text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 14, 1986
|Filing date
|May 25, 1984
|Priority date
|May 25, 1984
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Jack Z. Abrams, Robert M. Sherwin
|Original Assignee
|Empire State Electric Energy Research Corp. (Eseerco)
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (34), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
The invention relates to a process for improving furnace operation, and in particular, for reducing, eliminating or modifying: slagging, convective tube fouling, fireside corrosion, fly ash, sulphur trioxide formation, acid smut, and plume visibility problems.
2. Discussion of Prior Art
The recent widespread shutdown of nuclear power generators and the continued instability in both the supply and price of natural gas places an additional burden on coal and oil burning power plants to provide dependable low to medium cost power. This shift has added impetus to research directed towards improving power plant cost effectiveness, environmental cleanliness and fuel efficiency.
One aspect of research has focused on controlling fireside combustion by-products, as they have a tremendous effect on the efficiency and cleanliness of boilers as well as the costs of fuel that they can burn.
Convective tube fouling which results from liquid or sticky phase ash deposition on the tubes, can affect power plant efficiency and cleanliness. Ash deposition is attributed to the fact that the low melting point of coal and oil ash (between 1,000� and 1,200� F.) is often the operating temperature of power plant superheater and reheater tubes. As a result, the ash enters a liquid or sticky phase forming deposits along the nearest surfaces which become harder as the boiler continues to operate. These deposits "foul" areas of the boiler, particularly the superheater tubes, and reduce plant cost effectiveness by reducing the thermal exchange between the superheater tubes and the steam passages. This results in frequent boiler down times for cleaning. This problem has restricted plants to burning higher priced fuel that tend to be low in sodium, sulphur and vanadates. It would be desirable, therefore, to be able to eliminate the liquid or sticky phase which occurs during fly ash deposition.
Fly ash, produced in the furnace during combustion and transported through the superheater tubes, also contributes to the corrosion of tube surfaces as a result of the formation of molten ash deposits. In a paper entitled "Fuel Ash Corrosion and its Effect on Boiler Design", by Hansen et al., Transactions of ASME; April 1965, pp. 210-214, industry-reported increases in oil ash and gas-side corrosion were attributed to the increase in gas and/or metal temperatures in new generation boilers; high vanadium content oil; and liquid phase alkali-sulfate compounds which contact the hot metal surfaces. Corrosion is a major deterrent to the effectiveness of newer high temperature boilers as corrosion cannot be prevented merely by the use of high cost, high strength metals. Consequently, avoiding corrosion means reducing fouling deposits and, therefore, controlling the deposition of liquid or sticky phase fly ash.
Slag deposits usually form in the low velocity portions of the boiler passages. The formation of slag results from deposition of heavy waste and combustion by-products in a liquid phase. Control of slagging is a key to enabling the use of refuse-derived and other low cost fuel substitutes as slag formation and the hardness characteristics of slag deposits are a function of the concentration of glass in the fuel. Refuse-derived fuels, for example, are known to contain up to 20% glass. Removal of slag deposits is extremely time-consuming as it requires operation stoppage and steam cleaning and/or air lancing the affected boiler areas. In many cases, slag removal operations can be extremely costly. Heavily slagged checker chambers in open-hearth furnaces, for example, have to be dismantled requiring replacement of as many as 30,000 to 40,000 checker bricks. In this case furnace shutdown time can become severe.
Another long recognized problem in boilers relates to the presence of sulfur trioxide. Sulfur trioxide is formed through conversion in the boiler gas passages of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide with fly ash acting as the catalyst. Sulfur trioxide tends to condense in the cooler sections of the heat exchangers in the form of sulfuric acid. The acid participates in the corrosion of the heat transfer surfaces as well as reducing and limiting the heat economy obtainable. Furthermore, in their paper entitled "Corrosion of Superheaters and Reheaters of Pulverized Coal-Fired Boilers", Melson et al., Journal of Engineering for Power; Transactions of ASME 1960 p. 194 strongly link the presence of sulfur trioxide to heavy ash deposits. The authors report that ash deposits have a layered structure, the outermost portion of which comprises a friable fly ash layer which is formed by the mineral portions of the coal and its sulfurous reaction products. The inner layer comprises a harder material containing substantial amounts of sulfur trioxide which, when mixed with the alkaline earth oxides in the fly ash, form complex sulphates. The authors conclude that the complex sulfates are the principal molten compound that bonds the ash deposits to the tube walls and are also the principal components in corroding the tube. Reduction or elimination of sulfur trioxide formation, therefore, is critical to maintaining the boilers in good operating condition. Control of corrosion avoids the necessity of frequent equipment replacement and periodic shutdowns.
Finally, boiler emissions are a major environmental concern, particularly with the respect to less direct and obvious forms of pollution, such as acid rain. Visible emissions have been generally reduced by employing scrubbers and other costly mechanical systems. However, the acid content of these emissions must also be reduced. Therefore, the need to control both the visible plume as well as the acid content of the emissions is critical.
In developing a process for reducing, eliminating or modifying corrosion, fouling, slagging, sulfur trioxide, fly ash, acid smut and plume visibility, an effective, simple and efficient process using comparatively inexpensive materials that can rapidly reduce these problems is highly desirable.
The primary existing method for controlling the above-described fireside related problems has been the addition of chemical additives which raise the melting point of the fly ash, resulting in more friable tube deposits and slag as well as restricted sulfur trioxide formation, reduced corrosion, acid smut and plumes. However, these prior additive addition and treatment techniques have not employed a single additive which, by virtue of an economic injection process, reduces all of the above conditions and requires only minimum quantities of the additive. Further, many prior art additives have created other problems, some of which exceed the problems they solve.
In a paper "Slurry Spraying for the Control of Corrosion and Deposits in Oil Fired Boilers", Cantieri et al., ASME paper No. 60-W-284, presented at the 1960 Annual Winter Meeting, New York, the authors review research on additives and their method of injection into oil-fired boilers in order to control a number of fireside-related problems.
Harlow ("Formation of Sulfuric Acid in Boiler Flue Gases", Transactions of ASME, 1958 p. 225), for example, describes spraying calcium oxide on the boiler tubes in order to inhibit catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide. However, calcium oxide inhibited the reaction for only several hours. The authors also report that Rendle et al., "The Prevention of Acid Condensation in Oil-Fired Boilers", Journal of the Institute of Fuel, 1956, pp. 372-380, found that magnesium oxide, zinc dust, dolomite, and gaseous ammonia eliminated the acid dew point, i.e., the point at which sulfur oxide is catalyzed into sulfur trioxide.
With respect to fouling and slagging, Cantieri et al. report that Keck, "Retarding Corrosion and Deposits of the Fire-Side Surfaces of Boilers Fired with Residual Fuel Oils", presented at the Southeastern Electric Exchange, 1959, found that additives of dolomite, high-magnesium lime, magnesium oxide and lime had varying effects on reducing these deposits. Keck also found that the chemicals and, in particular dolomite, slightly reduced the volume of slag. However, the treatment described left tons of additive, vanadium compounds and slag boulders on the furnace floor as a result.
Cantieri et al. then describe a method for slurry spraying the boilers through the soot blowers. The method involves removing loose deposits by first operating the blowers at full pressure. Blowing pressure is then reduced by 50 psi and a slurry consisting of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide particles suspended in an aqueous solution is then introduced along with the blowing medium. Subsequently, the slurry heads are purged with water to properly clean them. The spray system is usually energized once a day. As a result, fouling, corrosion, plume visibility and acid dew point problems are reduced or eliminated. However, the authors report that the degree of improvement appears to be most marked after the additive has been applied and deposit formation continues to occur between the daily injections.
A number of patents also describe processes using additives to control boiler related problems. Chauhan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,817, is typical of these patents wherein a solid fuel, such as coal, is treated with a catalytic agent so that the coal is physically and chemically altered. The coal is then catalyzed in order that the incorporating catalyst acts as a sulfur absorbent during combustion. The fuel is treated in a liquid medium containing both calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The slurry is then subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures such that the catalytic agent physically incorporates the water and fuel. The agent comprises either calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or a possible combination of both. Chauhan et al., however, do not disclose treating the fuel for prevention of corrosion, fouling, slagging, etc. and do not disclose a method that employs small quantities of an additive to alleviate sulfurous emissions.
Other patents which treat one or more boiler problems by adding chemical additives to the boiler include: U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,080, U.S. Pat. No. 3,249,075, U.S. Pat. No. 3,002,855, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,919,394. A large number of additives in these patents and other prior art have been proposed. Based on their chemical constituents and physical characteristics, such additives are:
MgO (oil dispersion)
CaO (dry)
MgO+Al2 O3 (oil dispersion)
MgO+Mg(OH)2 (dry)
Oil-soluble Mg (magnesium naphthenate, etc.)
Oil-soluble MgO+MnO
Mn (Oil Soluble)
MgO+CaO (aqueous dispersion)
In summary, therefore, while prior art techniques illustrate a host of additives that are effective in solving a host of specific boiler and fireside related problems, a single additive composition that effectively solves all of the previously described problems has not been found. Additionally, the processes and techniques for introducing these additives into the boiler have not resulted in efficient use of the additives such that material is wasted and additional time is required to reduce these fireside-related problems.
In our previous patent, U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,245, a process for removing sulfur dioxide from boiler effluent gases is described. The process involves contacting the gas in a wet or dry scrubbing zone with recycled tank slurry that contains Type S hydrated dolomitic lime.
However, it was not previously appreciated that the additive composition is highly effective in reducing, eliminating or modifying fouling, slagging, corrosion, sulfur trioxide formation, fly ash, acid smut and visible plumes. In addition, it was not recognized that a more efficient and more effective technique for injecting the additive into the system was available over the continuous method of injection described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,245. Finally, it was not appreciated that the injection technique could direct the additive to specific problem sites, rather than generally throughout the boiler interior.
The present invention, therefore, has particularly as an objective to overcome the problems associated with the inefficient processes disclosed by the prior art by making it possible to reduce, eliminate or modify boiler slagging, convective tube fouling, fireside corrosion, sulfur trioxide formation, fly ash, acid smut and plume visibility problems by employing a process for adding pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime in a highly efficient and effective manner.
A preferred process according to the invention includes treating a combustion system by adding a pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive. As a result of the treatment, the environmental quality of emissions and the operational efficiency of the combustion system are improved. The improved injection process involves injecting the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime in a non-continuous manner during combustion system operation. The injection process thereby minimizes the amount of additive necessary for treating the system.
In another important aspect of this process, a blowing medium is injected into the interior portions of the combustion system in order to loosen and remove deposits. The blowing medium is injected for a pre-determined period of time prior to injecting the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive in order that loose deposits can be removed. The additive is thereby diverted to only those areas that form the strongest bonds with the boiler surfaces. The pressure-hydrated additive is then blown into the interior of the combustion system through the soot blowers. This is accomplished by connecting a mechanical sprayer means to the soot blowers in order that the additive can be injected into the soot blowers which spray the additive onto the deposits. Control of the mechanical sprayer means and the soot blowers is automatic. Injection of the additive can be set to occur at intermittent intervals without the necessity of control by an operator.
In a further aspect of this process, the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive-coated area is then heated and maintained at a temperature of about 1800� F.
According to yet another significant aspect of the process, the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive is injected only into the gas passages of the boiler rather than directly into the furnace area. Fouling deposits and corrosion in the passages are thereby reduced by applying the additive directly to the fly ash. The treated deposits are then removed by blowing them away with soot blowers. Alternately, the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive is injected along with a system fuel directly into the furnace of the combustion system. However, the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive is separated from the fuel in order to avoid bonding between the additive and the fuel.
The pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive comprises a powder of finely porous particles having a high specific surface and a low settling rate in water. Particle size is such that substantially 100% of the particles pass through 20 Tyler mesh screen and 79% pass through 325 Tyler mesh screen.
Using the inventive process, the system can burn a combination of refuse-derived fuel along with system fuel. The system fuel can be either coal or oil.
This invention includes limiting the formation of deposits located within a combustion system by selectively injecting a pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive during operation of the combustion system directly to the situs of deposition. Moreover, the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime is selectively injected at a location where the deposit is connected to the interior portion of the boiler.
As opposed to previous techniques, the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive may be injected into the system in amounts less than about 5 lbs/ton of coal. The concentration of the slurry and frequency of the injections are sufficient to raise the melting point of the fly ash and thereby minimize fly ash liquid phase at the situs of injection whereby a weakening point is formed.
The extent of permanent fly ash deposition within the combustion system may be reduced by injecting a slurry of pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive particles directly to the situs of fly ash deposition or, more specifically, at the afore-described connection point. The fly ash deposits are subsequently removed by blowing them out of the combustion system. The pressure-hydrated slurry that is used to treat the fly ash preferably has a solids content ranging between about 10-50% by weight.
The invention also relates to a process for reducing slag deposits within a combustion system by injecting a slurry of pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive particles directly to the situs of slag deposition or, more specifically, at a point where slag connects to the boiler interior in a concentration and quantity of sufficient to substantially coat the slag deposits. As a result, a narrowing of the temperature range in which the slag is plastic occurs; a reduction of the slag crushing strength of the deposits is achieved; and bonding between the deposits and the interior surfaces of the combustion system is substantially reduced.
The invention further includes a process for reducing the formation of sulfur trioxide by injecting pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive directly to the situs of fly ash deposition. As a result, fly ash sintering is reduced by prohibiting the catalyzation of sulfur dioxide emissions by the fly ash into sulfur trioxide.
According to yet another aspect of the invention a process for reducing fire-side corrosion by directing pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive to the situs of fly ash deposition to inhibit the formation of complex sulphates on the interior surfaces of the combustion system is provided.
The annexed drawings show, soley by way of non-limiting example, preferred embodiments of the invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the effect of different additives on the crushing strengths of fly ash samples as a function of temperature;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the effect of different concentrations of pressure-hydrated additive on the crushing strengths of fly ash samples, as a function of temperature; and
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the effect of the pressure-hydrated additive on the crushing strengths of composite glass-fly ash samples as a function of temperature.
The use of pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime was first described in our U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,245 for reducing sulfur dioxide emissions by adding the additive to a wet or dry scrubber or a spray dryer such that the neutralizing values of the additive minimize sulfur dioxide emissions when the boiler is operational.
The present process provides a highly efficient injection technique for controlling fireside-related problems by intermittently introducing pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime to the problem areas of the boiler. The additive may be added in either wet or dry forms, and can be introduced into the boiler gas passages or directly into the furnace.
Type S hydrated-dolomitic lime is prepared from calcined dolomite and is available as a structural material from Genstar Building Products. Type S dolomitic lime is hydrated under elevated temperature and pressure. The Genstar Product is approximately 55% calcium hydroxide, 40% magnesium hydroxide, 2% magnesium oxide and 0.02% water. Chemistry and Technology of Lime and Limestone, by Boynton, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1965, pp. 167, 288-9, 302-7, 317-8, and 333-338, describes forming Type S dolomitic lime by hydrating the above-described composition in an autoclave at pressures ranging between 25 and 100 psi at temperatures ranging between 250� to 400� F. The resultant product settling rate to one-half volume in minutes (ASTM C-110) is approximately 225 and the specific gravity is 2.24. The hydrated dolomitic lime is composed of particles of which 100% pass through 20 Tyler mesh screen while 79% of the particles pass through 325 Tyler mesh. The composition, therefore, forms a fine powder having particles that are porous and highly dispersable having a high specific surface and a low settling rate in water.
The pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime can be prepared either in powdered form or can be suspended in a liquid base to form a slurry. The amount of solids in the slurry will vary depending upon the particular treatment desired. Further, the concentrations and compositions of the liquid base can vary. Generally, the solids content of the slurry will be at least about 10% by weight and no greater than about 50% by weight of the slurry. Solids content can vary in proportion to the magnitude of the problem to be solved. Heavy slag deposits, for example, could be treated with a high percentage additive weight slurry while liquid phase deposits in the boiler superheater passages, for example, may require a lower solids content slurry to be effective. In addition, the solids content is related to the ash content of coal and varies inversely to the melting point of the ash. Finally, the solids content is limited by the capabilities of the spray system to handle high solids content slurries.
The process for removing, eliminating or modifying fly ash and reducing fouling deposits will be considered first. Fouling deposits can be formed in a few hours or take several weeks. These deposits, if weakly bonded to the interior surfaces of the boiler, can be removed by soot blowing. During removal, the deposits will fracture at the weakest point in the formation. As a result, only one weak region in a given deposit is necessary for conventional soot-blowing removal techniques to be effective. Prior art methods, however, have concentrated on weakening all portions of the deposit by spraying the additive throughout the fouled portions of the boiler. Such a technique typically requires substantial quantities of additive and relatively long blowing periods. The present process, however, reduces fouling and weakens deposits by selectively directing additive only to the situs of deposition or at a location where the deposit is connected to the interior portion of the boiler in an amount and concentration sufficient to cause a weakening point in the deposits. This is accomplished by activating only those soot blowers adjacent to the heavy deposition areas and localizing their spray at the most severe areas of these deposits. As a result, the additive creates a weakened fracture point and subsequent soot blowing will fracture the surrounding deposits at this weakened point. The whole deposit can then be blown out of the system by any known technique.
Further efficiencies are realized by intermittently and locally injecting the additive onto the deposition points. Deposits can form quickly, especially in boilers having superheater passages in the first and second gas passages, and particularly in combustion systems burning low-grade fuels. Frequent intermittent injections of small quantities of additives directly to the situs of deposition results in both a reduction and/or elimination of the deposits, and a reduction in the quantities of additive required to be effective. The frequency and duration of each spraying period are proportionally related. However, the optimal combination of the spraying periods and their frequency of occurrence is unique for each combustion system. Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) burning systems, for example, may have slow forming hard deposits while oil burning systems may have rapidly forming weakly bonded deposits. In the former situation, therefore, less frequent and longer spraying periods may be required to effectively weaken hard deposits while the latter situation may require the reverse. Intermittent local injection, therefore, is an effective additive-efficient method for controlling fouling.
The injection process can most easily be accomplished by employing conventional soot blowers connected to mechanical sprayers adapted to conduct additives into the soot blower. Before introducing the additive, the soot blowers, spray a carrier medium into the boiler interior for a pre-determined period. The mechanical sprayer is then activated and the additive of this invention, pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime, is injected into the soot blowers. The soot blowers accordingly spary the additive and the carrier medium at the deposit points. Once the time period for injecting the additive has elapsed, the spray system is deactivated. The cleaning and blowing process is repeated after a pre-set boiler operating period such that injection of the additives will occur in an intermittent and frequent manner. This injection process thereby prevents significant deposition formation during operation and requires minimal amounts of additive to effectively control deposits.
Factors central to this process such as the concentration of additive relative to presumed deposit size, the heating temperature limit for additive-coated deposits, the length of time required for deposit removal, the quantity of ash in the fuel, the melting point of the ash, and the length of time required for additive injection, are a function of each particular combustion system. In addition, the particular characteristics of each combustion system such as the grade of the system fuel, and the size, location, and composition of the fouling deposits, directly affect the above-noted factors. However, while pilot tests using pressure hydrated dolomitic lime have not been conducted to determine ideal additive concentrations for one or several boiler systems, tests have been conducted that demonstrate the superiority of pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime over other conventional additives in reducing potential fouling deposits. The tests also provide an indication of the relative concentrations of the pressure-hydrated additive needed to effectively treat particular types of deposits at particular temperatures.
The tests, whose results are graphically shown in FIGS. 1-3, were conducted using a procedure that compares ash crushing strengths between various fly ash and additive mixtures. The test were developed by Barnhart et al. and are described in their paper, "Sintering Test, An Index to Ash Fouling Tendency", Transactions of ASME, August 1956, pp. 1229-1236. The tests involve taking fly ash samples from the hoppers of several operating utility boilers. The samples are dried and the carbon is removed. The samples and the additives, which include calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), and pressure hydrated dolomitic lime [Ca(OH)2 +Mg(OH)2 ], are then passed through 100 Tyler mesh screen in order to remove larger particles. Mixtures of the fly ash containing concentrations of the additives are then added to a ball mill according to their weight and formed in a mold into pellets. The pellets are then heated in a laboratory autoclave to sintering temperatures and held at these temperatures for fifteen hours. Once the pellets cool, they are crushed on a specially-designed hand press that records the crushing pressure (psig). Crushing values reported in these tests were an average of the crushing values for six pellets.
The first fly ash samples came from old (units built between 1942 and 1958) down-fired, triple-pass, wet-bottom boilers that burned coal mined from Eastern Kentucky. Temperatures in the fouling superheater passages of these boilers were found to range from 1930� F. to 2760� F. and the fly ash sintering temperatures tended to range between 1700� to 1900� F. To simulate conditions in these boilers, therefore, the pellets are heated to either 1700� F., 1800� F., or 1840� F. A selected pellet is then treated with one of the three aforementioned additives. The quantity of additive added to each fly ash sample is a pre-determined percentage of the total weight of the sample.
FIG. 1 shows the crushing strengths (psig) of the untreated fly ash pellets and fly ash pellets treated with either calcium oxide, magnesium hydroxide or the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime as a function of temperature. The additive comprises 20% of the total weight for each pellet. As shown, the pressure-hydrated additive reduces the crushing strength of the fly ash from 23,000 psig to less than 1,000 psig at 1840� F. It is known that the crushing strength for low-fouling boiler deposits is less than 1,000 psig. Accordingly, the pressure-hydrated additive-treated pellets are structurally equivalent to a low-fouling deposit and, therefore, have a low-fouling potential. The Ca(O) and Mg(OH)2 -treated pellets also show significant crushing strength reductions. Ca(O) reduces pellet crushing strength from about 23,000 psig to about 5,000 psig at 1840� F. Mg(OH)2 reduces the crushing strength to about 2,000 psig. These crushing strengths, however, are designated as medium fouling potential. The pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive, therefore, is more effective in reducing potential fouling levels than these more commonly used additives.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of adding smaller amounts of the pressure-hydrated additive to the pellets. As shown, addition of the additive at 5% of the total pellet weight reduces the crushing strength at 1840� F. from a severe fouling potential level to a high potential fouling level. However, at temperatures less than about 1740� F. the crushing strengths are reduced to the medium fouling potential range. A 5% weight concentration of the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime additive coated on deposits located in low temperature areas of the boiler, therefore, could be effective in weakening deposits.
Similarly, addition of the additive at 10% of the total pellet weight reduced crushing strength from a severe fouling potential level to a high fouling potential level at 1840� F. At temperatures of 1800� F. or less, however, the crushing strengths are reduced to the medium fouling potential range, and at 1700� F. or less the crushing strengths are further reduced to low fouling potential (about 2,000 psig at 1690� F.). Therefore, a 10% additive portion of the total deposit weight will be as effective, in low temperature areas of the boiler, as a 20% additive concentration.
In summary, therefore, the tests not only prove the effectiveness of the pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime over commonly used additives in reducing fly ash fouling potential, but also indicate concentrations in which pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime appear to be the most effective in reducing fouling potential levels. In high-temperature boilers areas concentrations of at least about 20% pressure-hydrated additive of the total deposit weight would be the most effective treatment. Lower concentrations would appear to be more effective for treating fouling deposits in the low temperature areas of the combustion system.
In coal burning systems a 20% weight level can be achieved by adding about five pounds of the pressure-hydrated additive per ton of coal. Although this concentration level cannot be confirmed until pilot tests are run, the results of the crushing strength tests, when applied using conventional knowledge regarding coal fouling, indicate that a 20% weight is achieved with this concentration.
The additive injection process also applies to removing heavy deposits, such as slag, from interior portions of the combustion system. Attempts to utilize refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as an economy fuel have resulted in severe slagging in various areas of combustion systems. Slagging severity is partially dependent on the amount of glass in the deposits. Therefore, the crushing strength tests also treated various fly ash-glass composite pellets with the pressure-hydrated additive in order to determine effectiveness in reducing the fouling potential of these slag equivalent pellets (FIG. 3). As shown in FIG. 3, the fouling potential of fly ash increases with glass content as a function of temperature. High fouling potential, for example, was exhibited in pellets having a 22% glass content of total weight at 1840� F. Addition of the pressure-hydrated additive at 20% of the pellet weight, however, appears to reduce the potential fouling levels to low potential fouling at all temperatures (crushing strengths were reduced to near zero). It should be noted that the low fouling potential of the fly ash samples used in FIG. 3 result from the use of a higher grade, lower fouling coal than the coals used in FIGS. 1 and 2.
To control slagging or heavy deposits in a boiler, therefore, pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime is intermittently added either into the furnace or into the low pressure/temperature gas passages where slag deposits are known to form. The additives are added directly to the slag formations in concentrations that would approximate 20% of the total deposit weight at the situs where it is to be directed. Injection of the additives can be through the soot blowers located adjacent deposition areas. Alternately, the additive can be introduced directly into the furnace along with the fuel. The additive and the fuel, however, must be separated as combusting the mixture has been found to increase slag formation. These formations result from both exposing the additive to temperatures that are too high to enable the additives to effectively treat the combustion by-products, and the bonding of the additive with the fuel rather than with combustion by-products. Once the deposits have been treated they are removed by conventional soot blowing. In cases of severe slagging, weakened deposits can be removed by directly air lancing or steam spraying the deposits. This process, however, is relatively time consuming and applies to unusually severe deposits.
Intermittent introduction of the additives has beneficial effects on other boiler-related problems. Coating fly ash deposits, as shown, will reduce the crushing strengths of the deposits and also increase the sintering temperatures. As a result, fly ash catalyzation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide in the gas passages or other internal sections of the boiler will also be reduced. Reduction of sulfur trioxide formation, in turn, reduces corrosion. The previously described corrosion causing complex sulphates will be reduced or eliminated without the presence sulfur trioxide. Finally, intermittently coating boiler deposits will reduce acid smut emissions and plume visibility. The addition of alkali metals into combustion systems has been generally found to reduce acid smut and reduce visibility of the plume. Acid formation, such as sulfuric acid, is a direct by-product of the reaction between fouling deposits and sulfur dioxide gas. The reduction or elimination of deposits, therefore, will reduce or eliminate acidic smut. Finally, the visible plume will be greatly reduced because of reduced acid formation.
Although the invention has been described with respect to particular means, materials and embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particulars disclosed and extends to encompass all equivalent embodiments falling within the scope of the claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 1, 1957
|Oct 3, 1961
|Nalco Chemical Co
|Method and composition for combating slag formation on refractory surfaces
|Mar 8, 1963
|May 3, 1966
|Combustion Eng
|Additive mixtures to combat high temperature corrosion and ash bonding during the operation of furnaces
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|Nov 11, 1975
|Dravo Corp
|Process for the removal of oxides of sulfur from a gaseous stream
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|Dowa Mining Co., Ltd.
|Process to make brittle boiler dust adhering to the water tube surface of a waste heat boiler of non-ferrous metal smelting furnace
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|Rudolf Rohrbach
|Method of reducing the sulfur oxide content of combustion gases resulting from combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels
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|Goodrich, "Refuse Disposal and Power Production," Archibald Constable & Co., 1904 Preface.
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|Hansen et al., Fuel Ash Corrosion and its Effects on Boiler Design, Transactions of ASME, Apr. 1965, pp. 210 214.
|Citing Patent
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|Publication date
|Apr 23, 1987
|Dec 12, 1989
|Petroleum Fermentations N.V.
|Method for reducing sox emissions during the combustion of sulfur-containing combustible compositions
|Dec 21, 1988
|May 8, 1990
|Avco Research Laboratory, Inc.
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|Jul 22, 1988
|Jul 10, 1990
|Ogden-Martin Systems, Inc.
|Acid gas control process and apparatus for waste fired incinerators
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|Jul 4, 1995
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|Oct 8, 1996
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|Alberta Oil Sands Technology And Research Authority
|Prevention of sulfur gas emissions from a rotary processor using lime addition
|Feb 14, 1995
|Jul 1, 1997
|The Babcock & Wilcox Company
|Dry scrubber with forced recirculation
|Sep 20, 1996
|Apr 21, 1998
|Nalco Fuel Tech
|Process for increasing the effectiveness of slag control chemicals for black liquor recovery and other combustion units
|Dec 30, 1997
|Apr 20, 1999
|Fuel Tech, Inc.
|Process for increasing the effectiveness of slag and/or corrosion control chemicals for combustion units
|Jun 24, 1996
|May 23, 2000
|Gec Alsthom Stein Industrie
|Method of hot scrubbing flue gases, in particular for an incineration plant for household refuse
|Jun 23, 2000
|Sep 18, 2001
|Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties Inc.
|Process for the control of ash accumulation and corrosivity associated with selective catalytic reduction technology
|Dec 20, 2001
|Oct 26, 2004
|Ferco Enterprises, Inc.
|Biomass gasification system and method
|Sep 3, 2003
|Apr 26, 2005
|Aptech Engineering Services, Inc.
|Method for reduction of slagging and fouling of the waterwalls and of the firebox and superheater and reheater of steam boilers with coal combustion
|Jun 10, 2004
|Aug 28, 2007
|Aptech Engineering Services, Inc.
|System and method of reducing pulverizer flammability hazard and boiler nitrous oxide output
|Feb 21, 2008
|Feb 19, 2013
|Intertek APTECH
|Process for reduction of sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds in the exhaust gases of combustion devices
|Jun 8, 2012
|Apr 5, 2016
|Power & Control Solutions, Inc.
|System and method for injecting compound into utility furnace
|Sep 27, 2013
|Oct 25, 2016
|Power & Control Solutions, Inc.
|System and method for removing slag inside a utility furnace
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|Sep 26, 2002
|Paisley Mark A.
|Biomass gasification system and method
|Sep 3, 2003
|Mar 11, 2004
|Aptech Engineering Services, Inc.
|Method for reduction of slagging and fouling of the waterwalls and of the firebox and superheater and reheater of steam boilers with coal combustion
|Nov 20, 2006
|Mar 22, 2007
|Quantum Corporation
|Servo track having periodic frames of tone field and embedded synchronization marks
|Feb 21, 2008
|Aug 28, 2008
|Torbov T Steve
|Process for reduction of sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds in the exhaust gases of combustion devices
|Jan 14, 2009
|Jul 16, 2009
|Environmental Energy Services, Inc.
|Process for operating a coal-fired furnace with reduced slag formation
|Sep 27, 2013
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|Power & Control Solutions, Inc.
|System and method for removing slag inside a utility furnace
|May 23, 1995
|Dec 12, 2000
|Petroferm Inc.
|Pre-atomized fuels and process for producing same
|Jan 7, 2005
|Oct 18, 2006
|Fuel Tech, Inc.
|Process for reducing plume opacity
|Jan 7, 2005
|Nov 28, 2012
|Fuel Tech Inc
|Process for reducing plume opacity
|Sep 20, 1989
|Apr 4, 1991
|Petroferm Inc.
|Method for reducing sox emissions during the combustion of sulfur-containing combustible compositions
|Dec 20, 2001
|Jun 27, 2002
|Future Energy Resources Corporation
|Biomass gasification system and method
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|Jul 31, 2003
|Future Energy Resources Corp
|Biomass gasification system and method
|Jan 14, 2009
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|Process for operating a coal-fired furnace with reduced slag formation
|Nov 25, 2013
|Oct 23, 2014
|Unicalce S.P.A.
|Method for controlling the emission of polluting substances in a gaseous effluent produced by a combustion process
|U.S. Classification
|110/343, 44/640, 110/345, 423/244.07
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 25, 1984
Owner name: EMPIRE STATE ELECTRIC ENERGY RESEARCH CORPORATION
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ABRAMS, JACK Z.;SHERWIN, ROBERT M.;REEL/FRAME:004266/0160
Effective date: 19840517
Owner name: EMPIRE STATE ELECTRIC ENERGY RESEARCH CORPORATION,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ABRAMS, JACK Z.;SHERWIN, ROBERT M.;REEL/FRAME:004266/0160
Effective date: 19840517
|Mar 29, 1988
|Certificate of correction
|Apr 16, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 11, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 10, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Santa Rosa has 147,595 residents. It is located in Sonoma county.
For California residents, the average tuition for all Santa Rosa chef schools for the 2009 - 2010 school year was $707.00. For non-residents, the average tuition for Santa Rosa chef schools was $5,913.00.
The cost, on average, for books and supplies needed for chef schools in Santa Rosa is $1,638.00. There is one chef college in Santa Rosa. Chef programs in Santa Rosa reportedly graduated 66 students in the 2008 - 2009 school year.
|Average Salary
|Number Employed in City
|Chefs and Head Cooks
|First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Here's a closer look at SOPH's 10th Anniversary sneaker with Converse. As mentioned yesterday, these All-Star Hi's will have the signature side zipper which SOPHNET. uses on many of their collaborative sneakers. The sneakers will retail at 14,700 YEN and will be available starting February at SOPH. stores and SOPHNET. dealers.
For more information, check our previous article here.


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elseif ( WP_ENV == "production" && $lang !== "en"): ?>
Getting started with Applause is easier and more affordable than you might expect. Check out how Applause's in-the-wild testing solutions can extend your team, fit into your budget and save you time and money.Contact Us
See how Swisscom is testing their TV products during the agile development process with Applause.
See how Shutterfly works with Applause to ensure digital quality and usability in their websites and mobile retail apps in a rapidly-changing release environment.


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Agent Provocateur: the Fall Winter 2014-15 Advertising Campaign
Agent Provocateur presents the Fall Winter 2014-15 ad campaign shot by Christian Larsson. Video and photogallery
Sarah Shotton, creative director at Agent Provocateur, wanted to represent "the luxurious excess of the glorious 1970s" for the brand's autumn/winter 2014-15 advertising campaign.
The whole collection draws its inspiration to this theme.
The transgressive and bright-coloured images star the models in a seducing pose while flaunting lace slip dresses, super sexy bras, micro knickers and suspenders that come in vibrant nuances. But also leotards that leave very little to imagination.
The campaign was shot by Christian Larsson. "I've always been a huge fan of Agent Provocateur", the photographer explains. "When they asked me to get involved with this great concept – I jumped at the chance especially as it was an opportunity to combine stills and film and working with such a great team of people. It was really exciting."
In front of the camera, Missy Rayder.
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Fashion shows are changing: Burberry and all that's new on the runways
Menswear and womenswear collections will walk together and will be on sale right after the show. These are the news from Burberry but the evolution is generalized: runway shows are changing


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Fresh Crab Legs
We offer seasonally available fresh crab legs - shipped directly to your home or business. Fresh crab legs have a rich, sweet flavor and the meat has a soft, delicate texture. In fact, fresh crab is so rich in flavor, that many people prefer to enjoy it straight - without any sort of dipping butter.
Fresh crab legs should be enjoyed soon as possible after being delivered. However, if you need to store them, you can do so by placing in a shallow pan, on the bottom shelf of your refrigerator. Cover the legs with a bag of ice.
Several crab seasons take place throughout the year. FishEx specializes in fresh crab legs - and we source a variety of regions. During the summer, fresh Norton Sound red king crab legs are available. These are relativley petite-sized legs by king crab standards- but they are exceptionally tasty! The largest fresh crab legs that we offer are the giant Captain's Reserve - from Alaska's famed Bristol Bay season. (This generally takes place between mid-October and mid-December.)
Keep informed about the availability and delivery schedule of fresh crab legs: Be sure you are signed-up for our emailer.
FRESH Alaskan Snow Crab (Opilio)0
The much-anticipated Alaska snow crab season has arrived! FRESH Alaska snow crab (Opilio) has a sweet richness not found in crab that has been... MORE INFO$24.95 lb
- No thawing! Just heat and serve.
- A fun, affordable crab feast.
- Out of stock
D'Artagnan White Truffle Butter, 3 ozMORE INFO
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EZ ShellerMORE INFO
D'Artagnan White Truffle Butter, 3 oz
Ceramic Butter Warmer
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Sony Walkman NWZ-W273 sports media playerPocket-lint
The Sony Walkman W273 sports headphones are the latest "active" headphones from Sony and are designed for runners, or those keen to ditch the need for a headphone cable trailing somewhere over their body, when they exercise.
No wires, well only one
Unlike most media players available on the market, the W273 is wire-free, with all of the MP3's internals built right into the headset. Basically the MP3 player has got so small now you don't need a separate box to carry. The only wire you do get is joining the two earpieces together and this cable trails around the back of your head, out of the way. A simple clip allows you to pull it tight against your noggin, although you don't need it.
If you're worried that makes for a heavy headset, don't be. We found the W273s light and comfortable to run with once we got the fitting correct - we impatiently set off without getting it spot-on first time, and they kept falling out. It was us, not them and you do get small, medium and large earbuds in the box to make sure you get a decent fit regardless of your ear size.
Music on the go
The new Walkman offers 4GB of storage in black, white, and blue colour options meaning it should be more than enough for your average run or workout, and we especially like the ability to charge them for 3 minutes - while you do your shoelaces up, say - to give you 60 minutes of run time.
The small headphones feature all the controls you would expect, including play, pause, skip forward and backwards, and volume. There is a lock switch so you avoid accidental presses, and when you do press a button a voice tells you what you've pressed to make things easier while you're working out.
Charging and transferring songs
The Sony NWZ-W273 headphones come with a docking station that plugs into your PC or Mac. The docking station acts as a charging module as well. The MP3 player simply appears as a standard USB drive on your computer, making music transfer nice and easy, Sony has learnt a lot since the early days of MP3 players when it used to force you to use its own app.
You can add music to the player simply by adding it to the music folder. The W273 supports MP3; WMA (Non-DRM), AAC-LC (Non-DRM), and Linear PCM files. If you've got an iTunes library, as long as the files are DRM-free you'll be fine. Transfer, we noticed, is quick and easy.
Wet and sweaty
Sony brags of the W273 being the first 100 per cent waterproof Walkman, perfect for swimming and other athletics, or even if you are just looking to clean it after you've got all hot and sweaty. You can actually go 2m under water with the headphones although the sound quality isn't great when submerged. What that waterproofing means in reality, is that you can keep running in the rain, or listen to music in the shower without any worry.
Battery life
A full 1.5 hour charge gives the W273 a full 8 hours of playback. during our testing, we've yet to need a recharge, and we've been running with them a lot.
Sound performance
We're impressed by the capabilities of the W273 sports headphones. The mix between bass and treble is well-balanced, regardless of what you listen to, although you do have to make sure you get a good ear-fit to maximise the sound potential.
We tested it with a number of different tracks from Chemical Brothers through Norah Jones and out the other side to The Prodigy, and the headphones certainly coped well with the base levels on The Prodigy tracks.
As a solo device, there aren't really many negatives to put you off. If, on the other hand, you are someone who uses a running app on your phone while you run, or you're already carrying an MP3 player with you then, for extra cash, it doesn't seem worth the hassle.
We would recommend getting a pair of Bluetooth headphones to let you ditch the wires between your music and your ears. And, phones have the advantage that they let you stream music from Spotify, something you can't do here.
But, if you are looking to keep things simple, and want music when you head out to do some exercise, these perform very nicely indeed.
Lost luggage could be a thing of the past thanks to Samsonite and Vodafone
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- IPad Pro 2 not expected until May or even June, says report


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Can't use traditional chopsticks? Enter the Clothespin Chopsticks by Décor Craft Inc. no need to worry about dexterity. These items come in several Lucite colors and are super easy to use.
The idea stems from the popular chop-stick-for-beginners trick to use an elastic band and a wrapper to make an easy to use set of sticks. However, these chop sticks are a bit more fashionable, so people won't suspect that you have a lack of dexterity.
Pass the sushi, please.
Clothespin Chopsticks
More Stats +/-
Caffeinated Sandwich Spreads
Retractable Prong Plugs
Ultra-Strong Kevlar Cables
Single-Use Soap Sheets
AR Forestry Apps
A Unique Approach to Eating Your Food by Decor Craft
Dec 5, 2005By: Walter Andri -
References: decorcraftinc
References: decorcraftinc


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Watch Recreation (1914) Free Online
IMDB Link:
Rating: 5.1/10 (630 votes)
Director: Charles Chaplin
Writer: N/A
Stars: Charles Chaplin
FULL CAST: Recreation (1914) - Full Cast and Crew
Runtime: 7 min
Rated: N/A
Type: movie
Year: 1914
Genre: Comedy, Short
Quality: HD
Language: English
Released: 13 Aug 1914
|Storyline: Charlie is walking in the park. A girl leaves a seaman on one bench and joins Charlie on another. The seaman wakes up. He and Charlie stage a brick fight. Policemen get hit and arrest both men. During an ensuing fight on the dock the policemen, the seaman, Charlie and the girl wind up in the water.
Watch Recreation (1914) - Alternative Servers
|Version 2


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Located in the rapidly expanding area of Barrhaven on Woodroffe Avenue ideal for restaurant, retail or medical users, a major arterial road. GLA 3,000 square feet with a large outdoor patio. Utilities are additional.
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Niche NWA Service Business $210,000+ Cash Flow #450748 posted Aug 1, 2016
- Arkansas, United States
- $555,000
This niche plumbing related business has been serving NWA residential and commercial customers for over ten years. It produced over $210,000 in SDE (Seller Discretionary Earnings) in 2016. It can be ramped up to do much more with a motivated buyer. The owner only works in the business part-time and...
Industrial Services Company with Manufacturing #453614 posted Sep 12, 2016
- United States
- Between $2,500,000 and $5,000,000
This Industrial Services Company (ISC) offers a prospective acquirer some exciting growth opportunities. Industrial Services is among the fastest growing segments in the Manufacturing/Industrial sector. The primary reason for the growth is due to the increased outsourcing of these functions by the...
Established Profitable Children's Technology Ed. #403923 posted Mar 31, 2016
- Austin, Texas, United States
- $225,000
Great opportunity to own your own business and teach children important skills for their future! This well-known company offers enjoyable and educational STEM enrichment programs to help foster a passion for technology in children. The unique curriculum, latest technology, and well-trained high quality...
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WASHINGTON (AP) An expected merger between al-Qaeda and an East African terror group that has recruited young Somali men from Minnesota could increase the danger to the U.S., counterterrorism officials told Congress on Wednesday.
They said that it will likely take time for the Somalia-based al-Shabab to extend its focus beyond its own country and mirror al-Qaeda's global jihadist views.
ON GUARD: Terrorist watch list hits 1 million
Andrew Liepman, deputy director of intelligence at the National Counterterrorism Center, said that so far, the Somali-American teens who disappeared from their homes in the Minneapolis region and lured back to Somalia to fight are more likely being used as "cannon fodder" there. And it does not yet appear that they are being trained to return to the U.S. to set up sleeper cells for potential attacks, he said.
Both Liepman and J. Philip Mudd, a senior FBI official, told the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, however, that counterterrorism officials are watching the situation closely because of al-Qaeda's potential influence on al-Shabab.
On Tuesday, Defense Intelligence Agency Director Lt. Gen. Michael Maples told senators that al-Shabab is poised to merge formally with al-Qaeda, strengthening al-Qaeda's foothold in East Africa. Asked about that assertion on Wednesday, Mudd said a merger doesn't necessarily mean that al-Qaeda would immediately gain control of al-Shabab's operations.
Sen. Joe Lieberman, I-Conn., said he understands that U.S. authorities are investigating the recruitment of the young men in Minneapolis, "which may result in the arrest of several individuals" for radicalizing the teens. Mudd would only say that the investigation is ongoing.
Lieberman and other panel members pressed officials for their assessment of the threat to the U.S. that the recruiting brings, including the prospects of the youth returning to wage attacks.
Mudd said he believes the number of Somali recruits from the U.S. is in the "tens," and officials noted that other Americans have also gone to Somalia to join the fight there.
The State Department considers al-Shabab a terrorist organization, with growing links to al-Qaeda, something the group denies. Al-Shabab, which means "The Youth," has been gaining ground as Somalia's Western-backed government crumbles. The group's goal is to establish an Islamic state in Somalia.
Officials also told the panel that recent changes in Somalia, including the departure of Ethiopian forces from Mogadishu after two years, may dilute al-Shabab's insurgency there by removing one of their key rallying points.
Late last year, a young Somali man who had left Minneapolis became a suicide bomber. He detonated a bomb he was wearing as part of a series of coordinated attacks targeting a U.N. compound, the Ethiopian consulate and the presidential palace in Somaliland's capital, Hargeisa. It was the first known time a U.S. citizen was a suicide bomber.
Osman Ahmed's nephew was one of the other recruits lured away from Minnesota. And Ahmed told the senators Wednesday that he blamed the high school student's departure in part on a local mosque.
He said his nephew, Burhan Hassan, was just 8 months old when he left his Somali homeland, traveling first to a refugee camp in Kenya before settling in Minnesota with his mother. Hassan, he said, was a good student and was taking calculus and chemistry in his senior year at Roosevelt High School and studying Islam at the nearby Abu-Bakar As-Saddique mosque.
Ahmed said others who disappeared also went to the mosque.
"It is the dream of every Somali parent to have their children go to the mosque, but none of them expected to have their children's mind programmed in a manner that is in line with the extremist's ideologies," he said.
According to Ahmed, information the families have gotten back from people in Somalia suggests the teens are lured back with notions of Islamic utopia. When they arrive, he said, they are whisked to military camps and are told that if they try to return to the U.S. they will end up in the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba.
The counterterrorism officials stressed that they are not seeing a widespread radicalization of Somali-Americans, many of whom fled the violence in their homeland. Many, they said, are single mothers struggling to raise their families and fit in despite ongoing language and cultural hurdles.
Copyright 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Kilt Society™
Luxury 3 Button Prince Charlie Waistcoat
Product Details
As well as the classic black, this waistcoat comes in a variety of colours to match all the most popular tartans. This means you can have a different colour from your jacket, which will attract some comments when you take the jacket off, or so we've heard. The waistcoat lining, and therefore the back of the vest too, is made from fabric with a thistle emblem woven into it, a nice added touch we think, which adds to the originality of this waistcoat.
As you want this vest to fit neatly, we recommend that you measure carefully before ordering. As well as taking your chest size, you might want to measure just above your navel, just in case that's a wee bit bigger. You can then decide whether to go up a size for ease of buttoning.
Made from 15oz barathea new wool
3 Celtic emblem polished buttons
Scottish thistle jacquard lining
Available in a range of colours, sizes and lengths
Made in the UK


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Slot 1 Active
Slot 2 Active
Slot 3 Active
Slot 4 Active
Slot 5 Passive
Slot 6 Passive
Build Guide
Welcome to my first guide and i hope i help u to play Greystone.
First word:
Sadly i dont have a Guardian Ward, but if i have one, i would replace my Brawlers Ward, same with 1 or 2 minor pierce for my rust-breaker.
I think Offtank/DMG is most effective on him, thats why i build him this way. And i think he is more a laner, then a jungler. But he is fine in the jungle, but atm Rampage,Khameira,Grux are much better in the jungle.
Skill Order: (the leveling on this site is bugged for me, dunno why)
E [Passiv] -> Q [spin] (if jgl), RMB [jump] (if lane) -> then Q or RMB after that i max Ult > passiv > spin > jump
I think the passiv has most use in the early game, thats why i max it asap.
In the jungle: FGH&W! (Farming, Ganking, Harvester&Warding).
Spawntime Harvester: In Jungle at min 3
Sidelanes at min 6
Orb Prime at min 9
Take and hold as much Harvester as possible, they winning games by his own!
Put some deep wards in the enemy jungle or defensive wards to clear they deep wards for better ganking.
Giveaway the buffs, Greystone don't need them (maybe red).
I start early with a white camp and try to gank the nearest lane. after that i go for the buff and another white camp, place a harvester and go back to shop.
On the lane (solo/support): Last hit, attack from behind (if possible), wait for ganks.
And also important: block attacks with your body, this way they miss last hits AND the lane is pushing to your turret. Your a pretty tanky and earlygame dmg from them is rly weak. Control the lane, and let them push towards you. Your jungler should gank then for easy kills and snowball from that.
Take jgl minions only, if your jungler dont take them or you need just a little CXP for your next cards. Aslong the jgl minions aren't 5, let them stack for your jungler, he needs them.
Teamfights: Flank them and focus their DDs...if no1 protect your DDs, do it. With this build u deal good dmg and you are pretty tanky. And remember, "Honor never dies" :D
If jungle start Beastmasterkey -> health & armor token & health potion -> ward item -> Offensive Maneuvers -> sell Key get rust-breaker + upgrade -> upgrade ward ->sell health token get Adamant Edge + upgrade -> sell armor token get Windcarver Blade + upgrade -> sell potion getBloodrite Brand + upgrade -> Injured Rage + upgrade
Lane: health & armor token & health potion -> ward item -> Offensive Maneuvers -> sell Key get rust-breaker + upgrade -> upgrade ward ->sell health token get Adamant Edge + upgrade -> sell armor token get Windcarver Blade + upgrade -> sell potion getBloodrite Brand + upgrade -> Injured Rage + upgrade. If your jungler is dump and jungle without a key, get a beastmaster early so u can place some harvester.
Endgame stats (without critical health)
197 physical DMG
75 Mana
32 Armor pen
700 HP (this leads to nearly to 3000 HP)
65 Attack Speed
3% critchance
40% Lifesteal
Also put some armor and energy armor cards in the deck, if u need to be more tanky.
so thats it for now... and i want to know: what do u think about this guide?
sorry for not writing perfect english, its not my native language ;)
Maybe i make a YT-Video guide in the future, either in german and/or in english, stay tuned.
German Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjXByIpPNTQ
Btw. here is the Link to my build on Agora, have fun and win some games with Jaime Lannister ;)


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Technology - Indianapolis, IN - Full Time Location: Indianapolis, IN OR Chicago, IL Job Description: The Software Quality Engineer will be responsible for product quality at Geofeedia. In this critical position, you will work closely with the Product Management, Software12/25/2016 Indianapolis, IN Save This Job
SAN FRANCISCOSALESFULL-TIME APPLY FOR THIS JOB The Industrial Internet is coming. Do you want to make your mark in this new industry? As a Sales Engineer at Sight Machine you?ll have the unique opportunity to help shape a technology, and a company in the emerging Manufacturing12/24/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
A pioneer in developing and implementing next-generation LED lighting solutions, Digital Lumens is taking a game-changing approach to the industrial lighting market. With the introduction of the first Intelligent Lighting System, the company is combining LEDs, networking and12/24/2016 Boston, MA Save This Job
AUTHORIZED BY: Jeff Mauer, Mgr Cust Support & Test Eng DATE: 5/18/16 Avtron is the world leader in the design and manufacture of Computer Controlled Electronic and Electrohydraulic Aircraft Maintenance Support Equipment and Test Systems. Our ever expanding Aerospace Division is12/24/2016 Cleveland, OH Save This Job
As a Senior Web Development Engineer, you are an integral member of the client-side software development team working on FirstBest System?s flagship products that are transforming the insurance industry. You possess high proficiency in the latest Open Source web technology11/15/2016 Bedford, MA Save This Job
PowerReviews software is used by more 5,000 e-commerce and brand sites around the world to collect customer reviews and answer customer questions. The PowerReviews syndication network reaches more than 500 million in-market shoppers each month. Clients use our service to drive2/14/2017 Chicago, IL Save This Job
PowerReviews works with more than 1,000 global brands and retailers to increase conversion and improve products and the customer experience with ratings and reviews and Q&A software. Ratings and reviews solutions from PowerReviews are essential for consumers as they search2/14/2017 Chicago, IL Save This Job
About NinthDecimal: NinthDecimal is the leading mobile audience intelligence company empowering marketers with the most comprehensive understanding of people by connecting their digital and physical lives. Fortune 500 companies and marquee brands, including Microsoft, Target,2/8/2017 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
At eHarmony, we've never shied away from big challenges. We came together in 2000 believing that with a mix of psychology and some cutting edge technology, we could create relationships that were happier, more fulfilling and enduring.2/4/2017 Los Angeles, CA Save This Job
Career Opportunities Login Engineering Atlanta, GA, USA Salary Full Time Email Me Similar JobsEmail Me This Job POSITION SUMMARY: This role is responsible for facilitating project testing efforts and for the creation, expansion, and maintenance of Vesta's Automated Test2/22/2017 Atlanta, GA Save This Job
Career Opportunities Login Engineering Portland, OR, USA Salary Full Time Email Me Similar JobsEmail Me This Job POSITION SUMMARY: This role is responsible for facilitating project testing efforts and for the creation, expansion, and maintenance of Vesta's Automated Test2/22/2017 Portland, OR Save This Job
Technology Operations San Francisco, Seattle, Boston, Remote APPLY NOW Linden Lab builds places where anyone can create virtual worlds. Our team builds and maintains the product pipeline through which our virtual world platform services and client installers run. We?re a2/16/2017 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Operations Santa Clara, CA, United States Responsibilities: Collaborate with Design, Test, Foundry and Reliability Engineering to drive NPI DFM to meet product quality, cost and manufacturing requirements. Characterize NPI product performances and yield including bench2/16/2017 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
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Pivot3 is a fast growing pioneer of Hyper-Converged Infrastructure (HCI) and Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), exciting technologies that is driving a profound transformation in IT. Analyst firm Gartner has identified HCI as being the hottest area of IT for the next several2/15/2017 Washington, DC Save This Job
Technical Support San Jose, CA, United States Apply Send Jobvite MapR delivers on the promise of Hadoop, making managing and analyzing Big Data a reality for more business users. The award-winning MapR Distribution brings unprecedented dependability, speed and ease-of-use to2/15/2017 San Jose, CA Save This Job
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Position Summary: This position requires an individual with a mechanical engineering background willing to work in a team environment to develop new industrial products. Important attributes include the ability to apply creative solutions to challenging mechanical problems along2/9/2017 Wallingford, CT Save This Job
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This review contains some spoilers.' If twisty-turny action-thrillers starring Angelina Jolie are your cup of tea, then you're in luck -- for that's exactly what Salt is. Humdrum in its opening stretch, the film becomes increasingly tense as the loyalties and motives of our main character come into question. And even if the picture ultimately winds up being exactly what we figured it would be when we saw the very first preview for it, it still manages to hold our attention throughout.
Jolie plays the title character -- Evelyn Salt -- a CIA agent who, soon after we first meet her, fields a "walk-in." That would be an intelligence operative from the opposing side who comes in from the cold, as it were. In this case the walk-in claims to be a Russian defector, and he says there is a sleeper agent in the agency's midst -- Salt herself! Could our beautiful Angelina really be a no-good Russkie spy?


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Sandalwood Drive, Calimesa CA, 92320 (Land Lot)
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Status: Sold
Last Updated: 2/25/2017 10:59 PM
Description for Sandalwood Drive Calimesa, CA 92320
Rural property with no utilities or roads. Best use is as a spec lot.
Sold Price:
Sold Date:07/29/2014
Rural property with no utilities or roads. Best use is as a spec lot.
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Raw La, Rural, Lot Over 40
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Calimesa Real Estate
Calimesa is located in California. Calimesa, California 92320 has a population of 7,932.
The median household income in Calimesa, California 92320 is $44,817. The median household income for the surrounding county is $57,096 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Calimesa 92320 is 52 years.
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Japanese No Dramas
By (author) Penguin Group (UK)
Translated by Royall Tyler
Introduction by Royall Tyler
Format: Paperback
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Japanese No Dramas by Penguin Group (UK)
Book DescriptionJapanese no theatre or the drama of 'perfected art' flourished in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries largely through the genius of the dramatist Zeami. An intricate fusion of music, dance, mask, costume and language, the dramas address many subjects, but the idea of 'form' is more central than 'meaning' and their structure is always ritualized. Selected for their literary merit, the twenty-four plays in this volume dramatize such ideas as the relationship between men and the gods, brother and sister, parent and child, lover and beloved, and the power of greed and desire. Revered in Japan as a cultural treasure, the spiritual and sensuous beauty of these works has been a profound influence for English-speaking artists including W. B. Yeats, Ezra Pound and Benjamin Britten.
Buy Japanese No Dramas book by Penguin Group (UK) from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780140445398
(198mm x 129mm x 22mm)
Pages: 384
Imprint: Penguin Classics
Publisher: Penguin Books Ltd
Publish Date: 29-Oct-1992
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Books By Author Penguin Group (UK)
Doctor Who: The Essential Guide, Hardback (April 2016)
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Containing eight pieces of contemporary fiction in the original Spanish and in English translation, this volume gives an insight into Spanish and Latin American culture and literature.
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Author Biography - Penguin Group (UK)
Royall Tyler was born in London, England, and grew up in Massachusetts, England, Washington D.C., and Paris. He has a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages from Harvard, and an M.A. in Japanese History and Ph. D. in Japanese literature from Columbia University. He has taught Japanese language and culture at, among other places, Ohio State University, the University of Wisconsin, and the University of Oslo, in Norway. Beginning in 1990, he taught at the Australian National University, in Canberra, from which he retired at the end of 2000. He will spent the American academic year 2001-02 as a Visiting Professor at Harvard.Tyler and his wife Susan live in a rammed earth house on 100 acres in the bush about seventy miles from Canberra, where they breed alpacas as a hobby.Royall Tyler s previous works include Japanese Noh Dramas, a selection and translation of Noh plays published by Penguin; Japanese Tales and French Folktales, anthologies published by Pantheon; and The Miracles of the Kasuga Deity, a study of a medieval Japanese cult published by Columbia University Press."
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Cassidy prepares for role as senator
Tue, 2014-12-09 14:03
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Cormier voted in as Plaquemines parish president
BELLE CHASSE — A former parish councilman and school teacher won a runoff election to become the next parish president in Plaquemines.
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Influencer - top stories
Trump's deportation raids: What we know and don't know
4 mentions — 4 days ago
Late last week, immigration agents in Seattle arrested a 23-year-old undocumented Mexican immigrant named Daniel Ramírez Medina—the first time, according to Reuters, a "Dreamer" was apprehended since Donald Trump entered ...
Text messages might be the new way hackers try to steal your info
3 mentions — 1 week ago
Back in 2014, Mexico became the first nation to pass a sugary-drinks tax, overcoming massive pushback from the soda industry. Big soda resisted the tax for good reason—Mexico boasts the ...
Trump asks African-American reporter to arrange meeting with Congressional Black Caucus
3 mentions — 5 days ago
During a chaotic and rambling press conference on Thursday, April Ryan, an African-American journalist with the American Urban Radio Networks, asked President Donald Trump if he would be arranging a ...
Kellyanne Conway's white nationalist retweet is no mistake
6 mentions — 6 days ago
Late Monday, coming off of a long evening of responding to Gen. Mike Flynn's resignation as National Security Adviser, senior Trump adviser Kellyanne Conway found solace in a tweet from ...
The private prison industry is licking its chops over Trump's deportation plans
5 mentions — 2 hours ago
Immigration agents sparked panic across the country last week, when a series of high-profile operations made it clear that a new era of crackdowns on undocumented immigrants had begun. Coming ...
This bill would require abortions to be approved by men
3 mentions — 1 week ago
In Oklahoma, abortion rights advocates breathed a big sigh of relief when a particularly draconian measure, requiring a woman seeking an abortion to get written approval from the man who ...
Donald Trump is turning his Mar-a-Lago estate into a national security nightmare
3 mentions — 1 week ago
President Donald Trump was reportedly alerted to the news of North Korea's missile firing on Saturday, while dining with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe at Mar-a-Lago, the exclusive club owned ...
Time magazine just released it's new cover—and Trump is going to hate it
2 mentions — 5 days ago
President Donald Trump's first month in office has been marked by a series of seemingly unending disasters—from bungled executive orders and the abrupt resignation of his national security adviser, to ...
The Clinton campaign sent fake phishing emails to its own staff
3 mentions — 5 days ago
Hillary Clinton's run for the White House will be remembered for many things, but information security isn't likely to be one of them. Her campaign was buffeted by two major ...
Trump expected to sign executive orders hitting the EPA
3 mentions — 4 days ago
Scott Pruitt will almost certainly be the next head of the Environmental Protection Agency. The Oklahoma attorney general's nomination is expected to sail through Senate—possibly as soon as Friday—despite Democrats' ...
Why does a white guy always have to be the hero?
2 mentions — 3 days ago
Chinese director Zhang Yimou, of Hero and House of Flying Dragons fame, made his English-language debut with The Great Wall, which opened Friday. But in a story set in ancient ...
Trump administration denies considering use of National Guard for deportations
2 mentions — 4 days ago
The Department of Homeland Security on Friday denied reports that the Trump administration is considering using as many as 100,000 National Guard troops to detain undocumented immigrants living in the ...
Does Donald Trump's Supreme Court nominee believe the Constitution is God's Law?
5 mentions — 6 hours ago
During his confirmation hearings, scheduled to begin March 20, Supreme Court nominee Neil Gorsuch will face a thorough grilling about his legal philosophy. Among the topics likely to come up ...
Milo Yiannopoulos Is Having a Very Bad Day
2 mentions — 22 hours ago
After CPAC invited Breitbart senior editor Milo Yiannopoulos to speak at this year's gathering, video surfaced appearing to show the alt-right leader endorsing pederasty. The conservative conference was eventually forced ...
"Jane Roe" has died. Abortion rights might not be far behind.
3 mentions — 3 days ago
Norma McCorvey, the "Jane Roe" plaintiff in the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court case that legalized abortion in the United States, died Saturday at at an assisted-living facility in Katy,
The Capital's hottest restaurants will shut down to protest Trump
3 mentions — 6 days ago
Urban dwellers in Washington, DC, will have a tough time dining out tomorrow: A growing number of the city's restaurants and bars will be closed in solidarity with a strike ...
Senate confirms Trump's controversial EPA pick—without reading his emails
2 mentions — 4 days ago
Scott Pruitt was confirmed Friday as the nation's 14th administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, despite the fact that a trove of emails between Pruitt's office and fossil fuel interests ...
There's poetry about Beyoncé now—and it's amazing
2 mentions — 6 days ago
When poet Morgan Parker was in grad school at New York University working on her MFA in 2010, pop star Beyoncé kept making her way into her verses. It was ...
K.T. McFarland is too much to swallow, so Robert Harward turns down NSA position
3 mentions — 5 days ago
After Michael Flynn resigned/was fired as National Security Advisor, everyone breathed a sigh of relief when the top prospect to replace him turned out to be Retired Vice Admiral Robert ...
Trump just had a crazy nervous breakdown on national television
3 mentions — 5 days ago
President Donald Trump intensified his attack on the media in a wild press conference Thursday, once again characterizing the press as "dishonest" in response to recent reports that have depicted ...
Anti-Muslim hate groups in America have tripled with the rise of Trump
4 mentions — 5 days ago
The number of anti-Muslim hate groups in America tripled last year, according to a report released Wednesday by the Southern Poverty Law Center, a watchdog organization that tracks political extremists.
Trump repeatedly ducks questions about alleged campaign contacts with Russia
4 mentions — 5 days ago
In a wide-ranging and an at-times erratic press conference that lasted more than an hour Thursday afternoon, President Donald Trump said that he had "nothing to do" with any possible ...
Michael Flynn Has Just Resigned As National Security Advisor
3 mentions — 1 week ago
Beleaguered National Security Advisor Michael Flynn has resigned in the face of mounting controversy related to his communications with the Russian government, according to reports from multiple news outlets. TIME's ...
Trump Blasts Report of "Repeated" Campaign Contact with Russia
3 mentions — 6 days ago
President Donald Trump angrily repudiated a New York Times report that alleged his aides engaged in "repeated" contact with Russian officials throughout the campaign, taking to his Twitter account on ...
Workers allege violations at franchises of the company run by Donald Trump's Labor nominee
3 mentions — 6 days ago
Fast-food workers across the country find the idea of Andrew Puzder as secretary of Labor pretty unappetizing. Labor nominee Puzder—whose company, CKE Restaurants, controls the Carl's Jr. and Hardee's chains—has ...
Here's why Michael Flynn still needs to be investigated
6 mentions — 1 week ago
With Michael Flynn's resignation, the Flynn story is not done—and neither is the need for an investigation of Flynn and his contacts with Russia. Late on Monday night, Flynn, Donald ...
We should practice truth in statistics, even when it hurts
3 mentions — 18 hours ago
Donald Trump at his pep rally yesterday on immigration: You look at what's happening in Germany, you look at what's happening last night in Sweden. Sweden, who would believe this.
Watch Kellyanne Conway try (and fail) to spin Michael Flynn's sudden resignation
3 mentions — 1 week ago
White House counselor Kellyanne Conway struggled to respond to questions regarding Michael Flynn's abrupt resignation Monday night as national security adviser, brushing aside reports that the White House had been ...
If Trump gets his way, these will be the first places to ban abortion
6 mentions — 6 days ago
Like many Democrats, State Rep. Sara Feigenholtz, who is now in her 12th term representing Illinois' 12th district, didn't expect Donald Trump to win the presidency. But on November 9,
Here's why Donald Trump can't come clean on Russia
8 mentions — 5 days ago
There is an old chestnut that gets tossed out whenever a scandal hits: It's not the crime, it's the cover-up. The saying traces back to Watergate. Sen. Howard Baker, the ...
Exclusive: classified memo tells intelligence analysts to keep Trump's daily brief short
4 mentions — 4 days ago
Keep it short and free of nuance—that is the new guidance that has recently circulated to some intelligence analysts who compile materials for the President's Daily Brief on security threats ...
A police department in Dallas lost years of evidence after a cyberattack
5 mentions — 1 week ago
In early January, Collin Beggs, a criminal defense lawyer in Dallas, was talking with a Dallas County prosecutor about police video evidence that he'd been trying to get for months ...
Trump just held his first campaign rally for the 2020 race
4 mentions — 3 days ago
On Saturday, just one month into his presidency, President Donald Trump held the first rally of his 2020 presidential campaign. Trump was introduced by several Florida congressmen before making a ...
Here are the churches fighting back against Trump's immigration crackdown
5 mentions — 6 hours ago
For the past eight years, Jeanette Vizguerra had shown up for every one of her required check-ins with US Immigrations and Customs Enforcement. Though Vizguerra, an undocumented immigrant from Mexico,
New documents reveal how Trump's deportation plan will really work
4 mentions — 40 minutes ago
In memos released to the media Tuesday, the Department of Homeland Security detailed how it will implement President Donald Trump's controversial executive orders on immigration, laying out a blueprint for ...
Democrats to White House: What did Trump know, and when did he know it?
3 mentions — 6 days ago
Michael Flynn may have lost his job as national security adviser, but congressional Democrats have made clear that they aren't going to let the Trump administration sweep the scandal under ...


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All Entries Tagged With: "relaunch"
Jagimo! The Social Mashup Re-Launch
Posted by Adam | Jun 27, 2011 | Comments 0
Woern LLC today announces Jagimo! 3.0.08, an update to their addictive mobile social gaming app for iOS devices. Jagimo! enables users to create mashups of words and photos with random people from around the world. Share ideas and photos with random people from around the world and enjoy the mashups. The re-launch adds social networking features, translation and updates the current look-and-feel.
The B-Boys are Back Re-Launch of Breakdance Champion Red Bull BC One
Posted by Adam | Jun 03, 2011 | Comments 0
Red Bull has re-launched their stunning app Break Dance Champion Red Bull BC One for iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and Android. The player has to master 28 levels with easy and hard taplines packed with nearly 650 motion-captured moves that have been realistically transported into the dance choreography, directly from the masters of the scene themselves. 14 locations and 29 licensed B-Boy sound tracks fuel the action and set the right vibe.
BreakThru Radio announces its site relaunch on the iPhone and iPad
Posted by Press Releases | Nov 22, 2010 | Comments 0New York, NY – BreakThru Radio is pleased to announce the relaunch of its 5-year-running website on November 22nd. Along with a complete aesthetic overhaul, BreakThru Radio will be integrating a multimedia platform idea that is completely unique from its competitors. Original podcasts, editorial content, and HD video will work hand-in-hand to bring the BTR audience a complete multimedia experience covering each topic in multiple interesting ways. All of this, while still sticking to its original mantra to find and present the best new, independent, and undiscovered music from across the globe.