text:
Multiple small-bowel adhesions with surrounding phlegmon were taken down, after which a chicken bone was found to be perforating a segment of mid-jejunum (Figure 2). The injured segment of bowel was resected and primarily anastomosed. Foreign body ingestion is a relatively common occurrence encountered by emergency department physicians. It can be seen in various scenarios: in psychiatric patients and children, intentional smuggling of drugs or other illegal substances, and simply in accidental ingestion during eating, such as in the current case.1- 3 It is therefore an important diagnosis for the surgeon to keep in the differential in workup of the acute abdomen. The patient later recalled swallowing a chicken bone, and she fortunately had an uneventful recovery.
Chicken bone. A, Foreign body (chicken bone) removed from midjejunum. B, Intraoperative photograph of perforated segment of jejunum.
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Correspondence: Elliott R. Haut, MD, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Osler 625, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: April 20, 2009.
Author Contributions:Study concept and design: Barreiro and Haut. Acquisition of data: Barreiro. Analysis and interpretation of data: Barreiro. Drafting of the manuscript: Barreiro. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Haut. Study supervision: Haut.
Financial Disclosure: None reported.
Due to the overwhelmingly popular response to the Image of the Month, the Archives of Surgery has temporarily discontinued accepting submissions for this feature. Requests for submissions will resume in January 2011. Thank you.
Image of the Month—Diagnosis. Arch Surg. 2010;145(4):396. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.43-b
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text: Uganda's coffee exports up 12.5% y/y in January Commodities by admin Last Updated: Wed, 12 Feb 2014 14:54:11 GMT 0 Bags of coffee beans. PHOTO: Getty Images Uganda's coffee exports in January rose 12.5 percent year-on-year to 391,514 60-kg bags, helped by rising market prices, a state agency said on Wednesday. "The key factor for the rise was prices. The prices at the farmgate have been improving over the last two months. That motivated them (farmers) to sell higher quantities so they could take advantage and earn more," said a source at the state-run Ugandan Coffee Development Authority (UCDA). Dried coffee cherries, for example, averaged about 3,500 shillings ($1.42) per kilogramme in January, from 3000 shillings about two months ago, the source added.

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text: 9 out of 10 Alice Good Points+ It allows you to progress to a good level at the end of the book. It has a lot of exercises to help with sight-reading and of a good difficultly progression yet requires previous music and theory knowledge. Bad Points− Unfortunately it doesn't contain any diagrams like for the finger positions. Also it doesn't include any well known tunes which can sometimes help you progress. Confirmed purchase: 30 August 2016 Published on: 22 September 2016


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Sir Alex Ferguson had the smile of a champion again last night after Chelsea presented the Barclays Premiership title to Manchester United with two games to spare and, perhaps to the consternation of Jos? Mourinho, the 65-year-old was adamant that his ninth championship success will not be his last.
On a dramatic day in the Premiership, with Glenn Roeder losing his job as manager of Newcastle United last night, United were confirmed as champions for the first time since 2003 thanks to Chelsea's 1-1 draw away to Arsenal. Chelsea will form a guard of honour when United visit Stamford Bridge


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Woman Given Award In Memory Of Soldier Brother Killed By Bomb
The sister of a Scottish soldier killed during service more than 60 years ago has collected an honour in his memory.
An unexploded sea mine will be removed and deactivated, prompting the evacuation of a number of properties.
Explosives experts confirmed the location of the device off the coast of Gourock, Inverclyde, near a swimming pool, on Monday.
The unexploded ordnance device is thought to be a sea mine dating from either the 1940s or 1950s.
It is to be deactivated on Thursday, meaning a number of residents living within 200 metres will need to be moved out and a respite centre will be available at Clydeview Academy.
Police have issued safety advice to residents who live within 500 metres and an exclusion zone at sea of around 1,000 metres will also be set up.
Chief Inspector Elliot Brown said: "I must stress that this evacuation is a precautionary measure, and that there is no immediate danger posed to the community of Gourock.
"I understand the disruption that this might cause some local residents however, we are working with our partners to ensure that this disruption is kept to the absolute minimum.
"Safety is our priority above all else, and this is why the decision to evacuate some residents has been taken.''
Lieutenant Commander Tim Castrinoyannakis, officer in charge of the Royal Navy's Northern Diving Unit, said: "Due to the deterioration of the mine it is not possible to conclude how much explosive material it still contains, therefore for the safety of the public we have decided to move it to a safer place and destroy it in situ.
"We have been working closely with the local authorities throughout and would like to thank the community for their patience.''
The residents who will require to evacuate are located on Kempock Street (from Sainsbury's end), some properties within Albert Road, and one property on Bath Street, and other areas up to approximately 50 metres beyond the war memorial.
The other residents who are allowed to stay in their properties, and who will be issued safety advice are in the following streets:
Kempock Place, some properties on Albert Road, Barrhill Road, Binnie Street, remainder of Bath Street, St John's Road, Adelaide Street, Broombury Drive, John Street, Royal Street, Station Road, and Burgh Walk.
Residents within these properties are asked for safety reasons from 11.30am until 2pm to:
· Open all windows in their property
· Stay away from glass items such as windows
· Stay indoors near to brick walls
· Do not go out into your car
· Do not go into your garden.
The evacuation is due to begin at 8am, and the safe removal of the device is expected to begin around 12noon.
The public will be kept informed of any changes to this schedule via social media and on Inverclyde Council and Police Scotland websites.
The sister of a Scottish soldier killed during service more than 60 years ago has collected an honour in his memory.
Seven men have been arrested in connection with a large-scale disturbance following the Edinburgh derby in the Scottish Cup.
A new £25,000 scholarship to improve care for people with motor neurone disease (MND) will be set up in memory of campaigner Gordon Aikman.
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text:
CYP17genetic polymorphism, breast cancer, and breast cancer risk factors: Australian Breast Cancer Family Study
DOI: 10.1186/bcr1040
© Chang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005
Received: 16 December 2004
Accepted: 13 April 2005
Published: 12 May 2005
Because CYP17 can influence the degree of exposure of breast tissues to oestrogen, the interaction between polymorphisms in this gene and hormonal risk factors is of particular interest. We attempted to replicate the findings of studies assessing such interactions with the -34T→C polymorphism.
Risk factor and CYP17 genotyping data were derived from a large Australian population-based case-control-family study of 1,284 breast cancer cases and 679 controls. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression analyses.
We found no associations between the CYP17 genotype and breast cancer overall. Premenopausal controls with A 2/A 2 genotype had a later age at menarche (P < 0.01). The only associations near statistical significance were that postmenopausal women with A 1/A 1 (wild-type) genotype had an increased risk of breast cancer if they had ever used hormone replacement therapy (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.7; P = 0.05) and if they had menopause after age 47 years (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.0 to 7.0; P = 0.06). We found no associations in common with any other studies, and no evidence for interactions.
We observed no evidence of effect modification of reproductive risk factors by CYP17 genotype, although the experiment did not have sufficient statistical power to detect small main effects and modest effects in subgroups. Associations found only in subgroup analyses based on relatively small numbers require cautious interpretation without confirmation by other studies. This emphasizes the need for replication in multiple and large population-based studies to provide convincing evidence for gene–environment interactions.
The association between exposure to endogenous and exogenous steroid hormones and breast cancer risk is well established [1]. Consequently, genetic polymorphisms in genes involved with hormone-metabolizing pathways have been widely studied for evidence of their contribution to breast cancer risk [2, 3]. One such candidate gene is CYP17 on chromosome 10q24.3, which encodes the enzyme cytochrome P450c17α (17α-hydroxylase; 17/20 lyase). P450c17α functions at two different points in the steroid biosynthesis pathway; the 17α hydroxylase activity can convert progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and the 17/20 lyase function may further convert 17α-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione (the precursor of both oestrone and testosterone) [4].
One common polymorphism in CYP17 has been extensively studied [5–23]. It is a T→C nucleotide substitution 34 base pairs upstream of the translation initiation site in the 5' promoter region. A subset of the literature refers to the wild-type T allele as A 1, and the variant C allele as A 2. The C allele creates an additional Sp1-type (CCACC box) promoter site, and although it was initially suggested to increase expression of the gene [9], a subsequent study did not observe binding to the human transcription factor Sp-1 [16]. There is conflicting evidence indicating that the CYP17 -34T→C polymorphism might influence endogenous steroid hormone levels [11, 24–31], and the CC genotype has also been reported to be associated with the relative abundance of the 2OHE and 16α OHE forms of oestrogen [32]. A recent study also found the polymorphism associated with higher levels of DHEAS in premenopausal women and higher levels of oestradiol in postmenopausal women [33].
Although a few studies have found evidence for an association between this polymorphism and risk of breast cancer [7, 9, 19, 23], these positive associations were observed for specific subgroups of cases defined by tumour aggressiveness, age at onset, or family history of breast cancer. Two recent meta-analyses [3, 34] showed no overall association of breast cancer with the C (A 2) variant, when comparing allele frequencies, or genotypes defined by these alleles under a dominant or recessive model. Results were consistently null in different ethnic groups [34].
As CYP17 may influence the degree of exposure of breast epithelial cells to oestrogen, the possibility that the effects of different hormonal risk factors is dependent on different CYP17 genotype is of particular interest. Some studies have suggested that CYP17 genotype is associated with hormonal risk factors, and/or that the association between breast cancer and hormonal risk factors depends on CYP17 genotypes. That is, CYP17 genotype may be an effect modifier. The hormonal risk factors examined in this manner have included age at menarche, age at first birth, use of oral contraceptives, age at menopause, and hormonal replacement therapy. So far, studies examining these gene–environment interactions or effect modifications have generally been small and have reported conflicting results [5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 27, 35–37]. For example, the CYP17 variant was significantly associated with earlier age at menarche in only two of eight reports, and an effect of later age at menarche (at least 13 years) limited to women with the wild-type T (A 1) homozygous genotype was evident in only 4 of 11 reports. Moreover, as alluded to in a recent review of studies of the CYP17 polymorphisms and hormone levels [38], the published literature is compromised because many reported 'associations' were not statistically significant, and the possibility of publication bias in selective reporting of such data cannot be excluded.
We previously published Australian data on the overall relationship between this CYP17 genetic polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer before the age of 40 years [23]. In the present study of a larger sample of women under 60 years, we considered the issue of effect modification. We studied reproductive and hormone-related factors previously documented to be putative effect modifiers [5, 9, 11, 19, 24, 35]. We used the same categorization as in the Western New York Breast Cancer Study (WNYBCS) [5], the most comprehensive study assessing CYP17 genotype as a potential effect modifier, in an attempt to replicate findings with an independent data set.
Materials and methods
The Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS) is a population-based case-control-family study of breast cancer before the age of 60 years [39–41]. Sampling of cases was stratified by age at onset, and half were diagnosed before age 40 years, so the study is predominantly of premenopausal women. Cases were women living in Melbourne or Sydney diagnosed with a first primary breast cancer, identified through the Victoria and New South Wales cancer registries. Controls were women with no previous breast cancer selected from the electoral roll (adult registration for voting is compulsory in Australia) by a stratified random sampling, frequency-matched for age. Questionnaires used to measure exposure to risk factors and family cancer history have been described previously [23, 40, 41]. Ethical approvals for the ABCFS and this genotyping study were obtained from The University of Melbourne, the Cancer Councils of Victoria and New South Wales, and the Queensland Institute of Medical Research.
For the purpose of these analyses, subjects were restricted to the women who identified themselves as being white/Caucasian (details in [23]). Molecular analyses (see [41]) have so far identified 41 Caucasian cases carrying a deleterious germline mutation in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, and these subjects have been excluded from the analyses.
Molecular analysis
As described in detail previously [23], the CYP17 -34T→C polymorphism was measured in DNA extracted from cases and controls with the use of the AIB1 Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells by using salt extraction methods for those recruited before 1995 [42] and with the use of spin columns (Mini blood spin columns; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) for those recruited from 1995 onwards.
Statistical methods
As one purpose of this study was to try to replicate the effect modification effects previously reported in the literature that are consistent with an increased exposure to endogenous oestrogen associated with genotypes defined by the C (A 2) variant [5, 9, 11, 19, 24, 35], we categorized risk factors collected in our study in an identical manner to the most comprehensive study assessing effect modification, the WYNBCS [5]. As far as possible, analyses were adjusted for the same factors and the results presented similarly. Consequently, reproductive variables were categorized as follows: age at menarche (less than 13 years, 13 years or more); age at first birth (less than 25 years, 25 years or more); ever use of oral contraceptives (yes, no); family history of breast cancer (yes, no for any first-degree relative reported to have had breast cancer); age at menopause (less than 48 years, 48 years or more); and ever use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT; yes, no).
The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium assumption was assessed by comparing the genotype frequencies with those expected on the basis of the observed allele frequencies and random mating by using the Pearson χ2 distribution with one degree of freedom. The associations between risk of breast cancer and risk factors and CYP17 genotypes were assessed by multiple linear logistic regression, adjusting for the potential confounders reference age, body mass index, family history, education level, country of birth, benign breast disease, and age at menopause in postmenopausal women. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with and without adjustment for measured risk factors. Logistic regression was also used to assess, in controls, the associations of hormone-related risk factors with genotype after adjusting for the above potential confounders. The statistical significance of interaction terms was assessed by the likelihood ratio test. All analyses were conducted with Stata version 8.0. All statistical tests were two-sided and the P values quoted are nominal; that is, no attempt was made to adjust for multiple comparisons, either in terms of the number of covariates or in terms of the number of modes of inheritance being considered.
A visual comparison between the results of the ABCFS and those of the WNYBCS was conducted by plotting the corresponding log OR estimates from each study against one another, using R version 1.6.2. The size of the points was proportional to the average of the inverse of standard errors of the two studies for that particular risk factor's estimate, so that larger points were those for which there was more precision. A positive correlation between the data points would be evidence for replication of findings.
Analyses were conducted for the 1,284 cases and 679 controls genotyped for CYP17, including 1,572 premenopausal women (mean age 38.3 years) and 391 postmenopausal women (mean age 52.3 years). There was no evidence of deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in controls (P = 0.95), but in cases there was marginally significant evidence of such deviation, with a deficiency of heterozygotes (565 observed versus 605.3 expected; P = 0.02). The C (A 2) allele frequency in cases was 0.38 (SEM 0.001) in cases, and 0.37 (SEM 0.01) in controls (P for difference = 0.8).
CYP17 genotypes and breast cancer risk by menopausal status (BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers excluded)
Cases, n (%)
Controls, n (%)
Crude OR (95% CI)
Adjusted OR (95% CI)a
414 (40)
201 (38)
460 (44)
253 (48)
0.88 (0.70, 1.11)
0.90 (0.71, 1.14)
169 (16)
75 (14)
1.09 (0.79, 1.51)
1.08 (0.78, 1.51)
99 (41)
66 (44)
105 (44)
64 (43)
1.09 (0.70, 1.70)
1.32 (0.82, 2.12)
37 (15)
20 (13)
1.23 (0.66, 2.31)
1.29 (0.66, 2.52)
513 (40)
267 (39)
565 (44)
317 (47)
0.93 (0.76, 1.14)
0.96 (0.77, 1.18)
206 (16)
95 (14)
1.13 (0.85, 1.50)
1.12 (0.83, 1.51)
No family historyb
462 (40)
249 (39)
501 (44)
296 (47)
0.91 (0.74, 1.13)
0.95 (0.76, 1.18)
182 (16)
91 (14)
1.08 (0.80, 1.45)
1.10 (0.81, 1.49)
With family historyb
51 (37)
18 (42)
64 (46)
21 (49)
1.08 (0.52, 2.23)
1.08 (0.49, 2.36)
24 (17)
4 (9)
2.12 (0.65, 6.94)
2.46 (0.70, 8.60)
We excluded the 41 Caucasian cases with a known BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation; because these mutations are associated with at least a 10-fold increased breast cancer risk [43], for more than 90% of them the cause of their disease was their germline mutation (that is, less than 10% are likely to be phenocopies). It is possible that their CYP17 genotype could have a modifying effect on their disease risk; however, the frequencies of the TT (A 1/A 1), TC (A 1/A 2) and CC (A 2/A 2) genotypes were 41% (n = 17), 41% (17) and 18% (7), respectively, in carriers, similar to those of 40% (513), 44% (565), and 16% (206) observed in the non-carrier cases (P = 0.95). The C (A 2) allele frequency was 0.38 in both carriers and non-carriers.
Breast cancer risk factors by CYP17 genotype (BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers excluded)
Premenopausal (n = 529)
Postmenopausal (n = 150)
Pooled (pre- and postmenopausal) (n = 679)
CYP17 genotype...
A 1/A 2 and A 2/A 2
A 1/A 2 and A 2/A 2
A 1/A 2 and A 2/A 2
Age at menarche
<13 years
95 (48)
112 (34)**
28 (42)
35 (42)
123 (46)
147 (36)***
≥13 years
105 (52)
216 (66)
38 (58)
49 (58)
143 (54)
265 (64)
Age at first birth
<25 years
52 (37)
93 (40)
37 (61)
40 (54)
89 (44)
133 (43)
≥25 years
89 (63)
142 (60)
24 (39)
34 (46)
113 (56)
176 (57)
Ever use oral contraceptives
12 (6)
20 (6)
189 (94)
308 (94)
Family history of breast cancer
189 (94)
309 (94)
60 (91)
78 (93)
249 (93)
387 (94)
12 (6)
19 (6)
6 (9)
6 (7)
18 (7)
25 (6)
Age at menopause
<48 years
40 (61)
45 (54)
≥48 years
26 (39)
39 (46)
Ever use HRT
28 (42)
33 (48)
38 (58)
51 (61)
Breast cancer risk and risk factors by CYP17 genotype (BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers excluded)
All data
A 1/A 2 and A 2/A 2
Case, n (%)
Control, n (%)
Case, n (%)
Control, n (%)
Case, n (%)
Control, n (%)
Age at menarche
<13 years
435 (42)
207 (39)
183 (45)
95 (47)
252 (40)
112 (34)
≥13 years
603 (58)
321 (61)
0.93 (0.7–1.2)
228 (55)
105 (53)
1.18 (0.8–1.8)
375 (60)
216 (66)
0.79 (0.6–1.1)
Age at first birth
<25 years
318 (40)
145 (39)
131 (42)
52 (37)
187 (39)
93 (40)
≥25 years
479 (60)
231 (61)
1.13 (0.9–1.5)
183 (58)
89 (63)
0.93 (0.6–1.5)
296 (61)
142 (60)
1.30 (0.9–1.8)
Ever use OC
87 (8)
32 (6)
32 (8)
12 (6)
55 (9)
20 (6)
955 (92)
497 (94)
0.82 (0.5–1.4)
382 (92)
189 (94)
0.75 (0.3–1.9)
573 (91)
308 (94)
0.82 (0.4–1.7)
Age at menarche
<13 years
101 (42)
63 (42)
44 (44)
28 (42)
57 (40)
35 (42)
≥13 years
140 (58)
87 (58)
0.92 (0.6–1.5)
55 (55)
38 (58)
0.83 (0.4–1.9)
85 (60)
49 (58)
0.84 (0.4–1.7)
Age at first birth
<25 years
122 (60)
77 (57)
47 (57)
37 (61)
75 (62)
40 (54)
≥25 years
79 (40)
58 (43)
0.98 (0.6–1.6)
35 (43)
24 (39)
1.16 (0.5–2.7)
44 (38)
34 (46)
0.84 (0.4–1.7)
Ever use HRT
79 (33)
61 (41)
31 (31)
28 (42)
45 (32)
33 (39)
165 (67)
89 (59)
1.86 (1.1–3.1)1
68 (69)
38 (58)
2.40 (1.0–5.7)2
97 (68)
51 (61)
1.93 (0.9–4.0)3
Age at menopause
<48 years
136 (56)
85 (57)
50 (51)
40 (61)
83 (58)
45 (37)
≥48 years
107 (44)
65 (43)
1.25 (0.7–2.2)
48 (49)
26 (39)
2.59 (1.0–7.0)4
59 (42)
39 (63)
0.80 (0.4–1.7)
Consistent with most previous studies and a recent meta-analysis was our failure to find any evidence for an association between the CYP17 genotype defined by the – 34 promoter region T→C nucleotide-substitution polymorphism and risk of breast cancer overall, or within premenopausal or postmenopausal women, whether the genotype be defined under a codominant or a recessive mode of inheritance. Specifically, we failed to confirm our own positive finding [23] of a significantly increased risk associated with the CC (A 2/A 2) genotype in women reporting a positive family history.
When we examined associations between CYP17 genotypes and hormone-related risk factors in controls, the only significant finding was an increased risk for older age at menarche among premenopausal women with the C (A 2) allele. This finding is not consistent with previous positive reports, or with the hypothesis that the C (A 2) allele is associated with increased endogenous oestrogen levels and an earlier age at menarche. The point estimates for the effects on breast cancer risk of later age at menopause and HRT use were stronger among women carrying the TT (A 1/A 1) genotype, but the interaction terms were not statistically significant.
Other studies investigating the influence of CYP17 genotype on hormonal risk factors have found varying results. For example, the CYP17 variant was associated with earlier age at menarche in only two of eight reports [8, 9, 13, 18, 21, 27, 36, 37]. Positive association with early age at first birth was observed in two of three reports [5, 8, 9, 11, 21], and only single studies have reported significant associations with decreased use of HRT [35] and with decreased difficulty in becoming pregnant [5].
Results from previous studies on the effect modification of reproductive risk factors by CYP17 genotypes have also been conflicting. The most consistent association reported was an effect modification of age at menarche. Four studies have presented evidence that the protective effect for a later age at menarche (at least 13 years) was mainly limited to women with the wild-type homozygous genotype [5, 9, 11, 19], but in two of these studies the effect was observed only in premenopausal women [5, 19], and seven other studies have failed to confirm these results [8, 12, 13, 18, 21, 27, 36]. Reports of significant associations between risk and age at first birth within strata of CYP17 genotype were in opposing directions from two studies reporting such results [11, 21].
Our larger study found no association between breast cancer and age at menarche or age at first birth within any of the variant genotypes, either overall or within postmenopausal or premenopausal women. Although we have found at best marginally significant associations between breast cancer risk and both HRT use and age at menopausal status within some CYP17 genotype groups, these must be interpreted with caution. We considered both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, seven risk factors, and two genotype groups, so by chance alone we would expect to find a few significant results even if there were no real effects.
Perhaps more convincing evidence against a role of this CYP17 variant in modulating endogenous oestrogen levels and associated breast cancer risk factors is the results of a recent study of 1,975 postmenopausal women, which found no association between CYP17 genotypes defined by several polymorphisms and mean levels of sex hormones, in particular oestradiol, oestrone and sex-hormone-binding globulin [25]. This suggests that there might be little if any functional effect of the common CYP17 polymorphisms, at least among postmenopausal women, although there is a possibility that there might exist other variants and haplotypes associated with hormone levels and risk of breast cancer.
Although we have conducted a relatively large study, there are some limitations. Because the functionality, if any, of the polymorphism we have studied is not well established, it was not possible to specify a priori hypotheses about the likely existence and direction of interactions with risk factors. However, the few positive associations with serum hormone levels reported in the literature would suggest that the C (A 2) variant would be associated with increased endogenous hormone levels, and we have observed significant effects both contradicting and in support of such an association. In addition, in this and other similar studies, there are multiple tests being conducted; the quoted P values are only nominal and should be interpreted accordingly. Consequently, we cannot claim with confidence that any of our 'significant' findings represent true effects. As there seems to be no overall effect of CYP17 genotype on breast cancer risk, finding any true interactions with breast cancer risk factors (should they exist) will require massive individual studies, or pooling of studies. The marginally significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is unlikely to be due to genotyping error because cases and controls were genotyped at the same time on the same PCR plates, and thus any genotyping bias (and deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium) would be expected to be seen equally in both cases and controls, but this was not so. Furthermore, our PCR success rate was more than 99.5% for both cases and controls, and results were fully concordant for a subset of 168 duplicate DNAs for which PCR was successful.
The lack of significant associations in our data could be a consequence of not having sufficient statistical power to detect real effects. In terms of detecting a real effect on breast cancer risk associated with the homozygote A 2/A 2 (CC) genotype (whose frequency in controls is 14%; see Table 1), with the total sample sizes we studied we would have had 80% power at the 0.05 level of statistical significance to detect effects greater than the threshold of 1.5-fold. If analyses were restricted to postmenopausal women, this detection threshold would become about twofold, whereas if we were to consider only women with a family history the threshold would be about threefold to fourfold. Within the two genotype groups (for example A 1/A 1 compared with A 1/A 2 and A 2/A 2, which subdivides controls 39:61; see Table 1), the detection thresholds for effects associated with the risk factors (most of which are divided about 40:60 into two groups; see Table 3) would be a minimum of 1.8-fold, and much greater for the smaller subgroupings.
Our study sample was in general younger than that of the other studies reporting on possible effect modification by CYP17 genotype. Given that the younger the age at onset of breast cancer the stronger are the familial effects [41], one might expect the effects of genetic factors to be more pronounced in earlier onset disease. We therefore interpret our essentially null results as further support for the increasing body of evidence suggesting that there are no true associations or effect modifications, or at most weak ones, associated with this specific genetic variant of CYP17.
In summary, there are no known data to support a functional effect of this CYP17 polymorphism, and although lack of a demonstrated association with serum sex hormones does not exclude a possible functional effect, it does decrease enthusiasm for a possible modifying role of this CYP17 polymorphism on breast cancer risk. We have found little evidence to support previous reports of gene–environment interaction, in particular those of the most comprehensive study assessing relationships between CYP17 genotype and breast cancer hormonal risk factors [5]. Our post hoc power calculations show that we cannot exclude small main effects, or modest effects within subgroups. It is sobering to note that, if the aim of a study is to detect interactions, the size of the study will have to be at least four times larger than if attention were confined to detecting main effects of the same magnitude [44]. Given the concomitant issues of multiple testing, very large studies of tens of thousands of subjects will be required to evaluate gene-environment interactions, should they exist, and these will probably require the pooling of data from multiple studies (such as has been done by the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer).
Despite early enthusiasm and numerous reports of positive associations between genotypes, risk factors and breast cancer risk from small studies, few of these have held up under further scrutiny through being reproduced in larger studies. One educational example is of the association between breast cancer and a protein-truncating variant in CHK2 carried by 2.1% of women. Even in a study of more than 10,000 cases and 9,000 controls reporting a 2.3-fold increased risk for the CHK2 mutation and a 1.4-fold increased risk of family history, no nominally significant interactions were found between CHK2 genotypes and family history (P = 0.1) [45]. Future studies evaluating gene–environment interaction and cancer risk will need to be very large to produce credible evidence.
Australian Breast Cancer Family Study
confidence interval
hormone replacement therapy
odds ratio
polymerase chain reaction
Western New York Breast Cancer Study.
We are grateful to the physicians, surgeons and oncologists who endorsed this project, to the interviewing staff, and to the many women and their relatives who participated in this research. The ABCFS was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia, the New South Wales Cancer Council, the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (Australia), the Inkster-Ross Memorial Fund of the University of Otago, and the US National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Request for Application CA-95-003 as part of the Breast Cancer Family Registries (CFRs). This work is supported by a NHMRC Program grant. ABS is funded by an NHMRC Career Development Award, and GC-T and JLH are NHMRC Senior and Senior Principal Research Fellows, respectively. JLH is a Group Leader of the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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All the standout looks from Paris's best collections.
See Demna Gvasalia's Best Work So Far
Fashion Month is headed to Paris for its final leg and to break down the best of the best, BAZAAR is selecting the top 5 looks from the best Spring 2016 collections. Consider it your definitive guide to the runways. See more highlights from the Spring 2016 collections in New York, London and Milan here.More
In fashion, there's Main Street and High Street. And then there's the road that Miuccia Prada takes...paves, really. Call it the road less traveled, the off-the-beaten-path, whatever. The point is, the lady will never bow to convention—it's just not a word in her vocabulary. And the industry is the richer for it. Nothing revolutionary happened on Miu Miu's Spring's runway, just more of the same thought-provoking, different-angle style, starting with fall-worthy coats in signature Miuccia graphics and grandpa cardigans seen both as wonderful intarsia knits with a diamond motif (and then reworked as leather jackets).
Mad-cap styling saw a delicious pile-on of fur stoles worn cross-body over slim printed dresses that hit just below the knee—so flattering. These were worn over buttoned-up shirts and ultra feminine strappy heels, a Miu Miu must, in fun colors or lace-up boots in brilliant patterns and shades.
Jump on the Cut-Out Shoulder Bandwagon Now


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For Saturday of this holiday weekend, we've got 15 games on the docket, with nine early and six late. As usual, we'll pick players from both segments of the day in case you're looking to specialize in one or both parts of the day rather than an all day contest. There are a lot of interesting options spread throughout the day, so let's look and see which value players you can plug in alongside the league's stars.
Remember that our column here at BangTheBook is centered exclusively on finding value. You know who the good players are. So does everybody else. It's those under-the-radar guys that you pair with those high-salary players that allow you to come out on top.
DraftKings or FanDuel are the industry leaders in ease of use and safe, free transactions. Use these tips and the tips from our daily radio show to improve your abilities and fill out the winning lineup. Our MLB daily fantasy tips and suggestions article is different in that we're not looking for the top scorers, but for the best values so that you can get the edge that you need in order to save money for the game's best players.
The salaries listed are from DraftKings:
Here are the top teams to stack for May 28:
Milwaukee (early) – The Brewers and the Reds pounded out a bunch of runs on Friday night and the same thing could happen on Saturday afternoon with Chase Anderson and Alfredo Simon on the mound. Simon enters this start with a 10.16 ERA, a 6.72 FIP, and a 5.37 xFIP. He has no command and his control is subpar. There's nothing to like about him, so even stacking the Brewers is a good option. Simon will give up run-scoring opportunities, like he has in every start. Hopefully Milwaukee can cash in.
Miami (early) – Aaron Blair isn't quite ready for the big leagues, but the Braves don't care about wins and losses, so they can let him learn on the job. He's been able to keep the ball in the park, but he's has 12 walks against just eight strikeouts and opposing hitters have 28 hits in 21.1 innings of work. He can't work out of jams and has been in a lot of them. The Marlins should get some good hacks today.
Seattle (late) – The Mariners draw Phil Hughes tonight at Safeco Field and that represents an opportunity for scoring some runs. Seattle is a top-10 offense against lefties, ranking seventh in wOBA at .334 and fourth in wRC+ at 116. They have had lots of success with the lowest BABIP against RHP of any team in the top 10. Hughes likes to give up a lot of long balls and those add up in a hurry.
Here are the top value hitters for May 28:
Nick Castellanos (early) ($3,700) – Nick Castellanos has some strange reverse platoon splits this season, but we'll roll with it. On the strength of a .424 BABIP, Castellanos has a .369/.391/.608 slash against same-side pitching this season. He's actually in the midst of a breakout year, but his .423 wOBA and 173 wRC+ against righties really shine. Against Jesse Hahn, a pitch-to-contact right-hander, and with a day game in Oakland where the ball might carry a bit better, this is a good option at the hot corner.
Ryan Raburn (early) ($3,400) – It's a tough assignment against Madison Bumgarner, but Ryan Raburn's incredible platoon splits against LHP are too much to ignore at Coors Field. Raburn has posted a .267/.378/.663 slash against southpaws so far this season and he's batting .286/.313/.643 against them at Coors Field. In his career, Raburn is now a .264/.340/.492 hitter with the platoon advantage.
Colby Rasmus (late) ($3,500) – The Astros draw Jered Weaver on Saturday night. Weaver has actually thrown the ball well against the aggressive Astros since they moved over to the American League, but the potential is always there for a blow-up. Rasmus has hit all eight of his home runs off of right-handed pitching this season and has a .465 career SLG against righties.
Here are the top value pitchers for May 28:
Carlos Rodon (early) ($7,700) – The luck has to run out for this patchwork Kansas City lineup soon, right? They are trotting out a bunch of call-ups and MLB bench players while dealing with some injury issues, but they're still having success. Carlos Rodon has averaged nearly a strikeout per inning on the year. Walks have been his biggest problem and his 3.71 xFIP does suggest some regression coming. The Royals aren't overly patient, so this is a spot that sets up well for Rodon.
Wade Miley (late) ($9,100) – In a general sense, I'm not a big Wade Miley guy, but he does draw the best assignment possible here today. The Twins are dead last in wOBA against left-handed pitching at .260. They are also last in wRC+ at 60. Their .297 SLG is by far the worst mark in the league against that split. With the safety net of Safeco Field, there's no reason for Miley to struggle today.
Zack Greinke (late) ($11,100) – It's not cheap, but, like Miley, Zack Greinke draws the best possible matchup tonight. The Padres are 30th in wOBA at .271 against right-handed pitching on the season, with the second-lowest SLG and the second-lowest OBP. They are fourth in K% at 24.4 percent. Greinke is showing signs of coming out of his earl-season struggles and the Padres seem like a great reason for that to continue.


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|Dimensions (mm)
|25 x 13 x 3mm
|Weight (carats)
|not provided
|Certified Gemstone
MEMBER OF iNTERNATIONAL COLOURED ASSOCIATION COMMITED TO FULL DISCLOSURE OF STONES WITH A MONEY BACK GUARANTEE.
This is a natural untreated stone from China well polished and ready for setting.
Weight 10.45 cts app
Size 25 X 13 X 3 mm
Pietersite Also known as Tempeststone in the Pagan community, was discovered by Sid Pieters in 1962 while he was prospecting some farmland in Namibia, Africa. Currently there are only two known sources of pietersite; China and Africa. These two forms of pietersite are similar but still somewhat different from each other. The Chinese pietersite's fibrous mineral is a magnesium-rich alkalic amphibole. The African (Namibian) variety is mainly crocidolite.
The China form of pietersite is said to have been discovered in 1993, but did not come to market until 1997. This China pietersite exhibits slightly different color variations from Mr. Pieter's original mineral, but both are beautiful and are now universally recognized as pietersite.
The material found in China was formed from a mineral very similar to crocidolite, named torendrikite. Chinese pietersite has striking combinations of gold, red and blue color segments which sometimes also includes a deep golden brown color. Regardless of the source, pietersite will always have brecciated, fibrous bands of blue, gold and/or red tiger eye type fibers in quartz The fibrous structure in pietersite has been folded, stressed, even fractured and/or broken apart via the earth's geologic processes. The fibrous materials have then been reformed and naturally recemented together by quartz. Stones and crystals that go through this process are referred to as brecciated, creating a finished product with multiple colors, hues and superb chatoyancy.
While pietersite has the lovely chatoyancy of tiger eye, it is not found in continuously structured bands or fibers, more in swirls, swathes and fibrous (sometimes linear) segments. Thus the structure of the fibrous streaks in pietersite may appear rather chaotic, and can flow or exist in many directions side-by-side like bold paint strokes.
Colors include various blues, golds and reds, that may appear together or alone. Blue is the rarest color, followed by red. The blues range from a baby blue to dark midnight hue. Golds can be light to very deep and rich, sometimes having a reddish hue. All fibrous color variations will have a superb and striking chatoyancy, the bright and subtly changing shimmer of color that moves along the surface of a gemstone as it is viewed from varying angles.
Thanks for the fast delivery and the 5 star AAA+++ service (this is a very nice specimen)(MGW) SPECIMEN OF AMMONLITE CHELINOCERAS 85 CTS FP 231
Good communication and delivery2.47 CTS TSAVORITE (GREEN GARNET) ROUGH CRYSTAL [MGW3508]
Very pleased with this as well and thanks for your fast shipping and your AAA+++ 5 star serviceSNOW FLAKE OBSIDIEN 57 CTS [MGW1224]
Very nice thanks and thanks for the fast delivery and the 5 star AAA+++ serviceSNOW FLAKE OBSIDIEN 33 CTS [MGW1222]
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Upcoming Special Events
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In addition to its regular shows, Zanies is also available for corporate functions, Fundraisers, Special Events and comedy classes.
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Can a vegetarian person get a good meal at this restaurant?
Does this restaurant offer highchairs for toddlers?
Does this restaurant have private dining rooms?
Are the prices at this restaurant mid-range / moderate?
Is this restaurant good for dinner?
Is this restaurant good for lunch?
Can a vegan person get a good meal at this restaurant?
Does this restaurant offer delivery?
Does this restaurant specialize in Halal food?
Is this a Kosher restaurant?
Thanks for helping!
Took my wife here for our Valentine's dinner. Food was delicious, the staff and ambiance were great too! Will definitely recommend!
I enjoyed a superb service atop a myriad of delicious items off their menu! The Tuna Trio is out of this world! I highly recommend it ! Every one of the starters is excellent the 1/2 Oyster are good, bread is fanfreakintastic. Careful not to fill up too much, I suggest ordering a lot and bringing it home to enjoy...
Dish is an upscale meat hub. If you love a good cut of steak or rich food, then this is the place for you. The drinks and bar are a great place to hang and have professional or personal conversations. Everyone is friendly and the food is really good. The price is a little high, yet the quality and the...
Great restaurant and everyone is very friendly. Bar tender was great. When I am in Hartford this will be my go to place.
Stopped here for dinner on a Saturday evening prior to a show at Hartford Stage.
The service was good but the food was not anything special unfortunately. Was disappointed, as it had been a good experience in June 2016.
In particular the Lamb Rogan Josh that I had chosen was luke warm in temperature (not sufficiently hot) and the spices...
The waitstaff at Dish was very knowledgeable, the food was immaculately prepared and they have a solid wine cellar. The steak was done to perfection and the ahi tuna was amazing. Finish up with an espresso, a sambuca and a nice sweet.
I had the French onion soup and the house salad. My son ha,e buffalo burger. Both were very good. Service was good and friendly. Prices were reasonable for what looks like a more upscale establishment.
I ate here with my wife for lunch and a dinner both meals were really good. The staff was also excellent and warm. They really make you feel special here. A few highlights for me, meatloaf club they serve at lunch is excellent. Filet mignon also very good here. They have fresh made potato chips with a cheese sauce that...
Overpriced and very small portions. Waiter great though and S'mors dessert wonderful. $34.00 for four scallops over some mushy stuff that tasted funny. Nothing at all came with it. We asked for bread or rolls. Got heat and bake rolls like you buy in grocery store. Had to buy the good bread. With all the restaurants to choose from I...
I am are sorry to hear about your experience. The products we purchase for our restaurant are carefully selected from the best local sources and our prices reflect that. Our bread is baked fresh in house every day. Glad you enjoyed dessert and we hope you will reconsider visiting us in the future.
Recently on a Sunday afternoon I had some time to kill so I stopped at Dish for lunch and a drink. The reason I only give this an average rating is the menu on a Saturday afternoon is very limited and there were no drink specials. I did order Fish and Chips which were very good, so the food is...
Thank you for your review. We are not normally open on Saturday afternoon and opened early with a limited menu to accommodate. Our full menu as well as our bar menu is available during normal business hours. We hope to see you again!
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Do you have a private room available early on a Friday evening in May 3017 for 30 people? Looking for a wedding rehearsal.
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How to Get Out of Default on a Student Loan
Defaulting on a student loan has serious financial and legal consequences. But a loan default is not the end of the world — or the end of your credit. There are several ways you can get out of default, repay your debts, and repair your credit rating. The process begins with confronting the problem and finding practical, manageable ways to solve it.
No matter how carefully you plan your life after college, circumstances can change. Many new graduates have trouble finding jobs. Some discover that they want to follow a different career path. Others have serious misfortunes or setbacks and suffer financially as a result. If you've let your loans go into default, you're not alone. According to the U.S. Department of Education, student loan defaults are on the rise. In fiscal year 2010 and 2011:
- Students graduating from private for-profit schools defaulted at a rate of nearly 14 percent after two years and close to 22 percent after three years.
- Students graduating from public institutions defaulted at a rate of almost 10 percent after two years and 13 percent after three years.
- Students who graduated from private non-profit schools defaulted at a rate of just over 5 percent after two years and just over 8 percent after three years.
As the costs of higher education increase, so do the default rates on student loans. The sooner you confront the reality of student loan debt, the greater your chances of avoiding the serious consequences of default, such as added interest fees and penalties, garnished wages, and loss of eligibility for further loans. In some cases, you may even be sued for the full amount of the defaulted loan.
When Is a Student Loan in Default?
It doesn't take long for a student loan to go into default. Federal student loans typically go into default after you fail to make a payment for nine months, or 270 days. Private student loans can go into default as soon as three months, or 90 days, after you stop making payments. For repayment information on your specific loans, consult your promissory note. The promissory note is the contract you signed when you agreed to repay the debt. If you don't have access to this document, get in touch with your student loan provider.
Calling a lender or collection agency can be scary. A lot of graduates let their payments lapse simply because they feel frightened or overwhelmed by the idea of owing all that money. Don't let fear stand in the way of getting out of default and repairing your credit. The professionals on the other end of the phone will most likely be glad to work with you. Remember that it's always better to initiate contact with lenders or collection agencies than to wait for them to contact you.
If you contact the lending agency within 90 days after the 270- or 120-day default period, it's possible that the agency hasn't reported your loan as being in default. This means that you could start repaying the loan before your credit rating has been seriously harmed.
What Are My Options?
There are several options for repaying a defaulted student loan. Each strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. Your choice should be based on your financial resources, the status of your loans, and your plans for the future. With most repayment plans, you have only one chance to get out of default. If you stop making payments after making arrangements to pay off your debt, you could face severe financial consequences.
- Loan repayment. One option for getting out of default is to pay off the loan in full. The U.S. Department of Education and other lending agencies will accept reasonable and affordable monthly payments. Call your lender, or the agency that is contacting you about the default, to arrange a repayment. Loan repayment may be the best option if you are financially constrained and need to make payments that fit your budget. Be aware that if your loans have gone to a collection agency, the agency may not be as flexible about negotiating affordable payments.
- Loan consolidation. With a loan consolidation plan, federal student loans are combined in a single loan with one monthly payment. Direct Consolidation Loans are issued by the William D. Ford Direct Loan Program through the U.S. Department of Education. Consolidation can simplify the repayment process, and you may have as long as 30 years to pay your loan back. However, this means that you will end up paying more money in interest over the long-term. Consolidation is a good option if you want to qualify for other federal lending programs, such as a Federal Housing Association or Veterans Administration loan, or if you want to borrow more money to go back to school. Federal consolidation is available only for federal student loans — not for private loans. Private loans can be refinanced, though.
- Loan rehabilitation. If your priority is to repair your credit rating, loan rehabilitation is the best way to get out of default. With a rehabilitation plan, you must contact your lender or billing agency to negotiate a payment schedule that's reasonable and affordable to you. After you make the required number of payments voluntarily (typically nine payments in 10 months), the loan will be considered in rehabilitation. At that time, the default status will be removed from your credit report, and you will be eligible for other federal lending programs. Wage garnishment will stop, and you will continue to receive your federal tax refunds. However, any late payments or payments that you failed to make before the loan default will stay on your credit report.
- Loan cancellation or discharge. In certain cases, student loans can be cancelled, discharged, or forgiven. These cases include closure of the school you were attending, death, total and permanent disability, falsification of your eligibility for a loan by the school, or an unpaid refund to the Department of Education by your school if you withdrew from the institution. In very rare cases, student loans can be forgiven in the case of a bankruptcy. Student loans may also be forgiven through participation in programs like Teacher Loan Forgiveness and Public Service Loan Forgiveness. With these programs, you commit to working in a high-need area for a certain amount of time in exchange for having your loan reduced.
- Make a budget, and stick to it. Learning how to budget your income will help you avoid financial surprises and delinquencies. Staying within the limits of your budget will help you meet your financial commitments and achieve your dreams.
- Build an emergency savings fund. Saving money for unexpected expenses like car repairs, medical bills, or emergency travel can help you avoid tapping into your credit cards. In addition to setting aside money for savings each month, consider selling personal items that you don't need in order to create a financial cushion.
- Pay off current debts. According to statistics from CNN Money, college students graduated with an average of over $35,000 in debt in 2013. In addition to student loans, that amount included personal loans, credit cards, and money borrowed from family members. Paying off these debts will increase your financial freedom and help you avoid default in the future.
- Avoid acquiring new debt. Aside from keeping one credit card for emergencies or specific expenses, try to avoid personal debt. High-interest credit cards, in particular, can take a toll on your financial health. Before you purchase any new clothing, jewelry, equipment, or other personal items, give yourself 72 hours to think about whether you really need it.
- Pay all your bills on time. Every delinquent payment can take a toll on your credit rating. Paying your bills on time helps you establish yourself as a responsible lender.
- Learn about loan repayment and deferment options. In the future, you may decide that you want to go back to school to advance your education. If your defaulted loans have been rehabilitated, consolidated, or repaid, and your finances are in good standing, you can qualify for further loans. Before you borrow money, learn about your options for repaying or deferring your loan after you graduate. Today, there are many flexible programs for graduates who want to meet their commitments and avoid default.
When it comes to negotiating affordable repayment plans, lenders aren't always fair or honest with their student borrowers. If you feel that you're being treated unfairly by a lender or collection agency, you can file a complaint about your student loan with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Your lender will be required to respond within 15 days of receiving your complaint. The U.S. Department of Education's Federal Student Aid Ombudsman is another valuable resource if you find yourself in a dispute with a lender.
How Do I Repair My Credit?
Earning a college degree is a great accomplishment. Unfortunately, that degree doesn't guarantee immediate financial security. According to The Atlantic, over half of college graduates (53 percent) who earned bachelor's degrees in 2011 were unemployed or held low-paying jobs that didn't require a degree. Building a successful career and a stable financial foundation can take years. Meanwhile, it's easy to fall into the trap of relying on credit cards to cover basic expenses you advance in your profession. Many graduates default on their student loans because they are also burdened with personal debts, auto loans, and other financial commitments.
The best way to repair your credit after a student loan default is to negotiate a consolidation or repayment plan and make your payments on time. With loan rehabilitation, the default will be deleted from your credit report. But if you were delinquent on payments for your student loan or other debts, your score may still be damaged. Raising your score requires time, patience, and financial self-discipline, but it can be done. Here are a few tips for restoring good credit while building financial security for the years to come:
Top Student Loan Pages


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In keeping with the general theme that anybody can win it, New Zealand revived their World Twenty20 campaign yesterday with a pulsating finish. Their one-run victory, secured when Martin Guptill took a catch in the deep from the last ball of the game as Abdul Rehman struck for glory, will almost certainly mean, however, that the champions Pakistan will be eliminated.
It was the match that an entertaining but largely ungripping tournament probably needed, low scoring, fluctuating, in the balance to the last. New Zealand probably deserved to win because they defended their modest total of 133 for 7 so tigerishly.
That they had stuttered so far was thanks to their captain, Daniel Vettori, for whom the slogan leading from the front might have been minted. He made 38 from 34 balls when the innings might have foundered in the middle overs.
Still, New Zealand appeared not to have made enough but their changed strategy of hurling pace at the Pakistanis paid immediate dividends. In their previous matches in the tournament the Black Caps had used Nathan McCullum's moderate off breaks to open their bowling. Now they asked Shane Bond and Kyle Mills to bowl short and straight. This attack was embellished by Ian Butler who bowled his allocation in three spells, including the nerve-tingling final over.
Salman Butt provided the substance to Pakistan's reply but since he was 67 not out from 54 balls at the end it could be said that he had failed to finish the job. Pakistan lost wickets at regular intervals from the second over on but when the veteran Abdul Razzaq was in full sail it appeared they would get home. But Razzaq underclubbed to mid-wicket and that left a monumental scramble to make the runs. Twenty-two were needed off the final two overs, 11 off the last over, two off the last ball. It was in the end just too far.
If New Zealand could be relieved, the form team in this tournament are the form team in most tournaments these past two decades – surprise, surprise, Australia. They have never won a World Twenty20, an omission they are now clearly intent on rectifying.
Perhaps, in winning all three of their matches so far by a distance, they have peaked too soon. Perhaps. But they are bristling in a way that has become familiar in World Cups and was precisely how they were throughout the Champions Trophy last autumn when they won resplendently. Australia are beatable in the sense that in Twenty20 anybody is vulnerable. Hope must have stirred in Bangladeshi breasts the other day, for instance, when Australia stumbled to 65 for 6. But they recovered in a style that suggested this time they mean business.
Under new captaincy in a major one-day event for the first time since 1999, they have picked a team for a specific purpose. Michael Clarke, replacing the retired (from T20) Ricky Ponting, has barely had to show his leadership credentials. Australia are prepared to blast their way to the trophy, an ambition that the surfaces at the Kensington Oval, if not at Beausejour, will contrive to assist.
The sub-continental sides have been capricious, though you can never tell what lies in store. Sri Lanka have been kept afloat by the serene batting of Mahela Jayawardene who has made scores in the tournament of 81, 100 and 98 not out. He has been a delight to watch, giving the lie to the notion that all Twenty20 batsmanship has to be wham, bam.
But Sri Lanka have sometimes looked a weary side – being on the road day after day, year after year, does not so much dull the competitive juices as remove them. Sri Lanka's match against Australia, for whom competitive juices may as well be a replacement for mother's milk, will tell something of the story of what might happen.
India were ruthlessly dismantled by Australia, lending sustenance to the idea that the Indian Premier League may these days represent the height of their aspirations. Bangladesh were fitfully impressive but never looked as if they could seize the day.
West Indies, for all their victory against England in Georgetown when they had to bat for only six overs, look to be peripheral contenders, a disorganised mess. Australia – and now New Zealand – are far from that.
- More about:
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- Twenty20 Cup


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CIPFA's private finance initiative (PFI) advisory service will help public sector organisations identify and deliver savings in their PFI contracts.
The UK public sector has never before had to deal with the need to reduce expenditure and find savings on the current scale. Therefore, there can be no hiding place where inefficiencies may lurk, including the considerable sums of money that are paid in relation to large numbers of PFI/PPP projects. The time has come for all parties to recognise this national imperative and to work together to deliver real savings.
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Can a gluten free person get a good meal at this restaurant?
Is this restaurant good for lunch?
Are the prices at this restaurant mid-range / moderate?
Can a vegetarian person get a good meal at this restaurant?
Can a vegan person get a good meal at this restaurant?
Does this restaurant specialize in Halal food?
Is this a Kosher restaurant?
Is this primarily a coffee shop?
Thanks for helping!
We all had a really lovely meal out at this Restaurant. Recommended by all of us - we will be going back again.
The interior design of this restaurant gives a great first impression. Comfortably modern without pretension.
Nicely prepared food — both visually and tastefully. We tried the duck and lamb.
The wine list was well matched to the entrées and plat principal, with the Cab Franc being the predominant red grape in this wine region.
All in all, great service and...
Been here a few times and never disappoints. Excellently cooked food beautifully presented. Friendly atmosphere good service.
We were seated in a small, intimate room at the rear of the restaurant. The tables and setting was very modern with clean lines. Service was good and attentive. We had a foie gras appetizer, followed by well cooked rack of lamb. The wine list was fairly priced. It was a very enjoyable and relaxing meal.
We were a group of three visiting for dinner on a Sunday evening, with reservation (recommended). Very modern interior, intimate without feeling crowded or noisy - not sure how they managed that, but they did. The ladies working were both very nice and had no problem explaining any answers in English. For starters we had escargot and foie gras which...
This was within a short walk of our hotel and out of the main tourist drag but it packed a terrific punch for anyone interested in their food. We ate extremely well and 'madame' recommended two excellent local wines. With the friendly, welcoming service this is a place I'd readily return to if I'm in Saumur again in the near...
My wife and I went to L'Escargot following a recommendation from our accommodation hostess.
We were expecting a special night out based on the raves in TripAdvisor.
I had a Red Mullet salad for entree which was fantastic. My wife enjoyed a prawn salad.
For plat I had a Fillet Steak with Caramelized Onions and Potatoes baked in the oven...
We really enjoyed our meal at Escargot. We don't have brilliant French but the waitress was lovely and helped us to order the menu de jour which was a triumph - and for €20 per head it was absolutely excellent value. Beautiful decor, excellent wine list and a beautiful ambience.
Another restaurant in Saumur where a booking is essential for dinner, so it is well worth booking in advance if you are only in the area for one or two nights over a weekend.
The menu is not extensive, but there is sufficient choice. All dishes are beautifully presented and the flavours match the look of the plates. Was fortunate...
Really good quality food. Lunch set menu is of very good value. The restaurant also has a lovely and cozy backyard.
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Live updates
- ITV Report
Osborne plans corporation tax cuts for post-Brexit boost
George Osborne is planning to cut corporation tax to less than 15 per cent as part of a plan to give Britain a post-Brexit vote boost.Read the full story ›
Chancellor abandons plan to balance books by 2020
Chancellor George Osborne has abandoned his plan to balance the UK's books by 2020 because of the economic impact of the country's decision to leave the European Union.
ITV News business editor Joel Hills reports:
In a speech to business leaders in Manchester Mr Osborne said: "We must be realistic about achieving a surplus by the end of the decade."
He added that the UK "needs to reduce uncertainty by moving as quickly as possible to forming a new relationship with the EU".
As Bank Governor said: Ref result likely to produce large negative shock. How we respond will affect impact on jobs & growth
As the Bank of England said yesterday, the referendum result is as expected likely to lead to a significant negative shock for the British economy. How we respond will determine the impact on people's jobs and on economic growth.
The Bank of England can support demand, the Government must provide fiscal credibility so we will continue to be tough on the deficit but we must be realistic about achieving a surplus by the end of this decade and we need to reduce uncertainty by moving as quickly as possible to a new relationship with Europe and being super competitive...
The government must provide fiscal credibility, so we will continue to be tough on the deficit but we must be realistic about achieving a surplus by the end of this decade. This is precisely the flexibility that our rules provide for.
BREAKING: Chancellor to give up his plan to balance books by 2020. In light of economic shock after Brexit
Osborne 'still Chancellor' if Gove wins Tory leadership
Michael Gove is reported to want George Osborne to stay on as Chancellor if he wins the Conservative leadership contest and becomes Prime Minister.
Sources tell me Gove urgently wooing @george_osborne to stay on as chancellor if he wins.
- ITV Report
George Osborne 'will not enter Tory leadership contest'
Mr Osborne said he is "not the person to provide the unity my party needs".Read the full story ›
Osborne: Jo Cox's death should inspire less divisive politics
The death of Labour MP Jo Cox should inspire a less divisive political debate, Chancellor George Osborne has said.
Speaking on ITV's Peston on Sunday, Mr Osborne said there should be less "baseless assertions and inflammatory rhetoric" in the lead up to the June 23 referendum, and more "reasoned argument and facts".
He said there was a distinction to be made between addressing legitimate concerns about migration and "whipping up division" or "putting up that disgusting and vile poster that Nigel Farage did, which had echoes of literature used in the 1930s".
The chancellor paid tribute to Ms Cox and said he hopes there will be a memorial at Westminster "not just to her tragic death but to her incredible life".
Addressing the topic of the upcoming referendum, Mr Osborne said there would be no turning back if Britain votes to leave the EU.
"It's a one-way door to a much more uncertain world, where people's jobs, and their livelihoods are at risk," he said.
"If we vote to remain, we can have a prosperous and stronger economy going forward."
- ITV Report
Cameron and Osborne: Brexit would be 'a big mistake'
David Cameron and George Osborne have issued an impassioned appeal for a vote for Remain, warning that Brexit would be the "big mistake"Read the full story ›
- ITV Report
Osborne warns of £30bn Brexit tax hikes and cuts
Amid fears the leave campaign is gaining momentum, Osborne will say a "Brexit Budget" would be needed if Vote Leave wins on June 23.Read the full story ›
Brexit shockwave would hit NI, says Osborne
A Brexit economic shockwave would hit Northern Ireland extremely hard, George Osborne has warned.
The chancellor chose a visit to Warrenpoint Port in Co Down, which is a stone's throw from the Irish Republic, to outline his fears if there is a vote to exit the European Union on June 23.
Pointing to the Carlingford Lough waterway which separates the jurisdictions, Mr Osborne said:
Let's be clear, if we quit the EU then this is going to be the border with the European Union.
And all the things that those that want to quit the EU claim would happen - ie new immigration checkpoints, border controls and an end to free movement - that has a real consequence, and there would have to be a real hardening of the border imposed either by the British government or indeed by the Irish government.
Osborne: Brexit will hit financial services
The Chancellor George Osborne has warned against the impact on the financial services sector if Britain leaves the European Union.
Speaking at the JP Morgan Chase bank in Bournemouth, Mr Osborne said there would be "a big economic price to be paid" if Britain voted to leave the single market on June 23.
The 'Remain' campaigner described the European Union as a "massive economic opportunity" for Britain, and said 400,000 service sector jobs would be at risk in the event of a Brexit.
You can base your business here and you can do banking and financial services across the whole of the European Union, across a market of 500 million consumers.
That is a bigger market in terms of its wealth than the United States or China or anywhere else in the world. You can do that through the financial services passport, which means a bank like JP Morgan can base itself here, (and) doesn't have to set up subsidiaries in other European countries and as a result Britain is the big financial centre for the whole of Europe.
My concern is that if we quit the EU there will be a big economic price to be paid in this country.
- ITV Report
Brexit: Do the government's figures add up?
ITV News asked former Cabinet Office chief economist Jonathan Portes whether or not the UK was headed for a recession.Read the full story ›


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Pet Sitter in Holly Springs
Hi my name is luke and im a sinor at middle creek high school and im looking for a small job mon-fri around lunch time.
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9 Brugha Close Collingwood Park QLD 4301
Email Agent
Mortgagee in Possession9 Brugha Close, Collingwood Park
Unit 1 comes with 3 double bedrooms the master with walk in wardrobe and en suite bathroom, a spacious open plan living area with the kitchen at one end, a bathroom with a separate toilet, a laundry area in the hallway, and a single lock up garage. The kitchen boasts a ceramic cook top with pull out range hood, Electric bench mounted oven, a dishwasher and an island bench with bar.
Unit 2 has one bedroom, a 2 way bathroom to the bedroom, a laundry area, an open plan Living/Dining/Kitchen area and a single lock up garage. The kitchen in unit 2 has a ceramic cook top with a pull out range hood, electric bench mounted oven and a dishwasher.
Each unit has its own single lock up garage, private backyard with fold out clothes line and electric hot water system. Both units have ceiling fans and an air conditioner unit present. Both units have tiled floors throughout except for the carpeted bedrooms.
At a Glance:
- 483 m2 approx. block
- Located on a Cul-de-sac Street
- Unit 1 has three bedrooms, 2 bathrooms and a single lock up garage
- Unit 2 has one bedroom, a single bathroom and a single lock up garage
- Approximately 1.4 km to Woolworths at Collingwood Park Shopping Centre. *
- Approximately 1.5 km to the Woodlinks State School *
- Approximately 3.1 km to the Redbank Plaza *
- Each unit has a single lock up garage
- Each unit has its own fully fenced backyard
- Approx. build date of 2015
- Auction on Site 12/11/2016 @ 10.00 am
- Terms are 10% on the fall of the hammer the balance in 30 days
So inspect the photos and the then make your way to one of the Open for Inspections times and get yourself prepared for the Auction.
This property is being sold by auction or without a price and therefore a price guide cannot be provided. The website may have filtered the property into a price bracket for website functionality purposes only.
* As per www.whereis.com
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First National Westside
Goodna QLD, 4300
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Real Estate For Sale in Collingwood Park, QLD 4301 priced between $270,000 and $510,000


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Marching to the Sound of Gunfire
North West Europe 1944-5 New edition
By (author) Patrick Delaforce
Format: Paperback
Normal Price: $22.99
Your Price: $20.69 AUD, inc. GST
Shipping: $7.95 per order
You Save: $2.30! (10% off normal price)
Plus...earn $1.03 in Boomerang Bucks
Availability: Available to Backorder, No Due Date for Supply
Marching to the Sound of Gunfire by Patrick Delaforce
Book DescriptionIn this work, scores of British soldiers tell their amazing stories of life - and death - at the sharp end. In the 11 frenzied months of warfare that followed D-Day, these soldiers successfully drove the Nazi hordes back into their Fatherland, and beat them into surrender.
Buy Marching to the Sound of Gunfire book by Patrick Delaforce from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780750934251
(198mm x 127mm x 20mm)
Pages: 288
Imprint: Sutton Publishing Ltd
Publisher: The History Press Ltd
Publish Date: 24-Jul-2003
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author Patrick Delaforce
Monty's Highlanders, Paperback (November 2016)
The 51st Highland Division was the most famous infantry division that fought with the British Army in WW2. It was the only infantry division in the armies of the British Empire that accompanied Monty from during Alamein to Berlin.
Fourth Reich and Operation Eclipse, Paperback (June 2015)
Details the final weeks of the Second World War, including the surrender of Germany and the liberation of much of Europe
Onslaught on Hitler's Rhine, Hardback (March 2015)
The Story of Operations Plunder and Varsity, Monty's highly successful and often misunderstood swansong
Monty's Northern Legions, Paperback (August 2014)» View all books by Patrick Delaforce
How these divisions from the North of England and Scotland helped turn the war - first in North Africa then in Europe after D-Day
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Author Biography - Patrick Delaforce
Patrick Delaforce is a well -known and respected military writer and he has written many books for Sutton, including six books in our 'Regiments at War series.
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