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Canada. Employment Insurance
Site: Canada. Employment Insurance
Service: Compassionate Care Benefits
Add Record | Suggest Update | Suggest New Volunteer Opportunity | Print Version (New Window)
|Record #: OAK4081
|Last Full Update: 07 Nov 2016
|Contact Information
|Office Phone
|TTY Phone
|Social Media
| Twitter: twitter.com/ServiceCanada_E
YouTube: www.youtube.com/user/ServiceCanadaE
|Site Information
|Located In Community
|Physical Access
|Fully Accessible - Service Canada centres
|Agency and Service Names
|Alternate Name
|EI ; ServiceCanada
|Agency Information
|Legal Status
|(40) Federal Government
|Jan 2004
|Description and Service Details
|Description (Service)
|These benefits may be paid up to a maximum of 6 weeks to a person who has to be absent from work to provide care or support to a gravely ill family member at risk of dying within 26 weeks
* unemployed persons on EI can also ask for this type of benefit
Local offices for further information:
Burlington Service Canada Office
Georgetown Service Canada Office
Milton Service Canada Office
Oakville Service Canada Office
* detailed information is available on the Service Canada website
|The toll free telephone service is an automated service available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. If you prefer to speak to a representative, call this number between 8:30 am-4:30 pm, Monday to Friday, and press "0." You can get general information about the EI program, the Social Insurance Number (SIN), and your specific EI claim.
|Areas Served
|Halton Region
|To be eligible for compassionate care benefits you must apply and show that:
* your regular weekly earnings from work have decreased by more than 40%
* you have accumulated 600 insured hours in the last 52 weeks or since the start of your last claim (this period is called the qualifying period)
|You need to apply for EI benefits, since Service Canada first needs to determine whether you are entitled to receive them.
* you must submit an EI application online as soon as possible after you stop working
* to apply, use any computer with internet access and visit the Service Canada website
* you can apply at home, at any Service Canada Centre using one of the Internet kiosks available, or at a public internet access site like a public library
* the website takes you step by step through the application process
* it could take up to one hour to complete the application online
|English ; French
|Categories and Classification
|Service Categories
|Employment Insurance ~ Caregiver Issues
Agency Overview
Locations for this Service
Any omissions are unintentional and HIP disclaims any liability for unauthorized use or reproduction of any portion of this site. For a complete copyright and license statement please refer to our Terms of Use.


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The Cornell Animal Hospital is a full service veterinary clinic located in Guelph, Ontario. Established in 1987, the clinic emphasizes preventative medicine as the key to your pet's health and longevity. We have state-of-the-art facilities which allow us to administer exceptional medical, surgical and dental care along with non-drug therapies such as laser therapy.
Now that winter is upon us, be aware of the concerns that come with the cold and darkness. You and your pooch can still enjoy those crisp winter morning walks, but be sure you are aware of some of the issues that come along with the season. To learn all about these, read the following flyer:
For tinsel, chocolate, pointsettias, strings of lights and a whole range of other perils for your pets. Be aware of things that could cause problems at this time of year, by reading the following flyer:
BUY ONLINE AND SAVE $$$. We are happy to announce that our online Webstore offers all our recommended foods and treats at 5% less than the cost of the identical in-clinic product.
Eligible foods will automatically be entered in the "Buy 9, Get 1 Free" Program.
To set up an account, please click the link below to register and get started saving immediately!
Providing the best food for your pet just got cheaper!
Certain foods apply for the Cornell Animal Hospital "Food Rewards Program" and we can automatically sign you up when you make your first purchase. This program also applies to eligible Webstore purchases.
Mel Fickling, RVT, and Olivia Sparks, TA, are both involved in the St. Johns Ambulance Therapy Dog Program.
Mel is the Record Keeper for the K-W program
Olivia takes her pal, Zeke, with her to local retirement homes.
We are very pleased to have Terra back at CAH again! Terra previously worked at the clinic while completing her undergraduate and D.V.M degrees, from 2004-2010. After completion of her D.V.M. degree she started work as a general practitioner in the Cambridge area prior to re-joining the Cornell Animal Hospital team.
Welcome Terra!
Our clinic has made the commitment to you and your cat by becoming a certifiedCAT FRIENDLY PRACTICE

subset: commoncrawl


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Find a Sitter
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Boulder, CO
Central Boulder
Pup's vacation = better than yours!
Pup's vacation = better than yours!
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Boarding, Sitting, Daycare, & More
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Tricia N.
34 Reviews
17 Repeat Guests
Boarding, Sitting, Daycare, & More
View Details
Overnight At Sitter's Home
Overnight At Your Home
Daycare At Sitter's Home
Dog Walking
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Other Sitters Nearby
Same day bookings are OK
Responds within 35 minutes
Cancellation Policy:
Pet Requirements
1-20 lbs
20-40 lbs
40-80 lbs
80+ lbs
All Ages OK
List of Pets OK for House Sitting
Dogs, Cats, Fish, Rabbits, gerbils, hamsters, or pet rodents, Caged birds, Reptiles
Tricia's Resident Pets
7 yr 6 mo old
Tricia's House
View Neighborhood Map
Children at home (13-18 years old)
Large Yard
100% fenced
Smoke-free home
Pets allowed on furniture
Air-conditioned inside
About Tricia
11 Years Experience Caring For Dogs
Need a place for your pup that is like home while you are away? Our 3/4 acre yard and animal loving home is it! We moved here from Maryland summer of 2015 with our 3 kids and 7 year old female Poodle/Golden/Springer mix and are loving it! Chili has her Open Space Tag so we hike off leash all over Boulder.
UPDATE 1/17: 2016 was an amazing year!! We loved meeting so many people and caring for
so many amazing pups!! Currently, our home is under renovation so we are needing to pivot our business model a bit for a while. I am leaving the calendar open for when we are in town and will try to accommodate all requests. The best situation now is to have one of us (Eric or I) stay at your home with your dog(s) if you are open to that option. Thanks for your patience while we renovate!
We prefer to take Chili with us whenever we can so we completely understand how important it is to find a comfortable place to leave your pup when you must. Our home has a large fenced yard for dogs to roam free (3/4 acre) as well as a large chain link dog pen for dogs who might need a little privacy.
We will treat your dog like family! Your dog will join Eric, Tricia, and Chili on a daily walk/hike/swim around Boulder - no matter what the weather is like - and be allowed to curl up and rest on a comfy space! Our 2 girls, aged 16 and 13, are fantastic with animals too (our son too but he is off to college most of the time). Chili has been trained only through positive methods and someone is at home MOST of the day!
Special diet? Medications? Your house rules (like no going on furniture)? NO Problem! Tricia has raised ducks to goats and many creatures in between - we love it all and know some need a little more than others!
Please note:
We require a meet and greet before we will board for the day or overnight. Now that pup is covered, happy trip planning. We look forward to meeting you!
Read More about Tricia...
Contact Tricia
Can administer oral medicine
Can administer injected medicine
Special Needs Accommodated
Pets recovering from surgery
Separation anxiety
Leash Pulling
Not yet house-trained
Advanced senior issues
Tricia N.
34 Reviews
17 Repeat Guests
Boarding, Sitting, Daycare, & More
View Details
Overnight At Sitter's Home
Overnight At Your Home
Daycare At Sitter's Home
Dog Walking
Request Reservation
Contact Tricia
Other Sitters Nearby
Same day bookings are OK
Responds within 35 minutes
Cancellation Policy:
1 Spot Left
Last updated February 13, 2017
Background Checked
This sitter has passed a background check, which searches a variety of criminal databases.
Course 101 Graduate
By completing courses at DogVacay University, hosts learn about best practices to help them provide the highest quality care for your dog.
Course 102 Graduate
By completing courses at DogVacay University, hosts learn about best practices to help them provide the highest quality care for your dog.
Facebook Connected
This Host has provided DogVacay access to their Facebook information.
Pack Promoter
Pack Promoters are active members of the community who promote DogVacay and hosting best practices.
Pay through DogVacay for:
Premium Pet Insurance, 24/7 Customer Support and Daily Photo Updates!
Services & Rates
Boarding Overnight At Tricia's Home
Watches up to 4 dogs/night
Dogs may be unsupervised for 2 - 4 hours/day
5+ potty breaks/day
2 walks/day
Pets can sleep wherever they want
House Sitting Overnight At Your Home
Dogs may be unsupervised for 2 - 4 hours/day
Willing to travel 10 miles
Daycare At Tricia's Home
Watches up to 4 dogs/day
Dog Walking
Willing to travel 10 miles
Willing to travel 10 miles
each way
Willing to travel 25 miles
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Trudy H.
Dec 2016
Our pup had a great time. We always know when he has a good time, he sleeps for a day and a half when he gets home. Also, the best part, Tricia
sent us pictures of him playing with his new friends. I'm pretty sure our dog had as much fun on his vacation as we did on ours! Everything about this experience went as smoothly as it could, from the meet and greet, to the drop off and pick up. It was perfection!
Read More...
Anna K.
Nov 2016
Mikey had a wonderful time with Tricia and her family! They took such loving care of him. I got pics along the way and Tricia was very communicative. I am already booking my next trip and Mikey gets to have another vacay too :).
Lee Ann S.
Oct 2016
Philo had a great time on his vacay. He went on family outings and slept in the bed and got to play with other dogs. The large fenced yard was
terrific for my gentle giant to play in. He came home and rested after all his fun. Thank you for taking good care of Philo.
Read More...
Mindy S.
Oct 2016
Our two labs had a wonderful time with Tricia and her family while we were on our honeymoon. She sent pictures frequently and was very responsive.
The pups really enjoyed their spacious back yard and you could tell when we picked them up that they were happy and not stressed. We will definitely use Tricia again for our dogvacy needs.
Read More...
Juliette B.
Oct 2016
Echo had a great 24 hours & did not want to leave his new furry friends. He is looking forward to his next visit!
Kristina B.
Oct 2016
Tricia was a wonderful hosted for my puppy. It was my first time leaving her and Tricia sent lots of pictures and updates. I knew she was getting a lot of love and attention.
Kristina B.
Oct 2016
Cayenne had a couple days for daycare before my trip and came back happy and had a great day! I knew she would love staying with Tricia and her family while I traveled.
Kristina B.
Oct 2016
Cayenne had a great day with Tricia, followed Chili around and loved the freedom of a big yard. It was perfect day for her.
Robbie V.
Sep 2016
Tricia, Eric and their girls are the perfect pet hosts. The dogs are welcome inside and out, lots of room, lots of love. And most importantly, Roux loves his visits. Truly grateful.
Rodger C.
Aug 2016
Tricia's place was great for Dusty (2 yr 15 lbs terrier). She stayed for two nights. We came over for a quick meet and greet to make sure she got
along with Tricia's dog and other day borders. Tricia and her family were very welcoming and flexible. Highly recommended!
Read More...
susan b.
Aug 2016
This was our first experience with DogVacay. Tricia and her family were phenomenal! After meeting Tricia and her family (including Chili) during
the meet and greet, we knew Kipper would be well cared for AND have a fabulous vacation. We enjoyed receiving pictures of Kipper playing during his stay. Kipper would love to return to Tricia's. We definitely will take him there again.
Read More...
Gopal S.
Aug 2016
Tricia has been a great host for Decker. She has a huge yard fenced in yard for the pups to play in. She sends regular pictures and takes the dogs on
hikes. My pup always makes new friends and comes home exhausted from playing. I recommend Tricia if you have a sociable dog.
Read More...
Michael K.
Aug 2016
We are very pleased with the quality of care that our 9 yr old Golden Doodle received at Dog Vacay. It's clear that he was well taken care of with lots of exercise and TLC. We'll be a repeat customer.
Heather S.
Aug 2016
Tricia was excellent!! I have two young dogs that require watching and exercising and she attended to their needs! Her yard is large and she loved
my dogs like I would! She sent pictures daily and the dogs were so happy there. I will definitely use Tricia again!!!
Read More...
Amy B.
Jul 2016
Fantastic experience! Our small dog came home tired but happy--they have a big back yard, and (based on pictures) there was lots of play time with
other dogs and relaxing time, too. Trish and her family were great. Not only did we receive texted pictures during our trip, but she was also incredibly flexible when our flight was delayed and we had to pick Bruce up the following day. Highly recommend. Thanks again!
Read More...
Reasa C.
Jun 2016
Pearl seemed to really enjoy her time with Tricia. She was pooped for several days after, which was a nice bonus. Tricia was wonderful to deal with and her home and property are so beautiful, a perfect environment for dogs to play.
Jennifer G.
Jun 2016
This was our first experience using DogVacay and Tricia and her family have converted me over! At the Meet and Greet I felt very comfortable upon
seeing their awesome outside play space and knew my dog would have a blast there. Tricia kept me updated with photos and notes throughout our trip. We were very pleased!
Read More...
Jeanice T.
Jun 2016
Tricia and her family were amazing hosts. Prior to accepting Penny into their home, we did a meet and greet to ensure that both parties felt
comfortable. It was reassuring to know that Penny would be in good hand!
Tricia has a huge, shaded backyard with ample running rooms for the dogs. In addition, Tricia and her family are extremely attentive to the dogs they care for. They even noticed that Penny was eating very little and added some pumpkin to her food... what a treat!
When Penny returned home after her 3 day vacay, she was pooped! I knew she had a great time staying with Tricia and her family. THANK YOU again for watching Penny!
Read More...
Randall U.
May 2016
Izzie and Stella (GSPs) had a great time immediately zeroing in on the big back yard with squirrels keeping them occupied and active the whole time. I'll be back with the "pointer sisters"
Pat M.
May 2016
Tricia and family provided a perfect environment for my pup. Excellent communication and pics during the week. Highly recommend!
Jana S.
May 2016
Tricia is an outstanding hostess. She took great care of Charlie.. I would not hesitate to leave Charlie with her again. She is great.
Abbie L.
Apr 2016
Our puppy loved her weekend with Tricia and the family. She got a lot of attention and exercise and loved the chance to play in a bigger yard than we had. We would definitely leave her with them again.
Susan A.
Apr 2016
Tricia and family are the best. Cody was so happy playing in their large yard and being loved that he really didn't want to leave. Tricia sent great photos while we were traveling. She is so nice to work with and treated Cody like family.
Jana S.
Apr 2016
Tricia and her family were great! We could tell from the pictures she sent that Charlie was enjoying himself. Their large yard was the perfect
place for our lumbering Labrador to romp. He did well with the other dogs and came home quite content.
In fact, it appears he's mellowed some since his stay there.
I would recommend Tricia in a heartbeat. She was great to work with and I totally trusted her with our dog. We will definitely use her services again.
Read More...
Susan O.
Apr 2016
I couldn't have found a better place to take my three month old puppy, Arlo! Tricia and Eric are extremely knowledgeable about dogs and took care of Arlo as if he was their own. I highly recommend them without any reservations!
Joseph (Joe) S.
Apr 2016
Tricia was very helpful! My normal dogsitter was unavailable, and she took in my pup Yogi on short notice. While Yogi was a bit too exuberant for her
dog, she managed to tire him out and leave him happy at the end of the day nonetheless. Highly recommended!
Read More...
Sarah L.
Mar 2016
Tricia and her family were amazing! They were so inviting and amazing with Remus and all they wanted to do was learn how we wanted to train him so they could support it.
Bailey M.
Mar 2016
My dog loved it. They had a huge backyard perfect for energetic dogs like mine. They were very nice and checked in a lot.
Elaine K.
Mar 2016
Cosmo definitely had his own vacation with Tricia and Eric while we were away. They are wonderful, responsible hosts, and we would return again in a
heartbeat. Their backyard is basically a private dog park. Cosmo had so much fun, and I think felt a bit let-down to come back to his one-dog household :)
Read More...
Kristina B.
Mar 2016
Tricia and Eric were great with Cayenne my puppy. It was her first stay away from home, so anxious puppy and parent. It was so wonderful to get updates and know she was being snuggled and loved and she loves their dog Chili and lovely daughter.
Charles S.
Mar 2016
Tricia and her family were absolutely AWESOME!!! We could not have asked for a more friendly, loving and welcoming family to watch my mother's dog.
When my mother and her pup come to visit again we definitely will go back to Tricia and her family. Thank you so much for everything!
Read More...
Rebecca R.
Feb 2016
My dog was relaxed and chilled out when I picked her up from Tricia's house, which tells me she was very comfortable there. And she slept like a log
the next day, which tells me she had a great time playing with Tricia's dog and her kids! Tricia, her husband Eric, and their kids are so warm and welcoming, it makes me wish I were a dog and could hang out with them. ;-) I know my dog is looking forward to her next stay with them.
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Julie T.
Feb 2016
Tricia and Eric were great to work with. Responded super quickly and sent us updates on our pup. He seemed very happy there and we would highly recommend.
Ashley S.
Jan 2016
Tricia and her family were amazing hosts - I knew my dog was in good hands, which made a stress-free weekend. He had a wonderful time running around their large yard, playing with their dog, Chili. He came home happy and tired.
Read All 34 Reviews
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George Little
367pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
|George Little
George Little is the dueteragonist of Stuart Little and the series, the tetartagonist of Stuart Little 2, a minor character of Stuart Little: Call of the Wild. He is Frederick and Eleanor Little's son, Stuart and Martha's older brother, and one of Snowbell's owners.
Early life
Coming soon!
George Little is good-tempered, exuberant, optimistic, rational, gentle, eager, loving, independent, trustworthy, thoughtful, level-headed and encouraging.
Coming soon!


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Apple vs. Samsung: A sign that the Dynamics of the Consumer Electronics Industry is Changing
I was not going to blog about the big Apple vs. Samsung IP battle, as in my view IP and patent battles are only for organizations with deep pockets and that the money used to pay the lawyers should be better spent on the next big thing.
However, one evening at a recent screening of the Design & Thinking Movie we organized for our close friends, an old ally asked what I thought about Apple's win.
I replied that it was a big win for innovation. Immediately, I wondered where that comment came from?
You see, in the consumer electronics industry there is one company everyone loves to hate. So much so that in any business or product strategy formulated, there is always a defensive plan on "what Samsung would do" and to prepare for it in a big way.
Companies constantly looked over their shoulders and hoped that the Samsung "Fast Follower" juggernaut would not be lurking too close by. A "Fast Follower" design strategy means that Samsung would pick the winners, then follow their winning x-factor but make it just a little better through product spec and design. Did I mention that they also often made it cheaper?
It is by being cheaper that's where many of the contrarian views of Apple's win come from.
Enrique Gutierrez, chief technology officer of Digithrive, observed anecdotally that customers at Starbucks complained that they have overpaid for an Apple product, when they can get the "same" product by Samsung at a cheaper price.
This has always been the intended outcome of Samsung's Fast Follower strategy.
Former Microsoft employee and tech blogger, Robert Scoble writes: "I think this is actually a sizable win for Samsung. Why? It only cost $1 billion to become the #2 most profitable mobile company."
Robert implies that through "following" Apple, Samsung has acquired market share cheaply and with little risk. Really, you can't help but grudgingly respect what Samsung is all about.
Personally, I disagree with Enrique's observation. I have separately observed or was told by many Samsung converts who were tempted by the larger screens, thinner bodies, cheaper prices etc. and then complain how unsatisfying the Samsung experience is. Worst still many of them could not get used the system and can't wait for the next iPhone. (Which has just come out!)
This "same but better" is only a knee-jerk reaction and is likely temporary. When people know a better way, it's hard to go back. And this is where a "fast follower" design strategy has its biggest Achilles' heel. Trying to be better than the best does not always work, especially when it is not very clear what makes the company the best.
Anyways, (going back to the patent battle) while I still believe the money is better spent on R&D, the times are changing. It is getting harder to stay ahead, and you can see the strain on Apple when Tim Cook mentioned in the recent AllThingsD interview "…it is important [that] Apple not be the developer for the world. We just want other people to invent their own stuff." I agree with his last point. There are many smart people at Samsung, and some of their designs are pretty good. But one can sometimes wonder why they don't create their own radical breakthrough innovations? I'm sure they can well afford it.
Apple is one of the few companies who have successfully outsourced almost all their products and components, and still manage to stay ahead of their competitors. If you consider the amount of Samsung components that go into Apple products, and that many enterprising employees of manufacturing companies in China are leaking Apple parts for money, it is truly very tough to keep customers surprised and stay ahead of the competition. When was the last time you were truly surprised with a new Apple product offering?
Just to elaborate on my previous point a little more, sources close to me have indicated that many 3rd party iPhone cover manufacturers have long confirmed the iPhone 5's dimensions and have been spewing out tons of cases in the months leading up to the launch of the iPhone 5.
So what will happen next? I'm honestly not too sure and would love to hear your thoughts. Whatever it is, the consumer electronics world is so tightly integrated these days that it will be interesting to see how things pan out in the coming months.
Photo Via: Mashable.
Brian Ling (Design Sojourn)
Brian is a multidisciplinary Design Leader with more than 18 years of experience leading strategic design programs that drives successful Brands and Fortune 500 businesses such as GE, Philips, Nakamichi, Flextronics, Ericsson, Hannspree, and HP. His passion is in helping organisations leverage on Design Driven Innovation to make people's lives better.
Leave a Reply
5 Comments on "Apple vs. Samsung: A sign that the Dynamics of the Consumer Electronics Industry is Changing"
Great read, keep on posting posts of this standard and of course you will have
a really compelling blog.
I personally think they should just spend their money innovating, rather than going on 'patent wars'. I can almost assure you of a retaliation coming from Samsung. Then again, that would be interesting…
I agree with what was said by Maira Hedge. The samsung has a very good line of products and services.


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MAVESO from IGNOU – Get a brief detail about MAVESO Offered by IGNOU University. Here you can find MAVESO Programme Fees, Its Eligibility, Age Bar, Time Duration, Syllabus Structure and more at One Place.
Programme Full Name: Masters in Vedic Studies
Programme Minimum Duration: 2 Years
Programme Maximum Duration: 6 Years
- Completed under graduate degree or its equivalent. Has good knowledge of English and Internet basic
Age Bar: Minimum: 18 years
Programme Fees: Rs 52000/-
Available Medium:
Popular Pages of IGNOU MAVESO. Click and Explore Now:
|IGNOU MAVESO Admission
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|IGNOU MAVESO Admit Card
|IGNOU MAVESO Exam Time Table
|IGNOU MAVESO Result
|IGNOU MAVESO Exam Form


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By EMTG Co., Ltd.
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
This is the application of MISIA, who is a Japanese female singer.
You can view her latest information and enjoy special contents which feature her latest works, live tour, etc.
These pages include basic information and some special contents such as her comment to her works, message to fans.
What's New in Version 2.0.1
* renewaled the top page.
iPhone Screenshots
- Free
- Category: Music
- Updated: Nov 16, 2015
- Version: 2.0.1
- Size: 6.6 MB
- Languages: English, Japanese
- Seller: EMTG Co., Ltd.
- © Rhythmedia Inc.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 5.1.1 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad 2 Wi-Fi, iPad 2 Wi-Fi + 3G, iPad Wi-Fi (3rd generation), iPad Wi-Fi + Cellular (3rd generation), iPad Wi-Fi (4th generation), iPad Wi-Fi + Cellular (4th generation), iPad mini Wi-Fi, iPad mini Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad Air, iPad Air Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad mini 2, iPad mini 2 Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad Air 2, iPad Air 2 Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad mini 3, iPad mini 3 Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad mini 4, iPad mini 4 Wi-Fi + Cellular, 12.9-inch iPad Pro, 12.9-inch iPad Pro Wi-Fi + Cellular, 9.7-inch iPad Pro, 9.7-inch iPad Pro Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPod touch (4th generation), iPod touch (5th generation), and iPod touch (6th generation).


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This is your resource to discuss support topics with your peers, and learn from each other.
My father used to have a device that could create a hotspot for his Blackberry Tour by simply plugging it in. Is there such a device for the Torch?
Appreciate the help...
I used to have the ability to use my phone over the internet through a wireless router as a hot spot when I had my wireless service through T-Mobile. At my particular location I had very little reception but with the wireless router and a WiFi phone that all changed to having excellent reception and no more roaming. Where the AT&T service is sporadic at best here I was hoping that AT&T might enhance there service connection with the same or similar technology. Imagine how much better the service would be if the many AT&T customers had hot spots at their homes?


text:
Uneven muscle growth
Hi. I have low muscle growth in left then right. And I can not seat with back support (like chair) because my right shoulder turns out. Please help.
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Doctor Answers (1) on Uneven muscle growth
Dr. Kiswar Asif Deen
9 yrs. of exp | Coimbatore | Clinical Physiotherapist
do u have any spinal problems like scoliosis. if u have not diagnosed please consult a near by doctor to find out for scoliosis.
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We studied whether complement receptor (CR) mediated Mycobacterium avium interaction modulated macrophage TNF-α expression. Compared to control conditions, infections performed with C3-depletion yielded significantly higher TNF-α levels. Blockage of the CR4 iC3b site yielded increases in TNF-α for all morphotypic variants of a virulent serovar-8 strain (smooth transparent (SmT), smooth opaque (SmO), serovar-specific glycopeptidolipid (ssGPL) deficient knockout mutant) whereas CR3 blockage increased TNF-α only for SmT and ssGPL-deficient strains. Thus, complement-mediated binding of M. avium to CR3 and CR4 was shown to modulate TNF-α expression. The differential activation of morphotypic and isogenic variants of a single strain provides an excellent model system to delineate signaling pathways.
Mycobacterium avium, a prevalent opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised patients, resides and replicates inside the macrophages of the infected host. Upon contact of M. avium with the host macrophage, reactions such as production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, release of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) are triggered [[–[]. It is widely accepted that the level of macrophage TNF-α expression has important consequences for host immunity [[,[]. In vivo, TNF-α induction by M. avium correlates with increased granuloma formation, resulting in rapid containment and clearance of the infectious focus [[,[], whereas inhibition of TNF-α expression by virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. avium is associated with increased bacterial survival [[,[,[].
Mycobacteria can bind to a number of macrophage receptors such as the complement receptor types 1, 3 and 4 (CR1, CR3, CR4), CD14, mannose receptor (MR), transferrin receptor, and Fc receptors to gain entry into the macrophage [[,[0]. CR3 (CD11b/CD18) in particular, maintains intimate connections with the actin cytoskeleton and is crucial to the uptake of intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria [[1–[3]. Opsonin-mediated uptake is partially controlled by the bacterium since M. avium has been shown to recruit complement fragment C2a to form a C3 convertase and generate active C3 breakdown products [[4]. Receptor preference at the time of bacterial entry is considered to determine subsequent intracellular processing by the infected host cell. In fact, utilization of CRs by the intracellular pathogens Leishmania donovani, Histoplasma capsulatum, Mycobacterium leprae, and Legionella pneumophila to enter the macrophage, allows these organisms to avoid phagocytic pathways that induce the respiratory burst [[5,[6].
A link between receptor usage and early signal transduction events has been recently demonstrated for M. avium strain 2151 SmO. This strain utilizes CD14 to manipulate TNF-α synthesis via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway [[7]. While it has been demonstrated by Aderem and Underhill [[8] and Forsberg et al. [[9] that TNF-α regulates CR3-mediated MAPK activation, respiratory burst, and phagocytosis, the converse i.e., a role for CR3 in regulating TNF-α has never been studied although work done by Bohlson et al. [[0] suggests that complement-mediated interactions may not impact TNF-α activation.
Non-virulent strains of M. avium stimulate more TNF-α compared to virulent strains [[1], however, the bacterial surface structures modulating TNF-α activation have not been identified. The glycopeptidolipids (GPL) represent the most abundant cell wall component of M. avium and are situated on the outermost surfaces of the cell [[2], thus making them likely ligands to mediate bacterial–host interactions. Studies have suggested a role for serovar-specific GPL (ssGPL) in the pathogenesis of M. avium infection as highly antigenic molecules affecting host immune function. These data have relied on comparison of strains representing different serovars or have used purified and/or chemically modified GPL and GPL components [[3].
In a previous study, we disrupted the M. avium rhamnosyltransferase (rtfA) gene via homologous recombination to construct isogenic mutants devoid of serovar-8 specific GPL using an allelic exchange vector incorporating a temperature-sensitive plasmid origin of replication and sacB [[4]. In this study, we investigate whether serum C3, and macrophage receptors such as CR3, and CR4 are involved in M. avium–macrophage interaction and whether they modulate TNF-α induction among M. avium strains differing in ssGPL expression.
Materials and methods
Bacterial strains and reagents
M. avium 920A6 is a serovar-8 bloodstream isolate cultured from a patient with AIDS that exists as smooth opaque (SmO) and smooth transparent (SmT) morphotypes [[5,[6]. 213R.4 is a ssGPL-null (serovar-null) strain of 920A6 SmO generated by allelic exchange mutagenesis for the rtfA gene [[4]. Strain 233R.1 created by transformation of 213R.4 with wild-type rtfA gene incorporated into an integrative vector, contains only a single-copy of rtfA, and demonstrates a pattern of ssGPL and nsGPL similar to the parent wild-type strain [[4].
M. avium was grown in Middlebrook 7H9 sucrose broth or 7H11 agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI) supplemented with 10% oleic acid dextrose complex (OADC) at 37°C. Bacteria were grown to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.4, diluted with an equal volume of 10% glycerol, frozen on dry ice–ethanol, and stored as 1 ml aliquots at −80°C. One aliquot of frozen bacteria of each type was serially diluted to determine baseline colony forming units (cfu) and to confirm colony morphotype. Prior to infections, bacteria were thawed on ice and repeatedly passaged through a 27-gauge syringe to disengage any clumps.
Macrophage infections and TNF-α measurements
The murine macrophage cell line, J774A.1 (ATCC, TIB-67) was used in this study and propagated in RPMI medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) without added antibiotics. To rule out variability in results concerning the involvement of serum proteins, only one source of FBS was used throughout the study to generate heat-inactivated and complement-depleted serum. Heat-inactivated serum was generated by heating FBS at 56°C for 30 min. In studies where C3-depleted serum was used, FBS was incubated with fractionated C3 antiserum (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) at a ratio of 8:1 (FBS:antiserum) for 30 min at 37°C. To investigate the role of serum proteins and serum opsonins in TNF-α synthesis, J774A.1 cells were grown to confluence in RPMI with 10% heat-inactivated FBS or 10% C3-depleted serum as indicated above.
To derive murine bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), bone marrow cells from femurs were cultured (5 × 106 cells ml−1, 37°C, 5% CO2), in complete DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM l-glutamine, penicillin (100 units ml−1), streptomycin (100 μg ml−1), and 30% (vol/vol) L-929 cell-conditioned medium, to provide macrophage growth factor. To eliminate contaminating fibroblasts, nonadherent bone marrow cells were transferred after 24 h to nontissue culture petri dishes and grown in L929 cell-conditioned complete DMEM medium for 7 days. Adherent BMDMs were lifted by incubation in PBS (20 min, 4°C, 5% CO2) and used for this study.
Endotoxin-free anti-CR3 Mac-1 and anti-CR4 monoclonal antibodies (moAb) M1/70 and HL3 against the iC3b epitope of the I domain of murine CD11b (CR3) and CD11c (CR4), respectively, were purchased from Pharmingen (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA) and used at a concentration of 15 μg ml−1 [[7].
To investigate the role of serum proteins and serum opsonins in TNF-α synthesis, J774A.1 cells previously grown in RPMI medium with 10% FBS were subcultured into culture flasks and grown to confluence (?3 days) at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2 in RPMI medium containing either 10% FBS, 10% heat-inactivated FBS or 10% C3-depleted FBS. The cells were then subcultured into 24-well tissue culture plates (with three independent wells per test condition) and grown for ?1 day to confluence (5 × 105 cells per well) under the same culture conditions. Identical steps were taken to determine the involvement of serum proteins and M. avium GPL in TNF-α induction in murine BMDMs.
On the day of infection, for blocking studies using anti-CR3 moAb M1/70 and anti-CR4 moAb HL3, the J774A.1 cells were washed twice, and fresh medium added, including moAbs M1/70 or HL3 to a final concentration of 15 μg ml−1. The cells were incubated for 1 h at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2 after which time the supernatant was discarded, the cells were washed twice to remove any residual moAb, and were ready for infection with isogenic M. avium strains.
M. avium strains were used to infect murine macrophage J774A.1 and BMDMs at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 bacteria per cell. After a 1 h infection period at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2, supernatants were collected and frozen at −20°C until analysis. TNF-α expression was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the murine TNF-α kit as per the manufacturer's directions (OptEIA, Pharmingen, San Diego, CA). The limit of detection was 10 pg TNF-α ml−1. All conditions were repeated twice to ensure consistency of observations.
Statistical analysis
Data were compared across strains and culture conditions using 1-way ANOVA, with subsequent pairwise comparisons via Tukey's Studentized Range Test. An alpha value of p≤ 0.05 was used to assess statistical significance. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD).
Several cytokines appear to play a critical role in host defense against intracellular pathogens, and TNF-α, a cytokine produced primarily by macrophages, may be involved in the early host response against M. avium[[–[]. Thus, the purpose of our present study was to explore whether serum proteins and/or macrophage CRs modulate TNF-α synthesis during the initial phases of M. avium–macrophage interaction.
TNF-α induction differs between isogenic strains of M. avium differing in GPL expression
For M. avium, numerous studies have shown that SmT morphotypes are highly virulent relative to isogenic SmO forms [[8]. SmT strains are typically cultured from AIDS patients and convert to a SmO morphotype in vitro. We compared early (1 h) TNF-α induction for SmT and SmO morphotypes of M. avium serovar-8 strain, 920A6. Stimulation of J774A.1 macrophages by 920A6 SmO induced 3-fold more TNF-α relative to 920A6 SmT (Fig. 1(a), p < 0.05). These results are consistent and confirm the results of other investigators [[1]. We then determined TNF-α induction for the ssGPL-null mutant of 920A6. This strain has been shown to be devoid of serovar-8 specific GPL but retains the ability to express the same array of non-specific GPL as wt serovar-8 SmO and SmT strains [[4]. J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with the ssGPL-null mutant yielded TNF-α levels ?2-fold less than the wt parent SmO (Fig. 1(a), p < 0.05) and ?2-fold more than the virulent SmT (Fig. 1(a), p < 0.05) strain. Complementation of rtfA with a single copy integrant restored ssGPL expression for 233R.1 to a pattern similar to wild-type M. avium [[4]. Infection of J774A.1 macrophages with the complemented M. avium strain induced TNF-α levels similar to the wild-type M. avium parent strain (Fig. 1(b), p > 0.05). Experiments performed with murine BMDMs demonstrated results identical to the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 (Fig. 1(c)). Thus, for reproducibility and feasibility purposes, all future experiments in this study were conducted using the murine macrophage cell line, J774A.1.
Heat inactivation of serum proteins result in increased TNF-α synthesis
Relative to infections performed in the presence of serum, infections performed in heat-inactivated serum yielded a ?3-fold increase in TNF-α expression for the SmO strain (Fig. 2, p < 0.05), a ?9-fold increase for the SmT strain (Fig. 2, p < 0.05) and a ?4-fold increase for the ssGPL-null strain (Fig. 2, p < 0.05). Comparison of TNF-α activation between the three strains in conditions using heat-inactivated serum showed relatively little difference (Fig. 2, p > 0.05 for all pair wise comparisons). These results suggested that the increase in TNF-α expression observed in heat-inactivated serum related to interactions with host macrophage surface components/receptors mediated by heat-labile serum proteins. In separate experiments, we found that in contrast to cells incubated with heat-treated FBS over 3–4 days, a single overnight incubation of J774A.1 cells in medium supplemented with heat-treated FBS did not yield maximal increases in TNF-α expression, suggesting that residual bound serum proteins remained (data not shown). Experiments performed with murine BMDMs using shorter incubation periods in serum-free conditions demonstrated results identical to the J774A.1 cells (data not shown), thus validating our use of this cell line as a model of infection.
Increased TNF-α synthesis in heat-treated serum conditions relates to loss of C3
It has been previously reviewed that C3 breakdown components, C3b and iC3b bind to the mycobacterial surface to initiate macrophage uptake via CR1, CR3, and CR4 [[2]. We next sought to determine whether complement-mediated opsonization could be responsible for differences in TNF-α expression observed between serum and heat-inactivated serum conditions. As observed in Fig. 3, use of C3-depleted serum was associated with increased levels of TNF-α for 920A6 SmO (?2-fold increase, p < 0.05), SmT (?8-fold increase, p < 0.05), and 213R.4 (4-fold increase, p < 0.05) relative to infections performed in the presence of normal serum. Between-strain comparisons in C3-depleted serum were not significant. Similar to heat-treated serum, we found that prolonged incubation of J774A.1 cells with multiple changes of medium was necessary to fully eliminate C3 (data not shown).
Opsonization of M. avium via CR3 and CR4 is necessary to downregulate TNF-α synthesis
The observation that depletion of serum C3 resulted in increased TNF-α expression for SmO, SmT, and serovar-null infected cells suggested that for all three serovar-8 strains, the loss of opsonic interaction of M. avium via iC3b to macrophage receptors CR3 and/or CR4 resulted in higher TNF-α levels. Interaction through CR1 was not considered since murine macrophages do not express this receptor [[9].
Although CR3 has consistently been implicated as a key macrophage receptor for M. avium uptake, its role in TNF-α activation has not been studied. We, therefore first assessed the role of CR3 in TNF-α modulation. The I-domain of CD11b contains the iC3b opsonic binding site [[0]. To confirm that opsonic binding of M. avium to CD11b suppressed TNF-α induction, bacterial infections were performed while blocking the iC3b binding site with anti-CD11b moAb M1/70. Blockage increased TNF-α levels 4-fold for 920A–6 SmT and serovar-null strains (Fig. 4, p < 0.05). In contrast, the SmO strain demonstrated no difference in TNF-α induction when CR3 is blocked. The increase in TNF-α was not due to activation of CR3 by moAb M1/70 since control wells containing moAb alone yielded TNF-α levels no different than control wells containing medium alone (Fig. 4).
Since all strains manifested increases in TNF-α expression under opsonin-free conditions (Figs. 2 and 3) and CR3 blockade did not cause an increase in TNF-α for SmO strains, this would suggest that for the SmO strain, regulation of TNF-α expression was mediated via CR4. We therefore investigated the role of CR4 in TNF-α activation. Bacterial infections were performed while blocking the iC3b binding site of CR4 with anti-CD11c moAb HL3. Blockage of the I-domain of CD11c with moAb HL3 significantly increased TNF-α levels for all 920A6 strains (Fig. 5, p > 0.05 for all intra-strain pair wise comparisons), comparable to levels obtained during heat-inactivated and C3-depleted serum conditions. Between-strain comparisons were not statistically different (p > 0.05). To rule out non-specific Fc-mediated activation in TNF-α induction, control antibodies were used at 15 μg ml−1. The level of host TNF-α induction was not statistically significant (date not shown, p > 0.05).
Like M. tuberculosis, M. avium can survive within macrophages and evade the host immune response. Because TNF-α appears to be involved in host immunity, early bacterial down-regulation of TNF-α expression in infected macrophages may be an important mechanism for intracellular survival of virulent M. avium. One of the goals of this research was to determine if serum proteins, and receptors on the infected macrophage affect TNF-α expression and thus trigger pathways early on during M. avium infection that could ultimately decide the fate of the invading bacterium. Also, we wanted to determine if strains differing in GPL expression differentially induced TNF-α during the early phase of M. avium–macrophage interaction and if possible, construct consistent hypotheses and future experiments to understand the variability in cytokine expression among the isogenic M. avium strains.
The role of serum proteins, in particular iC3b, to prevent M. avium induced TNF-α expression is suggested by our observation that M. avium infection of murine macrophages in the presence of heat-inactivated serum resulted in significantly higher levels of TNF-α than its whole, active serum counterparts. Support for C3 opsonization in regulating TNF-α expression was demonstrated by our use of C3-depleted serum, where murine macrophage cells infected with M. avium wt and ssGPL-null strains produced higher levels of TNF-α. The complement-mediated opsonic interaction between the mycobacterium and the infected macrophage via the CR3 and/or CR4 could be advantageous to the bacterium by avoidance of potentially harmful reactions, such as TNF-α production, which could lead to increased bacterial survival. Our results are in apparent contrast with the study of Bohlson et al. [[0] that demonstrated no difference in TNF-α induction of BMDM macrophages derived from C3 +/+ and C3 −/− C57BL/6 mice and J774A.1 macrophages. There are two important differences between studies. First, the study by Bohlson et al. studied two serovar-2 strains of M. avium, TMC724 and 2–151, whereas our study investigated a virulent serovar-8 strain and highlights the possibility of GPL-related differences in the activation of macrophage signaling pathways to affect the host immune response. Moreover, unpublished results from our laboratory using TMC724 have also demonstrated a lack of difference in TNF-α induction in conditions varying in the presence of complement. Second, Bohlson et al. studied TNF-α induction of cells propagated in the presence of FBS. Prior to M. avium infection, cells were washed and then incubated with C3-deficient medium for 2 h. We have shown here that such short incubation times in C3-deficient medium are insufficient to demonstrate differences between conditions.
Intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria, bind CR1, CR3, CR4 as a first step in the invasion of mammalian cells [[0], linking the receptors cytoplasmic domains to the actin cytoskeleton and proximal components of the cell signaling pathways [[0]. While this process is regulated by TNF-α, we show for the first time that C3 opsonization of M. avium with subsequent binding to host macrophage receptors CR3 and CR4 is necessary to decrease TNF-α secretion by macrophages.
In addition to differences observed in TNF-α synthesis by M. avium infected J774A.1 cells during various culture conditions, we also noted differences in TNF-α induction among the three isogenic M. avium serovar-8 strains. Effects were similar for the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 and the BMDMs demonstrating the utility of this cell line to model in vivo infections. We noted that the serovar-null mutant activated lower levels of TNF-α compared to the wt parent SmO strain under control conditions and that the serovar-null strain complemented with wild-type ssGPL induced macrophage TNF-α to levels identical to the wild type M. avium parent strain. Absence of M. avium ssGPL could be the reason for host TNF-α suppression by the serovar-null strain since prior studies have demonstrated the role of ssGPL as a potent immunogen and its ability to trigger higher levels of TNF-α [[]. Our results confirm the involvement of M. avium ssGPL in macrophage TNF-α expression. We also noted that the wt SmT strain activated lower levels of TNF-α compared to wt SmO strain under control (normal serum) conditions, this data is in agreement with previous research [[1]. One possible explanation could be due to the differences in the non-specific (ns) GPL/ssGPL ratios between the wt SmO and SmT strains. However, the full difference in the expression profiles between SmO and SmT morphotypes is unknown, and thus we cannot rule out other bacterial factors modulating host cell signaling pathways. The latter may be likely since SmT morphotypes typically express greater levels of ssGPL than SmO strains [[1].
Regulation of TNF-α induction mediated through CR-interaction differed among strains. Wild-type SmO parent strain and the derived serovar-null mutant varied as to CR utilization responsible for regulation of TNF-α levels. While the iC3b domain of CR4 was used by wt SmO for down-regulation of TNF-α, the serovar-null mutant was able to utilize the iC3b binding domains of both CR3 and CR4 to downregulate TNF-α synthesis. Since these are isogenic strains, the differences in receptor binding and TNF-α modulation between the parent SmO and the ssGPL-null mutant are attributable to the absence of terminal serovar specific sugars in the mutant strain. We have demonstrated that the presence of M. avium ssGPL triggers higher levels of host TNF-α. Whether alterations in TNF-α expression correlate with survival is unknown and is being investigated.
Receptor preference has been shown to be crucial for bacterial survival [[5,[6]. Little is known about the involvement of CR4 or whether it is preferred over CR3 during the M. avium infection process. In this study, we have shown that the receptor preference depends on the type of infecting M. avium strain. Preliminary results on simultaneous blockade of the iC3b domains of CR3 and CR4 suggests that on M. avium infection, modulation of TNF-α synthesis via these macrophage receptors occurs via independent MAPK p38 and p42/44 pathways (data not shown), thus raising the possibility that these M. avium strains could trigger different host MAPK signaling pathways which could ultimately result in a different intracellular fate for each infecting strain.
In summary, serum protein C3, macrophage receptors CR3, CR4, and M. avium ssGPL are involved in modulation of TNF-α induction during the early stages of M. avium–macrophage interaction. This is the first reported study that demonstrates the involvement of CR3 and CR4 in suppression of TNF-α synthesis during M. avium–macrophage interaction.
Y. Patterson and L. Buxbaum are gratefully acknowledged for the gift of J774A.1 cells and BMPMs, respectively. Paul M. Nealen is gratefully acknowledged for assistance in statistical analyses. Thomas Glaze and Andrea Rossi are acknowledged for technical assistance. Support for this study was provided through Merit Review and VISN 4 grant from the Veterans Affairs, and University Foundation Grant from the University of Pennsylvania, 5-UO1-AI32783, P30-AI-045008–06 to JNM.


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Vanessa Williams
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The first black Miss America is still very trendy
Animal prints are making a comeback this year: on runways we've seen them on blouses, skirts, jackets and dresses. But we had never seen a leopard print jumpsuit in a glossy fabric before. It was sported by actress Vanessa Williams who was recently seen in New York. It could have been an extreme choice, but her classy posture and a naturel makeup played down any possible shock effect.
The look, decidedly trendy, was topped off by peep-toe shoes in a super fashionable dove gray shade.
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|Property type
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|1 - 3 nights
As part of the beautiful collection of Pioneer Park condos, this stylish downtown Bend vacation rental is waiting to make your family or group of friends feel right at home in Central Oregon!
This adorable unit is quiet, with great amenities including WiFi and cable. There is a small, fully-equipped kitchen, for preparing meals, and a lovely living area with a flat-screen TV, leather sofa, and cozy fireplace.
The bedroom has a king bed, and the living area has a futon for extra accommodations, and there are also two bathrooms. Up to four guests can share the space comfortably! Well-behaved dogs are more than welcome to join you on your vacation, although please note that there is an additional pet fee. There is also a Murphy bed available in the living room.
This unit includes complimentary use of the community amenities, including a swimming pool and hot tub, located at the adjacent hotel. And with such easy access to Pioneer Park for picnics, playgrounds, and paths; and downtown Bend for great local food, local brews, and funky shops, this Bend vacation condo is sure to make your next Central Oregon getaway quite spectacular!
Thanks for considering a Vacasa home! We provide full-service management for privately owned vacation homes, and like to think that we offer our guests the best of both worlds: the unique experience of staying in a one-of-a-kind vacation home, with the peace of mind that comes from knowing that the home you book for your special vacation is cared for by professional housekeepers and property managers.
Vacasa began in 2009, simply because our founder and CEO Eric wanted to find a better way to share his wife's family's summer home in Long Beach, Washington with guests as a vacation rental. Eric and his early team worked to build Vacasa on the premise that local employees can do what they love most (taking care of guests, homeowners, and properties), while the hands-off tasks of vacation rental management—things like marketing, filing taxes, and maintaining a website—could be handled by a specialized central support team.
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"My aunt, uncle, and I recently stayed at Shawn's downtown bend apartment (Summit) and had a great experience. When making the reservation, Shawn replied within a couple of hours, and my reservation was confirmed by the next day. I received an email with descriptive directions including phone numbers which he can be reached at. We did not need to use the number because the directions were very clear. There is a lock box for the keys which makes retrieving the keys very easy. When we arrived, they had the fire place going and some lights on making it very welcoming. The place was extremely clean and nicely decorated. There were two full bathrooms and enough basic supplies for cooking. We used the king bed and murphy bed which were both very comfortable and there is a leather sofa that could be used as a bed too. It was cold in Bend when we stayed there, but there is a porch and grill for nice weather. The beginning of downtown is about a 10 minute walk at a leisurely pace. If you prefer not to walk on the main road, there is a trail along the river that will get you there. It is also very close driving distance to national forests parks and trails."
Convenient place to stay. There was no interaction with any staff members, etc. You are on your own. No one clears the snow from the parking lot/walking paths, so they its treacherous to walk around the compound. tile floors in this unit- beds are comfortable.
Nice place to stay. close to downtown, park and most attractions. Fireplace was nice and beds comfy. Many appliances available. Hot tub was great after a long day of skiing. Floors are all tile which is nice with pets. Very clean (except for some hair in shower). Easy instructions for check-in/out and directions. Parking lot was icy, but so is whole town. Thanks for letting us stay! Will try to come back in summer. Will recommend. :)
Great condo, just as described. It was clean, cozy, and quiet!
Great condo, exactly as described. It was clean and cozy, and due to being an upstairs, corner unit, very quiet.
It was a perfect place to stay for me and my little dog. Near the river, park and downtown Bend. Very nice. I lived in Bend many years ago (graduated from Bend High School in 1960).


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MAYBE not since 1988, the year that would herald the "golden slam" of Steffi Graf, has a women's final at Wimbledon been so imbued with promise.
Back then, Martina Navratilova was poised for a seventh title in succession, just at the moment that a 19-year-old Graf was in full bloom during a year that brought the four leading titles and an Olympic gold medal. The German, having lost the first set, sucked Navratilova's hopes dry in the next two and secured her first grass-court crown.
Today, the name of either Justine Henin-Hardenne, from Belgium, or Amélie Mauresmo, from France, will


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This stir-fried rice with seafood recipe – packed with flavour from plump mussels, squid, prawns, and a healthy dose of XO sauce – makes a quick and easy dinner dish that doesn't compromise on flavour.
Riesling is one the finest, most aromatic grapes around. It has a floral and fruity aroma of yellow stone fruits like nectarine and apricot, with a hint of pear and a light aroma of honeycomb. Alongside these sweeter notes, Riesling is very high in acidity, and has a pleasing tartness. Characterised by freshness and elegance, Riesling wines make an ideal partner for refined dishes. Riesling from Alsace possesses unique and distinctive flavour, and noted for being a fantastic gastronomic wine.
As well as pairing beautifully with white meat, goat's cheese and citrus desserts, it also stands up well to bolder flavours of charcuterie and the iodine-rich flavours of seafood, particularly when involving a little spice in your dish. In this recipe, I've paired an Alsace Riesling with a fragrant and bold Asian seafood stir-fry that makes either a great starter for four guests, or a comforting main dish for two.
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I decided to start this challenge first of all to help my readers learn more things specifically related to my mental illnesses. My fellow bloggers are welcome to participate in any or all of the challenge prompts. I I hope this will raise some awareness and give you insight to mental illness. Here is the image to go with the challenge:
A lot24 Feb
A lot has happened since I last posted but I'm trying to put that behind me and move on, maybe a retroactive update later
Today the gender dysphoria was strong. I looked in the mirror and I immediately had to look away. I got dressed in the corner so the walls couldn't see me. The gender dysphoria that usually goes with my breasts was combined with the body dysphoria that I get with my weight sometime. However this is the first time I had gender dysphoria for my bottom half. It was strange. That's why while I don't fully identify as trans I want to leave my options open. I feel like I've lived in a certain environment where certain things weren't even allowed to be thought about until now.
Steps forward steps backwards15 Feb
I feel life going and it's just kinda going in circles, sometimes I think I am making progress and then something happens and I think the progress that I made, I didn't make. I changed my Greek to a Pass-No Pass status which was a good thing because I failed the Midterm. I don't think I have ever failed anything I have ever tried in my life before, granted I didn't try as hard as I could. I'm still okay with it though because I got a zero on a part that I didn't have any idea on so when I subtracted that out I didn't do that bad. Maybe I'm just rationalizing it, I don't know. I can't drop the class, so I just need to pass it. Things are still real difficult on the social front and it's getting harder to pretend it just doesn't bother me. I'm okay with a lot of time alone and my family lives close by so thats okay. But it's just frustrating trying and failing, even though I know I'm not good at this. Like the people say their the ones missing out but when I don't see myself that way then, I just see myself lacking.
Adults on the Autistic Spectrum2 Feb
It's been one of those days, one of those weeks. Where I'm frustrated that I don't have an ASD diagnosis because I didn't fit the criteria as a kid. It's been fucking with my functioning this week. I've messed up a few social cues. And I'm curious. I have some Aspergers followers out there or people on the Spectrum that "cope" and appear normal enough. I don't mean this to come off rude, I know they took aspergers out of the DSM5 thats why I want to cover aspergers and the spectrum but I'm mostly referring to more of the higher functioning people who for lack of a better word pass as normal most time.
That's me. And I know the goal after you get an ASD diagnosis is therapy to help cope with daily living and be able to live productively, get social skills, don't have meltdowns, learn to deal with sensory issues, etc. etc. I just don't understand that if I was forced to do this as a kid because of a chaotic home environment how I can't have the diagnosis. I essentially learned most the skills they try to teach out of necessity. Now on my own, I've regressed a bit plus I'm managing a bunch of other shit so honestly I don't have the energy for all that normative passing stuff. But I'm still upset that the doctor won't give me the diagnosis because as a child I didn't meet the criteria till i was 11 or so.
Failure & Stress1 Feb
I feel like a failure and if you don't know me, you might think I am one, heck you might think I am one if you do know me. I'm having a hard time with my classes, for the first time in my life. I'm trying to work on transitioning within a medical establishment that maintains I must stay mentally stable under a presidency that guarantees I stress out about my rights and fear about even being able to transition if I ever get stable. And roundy round goes the pattern. I missed school again today, I managed to do some homework- but feel paralyzed right now. I need to unfreeze but I don't know how and assignments are due tomorrow, more quizzes and my first midterm Friday.
I don't fail, or do I?
Feeling down. Was feeling productive even good this morning. Then got two disappointing grades and my mood just plummeted. Actually thinking of dropping one of the classes. Emotional me wants to drop out entirely, well out of life- but you get the picture. My image for so long has been built on my academics, since I'm not able to work. It's either that or my mental illness when it prevents me from school. Ugh.
Presidency- Fears- Holocaust Remembrance Day- Stonewall Riots28 Jan
Lots of stuff going on in my head lately. Not sure how much I can trust to the mental health professionals as I fear they will block my transitioning goals, which is sad. Means I have to deal and stress alone, which I know isn't good for my health. The other day was Holocaust remembrance day and it was also the day our stupid president decided to ban refugees to enter our country. Many don't know/forget that gays were targeted during the holocaust too. Yes, i know the president hasn't done anything yet to target the gays. I was also thing about the Stonewall riots that were not that one ago and how the police arrested people who were wearing a piece of clothing of the opposite sex, this would be everyday. Will the US come to this again? So many things to stress about.
Get to know me questions15 Jan
- Do you sleep with your closet doors open or closed?
One opened, one closed
- Do you take the shampoos and conditioner bottles from hotel?
- Do you sleep with your sheets tucked in or out?
Out, can't stand tucked in sheets, must always unmake the bed it feels claustrophobic
- Have you ever stolen a street sign before?
- Do you like to use post-it notes?
Yes, I collect them in fact
- What is your biggest pet peeve?
- Do you ever count your steps when you walk?
- Is it okay for guys to wear pink as a color?
yes, of course
Whats your least favourite movie?
Horror or suspense movies that scare me.
What do you drink with dinner?
What is your favorite food?
Ice cream
what movie could you watch over and over and still love?
Drop Dead Fred
Would you ever strip or pose nude in a magazine?
When was the last time you wrote a letter to someone on paper?
Favourite kind of sandwich?
Chicken Salad
Best thing to eat for breakfast?
Life Cereal or Oatmeal
What is your usual bedtime?
Are you lazy?
How many languages can you speak?
5, English, Spanish, Italian, French, and ASL- Learning Ancient Greek now
Do you sing in the shower?
No, I take baths and I don't sing in them either
Is Christmas stressful?
It can be
Occupations you wanted to be when you were a kid?
Do you believe in ghosts?
Wear slippers?
Ever been in love?
Who would you like to see in concert?
Bruno Mars and of corse Evercleafr anytime he is near Sac.
Hot tea or cold tea?
Hot tea.
Tea or coffee?
Ever had plastic surgery?
Do you want to get married?
Do you want kids?
Yes but not bio, don't want to pass on mental illness and afraid of going off meds and post part psychosis and killing them.
Whats your favourite colour?
Do you miss anyone right now?
Things you cannot leave the house without?
My phone
Do you drink energy drinks?
Yes, red bull
Do you drink juice?
Only POG when in Hawaii or camping
Do you eat fries with a fork?
Chili cheese fries
Any phobias?
What is your middle name?
What was favorite subject at school?
What is your favorite drink?
What is your favorite song at the moment?
Don't have one
What is the last thing you bought?
Planner supplies at Michaels
How many siblings do you have?
2 sisters
When was the last time you cried?
Last night
Favourite TV shows?
Netflix Shameless
PC or Mac? I like both have a Macbook pro right now for school
What phone do you have?
An I phone 5
How tall are you?
Can you cook?
Yes, but I'd rather bake
A needed update11 Jan
Things are going well. I'm into my 3rd day of the new quarter here in college. I already like it much better than last quarter. Taking more classes I thrive as the structure helps keep me accountable and busy- last semester there was just too much down time. I bought a binder to begin wearing this year, when it came in the mail and I saw it I was like "Yikes!" it looked so small, especially around the stomach area. I've been wearing it for 4 days now; usually only the first half the day while I'm in my classes. There is some discomfort when walking and I can't slouch, which may be a good thing. But I really like the way I look. I want to buy a few more, as I just bought one since they are sort of expensive and I wasn't sure how I'd take to it. The thing is it's really hot, which is fine in this rainy wet weather we are having now, but what happens once hot summers come? I also found new boxer briefs that don't ride up and practically become like woman underwear. I bought 4 more mens shirts and my dad just gave me some more money for the month. I think I'll buy another couple shirts.
My classes this semester are 2nd quarter Greek, 4th quarter Spanish, New Testament in Greek, Upper Division Writing, and Gender, Language and Society. There are 5 classes but the New Testament class is just one hour, once a week. I also have an ungraded connection that meets once a week around the common interest of being a Future grad student. I'll be pretty busy this quarter.
Counseling will probably be cut to every other week so I can go to gender group, also because I'm doing well right now. If I start to have problems we may change apps to Friday or I may go later on Wednesdays and skip Gender group sometimes. When I see the therapist at the end of the month I'm going to ask her AGAIN about when I will have a consult with the gender therapist, I know I was in crisis in November and then in December she had to cancel because she was sick but I'm running out of patience. I just found out today my psychiatrist has a reminder set to have a phone appointment with me on the 20th, then we will talk about reducing the Latuda we had to increase at the end of November because of the psychotic symptoms.


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6:00 am
January 3, 2011
Hi, it's been long time since my previsious post...i hope not to disturb so much opening this topic.
I'm from Italy and we are just now beginning, with the help of associations, to import some Betta species from Thailand, in order to making them spawn and intreoduce f1, f2 and so on in the hobby. At the moment i've f1 of Betta unimaculata "Sengata", Betta unimaculata "Mahakam" and Betta schalleri.
As i regret any form of selections in fishkeeping, i'm wondering if it's possible (and if "yes" is the correct answer, how to do it) looking for a wild specimens of Betta splendens.
Do you think they still exist?
Thanks for your answers.
Greetings from Italy, Marco.
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Police Digging Up Gardens In Swindon
It's believed work is being carried out at the former home of Christopher Halliwell.
Police investigating an alleged sexual assault of a female bus passenger have released an image of a man they would like to speak to about what happened.
Police say the incident took place around 4pm on Sunday, January 18th on the number 75 bus, as it travelled from Withywood to the city centre, and that one of two female passengers was sexually assaulted.
Officers describe the suspect as ''Asian, with a bald head and facial hair.''
They say he was wearing a black puffa jacket, blue trousers and black, grey and red trainers.
It is believed the suspect got off the bus at Nelson Street, opposite The Lanes.
Anyone who was on the bus at the time is asked to contact police on 101 , quoting crime reference number 6238/15 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111, where information can be left anonymously.
It's believed work is being carried out at the former home of Christopher Halliwell.
James Bisset jailed for more than 4 years for causing death of Alex Gould
Four arrested and bailed by police
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text: There is a new veyron comingRon Calls on his years of experience....and freezes at the controls2/10/14 6:02pm11EditPromoteShare to KinjaGo to permalinkIt looks like they have no fricken idea- again.They are reducing the weight of the next version but increasing power.Oh yes bugatti ,we need more power (yes,sarcasm) Advertisement I really dont get these dumbkoffs.They make a super expensive,massively subsidized one trick pony.Surely they can see that people arent impressed anymore.Why keep doing the same thing??? Cant they see that small and light with modest power and obscenely good handling is now the in thing? Link here http://www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/pres…Reply11 repliesLeave a reply


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Mayor John Tory has voiced his opposition to anti-feminist blogger Daryush Valizedeh, a.k.a. Roosh V., who plans to speak in Toronto at an August 15th event.
Tory tweeted that Roosh "and his hate speech have no place in our city and should have no platform here." He called on those hosting the tour to "do the right thing – cancel this show," and added: "While free speech is the law in this country, promoting violence against women is wrong."
Should we keep this guy out? Or does freedom of speech trump all?