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Introduction to research methods in political science. I have used it in my ciritcal thinking class taught in sociology. Introduces topics in research methods and includes data sets, tools and exercises for teaching a research methods course. Data sets are in SPSS format. Could be used for a complete course or for introducing a particular topic. I use it for teaching elaboraton in my critical thinking class.


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The Hydraulic Warehouse
Hydraulics, Hydraulic Equipment, Hydraulic Valves
The Hydraulic Warehouse boasts an unparalleled range of robust and high quality valves that are crucial in controlling the flow rate, direction and pressure of fluid for industrial and mobile use. Our hydraulic valve range includes check valves, ball valves, flow control valves, relief valves, reducing valves, sequence valves, counterbalance valves, directional valves and sandwich valves from leading valve manufacturers such as Eaton Vickers, Salami, Oil Control, EDI, Hydraforce and Husco.
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THW stocks a wide range of hydraulic pumps from world leading hydraulic brands including Eaton, Vickers and Salami.
THW provides efficient power steering products such as steering control units, steering wheels and steering columns.
THW offers many hydraulic motor brands such as Eaton, Char-Lynn, Vickers and SAI to power your hydraulic system.
A wide range of hydrostatic transmission solutions including medium & heavy duty pumps, motors & combination units.
THW stocks a range Fairfield gear boxes including Fairfield wheel hubs, spindle output and shaft output gearboxes.
THW stocks a wide range of MP Filtri filters to keep contamination under control and provide optimum protection.
Ausco Spring applied, hydraulically released, multi-disc brake are designed to fit between a gearbox and a motor.
THW carries a full line of hydraulic accessories to keep your hydraulic system running at optimum performance.
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Definitions of commonly used terms used in the treatment of head and neck cancer patients.
Radiation fibrosis syndrome is a common late side effect of radiation in the treatment of head and neck cancer.
Information about Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy, a side effect of some treatments for head and neck cancers.
Information about the side effect trismus and how it is treated.
Information about speech and swallow specialists and the support they provide head and neck cancer patients.
A review of the diet changes commonly recommended for patients being treated for head and neck cancers.
Websites that provide education, support and resources to people with head and neck cancer


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Extended Stay America Austin - Downtown - Town Lake
- Free continental breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 130 guestrooms
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Air conditioning
- Front desk safe
- Self-serve laundry
- Luggage storage
For families
- Kitchen
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Stovetop
- Microwave
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- Refrigerator
What's around
- Governor's Mansion (1.1 mi / 1.8 km)
- Austin City Limits (1.2 mi / 1.9 km)
- Texas State Capitol (1.6 mi / 2.5 km)
- Zilker Park (1.6 mi / 2.5 km)
- Zilker Botanical Garden (1.6 mi / 2.5 km)
Extended Stay America Austin - Downtown - Town Lakefrom S$165
- Deluxe Studio, 1 King Bed with Sofa bed, Smoking
- Studio, 1 Queen Bed, Non Smoking
- Studio, 2 Queen Beds, Non Smoking
- Studio, 1 Queen Bed, Smoking
- Deluxe Studio, 1 King Bed with Sofa bed, Non Smoking
- Studio, 1 King Bed, Non Smoking
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 130 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-midnight
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Children (17 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets allowed (dogs and cats only) *
- Restrictions apply *
- 2 per room
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
Nearby Two Star Austin hotels
In the hotel
- Free continental breakfast daily
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- 24-hour front desk
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Year Built 1998
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- 32-inch flat-screen TV
- Premium TV channels
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- Microwave
- Kitchen
- Stovetop
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Weekly housekeeping provided
Top Austin hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Austin
- Orangewood Inn & Suites MidtownFrom
"Good breakfast too"Jul 4, 2016
- Comfort Suites Pflugerville - Austin NorthFrom
"Clean comfortable facility. Convenient location, very friendly staff. Excellent value."Jul 1, 2016
- Best Western Plus Austin CentralFrom
"We are happy to stay the Hotel. We are satisfied with the comfort room, clean room and friendly staff. But their restroom is small. Not near the downtown, need to take bus. Near…"Jan 26, 2016
- Hampton Inn & Suites Austin @ The University / CapitolFrom
"Great stay at this hotel! The staff were very friendly and helpful, the location was great for University of Texas at Austin and also getting to downtown. Would recommend!"Aug 18, 2015
Nearby hotels
Recommended hotels
Extended Stay America Austin - Downtown - Town Lake's small print
Also known as
- Extended Stay America Austin Downtown Town Lake
- Extended Stay America Hotel Austin Downtown Town Lake
- Extended Stay America Austin Downtown Town Lake Hotel
A valid credit card is required at check-in for incidentals/damages otherwise a US$100 cash deposit per stay, per room will be collected. The deposit is refunded at check-out after satisfactory inspection. If refund is over US$100 a check will be mailed within 14 days of departure.
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
Cash deposit: USD 100 per stay
Optional extras
Weekly housekeeping is provided; fees apply for additional cleaning
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of USD 25 per pet, per day (maximum USD 150 per stay)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Good 3.0 /5 from 429 reviews
Great location for the tattoo convention I was working. Walked to the venue, grabbed breakfast and coffee on the way. Nothing overly fancy just a nice clean room.
The Hotel stunk, like a chemical smell. Maybe they were doing some work in the hotel, but the smell was VERY strong. The location is not real convenient. It is right on the corner of a pretty busy intersection with only 1 entrance. A little hard to get in and out of. My room was at 84 degrees when I checked in, so it took about 2 hours to cool down.
No room change for 3 days, room phone and coffee maker didn't work, didn't provide taxi call
There was used dental floss on my vanity. When I pulled down the comforter I found hairs all over the white sheets. There was a dirty towel hanging on the back of the door. The room wasn't cleaned/bed wasn't made once during my four night stay.
The website said we were .6 miles away from the Erwin Center for the Adele concert, when in fact, it was more than two miles. We rented this hotel room because we thought we will be able to walk. We were not. The room was too expensive, there were no amenities, the room service was non-existent. I've never been in a hotel. The only good thing I can say is the sheets were clean.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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tag: vintage
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~Happy Valentine's Day6 comments
I've created an album that will not only hold Valentine's Day cards but is also a treasured keepsake itself.view details
Have a Great Valentine's Day!16 comments
My daughter Vicky put this together for Valentine's Day.view details
Valentine "Chandelier"3 comments
A vintage lamp shade frame and thrifted floral supplies turns into a "chandelier" with a touch of paint and a little baker's twine.view details
"The Best Thing to Hold onto in Life is Each Other".6 comments
Happy Valentine's Day!view details
Vintage blueprint cabinet coffee table15 comments
We made this coffee table out of a vintage cole steel blueprint cabinet. We found 2 similar cabinets at a second hand store, for a great price. I knew when I saw them I wanted to turn them into...view details
One of My Best Finds Ever! The Original 1940s Building Permit for My Home6 comments
I found the original 1940 Building Permit and Certificate of Occupancy for my house on top of ductwork in the basement. So I had to build a frame worthy of such documents.view details
Clock themed New Year's party14 comments
Here's hoping your New Year's party is filled with festive fun for your guests! I'm pulling out the silver and clocks!view details
A Simple but Festive Holiday Project
Sometimes projects don't need to be complicated. Sometimes it's just a matter of picking the right pieces.view details
Antique Ladder "Christmas Tree"3 comments
My imagination went a little crazy with this year's "Christmas Tree".view details
Christmas Vignette from Children's Toys3 comments
The barnyard gets the Christmas treatment.view details
Christmas Curtains to Make Yourself4 comments
Now that Christmas is almost here youview details
Pantaloon Christmas Stocking3 comments
This Christmas "pantaloon" stocking is crafted from vintage ticking I picked up a tag sale and a vintage window curtain.view details
Piano Roll - Paper Roses!25 comments
I had so much fun challenging myself to use every bit of the piano roll! With just one roll I was able to create a wintery but warm Valentine's Day centerpiece -- complete...view details
Gliding into Winter11 comments
One of my favorite flea market finds EVER...!view details
Vintage Soda Sign5 comments
I enhanced this cool 1950's metal soda sign by building a background to mount it on.view details
Mod Podge Makeover3 comments
3 pieces get new leases on life thanks to decoupage.view details
Altared (sic) Idenity!3 comments
I found an antique altar in a junk shop and now use it as a sideboard in my dining room. The gothic arch detail and yummy chippy white paint pop in an other wise mostly white room. The bright aqua...view details
Junky-stemmed Pumpkins4 comments
Give your old pumpkins a face-lift this fallview details
Resurrecting the Past ~ Scaffolding Plank Table15 comments
Cast offs from a creepy old abandoned paint factory are brought back to life as an industrial style console table.view details
A night at the doll cemetary...13 comments
Who says old broken off doll heads are junk?? I do!! And they are the spookiest and best junk ever. Doll heads peering out from glass apothecary jars and added to an old rusty wrought iron chandelier...view details
~Happy Valentines...
Have a Great...
"The Best Thing to...
One of My Best...
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Looking for a vacation rental in Natters? Tripping.com has 3652 rental homes available in Natters. Potential renters will find 9 studios, 2731 1-bedroom, 622 2-bedroom and 290 rentals with 3 or more bedrooms ranging from $25 a night to $42449 a night. Many of these properties are instantly bookable.
The average price of a nightly rental in Natters is $168 while the average price of a weekly rental is $1085. For those looking for more than a short term rental such as corporate rentals, extended stays or long term rentals, the average monthly price of a Natters home is $21188.
Wondering if you can bring your favorite dog or cat with you? We have 1163 pet friendly vacation rentals available for you. In addition to accommodating pets, Natters rentals offer a variety of amenities. In particular, 1143 rentals have internet and wifi, 1766 have TV and/or cable and 258 have a pool or hot tub.Search properties from 14 rental sites in Natters where the top providers in that area are Booking.com, HRS Holidays, and e-domizil. There are 1511 Booking.com rentals, 1386 HRS Holidays short term rentals and 306 e-domizil vacation rentals.


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This week in Sonic Philes we have something very special; music especially recorded for Classic Breakfast by Adelaide based Gamelan In Situ.
This ensemble was created to perform the Suharto/Kotlowy dance work, In Lieu, which premiered in OzAsia Festival 2011, and later at the South Bank Centre, London in 2013.
The ensemble comprises David Kotlowy, Emily Rustanto, Guy Tunstill, Hannah Tunstill, Julian Tunstill, and Margret Eusope.
They are especially interested in exploring new musical ideas and performance arrangements through the commissioning of new works from local and international composers. Gamelan In Situ play on a pure-bronze, antique set of instruments from Blora, Northern Java, with saron and gender keys (wilah) cut in the bevelled, Blimbingan style, and tuned to a rarely-used, slendro system (five-notes to the octave) from Yogyakarta.
Gamelan In Situ premiered David Kotlowy's song cycle Lagu Cinta (Largoo Chinta - Love Songs) on Sunday Sept 22, as part of OzAsia Festival 2013.
Through the week we will listen to traditional Javanese works and original compositions by David.


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Contact Us
Replacing the Yellow River bridge on State Route (SR) 36 requires a one-year detour beginning Tuesday, March 7. Traffic will use SR 162 and SR ...
Michael Camp, of Covington, recently came forward as the winner of the $9.6 million jackpot prize from the Feb. 6 Jumbo Bucks Lotto drawing.
The Newton County Sheriff's Office (NCSO) honored its own and remembered a fallen brother Friday night as the department held its Eighth Annual Awards ...
Velinda Hardy, Covington Main Street director, has resigned effective immediately, according to an email to merchants from Newton County Chamber of Commerce President Ralph Staffins ...
Feb. 21 is the last day to register to vote on next month's SPLOST referendum. The election is March 21.
The Newton County Sheriff's Office (NCSO) Explorers received second place at the Boy Scouts of America "Winterfest" competition held in Gatlinburg, Tennessee Feb. 11.
The Newton County Sheriff's Office (NCSO) recently promoted two employees; Deputy Jacob Rice and Deputy Steve Walden were both promoted to the rank of ...
A Covington convenience store has sold the largest Jumbo Bucks Lotto jackpot ticket in Georgia Lottery history. A winning ticket worth a record $9.6 ...
Georgia State Trooper SFC Tony Henry succumbed to injuries Tuesday in an Atlanta hospital from a Dec. 3, 2016 motorcycle accident in Florida. The husband ...
Newton County Sheriff's Office (NCSO) announced last month the dates for an upcoming Citizen's Firearm Safety Course.
A historic bed, originally from 10050 Cielo Drive, in Los Angeles, California, will be up for auction Feb. 10 at Ole Hound Auction House. The ...
A 75-year-old woman was killed and two other people were injured in a two-vehicle crash on the Covington Bypass near Puckett Street Jan. 26 after ...
With more than 75 years of combined law enforcement experience, three generations of the Bradford family have accepted their callings in serving the community through ...
The Joint Development Authority (JDA) of Jasper, Morgan, Newton and Walton Counties held its first meeting of 2017 Jan. 25 at the Old Moore House ...
Page 1 of 2
CINCINNATI (AP) - Neil Armstrong was a quiet, self-described nerdy engineer who became a global hero when as a steely-nerved pilot he made "one giant leap for mankind" with a small step onto the moon. The modest man, who had people on Earth entranced and awed from almost a quarter-million miles away, died Saturday. He was 82.
Covington police, deputies with the Newton County Sheriff's Office and the fire department responded to the intersection of Henderson Mill Road and Lackey Road on Thursday at 11:50 p.m. in reference to a vehicle being on fire. According to a report from the NCSO, officials found a burgundy 2000 Nissan Maxima on fire. Firefighters extinguished the fire from the car and then deputies looked up the tag number on the vehicle and located the owner.
Who remembers the little stuffed animal mouse tucked into a hole in the wall at the children's library?
I've heard those murals are still painted on some of the walls over at the building near the square where so many of my generation spent the summer checking out towering stacks of books and listening to library programs.
Although nearly impossible to confirm, Georgia Bureau of Investigations Medical Examiner Dr. Eric Eason testified Thursday that Tim Clements could have died not only from blunt force trauma to the head, but also smothering.
T.K. Adams is dedicated. He's a dedicated husband and father; he is a dedicated teacher and he has used that dedication for the last two decades in making sure the Newton County Community Band is the absolute best it can be. Not because he has to, but because of his dedication to the music.
Hunter Ferrell of Oxford was selected to attend North Country Rock-n-Wilderness in northern Minnesota. This STUDIO 2B destination is one of many trips offered through Girl Scouting around the U.S. Girl Scouts of Minnesota and Wisconsin Lakes and Pines Council has offered this program for the past 18 years and has hosted girls from throughout the world.
Rotarian Nicole Fleming met new Interact Club applicants at Eastside High School.
Family and friends of the late J. Dixon Hays were in attendance at the Board of Commissioners meeting on Tuesday night as a portion of a highway was dedicated in his name.
Christian Caldwell, one of the four people charged in the 2009 murder of Timothy Clements, pleaded guilty Thursday to several charges, including malice murder and promised to testify against the alleged mastermind Pablo Maldonado, who is currently on trial and facing the death penalty for the murder of Clements.
Although outside doesn't feel like Christmas just yet, the Arts Association of Newton County is getting into the holiday spirit early by announcing public auditions for its annual Nutcracker ballet.
The group is asking all curious residents to give the ballet slipper a try and come to Mainstream Dance in Covington Saturday, Sept. 8. Auditions for children ages five and six are from noon to 12:30 p.m., ages seven and up, auditions are from 12:45 p.m. to 1:15 p.m.
Covington police responded to a call about a family fight at a home on Hillside Drive just after 3 a.m. on Tuesday. When police arrived, they spoke to a woman who said her oldest daughter had jumped on her youngest daughter.
Police spoke with the youngest daughter who said her older sister Mallery Smith was mad at her because she thought she had been seeing her boyfriend.
Like a scene out of a horror movie, that was how the murder of popular landscaper Tim Clements was discovered, when two teenagers went fishing at Snapping Shoals Creek on June 12, 2009.
The Newton-Covington 911 Communications Center wants to hear the public's comments on their services.
The newest set of phone numbers about to crop up using the new metro Atlanta 470 area code will seem strange at first, but for residents in the greater Atlanta area setting up a brand new phone number, they will only have to accept that as the other area codes, 770, 678, and 404 are no longer available.
While the area code 470 first appeared to me on a personal level this weekend, 470 is actually not so new, having been first activated in 2010.
The death penalty trial of accused murderer Pablo Fernando Maldonado begins Wednesday in the courtroom of Newton County Superior Court Judge Horace Johnson.
Page 352 of 666


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Freeze sealing for pipe repairs with Qwik-Freezer®
Qwik-Freezer® is the industry standard for portable CO2 Pipe Freezing Systems with thousands of kits in use around the world for over 40 years
Freeze sealing pipes for repair or maintenance is an increasingly popular alternative to 'hot-tapping' and eliminates the need to shut down or drain down a system for repairs and maintenance. These systems work by creating ice plugs (or 'freeze seals') either upstream of the repair site or on either side of an area where a pipe system needs to be maintained.
Qwik-Freezer®, which covers pipe diameters from 3/8" - 8" (9 - 200 mm), is the industry standard for portable CO2 Pipe Freezing Systems with thousands of kits in use around the world for over 40 years. Qwik-Freezer® is very quick and easy to use, requires almost no set-up time and is the only CO2 Pipe Freezing System capable of freezing up to 8" pipe. Even for smaller diameter freezes, Qwik-Freezer® produces ice plugs that are significantly more reliable and robust, capable of withstanding far more pressure than the smaller plugs that other types of systems will produce.
The diameter range of Qwik-Freezer® has become the preferred solution for a very wide range of water-carrying pipework, where valves need to be changed, in industry sectors such as: petrochemical, building services, food and beverage, hospitals, water treatment, shipping and aerospace.
A specially designed flexible jacket is wrapped around the pipe at the point where the freeze is required. A nozzle in the jacket is then coupled to a cylinder of liquid carbon dioxide by means of a high-pressure hose.
When the CO2 is injected into the space between the jacket and the pipe, at a temperature of -78°C, the pipe contents freeze and a secure 'ice plug' is formed, which seals the pipe. The 'ice plug' forms only in a section of the pipe covered by the jacket, so the resulting rise in pressure is very small and there is no damage to the pipe. The technique can be used safely on iron, lead, stainless steel, copper, brass and plastic pipe.
By not having to drain systems of liquids to make repairs, the savings made are able to justify the low relative cost of the Qwik-Freezer® System.
|Huntingdon Fusion Techniques Limited
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Huntingdon Fusion Techniques Limited, UK
|Ambrell unveils two-year standard equipment warranty
Ambrell Corporation, USA
|UKF Stainless are excited to announce their purchase of a state of the art Lasertube LT5 - offering an even more specialist cutting service
UKF Stainless Limited, UK
|Safer pipe Weld Purging for closing welds
Huntingdon Fusion Techniques Limited, UK
|Successful gas tungsten arc welding with MultiStrike®
Huntingdon Fusion Techniques Limited, UK
|Scott Miller joins Ambrell® as Pan European Sales Manager
Ambrell Corporation, USA
|Check out the video of this Modern Tube Cutoff Machine
AM Industrial Group, LLC, USA
|Rapid purge your pipes with QuickPurge®
Huntingdon Fusion Techniques Limited, UK
|Ambrell introduces expanded service with SmartCARE
Ambrell Corporation, USA
|Want to reduce the risk of unplanned GPHE downtime? This is the best advice you will get all year
Alfa Laval Kolding A/S, Denmark


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An amazing band led by bassist Harry Miller, representing some of the finest players in the 70s London improv scene, 3 tracks from the studio and 3 live at the '76 Chateauvallon Jazz Festival, with Louis Moholo-Moholo, Chris McGregor, Mike Osborne, Keith Tippett, &c. &c.
Miller's, Harry Isipingo
Different Times, Different Places
Label: Ogun
Released in: Great Britain
"Virtuoso South African bassist Harry Miller forged his reputation on the British jazz scene working alongside Mike Westbrook, Bob Downes, John Stevens and fellow exiled South Africans Chris McGregor, Dudu Pukwana and Louis Moholo-Moholo. As his reputation spread, Miller worked increasingly on mainland Europe with the likes of Peter Brötzmann, Misha Mengelberg and Willem Breuker. Different Times, Different Places, which follows up on the 1999 Ogun release Harry Miller - The Collection (now a prized collectors item) celebrates Miller s work as leader of the band Isipingo and features previously unreleased sessions from 1973 and 1976."-Ogun
• Show Bio for Keith Tippett
"Keith Tippett (born Keith Graham Tippetts; 25 August 1947) is a British jazz pianist and composer.
Tippett was born in Southmead, Bristol. The son of an English father who was a policeman and an Irish mother name of Kitty. Keith wrote music dedicated to her after she died. Keith was the oldest of three siblings and had Clive and Thomas as brothers. Tippett went to Greenway Secondary Modern school in Southmead, Bristol. He formed his first band when he was fourteen with school friends, such as Richard Murch, Mike Milton, Terry Pratt and Bob Chard. They were called the KT Trad Lads performing Traditional jazz. Later Keith formed a modern jazz trio in Bristol and played regularly at the Dugout Club in Park Row, Bristol. He studied Piano and Church Organ, was a chorister and played with the school and Bristol youth brass bands. He moved to London in 1967, to pursue a musical life.
In the late 1960s, Tippett led a sextet featuring Elton Dean on saxophone, Mark Charig on trumpet and Nick Evans on trombone. Tippett married singer Julie Driscoll and wrote scores for TV.
In the early 1970s, his big band Centipede brought together much of a generation of young British jazz and rock musicians. As well as performing some concerts (limited economically by the size of the band), they recorded one double-album, Septober Energy.
He formed, with Harry Miller and Louis Moholo a formidable rhythm section at the centre of some the most exciting combinations in the country, including the Elton Dean quartet, and Elton Dean's Ninesense. Around the same time, he was also in the vicinity of King Crimson, contributing piano to several of their records including "Cat Food" (and even appearing with them on Top of the Pops). His own groups, such as Ovary Lodge tended towards a more contemplative form of European free improvisation. He continues to perform with the improvising ensemble Mujician and more recently (2006) Work in Progress.
Tippett has appeared and recorded in a wide variety of settings, including a duet with Stan Tracey, duets with his wife Julie Tippetts, solo performances, and appeared on three King Crimson albums."-Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Tippett)
^ Hide Bio for Keith Tippett
Related Categories of Interest:
Improvised Music
London & UK Free Improvisation Scene
Staff Picks & Recommended Items
Octet Recordings
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Out of Stock
Shipping Weight: 2.00 units
Quantity in Basket: None
Label: Ogun
Catalog ID: OGCD 041
Squidco Product Code: 18508
Format: CD
Condition: New
Released: 2013
Country: Great Britain
Packaging: Cardstock foldover
Recorded in London on June 4th, 1973 and at the Chateauvallon Jazz Festival in France on July 7th, 1976.
Harry Miller-bass
Louis Moholo-Moholo-drums
Chris McGregor-piano
Mike Osborne-alto saxophone
Mark Charig-trumpet
Malcolm Griffiths-trombone
Keith Tippett-piano
Nick Evans-trombone
Highlight an artist name or instrument above
and click here to Search
Track Listing:
1. Bloomfield 6:11
2. Quandry 8:17
3. Touch Hungry 9:08
4. Mofolo 12:54
5. Something Like This 10:55
6. Touch Hungry 12:54
7. Eli's Song 17:13


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[Selling] Enilno The Quicksword (Great Lakes Event Item)
Discussion in 'UO Rares Collector' started by Blacklisted86, Apr 8, 2014.


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D.R.A.M. isn't sweating the "Hotling Bling" controversy, in fact, he's right back into the thick of things with the release of his own new music, the Gahdamn! EP. This following this weeks Donnie Trumpet assisted record and his notable collaboration with SZA on "Caretake. " But have no worries, there's still a bunch brand new material on the project. Peep below.


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Do you run your day? Let me ask you a question, do you run your day? Instead of letting it run you, do you act instead of reacting? So many people trudge through their days without having any clue as to the purpose of doing it, other than to make a bit of coin and continue living, so that they can do the same thing the next day. Now regardless of whether you like your job or not, if you don't know what your true purpose in life then you will never reach your own idea of true success. You may absolutely love […]Continue Reading... No Comments.
The business of business isn't really all that complicated. While there is, of course, specific knowledge required for specific industries, this post encapsulates everything that you'll need to know to survive and thrive in the business world. Business Without the Bullsh*t: 49 Secrets and Shortcuts You Need to Know The lists below are adapted and condensed from my recently published book, HOW TO MANAGE YOUR EMOTIONS 1. How to Become More Optimistic EXPECT something wonderful to happen every day. TREAT people as you'd want to be treated. DON'T waste breath fighting about things you can't change. CONCENTRATE on the job at hand, not the results you seek. ASSUME other people mean well. […]Continue Reading... No Comments.
Speed the ultimate competitive weapon! Slow Cost Money Speed is Sexy Speed trumps Size the fast eat the slow Speed is a competitive advantage Achieve More in 100 Days Than You Ever Thought Possible.Continue Reading... No Comments.
Do you want a million dollars? Have you ever had a million dollars of cold, liquid, hard cash? Let's face it, a million dollars won't get you as far today as it used to. Fidelity Investments recently did a survey of multi-millionaires and found the following 7 secrets to be true. 1- Secret No. 1 is that you first have to decide that you want to be a self-made multi-millionaire. To be financially free you must make a decision to be so. This is a decision that only you can make for yourself. No one else can make this decision for you. Don't worry about figuring out the 'HOW TO' […]Continue Reading... No Comments.
Yesterday, I discussed how anyone can turn their financial life around if they just take that first step – the first step is always the hardest one. After that, you start taking more and more little steps and before you know it, your financial life is getting better and better. What follows is a list of 100 more steps to take. Each of these tactics are simple little moves you can make to improve your financial situation. Some of them take just a few minutes, others might take an hour or two, some of them require a bit of regular effort, but they're all incredibly simple – anyone can do […]Continue Reading... No Comments.
I'll Give You A Clue.. Get Leads Get Leads Get Leads Get Leads.. I think I've made my point now. The hard fact is that you business thrives on new leads. Even if you run an offline business at the moment, there is no point learning the best ways of communicating with your customers and providing an awesome service, if you don't have any customers to begin with, FACT. A lot of the time I only hear bullshit excuses as to why it is so hard to drive traffic, why it is so hard to get qualified leads that are looking for what you have to offer. Here's another fact […]Continue Reading... No Comments.
by Marko Rubel After more than a decade as an investor, it still amazes me how many people ask me for success tips. It's become second nature to recite a few of the most popular stories that I always have in the back of my mind, but over this last week I started thinking about what I would ask present day 'Marko' if I could go back in time. The more I thought about it, the more I wanted to know the details of not my successes but instead my failures. For those of you who haven't spent time with me in one of my 4-day seminars – you […]Continue Reading... No Comments.
by Wendy Miller Do you have a home business or want to launch one? You probably did so much research that you felt like a pro. Plenty of time has gone by and now you should refresh your memory. This article is going to provide you with what you need to know to get ahead. As soon as you can, become a member of the Better Business Bureau. Not only will you be listed in all of the bureau's online material and directories, but it also has immediate impact on your credibility with customers. For a new home business, this simple step can help build quick trust. Research anyone you […]Continue Reading... No Comments.
Copyright (c) 2011 Do You Want Financial Success? Stupid question really, because I think we all do. A lot of people dream of having money and freedom and it can definitely happen with hard work and determination. It's important to look at all the goals you want to accomplish and try hard to attain them. Starting your own home business is an excellent goal but it's a lot of hard work. Money is pretty much what rules our lives. I know a lot of people don't like admitting this but it's true. However if you can manage to earn a decent amount you get to enjoy other aspects of life […]Continue Reading... No Comments.
What does success mean to you? If you are reading this, I assume you want to be successful in some way, shape or form. But maybe you feel constrained by all the things you'd have to do, all the plans you'd have to stick to, all the goals that are worthy but, let's face it, a bit dull. If you feel like this, it doesn't mean that you need to bumble along in pleasing mediocrity (though you can do that too if you want, this world is about choice). You can be more successful than you are now, you can make better choices you can have more ways of achieving […]Continue Reading... No Comments.


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Sign language is a form of language used by the deaf to communicate. Sign language allows people to use their hands, arms and facial expressions to communicate the same concepts as spoken language. When people who are deaf and use sign language wish to communicate with those who do not understand sign language, they often employ interpreters. Opening up a sign language business can be an excellent way to serve the needs of the deaf community and earn a living at the same time.
Create an office space. The office should have a space where you can keep records as well as a space where you can meet with clients and potential employees. You can use a dedicated space in your own house with a separate entrance, or you can rent space in a building somewhere. Consider renting a space that is near a place where deaf people gather such as a university for the deaf or a church group that has services for the deaf.
Interview employees. A sign language business may require more than one person to operate. You may need people who sign, someone to answer the phones as well as someone to greet clients and maintain records. An ideal employee should have at least some knowledge of sign language as well as an understanding of the needs of the deaf community. Someone who is post-lingually deaf (deafened after the acquisition of spoken language) may be an excellent co-worker to help you bridge the gap between the deaf and hearing worlds. Someone who has full hearing but grew up with a parent who is deaf and is fluent in sign language may also be the perfect co-worker.
Test employees. If you don't know sign language, you will have to ask potential employees to go for testing to make sure they can communicate effectively with sign language users. If you are fluent in sign language, you can test the employee yourself. Hold a 10-minute conversation with them to determine if they are skilled at sign language. Consider hiring employees who speak multiple sign languages. If you want to work with those who are deaf and from other countries such as Mexico or France, find employees who can communicate in other sign languages as well as American Sign Language.
Find clients. Once you've hired employees and set up your office space, you should seek out clients. You can contact local court offices and social agencies that work with the deaf to sign up as an interpreter. Consider membership in a professional sign language interpreter organization such as the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf. You can be added to the organization's database once you have met certain qualifications.
Related Searches
- Photo Credit Sign Language image by sonya etchison from Fotolia.com
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Pet Sitting & Drop In Visits in Fairbanks, CA
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House Sitting, Drop-In Visits
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As pet lovers, we understand how difficult it can be to leave your pet when you have to head out of town. Luckily, you can find the perfect Fairbanks pet sitter in seconds on Rover.com. If you're looking for trusted pet sitters while you're away, whether it's for one night or a whole month, you can find a pet sitter in Fairbanks, CA who meets your — and your pet's — needs. We manually review and approve every profile on our site, and we offer tools to help you make the right decision for your pet — including background checks, sitter testimonials, community reviews. We also offer educational opportunities and extra safety tools, such as the Protection Package. And we always recommend an in-person Meet & Greet so you can see that your sitter is the perfect fit for your dog. Rover is proud to be the nation's largest network of pet sitters and dog walkers.


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Capcom 1942 Premium T-Shirt
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Product # JI4642
Are you ready to take down the Japanese fleet? You're going to have to be a crack pilot to get the job done. We think you just might be up to the task. Relive some retro gaming glory with this awesome tee. It has the design artwork from the original video game smash hit! (Softness Rating = 10/10)
- 50% cotton and 50% polyester
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Forensic Evaluation skill : is it good for anything at all ?
Discussion in 'UHall' started by popps, Oct 15, 2009.


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And, of course, the fine print:
Get free shipping on your next order when you spend over $100. The discount will be automatically applied to your purchase; no promo code required. The subtotal of your purchase must be $100.01 or greater after any promotional discounts have been applied. Additional fees such as tax or shipping and handling do not apply toward your minimum subtotal requirement of $100.01. Offer applies to standard shipping only. Certain items that require additional shipping and handling are excluded from this promotion and do not apply towards your $100.01 subtotal minimum. Offer subject to change.
Give sweets an elegant place to tempt with this vintage beauty. Each candy dish is an upcycled antique, the silver pot painted navy blue to give it a fresh look for treats (and blooms, too). The ornate handles and lid are left intact to celebrate the original character of the piece and allow the patina to shine through.
– Vintage silverplate candy dish
– Masked and painted by hand
– Also works as a vase
This product ships from the maker within 4 days, via USPS
If you're not happy with this item for any reason, you may return it for a full refund within 30 days.


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TP-LINK TL-PB10400 10400mAh Power Bank, 2 USB ports(5V/1A, 5V/2A), 1 Micro USB port, Built-in flashlight, with Micro USB CablePortable Phone/Tablet Battery Packs
Product Number: SYNX3955589
In Stock - Hurry, only 52 left.
Estimated Delivery - 5 business day(s) - Tue 2/28 6 business days - Wed 3/1
Shipping - This item is eligible for Free Shipping on orders over $45
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Product Details
Not Returnable
Due to its limited shelf life or other concerns, we do not accept returns on this product unless it is damaged, defective or incorrect due to an error on our part.
TP-LINK TL-PB10400 10400mAh Power Bank, 2 USB ports(5V/1A, 5V/2A), 1 Micro USB port, Built-in flashlight, with Micro USB Cable - Powerful Capacity
Powerful capacity of 10400mAh lets you charge a smartphone 3~5 times, keeping your devices running all the time.
Simultaneously Super-fast Charging
Dual USB ports (5V/2A and 5V/1A) allow for charging two devices simultaneously. Built-in special circuit provides full speed for your smartphones.
Reliable Power
TL-PB10400's multiple protections of short circuit, over-voltage, over-current, over-charge, over-discharge, and over-heating ensure safe and reliable charging to avoid any potential harm to your devices.
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41 Valentine's Day Crafts: Valentine's Day Cards, Gifts, and More
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Latest Comments
"I like this vintage style Santa graphic, but I read that the designer used a cutting machine to cut a red vinyl decal to afix to the cream painted wood board. I don't know what kind of cutting machine she is talking about and I wonder how pricey it is? I'd like an alternative to getting that Santa on there."
"This wall decor is very chic with any message you write on it! And it couldn't be easier. However, another option to using foam core board would be to actually buy an old thrift store bulletin board and spray paint it black. I think it would give the wall art a little bit more of a lived-in rustic look as the cork board adds texture and interest."
"This DIY holiday project is something that I would like to do at home myself. This craft is not for everyone's taste, but if you like a certain minimalist decorating approach and you've got a creative eye then this is for you! At first I did not even notice the picture frame in the background. It's used to attach the branch to it. Cute idea!"
Fun Love Boxers
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Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Get your guy a fun pair of love boxers this Valentine's Day. Instead of buying it you can make them yourself. All you need is some fashion dye and paint and you're all set to make this fun project from I Love to Create.
- Tulip® One-Step Fashion Dye™
- Fuchsia
- Red
- Aleene's® OK To Wash-It®
- Tulip® 3D Fashion Paint
- 65000 White
- 65010 Pink
- 65018 Purple
- 65038 Black
- 65130 True Red
- Tulip® Surface Cover™
- Sequin trim – assorted colors and widths as desired
- (2) White boxer shorts
- Lace fabric – scrap
- Ribbon – scrap
- Felt – purple, red, fuchsia, light pink, black
- Gathered lace trim – 2 yards
- Paper towels
- Sewing pins
- Rick-rack – red, light pink
- Scissors
- Buttons – assorted colors and sizes
- White chalk
- Wash boxers to remove sizing.
- Cover work surface with Surface Cover. Place damp boxers on surface then crumple following instruction sheet.
- Wearing plastic gloves from dye box, fill dye bottle with water to indicated line, then shake till thoroughly mixed.
- Squeeze Red dye on one pair, squeezing and turning fabric. Dye other pair with Fuchsia. Let set 4 to 6 hours then wash in washer with small amount of laundry soap. Dry in dryer and iron smooth.
- Cut out patterns from pattern sheet. Pin patterns onto felt or lace then cut out.
- Squeeze a thin bead of OK to Wash-It on back of design then use finger to smooth to edges. Press in place on boxers. Referring to photo, glue all lace and felt sections into place.
- To glue sequin trim in place, apply a very thin line of glue along edge of designs then press sequin trim in place. Trim end of sequin strand and let dry.
- Glue buttons and bows onto designs as shown or as desired.
- Flip over word pattern then lightly trace lines with chalk. Position pattern chalk side down where shown then press in place. Run a finger over letters to transfer pattern in chalk onto fabric. Remove pattern.
- Trace over wording and add details to designs with 3D Fashion Paint. Start flow of paint on paper towel using an even pressure on bottle for a smooth line. Fill in hearts, detail cone and add lettering. Refer to photo. Let dry.
- Glue rick-rack and lace around legs as desired. Let dry.
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Zheng G.,French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation |
Barbot J.-P.,ENSEA Cergy |
Barbot J.-P.,French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation |
Boutat D.,ENSI de Bourges PRISME |
And 4 more authors.
Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control | Year: 2010
This paper investigates the problem of causal observability of the states and unknown inputs of nonlinear time-delay systems. Using the theory of non-commutative rings, the nonlinear time-delay system is transformed into a suitable canonical form to solve the problem. A necessary and sufficient condition is given to guarantee the existence of a change of coordinate leading to such a form. Then, algorithms are provided to check the possibility of obtaining causal estimations of the states and unknown inputs for the studied systems. ©2010 IEEE. Source
Zheng G.,French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation |
Boutat D.,ENSI de Bourges PRISME
IET Control Theory and Applications | Year: 2011
This study treats synchronisation problem of chaotic systems from a novel point of view, by using a change of coordinates to transform chaotic systems into a common canonical form, for which the synchronisation problem can be easily studied via reduced observer. Sufficient and necessary conditions are given and the proposed method is illustrated by the synchronisation of Rössler chaotic system. © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology. Source
Djebrani S.,ENSI de Bourges PRISME |
Benali A.,ENSI de Bourges PRISME |
Abdessemed F.,University of Batna
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science | Year: 2012
A new approach to control an omnidirectional mobile manipulator is developed. The robot is considered to be an individual agent aimed at performing robotic tasks described in terms of a displacement and a force interaction with the environment. A reactive architecture and impedance control are used to ensure reliable task execution in response to environment stimuli. The mechanical structure of our holonomic mobile manipulator is built of two joint manipulators mounted on a holonomic vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with three driven axles with two spherical orthogonal wheels. Taking into account the dynamical interaction between the base and the manipulator, one can define the dynamics of the mobile manipulator and design a nonlinear controller using the input-state linearization method. The control structure of the robot is built in order to demonstrate the main capabilities regarding navigation and obstacle avoidance. Several simulations were conducted to prove the effectiveness of this approach. Source
Cressent R.,ENSI de Bourges PRISME |
David P.,Grenoble Institute of Technology |
Idasiak V.,ENSI de Bourges PRISME |
Kratz F.,ENSI de Bourges PRISME
Reliability Engineering and System Safety | Year: 2013
This article outlines the need for a reliability database to implement model-based description of components failure modes and dysfunctional behaviors. We detail the requirements such a database should honor and describe our own solution: the Dysfunctional Behavior Database (DBD). Through the description of its meta-model, the benefits of integrating the DBD in the system design process is highlighted. The main advantages depicted are the possibility to manage feedback knowledge at various granularity and semantic levels and to ease drastically the interactions between system engineering activities and reliability studies. The compliance of the DBD with other reliability database such as FIDES is presented and illustrated. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Source


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Question about Computers & Internet
Posted by wendysiryj on
OK this is gonna take a few replies back and forth since I cannot be there so I know what is working and what is not.
First go to the DOS prompt by clicking on clicking on run>then type in "cmd" then once at the DOS prompt type in c:> cd\
to get to the C: prompt only.
The at the C;> type ping 127.0.0.1. This should state that 4 packets were sent and 4 received.
This is to ensure your Network Adapter card is working properly. If you ge the 4 packets received. Then type in ipconfig /all and post the results to me. You'll have to rate this solution so I'm the only one to work your case, otherwise it stays open for anyone to work it and you will get a thousand different ways of doing the same thing.
Posted on Jan 24, 2009
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
a 6ya expert can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
the service is completely free and covers almost anything you can think of (from cars to computers, handyman, and even drones).
click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
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Nutrition support of children and adults with a disorder of leucine catabolism. Leucine-free. Use under medical supervision.
I-Valex 2 Amino Acid-Modified Medical Food
Nutrient profile specifically designed for children and adults. When fed according to the Abbott Nutrition Support Protocols, provides adequate amounts of all nutrients. Leucine-free to allow greater intake of intact protein. 30% of energy as fat to help supply essential fatty acids. Isoleucine and valine to help prevent deficiency of these amino acids. Glycine (2000 mg/100 g) to bind with acyl groups and help enhance their excretion in a nontoxic form. L-carnitine (1800 mg/100 g) to help supply amount normally found in foods of animal origin and help excrete toxic metabolites. Halal. Gluten-free. Lactose-free.
|Abbott Nutrition
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|I-Valex-2 Powder: Corn Syrup Solids, L-Alanine, High Oleic Safflower Oil, Coconut Oil, Sodium Citrate, Soy Oil, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Arginine, L-Proline, L-Lysine Acetate, Calcium Phosphate, L-Glycine, L-Carnitine, L-Tyrosine. Less than 2% of the Following: L-Phenylalanine, Magnesium Phosphate, Potassium Chloride, L-Serine, L-Threonine, Silicon Dioxide, L-Valine, L-Isoleucine, L-Histidine, DATEM, Potassium Citrate, Potassium Phosphate, L-Methionine, L-Cystine Dihydrochloride, L-Tryptophan, Calcium Carbonate, Ascorbic Acid, Taurine, Choline Chloride, m-Inositol, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate, Niacinamide, dl-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate, Calcium Pantothenate, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Mixed Tocopherols, Cupric Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Thiamine Chloride Hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Vitamin A Palmitate, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Folic Acid, Chromium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Beta-Carotene, Biotin, Sodium Selenate, Phylloquinone, Sodium Molybdate, Vitamin D3, and Cyanocobalamin.
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On February 3rd I presented the results of a study involving patch burn grazing on a prairie natural area. For those interested, here is a link to a PDF that I generated from the Powerpoint slides and my notes. Feel free to post any questions or comments here.
The Vasculum
The Official Blog of the Institute of Botanical Training
Wednesday, February 8, 2017
Thursday, January 28, 2016
Fall Fire for Effective Management: Is There a Seasonal Affective Disorder in Prescribed Fire?
Over the years, I have noticed several intriguing responses in natural communities to seasonal variations in prescribed fire. I've discussed this issue with many folks, have initiated several interesting, though largely unsatisfying, email strings on the subject and wrote an essay on the subject in a recent Missouri Natural Areas Newsletter. Through this process, I have found that the increasing utilization of spring burning, as opposed to the more historically relevant application of autumnal anthropogenic burning, is primarily driven by convenience rather than ecological soundness. And, that the assumptions underlying the prescription of spring fire (that either spring fire is harmless or that it is at least better than no fire at all) are potentially more wishful than accurate. Having observed significant losses in plant diversity and subsequent increases in weedy shrubs like sumac and blackberries in areas where spring fire has reigned supreme, my concern has only grown. Steve Buback (Natural History Biologist for the Missouri Department of Conservation), sharing my concerns, suggested we investigate the matter via a summary of the pertinent literature on the subject and present the summary at the Missouri Natural Resource Conference. So, that is what we are doing. On Friday, February 5, 2016 Steve Buback and I will be presenting a talk on the effects of spring and summer prescribed fire compared to fall and winter prescribed fire.
On the surface this appears to be a dense or debatable topic. However, after an exhaustive review of the literature, I was surprised to find that it really isn't. It is quite simple really. Given this, Steve and I agreed to post the literature summaries in advance. We are hoping a few people will help catalyze any questions/discussion via this forum and thereby help us to be better prepared for Q&A after the presentation. We are also hopeful that this little bit of publicity will get more folks in attendance, since the talk is on Friday (last day of the conference) and the title isn't horribly provocative.
So, I'll start the talk with a rundown of why people used to burn and why we burn now. Basically modern burning (in North America, mind you) falls into two camps; 1) managing rangeland for cattle production with a heavy bias for grasses and 2) to promote and/or support biodiversity. There may also be a tad of fire use to promote forestry here and there. Because most prescribed fire in Missouri is done through public and private conservation agencies, most of it is directed toward promoting and/or supporting biodiversity; a rich assemblage of plants, animals and all creatures great and small.
Unfortunately, I could find zero published results on the effects of seasonality of fire in woodlands and forests. All of the literature involves prairie habitats and even then it is sparse. The phenomenon shouldn't be much different, and if it is different, one would expect to see more exaggerated results in woodlands and forests since there is a higher ratio of C3 graminoids and forbs to C4 grasses in woodland and forests: the effect we are concerned about. Here are the results of the studies directly testing hypotheses of seasonality on plant community structure and composition followed by a summary/synthesis:
Towne and Kemp 2003 – 8 year study using annual fire (previous 3-4 year interval)
On the surface this appears to be a dense or debatable topic. However, after an exhaustive review of the literature, I was surprised to find that it really isn't. It is quite simple really. Given this, Steve and I agreed to post the literature summaries in advance. We are hoping a few people will help catalyze any questions/discussion via this forum and thereby help us to be better prepared for Q&A after the presentation. We are also hopeful that this little bit of publicity will get more folks in attendance, since the talk is on Friday (last day of the conference) and the title isn't horribly provocative.
So, I'll start the talk with a rundown of why people used to burn and why we burn now. Basically modern burning (in North America, mind you) falls into two camps; 1) managing rangeland for cattle production with a heavy bias for grasses and 2) to promote and/or support biodiversity. There may also be a tad of fire use to promote forestry here and there. Because most prescribed fire in Missouri is done through public and private conservation agencies, most of it is directed toward promoting and/or supporting biodiversity; a rich assemblage of plants, animals and all creatures great and small.
Unfortunately, I could find zero published results on the effects of seasonality of fire in woodlands and forests. All of the literature involves prairie habitats and even then it is sparse. The phenomenon shouldn't be much different, and if it is different, one would expect to see more exaggerated results in woodlands and forests since there is a higher ratio of C3 graminoids and forbs to C4 grasses in woodland and forests: the effect we are concerned about. Here are the results of the studies directly testing hypotheses of seasonality on plant community structure and composition followed by a summary/synthesis:
Towne and Kemp 2003 – 8 year study using annual fire (previous 3-4 year interval)
-Spring burning (late April) compared to winter (February) and fall (late November)
Spring Burning resulted in…
-decreased richness of C3 grasses and perennial forbs
-decreased diversity of C3 grasses and perennial forbs
-decreased productivity of C3 grasses and perennial forbs
-complete loss of five annual species
-no increase in C4 grass productivity
Also found that…
-Big Bluestem increased regardless of season
-Indian Grass proliferated with spring burning
-Carex spp. increased 14% with autumn and winter; decreased to 3.5% in spring
-Cool season grasses increased 22% in autumn and winter; decreased 5% spring
-most legumes tolerated but did not benefit from spring burning-woody species showed no change (low density to begin with)
Towne and Craine 2014 – continuation of 8 year to a 20 year study
-grass biomass remained unchanged from autumn, winter and spring burns
-June Grass increased from 3 to 11 percent in autumn and winter
-June Grass was eliminated from spring plots
-Indian Grass stayed constant in autumn and winter
-Indian Grass doubled in spring (increase indicative of lost diversity in glades)
-spring burns reduced biomass by 50%
-spring burns had increase in 5 species (average C-value = 4.7)
-winter and fall saw increase in 6 species (average C-value=6.2)
-Carex spp. increased 8 to 14 percent in autumn and winter
-Carex spp. decreased from 6 to 1 percent in spring
-woody plants stayed constant across treatments
Owensby and Anderson (1967) and Aldous (1934) – early studies from Konza
Compared early (Mar 20), mid (Apr 10), and late spring (May 1)
to fall dormant season burns (not in Owensby and Anderson 1970).
-C4 grass productivity increased from fall (lowest) to late spring (highest)
-weeds decrease by a ~ ¼ after early spring and ~ ½ after late spring
Weeds as defined by Aldous (1934): "There are several species of forbs, or broad-leafed plants. In pastures most of these are considered as weeds and will be designated as such. These forbs fluctuate in abundance from year to year. The most abundant ones include:
-perennial ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) [C=3]
-many-flowered aster (Aster ericoides) [C=5]
-pasture sage (Artemisea ludoviciana) [C=3] [
-whorled milkweed (Asclepias verticillata) [C=2]
-prairie cat's-foot (Antennaria neglecta) [C=4]
-Missouri goldenrod (Solidago missouriensis) [C=6]
-stiff goldenrod (Solidago rigida) [C=5]
-blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium campestre) [C=5]
-wild flax (Linum texanum) [C=5]
and about a half dozen other species of minor importance."
Howe 1994 – early flowering vs. late flowering in experimental prairies in WI
-compared spring (March 31) and mid-summer (July 15) burns
-early flowering perennials (flowering before mid-July) planted prairie
-cover was 17% in controls, 6% in spring burn and 46% in summer
-late flowering perennials (flowering after mid-July) in remnants
-cover was 80% in controls, 92% in spring burn and 47% in summer
-spring fire hurts early perennials and encourages late perennials
-summer fire hurts late perennials and encourages early perennials
Hajny, Hartnett and Wilson 2011 – 2 and 10 year study of fire effects on Smooth Sumac
Fall (November), Winter (January), Spring (April), Summer (July); backfires and head fires
Part 1: Effects of seasonality
-all treatments had dramatic stem mortality (80 to 99%)
-summer burns had fewer resprouts post treatment
-but lower mortality due to fuels (no net loss)
-spring had the most resprouts
-fall had no significant change in resprouts
-fire increased plant size and fruit set compared to unburned
-thus no reproductive cost to sumac (resprouts or fruit)
-summer and fall had the lowest seed set and lowest resprout
-winter and spring had highest (>double fall or summer) 2 year study.
-suggests that summer burns could be the best management for sumac
-10 year data demonstrates dramatic increase from summer burns
-long term, summer burning is the worst scenario for stem density
-In terms of resprouts, new sprouts and seed production in long term study
-spring burns showed most dramatic increases overall (worst option)
-fall burns showed most decrease (best option)
-winter was second best option
-summer was third best option
Part 2. Fire Intensity (backfires vs. headfires)(no summer component)
-spring backfires resulted in higher density of stems than
fall or winter backfires or head fires
-backfires and headfires in all seasons but winter and fall
resulted in increased sumac
-fall backfires resulted in zero population growth
-winter backfires resulted in the only decrease
Given the long-term results, the lower number of stems and seeds produced, the stable population growth and suitability to herbaceous grass and forb diversity and productivity (from other studies), low intensity fall backfires provide for the greatest biodiversity and ecological function.
In summary
Minor disagreement – whether late spring increases productivity of C4 grasses
-Contemporary research demonstrates no difference between seasons
-Older research demonstrated that late spring was best but for production of quality for
forage, not biodiversity(weeds)
Minor disagreement – seasonal effects of fire on woody plants
-Most show nothing deters established woody plants in the long-term
-Others show that late spring and growing season fires increase woody plants like sumac, blackberries and dogwood.
There is unanimous agreement (Abrams and Hulbert 1987; Heisler et al. 2003; Briggs et al. 2005; Lett and Knapp 2005; Bidwell and Engle 1992; Engle and Bidwell 2001; Towne and Kemp 2008; Dacy and Fulbright 2009; Owensby and Anderson 1967 and Anderson et al. 1970; plus above) that…
-burning increases productivity compared to not burning (but maybe not vs. haying)
-after forbs and C3 grasses break dormancy (late February to early March) their rates of mortality increase with the lateness of burning season
-any herbaceous plant that is actively growing will be negatively impacted by fire to some degree
-the degree depends on how advanced it is into growth cycle and fire intensity
-fire does not deter established shrubby plants (maybe winter backfires)
If an herbaceous plant is actively growing, it will be negatively impacted by fire.
Spring fire decreases C3 grasses and forbs, favors C4 grasses and increases shrubby
species recruitment and densities (carries high potential of net loss to biodiversity).
Fall fire increases richness, diversity and productivity of C3 grasses, C4 grasses, and
forbs and doesn't encourage shrubby species (if shrubs aren't an issue, winter is next best).
We don't know enough about summer fire to apply it except under special circumstances
where the collateral damage is understood and acceptable.
The End
Well, that's it. I'd be interested in anyone's thoughts or questions. Thanks!
Literature Cited
Abrams MD, Hulbert LC (1987) Effect of topographic position and fire on species composition in tallgrass prairie in north-east Kansas. American Midland Naturalist, 117, 442-445.
Aldous AE (1934) Effect of burning on Kansas bluestem pastures. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 38.
Anderson KL, Smith EF, Owensby CE (1970) Burning bluestem range. Journal of Range Management 23, 81-92.
Bidwell TG, Engle DM (1992) Relationship of fire behavior to tallgrass prairie herbage production. Journal of Range Management 45, 579-584.
Briggs JM, Knapp AK, Blair JM, Heisler JL, Hoch GA, Lett MS, McCarron JK (2005) An ecosystem in transition: causes and consequences of the conversion of mesic grassland to shrubland. Bioscience 55, 243-254.
Dacy EC, Fulbright TE (2009) Survival of sprouting shrubs following summer fire: effects of morphological and spatial characteristics. Rangeland Ecology and Management 62, 179-185.
Engle DM, Bidwell TG (2001) Viewpoint: the response of central North American Prairies to seasonal fire. Journal of Range Management 54, 2-10.
Hajny KM, Hartnett DC, Wilson WT (2011) Rhus glabra response to season and intensity of fire in tallgrass prairie. International Journal of Wildland Fire 20 709-720
Heisler JL, Briggs JM, Knapp AK (2003) Long-term patterns of shrub expansion in a C4-dominated grassland: fire frequency and the dynamics of shrub cover and abundance. American Journal of Botany 90, 423-428.
Howe HF (1994) Response of Early- and Late-Flowering Plants to Fire Season in Experimental Prairies Ecological Applications, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Feb., 1994), pp. 121-133
Lett MS, Knapp AK (2005) Woody plant encroachment and removal in mesic grassland: production and composition responses of herbaceous vegetation. American Midland Naturalist 153, 217-231.
Owensby CE, Anderson KL (1967) Yield responses to time of burning in the Kansas Flint Hills. Journal of Range Management 20, 12-16.
Town EG, Kemp KE (2003) Vegetation dynamics from annually burning tallgrass prairie in different seasons. Journal of Range Management 56, 185 192.
Towne EG, Kemp KE (2008) Long-term response patterns of tallgrass prairie to frequent summer burning. Rangeland Ecology and Management 61, 509-520.
Towne EG, Craine JM (2014) Ecological Consequences of Shifting the Timing of Burning Tallgrass Prairie. PLoS ONE 9(7): e103423
Posted by Justin R. Thomas at 12:57 PM 17 comments:
Saturday, January 16, 2016
There are so many questions in field ecology. And there are those of us that obsess over the answers. We obsess because the questions gnaw at our psyches, needle the tender pink concavities of our brains, and boil up hot lava plumes of dissatisfaction as we dig deeper into the pleasure of nature study. They haunt us the way any puzzle haunts any person, only amplified. Instead of a word jumble over morning coffee, field ecologists face vast expanses of dead and living landscapes that have been scattered, smothered, covered, chunked, diced, peppered, capped and topped (not unlike Waffle House hash browns) across millions of years of ecological transition and evolutionary time. They have cooked into a steamy stew of wondrously bewildering patterns, pseudopatterns, and near trends. Good field ecologists savor their thick saucy sweetness.
Science, as a social function, thrives on questions. It is a progressive endeavor. In my estimation, the best field ecologists are those thirsty with questions. They are also almost always field botanists. I attribute this to several factors; 1) ecology is the study of energy flow; 2) photosynthesis is the sole source of all energy that enters terrestrial ecosystems (and the vast majority of aquatic ecosystems); 3) the structure and composition of botanical communities dictate the structure and function of all subordinate (in terms of energy flow) forms of life. Thus, the more intimately one knows a flora, the more insight one has into the past states, current condition and ultimate potential of a given area. I can't state strongly enough that this type of knowledge is paramount to wise use and sound management.
On a side note, this is also the reason I get squeamish this time of year as I see the flurry of summer job postings for "seasonal botanists", in stark contrast to the complete absence of "professional botanist" jobs. No, it appears the conservation field is now defining "botanists" as an undergraduate student looking for an intern-like position who also has a penchant for thumbing their way through a Newcomb's guide or equivalent. Once they've gotten their summer of wildflower romping out of their system they're ready for more technocratic endeavors like manning ARC-GIS machines or computer modeling; no doubt drawing on the vast ecological wisdom a single season in the field has garnered them. And while the maps and models fly around with perpetually inbred logic, and they are ushered into other dubiously titled positions, there remain no professional avenues for the truly seasoned botanists; those driven by ecological or botanical phenomenology: the study of real systems and real organisms in real time.
Which brings us to Juncus brachyphyllus. Between 1922 and 1974 Juncus brachyphyllus was documented by collections at least 28 times in Missouri (based on current Flora of Missouri Project database at tropicos.org). Because no verified collections had been made since 1974, it was added to the state list of species of conservation concern as State Historic (SH), which isn't too far a jump from State Extripated.
As a die-hard Juncus fan, I began looking for Juncus brachyphyllus in the early 2000's as I botanized and/or sampled the prairies of southwest Missouri. I must have decapitated several hundred innocent Juncus dudleyi and J. interior in order to investigate the nature of their septa; the key-based character needed to distinguish J. brachyphyllus from these two similar species. As the keys read, the septa of J. brachyphyllus are complete and fully divide the ovary into three distinct locules, whereas the septa of J. dudleyi and J. interior are incomplete (not connected in the center); thus while the capsules are technically tricarpellate in all three, they are unilocular in the latter two.
One day in 2013 my search for a rediscovery of Juncus brachyphyllus in Missouri ended. I was conducting a botanical survey for a private landowner in Hickory County. I had just gotten to the site and was talking to the landowner when about 20 feet away I saw a Juncus inflorescence sticking up in the grass. Instantly I knew it was different. It was taller than the ubiquitous J. dudleyi. It had a thicker stem. It had a more condensed inflorescence that was distinctly cinnamon brown. I attempted to politely and simultaneously uphold my end of the conversation and contain my excitement as I slid closer to the plant that I already knew was going to be J. brachyphyllus. It was.
The very next morning I had business on Golden Prairie where I had been working earlier in the week. No sooner had I stepped out of the truck, when I spotted a stem of J. brachyphyllus. That's two modern collections in two days! Since then I've been on twenty or more prairies in the Unglaciated Prairie Natural Division and at each of them I have found healthy populations of J. brachyphyllus without even trying. The "state historic" hypothesis, though functionally useful for raising awareness, was completely false. Sadly, the only thing historic was our ability to recognize this common member of our prairie flora.
Juncus brachyphyllus is a prairie species. Its complete range is prairie. So imagine my confusion when I also began finding it in the Ozarks. Everyone knows there is no prairie in the Ozarks, right? There are glades (edaphic prairies), there are historically open woodlands and savannas, but prairies? Okay, there are small prairie properties like Tingler Prairie near West Plains but that is it. All right, there are rumors of very large historic prairies like Lanes Prairie in Maries County. And sure, there are large prairie stretches with highly conservative prairie flora all along the I-44 corridor from Springfield to Pacific; all along highways 68, 32 and 19 radiating from Salem where Schoolcraft noted extensive prairies; all along highway 60 from Springfield to Mountain View or just about any highway or road in the broad upland zones of the entire Springfield and Salem Plateaus. And, okay, maybe Paul Nelson did mention in the Terrestrial Natural Communities of Missouri (1987, 2005 and 2010) that there were scattered prairies of just about every prairie type that occurs in Missouri in the Ozarks and that they consisted of 100 to 1000 acre patches. And if you really think about it, I guess Schroeder (1981), a mere 35 years ago, did well document via land survey notes large prairie stretches in the Ozarks. But there are NO prairies. Besides Tingler Prairie, they did not exist nor do they exist in the minds of most professionals in the field today. We never talk about them. There is no active project to document, survey or secure them. The public certainly is oblivious. So while they may have existed, they may as well never have.
It's kind of sad. On one hand we have a plant that the professionals charged with protecting couldn't identify (myself included) and on the other an entire community type (actually several types) that is completely off the radar on an ecoregional scale. What is even sadder is that these seemingly non-existent Ozark Prairies were/are phenomenal! They were unlike any other prairie expression in terms of structure and composition at all scales (community, population and genetic). I've actually walked on a few of these remnants and have marveled at combinations unseen elsewhere, as species characteristic of Ozark woodlands intermingle with classic prairie notoriety. Here are some photos of them in situ.
Delphinium carolinianum, unlike D. virescens which is more often associated with the Tallgrass Prairie ecoregion, is mostly found on limestone glades in the Ozarks. However, this photo was taken in an Ozark prairie remnant on soils derived from Roubidoux Sandstone. The population only consisted of a half dozen stems.
Desmodium sessilifolium is a common species of prairie inside and outside the Ozarks. It is one of the more disturbance tolerant species and thereby serves as a decent indicator of prairie influence.
Gymnopogon ambiguus is an odd duck. Primarily a grass of the Coastal Plain it likely sneaked into the Ozark prairies during the hypsithermal.
Helianthus occidentalis was likely a common element of Ozark prairies especially given the often dry sandy soils of Ozark uplands.
Helianthus x cinereus is a hybrid between the last and the next species. Because hybridization has a functional role in many communities, this is a wonderful thing to see in the Ozarks.
Helianthus mollis is a classic Tallgrass prairie species that does not occur on glades in the Ozarks. Its presence is highly indicative of remnant prairie.
Juncus brachycarpus is not a hardcore prairie species, but its prevalence in Ozark prairies as well as Tallgrass prairies to the west is interesting and fun.
Liatris hirsuta is commonly considered an Ozark woodland species. But its geographical distribution actually indicates that it is a species of the east central Tallgrass Ecoregion with a range extension into the western Ozarks. Since most of the Ozark prairies are gone or overgrown, the perception of it as a woodland species is likely derived more from displacement than historic relevance.
Monarda bradburiana is primarily a woodland species, but it fits right into smaller Ozark prairie remnants. It makes one wonder just how much prairie blood is coursing through its veins.
Andropogon ternarius is another species that seems to have been more common in Ozark prairies in Missouri than in our actual prairies.
Platanthera lacera is one of the weedier of the prairie orchid ilk, but, like in bigger prairies to the west and north, it is quite at home in the Ozark prairies.
Polygala incarnata is one of several species that occur in shallow sandy soils of prairies in southwest Missouri. It does the same in Ozark prairies.
Orbexilum pedunculatum is equally at home in Ozark woodlands, Tallgrass prairies and prairies of the Ozarks. It is another one of these species that if you learned it in the Ozarks you think of as a woodland species, but if you learned it in prairies you think of it as a prairie species. Both are right. I feel this type of interface between the two ecotones is what makes Ozark prairies so specieal.
Prunus munsoniana forms wonderful mounded thickets in prairie country and offers habitat heterogeneity and tasty plums for wildlife. Its range seems to overlay the Ozark prairie zone very well.
Andropogon scoparius (not Schizachyrium; a taxonomically useless moniker). You couldn't cry "prairie" without it. Like in Tallgrass prairie, it is/was a matrix species in Ozark prairie.
Escaped fire gave this remnant another breath of life. This is part of a patchy network of roughly 80 acres in Dent County that may represent one of the largest remnant Ozark prairies. Because no one is conserving or even investigating Ozark prairies, we have no idea of their current extent or condition; a fact that finds me staring at the ceiling on many a sleepless night.
The areas surrounding the few remnants I've seen consist of large fescue fields with odd jigsaw puzzled borders of tree line. I do not believe that these jigsaw puzzle borders are a coincidence. I suspect they represent historic prairie woodland interfaces. If only we had more time, more resources, more people with the requisite aptitude and fervor for natural community protection and restoration we might save some shining examples of this wholly unique clash between prairie and Ozark histories; this living example of explosive biological dynamism. Perhaps the first step is just getting people to see, in the hope that in seeing they will understand. And sometimes understanding is all we can ask for.
Posted by Justin R. Thomas at 9:13 PM 8 comments:
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Danville is located in Danville county and has a population of 48,411.
Forensic Accounting schools in Danville charged students an average tuition of $9,257.00 if they were Virginia residents, and $10,548.00 if they were non-residents, during the 2009 - 2010 school year.
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text: Not concrete yet but I think I may have to make this decision. Im due to deploy in 4 weeks. I want to do my class 1 for obviouse reasons and if I dont do it puts me a year behind my peers and delays any MTI posts that I wanted. I want to do the tour, Ive been screaming out for a tour for the 5 years I've been in and this is the first one I've got and possibly the last for a good few years. I think the right decision is to do the class 1, but I'm, leaning towards the tour. Its a TSS class 1 btw, 6 weeks long, so realy dont understand why I cant just fly back for it but thats the rules now.


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Think about cooking dinner in the kitchen. The table is set and dinner is in the oven. The timer indicates you have at least 15 minutes before supper will be ready. This is a great time to take one drawer and open it up to purge and then organize.
Where Can You Apply the "5-Minute Challenge" While You're Making Supper?
- What about the linen closet?
- Your dresser?
- Those shoes?
What are some areas in your life that need a 5-minute challenge? Conversely, what useful little tips and tricks do you already use to help stay organized?
You might be interested in these posts, too!
Kim Pittman
Latest posts by Kim Pittman (see all)
- How to Curb Kitchen Clutter During the Holidays - December 28, 2015
- 4 Steps to Take the "Frazzle" Out of Last Minute Meal Prep - August 24, 2015
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