text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 17, 2007
|Filing date
|Dec 7, 2001
|Priority date
|Dec 7, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Daniel C. Tappan, Eric C. Rosen, Ole Troan, Parag Jain, Eric Levy-Abegnoli, Luc Revardel, Francois Le Faucheur
|Original Assignee
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (30), Classifications (26), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention is related to the subject matter of co-filed and co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/013,817, entitled "Two Label Stack for Transport of Network Layer Protocols over Label Switched Networks", the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
The present invention relates to data communication networks and more particularly to systems and methods for facilitating interoperation between currently deployed Internet infrastructure and newer Internet infrastructure employing next generation protocols.
To accommodate the explosive growth of the Internet, a very large number of network nodes have been configured to employ IP (Internet Protocol). These nodes range from user workstations to very high throughput core routers. There have been successive versions of IP but as of the filing date of the present application, the predominant variant of IP deployed in the field is IPv4.
In recent years, many service providers have deployed IPv4 core networks that employ a forwarding mechanism referred to as MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching). Such networks are referred to herein as MPLS IPv4 networks. MPLS employs labels, rather than the contents of the IP packet to make forwarding decisions at each intermediate node. At each hop, an output interface and a substitute label are selected based solely on the received packet label. This provides advantageous flexibility in the deployment of new beneficial routing schemes. For example, the use of MPLS facilitates traffic engineering to shift traffic from congested paths to paths with excess capacity, fast re-routing around failed links or nodes, and large-scale virtual private network (VPN) deployment.
The Internet engineering community is planning and implementing a shift from IPv4 to IPv6. Advantages of IPv6 include an enormous expansion in the available address space to accommodate both greater ubiquity of Internet-enabled devices as well as less reliance on cumbersome network address translation schemes which have been utilize to conserve addresses. IPv6 also provides highly useful auto-configuration capabilities.
Service providers wish to offer IPv6 connectivity through their core networks while minimizing expense and configuration difficulties. Immediately replacing the core network infrastructure with MPLS IPv6 equipment is economically unviable for many service providers. Reconfiguring MPLS IPv4 routers to support both IPv4 and IPv6 raises challenges in the areas of hardware incompatibility with IPv6 forwarding requirements, network management, stability, and commercial availability of appropriate software.
Despite the fact that MPLS IPv4 networks makes forwarding decisions based on labels rather than IPv4 destination addresses, interoperation with IPv6 equipment is nonetheless problematic. An edge router configured to provide ingress access to the MPLS IPv4 network will expect each incoming packet to have an IPv4 address on which to base a selection of initial label. Furthermore, inter-domain routing information received at the ingress edge node will use the IPv6 addressing scheme to specify an address prefix of a destination network and the address of an edge node of the core network that can be used as a gateway to reach this destination network. Additionally, the mechanism by which labels are distributed among nodes of an MPLS IPv4 network relies on the IPv4 address scheme.
Thus, a need arises to forward IPv6 traffic over the MPLS IPv4 core so that service providers can offer IPv6 services without any upgrading or reconfiguration of their core network. One proposed solution is to employ some type of tunneling mechanism (e.g., IPv6-over-IPv4) where each IPv6 packet is encapsulated into an IPv4 packet that in turn is encapsulated into MPLS. Using this type of encapsulation over MPLS, however, brings several drawbacks. There is extra overhead resulting from the added header information. Furthermore, establishing numerous static tunnels requires additional configuration and storage of state information while use of dynamic tunnels requires support of specific software mechanisms, activation/configuration of these software mechanisms and furthermore involves constraints on IPv6 addresses to be allocated.
What is needed are systems and methods for forwarding IPv6 packets across an MPLS IPv4 network without employing IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels.
By virtue of one embodiment of the present invention, IPv6 traffic may be carried through an MPLS IPv4 network without the use of IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling. This provides great savings in overhead, signaling, and state information storage and also allows for routing through the MPLS IPv4 network to adjust in response to changes in network state. In one embodiment, an edge node of an MPLS IPv4 network resolves a destination network of a received IPv6 packet to an MPLS label switched path. The resolution exploits received inter-domain routing information. This information identifies the IPv4 address of an egress node that is usable as a gateway to the destination IPv6 network. Within the inter-domain routing information, the IPv4 address may be encoded in IPv6 format.
One aspect of the present invention provides a method for operating a network node to forward a packet employing a first addressing scheme through a label-switched network employing a second addressing scheme. The method includes: receiving the first addressing scheme packet, extracting destination address information from the first addressing scheme packet, selecting a label and a next hop into the label-switched network based on the destination address information, and forwarding the first addressing scheme packet along with a label to the next hop without encapsulation within a packet incorporating address information specified by said second addressing scheme.
Further understanding of the nature and advantages of the inventions herein may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the attached drawings.
The present invention will be described with reference to a representative application where IPv6 traffic is to be forwarded across an MPLS IPv4 network. It will be appreciated, however, that similar functionality may be employed in other situations where different network protocols are desired to interoperate while avoiding the use of statically configured tunnels or tunnels that constrain the permissible addresses of their endpoints. Also, other label switching schemes may be used instead of MPLS.
Network device 100 interfaces with physical media via a plurality (two are depicted) of network interfaces 106. For example, one of network interfaces 106 may couple to an optical fiber and may incorporate an appropriate physical and link layer functionality. Other examples of network interfaces include Ethernet interfaces, DSL interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces etc. Packets that are received, processed, and forwarded by network device 100 may be temporarily stored in a packet memory 108. Depending on its role, network device 100 implements various network protocols, extensions thereof, and data networking features provided by the present invention as will be explained below.
The description that follows refers to various protocols in use on the Internet as specified by the following documents, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for all purposes:
Postel, "Internet Protocol," Request for Comments 791, Internet Engineering Task Force, September 1981.
Rekhter, et al., "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)," Request for Comments 1771, Internet Engineering Task Force, March 1995.
Bates, et al., "Multi-Protocol Extensions for BGP-4," Request for Comments 2858, Internet Engineering Task Force, June 2000.
Marques, et al., "Use of BGP-4 Multi-Protocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing," Request for Comments 2545, Internet Engineering Task Force, March 1999.
Deering, et al., "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6)," Request for Comments 2460, Internet Engineering Task Force, December 1998.
Rosen, et al., "Multi-Protocol Label Switching Architecture," Request for Comments 3031, Internet Engineering Task Force, January 2001.
Each of IPv4 nodes 206 make forwarding decisions based on labels of received packets. The labels are used as keys to an MPLS label forwarding table that provides a substitute label and a selection of output interface. The contents of the label forwarding table at each node are established by a distributed process of translating IP routing control information into labels and then propagating these labels to the nodes where they are needed. The routing information provided by the IP routing control protocols specifies associations between destination addresses and destination networks (generically referred to as forwarding equivalence classes or FECs) and next-hop nodes. The routing control protocols specify the FECs and next hop nodes using the addressing scheme of IPv4. The distribution of labels within network 204 is also based on IPv4 with the destinations of any particular block of label information being specified using an IPv4 address.
Provider edge nodes 208 and 210 represent a third class of node. The provider edge nodes 208 and 210 have IPv6 addresses and can fully interoperate with IPv6 nodes 202 in accordance with the IPv6 protocol. They also have IPv4 addresses used for communicating with IPv4 nodes 206. To facilitate operations in accordance with the invention, the IPv4 addresses of provider edge nodes 208 and 210 may be encoded in IPv6 format when advertised by an operative interdomain routing protocol such as MP-BGP. This encoding may take the form of a reversible transformation such as e.g., zero-filling the 32 bit address to 128 bits, or any other such reversible transformation.
Provider edge nodes 208 and 210 also incorporate IPv4 network layer functionality. According to the present invention, provider edge nodes 208 and 210 are specially configured to forward IPv6 packets across MPLS IPv4 network 204 without resorting to IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling.
For convenience of description the provider edge nodes are divided into ingress nodes 208 and egress nodes 210. An ingress node acts as an entry point to MPLS IPv4 network 204 while an egress node acts as an exit point. Although in
At step 306, the ingress node references a special IPv6 forwarding table to retrieve information useful in forwarding the IPv6 packet.
The label stack also includes what will be referred to as herein as a "second level label". The second level label is not used for making forwarding decisions within MPLS IPv4 network 204 but is rather included to facilitate handling of the IPv6 packet at the penultimate node and egress node of the LSP. Further details of the generation and handling of the second layer label are disclosed in the co-filed, co-assigned application entitled "Two Label Stack for Tunneling Network Layer Protocols over MPLS." The right column of table 402 specifies an output interface for use in forwarding packets to the identified destination network. Table 402 is but one example of a data structure useful for storing and retrieving this type of forwarding information.
The ingress node 208 applies the well-known longest match technique to the destination address of the IPv6 packet to select and retrieve a particular entry in table 402. Then at step 308, ingress node 208 forwards the IPv6 packet into MPLS IPv4 network 204 by encapsulating the packet with the label stack retrieved from table 402 and transferring the packet to the output interface identified by the retrieved entry.
At step 502, the ingress node 208 receives an inter-domain routing advertisement. In accordance with MP-BGP, the received inter-domain routing advertisement is marked as relating to the "IPv6+label" address family or other suitable address family that has been negotiated between the BGP peers.
The inter-domain routing advertisement will specify a destination network by prefix and an IPv4 address of an egress node 210 that can be used to reach that destination network with the IPv4 address being preferably encoded in an IPv6 address format as discussed above so that it appears to be an IPv6 address. The inter-domain routing advertisement will also include a second level label that has been assigned by that egress node.
At step 504, the ingress node 208 checks the IPv6 address identifying egress node 210 given in the advertisement to see if it is in a local IPv6 routing table. If the IPv6 address is in the IPv6 routing table, the inter-domain routing information does not relate to tunneling through an MPLS IPv4 network but, e.g., may instead relate to tunneling through an MPLS IPv6 network. Processing then proceeds to step 506 which further handles the routing advertisement in the appropriate manner. Details of step 506 are not pertinent to the present invention.
If the IPv6 address found in the advertisement is not found in the IPv6 routing table then processing proceeds to step 508. Step 508 tests if the IPv6 address in fact represents an encoded IPv4 address as would be expected for operation compatible with this embodiment of the present invention. If the IPv6 address does in fact encode an IPv4 address, then, at step 512, the IPv6 address is translated into an IPv4 address. This is done in a way appropriate to whatever transformation has been defined between the two address spaces. For example, an appropriate number of leading zeroes may be removed from the IPv6 address to generate the IPv4 address. If the IPv6 address does not in fact encode an IPv4 address, processing proceeds to step 510 where the routing information contained in the advertisement is marked for later resolution.
Following step 512, at step 514, the IPv4 address is used as a reference to an IPv4 forwarding table to find an LSP through MPLS IPv4 network 204.
During step 514, the ingress node 208 uses the exact match technique to select an entry in IPv4 forwarding table 602. If step 514 does not find an entry for the IPv4 address then, processing proceeds to step 510 where the new inter-domain routing information is marked for later resolution. If an entry is found then a new entry to IPv6 forwarding table 402 may be added at step 516. The new entry includes: 1) the IPv6 forwarding equivalence class identified by destination prefix, 2) a label stack that incorporates the MPLS label stack retrieved from IPv4 forwarding table 602 as augmented with the second level label found in the advertisement, and 3) the output interface identifier retrieved from the entry in IPv4 forwarding table 602.
In parallel with the just-described process that occurs in response to receipt of an inter-domain routing advertisement, a step 518 implements a background process for repeating the resolution of previously received destination network prefixes. This occurs both for destination prefixes previously resolved by execution of step 516 and for those marked for later resolution at step 510. Thus upon periodic expiration of a timer at step 514, step 504 is visited to reinitiate resolution for each previously received prefix. This allows for rapid adaptation for, e.g., availability of new LSPs.
Referring again to the contents and structure of IPv6 forwarding table 402, it should be noted that where inter-domain routing advertisements identify multiple paths to the same destination network, BGP will operate to select the best path. Also, wherever the term "table" is referred to herein, it will be appreciated that this also encompasses other data structures that can be similarly queried.
Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a mechanism for forwarding IPv6 packets across an MPLS IPv4 network without the need for IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling. This saves significantly in overhead, signaling, and storage of state information and also avoids the problems associated with the static configuration of IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels. This capability facilitates an economical evolution path towards IPv6 capabilities where IPv6 services may be provided to end users prior to the replacement and/or modification of core network infrastructure.
It is understood that the examples and embodiments that are described herein are for illustrative purposes only and various modifications are changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims and their full scope of equivalents.
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|E. Rosen, "Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture", IETF RFC 3031, Jan. 2001.
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|M. A. Miller, P.E., "Implementing IPv6", Second Edition, pp. 285-310.
|P. Marques, "Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing" IETF RFC 2545, Mar. 1999.
|S. Deering, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", IETF RFC 2460, Dec. 1998.
|T. Bates, "Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4", IETF RFC 2858, Jun. 2000.
|Y. Rekhter, "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", IETF RFC 1771, Mar. 1995.
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|May 2, 2003
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|Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc.
|System and method for multi-protocol label switching network tuning
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|Jun 7, 2011
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|Jul 26, 2013
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|Broadband access for virtual private networks
|Oct 5, 2010
|Mar 10, 2015
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|IPv6-over-IPv4 architecture
|Jan 23, 2015
|Oct 11, 2016
|Marlow Technologies, Llc
|Broadband access for virtual private networks
|Jun 19, 2002
|Mar 20, 2003
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method of transferring packets and router device therefor
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|Device for determining switching paths in a label switched communication network in the presence of selection attributes
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|Nov 4, 2004
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|System and method for multi-protocol label switching network tuning
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|Koninklijke Philips Electronic, N.V.
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|Jan 29, 2009
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
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|Dec 19, 2008
|Jun 24, 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
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|Oct 5, 2010
|Jan 27, 2011
|Junaid Islam
|IPv6-over-IPv4 Architecture
|Dec 16, 2009
|Jun 16, 2011
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Selective label retention in a label switching network
|Jan 5, 2007
|May 26, 2010
|Forwarding method and device of IPv6 message in the switch
|Sep 3, 2010
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|Dynamic regulation method of ports multiplexing public IPv4 address in address translation device
|Sep 3, 2010
|Apr 3, 2013
|Dynamic regulation method of ports multiplexing public IPv4 address in address translation device
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|Mar 13, 2013
|Array and routing method of data packet on array element
|Sep 8, 2011
|Mar 7, 2012
|Message forwarding method and apparatus thereof
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|Jul 17, 2013
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|U.S. Classification
|709/245, 370/392, 709/238
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 14, 2003
Owner name: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TAPPAN, DANIEL C.;ROSEN, ERIC C.;TROAN, OLE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013761/0577;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020206 TO 20020325
|Jan 18, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 19, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
DRAFT 7/25/11 AGREEMENT ON JOINT DISCIPLINE This Agreement on Joint Discipline ("Agreement"), dated as of ____________, is entered into by and among the undersigned organizations (individually a "Party" and collectively the "Parties"). WHEREAS, the Parties are independent professional actuarial organizations, and wish to enhance the efficiency and consistency of disciplinary proceedings relating to their respective members; and WHEREAS, the Parties agree that it is in the best interests of their members to establish a joint disciplinary process aimed at reducing the potential number of proceedings to which a member could be subject, and reducing inconsistency in disciplinary determinations among the respective organizations; NOW THEREFORE, the Parties, in consideration of the promises and covenants contained herein, do hereby agree as follows: 1. Joint Discipline Council. The Presidents and Presidents-Elect of the Parties shall make up the Joint Discipline Council ("Council"), and shall have the rights and duties set forth in this Agreement. The Council shall elect a chairperson pursuant to procedures established by the Council. Unless otherwise provided herein, decisions of the Council require a majority vote, with at least one representative from each Party voting with the majority. 2. Disciplinary and Appeal Panel Member Pool. The Council shall establish and oversee a pool of potential Disciplinary and Appeal Panel members ("Pool") from the Party organizations. Individuals shall be appointed to the Pool in accordance with procedures established by the Council, and the respective bylaws, rules and policies of the Parties. 3. Consideration of Disciplinary Action. A. A disciplinary proceeding shall commence upon the issuance of a recommendation to discipline a member of one or more of the Party organizations (the "Subject Actuary") from the Actuarial Board for Counseling and Discipline, or other appropriate body with authority under a cross-border agreement to investigate and make findings with respect to the conduct of such member ("Referring Body"). Pursuant to this Agreement, such recommendations shall be referred by the relevant Party organizations to the Council. Upon receipt of such a disciplinary recommendation, the Council shall appoint a Disciplinary Panel, including a chairperson, to consider and act upon the recommendation. The Disciplinary Panel shall consist of at least 5 persons, and shall be selected from the Pool pursuant to procedures established by the Council. B. The composition of the Disciplinary Panel selected to consider and act upon a disciplinary recommendation shall meet the following requirements:
DRAFT 7/25/11 1. At least one Disciplinary Panel member shall be appointed by the Council representatives for each of the Party organizations of which the Subject Actuary is a member. 2. The Disciplinary Panel shall have majority members in each of the Party organizations of which the Subject Actuary is a member, unless the Council, in its sole discretion, determines that compliance with this requirement is not feasible. In the event the Council determines compliance with this requirement is not feasible, and such noncompliance is inconsistent with the bylaws of a Party organization of which the Subject Actuary is a member, the case shall be referred back to such organization to consider and act upon the disciplinary recommendation pursuant to its own disciplinary procedures, and the case shall proceed pursuant to this Agreement with respect to the other Party organizations of which the Subject Actuary is a member. 3. Each Disciplinary Panel member shall be a member of at least one of the Party organizations of which the Subject Actuary is a member. C. The Subject Actuary shall have the right to object to the participation of any member of the Disciplinary Panel, pursuant to procedures established by the Council. The Council in its sole discretion may replace one or more members of the Panel in response to such an objection. D. The Disciplinary Panel shall hold a hearing to consider the matter unless both the Subject Actuary and the Disciplinary Panel agree that it need not be held. The Subject Actuary shall have the right to appear personally and with counsel (at the Subject Actuary's expense) at such hearing to explain the member's position concerning the recommendation of the Referring Body. The role of the Subject Actuary's counsel shall be limited to advising the Subject Actuary and articulating appropriate legal objections; the role of the Disciplinary Panel's counsel shall be similarly limited. E. If an investigator was appointed by the Referring Body to assist in reviewing the matter at issue, such investigator may be requested by the Disciplinary Panel Chairperson to appear and present a report at the Disciplinary Panel hearing. F. The Disciplinary Panel may dismiss the matter or take disciplinary action. Disciplinary action may include a private reprimand, public reprimand, suspension of membership, or expulsion. The Disciplinary Panel may also refer the matter to the Actuarial Board for Counseling and Discipline or other appropriate Referring Body to counsel the Subject Actuary, whether or not the Disciplinary Panel decides to impose discipline. Counseling shall not constitute discipline. G. Disciplinary action requires an affirmative vote of a supermajority of the entire membership of the Disciplinary Panel. For purposes of this Agreement, a "supermajority" shall be defined as all or all but one of the entire membership of the Disciplinary Panel. A decision to refer the Subject Actuary for counseling requires a simple majority vote of the entire membership of the Disciplinary Panel. H. A decision by the Disciplinary Panel to privately reprimand, publicly reprimand, or suspend a Subject Actuary for a period up to and including 2 years shall be
Deleted: ¶ C
DRAFT 7/25/11 effective 45 days after the date of the action, if the Subject Actuary does not appeal the decision. If the Subject Actuary appeals the decision, the action shall be effective as set forth in Section 4. A dismissal shall be effective when the decision is rendered. I.
A decision by the Disciplinary Panel to suspend a Subject Actuary for more than two years or expel the Subject Actuary shall be referred to the Party organization(s) of which the Subject Actuary is a member for a final disciplinary decision, if the Subject Actuary does not appeal the Disciplinary Panel's action. The Party organization(s) may affirm the decision of the Disciplinary Panel, or reduce the discipline to no less than a suspension of two years, with such action being effective on the date of the Party organization's decision. If the Subject Actuary appeals the action of the Disciplinary Panel, the action shall be effective as set forth in Section 4.
4. Appeals. A Subject Actuary against whom a decision of private reprimand, public reprimand, suspension, or expulsion has been rendered shall be entitled to appeal such a decision solely on the grounds of a material procedural error in the Disciplinary Panel proceedings, a material factual error by the Disciplinary Panel evident from the record of the proceedings, or the existence of new evidence that was not reasonably available during the Disciplinary Panel proceedings. The Council shall reject any appeal that is not based upon one of these grounds. Appeals shall be subject to the following: A. The notice of appeal shall be in writing, and shall state the specific grounds for the appeal. B. The Council shall select an Appeal Panel from the Pool meeting the same selection criteria, and subject to the same right of objection, as set forth in Section 3 for Disciplinary Panels. No member of a Disciplinary Panel may serve on the Appeal Panel considering the same matter. C. All rights and privileges of membership in the Subject Actuary's Party organization(s) shall be retained during the pendency of the appeal. D. The Subject Actuary may appear personally and with counsel (at the Subject Actuary's expense) before a hearing of the Appeal Panel to explain the Subject Actuary's position concerning the Disciplinary Panel's determination and the basis for appeal. The role of the Subject Actuary's counsel shall be limited to advising the Subject Actuary and articulating appropriate legal objections; the role of the Appeal Panel's counsel shall be similarly limited. A hearing need not be held if both the Subject Actuary and the Appeal Panel agree that it not be held. E. The scope of the Appeal Panel's review shall be limited to determining whether there was a material procedural error in the Disciplinary Panel proceedings, a material factual error by the Disciplinary Panel evident from the record of the proceedings, or whether new evidence exists that was not reasonably available during the Disciplinary Panel proceedings. The decision of the Disciplinary Panel may be affirmed, or remanded to the Disciplinary Panel with instructions for further proceedings. In the case of a remand, the matter shall be remanded to the Disciplinary Panel that previously considered the matter, unless the matter is remanded due to a procedural defect in the composition of the original Disciplinary Panel, in which case the matter shall be remanded to a new
Deleted: those
DRAFT 7/25/11 Disciplinary Panel convened by the Council. An action of the Appeal Panel requires a simple majority vote of the entire membership of the Appeal Panel. F. The decision of the Appeal Panel to affirm a Disciplinary Panel decision shall be effective on the date the appeal is decided. However, in the event the Appeal Panel decision affirms a suspension of greater than two years or an expulsion, such decision shall be referred to the Party organization(s) of which the Subject Actuary is a member for a final disciplinary decision. The organization may affirm the decision, or reduce the discipline to no less than a suspension of two years. Such action shall be effective on the date of the organization's decision. 5. Reinstatement. An individual who has been expelled or suspended from any of the Party organizations may be reinstated only through an action of the Board of Directors of such organization, or as otherwise provided by the bylaws or internal procedures of that organization. 6. Confidentiality of Proceedings. Except as otherwise provided herein, or by waiver of the Subject Actuary, all proceedings under this Agreement shall be confidential. Situations in which confidentiality is breached shall be handled in accordance with procedures established by the Council. Notwithstanding the foregoing, information concerning the facts and dispositions of decided cases (redacted to omit the identity of the Subject Actuary in cases in which private or no discipline was imposed) shall be available to Disciplinary Panels or Appeal Panels for the purpose of assisting in such Panels' consideration of other matters pending before them. Such redacted case information may also be made available to members of the Party organizations for educational purposes. 7. Notifications. A. Final decisions of Disciplinary and Appeal Panels shall be transmitted to the organizations of which the Subject Actuary is a member, the Referring Body, the Subject Actuary and, in cases of public discipline, to other organizations, such as government entities or news organizations, designated by the Disciplinary Panel to receive such notice under procedures established by the Council. If the case arises from a written complaint and public discipline has been imposed, notice of the disposition shall also be furnished to the complainant. Disciplinary notices shall include a summary of the facts involved, a summary of the findings as to the Code of Professional Conduct precepts found to have been materially violated, and the discipline imposed. B. The Parties shall notify their members of all instances in which public discipline, including a public reprimand, suspension or expulsion, has been imposed on one of their members. Such notification should occur within a reasonable period of time after the action has taken effect as described above. C. In the event of subsequent reinstatement of an expelled or suspended member, the Parties shall give notice of such action to all their respective members and also to entities previously advised under this Agreement of the expulsion or suspension. 8. Procedures. The Council shall establish procedures not inconsistent with the provisions herein for implementation of this Agreement. Procedures, or amendments thereto, shall be effective upon approval of two-thirds of the members of the Council,
Deleted: If the Subject Actuary discloses any aspect of these confidential proceedings, the Parties may research the source and<sp><sp><sp><sp> manner of the disclosure, and reserve the right to respond to such disclosure by providing factual information about the proceedings.
DRAFT 7/25/11 including at least one member from each Party, following exposure to members of the Party organizations for comment for a period of not less than 30 days. 9. Implementation. The Parties shall agree on an appropriate legal structure, as well as funding, operational and administrative matters, to implement this Agreement. .
Deleted: Funding, Operational, Administrative and Other Matters Deleted: an appropriate allocation of
10. Effective Date. This Agreement shall be effective for cases referred to the Council by a Referring Body on or after July 1, 2012. 11. Amendments. This agreement may be amended only with the written consent of all the Parties. Any Party may propose an amendment to this Agreement pursuant to procedures established by the Council. 12. Withdrawal and Termination. Any Party hereto may withdraw from this Agreement upon 30 days written notice to the other Parties. In the event that a Party submits such written notice, all cases relating to members of that Party for which there has been an initial selection of a Disciplinary Panel by the Council at the time of that notice shall conclude under the terms of this Agreement. In the event any Party withdraws from this Agreement, it shall remain valid as to the other Parties. This Agreement shall terminate upon the agreement of the then existing Parties thereto, or automatically upon the withdrawal of all of the Parties from the Agreement.
Deleted: responsibilities Deleted: related to this Agreement, as well as on Deleted: other matters associated with its implementation

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Calibrate success
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But we don't stop at success, we constantly evaluate your ICT and how it is supporting your school in delivering against your outcomes.
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American Dictators details:
* That Bush and Kerry are closely related on both sides of their families,
* That Bush the Skull and Kerry the Bone have both sworn an oath to a secret society with deep connections to organized crime, intelligence agencies, and the occult.
* That the "Order of Death" known as Skull and Bones has its members at the highest levels of every sector of the US economy -- from banking to government.
Jones travels back to the elite encampment in Northern California, the Bohemian Grove where he infiltrated and got the only video footage of the bizarre rituals conducted by the bushes and others.
American Dictators shows that while Bush and Kerry spout different rhetoric their actions are almost identical. The film also takes a revealing look at Ralph Nader, the dark horse would-be political spoiler of '04.
Alex Jones takes you to the front lines of the fight against the expanding Police State: the new Super-Patriot Act and National ID Card, as well as some of the newest and most shocking revelations surrounding the September 11th cover-up.
American Dictators is a must-see for anyone who wants to know the truth concerning how the global elite has hijacked both parties and is giving the American people a false choice. By exposing this rigged game where the global mob owns all the horses, American Dictators is able to unlock minds so then freedom loving individuals can decipher the mainstream media propaganda for what it is: a Military-Industrial complex operation.


text:
The Dean's Listby Jon Hassler
Leland Edwards, a piano-playing fisherman and English professor, has become dean of Rookery State College in Minnesota. With this title comes the daunting task of saving his beloved campus from diminished enrollment, hockey thuggery, and its ignoble associations with Paul Bunyan. So when the most famous poet in America agrees to come to Rookery, Leland hopes that his reading will put Rookery State on the literary map.
But when he arrives, the poet is more and less than what Leland expected--and their relationship leads Leland on a wild ride that will compel him to harbor a fugitive, stand up to his domineering mother, and finally make peace with his brief attempt at love and the tragedy that ensued. . . .
Editorial Reviews
The story is once again set in the academic hinterland of Rookery State College. It's 25 years later (1994), and the focus is now on the professional and personal crises stoically endured by Leland Edwards, who at 58 still lives with his octogenarian mother "Lolly" (the host of a popular call-in radio show) and still remembers with more than affection his ex-wife Sally and the son they lost in childhood many years earlier. This all sounds depressing, and there's no doubt that the novel exhibits too many characters burdened by what one of them calls his "overload of worries." But Hassler's trademark affectionate humor is manifest throughout, as Leland deals with neurotic students and eccentric relatives, a Machiavellian hockey coach, a dim-witted college president (who thinks the legendary Paul Bunyan is a Rookery graduate), a sexual harassment charge brought against him by a disturbed woman, and, centrally, the campus visit of a real Rookery alumnus, celebrated poet Richard Falconwho is himself besieged by the IRS, a publisher's lawsuit, and assorted other demons. Hassler weaves these complicated materials (and others) together beautifully. After a hundred pages or so, we realize we've become acquainted with an amazing number of characters, most of whose personalities are rendered in distinctive detail, even when they're only walk-ons. Flashbacks to Leland's marriage and bereavement, and to his days as a jazz pianist with the cheerfully embattled Icejam Quintet (whose other members all eventually reappear here), are expertly blended with present action. And Hassler's creation of the poems of Richard Falconwho's a kind of amalgam of Robert Frost and Edwin Arlington Robinsonis remarkably skillful.
Enormously readable, as sentimental as one might wish it to be: another dependable charmer from one of our most likable and entertaining novelists.
Product Details
- 9780345424730
- Publisher:
- Random House Publishing Group
- Publication date:
- 03/28/1998
- Pages:
- 405
- Product dimensions:
- 4.20(w) x 6.84(h) x 0.93(d)
Meet the Author
Jon Hassler was born in Minneapolis in 1933. He received degrees from St. John's University in Minnesota, where he is now Regent's Professor. Jon Hassler is also the author of eight other widely acclaimed novels: Staggerford, Simon's Night, The Love Hunter, A Green Journey, Grand Opening, North of Hope, Dear James, and Rookery Blues.
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Drug Profile
Research programme: antibody drug conjugates- Siamab TherapeuticsAlternative Names: Anti-glycan antibodies; Anti-Neu5Gc antibodies - Sialix; Monoclonal antibody drug conjugate targeting sialyl antigen; Monoclonal antibody drug conjugate targeting TACA1; ST1 antibody drug conjugate programme
Latest Information Update: 19 Sep 2016
Price : $50
At a glance
- Originator Sialix
- Developer Massachusetts General Hospital; Siamab Therapeutics
- Class Antineoplastics; Drug conjugates
- Mechanism of Action Polysaccharide inhibitors; Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigen inhibitors
Orphan Drug Status
Orphan designation is assigned by a regulatory body to encourage companies to develop drugs for rare diseases.
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Compare Licensing attorneys near you. Read reviews, see Avvo Ratings, and contact them directly.
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Rocky Galloway is Senior Counsel in the Government Contracts Practice Group of General Counsel, P.C. Rocky counsels clients on legal issues that arise throughout the government procurement lifecycle, from proposal development to contract negotiat...
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If you are a copyright, trademark, or patent owner and someone wants to use, for example, your artwork, trademarked slogan, or patented invention, you may benefit from the services of a licensing attorney. Licensing attorneys write contracts that protect your intellectual property rights. These agreements specify how someone may use your property and how much you will be paid for such use. For example, can they use it for one year or ten years? Can they use it only in Illinois or can they use it around the world? Can they share your property with others? A licensing lawyer can help you answer all of these questions. They can also specify the recourse available to you if someone violates the licensing agreement. Licensing attorneys know the words to use that will best protect your intellectual property.


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Is Creative Solutions incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
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Hotfrog Ireland provides information regarding Creative Solutions in Dublin. Creative Solutions is located at 10 Terminus Mills Clonskeagh 6, Dublin Dublin DUBLIN 6 and provides advertising and marketing services. Contact them on (01) 283 8118 or by visiting them on their website http://www.creativesolutions.ie.
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Mrs. Savil's Lodgings near the Hot Bath, Bath. Abbey Church House. Gilmore 1694-1717 - detail
© This image is not to be copied or published without permission
Apart from the Abbey, this is the only building that still stands today. The most iconic map of pre-Georgian Bath, Gilmore's map was bordered by remarkable images of Baths Lodging Houses. In the style of a modern day tourist map, this gives a revealing insight into Medieval Bath. All by the Art & Industry of Joseph Gilmore Teacher of Mathematicks in the City of Bristol. Extracted by Dr. Guidot out of his Antiquities of Bath 1717. Sold by Henry Hammond Bookseller in Bath and Thomas Taylor, Map and print seller at the Golden Lion in Fleet Street, London.
Image Reference
Collection Reference
Russell Maps Vol I p15 Gilmore IOB 317
Collection Location
Bath Central Library


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4850 N State Road 7 # G-111/ UNIT 7,Lauderdale Lakes FL, 33319
Status: Active
Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Florida Realty
(888) 995-7779
Last Updated: 2/26/2017 1:55 AM
Description for 4850 N State Road 7 # G-111/ Lauderdale Lakes, FL 33319
Come and show this spacious ground floor glass front office space with approx. 8502 square feet. We can built to suit your needs. Unit has a reception area, multiple offices, a large open areas, lunch area, full kitchen and 4 bathrooms. Front and Back entry/exit points. Plenty of parking available. Great for MEDICAL, DENTAL, PROFESSIONAL OFFICE, LAWYER, ACCOUNTANT, REAL ESTATE, ETC. Easy to show!!!
Listing Information
Electrical Service - 110 Volt
Room Information
Exterior / Lot Features
15 Parking Spaces, Comm Area
Financial Considerations
Inside AccessTM
Current market conditions for 4850 N State Road 7 # G-111/
Active Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median list price$68,500
Days on market108
Properties for sale213
Sold Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median sold price$83,000
Sales to list price9,543.0%
Properties sold77
Median sq ft price$75
Arrows indicate 90 day trend
Listing Price History for 4850 N State Road 7 # G-111/
Lauderdale Lakes Real Estate
Lauderdale Lakes is located in Florida. Lauderdale Lakes, Florida 33319 has a population of 32,912.
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- Affiliations:
1 Faculty of Engineering, SDU
2 The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, SDU
3 SDU Robotics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, SDU
4 The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, SDU
- Abstract:
- In this paper, we will extend the linear complementarity problem-based rigid-body simulation framework with non-holonomic constraints. We consider three different types of such, namely equality, inequality and contact constraints. We show how non-holonomic equality and inequality constraints can be incorporated directly, and derive formalism for how the non-holonomic contact constraints can be modelled as a combination of non-holonomic equality constraints and ordinary contacts constraints. For each of these three we are able to guarantee solvability, when using Lemke's algorithm. A number of examples are included to demonstrate the non-holonomic constraints. Udgivelsesdato: Marts
- Type:
- Journal article
- Language:
- English
- Published in:
- International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2006, Vol 67, Issue 10, p. 1445-1466
- Keywords:
- rigid-body dynamics • linear complementarity problem • non-holonomic constraints
- Main Research Area:
- Science/technology
- Publication Status:
- Published
- Review type:
- Peer Review
- Submission year:
- 2006
- Scientific Level:
- Scientific
- 2185998343


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Somewhere in the world today
Calendar January 2012 (12 Months)
Price: $28.56
Prints in 3-5 business days
Somewhere in the World today people are celebrating something, with fabulous fiestas and festive food. The Somewhere in the world today calendar captures the essence of these celebrations and is backed up by traditional recipes online.
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Product Details
- First Month
- January 2012
- Calendar Length
- 12 Months
- Format
- Premium Calendar
- Language
- English
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This Wild House sourced unique antique pieces of furniture from fairs in and around the Surrey area, giving the interior an eclectic yet stylish feel.
Location: South East
Services: Antiques, Decoration and Interior Design
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Thursday, January 14, 2010
Thanks for stopping by....
3 comments:
Jenn, I can completely relate to what you are saying. As I was reading your post, I could hear the words coming out of my own mouth as though I was saying them. My son is almost 3years old, not sure where the time has gone but it has been the most wonderful 3 years of my life. And the craziest.ReplyDelete
Thanks for your kind words, Katherine. I am so glad that someone out there understands what I am feeling. It is comforting to know we are not alone and that we are going through the same thing. I can't believe Jayden is 3 already? Where did the time go? Feels like just yesterday we were in your apartment in Seoul eating soju spiked watermelon for breakfast. Wow, have things changed! ;)ReplyDelete
I just found your blog and I love it. So honest, such great ideas, just what I need!ReplyDelete
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Ghostly Rock Ladies Pink T-Shirt
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Product Info
This adorable ladies pink t-shirt features a dainty ghost as she floats in the air making the classic 'rock' hand gesture, who said ghosts were scarey! Perfect for Halloween and even all year round if you want to give someone a fright.
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Should hypertrophic scars be treated aggressively when they are newly formed?
I read comments from one dermatologist stating that scars should be treated with co2 laser within the first 8 weeks for dramatic improvements. And after that not much can fix them. While others recommend just waiting or vbeam. Why this difference in opinions? My original scars were created by aggressive co2 and erbium laser resurfacing to the eye area 7 weeks ago.
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Treatment of scars with laser
I would suggest our Hidef Scar Revision Protocol which includes fractional lasers, Plato's Scar Serum, ematrix RF, skin resurfacing, and v beam laser.
Dr. Karamanoukian
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Scars after Co2 Laser
These should be treated right away as this can permanently cause changes in your blinking as well as cosmetically. I suggest you see an expert for treatment for any scars from laser procedures. Best, Dr. Emer.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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When Simon Davey walks out on to the Wembley turf tomorrow, it would be remiss of anyone to begrudge the Barnsley manager his moment in the spotlight.
OK, so supporters of Liverpool and Chelsea, whose teams were dumped out of the FA Cup by the South Yorkshire club, may beg to differ, but even they would be hard pressed not to applaud the achievements of a man who could have ended up on football's scrapheap were it not for an iron will and a little foresight.
Davey's is a tale of rejection and rejuvenation, David Beckham and dole queues, but


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Happy father
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Marlynn Wei, MD, JD
Practice Statement
Holistic approach to psychiatry and therapy to provide stress relief and improve self-esteem, relationship, and career issues. Dr. Wei integrates mindfulness, yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. Her practice also offers combined medication and therapy treatment along with cutting-edge pharmacogenomic genetic testing to help guide medication decisions.
276 Fifth Ave
New York, NY 10001
276 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10001
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276 Fifth Ave
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276 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10001


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Skip to comments.Military plot to keep Mugabe in power
Posted on 01/20/2011 9:54:19 AM PST by vikingd00d
HARARE More than 80 000 youth militia, war veterans and soldiers will be deployed across the country in an army-led drive to ensure victory for President Robert Mugabe in the next elections that, according to investigations by ZimOnline, look set to be the bloodiest ever witnessed in Zimbabwe.
A three-month investigation by ZimOnline that included interviews and discussions with Cabinet ministers, senior military officers and ZANU PF functionaries, revealed a desperate determination by Zimbabwes top generals to thwart Tsvangirai, with some even openly bragging that they would topple the Prime Minister should he somehow triumph against the planned violence to emerge the winner of the polls whose date is yet to be named.
Zimbabwes hardliner generals have long been regarded as wielding a de facto veto over the countrys troubled transformation process and as likely to block transfer of power to the winners of elections that Mugabe insist should take place this year should the victors not be the veteran President and his ZANU PF party.
According to our investigation the Joint Military Operations Command (JOC) that brings together the commanders of the army, air force, police, secret and prison services plan to intervene at an earlier stage in the process, well before foreign or even local observers are on the ground.
The strategy is to unleash enough violence and terror -- worse than seen in the bloody 2008 presidential run-off poll in which at least 200 of Tsvangirais supporters died and tens of thousands of others were made homeless -- to make sure a thoroughly cowed electorate will on voting day back Mugabe in enough numbers to save the veteran President from having to face another second round vote or do a Gbabgo.
The Ivory Coast leader, Laurent Gbabgo, has openly refused to hand over power to his victorious opponent after being defeated in elections.
Zimbabwes generals, who were behind the 2008 violence that forced Tsvangirai to withdraw from a second round vote he had been tipped to win after beating Mugabe in the first round ballot, fear that the Southern African Development Community (SADC) is unlikely to accept another blood-soaked second round election victory for Mugabe or allow him to refuse Gbabgo style -- to hand over power to a victorious Tsvangirai.
The plan
With Tsvangirai and the MDC, civil society and even SADC seemingly distracted by the problems surrounding implementation of the power-sharing deal that led to the formation of the Harare unity government, the JOC has worked quietly to reactivate the structures that waged violence in previous polls almost unnoticed, apart from the occasional report by human rights groups or the media of resurgent violence in some parts of the country.
According to information made available to ZimOnline, the JOC plans to deploy senior commanders from either the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF) or the Central Intelligence Organisation in each of Zimbabwes 59 districts to coordinate the fight to retain Mugabe in power.
The ZDF comprises the Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) and Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ) while the CIO is the governments secret service agency that has a reputation for ruthlessly dealing with Mugabes political opponents.
Air Vice Marshal Henry Muchena, a fierce Mugabe loyalist who has virtually taken over as ZANU PF elections director, will be in charge of the campaign that according to our investigation will be unrolled during the constitutional referendum but will reach peak momentum towards elections that are expected to follow the plebiscite.
Muchena is in charge of the campaigns central command housed at ZANU PFs national headquarters in Harare.
Other top soldiers of the ranks of major general, brigadier general or air vice-marshal and assisted by CIO agents will head provincial command centres that will direct the onslaught against the MDC in the provinces. Some of the senior commanders have already started work in the provinces meeting ZANU PF and traditional leaders to plot the way forward.
The JOC is convinced that Tsvangirai and his MDC-T party remain the biggest threat to Mugabe retaining power and while paying attention to smaller parties such as Welshman Ncubes MDC, Simba Makonis Mavambo/Kusile/Dwan and Dumiso Dabengwas ZAPU will mainly focus on the former union leader and his followers.
According to a source -- who is a senior official in the Ministry of Defence -- Major General Engelbert Rugeje will be in charge of Masvingo province.
Rugeje is a notorious Mugabe fanatic who took part in atrocities committed by the army in the Matabeleland and Midlands provinces in the 1980s.
At least 20 000 innocent civilians died in the army campaign in the Matabeleland and the Midlands provinces that was ostensibly launched to crush anti-Mugabe rebels but randomly targeted civilians from the Ndebele ethnic community dominant in the area and which mainly supported the then main PF-ZAPU opposition party of the late nationalist, Joshua Nkomo.
According to our information, Rugeje has allegedly already started terrorising MDC supporters in Masvingo where he has in recent weeks been blamed of several acts of violence and intimidation against the former opposition partys supporters.
In Mugabes Mashonaland West home province Brigadier General David Sigauke will run the brutal campaign to keep ZANU PF leader in power, while Brigadier General Douglas Nyikayaramba will be in charge in Manicaland province, said our source, who refused to be named for fear of possible reprisals.
Retired Brigadier General Victor Rungani will be in charge of the campaign in Mashonaland East province while Air Vice Marshal Abu Basutu will oversee matters in Matabeleland South province.
Brigadiers General Sibusio Bussie Moyo, Sibangumuzi Khumalo, Etherton Shungu will oversee matters in the provinces of Midlands, Matebeleland North, Mashonaland Central respectively.
Colonel Chris Sibanda and Air Commodore Mike Tichafa Karakadzai will, respectively, run the campaign to neutralise opposition to Mugabe in the smaller metropolitan provinces of Bulawayo and Harare that are seen as the strongest bastions of Tsvangirai support.
Junior commanders and hundreds of lower ranking soldiers, some of who have already been deployed in recent months in villages in some districts, will be at the disposal of the senior commanders. But our source was unable to say exactly how many out of Zimbabwes ±40 000 soldiers will be put to work campaigning for Mugabe. (See below story full list of senior and junior commanders who will run the campaign)
Torture camps
Hundreds of war veterans who have taken part in previous ZANU PF campaigns including farm invasions will also feature prominently this time round and will along with the youth militia run torture camps at strategic locations in the districts and will also conduct pungwes (all night political education meetings) that will be primarily used to intimidate villagers and warn them about the dangers of voting for Tsvangirai or his MDC party.
The torture camps will be used as centres to punish and breakdown prominent supporters, activists and leaders of Tsvangirais MDC in the districts and villages as part of a drive to disable and render dysfunctional the partys grassroots structures.
Soldiers and war veterans will play major roles in the campaign but the youth militia trained under a controversial government national youth service programme will be the principal agents of violence, according to our sources.
The youths that are fanatical supporters of Mugabe and ZANU PF have in previous polls sealed off whole districts to the opposition and are once again expected to turn most of Zimbabwes rural areas into virtually no-go areas for the MDC.
While reports in the press last weekend quoting documents from the Ministry of Youth Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment said the ministry was looking to revive the youth service programme and to train 300 000 militia members annually, a Cabinet minister in the unity government whom we spoke to last December said at present there were about 80 000 youths ready for use in ZANU PF campaigns and programmes.
Govt funded-bases
The minister, who only spoke on condition he was not named, said many of the youths had been absorbed into the civil service while a smaller number remain at the government-funded youth training camps where they are from time to time assigned work by ZANU PF which controls the youth ministry.
He said: 80 000 had passed through the national youth service by the time it was stopped two years ago. The majority of those who had already graduated before the suspension of the programme have been absorbed into the system.
Government ministries which absorbed these youths are the ministry of defence through the Zimbabwe National Army, the Ministry of Justice through the prisons service, the home affairs ministry through the police and the ministry of youth.
Those who have failed to get jobs have remained at the training centres. I know some remain at Dadaya, Guyo, Eaglesnest, Mashayamombe and Mshagashe. These are the most dangerous because this is a group that is readily available to do any sort of work. The centres have remained a crucial structure of violence because they provide government-funded bases.
Defence Minister Emmerson Mnangagwa and Youth Minister Saviour Kasukuwere repeatedly refused to take questions on the plans by the military to takeover ZANU PFs campaign and the role of the youth service in the army-led drive to secure victory for Mugabe and his party.
But ZANU PF spokesman Rugare Gumbo dismissed the reports that the party had virtually outsourced its electoral campaign to the generals as unfounded and an attempt to smear Mugabes party.
Gumbo told ZimOnline: That is unfounded. ZANU PF is fully in charge of its programmes. We have the capacity to run our own campaign without involving soldiers. We have seen a pattern to smear ZANU PF and its leaders by falsely claiming that there is violence out there and that we are behind the violence. Now we are supposed to have surrendered our campaign to the army. There is no basis.
Do-or-die affair
But our investigations have established that ZDF commanders and CIO agents have been holding high-level strategic provincial meetings to plot how to secure Mugabes victory in the next elections even before a single ballot is cast.
Analysts have advanced several theories as to why the generals would want to prevent a possible Tsvangirai poll victory.
Others have said the men in uniform fear an MDC government will prosecute them for human rights abuses including the Matabeleland and Midlands massacres, while others say the generals -- or some of them genuinely believe -- rightly or wrongly, that Tsvangirai is a puppet of the West and that they have to stop him to protect the revolution.
And yet others say the generals want Mugabe or a successor appointed by him in power because the veteran President or his appointee will not only protect the commanders from prosecution but will ensure that they retain access to national resources, not least the rich Marange diamond deposits.
But whatever their motive or motives, our investigations showed a group of committed military men who believe that the next elections -- that Mugabe has said must take place this year although they may yet be postponed possibly to 2012 or 2013 -- are a do-or-die affair and that they are better off taking matters in their own hands.
The generals are absolutely convinced that a lethargic ZANU PF that is riven by factionalism over Mugabes succession cannot on its own win an election against an MDC party that remains hugely popular with the electorate despite the mediocre performance of some of its leaders in the unity government or the WikiLeaks disclosures that painted Tsvangirai as flawed and of questionable executive ability.
For example at a meeting in Manicaland last November, Nyikayaramba and Air Commodore Innocent Chiganze told the ZANU PF provincial leadership that the military was taking over the partys campaign in order to be able to stop Tsvangirai from winning.
Senior ZANU PF politicians among them Diydmus Mutasa, who is minister of state in Mugabes office; Patrick Chinamasa, who is justice minister; deputy economic planning minister Samuel Undenge; former minister Munacho Mutezo, party provincial chairman, Mike Madiro and provincial spokesman Kenneth Saruchera attended the meeting with the two soldiers.
Safe hands
Chiganze told the politicians that the elections were just as crucial as the 1980 elections that ushered in independence from Britain and in which the same military commanders actively campaigned for ZANU PF.
He said the ZANU-PF leadership had failed to effectively campaign because of factionalism and it was now the duty of the army to lead the campaign to defeat Tsvangirai.
According to a source who attended the meeting, Chiganze told the meeting that military generals were ready to retire, but would only do so when they were certain that the country was in the safe hands of a ZANU-PF leader.
Chiganze, according to our source, openly told the meeting that the military would never allow Tsvangirai to takeover power and would rather depose him than salute a leader they viewed as an American front.
The Air Commodore told the meeting that soldiers would be deployed in all districts well before the announcement of the election date to seal the off areas and mobilise people.
Chiganze advised the Manicaland ZANU PF leaders that once a date for national elections was announced they should move with speed to organise internal polls to chose candidates to represent the party in the various constituencies in order to give time to soldiers to mount an effective campaign well before international observers arrive in the country.
Mutasa and Chinamasa, the most senior ZANU PF leaders at the November meeting, urged all party members to cooperate with the military as was the case during the constitutional outreach programme during which Mugabes party was able to push its views and drown out those of other parties.
Revolutionary credentials
The meeting between Nyikayaramba, Chiganze and the ZANU PF leaders was a follow up meeting to another one held earlier by Nyikayaramba and over 200 traditional leaders whom he summoned to his army barracks to warn them of the fatal consequences of allowing MDC activities in their areas.
A traditional leader, who agreed to speak to our reporters on condition he was not named, quoted Nyikayaramba as saying: Some people are saying that Mugabe should be removed from power but that will never happen when we are here. No one without any revolutionary credentials will rule this country. We have no regrets over this statement because a lot of our people sacrificed their lives for the liberation of this country.
Other senior commanders assigned to the various provinces have also met ZANU PF leaders there to inform them to leave campaigning in the hands of the military.
Zimbabwes elections have in the past been blighted by violence and charges of vote rigging, which saw the European Union and United States slapping sanctions on Mugabe, top ZANU-PF members and the security forces commanders.
The country's last election in 2008 ended in a stalemate that only ended when Tsvangirai and Mugabe bowed to regional pressure to form a government of national unity in February 2009.
The two former foes have appointed a new Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) to run new elections expected once a new constitution is in place.
But ZEC chairman Simpso Mutambanengwe has complained that the commission lacks resources to fix a chaotic voters roll and implement other measures key to ensuring the next polls are free and fair.-- ZimOnline
List Of Soldiers
The list shows the province, district or constituency in which the soldier will be based and the name of the soldier:
Harare Metropolitan Province - AVM Karakadzai
Bulawayo Province - Col. C. Sibanda
Bulawayo central - Maj. J. Ndhlovu, Maj. J. Ncube
Manicaland and Mutare South - Brig. Tarumbwa
Buhera Central - Col. Morgan. Mzilikazi (MID)
Buhera North - Maj. L. M. Svosve
Buhera South - Maj. D. Muchena
Buhera West - Lt. Col. Kamonge, Major Nhachi
Chimanimani East - Lt. Col. Murecherwa
Chimanimani West - Maj. Mabvuu
Headlands - Col. Mutsvunguma
Makoni North - Maj. V. Chisuko
Makoni South - Wing Commander Mandeya
Mutare Central - Lt. Col. Tsodzai, Lt. Col. Sedze
Mutare West - Lt. Col. B. Kashiri
Mutare North - Lt. Col. Chizengwe, Lt. Col. Mazaiwana
Mashonaland Central - Brig. Gen. Shungu
Bindura South - Col. Chipwere
Bindura North - Lt. Col. Parwada
Muzarabani North - Lt. Col. Kazaza
Muzarabani South - Maj. H. Maziri
Rushinga - Col. F. Mhonda, Lt. Col. Betheuni
Shamva North - Lt. Col. Dzuda
Shamva South - Lt. Col. Makumire
Midlands Province - AVM Muchena, Brig. Gen. S. B. Moyo, Lt Colonel Kuhuni
Chirumhanzu South - Maj T. Tsvangirai
Mberengwa East - Col. B. Mavire
Mberengwa West - Maj T. Marufu
Matebeleland South - AVM Abu Basutu
Beit Bridge East - Group Cpt. Mayera, Rtd. Maj. Mbedzi, Lt. Col. B. Moyo
Gwanda South - Maj J. D. Moyo
Gwanda Central - Maj. B. Tshuma
Matopo North - Lt. Col. Maphosa
Matebeleland North - Brig. Gen. Khumalo
Binga North - Maj E. S. Matonga
Lupane East - Lt Col. Mkwananzi
Lupane West - Lt Col. Mabhena
Tsholotsho - Lt. Col. Mlalazi
Hwange Central - Lt. Col P. Ndhlovu
Masvingo Province - Maj. Gen. E. A. Rugeje,
Bikita West - Maj. B. R. Murwira
Chiredzi Central - Col G. Mashava
Chiredzi West - Maj. E. Gono
Gutu South - Maj. Chimedza
Masvingo - Lt. Col. Takavingofa
Mwenezi West - Lt. Col. Muchono
Mwenezi East - Lt. Col. Mpabanga
Zaka East - Maj. R. Kwenda
Mash West Province - Brig. Gen. Sigauke
Chinhoyi - Col Gwekwerere
Chegutu East - Lt. Colonel W. Tutisa
Hurungwe East - Lt. Col. B. Mabambe
Mhondoro Mubaira - Col. C. T. Gurira
Zvimba North - Cpt. T. Majongwe
Mashonaland East - Rtd. Brig Gen Rungani
Chikomba Central - Lt. Col. Marara
Goromonzi North - Lt Col. Mudzimba, Maj F. Mbewe
Marondera Central - Maj. Gen. Chedondo (COSG), Lt. Col B. Kashiri
Marondera West Squadron Leader - U. Chitauro
Murehwa South - Maj. Gurure
Murehwa North - Lt. Col. Mukurazhizha, Lt. Col. Chinete
Gutu North-Retired Colonel Mutero Masanganise
Gutu South-Colonel Muchechetere
I alwasy knew hussein would go down the same path. Sadly - I was correct.
In the face of this violence:
The United States ambassador Charles Ray has urged Zimbabweans to use
peaceful protest against social and political injustices. Speaking at the
Arrupe College in Harare on the occasion of Martin Luther King Day, Ray
said: the best weapon against hate and violence is non violence. He also
encouraged local clergy to emulate Dr King by becoming the voices of hope
and freedom in society.
source: SWRadioAfrica
Jimmy Carter will already say the election was free and fair.
I sure hope they are not going to use a bad tone or inflammatory language...that will bring down the liberal press on them for sure.
....really?...to what end?...
...the old turd is something like 89..
..the move to keep him in power must be so that Zim can throw a big state funded funeral...???
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Hey Ladies
Ive been stalking this thread for a few months as I too have elevated antibodies.
Im cycle day one and picking up my meds tomorrow from the clinic and start on the Bondi Protocol.
Ive only had 2 failed cycles but I was a 'tell me why' person and demanded a trailer load of testing. Which got me onto my diagnosis.
I was wanting to know if you ladies also did accupuncture with your cycles? Ive exhausted my health fund allocation for treatements but if you guys did it and were successful I should bite the bullet.
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I know its my month this month - Xmas present for us
Id like to hear from anyone else who is on the protocol ATM too.
Cheers A


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