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NEW IMPERIALISM: MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empires SUPERQUIZ Section II – PART 5 13 questions – 32.5%
The Tools of Empire The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century (Excerpts) By Daniel R.Headrick
Momentous consequences Two events of the 19th century had momentous consequences for the entire world – European domination and exploitation of ____________and ________________ – the power and progress of _______________________ _______________________ – traces the connections between these two events – Historians up to now have only studied these occurrences separately instead of in tandem
New imperialism European imperialism of the 19th century differed in its extent and legacy from previous forms of imperialism – Called _____________________ – In 1800, Europeans controlled or occupied ________of the land surface of the world _____ by 1878 _____ by 1914
New imperialism – The British Empire alone experienced substantial increases in influence in the 19th century In 1800: British empire – ________million square miles and – Population: ______________ During the 19 th Century – The amount of land increased _____________ – the population jumped by _____________
Legacy of New Imperialism The legacy of new imperialism is hard to quantify European religious and political ideas marginally remain in Asia and Africa These ideas are modern equivalents of – Hadrian's Wall – the Mosque of Cordoba
The Triumph of Europe The real triumph of European civilization has been ___________________ not ________________ – Europeans have prevailed in plastics, electricity, printing presses, radio, vaccines, aircraft, napalm, and ships – Very few people currently live without industrial products – The Western conquest of the world with industrial technology remains unchallenged
The European technological triumph began in the 19th century – Europeans wove their technology into their expanding European empires – Connections between technology and history must be studied from both a technological and a historical viewpoint The history of technology remains a popular form of literature Bookstores often offer a wide variety of books detailing histories of cars, planes, guns, and furniture – Most of these books are ________________histories compilations of facts and pictures but are separated from their historical context The Triumph of Europe
HISTORY & TECHNOLOGY The social history of technology aims at comprehending the ________,___________, and _____________of technology – Social historians take a piece of technology and examine it in this view e.g.,"How did firearms change warfare during the late Middle Ages?" Reversing these questions also yields insight into the historical process – Examining how technological forces shaped the development of a particular historical phenomenon is an important skill Historians have failed to answer the question of how technological forces shaped the development of new imperialism
Article Focus: The Period of Imperial Expansion Stages: European imperialism in Asia and Africa at different times and in different ways – KEY TECH - Europeans penetrated and explored new regions: Steamers quinine – KEY TECH -The conquest of indigenous peoples and the imposition of European rule followed Rapid-firing rifles machine guns – KEY TECH – estab. of a communications and transportation network The Suez Canal, colonial railroads, steamship lines, and submarine telegraph cables Each of these steps involved hundreds of products and processes – Headrick focuses on innovations which either made imperialism possible or cost-effective
DANIEL R. HEADRICK Headrick – Doesn't destroy other interpretations – provokes fresh thinking Technology = added to the list of factors that historians have explored regarding European imperialism Imperialism sought to create ___________________ and ________________________colonies – Most territories achieved these aims prior to decolonization – The resulting economic networks and technologies that entered into the development of colonial societies must be left alone for now
According to Headrick… ____________parts of the world experienced ____________effects from technological change during the 19th century – India and Africa were much more affected than Persia or China; the KEY = The proximity – The attention Headrick gives to different world regions is representative of the attention that Europeans gave those same regions in the 19th century
The European Penetration of Africa: EARLY EXPLORATION _________________ - coast of Africa in the 1430s – remained the dark continent for 350 + years – The interior of Africa often blank on maps – Europeans chose to explore and conquer the Americas, Oceania, and Asia Little motivation to penetrate Africa prior to the 19th century – Slave traders sought no disruptions to their profitable operations – Merchants had little evidence of the profitability of penetrating Africa The penetration of Africa resulted from – missionary and – abolitionist movements against the slave trade
European Penetration of Africa Europeans lacked the ___________ to penetrate Africa – Entering Africa had to be done in dugout canoes or on foot A series of _______________ covers most of Africa Rivers flow through a series of __________________from the highlands to the sea Mangrove swamps and ___________________line African coasts Animal – trypanosomiasis – nagana ….kill off pack animals in African tropical regions Europeans, however, had explored the Americas with primitive transportation means Disease – The effect of European steamships did not have an impact on Africa until decades after their arrival H.G. Wells could have been writing about it in ______________ – aliens invade Earth in futuristic vehicles 142 – As the aliens are about to conquer Earth, an invisible _____ __________ forces them to flee
Portuguese Expeditions Portuguese captain _________sent an expedition up the ____________River – Casualties reached such high levels within a few days that Cão cancelled the expedition Francisco _________ led a voyage up the ____________ valley in ________ – The objective was to establish contact with the kingdom of __________________ – _____________________ claimed the cattle and horses miles upriver The men contracted _________________ – African or part-African agents carried on Portuguese communications with the Zambezi valley until _____
Early European Expeditions _____ out of 152 Europeans died during William _____ exploration of __________ Bay – This journey lasted from _______ to ________ Mungo _____ _______ expedition of the upper _______River led to the death of all Europeans involved Captain James ________ led a party up the ________ River from ______ to _____ – _____ of the 54 Europeans on the voyage died
Disease did not restrain European attempts to explore Africa Each generation: new explorers willing to risk death in order to explore the unknown regions 19th century: New reasons to explore Africa – A resurgence of Christian mission work, – the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade, and – scientific research funded by the wealthy provided ample motivation to enter Africa
Macgregor Laird played a key role in opening _________to Britain – son of shipbuilder ___________Laird whose early _____s: firm began building iron steamboats – Macgregor was 23 Macgregor did not want to remain the junior partner in a struggling business – A restless spirit of exploration stirred him scientific curiosity, missionary fervor, and commercial hope
EXPLORING the NIGER RIVER In _____: Laird's explores the Niger River – _________________had reached the upper reaches of the river in the first decade of the 19 th century Park reached the __________ Rapids Brothers Richard and John ___________ traveled downriver in a canoe in 1830 – first ventured north from Lagos – proved that the Niger River and____River were the same river – The Niger River flows into the ________________through a mangrove swamp Laird realized that a steamer carrying a cargo of trade up the Niger River could open up a large section of Africa to British influence
''[This journey will please] those who look upon the opening of Central Africa to the enterprise and capital of British merchants as likely to create new and extensive __________ markets for our manufactured goods, and fresh sources whence to draw our supplies; and those who, viewing mankind as one great _________, consider it their duty to raise their fellow creatures from their present DE________, DE_________________, and DE______________ state, nearer to Him in whose image they were created. …and dats DE truff!
The African Inland Commercial Company founded by – __________________and – __________ merchants The treasury refused to grant the company a __________ and a charter, but these setbacks did not slow down the company ___________Lander was hired to lead the expedition established "for the commercial development of the recent discoveries of the brothers __________ on the River Niger"
The African Inland Commercial Co.'s THREE SHIPS: – The brig _____________- storeship – Steamships Quorra Alburkah
Quorra – – the larger steamship of the journey – ________ and __________ built the ship out of ____________ – measured _______by _______ feet – drew _______ feet on the river and _____ feet at sea – __________-horsepower engine – needed a _____-man crew – carried a _____-pound swivel gun, an ___- pound carronade, and 8 ____-pound carriage guns, as well as plenty of handguns
The Alburkah M. Laird built the smaller steamship Alburkah – The boat measured ___by ___feet – drew _____feet ____ inches made of iron except for the deck Powered by a _____-horsepower _________ and ___________ engine crew of _______men Firepower aplenty! – In addition to handguns, – a _____-pounder and – Six ____-pounder swivel guns
The expedition reached the Niger delta without incident – left the ____________ in the Bight of ________, continuing upriver in the two steamers – Laird hoped to found a trading post at the convergence of the Niger and _________ Rivers sought to buy _________ at low prices
EVALUATION of LAIRD's EXPEDITION steamers succeeded in navigating the Niger River – Laird earned his reputation as an explorer and innovator The expedition as a whole failed to accomplish its ___________ and _____________objectives – Only______out of the 48 Europeans survived the African diseases Laird returned in a weakened state to England in ______ He never fully recovered his health
2.18 LISTING (pp. 55-57) 1. List two momentous events of the nineteenth century according to Headrick. -industrialization -colonization of Asia and Africa
2.18 LISTING (pp. 55-57) 2. List two ways in which the "new" imperialism of the nineteenth century was different according to Headrick. -its extent -its legacy
2.18 LISTING (pp. 55-57) 3. According to Headrick, the goal of imperialism was to create colonies that were -politically submissive -economically profitable
2.18 LISTING (pp. 55-57) 4. Headrick writes that the three stages of imperialism were -penetration and exploration by first European travelers -conquest of indigenous peoples -forging of communication and transportation networks
2.18 LISTING (pp. 55-57) 5. Key technologies in phase one were -steamers -prophylactic use of quinine
2.18 LISTING (pp. 55-57) 6. The key technologies in phase two were -rapid-firing rifles -machine guns
2.18 LISTING (pp. 55-57) 7. The key technologies in phase three were Steamship lines Suez canal submarine telegraph cables colonial railroads
2.18 LISTING (pp. 55-57) 8. Macgregor was motivated by -missionary fervor -scientific curiosity -commercial hope
2.19 MATCHING (pp. 56-57) a. Diogo Cao b. Francisco Barreto c. William Bolts d. Mungo Park e. Capt. James Tuckey f. William Laird g. Macgregor Laird _____ 1. Scottish shipbuilder _____ 2. founder of the African Inland Commercial Company who led an expedition up the Niger River without incident until most of them died of disease _____ 3. explorer who led an expedition up the Zambezi River where many of his men succumbed to malaria in 1569 _____ 4. Portuguese captain whose men died in great numbers exploring the Congo River in 1485 _____ 5. 1777-1779 expedition leader at Delagoa Bay where 132 out of 152 Europeans died _____ 6. leader of 1816-1817 exploring party up the Congo River in which 19 out of 54 Europeans died _____ 7. leader of a 1805 venture into the upper Niger River which resulted in the death of all Europeans present
2.20 FILL IN THE BLANK (p. 57) You're cordially invited to join us on a monumental journey led by _______________________. On our passage, the ship _______________________ will be used as a storeship and two ______________________ will also accompany us up the __________________.
2.20 FILL IN THE BLANK (p. 57) The larger of the two steamers, the ___________________, is made of wood and was constructed by ____________ and ___________. She measures 112 x 16 feet and is powered by a ____________ - horsepower engine. Altogether _________ men will sail on the Quorra, which will be armed with a 24- pound swivel gun, eight 4-pound carriage guns, and an 18- pound carronade, a small cannon.
2.20 FILL IN THE BLANK (p. 57) The smaller of the two ships built by _______________________, son of the great shipbuilder _______________________, is called the _______________________. She is 70 x 13 feet and carries a crew of ______the Quorra, which is made of ______________, the Alburkah is made almost entirely from ______________, except for the deck. She has a 15-horsepower Fawcett and Preston engine and carries a 9- pounder and six 1-pounder ____________ guns.
2.20 FILL IN THE BLANK (p. 57) The previous travels of Richard and John Landers prove that a steamer like ours sailing up river with a cargo of trade will open up an immense part of Africa to the commerce and influence of Great Britain. Join us on our great adventure!
A substantial number of Europeans traded along the coasts of Africa prior to the mid 19 th century – The British government stationed a fleet along the West African coast after __________ This attempt to end the slave trade searched slaving ships suspected of carrying human cargo – The British placed small ___________throughout the coast to enforce the abolitionist goal – Christian missions popped up along the African coasts
AFRICAN DISEASES & MORTALITY RATES All of these Europeans fell ill from African diseases – Statistics regarding mortality rates of British _______________ in West Africa are more plentiful than the rates among _________________ British troops were stationed in their posts as _________________ became important to Western society – Military criminals and offenders constituted the __________________________ men traded their ____ sentences for military service in Africa – This swap often constituted a death sentence The Royal African Corps covered ground from the __________ to the _____________
1840 MEDICAL ARTICLE on troops in Africa The United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine an _____ article concerning the health of these troops in Africa
TROOPS in SIERRA LEONE – From 1819 to 1836, _____ of the 1,843 troops who served in Sierra Leone died – _________of soldiers – ________worst year for British soldiers in Sierra Leone ______ out of the 571 men _________died from disease – The size of the Sierra Leone force decreased by more than ______each year, despite the constant arrival of men
THE GOLD COAST The Gold Coast proved just as deadly as Sierra Leone – _______ of Europeans who arrived between 18__ and 18__ died in Africa – ______ of the 224 men died in 1824 – ______of white soldiers sent to West Africa died – Another __________ became invalids – Only _______of white soldiers returned "fit for future service"
CAUSES of MORTALITY - Misunderstood The authors of the 1840 article did not understand the causes of the high mortality rates – The writers did not blame ______________________for contracting diseases – ___________could not take the blame Dry and windy stations produced as much death as stations next to marshes – The authors faulted _____ fever and __________ fever The article also featured the death rates of white missionaries to Africa – _____ such men ventured to West Africa between 1804 and 1835 – _______of these men died of disease, while 14 more returned in poor health
West Indians vs. Europeans West Indians only experienced a mortality rate ____ of the white mortality rate – This rate still was double the disease mortality rate of native Africans – An epidemic from 18___ to 18___ in the Gambia killed ______ out of 399 whites Only ________in 40 to 50 West Indians perished Yellow fever likely caused this epidemic – Many West Indians had developed a resistance to this disease endemic to the West Indies By _____, the British government stopped sending white troops to West Africa – Only a half dozen white ___________ arrived in the region to lead West Indian troops
Philip Curtin: CHARTMAN! Faster than a speeding CRAY! More accurate than, well….Rush Limbaugh! Sees dead people and loves counting them!
Philip Curtin : British personnel mortality rates
Curtin: additional statistics for different military groups
Malaria Malaria was the chief killer of Europeans in Africa – OTHER MAJOR KILLERS: dysentery, yellow fever, typhoid – Malaria has likely caused more deaths in human history than any other disease – The protozoan Plasmodium __________ causes TERTIAN malaria endemic throughout much of the world leads to – a general weakening of the body – intermittent fevers Plasmodium_______________causes a far deadlier type of malaria – This strain of malaria is endemic only to tropical _____________ Savannas, swamplands, and rainforests all house the protozoan – Surviving this type of malaria grants the body only _____________ resistance Africans often suffered repeated low-level bouts of malaria throughout their lives Without this limited resistance, however, plasmodium falciparum is often fatal
"BAD AIR" 19th-century European medical experts blamed malaria on putrid smells and humid air – This diagnosis stemmed from the ancient association of malaria and swamps In ________, mal'aria means "bad air" The_________word paludisme means "swamp"
Laird's Theory strangest theory of all in 1837 to Thomas _____________ regarding Laird's expedition of the Niger River ''Captain Grant mentioned the possibility of getting firewood at _____________, nothing can be more injurious both to the Vessel and the Crew…to the Crew, as the miasmatic exhalations from it will infallibly produce fever and disease. I have had melancholy experienced of the effects of_________taken on board & used as Firewood for the Engines on the Coast of Africa.'' ~ Macgregor Laird It's real PO WOOD!
French scientist – Alphonse Laveran discovered – Plasmodium – in 1880 This organism invades the – bloodstream
VECTOR: Anopheles mosquito In 18_____, – the British _________, – the Italian ____________ – and the Italian __________________ discovered the Anopheles mosquito was the __________of malaria
Jesuit's Bark: a remedy for malaria prior to Plasmodium's 1880 discovery Technological advances often preceded _________explanations before the 20th century Science was "_________________" in the age before the 19th century – Nowadays, technology has become "______________" The ________introduced the bark of the cinchona tree as a cure for _____ malaria in the ___th century – The religious denomination spread news of the remedy throughout Europe – An engraving from the 17th century reads, "______ offers a branch of cinchona to science"
Peru, say what? Yo, science! Wanna' branch? If you need to treat malaria, it's a CINCHona! #$%^& JESUITS made me do it!
CINCHONA'S DRAWBACKS – The tree only grows in the ______ Mountains in South America Limited supplies reached Europe Often deteriorated or adulterated – _______________doubted the effectiveness of cinchona bark because of the Jesuit connections Oliver Cromwell supposedly refused the "_____________" cure even when dying of malaria – The bark also had no effect on __________ fever or other widespread fevers at the time None of that &%@%* "POPISH" CURE for me! Britain's PROTESTANT-in-CHIEF
New "Killer" Treatments Up through the 18th century, doctors prescribed cinchona bark for malaria – By the turn of the century, however, medical authorities used _________ and ___________ Mercury helped with ______________ calomel used for its ____________qualities – Doctors also began using __________and ______ These ineffective remedies killed many more patients than they saved The high death rates of British military personnel in West Africa are partially caused by these deadly "treatments"
1820: Pelletier and Caventou's big breakthrough – French chemists __________________________and _______________________extracted the ________ quinine from cinchona bark in _________ Commercial production of quinine began in_________ By _______, the drug had reached manufacturing levels that allowed it to be used by the general public
ALGERIA Physicians in areas with malaria infestations began conducting quinine experiments in the late 1820s – These medical experts often published results of their investigations – The first important experiments occurred in __________ following the ______ French invasion __________ and __________outbreaks plagued French troops in Algeria _____________remained the most common problem
Bône experienced the highest Algerian incidence of disease Swamps surrounded the city Malaria outbreaks occurred every summer – in 18____: __________of the 2,788 French soldiers in Bône were hospitalized – in 18____: _________ out of 5,500 troops were hospitalized – For every 7 of these soldiers that were hospitalized, _______died Mon DIEU, the mortality… 2 :7 ! Good doc
Both malaria and its treatments contributed to patient deaths _______________heavily influenced French army physicians – headed \medical school of – ___________________ According to Broussais, treat fever with… bleedings, leeches, purgatives, a starvation diet – Quinine should only be administered after the _____ or ____ ___attack The drug was too expensive for military use One ounce cost ________francs Starve the fever and purge the patient! NO quinine until the 7 th or 8 th attack! Mon dieu! It's way TOO expensive! Bad Doc!
2 French army docs just say, "NO!" Jean-André Antonini François Clement Maillot chose not to follow the accepted medical practices at the time
ANTONINI – Antonini noticed that quinine appeared to help _________________ fevers This realization allowed Antonini to differentiate between malaria and ___________fever The physician – lessened the __________ of his patients and – gave them more __________
MAILLOT – ______ went further than _________ The physician arrived in ______in 1834 during the height of the____________ epidemic At the first sign of malaria, Maillot prescribed ___to ____ grams of quinine immediately – _______________ believed that quinine should be given 4 to 8 days after the first signs of malaria Maillot put his patients on a nutritious diet – Only________in 20 of Maillot's patients died in 1834 – Recall the figure was _______ in 7 for 1833
Recognition for Maillot In 18___ Maillot described his treatment methods for malaria to the _________________________in Paris – In 18___, he published his findings in the work ________________________________________ – The French military ___________accept Maillot's methods for years In 18___, Maillot received the recognition he deserved – France revered Maillot as a ________of French science – The ____________________________stated, "It is thanks to Maillot that Algeria has become a French land; it is he who closed and sealed forever this ________________________"
QUININE Quinine use became more widespread in _________________as well – Purgings and bleedings gradually fell into disuse – By the 1840s, Gold Coast Europeans kept jars of quinine _______ around their house The first sign of chills or fever resulted in ingesting this medicine Quinine use after infection only combated ___________malaria – To prevent Plasmodium_____________, quinine needed to saturate the human bloodstream _________infection occurred Quinine was taken as a ________________ during one's stay in areas known to be infested with falciparum
Two events led to discovery of quinine as a prophylactic EVENT #1: – In _________ – the ship ___________was stationed off the coast of Sierra Leone _______ crew members took cinchona bark regularly, while _____officer refrained from doing so Only ___________died of malaria
EVENT #2: In 18 ______, the British government sponsored the largest ever Niger expedition Captain H.D. _________ led ________Europeans up the Niger River aboard – the 457-ton Albert, – the 457-ton Wilberforce, and – the 249-ton Soudan Every known precaution was taken to protect these men from disease – Only young and athletic men of "good breeding" had been selected – The ships had fans to dispel bad air – The expedition barreled at top speed up the malaria-infested Niger delta to reach the dry upper river as soon as possible Malaria still appeared on board the ships within three weeks – The Wilberforce and the Soudan returned to the Atlantic Ocean as floating hospitals – Within two months, ________ Europeans had died Another _____ perished before the expedition ended
Dr. T.R.H.Thomson Dr. T.R.H. Thomson used the opportunity as the physician on board one of Trotter's ships to experiment with different drugs – Some crew members received cinchona bark with wine while others got quinine – Thomson gave quinine to himself and stayed healthy – The physician published his findings in the article On the Value of Quinine in African Remittent Fever The work appeared on February 28, 1846 in the British medical journal The Lancet
Dr. Alexander Bryson's Report Dr. __________________ – in 18________ published Report on the ___________ and ________________of the African Station advocated the use of quinine as a _________________ to Europeans in Africa By 18____, – the director-general of the Medical Department of the ______________sent a notice to all West African British __________ recommending quinine prophylaxis
Quinine prophylaxis still did not receive immediate adoption by the medical community _____________________proposed another African expedition in 18_____ – Laird had the ship __________specifically built under his contract with the Admiralty This ________ propeller-steamer weighed ______ tons The ship rigged as a schooner – She had the capacity to pull 2 or 3 barges up the Niger A ____-pounder pivot gun, 3 smaller swivel cannons, rifles, and muskets defended the Pleiad _____Europeans and ___Africans formed the ship's crew
BRYSON & BAIKIE Dr. Alexander ___________ gave a set of instructions to protect the crew's health – These directions delineated clothing, diet, activities, and moral influences – Bryson recommended the crew take ____ to ____ grams of quinine per day during the Voyage The time period of this quinine use spanned from the time the ship crossed the sandbar to 14 days after venturing back into the Atlantic Ocean – Dr. William _________ made sure the crew followed these instructions Baikie served as ______________ of the Pleiad – After 112 days on the ________&_________Rivers, all European crew members returned alive Thomas _________________ gave Dr. Bryson the credit he deserved for this technological miracle
______________________: Pleiad's Senior Surgeon ''Since my first visit to Africa in 1850, I have felt firmly convinced----and that conviction urges me to impress my faith on all who read this work----that the climate would not be so fatal as it has hitherto proved to Europeans, if a different mode of daily living, a proper method of ________________________ hygiene, and another line of therapeutic practice in the treatment of fevers, were adopted. Before, and beyond all others, is the ____________ influence of quinine as it was used in the ''______________,'' in the mode here described…'' ~ Thomas Hutchinson
_______________'s Mortality Stats Death rates from malaria plummeted as quinine as a prophylactic spread – Bleedings and purgings fell out of favor as accepted medical practices
Philip Curtin Only _____ of the 2,500 European soldiers involved in a two-month military expedition against ________ died – _____________mortality rates for Europeans in West Africa also rapidly dropped off – The rate fells from ________-per 1,000 to __________ per 1,000 – This lower rate still represents ____________times the death rate of European people in the same age bracket back in Europe ''The improvement over the recent past was understood well enough in official and missionary circles to reduce sharply the most serious impediment to any African activity.''
European exploration of Africa continues European exploration of Africa increased in the mid 19th century with the advent of successful malaria prevention – Expeditions remained dangerous but no longer had ______________levels of danger – Countless Europeans volunteered to search for glory and wealth in Africa The most celebrated of these celebrities was _________________________
LIVINGSTONE Livingstone first heard of quinine prophylaxis in ________________________in ________ – He took quinine daily while marching across southern Africa from 18____to 18____ – By 1857, Livingstone became convinced that quinine prevented malaria – When preparing for an expedition of the __________ River in 18____, Livingstone made his crew take two grams of quinine a day in their sherry Many of the crew suffered from malaria on the trip Only _______of the 25 died Livingstone developed a remedy for malaria from rhubarb, quinine, calomel, and resin of julep – The explorer modestly called this concoction ___________________ pills ("LIVINGSTONE ROUSERS") Livingstone came to doubt quinine's efficacy, as it only lessened the impact of malaria
Growing demand for quinine Europeans followed the footsteps of intrepid explorers into Africa – Planters, engineers, traders, missionaries, administrators, tourists, and soldiers, as well as their wives and children, ventured into Africa All of these groups needed daily quinine to treat malaria – Europeans in ________ and other tropical areas also demanded quinine
Growing demand for quinine Until the 1850s, these areas served as the only sources for the world's cinchona bark supply Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru in 1881 – Bark exports rose from ____million pounds in 1860 to ____ million – In 1881, Indian and ____________________ cinchona bark took bark from the Andes off the market The _____________and _______________caused this market shift to occur Ideas about growing cinchona trees in Asia circulated for a long time – While demand for cinchona bark was small, the plans never came to fruition
CINCHONA in ASIA In the early 18____s, Dutch botanists in ______ advocated for the government of the Netherlands East Indies to import cinchona seedlings – From 18___to 18___, Justus Charles ____________ traveled to the Andes under an assumed name This superintendent of the _____________________Botanical Gardens secretly collected seeds Most of these seeds died on Hasskarl's journey back – From 18___to 18___, Clements ___________ and _______ traveled to Bolivia and _______ Markham worked as a clerk at the __________ Office Weir found employment as a gardener at the British Royal Botanic Gardens at ____________ Markham and Weir sought to collect seeds of the Cinchona ____________________tree
CINCHONA at OOTACAMUND in INDIA's ___________ Hills English botanist Richard ________ and Kew gardener Robert _______ traveled to ______ at the same time as Markham and Weir's mission – Spruce and Cross collected 100,000 Cinchona ____________ seeds and 637 plants – ______ seedlings reached India – These plants formed the center of cinchona plantations at _______________________in the Nilgiri Hills near Madras
A period of experimentation followed these secret expeditions Horticulturists and other scientists exchanged seeds and information at botanical gardens in Java, Madras, Ceylon, and Bengal – These gardens provided cheap seedlings and advice to planters After 1874, Cinchona calisaya __________________ formed the basis of Javanese cinchona plantations – This hybrid species grafted onto the stem of the C. ________________ tree __________and____________also increased the quinine yield – Mossing - cutting strips of bark and placing moss around the trees – Coppicing -deals with cutting trees to the ground after 6 or 7 years Peruvian cinchona bark had a ________sulphate of quinine content – Breeding in Java raised this figure to ________ by 1900 – Scientists later improved this number to _______ or ________
The British and Dutch reached a compromise after the collapse of the Andean bark industry ___________ plantations produced a cheaper but less potent bark – From which chemists extracted ____________________ Totaquine : a mixture of antimalarial ________________ – Almost all of India's production of cinchona bark went to British ___________&_________________personnel stationed in the tropics The excess was sold in the Indian market _____________horticulturists produced the more expensive and potent pure quinine – This version of quinine captured over ________% of the world quinine market by the early 20th century Scientific cultivation methods and a marketing ___________caused this monopoly The Kina Bureau of Amsterdam coordinated the purchase of bark as well as the price and quantity of quinine sold – _____________control of the quinine market only ended after the Japanese conquest of Indonesia in World War II The development of _____________________malaria suppressants also contributed to the decline of this monopoly
Scientific cinchona production – A high point of imperial technology European could not have colonized Africa without it – Colonization in other areas would have been much more ______________ This new advancement, however, was as much a _____________ of new imperialism as it was a consequence – Several botanical gardens shared their scientific expertise – ___________& ___________colonial government encouraged the development of scientific cinchona production – ___________&___________________land and labor contributed to the technology
2.21 CHARTING (pp. 57-61)
2.22 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 58-59) 1.West Indian soldiers on the West African coast had a better resistance to disease than the white soldiers they served with True
2.22 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 58-59) 2. The British government never recognized the significance of soldier death rates in West Africa due to disease. False—They finally recognized the significance in 1830 and began sending mostly West Indian soldiers there because of their greater resistance to disease.
2.22 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 58-59) 3. The principal killer of Europeans in Africa was yellow fever. False—The principal killer was malaria.
2.22 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 58-59) 4. Macgregor Laird believed that malaria was caused by firewood from a certain location. TRUE
2.22 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 58-59) 5. Alphonse Laveran discovered that malaria was transferred via mosquito bites. False—He discovered that malaria was caused when Plasmodium invades the bloodstream but didn't know that mosquitos were the vector.
2.22 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 58-59) 6. A remedy for malaria was discovered long before the 19th century through trial and error. TRUE
2.22 TRUE OR FALSE (pp. 58-59) 7. The bark of cinchona trees was an effective and easily disseminated cure prior to the 19th century. False—It was effective but it only grew in the Andes Mountains so the supply in Europe was limited and often deteriorated by the time it reached the European continent.
2.23 COMPARISON (pp. 58-60) This or that? For each item below, determine whether it describes the Plasmodium Vivax strain (PV) or the Plasmodium Falciparum (PF) strain of malaria. 1. Endemic only in tropical Africa 2. Endemic throughout much of the world 3. The less deadly of the two strains 4. Causes a general weakening of the body and produces intermittent fevers
2.23 COMPARISON (pp. 58-60) 5. Generally can be treated with quinine pills at the first sign of chills or fever 6. The body's resistance to this strain is only temporary 7. The bloodstream must be saturated with quinine before the onset of first infection in order to cure this strain 8. The deadlier of the two strain 9. Jesuits introduced the bark of the cinchona tree as a cure to this strain
2.24 CHARTING (pp. 58-60)
Steamers: Comparison to quinine Steamers helped Europeans overcome the stumbling block of poor transportation – Similarly, quinine cleared the obstacle of malaria for Europeans Quinine and steamers worked hand in hand to open much of Africa to colonialism The scramble for Africa is often explained as a complex interplay of political factors – The French political psychology following the __________________ War ostensibly allowed new imperialism to take place ________________ also held lofty ambitions for an expanding empire Historians also attribute the scramble for Africa to be a byproduct of the _____________________ – Headrick feels that technology such as these equally contributed to the scramble for Africa steamers, quinine prophylaxis, and the quickfiring rifle Quinine prophylaxis protected European crews aboard steamers heading into Africa
Macgregor Laird's Back: Economic Motives The Niger trade proved both lucrative and necessary for Britain After the fall of the slave trade, _____________served as southern Nigeria's chief export – Europeans used palm oil to make soap and lubricate industrial machinery Niger delta middlemen kept the price of palm oil unreasonably high – These merchants brought palm oil to the coast to trade with Europeans – Small European traders who shipped palm oil to Europe also raised the price of palm oil
Laird believed that the ____________would break these _____________ grips on the __________export business Laird wrote to ____________in 1851 that _________________ "will convert a most uncertain and precarious trade into a regular and steady one, diminish the risk of life, and free a large portion of the capital at present engaged in it…"
The double application of steam Europeans required the double application of steam – One application was a regular steamboat service along ____________________________ This service bypassed the Nigerian middlemen in the palm oil industry – The other was the development of a steamship line between _________and______________
Macgregor Laird Laird's first appeals were rejected – The 1854 expedition of the Pleiad gave credence to Laird's ideas – The _____________________________convinced the British government to support Laird's projects in ____ In 1857, the Foreign Office sent Dr. _______ to open relations with the Caliphate of ________on the middle Niger – The Admiralty signed a contract with Laird Three steamers would be sent up the Niger River annually for the next _______years
Niger River Steamers John Laird's Birkenhead shipyard built the – Dayspring, – Rainbow, and – Sunbeam for this service ….DRS of British commerce! These three ships' journeys angered the Nigerian middlemen whom they were bypassing – Traders attacked the _____________ in 18____, killing _______ crew members Laird subsequently asked the British government to have a _______________accompany the steamers
WARSHIPS and GUNBOATS In 18___, the H.M.S. _________entered the Niger River – This warship destroyed the villages that had been responsible for the Rainbow attack By the 1870s, several British companies traded with armed steamers on the Niger – A military expedition annually destroyed towns that resisted the British invasion By the 1880s, the ________________________kept a fleet of light gunboats on the Niger River throughout the year – Sir George _________ headed this company that united all trading interests in the region In 1885, the British government declared the Niger delta a ___________________ – Sporadic resistance occurred in the region No African river town could effectively fight against British gunboats
Beyond the Niger The Niger River became the earliest and most active background for the use of steamers by Europeans This river was the easiest African tropical river to navigate Other African Rivers: – The Congo, – Zambezi, and – upper Nile as well as their tributaries all contained waterfalls that blocked steamers' progress Boats needed to be disassembled, portaged, and then reassembled to bypass the cataracts These portages required large-scale financing, labor, organization, and technology that Niger explorers never acquired
Livingstone's Steamers In 1858, David Livingstone used the ______________to explore the Zambezi River up to the ________________ Rapids – Livingstone utilized 2 others: the Pioneer in 1861 and the Lady Nyassa The MA ROBERTS
The LADY NYASSA The Lady Nyassa had to be carried in pieces around the waterfalls leading to _________________
Various Explorers Used Small Steamers ____________________ explored the upper Nile with the steamer Khedive __________________had the nine-ton steamer En Avant carried in pieces from the Atlantic Ocean to Stanley Pool _____________________ soon appeared on the Congo River with his Ballay
Savorgnan de Brazza on the _______ River with his __________
The number of European steamers on African rivers soon drastically increased MOTIVATION: – Missionary work, – trade, – exploration, and – conquest
Small Belgian Trading Steamer
French lieutenant ___________ conquered – Lake __________ and the area of the – _________and ________Rivers from 18__ to 18__ Gentil used the first aluminum steamer _______ in these expeditions
Commandant Marchand Marchand embarked on a cross-Africa adventure in 18______ – Two steamers and three rowboats portaged from the Ubangi to the _____ for this expedition – After reaching the Nile, Marchand rode his steamboats up to his confrontation with ___________at________
Without Steamers, Europeans Couldn't Have Penetrated Africa The lack of ____________ and Africa's harsh ______________would have slowed down expeditions that traveled on foot – African regions that lacked good water transportation were some of the last global regions to be colonized These areas included – Ethiopia, – the Kalahari, – Central Sudan, and – the Sahara The ease of water transport and difficulty of land transport defined European interactions with Africa during the 19th century
2.25 COMMONALITIES (pp. 61-63) Hasskarl Markham Weir Spruce Cross Attempted to get cinchona seeds to plant
2.25 COMMONALITIES (pp. 61-63) Quinine, Calomel, Rhubarb, Resin of Julep Ingredients in "Livingstone Pills"
2.25 COMMONALITIES (pp. 61-63) Peru Ecuador Bolivia Colombia The only sources of cinchona bark until the 1850s
2.25 COMMONALITIES (pp. 61-63) Missionaries Soldiers Traders Administrators Planters Tourists "Lesser protagonists" in imperialism who could finally travel inland once a preventive cure for malaria was discovered
2.25 COMMONALITIES (pp. 61-63) Bengal Ceylon Madras Java Places were horticulturists and quinologists exchanged seeds and information
2.25 COMMONALITIES (pp. 61-63) Dayspring Rainbow Sunbeam Ships built by Laird's Birkenhead shipyard for service between Britain and West Africa
2.26 DEFINITIONS (pp. 60-63) A technique used to increase the yield of alkaloids where one cuts strips of bark and wraps cinchona trees in moss Coppicing Quinine prophylaxis David Livingstone
2.26 DEFINITIONS (pp. 60-63) Captain of the Pleiad and a doctor who made sure his crew took quinine during their travels up the Niger and Benue rivers Palm Oil A marketing cartel which coordinated the purchase of bark and the price and quantity of quinine sold until the early 20th century
2.26 DEFINITIONS (pp. 60-63) Niger River First steel steamship which Livingstone used to explore the Zambezi River in 1858
2.27 QUOTING (pp. 57-62) Macgregor Laird Written about Laird's missionary fervor and desire to Christianize and civilize Africans Scientific Congress of Algiers Dedication to Maillot who was finally honored at the end of his life for his contributions to science because of his use of quinine to cure malaria
2.27 QUOTING (pp. 57-62) Macgregor Laird Written in a letter to Thomas Peacock in 1837, Laird tried to explain the origin of the malaria epidemic Thomas Hutchinson Written by a member of the crew of the Pleiad about the suggestions for the prevention of malaria given to them by Dr. Alexander Bryson
2.27 QUOTING (pp. 57-62) Philip CurtainComments about the way in which Africa was no longer the "white man's grave" once an effective cure for malaria was found Magregor Laird Written in 1851 to Earl Grey, Laird believed that the steamship was the key to successful commerce in the interior of Africa
2.28 ANALOGIES (pp. 57-62) 1. ____________________________: poor transportation :: quinine : malaria 2. Alburkah : ____________________________:: Quorra : wood RIVER STEAMERS iron
2.28 ANALOGIES (pp. 57-62) 3. Mungo Park : Niger River :: Francisco Barneto : ____________________________ 4. Paludisme : French :: mal'aria : ____________________________ Zambezi Valley Italian
2.28 ANALOGIES (pp. 57-62) 5. Weir : ____________________________:: Spruce : botanist 6. Bark of cinchona tree : prevention of malaria :: ____________________________: lubrication of industrial machinery gardener Palm oil
2.28 ANALOGIES (pp. 57-62) 7. Macgregor Laird : Scotland :: King Leopold II : ____________________________ 8. Pelletier : chemist :: Cross : ____________________________ Belgium gardener
2.29 EITHER/OR (pp. 61-62) In order to address the growing (DEMAND FOR, SUPPLY OF) quinine an attempt was made by the British and the (DUTCH, FRENCH) to grow (CINCHONA, POPLAR) trees in areas outside of the Andes Mountains
2.29 EITHER/OR (pp. 61-62). In 1853-54 Justus Charles Hasskarl traveled to the (ANDES, HIMALAYAS) under an assumed name and (SECRETLY, ALLEGEDLY) collected seeds, most of which (DIED, SPROUTED).
2.29 EITHER/OR (pp. 61-62) Later in 1858-1860, Markham and Weir traveled, again secretly, to collect (SEEDS, YOUNG PLANTS) of the Cinchona Calisaya tree. At the same time, an (ENGLISH, AMERICAN) botanist Robert (SPRUCE, PINE) and a gardener Robert Cross collected specimens in (ECUADOR, PERU).
2.29 EITHER/OR (pp. 61-62) Of the 100,000 seedlings and 637 young plants only 463 seedlings reached (INDIA, ALGERIA) forming the nucleur of the cinchona plantations at Ootacamund in the Nilgiri Hills near (MADRAS, BENGAL).
2.29 EITHER/OR (pp. 61-62) After extensive experimentation and the eventual demise of the Andean bark industry, a compromise was worked out between the (BRITISH, FRENCH) and the (DUTCH, GERMANS). Plantations in (INDIA, CHINA) produced a cheaper, less (POTENT, CONTAMINATED) bark from which chemists extracted totaquine, a mixture of antimalarial alkaloids.
2.29 EITHER/OR (pp. 61-62) Most of this product was reserved for (FRENCH, BRITISH) military and personnel stationed in the (TROPICS, COASTAL AREAS). The rest of the product was sold in (FRANCE, INDIA). The quinine made by the (DUTCH, FRENCH) was more potent, (PURE, CONTAMINATED), and (CHEAP, EXPENSIVE). It made up over (FIFTY, NINETY) percent of the world market in the early twentieth century.
2.30 ORDERING (pp. 59-63) 3 1 7 4 5 2 6 ____Laird's expedition on the Pleiad ____ Two French chemists Pelletier and Caventou extracted the alkaloid of quining from the bark of cinchona trees ____ The Espoir destroyed the villages that had been responsible for the previous assault on the Rainbow ____ Foreign office agreed to send Dr. Baikie to open relations with the Caliphate of Sokoto on the Middle Niger ____ Livingstone used the Ma Roberts to explore the Zambezi River up the Kebrabasa Rapids ____ David Livingstone first heard of quinine prophylaxis ____ Delta traders whose business was threatened attacked the Rainbow
IN ORDER (1820) Two French chemists Pelletier and Caventou extracted the alkaloid of quining from the bark of cinchona trees (1843) David Livingstone first heard of quinine prophylaxis (1854) Laird's expedition on the Pleiad (1857) Foreign office agreed to send Dr. Baikie to open relations with the Caliphate of Sokoto on the Middle Niger (1858) Livingstone used the Ma Roberts to explore the Zambezi River up the Kebrabasa Rapids (1859) Delta traders whose business was threatened attacked the Rainbow (1861) The Espoir destroyed the villages that had been responsible for the previous assault on the Rainbow
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377 Ocean Boulevard UNIT 5,Hampton NH, 03842
2 beds , 1 Full/1 Three-Qtr baths
1,140 sq. ft
Status: Active
Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Verani Realty
(888) 723-0306
Listing Provided Courtesy Of: Kennedy Loiseau Real Estate - Alex Loiseau
Last Updated: 2/20/2017 2:21 AM
Description for 377 Ocean Boulevard UNIT 5 Hampton, NH 03842
Beautiful oceanfront and marsh-view condos and cottages on Hampton Beach. Units range from one to three bedrooms with all top-of-the-line finishes. Community layout plan features walkways and beautiful green spaces. We are now holding units.This condominium has not yet been registered by the NH Consumer Protection and Anti-Trust Bureau of the Attorney General's Office, Department of Justice. Until such time as registration has been issued, only non-binding reservation agreements may be accepted.
Listing Information
Hampton Be//
Public Water Service, Electric Water Heater
Public Sewer
100 Amps
School Information
Room Information
Kitchen, Living Room
Master Suite
Kitchen Combo, Formal
Interior Features
1,140 Sq. Ft. Above Ground
Dishwasher, Disposal, Dryer, Microwave, Electric Range/Cooktop, Refrigerator, Washer
Hardwood, Tile
A/C - Other, Ceiling Fan(s), Air Cond. Unit
Gas Heat, Other, Other
Alarm -Smoke/Fire
Elevator, Smoke Alarm, Kitchen Island
Exterior / Lot Features
Paved Driveway
Vinyl, Steel
Balcony, Deck
Water Front, Public Roads
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Current market conditions for 377 Ocean Boulevard UNIT 5
Active Market Trends
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Median list price$374,900
Days on market152
Properties for sale103
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Median sold price$320,000
Sales to list price9,656.0%
Properties sold84
Median sq ft price$236
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Listing Price History for 377 Ocean Boulevard UNIT 5
Hampton Real Estate
Hampton is located in New Hampshire. Hampton, New Hampshire 03842 has a population of 8,997.
The median household income in Hampton, New Hampshire 03842 is $71,012. The median household income for the surrounding county is $77,939 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Hampton 03842 is 46.9 years.
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Anticipatory Prosecution in Terrorism-Related Cases
Robert Chesney
University of Texas School of Law
Wake Forest Univ. Legal Studies Paper No. 944117
THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE AMERICAN PROSECUTOR, Worrall & Nugent, eds., SUNY Press, Forthcoming
This chapter, part of an edited volume on the changing role of the American prosecutor, discusses the manner in which the Justice Department has implemented the goal of terrorism prevention in the years since 9/11. It will be of interest primarily to those who seek a relatively brief introduction to the various methods by which federal prosecutors may intervene preventively in the terrorism context (and how those methods relate to one another conceptually), with an emphasis on prosecutions under the material support statutes and the tension that such prosecutions may generate between the benefits of harm prevention and the costs of false positives. Those interested in a more sophisticated treatment of these issues should instead refer to the articles posted here (http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=587442) and here (http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=932608).
Number of Pages in PDF File: 27
Keywords: terrorism, prosecution, material support
Date posted: November 10, 2006
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Coatings Inspector Salary
A sizeable majority of Coatings Inspectors in the United States are men. In this role, average pay is around $25.51 per hour. Geography and tenure each impact pay for this group, with the former having the largest influence. Most Coatings Inspectors report high levels of job satisfaction. Although the greater part have medical coverage and slightly less than one-half have dental coverage, roughly a third claim no health benefits at all. The figures in this rundown are based on the results of PayScale's salary questionnaire.
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Job Description for Coatings Inspector
The process of coating is not one that most people think much about. Yet, having equipment or surfaces properly coated is vital to protecting their function. It is also often important to the safety of their operators or inhabitants. Proper protective coating protects structures and equipment from weather, heat, fire, or chemical damage. Because it is necessary to maintain proper levels of coating in certain applications, companies may either directly employ a coatings inspector or contract with a company who employs them.Read More...
Coatings inspectors perform detailed quality checks on surfaces to ensure that their level of protective coating is adequate according to specifications and regulations. If they are not, they will analyze the problems so that they may recommend solutions to fix the issue. There are countless applications for protective coatings, from small pieces of equipment to bridges and building structures. Many companies specialize in inspecting specific surfaces. Coatings inspectors often work as a team, supervised by senior-level coatings inspectors.
There are many different environments in which coatings inspectors may be expected to operate, some of them dangerous. Coatings inspectors should be very safety-conscious people who are physically fit and comfortable working in difficult environments. The work is almost exclusively performed in the field, so extensive travel may be required. The coatings inspector should be a strong communicator and able to coordinate a team.
Employers typically seek applicants with a high school diploma, as well as NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) certification. Experience with coatings and anti-corrosives are strongly preferred, especially for supervisory roles.
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Pay by Experience Level for Coatings Inspector
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
The average beginner in this position makes around $60K, but folks who have been around for five to 10 years see a markedly higher median salary of $77K. For Coatings Inspectors, 10 to 20 years of experience on the job amounts to an average salary of $72K. Old hands who claim more than two decades on the job enjoy average earnings of $82K.
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Rated 5 out of 5
based on 21 votes.


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Staying with family and if this fish and chip shop represent what is good in F&C in the north then I'll stay in the South West thank you for good food and service.
I live in Germany now but seafarer was always my favourite chippy. I always sit in the restaurant. Great choice from the menu generous portion sizes and very friendly staff.
We have been buying takeaway fish and chips from the Seafarer about once a month for nearly 50 years and it's our favourite chippie in Northwich because the fish is usually very nice. As with all such places a lot of the quality depends on whether the food is freshly cooked or if it has been standing about in the...
Went on a Tuesday and they had an offer on which was really good value for a cheap meal after work.
Restaurant was clean and didn't have to wait too long. Staff friendly and a nice atmosphere.
Always a great meal and very friendly- eat in and take credit cards for traveling folks !! I visit every time I am in the area.
Took a friend who was visiting the UK for their first fish and chips here. We ate in the restaurant part which was basic but nice. The fish and chips where a good size. They served wine and beer. Very tasty and responsible price.
A popular chipy to visit for a great quick meal on the go. Long opening hours, with good service. Good sized portions and a nice cuppa.Great crispy chips and lovely mushy peas all cooked to order on main traffic route and local parking in evening.Give it a try, you will be back.
Visited here just before a theatre visit over the road at the memorial court- had a pre theatre offer on. Lovely meal, great service and great value for money!
Yummy fish and chips when you want a completely ordinary meal. Good value, good quality product. Very enjoyable.
Never sat in to eat only take away, if anyone knows Northwich well enough they'll say decent places to get food is limited, well that's definitely what I think and this is one of the better ones when you don't want to be cooking after a busy late finish from work
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5Pcs Silver Blackhead Comedone Acne Extractor Stainless Steel
- 4.9
- | Write a Review
1.Live chat customer services team -Available for all questions. Start online chat
2.After-sale issue: 1, defective/ missing/ wrong items/product operation issue
In order to serve you better and get a faster reply , If you have request about above questions. Please submit the request to fill out this from with detailed information.
Length: App 11.5cm
Material: Stainless Steel
Color: Silver
Package Included:
5 X Pcs Blackhead Needles
Pierce the infected part (acne) with a sharp acne needle.
Then gently press the infected part with the ring end, assure the infected part is in the ring.
Carefully move the needle to remove acne,after using,clean the skin with skin tonger, then skin may feel refreshing, clean, tender and supple.
By DrsliksVerified Buyer
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For any pre-sales questions, please Contact Customer Service and get a response within 24 hours.Ask a Question


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PROINSO supplies in Barbados a PV-DIESEL hybrid system
PROINSO supplied SMA inverters and SMA Fuel Save Controllers for the hybrid system located in St Lucy, Barbados. The installation will help reduce diesel consumption by 60,000L/year representing 16 % of the total annual fuel consumption.Ľ
PROINSO has recently delivered a PV Diesel Hybrid System for an installation in St. Lucy, Barbados, which combine PV panels and a diesel generator as a backup power source.
The material supplied by Proinso included SMA Sunny Tripower 15000TL, SMA Fuel Save controller and structure. These products were delivered by PROINSO USA, the subsidiary based in Sacramento, California.
The installation will help reduce diesel consumption by 60,000L/year representing 16 % of the total annual fuel consumption with a possible payback in under 5 years. Moreover, this PV Hybrid solution offers independence from rising diesel prices and reduces operating- and maintenance costs.
The installation helps PROINSO strengthen its presence Caribbean region, where the firm plans to develop a total of 50MW before 2016.
The PV DIESEL systems from PROINSO help users save fuel depending on radiation
zone, installation dimensions, and the number of hours the engine is on.
Standing out among the services Proinso offers is Click and Collect. This service is readily available online at http://www.proinsosolar.com/. With this new platform, trade members and individuals throughout the United States can buy PV solar products from leading brands.
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Solar FlexRack TDPÔäó Turnkey Trackers are the next generation, single-axis solar tracker solution, complete with comprehensive services and support. What sets this tracking solution apart is its updated tracking technology bundled with a full suite of best-in-class project services and support for commercial and utility-scale solar customers. The TDP Turnkey Tracker offers the lowest total cost solution by providing the only tracker in the industry that includes full design, installation, commissioning, and support services bundled in one contract. Solar FlexRack's TDP Solar Tracker solution is supported by an in-house team of experts that includes mechanical, structural, civil, electrical and geotechnical engineers and geologists. To learn more about Solar FlexRack's TDP Turnkey Tracker, one of the most cost-effective and comprehensive tracker solutions available, please visit: http://solarflexrack.com/products/tracker.


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A tell all book is in the works about the late Rob Ford, former Mayor of Toronto.
This according to his brother Doug who says it was penned by both himself and Rob, before he passed away in March of this year.
The 51 year old says the story of "Ford Nation" will pull no punches.
Doug Ford says the HarperCollins book will outline the tough times in Rob's life with respect to addiction, his time as mayor and his cancer diagnosis but that it will be in the words of the Ford family opposed to the "media story."
He also said hr would have no problem defeating Justin Trudeau, who he described as a part-time drama teacher, who is not qualified to be prime minister.
The book will be released November 22nd.


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Dear Petra (and Harold),
Indeed, low humidity or even inconsistent humidity can
spoil a developing leaf in record time. A few other causal
agents one might check for (i.e. things or events which have
induced similar damage in my experience):
- Water trapped in the still folded leaf; could induce fungal/
bacterial rot. [avoid misting/ watering late in the day, treat
prophylactically with Dithane M-45 (manganese + zinc, leaves
a residue) or with Phyton-27 (copper chelate- no residue)]
- Contact with other plants, leaves or objects; I've observed
deformations if a developing leaf rubs against or even just
touches another object- spiny bromeliads especially! [keep
new leaf isolated, at least until hardened]
- Excessive air movement; can sever a primary leaf vein which
may result in a tear or perforation [keep developing leaves away
from fans] By the way, this applies even more so to the output
air stream from a forced air furnace/ heater.
- Slugs; as Obi Wan Kenobi once said, "Never underestimate
the dark side of the force...". In truth, he was referring to evil
gastropods- but popular culture misinterpreted his statement.
[you may not see a slime trail & still be plagued... check at night
with a strong flashlight & see what's lurking. I've never had good
luck using only baits in my greenhouse; best is a combination
of baiting and hand elimination inside the greenhouse- and a
dedicated regimen of baiting around the outside perimeter/ points
of entry]
- Fertilizing with a high urea nitrogen; typically affects leaf edges
first- turning them yellow prior to necrosis- but sometimes manifests
as an interior legion [flush with low TDS water, change your N
source and/or reduce your feed concentration]
- Lastly, are you keeping your temperatures somewhat moderated?
As, I'm sure you know- Anth. warocq. hails from higher altitudes
and does best when kept below 90º F (optimal in my experience is
approx. 80+º during the day, dropping to 68º or a bit lower at night).
I hope that between Petra's wonderful note & some of the above
observations you're soon growing perfect meter long warocq. leaves.


text:
Restaurant Bellavista in Puerto Alcudia
|Club & Restaurant Bellavista by Giuseppe
|Paseo Marítimo, 6
07400 Puerto de Alcudia
Tel.: +34 971 897 651
Web: www.bellavistabygiuseppe.com
Mail: email@example.com
Opening hours: daily 9.30am until midnight.
The new Bellavista by Giuseppe – a modern and cozy restaurant with Italian, Majorcan and gluten-free food. Here you can enjoy the wonderful meals, snacks and coffees: on the terrace, in the cozy chill-out area, in the warm indoors or for your bigger events even in a separate room. And of cource – wonderful views!
- Ensaimada, sweet temptation
- Els Calderers, museum and manor


text: Meet Doug Cohen: The Man Who Brought Portillo's to Rockford May 9, 2015 After his first visit to Portillo's fifteen years ago, Doug Cohen knew his hometown of Rockford, IL needed its own Portillo's restaurant. Several unsuccessful attempts to convince founder Dick Portillo to build a restaurant in Rockford led Doug to solicit the help of his neighbors by starting a petition in 2010. Five years later, Doug's tireless efforts have paid off, as the Rockford Portillo's is set to open on June 9th, 2015. "Simply put, Doug Cohen is responsible for bringing a Portillo's to Rockford," said Dick Portillo. "His persistence paid off." We reached out to Doug to tell his story. Here is what he had to say: ------ Q: Tell us about your history with Portillo's. My first encounter with Portillo's was in January 2000 when I was in training for one week in Buffalo Grove, Illinois. When lunch time arrived on our first day, our instructor gave us a map with several dining choices on it. He noted that out of all of the choices, he would highly recommend trying Portillo's. So I loaded my car with some other hungry students and we headed to the Portillo's in Arlington Heights. The restaurant was busy and the parking lot was packed. I noticed when I looked toward the drive thru lane there were employees standing outside, wearing headsets, taking orders from the cars in line. After entering the restaurant, I noticed it had a 1920s theme and was full of life. The people working the counter were filled with energy, talkative, and fast. I ordered an Italian Beef and the order was up quickly. We found a table and upon first taste of my sandwich, it was truly love at first bite. I was hooked for life. Q: Tell us about the petition. When did you get the idea? How did you spread the word? In 2000, a local newspaper article claimed Portillo's was opening a Rockford location. I was elated and was looking forward to having all of that yummy goodness right here in our city. But it never materialized. So I decided to write to Portillo's. I wrote to Portillo's many times about opening a Rockford location but I was repeatedly informed that a Rockford location was not in their plans. I decided that I would need to take it upon myself to show Mr. Portillo that people from this area would support a Portillo's restaurant. I started an online petition in August 2010 and supplemented that with a Facebook page in May 2011 to help promote the petition. I had some "Bring Portillo's" to Rockford promotional t-shirts made and I gave those away. I also ordered some business cards to give away and I pinned them up wherever I could. I also promoted the petition on Craigslist. Eventually, the local newspaper gained an interest in my petition and interviewed me twice about my efforts. A few local television stations picked up the story as well and helped spread the word. Between the petition and the Facebook page, more than 8,000 people joined the "Bring Portillo's to Rockford" campaign. Q: What were people's reactions when told them about your petition to bring Portillo's to Rockford? Some of my friends would start backing away from me slowly with a strange look in their eyes. Some told me I was wasting my time and money, saying that Portillo's would never come to Rockford. After launching the petition, the majority of people were supportive and many thanked me for my efforts. This was reflected in the thousands of online petition signatures, and all of the comments and likes on the Facebook page. Q: What are your favorite menu items at Portillo's? I am a huge fan of Portillo's Italian beef sandwiches. Nobody's beef tops Portillo's. I also enjoy the hot dogs, ribs, and chocolate cake. Now that we have a Rockford location, I will be able to further explore the many different menu options. ------- The Rockford Portillo's opens on June 9th, 2015. We look forward to welcoming Doug and everyone who helped bring our restaurant to Rockford. Portillo's is still hiring for all positions in Rockford. Apply in person Tuesday through Friday from 9 am - 6 pm AND Saturday from 10 am - 5 pm at our temporary hiring center at 6234 Mulford Village Drive in Rockford. If you are unable to apply in person, you may drop off your completed application in the dropbox at our hiring center. Training is available on weekends for full-time students. Portillo's fans can register now to receive a free piece of chocolate cake on their birthday from any Portillo's restaurant. Sign up here. Categories General News


text:
Hi All,
Just curious if anyone else suffers mid-cycle migraines and do they associate this with the timing of ovulation?
I seem to suffer a severe migraine mid-cycle each month and since I'm TTC, I'm now taking more notice of things and wondering if this could be a sign of ovulation about to happen.
I'm CD15 of a regular 28 day cycle and have not ovulated as of yet this cycle. Normally ovulation for me occurs between CD14 and CD16 and I remember having a migraine mid cycle last month but can't remember exactly when it was.
As I don't use OPKs or chart temp and CM seems to be non-existent this cycle, I'm wondering if this could be another sign that I'm about to ovulate?


text:
College of Law
College Web Site : www.colaw.uobaghdad.edu.iq
It was established in 1921during the reign of Ottoman was known as Ottoman law school then it changed into College of law in1963 .It is one of the operative scientific associations in the society because of its distinguished role in the legislative and political fields .It aims at producing graduates that can efficiently deal with legal problems .the college one section at that level of initial studies and includes the following sections at the postgraduate level ,It consists of four departments (private law .public law, international law and criminal law)
- Microphotometer
- "Ayah 3Sx3p-3D-solar" photometer
- The use of oil and anise seed to improve the productive and reproductive performance of different flocks of chickens
- Design of a new type of solar energy systems surfaces with a design that prevents the accumulation of dust using a technique of antenna induction Vibratory
Removal of cadmium from simulated wastewater be electrodepostion on stainless steel tubes bundle electrode
AKUL extract shampoo as an effective treatment of scalp inflammation &as best hair conditioner
AKUL extract as an effective mouth wash
Bacterial Techniqe to Produce Biophoshate Fertilizer and other Nutrients from Phosphate Rock and Whey
First semen collection and artificial insemination of ducks and geese in Iraq using modern techniques
The use of natural antioxidants to reduce the phenomenon of oxidation of fat that naturally occurs during storing fluid of male birds sperm
Inventing an alternative new technique of Visopan screen microscope for textile scans and Determination of volumetric density and the relative weight of the components of the tissue for 2012
Ceramic Water Filters
Production and purification the enzyme glucose Aazomez of isolated local bacteria with studying some of properties and its usage in corn syrup and solution of pure glucose
Design, Manufacture and Test a device to Measure the Length of Alsarcomir in muscle Fibers for Various Kinds of Meat
Faculty members of College of Engineering at Baghdad university get Patent
remove cadmium from contaminated water by electrochemical deposition using tubes of stainless steel package
- Bacterial technology to produce fertilizers Alvesfo - vital and some other elements o fphosphate and whey rock.
- The use of IRAQI METHOD ( uropygiaectomy ) to improve the Fertility and Hatchability in broiler breeded flocks .
- Locally preperd synbiotic and used it for early feeding for broiler chicks
- Local prepared for Automatically machine for loading the liquid material .
- The use of uropygialectomy ( IRAQI METHOD ) to improve broiler performance
- The use of uropygialectomy ( IRAQI METHOD ) to improve sexual activity of cocks
- Surgical removal of uropygial gland ( IRAQI METHOD ) to convert the sterile hen ( non-layer ) to high egg produce hen
- The Treatment of the Collapse of the Gypsum soil by Injection of Ekrelite
- Patent for two Professors of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
- Two professors from the Faculty of Agriculture received a patent.
- Medical City :The idea and the becoming
- Dedication of some books of Sheikh Udai AL-A'sam


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By now, Ian Bell should be a national hero as well as an MBE. There is a distinct difference, and in his case the gap has been widening. Whenever he walks out to bat the movement in the crowd is less a ripple of anticipation than a shrug of the shoulders.
Bell has become the personification of under-achievement. Possessed of abundant natural gifts (which appear sometimes, it is true, to have been coached to the point of extinction) he is also possessed by a diffidence that somehow makes him afraid to use them.
Too often, when bowlers have Bell at the other end they must know the meaning of being mauled by a dead sheep. But intermittently he shows what all the fuss has been about since he was first spotted as a 12-year-old. Yesterday was one of those days.
If South Africa came to The Oval intent on redemption for their miserable form in the one-day series so far, Bell swiftly demonstrated that the road to redemption requires precise navigational skills. He was not about to show them the way through, he was about to set England's course to an improbable series-winning 3-0 lead.
He was merciless in the first 10 overs of England's innings. But this was not improvised, bottom-handed, cross-batted butchery. It was extremely high-class assured orthodox batsmanship in which the movement of the feet and the quality of the timing were key elements.
In short, it was a pleasure to behold. Bell hit 11 fours and a six, taking full advantage of the power plays. His 50 came in a mere 36 balls and there seemed reason to suppose that he could continue in this vein. Dead sheep have their day. But then he changed. The next 23 runs required 41 balls. It was as if he decided that he had taken the venom from the tourists and now "Mr Diffident" was tapping him on the shoulder again.
Bell's figures in one-day cricket, as in Test cricket, tell only half the story. He has an average of 36, on the lower side of respectable. But this was his first half-century in 11 innings and only his second in 23. Not good enough. Not by half.
He should have made his second one-day hundred and perhaps the change in gears did for him as much as Johann Botha's regulation off-spin. England had the flier they craved, however, and for the suddenly beleaguered tourists there could be no return. They want home and they want it urgently.
It has been a long three years for Bell since he was gonged up, so to speak, as 12 of them were when England regained the Ashes. In that contest he was offered a leading role, but was never much more than a supporting actor.
Since then, if at long intervals, many corners have been turned only to find another brick wall to run in to on the other side. If only yesterday's endeavours might lead to the sunlit uplands, England would have a hero all right.
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Call (888) 651-9785
Tour guide Saul and driver Darren made this tour amazing. Windsor Castle was astonishingly beautiful, Oxford is a must-visit if you're into Harry Potter, and Saul showed us a HP special that really made the trip worth it. Stonehenge was impressive, if you're into that :. I love blackbirds, so spent more time admiring the rooks, some of whom are comfortable enough with the staff to eat out of their hands. Darren drove the coach through some villages so we could get photos of lovely thatched-roof cottages, and we were able to view Highclere from a distance -- a nice bonus for this Downton Abbey fan. As with other Golden Tours, the lunch provided is a 6-inch Subway cucumber sandwich meal, so consider yourselves forewarned and make sure to bring your own lunch.
I love it!
Its a long day with really really quick stops. Stonehenge is awesome and totally worth it! Windsor castle is beautiful and worth a visit if you can manage it. Oxford was not worth it in my opinion. I have done a similar tour in the past that didn't go to Oxford but went to Bath instead and I thought that was much better. However, ideally a trip that only went to Stonehenge and Windsor but stayed longer at both places would be best but no one seems to do that combination.
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I will update my position as the situation warrants.<quoted text>
let me know when you're ready to forgo for now.
i'm starting a Cruz birther site sponsored by WND. good money in birther nonsense.
Barack Obama, our next President
There are 1496995 comments on the Hampton Roads Daily Press story from Nov 5, 2008, titled Barack Obama, our next President. In it, Hampton Roads Daily Press reports that:"The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep," Obama cautioned. Young and charismatic but with little experience on the national level, Obama smashed through racial barriers and easily defeated ...
Join the discussion below, or Read more at Hampton Roads Daily Press.
#966444 Aug 19, 2013
#966445 Aug 19, 2013
so how many white kids killed themselves over the weekend with their parent's gun?
does FOX ever talk about that kind of thing?
#966446 Aug 19, 2013
Since: Jun 13
#966447 Aug 19, 2013
You and Homer would have to specify which "lies" have been "debunked".
Was it the lie about a video perpetrated weeks after knowing what actually happened? So far, the president has remained completely silent on that one.
Or was it the lie about getting to the bottom of the IRS abusing its power and holding those responsible accountable? So far, the president hasn't cooperated with the investigation or held anyone accountable.
Only the silent liberal media has "debunked" what looks like a cover up because the president wants them to convince you there's no "there" there.
The majority aren't buying it.
Or maybe it's the ongoing lies about Obamacare when most of us clearly see it's a disaster. He's sticking to it like glue.
Good morning, sonic.
#966448 Aug 19, 2013
When in Toronto last week I spoke with a few Canadians who said they absolutely loved Chicago and felt safer walking around there than they did in Toronto. The violence is in the South Side and is gang related.
What do you think can be done about it? Perhaps they'll eventually kill each other off. Gangs have been around long before President Obama and they'll be around after them. Why the concern now? Because they're black and so is he? You think he can wave a magic wand and make the gangs disappear?
Why are you still trying to justify the murder of Trayvon Martin?
"Peace on Earth"
Since: Sep 08
Location hidden
#966449 Aug 19, 2013
One thing we can say for sure about a radical zionist Jew....rational thinking escapes you.
Since: Jun 13
#966450 Aug 19, 2013
Wouldn't dream of disturbing your reverie of denial.
Responded to sonic instead. You can ignore that too if you want.
Good morning, Homer. How are things in Obama dreamland?
#966451 Aug 19, 2013
'Cause, if you're white, it's alright: Chris Rock
Since: May 11
#966452 Aug 19, 2013
Your mother f*cked the entire neighborhood.
Prove me wrong.
#966453 Aug 19, 2013
Since: Jun 13
#966454 Aug 19, 2013
The total number of Chicago Public School students killed in gun violence this past school year was four fewer than the previous year.
Twenty-four students were fatally shot during the school year that ended June 15, but the overall shooting toll was 319, the highest in four years.
Where's the outcry? Obama? Holder? Sharpton? Jackson? Anyone?
Since: Oct 08
Location hidden
#966455 Aug 19, 2013
Chapter & verse Homer? What Barack Hussein Obama mouthpiece are you "quoting" now?
#966456 Aug 19, 2013
Has not been debunked.
#966457 Aug 19, 2013
Silos filled with seeds.
"Come Home America!"
Since: Nov 11
Claymont, Delaware 19809
#966458 Aug 19, 2013
Yet, the paY DISPARITY has become less than it was under the George W Bush Administration . You must have forgot that President Obama signed the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act as his first act as U S President. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tag/lilly-ledbe...
"Constitutionalis t"
Since: Dec 10
#966459 Aug 19, 2013
You obvously weren't here last week.
Just for starters, why don't you copy and paste the story of how Ann Dunham met Obama Sr from either Wikipedia, Factcheck or Snopes, then explain Stanley Dunham meeting Obama Sr at the airport in Honolulu when he arrived in 1959.
Then explain why Obama looks like Frank Marshal Davis, and doesn't look anything like Obama Sr.
Then explain the pornography photos of Ann Dunham.
Then explain Ann Dunham saying her son was "Barry Soetoro" in a letter to Ford Foundation in 1981.
Then explain how Obama went to Pakistan in 1981 while it was on the no-travel list of the US State Department with a US passport.
Then explain why PBS couldn't find one single person who ever met Obama at Columbia for thier documentary on his life.
Then explain how a poor student at Occidental who never attended classes at Columbia was admitted to Harvard.
Then... explain how a computer-generated signature got on a "birth certificate" from 1961.
We'll start there, and see where that takes us.
Obama was "Barry Soetoro" when he was a poor student at Occidental.
Obama never attended classes at Columbia.
Obama met Vernon Jarrett and William Ayers in Chicago after his non-Columbia days, and subsequently they arranged for him to be admitted to Harvard with a record of being a poor student at Occidental and never attending classes at Columbia.
There is NOTHING being promoted about Obama that isn't fraudulent. Frank Marshal Davis is his biological father. His mother was a prostitute.
Obama would never have been born today. His mother would have had an abortion after being knocked up by a black communist who dumped her after he fucked her.
Since: Jun 13
#966460 Aug 19, 2013
Since Jan. 1, Chicago police have recorded 2,364 shooting incidents and 487 homicides, 87 percent of them gun-related. Shootings have increased 12 percent this year and homicides are up 19 percent.
Mayor Rahm Emanuel (D), Obamas former White House chief of staff, is faced with how to stop the guns from blazing. Police and social workers alike are asking why, exactly, Chicagos homicide rate has remained so high.
Maybe he doesn't want another serious crisis to go to waste?
"Bill Clinton could have "
Since: May 10
Prevented this
#966461 Aug 19, 2013
I can smell your stink from the Daley Center this morning.
"Constitutionalis t"
Since: Dec 10
#966462 Aug 19, 2013
Show me the photos.
You saw photo evidence of Obama's life being completely fraudulent last week.
Back your bullshit up.
Want to see the porno pics of Ann Dunham again?
#966463 Aug 19, 2013
I SAID 'debunked'
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Watch Love Don't Cost a Thing (2003) Free Online
Love Don't Cost a Thing
IMDB Link:
Rating: 5.0/10 (5,570 votes)
Director: Troy Byer
Writer: Michael Swerdlick (screenplay), Troy Byer (screenplay), Michael Swerdlick (screenplay)
Stars: George Cedar, Jackie Benoit, Jordan Burg, Nick Cannon
FULL CAST: Love Don't Cost a Thing (2003) - Full Cast and Crew
Runtime: 100 min
Rated: PG-13
Type: movie
Year: 2003
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance
Quality: HD
Language: English
Released: 12 Dec 2003
|Storyline: Highschool loser (Cannon) pays a cheerleader (Milian) to pose as his girlfriend so he can be considered cool. Remake of 1987' Can't Buy Me Love, starring Patrick Dempsey.
Tip: If the video does not play, just reload the page after 2 minutes.


text:
Jets agree to terms with K Feely
FLORHAM PARK, New Jersey (Ticker)—The New York Jets wasted little time finding a replacement placekicker.
The Jets on Wednesday agreed to a one-year deal with Jay Feely just hours after Mike Nugent signed a free-agent deal with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
Glenn Schwartzman, the agent for Feely, confirmed the signing to PA SportsTicker.
Feely was signed by the Jets when Nugent was injured in Week One last season. He converted 24-of-28 field-goal attempts, converting both chances of 50-plus yards.
An eight-year veteran, Feely, 32, has connected on 201-of-247 field goals with the Jets, Miami Dolphins, New York Giants and Atlanta Falcons.
Yahoo! Sports Fantasy Football 2012 registration is now open. Sign up today!
Updated Wednesday, Mar 4, 2009


text:
Minnesota, National Long Term Care Advocates: Pending Bush Medicare Cut Hurts State's Rural Seniors
MINNEAPOLIS, May 29 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- With federal lawmakers back in Minnesota this week for the Memorial Day district work period, state and national long term care advocates today urged the state's U.S. Senators and House members to publicly oppose the Bush Administration's planned regulatory cuts to seniors' Medicare Part A nursing home benefits - cuts a new national study finds will pose a direct threat to rural seniors' nursing home care and to facilities' ongoing operations.
At issue is the fact the Bush Administration issued a proposed regulation on May 1, 2008 that would, according to a new analysis by the American Health Care Association (AHCA), cut rural seniors' Medicare-financed nursing home care by $133.2 million nationally for FY 2009. In rural Minnesota, the cut will total $3.7 million in the year ahead - with a Patient per Day (PPD) impact of $11.57 per rural Minnesota Medicare beneficiary, according to the data.
Patti Cullen, President and CEO of the Care Providers of Minnesota (CPM), warned the Bush Administration's new regulatory-driven Medicare cuts, in conjunction with the ongoing crisis surrounding state Medicaid rates that already underpay nursing homes for the cost of providing skilled nursing care, will only further undermine facility care and their ability to serve seniors' needs. Specifically, she said, "The Medicare cuts will not only place the jobs of key front line caregivers in jeopardy - the very direct care staff that make a difference in patient outcomes - but further undermine facility quality improvement initiatives that are making a positive difference."
Continued Cullen: "The Bush Administration's Medicare cuts, coupled with existing state Medicaid under funding, will severely destabilize our many rural facilities already in danger of closing their doors. Consequently, the ongoing care access needs of seniors throughout rural Minnesota have never been in greater jeopardy, and we urgently need our U.S. Senators and House Members to publicly oppose this illogical, hurtful regulation, which will automatically go into effect this summer unless the White House is prevented from doing so."
Lori Porter, a co-founder and CEO of the National Association of Health Care Assistants, and a founding member of the National Coalition to Protect Senior Care, based in Joplin, MO, said, "The Bush Administration's single-minded effort to implement regulatory-driven Medicare cuts will undercut care in Minnesota's rural communities, and add to facilities' already onerous challenge of contending with rising wage rates and ever-higher energy prices."
Porter said despite the fact the Bush Administration has worked successfully with the long term care profession to implement a variety of quality improvement programs that have helped seniors, this new effort to cut Medicare with little or no public discussion will contribute to reversing these efforts, and is "disturbing, wrong and highly counterproductive." Stated Porter: "Cuts to Medicare beneficiaries' nursing home care has raised the legitimate ire of senior and frontline caregiver alike throughout rural Minnesota - and to help ensure the Administration's regulation is not put into effect, we will further publicize how these funding cuts will hurt rural America over the Memorial Day congressional recess."
"Rural seniors are disproportionately older, poorer and suffer from more chronic disease than their urban counterparts," said Maggie Elehwany, Vice President of Government Affairs and Policy for the National Rural Health Association, a Coalition to Protect Senior Care member organization. "These seniors are tru
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Nagpur Police released job notification for 08 Legal Officer Posts. Find Nagpur Police Recruitment 2016 details for posts, age limit, education, experience and other eligibility criteria by official source.
Jobs Opportunity in Nagpur Police details:
Total : 08 Jobs
|Age Limit
|Legal officer Group-A
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|45 Years
|Legal officer Group-B
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Educational Qualification: Candidates should have to follow the notification of Nagpur Police Recruitment 2016 for eligibility details.
How To Apply: Candidates seeking Government jobs in Nagpur, Maharashtra for the above mention posts may send application along with all required documents to the address given in notification below.
The Commissioner of Police Office, Nagpur,
Ladies club, Civil line Nagpur – 440001
Important Date:
Last date for Application: 08/03/2016
More details and Nagpur Police Jobs Notification 2016 Click here


text:
Question about D-Link AirPlus DI-524 Wireless Router
My subject says it all
Posted by grajput29 on
Could u help me with step by step instruction i dont know what is going wrong
Hi there,
Well, on my screen, your subject cuts off after the word 'were' so can't tell you much there. First thing to try is unplug both the modem and the router. Wait 30 seconds, plug in the modem. Another 30 seconds later plug in the router. After a minute or so you should be good unless there's a configuration issue. If so, reply and we'll walk you through it.
Posted on Sep 17, 2008
Hi again,
I can help you through it if I have a better idea of what the problem is. As mentioned, your subject line only says 'How Do i connect i tried once all the settings were...' so I don't have any idea where the problem lies. If you can include some details we'll get you through it.
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