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KDE4 Productivity Tips and TricksSubmitted by Roy Schestowitz on Friday 14th of November 2014 10:41:49 PM Filed under
Time is money, so I set up my main PC for maximum productivity. Everything I use the most is no more than a click away, and I have a batch of fave useful CLI and keyboard shortcuts and commands. Life is too short to wade through inefficient GUIs. I like all Linux graphical environments, and the one I keep coming back to the most is KDE. I loved it when it was pixely and not very pretty and had tons of customizability, and now it is sleek and gorgeous and has tons of customizability.
HighDPI in KDE ApplicationsSubmitted by Rianne Schestowitz on Friday 14th of November 2014 12:05:16 PM Filed under
Recently I was asked about the state of High DPI in KDE Applications, by someone with a fancy screen.
In Plasma we have our own solution for solving the HighDPI problem, as we were working with new code where we provide the styling, this is all fairly straightforward. However, this doesn't work for applications which have a lot of existing code we need to bring this feature to.
This upcoming release of Qt (5.4) brings us everything we need to support High DPI in our applications. It's not going to be useful for end users just now, but this is a time where we need each and every developer to start getting interested and making sure their applications are ready.
Support requires at least one line of change in every application.
The New and Improved KDE Plasma 5.1.1 Desktop Is OutSubmitted by Rianne Schestowitz on Wednesday 12th of November 2014 09:08:07 PM Filed under
The KDE Community has announced that Plasma 5.1.1 has been released and it should be considered a maintenance update. The latest version in this series was made available only a month ago and the developers are moving very fast.
KDE Ships November Bugfix Release of Plasma 5Submitted by Rianne Schestowitz on Wednesday 12th of November 2014 05:36:18 AM Filed under
Today KDE releases a bugfix update to Plasma 5, versioned 5.1.1. Plasma 5 was released in July with many feature refinements and streamlining the existing codebase of KDE's popular desktop for developers to work on for the years to come.
Q&A with Aaron Seigo: How Kolab Systems Uses Open Source and LinuxSubmitted by Roy Schestowitz on Tuesday 11th of November 2014 08:34:18 PM Filed under
I've been involved since around 2001, during which time I've worked on a number of areas within the community. I ended up maintaining the panels and parts of the desktop shell in KDE's 3.x desktop and from there ended up doing the ground-up redesign of the shell we now know as Plasma.
That introduced some radical (at the time) concepts such as device-independent UIs, strong business/UI separation, animation rich interfaces, visual integration of desktop services and visual distinction between the desktop shell and applications running in them.
Outside of technical work, I was also president of KDE's global non-profit foundation, KDE e.V., and oversaw improvements in how we manage intellectual property, standardizing developer sprints, rigorous reporting and more. It was during this time that I was named one of the top 50 most influential people in IT by silicon.com.
Kubuntu 14.10 Utopic Unicorn - That's betterSubmitted by Roy Schestowitz on Tuesday 11th of November 2014 08:45:15 AM Filed under
Kubuntu has one definite advantage. It's predictable. Predictable in the sense that it will never give you a fully satisfying experience out of the box, and it will do its best to be controversial, bi-polar and restrained by default. You get a very good and modern system, but then it's almost purposefully crippled by boredom, a conservative choice of programs and missing functionality. Why, oh why. It could be such a shiny star.
Utopic Unicorn is a pretty solid release, but it does suffer from some alarming issues. The graphics stack, first and foremost. Desktop effects are also missing, and Samba printing is simply disappointing. The rest worked fine, the system was robust, there's good evidence of polish and improvements, but then it lacks pride and color. I would say 8/10, but that's not enough to win people's hearts. We've all been there, every six months, so something new is needed. Maybe Plasma 5? Aha! Stay tuned.
Franklin Weng: The strength behind open source is the strength of contributingSubmitted by Roy Schestowitz on Monday 10th of November 2014 07:19:54 PM Filed under
Franklin is a 39 year old FOSS activist based in Taipei. He has coordinated KDE's zh_TW translation team since 2006, and is the core developer of ezgo (Chinese), a compilation of educational software used by schools all over Taiwan. ezgo, which in its Linux installation uses KDE by default, blends more than 100 free software applications into one localized, easy to use package.
Release of KDE Frameworks 5.4.0Submitted by Rianne Schestowitz on Thursday 6th of November 2014 05:47:59 PM Filed under
KDE Frameworks are 60 addon libraries to Qt which provide a wide variety of commonly needed functionality in mature, peer reviewed and well tested libraries with friendly licensing terms. For an introduction see the Frameworks 5.0 release announcement.
Early announce: Qt4 removal in Jessie+1Submitted by Rianne Schestowitz on Thursday 6th of November 2014 08:19:19 AM Filed under
We the Debian Qt/KDE Team want to early-announce [maintainer warning] our decision to remove Qt4 from Jessie+1. This warning is mostly targeted at upstreams.
Qt4 has been deprecated since Qt5's first release on December 19th 2012, that means almost two years ago!
So far we had bugfixes-only releases, but upstream has announced that they will end this support on august 2015. This already means we will have to do a special effort from that point on for Jessie in case RC bugs appears, so having it in Jessie+1 is simply a non-go.
Plasma-nm 0.9.3.5 releaseSubmitted by Roy Schestowitz on Wednesday 5th of November 2014 10:48:12 PM Filed under
I just want to inform you (those who are still running KDE 4) that we released a new version of your favorite network applet. This new release brings to you many bug fixes and should make your life easier. We really recommend to update to the new version as we, not intentionally, introduced some new issues in the previous version. Together with the new release of plasma-nm we also released our libnm-qt library which is also needed if you want to have fixes from plasma-nm properly working.
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A Short MATE Desktop 1.17 Review in February 2017
MATE 1.17 is a testing release, it has no official announcement like 1.16 stable release (odd = unstable, even = stable). But what made me interested is because Ubuntu MATE 17.04 includes it by default so I write this short review. The most fundamental news is about MATE Desktop is now completely ported to GTK+3 leaving behind GTK+2. You may be interested seeing few changes and I have tried Ubuntu MATE 17.04 Alpha 2 to review MATE 1.17 below. Enjoy MATE 1.17! Also: What's up with the hate towards Freedesktop?
Linux Graphics
Linux From Scratch 8.0 Released, Adding Major Changes
Linux From Scratch is a book which can be used to build an independent Linux distribution which doesn't use any other Linux distribution as a base. It teaches you how things work under the hood and how to compile software and build your own Linux system. The guide is also free for all. BLFS (Beyond Linux from Scratch) is an additional guide which will take you through graphical user interfaces setup, printing support, networking and more. It also contains a lot of great information.
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'Tis the season for sweets, but too many treats equal a lot of sugar and calories. Is there an alternative to sugar that you can use in your favorite recipes that will allow you to have your cake and eat it too? If you're looking to lighten the caloric load of some of your...
Consistency is the key to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, right? But how do you know when it's time to change your routine? While consistency is good, here are a few signs that may indicate that it's time to change your current workout.
Performance tape—also known as kinesiology or k-tape—has become increasingly popular in recent years. Learn about the potential benefits of performance tape and the questions you need to answer before recommending it to your clients.

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› extremely and uncomfortably hot:
In the summer, it's sweltering in the smaller classrooms.
(Definition of "sweltering" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
(Definition of "sweltering" from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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to (cause someone to) be in a position in which the lower part of the body is resting on a seat or other type of support, with the upper part of the body vertical


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It was so dirty and smelly that we couldn't even sleep there. The best thing about it was that we left and got another hotel Everything. You should not list this online at all
convience for my travel We lost electrical power in the early morning. The office had power, why I don't know
Heidelberg Inn Motel was founded in 1984. Heidelberg Inn Motel specializes in Motels.
Frankenmuth is 5.8 miles from this motel in Bridgeport, Michigan. Classic guest rooms at Heidelberg Motel include free Wi-Fi and cable TV. A microwave, refrigerator and coffee facilities are provided in every room. Each simple room offers air conditioning and carpeted floors. The motel offers a daily continental breakfast and free parking. Bronners Christmas Wonderland is 6.2 miles away....


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Green Chili Macaroni and Cheese
For ages, Southwestern cooks have been adding a spicy touch to this much-loved classic. Jalapeno-spiked soy ||cheese|| and a little chipotle chili to lend great flavor as well as pleasant heat. The texture and taste of fresh bread crumbs more than make up for the small effort required.
Ingredient Line:
8 oz. uncooked elbow macaroni (2 cups)
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2 slices white bread, coarsely torn
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2 Tbs. finely chopped fresh cilantro
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½ tsp. salt
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¼ tsp. dry mustard
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2 Tbs. unsalted butter or margarine
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⅓ cup finely chopped onion
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½ to 1 tsp. canned chipotle chili in adobo sauce
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1 scallion (white and light green parts), finely chopped
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2 Tbs. all-purpose flour
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1 ½ cups plain soy milk
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5 oz. jalapeno soy cheese, shredded (1 ½ cups )
- Coat 8-inch square baking dish with cooking spray; set aside. Preheat broiler. Bring medium saucepan of lightly salted water to a boil. Add macaroni; stir to prevent sticking. Cook until just tender, about 6 minutes. Drain well and set aside.
- Meanwhile, in food processor or blender, whirl bread to coarse crumbs. Transfer to small bowl. Stir in cilantro, salt and mustard and set aside.
- In large saucepan, melt butter over medium heat. Add onion, chipotle and scallion and cook, stirring often, until onion is tender, about 4 minutes. Stir in flour. Cook, stirring, until mixture is fragrant, 1 to 2 minutes.
- Stir in 1/4 cup soy milk until no lumps remain. Stir in another 1/2 cup milk until smooth, then remaining 3/4 cup milk. Increase heat to medium-high and cook, stirring, until mixture boils gently and thickens enough to leave a track on bottom of pot behind spoon, about 2 minutes. Stir in "cheese" just until melted. Stir in macaroni until coated.
- Transfer macaroni mixture to prepared baking dish and sprinkle with reserved crumbs. Broil just until top is browned, about 1 1/2 minutes, watching carefully to prevent burning. Serve hot.
Nutrition Information:
21 g
Total Fat:
16 g
Saturated Fat:
5 g
39 g
16 mg
745 mg
1 g
0 g
4 to 6 Servings


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Give Your Fancy Full Scope with Dress The Monkey Game for iOS
Posted by Adam | Jun 16, 2011 | Comments 0
Apalon is pleased to present their new free game Dress The Monkey – Fashion Monkey 1.0 for iOS. Made for the kids who love fashion and dream of becoming famous fashion designers, the app gives users the ability to select various pieces to put together a unique outfit for one of four monkeys. Once a style has been completed, users can share the customized monkey's look with friends and family via email, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, or save it as wallpaper.


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H&K HK45 V1 Semi Auto Pistol .45 ACP 4.46" Barrel 10 Rounds Polymer Frame OD Green 745001GG-A5
- All firearm sales are final. NO RETURNS.
- Return to manufacturer for warranty service.
- Actual buyer must pickup from FFL dealer who will conduct the background check. Learn more
- Firearm transfer must be the actual transferee/buyer. Click here to see BATFE form "Transaction Record Part 1".
- Firearms are only available for purchase online.
- Purchasing a Firearm Online
Integral MIL STD 1913 (Picatinny) rail molded into the polymer frame dust cover for mounting lights, laser aimers, and other accessories.
Ergonomic grip profiles with user replaceable grip panels to adjust the feel and grip circumference of the weapon to suit individual operator hand size and shooting preference.
HK45 grip-to-slide angle matches Model 1911s profile.
Common high-capacity metal magazines with a capacity of 10 rounds (for both HK45 and HK45 Compact models).
Ambidextrous controls with dual slide releases and enlarged magazine release.
Uses the proven modified Browning linkless recoil operating system.
O-ring barrel for precise barrel to slide lockup.
Polygonal rifling for longer barrel life and better accuracy.
Improved ergonomic control levers safety and/or decocking.
Low profile drift adjustable 3-dot sights.
Contoured and radius slide with forward slide grasping grooves and anti-glare longitudinal ribs.
Color: Green
Caliber: 45 ACP
Capacity: 10 Rounds
Overall Length: 8.03"
Overall Height: 5.91"
Overall Width w/Lever: 1.54"
Barrel Length: 4.46"
Weigth w/Mag: 31.2 oz
- Add your selected firearm(s) to your shopping cart and check out.
- Select a local Federal Firearms Licensed (FFL) Dealer that will accept the firearm and complete the transfer. Find a FFL Dealer HERE.
- If you choose an FFL Dealer that is not on our preferred list, you or your FFL Dealer will be required to fax or email us a signed copy of the Federal Firearms License referencing your Cheaper Than Dirt! order number.
- Pick up your firearm from the FFL Dealer, who will need to do a background check. Transfer fees may apply.
Federal law requires firearms to be shipped to FFL Dealers. For an individual to receive a firearm from Cheaper Than Dirt! it must be shipped to an FFL Dealer in your state.Locating a Federal-Firearm License Dealer (FFL) in Your Area
There are thousands of FFL Dealers in the United States. You may choose an FFL Dealer from our preferred listing or you may find a dealer in your area. To find a list of FFL Dealers in your area area CLICK HERE. If you choose a dealer that is not on our preferred list, either you or the FFL Dealer will be required to submit a copy of the Federal Firearms License referencing your Cheaper Than Dirt! order number. The FFL Dealer will usually charge a fee to conduct the transfer. There are duties that the FFL Dealer is required to do during the process which include a background check. Remember, the FFL Dealer is doing you a favor and the process takes time to complete. Fees can vary so check with the FFL Dealer ahead of time to request a quote on the fees associated with your firearm transfer. The FFL Dealer is in business to make a profit and your internet purchase may be viewed as competition to their retail business. If you feel the fees are too high, you can search for another FFL Dealer.Completing the Transaction
Once you place the firearm in your cart and checkout you will receive a confirmation email that has your order number and further instructions. We will verify the FFL license and also make the FFL Dealer aware that an order from Cheaper Than Dirt! will soon be arriving for you. Most orders are processed within 2-3 business days from the time we receive and verify the FFL Dealers information. Once shipped, your firearm will arrive at the FFL Dealer within 3-7 days business days. The FFL Dealer will begin processing the shipment. It may be an additional day or so before the FFL Dealer is ready to conduct the transfer of the firearm to you. Call the FFL Dealer and set an appointment to confirm that the firearm is ready to be transferred.Please note! All Firearm Sales are Final
It is important to thoroughly inspect your firearm before completion of the transfer. Once the firearm is transferred into your name, Cheaper Than Dirt! will not accept a return or exchange under any circumstance. If a defect is discovered after completing the transfer, you must contact the manufacturer directly for repair or replacement.


text: You Can Now Get Married On Dubai's Burj Al Arab HelipadPaul Thompson4/29/14 11:05amFiled to: DubaiWeddingsFlight Club401EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink If you love aviation, and your future bride looks sexy with wind-blown hair, tell her to ask the Sheikh if you can recite your nuptials atop Dubai's seven-star Burj Al Arab hotel, on their helipad. Starting at only $55,000, Dad will still be able to afford that Bugatti he's been eying. Advertisement I have no doubt that the hotel could help you throw the party of the century (for a cost way higher than $55,000). The price includes a trip to the hotel in either their Rolls-Royce Phantom or their Augusta 109 helicopter. Tough call for me, but I'm going with the helicopter. I can picture the optional add-ons making the sticker price go up faster than Dubai's skyline. Your festivities can include private tastings with the hotel's Executive Chef Maxime Luvara and a wedding cake planning session with Pastry Chef Johannes Bonin. Head Sommelier Dimitar Dimitriov will help you select drinks for your party. Special access can be arranged for you to spend time shopping alone at all of the top fashion design houses and jewelers as well.But seriously though, in a land on par with Las Vegas in terms of everything being over-the-top, this is a pretty cool opportunity if you can swing the finances. After all, skydiving weddings are so cliche. The helipad at the Burj Al Arab has been the scene of some other pretty sweet events — Federer vs Agassi, a Rory McIlroy hole-in-one, and a donut spinning burnout by Formula One Champion David Coulthard.In addition to the wind up there, don't forget the heat. As I write this, it's 105.8 degrees at the hotel, so just imagine your bride's perfectly-done make up running right off her face. I can't honestly picture the helipad itself making a good wedding venue. Sure, the views would make a perfect backdrop for a few quick photos, but I'd recommend keeping your festivities indoors. Advertisement Sources: PR Newswire / PursuitistReply40 repliesLeave a reply


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This featured quilt is by Donna Hanley from Cincinnatus, New York.
"Once I chose colors, I needed to decide on what to use for the center focus square of each block. Again I turned to Bonnie for inspiration and opted to use her method of string piecing with a variety of beige fabrics in strips that were cut from 1″ to 2″ wide." - Donna
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Mazda protege 2003 for sale on US's largest classifieds sites (372 results)
2003 *Mazda* *Protege* *ES* 4dr Car
2003 mazda protege for sale
I have a 2003 Mazda protege for sale, the car has 111000 miles, power windows, automatic transmission, alloy wheels, it's 4cyl 1.8L engine very good on gas.... It has rust on the body as it is in the picture... So I'm selling as is for $1500 or best offer. Salvage title in hand..Call or text if
2003 Mazda Protege DX
2003 Mazda Protege DX. Great gas mileage (city 25/highway 31) and excellent condition.4-door sedan, 5 passenger seating, 5-speed manual transmission, 2.0L/4 cylinder, front wheel drive, power steering, cloth seats, rear defrost, rear seat pass through, AM-FM stereo with CD player.
2003 Mazda Protege Protege5 Wagon Hatchback, New Tires obo
2003 Mazda Protege 5
2003 mazda protege speed
Type in phammotorsports,llc in search tab on craigslist to view our inventory:Visit our Website: https://phammotorsportsllc.wixsite.com/performanceFor Sale:2003 mazda protege speed, 2.0 turbo131k miles, 4 cylinder, 5 speed manual transmission, good clutch , fast, all g
2003 MAZDA PROTEGE LX for sale >
One owner car with 74,000 original miles!! 4 cyl., auto., ps., pb., pl., pw., ac., am/fm/cass./cd stereo, tilt wheel, cruise control, 12/17 insp., power sunroof, sport wheels, gold in color with a clean, cloth interior. Runs and drives perfect, very economical!! Great car for student, very dependable ...
2003 Mazda Protege
2003 Mazda Protege LX 4dr Sedan
REAL ECONOMIC CAR FOR ONLY $2999 GAS SAVER COULD BE USE FOR DILEVERY/TRANSPORTATION. LOW MILES ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION WORK FINE EXTRA CLEAN INTERIOR & EXTERIOR.All electrical and optional equipment on this vehicle have been checked and are in perfect working condition
2003 Mazda Protege - 117k - 5 Speed
Here is my rusty but trusty Mazda Protege for sale with only 117,000 miles. It has a 5 speed manual transmission with a strong clutch. The tires are in good condition, brakes work well, and has a quiet exhaust. It averages 35 mpgs and is 100% reliable. Its not the prettiest, but will get you from A to...
2003 Mazda Protege
For sale is a 2003 Mazda Protégé ONLY 105K miles, ONE OWNER, NO ACCIDENTS, NON SMOKER, NO RUST, ADULT OWNED, Automatic transmission, alloy wheels, cd player, keyless entry, power windows, power locks, power steering, power mirrors, serious buyers only to schedule a test drive
Mazda Protege 2003
2003 Mazda Protege LX 4dr Sedan
2003 Mazda MAZDASPEED Protege Speed FWD
Clean Carfax 5 Speed Sedan with Aftermarket Stereo!
Year: 2003, Make: Mazda, Model: MAZDASPEED Protege
2003 Mazda Protege LX
2003 Mazda Protege
2003 Mazda Protege $1,500 OBO
Great car, everything mechanical works great, runs great, I am only selling because I bought a new car and can\'t keep both or else I wouldn\'t get rid of it. Great for winter, just bought it new All Season tires last fall thus my asking price, and never had any problems in the snow. Manual transmissi...
Checkout this clean 2003 Mazda Protege LX 5 Speed with 175k miles and it\'s loaded with power windows, power locks, power mirrors, cd player, cold ac, heat, keyless entry, and more. This is a great little car that\'s fun to drive and gets great mpg. It\'s definitely 110% mechanically sound without any...
Checkout this clean 2003 Mazda Protege LX 5 Speed with 175k miles and it\'s loaded with power windows, power locks, power mirrors, cd player, cold ac, heat, keyless entry, and more. This is a great little car that\'s fun to drive and gets great mpg. It\'s definitely 110% mechanically sound without any...


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AdNet is a management consulting firm blending the best in people with the ongoing demands of the workplace. The team identifies Subject Matter Experts for commercial and government clients with Accounting/Finance, Human Resources and Legal expertise. AdNet's complete solution includes successful project management and strategic coaching.
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Note : Your Quotation Request will be directed to Microsemi.
The AML55L2801 from Microsemi is a RF Amplifier with Frequency 5400 to 5900 MHz, Gain 28 dB, Gain Flatness ± 0.75 dB, Noise Figure 1.6 dB, P1dB 10 dBm. More details for AML55L2801 can be seen below.
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text: Nanjing 2014 59,834pages on this wiki Add New Page Edit History Talk0 Share 2009-2010 2011-2014 The emblem was unveiled on May 19, 2011. V • T • E Youth Olympic Games Summer Singapore 2010 | Nanjing 2014 | Buenos Aires 2018 Winter Innsbruck 2012 | Lillehammer 2016 | Lausanne 2020 Retrieved from "http://logos.wikia.com/wiki/Nanjing_2014?oldid=514596" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: 2014 Summer Youth Olympics Youth Olympics China


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A former Premier League footballer has resigned from his position on the FA's new Inclusion Advisory Board after it was revealed he had suggested in a television interview that homosexuality was "detestable".
The FA initially stood by Michael Johnson, 40, last week after the emergence of reports surrounding his comments on The Big Questions, on BBC One in 2012. But the former Notts County, Birmingham City and Derby County defender has now stepped down from the board, which is due to meet for the first time this month.
When asked on the programme whether he would support the fight against


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SAPPHIRE Announces EDGE-HD2 Mini PC
Building on the success of its first Mini PC, hailed as the smallest PC in the world, SAPPHIRE Technology - the world leading manufacturer and supplier of PC graphics cards and mainboards has just introduced a new model - the SAPPHIRE EDGE-HD2. The SAPPHIRE EDGE-HD2 shares the same slim, stylish outline as the earlier model but delivers slightly higher performance and is now also available with a pre-loaded operating system. At less than half a litre in volume, it is slimmer and smaller than most wireless access points - in fact around the size of a paperback book! Its stylish design and simple pedestal mount make it equally at home next to a TV or business monitor whilst occupying the minimum of desk or shelf space.
Responding to customer demand, the new SAPPHIRE EDGE-HD2 is available optionally pre-loaded with Windows 7 Ultimate Edition, and this version is available with a VESA compatible mount to allow it to be unobtrusively fitted behind a monitor or TV.
Despite its small size, the SAPPHIRE EDGE-HD2 is a fully featured PC for home, education or business use. Specifications include a second generation 1.8GHz dual core processor, 2GB of DDR3 memory, a 320GB hard drive and built in wireless connectivity as well as high speed LAN port and four USB ports. It provides high resolution graphics output with a full HD (1920x1080) HDMI interface (with an HDMI cable and HDMI-DVI adapter also supplied) as well as a VGA monitor output and it has built-in audio with mic-in and line-out sockets. All of this makes it more than capable of handling day to day Office tasks as well as streaming video or browsing the Internet.
The SAPPHIRE Mini PC family is a top scorer in power efficiency. Consuming less than 30W even under load, the members of the SAPPHIRE Mini PC family use around 10 times less power than a typical desktop PC - and less than most notebooks - making it one of the Greenest PC solutions available. Power and space savings alone can justify switching to the Mini PC for many businesses*.
The SAPPHIRE EDGE-HD2 Mini PC is ideal for integration into an office or education environment. The end user or system integrator has a free choice of keyboard or mouse, which can be either wireless or USB connected.
The new SAPPHIRE EDGE-HD2 is optionally supplied pre-installed with Windows 7 Ultimate edition, or pre-loaded with FREE DOS, ready for the reseller or end user to install the preferred choice of operating system. All appropriate drivers are supplied on CD.
SAPPHIRE EDGE-HD2 Specifications:
CPU: Intel Atom D525 1.8GHz with 1 MB Cache
RAM: 2 GB DDR3-800 MHz
Storage: 2.5'' SATA 320GB HDD
Graphics: nVidia ION2 with 512MB RAM
LAN: Built-in Ethernet supporting 10/100/1000 Mbps
WIFI: Built-in WIFI supporting IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
I/O: VGA x1, HDMI x1, RJ45x 1, 4 x USB 2.0 Ports, Audio-In x1, Line Out x1
Power: AC 100~240V 50/60Hz,19v~3.42A 65W
Dimensions: 19.3(L) X 14.8(W) X 2.2(H) cm
Weight: 530g
Operating System: Optional Pre-installed Windows 7 or FREE DOS
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© Vattenfall AB Launching of the second European Climate Change Programme (ECCP II) Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB Stockholm/Berlin Stakeholder Conference Brussels 24th October 2005
© Vattenfall AB 2 Whos got the problem ?
© Vattenfall AB 3 ECCP I - experiences CO 2 free power plant
© Vattenfall AB Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB Cost and Potential of options to reduce CO 2 emissions Principal example Cost for carbon dioxide avoidance [EUR/ton CO 2 ] Potential [Percent] Hydro Solar Wind Biofuel Reforestation CO 2 sequestration Coal to gas Coal to coal Oil to gas Late change coal The picture will look different when different time perspectives are adopted Picture is from 2000
© Vattenfall AB 5 Reductions of CO2 – What ECCP 1 gave The ECCP 1 work identified a number of measures which could to be taken. Without agreement among all, it was concluded that almost 30 % reduction could be reached at a cost below 50 /ton CO 2 –Change from coal to gas –Introduce more efficient coal power technology –Wind power –Biofuels, especially in the heat sector –More CHP
© Vattenfall AB 6 Cost and Potential of options to reduce CO 2 emissions until 2010 Derived from ECCP Energy Supply Preliminary report. Cost for carbon dioxide avoidance [EUR/ton CO 2 ] Potential [Percent] Solar Wind CO 2 sequestration Methane mines Biomass heat Coal to gas Biomass heat CHP Coal to Coal
© Vattenfall AB 7 Reductions of CO2 – What we have learned (2) Now, after 4 years we have learned a few things: –We will remain to be dependant on fossil fuels for a long time –Change from coal to gas has not happened Due to high gas prices and lack of long time confidence –Building new efficient coal - yes Several large plants have been built and at least seven large units under way. –Wind power has severe limitations Cost lies about 70 – 90 /MWh When capacity (MWs) exceeds about 10 % in an area, the system cannot take any more, need for extra transmission and reserve power MW wind leads to that conventional power can only be reduced MW according to one study
© Vattenfall AB 8 Reductions of CO 2 – What we have learned (3) –Biofuels are used, especially in the heat sector. All district heat and CHP is using biofuel in Sweden today (140 TWh fuel) To maintain competitiveness for bio fuels, it is necessary to keep CO 2 tax in parallel with the trading system, at a level of 75 /ton of CO2 Biofuel usage has reached its limit in Sweden. 45 % of the fuel is imported from Russia, Baltic states and Canada ! –CHP is built wherever possible Few opportunities left
© Vattenfall AB 9 Reductions of CO 2 – What we have learned (3) Carbon Capture and Storage CCS has gained much recognition and development is going fast. –Many countries have recognized CCS as a powerful tool and have introduced it in their plans to fulfill their environmental goals The USA, UK, Australia, France, Germany among many others –CCS does cost 20 – 25 /ton CO2 ECCP 1 assumed 50 /ton of CO2 –Storage capacity exceeds the remaining fossil fuel reserves –Storage in geological formations is available all over the world, all over Europe, off-shore and on-shore –CCS will not be available in a large scale until 2015 –2020 ECCP 1 assumed before 2010 –CCS can probably reach half of the mitigation necessary to reach our long term goals of 60 – 80 % of reduction until 2050
© Vattenfall AB 10 Emission Trading Emission Trading sets the commercial framework for new technology in Europe
© Vattenfall AB 11 European CO 2 trading system Sept. 2005
© Vattenfall AB 12 Allocations in the European trading system In total units is included in the trading system. In the National allocation plans Mton/year or 6300 Mtons for three years have been distributed. This is the roof set for emissions. The deficit is calculated to 180 Mton for 3 years. The power industry has a deficit of 360 Mton. Other sectors have an overallocation.
© Vattenfall AB 13 Marginal cost vs. Reduction of CO2 emissions in EUR/ton CO2 Source: ECOFYS Economic evaluation of sectorial reduction objectives for climate change The price in Sept 2005 is about 24 /ton CO2 ???
© Vattenfall AB 14 Capture and storage Capture and storage of CO 2
© Vattenfall AB 15 The CO 2 free Power Plant principle The principle of capture and storage of the CO 2 under ground The CO 2 can be captured either from the flue gases, or is the carbon captured from the fuel before the combustion process. The CO2 is cleaned and compressed. Then it is pumped as a liquid down into a porous rock formation for permanent storage.
© Vattenfall AB 16 Storage and transport CO 2 free power plant
© Vattenfall AB 17 Storage of CO 2 in a Saline Aquifer under the North Sea The Sleipner field. Oil and gas production facilities. (Source: STATOIL ) CO 2 -injection into the saline aquifer Utsira. (Source:STATOIL)
© Vattenfall AB 18 Storage Capacity, saline aquifers There exists more storage capacity within Eorope (and in the world) than the remaining fossil fuels Source: Franz May, Peter Gerling, Paul Krull Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover
© Vattenfall AB 19 CO 2 Transport and storage Schweinrich structure Two pipeline transport routes are possible Both routes can be designed to follow existing pipeline corridors >90% Structure can contain 1,4 billion ton of CO2, equivalent to about emissions from 6000 MW their whole lifetime Berlin
© Vattenfall AB 20 Reservoir simulation – 40 year model Due to buoyancy, the CO 2 strive against the top of the formation The CO 2 spreads in the whole reservoir Conclusion: It is possible to inject 400 Mt CO 2 Injection at flanks
© Vattenfall AB 21 Geological structure modelling. Schweinrich 10 years 200 years 500 years 2000 years 5000 years years
© Vattenfall AB 22 Capture CO 2 free power plant
© Vattenfall AB 23 Post-combustion capture This technology is already commercially available in large scale (500 MW). It is at present the most expensive
© Vattenfall AB 24 Pre-combustion capture This technology needs development. Might be competitive. The gasifier exists in demo plants. The turbine is in the lab stage. Produces Hydrogen as an intermediary product
© Vattenfall AB 25 O 2 /CO 2 combustion is the preferred option at present At present the most competitive and preferred technology for coal. It needs development, pilot and demo plants to get design data
© Vattenfall AB 26 Total generation cost of electricity with CO 2 penalty
© Vattenfall AB 27 Generation cost with and without CO 2 capture
© Vattenfall AB 28 Electricity generation costs CC CO2 capt.PF oxyfuelCCPF
© Vattenfall AB 29 Generation costs incl. CO 2 costs (20 /ton) PFCCPF oxyfuelCC CO2 capt.
© Vattenfall AB 30 Avoidance costs of CO 2 PF with CO 2 capture Gas CC with CO 2 capt Avoidance costs
© Vattenfall AB Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB Cost and Potential of options to reduce CO 2 emissions Principal example Cost for carbon dioxide avoidance [EUR/ton CO 2 ] Potential [Percent] Hydro Solar Wind Biofuel El CO 2 Capture and Storage Coal to gas Oil to gas New efficient coal New Picture 2005 including recent knowledge Savings Biofuel Heat
© Vattenfall AB 32 Carbon capture and storage from Coal fired Power plants can be done at a cost close to 20 /ton CO2 –Capture at about 15 /ton of CO2 –Storage at lower than 2 /ton CO2 –Transport depending on distance and volume, but 5 /ton of CO2 for large plants on shore More than enough storage capacity on shore and off shore is at hand in saline aquifers Technology choice is not yet made. Oxyfuel is preferred technology in Vattenfall at present The commercial choice stands between Gasfired CC without CCS, taking the penalty of CO2 emission, and Coal fired plants with CCS Conclusions from analysis - Reduction of CO 2 Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB Corporate Strategies
© Vattenfall AB 33 Taking responsibilty Lord Oxburgh, former chairman of Shell Transport and Trading: "CCS is absolutely essential if the world is serious about limiting greenhouse gas emissions The new report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes: CCS could achieve more than half of the emissions reductions necessary to mitigate climate change up to 2100 Vattenfall agrees with this. We also believe CCS is needed to fulfill our climate goals
© Vattenfall AB 34 Back up CO 2 free power plant
© Vattenfall AB 35 The Climate Change The Climate Change problem is for real EU ministers have agreed on, that we have to reduce the emissions to maintain a reasonable CO2 concentration in atmosphere –15 – 30 % until 2030 –60 – 80 % until 2050 A radical solution is necessary. We cannot wait
© Vattenfall AB 36 CO 2 storage cost Fictive cost calculations using tool developed in EU-funded GESTCO project: Storage at Schweinrich of 10 Mton CO 2 per year over 40 years:
© Vattenfall AB 37 CO 2 transport cost: Transport to Schweinrich from Schwarze Pumpe power plant: Distance 320 km 10 Mton CO 2 per year over 40 years:
© Vattenfall AB 38 Pilot Plant CO 2 free power plant
© Vattenfall AB 39 Construction area
© Vattenfall AB 40 Boxberg IV Why Oxy-fuel technology ? We work with all three (four) technologies, but: Oxyfuel technology is the technology giving lowest costs at present It is suitable for coal and have relatively little development work left We can build on our good experience with present PF technology
© Vattenfall AB 41 Analysis of some technology options CO 2 free power plant
© Vattenfall AB 42 CO 2 Free Power Plant: Technology Choice The ultimate technology choice is not clear yet. Several technologies will probably be applied to different commercial situations. Post combustion capture. –At present the most expensive option but commercially available in large size. –Can be applied to existing plants. –Needs no demo. Optimization of existing options needed. Pre combustion capture. –The most complicated technology. IGCC demos have not been successful –Produces hydrogen as integrated intermediate fuel for the power process, from coal or gas. –Development need for the gas turbine run on hydrogen – Lab tests + pilot + demo CO 2 /O 2 (oxy-fuel) capture –The most preferred option at present –Technology straight forward and builds on the modern supercritical coal fired boilers –Tests in technical scale positive. Needs pilot plant and demo plant Chemical Looping technology is the most interesting long term option. –Lab experiments very encouraging.
© Vattenfall AB 43 Specific data for the plants Options for reduction of CO 2 Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB Corporate Strategies PFCCPF oxyfuel CC with capture Specific Investment costs /kWe Additional investment mio Power output MW Energy penalty MW18095 Efficiency %456036,549
© Vattenfall AB 44 Common data used for the four plants: Options for reduction of CO 2 Coal Price50 $/ton ~ 5,7 /MWh Gas price13 /MWh Depreciation time25 years Interest rate10%
© Vattenfall AB 45 The Problem Fossil fuels are needed –Analysis show that fossil fuels will remain as major energy source in 2030 ( 85 %) The top priority is to introduce renewable energy sources in the energy system –All analysis show that renewable energy sources will play a large role, but not large enough and soon enough In several countries nuclear power is decommissioned No renewable energy source not known today can play a significant role in 25 years from now, i.e Emissions from fossil fuels must be reduced
© Vattenfall AB 46 Schwarze Pumpe power plant
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Virtual Walk
IDF Walk for Primary Immunodeficiency unites people touched by primary immunodeficiency diseases (PI) to help create better lives for individuals living with these rare, chronic disorders. The walks provide a unique opportunity to for the PI community to come together to raise funds for critical materials, programs, and research for thousands of people who are searching for answers and support. IDF Walk for PI has raised over $2 million for the Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF) since 2013 and will continue its efforts to create a better future for generations to come.
In 2016, we have 12 National Walk Sites across the country, but we want the entire community to get involved from anywhere at any time! The Virtual IDF Walk for PI is the perfect opportunity to show your support even if you are unable attend any of our National Walks.
Virtual IDF Walk for PI participants are still eligible to earn one of our fantastic prizes such as our IDF Walk for PI t-shirt, which is awarded to those who raise their first $100! All you have to do is create a team, and start raising funds! Here's how:
- Register online at www.walkforPI.org/virtual
- Personalize your page!
- Send emails and ask for donations.
It is our mission to get the entire PI community involved in IDF Walk for PI, so your participation is absolutely critical. As a virtual walker, you are free to work around your busy schedule and can even host an event to celebrate your accomplishments, such as a BBQ, a potluck dinner, or a walk in your local park. Get creative! Be sure to take pictures of your events and share them on our IDF Walk for PI Facebook Page!
IDF Walk for PI is an incredible opportunity for all of us to join together across the country, raise critical funds, and remind patients and families that they are not alone. Together, we can make a difference. Register now!
*If you live near one of our walk sites, we encourage you to register with that particular walk, instead of the virtual walk, even if you cannot be present the day of the event.


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This media chest features one drop down door with grommet holes for wire management, felt line second drawer and cedar lined bottom drawer. Each drawer features dovetail drawer construction, drawer interior with color finish and ball bearing drawer glides. Dark bronze colored knobs and bun feet complement the burnished brown finish of this media chest. Place a TV on top and place in your bedroom or entertainment room.
The Porter Media Chest with Drop Drawer by Ashley Furniture at Becker Furniture World in the Twin Cities, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Minnesota area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
Welcome the Porter Collection to your home to bring a rustic and traditional feel. This collection features dining and bedroom pieces that are made with select cherry veneer and hardwood solids in a burnished brown finish. Drawers feature a dark bronze colored knob and back plate with dovetail construction, ball bearing drawer glides and felt or cedar lined drawer bottoms. Turned legs, bun feet, paneled drawers and double X designs are featured throughout this collection. Transform your home into a warm, inviting and comfortable haven for you and your family to enjoy with the Porter Collection.
The Porter collection is a great option if you are looking for Traditional furniture in the Twin Cities, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Minnesota area.
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
Browse other items in the Porter collection from Becker Furniture World in the Twin Cities, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Minnesota area.
This item has been tagged as: Chests, Storage Chest, Toy Chest, Chest of Drawers, Hope Chest, Drawer Chest, Dresser, Bureau, Furniture, Bedroom Furniture, Bedroom Accent Furniture, Clothing Storage, Gentlemen's Chest, Cabinet, Commode, Trunk, Small Cabinet, Furniture with Drawers, Storage Furniture
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FOSDEM 2017 -- The Machine and ChaosKeys
Yay! I get to go to FOSDEM this year. I'll be speaking about Free Software for The Machine on Sunday afternoon at 14:00 in K.1.105 (La Fontaine).
I'll also be bringing along a number of ChaosKeys and will have them available for either $40 US or €40. You can either bring cash or pre-pay at the Altus Metrum shop.
Hope to see you there.
Finding a Libc for tiny embedded ARM systems
You'd think this problem would have been solved a long time ago. All I wanted was a C library to use in small embedded systems -- those with a few kB of flash and even fewer kB of RAM.
Small system requirements
A small embedded system has a different balance of needs:
Stack space is limited. Each thread needs a separate stack, and it's pretty hard to move them around. I'd like to be able to reliably run with less than 512 bytes of stack.
Dynamic memory allocation should be optional. I don't like using malloc on a small device because failure is likely and usually hard to recover from. Just make the linker tell me if the program is going to fit or not.
Stdio doesn't have to be awesomely fast. Most of our devices communicate over full-speed USB, which maxes out at about 1MB/sec. A stdio setup designed to write to the page cache at memory speeds is over-designed, and likely involves lots of buffering and fancy code.
Everything else should be fast. A small CPU may run at only 20-100MHz, so it's reasonable to ask for optimized code. They also have very fast RAM, so cycle counts through the library matter.
Available small C libraries
I've looked at:
μClibc. This targets embedded Linux systems, and also appears dead at this time.
musl libc. A more lively project; still, definitely targets systems with a real Linux kernel.
dietlibc. Hasn't seen any activity for the last three years, and it isn't really targeting tiny machines.
newlib. This seems like the 'normal' embedded C library, but it expects a fairly complete "kernel" API and the stdio bits use malloc.
avr-libc. This has lots of Atmel assembly language, but is otherwise ideal for tiny systems.
pdclib. This one focuses on small source size and portability.
Current AltOS C library
We've been using pdclib for a couple of years. It was easy to get running, but it really doesn't match what we need. In particular, it uses a lot of stack space in the stdio implementation as there's an additional layer of abstraction that isn't necessary. In addition, pdclib doesn't include a math library, so I've had to 'borrow' code from other places where necessary. I've wanted to switch for a while, but there didn't seem to be a great alternative.
What's wrong with newlib?
The "obvious" embedded C library is newlib. Designed for embedded systems with a nice way to avoid needing a 'real' kernel underneath, newlib has a lot going for it. Most of the functions have a good balance between speed and size, and many of them even offer two implementations depending on what trade-off you need. Plus, the build system 'just works' on multi-lib targets like the family of cortex-m parts.
The big problem with newlib is the stdio code. It absolutely requires dynamic memory allocation and the amount of code necessary for 'printf' is larger than the flash space on many of our devices. I was able to get a cortex-m3 application compiled in 41kB of code, and that used a smattering of string/memory functions and printf.
How about avr libc?
The Atmel world has it pretty good -- avr-libc is small and highly optimized for atmel's 8-bit avr processors. I've used this library with success in a number of projects, although nothing we've ever sold through Altus Metrum.
In particular, the stdio implementation is quite nice -- a 'FILE' is effectively a struct containing pointers to putc/getc functions. The library does no buffering at all. And it's tiny -- the printf code lacks a lot of the fancy new stuff, which saves a pile of space.
However, much of the places where performance is critical are written in assembly language, making it pretty darn hard to port to another processor.
Mixing code together for fun and profit!
Today, I decided to try an experiment to see what would happen if I used the avr-libc stdio bits within the newlib environment. There were only three functions written in assembly language, two of them were just stubs while the third was a simple ultoa function with a weird interface. With those coded up in C, I managed to get them wedged into newlib.
Figuring out the newlib build system was the only real challenge; it's pretty awful having generated files in the repository and a mix of autoconf 2.64 and 2.68 version dependencies.
The result is pretty usable though; my STM 32L discovery board demo application is only 14kB of flash while the original newlib stdio bits needed 42kB and that was still missing all of the 'syscalls', like read, write and sbrk.
Here's gitweb pointing at the top of the tiny-stdio tree:
And, of course you can check out the whole thing
git clone git://keithp.com/git/newlib
'master' remains a plain upstream tree, although I do have a fix on that branch. The new code is all on the tiny-stdio branch.
I'll post a note on the newlib mailing list once I've managed to subscribe and see if there is interest in making this option available in the upstream newlib releases. If so, I'll see what might make sense for the Debian libnewlib-arm-none-eabi packages.
Updates to Altos Lisp
I wrote a few days ago about a tiny lisp interpreter I wrote for AltOS
Really, it's almost "done" now, I just wanted to make a few improvements
Incremental Collection
I was on a walk on Wednesday when I figured out that I didn't need to do a full collection every time; a partial collection that only scanned the upper portion of memory would often find plenty of free space to keep working for a while.
To recap, the heap is in two pieces; the ROM piece and the RAM piece. The ROM piece is generated during the build process and never changes afterwards (hence the name), so the only piece which is collected is the RAM piece. Collection works like:
chunk_low = heap base
new_top = heap base
For all of the heap
Find the first 64 live objects above chunk_low
Compact them all to new_top
Rewrite references in the whole heap for them
Set new_top above the new locations
Set chunk_low above the old locations
top = new_top
The trick is to realize that there's really no need to start at the bottom of the heap; you can start anywhere you like and compact stuff, possibly leaving holes below that location in the heap. As the heap tends to have long-lived objects slowly sift down to the beginning, it's useful to compact objects higher than that, skipping the compaction process for the more stable area in memory.
Each time the whole heap is scanned, the top location is recorded. After that, incremental collects happen starting at that location, and when that doesn't produce enough free space, a full collect is done.
The collector now runs a bunch faster on average now.
Binary Searches
I stuck some linear searches in a few places in the code, the first was in the collector when looking to see where an object had moved to. As there are 64 entries, the search is reduced from 32 to 6 compares on average. The second place was in the frame objects, which hold the list of atom/value bindings for each lexical scope (including the global scope). These aren't terribly large, but a binary search is still a fine plan. I wanted to write down here the basic pattern I'm using for binary searches these days, which avoids some of the boundary conditions I've managed to generate in the past:
int find (needle) {
int l = 0;
int r = count - 1;
while (l <= r) {
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (haystack[m] < needle)
l = m + 1;
r = m - 1;
return l;
With this version, the caller can then check to see if there's an exact match, and if not, then the returned value is the location in the array where the value should be inserted. If the needle is known to not be in the haystack, and if the haystack is large enough to accept the new value:
void insert(needle) {
int l = find(needle);
(num - l) * sizeof (haystack[0]));
haystack[l] = needle;
Similarly, if the caller just wants to know if the value is in the array:
bool exists(needle) {
int l = find(needle);
return (l < count && haystack[l] == needle);
Call with Current Continuation
Because the execution stack is managed on the heap, it's completely trivial to provide the scheme-like call with current continuation, which constructs an object which can be 'called' to transfer control to a saved location:
> (+ "hello " (call/cc (lambda (return) (setq boo return) (return "foo "))) "world")
"hello foo world"
> (boo "bar ")
"hello bar world"
> (boo "yikes ")
"hello yikes world"
One thing I'd done previously is dump the entire state of the interpreter on any error, and that included a full stack trace. I adopted that code for printing of these continuation objects:
expr: (call/cc (lambda (return) (set (quote boo) return) (return "foo ")))
state: val
values: (call/cc
sexprs: ()
frame: {}
expr: (+ "hello " (call/cc (lambda (return) (set (quote boo) return) (return "foo "))) "world")
state: formal
values: (+
"hello "
sexprs: ((call/cc (lambda (return) (set (quote boo) return) (return "foo ")))
frame: {}
The top stack frame is about to return from the call/cc spot with a value; supply a value to 'boo' and that's where you start. The next frame is in the middle of computing formals for the + s-expression. It's found the + function, and the "hello " string and has yet to get the value from call/cc or the value of the "world" string. Once the call/cc "returns", that value will get moved to the values list and the sexpr list will move forward one spot to compute the "world" value.
Implementing this whole mechanism took only a few dozen lines of code as the existing stack contexts were already a continuation in effect. The hardest piece was figuring out that I needed to copy the entire stack each time the continuation was created or executed as it is effectively destroyed in the process of evaluation.
I haven't implemented dynamic-wind yet; when I did that for nickle, it was a bit of a pain threading execution through the unwind paths.
Re-using Frames
I decided to try and re-use frames (those objects which hold atom/value bindings for each lexical scope). It wasn't that hard; the only trick was to mark frames which have been referenced from elsewhere as not-for-reuse and then avoid sticking those in the re-use queue. This reduced allocations even further so that for simple looping or tail-calling code, the allocator may never end up being called.
How Big Is It?
I've managed to squeeze the interpreter and all of the rest of the AltOS system into 25kB of Cortex-M0 code. That leaves space for the 4kB boot loader and 3kB of flash to save/restore the 3kB heap across resets.
Adding builtins to control timers and GPIOs would make this a reasonable software load for an Arduino; offering a rather different programming model for those with a taste for adventure. Modern ARM-based Arduino boards have plenty of flash and ram for this. It might be interesting to get this running on the Arduino Zero; there's no real reason to replace the OS either; porting the lisp interpreter into the bare Arduino environment wouldn't take long.
A Tiny Lisp for AltOS
I took a bit of a diversion over the last week or so when I wondered how small a lisp interpreter I could write, and whether I could fit that into one of the processors that AltOS runs on. It turns out, you can write a tiny lisp interpreter that fits in about 25kB of ram with a 3kB heap for dynamic data.
I decided to target our ChaosKey boards; they're tiny, and I've got a lot of them. That processor offers 28kB of usable flash space (after the 4kB boot loader) and 6kB of ram with the processor running at a steaming 48MHz.
I'm not at all sure this is useful, but I always enjoy doing language implementations, and this one presented some 'interesting' challenges:
Limited RAM. I don't have space to do a classic stop/copy collector.
Limited stack. A simple lisp implementation uses the C stack for all recursion in execution and memory collection. I don't have enough ram for that.
Iterative Compacting Allocator
I'm betting someone has built one of these before, but I couldn't find one, so I wrote my own.
The basic strategy is to walk the heap to find a subset of the active objects which are allocated sequentially in memory with only unused storage between them. These objects are then compacted in-place, and then the heap is walked again to update all references to the moved objects. Then, the process is restarted to find another subset and move them.
By looking for these subsets starting at the bottom of the heap, and working upwards towards the top, the whole heap can be compacted into a contiguous chunk at the bottom of memory.
Allocation involves moving a pointer along at the top of active memory; when it gets to the top of the heap, collect and see if there's space now.
As always, the hardest part was to make sure all active memory was tied down. The second hardest part was to make sure that all active pointers were updated after any allocation, in case a collect moved the underlying object. That was just bookkeeping, but did consume much of the development time.
One additional trick was to terminate the recursion during heap walking by flagging active cons cell locations in a global bitmap and then walking that separately, iterating until that bitmap is empty. Nested lambdas form another recursion which should probably get the same approach, but I haven't done that yet.
An unexpected "benefit" of the tiny heap is that the collector gets called a lot, so any referencing bugs will have a good chance of being uncovered in even a short program execution.
ROM-able Lisp
Instead of implementing all of the language in C, I wanted to be able to implement various pieces in Lisp itself. Because of the complex nature of the evaluation process, adding things like 'let' or even 'defun' turn out to be dramatically simpler in Lisp. However, I didn't want to consume bunches of precious RAM to hold these basic functions.
What I did was to create two heaps, one in ROM and the other in RAM. References are be tagged as to which heap they're in.
16-bit Values
Lisp programs use a pile of references. Using a full 32 bits for each one would mean having a lot less effective storage. So, instead, I use an offset from the base of the heap. The top bit of the offset is used to distinguish between the ROM heap and the RAM heap.
I needed a place to store type information, so I settled on using the bottom two bits of the references. This allows for four direct type values. One of these values is used to indicate an indirect type, where the type is stored in the first byte of the object. The direct types are:
|Cons cell
|14-bit int
With 2 tag bits, the allocator needs to work in 32-bit units as the references couldn't point to individual bytes. Finally, I wanted 0 to be nil, so I add four to the offsets within the heaps.
The result is that the ROM and RAM heaps can each cover up to 32k - 4 bytes.
Note that ints are not stored in the heap; instead they are immediate values stored in 14 bits, providing a range of -8192 to 8191. One can imagine wanting more range in ints at some point.
Heap-based Evaluator
A simple lisp implementation uses the fact that eval is re-entrant and do the operation on the C stack:
val eval(val exprs) {
val vals;
while (exprs) {
vals = append(vals, eval(car(exprs)));
exprs = exprs->cdr;
return execute (car(vals), cdr(vals));
This makes things really simple and provides for a clean framework for implementing various bits of lisp, including control flow and macros. However, it rapidly consumes all of the available memory for a stack, while also requiring separate bookkeeping for the in-use memory in each frame.
I replaced this design with one which keeps the lisp stack on the heap, and then performs eval with a state machine with all state stored in global variables so that the memory manager can reference them directly.
Each eval operation is performed in a separate 'stack' context, which holds the entire eval state except for the current value, which lives in a separate global variable and is used to pass values out of one stack frame and into another. When the last stack context is finished, the evaluation terminates and the value is returned to the caller.
There are nine states in the state machine, each of which is implemented in a separate function, making the state machine a simple matter of pulling the current state from the top of the stack and invoking the associated function:
while (ao_lisp_stack) {
if (!(*evals[ao_lisp_stack->state])() || ao_lisp_exception) {
return AO_LISP_NIL;
return ao_lisp_v;
Because there's no C recursion involved, catching exceptions is a simple matter of one test at this level.
Primitives like progn, while, cond and eval all take special magic in the state machine to handle; getting all of that working took several attempts before I found the simple loop shown above.
Lexical Scoping
The last time I did a lisp interpreter, I implemented dynamic scoping. Atoms were all global and had values associated directly with them. Evaluating a lambda started by saving all of the existing global values for the parameter atoms and then binding the new values. When finished, the previous values would be restored. This is almost correct, but provides surprising results for things like:
> (setq baz 1)
> (def foo (lambda (bar) (+ baz bar)))
> (def bletch (lambda (baz) (foo baz)))
> (bletch 2)
The value that foo gets for 'baz' is 2 instead of 1 under dynamic scoping, which most people find surprising. This time, I was determined to use lexical scoping, and it turned out to be surprisingly easy.
The first trick was to separate the atoms from their 'value'; each atom can have a different value in different lexical scopes. So, each lexical scope gets a 'frame' object, those contain the value for each atom defined in that scope. There's a global scope which holds all of the globally defined values (like baz, foo and bletch above). Each frame points to its enclosing scope, so you can search upwards to find the right value.
The second trick was to realize that the lexical scope of a lambda is the scope in which the lambda itself is evaluated, and that the evaluation of a lambda expression results in a 'function' object, which contains the lambda and its enclosing scope:
> (def foo (lambda (bar bletch)
((lambda (baz)
(+ baz bar))
> (foo 2 3)
In this case, the inner lambda in foo can 'see' the value of bar from the enclosing lambda. More subtly, even if the inner lambda were executed multiple times, it would see the same baz, and could even change it. This can be used to implement all kinds of craziness, including generators:
> (defun make-inc (add)
((lambda (base)
(lambda ()
(setq base (+ base add))
> (setq plus2 (make-inc 2))
> (plus2)
> (plus2)
The current implementation of each frame is a simple array of atom/value pairs, with a reference to the parent frame to form the full scope. There are dramatically faster implementations of this same concept, but the goal here was small and simple.
A Tiny Allocator Optimization
With eval consuming heap space for stacks, frames and argument lists, the interpreter was spending a lot of time in the collector. As a simple optimization, I added some free lists for stack frames and cons cells.
Stack frames are never referenced when they're finished, so they can always go on the free list. Cons cells used to construct argument lists for functions are usually free.
Builtin functions have a bit which indicates whether they might hold on to a reference to the argument list. Interpreted lambdas can't get the list while nlambdas, lexprs and macros do.
Each lambda execution creates a new frame, and while it would be possible to discover if that frame 'escapes' the lambda, I decided to not attempt to cache free ones yet.
Save and Restore
To make the lisp interpreter more useful in tiny computers, I added the ability to save and restore the entire heap to flash. This requires leaving enough space in the flash to preserve the heap, further constraining the amount of flash available for the application.
All of this code is in the 'lisp' branch of my AltOS repository:
The lisp interpreter is independent from the rest of AltOS and could be re-purposed for another embedded operating system. It runs fine on ChaosKey hardware, and also on the STM32F042 Nucleo-32 board
There's also a test framework which runs on Linux, and is how I developed almost all of the code. That's in the src/test directory in the above repository, and is called 'ao_lisp_test'.
Towers of Hanoi
Here's an implementation of the classic recursive Towers of Hanoi game; it shows most of the current features of the language.
; Towers of Hanoi
; Copyright © 2016 Keith Packard <firstname.lastname@example.com>
; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
; the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
; (at your option) any later version.
; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
; General Public License for more details.
; ANSI control sequences
(defun move-to (col row)
(patom "\033[" row ";" col "H" nil)
(defun clear ()
(patom "\033[2J" nil)
(defun display-string (x y str)
(move-to x y)
(patom str)
; Here's the pieces to display
(setq stack '("*" "**" "***" "****" "*****" "******" "*******"))
(setq top (+ (length stack) 3))
; Here's all of the stacks of pieces
; This is generated when the program is run
(setq stacks nil)
; Display one stack, clearing any
; space above it
(defun display-stack (x y clear stack)
(cond ((= 0 clear)
(cond (stack (progn
(display-string x y (car stack))
(display-stack x (1+ y) 0 (cdr stack))
(t (progn
(display-string x y " ")
(display-stack x (1+ y) (1- clear) stack)
; This should probably be included in the rom image...
(defun length (list)
(cond (list (1+ (length (cdr list))))
; Position of the top of the stack on the screen
; Shorter stacks start further down the screen
(defun stack-pos (y stack)
(- y (length stack))
; Display all of the stacks, spaced 20 columns apart
(defun display-stacks (x y stacks)
(cond (stacks (progn
(display-stack x 0 (stack-pos y (car stacks)) (car stacks))
(display-stacks (+ x 20) y (cdr stacks)))
; Display all of the stacks, then move the cursor
; out of the way and flush the output
(defun display ()
(display-stacks 0 top stacks)
(move-to 1 21)
; Reset stacks to the starting state, with
; all of the pieces in the first stack and the
; other two empty
(defun reset-stacks ()
(setq stacks (list stack nil nil))
(length stack)
; more functions which could usefully
; be in the rom image
(defun min (a b)
(cond ((< a b) a)
(defun nth (list n)
(cond ((= n 0) (car list))
((nth (cdr list) (1- n)))
; Replace a stack in the list of stacks
; with a new value
(defun replace (list pos member)
(cond ((= pos 0) (cons member (cdr list)))
((cons (car list) (replace (cdr list) (1- pos) member)))
; Move a piece from the top of one stack
; to the top of another
(defun move-piece (from to)
(let ((from-stack (nth stacks from))
(to-stack (nth stacks to))
(piece (car from-stack)))
(setq from-stack (cdr from-stack))
(setq to-stack (cons piece to-stack))
(setq stacks (replace stacks from from-stack))
(setq stacks (replace stacks to to-stack))
(delay 100)
; The implementation of the game
(defun _hanoi (n from to use)
(cond ((= 1 n)
(move-piece from to)
(_hanoi (1- n) from use to)
(_hanoi 1 from to use)
(_hanoi (1- n) use to from)
; A pretty interface which
; resets the state of the game,
; clears the screen and runs
; the program
(defun hanoi ()
(setq len (reset-stacks))
(_hanoi len 0 1 2)
Hopkins Trailer Brake Controller in Subaru Outback
My minivan transmission gave up the ghost last year, so I bought a Subaru outback to pull my t@b travel trailer. There isn't a huge amount of space under the dash, so I didn't want to mount a trailer brake controller in the 'usual' spot, right above my right knee.
Instead, I bought a Hopkins InSIGHT brake controller, 47297. That comes in three separate pieces which allows for very flexible mounting options.
I stuck the 'main' box way up under the dash on the left side of the car. There was a nice flat spot with plenty of space that was facing the right direction:
The next trick was to mount the display and control boxes around the storage compartment in the center console:
Routing the cables from the controls over to the main unit took a piece of 14ga solid copper wire to use as a fishing line. The display wire was routed above the compartment lid, the control wire was routed below the lid.
I'm not entirely happy with the wire routing; I may drill some small holes and then cut the wires to feed them through.
Wrapping libudev using LD_PRELOAD
Peter Hutterer and I were chasing down an X server bug which was exposed when running the libinput test suite against the X server with a separate thread for input. This was crashing deep inside libudev, which led us to suspect that libudev was getting run from multiple threads at the same time.
I figured I'd be able to tell by wrapping all of the libudev calls from the server and checking to make sure we weren't ever calling it from both threads at the same time. My first attempt was a simple set of cpp macros, but that failed when I discovered that libwacom was calling libgudev, which was calling libudev.
Instead of recompiling the world with my magic macros, I created a new library which exposes all of the (public) symbols in libudev. Each of these functions does a bit of checking and then simply calls down to the 'real' function.
Finding the real symbols
Here's the snippet which finds the real symbols:
static void *udev_symbol(const char *symbol)
static void *libudev;
static pthread_mutex_t find_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
void *sym;
if (!libudev) {
libudev = dlopen("libudev.so.1.6.4", RTLD_LOCAL | RTLD_NOW);
sym = dlsym(libudev, symbol);
return sym;
Yeah, the libudev version is hard-coded into the source; I didn't want to accidentally load the wrong one. This could probably be improved...
Checking for re-entrancy
As mentioned above, we suspected that the bug was caused when libudev got called from two threads at the same time. So, our checks are pretty simple; we just count the number of calls into any udev function (to handle udev calling itself). If there are other calls in process, we make sure the thread ID for those is the same as the current thread.
static void udev_enter(const char *func) {
assert (udev_running == 0 || udev_thread == pthread_self());
udev_thread = pthread_self();
udev_func[udev_running] = func;
static void udev_exit(void) {
if (udev_running == 0)
udev_thread = 0;
udev_func[udev_running] = 0;
Wrapping functions
Now, the ugly part -- libudev exposes 93 different functions, with a wide variety of parameters and return types. I constructed a hacky macro, calls for which could be constructed pretty easily from the prototypes found in libudev.h, and which would construct our stub function:
#define make_func(type, name, formals, actuals) \
type name formals { \
type ret; \
static void *f; \
if (!f) \
f = udev_symbol(__func__); \
udev_enter(__func__); \
ret = ((typeof (&name)) f) actuals; \
udev_exit(); \
return ret; \
There are 93 invocations of this macro (or a variant for void functions) which look much like:
make_func(struct udev *,
(struct udev *udev),
Using udevwrap
To use udevwrap, simply stick the filename of the .so in LD_PRELOAD and run your program normally:
# LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libudevwrap.so Xorg
Source code
I stuck udevwrap in my git repository:
You can clone it using
$ git git://keithp.com/git/udevwrap
ChaosKey v1.0 Released — USB Attached True Random Number Generator
ChaosKey, our random number generator that attaches via USB, is now available for sale from the altusmetrum store.
We talked about this device at Debconf 16 last month
Support for this device is included in Linux starting with version 4.1. Plug ChaosKey into your system and the driver will automatically add entropy into the kernel pool, providing a constant supply of true random numbers to help keep the system secure.
ChaosKey is free hardware running free software, built with free software on a free operating system.
AltOS 1.6.3 —
Bdale and I are pleased to announce the release of AltOS version 1.6.3.
AltOS is the core of the software for all of the Altus Metrum products. It consists of firmware for our cc1111, STM32L151, STMF042, LPC11U14 and ATtiny85 based electronics and Java-based ground station software.
Version 1.6.3 adds idle mode to AltosDroid and has bug fixes for our host software on desktops, laptops an android devices along with BlueTooth support for Windows.
1.6.3 is in Beta test for Android; if you want to use the beta version, join the AltosDroid beta program
AltOS fixes:
- Fix hardware flow control on TeleBT v3.0. RTS/CTS is wired backwards on this board, switch from using the hardware to driving these pins with software.
AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications
AltosUI and TeleGPS New Features:
- Add BlueTooth support for Windows operating system. This supports connections to TeleBT over BlueTooth rather than just USB.
AltosUI and TeleGPS Fixes:
Change Java detection and install on Windows. Detection is now done by looking for the 'javaw.exe' program, and installation by opening a browser on the java.com web site.
Delay polling while the Fire Igniters is visible to allow for TeleMega to report back complete status over the radio.
Disallow changing RF calibration numbers in the configuration UI. There's no good reason to change this from the field, and recovering is really hard if you haven't written down the right number.
Fix USB device discovery on Mac OS X El Capitan. This makes the connected Altus Metrum USB devices appear again.
Fix acceleration data presented in MonitorIdle mode for TeleMetrum v2.0 flight computers.
AltosDroid new features:
Monitor Idle mode. Check state of flight computer while in idle mode over the radio link
Fire Igniters. Remotely fire ignires for recovery system ground tests.
Remote reboot. Cause the flight computer to reboot over the radio link. This provides a method for switching the flight computer from idle to flight mode without needing to reach the power switch.
Configurable frequency menu. Change the set of available frequencies and provide more descriptive names.
AltosDroid bug fixes:
Don't set target location if GPS hasn't locked yet.
Fix saving target states so they can be reloaded when the application restarts. When the application is shut down and restarted, all previous target state information will be restored (including GPS position if available).
Fix crash on some Android devices for offline maps when changing the map scale or location.
Don't require USB OTG support. This kept the latest AltosDroid from being offered on devices without USB device support, although it can work without that just fine using BlueTooth.
Don't require bluetooth to be enabled. This allows the application to operate with USB devices or just show old data without turning on the bluetooth radio.
Recover old tracker positions when restarting application. This finally allows you to safely stop and restart the application without losing the last known location of any tracker.
- Document TeleMega and EasyMega additional pyro channel continuity audio alert pattern.
X.org Election Time — Vote Now
It's more important than usual to actually get your vote in — we're asking the membership to vote on changes the the X.org bylaws that are necessary for X.org to become a SPI affiliate project, instead of continuing on as a separate organization. While I'm in favor of this transition as I think it will provide much needed legal and financial help, the real reason we need everyone to vote is that we need ⅔ of the membership to cast ballots for the vote to be valid. Last time, we didn't reach that value, so even though we had a majority voting in favor of the change, it didn't take effect. If you aren't in favor of this change, I'd still encourage you to vote as I'd like to get a valid result, no matter the outcome.
Of course, we're also electing four members to the board. I'm happy to note that there are five candidates running for the four available seats, which shows that there are enough people willing to help serve the X.org community in this fashion.
Automatic Calendar Management — Notmuch + Calypso
One of the big "features" of outlook/exchange in my world is automatically merging of incoming calendar updates from email. This makes my calendar actually useful in knowing what meetings people have asked me to attend. As I'm not willing to otherwise tolerate outlook, I decided to try and provide that in my preferred environment; notmuch and calypso.
Identifying calendar updates
The first trick is how to identify incoming messages with calendar updates. I'd love to be able to search for specific mime content types, but I haven't been able to construct such a search. Failing that, I'm just looking for messages containing the string 'text/calendar':
notmuch search --output=messages tag:inbox AND text/calendar
Next, I want to skip over previously scanned calendar updates, so I'll plan on tagging messages that have been scanned with the 'calendar' tag and skip those:
notmuch search --output=messages tag:inbox AND text/calendar AND not tag:calendar
jq — sed for json
With the messages containing likely calendar entries identified, the remaining task is to extract the MIME section containing the actual calendar data. Notmuch can generate json for the message, leaving us only needing to parse the json and extract the relevant section. I found the 'jq' tool in the archive, which looks like a rather complicated parsing and reformatting tool for json data. It took a while to understand, but I managed to generate a command string that takes a notmuch message and pulls out the content for all text/calendar elements:
jq -r '..| select(."content-type"? == "text/calendar") | .content'
This is a recursive walk over the data structure. It looks for structures with "content-type": "text/calendar" and dumps their "content" elements in raw text form.
Putting it all together
Here's the complete script:
SEARCH="tag:inbox AND not tag:calendar AND text/calendar"
trap "rm -r $TMP" 0 1 15
notmuch search --output=messages $SEARCH | while read message; do
notmuch show --format=json $message |
jq -r '.. | select(."content-type"? == "text/calendar") | .content' > $TMP
if [ -s $TMP ]; then
calypso --import private/calendar $TMP && notmuch tag +calendar $message
notmuch tag +calendar $message
I'd love to fix calypso's --import operation to talk to the local calypso daemon with the database loaded; the current mechanism actually loads the entire database into a new process and then applies the new data to that. With my calendar often containing hundreds of entries, that takes a while.


text:
I'm assuming she misses hot drinks with milk, and misses ice cream also...
MummaJez (16-05-2013)
I can't imagine a hot milk drink with ice cream in. Wouldn't that just be room temperature? Haha
And... Tears from one born every minute...
I had to read it twice as well haha........Ice cream is the last thing I want to eat right now....
I would love to be watching one born every minute right now, instead I am watching the footy show and in the ads it's changed to the golf! Hence why I am on here!
Yes I was trying to think of this drink and was annoying the heck out me caused could picture but I thought I made it up haha.
Pregnant for the first-time?
Not sure where to start? We can help!
Our Insider Programs for pregnancy first-timers will lead you step-by-step through the 14 Pregnancy Must Dos!


text:
No 21: WORKING WILLIAM
Have you heard? There was a stampede at the Myla store off Bond Street yesterday morning.
Why, has a new shipment of Rabbits just arrived? Or is it just the pre-Christmas office party rush?
No, far more exciting. Prince William has a job with HSBC, just around the corner in Saint James's Street. The young ladies of Mayfair are in a frenzy of anticipation.
Ah. They don't want to be caught in their saggy M&S bras as he strides manfully past reception in his new pinstripe from Tunbull & Asser.
Quite. And they have only three


text:
Some roads, parks, libraries closed today
County landfills accepting storm-related debris free
The effects of Hurricane Irene have closed several Henrico County roads, parks and libraries today.
White Oak Road is closed between Route 60 and Elko Road; Sandy Lane is closed between Creighton Road and Watts Lane; and Creighton Road is closed at the Henrico-Hanover county line.
The county's Division of Recreation and Parks has closed Confederate Hills, Dorey Park, Hunton Park, Hidden Creek, Park, Meadowview Park, the Glen Lea Recreation Center and the Roslyn Hills playground as the result of power outages or storm damage. RF&P Park and Springfield Park are open today but have no power.
The Armour House, Deep Run Park, Belmont Recreation Center, the Henrico Theatre, Walkerton Tavern, and Twin Hickory Park (business only) all are open today.
The county also has canceled the 6 p.m. Zumba class scheduled for tonight at Dorey Recreation Center and the 7 p.m. Henrico Concert Band performance scheduled for Dorey Park.
Dumbarton, Fairfield, Municipal, Sandston and Twin Hickory libraries are open; Glen Allen, North Park, Tuckahoe and Varina are closed.
Residents cleaning up from the storm can take their unbagged storm-related yard debris and vegetative waste free of charge to Henrico's East and West landfills. Bagged yard waste and bulky waste, including scrap wood, drywall, carpets and soiled food, will be charged at the rate of $3 per load.
Contractors can haul yard debris and vegetative waste for $50 per ton.
Residents with storm-related questions should continue to call the Henrico Hurricane Hotline at 501-7413.
Residents can continue to obtain free water at Fire Station No. 2, 2400 Darbytown Road, and at Fire Station No. 15, 3820 Mountain Road. Residents should bring their own containers; bottled water will not be provided.
Citizens who need shelter or other assistance should contact the Department of Social Services at 501-4001.
Villa's Flagler Housing wins national NAEH award
St. Joseph's Villa's Flagler Housing & Homeless Services was one of three entities to earn the National Alliance to End Homelessness' Champion of Change Award. The awards were presented Nov. 17 during a ceremony at the Newseum in Washington, D.C.
NAEH annually recognizes proven programs and significant achievements in ending child and family homelessness.
Flagler completed its transition from an on-campus shelter to the community-based model of rapid rehousing in 2013, and it was one of the nation's first rapid re-housing service providers to be certified by NAEH. > Read more.
RIR's Christmas tree lighting rescheduled for Dec. 12
Richmond International Raceway's 13th annual Community Christmas tree lighting has been rescheduled from Dec. 6 to Monday, Dec. 12, at 6:30 p.m., due to inclement weather expected on the original date.
Entertainment Dec. 12 will be provided by the Laburnum Elementary School choir and the Henrico High School Mighty Marching Warriors band. Tree decorations crafted by students from Laburnum Elementary School and L. Douglas Wilder Middle School will be on display. Hot chocolate and cookies will be supplied by the Henrico High School football boosters. > Read more.
Restaurant Watch
Find out how your favorite dining establishments fared during their most recent inspections by the Virginia Department of Health. > Read more.
Bill lets women get 1 year of birth control pills
Assembly OKs amendment to help surviving spouses of disabled vets
Over Democrats' objections, Senate OKs 'religious freedom' bill
Henrico Police receive donated canine ballistic vest
Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield becomes title sponsor of Innsbrook 5k event
- More News
Print Edition
Feb. 16, 2017Click here to read the print edition.
Restaurant Watch
Weekend Top 10
American Tap Room at Willow Lawn closes
Weekend Top 10
Cast announced for 'Jeeves Intervenes' at CAT Theatre
- More Entertainment
Obituary – Anne Faudree Barker
Obituary – Jonathan "Bryan" Lawler
Obituary – Jean Harless
- More Obituaries
Villa's Flagler Housing wins national NAEH award
RIR's Christmas tree lighting rescheduled for Dec. 12
project:HOMES' 'Renew Crew' helps Henrico citizen
- More Community
Thanksgiving, Part II
Storm woes for e-junkies
'Good old days' were good – for some
- More Opinions
RIR to admit children 12 and younger free next year
Henrico teams win district, state championships
Varina HS to host Basketball Skill Development Academy June 20-23
- More Sports
|February 2017
Place an Ad | More Classifieds
CalendarNorth Park Library will screen and discuss the film "Good Hair" (2009, PG-13) from 6 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. "Good Hair" is Chris Rock's comic exploration of the way hairstyles impact the activities, pocketbooks, relationships and self-esteem of the black community. For details, call 501-1970 or visit http://www.henricolibrary.org. Full text


text:
The Flash season 3 2016
4 episodes of 23
In The Flash season 3 Barry's hometown will never be the same. During the final battle with Zoom the main character makes a world-shaking decision. He creates his clone and travelling back in time to save his mother's life from Eobard Thawne. But this decision changed the timeline. In season 3 the viewers will see […]
- October 26, 2016
- 396 views
- Leave a comment


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AWN Hobby EStore
Hobby, Radio Control, Hobby Shop
4WD shaft Drive Complete with pistol grip radio's and all servos Lightweight anodized flexuose alum chasis Variable shockproof spring Big bore carburettor Fuel tank with vast capacity,easy to refuel with super calibre,prevent over flowing Front/rear umbrella gear differential and differential box with leak protection 13.8g super-light-weight fly wheel Adrustable-bounce,make spring buffered Differential with 5pcs of screw only, making fixing/disasembling easier With fibreglass disc brake pad Double sponge filter,better dust proof Specifications & Technical Data7.5mm oversize gas vent,56mm resonance Flexuose 6061 aluminum chassis,2.5mm thickness Aluminum alloy in 6061,Anodic heavy-duty adrustor. 4 coil over shocks and excellent foam filled low profile tyres Dementions:Length---------------360mm Width----------------310mm Height---------------185mm Wheelbase------------275mm Ground?Clearance:----30mm Gear Ratio:----------14.3:1 Engine:--------------18cxp Diameter Of Wheel:---120*60mm Thread:--------------150mm BRAND NEW IN THE BOX Smartech Racing commond Sport RTR
All Servos and Wiring
Radio Controller
User Manualcolour may vary
Specifications & Technical Data
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An ancient Ring thought lost for centuries has been found, and through a
strange twist in fate has been given to a small Hobbit named Frodo.
When Gandalf discovers the Ring is in fact the One Ring of the Dark Lord
Sauron, Frodo must make an epic quest to the Cracks of Doom in order to
destroy it! However he does not go alone. He is joined by Gandalf,
Legolas the elf, Gimli the Dwarf, Aragorn, Boromir and his three Hobbit
friends Merry, Pippin and Samwise. Through mountains, snow, dar
Hand Made, Hand Painted Details: Hand made Hand painted Hand crafted Unique design Quality construction 14 x 12.8 x 14
Deep-V hull design offers high speed and sharp turning New copper plating flex shaft and shaft sleeve make transmission smoother
This is one amazing product that are rare model sell on line. Take it to the park and fly it
great first car for beginners or suitable for advanced drivers. great price as well
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