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Learner Guide. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English. Cambridge Secondary 2
- Christina Daniels
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1 Learner Guide Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500 Cambridge Secondary 2
2 Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. Cambridge International Examinations 2013
3 Contents How to use this guide... 3 Section 1: How will you be tested?... 5 Section 2: Examination tips... 7 General advice Reading Paper 1 (Core) Reading Paper 2 (Extended) Writing and Composition Paper 3 (Core and Extended) Argumentative/Discursive compositions Descriptive compositions Narrative compositions Section 3: What will be tested? Section 4: What you need to do Section 5: Revision Reading 5.2 Writing
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5 How to use this guide How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your IGCSE First Language English examination. It will help you to plan your revision programme for the examinations and will explain what we are looking for in your answers. It can also be used to help you to revise by using the tick boxes in Section 4, What you need to do, to check what you have covered. The guide contains the following sections: Section 1: How will you be tested? This section gives you information about the different examination papers you will take. Section 2: Examination tips This section gives you advice to help you do as well as you can. Some of the tips are general advice and some are based on the common mistakes that learners make in exams. Section 3: What will be tested? This section describes the areas of knowledge, understanding and skills that we will test you on. Section 4: What you need to do This section shows the syllabus in a simple way so that you can check that: You have practised each skill You can understand and respond, in English, in a variety of contexts and situations. You are well prepared for the level of examination (Core or Extended) you will be taking. Section 5: Revision This section gives advice on how you can revise and prepare for the examination. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7 3
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7 Section 1: How will you be tested? Section 1: How will you be tested? There are up to three components to your IGCSE course: 1. A final examination Paper 1 Reading Passage (Core) OR Paper 2 Reading Passages (Extended) 2. A further examination Paper 3 Directed Writing and Composition OR you will submit a Coursework portfolio Component 4 3. PLUS You may take EITHER a Speaking and Listening test (Component 5) OR Speaking and Listening coursework (Component 6). Your teacher will assess your skills during the IGCSE course and will discuss with you which papers and which level of examination (Core or Extended) you should take for your version of the syllabus. Extended gives grades A* to E; Core gives grades C to G. Check with your teacher if you are unsure which components you are taking. Paper title and level of examination How long and how many marks? What s in the Paper? Which skills are being tested? What s the % of the total syllabus grade? Paper 1 Reading Passage (Core) 1 hour 45 minutes 50 marks Questions 1 and 2 Reading Question 2 Writing 50% Paper 2 Reading Passages (Extended) 2 hours 50 marks Questions 1, 2 and 3 Reading Questions 1 and 3 Writing 50% Paper 3 Directed Writing and Composition (Core and Extended) 2 hours 50 marks Section 1 Reading and Writing Section 2 Writing 50% Component 4 Coursework Portfolio (Core and Extended) n/a 50 marks 3 Assignments: informative, analytical and/or argumentative; imaginative, descriptive and/or narrative; response to a text 50% In addition, you may EITHER take an optional Speaking and Listening test OR Speaking and Listening coursework. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7 5
8 Section 1: How will you be tested? Paper number and level of examination How long and how many marks? What s in the Paper? Which skills are being tested? What s the % of the total examination? Component 5 Speaking and Listening Test (Core and Extended) 10 minutes 30 marks Part 1 Individual Task Part 2 Discussion An additional reported level Component 6 Speaking and Listening Coursework (Core and Extended) n/a 30 marks Task 1 Individual Task Task 2 Pair-based Activity Task 3 Group Activity An additional reported level For some versions of the syllabus the Speaking and Listening Components count towards the final grade as 20% making the other two components 40% each. For other versions of the syllabus Speaking and Listening does not contribute to your overall result, and is marked as a separate examination, for which you will be given a separate result as a level 1 to 5. You should check with your teacher whether you will be taking Component 5 or 6 and whether Speaking and Listening is separate for you or included in your overall mark. 6 Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7
9 Section 2: Examination tips Section 2: Examination tips This section gives you advice to help you do as well as you can. Some of the tips are general advice and some are based on the common mistakes that learners make in exams. General advice Whichever examination(s) you are taking for your IGCSE course, there are some things you can remember to do in order to give you the best chance of success: Work through the paper in the order set there is nothing to be gained by going to the final question first and in fact often it will work against you as some tasks build up. Make sure that you plan your time in the exam to allow for you to edit your answers leave time to CHECK and CHANGE. You will almost certainly have made a mistake somewhere or be able just to add in a detail those changes could make all the difference to your final answers. Use carets (^) or asterisks (*) to add extra material above the line or at the end of the piece. Do not be afraid to make corrections, using a line through the word(s) and making a clear substitution above or with an asterisk below. Pay close attention to the marks available to make sure that you are spending the right amount of time and effort on each part of your exam. Look out for the key words in a question and underline them what exactly is the question asking you to do? Watch out too for any help being offered to you in the question itself. We want you to do as well as you can, so the questions are worded carefully to help you to focus your attention in the right area. Do not write rough drafts. You cannot afford the time to write out every answer twice, and it is neither required nor desirable that you should do so; plans are sufficient. Have a pen and a spare with which you can write neatly we need to be able to read your answers! Suggestions for length are given as a number of pages and are there to help you understand what is expected and what is possible within the time limit. Don t write much more as you will not have time to check it and may lose marks. If you finish the exam early, go back and check your answers again; you may have missed something. Use commas to separate clauses in a sentence. It is sometimes difficult to follow meaning where they have not been used and should have been. Watch out though that you are not using commas as substitutes for full-stops - this is called comma-splicing and will lose you marks. Keep up your concentration to the end of the examination. Often students start well and then their writing declines in quality as they get tired. Sentence structure, as well as tidiness of handwriting, tends to deteriorate as time passes. Try to keep producing mature vocabulary even when you d rather take the easy option and write on auto-pilot; the last questions carry as many marks as the first. The tips which follow contain useful advice for each question on each examination paper. Make sure that you are reading tips only for the papers you are taking (you may be sitting one or two ask your teacher to check you have the right one(s) before you go any further). There is also some advice about common mistakes made by learners to help you to avoid making the same errors yourself. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7 7
10 Section 2: Examination tips Reading Paper 1 (Core) Paper 1 question 1 Skim read the passage for the gist of it before you look at the different parts of the question. Then scan the passage to find the answer to each part of the question in turn. Each part of the question will tell you where to look in the text to work out your answer for example it may say to look at certain lines, certain words or the whole passage. Generally, the questions will get more challenging as you work through, so watch out for instructions designed to help you for example if you are told to use your own words or give a certain number of reasons. Notice how many marks there are for each question. This will help you to judge how much to write for your answer and the number of points you will need to include. For example, a question with 6 marks is expecting you to offer more than a question with only 1 mark. There is no need to repeat the whole of the question before beginning your answer. He means that... or It is because... are enough to provide a grammatical introduction to your sentence. This will save you time. Where you are asked to give a word or words you do not need to answer with a full sentence more time saved! If you are asked to write a paragraph though, make sure you answer in continuous writing (using proper sentences). For example, you will need to write a paragraph for the summary question and should not use lists or bullet points. Paper 1 question 2 Remember that in this question your reading and writing skills are being tested so you need to be using both picking out ideas from the passage and reworking them to write a convincing response. You will need to use and develop the ideas contained in the passage, and add original details of your own. Don t forget that your ideas should remain based on the passage and not stray too far from it. Remember that the quality and accuracy of your writing are being judged in this part of the examination paper. The question may give you bullet points to help you structure your piece of writing. You will need to check your answer when you finish and correct any mistakes you notice. Look out especially for things you might not have noticed as you were writing like missed full-stops and careless spelling errors. You will be rewarded for showing a wide range of vocabulary, so aim to avoid using the same word too often and try to choose more precise vocabulary rather than always the first word you think of. Try if you can to hear your answer read out in your head this will help you to check that you are using an appropriate register (that it sounds right). For example, a news report is going to differ in style from a magazine article. Reading your answer back to yourself will also help you to spot slips in punctuation and check your sequencing of ideas. 8 Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7
11 Section 2: Examination tips Reading Paper 2 (Extended) Paper 2 question 1 The passage for this question will probably contain a description of a person or place or both. To do well, you will need to be sensitive to the atmosphere being created and show appreciation of the feelings of any characters in your response. This means watching out for details and picking up on clues in the passage as you read. In this question, you are going to be rewarded not only for identifying relevant material in the passage but also for development of those ideas and use of supporting detail. Some ideas might be quite subtle and implied. This means that you will need to use any clues and details you noticed when you were reading in order to write a convincing response. If you are aiming to score the full 15 marks available for Reading in this question, it will not be enough to just repeat details you have read. The more you can adapt the details from the passage to suit the task you have been set, the more likely you are to score well for reading. When you are preparing to write your answer, it will really help you to highlight the material in the text you are going to use using a pencil so that you can change your mind if you need to. Next, draw up a quick plan in order to organise the ideas you ve found into a logical structure, before you start writing your response. If you are given bullet points to remind you of what should be included, use them to check you have covered what is required. These bullet points can also help you to structure your answer. The material from the passage should be put into the appropriate section and not repeated. Do not be tempted to add extra sections. For instance, where you are given the questions to ask in an interview, stick to those questions only and develop the responses to them. It can make your answers too fragmented or less focused if you add more. If a detail is relevant, use it! Make sure that you are using as much of the material as it is possible to do. However, there may be some parts of the passage which you can ignore because they are not covered by the question. Do not drift away from the text. Everything you write must be directly connected to the passage and be supported by references to it. Using words or phrases from the passage here and there when you are giving details within your answer is fine. Watch out though that you do not copy big chunks of text as that is not going to be showing your understanding, just your handwriting! You should try to use your own words as far as possible. Before you start writing, you will need to decide on the appropriate tone to use you will decide this based on your audience and why you are writing. You might even be writing in character. You can expect that you will have to write in a reasonably formal style this is after all an English exam! It is rarely going to be a good idea to use slang for example. Even if the task is to write a letter to a relative, it will be someone distant or older, such as an uncle whom you haven t met recently. If a task asks for report to your fellow learners, it will be official or for publication in the school magazine. It is really important to remember who you are writing for and to address them directly imagining this is a real situation (as far as possible). For the full marks out of 5 for Writing you need to show that you have structured your answer, sequenced your ideas, and used a wide range of original and appropriate language. Thinking about the way your answer would sound if it was read out loud will help you to check if you are getting this right. If the question has several parts to it, you can either deal with them in the order they are written in the question or you can deal with them together. You can decide on your own structure for your answer, but what matters is that there should be a structure of some kind which is clear to your reader. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7 9
12 Section 2: Examination tips Obviously, it is important that we can read your work so you need to make sure that your writing is legible. You won t get any marks for how it looks in terms of layout though. For example, it is wasting time to divide a newspaper report into columns or add drawings and extra advertisements to try to make it look similar to real life. This cannot be rewarded and it will distract you from the real task of providing appropriate and accurate content for your response. Don t forget that you are writing in continuous prose so should be using paragraphs. Checking and correcting your answer at the end is essential. You will need to make changes to correct slips and perhaps words or phrases which don t sound quite right in context. Paper 2 question 2 This question will be in two parts. You need to give equal attention to each part and provide at least half a page for each. Make sure that you concentrate on the sections of the passage which you have been told to look at. You should aim to find relevant quotations to support each of your points. Give the quotation, in quotation marks, explain its meaning, and then explain its effect in the passage. Spend some time thinking about which choices you will explain choose the strongest examples rather than necessarily the first ones you come to. Make sure that it is clear which word(s) you are discussing. If you choose more than three or four words together it is not clear which one(s) you are selecting, so try to keep quotations short. Avoid clumping words together or listing them again you need to focus on each word individually as you explore and explain the effect the writer wanted them to have on the reader. You need to do more than label literary features saying that something is a metaphor is a starting point but to show understanding of effect you need to explain why and how the author has chosen that particular image in the context of the passage. Do not select a quotation which you do not understand as you will not be able to explain either its meaning or its effect. When you are explaining a quotation, do not repeat the words used in it. You need to use your own words to show that you are understanding what you are reading. Do not repeat quotations; you cannot get credit more than once for the same choice. You need to give a full range of explained effects and link them into an overview which shows understanding of what the writer was trying to achieve in the passage as a whole. Try to avoid generalised and gushing comments such as The writer makes me feel as though I am there and The passage is cleverly written. These will gain no marks and give the impression that you are failing to find things to say. You need to explain HOW this is the case. When you have some ideas for your comments, think about how they fit together before you start writing your answer in that way you can avoid contradicting yourself in the effects which you are suggesting. There are alternative answers possible in this part of the exam, so think in some detail about the way the language is being used and explain those ideas clearly in your answer. When you are planning your answer, things to look for could include: use of the five senses including colour, noise or sound effects use of contrast or links between the subject and the environment surprising or unusual words in the context of the description imagery ( similes and metaphors ) 10 Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7
13 Section 2: Examination tips To score marks though you will need to explain HOW they work, not just find them. Though there are no marks for writing in this question, if the examiner is not able to follow what you are saying then it will be hard for you to show your understanding. Try to keep the examiner in mind as you write explain your points fully so that we know exactly what you are suggesting. Paper 2 question 3 Though this question is called Summary, it is not a general summing up of each of the passages. Instead, you will need to focus just on the specific ideas or details relevant to the question set. You should treat the passages separately and focus on the exact wording of the question. Do not attempt to synthesise the two passages. This is not required and is not rewarded; trying to do so also makes your task more difficult as they may not be directly comparable. Both halves of the question are equally important and you should give them each about half a page. (Summaries much longer than half a page are no longer summaries and will be penalised in the Writing mark.) Make sure that your points count they need to be clear, not vague. Don t repeat points. You do not need to introduce or conclude your summary this will waste time and words. Start by using the wording of part of the question e.g. The features of the desert were... Find all the points you can for each part of the question. Do not stop when you get to 15. The only way to be sure of getting all 15 Reading marks is to use everything relevant. To get all 5 Writing marks you need to show evidence of clear and concise summary style throughout, precise focus and the use of your own words. You will lose marks if your summary is in the wrong form - for example you should not use bullet points or a list. Don t write in the first person or write a narrative and don t use quotation. Don t comment on the content of the passages. Use your own words whenever possible, but you do not have to find synonyms for technical objects e.g. solar heaters. You should aim to use complex sentences containing more than one point in each to score well for reading and be concise enough for summary style. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7 11
14 Section 2: Examination tips Writing and Composition Paper 3 (Core and Extended) Paper 3 Section 1 For this question, you will need to put yourself into role, and address your audience directly. The opening needs to introduce clearly the situation and purpose of the task, and will be rewarded if it puts the reader in the picture. You need to be clear and often persuasive in tasks like these, so imagining that you are addressing someone in front of you might help you to keep that in mind. Do not be overly casual though - this is a formal piece of writing. Even if it is for your peers in a school magazine, written language for publication is less colloquial than spoken language. Your answer will not be in the same genre as either of the texts, and should therefore be in a different style from both of them. You should try to use as many ideas from the passages as possible as they will all be relevant, but you will have to change the way you express them; all the material you use from the passages must be modified to suit the new genre. Do not write as yourself unless you are specifically told to do so and keep in mind why you are writing for example are you meant to be persuading someone or offering advice? There will almost certainly be two texts, perhaps in different genres e.g. a letter and a dialogue. The question will require you to assimilate information from both texts so you must not ignore one of them, but don t just lift from the text(s) word for word. You need to find the ideas and use them. The recommended structure for the response will be offered in the wording of the question, and you should follow this. There will be at least two factors to focus on for example advantages and disadvantages. You will need to make two lists before you start in order to make sure you have enough material for both sides of the question. The third element of this question is evaluation; you will have to decide which of the options is better, present reasons why you have formed this opinion and justify it. Keep your focus on what the question is asking you to do. Do not get distracted by peripheral issues; for instance if you are asked how money should be spent, don t discuss the fund-raising methods. Make strong transitions between points/paragraphs e.g. Yet another reason to support this proposal is... You need to link your ideas together logically so that if someone in real life was reading this response they would follow what you are saying step by step. Though you cannot make up things which are not in the passages, you should try to use your own ideas in the way that you extend those of the passages, provided that they are based on the reading material. The ending needs to be definite and provide an effective and satisfying conclusion to the piece. Paper 3 Section 2 It is essential that out of the six available you choose a question which you understand and which suits your writing abilities. Though the three different genres are marked according to the same mark scheme for Style and Accuracy, they are marked differently for Content and Structure. The three genres are different from each other, so you need to be aware of the characteristics of each. 12 Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7
15 Section 2: Examination tips Whichever type of essay you choose, it should be planned first. If after 5 minutes you have managed to collect only a few ideas for your choice of title, switch to another one. The plan should contain between 6 and 10 points or ideas which can be developed into paragraphs, if the essay is going to be of a suitable content and length. Aim for about 8 paragraphs and 400 words. Openings to compositions are important as they either engage the reader or they don t. Try to grab your reader s attention from the start. Take the opportunity to show off your range of vocabulary find precise words to use and vary your choices. Argumentative/Discursive compositions Be clear about the difference between an argumentative and a discursive essay. When asked directly to give your own opinion you should commit yourself to a line of argument. When asked to give a range of possible views then you may or may not choose to say what you personally believe. Mention counter arguments and dispute them. A strong argument includes refutation of the other point of view. In this way you can show that you are not purely being ignorant or prejudiced in your response. It is important to show balance in presenting the argument. If you are having difficulty finding enough points to support your stance you should consider arguing the opposite view it might be easier! Aim for an effective introduction which captures attention and makes the topic and context clear. You should end on the side you are arguing for; structure your essay so that you deal with the other side first and end strongly to clinch your argument with a final convincing point. Do not repeat yourself To sum up and In conclusion are not strong endings as you won t be saying anything new to convince your reader. It is generally advisable to argue your own personal viewpoint as it is likely to sound more convincing. It is however possible to argue effectively for or against an argument which you have never considered before, provided that you can marshal some evidence from the media, facts, statistics and experience. These are the areas from which you draw your supporting detail and illustration. Do not get too passionate about the topic as this will make your essay sound too emotional and subjective, and therefore less persuasive. Sometimes there is a single word in the question which alters the emphasis of the argument, for instance the word compulsory. Make sure you pay attention to the key words in questions when you are planning and answering it is worth underlining key words to remind you. Try using personal pronouns I, you and we can make your argument seem more authentic and inclusive. Do not start each paragraph with a numbered point - firstly, secondly, thirdly and so on - as this can become tedious for the reader and sound quite artificial if the ideas are not in fact sequential. Use other paragraph linking words, the ones which show whether your argument is continuing in the same direction (e.g. furthermore, in addition ) or changing direction (e.g. nevertheless, on the other hand ). The key is to make sure that your argument is building as you go. Use your connectives to help you take your reader with you so that they can follow your train of thought all the way through. Three-point structures (sometimes called tricolons) can sound authoritative, e.g. involving the learners, the teachers and the parents. More than three of anything becomes a list; fewer lacks persuasive impact. Be selective though - overuse of tricolons is rarely effective. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7 13
16 Section 2: Examination tips Descriptive compositions It is difficult to write interesting descriptions, so this type of composition should not be attempted unless you have had practice and success at this type of writing. To write a strong descriptive answer you will need to use a wide range of vocabulary and even use imagery to engage reader interest. Unless the readers can see the picture they will not be able to relate to the experience. You will need to use a variety of sentence structures. All forms of repetition should be avoided unless you are deliberately using it carefully for effect. You will need to evoke all five senses to create an environment and atmosphere, as well as details of size, shape and colour. Make colour precise, e.g. scarlet, azure, off-white, bluish-grey. Try to avoid common, overused, vague, short and childish vocabulary, such as nice, big, little, a lot of, good, and bad. Each noun probably needs one or more adjectives in front of it to give sufficient detail. Don t let your description become static give structure and progression to your description e.g. moving towards or through something, such as a street market or busy shopping mall, or going through a period of time, an hour or a day for instance, and recording the changes. Descriptive compositions must not become a narrative, which means character and event should not take over or be dominant. (You can have lots of description in a story but you should have as little story in a description as possible.) Narrative compositions Decide on a tense and then stick to it; do not jump between present and past. The normal narrative tense is past and those who try to write in the present usually forget to do so after a while, so it is safer to start off in the past. Know what your last sentence is going to be before you write your first. A narrative has to build up to a climax and lead towards a conclusion which is planned before it starts or it will end lamely or incomprehensibly, or the pace will be too slow or too fast. Don t try to do too much; you can t cover many events and many years in one short composition. Select key moments and skip over the rest, changing the pace according to the intensity of the moment. Don t try to include too many characters (generally no more than than three is best). Don t try to give them all speech. For the top band, complexity of narrative and structure is required e.g. framing the story; flashback or forward time jump; two parallel strands being brought together. However, do not attempt these devices unless you are sure you can manage them. Use dialogue by all means (if you can punctuate and set it out correctly) but don t overdo it. You shouldn t turn your story into a play, nor should you dilute the effect of occasional and significant moments of speech by giving the characters trivial things to say throughout. Save speech for important moments. If you do use dialogue, find synonyms for he said/she said. Even narrative needs description. You need to help your reader imagine characters and places by adding significant details to bring them alive. Choose to tell your narrative in first or third person and stick with your choice; do not switch viewpoint accidentally, as this is confusing for the reader. 14 Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7
17 Section 2: Examination tips Don t use a first person narrator if you want to die at the end of your story! It is generally safer to use third person narration as it gives you more flexibility and a wider viewpoint. Don t end your story with And then I woke up in hospital, or It was all a dream. Try to avoid clichés of any kind, including stereotypical characters and predictable outcomes. Use similes, but avoid obvious ones such as as red as a rose. Make comparisons unusual, but still apt, by giving them a moment s thought and making them more specific e.g. as red as a matador s cape. Use plenty of interesting details to engage your reader and make them want to read on. Don t exaggerate; too much blood or too many unlikely events become ridiculous, and fear is more believable when it is mental rather than physical. Use your own knowledge and experiences as inspiration. It is better to think of something that actually happened to you, or someone you know, or which you read in a book or saw in a film, than to try to make up something entirely from scratch. It will sound more convincing. You will need to adapt, embellish and exaggerate the original idea to make it relevant, fresh and memorable just retelling the plot synopsis or giving a factual account is not likely to interest your reader. Keep a balance in the different parts of the narrative. An over-long introduction reduces the effect of the middle section where things build up to a climax, and you need to leave yourself time to create a memorable ending. End your narrative deliberately. Stories need a conclusion, where things are either resolved or purposely left unresolved as a cliff-hanger (though on the whole readers prefer to know how a story ended). You must not give the impression that you just stopped writing because you ran out of time, ink or ideas. Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7 15
18 Section 2: Examination tips 16 Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7
19 Section 3: What will be tested? Section 3: What will be tested? The syllabus sets out the skills which will be tested in the examination papers. In First Language English, there are four main skills two which test how well you understand and receive information, and two which test how well you are able to convey, or pass on, information. This information might be information you have just received, or it might be new and original information. The skills are as follows: Assessment objective Reading Writing Core demonstrate understanding of words within extended texts scan for and extract specific information identify main and subordinate topics, summarise, paraphrase, re-express show some sense of how writers achieve their effects recognise and respond to simple linguistic devices including figurative language express thoughts, feelings and opinions in order to interest, inform or convince the reader show some sense of audience demonstrate adequate control of vocabulary, syntax and grammar exercise care over punctuation and spelling write accurate simple sentences attempt a variety of sentence structures recognise the need for paragraphing use appropriate vocabulary Extended show a more precise understanding of extended texts recognise the relationship of ideas draw inferences, evaluate effectiveness, compare, analyse, synthesise show understanding of how writers achieve their effects recognise and respond to more sophisticated linguistic devices show a wider and more varied sense of different styles to interest, inform or convince the reader show a clear sense of audience demonstrate a sophisticated use of vocabulary and structures demonstrate accuracy in punctuation and spelling write accurate complex sentences employ varied sentence structures write in well-constructed paragraphs use imaginative and varied vocabulary Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7 17
20 Section 3: What will be tested? Assessment objective Core Extended Speaking and Listening understand and convey both simple and detailed information present facts, ideas and opinions in an orderly sequence make relevant comments on what is heard, seen or read describe experience in simple terms and express intelligibly what is thought and imagined recognise and give statements of opinion and attitude speak audibly and intelligibly with appropriate tone, intonation and pace understand and convey more complex information in an interesting and authoritative way consciously order and present facts, ideas and opinions for a particular audience evaluate and reflect on what is heard, seen or read describe and reflect on experience and express effectively what is thought and imagined discuss statements of opinion and attitude, discerning underlying assumptions and points of view The Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening Objectives to be tested are divided as follows: Reading: R1 Understand and collate explicit meanings R2 Understand, explain and collate implicit meanings and attitudes R3 Select, analyse and evaluate what is relevant to specific purposes R4 Understand how writers achieve effects Writing: W1 Articulate experience and express what is thought, felt and imagined W2 Order and present facts, ideas and opinions W3 Understand and use a range of appropriate vocabulary W4 Use language and register appropriate to audience and context W5 Make accurate and effective use of paragraphs, grammatical structures, sentences, punctuation and spelling Speaking and Listening S1 Understand, order and present facts, ideas and opinions S2 Articulate experience and express what is thought, felt and imagined S3 Communicate clearly and fluently 18 Cambridge IGCSE First Language English v0.7
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2007 GMC Sierra 2500 HD Repair and Maintenance Costs
A guide to repairs, service, and maintenance costs for your 2007 GMC Sierra 2500 HD
Never overpay. Check prices with our estimator
Verified by mechanics, reported by drivers like you
Ask a mechanic in our community
Our experts translate recalls into plain English
2007 GMC Sierra 2500 HD ProblemsSpeedometer or Other Instrument Panel Gauge May Work Erratically
The speedometer or other instrument panel gauge may begin to work erratically at times. Our technicians tell us that the instrument cluster must be sent to a repair facility to correct this fault. The warranty has been extended on some of these units to 7 years or 70,000 miles.
One or more heater & AC (HVAC) temperature and/or air delivery mode door actuator may fail, resulting in improper temperature or air delivery. If this occurs, fault code(s) should be stored in the HVAC control module which should assist in diagnoses.
The 4WD transfer case encoder motor position sensor or the selector switch may fail causing the service 4WD message to be displayed. Fault code(s) stored in the transfer case control module will be of assistance in determining the exact fault causing the message to be displayed.
2007 GMC Sierra 2500 HD QuestionsPO507 WHAT AND WHERE IS THIS (1 answer)
Really hard to steer in 4wd. Would rather drive it in 2wd and take my chances then fight 4wd. Then have to drive it about a mile for it to disengage. Then you can hear it disengage with a thump.
2007 GMC Sierra 2500 HD RecallsFront Passenger Air Bag Defective
In a crash that deploys the passenger front air bag, the inflator of the air bag can rupture, causing metal debris to strike vehicle occupants. Dealers will replace the front passenger air bag inflator free of charge to correct the concern.
If too much current is drawn from the auxiliary battery, the fusible link can melt, causing risk of fire. Dealers will replace the jumper harness with one that includes a 40 amp inline fuse, and provide vehicle owners with supplemental owners manual information free of charge to resolve the problem.
The heated washer module under the hood could overheat due to excessive current draw. Under certain conditions, this could result in an under hood fire. This previous recall attempt in 2008 to repair this concern did not have the expected success. Dealers will now permanently disable and remove the heated washer module to correct this concern. This recall is expected to begin on June 20, 2010.

subset: commoncrawl


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Save me some money anyway
Save me some money anyway
Last Derbies/PTBs post. Found two British options per MoK, both look pretty similar and have Dannite soles:
Cheany Deal
Barker Nairn
Tricker's Woodstock Espresso. These are slightly more expensive and look weird from the side but I prefer this color over black
Alden black calf PTBs
AE Leeds cost as much as the Cheany and are probably not as well made. Loake 205s use polished binder. Aldens are the most expensive.


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Hotels in Aldeia Galega
Hotel reservation
Aldeia Galega
Hotel rooms in Aldeia Galega
There are not so many hotel rooms in Aldeia Galega, just 3, still everyone can find an offer to suit his choice. The most common offers in this city are guest houses, they count 2 out of 3, and their prevalent location is central district. According to our practice, it is the most profitable to book a hotel in the west of Aldeia Galega, as it is the location of the hotels with optimal cost and quality offers along with the cheap hotels. Taking into account the small size of the city, there is no need to dwell hotel reservation on the location: the road to the city center would take less then half an hour, so one can book a hotel in any district of Aldeia Galega. The most populated with hotels district of Aldeia Galega is the south, 33% of cheap hotel rooms are concentrated here. However, even those who want to live in the center can choose from 1 variants of hotel rooms. Aldeia Galega is a truly multifaceted city, here everyone can find a hotel of his choice: a business person, a young couple or a family with little children. The view to garden from the hotel room can serve as a pleasant addition to the journey. Take a look at our selection of the cheap hotel rooms in Aldeia Galega to make a well-informed choice for your reservation!
Aldeia Galega cheap hotels
Guest Houses
Aldeia Galega
All cheap hotels in Aldeia Galega
Best hotels in Aldeia Galega
Hotels in Aldeia Galega are spread around the city within the distance of 1.7 kilometers, while 1 hotels are located directly in the city center. The most popular accommodations in Aldeia Galega is
Casa da Vagem
located in a 0.7 kilometers from the city center.
The best hotels are here and now. Try them!
All cities in Portugal


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NFL Notes
Mike Shanahan, still Washington's coach for now, made a surprising reversal Monday and said he might bench a "100 percent" healthy Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season to keep the quarterback from getting hurt.
Shanahan essentially declared it might be more beneficial for Griffin to get offseason snaps in May rather than game experience over the next three weeks. The coach, for the first time, then explicitly left open the possibility that he might not return next year, saying his future will be decided after he meets with owner Dan Snyder at the end of the season.
Shanahan's departure appears more likely than ever after Washington (3-10) was embarrassed 45-10 by Kansas City Chiefs on Sunday, a fifth straight loss that ensures a third season of double-digit losses in the coach's four seasons with the team.
"You always want to come back. I love these guys," Shanahan said. "What'll happen at the end of the season, we'll get a chance, Dan and I, to sit down and decide — he'll make the final decision on what's the best interest of the (team). I'll give my opinion and what I think, and obviously he'll make the final decision."
The New England Patriots placed tight end Rob Gronkowski on injured reserve Monday because of a damaged right knee. Gronkowski was hurt midway through the third quarter of the Patriots' 27-26 win over the Cleveland Browns on Sunday when he was hit on the knee by safety T.J. Ward after a 21-yard reception. He reportedly suffered a torn ACL and damage to the MCL.
Gronkowski missed the first six games this season after forearm and back surgeries and the Patriots went 5-1. In the next six games, he led all NFL tight ends with 37 catches and 560 yards receiving.
Wes Welker is unlikely to suit up for Denver's game Thursday against San Diego after leaving Sunday's win over Tennessee with his second concussion in four games. Speaking to reporters Monday, Coach John Fox didn't rule out his receiver but said Welker's health is the top priority and he would go through the standard NFL protocol for players who have endured concussions.
"The league is pretty strict," Fox said. "We're obviously concerned with any player's health, whatever that is."
Though there are no hard-and-fast guidelines for returning, the best-case scenario for players who pass their post-concussion tests early in the week is to return to light practice Thursday, full practice Friday and be listed as probable for the game. Welker will be under more scrutiny because this is his second concussion since Nov. 17.
Tyrann Mathieu's terrific rookie NFL season has come to a premature end. Arizona coach Bruce Arians has confirmed that Mathieu tore an ACL and sustained further damage in his left knee and will undergo surgery.
Mathieu, who earned the nickname "Honey Badger" in his days at LSU, was Arizona's starting safety and had been a defensive force for the Cardinals.
Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson said the team's medical staff has ruled out the type of Lisfranc injury to his foot that can keep a player out for months, rather than weeks. Though he said he's still sore from the injury he suffered in Sunday's loss to the Ravens, Peterson said he's expecting to play this week against Philadelphia. "Nothing is torn. That's always good," he said. …
An MRI shows Panthers' backup running back Jonathan Stewart tore the MCL in his right knee in Sunday night's 31-13 loss to New Orleans. Panthers coach Ron Rivera says Stewart will be out a minimum of 10 days, but remains optimistic he could return at some point this season.
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Fear, Anxiety
Doc. I am so worried beause my mental health is disturbed i can't control my emotions and most of all fear, I has soo much fear, and soo much headache.
70 Views
Doctor Answers (1) on Fear, Anxiety
Dr. Divya Shree K.R
10 yrs. of exp | Bangalore | Psychiatrist
Hello, Your description of symptoms is inadequate to understand your problem.It could be an anxiety related problem which can be treated easily. Please visit a psychiatrist to get yourself evaluated.
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4 bedrooms, sleeps 8 Part of our Cottages with hot tubs selection. Four generous sized bedrooms ideal for friends and family.
Stable House
Brand new for 2016. Decadent and spacious 4000 sq ft 18th century house with six bedrooms and 12 person hot tub.
If you are looking for the most romantic lodge holiday you could imagine… look no further… The Wentworth lodge is the ultimate romantic getaway.
Gamekeepers Cottage
3 bedroom listed cottage in the most romantic and idyllic of locations. Situated besides a small river. Hot tub.
Extremely well designed spacious lodge with 1 double and 1 twin room both with luxurious ensuite bathrooms and flatscreen TV/DVD. Private hot tub and large garden.
The ultimate romantic retreat with hot tub.
Fishermans Cottage
2 bedroom cottage with private hot tub. This property is situated by a small river and exudes tranquility and charm.
Luxurious, spacious 3 bedroom lodge. Perfect for a family holiday with a hot tub.
Deerpark Cottage
Centuries old spacious and refurbished 3 bedroom cottage with large garden and hot tub.
Deluxe 2 bedroom lodge with hot tub.
A spacious and well designed 3 bedroom luxury lodge with hot tub ideal for a family.
Superbly furnished 2 bedroom lodge with hot tub.
Gorgeous 1 bedroom lodge with hot tub. Perfect for spoiling someone special or a honeymoon.
Malham Lodge
Exceptionally stylish lodge with one master king size double with dressing table with ensuite 2 person deluge shower.
Sika Lodge
Luxury lodge perfect for the ultimate romantic getaway with one master king size double with flat screen TV and dressing area.


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3611 W 16th St, Indianapolis, IN 46222Request info Add to list
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Building Details:
3611 W 16th St is aretail property for lease in Indianapolis, IN.
This property is located near the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on West 16th Street, less than 3 miles from I-465 and I-74. In addition to many possible office/retail uses, the main building offers an open floor plan and ample parking. The adjacent, freestanding building currently is occupied by a successful pizza restaurant.
7,440 SF main building + 831 SF secondary building on 0.46 acres
24 parking spaces
The smaller building has a successful pizza restaurant as tenant
Zoned C-3
Sale price: $255,000
Lease rate: $12.00/SF NNN
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Description of
Game Theory for Networks: 6th International Conference, GameNets 2016, Kelowna, BC, Canada, May 11-12, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes of ... and Telecommunications Engineering)
Editors: Cheng, J., Hossain, E., Zhang, H., Saad, W., Chatterjee, M. (Eds.) 6th International Conference, GameNets 2016, Kelowna, BC, Canada, May 11-12, 2016, Revised Selected Papers This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Game Theory for Networks, GameNets 2016, held in Kelowna, Canada, in May 2016. The 13 papers were carefully selected from 26 submissions and cover topics such as algorithmic game theory, game models and theories, game theories in wireless networks, design and analysis of economic games. Number of Pages X, 147 Number of Illustrations and Tables 40 b/w illustrations Topics Computer Communication Networks Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) Numeric Computing e-commerce / e-business Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet) Consider Purchasing a Premium account from for Multiple/High Speed And Support :) Any contribution is appreciated


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P&R Labpak Limited
ovens, consumables, mixers
P&R Labpak Limited supply a wide range of laboratory supplies including consumables and equipment ranging from beakers and cylinders right through to autoclaves, balances and stirrers.
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P&R Labpak Limited - Everything for Your Laboratory Laboratory equipment from balances to washing machines. We are main dealers or distributors for most recognised brands in the marketplace and can offer assistance and technical help to choose the right product to match your budget and needs.
P&R Labpak Limited - Everything for Your Laboratory Laboratory chemicals, reagents, standards and solutions
We can help with all enquiries whether small or large.
We are recognised in the industry and offer an excellent service with product support and advice.
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Breast Implant Revision
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This African American patient selected 725 ml implants for her 110 lb frame. The patient was told prior to surgery that the breast implants were too large for her frame. She was also reminded that these large implants are more likely to create droop over time and thin out breast tissue over time, sometimes creating rippling. In addition, larger implants put the patient at greater risk for back and neck problems. She was counselled extensively on these items.
By uploading this photo, Kenneth B. Hughes, MD has agreed with RealSelf.com policy that they've secured proper patient consent.


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"An oasis in the heart of the Medina with arty rooms, an inviting pool and delectable food"
The 7 spicy bedrooms at Riad L'Orangeraie are warm and colourful, like their names. The traditional tadelakts are a cunning combination of Marrakech earth reflecting each spice pigment - so the Saffron room has mandarin tones and the Turmeric is a sunny yellow. Those are the twin rooms on the second floor and along with the doubles (Ginger and Cinnamon), have views to the garden and swimming pool patios.
The 2 suites on the ground floor, Coriander and Nutmeg, are larger doubles opening onto the patio and garden - their sister suite Paprika is on the second floor.
All the rooms feel fresh and vivid. As you will too, after using the exemplary bathroom facilities. One of Laurent's pet peeves is below-par plumbing, and one of the reasons the riad re-construction took more than a year is his determination that under no circumstances would this be a hotel where the hot water was unpredictable at best, and tepid at worst!
Recruited from the kitchens of the better guesthouses in the Marrakech Medina, Nadia is the chef at the Riad de L'Orangeraie and she will be enchantée to fulfil guests' gourmet requests.
Breakfast is a Franco-Maroc combo of crepes, breads, fruits and juices and is included in the room price.
Dinner is available on request - just let staff know over breakfast; you can choose from a range of dishes, or tell Nadia if you're desperate to try something specific, and she'll head off to the market in order to get all the ingredients she'll need. Her speciality is pastillas, delicious fold-over filo-crust pastries layered with meat and eggs and laced with cinnamon, almonds and sugar. But she is an equally dab hand with tagines, terjla and, of course, cous-cous. There is a barbecue on the roof terrace which can be used with the assistance of staff.
All meals are served on the patio with the aroma of orange flowers and the tinkling of fountain water ... and perhaps a Moroccan rosé for accompaniment.
If you prefer to dine in town, there are numerous eateries on your doorstep.
Children of all ages are welcome, and cots and extra beds can be provided for an additional cost. However as this is a city riad, it is more suitable for older children.
Teens (over 12)
Tumeric, Saffron, paprika, Coriander and Nutmeg can fit either an extra bed or baby cot, and Ginger and Cinnamon can fit a baby cot.
For more family-friendly places, see our Kids Collection


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Americans Believe Pettitte had Conversations with Clemens Regarding Both Players' Use of HGH
(Logo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20071204/NYTU133LOGO )
The study was conducted during February 18-19 by HCD Research using itsmediacurves.com web site, to obtain Americans' views on comments made by AndyPettitte during a press conference yesterday in Florida.
Pettitte was one of the players listed in the Mitchell Report. He admittedunder a sworn affidavit to a congressional committee that he did use HGHduring his baseball career. He also told the committee that on two occasions,he had conversations with Roger Clemens regarding both players use of HGH.
While watching video segments of Pettitte's press conference, participantswere asked to indicate their levels of believability by moving their mousefrom left to right on a continuum. The responses were recorded inquarter-second intervals and reported in the form of curves.
According to Glenn Kessler, president and CEO, HCD Research, AndyPettitte's believability levels were compared to Roger Clemens' believabilitylevels from a study conducted last week on mediacurves.com. "The believabilitylevels were measured using a scale of -100 to +100, with -100 indicating notbelievable at all and +100 indicating completely believable," explainedKessler. "Overall, Clemens received a score of +4 and Pettitte received ascore of +24, suggesting that Pettitte was moderately more believable amongrespondents."
Participants were also asked pre- and post-viewing questions. To viewbelievability curves and detailed results, go to: www.mediacurves.com
Among the findings:
Do you believe Andy Pettitte when he testified that he had twoconversations with Roger Clemens about "both" players' use of HGH and RogerClemens' use of steroids?
Do you believe that Andy Pettitte only used HGH to recover from an injury,as opposed to gaining a competitive advantage?
The mediacurves.com web site provides the media and general public with avenue to view Americans' perceptions of popular and controversial media eventsand advertisements.
HCD Research provides traditional and web-based marketing andcommunications research services. For additional information, access thecompany's web site at www.hcdi.net or call 908-788-9393.Prior to viewing Pettitte's comments After viewing Pettitte's comments Yes - 66% Yes - 69% No - 11% No - 12% Don't Know - 23% Don't Know - 19%
SOURCE HCD Research
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New Zealand
|Showing 1-20
New Zealand news
Mark Gillespie cut from Wellington squad
Jul 23, 2015: Former Test fast bowler Mark Gillespie has been cut from Wellington's contract list, but both Gillespie and Wellington coach Bruce Edgar have left the door open for a possible return
The Ford Trophy 2013-14
Canterbury prevail in high-scorer against Otago
Mar 12, 2014: A round-up of the Ford Trophy matches played on March 12, 2014
Plunket Shield 2013-14
Rain rescues Northern Districts, Bracewell saves Otago
Feb 19, 2014: Round-up of the Plunket Shield matches that ended on February 19, 2014
Plunket Shield 2013-14, 4th day
Canterbury crash to 310-run defeat
Feb 2, 2014: A round-up of the Plunket Shield games that ended on February 2, 2014
New Zealand news
Bracewell, Gillespie in New Zealand's A team for subcontinent
Jul 2, 2013: Test cricketers Doug Bracewell, Mark Gillespie and Neil Broom are among 18 players named by New Zealand Cricket for their A-team tour to India and Sri Lanka in August
New Zealand XI v England XI, Tour game, Queenstown
A test of mettle and form for New Zealand hopefuls
Feb 26, 2013: Four New Zealand XI players - Tom Latham, Hamish Rutherford, Neil Wagner and Mark Gillespie - are looking to impress selectors with their performance in the tour game
Plunket Shield 2012-13
Wellington cling on to a thrilling draw
Feb 9, 2013: A round-up of the Plunket Shield match played between February 7 and 10
New Zealand in South Africa 2012-13
Michael Bates replaces injured Mark Gillespie
Dec 13, 2012: Michael Bates, the Auckland seamer, has been named as a replacement for Mark Gillespie in New Zealand's Twenty20 squad for the tour of South Africa
New Zealand in South Africa 2012-13
New Zealand's Gillespie replaces Milne for SA T20s
Dec 12, 2012: New Zealand fast bowler Adam Milne has been ruled out of the Twenty20 series against South Africa, after picking up an Achilles injury
New Zealand in West Indies 2012
Injured Gillespie out of Test series
Jul 3, 2012: The fast bowler Mark Gillespie has been ruled out of New Zealand's Test series against West Indies due to an ongoing ankle problem, further depleting a squad already hit by injuries
Why are Gillespie and Wagner missing?
Jun 22, 2012: The World Twenty20 seems to have been the priority in New Zealand's contracts list - never mind that there are 11 Tests in the next 12 months
New Zealand news
Gillespie misses out on New Zealand contract
Jun 20, 2012: The fast bowler Mark Gillespie has missed out on a national contract despite being New Zealand's leading wicket taker in their most recent Test series
New Zealand v South Africa, 3rd Test, Wellington, 3rd day
Gillespie takes in the pain, and picks up six
Mar 25, 2012: A wound on the toe did not stop Mark Gillespie from bagging a six-wicket haul in Wellington which may lose itself in the mass that was the South African innings
New Zealand v South Africa, 3rd Test, Wellington, 3rd day
Hosts steady after South Africa make 474
Mar 25, 2012: Mark Gillespie's impressive return to Test cricket continued as he completed his second five-wicket haul in as many matches, but the strikes did little to rein in South Africa, who declared 30 minutes into the third session
New Zealand v South Africa, 2nd Test, Hamilton, 2nd day
'Five doctors told me I shouldn't be playing' - Gillespie
Mar 16, 2012: Both on the field and off, Mark Gillespie is one hard man: he keeps things brief when he talks, and just bowls and bowls and bowls, even through the all the pain
New Zealand v South Africa, 2nd Test, Hamilton, 2nd day
New Zealand attack allows South Africa off the mat
Mar 16, 2012: New Zealand had South Africa reeling at 88 for 6 but their bowlers were unable to deliver the fatal blow, allowing South Africa to steal a first-innings lead
New Zealand v South Africa, 2nd Test, Hamilton, 2nd day
de Villiers, seamers set up South Africa
Mar 16, 2012: New Zealand closed out day two in a state similar to their position the previous evening, struggling to compete with an opponent they had dominated in passages of play, but allowed to charge back emphatically in others
South Africa in New Zealand 2011-12
Southee dropped for Hamilton Test
Mar 12, 2012: Tim Southee has been dropped from New Zealand's squad for the second Test against South Africa in Hamilton
Plunket Shield 2011-12, 4th round
Arnel, Vettori star in Northern Districts win
Feb 27, 2012: Northern Districts fought back to beat Canterbury at the Mainpower Oval in Rangiora, winning their third game of the tournament and taking the lead in the points table
Plunket Shield 2011-12, 3rd round
Wellington beat Canterbury in stunning comeback
Feb 20, 2012: Mark Gillespie took six wickets in the second innings and Josh Brodie led the chase with a hundred as Wellington completed a stunning comeback to win by five wickets against Canterbury
|Showing 1-20
How the teams fared at the auction
A round-up of the work done by the eight IPL franchises at the auction in 2017
IPL player auction - What to expect in 2017?
ESPNcricinfo looks at how the teams stand and whom they might buy at the tenth IPL player auction, in Bangalore on February 20
Australian cricket's two Indias
For long, Australians expected hardship on a tour to India. These days the living conditions are far more friendly, and the difficulties are mostly out the middle
IPL player auction - New faces and where they could end up
ESPNcricinfo takes a closer look at the skillsets of some of the first-timers at the IPL player auction
The Ashwin blueprint for Lyon's success
Nathan Lyon will have to adopt some of his Indian counterpart's methods if he is to set his record in Asia right; and he has been working on doing just that
How the teams fared at the auction (190)
A round-up of the work done by the eight IPL franchises at the auction in 2017
Australia face three selection questions (128)
Who should open - Renshaw or Shaun Marsh? Should Glenn Maxwell be picked? And what about Matthew Wade?
Why isolating the BCCI is bad politics (126)
The dismantling of the Big Three regime offered the opportunity to forge a collaboration for a new global order in cricket, but that has gone to waste
Australian cricket's two Indias (102)
For long, Australians expected hardship on a tour to India. These days the living conditions are far more friendly, and the difficulties are mostly out the middle
The Ashwin blueprint for Lyon's success (95)
Nathan Lyon will have to adopt some of his Indian counterpart's methods if he is to set his record in Asia right; and he has been working on doing just that


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I'm a full time single mom and I work full time, got to school part time and still manage to have a minute for anime. I love anime and constantly refer to things in my every day life to things i've seen in anime. With everything going on and the area I live in, I find it difficult to meet like minded anime lovers.
2,115 total episodes
Hey Euphie-chan~ I hope you don't find this creepy but I haven't heard from you and couldn't find you on my kik list so I'm kinda worried..
well what's to say more? irashai masen! :D
Welcome to Anime Planet! I hope you enjoy your time with this great community :D


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Micaela Greg static tee dress
Micaela Greg static tee dress
‧ short sleeve boxy knit tee dress ‧ static stripe pattern ‧ drop sleeve & side seam pockets Made in usa
Sisters Wendy and LaRae Kangas are the babes behind this boutique tucked away in New York City's East Village. The Minnesota natives set up shop together in 2008 to showcase their love for practical, lasting style. They stock an impressive edit of vintage clothing alongside new season pieces from emerging designers we love, plus, you'll find a sweet selection of home goods set against white washed walls and hanging planters. The space is small, but we guarantee you'll want to stay awhile. Duo NYC is participating in our Vintage Pop-Up this October. Their careful edit is what minimalist dreams are made of.