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1 Filed 3/16/15 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA ) ) In re HONG YEN CHANG on Admission. ) ) ) ) S THE COURT. * We grant Hong Yen Chang posthumous admission as an attorney and counselor at law in all courts of the state of California. Hong Yen Chang, a native of China, came to this country in 1872 as part of an educational program to teach Chinese youth about the West. (Farkas, Bury My Bones in America (1998) p. 87 (Farkas).) Chang graduated from the Philips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1879 and earned his undergraduate degree at Yale. (Id. at pp. 87, 89, 93.) He went on to graduate from Columbia Law School in (Id. at p. 90.) He applied for admission to the New York Bar, but despite a high marking and unanimous recommendation from the bar examiners, he was turned down by the state supreme court in 1887 because he was not a citizen. (In and About the City: Naturalizing a Chinaman. Hong Yen Chang s Struggles to be Admitted to the Bar, N.Y. Times (Nov. 19, 1887) p. 8.) That same year, a New York judge issued Chang a certificate of naturalization. * Cantil-Sakauye, C. J., Werdegar, J., Chin, J., Corrigan, J., Liu, J., Cuéllar, J., and Kruger, J. 1
2 (Ibid.) After the New York Legislature passed a law allowing him to reapply for bar admission, Chang was admitted in 1888, becoming the only regularly admitted Chinese lawyer in this country. (A Chinese Lawyer: Hong Yen Chang and a Colored Student Admitted to the Bar, N.Y. Times (May 18, 1888) p. 1.) Chang then relocated to California, where he planned to serve the large Chinese community of San Francisco. (Farkas, supra, at p. 90.) When he moved for admission to the California bar, this court observed that his motion was made in due form and his moral character duly vouched for. (In re Hong Yen Chang (1890) 84 Cal. 163, 164.) At the time, however, a California statute provided that only United States citizens or persons who have bona fide declared their intention to become such in the manner provided by law could gain admission upon presentation of a license to practice law from another state. (Id. at p. 165, citing Code Civ. Proc., former 279, enacted 1872 and repealed by Stats. 1931, ch. 861, 2, p ) This court held that the statute requires that they shall be persons eligible to become [citizens], as well as to have declared their intention. (In re Hong Yen Chang, at p. 165.) Observing that courts are expressly forbidden to issue certificates of naturalization to any native of China under the federal Chinese Exclusion Act (Act of May 6, 1882, 47th Cong., ch. 126, 14, 22 Stat. 58, 61), we determined that the certificate of naturalization Chang had obtained in New York was issued without authority of law, and is void, it being conceded that the holder of it is a person of Mongolian nativity. (In re Hong Yen Chang, at pp ) The court concluded: Holding, as we do, that the applicant is not a citizen of the United States, and is not eligible under the law to become such, the motion must be denied. (Id. at p. 165.) Understanding the significance of our two-page decision denying Chang admission to the bar requires a candid reckoning with a sordid chapter of our state and national history. (See McClain, In Search of Equality: The Chinese Struggle 2
3 Against Discrimination in Nineteenth-Century America (1994) (McClain); Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans (1989) pp ) The general outline of this history is recounted in Chae Chan Ping v. United States (1889) 130 U.S. 581 (Chae Chan Ping), which upheld the Chinese Exclusion Act against various legal challenges one year before our decision in In re Hong Yen Chang. Reflecting then prevalent sensibilities, a unanimous high court said: The discovery of gold in California in 1848, as is well known, was followed by a large immigration thither from all parts of the world, attracted not only by the hope of gain from the mines, but from the great prices paid for all kinds of labor. The news of the discovery penetrated China, and laborers came from there in great numbers, a few with their own means, but by far the greater number under contract with employers, for whose benefit they worked. These laborers readily secured employment, and, as domestic servants, and in various kinds of outdoor work, proved to be exceedingly useful. For some years little opposition was made to them, except when they sought to work in the mines, but, as their numbers increased, they began to engage in various mechanical pursuits and trades, and thus came in competition with our artisans and mechanics, as well as our laborers in the field. The competition steadily increased as the laborers came in crowds on each steamer that arrived from China, or Hong Kong, an adjacent English port. They were generally industrious and frugal. Not being accompanied by families, except in rare instances, their expenses were small; and they were content with the simplest fare, such as would not suffice for our laborers and artisans. The competition between them and our people was for this reason altogether in their favor, and the consequent irritation, proportionately deep and bitter, was followed, in many cases, by open conflicts, to the great disturbance of the public peace. 3
4 The differences of race added greatly to the difficulties of the situation.... [T]hey remained strangers in the land, residing apart by themselves, and adhering to the customs and usages of their own country. It seemed impossible for them to assimilate with our people, or to make any change in their habits or modes of living. As they grew in numbers each year the people of the coast saw, or believed they saw, in the facility of immigration, and in the crowded millions of China, where population presses upon the means of subsistence, great danger that at no distant day that portion of our country would be overrun by them, unless prompt action was taken to restrict their immigration. The people there accordingly petitioned earnestly for protective legislation. (Chae Chan Ping, supra, 130 U.S. at pp ) Hostility toward Chinese labor, together with cultural tensions and xenophobia, prompted the California Legislature to enact a raft of laws designed to disadvantage Chinese immigrants. (See, e.g., Stats. 1880, ch. 116, 1, p. 123 [establishing commercial fishing ban for aliens incapable of becoming electors of this State ]; Pen. Code, former 178, 179, added by Amends. to Codes 1880, ch. 3, 1, 2, pp. 1, 2 [imposing criminal liability on corporations that employed Chinese workers]; Stats. 1862, ch. 339, 1, p. 462 [creating the Chinese Police Tax in order to protect Free White Labor against competition with Chinese Coolie Labor, and to discourage the Immigration of the Chinese into the State of California ]; Stats. 1855, ch. 174, 1, p. 216 [imposing license tax on each foreigner who was ineligible to become a citizen ].) Many of the era s discriminatory laws and government actions were upheld by this court. (See, e.g., Mott v. Cline (1927) 200 Cal. 434; In re Yick Wo (1885) 68 Cal. 294, revd. sub nom. Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) 118 U.S. 356; Ex parte Ah Fook (1874) 49 Cal. 402, revd. sub nom. Chy Lung v. Freeman (1875) 92 U.S. 275; People v. Brady 4
5 (1870) 40 Cal. 198; People v. Hall (1854) 4 Cal. 399, ; People v. Naglee (1850) 1 Cal. 232.) Anti-Chinese sentiment was a major impetus for the California Constitutional Convention of (See McClain, supra, at pp [describing the influence of the California s Workingmen s Party led by Dennis Kearney, whose slogan was The Chinese Must Go! ].) As ratified by the electorate in 1879, the California Constitution denied the right to vote to any native of China alongside any idiot, insane person, or person convicted of various crimes. (Cal. Const., art. II, 1 as ratified 1879.) It also included an entire article titled Chinese, directing the Legislature to enact laws to combat the burdens and evils posed by Chinese immigrants, including laws to impose conditions upon which persons may reside in the State, and to provide the means and mode of their removal from the State. (Id., art. XIX, 1 as ratified 1879.) The article specifically prohibited any corporation or government entity from employ[ing] directly or indirectly, in any capacity, any Chinese or Mongolian, and directed the Legislature to pass such laws as may be necessary to enforce this provision. (Id., art. XIX, 2 as ratified 1879.) When the Legislature convened in 1880, it took up its new constitutional duties with enthusiasm in a session that prove[d] to be the most Sinophobic in the state s history. (McClain, supra, at p. 83; see id. at pp [discussing anti-chinese laws enacted in 1880]; see In re Ah Chong (C.C.D. Cal. 1880) 2 F. 733, [same].) The laws enacted that session included An Act to prohibit the issuance of licenses to aliens not eligible to become electors of the State of California, which provided that [n]o license to transact any business or occupation shall be granted or issued by the State, or any county or city, or city and county, or town, or any municipal corporation, to any alien not eligible to become an elector of this State. (Stats. 1880, ch. 51, 1, p. 39.) 5
6 The 1879 Constitution also directed the Legislature to provide the necessary legislation to prohibit the introduction into this State of Chinese going forward and to discourage their immigration by all the means within its power. (Cal. Const., art. XIX, 4, as ratified in 1879.) This provision continued the state s decades-long policy of opposing Chinese immigration. (See, e.g., 2 Willis & Stockton Debates and Proceedings, Cal. Const. Convention , p. 739; Sen. Conc. Res. No. 25, Stats (1874 Reg. Sess.) res. ch. 29, p. 979; Assem. Conc. Res. No. 3, Stats (1872 Reg. Sess.) res. ch. 20, p. 970; Stats. 1862, ch. 339, p. 462; Stats. 1858, ch. 313, p. 295.) The United States Supreme Court, in upholding the Chinese Exclusion Act, observed that California s advocacy played a key role in motivating Congress to pass the law: In December, 1878, the convention which framed the present constitution of California, being in session, took this subject up, and memorialized Congress upon it, setting forth, in substance, that the presence of Chinese laborers had a baneful effect upon the material interests of the State, and upon public morals; that their immigration was in numbers approaching the character of an Oriental invasion, and was a menace to our civilization; that the discontent from this cause was not confined to any political party, or to any class or nationality, but was well nigh universal; that they retained the habits and customs of their own country, and in fact constituted a Chinese settlement within the State, without any interest in our country or its institutions; and praying Congress to take measures to prevent their further immigration. This memorial was presented to Congress in February, [ ] So urgent and constant were the prayers for relief against existing and anticipated evils, both from the public authorities of the Pacific coast and from private individuals, that Congress was impelled to act on the subject. (Chae Chan Ping, supra, 130 U.S. at pp ) This was the historical context in which this court denied Chang admission to the bar. 6
7 More than a century later, the legal and policy underpinnings of our 1890 decision have been discredited. In 1972, this court unanimously held it was constitutionally indefensible to forbid noncitizens to practice law, calling such a ban the lingering vestige of a xenophobic attitude that should now be allowed to join those anachronistic classifications among the crumbled pedestals of history. (Raffaelli v. Committee of Bar Examiners (1972) 7 Cal.3d 288, 291.) One year later, the high court reached the same conclusion. (In re Griffiths (1973) 413 U.S. 717.) In 2013, our Legislature passed a law making undocumented immigrants eligible for admission to the State Bar. (Bus. & Prof. Code, 6064, subd. (b).) We thereafter granted admission to an undocumented immigrant who had been brought to the United States as a child, put himself through college and law school, passed the California bar exam, and met the requirement of good moral character. (In re Garcia (2014) 58 Cal.4th 440, 466.) We said the fact that an undocumented immigrant is present in the United States without lawful authorization does not itself involve moral turpitude or demonstrate moral unfitness so as to justify exclusion from the State Bar, or prevent the individual from taking an oath promising faithfully to discharge the duty to support the Constitution and laws of the United States and California. (Id. at p. 460.) In addition, Congress repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1943 (Act of Dec. 17, 1943, Pub. L. No , 57 Stat. 600), and both Houses of Congress have recently expressed regret for the act and similar laws discriminating against Chinese immigrants (H.Res. No. 683, 112th Cong., 2d Sess. (2012); Sen.Res. No. 201, 112th Cong., 1st Sess. (2011).) The anti-chinese provisions of the California Constitution were repealed in (Cal. Const., former art. XIX, repealed by initiative, Prop. 14, Gen. Elec. (Nov. 4, 1952).) In 2014, our Legislature adopted a resolution acknowledging California s history of discrimination against its Chinese population. (Sen. Joint Res. No. 23, Stats ( Reg. Sess.) 7
8 res. ch. 134.) Among its findings, the resolution observed that California s stance against the Chinese community influenced the promotion and passage of the federal Chinese Exclusion Act ; that California lobbied Congress for years to strictly prohibit immigration from China ; and that [t]he Chinese Exclusion Act set the precedent for racist foreign and national policy that led to broader exclusion laws and fostered an environment of racism that quickly led to the Jim Crow laws of the 1880s. (Ibid.) While commending Congress on its recent resolutions expressing regret for the Chinese Exclusion Act, the resolution called on Congress to issue a formal apology for the legalized governmental mistreatment marked by the Chinese Exclusion Act. (Ibid.) In light of these developments, it is past time to acknowledge that the discriminatory exclusion of Chang from the State Bar of California was a grievous wrong. It denied Chang equal protection of the laws; apart from his citizenship, he was by all accounts qualified for admission to the bar. It was also a blow to countless others who, like Chang, aspired to become a lawyer only to have their dream deferred on account of their race, alienage, or nationality. And it was a loss to our communities and to society as a whole, which denied itself the full talents of its people and the important benefits of a diverse legal profession. More than a century later, Chang s descendants and the Asian Pacific American Law Students Association at the University of California, Davis School of Law have sought to right this wrong. Even if we cannot undo history, we can acknowledge it and, in so doing, accord a full measure of recognition to Chang s pathbreaking efforts to become the first lawyer of Chinese descent in the United States. The people and the courts of California were denied Chang s services as a lawyer. But we need not be denied his example as a pioneer for a more inclusive legal profession. In granting Hong Yen Chang posthumous admission to the 8
9 California Bar, we affirm his rightful place among the ranks of persons deemed qualified to serve as an attorney and counselor at law in the courts of California. 9
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4 reasons OPEC will onslaught to boost oil prices
Can OPEC do a impossible?
The world's vital oil producers are assembly in Algeria this week, perplexing again to find a approach of pulling prices higher.
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Despite signs of a flourishing eagerness to cut a understanding to curb supply, they have a towering to climb. Here are 4 reasons given they'll struggle.
1. The usually approach is to cut
Crude oil prices are low given a marketplace is massively oversupplied. Big producers led by Saudi Arabia have been pumping nearby record amounts of wanton for a final dual years, perplexing to urge their marketplace share by squeezing out aloft cost producers such as a U.S.
This oversupply has caused prices to dump by about 60% given 2014 and slowed prolongation in a U.S.
But a plan is proof painful. Low prices have put a critical aria on a budgets of countries such as Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and Russia, whose supervision finances count on appetite exports.
They wish prices to go adult and they know a usually approach to do that is for oil prolongation to drop. That's given they've been perplexing to negotiate concurrent prolongation cuts for a past year. With positively no success so far.
2. Freezing outlay is not enough
Agreeing to solidify outlay during stream levels competence sound like a good concede if a understanding to cut supply proves unfit to reach. But it's doubtful to help, given producers are already pumping out record amounts.
No oil unemployment here: New Mideast pier could opposition Singapore
In fact, prolongation is rising, with Saudi-led OPEC pumping out over 33 million barrels of wanton oil per day in August, around a tip turn ever. Russia, that is not a member of OPEC, is also producing nearby a limit capacity, and Nigeria and Libya have both signaled they wish to lift their outlay for a rest of this year.
The International Energy Agency predicts a global oil bolt will final good into subsequent year, given direct for oil, quite in Asia, is flourishing during a slower gait than anticipated.
3. Iran needs to be on board
The conditions became even some-more difficult with Iran's lapse to universe markets progressing this year. Iran has been increasing a outlay since sanctions were carried in January. The nation has settled clearly that it wants to retrieve a place as one of a world's tip oil exporters.
But Saudi Arabia won't wish Iran to boost prolongation while it is slicing back. That would meant ceding marketplace share to a categorical informal rival.
Related: OPEC shatters oil prolongation records
Reports emerged in a final few days that Saudi Arabia competence be peaceful to cut prolongation if Iran agrees to solidify a possess output, though analysts are skeptical.
"There has been a unchanging settlement over a final few months of OPEC ministers attempting to 'talk up' prices with comments about a intensity outlay solidify understanding being close…but historically many of these comments have valid to be unfounded," wrote Tom Pugh, line economist during Capital Economics.
4. How do we excellent balance a tellurian market?
Even if a large oil producers somehow conduct to determine a deal, they won't wish prices to go most higher. If they do, that will risk helping aloft cost producers — such as some U.S. shale firms — get behind in a game.
Most shale producers need prices above $60 per tub for their operations to be profitable.
Olivier Jakob, oil researcher and handling executive during oil investigate organisation Petromatrix, pronounced OPEC countries are doubtful to wish prices to go above that level, given of fears it could lead to even bigger oil glut.
And afterwards all that tough work would be undone.
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text:
Jada is a sixteen year old skater who is moving back to her old home along with her twin brother Jason, her four year old brother and sister Jordan and Jasmine, and her mom. Moving back from the UK and leaving her dad and friends behind, Jada faces difficulties at times but it's nothing she can't handle.
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text:
The Sun is within easy reach of Battersea, Wandsworth or Brixton, and we're also near Clapham Common and Clapham Picturehouse, making us ideal for a spot of lunch or dinner while you're out and about.
Clapham Common (Northern Line). Take the right-hand exit to Old Town and follow around to the right. The pub will be on your right as you enter the Old Town.
We're a 10min walk away from Clapham High Street Station.
The 345, 322, 155, 50 and 88 all pass Clapham Common, get off there and walk up to Old Town.


text:
Afghan factions fighting to topple President Burhanuddin Rabbani allowed half of a UN food convoy into Kabul yesterday after holding it up for four days,
Reuter reports from Peshawar, Pakistan. The Hizbe Islami party allowed three of six trucks carrying flour into Rabbani-controlled areas in response to an appeal from the UN.
- More about:
- Afghanistan
- Kabul
- Peshawar
- South Asia


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Financial advisory and asset management firm Lazard Ltd. said Wednesday that it elected former Citigroup chairman Richard Parsons to its board, effective immediately.
Parsons served as chairman of Citigroup Inc. from February 2009 until his retirement in April 2012. He had served as a director on its board since 1996. Before that, he was chairman and chief executive of the media and entertainment company Time Warner Inc.
Parsons currently is a member of the White House's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness and is a senior advisor to the investment firm Providence Equity Partners, Lazard said.
He also is a member of the board of Estee Lauder Cos., serving as chair of its compensation committee, and a member of the board of Madison Square Garden Co., Lazard said.
Parsons also worked in the White House under President Gerald Ford. He was rumored as a potential candidate to succeed New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, before Bloomberg sought and was elected to a third term in 2009, but declined to run.
Shares of New York-based Lazard fell 29 cents to $22.67 in morning trading. Its shares are near the lower end of their 52-week range of $19.04 to $38.11 per share.
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text:
Fight Back with Food
Use Nutrition to Heal What Ails You
By (author) Reader's Digest Robert Dolezal Editors of Reader's Digest
Format: Paperback / softback
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Fight Back with Food by Reader's Digest
Book DescriptionA-Z comprehensive guide lays out all the nutrients and other compounds currently known to researchers that help fight disease By now everyone knows: Good nutrition is the key to good health. What's new and exciting, however, are findings that the right diet can actually act as preventive medicine. Experts have discovered how vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and other substances in foods work in the body to treat and even prevent serious ailments-including arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease. Divided into 3 sections, this A-Z comprehensive guide lays out all the nutrients and other compounds currently known to researchers that help fight disease. Part 1 reveals the 50 foods with the most potential to treat and prevent disease and how to cook and store these healing foods to maximize their many benefits. Part 2 provides the reader with a powerful food arsenal to help fight 50 common ailments including a list of recipes that incorporate disease-fighting foods. In Part 3, get 100 healthy and tasty recipes for treating and fighting off disease?"meals that heal" are an everyday prescription to better health. "FIGHT BACK WITH FOOD" will give the reader practical tips and information to turn three square meals a day into something that can help you live longer and healthier. A guide to the most powerful disease-zapping nutrients 50 superstar disease-fighting foods, from apples to poultry to winter squash What to eat to manage and prevent 50 common ailments, from asthma to osteoporosis 100 delicious disease-combating recipes
Buy Fight Back with Food book by Reader's Digest from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780762108404
(255mm x 197mm x 21mm)
Pages: 352
Imprint: Reader's Digest Association
Publisher: Reader's Digest Association
Publish Date: 1-Jan-2007
Country of Publication: United States
Other Editions...
Books By Author Reader's Digest
Smart Animals, Hardback (October 2016)
Anyone who has ever owned a pet, or been closely involved with animals in some way, has an entertaining or uplifting story to tell of the experience.
Quick & Easy Cooking, Hardback (October 2016)
Got to cook, but pressed for time? You'll get great-tasting results fast with Quick & Easy Cooking. Choose from more than 400 recipes, including speedy soups, starters and salads; fast fish; meat and poultry in minutes; quick-fix pasta and grains; vegetables in a flash; and dynamite desserts.
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text: Skyfall's writer and director reunite for a Victorian horror showCharlie Jane Anders9/16/13 3:40pm492EditPromoteGo to permalinkDoctor Who's Rose Tyler is coming back to genre television! Billie Piper has just signed on to star in Penny Dreadful, a show set in Victorian London featuring Victor Frankenstein, Dorian Gray and other terrifying figures of gothic literature. Can she do for gothic lit what she once did for the Daleks?


text:
Coachella 2015 Sells Out In Under 40mins
Goldenvoice has done it again.
Both weekends of the annual Coachella Valley Music & Arts Festival officially sold out in less than 40 minutes on Wednesday, despite people bashing the lineup released on Tuesday. Seeing as Coachella sells out every year, it's not too much of a surprise… but how quickly it happened is. Last year, passes took a little less than three hours to sell out.
One reason the 2015 tickets sold out so fast: the regular $375 GA passes sold out back in May during an early pre-sale. This meant on Wednesday there was limited quantity of GA + shuttle service tickets available for $435.
Scalpers bought tickets which they are now selling the for $1,000 and up, so if you didn't get a ticket in the official sale, I wish you good luck! And if you are going to buy aftermarket tickets, be careful, there have been problems in the past with counterfeit tickets and wristbands.
With acts like AC/DC, Drake and former White Stripes frontman, Jack White, headlining the festival and a brilliant set of EDM artists (Axwell /\ Ingrosso, Alesso, Nero, David Guetta, Flosstradamus, Porter Robinson, Kaskade, DJ Snake, Madeon to name a few) the ticket holder of this festival is one lucky person!
P.S. If you are a Gesaffelstein fan, he has declared it will be his last performance.
Madison Riccardi
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5 STAR INSTITUTE ISLAMABAD is located in G-10 Markaz Islamabad where we offer IELTS, Language and Computer courses English Language: Course Titles: Spoken English, Spoken English Advance, English Grammar, Basic English Diploma, IELTS Acadamic, General , IELTS A1 for Spouse Visa, We also offer Arabic Language and Urdu Language courses. IT Courses Course Titles: Basic IT Diploma, Basic Computer Diploma, Ms Office Basic , MS Office Professional , Graphic Designing, MS Excel Professional , Autocad 2D 3D, 3D Max, Accounting Courses Peachtree, Tally , Quickbook, Erp Sage, MS Excel Professional . For more information: FSI-5 STAR INSTITUTE ISLAMABAD G-10 Markaz,Islamabad. Ph:051-2509677,Tel:0344-5000120 email@example.com Skype: fivestar853 https://web.facebook.com/5STARINSTITUTEISLAMABAD/ http://5starinstituteislamabad.blogspot.com/
5 Star institute, G-10 Markaz, Park View Plaza, In Front of Park, Islamabad Pakistan


text:
Watch The Beaver (2011) Free Online
The Beaver
IMDB Link:
Rating: 6.7/10 (38,114 votes)
Director: Jodie Foster
Writer: Kyle Killen
Stars: Anton Yelchin, Cherry Jones, Jodie Foster, Mel Gibson
FULL CAST: The Beaver (2011) - Full Cast and Crew
Runtime: 91 min
Rated: PG-13
Type: movie
Year: 2011
Genre: Drama
Quality: 720p HD, HD
Language: English
Released: 19 May 2011
|Storyline: Walter Black ('Mel Gibson') is depressed and sleeps most of the day. It's driving his family crazy, and his wife Meredith (Jodie Foster) kicks him out. Walter starts carrying a beaver puppet and tries to commit suicide (unsuccessfully). He uses the puppet to talk to himself, trying to bolster his spirits, and is trying to rebuild his life. Through the beaver, the family begins to learn about Walter's history and problems, and as he continues rebuilding, the beaver shows us all a way to cope.
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Hey everyone! Protected content an American currently teaching English in South Korea, but I am looking to make the move to the UAE. I have been teaching here about 2 years. I have my BA and am TEFL certified. I have been teaching elementary, but also have a bit of experience teaching adults.
If interested, I have my CV readily available to send.
Cheers. Chelsea Miles