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The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives and maintains 24-h physiological rhythms, the phases of which are set by the local environmental light-dark cycle. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) communicates photic phase setting signals in the SCN by increasing neurophysiological activity of SCN neurons. Here, the ionic basis for persistent GRP-induced changes in neuronal activity was investigated in SCN slice cultures from Per1::GFP reporter mice during the early night. Recordings from Per1-fluorescent neurons in SCN slices several hours after GRP treatment revealed a significantly greater action potential frequency, a significant increase in voltage-activated outward current at depolarized potentials, and a significant increase in 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) sensitive fast delayed rectifier (fDR) potassium currents when compared to vehicle-treated slices. In addition, the persistent increase in spike rate following early night GRP application was blocked in SCN neurons from mice deficient in Kv3 channel proteins. Because fDR currents are regulated by the clock and are elevated in amplitude during the day, the present results support the model that GRP delays the phase of the clock during the early night by prolonging day-like membrane properties of SCN cells. Furthermore, these findings implicate fDR currents in the ionic basis for GRP-mediated entrainment of the primary mammalian circadian pacemaker.
In mammals, daily rhythms in physiology and sleep/wake patterns are driven by molecular clockworks in individual cells that form a network and functional oscillator in the master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. While self-sustained oscillators have now been localized in many peripheral tissues, the SCN orchestrates the overall timing of the peripheral oscillators (for review, see Reppert and Weaver 2002). Within the SCN, rhythms in the key gene components of the molecular clock, such as Period1 (Per1) and Period2 (Per2), as well as the spontaneous spike rate of individual neurons, persist ex vivo for many cycles with minimal damping (Kuhlman et al. 2000; Prosser and Gillette 1989; Reppert and Weaver 2001; Yoo et al. 2004). Rhythms of Per1/Per2 expression and spike frequency peak during the day and reach a nadir during the night. In addition, the period of these rhythms are generally close to, but not exactly, 24 h.
It is important that the master clock remains synchronized with the periodicity of the external environment that is 24-h. In fact, misalignment of the clock with the light-dark cycle can lead to compromised human health as evidenced by an increased risk of heart disease, cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders in shift workers (for review, see Foster and Wulff 2005). Entrainment, or synchronization of phase to the environment, occurs primarily through exposure to light such that light given in the early night delays the molecular clock rhythm while light given in the late night advances the molecular clock rhythm (Daan and Pittendrigh 1976; Yan and Silver 2002, 2004). Melanopsin-containing ganglion cells in the retina that are intrinsically photoreceptive transduce this photic signal and transmit it to ventral SCN cells, many of which express gastrin releasing peptide or GRP (Abrahamson and Moore 2001; Berson et al. 2002). In fact, application of GRP to the SCN region mimics light by upregulating Per and inducing phase delays and advances (Aida et al. 2002; Antle et al. 2005; Gamble et al. 2007; Kallingal and Mintz 2006, 2007; McArthur et al. 2000; Piggins et al. 1995).
In addition to upregulation of clock gene expression, photic stimulation also increases neuronal activity for several hours when presented in either the early or late phases of the night when the clock-driven spike rate is declining or rising, respectively (Kuhlman et al. 2003). Acutely, brief pulses of GRP primarily results in excitation in over half of the SCN single-units examined during the late day or early night (Piggins et al. 1994; Tang and Pan 1993), and daytime application of GRP results in depolarization and decreased basal potassium conductance (Reynolds and Pinnock 1997). Interestingly, increased excitability induced by both a phase-resetting light pulse and GRP application during the late night continues to persist even several hours later in Per1-induced neurons (Gamble et al. 2007; Kuhlman et al. 2003). For late-night light pulses, this persistent increase in electrical activity is accompanied by a depolarized membrane potential and an increase in input resistance that is mediated by suppression of K+ currents (Kuhlman et al. 2003). However, during the early night, the underlying mechanism for the GRP-induced phase shifts and persistent increase in neuronal activity remains unknown. Therefore, the current study sought to determine whether early night application of GRP induces a persistent increase in SCN spike rate and sought to identify the ionic basis for long-term, GRP-induced changes in neuronal activity.
Adult, mice (16–30 days of age) homozygous for the mPer1::d2EGFP transgene on a B6C3H hybrid background (Kuhlman et al. 2000), wild type C57BL/6 (colony at University of California, Los Angeles), and Kv3.1–Kv3.2 double knock-out mice (KVDKO mice; also known as Kcnc1−/−/Kcnc2 −/− mice) (Ozaita et al. 2004) on a ICR background (generously provided by Bernardo Rudy, New York University) were housed in a 12:12 light/dark (LD) cycle for a minimum of two weeks before the start of the experiment and had food and water provided ad libitum. Experiments were performed in accordance with the Vanderbilt University and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and National Institutes of Health guidelines.
For electrophysiology experiments, SCN slice cultures from Per1::GFP mice were obtained at zeitgeber time 11 (ZT 11; where ZT 12 refers to lights off) using the same methods as in (Gamble et al. 2007). At projected ZT 15, an 8-μl volume of 37.5 μM GRP (porcine, from Biotrend, Destin, FL; final concentration: 0.3 μM) or vehicle (sterile culture water) was added directly to the culture dish medium. One hour later, at projected ZT 16, slices were transferred to an open recording chamber (Warner Instruments, Hambden, CT) that was continuously perfused at a rate of 2.0 ml/min with extracellular solution bubbled with 5% CO2/95% O2 and heated to 34 ± 0.5 oC (as in Kuhlman et al. 2003) or maintained at room temperature (for KVDKO experiments). All drugs were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO) unless stated otherwise.
Neurons were visualized with a fixed-stage, upright microscope equipped for near-IR-DIC and epi-fluorescence. Recordings were made from SCN neurons located in the dorsal and medial regions of the SCN because the majority of BB2 receptors in the SCN lie within this region (Aida et al. 2002; Karatsoreos et al. 2006) as in Gamble et al. (2007). Recordings were made between projected ZT 17 and 19 (2–4 h after GRP application and 1–3 h after washout). Loose patch recordings were generated using the same electrode parameters and solutions as reported previously (Gamble et al. 2007). Firing rate was measured as the average of a 100-sec record. Electrophysiological signals were processed and controlled by an Axopatch 1D/200B or Multiclamp amplifier, and pClamp 8.0 or 10.0 software (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA) in gap-free mode. Recordings were sampled at 10 kHz and filtered at 1 kHz. Solutions for whole-cell conditions were the same as reported in (Kuhlman et al. 2003), and recordings were made within six minutes of membrane rupture. In current clamp mode, a 500-msec square hyperpolarizing current was injected to calculate input resistance (slope of the voltage responses to −5 to −25 pA of current injection), and the membrane potential was defined as the average voltage over 500 msec for non-spiking neurons and the midpoint of the interspike interval for spiking neurons. The reported voltages were corrected for a liquid junction potential of 8 mV. Current traces from voltage clamp recordings (as in Fig. 3) were obtained by using a 180-ms voltage step at progressively depolarized potentials (−80 to +55, 15 mV steps) and a holding potential of −65 mV. For fDR isolation, the conditions and solutions were the same as those reported in (Itri et al. 2005) and contained bicuculline (25 μM) to block GABAA-mediated currents, tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.5 μM) to block fast voltage-activated sodium channels, 4-aminopyridine (4–AP, 0.5 mM to 5 mM) to block fDR currents, and cadmium (100 μM) to block calcium (Ca2+) channels. Current traces were obtained before and after a 3.5-min application of 4-AP by using a voltage protocol with a hyperpolarizing pre-pulse (100 ms at −90 mV) followed by 900 ms voltage pulses at progressively depolarized potentials (−80 to +40 mV, 10-mV steps). Activation curves were generated by plotting normalized current (I/Imax) over the membrane potential and fit using a charge-voltage Boltzmann function f(Vm) = Imax/(1+exp((Vmid − Vm)/VC)), where Vm is the membrane potential, Vmid is the membrane potential at 0.5 and VC is the slope factor.
Data were analyzed with independent samples t-tests and two-way, repeated measures ANOVA with Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc analysis. Significance was ascribed at p < .05.
During the late night, both phase resetting light pulses and GRP treatment increase the frequency of spontaneous action potentials in SCN neurons, even hours later, and this increase is correlated with and requires the induction of Per1 (Gamble et al. 2007; Kuhlman et al. 2003). Although early night GRP application has been shown to induce phase shifts and to increase Per1 and Per2 expression in the SCN (Antle et al. 2005), GRP-induced neuronal activity in the early night has not been demonstrated. Thus, we sought to investigate whether the longer-term effects of GRP associated with Per1 induction and phase resetting during the early night are similar to those observed in the late night. Specifically, we compared the frequency of spontaneous action potentials in SCN neurons 2–4 hours following either a pulse of GRP or of vehicle at projected ZT 15. Hypothalamic slices were prepared during lights on (ZT 11–12) and cultured (Han et al. 2006) until the following day in order to avoid possible phase shifting effects of slice preparation during the night (Gillette 1986). At projected ZT 15, 0.3 μM GRP was applied to the culture medium and washed out one hour later (projected ZT 16) as the slice was transferred to an open recording chamber that was continuously perfused with extracellular solution. One to three hours after the termination of GRP application (projected ZT 17–19) loose patch extracellular recordings were made from Per1-induced SCN neurons, identified by Per1::GFP fluorescence. The mean firing rate of Per1-fluorescent neurons in GRP-treated slices (n = 7) was more than triple the mean firing rate of Per1-fluorescent neurons from vehicle-treated slices (n = 9; mean ± SEM: 3.4 ± 0.8 Hz and 1.0 ± 0.5 Hz for GRP- and vehicle-treated neurons, respectively; t11 = 2.4, p < 0.05, two-tailed; Fig. 1A,B).
In order to characterize the membrane properties of GRP-treated, Per1::GFP-expressing SCN neurons using the same treatment paradigm above, whole-cell current-clamp recordings of GRP-treated, Per1::GFP-expressing neurons (n = 8) were compared with those made from vehicle-treated, Per1::GFP-expressing neurons (n = 9). As shown in Figure 2, there was no significant difference in membrane potential in the two conditions, t(15) = −0.13, p > 0.05 (in mV, mean ± SEM, GRP: −46.0 ± 2.5, vehicle: −45.5 ± 2.6) despite the elevated spike frequency in GRP-treated neurons described above. In order to compare the input resistance of these groups, the slope resistance from a current clamp protocol with 5-pA, square, hyperpolarizing steps was determined. No significant differences between GRP- and vehicle-treated conditions were found, t(12) = 0.98, p > .05 (in GΩ, mean ± SEM, GRP: 1.3 ± 0.3, vehicle: 1.0 ± 0.1).
Although the resting properties of SCN neurons were little altered by early-night application of GRP, we sought to measure any changes in spike-associated voltage-dependent currents that might contribute to the spike frequency increase induced by GRP during the early night by recording and comparing GRP- and vehicle-treated, Per1::GFP-expressing neurons under voltage-clamp conditions. GRP treatment significantly increased the overall steady-state outward current at depolarized membrane potentials ranging from +10mV to +55mV, as indicated by a significant interaction of voltage potential with treatment, F(9,117) = 6.3, p < .01 (see Fig. 3). There were no significant differences in the transient, peak outward current between GRP- and vehicle-treated cells, p > 0.05.
Circadian clock-controlled variation in spontaneous spike frequency can be attributed to both changes in membrane potential and modulation of voltage-dependent ionic currents that underlie generation and recovery from the action potential (for review, see (Kuhlman and McMahon 2006). In general, opening an outward, basal potassium current results in relative hyperpolarization of the neuron, and in fact, this type of current is thought to mediate circadian regulation of membrane potential (Kuhlman and McMahon 2004). In contrast to these potassium "leak" currents, other voltage-gated potassium currents such as the delayed rectifier are active at depolarized membrane potentials and contribute to the repolarization phase of the action potential, thereby decreasing the amount of time occurring between spikes and increasing the overall spike rate (Rudy et al. 1999). In fact, the fast delayed rectifier (fDR) channel has been identified as a current that contributes to circadian regulation in spike rate independent of circadian regulation of membrane potential (Itri et al. 2005). Elevated fDR currents are thought to mediate increased spike rate in SCN neurons by inducing a faster rate of membrane repolarization and a shorter duration of the action potential (Itri et al. 2005; Rudy et al. 1999).
In order to test whether GRP induces fDR currents in SCN neurons, we used the same treatment protocol as above; however, recordings were conducted in the presence of bicuculline (25 μM) to block GABAA-mediated currents, TTX (0.5 μM) to block fast voltage-activated sodium channels, and cadmium (100 μM) to block Ca2+ channels, as in (Itri et al. 2005). Whole-cell, voltage-clamp recordings were made before and after application of 4-AP (0.5 mM and 5 mM for 4 and 11 cells, respectively) in order to isolate fDR current amplitude (Icontrol − I4-AP) using a pulse protocol as indicated in Figure 4. The activation kinetics of isolated fDR currents were similar in GRP- and vehicle-treated cells, as indicated by the slope factor VC (GRP: 13.5 ± 0.9 mV; Veh: 10.0 ± 0.7 mV) and the midpoint potential Vmid (GRP: 13.3 ± 0.7 mV; Veh: 7.0 ± 1.1 mV), consistent with previously published fDR kinetics for SCN neurons (Itri et al. 2005). However, there was a significant interaction between voltage and treatment, such that GRP-treated neurons had significantly greater amplitudes of isolated fDR current as compared with vehicle controls at voltages ranging from +20 to +50 mV (F(13,169) = 3.8, p < .05; post hoc comparisons, p < .05). The I-V relationship was not significantly different between the two concentrations of 4-AP in either GRP- or vehicle-treated samples. In addition, the isolated fDR current (Fig. 4) appears to account for the majority (~60%) of the total voltage-activated, outward current induced by GRP (Fig. 3). For example, at +40 mV, Ivehicle-GRP for IfDR is ~60% of Ivehicle-GRP for Itotal.
The Kv3 family of channel proteins (Kv3.1 and Kv3.2) mediates fDR currents (Rudy et al. 1999). In order to examine whether Kv3.1/2 channel proteins are necessary for the persistent increase in action potential frequency induced by GRP application, we measured the spike rate of SCN neurons from Kv3.1/2 DKO mice following GRP application using the same experimental paradigm as before. As before, GRP significantly increased the spike rate of wild-type SCN neurons recorded 2–3 h after GRP washout (F(2,86) = 22.6, p < 0.05; post hoc comparisons, p < 0.05). Cell-attached loose patch recordings have the advantage of being less-invasive to the cell but limit analyses to spike rate only. The firing rates obtained from vehicle- and GRP-treated WT slices were very similar to those obtained in the Per1::GFP mice (compare Figure 5 to Figure 1), suggesting that the underlying membrane properties may be similar as well. In contrast to the average firing rate of SCN neurons from GRP-treated WT mice, the rate of those from Kv3.1/2 DKO mice was significantly lower (p < 0.05; Fig. 5) and the same as those recorded from wild-type, vehicle-treated slices (p > 0.05).
Circadian variation in spike rate is a well-established feature of the neurons that comprise the master circadian oscillator, with elevated spike rates observed during the day and lower spike rates during the night (Brown and Piggins 2007). During the night, when spontaneous spike frequency is low, phase resetting light pulses and light-mediating stimuli such as GRP significantly increase spiking activity and this effect can persist for several hours following light/GRP treatment (Gamble et al. 2007; Kuhlman et al. 2003). Here, we have shown that early night application of GRP has a persistent excitatory effect similar to what we have shown during the late night (Gamble et al. 2007), in that the spontaneous spike frequency of Per1::GFP neurons continues to be increased even several hours after GRP washout. During the late night, persistent excitatory activity induced by either photic stimulation or GRP application is accompanied by a depolarized membrane potential and increased input resistance (unpublished observations, K.L. Gamble and D.G. McMahon; Kuhlman et al. 2003). However, the underlying mechanism for early-night, light-induced persistent excitation has not been explored. Previous studies have observed that daytime application of GRP to SCN neurons induces an acute (min) depolarization in resting membrane potential that is accompanied by decreased basal potassium conductance (Reynolds and Pinnock 1997). In contrast, the present data revealed that GRP-treated cells in the early night phase showed no long-term (hours) change in membrane potential or input resistance at rest. It is important to note that in the present study, we are examining long-term and persistent effects of GRP which are quite different from the acute effects in the above-mentioned studies. Hours after GRP washout, we did observe an increased voltage-dependent, outward current at depolarized potentials as compared to vehicle-treated cells. In addition, the present study has shown that a large percentage of the GRP-induced current can be accounted for by a 4-AP-sensitive current with kinetics and voltage-dependence similar to previously isolated fDR currents in SCN neurons (Itri et al. 2005). Furthermore, GRP-induced persistent excitatory activity is lost in SCN from mice lacking fDR channel proteins, Kv3.1 and Kv3.2. These results show that fDR currents are involved in the GRP-mediated effects of the primary mammalian pacemaker in addition to mediating clock-regulated rhythms in spike frequency (Itri et al. 2005).
Circadian variation in action potential frequency is a distinguishing feature of SCN clock cells. Several voltage-dependent, ionic currents showing day-night variation in amplitude have been proposed as key modulators of this clock-controlled rhythm, and each contribute to a different aspect of action potential regeneration (for review, see (Kuhlman and McMahon 2006). For example, L-type calcium currents are greater in amplitude during the day than during the night and contribute to the depolarization phase of the action potential by allowing the membrane potential to oscillate at a high frequency near the spike threshold (Pennartz et al. 2002). On the other hand, fDR currents allow a faster repolarization during the falling phase of the action potential, and are also higher during the day than during the night (Itri et al. 2005). A recent study showed that A-type potassium currents in the SCN neurons peak during the day and may underlie circadian variation in firing patterns (Itri et al. 2010). However, this voltage-activated potassium current is unlikely to explain the present data because there was no significant difference in the peak transient current, indicative of an A-type potassium current, following GRP application. Finally, large conductance, calcium-activated potassium currents are higher during the night than during the day and lengthen the inter-spike interval by increasing the after-hyperpolarization at the end of each action potential (Meredith et al. 2006; Pitts et al. 2006). Of these ionic conductances, only increased fDR conductance is a "day"-like membrane property that allows a change in spike rate independently from spike threshold (Rudy et al. 1999) and could potentially explain a GRP-induced increase in spike rate in the absence of membrane potential depolarization. It is also clear that other un-characterized currents are involved because in our data, the 4-AP-sensitive current accounted for the majority of voltage-activated outward current induced by GRP, but did not account for all of it. Although GRP-induced long-term excitability and fDR current activation occur at the same phase as GRP-induced phase shifts, it is also possible that these processes are independently regulated.
One might expect that an increased K+ current would lead to a decrease in the action potential frequency (Kuhlman and McMahon 2004). However, fDR currents are mediated by the Kv3 family of channel proteins (Kv3.1 and Kv3.2) and are a special case of delayed-rectifier potassium channels in that they only activate at depolarized membrane potentials (> −10 mV), and they exhibit steep voltage-dependent activation with very little inactivation allowing for rapid deactivation (since inactivation does not first need to be removed) (Rudy et al. 1999). These properties permit fDR channels to activate at the peak of the action potential, inducing a faster rate of membrane repolarization and a shorter duration of the action potential, thereby decreasing the amount of time necessary for another action potential to be generated by the neuron. In addition, rapid deactivation during the after-hyperpolarization reduces any remaining current during the inter-spike interval. A 4-AP-sensitive current with these same properties has been characterized in the SCN, and furthermore, Kv3.1b and Kv3.2 protein levels show day-night differences in both a light-dark cycle and constant darkness, suggesting that fDR currents could at least partially account for circadian variation in spike rate (Itri et al. 2005).
We now show that these currents may be involved in the entrainment process of the primary mammalian pacemaker and can be induced by the photic-mediating neuropeptide GRP. It is interesting that the Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 genes are known to have cyclic AMP response element (CRE) sites (Gan and Kaczmarek 1998). Because activation of the CRE binding (CREB) pathway is necessary for GRP-induced phase delays (Gamble et al. 2007), it is possible that GRP-induced CREB upregulates Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 gene expression. Another possible mechanism for GRP-induced regulation of fDR currents is post-translational regulation. In the auditory neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, increased fDR conductance is associated with dephosphorylation of Kv3.1b channels induced by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (Song and Kaczmarek 2006; Song et al. 2005). Interestingly, PKC inhibition delivered in vivo has also been shown to enhance light-induced phase delays in behavior (Lee et al. 2007), suggesting that inhibition of PKC could result in dephosphorylation of Kv3.1b channels, enhancing fDR current, and potentiating the effect of light on circadian behavior.
In conclusion, night-time phase resetting stimuli such as light and GRP induce persistent increases in SCN neuronal activity during both early and late phases of the night (Gamble et al. 2007; Kuhlman et al. 2003). However, this effect is differentially mediated depending on the phase of the night. During the late night, light-induced neuronal excitation correlates with membrane potential depolarization and decreased basal potassium leak current (Kuhlman et al. 2003). The present study has shown that neuronal activity induced by GRP signaling during the early night is independent of membrane potential and is at least partially mediated by an increase in fDR, voltage-activated potassium conductance. These results provide a link between a circadian clock-regulated ionic conductance and neuropeptide signaling within the SCN night-time phase resetting pathway.
We would like to thank Chris Ciarleglio, Russell Johnson, Richard Penney, Anthony Baucum, Tongrong Zhou, and Dao-Qi Zhang for technical assistance. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants, K99 GM086683 (KLG) and P50 MH078028 (DGM).
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Hi Ladies
Our little girl arrived last Tuesday. Sorry I haven't caught up with where everybody is at. Good luck to any ladies that are over there now or going over shortly, you will not regret it x ImageUploadedByThe Bub Hub1455589458.129593.jpg
Hi Ladies
Our little girl arrived last Tuesday. Sorry I haven't caught up with where everybody is at. Good luck to any ladies that are over there now or going over shortly, you will not regret it x ImageUploadedByThe Bub Hub1455589458.129593.jpg
AnnaMM (17-02-2016),BB4Me (17-02-2016),crabby (21-02-2016),ECM1981 (16-02-2016),Jennski (17-02-2016),JulieMalooley (17-02-2016),Kay2015 (16-02-2016),KLM0511 (16-02-2016),Lolly99 (17-02-2016),MamaKes (17-02-2016),Rhino (19-04-2016),SalSA2015 (17-02-2016),Sunnygirl04 (16-02-2016),TannyMac (22-02-2016),wazbub (16-02-2016)
Congratulations! She is beautiful!
Lisaxxx (16-02-2016)
Oh wow Lisa! Already!! It always amazes me how quickly it goes by!
Congratulations!! She is is just beautiful!
Hi everyone, we are planning our FET for April and have just received our dates. As I am only going for a short stay I need to have 5 gestones but I only have three left over! I wanted to put it out there if anyone had 2 spare that I may have and am happy to pay for them and replace when I am back from CT. Also has anyone ever mailed gestone interstate? I am in Melbourne so if anyone local has a couple spare it would be greatly appreciated.. Thanks ladies xxx
SalSA2015 would you believe I have ONE ! You are welcome to it if you want it. Somebody posted me a heap of gestone and needles a while ago and no problem getting it through the mail. You should be able to pick up the fifth one in CT in plenty of time?
Last edited by JulieMalooley; 17-02-2016 at 17:34.
Oh you girls are beautiful.. THANK YOU so much xx @emski72 would it be ok if I pick them up from you or if you prefer to post them I can PM you my address.. Whatever is easy for you.. Xx thank you again @JulieMalooley, @ECM1981 @emski72 xxxxx
JulieMalooley (18-02-2016)
Yeah that's fine - just shoot me a PM and we'll organise it.
Glad you have found some closer to home Sal, but if you need any more happy to send some over i also have some pessaries and a load of crinone left too. Very exciting that you are heading over soon!!
Arrived in Cape Town at almost midnight last night. Had psych session and picked up the remaining gestone I need today. My proven donor came though on Monday with 14 eggs at pickup... With 11 fertilising. Waiting for day 3 grading report tomorrow and transfer will probably be Saturday. Resting up ready for my precious cargo.
Staying at Sea Point if anyone else is around and wants to meet up.
Good luck to the others around this stage.
JulieMalooley (18-02-2016),Outoftime (20-02-2016)
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Marxist Intellectuals and the Working Class Mentality in Germany, 1887-1912
By (author) Stanley Pierson
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Marxist Intellectuals and the Working Class Mentality in Germany, 1887-1912 by Stanley Pierson
Book DescriptionHow does one explain the presence of educated recruits in movements that were overwhelmingly working class in composition? How did intellectuals function within the movements? In this exploration of this question, Stanley Pierson examines the rise, development, and ultimate failure of the German Social Democrats, the largest of the European socialist parties, from 1887 to 1912. Prominent figures, such as Karl Kautsky, August Bebel, Rosa Luxemburg, and Eduard Bernstein, are discussed, but the book focuses primarily on the younger generation. These forgotten intellectuals - Max Schippel, Paul Kampffmeyer, Conrad Schmidt, Paul Ernst, and others - struggled most directly with the dilemmas arising out of the attempt to translate Marxist doctrines into practical and personal terms. These young writers, speakers, and politicians set out to supplant old ways of thinking with a Marxist understanding of history and society. Pierson weaves together over 30 intellectual biographies to explore the relationship between ideology and politics in Germany. He examines the conflict within Social Democracy between the "revisionist" intellectuals, who sought to adapt Marxist theory to changing economic and social realities, and those "orthodox" and 'radical" intellectuals who attempted to remain faithful to the Marxist vision. By examining the struggles of the socialist intellectuals in Germany, Pierson brings out the special features of German cultural, social, and political life before World War I. His study of this critical time in the development of the German Social Democratic party also illuminates the wider development of Marxism in Europe during the 20th century.
Buy Marxist Intellectuals and the Working Class Mentality in Germany, 1887-1912 book by Stanley Pierson from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780674551237
(235mm x 155mm x 26mm)
Pages: 344
Imprint: Harvard University Press
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Publish Date: 7-Oct-1993
Country of Publication: United States
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© Copyright 2017 ladygothicka. All rights reserved.
Status: Finished
Genre: Poetry
Thanks Xaniver, my PC's being annoying so I have to post a new comment. Grr.
I feel like everyone in this world has problems. Yet, for some of us, our life is worse than others.
Book / Romance
Book / Religion and Spirituality
Book / Poetry
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Acasă » 2012 » Ianuarie » 6 » Resident Evil:2 Apocalypse (2004)
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Alice awakes in Raccoon City, only to find it has become infested with zombies and monsters. With the help of Jill Valentine and Carlos Olivera, Alice must find a way out of the city before it is destroyed by a nuclear missile.
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Schindler, Konrad, Prof. Dr.
ETH ZürichDep. of Civil, Env. and Geomatic Eng.
Prof. Dr. Konrad Schindler
Additional information
Research area
Konrad Schindler researches in the fields of photogrammetry, remote sensing and computer vision.
Curriculum Vitae
Konrad Schindler has been Associate Professor of Photogrammetry in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering since 2010.
He was born in Vienna, Austria in 1974.
Konrad Schindler studied surveying at the Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria, from 1992-1999. He was awarded his PhD-degree from the Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), Austria in 2003. 2004-2006 he was a postdoc at the Monash University in Melbourne, Australia,and 2007-2008 at ETH Zurich's Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering. He was a Junior Professor for Image Understanding at the Technische Universitaet Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Germany, in 2009-2010.
Course Catalogue
Spring Semester 2017
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Limas And Peas Baked With Herbs
|Frozen lima beans
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|3⁄4 Teaspoon
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|Green onions
|2 , thinly sliced (Including Tops)
|2 Tablespoon
|2 Tablespoon
Thaw lima beans and peas for several hours at room temperature or in refrigerator overnight.
Place in a greased 1 1/2 -quart casserole with basil, salt, and green onions; stir to blend.
Dot with butter or margarine and sprinkle with water.
Cover and bake in a 325° oven for about 45 minutes or until -vegetables are just tender; stir occasionally.
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 761 Calories from Fat 244
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 28 g43%
Saturated Fat 16.2 g80.8%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 64.5 mg21.5%
Sodium 1786.7 mg74.4%
Total Carbohydrates 97 g32.5%
Dietary Fiber 27.6 g110.2%
Sugars 18.9 g
Protein 35 g70%
Vitamin A 166.7% Vitamin C 215%
Calcium 18.8% Iron 76.9%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Basic Equality
Jeremy Waldron
New York University School of Law
December 5, 2008
NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 08-61
This is a three-part study and defense of the idea of basic human equality. (This is the idea that humans are basically one another's equals, as opposed to more derivative theories of the dimensions in which we ought to be equal or the particular implications that equality might have for public policy.) Part (1) of the paper examines the very idea of basic equality and it tries to elucidate it by considering what an opponent of basic human equality (e.g. a philosophical racist) might hold. It explores the idea of there being no morally significant fundamental divisions among humans (of the kind that some people insist on as between humans and others animals). Part (2) considers whether basic human equality must be based on some descriptive similarity among us (naturalistic or metaphysical); it considers the positions of a number of thinkers who have denied this. Part (3) considers John Rawls's conception of basic equality in terms of range properties. (Being in Ohio is a range property; Columbus and Cincinnati are both equally in Ohio even though even though Columbus is in the center of the state, while Cincinnati is just over the river from Kentucky.) It explores the application of this Rawlsian idea to the descriptive properties that might be thought relevant to human equality. This three part paper is a rather technical philosophical exploration. And it is just a beginning; we need much more work on the idea of basic equality. Some of the energy that has gone into discussions of equality as a policy aim (e.g. in the Dworkin/Sen literature or in the literature surrounding Rawls's Difference Principle) needs to be devoted to this more fundamental conception.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 45
Keywords: discrimination, equality, Kant, Locke, Rawls, moral considerability, needs, racism, range properties
Date posted: December 8, 2008 ; Last revised: July 29, 2009
Suggested Citation
Contact Information


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This site provides information and tips that may help, including sections on:
- Understanding ADHD: Includes information on What is ADHD?, Possible Causes of ADHD, Symptoms of ADHD, How ADHD is Diagnosed and How ADHD is Managed
- Supporting Students With ADHD in School: Includes information on School Support Teams, ADHD in the Classroom, Homework and Projects, and ADHD in Other School Settings
Also, don't miss Tools You Can Use, which features a variety of educational videos and brochures, as well as tools you can use with students and with parents and caregivers.
*Based on the 2011/12 National Survey of Children's Health, in which parents were asked if a health care practitioner had ever told them their child had ADD or ADHD


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We visited here while at the Stock Show. Staff was friendly, fun and courteous and helped with our selection of beers and food. Food was good and enjoyed by everyone. A definite must stop if you want a good meal with good beer.
Can a vegan person get a good meal at this restaurant?
Is this restaurant good for lunch?
Is this restaurant good for dinner?
Is this restaurant good for breakfast?
Does this restaurant offer delivery?
Does this restaurant accept reservations?
Does this restaurant specialize in Halal food?
Is this a Kosher restaurant?
Is this primarily a coffee shop?
Thanks for helping!Share another experience before you go.
We visited here while at the Stock Show. Staff was friendly, fun and courteous and helped with our selection of beers and food. Food was good and enjoyed by everyone. A definite must stop if you want a good meal with good beer.
Great atmosphere and friendly staff. Had the shepherd's pie which had a unique spin on it along with a Caesar salad and a root beer. All had good flavor. They have lots of FD memorabilia and you can give them a patch to hang on their wall for your department. The menu had lots to offer from Mexican to BBQ.... More
This restaurant has a great location if you are walking downtown Rapid. Lots to offer on the menu, even for kids. Prices were decent. Really enjoyed the old fire station atmosphere. It's loud and fun, and there are firehouse themed antiques around the room to look at while you wait. Great for families and lots of seating. We had burgers,... More
This place is the Hottest place in Rapid City.... :) This old firehouse turned Brewery / Restaurant is such a fabulous idea and on warm summer nights, There is no where in town better to enjoy a beer and something off their large menu. The food is reasonably priced and the service is good. There is an outdoors area as... More
The appetizer of garlic bread and artichoke dip is very tasty! The beer is highly satisfactory, but needs to develop a little more to become a great micro-brewery. Nice atmosphere. Would go there again...
After seeing signs across SD on the interstate etc for Firehouse, we thought we should check it out . We were very underwhelmed, infact it was one of the worst meals of our trip. We ordered barbecue type options, along with each trying a house beer. The food was poor quality, my husbands ribs were tough and stuff not fall... More
We were seated at this restaurant for dinner, after waiting a lengthy time with many waitresses walking past, we were finally approached. I had asked for a cocktail menu or drink menu and with a sigh, given very little information. Our waitress had said she would come back to take our order, and after waiting a further 10 mins, watching... More
We were recently in Rapid City and wanted to try a new place. We were not disappointed! My husband loved the pork sandwich with cole slaw on it and I had the half-size chicken caesar salad which was very good and not small! Topped it off with some amazing bread pudding. We will go again some day! Very friendly waitress.... More
This beautiful old build has a really good brewery. We checked the reviews and they were middle of the road, but went in for lunch anyway. I had the ribs and was pretty disappointed. Although they were tender, they had very little flavor. They have several different sauces none of which was a particular standout. We also had a Reuben... More
I ate the Veggie burger and my friend ate the tuna salad both was very good and we finish almost everything.
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Graphite Dry Film Lubricant, 1 Gal
SLIP PLATE| Zoro #: G2476345| Mfr #: 33015
Zoro #: G2476345Mfr. Part #: 33015
$54.30 /ea
This item ships free. DetailsStandard ground shipping
Technical Specifications
|Zoro #: G2476345 Mfr #: 33015
|Min. Operating Temp.: -75 Degrees F
|Sub-Category: Dry Lubricants
|Lubricant NSF Rating: Not Rated
|Color: Gray
|Item: Dry Film Lubricant
|Application: Reduce Friction in Sliding, Twisting or Spinning Parts, Bonds Quickly to Clean Metal, Wood, Concrete, , Some Hard Plastic Surfaces
|Container Type: Can
|Flash Point: 105 Degrees F
|VOC Content: Not Specified
|Sub-Category: Dry Lubricants
|Max. Operating Temp.: 400 Degrees F
|Container Size: 1 gal.
|Lubricant Additives: Graphite
|Chemical Base: Dry Film
|Net Weight: 1 gal.
|Country of Origin (subject to change): United States
Product Description
Heavy Duty Graphite Dry Film Lubricant, Size 1 gal., Container Type Can, Color Dark Gray, Temp. Range -75 Degrees to 400 Degrees F, Flash Point 105 Degrees F, Dielectric Strength Not Specified, VOC Content Not Specified, Metal Detectable No, Application Reduce Friction in Sliding, Twisting or Spinning Parts, Bonds Quickly to Clean Metal, Wood, Concrete, , Some Hard Plastic Surfaces
Restrictions and Compliance
- *2 : California Proposition 65 : This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer.
- *3: Hazardous material


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
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|"C.S. Nirmal J. Fernando (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Commented: (DERBY-4371) Non-selected columns for SELECT DISTINCT allowed in ORDER BY clause if ordered by expression
|Mon, 03 May 2010 17:15:57 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-4371?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=12863409#action_12863409 ] C.S. Nirmal J. Fernando commented on DERBY-4371: ------------------------------------------------ Hi Knut, Thanks for the comments. I'll look into your first and second comments. I printed out a column name given by ColumnReference.getColumnName(), though the column in the table is 'i' it shows as 'I'. To confirm this I created a new table with columns 's' and inserted some values to it, and issued select * command, and the result was displayed as 'S'. That's why I used that method, but now only I knew that we can issue case sensitive column names, by adding within a quotation mark("). > Non-selected columns for SELECT DISTINCT allowed in ORDER BY clause if ordered by expression > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: DERBY-4371 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-4371 > Project: Derby > Issue Type: Bug > Components: SQL > Affects Versions: 10.5.1.1 > Reporter: Bernt M. Johnsen > Assignee: C.S. Nirmal J. Fernando > Priority: Critical > Attachments: DERBY-4371-2.diff, DERBY-4371-3.diff, DERBY-4371-4.diff, DERBY-4371.diff > > > How to repeat: > ij> create table t (i integer, j integer);; > 0 rows inserted/updated/deleted > ij> insert into t values (1,2),(1,3); > 2 rows inserted/updated/deleted > ij> select distinct i from t order by j; > ERROR 42879: The ORDER BY clause may not contain column 'J', since the query specifies DISTINCT and that column does not appear in the query result. > ij> select distinct i from t order by j*2; > I > ----------- > 1 > 1 > 2 rows selected -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online.
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Never trust anybody who prominently wears purple in a mis-matched wardrobe.
Conservative group weblog that publishes daily commentary on political events and topics affecting Canada, the United States and the world.
Speaking at the latest stop on his "thank you" tour of swing states, President-elect Donald Trump told a crowd in Fayetteville, North Carolina that he wants to "strengthen old friendships and seek out new friendships," stressing that the US will "stop racing to topple foreign regimes that we know nothing about, that we shouldn't be involved with."
Trump vows to end overseas 'intervention & chaos,' rebuild 'depleted' US military
From his annual state of the nation address:
"We don't want confrontation with anyone. We don't need it. We are not seeking and have never sought enemies. We need friends," Putin told Russia's political elite gathered in one of the Kremlin's grandest halls.
"We are ready to cooperate with the new U.S. administration. We have a shared responsibility to ensure international security."
For the sake of our children, and our families and our country, I ask you to stay engaged, stay engaged on every level.


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Today's Mat Classes
- 6:00 pm - Muay Thai
Todays Strength & Conditioning Classes
- 5:30 pm - IPC Dumbbell Club
Welcome to Inspire Performance Centre
The Inspire Performance Centre is a facility dedicated and focused on enhancing your physical performance. Our coaches have more than 20 years of experience in their chosen fields having worked with all level of athletes from the promising young, to the elite, the ones who want to run a 5k for charity and those who want to progress in their chosen sport.
We see everybody in our facility as an athlete not a client or a membership number. You will be treated as a member of the IPC team. We have waded through the training fads and bring you only the tried and tested methods that experience show us work.
We are a lifestyle gym if your lifestyle is about improving your body and mind, whether through weight management and nutritional understanding or becoming fitter, faster, stronger for your chosen sport. If you want to run we will take you running, no treadmills but plenty of fresh air, if you need to shower then you can if you use our ice bath first.
From time to time our bodies break down and at IPC we can fix you with our sports injury clinic, our team of physiotherapists have vast experience in their field working with professional sports people on a daily basis, you can have everything from a full functional screen to a full assessment, with rehab available to you will be well looked after.
We like things plain and simple and more importantly we care, if that sounds like the environment for you come and see us. We look forward to meeting you.
Clothing/ Equipment/Nutrition
IPC Wrexham stock a range of professional clothing and equipment suitable for classes at our gym. We also stock a range of dried Organic super foods to use in conjunction with our nutritional plans.
Latest IPC News
Single Leg Exercises
October 10th, 2016
Muscles around the hips, core,lower spine and legs are a base for many strength and conditioning programmes. Hip mobility, strength and control is vital in maximising performance and preventing injury.
Why Single Leg Exercises?
Single Leg exercises are excellent for reducing injury, improving control and the balance of an athlete.
In sports, running, training and life we perform a lot of movements on one leg and don't aways train movements on one leg? A lot of athletes we work with we make sure single leg exercises are in their programme. There is less load on the spine doing these exercises, more awareness of control over the knee and they improve balance, growth and functional development. We engage the core for these movements to balance and it helps develop strength and control around the hips. A great tool for injury prevention and developing athletic performance.
Here are some of our recommended Exercises. Don't Train these without learning the correct technique. Speak to one of our team for details on the exercises.
Balance Single Leg
Simple, balance on one leg with your knee in line with your hip. This will help work your stability. To make it harder have your training partner throw you a tennis ball or close your eyes.
Can be used with kettle-bells, dumbbells or a barbell. A great exercise to start your single leg training which involves the core for balance and control. Start with your bodyweight then work up to weights in your hands before putting a bar on your back.
Bulgarian Split Squat
If you have been to one of our circuits you know what a Bulgarian split squat is. Yes its tough but the benefits are huge. By having your foot on a box or a bench it helps to give you that extra stability while your lead leg does all the work. Drop that back knee and don't let that lead knee go past your toes.
Pistol Squat
One of the toughest exercises to perform. A full squat using only one leg. Form, technique, control and stability are all needed to perform this exercises as well as the mobility in the hip, knee and ankle.
Single Leg Romanian Deadlift
This exercises require control of your midline to keep the back straight and requires excellent balance and control. This exercise is involved in our movement warm-up sequence and can also be done with a kettlebell. The weight is away from your body so really emphasises core strength to control the movement.
Sport Specific/Plyometrics Movements
As discussed in the introduction a lot of movements are performed on one leg especially in sports. Therefore making our training specific is important. Remember we also want to ask WHY? Why are we performing certain movements.
The Prowler: Actually a single leg exercise where the other leg is used for stability. Great for developing speed and power especially if you have not mastered your squat technique. (see our prowler blog for more details)
Single Leg Hops/bounds: Great for balance and control. Can be used as a plyometric and also makes you think about controlling the landing ready for your next movement. The landing in sports can be where a lot of injuries occur so this exercise helps. Great to be done in front of the mirror.
Skaters: Another exercise used in a lot of our circuits. Working the lateral motion with a single leg. So unlike hops we train the upwards motion, bounds we train the distance and skaters we train the side to side motion.
Sled Drag: This can be performed going forwards and backwards. Again important for sports where we are forced to run backwards at times.


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Registration opens March 8th.
Click here to save a registration reminder.
Click here to add the 2017 Bench-Bar and Boardroom Conference to your calendar.
Award winners will be announced soon.
For over 130 years, KCMBA has been a beacon in the legal community, providing quality CLE programs, community support, leadership opportunities, innovative gatherings and rich member benefits. Forty three years ago KCMBA members envisioned the creation of an event that would provide lawyers, judges and other members of our legal community an opportunity get to know each other and, most of all, learn from each other in a way that would enhance both personal and professional relationships. The Bench-Bar & Boardroom Conference, BBBC, stands as a testament to their vision and dedication. This exclusive, members only, event happens once a year in May. Mark your calendars for May 17th to 19th, 2017!
Dean of the Trial Bar
Created in 1985, and formerly called Litigator Emeritus, the Dean of the Trial Bar Award is presented at the Bench-Bar & Boardroom Conference to one or more attorneys who have a substantial and distinguished trial career. The award acknowledges service of current KCMBA members whose litigation skill and professional demeanor have resulted in consistent recognition by their peers as exemplary.
Baron of the Boardroom
Established in 2005, the Barron of the Boardroom Award is presented at the Bench-Bar & Boardroom Conference to one or more attorneys who have a substantial and distinguished career representing clients in corporate/business matters. The award recognizes KCMBA members whose business and corporate accomplishments and professional demeanor have resulted in consistent recognition by their peers as exemplary.
Distinguished Counselor Award
Created in 1998 and formerly called the Congenial Counselor Award, the Distinguished Counselor award recognizes a KCMBA Member who consistently demonstrates the characteristics of professionalism, collegiality, courtesy, equanimity, character, harmony and friendship.
Thomas J. Conway Award
Named for the late Thomas J. Conway, this award was founded in 2001 and recognizes a young trial lawyer with courage and zeal for the client, the constructive use of demonstrative evidence, a collegial attitude toward fellow lawyers and a lifelong spirit of youth and a song in his heart and who demonstrates excellence in advocacy for his or her clients, professional decorum in dealing with opposing counsel, and respect for the courts and the rule of law. This KCMBA member who exemplifies two traits of the late Tom Conway—outstanding trial skills and the ability to be a fierce advocate, while simultaneously a good friend to opposing counsel.
Young Lawyer of the Year Award
This award recognizes a lawyer under the age of 36 for significant community, civic, and professional work. This KCMBA member has contributed significant work toward public service programs and developed innovative activities which have enhanced the community, promoted the highest standards of professionalism, competence and ethical conduct, improved the image and promoted positive public awareness of the legal profession in the community, and achieved substantial success and accomplishment in the legal profession.
Hon. Kelly J. Moorhouse Dedication to Children Award
This award was created in 2013 and acknowledges a contribution significant enough to warrant exceptional recognition both for the individual selected and for the ongoing legacy of Judge Moorhouse. This KCMBA Member is selected based upon his or her dedication to and/or their representation of children and families in the Greater Kansas City Metropolitan Area.
Bench-Bar Awards
Each year we award several attorneys and judges for their hard work and dedication to the community. Click here to see the awards and past winners.


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I'm sure it goes without saying that the majority of us are addicted to checking our iPhones multiple times a day. And it's not just our social media apps, but our emails, our text messages, the weather, the news, and so much more. We can't help but click, tap and swipe multiple times a day to keep up with our digital worlds. For some of us it's so bad that our smart phone addictions are just like having 'digital crack.'Unfortunately though our kids are watching and as most parents already know, they are repeating our every move throughout the day, whether we realize it or not. That's why there's a new report that says kids are doing something you wouldn't believe while you think they are sleeping in bed!
Kids As Young As 9 Are Addicted To 'Digital Heroin' And Here's What You Can Do To Stop It


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GRAPHIC VIDEO: Teen Girls Beat Mayoral Candidate
December 29, 2013 11:24pm PST
A former Minneapolis Democrat mayoral candidate was visiting the the Mall of America on the day after Christmas looking to cash in on the deals, when a male teenager snatched his iPhone at about 7pm in a Starbucks.
Mark Andrew began to follow the suspect and attempted to chase him down in order to regain the phone. It was at this point that two teenage girls pounced on him and began to beat him with billy clubs.
"One jumped on my back and one started beating me upside the head," Andrew recounts. "To be as rageful and as violent as they we're the whole time, is deeply troubling."
The girls allegedly told him "we're going to kill you" during the beating. He added, "They we're fighting the whole time, scratching, kicking, hitting me."
"If somebody is gonna do that to me or somebody else, I'm not a bystander by nature I'll go in and fight," Andrew said, according to CBS Minnesota.
(Read More: VIDEO: Brooklyn Teens Coordinate Flash Mob to Terrorize Mall)
He was taken to a local hospital and treated for 9 stiches after the attack. The two girls we're taken into custody but the male teenager is still on the lose.
Andrew says, "I was targeted because the phone was out and I'm 63 years old, and I'm sure they thought that I was easy pickins." Luckily for the former candidate, his phone was quickly recovered after the suspect reportedly dropped it while trying to get away. "We need to make sure that people who do these crimes, get brought to justice."
One of the most disturbing parts about this incident is the fact that in the most crowded mall in the United States, Andrew was forced to fend off the attackers on his own. No one stepped in to help.
Let us know what you think about this incident in the comments section below. What would run through your mind if you were shopping at a mall and witnessed an older man being beaten my two teen girls brutally with a metal club?
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You may also like to read:
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- Mob JUMPS Girl For 'Being White' – What They Do Next Is Horrifying
- He Caught A Thug Harassing His Wife, So He Did THIS
- People Shocked When Three Bikini-Clad Girls Started Doing THIS


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American Red Cross of Nebraska and SW Iowa
The American Red Cross In Your Community
The Nebraska/SW Iowa Region serves communities across Nebraska and eight counties in Southwest Iowa.
Take a Class
Community Happenings
Gov. Ricketts, ARC Launch Prepared Communities InitiativeThe initiative will help 100 Nebraska communities improve preparedness by 2018.
Nebraska Native and Red Cross Legend Receives Presidential HonorF.J. tried to keep track of his volunteer hours, but he lost count after 26,000.
Latest NewsView All
Oroville Dam Spillway: Evacuees Tell Their Stories
February 17, 2017 -
Scenes from Oroville Dam Spillway
February 17, 2017 -


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In Salman, Supreme Court Rejects Higher Evidentiary Burden on Prosecutors in Insider Trading Cases
The Supreme Court confirmed a more expansive application of criminal insider trading violations when it unanimously affirmed the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decision in Salman v. United States.
Big Data Gets Bigger: 5 Ways to Employ Legal Analytics
Technology advances in both law and the wider world will mean greater reliance on analytics in legal technology.
Lawyers Decipher New Minimum Wage Rules in NY
Gov. Andrew Cuomo said the increase, which he and state legislators approved as part of the current state budget in early April 2016, will affect two million New Yorkers who earn the minimum wage.
Do Daubert Motions Really Work?
More than 20 years into the Daubert era, a surprising number of litigators still have doubts and disagreements about the effectiveness of motions in limine challenging the admissibility of federal court opinion testimony under Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) 702.
When Is Cooperation With the Government Considered 'State Action'?
This article discusses decisions addressing the impact of a corporation becoming entwined in governmental actions, including the Second Circuit's recent decision in Gilman v. Marsh McLennan, and pending motions predicated on the internal investigation that preceded the indictment in United States v. Blumberg.
The Responsible Corporate Officer Doctrine
The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) has historically allowed prosecutors to charge corporate employees with misdemeanors without having to prove personal participation or wrongful intent. But, as the use of the statute has become more frequent and penalties have gotten more severe, the constitutionality of such an application of...
Bio-Rad Spars With Ex-GC Over Scope of Privilege in Whistleblower Trial
As the whistleblower retaliation suit brought by former Bio-Rad general counsel Sanford Wadler hurtles toward trial next month, the lawyer and his former employer are battling over what internal company communications can be used as evidence.
'Zombie' Whistleblower, Denied Award for Tip, Takes SEC to Court
They are called "zombie" whistleblowers—tipsters who came forward to federal regulators before the Wall Street reform laws of 2010 and then return to try to reap the benefits of a bounty program created by the post crisis reforms.
E-Discovery in Review 2016: US Magistrate Judge Maas Looks Back at FRCP Amendments
As he joins commercial dispute resolution services provider JAMS, Judge Maas reflects on how the amendments have been used and misused by litigators and judgers alike.
6 Often-Overlooked Cloud Security Considerations
A look at some less obvious but important considerations related to cloud security and why they are often overlooked.


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10 Comments
Incredibly breathtaking! what an amazing experience with jb just strolling, so in love! love you both! xoxoxo drink some red wine for me :):)July 20, 2010 at 1:44 pm
I love your photos! What kind of camera/film do you use? Or is it digital editing? Love the antique look!July 20, 2010 at 10:50 pm
love the photos and love you!!!! wish bkm, shep, mj and I were there with you and jb!!!July 21, 2010 at 12:34 am
Amazing photos! Venice is one gorgeous place!!July 22, 2010 at 1:11 am
Thanks guys!!
HaleyRyan- i just used my itouch program – color process. They have it on Picnik.com too. And my camera's are an old olympus and a canon rebel xt.
xoxoxJuly 24, 2010 at 10:23 am
Ahhh! I feel like I'm on a mini vacation looking at your pics. And please bring me back a puppy like that too!
xx Vivian @ http://diamondsandtulle.blogspot.comJuly 24, 2010 at 5:45 pm
Just keeps getting better 🙂 You need to print out this entire blog some day. So great. You have quite the life, Sadie, quite!July 25, 2010 at 4:14 am
These photos are gorgeous. My hubby & I are going to Italy next summer & these pics are getting me excited!September 13, 2010 at 12:02 am
that top picture is my top 5 pictures of you. so freaking cuteApril 11, 2011 at 2:31 am
Venice looks ever so beautiful, i stumbled across your blog and i have very much enjoyed reading your posts! It has made me what to go travelling again! So many amazing cities in Europe! Isabella xSeptember 13, 2011 at 9:08 pm


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Live magazine programme on the worlds of arts, literature, film, media and music
January 13th, 2014
Episode 270 of 1397 episodes
The Coen Brothers; The Wolf of Wall Street; T S Eliot Prize winner; playwright John Donnelly.
You'll need to sign in to write a comment.
Welcome to the daily audio workout for your head.


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For those of you who may not have heard, there was a pretty prominent metal outfit by the name of Unlocking the Truth making waves at Warped Tour, Coachella, and as street performers in Times Square back in 2013. How were they making waves you may ask? Well, both members of the band were just 12 years old at the time. While they did do a really sick cover of Chelsea Grin in Times Square, they were also writing and performing their own stuff at different venues. Obviously, with most young artists with that kind of talent, they blew up on the internet, and Sony ended up offering the boys from Brooklyn a contract that would net them a potential $1.7 Million in 2014! With random street performances like they were doing, the viral attention, and now the opportunity to do something in the studio, things seemed to be looking up for the band.
Their cover of Chelsea Grin in Times Square:
The contract, however, isn't so simple; it's not like a company like Sony would just randomly hand cash like that to a couple of 13 year olds. They were handed a $60K advance to make their first record with Sony, which meant that they would have to make all of that money back, and then some. If the band were able to sell 250,000 copies, the could continue with a $350K advance on their second album, and so on. For comparison, Cannibal Corpse sold nearly 9,000 copies in their first week, meaning that Unlocking the Truth would have to sell nearly 10 times as many records in their first week in order to be on track to sell 250,000. So many already well-established bands have trouble breaking 200,000, let alone an extra 50,000 on top of that. So, how would Unlocking the Truth be able to manage?
Well, the truth is that they didn't. This was back in 2014 that the contract was handed to them, and now, they have announced that they're trying to get away from this impossible contract. Billboard reports that the band announced their departure from the label while screening their documentary at SXSW:
"'Our attorneys are working on our exit from Sony now,' guitarist, songwriter and singer Malcolm Brickhouse said at the March 14 world premiere of Breaking a Monster, a documentary on how the band rose from playing the sidewalks of Times Square to the main stage of Coachella and Vans Warped Tour.
"Band manager Alan Sacks confirmed they were in the process of leaving Sony, but said there were no other details to give."
While this is pretty bad news for the band, it could still work out okay for them. They were planning to release an EP through Artery Recordings, but distribution is getting in the way of that, which seems to be the same problem that they're experiencing with their documentary that's being released through CAA. They're also doing commercials for various companies, so this is not a career ending blow by Sony. It just may be a little discouraging for a couple of young artists who are trying to do good.
In the meantime, keep an eye out for the documentary, because if it's comparable to the mini-one they did, it'll be quite interesting:


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Monday, June 6, 2016
Review: Variations on a Fairy Tale
Whether we realize it or not, fairy tales have a special place in our lives. These stories have been passed down from generations to generations. And through time, the stories themselves may have received a few facelifts and edits but the themes are still prevalent. In A.N.O.N. Productions' Snow by Ashley Griffin, the themes of the Brothers Grimm's "Snow White" are explored in an overstuffed production that never really finds its footing.
Snow takes the themes and motifs of one of the most infamous fairy tales and tries to deconstruct them in a grand manner. The only problem is it's a little too grand and impractically unadulterated. Written by Ashley Griffin, who also happens to play a heavy part in the play, Snow is virtually three narratives competing to be the fairest of them all. It's clear that Griffin has an affinity for Snow White and the themes within. She tries to pull them out in a theatrical fashion but for it to resonate properly, Snow is in desperate need of dramaturgical assistance. The three story lines Griffin integrates starts with the original scribes, the Brothers Grimm, rewriting their stories, which happens to be about the fairest princess. We move into the story of a Victorian theater family whose lives parallel the "Snow White" tale when mommy dearest grows jealous of her daughter's rise of fame and affection. Finally, we meet a modern girl with an alcoholic mother who finds herself in a deep sleep coma and must decide whether it's better to wake or die. The trio of tales are forcibly scrambled and intertwine in a fashion that destroys a momentous arc. Snow isn't an adaptation or really a reimagining. It's a theatrical thesis on the Grimm's story that is repetitive and often uninteresting. Individually, the three narratives could be stimulating on their own. Sure, they call attention to one another but it's explored in a manner that is predictable. The other woe is Snow runs inexcusably over 120 minutes without an intermission. Griffin and company made the smart move of not incorporating an act break but it proves the great desire to trim down the text. Or find a different compelling structure.
The sextet that comprised the ensemble played well with the structure of the world. But there were some who stuck out more than the others. Leading the bunch was Maria Deasy in the maternal track and Ian Way in the romantic lead track. Both were game players, finding nuances in their various characters. Playing the central role as well as wearing the playwright hat may not have served Ashley Griffin the best. Whether it happened to be the commentary of the character or simply the performance, Griffin's trio of characters was overwhelmingly whiney. Where Griffin did succeed is her Disney style Snow White bits and her mastering of the ugly cry. But that's not the narrative Griffin the Playwright set forth to tell.
You have to give credit to Ashley Griffin for attempting to try something courageous in her writing but given the current format, Snow doesn't quite live up to the tout.
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