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DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance Philip Barlow, Associate Commissioner D.C. Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking April 11, 2012
1.Workers Compensation Insurance 2.Business Property and Liability Insurance 3.Auto Insurance for Commercial Vehicles 4.Group Health and Group Disability Insurance 5.Group Life insurance 6.Home-Based Business Insurance Presentation Overview 2 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Workers compensation coverage protects a business owner from claims by employees who experience a work- related injury or illness – either sustained on business premises or due to business operations. Employers Liability coverage protects the employer against work related injuries not covered under workers compensation; such as, an obligation to pay damages because of a wrongful death claim, suits alleging negligence or failure to provide safe working conditions Workers Compensation Insurance 3 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance Most Workers Compensation policies offer 2 types of coverage
A workers compensation policy covers the employees medical expenses, rehabilitation costs, lost wages, death, and survivor payments. Business owners, independent contractors, domestic employees in private homes, farm workers and unpaid volunteers are usually exempt from workers compensation eligibility. When you first purchase workers compensation insurance, the rate will depend on your payroll and your industry. After a few years, the actual experience of your company will affect the premiums you pay. In the District, most businesses are required to carry workers compensation insurance for their employees. You will need a separate workers compensation policy for this type of coverage. Workers Compensation Insurance 4 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Property insurance Property insurance protects business owners from losses due to damage to physical space or equipment, and as a result of theft. For insurance purposes, a business property includes the physical building in which it resides, as well as its other assets. All of the following, owned or leased, can be considered business property: The actual building Inventory, furniture, machinery, equipment and supplies Computers and other data processing equipment Valuable papers, books and documents Artwork and antiques Television sets, VCRs, DVD players, satellite dishes Signs, fences and outdoor property not attached to a building Non-tangible items such as trademarks and copyrights Business Property and Liability Insurance 5 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
There are three types of property insurance coverage: Basic form, which includes losses resulting from a fire, lightning, windstorm, hail and explosion, plus the cost of removing property to protect it from further damage. Broad form, which includes basic plus extended coverage for other types of perils, such as a roof collapse (e.g. caused by snow or ice), riot and civil commotion, etc. Special form, which includes basic and broad, and covers all direct physical losses except conditions specifically excluded as listed in the policy. With property insurance you can buy either actual cash value or replacement cost insurance. Business Property and Liability Insurance 6 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Liability Insurance If your company, product, work, employee or anything else associated with your company causes physical injury to a client or guest or damages their property or belongings, liability coverage provides compensatory protection Liability insurance, also called Commercial General Liability (CGL), covers four categories of events for which you could be held responsible: –Bodily injury; –Damage to others property; –Personal injury, including slander, libel, and false or misleading advertising. –Medical payment & tenants legal liability (for those who rent or lease their work space).. Business Property and Liability Insurance 7 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
There are three types of legal damages people may sue you for that are typically covered by a CGL policy: Compensatory damages: financial losses suffered by the injured party and future losses they may suffer resulting from an injury they claim. General damages: non-monetary losses suffered by the injured party, such as pain and suffering or mental anguish. Punitive damages: additional penalties and charges a defendant must pay. Standard liability insurance does not protect a business against: Claims from sexual harassment, wrongful termination of employees, failure to employ or promote, or race and gender lawsuits. Claims related to operating an automobile or truck. Professional Liability insurance or Errors and Omissions insurance Business Property and Liability Insurance 8 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Business Interruption/Continuation or Business Income Insurance covers the loss of income that a company suffers after a catastrophe or disaster while the establishment is being rebuilt. It is designed to put the business back in the same financial position if no loss had occurred. The following are typically covered under a business interruption insurance policy: Profits- Profits that would have been earned (based on prior months' financial statements); Fixed Costs- Operating expenses and other costs still being incurred by the property (based on historical costs); Temporary Location- Some policies cover the extra expenses for moving to, and operating from, a temporary location; Extra Expenses- Reimbursement for reasonable expenses (beyond the fixed costs) that allow the business to continue operation while the property is being repaired. This type of coverage cannot be bought separately, but can be added on to the business property insurance policy or a comprehensive package policy. Business Property and Liability Insurance 9 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Business Owners Policy: A Package Solution Many small business owners purchase a business package policy called a BOP – a business owners policy. A BOP typically includes property insurance, business interruption/continuation insurance, crime, and liability insurance. Often it is a less costly option for small businesses than buying a set of individual policies. Many insurers customize BOPs for specific types of businesses. However, a BOP does not cover professional liability (liability claims arising from wrongful practice by professionals), auto insurance, workers compensation, health or disability insurance – all of which need to be purchased separately. Business Property and Liability Insurance 10 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Business Owners Policy: A Package Solution Not all businesses qualify for a BOP. For example, a factory or jewelry store would probably not qualify for a BOP. Those businesses – because of their unique risks – usually require more customized coverage than whats included in a standard BOP. A home-based business or a company with only a few employees may start out with a BOP and then expand its coverage as it grows. Business Property and Liability Insurance 11 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Commercial Auto Insurance All motorized vehicles, whether used for personal or business purposes, need auto insurance. Automobile liability insurance covers medical expenses for injured persons and damages to the property of other individuals as a result of a motor vehicle accident caused by the insureds negligence. While the types of coverage provided by personal and commercial auto insurance policies are essentially the same, there are important distinctions. Typically, commercial auto insurance policies have higher liability limits, for example $1 million. They also may have provisions that cover rented and other non-owned vehicles, including employees cars driven for company business. Several factors related to ownership and use of vehicles determine whether a personal or commercial policy is appropriate. These include: Who owns or leases the vehicle – you individually or the business as an entity Who drives the vehicle – you or your employees How the vehicle is principally used – for example, transporting people, delivering packages or carrying hazardous materials Commercial Auto Insurance 12 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Providing health insurance for employees is the most expensive benefit offered by employers. It is also a useful benefit to help attract and retain good employees. Currently, there is no requirement for a small business to offer health insurance to its employees, but under the federal health care reform legislation, starting in 2014 many businesses will be required to offer health insurance to their employees or pay a fine. Health care reform includes several benefits for small business owners. Small business owners are immediately eligible for a 35% tax credit if they currently cover or choose to now cover their employees under a health insurance plan. This credit will increase to 50% in 2014. This tax credit is available to all small businesses (non-profits included) that have less than 25 full time employees. Group Health & Disability Insurance 13 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Furthermore, all small businesses that have 50 employees or less are exempted from all employer mandates to provide coverage in the new reform law. The District of Columbia is currently working to develop an insurance Exchange for 2014 that will make it easy for a small business to offer expanded health insurance options for employees without an undue administrative burden. The exchange will allow small businesses to negotiate for competitive insurance rates and not be subjected to inflated prices for the same coverage offered to larger companies. Employers in the District of Columbia may want to get involved as the District has established several committees to work with various aspects of the community as we work to implement health care reform. Visit www.healthreform.dc.gov for more information.www.healthreform.dc.gov Group Health & Disability Insurance 14 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Another health related insurance option for business owners to consider is disability insurance. There are two types of disability insurance that cover your employees should they become ill and unable to work: Short term disability, which covers a portion of the employees salary for a shorter period, usually 3-6 months following a disability. The specific time period and percentage of salary replaced varies by policy. Generally short term disability follows a period of sick days paid at 100% of salary. Long term disability, which typically begins after a employee is disabled and unable to work for at least 6 months. Long term disability can extend for a number of years or until the employee reaches age 65 depending on the terms of the policy. Group Health & Disability Insurance 15 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Group Life Insurance Some small business owners offer group life insurance to employees. Group life insurance can be part of an employee benefit plan that is paid for by the employer or a voluntary offering, whereby the employee pays for the coverage. For policies paid by a business owner, the benefit can often be equivalent to a full years salary. These types of policies can be viewed as an added benefit or supplemental to other life coverage an employee may already have. If an employee wants additional coverage on top of what an employer is willing to purchase, for double or triple times his/her salary as an example, he or she may have to pay for it individually instead. Group life insurance policies tend to be less expensive than those purchased individually based on the fact that many group policies are only effective while an employee within the group is employed at that particular company. Most group life insurance is sold on a term basis. Term life insurance pays a death benefit if the policyholder passes away within a specified time period. Group Life Insurance 16 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Home-Based Business Insurance Home-based businesses – those exclusively run from a home and no other location – comprise roughly half of all U.S. businesses and generate a huge amount of economic activity. Home-based businesses – like all businesses – should be properly insured to protect their assets and their owners against certain risks. Often, home- based businesses are underinsured – a fact their owners discover after an incident occurs when they realize the insurance they have is inadequate to address the magnitude of the problem. If your home-based business has employees, most states will require you to purchase workers compensation insurance. Home-Based Business Insurance 17 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
Many home-based business owners believe that their homeowners or renters insurance policy will adequately cover their home-based business. However, that coverage is rarely enough. For example, most homeowners insurance policies limit coverage due to damage or loss of business property to $2,500 in the home and $250 away from their home. –You may be able to add a simple endorsement to your existing homeowners insurance policy that can increase the standard coverage for business equipment. –Some types of home-based businesses may be able to purchase a homeowners liability endorsement to protect you in case someone gets hurt in your home in the course of conducting business. –In-home business policies –Business Owners Policy (BOP) –Business Interruption/Continuation Insurance Home-Based Business Insurance 18 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
All Insurance Consumers Should: Shop Around Examine rates from several companies, making sure to compare plans that offer the same coverage. Protect Yourself Stop. Call. Confirm. www.disb.dc.gov (202)727-8000 Review Annually Each year, check your policies to make sure they continue to meet your changing needs. Be an Educated Insurance Consumer 19 | DoingBusiness2.0: Business Insurance
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50% OFF - After 35 years stored in our attic, this vintage picnic basket is ready once again to be used for your knitting, mending, or perhaps a real picnic. The original lid was made from a particle board material and water stained (see last photo). But it has been recently replaced and now has an added custom-cut layer on the inside bottom. Although there are still some water stains evident (a leaky roof?), it is still sturdy and well made. The top basket rim is double reinforced with nailed slats inside and outside. The bottom frame is a 3/4-inch square with the vertical slats nailed with a similar strip around the bottom. Narrow horizontal slats are 1-inch; vertical ones are 1-1/2. Minor damage to a few of the slats. Overall basket measures 18 by 13 deep inches and 10-1/2 tall (not counting the upright handles).
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 20, 1999
|Filing date
|Jul 1, 1997
|Priority date
|Jan 30, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|George Herbert Needham Riddle, Ashok Naryan Prabhu, Dennis Lee Matthies, Attiganal Narayanaswamy Sreeram
|Original Assignee
|Sarnoff Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (17), Classifications (21), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a division of application Ser. No. 08/655,328, filed May 24 1996 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,931 issued May 5, 1998.
This application claims benefit of provisional 60/010,797 filed Jan. 30, 1996.
The present invention relates to a plasma display and a method for making such a display. More particularly, the present invention relates to a plasma display having a ceramic barrier between the front and back plates of the display and a method of making the same.
Plasma displays operate by selectively exciting an array of glow discharges in a confined rarified noble gas. Full color displays are made by generating a glow discharge in a mixture of gases, such as He-Xe or Ne-Xe gas mixture which generates ultra violet light. The ultra violet light excites phosphors to produce light of the desired color. Such displays have been described in an article by A. Sobel entitled "Plasma Displays" in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, vol., 19, no. 6, Dec. 8, 1991, pgs. 1032-1047 and in an article by P. S. Friedman, entitled "Are Plasma Display Panels a Low-Cost Technology?", in INFORMATION DISPLAY, October 1995, pgs. 22-28.
As shown in FIG. 1, a typical plasma display panel 10 comprises a rear glass substrate 12 having a plurality of substantially parallel, spaced first electrodes 14 on a surface thereof. A thin layer 15 of a dielectric material, such as a glass, covers the electrodes 14. Barrier layers 16 are on the surface of the glass substrate 12 between the first electrodes 14. The barrier layers 16 project from the surface of the substrate 12 a distance greater than the thickness of the first electrodes 14. Red, green and blue (R-G-B) phosphor layers 18, 20 and 22 respectively overlie alternating first electrodes 14 in the spaces between the barriers 16. A front transparent glass substrate 24 overlies the rear glass substrate 12 and rests on the barrier layers 16 so as to be spaced from the rear glass substrate 12 by the barrier layers 16.
An array of substantially parallel, spaced second electrodes 26 are on the inner surface of the front substrate 24 and extend substantially orthogonal to the first electrodes 14. A layer 28 of a dielectric material, typically glasses, covers the second electrodes 26. A layer 29 of MgO covers the dielectric layer 28. Voltages applied to the electrodes in the proper manner excite, maintain and extinguish a plasma in the gas within the region formed by the barriers at the desired times. Addressing of individual pixels is done using external circuitry at the periphery of the panel. Barrier structures ar typically used to confine the discharge to the pixel addressed, eliminating both electrical and optical cross talk between adjacent pixel elements.
In an AC plasma display, the columns of pixels are separated by the barriers, and the first electrodes are arranged beneath the gaps between the barriers. In a DC plasma display, the barrier structures are typically crossed, providing a box-like structure at each pixel element. In the current state of the art, the barriers are formed by multiple, high-precision silk screening steps which cumulatively provide barriers of the desired height and aspect ratio. The height to width aspect ratio for the barriers is determined by the reproducibility of the screening steps and is typically limited to a value of two or three, thereby limiting the obtainable pixel density. It would be desirable to have an alternative means for forming the barrier structures that involve fewer processing steps and provide higher aspect ratios.
The present invention is directed to a display which includes a back panel having a body of glass with a surface. A plurality of spaced, parallel channels are in a surface of the body with upstanding ribs being between the channels. A plurality of spaced, parallel first electrodes are on the body with each electrode extending along a separate one of the channels. A front panel extends over the body and is secured to the back panel. A plurality of spaced, parallel second electrodes are between the front panel and the back panel and extend orthogonally to the first electrodes on the body.
The present invention is also directed to a method of making a display including the steps of forming at least one layer of a green tape with the tape being particles of glass dispersed in a binder. Spaced, parallel channels are formed in the surface of one of the layers of green tape with upright ribs being between the channels. The green tape is fired at a temperature at which the glass particles fuse to form a glass body having the channels in one surface thereof.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a prior art plasma display;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a plasma display panel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the body of the plasma display panel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded front view of a multilayer structure for forming the body of the plasma display panel of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates one method of embossing plasma barriers into green tape, with a section of the resulting embossed tape;
FIG. 6 is a micrograph of embossed barriers formed in a green ceramic tape and fired;
FIG. 7 illustrates another method of embossing barriers into green tape, with a section of the resulting embossed tape; and
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a frame on which one set of electrodes are mounted.
Referring initially to FIG. 2, a plasma display panel of the present invention is generally designated as 30. Display panel 30 comprises a back panel 31 having a substantially flat substrate 32 of a suitable rigid material, such as a metal, ceramic or glass, having flat opposed surfaces 34 and 36. A substrate 32 of a metal is preferred. On the surface 34 of the substrate 32 is a body 38 of glass. As used herein the term "glass" means a material which is either completely vitrified or at least partially vitrified. The glass body 38 is bonded to the substrate 32 by any suitable bonding material. As will be explained later, the body 38 may be made up of a plurality of layers which are fused together or a single glass layer. The body 38 has a plurality of parallel channels 40 in its upper surface 42 which are spaced apart by upstanding barrier ribs 44. The channels 40 are all of substantially the same width. A surface 46 extends along one side of the body 38.
Spaced apart, parallel first electrodes 48 are embedded within the body 38 and extend under and along the bottom of each of the channels 40. However, if desired the first electrodes 48 may be positioned on and along the bottom surfaces of the channels 40 or on the back surface of the body 38 between the body 38 and the substrate 32. Phosphor layers 50 of red, green and blue emitting phosphor material are coated on surfaces, preferably including the bottom surface, of alternating ones of the channels 40.
As shown in FIG. 3, a connecting channel 52 is in the top surface 42 of the body 38 and extends along one end of each of the channels 40. The channel 52 connects all of the channels 40. The channel 52 extends to a hole 53 which extends through the body 38 and the substrate 32 through which the channels can be evacuated and refilled with a plasma gas, as will be explained.
A substantially flat glass front panel 54 extends over the body 38 and is seated on the ribs 44 so as to cover all of the channels 40 and 52, but does not cover the surface 46. The front panel 54 may be secured to the ribs 44 by a suitable bonding material 57, such as a glass frit. Although the front panel 54 must be sealed to the back panel 31 only around the outer edge to retain the discharge gas, it is preferable to bond the front panel 54 to all of the ribs 44. This provides a stronger bond between the front panel 54 and the body 38. One advantage of the stronger bond is that it allows the display to withstand elevated gas pressure within the channels 40. Panels operating at elevated pressure can utilize shorter barriers than panels that operate at low pressure. Shorter barriers can be fabricated with greater ease than tall barriers, particularly when high resolution, requiring a fine barrier pitch, is desired. High pressure discharges also occur more rapidly than low pressure discharges, thereby allowing a higher drive rate and increased light output as desired for bright displays.
On the inner surface 56 of the front panel 54 are a plurality of spaced, parallel, second electrodes 58. The second electrodes 58 extend across the channels 40 orthogonally to the first electrodes 48. The second electrodes 58 may be of a conducting transparent material, such as indium-tin oxide (ITO), or may be of metal films or fine wires. For an AC display, the second electrodes are coated with an insulating material, such as a glass. The electrodes can be connected to external drive electronics by means of connectors, such as flexible ribbon connectors, attached at the periphery of the panel. Preferably, on the surface 46 at the edge of the body 38 are mounted various electrical components 60, such as integrated circuits, capacitors etc., which are connected together to electrical circuits for driving and controlling the plasma display. The first electrodes 48 and the second electrodes 58 are electrically connected to the circuits on the surface 46. However, if desired, the components 60 forming the drive and control circuits may be mounted on the surface 36 of the substrate 32 and connected to the electrodes 48 and 58 either through vias in the substrate 32 and the body 38 or by conductors extending around the edge of the substrate 32 and the body 38. If the components 60 are mounted on the surface 36 of the substrate 32, a layer of an insulating material is provided on the surface 36 to insulated the components 60 from the metal substrate 32.
The display panel 30 is made by first forming the body 38. The body 38 is made by forming a plurality of layers of green tape. Each green tape layer is a mixture of glass particles in a binder of a resin, surfactent and a deglomerating agent in a liquid vehicle. Examples of materials for such green tape layers are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/467,351, "Method For Producing Laminated, Co-Fired, Ceramic Substrates With Cutouts For Device Placement", now abandoned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/379,266, "Low Loss Dielectric Glasses", now abandoned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/379,264, "Electric Feedthroughs For Ceramic Circuit Board Support Substrates" now U.S Pat. No. 5,565,262, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/379,263 (11634), "Glass Bonding Layer For Ceramic Circuit Board Support Substrate" now U.S. Pat. No. 5,581,876, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/379,265 (11664), "Conductive Via Fill Ink For Ceramic Multilayer Circuit Board On Support Substrates " now U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,451. The disclosure of each of these applications in incorporated herein by reference.
As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of the green tape layers 62, 64, 66 and 68 are stacked in overlapping relation and placed on the surface 34 of a substrate 32 to form a multilayer back panel structure. However, before stacking the green tape layers 62, 64, 66 and 68, a plurality of conductive strips are formed on the surface of an intermediate green tape layer 66 to form the first electrodes 48. The conductive strips can be formed by suitably depositing the conductive material on the green tape layer 66, such as by silk screening or vacuum evaporation, or by merely placing strips of a conductive foil or wire on the surface of the green tape layer 66. Thus, the first electrodes 48 become a part of the multilayer structure.
Channels 40 and 52 are then formed in at least the upper green tape layer 62 of the multilayer structure, such as by pressing or embossing. As shown in FIG. 5, one technique for embossing the channels 40 and 52 in the green tape layer 62 is with a die 70 that is formed, e.g. by etching or electroforming a metal plate, so as to contain the inverse of the desired structures. The die 70 is pressed against the green tape layer 62 at a suitable temperature and pressure to emboss the pattern of the channels 40 and 52 and the ribs 44 into the tape surface, as illustrated in FIG. 6. Alternatively to embossing the channels 40 and 52 into the green tape layer 62 after it is made into the multilayer structure, the green tape layer 62 can be embossed with the channels 40 and 52 prior to being stacked with the other green tape layers 64, 66 and 68.
Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown an alternate technique of embossing the channels 40 and 52 into the green tape layer 62. This technique uses embossing rollers 72 and 74 with the roller 72 having on its surface the inverse of the structure to be embossed. The multilayer structure or a single green tape layer 62 is passed between the rollers 72 and 74 to emboss the channels 40 and 52 and the ribs 44 in the surface thereof.
The channels 40 and 52 can also be formed by cutting or punching out elongated holes through one or more of the green tape layers. When the green tape layers are then stacked to form the multilayer structure there will be provided the channels 40 and 52 and the ribs 44. Since the holes can be cut or punched completely through one or more of the green tape layers, this can provide deeper channels than can be provide by the embossing techniques. In addition, the channels 40 and 52 and ribs 44 can be cast into the green tape layers. Normally the green tape layers are formed by doctor blading the material of the layers onto a sheet of smooth plastic. To cast the channels, the tape is doctor bladed onto a sheet of plastic into which an inverted channel pattern has been molded. When the plastic is peeled away, the channel structure remains in the green tape layer.
The multilayer structure is then fired to a temperature at which the glass in the green tape layers fuses. During the firing of the multilayer structure the liquid vehicle will first evaporate and the resin will serve to bond the glass structure to the substrate. The glass in the green tape layers then fuses together to form a glass body 38 bonded to the substrate 32 with the address electrodes 48 being embedded therein and the channels 40 and 46 and the ribs 44 formed on the surface thereof.
Suitable material systems for the back panel multilayer structure include a copper-molybdenum-copper metal sandwich as the substrate 32 with a MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 glass with a cordierite filler (900-925� C. firing temperature) body 38; a Kovar metal substrate with a MgO-ZnO-B2 O3 glass with a fosterite and cordierte (825-850� C. firing temperature) body; and a copper-stainless steel-copper metal sandwich substrate with a lead borosilicate glass and an alumina filler (775-800� C. firing temperature) body. Other substrate materials include nickel, copper-nickel-copper and stainless steel.
Thus, the steps needed to form the rear panel of the display panel 30 include the following:
1. Green tape layers are prepared by doctor-blading a slurry of glass and binders. The glass is blended to provide desired characteristics including a thermal expansion coefficient matching that of the front panel. Typical tape thickness is 0.05-0.5 mm.
2. A metal core is cut out to a size larger than the desired active size of the plasma rear panel. This cut out metal core is suitably electroplated, if necessary, with a metal that forms a strongly adhering oxide upon firing. Registration markings are subsequently applied as necessary.
3. The metal core from step 2 is then printed with a glaze that provides a strong bond between the blended glass and the metal core and also minimizes x-y shrinkage during a firing/co-firing operation.
4. Layers of green tape from step 1 are blanked out to size, punched to provide via holes as needed, and with alignment markings, pinholes are punched in for precise registration. Conductors are printed to form electrodes and connections to drive chips to be attached as needed. In order to eliminate x-y shrinkage a layer of inert, non-sinterable material is applied at the very top of the tape stack of the green-tapes. This inert layer can be either in the form of a tape by itself or can be screen printed as an ink on top of the green tape that forms the top layer. The chemical formulation of this inert and nonsinterable material can be alumina, zirconia, boron nitride or any refractory material or any combination of such.
5. The above multiple green tape layers of the glass are stacked along with the inert layer on to a laminating fixture and laminated hot (at temperatures at or above the glass-transition temperature of the resins used as binders in fabricating the green tapes) in a lamination press at a pressure high enough to give a suitable particle packing density in the laminate. The number of tapes to be used is determined in part by the cofired barrier height and the individual green and cofired tape thickness.
6. The laminate from step 5 is embossed to provide the barrier and channel pattern required for the plasma rear panel. This can be accomplished as an additional step or may be combined with step 5.
Embossing is done by using a die which has the inverse of the desired barrier and channel patterns. However, the shape of the inverse barrier in the die can be orthogonal or tapered. The die material can be any metal or metal alloy. If embossing is done as a separate step, it is necessary to use an embossing pressure equal to or higher than the laminating pressure to again achieve desired particle packing density. The embossing pressure and die design is also dependent upon the desired cofired barrier height taking into account the z-shrinkage of the green tape and inert layer. Typical barrier height is 0.05-0.2 mm. A mold release can be applied to the embossing die to eliminate stickiness of the green tape to the die.
7. The embossed stack from step 6 is colaminated to the metal core. This is also done by hot pressing, but at pressures lower than the ones encountered in steps 5 and 6 to prevent distortion of the embossed barriers. With flexible materials and tolling/fixture systems steps 5 through 7 may be combined into one step.
8. The colaminated stack (glass on metal) is then cofired to form a multilayer board. The inert material is removed from the cofired board by simple washing process.
9. Tricolor UV plasma phosphors are deposited in the channels and each color separated by the embossed barriers. The phosphor powder is blended with organic binders and deposited in the channels by screen printing after proper alignment. Alternatively, the phosphor powders suspended in a solvent-resin mixture may be sprayed into the channels through a suitable mask. The multilayer board is then dried in an over and fired to bake out the organic binders in the phosphors.
1. Green tape layers were prepared by doctor-blading a slurry of MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 glass-ceramic system with filler materials and binder system. The inert and non-sinterable top layer was made also in the form of a green tape with Al2 O3 powder and binders. All the tapes were blanked and punched with registration markings.
2. The green tapes were then stacked up and laminated in a hot press at 90� C. and 110 psi to get the desired laminate.
3. Embossing was done at 90� C. using a machined brass die with the inverse of the channel-barrier pattern at 1500 psi. A mold release was brushed onto the embossing die prior to embossing. The mold release formulation consisted of a surfactant-solvent mixture compatible with the binder system of the green tape such that the laminate did not stick to or tear off to the die.
The die was designed to give 0.25 mm wide barriers on a 0.625 mm pitch and 0.1 mm cofired barrier height. Modifications to the embossing technique (mainly lamination and embossing pressure) has also resulted in reproducible fabrication of cofired barrier height of 0.15 mm using the same embossing die.
4. A metal core used was a suitably glazed Cu-Mo-Cu system. Colamination of the embossed stack was done in a hot lamination press at 60 psi and 90� C.
5. After cofiring at 910� C., the alumina layer is washed off ultrasonically and the tricolor phosphors printed in three steps using a separate screen for each color. The phosphor baking process was done at 720� C.
The electrical components 60 may then be mounted on the surface 46 and electrically connected together and to the first electrodes to form the desired drive and control circuit. The front panel 54 is then placed over the back panel 31 and seated on the ribs 44. A bonding frit is placed on the ribs 44 so as to bond the front panel 54 to the ribs 44. The front panel 54 is first provided with the second electrodes 58 on its inner surface. The second electrodes can be coated on the inner surface of the front panel 54 by any desired technique, such as silk screening or vacuum evaporation. Alternatively, the second electrodes 58 may be a plurality of spaced, parallel wires stretched across the front panel 54 or the ribs 44. As shown in FIG. 8, spaced, parallel wires 76 are stretched across and strung between two parallel sides of a rectangular frame 78 and secured to the frame 78. The frame 78 can then be placed across the back panel with the wires 76 being seated on the ribs 44. The front panel 54 is then seated on the ribs and sealed thereto. The ends of the wires 76 can then be cut and the frame 78 removed. For an AC display, the wires 76 are coated with an insulating layer, preferably a layer of a glass either before or after being mounted on the frame 78. The ends of the wires 76 can be left bare of glass so that they can be easily electrically connected to the electrical drive circuit. The channels 40 are then evacuated by drawing a vacuum through the hole 53 in the back panel 31 and the connecting channel 52. The channels 40 are then filled with a suitable plasma gas through the hole 53 and the hole 53 is then sealed.
Thus, there is provided by the present invention a plasma display in which a glass body is mounted on a substrate and is provided with an array of channels and ribs on a surface thereof. Address electrodes are formed either within the body or on a surface thereof with the first electrodes extending along the bottom of the channels. Different color emitting phosphors may be provided within the channels. A front panel is mounted over the channels and is seated on and secured to the ribs. Second electrodes are provided between the front panel and the ribs. Electrical components can be mounted on the body and electrically connected together and to the electrodes to provide a drive and control circuit for the panel.
The preferred multilayer structure of the back panel provides a cost effective technology for manufacturing plasma displays. A metal substrate adds substantial strength and resistance to breakage. The process of forming the channels is simpler and less expensive than glass technology. Crossed x-y conductors on the base structure eliminate a need for wiring on the overlying glass. In the multilayer glass structure, signals can be passed along many layers, increasing the range of addressing options.
Although the display of the present invention has been described as a plasma display, it can be of any type of display, such as a vacuum flourescent display, which has similar structure. Also, although the display of the present invention has been described as having a single set of spaced, parallel ribs forming spaced parallel channels therebetween, the display may also have a second set of ribs extending substantially orthogonally to and extending across at least some of the first set of ribs to form individual chambers between the ribs.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 10, 1971
|Aug 28, 1973
|Philips Corp
|Method of manufacturing a gas discharge panel and panel manufactured by said method
|Nov 22, 1974
|Mar 2, 1976
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Gas discharge panel
|Jan 14, 1980
|Mar 17, 1981
|Modern Controls, Inc.
|Method of constructing layered glass display panels
|Oct 1, 1979
|Jun 2, 1981
|Burroughs Corporation
|Method of forming conductors in slots in a plate
|Aug 4, 1980
|Feb 22, 1983
|Wiech Raymond E Jr
|Method of fabricating complex micro-circuit boards and substrates
|May 2, 1983
|Apr 9, 1985
|Burroughs Corporation
|Self-scan gas discharge display panel
|Aug 8, 1983
|Oct 8, 1985
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Process for forming a pattern of metallurgy on the top of a ceramic substrate
|Oct 9, 1986
|Aug 16, 1988
|Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Production method for channel plate
|Jul 3, 1991
|Nov 17, 1992
|Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd.
|Plasma display panel with arc-shaped cathodes
|Jun 1, 1992
|Aug 31, 1993
|Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation
|Method of forming recessed patterns in insulating substrates
|Feb 23, 1993
|May 3, 1994
|Corning Incorporated
|Method of making extrusion dies from powders
|Apr 10, 1992
|Jun 13, 1995
|Silicon Video Corporation
|Self supporting flat video display
|Aug 3, 1994
|Aug 8, 1995
|Tektronix, Inc.
|Plasma addressing structure with wide or transparent reference electrode
|Nov 29, 1993
|Oct 15, 1996
|Reveo, Inc.
|Microchannel plate technology
|Nov 24, 1993
|Feb 4, 1997
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Method of producing a ceramic electronic device
|Jun 22, 1993
|Nov 11, 1997
|Candescent Technologies Corporation
|Flat panel device with ceramic backplate
|Mar 5, 1996
|Feb 3, 1998
|Asahi Glass Company Ltd.
|Plasma display panel
|Apr 9, 1996
|Mar 3, 1998
|Electro Plasma, Inc.
|Flat-panel display
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 31, 1998
|Dec 5, 2000
|Fujitsu Limited
|Method for forming phosphor layers of plasma display panel
|May 29, 1998
|May 22, 2001
|Fujitsu Limited
|Gas discharge panel having gas flow barriers and evacuation method thereof
|Oct 18, 2000
|May 28, 2002
|Fujitsu Limited
|Apparatus for forming phosphor layers of plasma display panel
|Jul 3, 2001
|Apr 29, 2003
|Max Levy Autograph, Inc.
|Method of making a high-density electronic circuit
|Jan 23, 2002
|Apr 10, 2007
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Fibers and ribbons containing phosphor, conductive metals or dielectric particles for use in the manufacture of flat panel displays
|Sep 28, 2004
|May 27, 2008
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Plasma display panel and method of manufacturing the same
|Feb 14, 2006
|Nov 8, 2011
|Fatuba Corporation
|IC chip coating material and vacuum fluorescent display device using same
|Oct 9, 2009
|Jul 23, 2013
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Shorted test structure
|Dec 20, 2011
|Aug 12, 2014
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor structure
|Oct 15, 2013
|Mar 15, 2016
|Samsung Display Co., Ltd.
|Printed circuit board, display device and method of manufacturing printed circuit board
|Jun 1, 2001
|Feb 14, 2002
|Complete Substrate Solutions Limited
|Visual display
|Jan 23, 2002
|Mar 18, 2004
|Che-Hsiung Hsu
|Fibers and ribbons containing phosphor, conductive metals or dielectric particles for use in the manufacture of flat panel displays
|Sep 28, 2004
|Apr 7, 2005
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Plasma display panel and method of manufacturing the same
|Feb 14, 2006
|Aug 17, 2006
|Futaba Corporation
|IC chip coating material and vacuum fluorescent display device using same
|Feb 14, 2006
|Jul 31, 2014
|Futaba Corp.
|IC-Chip-Beschichtungsmaterial sowie Zwischenprodukt und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vakuumfluoreszenzdisplayvorrichtung
|Jul 17, 2000
|Feb 1, 2001
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Display panel
|Jul 17, 2000
|Dec 6, 2001
|Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv
|Display panel
|U.S. Classification
|156/89.16, 156/219, 156/246, 156/250, 156/257, 313/581, 156/89.11, 156/89.12, 156/89.28
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 26, 1999
Owner name: SARNOFF CORPORATION, NEW JERSEY
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:DAVID SARNOFF RESEARCH CENTER, INC.;REEL/FRAME:009784/0637
Effective date: 19970404
|Jan 17, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 22, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 20, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Brown Fused Alumina F12 F220 - Chinaprice: contact company for price
Refractory/ Fireproof
Brown Fused Alumina contains 94% - 97% Aluminium Oxide( Al2O3) which makes it an material which resists high temperature, corrosion and has good thermal conductivity. It is an ideal raw mineral for shaped and unshaped refractory products and fireproof products, especially in steel making industry.
High Strength
Brown Fused Alumina contains Al2O3 and little content of Titanium Oxide( TiO2) and Iron Oxide( Fe2O3) and is a very tough material with 9 grade mosh hardness. This character makes it good for cutting, abrasives, polishing, lapping of various materials and can be used durably and recycled.
Sharp Grain
During fusion, Brown Fused Alumina is made a crystal material with sharp edges and ideal for durable grinding, polishing and abrasives. During blasting industry, BFA grains are used as a blasting media to prepare surface of metal, ceramic, wood and other materials.
High Density
Brown Fused Alumina is a dense material with high bulk density and true gravity. It is used as a material in casting and water purifying processes.
BFA Properties
Physical Specifications
Color Brown
Grain Shape Angular or Sharp Edged
Mosh Hardness 9
Melting Point 1950℃
True Gravity 3.6g/ cm3- 4.1g/ cm3
Bulk Density 1.5g/ cm3- 2.2g/ cm3
Chemical Specifications
Aluminium Oxide( Al2O3) 93.5% - 97% depending on sizes
Iron Oxide( Fe2O3) 0.3% max
Titanium Oxide( TiO2) 1.8% - 2.5%
Silicon Oxide( SiO2) 1.5% max
BFA Standard Sizes & Applications
Refractory Bricks, Furnace Lining, Crucibles, Pre- Casting, Gunning Material, Refractory Mortars, Refractory Castables:
0- 0.2mm, 0- 0.5mm, 0.5- 1mm, 1- 3mm, 3- 5mm, 5- 8mm, 100mesh, 200mesh, 325mesh
Typical Particle Distribution( Sieving) and Chemcial Specifications
Typical Particle Distribution Grit# MaximumSize Big Size Basic Size Mixed Size Small Size
0- 1mm 0 6
1- 3mm 0 6 3
3- 5mm 0 6 2.5
5- 10mm 0 7 2.5
Typical Chemical Analysis SiO2 AL2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 Fixed Furnace Material
0- 1mm 1.38% 95.19% 0.16% 2.22%
1- 3mm 1.34% 95.21% 0.17% 2.15%
3- 5mm 1.36% 95.23% 0.14% 2.18%
5- 10mm 1.37% 95.35% 0.15% 2.19%
SiO2 AL2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 Tilting Furnace Material
0- 1mm 1.01% 95.55% 0.13% 2.13%
1- 3mm 0.98% 95.66% 0.12% 1.98%
3- 5mm 0.94% 95.59% 0.13% 1.95%
5- 10mm 0.93% 95.70% 0.10% 1.92%
Resin or Vitrifed Bonded Abrasives, Grinding Wheels, Cutting Discs, Lapping, Sandblasting, Polishing, Aluminium Oxide Coating, Aluminium Oxide Painting:
FEPA Sizes: F8, F10, F12, F14, F16, F20, F22, F24, F30, F36, F40, F46, F54, F60, F70, F80, F90, F100, F120, F150, F180, F220, F280, F320, F400, F500, F600, F800, F1000, F1200, F1500
Brown Fused Alumina FEPA Sizes for Bonded Abrasives and Blasting( Fixed Furnace)
Company Contact:
- Posted By: WWW.ZHONGSEN-REFRACTORY.COM
- Phone: 15737955749
- Address: dukang, Luoyang, China
- Email:
- Website: http://www.zhongsen-refractory.com/
Published date: November 26, 2015 -
- Business Description: We are the manufacture of brown fused alumina,white fused alumina,siliconcarbide. we have long export experience, with the customer from Europe,Japan,Korea and so on.We are a China producer and supplier of Brown Fused Alumina,White Fused Alumina,Vice White Fused Alumina for refractories,abrasives,blasting and surface preparation and other industries. BFA and WA are two of the most important refractory minerals and abrasives media.
We make FEPA,JIS,GB,ANSI and other standard F8 F2000 for bonded abrasives,P8 P220 for coated abrasives,0 1 3 5mm for refractories. And other sizes made to customers' request. Also make second grade BFA, BFA Dust Collector Fines(DCF), FeSi and other related minerals.
Related listings
Brown Fused Alumina 0 1 3 5 10mmMetals - Aluminum - Powder - WWW.ZHONGSEN-REFRACTORY.COM - China - November 26, 2015 - contact company for price
BFA Characters Refractory/ Fireproof Brown Fused Alumina contains 94% - 97% Aluminium Oxide( Al2O3) which makes it an material which resists high temperature, corrosion and has good thermal conductivity. It is an ideal raw mineral for shaped and unsh...
Metal Metallurgy ChinaMetals - Aluminum - Powder - CIEC Exhibition Co., Ltd., CIEC Group Corp. - China - April 16, 2015 - contact company for price
Metal + Metallurgy China — A One- stop Cost- effectiveTrading Platform of Equipment Manufacturing Industry Machinery, Technology and Products with Full Breadth–Total Solution for Marketing Your Products in China and the World With a history ...
Good Quality Low Price Aluminum Alloy Wire Made In ChinaMetals - Aluminum - Powder - Shenzhou Senxin Aluminum Co., Ltd. - China - January 8, 2015 - contact company for price
Supply from stock, Aluminum magnesium wire Fine price of Aluminum alloy wire with widely application 1. widely application 2. Diameter: 0.12- 7mm 3. good tensile strength 4. Type: bare 5. Surface treatment: oxidized 6. density: 2.78g/ cm3 7. Name: Al...
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text:
× View Today's Deals
You missed it This great deal for British Swim School is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
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British Swim School
One Month of Twice-Weekly Swimming Lessons
deal over
deal over!
88% recommendedin LivingSocial customer ratings
Renowned British swimmer Rita Goldberg founded the nationwide indoor swimming school, and with this deal for six South Florida locations, her and her team of coaches are continuing to help all ages safely make a splash in the water:
• $95 ($191 value) for one month of swimming lessons in indoor heated pools
• Includes two classes per week, waived registration, and a swim cap
• Little ones as young as 3 months can partake in this drowning-prevention course
British Swim School's Website
PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON February 27, 2022
PROMOTIONAL VALUE EXPIRES ON July 31, 2013
2084 North University Drive, Sunrise, FL 33322
954-747-7251 | get directions
9800 West Atlantic Boulevard, Coral Springs, FL 33071
954-341-1718 | get directions
8333 Pines Boulevard, Hollywood, FL 33024
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text:
Nicole Koch
August 1, 2012
Bruce Elliott
Human Digestion Summary
The digestive system provides two main functions, absorption and digestion. The main part of the digestive system is the gastrointestinal tract also referred to as the GI tract. This runs all the way from the mouth to the anus, about thirty feet long. The GI tract is made up of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. The transit time is the amount of time it takes for food to pass through the length of the gastrointestinal tract. Transit time normally takes any where from twenty-four hours to seventy-two hours. The time it takes is affected by the composition of the diet, physical activity, emotions, medications and illness. Digestion as most know starts in the mouth. Your food is ground up by your teeth and when you are chewing your glands make saliva. Saliva is constantly produced but more is made when we are eating. The saliva softens and moistens the food in our mouth. Enzymes in the saliva help break down food so it is easier to swallow. After the mouth the food then moves through the esophagus to the stomach. By the time the food reaches the stomach it is already made into fat, protein, starch and sugar. The stomach muscles contract and relax about three times a minute. This kind of churns the food mixing it with the powerful digestive juices. This process turns food into a liquid called chyme. The chyme then moves through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine. The small intestine is an important part of the digestive process. Actually most of the digestion process occurs here. The first part of the small intestine is called duodenum and is about eight to ten inches long. Chemicals here neutralize the acid so the chyme can continue in the digestive system. Digestive juices from the liver and pancreas enter to mix with the liquid food. These finish breaking down fats, proteins, starches...


text:
The first Great Britain gold of the Games yesterday was a great story — a great story because British Cycling thought it up more than a year ago. If you were watching Nicole Cooke at 10.30 yesterday morning, you might well have thought that she had blown it on that last bend, but no, even that bit was planned, too.
After 3½ hours of the road race yesterday and drenched from monumental rainstorms, Cooke and a group of four other riders completed the final, long descent of the race, swung right round the final significant bend to head into a


text:
Anderson lands third Dew Cup title
December 14, 2012
When South Lake Tahoe's Jamie Anderson landed her final slopestyle jump, the crowd was sure she'd go down.
Instead, hard work from summer training paid off as she sunk low in her thighs and slowly rose out of the jump to carve a turn to the camera crews at the base of the course.
"She's making the statement she's here to battle it out with her good friend Spencer," the announcers said over the loudspeakers.
Anderson's recovery finished up the rest of her stellar run, which judges awarded with a score of 96.00 to put Anderson on top of the podium and make her the recipient of the Dew Cup in women's snowboard slopestyle Friday afternoon.
"I went really big, which the judges like," Anderson said of her final air. She thanked Mother Earth and her back for helping her land the jump.
Anderson's score bumped Canada's Spencer O'Brien into second place with a 90.00 and Finland's Enni Rukajarvi's second run score of 82.75 wasn't enough to catch either of the top contenders.
O'Brien and Anderson each had two Dew Cups to their name, and now Anderson has landed a third.
"Me and Jamie have split the Dew Cup over the years," O'Brien said. "She's a great competitor and she inspires me to do my best runs. I hope I can be the same inspiration to her."
The sun broke through the clouds by early afternoon, with a window just large enough for the snowboarders to execute their runs before full flat light took over.
"It was doing pretty good with the flat light, but it's better (to have the sun out)," Rukajarvi said. She added that she's used to riding under cloudy skies – and even in the dark – so she's not as affected as some other athletes might be by lack of depth in the field.
"I'm just so thankful for Mother Earth providing blue skies for 30 minutes," Anderson added. "it really helped a lot and got all our energy up."
She continued, "I've been training so hard this summer – eating pure, organic food … I've been to Meta Yoga here in town and have been just trying to connect mind, body and spirit and not be attached to the outcome."
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text:
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text: I was watching the ongoing horror of what has happened at Penn State. But I watched it from the viewpoint of what the University did and didn't do. I was praying that it would never happen at our church, but also trying to think through what policies we have now in place to make certain that if it does happen and is seen, that it is reported and dealt with. What policies do you have in place at your church, both written and unwritten? What has Penn State done and not done that was can learn from?


text:
Is Hope & Harder Insurance Brokers incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
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Hotfrog Canada provides information regarding Hope & Harder Insurance Brokers in Thorold ON. Hope & Harder Insurance Brokers is located at 45 Ormond St N, Thorold ON L2V 1Y9 and provides Insurance services. Contact them on (905) 227-6631 or by visiting them on their website http://www.hopeharder.ca/.
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text:
Except Pickup Models
- Take off the protective cap from the upper mounting nut.
- Remove the insulator, upper mounting nut and retainer.
- Raise and support the vehicle.
- Take off the lower shock mounting bolt.
- Take off the shock and spring assembly.
- Installation is the reverse of removal. Tighten the lower mounting bolt to 40 ft. lbs. (54 Nm), the upper nut to 20 ft. lbs. (27 Nm).
- Raise and support the truck.
- Take off the nuts and bolts securing the upper and lower ends of the shock absorber.
- Remove the shock absorber and inspect the rubber eye and bushings. If these are defective, replace the shock absorber assembly.
- Installation is the reverse of the removal.
- Refer to the illustration for tightening specifications.


text:
#XboxPlayAnywhere #XboxOne – Xbox Play Anywhere Lets You Bring Your Saves, Achievements, and Game Add-Ons With You : Xbox players will be happy to find out that they will soon be able to bring their saves, game add-ons, and achievements anywhere they go with the new Xbox feature called Play Anywhere.
Microsoft has announced their Play Anywhere program during the 2016 E3 conference which took place earlier this year. The program allows players to buy an Xbox Play Anywhere digital game which can run on both Xbox One and Microsoft 10 PC without paying any additional cost.
Still, at the beginning phase of the program, Microsoft has been testing their Play Anywhere program with Forza 3 and Gears of War 4 as their flagship games. With these big titles already using the system, Microsoft's Phil Spencer is very positive and looking forward to more popular game titles using the Play Anywhere system.
He disclosed that a lot of small and indie game publishers have already signed up for the program and he thinks that larger companies are just waiting for the right time to join the system because they want to see first how it will turn out. He added that most of the doubts probably comes from the fear that they are giving away two games for the price of one.
"Really what you're doing is you're just allowing the customer you already have to play your game more often. In today's world, engagement on games is more engagement on games, and is almost always a good thing, given multiplayer and the business models around those games," he reasoned out to address the issue and to drive his point home.
Aside from the benefits mentioned earlier, one big advantage, perhaps, of Play Anywhere is that it only lets players pay a one-time payment to play their favorite games in both Xbox One and Windows 10 PC. Source: itechpost


text:
Sweet N Blow Mint Throat Spray
Style #: BT.210-03057
Size Unavailable
Details and Notes
Take your oral sex deeper with Sweeten'D Blow oral desensitizing spray. Simply spray it in your mouth and the liquid will coat the back of your throat and the active ingredients suppress your gag reflex, so you are free to give a blow job that he won't forget! One ounce spray bottle.


text:
VIDEO: Face To Face – Right As Rain
June 1st, 2013
Punk rockers Face To Face have unveiled a new music video to accompany their new single, 'Right As Rain'. You can stream and watch the full video via the embed below:
June 1st, 2013
Punk rockers Face To Face have unveiled a new music video to accompany their new single, 'Right As Rain'. You can stream and watch the full video via the embed below:
April 8th, 2013
Release Date: April 8th, 2013
Label: Rise Records
Website: www.facetofacemusic.com
Facebook: www.facebook.com/facetoface
Twitter: www.twitter.com/facetofacemusic
Every now and then, hardcore punk fans like me need to get up on our hipster high horse and complain about something. After we're done planning our next Black Flag tattoo, we'll make ourselves some dark coffee, hop onto our Twitter accounts and complain about one thing: pop-punk.
February 20th, 2013
Face To Face have just become the latest act to join the Rise Records roster, through which they will be releasing their new studio effort, titled 'Three Chords And A Half Truth', on April 9th 2013. You can view the album's artwork and full tracklisting below:
May 17th, 2011
Release Date: May 17th, 2011
Label: Antagonist Records
Website: www.facetofacemusic.com
MySpace: www.myspace.com/facetofacepunk
Californian punk rockers Face To Face have re-united after a four year hiatus and with their seventh studio album, 'Laugh Now, Laugh Later'. After 11 years, guitarist Chad Yaro is back on board and with this under their belts, they are off on a world tour and will be tearing up Leeds Festival later on this Summer.
May 8th, 2011
This year's Reading/Leeds Festivals have announced more acts for their Lock Up Stage. Bands peforming on the stage this year are as follows: The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Descendents, The King Blues, Flogging Molly, The Bronx, Capdown, Face To Face, Leftover Crack, Hot Water Music, Comeback Kid, Bedouin Soundclash, Boysetsfire, Off!, Street Dogs, The Black Pacific, The Menzingers, Teenage Bottlerocket, Your Demise, Title Fight, Spy Catcher, Sharks and Mouthwash.
For more information and to purchase tickets, please visit Reading or Leeds festival official websites.


text: Department Mission: Corvallis Parks and Recreation preserves and creates a community heritage by providing places and programs designed to enhance the quality of life.*******************************************************************************************************All Sports Fields at Willamette Park and the Crystal Lake Sports Complex are closed for the winter. ******************************************************************************************************* School is back in session and it's time for new classes and experiences. Take a look through the Activity Guide, which lists all activities taking place from September through the end of March, 2017. Sign up today, either online, over the phone by calling us a 541-766-6918, or stop by our office at 1310 SW Avery Park Drive. We're open from 8 am - 5 pm, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and from 12 noon - 5 pm Tuesday and Thursday. Childcare Disclaimer Day camps and programs offered by Corvallis Parks and Recreation are not designated "Certified Child Care" for tax and other purposes. For information on certified child care, visit www.oregon.gov. Events Restorative Yoga Workshop March 11, 2017 | 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM Arts and Culture Advisory Board March 15, 2017 | 5:30 PM Parks, Natural Areas and Recreation Advisory Board March 16, 2017 | 6:30 PM Arts and Culture Advisory Board April 19, 2017 | 5:30 PM Parks, Natural Areas and Recreation Advisory Board April 20, 2017 | 6:30 PM More Events Free viewers are required for some of the attached documents. They can be downloaded by clicking on the icons below. Last updated: 12/13/2016 2:13:48 PM


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A hand wrapped, custom built gift box that includes a personalized card and the following contents:
1 × B. Toffee
2 × Herban Essentials // Lavender Handwipes
1 × Small Potted Succulent
1 × The Honest Company // Sea Salt + Sugar Body Scrub
1 × Tops Malibu // Heart Sparkler
Ready to build your own BOXFOX?
It's easy - Pick out your perfect products from our shop, fill up your box, and we'll send it off to your lucky fox(es). Done and done.


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Oroville has 13,004 residents. It is located in Butte county.
For California residents, the average tuition for all Oroville math schools for the 2009 - 2010 school year was $624.00. For non-residents, the average tuition for Oroville math schools was $5,184.00.
Books and supplies for math schools in Oroville cost an average of $1,666.00. There is one math college in Oroville for students to choose from. In the 2008 - 2009 school year, reportedly 4 students completed math programs in Oroville.


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Lot 23 Deer Creek UNIT 23,Maggie Valley NC, 28751
Status: Active
Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Great Smokys Realty
(828) 736-3556
Last Updated: 2/26/2017 2:23 PM
Description for Lot 23 Deer Creek UNIT 23 Maggie Valley, NC 28751
.78 acres with excellent views across Maggie Valley Mountains. Mountain sunsets. Access from 2 streets Timbercreek frontage has the driveway and house pad already cleared and leveled. Deer Creek Trail frontage will also provide for driveway or parking options. 2 BEDROOM SEPTIC ALREADY INSTALLED! Convenience to town, Maggie Valley Country Club, Asheville, Cherokee, Parkway. Golf & Dining at Country Club Open to the Public. www.maggievalleyclub.com for more info on the club.
Listing Information
Holding Tank
School Information
Room Information
Exterior / Lot Features
Greater Than 1 Acre
Driving Directions
From Intersection of 276 & 19 in Maggie Valley, go south on 19 .5 mi. Turn right onto MOODY FARM RD. Go .1 mi and Turn right onto COUNTRY CLUB DR. Turn at 2nd right, onto COUNTRY CLUB DR (Club Entrance). Continue Straight on BRIER LN, turn right on LAURE>
Financial Considerations
Inside AccessTM
Current market conditions for Lot 23 Deer Creek UNIT 23
Active Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median list price$249,900
Days on market219
Properties for sale138
Sold Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median sold price$193,000
Sales to list price9,464.0%
Properties sold54
Median sq ft price$120
Arrows indicate 90 day trend
Listing Price History for Lot 23 Deer Creek UNIT 23
Maggie Valley Real Estate
Maggie Valley is located in North Carolina. Maggie Valley, North Carolina 28751 has a population of 1,110.
The median household income in Maggie Valley, North Carolina 28751 is $50,461. The median household income for the surrounding county is $42,089 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Maggie Valley 28751 is 57.3 years.
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Announcement Bonjour mon ami!
Bonjour mon ami!
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Anonymous on 16 Dec, 2009
5 out of 5 stars
Thank you so much! I just can't get enough of your work!! I love the extra card too! Happy Holidays :D
View all 17 reviews 3 of 17 reviews
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Last updated on 17 March, 2011
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As a way to help our environment, I sometimes use cereal box board or any other materials I can use to keep the print safe, but also keep reusing and recycling.


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Another Wednesday, another cover32 Pittsburgh Steelers mailbag.
Let's get to your questions.
I remember another fast, highly touted rookie who reminds me now of Dri Archer: Chris Rainey. Are we looking at a facsimile?
-Carol in Wilkes-Barre
Great question and I'm glad to see where your allegiance is so close to Philly.
From the start, I thought the same thing. I remembered the excitement around Rainey and how much he would help the Steelers on special teams and being that x-factor on offense.
And I was worried about that because Rainey never really fulfilled those expectations.
But since the draft, I've noticed one big difference between Archer and Rainey: attitude.
And there's so much to be said about that.
Archer is out there to prove something (which he has said he already has) and has come to work with a positive, do-anything attitude.
Rainey came into the league already with off-the-field issues and the like.
Mentally, I think Archer is steps ahead of Rainey and watching him during that first preseason game only makes me more excited.
[fanmob id="c5bf02b6-27eb-4203-b1de-fd597b1657c6″]


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MA Theatre and Performance Studies
- Esther Kim Lee
- Head of History/Theory; Head of MA/PhD in Theatre and Performance Studies
- Faedra Chatard Carpenter
- Laurie Frederik
- James Harding
- Franklin J. Hildy
Program News
On Friday, February 10 we celebrated Randy Lord and Steve Fessler's generous gift to the UMD School of Theatre, Dance, and Performance Studies (TDPS).
Congratulations to everyone in the TDPS family—faculty, students, and alumni—who was nominated for a 2017 Helen Hayes Award! We are doing extraordinary work in the DC theatre scene!
Check out this article on Howlround about TDPS' international collaboration with the Kennedy Center's Theater for Young Audiences for last year's New Visions/New Voices festival.


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Chief Engineering
- Kampung Sampireun Resort & SPA
- 0 reviews
- 0 gaji
- Manage the daily activities of the department, plan and organize work, communicate goals and schedule Engineering team to ensure proper coverage.
- Promote teamwork and quality service through daily communication and coordination with other departments.
- Ensure smooth running of the facilities and engineering related operations of the Resort premises
- Effectively plan and manage team deployment and task allocation
- Training and develop technicians in technical terms, provide site specific standard operation procedures and ensure staff follow these procedures
- Supervise the operation, maintenance, and repair of Property equipment, tools, and facilities
- Ensure facility preserves a high level maintenance and appearance
- Provide solutions and improvement on engineering matters
- Manage engineering costs and inventory efficiently and effectively
- Manage engineering administrative file and reports
- Responsible for project engineering related matter such as quality, cost control, determine feasibility technical issues and manufacturing process etc are met with the contractual requirement
- Ensuring all works carried out meet company's quality standards and requirements.
- May also work with contractors to coordinate renovations, remodeling projects and new construction
- To Ensure engineers staff, supervisors, ensure environmental, safety and health practices are carried out at all time
- Other add duties by management assigned from time to time
Requirements :
- Minimum At least 2 years of working experience as Chief Engineer preferred in hotel industry
- Independent, organized, with positive work attitude
- Preferable having good knowledge in HVAC systems
- Good knowledge and practical of electrical installation, wiring system, and mechanical problem solving
- Good knowledge of chiller, air conditioning, water heater and boiler
- Fluent in computer literate is a must
- Excellent leadership, analytical, communication and presentation skill
- Good engineering knowledge and project management skill in evaluation, diagnose and troubles shooting etc.
- Good leadership and communication skill is preferred
- Good communication skill and are able to work in a fast paced environment, be able to work under pressure
- Any relevant certificates in electrical, mechanical engineering or facilities maintenance will be an add advantage.
- Willing to work in Garut.
Lowongan pekerjaan ini kemungkinan telah berakhir.
Deskripsi Perusahaan
Kampung Sampireun is located in Ciparay Village, It's part of West Garut, was built in 1999, with concept "Back to Nature" to expose Sudanese culture, Most of all activity, entertainment , the bungalows taken from that Culture.
Kampung Sampieun is a resort with the touch of traditional Sundanesse village, Having luxurious pines, plants, and other plants arranged harmoniously, the resort establishes the theme " Tropical Garden lust".
Kampung Sampireun is a most enchanted resort for couples who yearn for unique and wonderful honeymoon where every guest will be pampered and the romantic scenery ensures an unforgettable experience. It has fast become a favourite place not only for honeymooners but also for people who want to rekindle their love, Company & family Outing /gathering or simply want to escape from the hustle bustle of big city life.


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The Phenom Trailer (2016)
Major-league rookie pitcher Hopper Gibson has lost his focus. After choking on the mound, he's sent down to the minors and prescribed sessions with an unorthodox sports therapist, who pushes him to uncover the origins of his anxiety.
Watch the official The Phenom 2016 trailer in HD below or find more The Phenom videos on Vidimovie.com.


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Campus Just Got Prettier
Written by Bwog Staff
April 08, 20087:35 pm 7 Comments
Wandering tipster Faith Chang has just spotted model Hilary Rhoda engulfed in machine-made fog on Low steps. She's wearing Christian Louboutin stilettos and leopard-print St. John's knitwear. Two other models, a bevy of photographers, and a couple of catty interns with bad highlights are also present. Rhoda, the current face of Estee Lauder, reportedly looms a good few inches taller than the beta-models at her sides. Run quick and get a look at her famous bushy eyebrows…in person!
Meta-photos of the photo shoot after the jump!
Tags: fog machines, knitwear, low steps, models


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We have applied structured adaptive mesh reenement techniques to the solution of the LDA equations for electronic structure calculations. Local spatial reenement concentrates memory resources and numerical eeort where it is most needed, near the atomic centers and in regions of rapidly varying charge density. The structured grid representation enables us to… (More)
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Panic Room (2002) 720p WEB-DL 900MB
Download Panic Room (2002) 720p WEB-DL 900MB
[toggle title="Plot"]
Storyline: Recently divorced Meg Altman and her daughter Sarah have bought a new home in New York. On their tour around the mansion, they come across the panic room. A room so secure, that no one can get in. When three burglars break in, Meg makes a move to the panic room. But all her troubles don't stop there. The criminals know where she is, and what they require the most in the house is in that very room.
Movie Title: Panic Room (2002)
Director: David Fincher
Stars: Jodie Foster, Kristen Stewart, Forest Whitaker, Dwight Yoakam
Release Date: 29 Mar 2002
Genres: Drama, Thriller
Format: MatRoska (Mkv)
File Size: 900MB
Resolution: 1280×532
Runtime: 01:51:56
Language: English
Subtitles: English [Softcoded] – Muxed
Source: 720p.WEB-DL.DD5.1.H264-RBG
[toggle title="SCREENSHOT"]
Download Panic Room (2002) 720p WEB-DL 900MB
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Philadelphia Robotics Group Message Board › Maker Fair in Queens NY on Sept. 17 & 18.
|A former member
All, I wanted to remind everyone that the Maker Fair is coming to Queens NY on Sept. 17 & 18. We had talked about some of meeting and car pooling to the event. I would like to get a discussion started on who would like to attend and see how and were we could meet.
What are all your thoughts?
|Nelson B.
user 9487903
Egg Harbor City, NJ
Like I said in the meeting, I'm up for it. I'd be into car pooling too, but we should look at those logistics.
It wouldn't be a big deal for me to meet you in Philadelphia. It's 2 and a half hours from my house to NYC but really more considering traffic and finding somewhere to park etc etc, and it's only 45 minutes to Philly.
However, are you going to attend both days? I would consider doing that but I'd be more up for one of the two days.
|A former member
At this weeks meeting we should pin on a map were we all live and then decide what works best.
For now we should put together a list of interested persons. I would be up for ether day (leaning towards Saturday) but only one day for me.
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Para acceder a los documentos con el texto completo, por favor, siga el siguiente enlace: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67357
|Effectiveness and versatility of the biological control of Phytophthora capsisi in pepper by Trichoderma asperellum T34
|Segarra Braunstein, Guillem; Avilés, Manuel, 1955-; Borrero, Celia; Trillas Gay, M. Isabel
|Otros autores:
|Universitat de Barcelona
|Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), one of the most widely grown vegetables worldwide, is susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora capsici. Many biocides have recently been banned in Europe because of human health and environmental concerns. Integrated pest management is a European priority, where biological control together with other agronomic practices should replace pesticide management of plant diseases in the future. Application of different concentrations of the fungus Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 (the in T34 Biocontrol®) on incidence of disease caused by P. capsici in pepper was studied. Different methods of application of the microbial control agent and inoculation of the pathogen were examined. T34 and etridiazole (Terrazole®) were compared for their ability to suppress P. capsici. T34 reduced disease in most of the assayed situations (up to 71% disease reduction), while etridiazole was effective only when applied at the same time as the pathogen. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of the different modes of action of T34 and etridiazole. T34 is a useful biological alternative to chemicals for the control of P. capsici in pepper.
Patologia vegetal
Plant pathology
|(c) Firenze University Press, 2013
|Tipo de documento:
|Publicado por:
|Firenze University Press


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Man Utd Looking for Revenge against Swansea City.
Week 4 of the 2015-16 Premier League season concludes on Sunday, with Manchester United looking to avenge a pair of humbling defeats suffered in Van Gaal's first season in charge of the club.
Swansea City knocked off the eventual fourth-place finishers not one, but twice during the 2014-15 season (both victories came via a 2-1 score). Elsewhere, Southampton return to league action after a frustrating exit from European competition mid-week.
No one at Man United will have forgotten the club's two defeats suffered at the hands of Swansea City last season, and no one will remember the pair of defeats to the Swans more clearly than Van Gaal. Nor will United's Dutch manager forget the late nature of either defeat, with the game-winning goals coming in the 72nd and 73rd minutes, respectively.
For United, the start to the 2015-16 league season has been much more kind, as the Red Devils find themselves unbeaten through three games and one of two teams (Manchester City) yet to conceded a single goal on the still-young season. Wayne Rooney scored a Hatric in UEFA Champions League qualifying action on Wednesday, but he's still searching for his first league goal of the season. On the other side, Swansea's no. 1 striker, Gomis, comes into Sunday's game with three league goals to his name, with summer signing Andrew Ayew a goal back of his total.
United will be without midfielder Adnan januja (hip) and defender Phil Jones (illness) for this one, while the Swans head into Sunday's clash with a clean bill of health.


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Jesus T.S.,University Miguel Hernandez |
Hoenig H.,Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center |
Hoenig H.,Duke University
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | Year: 2015
Abstract There is substantial interest in mechanisms for measuring, reporting, and improving the quality of health care, including postacute care (PAC) and rehabilitation. Unfortunately, current activities generally are either too narrow or too poorly specified to reflect PAC rehabilitation quality of care. In part, this is caused by a lack of a shared conceptual understanding of what construes quality of care in PAC rehabilitation. This article presents the PAC-rehab quality framework: an evidence-based conceptual framework articulating elements specifically pertaining to PAC rehabilitation quality of care. The widely recognized Donabedian structure, process, and outcomes (SPO) model furnished the underlying structure for the PAC-rehab quality framework, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framed the functional outcomes. A comprehensive literature review provided the evidence base to specify elements within the SPO model and ICF-derived framework. A set of macrolevel-outcomes (functional performance, quality of life of patient and caregivers, consumers' experience, place of discharge, health care utilization) were defined for PAC rehabilitation and then related to their (1) immediate and intermediate outcomes, (2) underpinning care processes, (3) supportive team functioning and improvement processes, and (4) underlying care structures. The role of environmental factors and centrality of patients in the framework are explicated as well. Finally, we discuss why outcomes may best measure and reflect the quality of PAC rehabilitation. The PAC-rehab quality framework provides a conceptually sound, evidence-based framework appropriate for quality of care activities across the PAC rehabilitation continuum. © 2015 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Source
Multi-institutional validation of the CAPRA-S score to predict disease recurrence and mortality after radical prostatectomy
Punnen S.,University of California at San Francisco |
Freedland S.J.,Duke University |
Freedland S.J.,Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center |
Presti Jr. J.C.,Stanford University |
And 10 more authors.
European Urology | Year: 2014
Background The University of California, San Francisco, Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical (CAPRA-S) score uses pathologic data from radical prostatectomy (RP) to predict prostate cancer recurrence and mortality. However, this clinical tool has never been validated externally. Objective To validate CAPRA-S in a large, multi-institutional, external database. Design, setting, and participants The Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database consists of 2892 men who underwent RP from 2001 to 2011. With a median follow-up of 58 mo, 2670 men (92%) had complete data to calculate a CAPRA-S score. Intervention RP. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis The main outcome was biochemical recurrence. Performance of CAPRA-S in detecting recurrence was assessed and compared with a validated postoperative nomogram by concordance index (c-index), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. Prediction of cancer-specific mortality was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the c-index. Results and limitations The mean age was 62 yr (standard deviation: 6.3), and 34.3% of men had recurrence. The 5-yr progression-free probability for those patients with a CAPRA-S score of 0-2, 3-5, and 6-10 (defining low, intermediate, and high risk) was 72%, 39%, and 17%, respectively. The CAPRA-S c-index was 0.73 in this validation set, compared with a c-index of 0.72 for the Stephenson nomogram. Although CAPRA-S was optimistic in predicting the likelihood of being free of recurrence at 5 yr, it outperformed the Stephenson nomogram on both calibration plots and decision curve analysis. The c-index for predicting cancer-specific mortality was 0.85, with the caveat that this number is based on only 61 events. Conclusions In this external validation, the CAPRA-S score predicted recurrence and mortality after RP with a c-index >0.70. The score is an effective prognostic tool that may aid in determining the need for adjuvant therapy. © 2013 European Association of Urology. Source
Van Houtven C.H.,Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center |
Van Houtven C.H.,Duke University |
Coe N.B.,Boston College |
Skira M.M.,University of Georgia
Journal of Health Economics | Year: 2013
Cross-sectional evidence in the United States finds that informal caregivers have less attachment to the labor force. The causal mechanism is unclear: do children who work less become informal caregivers, or are children who become caregivers working less? Using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, we identify the relationship between informal care and work in the United States, both on the intensive and extensive margins, and examine wage effects. We control for time-invariant individual heterogeneity; rule out or control for endogeneity; examine effects for men and women separately; and analyze heterogeneous effects by task and intensity. We find modest decreases-2.4 percentage points-in the likelihood of working for male caregivers providing personal care. Female chore caregivers, meanwhile, are more likely to be retired. For female care providers who remain working, we find evidence that they decrease work by 3-10. hours per week and face a 3 percent lower wage than non-caregivers. We find little effect of caregiving on working men's hours or wages. These estimates suggest that the opportunity costs to informal care providers are important to consider when making policy recommendations about the design and funding of public long-term care programs. © 2012. Source
Age-related differences in reporting of drug-associated liver injury: Data-mining of WHO safety report database
Hunt C.M.,Duke University |
Hunt C.M.,Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center |
Yuen N.A.,Glaxosmithkline |
Stirnadel-Farrant H.A.,Glaxosmithkline |
Suzuki A.,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology | Year: 2014
Background/aims: Age-differences in the frequency and manifestations of drug-induced liver injury are not fully characterized. Data-mining analyses were performed to assess the impact of age on liver event reporting frequency with different phenotypes and agents. Methods: 236 drugs associated with hepatotoxicity were evaluated using the Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) of the relative reporting ratio with 90% confidence interval (EB05 and EB95) calculated for the age groups: 0-17, 18-64, and ≥ 65. years (or elderly), for overall, serious (acute liver failure), hepatocellular, and cholestatic liver injury, using the WHO Safety Report Database. Results: Overall, cases of age 0-17, 18-64, and 65. years or older comprised 6%, 62%, and 32% of liver event reports. Acute liver failure and hepatocellular injury were more frequently reported among children compared to adults and the elderly while reports with cholestatic injury were more frequent among the elderly (p < 0.00001). A potential to cause mitochondrial dysfunction was more prevalent among the drugs with increased pediatric reporting frequency while high lipophilicity and biliary excretion were more common among the drugs associated with higher reporting frequency in the elderly. Conclusion: Age-specific phenotypes and potential drug properties associated with age-specific hepatotoxicity were identified in reported liver events; further analyses are warranted. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Source
What would darwin say? A historical perspective on the next steps in developing a rehabilitation classification system
Hoenig H.,Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center |
Hoenig H.,Duke University
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | Year: 2014
This article uses a historical framework to review the rehabilitation treatment taxonomy (RTT). The needs and challenges in creating a comprehensive classification system for rehabilitation treatments are identified based on review of (1) the development of other biological classification systems and (2) the historical foundations for rehabilitation and related theoretical underpinnings. The historical overview is used to identify needs for refining the RTT, including (1) changes needed in the structure of the RTT to address the varied roles of environmental factors in the rehabilitation treatment process, (2) changes needed to link the RTT with clinical documentation and third-party reimbursement, and (3) revisions in the nomenclature for the RTT to enhance clear communication. Finally, challenges with the next steps in developing a comprehensive classification system for rehabilitation are discussed, including (1) the complexity needed to classify a dynamic process and to account for the agents, mechanisms, and objects targeted by that process and (2) the importance of a continued multidisciplinary approach to ensure a classification system that will be broadly useful for a highly diverse and rapidly evolving field. © 2014 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Source