text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 8, 1978
|Filing date
|Apr 11, 1977
|Priority date
|Apr 11, 1977
|Publication number
|William A. Huffman, Harvey A. Brown
|Original Assignee
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (13), Classifications (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to pleochroic methine 4-nitroarylidene dyes in guest-host combinations with dielectrically positive nematic liquid crystals. This invention further relates to electro-optical devices employing the said guest-host combinations.
Electro-optical devices in which liquid crystals are employed usually comprise two transparent flat plates having very thin transparent electrodes on their inwardly facing surfaces, separated by from a few microns to a few tens of microns and with a liquid crystalline composition filling the space between the plates. It is these plates which are referred to below as walls of the vessel. Impressing an electric or magnetic field on the liquid crystal affects the optical properties of the layer of liquid crystal.
It was discovered by Heilmeier and Zanoni, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 13, page 91-92 (1968) that, when pleochroic dyes are combined with nematic liquid crystals in a device such as above, the pleochroic colors of the dye are manifested as an electric field is applied and released. The nematic liquid is referred to as the "host" and the pleochroic dye as the "guest" so that the composition is referred to as a guest-host combination. The phenomenon has been utilized in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,551,026, 3,597,044 and 3,960,751 to produce electro-optical devices.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,551,026 employs substances, e.g., p-n-butoxybenzoic acid and butyl anisylidene amino cinnamate, which become nematic at relatively elevated temperatures and the device used therefore provides for heating although not requiring it. Methyl red and indophenol blue are used as pleochroic dyes.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,597,044 employs p-n-acyloxybenzylidene-p'-aminobenzonitriles as nematic liquid crystals with various pleochroic dyes and particularly combinations of nematic liquid crystals which then have depressed crystalnematic transition temperatures just above room temperature and may remain supercooled at room temperature.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,960,751 employs nematic liquid crystals having positive and negative dielectric anisotropy separately or together in different examples with novel pleochroic 1,4- and 1,8-bis(monoalkyl amino)anthraquinones either alone or in combination with other pleochroic azo dyes.
In order for an electro-optical device employing nematic liquid crytals to be operable the liquid crystal must have an oriented structure which is controlled by the direction of an applied electric field. Liquid crystals (mesomorphic substances) tend to have rod-like molecules. When the long axes of the liquid crystals are perpendicular to the walls of the cell or vessel the structure is termed homeotropic. When the long axes of the liquid are parallel to the walls of the cell or vessel the structure is termed homogeneous because of the homogeneous boundary conditions. When two homogeneously orienting walls are at right angles of lines of orientation a twisted nematic liquid crystalline structure is achieved. This can be altered to a cholesteric phase by addition of a soluble optically active nematic liquid crystalline material such as: ##STR1## wherein the alkyl groups are active amyl and active heptyl. In such cases it is the axis of the helix of the cholesteric phase which is homeotropically or homogeneously oriented.
Homogeneous boundary conditions may be achieved by several techniques each of which offers advantages for certain purposes. These are well known in the art and do not need to be described in detail. Suitable techniques and references showing the procedure include:
1. rubbing, e.g. with aqueous suspension of very fine zirconium oxide in a single direction, cf. F. J. Kahn "Nematic Liquid Crystal Device" U.S. Pat. No. 3,694,053;
2. mechanical surface scribing or deformation, cf. D. W. Berrgman, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 28, p. 1683 (1972);
3. deposition of organic materials, such as trimethoxysilane, R--Si(OCH3) followed by rubbing as above, cf. F. J. Kahn, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 22, p. 11 (2/1/73) and idem, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 22, p. 386 (4/15/73)
4. deposition of inorganic materials such as metal oxides or MgF2, vapor deposited at angles of 1�-30� to the coated surface, cf. J. L. Janning, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21, p. 173 (1972) or deposition at angles above 30� followed by rubbing.
Homeotropic boundary conditions, which are generally of less interest, are attained, for example, by coating with metal oxides at angles well above 30� or treatment with surfactants.
Positive anisotropy is exhibited by liquid crystals which tend to align longitudinally with an impressed field. Such compounds are of particular significance for guest-host combinations of the invention. It is usually only necessary that the overall effect is that of dielectrically positive anisotropy so that the liquid crystalline host may be composed of high percentages of dielectrically negative anisotropic materials with smaller amounts of highly dielectrically positive anisotropic materials.
Many pleochroic dyes which are useful in guest-host combinations also tend to have elongated molecules with little or no absorption along their long axis and absorption of light in various portions of the visible spectrum along the short axis. Other pleochroic dyes may align oppositely being colorless on the short and colored along the long axis.
These are of two types when combined with nematic liquid crystal having a homeotropic structure, i.e. molecules perpendicular to walls of vessel, the first above type of pleochroic dye then aligns its rods with those of the host liquid crystal and no color is seen until an electric field is imposed. Correspondingly, when the same pleochroic dye is combined with a nematic liquid crystal having the twisted structure, the molecules are aligned parallel to the walls of the vessel and progressively at right angles and the combination appears colored until an electric field is applied.
By combining two pleochroic dyes, one each of the above two types, devices which change from one color to another are evidently possible. A further effect is obtained by incorporating an isotropic dyestuff with a pleochroic dyestuff so that the colors of the two are additive at one stage and the isotropic dyestuff appears at the other stage of cycling the electric field.
In order that there be a cycle between colorless and colored or between two colors for a given device it is obviously imperative to employ the dye in amounts which are alignable by the nematic liquid crystal, i.e., not in excess of the proportions which are within the capabilities of alignment by the amount of liquid crystal present. This is usually found to be up to about 5% by weight. In some cases the solubility of the pleochroic dye is inadequate to achieve concentrations above about 1-5% by weight. Combinations of the prior art are capable of achieving contrasts from zero to maximum electric field of about 2:1 up to about 4:1. It would be desirable to have greater solubilities and higher contrasts and these are therefore aims and objects of the inventions.
It has been found that methine 4-nitro-arylidene dyes having certain substituents, particularly CN, in the 2 position of the arylidene group are pleochroic and usefully compatible with nematic liquid crystals. The 4-nitroarylidene dyes having the general formula: ##STR2## wherein: Z represents the atoms necessary to complete a mono- or polycyclic dihydroheterocyclic nucleus having 5 to 6 atoms in the ring including the N of the formula and preferred arylidene dye bases which are acutance agents include these in which Z is --CH═CH--, --CH═CH--CH═CH--, ##STR3## where R4 is H, alkyl or alkoxy of 1-2 carbon atoms,
R1 is an alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl group;
m is 0 or 1;
k is 0, 1 or 2;
T is selected from CF3 or CN and R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or together constitute a condensed carbocyclic aromatic ring.
Particularly useful guest-host combinations are formed, for example, with typical dielectrically positive anisotropic nematic compounds or compositions such as N-p-hexylbenzylidene-p'-aminobenzonitrile or 4-cyano-4'-heptylbiphenyl or compositions including these compounds in dominating amounts, i.e., providing net dielectrically positive anisotropy. It will be understood herein that positive anisotropy refers to dielectrically positive anisotropy.
The methine 4-nitroarylidene dyes can be employed at up to equimolar properties with the nematic compounds to obtain contrast ratios up to at least 10:1. The combinations are particularly valuable because they provide colors not generally available heretofore in guest-host combinations, e.g., magenta and cyan.
Many of these 4-nitroarylidene dyes are further remarkable in providing exceptionally high values of the optical order parameter S particularly when there is included a polymethine chain. This parameter is a measure of the efficiency of orientation of a dye. It is determined by measuring absorption of light as the reciprocal of percent transmission at λmax through a liquid crystal solution of the dye between electrode-coated plates in a cell as described above with and without an impressed field. Where A1 and A0 are the absorption with and without field respectively, ##EQU1## The parameter S is given as a decimal number less than 1. Pleochroic dyes of the prior art provided values of S of the order of about 0.3 to 0.5. Many of the present 4-nitro-arylidene dyes give optical order parameters of 0.5 and higher and in preferred compounds are 0.7 and higher. These compounds further provide colors not readily available heretofore in guest-host combinations. The 4-nitroarylidene dyes therefor provide an unexpectedly high range of values of S not to be expected from any prior art teachings.
The unusual properties of the instant pleochroic guest-host combinations render them of value in electro-optical display devices, such as for calculators, watches, etc. and also for use as electronic shutters for devices such as cameras, projectors and by use in a specular arrangement they assist in providing mirrors which can pass from specular to transparent and can be employed in cameras or wherever mirrors are used.
Reference is now made to the several drawings herewith wherein
FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically an electro-optical valve device employing guest-host combinations of pleochroic dyes of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows in diagrammatic fashion a homeotropic guest-host combination of the invention with no impressed voltage.
FIG. 3 shows the homeotropic guest-host combination of FIG. 2 with impressed voltage.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show combinations in guest-host relationship of homogeneous positive anisotropic nematic liquid crystals and dyes of the invention without and with impressed voltage respectively.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show combinations of FIGS. 4 and 5 but with orientation of walls of cell at right angles giving twisted nematic liquid crystals. FIG. 6 is without and FIGS. 7 and 8 with impressed voltage.
FIG. 9 shows transmittance curves of a 5% solution of 4-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline dissolved in positive nematic liquid crystal (4-cyano-4'-n-pentyl-biphenyl) with and without impressed voltage as in FIGS. 2 and 3, etc.
FIG. 10 shows decrease in optical density (ordinates) with increasing impressed voltage (abscissae) for the system of 5% of 4-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline in N-p-hexylbenzylidene-p'-aminobenzonitrile.
FIG. 11 shows a system comprising a non-pleochroic dye together with a pleochroic 4-nitro arylidene dye in positive anisotropic nematic liquid crystal.
In FIG. 1 a cell 8 is shown having wall 12 and 14 inwardly coated with conductive coatings of tin and/or indium oxide 16 and containing guest-host combination 18 of positive anisotropic nematic liquid crystal and pleochroic dye (not indicated in this figure). Cell 8 is placed between light source 10 and observer 24 with polarizer 28 and, for certain uses, analyzer 26. Cell 8 is provided with a source of direct current 20 shown as a battery but any source is the equivalent thereof. The source of current is connected to coatings 16 of the cell with switch 22 interposed.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show an enlarged view of the end of cell 8 with diagrammatic representation of the molecules of nematic liquid crystalline material 30 and dissolved pleochroic dye 40. The cell walls of FIGS. 2 and 3 have been treated as described above so that homeotropic orientation occurs when a voltage is applied as indicated in FIG. 3 and molecules 30 and 40 tend to orient at right angles to the walls as shown.
The cell of FIGS. 4 and 5 is shown in facial view. The inner cell walls have been oriented in parallel arrangement as described herein suitable by coating with MgF2 at a low angle over the tin and/or indium oxide. The orientation of FIG. 4 with 0 impressed voltage is changed by an applied voltage of about 2 volts and molecules 30 and 40 align with the field.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 shows the behavior in a cell with twisted orientation. The cell walls are as for FIGS. 4 and 5 but with orientation at right angles. In FIG. 6 there is orientation in a vertical direction at the rearward wall and horizontally at the forward wall with no impressed voltage. When a voltage is impressed as in FIGS. 7 and 8 it is seen that molecules are oriented with the field. In FIG. 6 a portion of cell and contents are cut away to show orientation on the rearward wall.
FIG. 9 shows transmittance curves of a cell as shown in above Figures containing a guest-host combination of the invention as described below in Example 2. The upper curve is with impressed voltage.
FIG. 10 shows change of optical density (ordinates) with increasing voltage (abscissae) for a solution of 4-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline in N-p-hexylbenzylidene-p'-aminobenzonitrile. It is seen that there is about 15-fold increase in transmission from 1 to 5 volts applied.
FIG. 11 shows a system comprising 5% of a non-pleochroic dye, 1-(2',4',6'-tribromophenyl)-3-phenylacetamido-5-pyrazolone and 5% of 4-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline in N-p-hexylbenzylidene-p'-aminobenzonitrile showing transmittance with and without impressed voltage of the non-pleochroic pyrazolone dye alone 200 and with 210 and without 220 impressed voltage for the combined system. With no impressed voltage the color appears to be a shade of green and with voltage a shade of red.
As indicated above it is necessary in forming guest-host combinations of the invention to employ positive anisotropic nematic compounds or compositions. Included in typical compounds with positive anisotropy are the following with temperature at which conversion of crystalline to nematic state (C→N) and nematic to isotropic state (N→I) occurs:
Table 1______________________________________ C→N N→I______________________________________N-p-n-Hexylbenzylidene-p'-aminobenzonitrile -- 51.5-52.5N-p-[(p-methoxybenzylidene)-amino]benzonitrile 105 125N-p-[(ethoxybenzylidene)-amino]benzonitrile 106 118N-p-cyanobenzylidene-p'-n-butoxyaniline 70 93N-p-cyanobenzylidene-p'-octyloxyaniline 83* 107______________________________________ *Smectic to nematic transition
Other useful positive anisotropic nematic liquid crystals are included in compounds ##STR4## wherein R = alkyl or alkoxy of 1-7 carbon and X is alkyl or alkoxy of 1-9 carbon atoms.
Eutectic mixtures and combinations of all the above are also useful. Illustrative eutectic mixtures of 4'-substituted 4-cyano-4'-alkyl biphenyl are included in Table 2.
Table 2______________________________________ comp � C4'sub (Mol) C→N N→I______________________________________nC5 H11 59 3 37.5nC7 H15 41nC5 H11 55nC5 H11 O 15 0 57.5nC7 H15 O 13nC8 H17 O 17nC7 H17 36nC3 H7 O 18nC5 H11 O 15 0 61nC7 H15 O 12nC8 H17 O 12______________________________________
The above compounds with positive anisotropy can be employed with compounds such as the representative species of several useful groups of nematic liquid crystals with negative anisotropy shown in Table 3.
Table 3______________________________________ � C C→N N→i______________________________________N-p-methoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline 19 45p-[N-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-amino]- 120 166 phenylbenzoateN-p-methoxybenzylidene-p'-aminophenylacetate 79 102p-azoxyanisole 119 133p-n-butylbenzoic acid p'-n-hexyloxyphenyl ester 56 87butyl p-(p'-ethoxyphenoxycarbonyl)phenyl- 73 127 carbonatep(p'-ethoxyphenylazo)phenyl heptanoate 73 127p(p'-ethoxyphenylazo)phenyl undecylenate 64 107p-methoxybenzylidene-p'-butylaniline 20 44.5N-(p-butyoxybenzylidine)-p'-pentylaniline 41 80p-ethoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline 38 78-9______________________________________
Some groups of included compounds are ##STR5## wherein R and R1 are lower alkyl of C1 -C4 ; ##STR6## wherein R is alkyl of C1 -C7 and R1 is alkoxy of C1 -C7 or wherein R is alkoxy of C1 -C7 and R1 is alkyl C1 -C7 ; ##STR7## wherein R and R1 are alkyl of C1 -C7 and a or b are H or one can be Cl. ##STR8## wherein R is alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and eutectic mixtures of such compounds.
When combined nematic compounds of Table 3 are with those of Tables 1 or 2 the combinations must have a net positive anisotropy. This may be achieved using only relatively low percentages of materials with high positive anisotropy when the other materials have relatively low negative anisotropy. Such combinations include, for example, A and B shown in Table 4 as percentages. Both are nematic at least from -10� C to +50� C.
Table 4______________________________________ A B______________________________________N-p-methoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline 57.3 51N-p-ethoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline and 32.7 29N-p-hexylbenzylidene-p'-aminobenzonitrile. 10.0 20______________________________________
The 4-nitroarylidene dyes used in the present combinations are prepared by methods similar to the generally known methods for preparation of odd-numbered methine cyanine dye bases such as are described in, among other references, Chapter XI, Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds by Hamer, Interscience Publishers (1964), and are fully disclosed and claimed in the copending application of one of us Ser. No. 687,003 filed May 17, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,033,948, the disclosure of which in regard to preparation methods and examples is herein incorporated by reference.
In order to determine the optical order parameter a cell is constructed to provide orientation of a host nematic medium. Two glass plates 5 mm thick and about 5�7 cm are cleaned thoroughly by washing successively in acid, alcohol aqueous ammonia and distilled water and dried at 65� C in an oven. Each plate is then coated on one surface by vapor deposition of indium oxide which makes the surface electrically conductive. The indium oxide surfaces are oriented, i.e. rendered anisotropic, by unidirectional rubbing under slight moderate pressure for about 20 strokes with a cotton pad impregnated with an aqueous suspension of zirconium oxide. Each plate is carefully rinsed with distilled water, placed on edge in an oven and dried for one hour at 65� C. Two strips of polytetrafluoroethylene sheets about 12 μ thick are cut about 5 cm long and applied to the oriented surface of one plate at a distance of about 5 cm and the other plate applied with orientation directions of the two plates at right angles. The assembly is then fastened together.
A solution of the pleochroic dye to be tested is prepared by warming about 0.5 g of the nematic combination of Table 4 to 65� C (i.e., above the isotropic melting temperature) and dissolving about 50 mg of the dyestuff therein. This should provide an optical density of approximately 2 at 655 nm. With the solution still above the isotropic melting point one edge of the cell is applied to the dyestuff solution which is drawn up to fill the cell by capillary action. After cooling for a period of time the temperature of the solution drops below the isotropic point into the nematic region and testing can continue.
Electrical contacts are made to the indium oxide coatings on the exposed ends of the glass plates forming the cell using alligator clips and these are connected to a switching circuit including a source of low voltage direct current capable of providing 50-100 microamperes over the range of 0.8 to 10 volts or of sufficiently high fixed voltage. The cell is then placed in the sample beam of a spectrophotometer (such as Perkin Elmer Model 350) having polarizing filters in both reference and sample beams and parallelly arranged analyzers. The filters give a neutral gray color when crossed. The transmittance is scanned over the range of 400-750 nm. and recorded graphically with no voltage applied to the cell (switch off) and with a voltage exceeding the threshold for the particular host (switch on). The resulting graphs generally resemble those shown in FIG. 9 in which the lower curve represents excellent transmittance (low absorption) at the peak at about 560 to 625 nm with no impressed voltage, and substantially complete absorption with impressed voltage.
A similar device is conveniently employed as an electrically controlled shutter for a camera using concentrations of the dyestuff sufficient to give substantially complete exclusion of light and substantial transparency with changing electrical field. A sequence of two of complementary colors may be employed to give more complete exclusion of light, if desired.
Examples of methine 4-nitroarylidene dyes available through the above application and used in guest-host combinations of the present invention include the Examples shown in the following Table 5 for each of which the approximate color is given (M=magenta, C=cyan) as well as the optical order parameter, S:
1. 4-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline; M, S=0.33.
2. 4-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline; M, S=0.26.
3. 2-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-ethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline; M, S=0.55.
4. 2-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-methyl-6-ethoxy-1,4-dihydroquinoline; M, S=0.35.
5. 2-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-ethylbenzothiazoline; M, S=0.48.
6. 4-(2-cyano-4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine; M, S=0.58.
7. 2-[3-(2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)allylidene]-1-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline; C, S=0.75.
8. 2-[3-(2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)allylidene]-1-ethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline; C, S=0.60.
9. 4-[3-(2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)allilidene]-1-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline; C, S=0.69.
10. 2-[3-(2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)allylidene]-1-ethylbenzothiazoline; C, S=0.58.
A reflecting electro-optical cell is made by filling an electric field cell with composition which is nematic with high positive anisotropy at ambient temperatures, a means of eliminating the necessity for an external polarizer and a dye with very high optical order parameter and suitable means for providing the desired surface boundary conditions such as surfaces coated at a low angle with MgF2 as described above.
A suitable combination is a mixture of equal parts by weight of N-p-butyoxy-, N-p-hexyloxy-, and N-p-octanoyloxy- benzylidineaminobenzonitriles to which is added 5-10% by weight of an optically active nematic material such as the active amyl ester of cyanobenzylideneaminocinnamic acid. This addition provides a cholesteric host material, and enables the dye to efficiently absorb both polarizations of light in the relaxed state. In an applied field the cholesteric host undergoes a phase transition into a nematic state with homeotropic alignment. In this state the dye molecules are aligned parallel to the incident light and are not absorbing.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 21, 1941
|May 28, 1946
|John F Dreyer
|Optical device and method and manufacture thereof
|May 14, 1946
|Mar 13, 1951
|John F Dreyer
|Dichroic light-polarizing sheet materials and the like and the formation and use thereof
|Sep 3, 1968
|Aug 3, 1971
|Rca Corp
|Electro-optic light modulator
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|Rca Corp
|Liquid crystal color display
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|Sep 3, 1974
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Guest-host liquid crystal device
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|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Electro-optical display
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|Jun 1, 1976
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Electro-optical display element
|Sep 18, 1974
|Jun 15, 1976
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Color display device
|Nov 19, 1975
|Jan 18, 1977
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Color display device
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|Jun 28, 1977
|The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britian And Northern Ireland
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|Jun 28, 1977
|Rca Corporation
|Electro-optic device
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|Jul 5, 1977
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Acutance agents for use in thermally-developable photosensitive compositions
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|Farbstoffe fuer fluessigkristallmaterialien
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 23, 1979
|Nov 11, 1980
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Liquid crystal compositions containing pleochroic dye
|Feb 23, 1979
|Nov 11, 1980
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Liquid crystal compositions including pleochroic dye
|Sep 11, 1980
|Apr 13, 1982
|Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited
|Liquid crystal composition
|Jun 22, 1981
|Jul 19, 1983
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Helichromic compounds and displays
|Dec 23, 1982
|May 15, 1984
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Cycloalkyl-type isotropic dyes for liquid crystal display devices
|Dec 30, 1982
|Jun 5, 1984
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Substituted anthracene-type isotropic dyes for liquid crystal display devices
|Oct 22, 1982
|Apr 30, 1985
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Helichromic-smectic liquid crystal compositions and display cells
|Dec 30, 1982
|Jul 23, 1985
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Substituted anthraquinone-type isotropic dyes for liquid crystal display devices
|Apr 22, 1983
|Jul 22, 1986
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Liquid crystal display device having contrast-enhancing dye
|Aug 28, 1979
|Oct 27, 1987
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Pleochroic dyes and electro-optical displays therewith
|Jul 24, 1986
|Jul 19, 1988
|Otis Engineering Corporation
|Apparatus for monitoring a parameter in a well
|Dec 2, 1996
|Jul 21, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Liquid crystalline display
|Jul 22, 1980
|Feb 19, 1981
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Display device with dynamic internal polarizer
|U.S. Classification
|349/165, 252/299.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Knife Edge
Book 2
By (author) Malorie Blackman
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Knife Edge by Malorie Blackman
Book DescriptionWHEN TRUTH AND JUSTICE ARE NO LONGER BLACK AND WHITE ISSUES ...Sephy is a Cross, one of the privileged in a society where the ruling Crosses treat the pale-skinned noughts as inferiors. But her baby daughter has a nought father ...Jude is a Nought. Eaten up with bitterness, he blames Sephy for the terrible losses his family has suffered ...Now Jude's life rests on a knife edge. Will Sephy be forced, once again, to take sides? A razor-sharp and intensely moving novel, the second in the Noughts & Crosses sequence.
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Book DetailsISBN: 9780552548922
(198mm x 129mm x 26mm)
Pages: 416
Imprint: Corgi Childrens
Publisher: Random House Children's Publishers UK
Publish Date: 30-Jun-2005
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
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Callum is a nought - an inferior white citizen in a society controlled by the black Crosses. Sephy is a Cross - and the daughter of one of the most powerful, ruthless men in the country. But when Sephy and Callum's childhood friendship grows into love, they're determined to find a way to be together. And then the bomb explodes...
US Kirkus Review » Sephy is alone and pregnant living in an apartheid state. Her own father had her light-skinned lover Callum executed, and she's despised by Callum's brother Jude. In this racist society, where black-skinned Crosses subject white-skinned naughts to crushing racial prejudice, Sephy stands in a dangerous middle ground. She wants to raise her child in peace, but both naughts and Crosses condemn her, and Jude wants to exact revenge. Both Sephy and Jude cross race borders in their quests, Sephy joining a naught rock band and Jude romancing a liberal-minded Cross woman. As in Black and White (2005), the ideological message is heavy handed, somewhat shallow and inconsistent: Mixed-race children are either extremely rare, or common only on society's margins; naughts claim a unique vernacular which is never used in the text; a Cross woman is portrayed as remarkably kind and intelligent with no exploration of how wealth and privilege make such traits easier to come by. The personal tragedies of Sephy and Jude's lives in a broken world, however, are rich and genuine. (Fiction. YA) (Kirkus Reviews)
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Author Biography - Malorie Blackman
MALORIE BLACKMAN has written over sixty books and is acknowledged as one of today's most imaginative and convincing writers for young readers. She has been awarded numerous prizes for her work, including the Red House Children's Book Award and the Fantastic Fiction Award. Malorie has also been shortlisted for the Carnegie Medal. In 2005 she was honoured with the Eleanor Farjeon Award in recognition of her contribution to children's books, and in 2008 she received an OBE for her services to children's literature. She has been described by The Times as 'a national treasure'. Malorie Blackman was the Children's Laureate 2013-15.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Thursday, September 22, 2016
Fall'n in Love With Leaf Printing
9 comments:
Natalie, this is such a beautiful project. I absolutely love how the students' artwork really pops with such intense colors. We at Creative Adventures would love to offer you a free copy of our new art activity book, if you're interested. You have such a great blog and we'd love to get to know you more!ReplyDelete
Beautiful! All so different but all so gorgeous. JanReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.ReplyDelete
A very good article. Thank you!ReplyDelete
A very good article. Thank you!ReplyDelete
I would love to try these, they are so beautiful. Did you have to re-spray with water before printing, since watercolor dries so quickly? Thanks!ReplyDelete
This is a very amazing creativity. Really art is a great way to improve the creativity skill of the kids. My son has very much interest for drawing and painting. So last week I took his admission into Euro Art Studio which locates & serves for teens between 4-17 throughout the New Jersey, USA. It offers Art classes for children and teens in a wide range of mediums and by a certified Art teacher as well as working artist. I think he gets a very good platform to show his creativity skil.ReplyDelete
These are great!ReplyDelete
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text:
I know how to check for existence of file via if/else, and it worked in my previous assignment:
File f = new File("file.txt");
if (f.exists() && f.canRead()) {
// Code goes here.
} else { } // Error message.
However, if I do the same with buffered image, like so:
private BufferedImage img;
File f = new File("pic.png");
if (f.exists() && f.canRead()) {
img = ImageIO.read(f);
} else { } // Error message.
Then compilers demands try/catch or @throws which defeats the purpose. What am I doing wrong? Would it be better to package all my sprites in a .jar and call them as resources (which I am planning on doing once finished)?
If it at all matters, I am running on JRE 1.6, and the file check is inside switch case statement.
As its a checked exception you have to catch it. It doesn't matter if its actually thrown or not. Your manual error handling won't be able to handle all cases. Consider you are reading from a network drive and the connection could be interrupted while reading.
Update Looking at your comments above. As told you have to build a try/catch block as the exception could be thrown and handling of the checked exceptions it required per specifaction. With your prior checking you are already avoiding the risk of a
FileNotFoundException. Sometimes you even have I classed where the implementation doesn't throw any error at all, but as its in the interface you still have to handle it e.g. ByteArryOutputStream.close().
If you see the declaration of
ImageIO.read method: -
public static BufferedImage read(File input)
throws IOException
It declares an
IOException to be thrown, which is a
CheckedException. So, when invoking that method, you either need to handle it in a
try-catch block. Or, declare it to be thrown in the method you are using it: -
File f = new File("pic.png");
if (f.exists() && f.canRead()) {
try {
img = ImageIO.read(f);
} catch (IOException e) {
} else { } // Error message.
However, if you are not handling it as in the above case, then you have to declare that method in the
throws clause of the method, so as to propagate it to the
caller, so that it handles it.
Generally, any checked exception should either be handled, or propagated to the caller, which gradually reaches the
main method, in which case, if
main method does not handle it, it is handled by the
JVM, thus resulting in the termination of your program.
Generally, it's a good idea to handle the exception in the method itself where it was thrown, and return the appropriate message to the caller if required.
The use of a try/catch block doesn't defeat the purpose at all.
Even though the file exists and is readable, there are plenty of other Exceptions that can be thrown.
Possible examples:
The method ImageIO.read() throws an IOException.
There is no way to avoid either catching it or throwing it.
We discussed it with him in some detail, and he was saying something along the lines that if I know exactly what is going to happen I should try to handle it without resorting to try/catch fall-back.
If your instructor is telling you that you should test to avoid IO exceptions, then I'm afraid that he is simply wrong.
Most I/O operations are declared as throwing
IOException which is a checked exception. When you call those methods, your code has to either handle or propagate the exception. You have no choice. The Java language mandates this for all checked exceptions.
It is impractical to test for all possible IOExceptions. For instance, this code can fail:
if (f.exists() && f.canRead()) {
os = new FileInputStream(f);
Why? Because there are other reasons that the constructor might throw an IOException, such as a hard disc error, a network error (if the file is on a remote mounted file system), a mandatory access control failure, and so on. The underlying conditions often cannot be detected in any other way than attempting to open the file.
Then there is the problem of race conditions. In the above example, there is a small time window between testing that the file is readable, and trying to open it. In that time window, it is possible that some other thread, or some external process will delete the file or change its access, so that the open will fail. There is no way to close that time window.
Then there is the question of why you would even want to avoid the exception. I suspect that your teacher is an "exception denier"; i.e. one of those people who takes the "exceptions should only be used for exceptional things" advice to an illogical extreme.
The "exceptions should only be used for exceptional things" advice is basically saying that you shouldn't overuse exceptions because they are kind of expensive. But expensive is relative.
In this example, the calls to
File.exists() and to
File.canRead() are also expensive because they each entail a system call, and that is going to take thousands of clock cycles. And worse still, unless there is something unusual about your application those two tests are going to succeed ... so you have just done two unnecessary system calls to avoid an exception that wasn't going to be thrown anyway. Unless there is a high probability (i.e. > 50%) that those tests are going to fail, it is more efficient to skip the test, attempt the open and handle the exception if it occurs.
I would not label my prof as such. We did not talk about intricacies of I/O specifically, it was more in the general terms in vein such that if I can avoid it, I should avoid it. I did not know (and he did not go into that detail) that there are exceptions which are very much unavoidable.
OK. So your Prof didn't say that. Good for him.
And yes, they are unavoidable in more than one sense.
As for rejecting the use of .exists() check, is the performance hit that significant?
Yes. See this - Syscall overhead
Or if you don't believe that, write a micro-benchmark and measure it. And compare it to the overhead of throwing and catching an exception.
Would it be issue of, say, desktop v. mobile and the like?
Nope. Or certainly not for a mobile where the operating system uses virtual memory to stop one "app" from interfering with another.
Is the trade off against clarity for troubleshooting/debugging (if I can pinpoint the problem better while avoiding crashing the programm) worth it?
Well, I would argue that this code:
try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(f)) {
// use file
} catch (IOException ex) {
System.err.println("IO error: ": ex.getMessage());
... is simpler and easier to maintain and debug than this:
if (!f.exists()) {
System.err.println("File " + f + " does not exist");
} else if (!f.isDirectory()) {
System.err.println("File " + f + " is a directory");
} else if (!f.canRead()) {
System.err.println("File " + f + " is not readable");
} ...
} else {
try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(f)) {
// read
} catch (IOException ex) {
System.err.println("IO error: ": ex.getMessage());
Wouldn't you agree?
Similar Questions


text:
This is your resource to discuss support topics with your peers, and learn from each other.
The MAC which is printed on the label under my Bold 9000 battery is different from the MAC displayed on my Status page. I know the MAC on the Status page is what the phone is using on the network. Any idea why there are two MACs? Are all Bolds like that, or just mine?


text: By PSW Staff • August 22, 2012 The new Symetrix Radius 12x8 Symetrix announces the Radius 12×8, a Dante-networkable, fixed I/O, open-architecture digital signal processor that expands the SymNet platform. Radius may be installed as a standalone processor or used in conjunction with SymNet Edge or third-party Dante network-enabled devices to achieve the scalability and flexibility needed to meet the specifications of the simplest to the most complex installations. "The Radius 12×8 is an extremely powerful installed sound DSP making use of one of the industry's most popular input/output form factors – 12×8," says Paul Roberts, CEO of Symetrix. "In response to integrator feedback, the SymNet Radius 12×8 includes ARC-WEB, our simple, yet powerful, browser-based user-control technology, compatible with Apple and Android smartphones and tablets." Audinate Dante delivers a no-hassle, self-configuring, true plug-and-play digital audio network that uses standard Internet Protocols. Lee Ellison, Audinate CEO, remarks, "Symetrix has done their research and is seizing the opportunity with the launch of the Radius 12×8, their second Dante-enabled product to hit the market this year. " Ellison adds, "With the new Radius, customers will be able to easily connect to the many other Dante-enabled products now available which in turn offers a broader networked solution for everyone." Key Features: • Plug-and-play networking enables multiple Radius and Edge units to function as building blocks in a scalable system design, from one DSP to many. • Easy transition to Radius 12×8 with advanced training available online 24/7 and Symetrix technical support staff available for design assistance. • Twelve mic/line inputs, eight line outputs. • Configure with SymNet Composer software with over 600 DSP modules. • Internal gigabit and 10/100 switches eliminate the need for third-party switches in most systems. • Network audio expansion using Dante protocol over standard IT networks. 64 transmit and 64 receive channels. Ultra low latency. • User control: Symetrix ARC wall panels, ARC-WEB web app, SymNet SymVue, third-party touch screens. Symetrix Comments Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Comment Name * Email * Website Tagged with: Networking New Products Processors Symetrix · all topics Subscribe to Live Sound International Live Sound International brings you information on a wide range of pro audio topics. Stay up-to-date, get expert tips, industry news, new products and technologies delivered. Discover how to make smart use of today's sound technology, Subscribe Today!


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Nikon Coolpix S2800 20.1MP Point and Shoot Camera (Silver) with 5x Optical Zoom, Memory Card and Camera Case
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About the manufacturer:
Nikon Corporation, also known as Nikon, is a Japanese multinational corporation set in Japan since 1917. Its headquarters is in Tokyo, Japan and they are involved in making cameras, camera lenses, measurement instruments, microscopes etc that is, in optics and imaging products. Nikon is part of the Nikon Group who manufactures and sells products such as SLR cameras, and other imaging lenses that come under the line called Nikkor. The Coolpix series of compact digital cameras also is a part of Nikkor. The company was known as Japan Optical Industries Co., Ltd. which was later renamed as Nikon Corporation, after its cameras, in 1988. Nikon is one of the companies of the Mitsubishi Group. The important people behind the success of the company are Michio Kariya who acts as the Chairman and Makoto Kimura as the President. It functions worldwide and employees more than 24,000 employees. It is a great company and they bring out innovative and amazing products.
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Features: Nikon Coolpix S2800 20.1MP
20.1 effective megapixels
One-touch HD 720p movie recording
5x zoom with 26 mm capability
Special effects and Quick effects
6.7 cm (2.7-in.), approx. 230k-dot, TFT LCD monitor
|Manufacturer Part Number
|Model Number
|Item Package Quantity
|2 Years Warranty
|Optical Zoom
|Display Size
|2.7 inches
|Internal Memory
|Viewfinder Type
|Image Stabilization
|Max Focal Length
|130 mm
|Min Focal Length
|26 mm
- 5 star (136)
- 4 star (92)
- 3 star (37)
- 2 star (21)
- 1 star (30)


text:
Bradenton's New England Machinery among local companies that makes the equipment to package many products
In New England Machinery's factory here, a pair of complicated conveyor belt systems, each 20 feet long, poke up into the rafters.
They have been meticulously designed to orient pairs of round plastic parts -- which look like five-inch, mini hubcaps -- right side up and at specified distances from each other. When the conveyor is eventually installed at a name-brand aluminum company New England Machinery executives are not allowed to name, the machine will plug the transported discs into the ends of heavy cardboard spools, which will, in turn, be neatly wrapped with thousands of feet of silvery foil. Other equipment set to roll out of the plant will orient detergent containers before they are filled, or spin the screw caps onto pill bottles while simultaneously setting them up for safety-sealing.
Most people give little thought to the packaging that surrounds almost everything consumers buy: Soup in a pouch, a roll of foil or plastic wrap, motor oil in a resealable plastic jug with a built-in handle.
But helping other manufacturers and food processors package their goods is how New England Machinery and a number of other companies in Sarasota and Manatee counties now make a profit.
Regionally, packaging equipment has become a $100-million-a-year specialty that employs roughly 500 people directly.
For those in the business, the clustering is considered both good and bad, said Judith Nickse, president and CEO of New England Machinery.
"Oftentimes, employees who have a specific skill set seek regions where there are other similar companies in that same business. That would be the upside," she said.
"The downside would be there is more competition for certain groups of employees."
At the company's current location, she believes she has enough space to double the square footage under roof by connecting three buildings the company controls. But she needs to start with more workers -- specifically, engineers, sales people, machinists and technicians.
"There is nothing else to stop us from continuing to grow."
New England Machinery arrived in Southwest Florida in 1989, when founder Geza E. Bankuty moved the 38-year-old company here from New Haven, Conn. Nickse, who is Bankuty's daughter, shares management of the business with her brother, vice president Geza F. Bankuty.
In all, the company now employs about 50 people in a trio of buildings in east Bradenton.
New England Machinery is hardly the only major packager in Southwest Florida, or the oldest. The sector really traces its roots to 1977, when an Illinois company named Klockner-Bartelt Inc. relocated here.
KHS, as it is now known, is credited with popularizing the lines of machines that orient containers, fill them with the right amount of product, seal them or cap them, label them and send them out the other end as ready-to-ship goods.
Klockner-Bartelt also gets the credit for expanding the sector's scope, to more specialized gear designed to fill pouches.
But perhaps most importantly, Klockner-Bartelt was responsible for producing a number of spin-off firms, run today by company alumni. R. Charles Murray, chief executive of PPI Technologies of Sarasota, is one of them. Another is Jon Ford, co-owner of MDC Engineering, another packaging equipment company based here.
"If you look at all the pouch companies here, every one of those guys started as the plant manger or sales manager or some executive at Klockner-Bartelt," said Ford, whose company builds packaging equipment for medical devices and consumer products.
Similarly, the companies that make cappers and conveyors sprouted from New England, Ford said. PPI specializes in equipment that fills pouches, and it even does some pouch-filling itself through a separate but related company.
"If you add up the dozen or so companies, I would say they easily directly employ 500 people," Murray said. "Highly skilled people. Highly paid people."
PPI and KHS alone generate annual sales of $55 million to $60 million, Murray said.
KHS officials did not return a telephone call requesting an interview.
The firms are ensuring the region's involvement with packaging continues for years to come.
At MDC, for example, the company has developed a packing line for Bayer diabetes test equipment and another for Schick disposable razors.
Ford said he just shipped a machine to Chicago that Chiquita Brands' Fresh Express will use to package tomatoes for shipment to McDonald's and Taco Bell restaurants.
Before any of these packaging systems go out the door, they need to be tested with the exact product the manufacturer plans to run through them. That is what Inline Filling Systems, of Venice, specializes in. It makes conveyors, orienters and cappers just like the others do, but it has a unique specialty as well -- machines that pour liquids into containers as they move along the assembly line.
New England Machinery tried making a few filling machines a few years back, but swore off the business.
"It still can be messy," Inline general manager Joe Schemenauer said. "You learn. We've been doing this a long time. It is about knowing which machines and components best fit the product the customer needs to run."
One machine Inline makes has non-metallic parts, so that it can be used to bottle muriatic acid for swimming pools. Others are made to be explosion-proof so they can safely handle volatile liquids, like solvents.
"We make some very unique machines," Schemenauer said.
For the machinists, welders, engineers and others who get involved in designing and building the equipment, staying employed is not a problem.
"They can stick around in the industry for quite some time," Schemenauer said. "We have a lot of employees who have been here over 10 years. It's stable."


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text:
"the bell tower" Perth Tourist Trap Tip by soulchic
Perth Tourist Traps: 25 reviews and 9 photos
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Fun Alternatives: instead go to the city ones you cant go inside it but they sound pretty good and they ring on the hour
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In my view, preparing students for the mundane aspects of work should be secondary to providing a broader education that equips students with historical and cultural perspective, as well as thoughtful and principled personal value systems and priorities.
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|14 Mar 2014 (Fri) (ONE day only)
|i.t Labels
Enjoy 20% off regular-priced items on 14 March 2014 at i.t Labels Singapore
UOB Lady's Cardmembers will also get to enjoy an exclusive additional 5% off. What's more, receive a S$20 i.t voucher when you make a minimum S$120 nett spend from 15 March to 31 March 2014.
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Sales on 14 Mar 2014
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Campgrounds in Golden Isles, Georgia
The Golden Isles of Georgia traditionally consist of St. Simons Island, Jekyll Island, Sapelo Island and Cumberland Island. While these coastal islands are quite beautiful, the hotel prices in the area can be extremely high. A solid alternative for the budget-conscious traveler is to stay at a local campground in the area.
Golden Isles RV Park
Located in Brunswick on the Georgia mainland, 7 miles from the Atlantic Ocean, the Golden Isles RV Park gives campers a great location to park their RV for the duration of their vacation. There are 160 campsites located on approximately 14 acres of land. There is also an on-site restaurant that serves three meals a day. Golden Isles RV Park 7445 Blythe Island Highway Brunswick, GA 31523 912-261-1025 goldenislesrvpark.com
Jekyll Island Campground
Tents and recreational vehicles are all welcome under the magnificent oak trees on the northern end of Jekyll Island. The campground is located across from the Clam Creek Picnic Area and within walking distance of Driftwood Beach and the fishing pier. Additional features include a general store, free WiFi and bike rentals. The campground features 206 campsites on 18 wooded acres. Jekyll Island Campground 1197 Riverview Drive Jekyll Island, GA 31527 866-658-3021 jekyllisland.com
Sapelo Island Pioneer Camping
Located on primitive Sapelo Island, pioneer camping offers a true getaway for the island visitor. Sapelo Island is a 20-minute ferry ride from Darien, Georgia. Visitors to this island are treated to the local culture, kept alive by a small number of residents on this island. Ferry rides are scheduled twice each day, and reservations are required. Sapelo Island Pioneer Camping Sapelo Island Visitor Center 1766 Landing Road Sapelo Island, GA 31327 800-864-7275 gastateparks.org
Photo Credits
- Georgia state contour with Capital City against blurred USA flag image by Stasys Eidiejus from Fotolia.com


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Career Center
MTA Metro-North Railroad is a dynamic organization, operating out of the jewel of New York City, Grand Central Terminal. We provide service to over 82 million customers annually, traveling in and out of New York and Connecticut. A subsidiary of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Metro-North Railroad is the busiest commuter railroad in the nation. MTA Metro-North Railroad strives to provide a safe commute, great service to its customers and rewarding opportunities to its employees.
To coordinate and manage engineering and design of large and complex facilities projects with an emphasis on design and construction of Traction Power, Electrical infrastructure systems and facilities Ensure compliance with applicable codes and standards, strategic business plan objectives and schedules.
This is a safety sensitive position and subject to toxicological testing.
To be selected for a position, an applicant must:
(1) meet the minimum requirements in the job posting,
(2) pass a written examination (if applicable),
(3) satisfy a background investigation (which includes credit, if applicable), and
(4) pass an oral interview, during which the interviewers will further evaluate the applicant's qualifications for the position.
Because the selection process is competitive, not all qualified applicants are granted an interview. Metro-North may also require the applicant to undergo a physical ability test, and, if the Company extends a conditional offer, may require him or her to undergo a medical examination, which may include toxicological testing.
For applicants who are current employees, you must be in active service and have worked in your present position for at least one (1) year to be eligible to apply for a posted position, and have completed the agreed upon formal training commitment, plus on-the-job training, if applicable (for example: Signal Trainee, Foreman-In-Training, etc.) in order to be eligible to transfer. If you are transferred, you may be required to forfeit your seniority in your present occupation. In addition, Metro-North employees are subjected to an internal investigation, which includes an evaluation of their safety and discipline records and their performance assessments.
As an employee of Metro-North Railroad you may be required to complete a New York State financial disclosure statement, if you earn more than $91,821.00 or if you hold a position designated as a policy maker.
We offer a competitive salary and a comprehensive benefits package.
If interested, please visit and Search for Senior Engineer - Power, Capital Programs Engineering and Design under Metro-North Railroad.
MTA Metro-North Railroad is an Equal Opportunity Employer


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***Special Announcement***
Public Tours taking place on the following dates will be hosted in Spanish:
Wednesday, March 1st
More Information Here
For visits to the museum during regular hours, our suggested donation is $5 per person. Admission for UIC faculty, staff, and students is free of charge.
Tuesday - Friday 10 am to 4 pm Sunday noon to 4 pm
Closed Mondays and Saturdays
The Museum will be closed on the following days:
Easter – Sunday, March 27, 2016
Memorial Day Weekend – Sunday, May 29 – Monday, May 30, 2016
Independence Day Weekend – Sunday, July 3, 2016
Labor Day Weekend – Sunday, September 4 – Monday September 5, 2016
Thanksgiving 2016 – Thursday, November 24 through Monday, November 28, 2016
Winter Break 2016 – Monday, December 19, 2016 through Monday, January 2, 2017
Martin Luther King Jr. Day - Monday, January 16, 2017
Public Tours
Public tours are led by museum educators and last one hour every Wednesday and Sunday at 1:00pm. Meet in the entryway of the Hull home. No reservations necessary; donations to the museum are encouraged. Groups of 10 or more should call to schedule a group tour.
Please note that public tours can only accommodate a maximum of 25 visitors and the latest admittance time is 1:15pm.


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Part time gamer, Love gaming in my spare time. Fav game = CS:GO
Add me on steam: Joshdow.
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- Photos
- Map/Street View
- Things Nearby
A newly gut renovated 2 bedroom in Murray Hill. Everything inside the apartment has been replaced. The bathroom have all new fixtures and rose beige colored marble. The kitchen features all new appliances with stainless steel and light oak cabinets. Excellent exposure and light. Some units have in-unit washer/dryers. A → Read More
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Nexus Archives
Volume 1
By (author) Mike Baron
By (artist) Steve Rude
Format: Hardback
Checking availability...
Nexus Archives by Mike Baron
Book DescriptionOn the distant moon of Ylum, an enigmatic man is plagued by nightmares. He is forced to dream of the past. He dreams of real-life butchers and tyrants, and what they have done. And then he finds them, and kills them. The year is 2841, and this man is Nexus, a godlike figure who acts as judge, jury, and executioner for the vile criminals who appear in his dreams. He claims to kill in self-defense, but why? Where do the visions come from, and where did he get his powers? Though a hero to many, does he have any real moral code? These are but some of the questions that reporter Sundra Peale hopes to have answered.
Buy Nexus Archives book by Mike Baron from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9781593073985
(1mm x 1mm x 21mm)
Pages: 216
Imprint: Dark Horse Comics,U.S.
Publisher: Dark Horse Comics,U.S.
Publish Date: 14-Dec-2005
Country of Publication: United States
Other Editions...
Books By Author Mike Baron
Nexus Omnibus Volume 7, Paperback (July 2016)» View all books by Mike Baron
v. 7. inks, Gary Martin; coloring, Noelle Giddings; lettering, Willie Schubert
» Have you read this book? We'd like to know what you think about it - write a review about Nexus Archives book by Mike Baron and you'll earn 50c in Boomerang Bucks loyalty dollars (you must be a member - it's free to sign up!)
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(16) Additional Images.
Click Photo Above.
Mortgage Calculator
Additional Information
Market Trends for
Holmes Beach/Bradenton Beach
- Last Updated: 2/19/17
- Market Snapshot
- Total Properties listed: 43
- Average list Price: $858,672.09
- Median list Price: $699,000.00
- Typical Property
- Residential
- 2.4 Bedrooms
- 2.0 Baths
- 1626.23 Square Feet
- $528.01 / Sq. Ft.
- Status: Sold
- Address: 1603 GULF DRIVE N #30
- City / Zip:BRADENTON BCH, Florida 34217
- Area:Holmes Beach/Bradenton Beach
- County:Manatee
- Neighborhood:TRADEWINDS CONDO
- Bedrooms:1
- Bathrooms:1
- 1/2 Bathrooms:0
- Sq Ft:380
- Acres:0.01
- Year Built:1971
- Zoning:R3
- Date Listed:05/13/2015
- Property Type: Residential
- This listing is provided courtesy by ISLAND REAL ESTATE-ANNA MARIA.
Agent's Comments
Tradewinds Beach Resort is located on quaint Anna Maria Island in the Gulf of Mexico off Southwest Florida's fabled Sun Coast. This charming resort has pastel cottages covered with tangles of jasmine and bougainvillea. The romantic cottages line both sides of a private street that ends at a large heated pool set among palm trees, and a fishing pier that juts into Sarasota Bay. A private white-sand beach is located just across the street, beside that glorious turquoise water you're coming for - & sunset views that promise to break your heart with their beauty. Also, numerous charcoal BBQ grills are set beside arbors shaded with flowering vines, with picnic tables beneath for al fresco dining. Tradewinds Beach Resort is pet friendly! This turnkey furnishedcottage is stylishly decorated with tropical furnishings and soft colors & has a full kitchen, bedroom & bath with tub/shower, a queen sleeper sofa in the living room & a private front porch. Refrigerator, television, queen bed and couch were replaced within the last year. Flexible nightly,weekly & long term rental policy is maximized with professional-site management. Repeat & referral guests provide proven positive cash flow—above all operating costs.
Property Amenities
Interior Features
- Blinds/Shades
- Ceiling Fan(S)
- Furnished
- Smoke Alarm(S)
Exterior Features
- Gutters / Downspouts
- Mature Landscaping
- Outdoor Grill
- Outdoor Lights
- Outdoor Shower
- Irrigation System
- Patio/Porch/Deck Open
- Trees/Landscaped
- 4
Utilities to Site
- BB/HS Internet Avail
- Cable Connected
- City Water
- Electric
- Public Municipal Water
- Public Sewer
- Public Utilities
- Ceramic Tile
- Hot Water Electric
- Microwave
- Oven
- Refrigerator
Cooling / Heating
- Wall Units/Window
- Shingle
Waterfront / View
- Bay/Harbor,Beach - Access Deeded,Intracoastal Waterway
Listings provided courtesy of Mid Florida MLS.
Information Deemed Reliable But Not Guaranteed
Copyright © 2017 Mid Florida MLS - All Rights Reserved


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You can remove the money from a Carousel gumball machine in just a few seconds. Carousel gumball machines can be set to dispense candy using a variety of coins or even for free. Over time, the coin tray in the base of the machine fills with deposits and must be emptied. To access the tray, the gumball machine must be opened and partially disassembled. Retrieve the coins from a gumball machine so you have the money to buy candy refills.
Things You'll Need
- Key or standard screwdriver
Remove the screw at the very top of the machine. Machines in public locations often have screws that are secured with a key. Put the screw in your pocket so it is easily found for reassembly.
Hold the red metal body of the machine with both hands. Slowly raise the body straight up off the baseplate while keeping all the other parts intact. Lift the machine until it is clear of the post and set it aside.
Lift out the white plastic tray holding the coins. Coins may fall to the floor if the body of the machine is not lifted up until the tray is overfilled. Dump the quarters and replace the C-shaped tray so it encircles the post and rests in the base plate.
Slide the Carousel gumball machine back down onto the metal post until it pokes up through the cap. Reinsert the screw and tighten it with the key or screwdriver.
Tips & Warnings
- The Carousel gumball machine does not need to have the candy removed to access the coins.
- Replace locking-cap screws if the threads get worn. The machine can simply be pulled apart if the top screw does not hold.
Related Searches
- Photo Credit bubble gum image by Tomasz Plawski from Fotolia.com
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Last night, White Collar really brought it. Throughout the entire episode of "Company Man" I was completely engaged and pretty much sitting at the edge of my seat!
It was a rarity to find Peter at the end of his rope - and having Neal come to his rescue. Did anyone predict that Jessica poisoned the brandy? It didn't even cross my mind until Neal was running to save Peter's life.
I do have to admit, it was pretty lame the way it went down: Wesley said there was no antidote, yet when the paramedics arrived they were able to resuscitate them both quite easily.
One of the biggest breakthroughs we have been waiting to see all season long happened in the last thirty seconds of the show. Peter admitted and showed Neal that he still had the music box. Neal showed Peter the key. Of course, they have to leave us hanging since next week is the season finale. What in the world do you think is inside it?! One thing is for certain: I can't wait for next Tuesday night!
To Read More Click Here.


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Women in Tech Festival 2017 (2-day event)
Silicon Valley Forum
Friday, March 24, 2017 at 2:00 PM - Saturday, March 25, 2017 at 4:30 PM (PDT)
When we invest in women, we invest in our future.
Join us for TWO amazing days to inspire, empower, and support women in tech! Silicon Valley Forum's Women in Tech Festival celebrates women in tech, STEM, and business careers who work to inspire, engage, and empower other women. Since the inaugural event in 2015, the Women in Tech Festival has encouraged women - and men who support the advancement of women - to join together for a day of inspiring talks, insights on how technology is powering change, and educational workshops. We aim to create a platform for you to create lasting connections, and exchange ideas in a welcoming, supportive and fun environment.
We can't wait to kick off our third year - two amazing days next March to immerse fully in a fun, supportive environment! The Festival begins with a pitch day for female-founded companies on Friday, March 24th; the following day is an all-day action-packed event, filled with panels, keynotes, workshop sessions, and tons of amazing networking.
Hope to see you there!
#SVFWIT17 #SVFWomenTechFest #SVFestival17
Agenda - click to enlarge
Pitching Companies (so far!)
Demo Tables
Festival Partners
At Silicon Valley Forum, we believe in the transformative power of entrepreneurship. We've dedicated the last 33 years to helping people learn how to build a business the Silicon Valley way, with a focus on creativity and innovation, using technology to bring society towards a better future. Whether you're trying to create a company here or build your own Silicon Valley at home, our events and our online portal light the way for you to learn and grow as a 21st century entrepreneur.
We have a long history of creating successful events, programs and conferences that educate, train, inspire and connect technologists, entrepreneurs, corporates, investors, innovation and startup hubs, and students—in Silicon Valley, throughout the U.S., and globally. We organize about 100 different activities per year, have over 15,000 subscribers/users, and work with over 40 countries worldwide.
Our partners include global leaders like Accenture, IBM, Microsoft, and Qualcomm, just to name a few; as well as leading venture capital firms and service providers. Silicon Valley Forum is a fully independent 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization.
For more information, visit our website at http://www.siliconvalleyforum.com/.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Vintage Turkish hand woven kilim runner in various citrus colors including abrash, pale yellow, orange, celery, moss, cloud, and chocolate brown. The hand woven quality and nature of natural fibers to evolve over time create movement and add to the ecclectic modernity of the rug's design. Minor wear consistent with age and use. Measures, 5'5" x 16'6". Peroid, c. 1940's.
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