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Study Newcomer Education in the Netherlands - June 15-25, 2017
This 10-day trip will highlight P-12 education and teacher training, specifically focusing on newcomer education in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is recognized as one of the world leaders in providing education to refugee and immigrant children and families. Program travelers will stay in central Amsterdam and visit schools, higher education institutions, and historic sites in cities such as Utretcht and Zwolle, as well as meet with Dutch educational policy advocacy groups. Travelers will tour the Amsterdam canals, the Anne Frank House, the Dutch Resistance Museum, and other World War II sites. They will also be able to tour the famous Rijksmuseum, Rembrandt House, and Van Gogh Museum, and have the option to visit the unforgettable cities of Delft, Haarlem, Rotterdam, and The Hague. Learn more >
Students are eligible to apply for this program if they meet the following eligibility criteria:
• Degree or non-degree seeking student
• Good judicial standing
• 2.50+ GPA at time of application
• Junior standing by June 2017 and graduate students in any college
• As well as educators/administrators in the Watson College of Education professional partnership
Study Abroad in London, England – June 21-June 30th, 2017
Take a walk through history as you explore the streets of London while you engage in classroom instruction and university settings with your British colleagues. You will shadow London's best teachers and administrators daily and learn about the British educational system. Enjoy your evening tea as you stroll by Big Ben and the London Bridge. Visit the Travel Book Store from the movie, Notting Hill or walk Kate Middleton's wedding steps through Westminster Abbey. Watch the famous changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace for a glimpse of Queen Elizabeth departing from her home. London is a bustling city of over 8 million people with an energy felt on every street corner and an experience that will be life altering. If you are interested, contact Dr. Marsha Carr to be considered for this incredible adventure. Applications are due January 31st, 2016
Student Teach in Kuwait
Students will teach 10 weeks locally and 4 weeks at the American Creativity Academy, a private school in Kuwait City. Additionally, students complete a 3 hour seminar course with this internship. Students' airfare and housing will be covered by ACA Academy in Kuwait.
Want an un-Belizable Experience?
Consider a study abroad experience in 2017! Work in PreK-12 classrooms and camps, and go on excursions to learn about the culture! Learn more about this study abroad experience by attending and information session. Email Susan Catapano at firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
Study Abroad in Malawi, Africa - May 22-June 14
Make a difference in the lives of others by engaging in participatory action research in schools with Malawian colleagues during the summer term. The Malawi, Africa Study Abroad program offers UNCW students the opportunity to study abroad in Malawi, Africa for three-and-a-half weeks during the summer term. Students will conduct projects on learning, teaching, and leadership while interacting with internationally-recognized global leaders, educators, and learners in Malawi's public schools. Learn more >
Explore the Horn of Africa - December 10-21, 2016
Spend time in the Deborah and Fregenet Schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Contact Dr. Heidi Higgins at email@example.com for more information and how to apply.


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DEBKAfile was founded by a team of journalists in June 2000 as an independent Internet Web site, providing an intelligence and security news service. November 17, 2016, 5:43 PM (IDT)
The US director of national intelligence, James Clapper, announced on Thursday morning (US local time) that he had resigned. Clapper was quoted as saying in an interview with NBC that over 50 years of service "is more than enough". The Office of the Director of National Intelligence is a relatively new body established in 2005 following the passage of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. Its roles include advising the president and the National Security Council on intelligence maters related to national security as well as management of the country's 16 intelligence bodies and the national intelligence plan.
Our unique angle on these subjects – and strong intelligence dimension – has earned DEBKAfile a global reputation and a steady readership – which skyrockets in times of crisis.

subset: commoncrawl


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Lamp: Day and night
Lamp: Day and night - a game for the android platform will bring you into a world of chaos and impenetrable darkness, where you expect a fascinating journey and interesting logical tasks, to help two sisters who call day and night to fulfill an important mission for the division of the day into two halves. You are coming battle with the dark forces and search for the lost light. Your task - to perform different tasks on logic and observation to find and assemble hidden light sources. Katya glowing ball forward, you will be able to explore the dark corners of the game world.
The main properties of the game Lamp: Day and night:
- Three exceptional chapter is based on an interesting story
- Gameplay includes 18 stages of passage
- A fascinating puzzle
- The opportunity to fight with the bosses
attention! all files hosted with permission of the authors or applications found in the public domain in the internet, if some of the files violates your rights, please let us know


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Mechanistic and kinetic characterization of hepatitis C virus NS3 protein interactions with NS4A and protease inhibitors
Geitmann M.,Uppsala University |
Geitmann M.,Beactica AB |
Dahl G.,Uppsala University |
Dahl G.,Boehringer Ingelheim |
Danielson U.H.,Uppsala University
Journal of Molecular Recognition | Year: 2011
The mechanism and kinetics of the interactions between ligands and immobilized full-length hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1a NS3 have been characterized by SPR biosensor technology. The NS3 interactions for a series of NS3 protease inhibitors as well as for the NS4A cofactor, represented by a peptide corresponding to the sequence interacting with the enzyme, were found to be heterogeneous. It may represent interactions with two stable conformations of the protein. The NS3-NS4A interaction consisted of a high-affinity (K D = 50 nM) and a low-affinity (KD = 2 ÂμM) interaction, contributing equally to the overall binding. By immobilizing NS3 alone or together with NS4A it was shown that all inhibitors had a higher affinity for NS3 in the presence of NS4A. NS4A thus has a direct effect on the binding of inhibitors to NS3 and not only on catalysis. As predicted, the mechanism-based inhibitor VX 950 exhibited a time-dependent interaction with a slow formation of a stable complex. BILN 2061 or ITMN-191 showed no signs of time-dependent interactions, but ITMN-191 had the highest affinity of the tested compounds, with both the slowest dissociation (koff) and fastest association rate, closely followed by BILN 2061. The koff for the inhibitors correlated strongly with their NS3 protease inhibitory effect as well as with their effect on replication of viral proteins in replicon cell cultures, confirming the relevance of the kinetic data. This approach for obtaining kinetic and mechanistic data for NS3 protease inhibitor and cofactor interactions is expected to be of importance for understanding the characteristics of HCV NS3 functionality as well as for anti-HCV lead discovery and optimization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Source
Agency: Cordis | Branch: FP7 | Program: CP-FP | Phase: HEALTH.2010.2.3.3-4 | Award Amount: 7.82M | Year: 2010
Influenza viruses cause a highly contagious respiratory disease in both humans and animals. Typically, influenza spreads worldwide in seasonal epidemics resulting in an estimated 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths annually. In addition to these seasonal epidemics there have been several pandemics since the early 1900s, where highly virulent strains emerged, the most devastating being the Spanish Flu of 1918, which caused 20-40 million deaths globally. Vaccination is currently the primary means of controlling the spread of influenza virus infections but due to the viruss notorious ability to mutate, new vaccines must be developed each year. There are a few antiviral drugs that are currently on the market; however, their therapeutic potential is restricted through rapid appearance of drug-resistant viruses during treatment. Thus, the need for novel effective drugs against influenza is evident. The FLUCURE project aims at developing innovative, first-in-class therapeutics against influenza by targeting the viral ribonucleoprotein complex, which is replication core of the virion and a major contributor to viral virulence. The high level of conservation combined with slow mutation rates of the ribonucleoprotein complex should result in therapeutics with broad viral strain specificity associated with a reduced risk for developing resistance. FLUCURE builds further on two successful EU-FP7 drug discovery projects, FLUINHIBIT and FluDrugStrategy, both targeting specific but different protein-protein interactions of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex with small molecule inhibitors. A consortium of 10 partners with the required complementary skills will progress the lead candidates from these two projects synergistically through lead optimization and preclinical development phases, with the final objective to deliver one or more drug candidates suitable for entering clinical development within 4 years.
Agency: Cordis | Branch: FP7 | Program: CP-FP | Phase: HEALTH-2007-2.3.3-1;HEALTH-2007-2.3.3-7 | Award Amount: 1.94M | Year: 2008
Objective: To find and produce novel target compounds against the influenza virus. Influenza A capsid protein is the target since it does not mutate at the same rate as the Hemagglutinin or Neuraminidase proteins. We aim to develop new therapeutic antiviral solutions to combat the disease. Beyond state of the art: The project combines knowledge based design and synthesis of compounds with unique patented image analysis and mathematical algorithm software to find and develop new types of potential antiviral molecules. The expertise and methodology allows for rapid discovery of lead molecules with the potential to provide new classes of drugs/vaccines which are less sensitive to viral mutation or reassortment. Work plan: Key molecules with optimal binding kinetics to the Influenza capsid protein will be designed and synthesized then analysed and tested in two separate experimental systems for their effect upon the virus structure and maturation process. The evaluation of novel lead drugs will be performed using a combination of new rapid image analysis, backed up by established viral analysis techniques. Finally a plan will be created for the continued verification and development of the lead molecules. Impact: We aim to produce a new class of antiviral drug candidates which specifically bind to influenza A capsid protein. These substances may have two potential effects; 1. Binding could inhibit important protein-protein interactions thereby inhibit virus formation. 2. Binding to the capsid protein could change the virus structure or stabilize the virus particle, resulting in non-infectious particles to which the hosts immune system could respond. The expected impact will be i) identification of targets against influenza to provide new therapeutic options ii) new opportunities to develop an anti-influenza vaccine which might help prevent an influenza pandemic, iii) to support the continued commercial development of the two SME partners.
Agency: Cordis | Branch: FP7 | Program: CP-IP | Phase: HEALTH-2007-2.1.1-5 | Award Amount: 14.64M | Year: 2008
Cys-loop receptors (CLRs) form a superfamily of structurally related neurotransmitter-gated ion channels, comprising nicotinic acetylcholine, glycine, GABA-A/C and serotonin (5HT3) receptors, crucial to function of the peripheral and central nervous system. CLRs cover a wide spectrum of functions, ranging from muscle contraction to cognitive functions. CLR (mal)function is linked to various disorders, including muscular dystrophies, neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimers and Parkinsons, and neuropsychiatric diseases, e.g. schizophrenia, epilepsy and addiction. CLRs are potentially important drug targets for treatment of disease. However, novel drug discovery strategies call for in depth understanding of ligand binding sites, the structure-function relationships of these receptors and insight into their actions in the nervous system. NeuroCypres assembles the expertise of leading European laboratories to provide a technology workflow, which enables to embark on this next step in CLR structure and function. A major target of this project is to obtain high-resolution X-ray and NMR structures for CLRs and their complexes with diverse ligands, agonists/antagonists, channel blockers and modulators, which will reveal basic mechanisms of receptor functioning from ligand binding to gating and open new avenues to rational drug design. In addition, the project aims at understanding receptor function in the context of the brain, focusing on receptor biosensors, receptor-protein interactions and transgenic models. This major challenge requires application and development of a multidisciplinary workflow of high-throughput (HT) crystallization and HT-electrophysiology technologies, X-ray analysis, NMR and computational modeling, fragment-based drug design, innovative quantitative methods of interaction-proteomics, sensitive methods for visualization of activity and localization of receptors and studies of in vitro and in vivo function in animal models of disease.
Agency: Cordis | Branch: H2020 | Program: MSCA-ITN-ETN | Phase: MSCA-ITN-2015-ETN | Award Amount: 3.84M | Year: 2016
The promise of more efficient lead discovery is fuelling the enthusiasm for fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD). In this approach, highly sensitive biochemical and biophysical screening technologies are being used to detect the low affinity binding of low molecular weight compounds (the so-called fragments) to protein targets that are involved in pathophysiological processes. By investigating the molecular interactions between fragment hit(s) and the target protein, a detailed understanding of the binding event is obtained. This enables the rational and efficient optimisation of the hit fragment. The optimised compounds represent high quality leads for drug development. The necessary FBLD technologies and approaches have emerged mainly from small and specialised biotech companies. At present, FBLD is being adopted throughout pharmaceutical sciences, including by pharmaceutical companies, SMEs and academic research groups. So far, the necessary training that is needed to obtain an holistic view of the possibilities and opportunities that FBLD provides is missing, most likely because the highly multidisciplinary nature of the FBLD work is difficult to capture within one (academic) institute. Therefore, we have established FragNet as a dedicated FBLD training network. The consortium consists of the most prominent pharmaceutical companies, biotech companies and academic groups that have jointly shaped the FBLD research area. FragNet is committed to train 15 ESRs in all facets of FBLD using the combined technologies, skills and knowledge. This will include both research (e.g., technologies on the interface of chemistry and biology) and transferable skill sets (e.g., writing, media training, entrepreneurship and thorough understanding of scientific knowledge transfer). This will enable the ESRs to excel in todays drug discovery and chemical biology programmes that are performed in public and private organisations in the pharmaceutical sciences.


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On necessary and sufficient cryptographic assumptions: the case of memory checking Lecture 2 : Authentication and Communication Complexity Lecturer: Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science Web site of lectures :
Recap of Lecture 1 Key idea of cryptography: use computational intractability for your advantage One-way functions are necessary and sufficient to solve the two guard identification problem –Notion of Reduction between cryptographic primitives Equivalence of the existence of one-way functions: –Amplification of weak one-way functions –Distributionally one-way functions
Existence of one-way functions is equivalent: The existence of one-way functions is equivalent to Pseudo-random generators [HILL] Pseudo-random functions and permutations –Block ciphers Bit commitment –Implies zero-knowledge Signature Schemes (Non trivial) shared-key encryption Goal of these talk: add two other items to the list: Sub-linear authentication Memory Checking
Authentication Verifying that a string has not been modified –A central problem in cryptography –Many variants Relevant both in communication and in storage
The authentication problem one-time version Alice would want to send a message m {0,1} n to Bob They want to prevent Eve from interfering –Bob should be sure that the message m he receives is equal to the message m Alice sent Alice Bob Eve m
Specification of the Problem Alice and Bob communicate through a channel N Bob has an external register R N (no message) {0,1} n Eve completely controls the channel Requirements: R Completeness : If Alice wants to send m {0,1} n and Eve does not interfere – Bob has value m in R Soundness : If Alice wants to send m and Eve does interfere –RN –R is either N or m (but not m m ) RN –If Alice does not want to send a message R is N Since this is a generalization of the identification problem – must use shared secrets and probability or complexity Probabilistic version: Nfor any behavior from Eve, for any message m {0,1} n, the probability that Bob is in state m m or N is at most ε
Authentication using hash functions Suppose that – H= {h| h: {0,1} n {0,1} k } is a family of functions – Alice and Bob share a random function h H –To authenticate message m {0,1} n Alice sends (m,h(m)) –When receiving (m,z) Bob computes h(m) and compares to z RIf equal, moves register R to m R NIf not equal, register R stays in N What properties do we require from H –hard to guess h(m) - at most ε But clearly not sufficient: one-time pad. –hard to guess h(m) even after seeing h(m) - at most ε Should be true for any m –Short representation for h - must have small log|H| –Easy to compute h(m) given h and m
Universal hash functions Given that for h H we have h: {0,1} n {0,1} k we know that ε2 -k A family where this is an equality is called universal 2 Definition : a family of functions H= {h| h: {0,1} n {0,1} k } is called Strongly Universal 2 or pair-wise independent if: – for all m 1, m 2 {0,1} n and y 1, y 2 {0,1} k we have Prob[h(m 1 ) = y 1 and h(m 2 ) = y 2 ] = 2 -2k Where the probability is over a randomly chosen h H In particular Prob[h(m 2 ) = y 2 | h(m 1 ) = y 1 ] = 2 -k when a strongly universal 2 family is used in the protocol, Eves probability of cheating is at most 2 -k
Constructing universal hash functions The linear polynomial construction: fix a finite field F of size at least the message space 2 n –Could be either GF[2 n ] or GF[P] for some prime P 2 n The family H of functions h: F F i s defined as H= {h a,b (m) = am + b | a, b F} Claim : the family above is strongly universal 2 Proof: for every m 1, m 2, y 1, y 2 F there are unique a, b F such that am 1 +b = y 1 am 2 +b = y 2 Size: each h H represented by 2n bits
Constructing universal hash functions The inner product construction: fix a finite field F of size at least the target space 2 k –Could be either GF[2 k ] or GF[P] for some prime P 2 k Let n= l k Treat each message m {0,1} n as a (l+1) -vector over F where the first entry is 1. Denote by (m 0, m 1, …,m l ) The family H of functions h: F l F i s defined by all vectors (l+1) -vector H= {h a (m)= i=0 l a i m i | a 0, a 1, …,a l F} Claim : the family above is strongly universal 2 Proof: for every (m 0, m 1, …,m l ), (m 0, m 1, …,m l ) y 1, y 2 F there are there same number (and non-zero) of solutions to i=0 l a i m i = y 1 i=0 l a i m i = y 2 Size: each h H represented by n+k bits
Lower bound on size of strongly universal hash functions Theorem : let H= {h| h: {0,1} n {0,1} } be a family of pair-wise independent functions. Then |H| is Ω(2 n ) More precisely, to obtain a d -wise independence family |H| should be Ω(2 n d/2 ) Theorem : see N. Alon and J. Spencer, The Probabilistic Method Chapter 15 on derandomization, proposition 2.3
An almost perfect solution By allowing ε to be slightly larger than 2 -k we can get much smaller families Definition : a family of functions H= {h| h: {0,1} n {0,1} k } is called δ- Universal 2 if for all m 1, m 2 {0,1} n where m 1 m 2 we have Prob[h(m 1 ) = h(m 2 ) ] δ
An almost perfect solution Idea : combine a family of δ- Universal 2 functions H 1 = {h| {0,1} n {0,1} k } with a Strongly Universal 2 family H 2 = {h| {0,1} k {0,1} k } Consider the family H where each h H is {0,1} n {0,1} k is defined by h 1 H 1 and h 2 H 2 h(x) = h 2 (h 1 (x)). As before Alice sends m, h(m) Claim : probability of cheating is at most δ + 2 -k Proof: when Eve sends m, y we must have m m but either –y =h(m), which means that Eve succeeds with probability at most δ + 2 -k Collision in h 1 Or in h 2 Or –y h(m) which means that Eve succeeds with probability at most 2 -k Collision in h 2 Size: each h H represented by log |H 1 |+ log |H 2 |
Constructing almost universal hash functions The polynomial evaluation construction {0,1} n {0,1} k : fix a finite field F of size at least the target space 2 k –Could be either GF[2 k ] or GF[P] for some prime P 2 k Let n = k Treat each (non-zero) message m {0,1} n as a degree ( -1) - polynomial over F. Denote by P m The family H of functions h: F F is defined by all elements in F : H= {h x (m)= P m (x)| x F} Claim : the family above is δ- Universal 2 for δ= (-1)/2 k Proof: the maximum number of points where two different degree ( -1) polynomials agree is -1 Size: each h H represented by k bits m
Parameters for authentication To authenticate an n bits message with probability of error ε Need: Secret key length: (log n + log 1 / ε ) Added tag length (log 1 / ε) log n Lower bound does not hold for interactive protocols
Authentication for Storage Large file residing on a remote server Verifier stores a small secret `representative of file –Fingerprint –When retrieving the file should identify corruption The size of the fingerprint –A well understood problem
Sub-linear Authentication What about sub-linear authentication: –Do you have to read the whole file to figure out whether it has been corrupted? –Encode the information you store (Authenticators). –How large a fingerprint do you need? How much of the encoding do you need to read?
public encoding p x Authenticators How to authenticate a large and unreliable memory with a small and secret memory Encoding Algorithm E : –Receives a vector x 2 {0,1} n, encodes it into: a public encoding p x a small secret encoding s x. Space complexity: s(n) Decoding Algorithm D : –Receives a public encoding p and decodes it into a vector x 2 {0,1} n Consistency Verifier V : –Receives public p x and secret s x encodings, verifies whether decoder output = encoder input –Makes few queries to public encoding: query complexity: t(n) An adversary sees (only) the public encoding and can change it E secret encoding s x V D public encoding p y accept reject x {0,1} n x y
Power of the Adversary We have seen the access the Adversary has to the system Distinguish between computationally – all powerful and – Bounded Adversaries Dr. Evil
Pretty Good Authenticator Idea: encode X using a good error correcting code C –Actually erasures are more relevant –As long as a certain fraction of the symbols of C(X) is available, can decode X –Good example: Reed Solomon code Add to each symbol a tag F k (a,i), a function of secret information k 2 {0,1} s, symbol a 2 location i Verifiers picks random location i reads symbol a and tag t –Check whether t=F k (a,i) and rejects if not Decoding process removes all inappropriate tags and uses the decoding procedure of C
How good is the authenticator Suppose it is impossible to forge tags If adversary changes fraction of symbols –Probability of being caught per test is If the code C can recover X from 1- of the symbols –then the probability of false `accept is –Can make it smaller by repetition How to make the tags unforgeable? –Easy: Need the range of F k (a,i) to be large enough to make guessing unlikely –Need that for random k 2 {0,1} s any adversary given many tags {(a j,i j ) F k (a j,i j )} j Hard to guess F k (a,i) for any (a,i) not in the list
Computational Indistinguishability Definition : two sequences of distributions {D n } and {D n } on {0,1} n are computationally indistinguishable if for every polynomial p(n) and sufficiently large n, for every probabilistic polynomial time adversary A that receives input y {0,1} n and tries to decide whether y was generated by D n or D n |Prob[A=0 | D n ] - Prob[A=0 | D n ] | < 1/p(n) Without restriction on probabilistic polynomial tests: equivalent to variation distance being negligible β {0,1} n |Prob[ D n = β] - Prob[ D n = β]| < 1/p(n)
Pseudo-random Functions Let {s(n), m(n), (n)} be a sequence of parameters: F: {0,1} s {0,1} m {0,1} key Domain Range Denote Y= F k (X) A family of functions Φ n ={F k | k 0,1} s } is pseudo-random if it is Efficiently computable - random access and...
Pseudo-random Any polynomial time tester A that can choose adaptively –X 1 and get Y 1 = F S (X 1 ) –X 2 and get Y 2 = F S (X 2 ) … –X q and get Y q = F S (X q ) Then A has to decide whether – F k R Φ n or – F k R R m = { F | F :{0,1} m {0,1} } Not important for us
Pseudo-random For a function F chosen at random from (1) Φ n = {F k | k 0,1 s (2) R m = { F | F :{0,1} m {0,1} } For all polynomial time machines A that choose q locations and try to distinguish (1) from (2) for all polynomial 1/p(n) Prob A 1 F R F k - Prob A 1 F R R n m 1/p(n)
Equivalent/Non-Equivalent Definitions Instead of next bit test: for X X 1,X 2,, X q chosen by A, decide whether given Y is –Y= F S (X) or –Y R 0,1 m Adaptive vs. Non-adaptive Unpredictability vs. pseudo-randomness Really what we need
Existence of Pseudo-Random functions and Authenticators If one-way functions exist so pseudo-random generators If pseudo-random generators exist, so do pseudo- random functions Authenticators Conclusion: If one-way functions exist, –so do sublinear authenticators with Secret memory: sufficient to store a key Query complexity log n or log n log 1/ Probability of error
So are we done Two problems: Need –computational bounded adversary and –one-way functions Efficiency: the evaluation of a pseudo-random function might be a burden to add to every memory fetch operation
Composing universal hash functions Concatenation Let H where each h H is {0,1} n {0,1} k be a family of δ- Universal 2 functions Consider the family H where each h H is {0,1} 2n {0,1} 2k and where h(x 1,x 2 ) = h(x 1 ), h(x 2 ) for some h H Claim : the family above is δ- Universal 2 Proof: let x 1, x 2 and x 1, x 2 be a pair of inputs. If x 1 x 1 collision must occur in first part h(x 1 )=h( x 1 ) Else, x 2 x 2 and collision must occur in second part h(x 2 )=h( x 2 ) In either case the probability is at most δ
Composing universal hash functions Composition Let H 1 = {h| h:{0,1} n 1 {0,1} n 2 } with H 2 = {h| h: {0,1} n 2 {0,1} n 3 } be families of δ- Universal 2 functions Consider the family H where each h H is {0,1} n 1 {0,1} n 3 is defined by h 1 H 1 and h 2 H 2 h(x) = h 2 (h 1 (x)) Claim : the family above is 2 δ- Universal 2 Proof: the collision must occur either at the first hash function or the second hash function. Each event happens with probability at most δ and we apply the union bound n2n2 n1n1 n3n3
The Tree Construction h1h1 h2h2 h3h3 Let n= l k and let each h i : {0,1} 2k {0,1} k be chosen independently from H a δ -Universal family, then result is a family of functions {0,1} n {0,1} k which is tδ - Universal where t is the number of levels in the tree Size: t log |H| m
Communication Complexity Alice x2Xx2X Bob y2Yy2Y Let f:X x Y Z Input is split between two participants Want to compute outcome: z=f (x,y) while exchanging as few bits as possible
A protocol is defined by the communication tree z 0 z 1 z 2 z 3 z 4 z 5 z 6 z 7... Alice: 0 Bob: 1 Alice: 0 Bob: 1 z5z5
A Protocol A protocol P over domain X x Y with range Z is a binary tree where –Each internal node v is labeled with either a v :X {0,1} or b v :Y {0,1} –Each leaf is labeled with an element z 2 Z The value of protocol P on input (x,y) is the label of the leaf reached by starting from the root and walking down the tree. At each internal node labeled a v walk – left if a v (x)=0 – right if a v (x)=1 At each internal node labeled b v walk – left if b v (y)=0 – right if b v (y)=1 –The cost of protocol P on input (x,y) is the length of the path taken on input (x,y) –The cost of protocol P is the maximum path length
Motivation for studying communication complexity Originally for studying VLSI questions Connection with Turing Machines Data structures and the cell probe model Boolean circuit depth … New application: lower bound for the authentication problem
Communication Complexity of a function For a function f:X x Y Z the (deterministic) communication complexity of f ( D(f) ) is the minimum cost of protocol P over all protocols that compute f Observation : For any function f:X x Y Z D(f) log |X| + log |Z| Example : let x,y µ {1,…,n} and let f(x,y)=max{x [ y} Then D(f) · 2 log n
Median let x,y µ {1,…,n} and let MED(x,y) be the median of the multiset x [ y If the size is even then element ranked |x [ y|/2 Claim : D(MED) is O(log 2 n) protocol idea : do a binary search on the value, each party reporting how many are above the current guess Exercise : D(MED) is O(log n) protocol idea : each party proposes a candidate See which one is larger - no need to repeat bits
Combinatorial Rectangles A combinatorial rectangle in X x Y is a subset R µ X x Y such that R= A x B for some A µ X and B µ Y Proposition: R µ X x Y is a combinatorial rectangle iff (x 1,y 1 ) 2 R and (x 2,y 2 ) 2 R implies that (x 1,y 2 ) 2 R For Protocol P and node v let R v be the set of inputs (x,y) reaching v Claim: For any protocol P and node v the set R v is a combinatorial rectangle Claim: For any given the transcript of an exchange between Alice an Bob possible (but not x and y ) possible to determine z=f(x,y)
Fooling Sets For f:X x Y Z a subset R µ X x Y is f - monochromatic if f is fixed on R Observation: any protocol P induces a partition of X x Y into f - monochromatic rectangles. The number of rectangles is the number of leaves in P A set S µ X x Y is a fooling set for f if there exists a z 2 Z where –For every (x,y) 2 S, f(x,y)=z –For every distinct (x 1,y 1 ), (x 2,y 2 ) 2 S either f(x 1,y 2 )z or f(x 2,y 1 )z Property: no two elements of a fooling set S can be in the same monochromatic rectangle Lemma: if f has a fooling set of size t, then D(f) log 2 t z z x1x1 x2x2 y1y1 y2y2
Applications Equality : Alice and Bob each hold x,y 2 {0,1} n –want to decide whether x=y or not. Fooling set for Equality S={(w,w)|w 2 {0,1} n } Conclusion : D(Equality) ¸ n Disjointness : let x,y µ {1,…,n} and let –DISJ(x,y)=1 if |x y| ¸ 1 and –DISJ(x,y)=0 otherwise Fooling set for Disjointness S={(A,comp(A))|A µ {1,…,n} } Conclusion : D(DISJ) ¸ n
Rank lower bound For f:X x Y {0,1} let M f tbe the |X| x |Y| matrix where entry f(x,y) has value f(x,y). The rank of f is the rank of M f over the reals. Theorem : For any f:X x Y {0,1} D(f) log 2 rank(f) Proof: For any protocol P M f = leaf M M is the matrix corresponding to the rectangle of leaf Examples: – Equality M Equality is the identity matrix – rank is 2 n
Inner Product Let x,y 2 {0,1} n IP(x,y)= i=1 n x i y i mod 2 What is rank(M IP )? Let N=M IP M IP. Then entry ( x,y) in N is z 2 {0,1} n which is # zs where = =1 –2 n-2 if xy –2 n-1 if x=y –0 if x or y is 0 Hence rank(N) ¸ 2 n -1. Since rank(M IP M IP ) · min{rank(M IP },rank(M IP }} rank(M IP } ¸ 2 n -1 and D(IP) ¸ n
Non-determinism and covers Can a protocol tree be very unbalanced? –Technique for balancing: given a protocol with t leaves there is a protocol with communication complexity O(log t) Is the monotone rectangles lower bound tight? Consider instead of partition into monochromatic rectangles a cover by monochromatic rectangles The rectangles are not necessary disjoint For z 2 Z a z-cover handles only the inputs (x,y) where f(z,y)=z This corresponds to non-deterministic complexity A non-deterministic protocol for verifying that f(x,y)=z: Alice: Guess a rectangle R intersecting row x, send name to Bob Bob: verify that R intersects column y tell Alice Accept only if Bob approve Complexity: log # of z-rectangles
Probabilistic Protocols ALICE BOB y x Random coins
Probabilistic Communication Complexity Alice an Bob have each, in addition to their inputs, access to random strings of arbitrary length r A and r B (respectively) A probabilistic protocol P over domain X x Y with range Z is a binary tree where –Each internal node v is labeled with either a v (x, r A ) or b v (y, r B ) –Each leaf is labeled with an element z 2 Z Take all probabilities over the choice of r A and r B P computes f with zero error if for all (x,y) Pr[P(x,y)=f(x,y)]=1 P computes f with error if for all (x,y) Pr[P(x,y)=f(x,y)] ¸ 1- For Boolean f, P computes f with one-sided error if for all (x,y) s.t. f(x,y)=0 Pr[P(x,y)=0]=1 and for all (x,y) s.t. f(x,y)=1 Pr[P(x,y)=1] ¸ 1-
Measuring Probabilistic Communication Complexity For input (x,y) can consider as the cost of protocol P on input (x,y) either worst-case depth average depth over r A and r B Cost of a protocol : maximum cost over all inputs (x,y) The appropriate measure of probabilistic communication complexity: R 0 (f): minimum (over all protocols) of the average cost of a randomized protocol that computes f with zero error. R (f): minimum (over all protocols) of the worst-case cost of a randomized protocol that computes f with error. – Makes sense: if 0< <½ R(f) = R 1/3 (f): R 1 (f): minimum (over all protocols) of the worst-case cost of a randomized protocol that computes f with one-sided error. – Makes sense: if 0< <1. R 1 (f) = R ½ 1 (f):
Equality Idea: pick a family of hash functions H={h|h:{0,1} n {1…m}} such that for all xy, for random h 2 R H Pr[(h(x)=h(y)] · Protocol: Alice: pick random h 2 R H and send Bob: compare h(x) to h(y) and announce the result This is a one-sided error protocol with cost log|H|+ log m Constructing H: Fact: over any two polynomials of degree d agree on at most d points Fix prime q such that n 2 · q · 2n 2 map x to a polynomial W x of degree d=n/log q over GF[q] H={h z |z 2 GF[q]} and h z (x)=W x (z) = d/q= n/q log q · 1/n log n
Relationship between the measures Error reduction (Boolean): for one-sided errors: k repetitions reduces to k hence R k 1 (f) · kR 1 (f) for two-sided errors: k repetitions and taking majority reduces the error using Chernoff bounds Derandomization: R(f) = R 1/3 (f) 2 (log D(f)) General Idea: find a small collection of assignments to where the protocol behaves similarly. Problem: to work for all pairs of inputs need to repeat ~n times Instead: jointly evaluate for each leaf the probability of reaching it, on the given input: P [x,y] = P A [x|Bob follows the path] ¢ P B [y|Alice follows the path] Chernoff: if Pr[x i ] = 1] =1/2 - then Pr[ i=1 k x i > k/2] · e- 2 2 k Alice computes and sends. Accuracy: log R(f) bits Bob computes
Public coins model What if Alice and Bob have access to a joint source of bits. Possible view: distribution over deterministic protocols Let R pub (f): be the minimum cost of a public coins protocol computing f correctly with probability at least 1- for any input (x,y) Example: R pub (Equality) = (-log ) Theorem : for any Boolean f: R (f) is R pub (f)+O(log n + log 1/ Proof : choose t = 8n/ 2 assignments to the public string…
Simulating large sample spaces Want to find among all possible public random strings a small collection of strings on which the protocol behave similarly on all inputs Choose m random strings For input (x,y) event A x,y is more than ( + ) of the m strings fail the protocol Pr[A x,y ] · e -2 2 t < 2 -2n Pr[ [ x,y A x,y ] · x,y Pr[A x,y ] <2 2n 2 -2n =1 Good 1- Bad Collection that should resemble probability of success on ALL inputs
Number of rounds So far have not been concerned with the number of rounds It is known that there functions with a large gap in the communication complexity between protocols with few and many rounds What is the smallest number of rounds?
What happens if we flatten the tree? mAmA mBmB f(x,y) ALICE BOB CAROL y x
The simultaneous messages model: Alice receives x and Bob who receives inputs y They simultaneously send a message to a referee Carol who initially get no input Carol should compute f(x,y) Several possible models: Deterministic: all lower bounds for deterministic protocols for f(x,y) are applicable here Shared (Public) random coins: –Equality has a good protocol Consider public string as hash functions h, Alice sends h(x) Bob sends h(y) and Charlie compares the outcome The complexity can be as little as O(1) is after constant probability of error Provided the random bits are chosen independently than the inputs
Simultaneous Messages Protocols Suggested by Yao 1979 mAmA mBmB f(x,y) x {0,1} n y {0,1} n ALICE BOB CAROL
Simultaneous Messages Protocols For the equality function: There exists a protocol where –|m A | x |m B | = O(n) –Let C be a good error correcting code –Alice and bob arrange C(x) and C(y) in an |m A | x |m B | rectangle Alice sends a random row Bob send a random columns Carol compares the intersection
Simultaneous Messages Protocols Lower bounds for the equality function: –|m A | + |m B | = (n) [Newman Szegedy 1996] –|m A | x |m B | = (n) [Babai Kimmel 1997] Idea: for each x 2 {0,1} n find a `typical multiset of messages T x = {w 1, w 2,…,w t } where t 2 O(|m B |) Each w i is a message in the original protocol, |m A | bits Property: for each message m B the behavior on T x approximates the real behavior Average behavior of Carol on w 1, w 2,…,w t is close to its average response during protocol Over random i, and randomness of Carol Over randomness of Alice and Carol
Simultaneous Messages Protocols How to find for each x 2 {0,1} n such a `typical T x of size t Claim: a random choice of w i s is good Proof by Chernoff – Need to `take care of every m B (2 |m B | possibilities ) Claim: for x x we have T x T x – Otherwise behaves the same when y = x for x and x Let S x be the m B s for which protocol mostly says 1 Let W x be the m B s for which protocol mostly says 0 Then for y=x the distribution should be mostly on S x Conclusion: t ¢ |m A | ¸ n and we get |m A | x |m B | = (n) [Babai Kimmel 1997]
General issue What do combinatorial lower bounds men when complexity issues are involved? What happens to the pigeon-hole principal when one-way functions (one-way hashing) are involved? Does the simultaneous message lower bound hold when one-way functions exist –Issue is complicated by the model –Can define Consecutive Message Protocol model with iff results
And now for something completely different
Faculty members in Cryptography and Complexity Prof. Uri Feige Prof. Oded Goldreich Prof. Shafi Goldwasser Prof. Moni Naor Dr. Omer Reingold Prof. Ran Raz Prof. Adi Shamir אורי פייגה עודד גולדרייך שפי גולדווסר מוני נאור עומר ריינגולד רן רז עדי שמיר One of the most active groups in the world!
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The 2017 World Para Nordic Skiing Championships will be held in Finsterau, Germany, between 10-19 February. Full results and a competition schedule are available via the Finsterau 2017 website.
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World Para Ice Hockey searches for Athlete Representative National Paralympic Committees can nominate one athlete to sit on the Sport Technical Committee, representing the athlete voice.


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Discussion in 'Politics' started by Salty, Apr 24, 2014.
Check out this link
Stupid question. Of course Christians can, may and should run for public office.
I'm glad you read the link - any commnets on it
Years ago they did. Catholics started doing the same and in some places nuns were hired to teach.
Looking back, I'd say the country is in a mess due to Christians leaving the public schools to the liberals/lost. Not pointing fingers - leaving the public system seemed great at the time.
Just left a beehive of educational muck to indoctrinate the masses.
One of our school board members is a friend of ours and a member of our church. I'm glad she's there!
Yes, I read it, and no I have no comments on it. I'm more concerned you thought it questionable.
There's really not much to say. Their mission statement is all I saw relevant to your question:
Sounds like a good idea to me. We need more Christian influence in secular venues, in my opinion.
Recd this Email - from the same souce as the OP
Have YOU or someone you know ever considered Serving on Your Local School Board?
Here's what other Christians have said about their service on their local school board:
"The school district is the largest employer and most influential organization in our community. As a believer in Christ I felt obligated to being His love and light through the school doors."
"I wanted to donate my time to public service in a forum where I felt the Lord could use me."
"I did have the opportunity and responsibility to review all textbooks and put in a word for good family values."
"I felt my personal Judeo-Christian ethics and morals were brought to life when we had opportunity to give some people a second chance."
"I had influence in the consideration of Christmas music and celebrations. Our teachers as a group were given a green light in these areas."
TLI Inc. can answer your questions and give you encouragement as you consider the possibility of becoming a school board candidate.
We are also available to come to your church to talk about public schools and your involvement.


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Dear Shoppers, We are undergoing a company-wide computer system upgrade, and the inventory levels listed on our website may not accurately reflect what is actually on our shelves. Please give us a call at 303-322-7727 and a bookseller will be happy to check stock for you. We apologize for the inconvenience.
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I'm really looking forward to seeing this exhibit when it comes to my town!
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Scale-up Chromatography Technology
Chromatography is a well-established biopurification method. Processing biomolecules for initial capture of target product, purification of the target molecule and the removal of potentially harmful contaminants from the purified product, all place different demands on the chromatography process.
Choosing the right Chromatography TechnologyNo single technology can address all of your processing needs. Pall offers chromatography-users a variety of chromatography process options to optimize separation efficiency for your process economics. Our product range includes chromatography sorbents, Mustang® membrane technology, columns and systems. The first question to answer when designing a process is the correct choice of chromatography media. The chart below highlights the main points to consider:
Ion-exchange ChromatographySince ion-exchange is the most widely used chromatographic technique, guidelines on how to determine the most suitable ion-exchange chromatography chemistry for a given application are provided below.
Process Optimization and Simple Scale-up GuidelinesThere are several key parameters that will influence the ability of chromatography media to capture, separate or purify the target molecule. These include:
- Process variables, pH being the most important parameter
- The ionic strength of the mobile phase also plays a key role in determining the efficiency of binding and elution of the target species In order to design the optimum process for large scale manufacturing, small scale scouting studies are required to:
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- Determine the maximum amount of product that can be loaded before the purity specification is no longer met for each chromatographic step. After chromatographic conditions have been optimized, the following issues should be be considered before scale-up:
- Increase chromatographic media volume in proportion to increases in sample volume
- Maintain the sample and mobile phase composition
- Hold the total elution time constant in proportion to media volumes
- Maintain linear flow rates to ensure gradients are accurately replicated with increased scale


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Des Moines (IA) Assisted Living Facilities & Senior Lifestyle Options
Seniors often find that assisted living facilities are a great solution for their retirement years. Seniors find that these assisted living facilities offer needed support for activities of daily living, while allowing the senior a chance to explore all the great things that Des Moines has to offer.
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ManorCare Health Services-West Des Moines5010 Grand Ridge Drive, West Des Moines, IA 50266
The Continental at St. Joseph's Assisted Living19999 St. Joseph's Drive, Centerville, IA 52544
State licensed: This Des Moines organization was licensed when last updated. Check your local ombudsmen for the current status. All information on SeniorLiving.Org is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.


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xpedx goes beyond traditional distribution of housekeeping supplies, chemicals and equipment. Learn how xpedx can work with you to provide a clean and sustainable healthcare environment.
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- follow joeyatlasprogram
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Cellulite And Food
Beauty care Vanessa Oliveira
Is 28 years old, measuring 1.75 m and weighs 57 pounds. Vanessa Oliveira, model and television presenter, in front of the "Fame Show" (sic), is sparing no efforts when it comes to taking care of your body.
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3301 Bath Pike, Bethlehem, PA 18017Request info Add to list
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text: I have a wife that 'intensely dislikes' large boxes dotted around the living room. Therefore I am limited to having Sub/Sat type systems for my Av stuff. I currently have the Eltax Starlight X1 set, 5 sats and a sub and am wondering if a set of Mission FS2's would sound better. The Eltax's sound a little bright to me and I cannot demo the Fs2's. Given the Missions originally had a price tag of more than £600 I guess they must be quite good. My budget won't stretch to the Egg's or Gallo's. Any advice welcomed. thanks


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Your other half is such a grump today
Your other half is such a grump today
true, spammy phone calls are the most annoying.
you are already thinking about next Christmas.
False but I am thinking about up coming bdays...
Its suddenly got really hot
False. I've been in the air con since I got from grocery shopping.
You are watching your OH play with your LO.
False. I'm in the nursery rocking DS to sleep and avoiding DD since I have a toothache. DH is cooking dinner, bless him.
You wish you could have a day to yourself to recharge/relax.
True!! Would like a night out alone with hubby!!
You are looking forward to a night out with your hubby sometime soon.
True.. well im hoping so!!!!
You can't be bothered cooking
False. Enchiladas all ready to go in the oven when hubby comes home.
You wish it wasn't so hot!! Over the sweat
True... this afternoon has been horrible!
You can't wait to go to sleep tonight
Pregnant for the first-time?
Not sure where to start? We can help!
Our Insider Programs for pregnancy first-timers will lead you step-by-step through the 14 Pregnancy Must Dos!


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How to Get a Reluctant Reader to Read
What Will Help Your Child Want to Read?
Practices makes perfect. How then do you get a reluctant reader to read in order to improve their reading skills?
- Find out your child's true reading level. Reluctant reading could be a sign of a child behind the rest of their class or struggling to keep up. Then work on reading well at their current reading level before advancing to more challenging texts.
- Go to the library and enjoy the variety of reading materials. Let your child try books and move immediately to another title if it is too hard. The issue is to get practice.
- Install educational software for reading, literacy and spelling on your home computer. Set up a timer to enforce a minimum time spent on the educational software. Turn off the internet connection to prevent surfing instead of learning.
- Take turns reading pages of a bedtime story. If your child struggles to read a whole page, alternate reading paragraphs or sentences. Alternatively, pull out baby books and let the child read these familiar books quickly, building confidence, before moving back to readers that are on level.
- Is your child starting to read independently? Don't stop reading to your child. Reading to the child while they can follow along builds their confidence and comprehension.
- Reading is a skill improved by practice. If your child is struggling at their current reading level, read many books at the lower level. After reading speed and comprehension improves, return to reading at the higher level.
- Workbooks on reading, spelling, phonics and comprehension are cheaper than tutors. Buy a few workbooks on the areas in which your child is weak and set aside time each day to build up these skills.
- Bribery, though often maligned, can help. Offer a reward for completing a certain number of books. For young children, use five as an attainable goal. For older children, require ten books read. That number can be reduced if chapter books and longer books are read. Offer a reward like a movie night, miniature golf or family outing of the child's selection. Before flinching at the price of the outing, remember that this is cheaper than several hours at a tutoring center. Require a minimum score, at least the equivalent to passing grades, before any rewards are given in return for the work.
- Use the library's free movie lending to reduce the cost of bribing your child to read. Permit your child to select a movie to watch at home after they have read a book at the library. If they refuse to read, place the movie back and go home.
- Hold the TV and gaming devices hostage if necessary. There is no television or video gaming until after a minimum time is spent reading or a book is completed.
- If your child continues to resist reading, have their reading skills assessed. Your child's reading comprehension may be low, causing them to fear reading because of its difficulty.
- If your child loves a particular character, offer to buy a new book about this character when they finish the current title. If your child makes progress on these books, buy the whole series so that you can feed them to your child as soon as each book is done. While you may balk at buying a whole set of 15 Bernstein Bears or Jimmy Neutron books now, it is cheaper than having to pay for literacy tutoring later. You can save money by buying the books in sets off eBay.
- Enter your child in summer reading programs that reward kids for how many books they read, so they gain an incentive and support network for reading.
- Take younger children to story time events and talk excitedly about how much fun it would be for the child to be able to read stories for themselves.
- When your child has started reading, don't stop reading to them. Reading to them helps reinforce sight word recognition and proper pronunciation of words.
More by this Author
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Ham radio has been a bedrock of emergency communications for decades and will be invaluable for maintaining communications in a variety of end of the world scenarios as well as disasters.
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World War 2 was a time of strife and shortages for almost everyone. There are many frugal living tips from that era that we can use today and during future shortages or supply disruptions.


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Plumber World
Plumber World - a great puzzle for Android, the essence of which is to ensure that the laboratory is necessary to eliminate the mess and restore water and give the correct direction of laboratory liquids. The pipeline consists of a large number of parts. The task is complicated by the fact that time is limited, so try to catch, so the experiment was successful.
Gameplay is carried out in two modes. To start the game better with a simple arcade. This will help to quickly adapt to the game, as well as learn about the unexpected gifts, which are prepared by developers. The second mode - the campaign mode, which is better to address, having accumulated a certain level. Campaign mode provides for the passage of nearly a hundred levels.
Time to complete the task given from ten to thirty seconds. It may seem that this is not enough, but after you've mastered the game, it will be enough to solve the puzzle, and the feeling of lack of time, the game provides a certain dynamics.
Advantages game Plumber World:
· Implementation of gameplay in two modes
· A large number of levels in campaign mode
· Actions in the game are limited by time
· Puzzle that must be!
· A huge number of puzzles and challenges will not get bored
· Attractive graphics
· Excellent animation
· Wonderful music
· For the game and for all that it offers, no need to pay!
What upset game Plumber World:
· Do not appreciate lots of advertising
· If you do not like, when you limit the game in time, then you will be annoyed.
Summary: If you were a fan of the game Plumbing, this classic puzzle game you will love it.
Download and enjoy!
attention! all files hosted with permission of the authors or applications found in the public domain in the internet, if some of the files violates your rights, please let us know


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Download video: Mahatma and Bhagatsingh.avi
Channel: Gaurav Pandit
TIP: Right-click and select "Save link as.." to download video
Initializing link download.....
It is wrong to say Gandhi did not help Bhagatsingh. Truth is that Gandhiji did all, he could do to release Krantiveer(Hinsa).Tthose who agreed on they will not do activity by way of hinsa were release from prison but still there were many who said we believein the path we have chosen, and is the right way to get freedom to them Gandhi was not able to free from jail. Bhagatsingh was one of them The Gandhiji gave tribute to Bhagat saying was "I wish I have courage, Deshprem that this young man has........"


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Latest Articles
Encrypted apps pose puzzles for policymakers
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I invite you to read this interesting collection of articles, on widely divergent topics, below, in the return of the mostly weekly "Roundup." — Quin — The insightful, morally serious […]
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My friend Steve Stone wrote this for what some call "Presidents Day" on Monday, but you'll see from his column why I am proud to run it today, on George […]
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By Quin Hillyer at PJ Media; By now, we "get it." We understand. As all of this week's standard readings tell us, and as both Old and New Testaments tell […]
Bob Michel, conservative hero, R.I.P.
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By Quin Hillyer at National Review Online; Former House Republican leader Bob Michel, who died Friday two weeks shy of his 94th birthday, should be remembered as a brave veteran […]
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At al.com, Kyle Whitmire makes a compelling case that the appointment of Luther Strange to the U.S Senate looks awfully fishy. It is well worth a close read, and thoughtful […]
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By Quin Hillyer /
Nordstrom has every right to stop selling items that don't sell well. Vladimir Putin is a vicious thug. He is in every respect America's moral inferior. Yes, racism is still […]
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By Quin Hillyer at The Examiner; The Senate's famous filibuster, now on the brink of elimination, should be both revived and limited by listening to Democrats on how to reform […]


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12:08 East of BucharestDirector: Corneliu Porumboiu, Mircea Andreescu, Teo Corban, Ion Sapdaru
Cast: Corneliu Porumboiu, Mircea Andreescu, Teo Corban, Ion Sapdaru
Gil-Scott Heron once wrote "the revolution will not be televised," but one Romanian newsman attempts to put his nation's revolution on the air after the fact in this satiric comedy from writer and director Corneliu Porumboiu. It's the sixteenth anniversary of the revolt that removed Communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu from power in Romania, and Jderescu (Ion Sapdaru) is the host of a televised public affairs show who wants to do a special program on the revolution. Jderescu's idea is to bring on a handful of ordinary citizens to discuss their role in Ceausescu's overthrow and how their lives have changed since Communist rule was swept from Romania. However, Jderescu can only round up two guests for his broadcast -- elderly Piscoci (Mircea Andreescu), who's more interested in playing Santa Claus for the neighborhood kids than talking politics, and Manescu (Teo Corban), a schoolteacher nursing a brutal hangover. As Jderescu tries to lead a serious discussion of how Romania has changed since Ceausescu was driven from power, the conversation wanders off on a tangent about where the revolution actually took place, and the waters become even more muddied when Jderescu opens up the phone lines for questions from viewers, most of whom have their own distinct (and strongly conflicting) memories of the Revolution . . . and one of which has a bone to pick with Manescu over some drunken insults he hurled the night before. A Fost Sau n-a Fost? (aka 12:08 East of Bucharest) received its North American premier at the 2006 Toronto Film Festival.
Product Details
- Release Date:
- 10/09/2007
- 0842498020333
- Original Release:
- 2006
- Source:
- Tartan Video
- Region Code:
- 1
- Presentation:
- [Wide Screen]
- Time:
- 1:29:00
- Sales rank:
- 52,304
Special Features
Cast & Crew
Technical Credits
|Corneliu Porumboiu
|Daniel Burlac
|Executive Producer
|George Dascalescu
|Camera Operator
|Alexandru Dragomir
|Sound/Sound Designer
|Cristina Illie
|Marius Panduru
|Daniel Raduta
|Art Director,Production Designer
|Monica Raduta
|Costumes/Costume Designer
|Mihai Reti
|Special Effects
|Score Composer
|Mihai Sofronea
|Asst. Director
|Florin Stoian
|Special Effects
|Roxana Szel
|Sebastian Zsemlye
|Sound/Sound Designer
Scene Index
1. The 16th Anniversary [7:26]
2. Morning Rituals [5:12]
3. Santa Claus [5:50]
4. It's Christmas [7:33]
5. Pay Day [6:28]
6. Everybody Makes Mistakes [5:08]
7. Issue of the Day [8:17]
8. Was There a Revolution? [9:12]
9. Tall Tales [5:46]
10. Nobody Was There [7:04]
11. Splitting Hairs [9:27]
12. Is There Another Caller? [5:10]
13. End Credits [2:32]
Play Movie
Set Up
English: On/Off
Spanish: On/Off
Romanian 2.0 Dolby Digital
Romanian 5.1 Dolby Digital
Romanian 5.1 DTS
Director Commentary
Original Theatrical Trailer
Tartan Video Trailers
The Death of Mr. Lazarescu
Red Road
The Page Turner
The Cave of the Yellow Dog
The Perfect Crime
Play All
Customer Reviews
Average Review:
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
See all customer reviews
Do you like real stories on the screen, or just a fiction? This is the real one! Must see!


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We Need to Talk About Kevin
|                    Broken Videos will be fixed ASAP.
Release: 2011
Genre: Drama, Thriller
Director: Lynne Ramsay
Actors: Tilda Swinton, John C. Reilly, Ezra Miller
Synopsis: Kevin's mother struggles to love her strange child, despite the increasingly vicious things he says and does as he grows up. But Kevin is just getting started, and his final act will be beyond anything anyone imagined.


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Is this you? Claim your profile today!
Simon Byron
Simon Byron is a professional in the game industry.
Gameography ( 2 )
Broken Sword: The Serpent's Curse (2013) ()
Special Thanks (Revolution Software)
Broken Sword: The Sleeping Dragon (2003) ()
PR (Revolution Software)
Voice Acting Roles ( 1 )
Deadly Premonition (2010) ()
|Voiced character
|Referenced in end credits as
|Simon Byron - Shadow
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La Revolución Mexicana Vista Por José Guadalupe Posada
POSADA, Jose Guadalupe
Available from more sellers
One embossed stamp and a call number on spine. Limited Edition. Loose Plates in Covers and Slip Case. Plates are all present and in excellent condition. Box portfolio cover is a little shelf worn. Inscribed by the editor, Jaled Muyaes. #848 in an edition of 1500 copies. Bookseller Inventory # 000884
Bibliographic Details
Title: La Revolución Mexicana Vista Por José ...
Publisher: Talleres Policromía
Publication Date: 1957
Binding: portfolio in case
Book Condition: Very Good
Payment Methods
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Friends of Otis Library
Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.
AbeBooks Seller Since June 10, 2003
Seller Rating
We are an art college library raising funds for new purchases. All previous LIBRARY books offered for sale have been legally deaccessioned and will have library markings, stamps and labels. But we have many duplicate donations that we also sell. Books without library markings will be noted.
Checks in US currency are acceptable and will ship after the check clears. You may pay via credit card through the ABE site. Shipping will be at cost. Returns within 10 days if books are not as described.
It ...[More Information]
Shipping Terms:
Orders usually ship within 2 business days. Shipping costs are based on books weighing 2.5 LB, or 1 KG. If your book order is heavy or over-sized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required.
We ship outside of the US only via DHL, so there will be additional charges. Please be prepared.
Store Description: Otis College of Art & Design, formerly Otis Art Institute and Otis/Parsons, has been in existence in Los Angeles since 1917. The mission of the library has changed over the past 30 years and we no longer need many of the items in our Special Collections. We intend to offer a few hundred legally deaccessioned items to raise funds to purchase more appropriate books for our patrons.


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Gretchen Parlato: A Voice to Call Her Own
By Mel Minter
When vocalist Gretchen Parlato performs a song, she doesn't so much inhabit it as become inhabited by it, living and breathing a musical and emotional life that is inseparable from the artist. Her singing is personal, and therefore it's immediate and resonant—and because of that, apparently artless.
Myles Boisen mylesboisen.com
Show Up!
Geek Glam
Zoe Boekbinder makes music for people who like to wear sequins to the library
By Summer Olsson
When I first heard Zoe Boekbinder's beautiful Artichoke Perfume, I thought it sounded like the musical child of Jolie Holland and Joanna Newsom had joined the circus and made an album. Not only do other people compare her to Holland, Boekbinder (pronounced "Bookbinder") lists the musician as an influence, too. But the Oakland-based Canadian is hesitant to label her sound.
A Little More Experimental, a Little More Eclectic
Jazz, Deconstructed series explores jazz' roots and branches
By Mel Minter
Jazz, Deconstructed, a new four-concert series, features local artists with visionary projects that stretch from New Orleans' Congo Square to an electrocoustic jazz/hip-hop detente.
Flyer on the Wall
Sexy Springtime
She beckons with her ... eyes. Also, her tetas. One of the best things about Atomic Cantina (315 Gold SW) is that there's continuously been local art on the punk rock bar's walls since it opened in May 2003. (Do we smell a birthday coming on?) Atomic's not afraid to hang pop art, risqué or abstract, along with other beautiful and weird works by 505 faves. This month, drop by to see paintings by Christina Aristmuño, David Gatt, Megan Cronin, John Henry Hansen, Amanda Banker, Heather Cronin, Sunita Aristmuño, George Evans, Rodney Ibarra, Jay Smithline and Melinda Casey; photography by Crystal Sims, John Salazar and Nathan Paolinelli; ink work by Jeff Hayes; and mixed media by Kevin Hopper and Sharon Chang. (Marisa Demarco)
Sonic ReducerThe Grateful Dead Crimson, White & Indigo · The Freak Out List, DVD
By Adam Perry
Despite the stereotypically cheesy cover art that will probably shoo away non-Deadheads (as usual), Crimson, White & Indigo (or "7/7/89") includes a whole lot more than the mindless hippie drool suggested by the horrible ponytails worn by Mickey Hart, Bob Weir and Jerry Garcia at the time. Just one year before his fatal drug overdose, keyboardist Brent Mydland delivered an improvised monologue that was both uplifting and jarring during "Blow Away" and was really the MVP of this charged evening in Philly. The band also covered Willie Dixon, James "Sugar Boy" Crawford and Bob Dylan, and mesmerized the huge audience with its often-peaking space-folk, highlighted by poet Robert Hunter's powerful lyrics in "Box of Rain" and "Wharf Rat." Proof that the Dead were an impressively diverse and effectual band well after the '60s.
Courtesy of the Artist
EVENT HORIZON (Thursday, Feb 23)
Buoyant and Rambling
Franks & Deans • punk rock, rock 'n' roll • Shrewd • Punctured Muffler • Silent Crush • metal
By August March
At some point during the progression of meta-ultra-postmodernism, it was only natural that a band covering Rat Pack tunes revisioned as rambling ska paeans or blisteringly buoyant punk anthems based on the imbibing and love-making habits of dudes like Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin would rise from the rocanrol cauldron. Well it's 2017 and such has indeed come to pass. The name of the band is Franks & Deans. They've succeeded by inflecting the sweepingly romantic, sometimes melancholy and nearly always self-referential ditties of these post-war, pre-rock vocal heroes with good-natured rhythms and danceable guitar leads—as well as an updated fashion sense that seems to borrow more from ZZ Top's summer style guide than from Robin and the 7 Hoods—that adds affable nuance to legendary, mid-century American popular music. Band members Rob DeTie, Mike "Pip" Ullemeyer, Hoss and Sampson await your indulgence at Low Spirits on Thursday, Feb. 23, and the admission price of $5 sure as heck beats dropping "Three Coins in the Fountain."
NEWSLETTERS Great Alibi stories, events and deals delivered to your inbox each week. No fooling!
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Jorge Ramirez • John Tuck • piano at Uptown Funk Dueling Piano Bar
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Kombat Kitty @ Stoneface • 3.4.2017
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Private In-Home and Online French Tutoring in Huntley, IL
Receive personally tailored French lessons from exceptional tutors in a one-on-one setting. We help you connect with in-home and online tutoring that offers flexible scheduling and your choice of locations.
Recent Tutoring Session Reviews
"The student and I had a great session today. She was very motivated and positive. I gave her some more vocabulary words and went over all of the ones that she has. She now knows over 160 new vocab words! She completed several timed practice sessions. She got 24/28 synonyms correct in five minutes (out of ten). She also got 17/20 sentence completions correct in nine minutes (out of ten). She also completed a practive quantitative reasoning section and got 34/27 problems correct in just 17 minutes (out of 35). I was very proud of her, both for her accuracy and the speed at which she was able to continue working. I think that the more practice and success she experiences, the more confident she becomes. "
"Today we worked a little on essay writing. I'm trying to work with the student on making complete points and using complete sentences to get a point across. We did some work on reading comprehension next, which she did well on. She needs to be careful about getting thrown off by language used in questions and answer choices. She must finish the practice test for next session!"
"The student was preparing test for following day, so we reviewed chapters six and seven of his textbook, did sample problems, discussed the reasons for periodic table trends, wrote down a preliminary list of vocabulary words, and completed the review he was given in class. In establishing his studying strategy for the remaining test prep, we decided to extend the vocabulary list already existing, and to review basic concepts once more."
"The student and I reviewed his homework: English practice test 65/75 = 27; Math practice #1-22 only, 1 error. He needs to work on his pacing (too fast on English, too slow on Science). We practiced one reading passage 9/10, 9:00 (:15 over time, but during practice seems okay for pacing). We also reviewed the expectations for the essay. He seems to have an understanding of how to effectively organize the response, but didn't know he should include a counterargument. I assigned him an essay for homework and the science practice test from a website. Our next session is scheduled for Friday of this week."
"Today we set goals of what we want to accomplish and we did a review of basic math so I could get a feel for the skills that the student has. She has excellent math skills so preparing for the SAT will be more focused on tips for answering the questions quickly. The student also wants to focus her studies on geometry, so we'll start with that next week."
"I worked with the student using the strategy of reading the questions first, marking the important parts of the questions, and then rereading so she can underline text that relates to the question. After reading, then she can reread the question and the possible answers. I showed her how to underline portions about the answers to help choose the correct one."
"We reviewed integration by substitution, the fundamental theorem of calculus, how to convert between limit form and integral form using the definition of a definite integral, and the front page of the packet. We discussed more of the theory behind integrals and the student is getting much better at integration."
"Using trigonometric ratios and inverse trig ratios to solve for side measurements and angle measures. The student was able to solve triangles with few hiccups along the way and is usually able to catch his mistakes before he commits to a final answer."
"The student and I finished collecting sources and quotes for her research paper note cards. Once we finished that, we worked on her outline for her possible exam questions, using class notes and the book to increase the amount of material that she would include on test day and discussing larger themes that connected the various topics to make the essay-writing process easier."
"The student did not have any homework today, so I gave her a few review problems, then tested her on everything we had worked on up to this point. We worked on fractions, decimals, working with integers, order of operation problems, simplifying problems with variables, defining terms, and ordering integers and real numbers from least to greatest. "
"The student and I reviewed chemistry for his upcoming final exam. We went through his review packet and discussed each of the questions. He now seems to understand many of the topics that gave him trouble on previous tests."
"We discussed the structure of the SAT and general test strategies. We then focused mostly on the reading section and went over how to approach sentence completions and long reading passages. We did a reading passage together and the student got all the questions correct. Finally, we went over a few types of math questions and how to do them efficiently and accurately."
Nearby Cities:Evanston French Tutoring, Skokie French Tutoring, Oak Park French Tutoring, Downers Grove French Tutoring, Highland Park French Tutoring, Des Plaines French Tutoring, Glencoe French Tutoring, Naperville French Tutoring, Oak Lawn French Tutoring, Elmhurst French Tutoring, Lombard French Tutoring, Schaumburg French Tutoring, Lake Forest French Tutoring, Buffalo Grove French Tutoring, Wheaton French Tutoring
Nearby Tutors:Evanston French Tutors, Skokie French Tutors, Oak Park French Tutors, Downers Grove French Tutors, Highland Park French Tutors, Des Plaines French Tutors, Glencoe French Tutors, Naperville French Tutors, Oak Lawn French Tutors, Elmhurst French Tutors, Lombard French Tutors, Schaumburg French Tutors, Lake Forest French Tutors, Buffalo Grove French Tutors, Wheaton French Tutors


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Announcement Food photography, greyhound photography, nature photography and travel photography by Amy Roth.
Food photography, greyhound photography, nature photography and travel photography by Amy Roth.
Fitby40 on Feb 11, 2017
Terrific! Beautiful image. Thanks so much!!
Molly Allen on Jan 31, 2017
Beautiful photo. Well packaged and arrived timely.
jostapczuk53 on Nov 6, 2016
Beautiful photo. It warms me up when I look at it. Good packaging and fast delivery.
Food and travel make my heart sing.
I'm a food and restaurant photographer living in northern New Jersey with my husband and our adorable greyhound Rufus.
Writing my food blog, Minimally Invasive (chimeraobscura.com/mi), for the past 10 years led me to discover a love of food photography and eventual career in the field. It was a circuitous path to get here, but I can say without reservation that I LOVE my job. There's nothing like it. My greatest hope is that the photos in my shop make a connection with you, whether it's nonstop drooling in the case of the food photos, a big "awwww" for the pet photos, or just causing a case of wanderlust with my travel series.
I also sell digital stock photography at my other Etsy shop, Stockistry. Stop by to check out a branding solution for your small business!
I try to put my money where my mouth is, so I make regular donations to charities whose missions fit my views. Each month, I choose a different charity and donate 10% of the proceeds from both of my Etsy shops to it. For January, I've chosen the Southern Poverty Law Center, a group committed to tracking hate groups within the U.S. and standing up for children's rights, economic justice, immigrant justice, LGBTQ rights and criminal justice reform. Learn more about them at https://www.splcenter.org/.
Shop members
Amy Roth
Owner, Maker, Designer, Photography
Professional Photo Lab
Kansas, United States
Professional-quality prints with fast turnaround times makes this photo lab my go-to for all prints in my shop. The paper used ensures accurate color, lifelike skin tones, archival quality, all with a traditional photo finish.
Professional Printer
Rhode Island, United States
Professional-quality notecards with fast turnaround times and excellent color rendering ensures this is my go-to printer for paper goods.
Shop policies
If you're looking for help with branding your small business or product mockups, please visit my other Etsy shop, Stockistry: https://www.etsy.com/shop/Stockistry
Sign up for updates and special offers here: http://tinyurl.com/amyrothphotonews
I'm a social creature and love to share behind-the-scenes inspiration with everyone! Follow me at any or all of these spots:
INSTAGRAM | https://instagram.com/amyrothphoto/
PINTEREST | http://pinterest.com/MimiInvasive/
FACEBOOK | https://www.facebook.com/MinimallyInvasive
FOOD BLOG | http://chimeraobscura.com/mi/
TWITTER | https://twitter.com/MimiInvasive
Direct Email
If you have any questions or even just want to say "hi," I'd love to hear from you! Email me: amy [at] amyrothphoto.com
Accepted payment methods
- Accepts Etsy gift cards
New To Etsy? Here is a link that gives easy instructions on payment: http://www.etsy.com/blog/en/2007/how-to-pay-with-a-credit-card-and-create-a-paypal-account/
Orders are processed within 3-5 business days.
I drop ship all prints directly from the lab to save you processing time and shipping fees. This means you won't receive a printed invoice in your shipment. Your Etsy transaction should suffice, but if you'd like an invoice, please contact me for a printable pdf. Photos 8x10 and smaller ship via USPS 1st Class Mail. Larger prints ship via USPS Priority Mail. Tracking information will be emailed to you when your purchase ships — generally within three business days of placing your order, though gallery wraps may take up to one week. 7% sales tax will be added to all orders by New Jersey residents.
USPS will not guarantee delivery times and shipping time will vary depending on your location. Please allow additional time during the holidays.
I drop ship all prints directly from the lab to save you processing time and shipping fees. This means you won't receive a printed invoice in your shipment. Your Etsy transaction should suffice, but if you'd like an invoice, please contact me for a printable pdf. Photos are shipped via FedEx Priority International 1-2 Business Days.
I ship internationally via USPS International Airmail. Purchases ship within five business days of your order, though gallery wraps may take longer. Packages may take from one to four weeks for delivery. Tracking information and insurance are not available for first class shipping; if you'd like tracking and insurance, I can upgrade to International Express mail. If you'd like this option, email me and I can give you a quote for your package. Duty and taxes are applied to your order when it arrives and are not part of the shipping charge.
If you need your order quickly, please contact me so that I can upgrade your shipping and invoice you for the difference. I use Fed Ex for overnight delivery within the US only.
I place print orders with the photo lab at 8pm ET each day; if you need to cancel your order, please do so before that time.
Please make sure that your address on Etsy and PayPal is updated. I ship to the address on your Etsy transaction. I am not responsible for lost or undeliverable packages. Tracking numbers will be emailed to you when your purchase ships.
Refunds and Exchanges
By purchasing a listing you have read and agreed to our shop policies.
I will reprint or refund for a lost item or one damaged in the mail. Returns are not accepted.
You may cancel your order by 6pm ET on the day you place it and receive a full refund. Once the order has gone to the printer, there will be no refund.
Please note that different monitors may show color differently if not calibrated. My monitor is regularly calibrated to ensure color consistency in my work. If your monitor is not calibrated, you may see variation in color.
Additional policies and FAQs
Amy Roth owns all copyrights and digital files. My work may not be copied, redistributed or altered.


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The 3pm Pick-Up is all about now - everything going on now in your world, our world and the world of music and celebs!
June 16th, 2014
Episode 566 of 1108 episodes
TV psychic medium John Edward does a reading for a lucky listener, Masterchef's Matt Preston + MORE!
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Vance Worley \WOAR-lee\
Vance Richard Worley (Vanimal) (twitter: @VANIMAL_46)
Position: Pitcher
Born: September 25, 1987 in Sacramento, CA
High School: McClatchy HS (Sacramento, CA)
School: California State University Long Beach (Long Beach, CA)
Drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the 3rd round of the 2008 amateur draft.
Signed June 11, 2008. (All Transactions)
Debut: July 24, 2010 (Age 22.302, 17,392nd in MLB history) vs. COL 1.0 IP, 0 H, 2 SO, 0 BB, 0 ER
Rookie Status: Exceeded rookie limits during 2011 season [*]
Teams (by GP): Phillies/Pirates/Orioles/Twins 2010-2016
2017 Contract Status: not updated (details) [*]Agents: Wasserman Media Group [*]
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