text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 9, 2010
|Filing date
|Apr 12, 2005
|Priority date
|Apr 12, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert J. Delaney, Todd Eichler
|Original Assignee
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (3), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The subject matter described herein relates to routing messages in a communications network. More particularly, the subject matter described herein relates to selectively performing global title translation based on message type.
In telecommunications signaling networks, global title translation (GTT) refers to the process by which the signaling connection control part (SCCP) called party address (CdPA) in a signaling message is translated into the point code of an intermediate or final destination. In intermediate global title translation, the SCCP CdPA is translated into the point code of an intermediate destination. In final global title translation, the SCCP CdPA is translated into the point code and subsystem number of a final destination.
A node that performs intermediate GTT translates the global title address (GTA) digits in the message to a point code corresponding to a second node and sends the message with a route-on-global-title indication to the second node. The first node may or may not modify the GTA digits before sending to the second node. The second node performs another global title translation, which could be another intermediate GTT, or a final GTT.
The node performing the final GTT translates the GTA digits in the message to the point code and subsystem number corresponding to the final destination node for the message. After translation, the node sends the message route-on-point-code-subsystem-number to the next hop in the routing path. The next hop in the routing path may or may not be the final destination. Although no subsequent GTTs will be performed, the message may be routed through several more nodes before reaching its final destination.
The transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) protocol is used in Signaling System 7 (SS7) telecommunications networks for sending database queries to a service control point (SCP). The SCP provides an interface to local and remote databases that contain subscriber and routing information. TCAP messages can also be sent from one voice switch to invoke functions in another switch in the network. When TCAP is used to query a database, SCCP may be used in conjunction with TCAP to route the message to the appropriate database subsystem.
In some telecommunications networks, SCPs are redundantly provided. That is, multiple identically provisioned SCPs may be present in a network for enhanced reliability and/or for increasing the speed at which SCP services are provided. Each of the redundant SCPs may have a separate point code, and other network nodes may rely on GTT translations to route messages to the SCPs. In such a case, most final GTT translations are performed such that messages will be distributed among redundant SCPs based on any suitable criteria, such as load sharing. Load sharing between redundant SCPs may be equal, for example, if the SCPs have identical processing capabilities. Alternatively, load sharing may be unequal, for example, if one SCP has greater relative processing capabilities. Another reason for unequal load distribution may include providing a high quality of service SCP for subscribers willing to pay for faster SCP access.
Regardless of the reason for distributing messages among redundant SCPs, there may be some cases in which it is desirable to ensure that a message is delivered to a particular SCP. More particularly, certain types of messages are handled more efficiently when sent to an SCP already involved in the associated transaction. For example, when a query is initiated by an SCP, a response to the query can be handled more efficiently if returned to the initiating SCP. Conventionally, however, there is no discrimination performed based upon the type of message being processed. For example, when load sharing is employed, the load sharing algorithm does not process messages differently based on whether the message is a response or another message type. Thus, a conventional GTT load sharing application could result in a message being sent to the incorrect SCP.
Some conventional approaches use a calling party address (CgPA) point code (PC) from a query message to return the response to the query back to the SCP originating the query. Not all network implementations, however, have a point code in the CgPA. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) implementations, for example, do not use a CgPA PC in order to provide space for other data. As a result, for GSM implementations, each transaction must be tracked using a transaction ID in the TCAP message to associate specific transactions with a particular SCP. This requires the use of a device that tracks the state of each transaction by transaction ID and associates it with an SCP until the entire transaction is completed.
Tracking individual transactions requires resource-intensive complex operations, thereby increasing overhead for message processing. Accordingly, a need exists for methods, systems, and computer program products for selectively performing GTT translations based on a message type without requiring the tracking of transactions.
In one aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, a method is disclosed for selectively performing global title translation based on message type at an SS7 network node. A message is received for global title translation. A message type of the received message is determined. Global title translation is selectively performed based on the determined message type.
In another aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, a computer program product is disclosed that includes computer executable instructions embodied in a computer-readable medium for receiving a message for global title translation, determining a message type of the received message, and selectively performing global title translation based on the determined message type.
In another aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, a system is disclosed for selectively performing global title translation based on message type. The system includes logic configured to receive a message for global title translation, logic configured to determine a message type of the received message, logic configured to selectively perform global title translation based on the determined message type.
In another aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, a system is disclosed for selectively performing global title translation based on message type. A routing interface receives a message for global title translation. A message type detector determines a message type of the received message. A global title translation function selectively performs global title translation based on the determined message type.
Objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals have been used to designate like elements, and in which:
To facilitate an understanding of exemplary embodiments, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions that can be performed by elements of a computer system. For example, it will be recognized that in each of the embodiments, the various actions can be performed by specialized circuits or circuitry (e.g., discrete logic gates interconnected to perform a specialized function), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both.
Moreover, the sequences of actions can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from a computer-readable medium and execute the instructions.
As used herein, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, or store, the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable medium can be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or semiconductor system, apparatus or device. More specific examples (a non exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium can include the following: a portable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM).
Thus, the subject matter described herein can be embodied in many different forms, and all such forms are contemplated to be within the scope of what is claimed. Any such form of embodiment can be referred to herein as "logic configured to" perform a described action.
STP 102 performs GTT processing on messages routed from SSP 100 by translating SCCP address information into a point code and subsystem number combination associated with a final destination. The message is then given to the MTP-3 layer with the translated point code so that it may be routed by MTP-3 to its final destination. The subsystem number is an address of a database or other subsystem component that may be accessed through an SCP, for example for processing a TCAP message.
STP 102 includes GTT tables with GTA address ranges that correspond to CgPA and/or CdPA addresses. The GTT tables include information for routing a message to an SCP. A mated application (MAP) table may also be employed for load sharing determinations between mated SCPs. For example, the Eagle� signal transfer point available from Tekelec of Calabasas, Calif., currently load shares post-GTT destinations through the use of a MAP table for final GTT. In one example, a user may define GTA=9194605500 in the GTT tables with a translation to PC=248-5-6. The user may then define a relationship in the MAP table between PCs 248-5-6 and 248-5-7. Accordingly, all traffic routed using GTA=9194605500 will conventionally be load-shared between the two PCs, without regard to message type.
One possible implementation of GTT and MAP tables as shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.
GTT Table
Starting GTA
Ending GTA
Mated Application (MAP) Table
Mated PC/SSN
Rel Cost
The MAP table includes PC/SSN combinations. A final GTT analysis of GTA 9194611000 and any other GTAs in the GTT table that translate to PC=248-5-6 and SSN 20 will result in a match in the MAP table showing a load sharing relationship between 248-5-6 SSN 20 and 248-5-7 SSN 25, and vice versa. The MAP table may also include a relative cost associated with each PC/SSN for use by the load sharing algorithm in load sharing determinations.
Referring to
SCP 104 processes the message and determines that additional information is required to complete the transaction. For example, a personal identification (PIN) number may be required (e.g., need to be dialed-in) from the calling party. In lines 3 and 4 of the message flow diagram, a request message is sent back to SSP 100 via STP 102. SSP 100 responds by sending a response message including the requested information in line 5 of the message flow diagram. Here, if conventional GTT processing and load sharing were used, the message would be global title translated, load shared, and possibly sent to SCP 106 (incorrectly), as illustrated by line 7 of the message flow diagram. In this case, however, the response message is needed at SCP 104, as illustrated by line 6 of the message flow diagram.
According to an aspect of the subject matter described herein, STP 102 determines that the message is a response based on message type, such as TCAP package type, and routes the response message back to SCP 104 (the requesting SCP) based on the CdPA PC address. That is, if a point code is present in the SCCP CdPA field of the message, that point code is copied from the SCCP CdPA field to the MTP destination point code field. If the SCCP CdPA includes a global title address, rather than a point code, the global title address may be translated to the point code of SCP 106 using a table in STP 102 that is separate from the GTT and MAP tables. This approach provides compatibility with GSM implementations, which typically do not include the CdPA PC address in the message, but do include the CdPA GTA in the message.
A sample structure of an SS7 message signaling unit (MSU) 200 that carries TCAP information (e.g., a TCAP message) is illustrated in
Transaction portion 210 indicates whether or not component portion 212 consists of a single transaction or multiple transactions, and alerts the corresponding recipient application as to how to process the message. A TCAP package type identifier 216, TCAP message length, transaction ID, and other parameters are provided to the recipient application to aid in processing the message. Package type identifier 216 indicates the type of TCAP message being forwarded. Table 3 below includes a list of package types and the associated bit values (A-H) used in package type identifier field 216 of transaction portion 210. Table 3 also includes an ongoing transaction indication that may be associated with each message type.
TCAP Package Types
Package Type
Query With
Query Without
With Permission
Conversation W/out
TCAP messages may be associated with ongoing transactions occurring between applications. In such a case, the message should be sent to the application associated with the ongoing transaction. For example, the SCP and subsystem that sends a request for more information to a remote endpoint has initiated a transaction and should receive the response to that request as part of the ongoing transaction. Accordingly, Table 3 may be used by STP 102 for determining whether a message is associated with an ongoing transaction, as will be described further below.
Messages that may be part of ongoing transactions include a response message, since a response is typically sent in response to a request sent by a requesting application that maintains state, such as, "waiting for response." In the case of a query, the response is used to return the requested data. In the case of a dialog between two applications, the response is the last transmission sent. Other TCAP message or package types that may be associated with ongoing transactions include query with permission, query without permission, conversation with permission, conversation without permission, and abort messages. A query with permission message is used to access information stored within a database and grants permission to the message recipient to end the transaction. If a dialog is to take place, a query may be followed by an information exchange between two applications. A conversation with permission message is sent after a query and is used to carry out a dialog between two applications and grants permission to the message recipient to end the transaction. An abort message is used to end a transaction, either by an originating entity or a user. A query without permission is generated when an application needs to enter into a transaction with a remote application. A conversation without permission is sent to prevent a remote application from ending a transaction before the originating application has completed the transmission of all its components. In each case, one or more applications may be actively tracking the state of a transaction. In contrast, a unidirectional message is sent in one direction only and does not require a return message (or response), and therefore is typically not related to ongoing transactions.
According to one aspect, ongoing transaction indication in a Table 3 may be based on a probability that a given message type is associated with an ongoing transaction. For example, if over a 50% of messages received of this message type correspond to an ongoing transaction, the message type can be considered to be associated with an ongoing transaction. This information may be static or change dynamically based on messages received. One example of message type and associated ongoing transaction indicators is shown in Table 3. Other message type to ongoing transaction indicator relationships are possible and such relationships may be operator configurable.
The first message in a given transaction may be load-shared and sent to any SCP capable of handling the transaction. Once this occurs, there is an ongoing transaction. Subsequent messages relating to the ongoing transaction should be sent to the SCP associated with the ongoing transaction. Referring again to
Applications that maintain state information for ongoing transactions may be referred to as "stateful applications" and applications that do not maintain state information for a transaction may be referred to as "stateless applications". According to another aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, STP 102 may also include a stateful application table that includes the list of stateful applications by address and subsystem number. Table 4 provides an operator configurable list of applications that the operator wants global title translation to be performed based on message type. Table 4 may also include specific message types. When a message is received and the message type, called party address, and subsystem have been extracted from the message, the stateful application table may be checked to see if the message type, called party address, and subsystem are listed therein. If so, the message can be sent to the SCP and subsystem corresponding to the called party address/subsystem extracted from the message. Otherwise, the message is processed according to the GTT table and MAP table following normal procedures.
Stateful Application Table
CdPA PC/SSN
CdPA GTA/SSN
Package Type
According to another aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, the stateful application list table may include either or both of the CdPA PC/SSN and the CdPA GTA/SSN. Either (or both) called party address information may be extracted from the received message, depending on what called party address information is available in the message. For example, in a GSM implementation, the CdPA PC is typically not included with the message to provide space for other information. Instead, messages are routed based on the CdPA GTA. Accordingly, for GSM-related messages received, a lookup may be performed in the stateful application table based on global title address. Once the lookup is performed, a corresponding CdPA PC in Table 4 may be used for routing the message to the appropriate application. Alternatively, the CdPA PC may be obtained from another table in STP 102 or the message may be routed based on the CdPA GTA, where feasible. Other messages, however, may include a CdPA PC and subsystem number for the application associated with the transaction. Accordingly, a lookup may be performed in the stateful application table based on the CdPA PC and the message may be routed based on the CdPA PC.
In the illustrated example, processing module 302 comprises a link interface module for sending and receiving SS7 messages via SS7 signaling links. Link interface module 302 includes an MTP level 1 and 2 function 312, a gateway screening function 314, a discrimination function 316, a distribution function 318, and a routing function 320. MTP level 1 and 2 function 312 performs MTP level 1 and 2 operations, such as error detection, error correction, and message sequencing. Gateway screening function 314 screens incoming SS7 messages based on the destination point code in each message to determine whether to allow the message into the network. Discrimination function 316 screens messages to determine whether the messages are addressed to STP 102 or to an external node. For messages addressed to STP 102, discrimination function 316 forwards the messages to distribution function 318 for distribution to the appropriate internal processing module. For messages requiring global title translation, discrimination function 316 forwards the messages to distribution function 318. Distribution function 318 then forwards the messages to one of DSMs 306 and 308 for GTT processing. Routing function 320 routes messages that are not addressed to STP 102 to the cards associated with the outbound signaling links corresponding to the point codes in the messages.
Processing module 304 comprises a data communications module for sending and receiving SS7 and/or IP telephony signaling messages over IP signaling links. In the illustrated example, data communications module 304 includes an IP converter 322 and functions 314 though 320 described with regard to link interface module 302. Functions 314-320 perform the same operations described with regard to link interface module 302. Hence, a description thereof will not be repeated herein. IP converter 322 performs the signaling operations necessary for sending and receiving SS7 messages over IP links. For example, IP converter 322 may include an Ethernet layer, an IP layer, a TCP, UDP, or SCTP layer, and an SS7 adaptation layer. The SS7 adaptation layer may be implemented using M3UA, M2PA, SUA, TALI, or other appropriate SS7 adapter layer, as described in the correspondingly named IETF Internet Drafts and RFCs.
Modules 306 and 308 are database services modules for performing GTT processing according to an aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein. Each database service module 306 and 308 includes a signaling connection routing controller (SCRC) 324 for receiving messages requiring SCCP services and determining the appropriate application for processing the messages. In the illustrated example, SCRC 324 may select GTT function 326 for messages requiring GTT, such as messages that include a route-on-global-title indication. GTT function 326 may access a GTT table 328, a MAP table 330, a stateful application table 332, a message type table 334, and a message type/CdPA detector 336. Stateful application table 332 and message type table 334 may correspond, for example, to Tables 4 and 3 above, respectively Message type/CdPA detector 336 determines a message type of a message currently being GTT processed. For example, message type detector 334 may analyze package type identifier 212 in transaction portion 206 of TCAP data 204 of the message. GTT function 326 may then determine, based on the message type, whether the message is associated with an ongoing transaction. For example, GTT function 326 may access message type table 334 to determine a corresponding ongoing transaction indicator associated with the determined message type.
Message type/CdPA detector 336 also determines the called party address information contained in the message. For example, a global title address or a called party point code, and corresponding subsystem number, may be extracted from the message. According to one aspect, the message type is determined first and the called party information is only determined if the message type is a message type that is determined to be associated with an ongoing transaction based on a lookup in message type table 334. In either case, if the message is determined to be associated with an ongoing transaction, the message is forwarded to routing function 320 for routing to the SCP and subsystem corresponding to the called party information.
According to another aspect of the subject matter described herein, once the message type and called party information is determined, stateful application table 332 is checked to determine if the message corresponds to a known stateful application. If the message is determined to be associated with a stateful application, the message is forwarded to routing function 320 for routing to the SCP and subsystem corresponding to the called party information.
When a message is not associated with a stateful application, normal GTT processing may proceed. For example, GTT function 326 performs a lookup in GTT table 328 to determine a destination point code and performs a lookup in MAP table 330 to perform GTT load sharing. After global title translation, GTT function 326 forwards the messages to routing function 320. Routing function 320 routes the messages to the signaling link associated with the point code determined by GTT function 326.
It will be understood that various details of the invention may be changed without departing from the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, the foregoing description is for the purpose of illustration only, and not for the purpose of limitation, as the scope of protection sought is defined by the claims as set forth hereinafter together with any equivalents thereof entitled to.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 11, 1997
|Sep 14, 1999
|Stentor Resource Centre, Inc.
|Method and system for providing mediated access between signaling networks
|May 5, 1998
|Aug 1, 2000
|Alcatel Usa Sourcing, L.P.
|SCP database migration
|Sep 3, 1999
|Aug 8, 2000
|At&T Corp.
|Apparatus and method for querying replicated databases using segmentation directories
|May 5, 1998
|Aug 22, 2000
|Alcatel Usa Sourcing, L.P.
|Communication system with centralized global title translation table
|May 5, 1998
|May 8, 2001
|Alcatel Usa Sourcing, L.P.
|Communication system with rapid database synchronization
|May 5, 1998
|Aug 28, 2001
|Alcatel Usa Sourcing, L.P.
|Communication system with multiple SCP
|Jul 13, 2000
|Jun 10, 2003
|At&T Wireless Service, Inc.
|Application of TCAP criteria in SCCP routing
|Jun 17, 1999
|Aug 26, 2003
|Nortel Networks Limited
|Public telephone network, intelligent network, and internet protocol network services interworking
|Nov 14, 2002
|Sep 21, 2004
|Methods and systems for distributing signaling messages among multiple processors for stateful and/or sequenced processing of the messages on a per-sequence basis
|Jun 28, 2004
|May 23, 2006
|Methods, systems, and computer program products for flexible global title translation (GTT) load sharing
|Nov 14, 2002
|May 20, 2004
|Methods and systems for distributing signaling messages among multiple processors for stateful and/or sequenced processing of the messages on a per-sequence basis
|Mar 26, 2003
|Jul 22, 2004
|Methods and systems for global title translation using message origination information
|Jun 28, 2004
|Jan 20, 2005
|Methods, systems, and computer program products for flexible global title translation (GTT) load sharing
|Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due for U.S. Appl. No. 10/878,171 (Dec. 21, 2005).
|Notification of European Publication Number and Information on the Application of Article 67(3) EPC for European Application No. 04756298.8 (Mar. 1, 2006).
|Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration for International Application No. PCT/US 06/13405 (Aug. 29, 2007).
|U.S. Classification
|370/352, 370/360, 379/230, 379/221.09, 370/385
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 16, 2005
Owner name: TEKELEC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DELANEY, ROBERT J.;EICHLER, TODD;REEL/FRAME:016351/0485;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050413 TO 20050414
Owner name: TEKELEC,CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DELANEY, ROBERT J.;EICHLER, TODD;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050413 TO 20050414;REEL/FRAME:016351/0485
|Feb 24, 2012
Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, MINNESOTA
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TEKELEC;CAMIANT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:028035/0659
Effective date: 20120127
|Apr 20, 2012
Owner name: TEKELEC GLOBAL, INC., NORTH CAROLINA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:TEKELEC;REEL/FRAME:028078/0287
Effective date: 20120130
|Sep 6, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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- Building Systems
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Wilson antenna wall pole mount assembly. Mount kit includes cylinder post, U-Bolt and mounting bracket. Holds smaller stamped yagi antennas securely. 901117
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Title Tol4Food - Transfer of knowledge and training for European traditional food producers related to innovative quality control methodologies
Project Number 2011-1-RO1-LEO05-15317
Product Samples of traditional food products
Title Samples of traditional food products
Product Type others
Marketing Text
Description The task 3.1. Providing samples of the selected traditional products is ongoing. Until now, batches of traditional food samples were collected from the category: sugar-free plum jams (around 10 brands from Romania), 5 traditional Portuguese cheeses and 3 traditional wines from Portugal and some prepared traditional foods from Spain: pisto, meat balls, artichoke and iberian ham . They were stored in the optimal conditions and were analyzed for sensorial, physico-chemical and textural point of view. This task will continue to collect and to analyses more products in order to establish sensorial methodologies to measure the authenticity in task 3.2.
Target group Researchers, VET system
Result Traditional foods collected for analysis.
Area of application Analysis of traditional foods.
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I Love J-rock
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pimpchen 18-21, F 0 Apr 16, 2015
How I Became On J-Rock Fan?Well, the story about it is simply. ;) My friend were been J-rock fan, for many years... She told me about Visual kei, J-rock music, anime, manga etc. Well, she showed some music videos, pics etc. about some J-rock bands. Then I started to listen them and then I found D. ♥ I...
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I have redness rashes and a sticky discharge patches on penis head it pains and applied candid cream rubbed due to which it bleeded little
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Dr. Harsha
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Hi there...red rashes or erosions or ulcers over the glans penis can be anything from a simple balanoposthitis to irritant contact dermatitis, or stds like herpes, chancroid. You will need detailed clinical examination. Also history of the evolution of lesions and any sexual exposure will have to be taken. So kindly consult a nearby dermatologist for further evaluation. Kindly do not self medicate with any creams over the genitals as the skin over therr is very sensitive. Use only lukewarm water to wash your genitals. Avoid any soaps or antiseptics like dettol.
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Pokemon GO has begun its worldwide rollout
Pokemon GO, the augmented reality mobile game based on the popular card and video game series, has started its worldwide rollout in the iOS App Store.
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Five college students in Lewisburg, Pa, were accidentally exposed to two highly toxic chemicals, ethylenimine and N-ethylethylenimine, for two hours in a poorly ventilated fraternity-house room. Their complaints, delayed in onset from 3 to 71/2 hours after exposure, were severe soreness of the throat, severe eye irritation, vomiting, and coughing. Consistent clinical findings were conjunctivitis, upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation, transitory polycythemia, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and albuminuria. Treatment included antihistamines, hydration, topical and systemic steroids, antibiotics, cough preparations, and enzyme therapy. All five students were free of symptoms within six months.
Weightman J, Hoyle JP. Accidental Exposure to Ethylenimine and N-Ethylethylenimine Vapors. JAMA. 1964;189(7):543-545. doi:10.1001/jama.1964.03070070015003
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In the aftermath of September 11, two questions were asked of Hollywood. First, would the entertainment industry persist with bloodthirsty accounts of mass killers or skyscrapers being gleefully erased? Second, was there any prospect of films with significant political content being encouraged? The first has had a knee-jerk response: some films have been delayed or re-cut; some slaughterhouse projects may have been dropped. As to the second, the truth begins to dawn that no one in Hollywood ever understood what that question meant.
You can see that dilemma in the current fudging of the issue with The Quiet American. Miramax, its distributor, delayed the film a year, and might have stayed quiet about it far longer. There is a terrorist bombing in the film, they admitted, which is not what Americans want to see now. Sir Michael Caine, who stars in the film, urged Miramax to relent. But not even he explained that it was the secret American participation in the film's 1954 Saigon bombing that amounted to its greatest political significance. You see, in Hollywood picture-making now, no one does, or gets, or wants to think about politics. So, the picture will be seen, but only to aid Caine in a campaign for another Oscar. Celebrity has covered up content.
Two things last week helped me get a surer grasp of this loss. I was reading A Third Face, the autobiography of Samuel Fuller, an esteemed, idiosyncratic director of B pictures. His best works, all from the 1950s, included Pickup on South Street, Run of the Arrow and House of Bamboo. They are dynamic action pictures that burn with Fuller's naive outrage at the world. He had been a journalist and an infantryman in the second world war. He had seen terrible things and had the common sense to set them against the homilies of politicians. The result is a furious anger in Fuller over the abuse of rights and liberties.
In the foreword to Fuller's book, Martin Scorsese says: "In Sam's movies, there was no difference between the personal and the political - both were part of the continuum of human experience." That's just, but I was struck by how unlikely it was that anyone would say such a thing of Martin Scorsese. Let me remind you of his Taxi Driver. Who could ever think that Travis Bickle's situation in that New York was political - as opposed to existential, spiritual or movie-like?
Scorsese was 30 years younger than Fuller, and inexperienced with the world that Fuller knew. Scorsese is also a leading figure in the age that believes - whether or not it thinks it through - that movies are about themselves, about being a movie, as opposed to a reflection on their subject matter. In Taxi Driver, there is even an election going on, and Travis becomes briefly involved with it in the hope of having sex with a campaign worker (Cybill Shepherd).
And the city in Taxi Driver is a kind of hell, surely. But no one watching the film could ever think that Travis, or Scorsese, believes that its situation is subject to remedy, treatment or political hope.
The second thing that struck me was a moment from a new picture, Far from Heaven, made by Todd Hayness, a homage to the melodramas that Douglas Sirk directed in the 1950s (films such as Imitation of Life). It is set in Connecticut in 1957. Julianne Moore plays a "perfect" wife and mother whose life is actually cracking up: she is about to discover that her husband (Dennis Quaid) is homosexual; and she will soon develop feelings of love for her black gardener (Dennis Haysbert).
There is a moment in the film, on the streets of Hartford, Connecticut, where Haysbert puts his hand on Moore's arm in the course of intimate conversation. Across the street, a white man is stopped in his horrified tracks, and he shouts out to the "boy": "Don't you do that!" It's uncanny how shocking and nauseating the moment is, and how immediately it directs a viewer to the very issues of race still unsettled in America over 40 years later.
Again, this sort of detail is true to the nature of Sirk's films. And it set me off on a list of films from that supposedly repressed generation which actually address the political and social dismay of America: George Stevens' A Place in the Sun; Nicholas Ray's Rebel Without a Cause; Robert Aldrich's Kiss Me Deadly; Richard Brooks' Blackboard Jungle; Elia Kazan's A Face in the Crowd; Otto Preminger's Anatomy of a Murder.
Perhaps some of those films look simplistic now. But it was only necessary for them to seem urgent in their day. Why is it now, in so-called liberalised times, that so few films have an atom of political awareness? Is it that no one in America acknowledges politics as a living reality - as opposed to the spin that keeps the hollow immediacy of talk shows going? Is it that so few filmmakers have ever had to accumulate life experience, or can recognise no cause to compete with their savage ambition? Whatever the answer, we are closer to tyranny if so many aspects of critical thinking and vigorous speech once taken for granted in America are now defunct.
· A new edition of David Thomson's The Biographical Dictionary of Film (Little, Brown) has just been published


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Look on Facebook for the Honda of Alabama race Team.
My For Sale thread ITR and Misc Parts For Sale
Honda reman calipers are nice and worth the marginal $ over other reman options. I got these from Chase on here. The nickel plating looks good. The Russell lines are quality. The only problem I found is I had to grind the rear calipers a little where the lines connect. No problems up front.-
I took it back to Johnny for a tune with the VAFC2, but it put down 156 HP on the first few runs. No changes to the car other than running the 225 Rivals on 15x8s. Not sure what was going on we decided to not tune it until I figured out what was wrong. After much head scratching I took it to another dyno. This time on the stock tires and wheels. It made 182 on the first pull. So the Dynocom and the car are very sensitive to increased rolling resistance. Lesson learned. I did not swap to the 225s to see if it had the same effect on the Dynojet.
I installed a Sparco R383 wheel. Lots of parts gathering to do this right. I used a NRG short hub adapter, NRG Gen 2.5 quick release and a Crowder's 1 1/8" spacer. The wheel didn't come with screws, I needed a junkyard SRS cable reel connector, 2 ohm resistor and a pre-SRS shoe horn. No SRS light and the horn button works. I soldered the resistor and put heat shrink tubing over the joints and it. I don't think it will get hot, but I covered it all in flex loom too just to be safe. The wheel is perfectly positioned now and being 13" vs 15", I have more leg room.
From bus to kart-
Pre-SRS shoe horn-
2 ohm 1/4W resistor soldered, heat shrinked and covered with flex loom-
I wired the AMB transponder to this cool switch in the cruise control blank. It is completely visible from the driver's seat-
I'm going to autox it this Saturday. First time since last year. Gonna be rusty.
Good pictures on the steering wheel, I've been looking at a previous h-t thread on doing the procedure and all the pics were dead. Why did you end up having to get another SRS reel connector?
Yeah I'm pretty sure it's the ABS causing it. It got slightly better after the car came off the dyno and I heard the pump run. I'd like to keep it, so I'll continue to try to improve it.
Same here on the thread pics. Pretty good instructions, but pics are always nice to have too.I have more pics and details on the wheel swap I can post. I'll try to get those up this week. Here's some info from memory-You don't have to use another SRS reel, I just wanted the connector from it. I got it cheap. You can cut your stock one off the reel or just find another way to connect the resistor.
I couldn't find the torque specs on the nut, so I checked it. It was between 45-50 lb ft. I torqued mine to 50. The screws (6) needed for the wheel are easy to find on ebay and are about $6 shipped.You'll need two 1/4" female spade crimp connectors. One for the shoe horn and the other for the horn button. Both connections on the Sparco horn button are male, but the NRG connectors are male & female. I used a bridge tap connector to connect to the factory horn wire. You can do the same for the SRS if you don't want to cut the connector off or buy another one. I messed up by connecting the battery at some point with the airbag unplugged. This cost me some time since I had to do the SRS reset procedure. So be careful to avoid that. The reset procedure is fairly easy, but it took me a few tries to get it done.
ITR Expo 16 Event Photo Thread
Here's the hub adapter and QR part #s-
Shoe horn-
Wire extension and connector sex change-
The video turned out well. I think the sound is perfect with one mic mounted on the passenger's side sun visor close to the center of the car.
Love this pic-
The Acura camp-
Instagram: Bitanga
I was faster dropping the DSP class record to 1:08.583 averaging 74.0 MPH. I finished 4th overall out of 27.
I switched to the 205 BFG R1-S from the Hoosier SM7 since the prices are similar and the R1-S is softer and better suited for TT work. I should be able to make them work in TTD too once I get dyno reclassed.I also ran the 225 Rival S to do laps while we were making suspension changes. The Rival S surprised me. I was able to get down to .05 of my best time in April on the scrub SM7s.
Front and rear camber was increased to -3.5 F and -2.5 R. 1/32" toe out F and rear. No shock setting changes.I started with the spring and bar setup I was on in April (14/ 10) switching to rear stiff (14/ 18) at lunch. All this was done while on the Rival S. We started with the bar at full soft then 1/2. I then ran the last session of Saturday on the R1-S. I got my best time. That night I set the bar to full stiff and was hoping to better that time the next day. I couldn't do it. I could only get down to a 1:09.0. I think the track just wasn't as good on Sunday and a couple of other drivers were thinking the same thing.
I'm very pleased. The car continues to impress.I got 150+ miles of track time and the tires are still alive.
Fastest lap-
A few of my fails-
Why did you need a spacer for the steering wheel setup? Was that just to bring the wheel closer to driver? Also, regarding the SRS, whats a shoehorn lol? Lastly, where did you source the resistor? I heard those can be hard to find, ie some radio shacks have them others have no idea what youre talking about.
Steering wheel swap is in my very near future so I can get rid of my ragged stock unit. Still trying to learn about the necessary pieces required before I decide what wheel to buy.
I switched to a 1" thicker steering wheel spacer and I like having the wheel closer-
I removed the safety button while I was in there. This will only keep me from quickly exiting, defeating the purpose of a guick release-
I tried out the 14K/18K spring setup at a localish autocross last month. This was a tight course and it was pretty lively. I had the bar at 1/2, rear tire pressure 2 psi lower and dropped bump and rebound on the rear shocks a couple of clicks.On my 6th and last run I finished first Raw and 2nd PAX. Only 30 drivers showed up, but I'll take it. That's my first FTD overall in the car.I think I prefer the 14K/10K for autocross at this point. I'm thinking I may try putting the 18Ks up front to see how 18K/14K feels.
I got spotted on the way back
My FTD run-
Over the holidays I took it to Mike Amerson at TDC in Mobile to be tuned with the VAFC2.
We decided to baseline it on the 225 Rival S/ 15x8 setup. It put down 182. Same as it did on the stock wheels and 195/55 S Drives.
He did 4 runs and they were all within 1 HP. Run 5 was the strongest at 186.27. Here's the last run-
Here's one showing the final run taking 2 secs less than the baseline-
Here's a video of the last dyno run-
No factory wiring was harmed by this mod thanks to the Boomslang PNP harness-
It's a little snug, but it all fits without any worries about the wires getting damaged-
A can koozie will have to do for now to keep it from getting banged around in there-
Looks like the VAFC helped smooth things out a bit and gets into the power a little sooner.
Car looks great btw.
Looks like the VAFC helped smooth things out a bit and gets into the power a little sooner.
Thanks for the compliments, guys Yes that was one thing the tuner pointed out. I'm not sure how the VAFC2 is able to do that. I'm guessing it just dampens the sensitivity being between the sensors and the ECU. The crossover is now at 5K. There's a couple of turns on my regular tracks (T2&3 at TGPR and T3 & 16 at Nola) that I find myself exiting in 3rd at ~5K and I haven't been able to make 2nd gear work better. So the bump will be nice.
Car looks great btw.
It's STX legal and a NASA free mod plus relatively inexpensive. I picked up the VAFC2 and harness on here for $200 and got it tuned for $100.


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You read the Lipstick League, right? It's a merry band of beauty superheros who scour all of the shelves, trying all of the products and giving you all of the details along the way (subscribe!). Each week in our Lipstick League Update, we've added something new: Currently Craving.
Currently Craving is what we really wish had in our hands and on our faces right now. Or wrists or ears, wherever it goes. Maybe it's that gorgeous palette we haven't seen in person or a perfume from when we were younger. To kick off the new feature, here are three things I can't stop thinking about.
Viseart Shadow Palettes, specifically 3 Bridal Satin. I haven't tried any of these shadows because of the price, but wow do they make me drool (in the most glamorous way).
2. Natasha Denona All Over Glow Face & Body Shimmer in Powder looks like it would transform anyone into a willowy fairy or goddess of some sort and I'm not going to lie to you--some days, that's what I want.
3. Anniversary Brush set by Wayne Goss is something I would never buy. I don't know that I could pull the trigger on this beautiful set of glorious, artisanal Japanese brushes, but I really, really want to. This set is a limited edition that includes a new brush 05 and an update to the original 01 brush. I don't even know exactly what that means, but I think I should find out!
Be sure to look for the Lipstick League each weekend and tell me--what are you currently craving?
Find Kelly on Google+. Official disclosure/disclaimer statement can be found here.


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I'm a Real Estate Agent and REALTOR® in the Mid-Willamette Valley, and I love every minute of it!! I run my business with the goal of exclusively working by referral. This allows me to spend my time wisely working efficiently for my clients, instead of prospecting for new clients. If you are pleased with my level of service, do your friends and family a favor and send them my way! Please don't keep me a secret! Helping both buyers and sellers, I have extensive knowledge of the market and bring the skills and enthusiasm to get the job done. And I pride myself on having fun while doing so!Honesty is everything and communication is key. If you're thinking of buying or selling a home, or know someone that is, I would love to get in touch and discuss how we can work together to get you where you want to be!


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Selling Armor garg stone legs 11 mods omg
Discussion in 'UO Trader's Hall' started by billy857, Oct 18, 2014.


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I have a vitamin B12 deficiency, which I get injections for every 3 months. I was told that B12 is an important vitamin for pregnancy and when I do fall pregnant that I could possibly need to up the injections to every month.
IS anyone else deficient in B12, and did you have to have more injections than usual???


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Tap Tap Fish - AbyssRium Apk Game for Android
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Categories: Bible, Christianity
5 replies
Christianity may have many denominations but it is not alone. If the word of God was clear in Islam or any other religion we wouldn't see any divisions yet we still do.
There are 70,000 different denominations in Christianity, while Islam only has a small handful of sects. The message of Quran & Tawhid are perfectly clear while Christianity is clear as mud.
There are as many Christian "denominations" as there are believers. We are allowed to differ in our views on doctrine. Christianity is more than a rule book, churches with steeples and bells, outer appearances of piety. He looks at our hearts where our thoughts and intents emerge. His mission is to refine and sanctify the deepest parts of our human nature, so that we become more like Him in every way, including our motives and longings. This process (some believe it occurs instantaneously) is not without pain.
Behold I stand at the door and knock. If any man hear my voice and open the door, I will come into him and dine with him and he with me. Jesus Christ
If the term "trinity" doesn't make sense to you, let it go; just respond favorably to Christ's promise to enter into you if asked. He will. That is what is of utmost importance. The One entering is the Holy Spirit and He does so as the representative of Jesus Christ on earth. Jesus remains in heaven. Just ignore the word "trinity" and ask Christ to enter your heart. Don't worry about the Who and the what. Jesus offers to dine with you, if so requested, and He will. He will.
Taste and see that the Lord is good. Simple


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I am a music educator, classically trained with an advanced performance degree. As a soloist and collaborative musician, I have performed professionally in ensembles, bands and orchestras both here and abroad. With a high degree of knowledge and proficiency, I teach proper technique and practice strategies, music notation, theory, rhythm and phrasing, while adapting teaching approaches to match the needs of each student. I share a love of music with my students and it gives me great pride to hear each student develop their own musical voice.
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I am a classically trained musician with an advanced performance degree. As a soloist and collaborative musician, I have performed professionally in ensembles, bands and orchestras both here and abroad. As a teacher of music, I have taught vocal and instrumental music lessons to hundreds of students, privately and in classrooms in both independent and public schools in Central NJ.
Pedagogical techniques for teaching music including playing pitched/unpitched instruments, singing, movement, body percussion and improvisation.
Founded in 1907, NAfME is among the world's largest arts education organizations. NAfME advocates at the local, state, and national levels; provides resources for teachers, parents, and administrators; hosts professional development events; and offers a variety of opportunities for students and teachers.


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Australia's ancient Aboriginal rock art at risk, experts sayBreaking News
Australia's greatest ancient Aboriginal rock art is at risk of being damaged or destroyed because it sits at the epicentre of the country's resources boom, experts say.
The etchings of men and animals on the rocks of the Burrup Peninsula, some of which are believed to be up to 30,000 years old, lie in Western Australia's remote and mineral-laden Pilbara region.
Images carved onto the red rocks scattering the landscape include kangaroos, lizards and emu tracks as well as the extinct native Tasmanian tiger which died out on the mainland 6,000 years ago.
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- James Oliver Horton remembered as a pioneer for African American research
- Theodore Lowi, Zealous Scholar of Presidents and Liberalism, Dies at 85
- What LT. Gen. H.R. McMaster will offer as new national security adviser
- Fareed Zakaria hails historian Nigel Hamilton's series as the memoir FDR never had the opportunity to write
- French Historian Says He Was Threatened With Deportation at Houston Airport


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SMEs Division Activities of SMEs Division December 2007, Jeju Dr. Guriqbal Singh Jaiya Director Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Division World Intellectual Property Organization www.wipo.int/sme
SMEs Division 2 Status: An intl intergovernmental organization Member States: 183 Staff: 915 from 94 countries Treaties Administered: 24 Decisions by: GA, WIPO Conference Guiding Principles: Transparency, Accountability, Consensus To promote the protection of IP rights worldwide and extend the benefits of the international IP system to all member States WIPOs Mission: Basic Facts about WIPO
SMEs Division 3 WIPO Milestones : 1883 to 2007 Paris Convention 1883 1886 1891 1893 1925 1960 1967 1970 1989 2002 Berne Convention Madrid Agreement BIRPI Hague Agreement BIRPI moves to Geneva WIPO Convention WIPO established PCT Madrid Protocol Internet Treaties
SMEs Division 4 Outreach Intellectual Property Offices Public Sector & Policy-Makers Entrepreneurs, SMEs, Universities, R & D Institutions, General Public & Civil Society Building awareness
SMEs Division 5 WIPOs Activities Norm- Setting Services to Industry Enterprise and Economic Development
SMEs Division 6 SMEs Division: Background In September 2000, the WIPO Assemblies approved the creation of a substantial new program of activities, focusing on the IP-related needs of SMEs worldwide SMEs Division established in October 2000
SMEs Division 7 (1) Demystification Studies Guides Events and expert missions Website and newsletter CD-ROM Magazine articles
SMEs Division 8 Strategy 1.Demystification 2.New audience 3.New Areas 4.Proactive 5.E-Services 6.Partnership
SMEs Division 9 (1) Demystification (Guides) WIPO/ITC Guide on Marketing of Crafts and Visual Arts; Role of Intellectual Property; A practical guide WIPO/ITC Guide on Secrets of Intellectual Property: Guide for Small and Medium Sized Exporters WIPO/ITC Guide on Exchanging Value: Negotiating Technology Licensing Agreements - A Training Manual ITC Guide on Exporting Automotive Components ITC Guide on Pharmaceutical SMEs (Forthcoming)
SMEs Division 10
SMEs Division 11 (1) Demystification (Guides) IP for Business Series Making a Mark (Trademarks) Looking Good (Designs) Inventing the Future (Patents) Creative Expression (Copyrights)
SMEs Division 12 Translation and/or customization: Under way, with funding from several sources, in the following countries: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Egypt, Estonia, Hungary, Italy, India, Israel, Kenya, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Malta, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozamb, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Vietnam 16 Countries members of the OAPI (1) Demystification (Guides)
SMEs Division 13 (1) Demystification (Events) Special programs, seminar and workshops organized by the SMEs Division in Geneva in partnership with selected associations and organizations Annual WIPO Forum on IP and SMEs for IP Offices of OECD Countries
SMEs Division 14 (1) Demystification (Website) The Website of the SMEs Division is in six UN languages (English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and Chinese) More than 160,000 pages viewed every month in 2005 Contents include sections such as IP for Business, IP and E-Commerce, Activities, Best Practices, Case Studies and Documents
SMEs Division 15 (1) Demystification (Website)
SMEs Division 16 (1) Demystification (Newsletter) Monthly e-newsletter in the 6 UN languages (Free) Content includes articles, updates with information, links and documents Launched in August 2001 Total number of subscribers: >26,000
SMEs Division 17 (1) Demystification (CD-ROM) 50,000 copies of the SMEs Division CD- ROM distributed to SME support institutions, IP Offices and others worldwide Marketing and customization E-learning CD ROM (in partnership with KIPO: IP PANORAMA)
SMEs Division 18 (1) Demystification (Articles) Some articles recently published: What to do if you are accused of copyright infringement Tapping into Patent Information: a buried treasure International trade in technology – licensing of know- how and trade secrets Intellectual Property and E-commerce: how to take care of your business website Offshore outsourcing and IP Savvy marketing: merchandising of IP rights
SMEs Division 19 (2) New Audience Bringing IP issues to SME events Bringing new business perspective to IP events New partnership: Open door policy IGOs, government focal points, SME support, training and financial institutions, chambers of commerce and industry, SME associations, SME research institutions, private sector institutions, universities, etc...
SMEs Division 20 (3) New Areas IP for financing (venture capital, securitization) Accounting and valuation of IP assets IP Asset Management, IP Due Diligence and IP Audit Fiscal policies and IP (tax incentives for R&D activities, patenting, licensing etc.) IP services to SMEs by incubators, technology parks, chambers of commerce and SME associations IP needs of SMEs in agriculture, biotechnology, handicrafts, software, textiles, etc
SMEs Division 21 (4) Being Proactive Original Content Links Best Practices Case Studies Country Studies
SMEs Division 22 (5) E-Services Web site content SME mail E-mail newsletter; monthly Distance learning (IP PANORAMA)
SMEs Division 23 (6) Partnership National and Regional IP Offices National SME focal points in government, private sector Chambers of Commerce and Industry SME Associations; Cooperatives Incubators, Science Parks, Technology Parks Universities; R & D Institutes Private Sector Consultants SME Finance Institutions (including venture capitalists) Other UN Agencies (ITC, ILO, UNIDO, AfDB)
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home > diabetes center > diabetes a-z list > low blood sugar hypoglycemia article > low blood sugar hypoglycemia topic guide
Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) Topic Guide
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is caused by overmedication, use of certain medications, use of alcohol, missed meals, kidney or liver infection, and more. Common symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
Seizure Seizure is a neurological condition that causes a series of jerking movements and loss of consciousness. Seizures are caused by disordered electrical activity in the brain rooted in a seizure disorder like epilepsy or a number of other primary causes. Seizures can be managed with medication.
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The Global FlyFisher
Simply the Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tyinghttp://globalflyfisher.com/video/pmds-pale-morning-dun-spinner
Simply the Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
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Published Jun 3. 2012 - 4 years ago
Updated or edited Jun 3. 2012
PMDS (Pale Morning Dun Spinner)
Hook: Partridge SUD #14, Thread: Benecchi 12/0, tan, Tail: Coq de Leon barbs, Abdomen: Mole, dyed chestnut, Thorax: Ostrich herl, dyed brown, Hackle: Sandy dun, Note: Hackle trimmed flush under shank
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Indica< Back to All Strains
Yoda OG
Yoda OG is a pungent strain with an aroma like wood, vanilla, and churned earth. With up to 22% THC, indica fans will love this sedative and relaxing bud.
Flowerbomb Kush
Flowerbomb Kush is an award-winning craft strain deserving of serious attention. A complex bouquet of wood, spice, cut flowers, and citrus gives an intoxicating aroma to a mellow and creative high.
Purple Elephant
Purple Elephant is a connoisseur strain. Difficult to grow, this craft indica features a wonderful grape aroma, giggly effects, and up to 25% THC.
Super Skunk
Super Skunk is an indica hybrid offspring of Skunk No. 1. An upbeat high is accompanied by a mellow and deeply relaxing body high, making this one pleasurable evening flower.
Ace of Spades
Ace of Spades is a TGA Subcool Seeds creation. Relaxing, giggly, and featuring up to 20% THC, this potent flower is an excellent way to de-stress.
Pre-98 Bubba Kush
Pre-98 Bubba Kush has been a favorite for close to two decades. A heavy-hitting strain with plenty of THC, this old school indica is perfect for anyone who enjoys a strong, sedative experience.
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Ogre Kush
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Do You Have Celiac Disease and Have Questions Or Need Help?
Join Celiac.com's forum / message board and get your questions answered! Our forum has nearly 1 MILLION POSTS, and over 62,000 MEMBERS just waiting to help you with any questions about celiac disease and the gluten-free diet. We'll see you there!
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Chelsea Clinton's Gluten-Free Wedding
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I diagnosed myself for gluten intolerance after a lifetime of bizarre, seemingly unrelated afflictions. If my doctors had their way, I would have already undergone neck surgery, still be on 3 different inhalers for asthma, be vomiting daily and having chronic panic attacks. However, since eliminating gluten from my diet in May 2009, I no longer suffer from any of those things. Even with the proof in the pudding (or gluten) my doctors now want me to ingest gluten to test for celiac-no can do.View all articles by Destiny Stone
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Celiac.com 07/31/2010 - Chelsea Clinton is set to wed Marc Mezvinsky today in what can only be described as the most high-profile gluten-free wedding ever! Until now, all-alternative banquet menus have been rare, but with Ms. Clinton blazing the trail for others, the gluten-free trend is sure to continue.
Many people may not realize that Chelsea Clinton has been a vegan since she was a teenager, meaning she doesn't eat meat, dairy, eggs, or any animal products. Chelsea is also said to have a gluten allergy, meaning she cannot eat wheat, rye or barley either; which is why her wedding cake will be gluten-free and vegan, along with most of the other food that she will be serving to her guests on Saturday.
A Gluten-free diet can be very restrictive, and vegan diets can be limiting too. Which is why gluten-free vegan's must be extremely careful with what they put in their body. While Chelsea probably chose her wedding menu due to her own personal health needs, it is likely to also have a trickle down effect on the general public. Grace Clerihew, of Table Tales, a New York Catering Firm responded to Chelsea's wedding menu saying, "This will empower people to make these requests. Prior to this, they might have thought it was not mainstream enough to even talk about, but now that they see it being done by such a public persona it becomes acceptable."
While gluten-free and vegan diets are often met with a great deal of scrutiny from mainstream consumers, chefs and caterers that understand specific dietary restrictions make delicious dishes that often have even the most extreme critics of the diet going back for seconds. Says Paula LeDuc of Paula LeDuc Fine Catering in San Francisco, "We've gotten very savvy about creating wonderful things with alternative ingredients." According to LeDuc, she always makes extra vegan dishes because many times guests will want to trade in their meat plate when they see the scrumptious vegan options that others are enjoying. In fact, LeDuc says that gluten-free requests have increased from about one per month last year, to one per week this year. LeDuc goes on to say, "Three or four years ago, gluten-free wasn't even part of the conversation."
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8 Responses:
MillieRating: ( Author)
said this on
09 Aug 2010 6:05:35 AM PST
Good for Mrs. Clinton the word is getting out. I've had Celiac for over 30 years I lived on rice crackers . What we have today is wonderful with all the new products and restaurants that have gluten-free menus .
(Comment Replies Disabled)
JbnyboundRating: ( Author)
said this on
09 Aug 2010 7:30:06 AM PST
This is just the kind of publicity celiac's need. Thanks Chelsea!
(Comment Replies Disabled)
Annette BentleyRating: ( Author)
said this on
09 Aug 2010 4:39:32 PM PST
It is great that finally this information is made public. On behalf of all individual with gluten intolerance and milk intolerance I wish to say thanks to Chelsea and her family.
(Comment Replies Disabled)
DonnaRating: ( Author)
said this on
09 Aug 2010 4:57:02 PM PST
Very interesting .This made good reading . Would loved to have been there to share.
(Comment Replies Disabled)
Jose A CollazoRating: ( Author)
said this on
10 Aug 2010 10:31:09 AM PST
It's sad that only when the rich and notorious are involved is when we are taken into consideration. However it is great because many people need to be aware of the condition.
(Comment Replies Disabled)
SarahRating: ( Author)
said this on
10 Aug 2010 4:30:30 PM PST
As a Celiac, I had a 100% gluten free wedding. Everything that came out of the hotel kitchen was safe for me to eat, and I didn't have to worry about cross-contamination, at least on the part of the kitchen staff. Special cake and chocolate fountain as well. This was in 2007. It can be done, and it's easier than you think. People actually had no idea the cake was gluten-free, and said it was some of the best they had ever tasted!
(Comment Replies Disabled)
AndreaRating: ( Author)
said this on
14 Aug 2010 7:36:07 AM PST
I really liked reading about the wedding menu. Went to a wedding just the other day, couldn't really eat anything because I have to be gluten-free. Hopefully, more people will think about it when planning a party menu.
(Comment Replies Disabled)
A. SommerRating: ( Author)
said this on
15 Aug 2010 9:37:42 AM PST
I live in Tuckahoe, NY, thanks to Chelsea, I now know of Lulu's Bakery which is close by in Scarsdale, NY.
(Comment Replies Disabled)


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Lighting in a small basement?
Started Jul 9, 2012 | Discussions thread
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danniross • Junior Member • Posts: 31
Lighting in a small basement?
Jul 9, 2012
I looked around amazon and the like and saw a few nifty studio kits, but then my penny pinching side took over and I thought to myself, what would be the pros and cons of trying to use the following link ? http://www.homedepot.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?productId=202765257&storeId=10051&langId=-1&catalogId=10053&MERCH=REC-_-SearchPLPHorizontal1-2-_-NA-_-202765257-_-N
Would there be a way to fit this into my photography without too much hassle, or should I just go for a kit?
If the latter, please provide affordable kit links for me if you wouldn't mind.
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Divya asks: a ball is dropped from elevator moving upward with an accleration 'a' by a boy standing in it . the acceleration of ball with respect to elevator is? (take upward direction positive)
Tag Archive: accleration
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Aug 14
Sign Convention in kinematics
Please tell me the sign convension for velocity & accleration for a body moving upwards ,downwards, right and left relative to another body? (Apoorv Katoch asked) Answer: In motion, sign conventions are arbitrary. You take one direction as positive and the direction opposite to it as negative. For example, if you consider a [...]
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Partisan Warfare, 1939-45
By (author) Peter Abbott Nigel Thomas
Illustrated by Mike Chappell
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Partisan Warfare, 1939-45 by Peter Abbott
Book DescriptionDuring 1941 the Germans occupied first Greece and the former Yuogslavia, then enormous areas of European Russia. Once the front line troops had moved on the struggle continued as bands of resistance fighters waged war against the occupation forces until their final withdrawal. The term 'partisan' is associated with Communist-led bands and they were often the most fanatical defenders of the Soviet realm. However, there were also non-Communist resistance groups which were nationalist and broadly constitutionalist and as a result a complicated three-way war developed. This book details the guerrilla war which was waged in the various regions and the uniforms and equipment of the combatants.
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Book DetailsISBN: 9780850455137
(240mm x 180mm x 4mm)
Pages: 48
Imprint: Osprey Publishing
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Publish Date: 26-Mar-1983
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Books By Author Peter Abbott
Modern African Wars, Paperback (February 2014)
In the 1970s, during the ruinous 30-year dictatorship of General Mobutu, periodic rebellions required the hasty insertion once again of Belgian and French paratroops to save European lives. This title tells the harrowing story of the wars that ravaged the Congo for four decades.
Rivals of the Raj, Hardback (October 2010)
This book traces the developments in the structure, armament, and uniforms of the armies maintained by the imperial powers in Asia throughout the colonial period, with illustrative order of battle material wherever possible.
Ukrainian Armies in the World Wars, Paperback (September 2004)
A study of Ukrainian troops, this text examines the organization, uniform and insignia of each Ukrainian force, demonstrating how and why they played such important roles during the World Wars.
Armies in East Africa 1914-1918, Paperback (October 2002)» View all books by Peter Abbott
During World War I a self-contained war was fought in the European colonies of East Africa, between the British, Belgians and Portuguese, against the garrison from German East Africa. In this title the weapons, tactics and logistics of this campaign are examined, along with the uniforms.
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Author Biography - Peter Abbott
Peter Abbott is a retired university lecturer. He has written or co-authored a number of Men-at-Arms titles for Osprey, including Men-at-Arms 379: Armies in East Africa 1914 18 . He is particularly interested in 19th and 20th century armies that are less well known to the English speaking reader, and he has been collecting material on the various Ukrainian forces for many years. DR NIGEL THOMAS is an accomplished linguist and military historian and is currently a Senior Lecturer in charge of the Business Language Unit at the University of Northumbria, Newcastle. His interests are 20th century military and civil uniformed organisations, with a special interest in Germany, Central and Eastern Europe. He was recently awarded a PhD on the Eastern Enlargement of NATO."
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STI 6531 Manual Call Point Stopper Surface Mounted (No Sounder)
Price From:
£34.61 (inc VAT) £28.84 (ex VAT)
Product Features
- Manufacturer : STI Europe
- Part Number : STI6531
- Colour : Red
- Surface Mounted Version (No Sounder)
- Includes 30mm Spacer
- Dimensions : Height (197mm) x Width (102mm) x Depth (87mm)
Technical Details
Please Note : The STI-6531 Unit Is Now Obsolete. It has been replaced by the STI-15C10ML version
STI 6531 Manual call point protective cover / Stopper, Surface Mounted without sounder (includes 30mm spacer)
- For surface mount applications (includes 30mm spacer).
- Avoids accidental operation, vandalism and product misuse, protects from dust and weather.
- Made out of robust clear polycarbonate.
- Polycarbonate tested from -40 degrees celcius to 49 degrees celcius.
- Easy to install, can be assembled over existing device.
- For additional security Lock or Break Seal optional available (not included).
- Colour: Red (Please call us if you require another colour).
- Height - 197 mm, Width - 102mm, Depth - 87mm.
The STI 6531 MCP Stopper is an robust transparent protective cover to avoid wrongful use of manual call points. This device helps stop false fire alarms either maliciously or accidentally activated, but it does not affect the functionality of the MCPs in any way.
Ideal for buildings where there is a history or threat of false fire alarms (e. g. schools, colleges, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, public buildings).
STI Manual Call Point Stopper Data Sheet
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