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Product Description
X99 Taichi
"Taichi" represents the philosophical state of undifferentiated absolute and infinite potential. It's ASRock's biggest offering in the easy-to-use, rock-solidly stable line of motherboards that fulfills every task – with style! Specially designed for the all-round PC user who wants a motherboard packed with premium features.
Armor Your VR Machine
Prepare yourself well to enjoy the impressive world of Virtual Reality. Before that, you have to make sure everything is qualified, including hardware, software and drivers. Motherboard is the key to connect every critical components and ASRock's VR Ready motherboards are definitely the one you're looking for. The premium qualify is assured by rigorous testing during development. The sturdy components and rock-slid performance makes you completely immersive in the VR scenario. Users can be assured to experience VR enjoyments without any compatibility problems.
Bitspower Water Block (Optional)
Specially designed for ASRock X99 Taichi motherboard, Bitspower water block is a high performance water cooling solution that also includes RGB LED lighting, thus players can select the color and lighting effect they like. The kit is able to cool Intel® LGA 2011-v3 socket CPU and power regulation (VRM / MOSFETs) module. Unlike the high-end CPU tower cooler's fans always run at a very high RPM with annoying noise. Users are allowed to choose a quieter fan for their water cooling solution.
*Water block not included in motherboard package. For purchase information, please contact Bitspower.
12 Power Phase Design
Designed with a 12 Power Phase design, this motherboard features sturdy components and completely smooth power delivery to the CPU. Plus, it offers unmatched overclocking capabilities and enhanced performance with the lowest temperature for advanced gamers as well.
8 Layer PCB (4 x 2oz Copper) & DDR4 3300+(OC)
The 8 Layer PCB comes with 4 sets of 2 ounce copper inner layers, providing stable signal traces and power shapes and delivering lower temperature and higher energy efficiency for overclocking! Thus, it's able to support the latest DDR4 memory modules with most extreme memory performance!
3 PCI-E Steel Slots
Adopts three PCIe Steel Slots, which are built with more solder points on the PCB for better performance and preventing any signal interference with graphics cards. Allows your graphics cards with enhanced signals and to be well-installed in the PCIe slots.
Dual Ultra M.2
The PCIe Gen3 x4 Ultra M.2 interface pushes data transfer speeds up to 32Gb/s. In addition, it also supports SATA3 6Gb/s M.2 modules, and is compatible with ASRock's U.2 Kit for installing some of the world's fastest U.2 PCIe Gen3 x4 SSDs.
Dual Band 802.11ac WiFi
No one has time for weak WiFi signals and sluggish internet! That's why this motherboard comes with a 802.11ac WiFi (2.4G / 5G WiFi) module which supports wireless networks and Bluetooth v4.0.
Dual Intel® LAN
Users are able to connect two LAN cables to this motherboard's rear I/O. Dual LAN with Teaming function enabled on this motherboard allows two single connections to act as one single connection for twice the transmission bandwidth, making data transmission more effective.
* Teaming is not supported with Windows® 10.
Dual USB 3.1 (Type-A + Type-C)
This motherboard has a pair of onboard Type-A and Type-C USB 3.1 ports built on the rear i/o for supporting next generation USB 3.1 devices and to deliver up to 10 Gbps data transfer rates.
Water Pump Header
This is not only a standard CPU fan header, but also supports water pumps! This header provides a maximum of 1.5A power for supporting the most popular water pumps. User also can adjust the voltage of water pump to get higher cooling performance with lower noise.
SLI HB Bridge Free Bundled
The free bundled ASRock's new SLI HB Bridge is compatible with the NVIDIA® GeForce GTX 1080 and 1070 graphics cards that doubles the available transfer bandwidth, thus delivering rock stable gameplay and experiencing surround gaming in the best way.
XXL Aluminum Alloy Heatsink
Extra large aluminum alloy heat sinks that effectively take away heat from the MOSFET and chipset so that your whole system may perform more stable.
I/O Armor
A new designed protective cover for all of the crucial parts near the motherboard's rear I/O, so that they won't easily be damaged by static electricity.
Premium 60A Power Choke
Compared to traditional chokes, ASRock's premium 60A power chokes effectively make the saturation current up to three times better, thus providing enhanced and improved Vcore voltage to the motherboard.
Nichicon 12K Platinum Caps
A combination of 820uF and 100uF capacitors. Together these capacitors provide clearer, efficient and more responsive CPU Vcore power, and overclockers may achieve higher scores.
Ultra Dual-N MOSFET (UDM)
Combining two silicon dies into one MOSFET, Ultra Dual-N MOSFET provides larger die area and lower Rds(on), so the power supply for the CPU Vcore is more efficient.
Sapphire Black PCB
Pure black PCB appearance. The new Sapphire Black PCB represents rock-solid quality and gives the motherboard a more mysterious touch.
High Density Glass Fabric PCB
High Density Glass Fabric PCB design that reduces the gaps between the PCB layers to protect the motherboard against electrical shorts caused by humidity.
Last Updated @ 10/19/2016 6:24:11 PM
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APRS in Wisconsin The Automated Packet Reporting System by: Michael Martens, KB9VBR and Mark Rasmussen, N9MEA
Overview Introduction Protocol and Implementation Software Hardware Network
APRS is: A one-to-many, unconnected packet protocol. A tactical protocol designed for local RF use. A protocol with many reporting capabilities. A protocol with SMS capabilities. A protocol also adapted to the Internet. A protocol with extensive flexibility built-in. A protocol still under development.
Introduction APRS, the Automated Packet Reporting System, is an open system that uses unconnected AX.25 radio packets to transmit and collect data. This data is usually overlaid on a map
Uses of APRS Using GPS data to track vehicle location Sending short, tactical bulletins and messages between stations Transmitting data collected by a weather station
The APRS Network Home stations Mobile and Portable GPS enabled stations (trackers) Digipeaters (Wide-area and Fill-in) Internet I-Gates Automatic Weather Stations
What is needed to begin Computer with APRS software installed Terminal Node Controller (TNC) VHF transceiver and antenna GPS required for mobile stations only
APRS Data Flow
APRS Frequencies VHF MHz HF MHz LSB Experimental work is being done on other frequencies.
APRS Raw Packet KB9DED>APW251,W9SM-10*,WIDE4-4,qAo, N9SDL:= N/ W- WinAPRS WIMARWAUSAU Originator Path Location Status Application
APRS Paths WIDEn-N (ex, WIDE3-3) WIn-N (ex WI2-2, keeps packets within the state of Wisconsin) Named Path (KC9NW-10, KB9VBR) Relay and Trace (Obsolete, Do Not Use)
WIDE and WIDEn-N Digipeaters acknowledge WIDE paths Home stations should not set myalias to Wide WIDEn-N is not the same as WIDE (WIDE3-3 is not the same as WIDE,WIDE,WIDE)
Named Paths Most efficient form of message propagation Only the station with the matching Alias will digipeat the message AB9PJ-4, N9QIP-10, K9ABC-1
WIn-N Keeps APRS Packets within a geographic location, in this case Wisconsin Reduces APRS overload as packets won't propagate beyond their geographic confines Great for public service event stations (eg walks, parades, races, etc)
Best Path to Use: In the Wausau area: W9SM-1, WIDE2-2 If you are mobile: WIDE1-1, WIDE2-2 If you don't want your packets to leave the state WI2-2
How APRS Packets Propagate
APRS Real Time Propagation
SSID Special Station Identifier (SSID) allows multiple stations with the same callsign to coexist on the network. Home stations have no SSID Digipeaters may use the ID -1 (W9SM-1) Mobile Stations may use the ID -9 (KB9VBR-9) Kenwood APRS radios may use -7 (WA9NBC-7)
SSID Suggestions No SSID - Home Station, Home Station running I-Gate. -1 Digipeater, Home Station running a Wide1-1 Digi, WX Digipeater -2 Digipeater [#2 or] on 70CM -3 Digipeater [#3] -4 HF to VHF Gateway -5 I-Gate (Not home station) -6 is for Operations via Satellite -7 Kenwood D7 HH -8 is for boats, sailboats and ships (maybe in the future) -9 is for Mobiles -10 is for operation via the internet only -11 is for APRS touch-tone users (and the occasional Balloons) -12 Portable Units such as Laptops, Camp Sites etc. -14 is for Truckers -15 is for HF
APRS Software WinAPRS/MacAPRS UI-View APRSDOS APRSpoint Other platforms include: Palm, Linux, Java
WinAPRS/MacAPRS Very easy to use Uses USGS Tiger maps and integrates with Precision Maps from Undertow Software Also uses old style APRSDOS vector maps.
UI-View Lots of features, more complex interface Handles plug-ins. Vibrant developer network Uses raster maps. Integrates with Precision maps. Plug-ins for Street Atlas, Mapblast, and Tiger Maps
APRSDos web.usna.navy.mil/~bruninga/aprs.html The original APRS application. Development going back to 1992 Very rudimentary maps Has satellite tracking features, network utilization analysis, and direction finding support
APRSpoint Easy to use, familiar Microsoft style interface Integrates with Microsoft Streets and Trips exclusively
APRS Software All APRS software applications are shareware and require a registration fee for continued use. Registration fees range in cost from charity donation to around $100. Some applications may also require you to purchase a map package.
APRS Hardware VHF Transceiver Terminal Node Controller (TNC) GPS for mobile operation
VHF Transceiver Any 2 meter radio will work as long as it will work on csq. You will need to make a cable to connect mic audio, RX audio, and PTT to the TNC.
APRS Enabled Radios Some radios have built in TNCs for direct connection to a computer or APRS interaction right on the display. Alinco DR-135 Kenwood TH-D7A Kenwood D-700A
TNC The TNC, also known as a radio modem converts the digital information from the computer and/or GPS into audio tones. The APRS network runs at 1200 baud The TNC communicates with the computer via the serial port.
TNC The most common TNC is the Kantronics KPC-3+ TNCs can be purchased used on EBay for about $ Kantronics TNCs will be higher in price. Older TNCs work great for home stations, ex: AEA PK-12, MFJ 1270 series, KPC-3 Tiny Trak 3 and 4 - Open Tracker 1+ and 2
Kantronics KPC-3+ About $230 retail Has a dual port that allows simultaneous computer and GPS connection Great TNC choice for running an APRS computer in a vehicle Kantronics KPC-3+
Tiny Trak 4 and Open Tracker 2 About $65-$100 retail Has a dual port that allows simultaneous computer and GPS connection Cheaper than a regular TNC but has limitations Tiny Trak 4Open Tracker 2
Tiny Trak 3 and Open Tracker 1+ About $32 or $33 (kit) - $42 or $46 (built) retail Has a single port that only allows connection to a GPS Cheaper than a regular TNC but it only transmits data Tiny Trak 3Open Tracker 1+
Global Positioning System (GPS) A GPS unit is required for real time mobile tracking GPSs come in many different forms Any GPS with NMEA output will work with APRS Garmin Streetpilot Garmin Etrex Legend
Home Station Equipment Watching on RF –Radio –TNC –Computer Watching on the Internet –Computer
Tracker Station Equipment There are two ways to send out your position when mobile. Dedicated APRS system Mic-E system
Dedicated Tracker Station Equipment With computer –Radio –TNC (High end unit) –Computer –GPS Without computer –Radio –TNC (simple unit) –GPS
Dedicated Equipment Pros and Cons Pros –Can watch other units on map and send messages –Position is sent out at predetermined intervals –Separate radio system in the car in case your 2M voice radio dies –Separate radio infrastructure in case your repeater goes down –Could also be used as Winlink or Packet station Cons –Another radio in the car –More 2M RF to interfere with your local repeater traffic –Higher cost because of more equipment
Mic-E Station Equipment GPS Cheaper Encode only TNC Uses your normal voice radio, no extra radio
Mic-E Pros and Cons Pros –Don't have to install another radio in the car –Cheaper than the dedicated equipment way –Can use the cheaper encode only TNC Cons –Can not track other units on a map –Can not send messages to other units –Position only goes out when you talk on the radio –Position on map could be very old because you didn't talk on the radio –More expensive for the repeater owners –Won't work on all repeater systems –No back-up radio if your voice radio fails –If the repeater fails, no one sees your position
Putting it all together Mobile tracking unit with integrated computer. Computer running WinAPRS Transceiver tuned to csq KPC-3+ TNC GPS
Putting it all together Portable tracker box GPSAntenna Tracker Radio
Putting it all together Bike Mobile APRS GPSAntenna Who could this be? Radio/Tracker
Putting it all together APRS Home Station - notice no GPS RadioTNC Computer
Digipeaters Digipeaters extend the coverage of the portable and mobile units much like a repeater but operating on a simplex frequency. They are usually located at a high location on a tower but can also be located at someone's home to help fill in a certain area.
Digipeaters in the NE District
Estimated APRS Coverage to a Mobile
APRS Network I-Gates are internet gateways that expand the reach of APRS worldwide. An I-Gate listens to the local RF channel and relays the information into an APRS Internet data stream. I-Gates also relay information from the Internet data stream to a local RF station
Benefits of I-Gates Reduces RF network congestion Increases the trackability of mobile stations Allows RF access of weather service bulletins and alerts Can set up an APRS station without a radio and TNC Any APRS station can be queried at (map.findu.com/kb9vbr)
Weather Service Messages The National Weather EMWIN data stream is injected into the APRS data stream. Alerts and messages can be color coded on the APRS maps.
APRS and the Internet UI-View radar plug-in superimposes NWS radar data onto the APRS screen. WinAPRS has a similar feature.
Weather Stations You can also send out your local weather information if you have the right equipment. 2M radio on TNC Weather Station Possibly a computer
Weather Information
APRS Satellites PCSAT2 is the second generation APRS satellite PCSAT1, launched in 2001, is no longer fully operational PCSAT2 launched August of 2005 has returned to earth with STS-115 in 2006 The ISS is capable of digipeating APRS when the radio is not used for other activities.
APRS Books APRS, Moving hams on Radio and the Internet A good basic introduction to the mode OUT OF PRINT ISBN
APRS Books VHF Digital Handbook Covers APRS, Packet, D-STAR, and more 2008 printing, $19.95 ISBN
For Additional Information Wisconsin APRS discussion group: groups.yahoo.com/group/wisconsinaprs web site: KB9VBR APRS page: Michael Martens: Mark Rasmussen:
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embroidery noun (SEWING)
› [ C or U ] patterns or pictures that consist of stitches sewn directly onto cloth:
Let me show you Pat's embroideries.
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
embroidery noun (STORY)
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
(Definition of "embroidery" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
(Definition of "embroidery" from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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Word of the Day
a thin, flat, round cake made from a mixture of flour, milk, and egg, fried on both sides


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In the last episode of Yeh Hai Mohabbatein, we have seen that Shagun revealed her true self and has challenged Ishita (Divyanka Tripathi) for Pihu's custody. She has also manipulated Pihu who ran away from Bhalla house in order to stay with Shagun and Mani.
Now, in the upcoming episodes of Yeh Hai Mohababtein, it will be seen that Ishita gets Pihu from Shagun's home.
Pihu gets angry that Ishita separated her from Shagun and is afraid that Ishita will separate her from Raman as well.
Later, Pihu hurt Ishita by hitting photo frame at Ishita's forehead. Ishita gets sorrowful. Shagun has filled poison in Pihu's mind.
Pihu tells Raman that Ishita has come to separate Shagun, Raman and her. She insults Ishita and also curses her. Ishita breaks down hearing such bitter words from her daughter.
Raman gets angry and slaps Pihu. He makes Pihu leave from the room.
Ishita tells Raman that Pihu does not regard her as mother. Raman consoles her and tells her that they all love her.
Adi comes with medicines and takes care of Ishita. Raman worries seeing Ishita upset.
Raman acts to be in tooth ache and Ishita turns house dentist for him. She gives medicinal tips to Raman. Raman tells her that he is not kid to brush twice. They hug and spend some sweet moments. Raman acts just to make Ishita smile.


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Sum of the Parts 20-1 Sum of the Parts
has done well this year, with four wins and a second in his five starts of 2012. Trouble is, only one of those starts was in
graded company. That start was a win against
older horses in the G3 Phoenix at Keeneland last month, and his last work there
on the poly, 4 furlongs in 47.60, was the fifth fastest of 45 at the
distance. Look for him to go to the lead
as he has in all five previous starts this year.
Jimmy Creed 6-1 Another 3-year-old facing his elders, Jimmy
Creed was unraced as a two year old and has been improving rapidly since his
first start in the end of May. He's
never finished out of the money and was second in the El Cajon at Del Mar
before finishing third to Coil and Capital Account last month in the Santa
Anita Sprint Championship, ahead of Amazombie.
Gantry 10-1 Gantry won the Smile Sprint
easily in July and looked invincible going into the Temperence Hill Stakes at Louisiana
Downs. He lost though, and his
connections were so disappointed they considered backing out of the plan to run
in the BC Sprint. He has won 5 of his
last 7, though, and if he can return to form he could be a factor on Saturday.
Coil 5-1 Coil, the 2011 Haskell winner,
has proven his versatility this year. He
won his first race off a layoff this summer before finishing second in the Pat
O'Brien, and the plan all along was to aim for the BC Dirt Mile. However, after winning the Santa Anita Sprint
Championship last month, a Win and You're In race for the Sprint, his connections
opted for the shorter race. With his
recent win at the BC Sprint distance at Santa Anita, Coil shouldn't be ignored
Justin Phillip 20-1 Justin Phillip is
also coming off a disappointing performance in his most recent race, a 6th
place finish in the G1 Vosburgh, a race won by Sprint entrant The Lumber
Guy. He finished in the money in his
three races prior to that but he hasn't won since May.
Fast Bullet 6-1 The appropriately named Fast Bullet is undefeated in 2 starts
but unraced since October 2011. He's a
wildcard, but trainer Bob Baffert has been liking the way he's training, and
"there's no telling how quick he might run" on Saturday.
The Lumber Guy 6-1 Another horse who
might be best suited to middle distances, The Lumber Guy won the G2 Jerome in
April and then won the Vosburgh at Belmont last month off a layoff. He gained experience against older horses in
the Vosburgh, and the flashy grey worked 4 furlongs last weekend in 47.78, the
fastest of 79 at the distance for trainer Mike Hushion.
Capital Account 8-1 Capital Account, the
third and final Baffert-trained entry, is a late developing colt that didn't
start until June of his 3 year old year, and he first jumped into stakes
company this July in the Bing Crosby as a 5 year old, finishing 3rd
to Amazombie. He then defeated
stablemate Coil in the Pat O'Brien before the tables were turned last out in
the Sprint Championship.
Trinniberg 15-1 A leading 3 year old sprinter for the first half of the season,
Trinniberg is winless since the June 9 Woody Stephens. His most recent effort was a game 2nd
to Well Spelled in the Gallant Bloom but he has yet to face his elders. He'll race with blinkers Saturday.
Smiling Tiger 12-1 Smiling Tiger hasn't
won since July 2011, and hasn't run since June 2012. His most recent effort was a 5th
place finish in the Triple Bend, a race that he won in 2011. He has finished in the money in 7 of his 8 races
at the 6 furlong distance, but appears to be out of his top form.
Amazombie 4-1 Amazombie, last year's
Breeders' Cup Sprint winner and Eclipse Champion Sprinter, is coming into this
race off an uncharacteristic 4th in the Sprint Championship here at
Santa Anita last month. He has more
recently been training just as he did last year, and his connections remain
confident. He is my to pick.
Hamazing Destiny 12-1 This 6 year old
will be making his 30th career start and third consecutive BC Sprint
start on Saturday. In 2010 he finished 2nd. He's durable but not very consistent, though
he did work lights out on October 22nd at Churchill.
Poseidon's Warrior 15-1 Poseidon's
Warrior won the Vanderbilt this year but was third to The Lumber Guy in the
Vosburgh. 13 of his 18 starts have been
at the 6 furlong distance, with 6 of those being wins and a pair each of
seconds and thirds. He may be rounding
back into form after a couple of poor performances off a layoff earlier this
14- Boxer des Rues 30-1 Boxer des Rues looks to be the longest shot in the field. In 9 starts this year, he was second in a mile race in January and hasn't been better than 4thsince. He is winless in his 2 starts at the Sprint distance, though he did finish a late running 4th in the 6 furlong Pirate's Bounty Stakes at Del Mar in August.
I'm Christina Moore, and my passion for horses has been lifelong. I caught the racing bug around age 8 and I haven't looked back. I graduated from the University of Illinois with a degree in Animal Sciences and a minor in Business, with dreams of a career in horse racing. I have since followed that dream to the University of Arizona's Race Track Industry Program where I am currently a graduate student slated to finish my studies in May 2013.
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Meaning of "showroom" - Learner's Dictionary
(Definition of "showroom" from the Cambridge Learner's Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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- showerhead noun
- showing noun
- showman noun
- shown
- showroom noun
- shrank
- shrapnel noun
- shred noun
- shred verb
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Word of the Day
a piece of light crescent-shaped pastry, usually eaten in the morning


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Would this be a good hot day activity?
Does this attraction require above average amounts of physical activity (long walks, climbs, stairs or hikes)?
Would this be a good sunny day activity?
Is this attraction pet friendly?
Is this an outdoor attraction or activity?
Is this attraction popular with tourists?
Would this be a good cold day activity?
Does this attraction provide visitors with a taste of the local culture?
Is this attraction free to the public?
Would this be a good rainy day activity?
Thanks for helping!
Was nice to go in and see the Basilica. The Virgin black Madonna was an eye catcher. Plus, if you are a religious person, this would be great for a prayer or two.
This is a really beautiful church and well worth a visit. The stained glass windows are wonderful and the shrine is excellent.
its a quaint walk from the hotel along the sea front to candelaria to see the church and its square with its statues there was also an unexpected festival with brass bands
It was quite warm for December the day we went so it was nice to step inside the cool. It was very quiet and still, only 2 people in there. Very decorative. We stayed 5 minutes because "churches" are not our thing really but wouldn't have left it out whilst in the area.
Lovely area to visit and then sit in a nearby bar people watching. We were entertained by the schoolchildren exercising in the main square.
Beautiful and lovely interior. Free admission to the church. Very peaceful. Right near the sea and picturesque.
The Basilica is set in a beautiful square that looks out to the sea. The atmosphere in the church is so spiritual and serene. Nuestra Senora de Candelaria is an important religious figure in Tenerife,protector of the Island, so this sactuary dedicated to her is visited more by locals than tourists. Well worth a visit.
Free admission, quite long opening ours from memory. Not too ornate a church but still interesting and peaceful to visit
More Irene's thing than mine. My rating would be 3, but Irene really liked the interior and ambience so worth 4 for that reason. There was a service ongoing when we arrived so we sat at the back for a portion of that and decided to return later. I have an interest in religions, but follow none myself these days....
well worth a visit a stunning basilica, a very quaint little place ,beautiful scenery, lots of eateries, and lots of history , the place of the black Madonna,,and a big surprise on the sea front,!
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.
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Essays and a Story
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Other Colors by Orhan Pamuk
Book DescriptionIn the three decades that Nobel prize-winning author Orhan Pamuk has devoted himself to writing fiction, he has also produced scores of witty, moving, and provocative essays and articles. He engages the work of Nabokov, Kundera, Rushdie, and Vargas Llosa, among others, and he discusses his own books and writing process. We also learn how he lives, as he recounts his successful struggle to quit smoking, describes his relationship with his daughter, and reflects on the controversy he has attracted in recent years. Here is a thoughtful compilation of a brilliant novelist's best nonfiction, offering different perspectives on his lifelong obsessions with loneliness, contentment, and the books and cities that have shaped his experience.
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Book DetailsISBN: 9780307386236
(203mm x 133mm x 25mm)
Imprint: Vintage Books USA
Publisher: Vintage Books USA
Publish Date: 11-Nov-2008
Country of Publication: United States
Other Editions...
Books By Author Orhan Pamuk
Naive and the Sentimental Novelist, Paperback (March 2016)
What happens within us when we read a novel? And how does a novel create its unique effects, so distinct from those of a painting, a film, or a poem? This book takes us into the worlds of the writer and the reader, revealing their intimate connections.
Black Book, Paperback (October 2015)
Deals with Middle East and Islamic culture. Rabelaisian in scope, this book offers the sights, sounds and scents of Istanbul, an unforgettable evocation of the city where East meets West, and a boldly unconventional mystery that plumbs the elusive nature of identity, fiction, interpretation and reality.
New Life, Paperback (October 2015)» View all books by Orhan Pamuk
A young student who yearns for the life promised by a dangerously magical book. He falls in love, abandons his studies, turns his back on home and family, and embarks on restless bus trips through the provinces, in pursuit of an elusive vision. This is a wondrous odyssey, laying bare the rage of an arid heartland.
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Author Biography - Orhan Pamuk
Orhan Pamuk is the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature for 2006. His novel My Name is Red won the 2003 IMPAC Dublin Literary Award. His work has been translated into more than twenty languages. He lives in Istanbuland New York.
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The Spontaneous Healing of Belief
Shattering the Paradigm of False Limits Unabridged [CD-Audio/MP3 Edition]
By (author) Gregg Braden
Format: CD-Audio
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Spontaneous Healing of Belief by Gregg Braden
Book DescriptionWhat if the beliefs you have about yourself and the world are wrong? How differently would you live if you discovered that you possess the power to choose the way you deal with longevity, health, and even life itself? Such a radical discovery would change everything about the way you see yourself! In The Spontaneous Healing of Belief, you will discover that you are not limited by the laws of physics-nor by the laws of biology ...and that the DNA of life is a code that may be changed and "upgraded" by choice! In this life-altering CD program, best-selling author and lecturer Gregg Braden shares 15 keys of conscious creation that show you how to translate the miracles of your imagination into what is real. With easy-to-understand science and real-life stories, Gregg shows you that you are limited only by your beliefs ...and what you once believed is about to change!
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Book DetailsISBN: 9781401917319
(125mm x 145mm x 25mm)
Pages: 4
Imprint: Hay House Inc
Publisher: Hay House Inc
Publish Date: 30-May-2008
Country of Publication: United States
Other Editions...
Books By Author Gregg Braden
Entanglement, Paperback (June 2012)» View all books by Gregg Braden
Charlie and Jack Franklin have always experienced life differently than any average brothers. As children, each was able to sense when the other was in danger, when the other was sad, or when the other was happy. As adults, these two brothers took different paths.
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Author Biography - Gregg Braden
New York Times bestselling author Gregg Braden is a guest at many international conferences and media specials. With books such as The Isaiah Effect and The God Code, he ventures beyond traditional boundaries of science and spirituality.
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For many doll enthusiasts, the challenge of identifying a particular doll is part of the intrigue of antique doll collecting. Some antique dolls have markings that make identification easy, while other dolls remain a mystery.
- Skill level:
- Moderate
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Doll
- Magnifying glass
- Doll reference books
- Computer and Internet connection
Show MoreHide
- 1
Observe everything about the doll that may help to identify it, such as the material it is made of, its size, the type of eyes it has, its hair and clothes.
- 2
Examine the doll carefully for markings. Usually the marks will be on the torso, back of the head, or feet. They can be letters, numbers or symbols. Sometimes the name of the doll's manufacturer may also appear.
- 3
Look for a mold mark if the manufacturer's name is not on the doll. Study doll mark reference books to understand all of the markings that are on the doll. One doll mark reference book to consider is, "Antique Trader's Doll Makers Marks: A Guide to Identification."
- 4
Compare the antique doll to pictures in the reference books if there are not any marks to identify it.
- 5
Take your doll to a doll appraiser at doll shops or doll shows to see if they can identify it for you.
- 6
Ask for help in identifying your doll at doll collecting forums (see Resources below).
Tips and warnings
- If you know the manufacturer of the doll, search online auction sites such as eBay.com, to see if you can find a similar doll.
- There are some dolls that may never be identified except for the era during which it was made.
Don't Miss
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for


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Best British Female Singers
The Contenders: Page 2
"Breathy", "sultry", "ethereal", "startling" all have been said about her voice. Listen to "Pilots" and decide for yourself. By the way, the opening tune to the song is also her voice.
Known for her super special husky voice, with mega hits like total eclipse of the heart, holding out for a hero, it's a heartache and many many many more..., she is a legend. Just look at her hits on YouTube, every song gives you that special wow feeling, you know what I mean!
Because of the amazing husky voice and the passion she puts in every song, because she's been in the business for 40 years and never gets tired of touring, because of her fantastic hits and success all over Europe and worldwide.
Great honest performer who can really deliver.V 1 Comment
She is really talented. She is also a really good model.
GO Albania... Love you rita
She is an inspiration and such a genuine person. Rita is talented and always has good spirits. Most importantly of all, she never forgets where she came from. Love you Rita xx
awesomeV 1 Comment
Underrated in every way. A great pop and rock singer, a songwriter of depth and overall good egg! Kim shaped my childhood and teenage years and her music will always have the most special of places in my heart. Keep rocking Kimmy.
Outstanding live performer, excellent singer-songwriter, all-round nice person. Can't get better than this!
Kim Wilde 33 years since release of Kids in America and still touring, making records and as popular as ever!
The best, yet so underrated. My favourite singer / song writer of all time.V 44 Comments
Very impressed with her voice... Someone said it was Adele, but I heard something in her voice that was NOT Adele... Love to hear more from her!
Love the duskiness of her voice, the rich character of it. She has a quality that is more woman than girl, like other deliciously great singers such as Adele and Amy Winehouse.
Like her because nothing to do with Adele! Simply unique! Great singer!
Beautiful and unique voiceV 3 Comments
Feel good songs, amazing lyrics, performed by the most down to earth, beautiful and sweet woman. Such a national treasure
I'm guessing a lot of fourteen year olds are voting when you find sade and dido at the bottom. But hey times change just lets not forget who paved the way.
Dido is just stunning. These emotions, her passion in songwriting. She was accompanying me through my adolescence and empowered me very often.
I love dido song like my fries and chicken
Her songs give me too much memory.V 1 Comment
This should be number 1, Marina has an amazing voice and meaningful lyrics, She has a message and she's delivering it successfully so far, Listen to her and you won't regret it.
How she isn't number one is mind boggling. Absolutely amazing lyrics, great sound, and more important than the other two, she has a phenomenal voice.
The most original and unique of them all. Should be higher! - mood333
I like them but they're not the best. - funnyuserV 3 Comments
Your joking she is a better singer than most of the top lot who thought of this list most of been smoking something
Best singer ever!
She needs to be #1.
See should be 1V 6 Comments
Beautiful, sweet enchanting voice that all should hear.V 2 Comments
How to compare with lesser lights.V 1 Comment
Dusty Springfield was the a Game Changer in British Pop Music - Leading the Way for other Female pop Stars. Elton John called her " BRITAIN'S BEST VOCALIST ". Ballads, Soul, Pop - She had Hits in America, Australia, Canada, U.K. Germany - Germany Voted her " Best Female Singer in Germany 1973 ".
Amazing Voice, Husky, powerful, Her Range & Sensuality came over in Waves when you heard her Sing. You heard the first couple of Notes & you just knew it was Dusty. James Bond & other Movie Backing Songs - Listen to her with the " PET SHOP BOYS " Also her " REPUTATION CD ". She should be in the " TOP TEN " British Singers of all Time - Listen to Her Music - Simply Stunning!.
This should not be a Generational Selection but a MUSIC Selection & DUSTY IS THE BEST!
Dusty Springfield at 34?! She should be in top 10! She was a fantastic vocalist and had lots of amazing songs. 'Son Of A Preacher Man', 'You Don't Have To Say You Love Me', 'I Just Don't Know What To Do With Myself', and 'I Only Want To Be With You' are the best though! I'm only 13 but love her voice and music. RIP.
One of the best female vocalists of all time and am surprised she is not higher on this list. Her range and different styles of singing amaze me still. And she could sing a ballad like no other. Thank you for your music Dusty!
This has obviously been a vote by the younger generation,
as they obviously don't listen to all of the OLDER singers who were far superior to many of today's singers. just try listening to some of the 60's
singer's singing live and you will soon realise how good they were.
as some of today's singer's have their idols from the 60s.
Joss is the best white female soul singer in the world. Not one person named herein has a voice even close to hers. Joss has given up her popularity for artistic freedom. She is the only world class singer who is performing on her own, without the corporate music worlds publicity and backing. Joss is boss, literally. Name another singer who can say the same.
The only singer today that comes close is Adele, both of these women were born to perform music, they are simply the Whitney, and Mariah of a new generation.
Awesome concert, very personal. She connect with her audience, love her music
She's a fruit cakeV 3 Comments
Elkie is stunning live, can sing anything just listen to her version of Dylan's "Make you feel my love " superior to Adel
For me Elkie Brooks is by far the best female singer EVER to come from the U.K.
One of the greatest live singers, you have to see her live to really appreciate the raw power and emotion
None better.V 6 Comments
Only British Female Solo Artist to have 4 consecutive #1 singles (Mi Chico Latino, Lift Me Up, Bag It Up, It's Raining Men)...12-13 million record sales as a solo artist, plus 75 million as a Spice Girl... Nearly 90 million world wide record sales!
She was definitely the best spice girl. She had many awesome songs. Don't you like It's Raining Men, Look at Me, Mi Chico Latino, Walkaway or Calling? - Magnolia
Geri Halliwell had 3 consecutive number #1 singles (Mi Chico Latino, Lift me up, Bag it up) on her first album, as well her debut sing 'Look at me' which peaked at #2 in the charts.
This was a major achievement, a rare success! Then she broke another record by achieving her fourth consecutive #1 single with 'It's raining men' on her second album, becoming the only British female singer to ever achieve this, four consecutive number #1 singles, Girl Power!
Class sheer class one if the best but mismanaged British artists ever. I seen her win the men search fir a star at 15 the year after Gary Barlow and crazy good at the show
She rarely disappoints. The original neo-soul singer. Move over Amy Winehouse! She can do Jazz, Dance, Pop, Soul...
Lovely girl and a great voice so my Mum says and she was an opera singer so there
A super voice that is one of the very best for clear diction, even my foreign friends can understand her words
My father's favorite in the 60's one of the best!
The enduring backbone of Brit female entertainers
She is one for the ages...no one else even comes close...sweet but powerful voice...and a presence that is truly mesmerisingV 3 Comments
Amy's a true talent since a tender age of twelve.
Lovely ginger hair, good looking and a beautiful voice.
Six albums in six consecutive years, all of them best-selling in her native Sweden and now she's an actress in a feature film called "My Skinny Sister".
Just wondering, if this girls family hadn't moved back to Sweden what place would she have been at=
(Her father is British maybe that counts...)
There are LOTS of clips on YouTube, she has been a professional artist in Sweden for ten years now.
Interesting voice, can actually hear lyrics, great ad-libs
She is a breath of fresh air, and has a very mature and strong voice for someone her age. Even-though she only placed 6th on the X-factor she got a record deal and took a year to write and produce the kind of music she wanted to make and boy was it worth it. Ella possess a strong voice and can even reach the whistle register. I love her and she has been compared to the amazing Adele even-though her they sound a little different but nevertheless< I still adore and can't wait to have my hands on her second studio album.
A voice stronger than Adele with a personality that will make you think you've known her for years as well as being able to write songs herself that can make anyone cryV 1 Comment
Recommended Lists
Related ListsBest Female Singers of All Time Best Female Singers of the 21st Century Best Female Singers In Concert Best Female Pop Singers of Today Most Desirable Female Singers in the World
List StatsUpdated 28 Feb 2017
94 listings
5 years, 299 days old
Top Remixes (12)
2. Leona Lewis
3. Ellie Goulding
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Barrack Obama is scheduled to make his first trip to Kenya as a president in July, said the White House on Monday. The American president has visited Ghana in 2009 and Tanzania, Senegal and South Africa in 2011. He has also traveled to Egypt, and South Africa for Nelson Mandela's funeral. Obama will visit Ethiopia and Kenya on July 25 and 26, as the keynote speaker of Nairobi's Global Entrepreneurial Summit, a conference organized by the United Nations which will make it his third key trip to Sub-Saharan Africa. He came to Kenya when he was an US senator in 2006 and made a trip with his then-fiancée Michelle in 1992. He will meet with Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta and, it was also revealed on Monday, that he will address an audience in Kasarani Stadium, a modern venue that seats 60,000 people for soccer.
Check Out The Latest Discovery In Kenya
However, the US President's prospective visit to Kenya has since sparked different speculations of outrage. His fast approaching trip to Kenya continues to be a topic of sharp controversies among Kenyans. First of it all was the firm assurance from the student body at the University of Nairobi of mass suicides and urinating on a tree he once planted there if he fails to come to their campus this time. And more recently, he faces the prospect of "5,000 completely naked men and women" marching in opposition to his "open and huge support for homosexuality".
Based on what White House Spokesperson, Joshua Earnest said last week, President Obama intends to give a formal speech concerning the issue of gay rights during his visit to Kenya. This was reciprocated with an astounding and memorable letter. The notable letter was sent on Monday by the Republican Liberty Party, a conservative political group identified as one of Kenya's most vocal anti-LGBT organisations, and it informs the Administration Police Commandant in Nairobi of a "peaceful procession" planned to welcome Obama in Kenya.
Read the Letter For Yourself:
The party leader, in the person of Kidala Vincent, gave a run down of the scale and aims of the protest, writing:
"The procession shall be carried out by approximately 5,000 totally naked men and women to protest President Barack Obama's open and aggressive support for Homosexuality. "The party's main objective is for him to understand the difference between a man and a woman."
See Also: Inside The Newly Re-constructed Newgate Mall
The Punch, Nigerian news website stated "at least 1,000 commercial sex workers from Nairobi alone have confirmed that they have agreed to play a significant role in the nude protest march". This follows the party leader's (Kidala) assurance to hire a "network of prostitutes" to complete the 5,000 total required because for some reasons a small amount of women agreed to participate.
According to Pink News, Kidala attests the sex workers have agreed to take an active part in the protest without any payment due. To him, the prostitutes are afraid of having significantly fewer customers if homosexuality is legalized in Kenya.


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Season 2 of the Overtime podcast is here! Listen to the first episode with Meg Robichaud now.
One of three concept logos I did for a family member's new endeavor. I don't usually get to work with this style, so it was a good opportunity.
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From: Gerry Snyder <email@example.com>
Gerry Snyder wrote:
A more careful rereading of the message I replied to a moment ago makes
it clear that the following prose was from Bill Shear, not Sharon
McAllister, to whom I attributed it.
I regret my carelessness.
> > Austin was also a pioneer in
> > popularizing arils and arilbreds. I think he was one of the unrecognized
> > giants of the iris world who was never truly appreciated. I remember his
> > catalogs from the early 1960s and wish I still had them.
Gerry, still in muggy Los Angeles
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Software rating based on the program's usage, not on number of downloads
|Attention! Reg Organizer will help you to completely uninstall any software and check your system. Read More | Download Now
Power2Go delivers reliable, high-performance disc burning & copying for CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray discs. Burn all your data, rip and covert music and create exciting video DVDs. Download and back up your photos and video from YouTube, Facebook and more. Easy-to-use and packed with innovative features, Power2Go is the smart choice for all your disc burning needs.


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Re: Info. needed for John W. Thackston& Mary Catherine White
In reply to:
Info. needed for John W. Thackston& Mary Catherine White
janis dunn 8/06/14
1850 Bracken county, part of, Bracken, Kentucky, census
Household Role Gender Age Birthplace
William Thaxton M 26 Kentucky, (WilliamWesley)
Sarah Thaxton F 19 Kentucky
John Thaxton M 1 Kentucky
Anthony Mc Cready M 45 Virginia
1860 Carthage Township, Hancock, Illinois, census
Household Role Gender Age Birthplace
William W Thackston M 34 Ky
Sarah S Thackston F 27 Ky
John W Thackston M 10 Ky
Charles H Thackston M 6 Ky
Alonzo Thackston M 2 Ills
Nancy Johnson F 60 Va
1880 Buckheart, Fulton, Illinois, census
Household Role Gender Age Birthplace
John W Thaxtan Self M 30 Kentucky
Jennie Thaxtan Wife F 30 Illinois
Gertrude E Thaxtan Daughter F 8 Illinois
Charles I ThaxtanSon M 3 Illinois
Perry C Thaxtan Son M 1 Illinois
Elizabeth A Lucky Mother-in-law 70 Maryland
John Lucky Father-in-lawM 71 Maryland
Idaho, Death Certificates
John Thackston Death Date: 28 Apr 1928 Place: Nampa, Canyon, Idaho Birth Date: 17 Sep 1849 Birthplace: Kentucky Father's Name: Wesley Thackston Father's Birthplace: Kentucky Mother's Name: Sarah Savage Mother's Birthplace: Kentucky Occupation: Retired Farmer Address: 123 9th Ave. North Residence Place: Nampa, Canyon, Idaho
Washington, Death Certificates
Charles Ivan Thackston Death Date: 17 Mar 1959 Place: Port Orchard, Kitsap Co., Washington Gender: Male Age (Formatted): 82 years Birth Year (Estimated): 1877 Father's Name: John W. Thackston Mother's Name: Jennie Luckey
Perry C. Thackston (son of John W. Thackston and Jennie Luckey, grandson of William Wesley Thackston and Sarah Ann McCready


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Slide Set 1: Introduction: 1 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Introduction to Artificial Intelligence CS 271, Fall 2007 Instructor: Professor Padhraic Smyth
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 2 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Goals of this Course This class is a broad introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) –AI is a very broad field with many subareas We will cover many of the primary concepts/ideas But in 10 weeks we can't cover everything Other classes in AI you may want to consider: –Belief Networks, 276 –Winter: Probabilistic Learning, 274A –Spring: Machine Learning, 273A –If you have taken another class (e.g., undergrad) in AI, you may want to consider waiving this class and taking a more specialized AI class (feel free to ask me about this).
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 3 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Class Overview Class Web page –http://www.ics.uci.edu/~smyth/courses/cs271/http://www.ics.uci.edu/~smyth/courses/cs271/ Review –Organizational details –Textbook –Schedule and syllabus –Homeworks, exams, grading –Academic honesty
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 4 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Academic Honesty It is each student's responsibility to be familiar with UCI's current policies on academic honesty Violations can result in getting an F in the class (or worse) Please take the time to read the UCI academic honesty policy –See also the class Web page Academic dishonesty is defined as: –Cheating –Dishonest conduct –Plagiarism –Collusion You can discuss problems verbally – otherwise, the work you hand in should be entirely your own
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 5 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Assigned Reading Chapter 1 in the text Papers on Web page –http://www.ics.uci.edu/~smyth/courses/cs271/schedule.htmlhttp://www.ics.uci.edu/~smyth/courses/cs271/schedule.html –Paper by Sebastian Thrun et al on robot driving –Slides or video by Peter Stone on autonomous agents
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 6 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Why taking 271 could change your life….. As we begin the new millenium –science and technology are changing rapidly –"old" sciences such as physics are relatively well-understood –computers are ubiquitous Grand Challenges in Science and Technology –understanding the brain reasoning, cognition, creativity –creating intelligent machines is this possible? what are the technical and philosophical challenges? –arguably AI poses the most interesting challenges and questions in computer science today
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 7 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Today's Lecture What is intelligence? What is artificial intelligence? A very brief history of AI –Modern successes: Stanley the driving robot An AI scorecard –How much progress has been made in different aspects of AI AI in practice –Successful applications The rational agent view of AI
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 8 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth What is Intelligence? Intelligence: –"the capacity to learn and solve problems" (Websters dictionary) –in particular, the ability to solve novel problems the ability to act rationally the ability to act like humans Artificial Intelligence –build and understand intelligent entities or agents –2 main approaches: "engineering" versus "cognitive modeling"
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 9 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth What is Artificial Intelligence? ( John McCarthy, Stanford University ) What is artificial intelligence? It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. Yes, but what is intelligence? Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines. Isn't there a solid definition of intelligence that doesn't depend on relating it to human intelligence? Not yet. The problem is that we cannot yet characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures we want to call intelligent. We understand some of the mechanisms of intelligence and not others. More in: http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 10 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth What's involved in Intelligence? Ability to interact with the real world –to perceive, understand, and act –e.g., speech recognition and understanding and synthesis –e.g., image understanding –e.g., ability to take actions, have an effect Reasoning and Planning –modeling the external world, given input –solving new problems, planning, and making decisions –ability to deal with unexpected problems, uncertainties Learning and Adaptation –we are continuously learning and adapting –our internal models are always being "updated" e.g., a baby learning to categorize and recognize animals
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 11 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Academic Disciplines relevant to AI PhilosophyLogic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical system, foundations of learning, language, rationality. MathematicsFormal representation and proof, algorithms, computation, (un)decidability, (in)tractability Probability/Statisticsmodeling uncertainty, learning from data Economicsutility, decision theory, rational economic agents Neuroscienceneurons as information processing units. Psychology/ how do people behave, perceive, process cognitive Cognitive Science information, represent knowledge. Computer building fast computers engineering Control theorydesign systems that maximize an objective function over time Linguisticsknowledge representation, grammars
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 12 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth History of AI 1943: early beginnings –McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain 1950: Turing –Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" 1956: birth of AI –Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence" name adopted 1950s: initial promise –Early AI programs, including –Samuel's checkers program –Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist 1955-65: "great enthusiasm" –Newell and Simon: GPS, general problem solver –Gelertner: Geometry Theorem Prover –McCarthy: invention of LISP
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 13 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth History of AI 1966—73: Reality dawns –Realization that many AI problems are intractable –Limitations of existing neural network methods identified Neural network research almost disappears 1969—85: Adding domain knowledge –Development of knowledge-based systems – Success of rule-based expert systems, E.g., DENDRAL, MYCIN But were brittle and did not scale well in practice 1986-- Rise of machine learning – Neural networks return to popularity – Major advances in machine learning algorithms and applications 1990-- Role of uncertainty –Bayesian networks as a knowledge representation framework 1995-- AI as Science –Integration of learning, reasoning, knowledge representation –AI methods used in vision, language, data mining, etc
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 14 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Success Stories Deep Blue defeated the reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 AI program proved a mathematical conjecture (Robbins conjecture) unsolved for decades During the 1991 Gulf War, US forces deployed an AI logistics planning and scheduling program that involved up to 50,000 vehicles, cargo, and people NASA's on-board autonomous planning program controlled the scheduling of operations for a spacecraft Proverb solves crossword puzzles better than most humans Robot driving: DARPA grand challenge 2003-2007 2006: face recognition software available in consumer cameras
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 15 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Example: DARPA Grand Challenge Grand Challenge –Cash prizes ($1 to $2 million) offered to first robots to complete a long course completely unassisted –Stimulates research in vision, robotics, planning, machine learning, reasoning, etc 2004 Grand Challenge: –150 mile route in Nevada desert –Furthest any robot went was about 7 miles –… but hardest terrain was at the beginning of the course 2005 Grand Challenge: –132 mile race –Narrow tunnels, winding mountain passes, etc –Stanford 1 st, CMU 2 nd, both finished in about 6 hours 2007 Urban Grand Challenge –This November in Victorville, California
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 16 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Stanley Robot Stanford Racing Team www.stanfordracing.org Next few slides courtesy of Prof. Sebastian Thrun, Stanford University
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 17 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Touareg interface Laser mapper Wireless E-Stop Top level control Laser 2 interface Laser 3 interface Laser 4 interface Laser 1 interface Laser 5 interface Camera interface Radar interfaceRadar mapper Vision mapper UKF Pose estimation Wheel velocity GPS position GPS compass IMU interface Surface assessment Health monitor Road finder Touch screen UI Throttle/brake control Steering control Path planner laser map vehicle state (pose, velocity) velocity limit map vision map vehicle state obstacle list trajectory RDDF database driving mode pause/disable command Power server interface clocks emergency stop power on/off Linux processes start/stopheart beats corridor SENSOR INTERFACE PERCEPTION PLANNING&CONTROL USER INTERFACE VEHICLE INTERFACE RDDF corridor (smoothed and original) Process controller GLOBAL SERVICES health status data Data loggerFile system Communication requests vehicle state (pose, velocity) Brake/steering Communication channels Inter-process communication (IPC) serverTime server road center
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 18 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Planning = Rolling out Trajectories
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 19 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth 2004: Barstow, CA, to Primm, NV 150 mile off-road robot race across the Mojave desert Natural and manmade hazards No driver, no remote control No dynamic passing Fastest vehicle wins the race (and 2 million dollar prize) 150 mile off-road robot race across the Mojave desert Natural and manmade hazards No driver, no remote control No dynamic passing Fastest vehicle wins the race (and 2 million dollar prize)
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 20 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth 2005 Semi-Finalists: 43 Teams
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 21 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth The Grand Challenge Race
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 22 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth HAL: from the movie 2001 2001: A Space Odyssey –classic science fiction movie from 1969 HAL –part of the story centers around an intelligent computer called HAL –HAL is the "brains" of an intelligent spaceship –in the movie, HAL can speak easily with the crew see and understand the emotions of the crew navigate the ship automatically diagnose on-board problems make life-and-death decisions display emotions In 1969 this was science fiction: is it still science fiction?
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 23 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Hal and AI HAL's Legacy: 2001's Computer as Dream and Reality –MIT Press, 1997, David Stork (ed.) –discusses HAL as an intelligent computer are the predictions for HAL realizable with AI today? Materials online at –http://mitpress.mit.edu/e-books/Hal/contents.htmlhttp://mitpress.mit.edu/e-books/Hal/contents.html The website contains –full text and abstracts of chapters from the book –links to related material and AI information –sound and images from the film
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 24 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Consider what might be involved in building a computer like Hal…. What are the components that might be useful? –Fast hardware? –Chess-playing at grandmaster level? –Speech interaction? speech synthesis speech recognition speech understanding –Image recognition and understanding ? –Learning? –Planning and decision-making?
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 25 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can we build hardware as complex as the brain? How complicated is our brain? –a neuron, or nerve cell, is the basic information processing unit –estimated to be on the order of 10 12 neurons in a human brain –many more synapses (10 14 ) connecting these neurons –cycle time: 10 -3 seconds (1 millisecond) How complex can we make computers? –10 8 or more transistors per CPU –supercomputer: hundreds of CPUs, 10 12 bits of RAM –cycle times: order of 10 - 9 seconds Conclusion –YES: in the near future we can have computers with as many basic processing elements as our brain, but with far fewer interconnections (wires or synapses) than the brain much faster updates than the brain –but building hardware is very different from making a computer behave like a brain!
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 26 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can Computers beat Humans at Chess? Chess Playing is a classic AI problem –well-defined problem –very complex: difficult for humans to play well Conclusion: –YES: today's computers can beat even the best human Human World Champion Deep Blue Deep Thought Points Ratings
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 27 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can Computers Talk? This is known as "speech synthesis" –translate text to phonetic form e.g., "fictitious" -> fik-tish-es –use pronunciation rules to map phonemes to actual sound e.g., "tish" -> sequence of basic audio sounds Difficulties –sounds made by this "lookup" approach sound unnatural –sounds are not independent e.g., "act" and "action" modern systems (e.g., at AT&T) can handle this pretty well –a harder problem is emphasis, emotion, etc humans understand what they are saying machines don't: so they sound unnatural Conclusion: –NO, for complete sentences –YES, for individual words
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 28 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can Computers Recognize Speech? Speech Recognition: –mapping sounds from a microphone into a list of words –classic problem in AI, very difficult "Lets talk about how to wreck a nice beach" (I really said "________________________") Recognizing single words from a small vocabulary systems can do this with high accuracy (order of 99%) e.g., directory inquiries –limited vocabulary (area codes, city names) –computer tries to recognize you first, if unsuccessful hands you over to a human operator –saves millions of dollars a year for the phone companies
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 29 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Recognizing human speech (ctd.) Recognizing normal speech is much more difficult –speech is continuous: where are the boundaries between words? e.g., "John's car has a flat tire" –large vocabularies can be many thousands of possible words we can use context to help figure out what someone said –e.g., hypothesize and test –try telling a waiter in a restaurant: "I would like some dream and sugar in my coffee" –background noise, other speakers, accents, colds, etc –on normal speech, modern systems are only about 60-70% accurate Conclusion: –NO, normal speech is too complex to accurately recognize –YES, for restricted problems (small vocabulary, single speaker)
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 30 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can Computers Understand speech? Understanding is different to recognition: –"Time flies like an arrow" assume the computer can recognize all the words how many different interpretations are there?
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 31 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can Computers Understand speech? Understanding is different to recognition: –"Time flies like an arrow" assume the computer can recognize all the words how many different interpretations are there? –1. time passes quickly like an arrow? –2. command: time the flies the way an arrow times the flies –3. command: only time those flies which are like an arrow –4. "time-flies" are fond of arrows
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 32 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can Computers Understand speech? Understanding is different to recognition: –"Time flies like an arrow" assume the computer can recognize all the words how many different interpretations are there? –1. time passes quickly like an arrow? –2. command: time the flies the way an arrow times the flies –3. command: only time those flies which are like an arrow –4. "time-flies" are fond of arrows only 1. makes any sense, –but how could a computer figure this out? –clearly humans use a lot of implicit commonsense knowledge in communication Conclusion: NO, much of what we say is beyond the capabilities of a computer to understand at present
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 33 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can Computers Learn and Adapt ? Learning and Adaptation –consider a computer learning to drive on the freeway –we could teach it lots of rules about what to do –or we could let it drive and steer it back on course when it heads for the embankment systems like this are under development (e.g., Daimler Benz) e.g., RALPH at CMU – in mid 90's it drove 98% of the way from Pittsburgh to San Diego without any human assistance –machine learning allows computers to learn to do things without explicit programming –many successful applications: requires some "set-up": does not mean your PC can learn to forecast the stock market or become a brain surgeon Conclusion: YES, computers can learn and adapt, when presented with information in the appropriate way
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 34 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Recognition v. Understanding (like Speech) –Recognition and Understanding of Objects in a scene look around this room you can effortlessly recognize objects human brain can map 2d visual image to 3d "map" Why is visual recognition a hard problem? Conclusion: –mostly NO: computers can only "see" certain types of objects under limited circumstances –YES for certain constrained problems (e.g., face recognition) Can Computers "see"?
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 35 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Can computers plan and make optimal decisions? Intelligence –involves solving problems and making decisions and plans –e.g., you want to take a holiday in Brazil you need to decide on dates, flights you need to get to the airport, etc involves a sequence of decisions, plans, and actions What makes planning hard? –the world is not predictable: your flight is canceled or there's a backup on the 405 –there are a potentially huge number of details do you consider all flights? all dates? –no: commonsense constrains your solutions – AI systems are only successful in constrained planning problems Conclusion: NO, real-world planning and decision-making is still beyond the capabilities of modern computers –exception: very well-defined, constrained problems
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 36 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Summary of State of AI Systems in Practice Speech synthesis, recognition and understanding –very useful for limited vocabulary applications –unconstrained speech understanding is still too hard Computer vision –works for constrained problems (hand-written zip-codes) –understanding real-world, natural scenes is still too hard Learning –adaptive systems are used in many applications: have their limits Planning and Reasoning –only works for constrained problems: e.g., chess –real-world is too complex for general systems Overall: –many components of intelligent systems are "doable" –there are many interesting research problems remaining
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 37 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Intelligent Systems in Your Everyday Life Post Office –automatic address recognition and sorting of mail Banks –automatic check readers, signature verification systems –automated loan application classification Customer Service –automatic voice recognition The Web –Identifying your age, gender, location, from your Web surfing –Automated fraud detection Digital Cameras –Automated face detection and focusing Computer Games –Intelligent characters/agents
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 38 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth AI Applications: Machine Translation Language problems in international business –e.g., at a meeting of Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and Swedish investors, no common language –or: you are shipping your software manuals to 127 countries –solution; hire translators to translate –would be much cheaper if a machine could do this How hard is automated translation –very difficult! e.g., English to Russian –"The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak" (English) –"the vodka is good but the meat is rotten" (Russian) –not only must the words be translated, but their meaning also! – is this problem "AI-complete"? Nonetheless.... –commercial systems can do a lot of the work very well (e.g.,restricted vocabularies in software documentation) –algorithms which combine dictionaries, grammar models, etc. –Recent progress using "black-box" machine learning techniques
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 39 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth AI and Web Search
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 40 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth What's involved in Intelligence? (again) Perceiving, recognizing, understanding the real world Reasoning and planning about the external world Learning and adaptation So what general principles should we use to achieve these goals?
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 41 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Different Types of Artificial Intelligence 1.Modeling exactly how humans actually think 2.Modeling exactly how humans actually act 3.Modeling how ideal agents "should think" 4.Modeling how ideal agents "should act" Modern AI focuses on the last definition –we will also focus on this "engineering" approach –success is judged by how well the agent performs
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 42 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Acting humanly: Turing test Turing (1950) "Computing machinery and intelligence" "Can machines think?" "Can machines behave intelligently?" Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game Suggests major components required for AI: - knowledge representation - reasoning, - language/image understanding, - learning * Question: is it important that an intelligent system act like a human?
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 43 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Thinking humanly Cognitive Science approach –Try to get "inside" our minds –E.g., conduct experiments with people to try to "reverse-engineer" how we reason, learning, remember, predict Problems –Humans don't behave rationally e.g., insurance –The reverse engineering is very hard to do –The brain's hardware is very different to a computer program
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 44 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Thinking rationally Represent facts about the world via logic Use logical inference as a basis for reasoning about these facts Can be a very useful approach to AI –E.g., theorem-provers Limitations –Does not account for an agent's uncertainty about the world E.g., difficult to couple to vision or speech systems –Has no way to represent goals, costs, etc (important aspects of real-world environments)
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 45 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Acting rationally Decision theory/Economics –Set of future states of the world –Set of possible actions an agent can take –Utility = gain to an agent for each action/state pair –An agent acts rationally if it selects the action that maximizes its "utility" Or expected utility if there is uncertainty Emphasis is on autonomous agents that behave rationally (make the best predictions, take the best actions) –on average over time –within computational limitations ("bounded rationality")
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 46 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth
Slide Set 1: Introduction: 47 ICS 271, Fall 2007: Professor Padhraic Smyth Summary of Today's Lecture Artificial Intelligence involves the study of: –automated recognition and understanding of signals –reasoning, planning, and decision-making –learning and adaptation AI has made substantial progress in –recognition and learning –some planning and reasoning problems –…but many open research problems AI Applications –improvements in hardware and algorithms => AI applications in industry, finance, medicine, and science. Rational agent view of AI Reading: chapter 1 in text, Thrun paper, Stone lecture
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