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84pc children not immunised in Balochistan
QUETTA: In Balochistan, 84 per cent children are not immunised and are prone to various preventable and fatal diseases, data from the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) revealed.
Out of 100, only 16pc children are fully immunised, which appears to be an alarming situation in the province, Dr Syed Saifur Rehman, the Coordinator of Emergency Operation Center (EOC) said.
Balochistan, the country's resource-rich but least developed province is lagging behind other provinces in terms of key social indicators, data from the provincial health department shows.
The Balochistan Government has decided to simultaneously launch routine immunisation along with polio eradication program to ensure immunisation of children in the province.
Officials of the EOC and Extended Program for Immunisation (EPI) held a meeting to discuss ways and means to launch an effective program to ensure immunisation of all children.
Officials from the Unicef and World Health Organization (WHO) assured the meeting of providing technical and logistical support for smooth immunisation in the province.
However, an official of the Balochistan Health Department who requested anonymity since he was not authorized to speak to media told that most of the EPI centres across the province were non-functional.
"Only 10 out of 27 EPI centers in district Killa Abdullah are functional", he said, adding that the situation was not much different in other 31 districts of the province.
Balochistan government has launched EPI to eradicate polio, measles, chicken pox, hepatitis and other five preventable diseases. "Every year, these preventable diseases claim the lives of scores of children", the official said, giving no exact number of child deaths.
The routine immunisation program along with the Polio Eradication Initiative will be launched in high-risk union councils at the initial stage. "It will be a pilot program and later will be extended across the province,"Dr Saifur Rehman said.
Balochistan government has declared 45 union councils as high-risk in Quetta and Killa Abdullah districts. Routine immunisation will be simultaneously launched with polio eradication program in these high risk union councils.
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Plant Biology
PLANT ORGANS 1. THE BASIC PLANT ORGANS Plants draw resources from two very different environments: below-ground and above-ground. Plants must absorb water and minerals from below the ground and carbon dioxide in light from above the ground. This led to the development of free basic organs: roots, stems, and leaves. Roots are not photosynthetic and would starve without the organic nutrients imported from the stems and leaves. Conversely, the stems and leaves depend on the water and minerals that roots absorb from the soil.
ROOTS The root is an organ that anchors a vascular plant, usually to the soil. It absorbs minerals and water, and often stores organic nutrients. A taproot system consists of one main vertical root which gives rise to lateral roots. The taproot often stores organic nutrients at the plant consumes wearing flowering and fruit production. For this reason, root crops such as carrots, turnips, and sugar beets are harvested before they flower. Taproot systems generally penetrate deeply into the ground.
ROOTS In seedless vascular plants and grasses, many small roots grow from the stem in what is called a fibrous root system. No roots stand out as the main one. Roots that arise from this damn are said to be adventitious. A fibrous root system is usually shallower than a taproot system this system makes grassroots particularly useful because they hold the top soil in place, preventing erosion.
ROOTS The entire route system helps anchor of plant, but the absorption of water and minerals occurs primarily near the root tips, where vast numbers of tiny root hairs increase the surface area of the root enormously. A root hair is an extension of a root at the dermal cell. Absorption is often enhanced by symbiotic relationships between plant roots and fungi and bacteria.
STEMS A stem is an organ system consisting of nodes (the points at which leaves are attached), and internodes (the stem segments between nodes). In the angle formed by each leaf and the stem is an axillary bud, a structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, commonly called a branch. Most axillary buds of a young shoot are dormant. Thus, elongation of a young shoot is usually concentrated near the shoot apex (tip), which consists of a terminal bud with developing leaves.
STEMS The resources of a plant are concentrated at the apex for elongation growth to increase the plant's exposure to light. But what if an animal eats the end of the shoot? Or what if light is obstructed there? Under such conditions, axillary buds began growing. A growing axillary bud gives rise to a lateral shoot with its own terminal bud, leaves, and axillary buds. Removing the terminal bud usually stimulates the growth of axillary buds resulting in more lateral shoots. That is why pruning trees and shrubs and pinching back houseplants will make them bushier.
STEMS Modified stems with different functions have evolved in many plants as an adaptation to the environment. These modified stems, which include stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs, are often mistaken for roots. A stolon is a horizontal stem that grows along the surface of the soil. These runners enable a plant to reproduce asexually, as plantlets form at nodes along each runner. An example is found in the strawberry plant. A rhizome is a horizontal stem that grows just below the surface of the soil. An example is the edible base of a ginger plant. A tuber is an enlarged end of a rhizome that has become specialized for storing food. An example is a potato. The eyes of a potato are clusters of axillary buds that mark nodes. A bulb is a vertical, underground shoot consisting mostly of the enlarged bases of leaves that store food. An example is an onion.
LEAVES The leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of most plants, although green stems also perform photosynthesis. Leaves generally consist of a flattened blade and a stalk (the petiole ), which joins the leaf to a node of the stem. Plants differ in the arrangement of veins, which are the vascular tissue of leaves.
LEAVES Most monocot leaves (like grass) have parallel major veins that run the length of the leaf blade. In contrast, eudicot leaves (like trees and most other plants) generally have a multi-branched network of major veins. Plants are sometimes classified according to the shape of the leaves and the pattern of the veins.
LEAVES Most leaves are specialized for photosynthesis. However, some plant species have leaves that have become adapted for other functions, such as support, protection, storage, or reproduction. Tendrils are modified leaves which allow a pea plant to cling for support. The spines of a cactus are modified leaves which serve as protection. Succulent plants, such as the ice plant, have storage leaves for storing water. The red parts of a poinsettia plant are often mistaken for petals but are actually modified leaves called bracts that attract pollinators. Some leaves are modified for reproduction, such as those which produce tiny plantlets, which fall off the leaf and take root in the soil.
PLANT TISSUES 2. PLANT TISSUES Each plant organ (root, stem, or leaf) has dermal, vascular, and ground tissues. A tissue system consists of one or more tissues organized into a functional unit connecting the organs of a plant.
DERMAL TISSUE SYSTEM The dermal tissue system is the outer protective covering of a plant. Like our skin, it forms the first line of defense against physical damage and pathogenic (disease causing) organisms. In non-woody plants, the dermal tissue usually consists of a single layer of tightly packed cells called the epidermis. In woody plants, protective tissues known as periderm replace the epidermis in older regions of the stems and roots. In addition to protecting the plant from water loss and disease, the epidermis has special characteristics in each organ. For example, at the tip of roots, the epidermis has extensions called root hairs which absorb water and minerals. In the epidermis of leaves and most stems, a waxy coating called the cuticle prevents water loss.
VASCULAR TISSUE SYSTEM The vascular tissue system carries out long distance transport of materials between roots and shoots. The two vascular tissues are xylem and phloem. Xylem conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots in to be shoots. Phloem transports nutrients such as sugars from where they are made (usually the leaves) to where they are needed (usually the roots, developing leaves, and fruits). The vascular tissue of a root or stem is collectively called the stele.
GROUND TISSUE SYSTEM Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are part of the ground tissues system. Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue is called pith, and ground tissue that is external to the vascular tissue is called cortex. The ground tissues system includes various cells specialized for functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and support.
TYPES OF GROWTH Unlike most animals, plant growth occurs throughout the life of the plant. Except for periods of dormancy, most plants grow continuously. Eventually of course, plants die. Based on the length of their lifecycle, flowering plants can be categorized as annuals, biennials, or perennials.
Annuals Annuals complete their lifecycle (from germination to flowering to seed production to death) in a single year or less. Many wildflowers are annuals, as are the most important food crops, including the cereal grains and legumes.
Biennials Biennials generally live two years, often including a cold period (winter) between vegetative growth (first spring/summer) and flowering (second sprain/summer). Beets and carrots are biennials but are rarely left in the ground long enough to flower.
Perennials Perennials live many years and include trees, shrubs, and some grasses. Some buffalo grass of the North American plains is believed to have been growing for 10,000 years from seeds that sprouted at the close of the last ice age. When a perennial dies, it is usually not from old age, but from an infection or some environmental trauma, such as fire or severe drought.
Meristems Plants have embryonic tissues called meristems that allow the plant to grow indefinitely. Apical meristems, located at the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots, enable a plant to grow in length, a process known as primary growth. Lateral meristems allow for growth in thickness, known as secondary growth. In woody plants, the lateral meristems are called the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. The vascular cambium adds layers of secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem. The cork cambium replaces the epidermis with periderm which is thicker and tougher.
PRIMARY GROWTH Primary growth lengthens roots and shoots. The new growth produced by apical meristems affects the entire plant if it is herbaceous. In woody plants, it only affects the youngest parts which have not yet become woody. Although apical meristems lengthen both roots and shoots, there are differences in the primary growth of these two systems.
PRIMARY GROWTH OF ROOTS The root tip is covered by a root cap, which protects the delicate apical meristem as the root pushes through the abrasive soil during primary growth. Growth occurs just behind the root tip, in three zones of cells at successive stages of primary growth. Moving away from the root tip, they are the zones of cell division, elongation, and maturation.
PRIMARY GROWTH OF ROOTS The primary growth of roots produces the epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue. Water and minerals absorb from the soil must enter through the epidermis. Root hairs enhance this process by greatly increasing the surface area of epidermal cells. In most roots, the stele is a vascular cylinder, a solid core of xylem and phloem. However, in many roots, the vascular tissue consists of a central core of parenchyma cells surrounded by alternating rings of xylem and phloem.
PRIMARY GROWTH OF SHOOTS The apical meristem of a shoot is a dome- shaped mass of dividing cells at the tip of the terminal bud. Leaves arise as leaf primordia, which are finger-like projections along both sides of the apical meristem. Axillary buds can form lateral shoots as well. Within a bud, leaf primordia grow in length due to both cell division and cell elongation.
SECONDARY GROWTH Secondary growth adds girth to stems and roots in woody plants. Secondary growth is produced by lateral meristems. The vascular cambium adds secondary xylem and secondary phloem. Cork cambium produces a tough, thick covering consisting mainly of cork cells. Primary and secondary growth occurs simultaneously like in different regions. While and apical meristem elongates a stem or root, secondary growth commences where a primary growth has stopped.
SECONDARY GROWTH The vascular cambium is a cylinder of meristematic cells one layer thick. It increases in circumference and also lays down successive layers of secondary xylem to its interior and secondary phloem to its exterior. In this way, it is primarily responsible for the thickening of a root or stem.
XYLEM In plants, vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is called xylem. Water and minerals ascend from roots to shoots through the xylem. The xylem sap flows upward from the roots throughout the shoot system to veins that branch throughout each leaf. Leaves depend on this delivery method for their supply of water. Plants lose an astonishing amount of water by transpiration, the loss of water vapor from Leeds. A single plant can lose 125 L of water during a growing season. Unless the water is replaced, the leaves will wilt in the plant will eventually die. The upward flow of xylem sap also brings mineral nutrients to the shoots.
XYLEM Xylem sap needs to rise more than 100 m in the tallest trees. To get to this height, it is either pushed up from the roots or pulled upward by the leaves. Root pressure pushes the xylem sap upward, especially at night. The root pressure at night sometimes causes more water to enter the leaves then is transpired, resulting in exudation of water droplets that can be seen in the morning on tips of grass blades or the margins of leaves. This is not the same thing as dew, which is condensed moisture produced during transpiration.
XYLEM Root pressure can only force water upward a few meters, and it cannot keep pace with transpiration after sunrise. For the most part, xylem sap is pulled upward by the leaves themselves. This is accomplished by the transpiration- cohesion-tension mechanism, like sucking liquid through a straw. As moisture escapes the leaves by transpiration, one water molecule sticks to the other water molecules by cohesion, and the entire column of water rises. This transpiration pull can extend down to the roots only if the chain of water molecules is unbroken.
XYLEM If an air pocket forms, such as when xylem sap freezes in the winter, the resulting air bubbles will break the chain. Air bubbles can also occur if there is an excess rate of evaporation of water from the leaves. This is common when the leaves are exposed to windy conditions, such as when plants are transported in the back of a truck. A plant can be killed in as little as 20 minutes of exposure to these conditions if the soil is not thoroughly watered before the trip.
PHLOEM In plants, vascular tissue that consists of living cells that distribute sugars throughout the plant is called phloem. Organic nutrients (the products of photosynthesis) are translocated through the phloem. Phloem is arranged in sieve tubes that are positioned end to end. Between the cells are sieve plates, structures that allow the flow of sap along the sieve tubes. The main component of phloem sap is sugar (sucrose). This gives the sap a syrupy thickness. A sugar source is a plant organ that produces sugar by photosynthesis. Mature leaves are the primary sugar sources. A sugar sink is an organ that is a consumer or storage site of sugar. Growing roots, buds, stems, and fruits are sugar sinks. A storage organ, such as a tuber or a bulb, may be a source or a sink, depending on the season.
TRANSPIRATION Gas exchange (transpiration) in plants occurs through structures called stomata. The rate of transpiration is regulated by stomata, which are pores in the leaves. Carbon dioxide enters through the stomata into airspaces formed by the spongy parenchyma cells. This increases the internal surface area of the leaf by up to 30 times greater than what it appears when we look at the leaves. This increase in surface area improves the rate of photosynthesis however it also increases water loss through the stomata. Therefore, a plant requires a tremendous amount of water to make food by photosynthesis. By opening and closing the stomata, guard cells balance water conservation during photosynthesis.
TRANSPIRATION A leaf may transpire are more than its weight in water every day and water may move through the xylem at a rate which is about equal to the speed of the tip of a second hand sweeping around a clock. If transpiration continues to pull sufficient water upward to the leaves, they will not wilt. But the rate of transpiration is greatest on a day that is sunny, warm, dry, and windy because of the increase in evaporation. Plants adjust to these conditions by regulating the size of the stomatal openings, but some evaporation still occurs when the stomata are closed. As cells lose water pressure, leaves begin to wilt.
TRANSPIRATION Transpiration also results in evaporation cooling. This prevents the leaf from reaching temperatures that could damage enzymes involved in photosynthesis. Cactus plants have low rates of transpiration, but have evolved to tolerate high leaf temperatures.
NUTRIENTS Watch a large plant grow from a tiny seed, and you cannot help wondering where all the mass comes from. About 90% of a plant is water which has accumulated within their cells. However, soil, water, and air all contribute to plant growth. Plants extract essential mineral nutrients from the soil, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. They also require other minerals as well. The symptoms of a mineral deficiency depend partly on the nutrient's function. For example, a deficiency of magnesium, a component of chlorophyll, causes yellowing of the leaves, known as chlorosis.
SOIL QUALITY Along with climate, the major factors determining whether a particular plant can grow well in a certain location are the texture and composition of the soil. Texture refers to the relative amounts of various sizes of soil particles. Composition refers to the organic and inorganic chemical components of the soil. In turn, plants affect the soil, taking part in a chemical cycle that sustains the balance of terrestrial ecosystems.
SOIL QUALITY Soil originally comes from the weathering of solid rock. Rocks break apart over time from several mechanisms. Water can seep into crevices, freeze, and the expansion can fracture rocks. Acids dissolved in the water can also break down rocks chemically. Roots that grow in fissures can also cause fracturing. The eventual result of all this activity is topsoil, a mixture of rock particles, living organisms, and humus, the remains of partially decayed organic material.
Texture of topsoil The texture of topsoil depends on the size of its particles, which range from coarse sand to microscopic clay. The most fertile soils are loams, made up of equal amounts of sand, silt (medium- size particles), and clay. The fine particles provide a large surface area for retaining minerals and water. Coarse particles provide airspaces containing oxygen that can be used by roots for cellular respiration. If soil does not drain adequately, roots suffocate because the air spaces are replaced by water; the roots may also be attacked by molds that favor wet soil. These are common hazards for houseplants that are overwatered in pots with poor drainage.
Soil composition Soil composition includes organic components as well as minerals. Topsoil has an astonishing number and variety of organisms. A teaspoon of topsoil has about 5 billion bacteria along with various fungi, algae, insects, and worms. The activities of all these organisms affect the soils properties. Earthworms aerate the soil by their burrowing and add mucus that holds find soil particles together. The metabolism of bacteria changes the mineral composition of the soil. Plant roots can release organic acids, changing the soil pH. Plant roots also reinforce the soil against erosion.
Soil composition Humus consists of decomposing organic material formed by the action of bacteria and fungi on dead organisms, feces, fallen leaves, etc. Humus prevents clay from packing together and builds a crumbly soil that retains water but is still porous enough for adequate air ration of roots. It is also a reservoir of mineral nutrients that are returned gradually to the soil as microorganisms decomposed the organic matter. During heavy rain or irrigation nitrogen and phosphate is leached away from the soil and drained into the groundwater deeper down, making them less available for uptake by roots.
Soil conservation Soil conservation is essential. It may take centuries for a soil to become fertile through the breakdown of rock and the accumulation of organic material, but human management can destroy that fertility within a few years. Before the arrival of farmers, the Great Plains of the United States was covered by hardy grasses that held the soil in place despite of the long recurrent droughts and torrential rains characteristic of that region.
Soil conservation In the late 1800s, many homesteaders settled in the region, planting wheat and raising cattle. These land uses left the topsoil exposed to erosion by winds that often swept over the area. During drought seasons, much of the topsoil was blown away rendering millions of acres of farmland into what was called the Dust Bowl. This forced hundreds of thousands of people to abandon their homes and land, as found in the story, The Grapes of Wrath.
Soil conservation In healthy ecosystems, mineral nutrients must be recycled by the decomposition of dead organic material in the soil. When farmers harvest of crop, essential elements are removed. To grow 1000 kg of wheat, the soil gives up 20 kg of nitrogen, 4 kg of phosphorus, and 4 kg of potassium. Each year, soil fertility diminishes unless fertilizers replace these lost minerals. Additional irrigation is also necessary. More than 30% of the world's farmland suffers from low productivity stemming from poor soil conditions.
Fertilizers Fertilizers are essential. Commercially produced fertilizers are enriched with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). They are labeled with a three-number code called the N-P- K ratio, indicating the content of these minerals. A fertilizer marked as 15-10-5 indicates the percentage of each mineral. Manure, fish meal, and compost are called organic fertilizers because they are of biological origin and contain decomposing organic material. Before plants can use organic material, however, it must be decomposed into the inorganic nutrients that roots can absorb.
Fertilizers Whether from organic fertilizer or a chemical factory, the minerals a plant extracts are in the same form, but organic fertilizers release minerals gradually, whereas commercial fertilizers are immediately available but may not be retained by the soil for long. Excess minerals not absorbed by the roots are usually wasted because they are leached from the soil by irrigation. To make matters worse, mineral runoff may pollute groundwater, streams, and lakes.
Fertilizers Agricultural researchers are developing ways to maintain crop yields while reducing fertilizer use. One approach is to genetically engineer "smart" plants that inform the grower when a nutrient deficiency is imminent, before damage has occurred. One type of smart plant will produce a blue pigment in the leaves when phosphate is being depleted in the soil. Therefore, the farmer can add phosphate without needing to add other minerals that would be wasted.
Soil erosion Soil erosion is another main concern. Thousands of acres of topsoil is lost to water and wind erosion each year in the United States alone. Certain precautions, such as planting rows of trees as windbreaks, terracing hillside crops, and cultivating in a contour pattern, can prevent loss of topsoil. Crops such as alfalfa and wheat provide good ground cover and protect the soil better then corn and other crops that are usually planted in more widely spaced rows.
NITROGEN Nitrogen is often the mineral that has the greatest effect on plant growth and crop yields. It is ironic that plants can suffer from nitrogen deficiency because the atmosphere is nearly 80% nitrogen. However atmospheric nitrogen is in a gas form (N2) that plants cannot use. For plants to absorb nitrogen, it must first be converted to of ammonium (NH4) or nitrate (NO3). These to absorb mobile forms of nitrogen do not come from the breakdown of rock. They are generated by the decomposition of dead vegetation by certain kinds of bacteria, called nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
NITROGEN All life on Earth depends on these special bacteria that can perform nitrogen fixation. Several species of these bacteria live freely in the soil, while others live in plant roots in symbiotic relationships. One of the most important crops that has this symbiotic relationship is the legume family, including peas, beans, soybeans, peanuts, alfalfa, and clover. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in the nodules of these plants and generate more useful nitrogen for themselves and the soil than all industrial fertilizers. When farmers plant the right amounts of these legumes at the right time, the soil becomes enriched at virtually no cost to the farmer.
Crop rotation Crop rotation improves the quality of the soil. In this practice, a non-legume such as corn is planted one year, and the following year alfalfa or some other legume is planted to restore the concentration of nitrogen in the soil.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Plant biotechnology refers to innovations in the use of plants or substances obtained from plants to make products that are useful to humans. Genetic engineering is a form of biotechnology that refers to the use of genetically modified organisms to produce beneficial results.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Corn is a staple crop in many developing countries, but the most common varieties are poor sources of protein, requiring that diets be supplemented with other protein sources, such as beans. The proteins in the most popular variety of corn are very low in several essential amino acids that humans require in the diet. Forty years ago, researchers discovered a new mutant species of corn that has much higher levels of these essential amino acids; this variety of corn is more nutritious. Swine who are fed this variety of corn gained weight three times faster than those fed with normal corn. However, the kernels are soft and are more vulnerable to attack by pests.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Using conventional methods, plant breeders crossbred the soft kernel species with a more desirable type; this transition took hundreds of scientists nearly 20 years to accomplish. With modern methods of genetic engineering, one laboratory can accomplish this sort of thing in only a few years. Unlike traditional cross-breeding techniques, modern plant biotechnologists are not limited to transferring genes between closely related species of plants. For instance, traditional breeding techniques could not be used to insert a desired gene from a daffodil plant into a rice plant. However, modern genetic engineering makes this possible.
Reducing World Hunger and Malnutrition 800 million people on Earth suffer from nutritional deficiencies. 40,000 people die each day of malnutrition, half of them children. There is much disagreement about the causes of such hunger. Some argue that there is a food shortage because the world is overpopulated. Others say that there is enough food available, but poor people cannot afford it. Whatever the cause, increasing food production is a humane objective. Because land and water are the most limiting resources for food production, the best option will be to increase yields on the available land. Based on estimates of population growth, the world's farmers will have to produce 40% more grain per acre to feed the human population in the year 2020. Plant biotechnology can help make these crop yields possible.
Transgenic crops Transgenic crops are those which contain genes from particular bacteria that produce a protein that repels insect pests. When the gene from the bacteria is inserted into the plant, the plant is now able to repel insects by itself, without the use of insecticide. Examples of transgenic crops include cotton, corn, and potatoes. This natural insecticide is completely harmless to humans and all other invertebrates because it is only activated by a substance found in the intestines of insects. Researchers are also engineering plants with enhanced resistance to disease. In one case, a transgenic papaya resistant to a ring spot virus was introduced into Hawaii, thereby saving its papaya industry.
The Debate over Plant Biotechnology One concern about plant genetic engineering is that certain molecules within a plant cause allergies in humans. Some people are concerned that these allergy molecules will be transferred to a plant used for food. However, biotechnologists remove the genes that encode for the allergenic proteins from soybeans and other crops. So far, there is no evidence that genetically modified plants designed for human consumption have adverse effects on human health.
The Debate over Plant Biotechnology In fact, some genetically modified foods are potentially a healthier alternative. For example, a particular species of corn contains a cancer-causing toxin that has been found in high concentrations in some batches of processed corn products ranging from corn flakes to beer. This toxin is produced by a fungus that can infect corn which has been damaged by an insect. Genetically modified corn contains 90% less of this toxin.
The Debate over Plant Biotechnology Nevertheless, because of health concerns, opponents lobby for the clear labeling of all foods containing products of genetically modified organisms (GMO). Some people also argue for strict regulations against the mixing of GM foods with non-GM foods during transportation, storage, and processing.
The Debate over Plant Biotechnology Many ecologists are concerned that the growing of GM crops might have unforeseen effects on nontarget organisms. One study indicated that the caterpillars of Monarch butterflies died following consumption of milkweed leaves (their preferred food) which had been heavily dusted with pollen from genetically modified corn. This study has since been discredited. As it turns out, when the original researchers showered the corn pollen onto the milkweed leaves in the laboratory experiment, other floral parts also rained onto the leaves. Subsequent research found that it was these other floral parts, not the pollen, which contained a toxin that killed the butterflies. Unlike pollen, these floral parts would not be carried by the wind to neighboring milkweed plants under natural field conditions.
The Debate over Plant Biotechnology Perhaps the most serious concern is the possibility of the introduced genes escaping from a transgenic crop into related weeds by natural cross-pollination. The fear is that the undesirable weeds will become resistant to insects, creating a "superweed" that would be difficult to control in the field. Because of this concern, efforts are underway to breed male sterility into transgenic crops. These plants will still produce seeds and fruit if pollinated, but they will produce no pollen.
The Debate over Plant Biotechnology One way to accomplish this is "Terminator Technology" which uses "suicide genes" that disrupt critical developmental sequences, which prevent pollen development. Plants that are genetically modified to undergo the Terminator process grow normally until the last stages of pollen maturation. At this point, a gene expressing a particular protein becomes active and stops the pollen from forming.
The Debate over Plant Biotechnology On a case-by-case basis, scientists and the public must assess possible benefits of transgenic products versus the risks society is willing to take. The best scenario is for these discussions and decisions to be based on sound scientific information and testing rather than on reflexive fear or blind optimism.
Genetically Modified Foods There's nothing quite like the taste of a juicy, vine- ripened tomato fresh from the garden in the summer time. Tomatoes have become a staple of our Western diets, and demand for them has never been greater. However, bringing them to market has never been easy. If allowed to ripen naturally, tomatoes become mushy and mealy, and often do not survive shipment. Thus, they are picked while still green, shipped to market, and ripened artificially using ethylene gas. While this causes the tomato to appear ripened on the surface, it remains mostly unripe.
Genetically Modified Foods As anyone who has eaten a store-bought tomato can confirm, the flavor and texture are usually not as appealing as that of vine ripened tomatoes. New biotechnology techniques are being utilized to address this problem and many others, attracting both praise and scorn alike, and igniting a national discussion on the future of genetically altered food.
Genetically Modified Foods Tomatoes become mushy and mealy mostly after pectin, a complex carbohydrate that gives tomatoes their firmness, breaks down. When tomatoes ripen, they make an enzyme that degrades pectin in the tomato, causing the tomato to become soft and mushy. To solve these problems, scientists produced a genetically altered tomato lacking the enzyme. As a result, the bioengineered tomatoes could be allowed to ripen on the vine before being picked, package, and shipped to market.
Genetically Modified Foods In 1994, the genetically altered tomato received FDA approval. Many scientists and consumers alike praised the tomato for its quality and hardiness, and embraced the technology behind it. The tomatoes initially sold well in the marketplace, indicating acceptance by the general population. Although the flavor was not quite as good as that of tomatoes fresh from the garden, it was close.
Genetically Modified Foods However, not everyone has embraced genetically modified foods. Consumer advocacy groups and environmental groups have questioned the safety of such foods. In particular, questions remain regarding the stability of the genetically modified crops, the possible accumulation of toxins in the modified tomatoes, and the potential of foreign proteins in these crops to induce allergies in some individuals. Many also questioned whether environmental damage would result from the accidental transfer of genetic alterations to native plants and animals, primarily because some plants are both pest and herbicide resistant. Critics derided the tomato and other genetically modeled crops as dangerous to our health.
Genetically Modified Foods The genetically altered tomato was eventually pulled from the supermarket shelves because of a disagreement with tomato growers. Tepid sales were also blamed, having fallen off after the initial consumer exuberance. Despite the failure of the bioengineered tomato, the technology used to produce it has led to the development of many other genetically modified crops that have weathered the marketplace and have found their way to our dinner tables. However, many consumer advocates, government entities, and scientists remain wary of the long-term effects of these modifications on our health and on the environment.
Genetically Modified Foods Despite the promises of higher crop yields on the tastier foods, and improved nutritional value, much fear and skepticism remains. Do you think that this fear is justified? Do you believe that it is possible that the changes in genetically altered crops may be transferred to other organisms? How do you think this might occur? Is the fear of increased allergic reactions to genetically modified foods justified? How should genetically modified foods be labeled in supermarkets? Should producers be required to disclose the presence of genetically modified food ingredients on food labels? What steps could corporations take to increase public acceptance of genetically modified foods?
PLANT EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Plants evolved from green algae from shallow water habitats which were subject to occasional drying. Natural selection would have favored algae that could survive periodic droughts. Once plants were able to make a transition to land, they would have thrived from the limitless bright sunlight, the abundance of carbon dioxide in the air, and the relatively few pathogens and plant eating animals.
PLANT EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Plants are multicellular eukaryotes that make organic molecules by photosynthesis. Unlike algae, plants have growth regions called apical meristems as well as male and female gametangia (pollen and ovum) and multi-cellular, dependent embryos.
PLANT EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of chloroplasts, photosynthetic prokaryotic cells were incorporated by larger cells. Plants have always had chloroplasts, even before they went from living in the oceans to living on land. However, the key adaptations plants had to make before they could live on land are: flowers, dependent embryos, gametangia, organized vascular tissues, and seeds.
PLANT EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Reproduction on land presents challenges. For algae, the surrounding water insures that gametes and offspring stay moist and provides the means for their dispersal. Plants, however, must keep their gametes and developing embryos from drying out in the air. Land plants produce gametes in male and female gametangia (protective jackets around the gametes). The egg remains in the female gametangia and is fertilized there. Pollen containing sperm are carried by the wind or by animals toward the egg. Is in all plants, but fertilized egg (zygote) develops into an embryo while attached to and nourished by parent plant. This is called a dependent embryo, which distinguishes plants from algae.
PLANT EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Plants that produce seeds rely upon wind or animals to disperse their offspring. As a matter of fact, the key step in the adaptation of SEED PLANTS to dry land was the evolution of wind-dispersed pollen. Plant reproduction may also include the production of spores which are encased in a protective jacket called a sporangium. A spore is a cell that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell. Plants that do not produce seeds (such as ferns ) often rely on these tough-walled, resistant spores for dispersal.
PLANT EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Among the earliest seed plants were the gymnosperms, which are "naked seeds" because they are not enclosed in any chamber. The largest group of gymnosperms is the conifers, consisting mainly of cone bearing trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. Later on, flowering plants evolved, known as angiosperms. The dominant types of seed plants today are the conifers and angiosperms.
PARTS OF A FLOWER The anther is the male organ in which pollen grains develop. A pollen grain is called a male sporangium. Pollen grains develop in the (male) anther and are trapped by the stigma (female).
PARTS OF A FLOWER Sepals are green leaves which enclose the flower before the flower opens. Petals are usually the most striking part of a flower, and they function to attract hummingbirds and insects. Plants dependent on nocturnal pollinators typically have flowers that are highly scented. When the insect comes to collect the nectar, it picks up some pollen grains and carries them to the stigma of another flower. Fertilization in angiosperms usually occurs immediately after pollination. The carpel consists of a stalk with the stigma at the top (which catches the pollen) and an ovary at the base. The ovary is a protective chamber where the eggs develop. The ripened ovary of a flower, which is adapted to disperse seeds, is called a fruit. Fruits protect and help disperse seeds. Seeds develop within fruits, and the fruits develop at the base of flowers.
PARTS OF A FLOWER The structure of a fruit reflects its function in seed dispersal. Some angiosperms depend on wind for seed dispersal. For example, the fruit of a maple tree acts like a propeller, spinning a seed away from the parent tree on wind currents. Some fruits hitch a ride on animals. The barbs of cockleburs hook to the fur of animals. These fruits may be carried for miles before they open and release their seeds.
Angiosperms Many angiosperms produce fleshy, edible fruits that are attractive to animals as food. When a mouse eats a berry, it digests the fleshy part of the fruit, but most of the tough seeds pass unharmed through its digestive tract. The mouse may then deposit the seeds, along with a supply of natural fertilizer, some distance away from where it ate the fruit. The dispersal of seeds in fruits is one of the main reasons angiosperms are so widespread and successful.
Angiosperms Angiosperms often have mutually dependent relationships with animals. They disperse their seeds by producing fleshy, edible fruits that are consumed by animals which defecate the seeds; seeds sometimes attach to animals, or the seeds may catch the wind.
Angiosperms Most angiosperms depend on insects, birds, or mammals for pollination and seed dispersal and most land animals depend on angiosperms for food. These mutual dependencies tend to improve the reproductive success of both the plants and animals. Many angiosperms produce flowers that attract pollinators that rely entirely on the flower's nectar and pollen for food. Nectar is a high energy fluid that is of use to the plant only for attracting pollinators.
Angiosperms The color and fragrance of a flower are usually keyed to a particular type of animal or insect. Many flowers also have markings that attract pollinators, leading them past pollen bearing organs on the way to the nectar. For example, flowers that are pollinated by bees often have markings that reflect ultraviolet light. Such markings are invisible to us, but vivid to bees.
Angiosperms Many flowers pollinated by birds are red or pink, colors to which bird eyes are especially sensitive. The shape of the flower may also be important. Flowers that depend largely on hummingbirds, for example, typically have their nectar located deep in a floral tube, where only the long, thin beak and tongue of a hummingbird are likely to reach.
Angiosperms Insects and birds are active mainly during the day. Some flowering plants, however, depend on nocturnal pollinators, such as bats. These plants typically have large, light colored, highly scented flowers that can easily be found at night. An example of this is a cactus. As the bats eat part of the flower, its body becomes dusted with pollen which it passes on to other flowers.
Angiosperms Human agriculture is based almost entirely on angiosperms. Whereas gymnosperms supply most of our lumber and paper, flowering plants provide nearly all our food. Corn, rice, wheat, and other grains are dried fruits, the main food source for most of the world's population and their domestic animals. Many food crops are fleshy fruits, such as strawberries, apples, cherries, oranges, tomatoes, squash, and cucumbers. Others are modified roots, such as carrots and sweet potatoes, or modified stems, such as onions and potatoes.
Angiosperms We also grow angiosperms for spices, fiber, medications, perfumes, and decoration. Hardwoods, such as oak, cherry, and walnut, are flowering plants. Two of the world's most popular beverages come from coffee beans and tea leaves, and cocoa and chocolate also come from angiosperms.
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Deviled Eggs
The holiday season has fallen upon us, and with the holidays come joyous festivities. And of course, with festivities come food… and lots of it! Deviled eggs, spruced up, are not only delicious and simple to make, they also make for a dynamite party dish. Deviled eggs, in specific, can be traced back to ancient Rome and similar to today, they were traditionally served as a first course entrée with mustard, pepper and other ingredients stuffed in the yolk cavity. To start, cool 6 hard-boiled eggs, peel, and halve them lengthwise. Carefully remove yolks and mash with 2 tablespoons of mayonnaise. Add 1 ½ tablespoons of relish, 1 teaspoon of mustard, salt and pepper to taste. Carefully spoon the yolk mixture into hollowed out egg whites. Sprinkle with paprika, and serve to hungry guests. You'll be the talk of the town.


text: Outstanding opportunity to join a digital security company as Support Specialist. The company is seeking a candidate with security and cryptography knowledge who will proactively support team members and other departments within the organization and create and update documentation for delivery to the customer. Strong communication skills and familiarity with operating systems will serve you well in this role.


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Checks would come to small businesses faster under a proposed accelerated payment rule. (Stock image)
The Obama administration announced a proposal Dec. 19 to move ahead with its plans to speed payments to small contractors.
The proposed rule is based on the July 11 Office of Management and Budget memo directing agencies to make contract payments faster to their prime contractors with the understanding that those companies will pass along the accelerated payments to their small subcontractors. The OMB policy is slated to end July 10, 2013.
The proposal would make the policy part of the Federal Acquisition Regulation. The FAR clause would be included in new solicitations after the effective date of the final rule and would require prime contractors to make accelerated payments to small subcontractors to the maximum extent possible.
Officials are accepting comments on the proposal through Feb. 19, 2013.
About the Author
Matthew Weigelt is a freelance journalist who writes about acquisition and procurement.
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Save the date for 28th annual Federal 100 Awards Gala.
March 30, 2017
The Department of Commerce is revising its confidentiality agreement for statistical data survey respondents to reflect the fact that the Department of Homeland Security could see some of that data if it is captured by the Einstein system.
In a Feb. 17 memo, Defense Secretary Jim Mattis told senior leadership to establish teams to look for duplication across the armed services in business operations, including in IT and cybersecurity.
State election officials had more questions than answers after a Department of Homeland Security presentation on the designation of election systems as critical U.S. infrastructure.
The government desperately needs younger talent to replace an aging workforce, and experts say that a freeze on hiring doesn't help.
The Department of Veterans Affairs will test an internally developed scheduling module at primary care sites nationwide to see if it's ready to service the entire agency.
After missing in the last Congress, drafters of a bill to encourage cloud adoption are looking for a new plan.
So rather than encourage large business primes to do away with paid-when-paid terms, we're going to pay them sooner cos they always do such great work and really care about the small business community. Just less than their wealthy owners and the Street.
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My friends and I had the opportunity to check out Eden Project's latest adventure down in Cornwall - Dinosaurs Unleashed. When we arrived we could hear roaring and wondered where it was coming from. We were led to the Crater of the Tyrant King and as we walked in the roaring got louder and louder, until we saw a full size T-rex eating its prey! It was so life-like and gory. After we got out, we encountered an escaped dinosaur - and it tried to eat someone! We also got to dig for dinosaur fossils - we had so much fun. Thanks National Geographic Kids!
Willow and her class head to a banana ripening centre to learn all about this exotic fruit!


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Luv chevrolet for sale on US's largest classifieds sites (9 results)
1972 Chevrolet LUV
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Year: 1972, Make: Chevrolet
1981 Chevrolet luv Mikado diesel
1981 Chevrolet luv Mikado diesel. It has the factory sun roof and a/c. The seats are out of a chrysler cross fire that is power and leather. It\'s a very nice and dependable truck.
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1975 chevrolet luv truck
1975 luv. 1.8 l Isuzu 4cyl4 speed 80miles, new interior including door panels and seat. Will need carpetbody in good shape. Little surface rust. Will crank and run but needs new carb or kitbrakes need bleeding. Great looking truck. Completely stock. Vary rare. I have mag wheels aluminu
Year: 1975, Make: Chevrolet
1981 Chevrolet luv Mikado diesel
1981 Chevrolet luv Mikado diesel. It has the factory sun roof and a/c. The seats are out of a chrysler cross fire that is power and leather. It\'s a very nice and dependable truck.
Year: 1981, Make: Chevrolet
1976 Chevrolet Luv Race Truck Body
I have a 1976 Chevrolet Luv pickup truck. It\'s a race truck body. No motor. $1500 obo NO SHIPPING OR PAYPAL. FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL ONLY MY NAME IS TERRY
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1977 Chevrolet LUV - $1500 (Leesburg)
1977 chevy luv 1.8 4 speed standard, runs and drives great. 138xxxx original miles, 3rd owner its been in the family since purchased new in 77. If you are looking for an all original luv this is not the one for you, interior has benn stripped of just about everything, i have most all of what came off...
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1976 chevrolet luv truck - $900 (WARNER ROBINS)
1976 CHEVROLET LUV TRUCK........20R TOYOTA ENGINE,STANDARD TRANS,POWER BRAKES...SIX LUG WHEELS,,MAG TYPE.....SHE`S LTTLE ROUGH RUNS STRONG....NEW BRAKE MASTER CYLINDER,CLUTCH MASTER AND SLAVE CYLINDER......NEEDS SOME WORK....OR GOOD FOR OTHER IDEA`S........CONTACT...478-258-9769....... Location:...
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79 chevrolet luv pickup - $2000 (Redding )
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Original 1978 Chevrolet Luv Truck - $7850 (Lebanon)
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Ryan Jones Signed & Framed 2008 Grand Slam Presentation
Guide price: £300
Last updated on 3rd Jul 2014
Ryan Jones Signed & Framed 2008 Grand Slam Presentation
This superb item of signed Wales Rugby memorabilia celebrates the teams stunning 2008 Grand Slam success.A limited edition of just 100 it displays a large 20" by 16" photo of the captain Ryan Jones holding the trophy aloft. It is personally signed by Ryan in silver across the centre of the image and he has added 'Grand Slam 08' to each print. With each presentation you will also receive a photo of Ryan signing.It is presented in a stunning silver frame with dual mounts and an inset plaque that lists every result and venue in their march to the Grand Slam.
Each are individually numbered our of 100 and it measures in at a large and impressive 67cm by 65cm.The product is endorsed by Ryan and available exclusively through Spirit of Sport. Ryan Jones is widely regarded as one of the most talented young players in world rugby and played a crucial role in captaining Wales to the 2008 Grand Slam.
He is being tipped to lead the British and Irish Lions on the 2009 tour of South Africa.A super item of signed Ryan Jones Grand Slam memorabilia.Spirit of Sport are not acting on behalf of the WRU.
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created by Acclaim Games and published by Acclaim Games
2 Moons is free MMORPG with brutal amounts of gore and grinding. Developed by Acclaim Games.
I play a lot of different types of games. Never filthy casul, only git gud.
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19 N Lotus Circle,Bear DE, 19701
Sold Price
4 beds , 2 Full/1 Half baths
2,025 sq. ft
Status: Sold
Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Fox & Roach, REALTORS
(866) 486-5636
Last Updated: 2/28/2017 10:12 AM
Description for 19 N Lotus Circle Bear, DE 19701
Very Attractive, most popular, 4 BR Carrigan Model, upgraded, improved & move-in ready. Location...Location...Location within EXTREMELY demanded Appoquinimink School District W/BRENNEN ESTATES feeding the most PREFERRED schools! Nine foot, volume and cathedral ceilings add excitement to the near perfect floor plan. Special features included, All updated main floor laminate, Open Rail/spindle staircase, 2nd floor laundry, Updated, Upper Level Carpet W/Thick pad-2016, Premium lighting, Great Kitchen, Refrig. (07) DW/Was/Dry new 2015. Updated sliders to BIG deck and premium (.25 ac) fenced yard. Special Bonus: Approx. 700 sq. feet of professionally finished basement (no permit but finished 1998) w/vinyl Plank Party room (w/wet bar), office, exercise room + new sump pump w/battery back-up. Fabulous Curb Appeal...superb lawn/landscape + sprinkler system. HVAC inspected/serviced/tuned up 8/16, Roof inspected w/5+ years life expected. Additionally... seller is offering the comprehensive Home-Buyers 2-10 Warranty. Exceptional Mortgage options w/Conv/FHA/VA & USDA (100%) financing available.
Listing Information
Brennan Estates
Gas Water Heater, Public Water Service
Public Sewer
School Information
Room Information
Breakfast Area
Breakfast Area
Interior Features
Vinyl, Carpet
Central Air, Ceiling Fan(s)
Gas Heat, Forced Air
Full, Full Finished
Cathedral/vaulted Ceiling, Wet Bar
Exterior / Lot Features
2 Garage Spaces, Attached Garage
Deck, Porch
Sprinkler System
Shingle, Pitched
Sidewalks, Street Lights, Level
Community Features
Community Tennis, Park Play Area
Financial Considerations
Inside AccessTM
Current market conditions for 19 N Lotus Circle
Active Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median list price$252,400
Days on market121
Properties for sale116
Sold Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median sold price$230,000
Sales to list price9,813.0%
Properties sold113
Median sq ft price$117
Arrows indicate 90 day trend
Listing Price History for 19 N Lotus Circle
Bear Real Estate
Bear is located in Delaware. Bear, Delaware 19701 has a population of 19,732.
The median household income in Bear, Delaware 19701 is $60,647. The median household income for the surrounding county is $64,857 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Bear 19701 is 33.8 years.
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iMovie Theatre / The Beatles Directory
Posted by
on 4/07/05 at 21:26 (172812)
The Beatles
Thought ya'll may enjoy this link!
best wishes marie
Re: iMovie Theatre / The Beatles Directory
on 4/07/05 at 21:31 (172813)
Testing.........hope I don't get in trouble for this.
Re: iMovie Theatre / The Beatles Directory
Suzanne D.
on 4/08/05 at 08:38 (172822)
Thank you, Marie; I enjoyed watching that little video! It was really neat the way the different scenes from past and present were edited together. I watched it twice.
Seeing that brought back memories. I remember watching The Beatles on t.v. for the first time on the Ed Sullivan Show at my grandparents' house. My grandmother shook her head and said, 'Oh, mercy, John (my grandfather). What is this world coming to? Look at all that hair!' :)
I remember saving my money and getting a few Beatles' cards with a stick of gum like with baseball cards. Sure would be nice to still have those! They would probably be collectors' items.
Today's my last day of spring break. Got to get busy on some projects that I need to complete.
Suzanne :)
Re: The Beatles
Kathy G
on 4/09/05 at 08:53 (172880)
I can't get the audio, Marie, but I, too, remember the night the Beatles were on Ed Sullivan. It was my best friend's birthday and I'd stayed the night before at her house. Her parents just didn't know what to make of it all. For my part, I was furious at the girls for screaming because I couldn't hear the music! My parents kind of took the whole thing in stride.
I had a wonderful uncle who died from a sudden aneurysm about a month after that performance. Shortly before his death I had written him a letter and mentioned how much I liked the Beatle's music and he responded, saying that he just didn't understand how a 'smart kid like me, with good taste in music' could like the Beatles! He was a Kingston Trio fan and when he died, his wife gave me his albums.
Thanks for the happy memories, Marie!


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|"Caldarale, Charles R" <Chuck.Caldar...@unisys.com>
|RE: Accessing a directory/file outside of the webapps directory
|Fri, 04 Jun 2010 13:57:08 GMT
> From: Bernard Giannetti [mailto:email@example.com] > Subject: RE: Accessing a directory/file outside of the webapps > directory > > I've just got a standard install of Tomcat The term "standard install" is ambiguous. For most of us on the mailing list, that would mean one downloaded from tomcat.apache.org; in your case it might mean one installed via whatever package manager Ubuntu uses - which is a 3rd-party repackaged version of Tomcat, and decidedly non-standard in terms of file placement and configuration. - Chuck THIS COMMUNICATION MAY CONTAIN CONFIDENTIAL AND/OR OTHERWISE PROPRIETARY MATERIAL and is thus for use only by the intended recipient. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the e-mail and its attachments from all computers. --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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White Chicken Chili
|2 Medium, chopped
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|1 Tablespoon
|Chicken broth
|6 Cup (96 tbs)
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|15 Ounce, drained (canned)
|Green chiles
|8 Ounce, diced (canned)
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|2 Teaspoon
|Garlic powder
|1 Teaspoon
|Dried oregano
|1 1⁄2 Teaspoon
|White pepper
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|Sour cream
|12 Ounce
|Monterey jack cheese
|3 Cup (48 tbs), shredded (or colby jack cheese or pepper jack)
|For garnish
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Corn chips
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
1. In a large stockpot over medium heat, heat oil sauté onions until tender and soft.
2. Stir in beans, chicken, chiles, ground cumin, garlic powder, oregano, white pepper and broth.
3. Simmer the chicken mixture for 30 minutes, stirring frequently, until heated through.
4. Just before serving, add sour cream and cheese, and stir well until cheese is melted.
5. Serve hot garnished with jalapenos, cheese or corn chips as desired.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size
Calories 645 Calories from Fat 138
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 16 g25.2%
Saturated Fat 7.8 g39%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 48.6 mg16.2%
Sodium 388.1 mg16.2%
Total Carbohydrates 87 g29%
Dietary Fiber 27.4 g109.5%
Sugars 5.3 g
Protein 40 g80.8%
Vitamin A 11.2% Vitamin C 62.5%
Calcium 43.9% Iron 44.2%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Woodloch Pines Resort
Hawley, Pennsylvania
The kids are at the ages when they no longer agree on anything, from what to have for lunch to which backyard game to play. If that's the case, don't fret-the multi-generational entertainment and warm hospitality has Woodloch deemed "One of America's Best Family Resorts," and it's our # 1 Classic American Family Resort.
Compete in the Family Olympics and Guitar Hero contests, or make an impact on the kids in bumper boats! Woodloch has their very own Social Staff to ensure your family is entertained. Like a "cruise on land," Woodloch has provided comfortable and stylish accommodations, three meals a day and something for every age, from a toddler room to Broadway shows. With all of this and more set in lush mountain scenery, we couldn't ask for a better fit for family fun in the Poconos! And sharing with a sibling has never been so easy: enjoy amenities at the Lodge at Woodloch, Woodloch Pines' sister property. Visit the 18-hole golf course or 27-room spa while the kids are with Boomer Bear's Cub Club on a scavenger hunt or singing in Karaoke Idol!
Woodloch Pines is ideal for family reunions with physical, intellectual and wacky games and contests, group photos and private boat rides or hay rides.
Fun facts
Lake Teedyuskung, which Woodloch Pines is located on, is named after an early 18th-century Susquehanna Delaware Indian chief.
Getting there
From Philadelphia and southern points: Take the Northeast Extension of the PA Turnpike to Lehigh Valley Exit 56. Take Rt. 22E to Rt. 33N toward Stroudsburg to Rt. 80E. Then take Exit 309 Marshalls Creek. Follow Rt. 209 to Rt. 402N. Take Rt. 402N to Rt. 6W to Rt. 590E through Hawley. Turn right at the Settler's Inn and Bingham Park and continue on Rt. 590E. Woodloch Springs is approximately five miles off Rt. 590E on your right. To go to Woodloch Pines Resort, continue to stop sign, turn left, and continue 1.4 miles to the main entrance.
Mohonk Mountain House
New Paltz, New York
Mohonk means "lake in the sky," but there is a whole lot more than lake and sky to enjoy at Mohonk Mountain House! You won't want to leave your "Cloud 9" after staying at this Victorian castle set atop Shawangunk Ridge in New York.
As one of America's oldest family-owned resorts, Mohonk has had a lot of practice creating a vacation spot that makes everyone happy. That's why Mohonk made our No. 2 spot - along with the fact that your rate includes bountiful breakfast and lunch buffets, four-course served dinners, Afternoon Tea and Cookies and most resort activities daily. The idyllic backdrop of a castle on ragged grey cliffs surrounded by blue sparkling water accompanies you and the family on your Hudson Valley adventures. Try a hand – and another hand, and both your feet – at rock climbing. Take a few swings on the 110-year-old Scottish golf course while the kids are horseback riding through extensive trails. Or, tour the gardens alone or with another family member for quality bonding time. Don't worry about making the right turn in the Victorian Maze; each directional decision renders 19th-century fashioned landscaping beauty. The only complaint you'll hear on this trip is when you have to leave.
Related Onsite Offerings
The Spa has a heated indoor and outdoor pool, a solarium, 16 treatment rooms and Pilates, aerobic and water classes.
Related activities
Head to one of many themed activities, including a campfire with s'mores, nature shows and workshops on topics like mystery to ballroom dancing!
Mountain range
Mohonk Mountains
Grand Hotel
Mackinac Island, Michigan
Vacations don't get much grander than at Grand Hotel on Mackinac Island! An island full of rich landscape and heritage and more than 500 horses – yes, that's right, there are no cars allowed on this island – Mackinac has been a celebrated family getaway for more than a century.
Imagine giving the kids an expansive, breathtaking backyard that you'll want to play in, too and you've got the Grand Hotel! With no cars, the family travels by horse, carriage, bike or foot. Which means kids will exercise discovering the natural beauty of Michigan instead of exercising their thumbs in video games. Challenge them to a swimming race in the 220-ft.-long serpentine pool or maybe let them challenge themselves. Children's programs teach the kids how to Duck Pin bowl, play Bocce Ball or Putt-Putt golf. The attention to detail at Grand Hotel doesn't just extend to the outside (the hotel uses 5,200 geraniums, its trademark flower, in all its flower beds combined). The inside accommodations are lavish and entrancing. No two rooms look the same or have the same history! Stay in one of six guest rooms designed by a U.S. first lady, rooms with a lake-view or the spectacular Masco Cottage.
Related Onsite Offerings
family will want to spend every moment possible outside enjoying the beautiful Mackinac Island – so arrange for a picnic lunch through Grand Hotel!
Fun facts
Classic movies were filmed at Grand Hotel, including "This Time for Keeps" (1947), starring Esther William, whom the pool is named after, and "Somewhere in Time" (1980), starring Christopher Reeve and Jane Seymour.
Getting there
Michigan's Mackinac Island is only accessible by ferry boat or plane.
Tanque Verde Ranch
Tucson, Arizona
Discover an authentic Old West experience for all ages at Tanque Verde Ranch! Nearly endless acres of breathtaking Arizona desert await for exploration. Guide any of the Ranch's more than 100 horses across this ruggedly beautiful terrain and then return to the property for some much-need family relaxation!
Saddle up and let out your inner cowboy or cowgirl with a plethora of riding options. Explore 60,000 acres of cacti-cradled desert landscape on any of the Ranch's 180 horses.Experienced wranglers and guides are available to give their expert instruction and lead you on a scenic journey through Arizona's dusty mountain trails. When you're not on horseback, try mountain biking, ATVing, and hiking. Onsite, the little buckaroos with enjoy a wealth of activities like tennis, crafts, swimming, and nature programs. The Ranch's devoted and knowledgeable team will teach kids the importance of working together. After a day in the saddle, adults can unwind at La Sonora Spa, which offers rejuvenation after a day in the hot desert. The entire family will love the delicious Southwestern cuisine prepared by the master chef and a talented team of cooks. Ride into family fun at Tanque Verde Ranch!
14301 East Speedway, Tucson, Arizona 85748
Enter a world of relaxation at La Sonora Spa, which showcases Eminence products and a wide selection of massages, facials, and treatments.
Related Onsite Offerings
Everyone will enjoy sampling delicious dishes at events like the Old Homestead Breakfast Ride, Mexican Fiesta Night, and the Cottonwood Grove Ranch Barbeque with live entertainment.
Pitlik's Sand Beach Resort
Eagle River, Wisconsin
Four seasons of family fun await at Pitlik's Sand Beach Resort! Whether you want to enjoy lake activities on the Sugar Camp Chain of Lakes, explore the vast Wisconsin wilderness, or indulge in the onsite amenities, your family is sure to find adventures for all ages!
Set on the shimmering shores of Sand Lake, you'll find a wealth of watery fun just outside your door. Cast off on a fishing expedition and catch trophy muskie, walleye, bass, and panfish. Explore the shores on a boat, dive in for a refreshing swim, or just catch a tan on the sandy beach shores. Stay dry and hike through the tree-lined trails, bike the paved trails, or go horseback riding through the lush landscape. Swing away on the many nearby golf courses or put the pedal to the metal with thrilling go-kart rides. When the winter wonderland arrives, explore the powdery paths cross country skiing or snowmobiling. After a fun-filled day, return to the resort for some relaxation. The onsite restaurant and taproom feature something to please every palate while a wide variety of lodging options can accommodate families of all sizes. One- to three-bedroom cabins can sleep up to eight guests and feature fireplaces, knotty pine walls, and stunning lake views.Come to Pitlik's and find entertainment for everyone!
4833 Sand Beach Drive, Eagle River, Wisconsin 54521
Throw a lure in any of the five bodies of water in the Sugar Camp Chain of Lakes. Sand, Dam, Stone, Echo, and Chain Lake all feature fantastic fishing!
Related Onsite Offerings
The Lodge overlooks 1,500 feet of scenic Sand Lake shoreline and showcases a recreation room with a pool table and other games, as well as delicious food and drink at Rena's Place restaurant and Joe's Taproom.
Villa Roma Resort
Callicoon, New York
Though you won't see basilica domes onsite at Villa Roma Resort, you will see magnificent style in the brightly adorned sitting areas, ornate chandeliers and a glorious fountain surrounded by sculpted statues to greet you and your family!
With a diverse list of age-appropriate activities, your kids will be enraptured. There are color wars and Wii tournaments for the type A in the bunch and an opportunity to produce their own show or tie-dye t-shirts for your right-brained tikes. If for some crazy reason your kids don't want to partake in bumper boats, nature trails or the rock climbing wall, you can take them to two onsite playgrounds, shuffleboard courts or the arcade game room. You arrange your own program of fun by taking a cooking or line dancing class, cross-country ski, visit the spa and so much more! This classy, newly-renovated Catskills hotel designed itself around the individual and collective needs of your family! After spending the afternoon splashing around in the zero-entry play pool with water spouts and dumping buckets, kids can grab an ice cream from Villa Roma's ice cream parlor and Mom and Dad can cool off with a cocktail on the veranda.
The entertainment doesn't stop at night. In fact, the fun is just starting at Marty's Lounge, The Mezzanine Piano Bar and Club Forum – all onsite at Villa Roma!
Fun facts
Villa Roma spent $27 million on renovation to serve great family vacations like yours!
Related Onsite Offerings
Fans of shopping won't have to go far – Villa Roma has four shops and boutiques for your perusing.
Skytop Lodge
Skytop, Pennsylvania
What if you could build your dream vacation? A mountain, a lake, a spacious room that is comfortable but not pretentious, something new to do every day…a place you can come back to time and again. You've just built a real vacation at Skytop Lodge in historically rich Pennsylvania!
For families that want to sprawl out there are cottages with connecting bedrooms and porches for the kids to run through, or there are spacious rooms at The Inn or The Lodge. All are gems of Dutch Colonial interior design and country charm. Let the kids choose between two kid camps: Camp in the Clouds with active and experiential pastimes like soccer, nature walks and swimming or face painting or hay rides, or Kid's Ambassador's Club where children learn valuable skills like etiquette, dining and sportsmanship. Meanwhile, you can tailor your own itinerary. Rock climb, paintball or take a wilderness survival course. When the family rejoins, fish in private trout streams or toboggan down one of the last remaining runs in the area. Or, dine together in the Lake View Restaurant or enjoy the view sitting in front of your own fireplace. The sky's the limit when it comes to family fun at Skytop!
Fun facts
The founders of Skytop Lodge originally bought 2,500 acres of property but now Skytop holds 5,500 acres to enjoy at your leisure!
Related Onsite Offerings
The PGA-recognized Brian Boyle School of Golf teaches full swing and short game principles and limits four students to one instructor for more individualized attention.
Getting there
From Philadelphia: Follow I-80 East to I-380 North. Continue on I-380 to Exit # 3 - PA 940. At the top of the exit ramp turn right onto PA 940 East to traffic light at PA 611. At the light make a right and a left at the next light (50 yards) back onto Route 940 East. Follow Route 940 East for 3 miles; turn left onto Route 390 North. Follow Route 390 North for approximately 10 miles through the towns of Cresco, Mountainhome and Canadensis. Entrance to Skytop Lodge will be on the left, 3 miles from the traffic light in Canadensis.
Madden's Resort on Gull Lake
Brainerd, Minnesota
No overcrowded beaches, but plenty of sand. No towering saltwater waves, but peaceful laps from the lake. Are you daydreaming? No, you're at Madden's on Gull Lake! Surrounded by peaceful Minnesota lake scenery, your family will find comfort and relaxation in the Northwoods.
Nowhere else in the Midwest will you find a resort with more recreational amenities than Madden's. We suggest Madden's very own Gull Lake waterpark, complete with water trampolines and water toys! The kids will beg to be at Adventure Cove, a camp that keeps them happily entertained while you are free to indulge in Panache Spa treatments overlooking beautiful Wilson Bay. Fill your days at The Classic, Madden's championship golf course, or take it easy on the Social Nine. Madden's has been the leader in Minnesota golf resorts since 1926 and it shows with the exceptional number of 63 holes offered on four different golf courses – all ready for your tee off. The list of fun Madden's has for you doesn't stop there! Did we mention that they also have a full-service marina with kayaks, canoes and sailboats? Tennis, croquet, trapshooting, indoor pools – the list goes on and on! Madden's is your family's next lakeside vacation!
Related activities
Fish for a day with "Walleye Dan," a local that learned about the great outdoors from his dad. Dan's favorite lake is Gull Lake because of the big walleye that are found there every year.
Fun facts
A 1964 fire destroyed the golf club house but the owner, Jim Madden, redesigned and rebuilt the Golf Club which now has two restaurants, two lounges, and a golf pro shop.
Getting there
From Minneapolis/St. Paul: Follow I-94 West to Clearwater. Take the Highway 24 exit and follow to Highway 10. Turn left and follow Highway 10 West to Little Falls. Follow Highway 371 to the Brainerd Pass and then to Baxter to the intersection of Highways 371 and 210. Continue straight on Highway 371 for 4 miles to County Road 77. Turn left and drive 7.5 miles to Madden's.
The Broadmoor Resort
Colorado Springs, Colorado
The Gateway to the Rockies and to your luxury family vacation. Wait - luxury and family in the same sentence? Is that even possible? At The Broadmoor Resort in Colorado Springs it is! Come and discover how family fun and luxurious comfort combine on your next mountain vacation.
Settling for nothing but the best is a long-running tradition for Broadmoor. Rooted in the area's history of gold-mining, Broadmoor delivers the finest luxury setting coupled with abundant entertainment. The Children's Concierge suggests a trip to the highest altitude zoo in the U.S., the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, or to the top of the 14,000-ft. summit of Pikes Peak via the Cog Railway. Or, just let the kids jump feet first into the 11,000-sq.-ft. outdoor infinity pool and Slide Mountain. Broadmoor's list of suggestions doesn't stop there – see a movie at the Little Theater, catch stunning views of the property from paddle boats, take family tennis lessons and more! Rooms and cottages are decorated with European-style elegance, from the bed sheets to the light fixtures. Enjoy views from some rooms of Cheyenne Mountain and Cheyenne Lake. Broadmoor wants the whole family to join the fun – that means pets, too!
Fun facts
Nearby Pikes Peak is where Katharine Lee Bates was inspired to write "America the Beautiful."
Related Onsite Offerings
Enjoy a wine therapy sugar body scrub at the Spa at Broadmoor.
The Broadmoor is the longest running consecutive winner of the AAA Five-Diamond and Mobil Travel Guide Five-Star awards.
Mount Washington Resort
Bretton Woods, New Hampshire
At first, all you see is stately red rooftops on an elegant white building. But when you arrive, receive top-notch presidential family treatment without the hassle of politics at Mount Washington Resort!
Your family can set their own pace exploring the surrounding Bretton Woods. Blaze new trails and discover the forest for yourself, or take a guided canopy tour. Hear White Mountain lore, go whizzing above the tree tops on a zip lines ending with the Williwaw Racing Zip which gives a stunning 20-minute ride for the best views! If you prefer to keep your feet on the ground and your head out of the clouds, join your kids for dinner and hear all about how they learned to ski at Hobbit Ski and Snowboarding School, made pinecone bird feeders and played themed games at Kid's Club. Don't let the snow stop you from having a blast on your New Hampshire family vacation! Bretton Woods is New Hampshire's largest skiing area with 434 acres. That exhilarating canopy tour also runs in the winter, so there's no excuse not to buckle up and enjoy the ride at Mount Washington Resort!
After breathing in all that fresh, clean mountain air, head over to the spa for an Adventurer's Massage.
Fun facts
You can call Mount Washington "home" by buying a condo, town home, single-family residence, or land to custom-build your own house today.
Related Onsite Offerings
As a guest at Mount Washington Resort, you have access to Rosebrook Recreation Center, which has a steam room, Jacuzzi, indoor pool, racquetball courts, exercise rooms and more!


text:
I've been quiet for a while, but I've been busy digging and dividing my
Iris and trying to find some shade (it's been very hot!).
I've noticed a lot of discussion about chemical pesticides and I
would recommend that anybody with internet access take a look at:
It will give you all the info you need to make an informed choice, including
the final fate of the spray.
Bye from sunny Australia where the arid centre is current neck deep in floods,
Simone Clark
Canberra Australia
Simone Clark
Nematode Project
CSIRO Entomology


text:
Yuzuki Yukari (結月ゆかり) is the first Vocaloid developed for Vocaloid3 by AH-Software and Vocalomakets, and the first Voiceroid to be created. She was released on December 22, 2011, and her design is based on a rabbit, which is a play on her name.
Yuzuki Yukari is being aimed at the producers themselves rather then a general Vocaloid fandom release. She was also made able to be bought with many different software bundles, including both her Voiceroid and Vocaloid versions and the software suite Music Maker MX.
In comparison to most other Vocaloids, her biggest advantage is the range of possiblities that were offered for her voice upon its release. This gave her the widest scope of abilities of any newly released Vocaloid that had been produced for the Vocaloid software. She sings in deep to mid female tone and sings in Japanese. Since Vocalmakets were producers themselves, they were able to construct an idea of what other producers wanted for Vocaloids. She has been produced with the intent aimed at the producers of Vocaloids. According to those who worked on her, she is good at slow ballads and sings "full of feeling". Her voicebank includes additional sounds that can be imported such as laughter, sighing and breathing, making use of Vocaloid 3 sniplets import.
Artist descriptions on Last.fm are editable by everyone. Feel free to contribute!
All user-contributed text on this page is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.


text:
For an alternate suggestion, see featured items on the right.
Click here to view the non-slip, weather-proof indoor/outdoor outsole.
Features & Benefits of Acorn Women's Wooly Cork Clog Slippers:
Other Important Information About Acorn Women's Wooly Cork Clog Slippers:
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text:
Wow. Google Maps on iOS introduces a feature so poor it's making people go back to Apple Maps. Worse yet, the change wasn't in the release notes, leading to lots of frustration as users tried to find what was going wrong with their phone screens.
We really need user controled screen dimming for Google Maps on iOS - Google Product Forums
Google Product Forums > Google Maps >. Categories: Feature Suggestions : Maps : Mobile - iPhone : Mobile App : We really need user controled screen dimming for Google Maps on iOS. Showing 1-56 o...
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- I use this service on my Android all the time with no dimming. Why would it be introduced anyway as who doesn't plug their phone in when using it for nav. Amazing that there is no feature disable flag.Apr 7, 2013
- Yeah, Mike, that's the bit I don't get. Battery life on the iPhone when being used "flat out" like that is no worse than any other phone - and to introduce it with no option to turn off seems a bit daft.Apr 7, 2013


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The Basics of Robot End-Effectors Webinar
ATI Sponsors Free RIA Webinar February 16th, 2012
ATI Industrial Automation is sponsoring the Robotic Industries Association (RIA) free webinar, "The Basics of Robot End-Effectors" on Thursday, February 16th from 12:00 noon to 1:00 pm EST.
With video, narration and broad coverage by an experienced veteran, this webinar describes robot end-effectors such as parallel jaw, vacuum, and magnet based solutions. Solution approaches such as two or three position grasps and servo based designs give viewers options to consider. Force and torque sensing techniques are described. The webinar covers grip compliance, collision avoidance and breakaway options.
You can register for this free webinar here:
For more information about RIA and the robotics industry, visit www.robotics.org or contact RIA Headquarters at 734-994-6088.
Featured Product
Servo2Go - Low-Cost Integrated Actuators
Dyadic Servo Linear Actuators feature: • Plug & play operation • Integrated actuator with motor, encoder, drive and program memory • Teach pendant, PLC pendant or PC Tool Kit programmable • Networkable up to 16 axes • +/-0.1mm repeatability • 0.3mm backlash • 50-300mm stroke versions • 400mm/sec max. speed


text:
Times Square; A Pictorial History.
STONE, Jill.
Place Published: New York
Publisher: Collier Books
Date Published: 1982
Description: Illus. 8vo, 1/2 black cloth, d.w. New York: Collier Books, (1982). Very goodEdition: 1982
Jacket: Y
Binding: hardcover
Condition: very good
Language: English
Type: Books
Book ID: 240431
By This Author: STONE, Jill.
By This Publisher: Collier Books


text:
Bicycle hub dynamos are a convenient and durable way to power accessories like lights and computers. Hub dynamos are small electrical generators housed within the hub that generate electricity through the spinning of the wheel. Multiple high quality options are available for hub dynamos, and most retailers will build the whole wheel if that's what you want. Most bicycle stores will charge a minimal fee for installation and wiring of the dynamo to the light or lights that it will power.
Other People Are Reading
SON generator hubs, short for Schmidt Original Nabendynamo, are considered the best dynamo hubs made today. The German brand has consistently tested as the most efficient, most powerful, and least resistant generator on the market. As the most efficient, SON hubs will provide the most light at lower speeds, and having the lowest resistance, the wheel will be the easiest to spin. They are also probably the lightest and most durable hubs. They are, however, rather expensive.
Shimano Dynamo Hubs
Shimano, the largest bicycle parts manufacturer in the world, also makes several high quality hubs. Their higher end hubs are very good, but not quite as efficient as the SON. They are, however, considerably less expensive and easier to find in the United States. Shimano also offers a number of options, including quick release models and disc brake models.
Sturmey Archer
Sturmey Archer pioneered the dynamo hub in the 1930s and controlled the market until the 1980s. Its hubs, however, were large and heavy and not particularly efficient. Sturmey Archer has recently come out with newly designed generator hub with a drum brake. This hub doesn't really compete with the SON in terms of quality, but the drum brake is a durable all weather braking option that appeals to those who ride in poor weather where rim brakes tend to perform poorly. This is also an inexpensive option compared to the Shimano and SON hubs.
SRAM i-Light
SRAM has recently come out with a hub called the i-Light that competes with the SRAM in terms of efficiency. This hub is available in both disc and rim brake options, and weighs slightly more than the SON hubs. As a relatively new product and company this product hasn't gained much of a reputation, but at a significantly lower price point than the SON and Shimano offerings, it's positioned to compete.
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