text:
Gender in Transnationalism
Home, Longing and Belonging Among Moroccan Migrant Women
By (author) Ruba Salih
Format: Hardback
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Gender in Transnationalism by Ruba Salih
Book DescriptionA fascinating ethnographic journey into migrant women's lives across two countries, Gender in Transnationalism highlights women's construction of 'home' between Morocco and Italy as a significant site whereby broader feelings and narratives of displacement and belonging can be grasped. Salih investigates what Moroccan women's relations with their adopted country are and how their identities, conceptualisations of home and cultural practices are shaped by the transnational dimension of their lives. This interdisciplinary book provides a gendered account of transnational migration, in the context of changing configurations in both the social sciences and people's lives, of notions of locality, identity, difference and citizenship, and by focusing on the 'lived experience' of Moroccan migrant women's transnationalism between Morocco and Italy. It will interest students and researchers of transnationalism, migration and gender.
Buy Gender in Transnationalism book by Ruba Salih from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780415267038
(234mm x 156mm x 13mm)
Pages: 208
Imprint: Routledge
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Publish Date: 12-Jun-2003
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author Ruba Salih
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Author Biography - Ruba Salih
Ruba Salih is a social anthropologist and is currently a research fellow at the University of Bologna. She has published extensively on transnational migration, gender and Islam.
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The best listening bot may be one you tell your daily joys and woes to, that goes into a black hole never to be seen by a human.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Announcement Beautifully handmade handbags, home accessories, and collectibles. Summer, urban, boho, and one of a kind designs by Heather Graef, Sausalito, CA. Currently on a hiatus, but I will be back in the future!
Beautifully handmade handbags, home accessories, and collectibles. Summer, urban, boho, and one of a kind designs by Heather Graef, Sausalito, CA. Currently on a hiatus, but I will be back in the future!
Anonymous on Oct 5, 2011
Beautiful, little bag. Well made.
Anonymous on Aug 13, 2010
Anonymous on Aug 10, 2010
Super cute & functional bag!! nSeller is wonderful & shipping was so speedy! nA+ Thanks Heather!
My Story
I love inventing my own sewing patterns, and hunting for unique materials that inspire my limited collections and of a kind pieces. Aside from handcrafting bags and accessories, I am currently working on home decor accessories and jewelry designs. My styles have been described as urban-chic, boho-chic, and simply functional and elegant design.
I live on a houseboat in the historic, bohemian floating home community of Sausalito, CA. Part of my work is done at home, while the majority of the sewing and design work is done in my waterfront studio.
My work is sold at local shops, local markets, and major events such as the annual winter KPFA Crafts Fair in San Francisco. Stay in the loop by joining me online.
Shop members
Heather Graef
Owner, Maker, Designer
I am a longtime graphic designer who fell in love with textiles.
Shop policies
All of my bags, accessories, and jewelry are originally designed and handcrafted by me in my Sausalito, California studio. Some of my pieces are currently being sold locally and elsewhere online. I encourage you to re-visit my shop, as I regularly create new designs. Contact me for more information. Thanks for stopping by!
For more info and updates:
Like my Facebook page ❊ www.facebook.com/GstudioStyle
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Visit my webstie ❊ www.gstudioshop.com
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Checks should be made out to Heather Graef (that's me). Please do not write payments to "Gstudio". Your item will be shipped once payment is received and cleared.
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Contact me to discuss refund or exchange requests.
Additional policies and FAQs
Each item is truly unique, handmade by me in my studio. Some made-to-order items may vary slightly from example photos, for instance: if the fabric has an all-over pattern, the position of the pattern will probably vary on each piece.
Customized Orders:
Requesting a different fabric for a listed item is considered a customized order. Customized orders may take longer to fabricate - contact me before ordering so that I can create a "reserved item" listing for you on this website. Depending on the nature of the customized order, I may opt to send an invoice for a non-refundable deposit of US $20.00 before the work begins.
Textile Care:
Cotton fabrics are pre-washed. Polyester/outdoor fabrics may be pre-washed, which may soften the fabric, depending on the weave. My pre-washing is done by machine, and line dried. Hand-washing is recommended for most items. Special care instructions will be included with your purchase (if required), or found on my website at www.gstudiostyle.com.
Wholesale Orders:
I welcome wholesale and consignment inquiries.


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Customers Also Purchased These Related Items
Read about the Miele SBB Parquet Smooth Floor Brush
Miele SBB Parquet Smooth Floor Brush
The quality of one's cleaning depends on the quality of the tools they use and the tools are selected according to the surface that needs to be cleaned and to the vacuum cleaner owned. However, the former is the main criterion, the latter being quite flexible in that there are many tools – made by the same manufacturer even – that can be matched to more than one vacuum cleaner. So, in the end, it all depends on whether one needs to clean hard floors, smooth floors or any other kind of floor.
Miele is one of the leading manufacturers in the vacuuming industry, so their vacuum cleaners and attachments are highly appreciated by experts and ordinary consumers alike for they provide top quality results and very high efficiency levels. One of their products is the SBB Parquet smooth floor brush. This is a top recommendation for those who are always afraid of scratching their floors however hard they may be. The particular type of floor this brush was designed for is polished wood, hence the name of the tool. Polished wood floors require a special level of care because they are very sensitive to scratches. However, this has never been a problem with Miele's floor brushes and it is not a problem in this case either.
More benefits for the Miele SBB Parquet Smooth Floor Brush
The German manufacturer always pays a great deal of attention to the condition of the floors their vacuum cleaners and attachments come into contact with, so they choose the bristles of their floor brushes and the side wheels very carefully. With the SBB Parquet smooth floor brush, the bristles are 100% natural and very gentle, so they practically slide on the floor, leaving it undamaged. Moreover, the amount of effort the user has to make to clean their floor properly is much lower than usual.
This is also due to the disposal of the bristles on two rows. As far as the cleaning radius is concerned, it reaches 11 inches, which, once again, makes the whole vacuuming job a lot easier than it is when other similar tools are used. Long and soft, the bristles on the SBB Parquet smooth floor brush provide optimal cleaning results, removing any trace of dirt or dust that comes their way. The wheels also have a practical design. They are made of rubber, so they do not pose any real threats to the surface they sweep over.
The SBB Parquet smooth floor brush is a straight suction tool initially designed to match the vacuum cleaners of the S2 and S3 series, but it is also encountered with the models of the S1 and S4 series. However, the canister models remain the most commonly used with this floor brush. But the most important thing is that it has a remarkable set of attributes which consolidate its position as one of the best floor brushes designed for cleaning polished wood floors available on the market at the present moment.
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- Cleaning Path (Inches) 11.00
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The Essentials
Count on it being cool. Fog in summer. Wind in the afternoon is normal. Layer up. On a breezeless, sunny day, you'll be okay in a short sleeve t-shirt. For longer walks, always bring water.
Best advice (from the Ocean Safety Coalition):
"Be swept away by the beauty, not by the waves. " Keep a respectable distance from the cliff's edge and don't climb down on the rocks. Sneaker waves are common. The waves are powerful and water cold (54 degrees).
A Birder's Paradise
A list of 276 species found near Fort Bragg is available for $1 from the Mendocino Coast Audubon Society.
What To Do If You have Two Days
After a big leisurely breakfast at the Atrium, you'll be ready for some exercise. At both the Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens and the light station, you can take short strolls or vigorous walks of a couple of miles each. Except in winter, you can have lunch at the gardens before moving on to the lighthouse. Since these two outings are halfway between Fort Bragg and Mendocino, you'll find lots of lunch options between adventures. Don't forget your camera.
Day 1: Explore Point Cabrillo Light Station
State Historic Park and Nature Preserve.
Walk to the Point Cabrillo Lighthouse and follow the trails along the ocean, stopping at the lighthouse, marine aquarium exhibit and Lightkeepers House Museum.
Why Gail and Mary Like It
Just five miles south of the Fort Bragg City Limits, this state park and nature preserve is one of the most complete (restored) light stations in America. Point Cabrillo Lightkeepers Association received state and national awards for restoring eight of the nine structures to their original 1909 condition.
Managed by the Coast Guard as a federal aid to navigation, the 1909 lens projects a beam visible 14 miles out to sea. You'll discover two museums, a gift shop, ship wreck artifacts, a marine exhibit with living tide pool creatures and lots of wildlife along miles of trails that crisscross the 300-acre nature preserve. Eight of the nine original buildings have been restored, including three lightkeeper houses. Located 6 miles south of the Atrium. The walk to the lighthouse from the visitor center is a half-mile. Close-up handicap parking is available as a well as a ramp into the lighthouse for easy wheelchair access.
Trail distance:
A few miles if you walk around the entire 300 acres; 1-mile roundtrip if you walk just to the lighthouse and back from the visitor center parking area.
What to bring:
Picnic, camera, binoculars, your wallet (for some great stuff in the lighthouse).
Cost: a donation is requested at the lighthouse (since this is an non-profit run by volunteers even a dollar or two is appreciated). Otherwise, you are free to roam this California State Park.
Day 2: Walk the Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens
Paved trails crisscross the 47 acres from Highway 1 to the Pacific Ocean. This is a place to meander from garden to garden, rather than power walk. But feel free to go at a faster pace. In Summer, you can buy lunch at the stand near the Garden's store and fresh, handmade ice cream from Fort Bragg's Cowlick's Ice Cream.
Why Gail and Mary Like It
The Gardens is known for its tender species rhododendrons that produce some of the most fragrant blossoms of the year. Native to the cloud forests of Southeast Asia and the Himalayas, these gems are restricted to a narrow band along the northern California coast in the U.S., where they thrive in the foggy, coastal climate.
The cactus, the heritage roses, heather collection, the dahlia garden and rhododendrons are all must-sees. Illustrated panels and the garden-forest setting make this is a birder's dream. You can sit on a bench and admire the scenery, view the 150 different bird species, shop at the garden store, walk to the ocean view cliff house or bring a digital camera and fill a media card or two. Located 3 miles south of the Atrium.
Local Tip:
To see what's in bloom, visit the Gardens Web site.
Cost: $10 / person
If you have Three Days
Day 3: MacKerricher State Park and Glass Beach
Besides being a popular campground, MacKerricher is one of the most diverse state parks in California: it offers great walks, some of the best surfing in California (Virgin Beach), long stretches of beach with sweeping ocean views (Ten Mile Beach), rare birds (The Snowy Plover) and great viewing platforms for watching waves, wildlife and surfers (Laguna Point).
Why Gail and Mary Like It
You can literally walk from the Atrium to the Old Haul Road starting point at Pudding Creek Trestle (about ¾ mile). Or take a short drive over to the small parking lot, stopping along the way at Glass Beach.
Glass Beach – once the town trash dump – has been cleaned up and is part of the state park. Over several decades, the wave action broke up and smoothed the tens of thousands of glass containers dumped here into tiny bits of treasure that come in a rainbow of colors. Best explored at low tide. If the surf is big or rough, keep a look out for rogue waves that seem to come out of nowhere. You can walk to Glass Beach from the Atrium.
What to bring: Whether you like riding bikes or prefer walking, you can pack a lunch and jacket and find some of the area's great adventures along the way.
If you like to read, the warm sand dunes of Ten Mile Beach with big ocean views area book place to sit and relax.
Local tip: At Laguna Point, near Cleone Lake, two viewing stands are an idea place for photographs or vacation videos. The gift shop at the park headquarters entrance off Highway 1, a few miles north of the Atrium, showcases the animal life in the park. Just outside is a gray whale skeleton, something to marvel at. About 20,000 Grays pass by Fort Bragg from December to April each year in a migration that takes them from their feeding grounds of Alaska to the birthing grounds of Mexico, and then back with the calves.
Extra Credit: A Two-Day Garden Tour
Day 1: Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens and Rhododendrons
After a big leisurely breakfast at the Atrium, you'll be ready for some exercise. Spend your morning at the Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens. You can take a short walk to the ocean and back in less than a hour or stroll for hours among the gardens and forest. After lunch, visit Celeri & Son's rhododendron farm.
Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens — This is 47 acres of beautiful and rare plants from around the world sandwiched between Highway 1 and the Pacific Ocean. The cactus, the heritage roses, heather collection, the dahlia garden and rhododendrons are all must-sees. You can sit on a bench and admire the scenery, view the 150 different bird species, shop at the garden store, walk to the ocean view cliff house or bring a digital camera and fill a media card or two. Located 3 miles south of the Atrium.
Celeri & Son — some 20,000 rhododendrons are spread over 1.5 acres. From the newly-propagated to large potted plants, there are more than 100 species and hybrids normally found on the slopes of the very deep valleys that border the eastern Himalayas and southeastern Tibet, or in the mountain ranges stretching between mainland Asia and Australia, including the islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, New Guinea, and the Philippines. Jim Celeri and and son, Frank, encourage you to come by and have a picnic or a stroll through their gardens even if you don't buy. A must-see for garden lovers.
Day 2: Plants that are Rare and Wonderful
After another wonderful breakfast at the Atrium you'll head out to one of the most interesting nurseries you've ever seen.
Simply Succulents — The owner of this half acre nursery of 35,000 plants is a former nurse who changed her name on a road trip as a young woman to "Rella." She is a woman in love with succulents — not only as versatile and beautiful plants, but because of their water-saving properties as well. Her plants have names like Sedums, Aeoniums, and Epiphyllums. While the strange names may seem hard to grasp, Rella will be your willing guide through what she calls the wonderful world of succulents. A plant lover's paradise.
Located a mile north of the Atrium. Drive to Airport Road, make a right turn and go another half mile until you see Simply Succulents on the left.
Note: Nearby Glass Beach is a good alternative.


text:
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This gorgeous 2-story home is a rare find in Tropic Palms with NO HOA and offers over 2200 sqft of living space, with a Master Bedroom downstairs and 3 bedrooms upstairs --perfect for the kids. Laminate wood flooring downstairs, updated kitchen with granite tops and stainless steel appliances. The roof was replaced in January of 2016 with a one-time transferrable warranty good for 10 years.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 16, 1981
|Filing date
|Dec 20, 1979
|Priority date
|Feb 19, 1976
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hansjurgen Scholz, Hans-Gerd Backhaus, Luigi Brambilla
|Original Assignee
|Daimler-Benz Ag
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Referenced by (17), Classifications (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 1,165, filed Jan. 5, 1979 which is a continuation of Ser. No. 768,344, filed Feb. 14,1977.
The present invention relates to a deformation member and, more particularly, to an impact absorbing device which is constructed as hollow body and extends in the vehicle transverse direction within the impact area of the knees of the driver and of the passenger seated alongside the driver of a motor vehicle, especially of a passenger motor vehicle, which possesses on the side facing the vehicle leg space, a rounded-off cross-sectional profile.
Such a deformation member which in the case of an impact prevents, together with the known retention system, a submerging of the passenger into the foot or leg space, is known from the German Offenlegungsschrift 2,151,599. It is possible by a corresponding fashioning and dimensioning of the body preferably consisting of sheet metal to keep the forces necessary for the deformation within a predetermined limit precluding injuries. However, disadvantageous with such hollow sheet metal bodies is their relatively high weight, since for purposes of catching and decelerating the knees, as a rule only a slight depth dimension exists, which leads to relatively high material thicknesses of the deformation member. From this fact a further disadvantage can be deduced since such sheet metal members have a relatively hard surface. For that reason, in case of an impact, it cannot be precluded with certainty that at least at the beginning of the deformation phase, the maximum permissible load of the knee area will be exceeded for a short period of time.
It is the aim of the present invention to indicate an approach, by means of which injuries of the knees are precluded with certainty during each phase of the impact.
Consequently, a deformation member constructed as hollow body, extending in the vehicle transverse direction and arranged within the impact area of the knees of the drive and of the co-driver of a motor vehicle, especially of a passenger motor vehicle, is proposed which has a rounded-off cross-sectional profile on the side facing of the vehicle leg space, whereby according to the present invention the impact-engaging surface of the deformation member is equipped with only a locally yielding structure. A lateral sliding-off of the knees is precluded thereby by the local indenting combined with a high absorption capacity.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least the impact-engaging surface of the deformation member has a shape undulated in the manner of a corrugated tube. The thus-created grooves are locally pulled plain or smooth in case of an impact under energy absorption.
However, it is also possible that the impact-engaging surface forms the cover layer of a deformation zone realized in the manner of a sandwich construction. A relatively thick elastic, synthetic resinous layer may adjoin this cover layer, which is mounted on the deformation base body. This construction produces a distribution of the load over a larger surface so that the material strength and thickness of the base body can be correspondingly reduced.
A reduction of the material thickness of the hollow body walls is also made possible if by application of laterally arranged covers, an altogether gas-tight closed-off hollow space is created. During the immersion of the knees into the deformation member, the interior pressure thereof increases, as a result of which an increased load capacity is established.
It is additionally of advantage if the hollow space is filled with a gas that is under an atmospheric excess pressure. As a result thereof, the load capacity component produced by the interior pressure increases, which under certain prerequisites leads to a better utilization of the available deformation path.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excess pressure is built up only during the triggering of a sensor responding to certain criteria. If the triggering threshold of the sensor is thereby determined correspondingly, then it is possible to construct the hollow body relatively soft and to achieve a particularly soft immersion of the knee at low impact velocities. The interior pressure increases only at higher impact velocities and with a triggered sensor owing to the inflowing gas, and as a result thereof, the load capacity of the hollow body increases correspondingly. One obtains as a result of these measures an automatic adaptation of the knee protection to the accident gravity.
It is possible according to a further feature of the present invention to conduct the gases back through a channel disposed outside of the impact engaging surface, which is provided with openings directed toward the hollow space and adapted to be closed, for example, by a check valve flap of flexible material.
It may thereby be of advantage to form the channel by a partition wall extending inside of the hollow space or to mount the channel externally on the deformation member.
Finally, it is also possible, especially on the co-driver side, to provide the channel with openings directed toward the head space of the vehicle, through which the gas passes over in case of need into an inflatable bag serving for the catching and absorbing of the upper body of a passenger.
In order that the interior pressure cannot increase uncontrollably, it is advantageous to decrease the same in a predetermined manner after reaching a predetermined value by way of at least one discharge opening. This discharge opening might be closed off, for example, during the normal driving operation by a conventional bursting diaphragm.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a deformation member arranged within the impact area of the knees of the driver and co-driver in a motor vehicle, which avoids by simple means the aforementioned shortcomings and drawbacks encountered in the prior art.
Another object of the present invention resides in a deformation member arranged within the impact area of the knees of the driver and co-driver of a passenger motor vehicle, which eliminates the need for relatively great material thicknesses on the part of the deformation member and for a relatively great weight thereof.
A further object of the present invention resides in a deformation member arranged within the impact area of the knees within a motor vehicle, especially in a passenger motor vehicle, which assures with certainty that the maximum permissive loads of the knee area are not exceeded at any time during the deformation phase.
A still further object of the present invention resides in a deformation member of the type described above, by means of which injuries of the knees of the driver and of the passenger seated alongside the driver are avoided during every phase of the impact.
Another object of the present invention resides in a deformation member of the type described above which permits the use of reduced material thicknesses as regards the hollow body walls of the deformation member, yet enables a better utilization of the available deformation path.
Still another object of the present invention resides in a deformation member arranged within the impact area of the knees of a passenger motor vehicle which permits an automatic adaptation of the knee protection to the seriousness of the accident.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing which shows, for purposes of illustration only, several embodiments in accordance with the present invention, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic cross-sectional view through a deformation member according to the present invention which is constructed as corrugated tubing;
FIG. 2 is a somewhat schematic simplified plan view on the deformation member according to FIG. 1 prior to the occurrence of a deformation;
FIG. 3 is a somewhat schematic simplified plan view on the deformation member according to FIG. 1 during a knee impact;
FIG. 4 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view through a modified deformation member in accordance with the present invention with an impact zone constructed according to the sandwich principle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view through an overall installation of a deformation member equipped with an integrated gas-conduction channel according to the present invention within a motor vehicle; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5 of a modified embodiment of a deformation member in a motor vehicle provided with a channel mounted on the deformation member.
Referring now to the drawing wherein like reference numerals are used throughout the various views to designate like parts, the deformation member 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a corrugated or undulated construction and is closed off against the outside in a gas-tight manner by laterally arranged covers 2 (FIG. 1). An impact-engaging surface generally designated by reference numeral 3--indicated also in FIGS. 2 and 3--which represents a part of the deformation member 1, is disposed opposite the knees 4 of a passenger (not shown). In case of an impact, the knees 4 plunge or immerse according to FIG. 3 into the deformation body 1 which is thereby locally pressed-in under energy absorption, whereby the corrugated or undulated structure flattens out.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the impact-engaging surface generally designated by reference numeral 3 is formed by the cover layer 5 of a deformation zone constructed according to the sandwich principle, whereby a relatively thick impact-distribution-layer 6 adjoins the cover layer 5.
The arrangement of a deformation member 1 according to the present invention in a passenger motor vehicle, not illustrated in detail, is shown in FIG. 5. The deformation member generally designated by reference numeral 1 which is secured at a fixed vehicle part (not shown) by means of a bracket 8, within the impact area of the knees 4 in the lower section of the instrument panel 7, includes a partition wall 10 inside of its hollow space 9, by means of which a channel 11 is produced. Propellant gases can be introduced into this channel from a pressure medium source in case of a danger, for example, triggered by a sensor, whereby the propellant gases pass over into the hollow space 9 through openings 12.
These gases may be used thereby at the same time for unfolding a bag 13 on the co-driver side, which inflates in the direction toward the head space and which catches and absorbs the chest-and head-area of the passenger, when the outer cover of the deformation member 1 includes openings 14 arranged correspondingly. Since the pressure in the bag 13 is to be controllably reduced; whereas the pressure in the hollow space 9 is not intended to be reduced as a rule, a check valve flap 15 is provided which closes automatically the openings 12 after the pressure build-up.
The embodiment according to FIG. 6 corresponds far-reachingly to that according to FIG. 5 so that the same reference numerals are used for similar parts. In contrast to the integrated channel 11 in FIG. 5, the channel 11 according to FIG. 6 is mounted on the deformation member 1.
The subject matter of the present invention is not limited only to the application thereof in the illustrated and described embodiments. For example, it would also be possible to provide a gas inlet at an end face of the knee protection.
While we have shown and described several embodiments in accordance with the present invention, it is understood that the same is not limited thereto but is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications as known to those skilled in the art, and we therefore do not wish to be limited to the details shown and described herein but intend to cover all such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 22, 1919
|Feb 17, 1920
|Robert Henry Davis
|Oct 22, 1928
|Aug 13, 1929
|Cameron Spear
|Dec 31, 1956
|Dec 10, 1963
|Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp
|Cushioning structure of fibrous glass
|Aug 23, 1967
|Feb 4, 1969
|Eaton Yale & Towne
|Safety device
|May 2, 1966
|Apr 22, 1969
|Ford Motor Co
|Safety instrument panel
|Dec 2, 1969
|Feb 1, 1972
|Forshee Lloyd T
|Auto and aircraft safety liners
|Feb 13, 1970
|Feb 15, 1972
|Gen Motors Corp
|Vehicle occupant restraint system
|Oct 2, 1972
|Jan 8, 1974
|Gen Motors Corp
|Occupant restraint system
|Jan 17, 1972
|Feb 19, 1974
|Uniroyal Ag
|Passive restraint system for vehicle occupants
|Dec 15, 1971
|Jun 18, 1974
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Shock-absorbing front-wall for motor vehicles
|Mar 7, 1974
|Mar 30, 1976
|Volkswagenwerk Ag.
|Impact-element for the protection of the occupant of a vehicle
|Jul 9, 1971
|Jul 13, 1976
|Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft
|Safety steering for motor vehicle
|Aug 22, 1974
|Aug 10, 1976
|The Boeing Company
|Projectile energy absorbing protective barrier
|Jan 31, 1975
|Sep 7, 1976
|Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft
|Safety device having a contoured energy absorbing impact element
|May 23, 1975
|Dec 28, 1976
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Autoclavable, corrugated, respiratory care tubing
|Feb 9, 1976
|Sep 27, 1977
|Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft
|Safety steering column for passenger motor vehicles
|Apr 13, 1973
|Oct 24, 1974
|Roland Satzinger
|Sicherheitsvorrichtung fuer die insassen von fahrzeugen, insbesondere kraftfahrzeugen
|Jul 14, 1973
|Jan 30, 1975
|Volkswagenwerk Ag
|Plastisch deformierbares rueckhalteelement
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 11, 1986
|Jan 26, 1988
|Breed Corporation
|Elastically restoring knee bolster for motor vehicles
|Mar 1, 1989
|Jun 19, 1990
|Marinus Huisman
|Knee restraining device
|Sep 6, 1990
|Mar 24, 1992
|Automotive Technologies International Inc.
|Padding to reduce injuries in automobile accidents
|Nov 8, 1993
|Aug 29, 1995
|Davidson Textron Inc.
|Collapsing arm rest construction
|Aug 23, 1995
|Oct 15, 1996
|Chrysler Corporation
|Instrument panel assembly
|Jan 13, 1999
|Jul 25, 2000
|Ohtsuka Co., Ltd.
|Absorbing body and a combination of an absorbing body and vehicle body parts
|Apr 16, 1999
|Jan 30, 2001
|William J. Hennessey
|Head impact energy absorbing sun visor pivot rod elbow cover
|Apr 25, 2000
|Feb 26, 2002
|Forshungszentrum Mulich Gmbh
|(Bio)chemical reagent solid phases, process for their production and their applications
|Jan 9, 1997
|Mar 19, 2002
|Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh
|(Bio)chemical reagent solid phases, process for their production and their applications
|Mar 1, 2001
|Oct 29, 2002
|Autoliv Asp, Inc.
|Inflatable knee airbag
|Jan 22, 2001
|Dec 17, 2002
|William J. Hennessey
|Head impact energy absorbing sun visor pivot rod connection interface cover
|Sep 9, 2002
|Sep 2, 2003
|William J. Hennessey
|Head impact energy absorbing sun visor pivot rod connection interface cover
|May 9, 2002
|Mar 16, 2004
|Lpc Acquisitions Llc
|Energy absorber
|Jul 14, 2003
|Sep 28, 2004
|William J. Hennessey
|Head impact energy absorbing sun visor pivot rod connection interface cover
|Jul 14, 2003
|Jan 22, 2004
|Hennessey William J.
|Head impact energy absorbing sun visor pivot rod connection interface cover
|Jan 29, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Intier Automotive Inc.
|Headliner with integrally-molded energy distribution zone
|Jun 30, 2006
|Jan 11, 2007
|Inventus Engineering Gmbh
|Steering column with impact energy absorbing device
|U.S. Classification
|280/740, 280/751
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 3, 2012
|Filing date
|Nov 1, 2005
|Priority date
|Nov 1, 2005
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Lester Ortiz, Geoff Lyon, Salil Pradhan, Vinay Deolalikar, Alipio Caban
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (6), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Products sold to customers are often sent through a series of intermediate points between the original source, such as a manufacturer, and the customers, who may buy the products from a retailer. Products may include food items, pharmaceutical drugs or other products, including products of manufacture. These products may be sold to a customer through a grocery store, a pharmacy, a department store or other type of retailer.
Counterfeited products may enter the supply chain to the customer at any number of different points in the supply chain. For example, a wholesaler may receive counterfeit goods which it passes on to a retailer, or directly to the customer.
Because of the possibility of spoofing, where a counterfeiter copies the packaging of the product, manufacturers often attempt to prevent entry of counterfeit products into the marketplace by protecting the packages. Some approaches that manufacturers have used to make it difficult for counterfeiters include the use of holograms or three dimensional printing on packages. For example, a hologram of a company's logo is placed on a package so a customer buying the product knows that the product is from the company and is not a counterfeit. These approaches provide some deterrence; however, counterfeiting has become very sophisticated so that it is has become more difficult for manufacturers to provide product packaging that cannot be replicated by counterfeiters of the product.
A package identifier for a package having at least one sub-package is generated. A package identifier generating function is performed on at least one sub-package identifier of at least one sub-package to generate the package identifier. In addition, the generated package identifier is stored for use in authentication.
Features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description with reference to the figures, in which:
For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the principles of the embodiments are described by referring mainly to examples thereof. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. It will be apparent however, to one of ordinary skill in the art, that the embodiments may be practiced without limitation to these specific details. In other instances, well known methods and structures have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the embodiments.
A system for authenticating packages having at least one sub-package is described herein. In the system, a package identifier may be generated based on the at least one sub-package of the packages. In addition, the package identifier may be stored at least one of on the package and on a server for authentication. In one embodiment, the at least one sub-package may include a sub-package identifier, which may be read from the at least one sub-package at an origination point of a supply chain. In this embodiment, a package identifier generating function may be performed on the at least one sub-package identifier to generate the package identifier. The package identifier generating function may be repeated by users at destination points of the supply chain to, for instance, modify the package identifier as the contents in the package change. In addition, authentication may be performed by comparing the package identifier generated by the users and the stored package identifier.
As used throughout the present disclosure, a "package" may refer to an individual container, a carton, a pallet, or any type of receptacle for products on which identification information may be stored.
In the system 100, a user system 130 may send package information regarding features of a package to be authenticated to a server system 120 via the network 110. The package information may be input into the user system 120 by using a reader, manually typing information, or any other known procedure for manually or automatically inputting data into a computer system. The reader may include any type of a reader for reading information, including any reasonably suitable type of scanner (such as a bar code scanner), a radio frequency identification ("RFID") tag reader, etc.
The user system 130 may submit the package information to the server system 120 through a website administered by the server system 120. The server system 120 compares the received information to information stored in a database 122. The server system 120 also transmits a message indicating that the package is authentic or informing the user system 130 that the package may not be authentic via the network 110. The message transmitted by the server system 120 may include a message sent to the user's browser or an email or other type of message, including facsimiles. In other embodiments, the user system may submit the package information through a non web based user interface to the server system 120.
The system 100 may be used to authenticate any type of product at any point of a supply chain, from the manufacturer to the customer. As an example,
The repackager/wholesaler 218 may sell the pharma products to closed-door pharmacies 226. The closed door pharmacies 226 sell the pharma products to institutions 222, such as hospitals, nursing homes or hospices. The PMF 212 may also directly provide pharma products to the closed-door pharmacies 226.
Problems with counterfeit goods may arise with a network of secondary wholesalers 216. Some of the pharma products received by the repackager/wholesalers 218 or closed-door pharmacies 226 may end up at the secondary wholesalers 216, who may sell the pharma products at highly discounted prices to pharmacies 224. The secondary wholesalers 216 may also sell some of the pharma products to the wholesalers 214.
Due to the number of entities handling the pharma products as they progress through the supply chain, pharmacies 224 and institutions 222 may receive counterfeit pharma products. For example, secondary wholesalers 216 may receive counterfeit products, which the secondary wholesalers 216 may sell to pharmacies 224 or wholesalers 214, introducing the counterfeit products into the supply chain. Counterfeit pharma products may include, for instance, pharma products that have been reimported into the country from abroad, pharma products that have expired (but the expiry dates have been changed on the packaging), or pharma products not manufactured by the PMF 212 that are packaged in packaging designed to spoof the packaging of actual pharma products.
The authentication system 100 in
An outer package label 314 may be affixed to the outer package 302. In addition, an inner package label 312 may be affixed to each inner package 304-307 contained within the outer package 302. Each of the items 308 may also have a label 316 affixed to it. Thus, the example illustrated in
For example, each item 308 may include an item package identifier store 322. Each inner package 304-307 may include an inner package identifier store 324. Each outer package 302 may include an outer package identifier store 326. Although each package identifier store 322, 324, 326 is shown on a label, the package identifier stores may be affixed at various other suitable locations on the packages 302, 304-308 without departing from a scope of the package 302 depicted in
As shown in
One or more of the box identifiers B1-BN may be input into a second function F2. The application of the second function F2 to the one or more box identifiers B1-BN may generate an outer package identifier, such as a package identifier P1. The package identifier P1 may be generated using the function F2 on one or more the box identifiers B1-BN within the outer package 302. The package identifier P1 may be printed on, encoded within, or otherwise incorporated within the outer package 302, such as by storage of the package identifier P1 in the outer package identifier store 326.
One or both of the first function F1 and the second function F2 may include at least one of a one-way function and an XOR function. A one-way function is a mathematical function or computational algorithm that allows for computation of a next value, such as B1, in a sequence of values by using one or more current values, such as I1-IN, in the sequence of values as an argument, or parameter, to the function or computational algorithm. However, it is mathematically and/or computationally intractable to determine from the next value, such as B1, the current value(s), such as I1-IN, from which the next value was generated using the one-way function. A well known one-way function includes data encryption standard ("DES").
Many hash functions are also examples of one-way functions. Hash functions generally allow a large number of numeric or textual values to be mapped onto a smaller number of hash chains. The hash function produces a unique hash-chain for any given number or text string, but many different numbers or text strings may be hashed to the same hash chain or hash bucket. Therefore, while the hash function reliably maps numeric or textural values to their corresponding hash chains, it is generally not possible, based on the identity of the hash chain, to deduce the numeric or textual value mapped to the hash chain by the hash function. As such, a package identifier generated through application of a hash function on one or more sub-package identifiers is relatively difficult or impossible to decipher without having the required information.
In some embodiments, the first function F1 and the second function F2 may include the same function. In addition, one or both of the first function F1 and the second function F2 may be applied at any point of the supply chain 200 at which products are packaged or repackaged.
If the first function F1 and the second function F2 are applied at a point in the supply chain where the products are repackaged, each function may be applied using one or more of the inner level identifiers or using the stored package identifiers and one or more of the inner level identifiers that have been removed. For example, if an item 308 corresponding to item identifier I3 has been removed, the box identifier B1 may be generated using one or more of I1, I2 and I4-IN. Alternatively, the box identifier B1 may be generated using B1 and I3. By way of example, if the first function F1 is an XOR function, an XOR function may be performed first on B1 and I3. If the result of the XOR function on B1 and I3, for example B′1, is the same as B1, the box identifier B1 need not be changed. If, however, the XOR function indicates that B1 and B′1 are not the same, the modified box identifier B′1 may be stored in the identifier store to replace the stored box identifier B1. Thus the modified box identifier B′1 would replace the box identifier B1. The package identifier P1 may also be generated and replaced in similar manners.
The package identifier providing system 500 may include an origination reading module 510 and an origination identifier generating module 520. The origination reading module 510 and the origination identifier generating module 520 may be located at the PMF 212 or any other point of the supply chain shown in shown in
The origination reading module 510 may include a scanning device or other reading device. At the origination reading module 510, information affixed to packages may be read. For instance, sub-package identifiers 512 may be read from identifier stores of sub-packages of a package. For example, one or more of the item identifiers I1-IN, as shown in
In one example, the package identifier 522 may be stored in an identifier store 530 for use in authentication. The package identifier 522 may be stored in an identifier store 530, which may include an indicator, such as, a label, printed material, etc., configured to be affixed on the package 302. In addition, or alternatively, the identifier store 530 may include a database at a server system, such as the database 122 shown in
If the identifier store 530 includes an indicator, the package identifier 522 may be affixed using any reasonably suitable affixing method. For example, the package identifier 522 may be affixed using a printing proces, a label, a RFID tag or an embedded microprocessor, an electronic substrate or some active electronic device with memory capabilities and internal power used to store the encrypted information until it is further accessed for authentication at some other point of the supply chain.
By way of example, the package identifier 522 may be stored in the inner package identifier store 324 (
If the package identifier 522 comprises an RFID tag, the RFID tag may use radio frequency technology to transmit information stored in the RFID tag. For example, the RFID tag may include an integrated circuit and an antenna. The RFID tag preferably includes a passive RFID tag (not using an internal power source such as a battery). However, an active RFID tag (using an internal power source, such as a battery) may be used. The RFID tag may be read by a RFID reader (not shown). In operation, the RFID reader may generate a magnetic field for interrogating the tag using an antenna, which may include an inductive element. The magnetic field induces an energizing signal for powering the RFID tag via the antenna. When powered, the RFID tag generates a signal that may include information associated with the inner package 304-307. The signal is modulated using a known modulation scheme and transmitted to the RFID reader.
The RFID tag employed as the package identifier 522 may be read or written to from distances of up to 20 feet, and is not required to be in the line of sight of the RFID reader to be read. For example, the object causing the loss of the line of sight may allow radio waves to pass through the object, such as plastic or paper objects. The RFID tag may be affixed onto the package prior to, during, or after a process of printing information on the material used to form the package or on material affixed to the package, such as the label 312. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that instead of a RFID tag, other techniques may be used for storing the package identifier 522 on the inner package 304-307, such as bar code, variable color text, color lines, fingerprint patterns, color tiles, microtext, and other printed patterns with encoded information and other types of printed mediums. Also, tags other than radio frequency, and other storage mediums that may be affixed to or may be included in the inner package 304-307 may be used.
The destination reading module 540 operates in a manner similar to the origination reading module 510 (
At the destination identifier generating module 550, a derived package identifier 552 may be generated for the package. For example, a box identifier B1, as shown in
At the authentication module 560, the derived package identifier 552 may be compared to the stored package identifier 522. The authentication module 560 may generate an authentication indication 562. For example, if the derived package identifier 552 matches the stored package identifier 522, the authentication indication 562 will include an indication that the package is authentic.
In some embodiments, the authentication module 560 may present the derived package identifier 552 to the server system 120 through the user system 130 for authentication. Thus, the comparison of the derived package identifier to the stored package identifier 522 may be performed by the server system 120. The user system 130 may submit the derived package identifier 552 to the server through a website administered by the server system 120. In other embodiments, the user system 130 may submit the derived package identifier 552 through a nonweb-based user interface accessing the server system 120.
At step 620, the generated package identifier, such as package identifier 522, may be stored for use in authentication. Storage of the generated package identifier 522 may include at least one of affixing of the generated package identifier to the package and storing of the generated package identifier in a server database, such as the server database 122 shown in
The method 600 of providing a package identifier may further include performing a package identifier modifying function after one or more sub-packages of the package are removed. The package identifier modifying function may include performing the package identifier modifying function using the one or more sub-package identifiers of the removed one or more sub-packages and the stored package identifier. In some embodiments, the package identifier modifying function may be the same as the package identifier generating function.
The modified package identifier may be stored such that the modified package identifier replaces the stored package identifier in the event that the modified package identifier is not the same as the stored package identifier. In another embodiment, the stored package identifier may be replaced with the modified package identifier, without determining whether the modified package identifier matches the stored package identifier, so that the modified package identifier automatically replaces the stored package identifier.
At step 720, the package 302 may be authenticated using the derived package identifier 552. In one embodiment, the derived package identifier 552 for the outermost package may be used to authenticate the package. In other embodiments, the derived package identifiers 552 for each level of a package may be used to authenticate the package 302.
Authentication of the package 302 may include a comparison of the derived package identifier 552 for the package to the stored package identifier 522 for the package. The authentication may be performed in one or both of the user system 130 and the server system 120, shown in
In another example, the server system 120, as shown in
The authentication method may also include transmission by the server system 120 of authentication information to the user system 130 based on a comparison of the derived package identifier 552 and the stored package identifier 522. For example, if the received derived package identifier 552 matches a stored package identifier 522, the server system 120 may transmit a message to the user system 130 indicating that the received derived package identifier 552 is an authentic package. If the derived package identifier 552 does not match a stored package identifier 522, the server system 120 may transmit a message to the user system 130 indicating that the derived package identifier 552 is not an authentic package. The message may include a facsimile, an email or a message displayed on a web page viewable in a web browser of the user system 130, where the web page is part of a website administered by the server system 120. In other embodiments, the message may be displayed on a non-web based user interface.
Referring to
A user interfaces with the computer system 800 with one or more input devices 818, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a stylus, and the like and a display 820. A network interface 830 is provided for communicating with other computer systems. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that
One or more of the steps of the operations shown in
It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other known electronic components may be added or substituted in the computer system 800. In addition, the computer system 800 may include a system board or blade used in a rack in a data center, a conventional "white box" server or computing device, etc. Also, one or more of the components in
What has been described and illustrated herein is an embodiment along with some of its variations. The terms, descriptions and figures used herein are set forth by way of illustration only and are not meant as limitations. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations are possible within the spirit and scope of the subject matter, which is intended to be defined by the following claims—and their equivalents—in which all terms are meant in their broadest reasonable sense unless otherwise indicated.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 23, 1999
|Mar 12, 2002
|Sensormatic Electronics Corporation
|System and method for finding a specific RFID tagged article located in a plurality of RFID tagged articles
|Dec 16, 1999
|Dec 17, 2002
|Samsys Technologies Inc.
|Method and system for tracking clustered items
|Aug 21, 2000
|Jan 17, 2006
|Zvi Or-Bach
|System and method for amalgamating multiple shipping companies using reusable containers and wide area networks
|Mar 5, 2003
|Feb 6, 2007
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|RFID tag, and RFID tag-related determining device and method, and management system and method
|Mar 13, 2000
|Oct 2, 2007
|Zvi Or-Bach
|System and method for consolidated shipping and receiving using reusable containers
|Nov 12, 2001
|May 15, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Radio frequency identification systems for asset tracking
|Nov 27, 2002
|Aug 21, 2003
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Quality management and intelligent manufacturing with labels and smart tags in event-based product manufacturing
|Dec 4, 2002
|Jun 10, 2004
|Black Charles Ronald
|RFID space monitoring and asset inventory system
|Mar 29, 2005
|Oct 20, 2005
|Netc, L.L.C.
|Label making apparatus and method
|Jun 20, 2005
|Apr 27, 2006
|Symbol Technologies, Inc.
|Method, system, and apparatus for a radio frequency identification (RFID) waveguide for reading items in a stack
|Sep 22, 2005
|Mar 22, 2007
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Pallet content identification mechanism that converts RFID information to corresponding barcode information
|Dec 7, 2006
|May 31, 2007
|T3C Inc.
|Apparatus and method for authenticating products
|Aug 25, 2006
|Jun 21, 2007
|Muirhead Scott A
|RFID tracking system for storing and retrieving data
|RFID Update: Global standards for supply chain. Packaging Magazine , p. 18 May 5, 2005.
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 1, 2005
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ORTIZ, LESTER;LYON, GEOFF;PRADHAN, SALIL;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051013 TO 20051026;REEL/FRAME:017180/0110
|Oct 23, 2012
|Certificate of correction
|Aug 14, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 3, 2016
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 23, 2016
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20160103


text:
On today's LIVE WITH KELLY, John Lithgow talks about the Broadway scene in the 1970s and 80s and shares the moment he knew he wanted to become an actor. (more...)
This Halloween, Riot Act will be presenting artistic director Whit Hertford's new take on Dracula. This nü-gothic play, Lunatic, examines the roots of psychotherapy through the secluded sessions between alienist Dr John Seward and his patient R.M. Renfield of Bram Stoker's classic novel. (more...)
The full cast is announced for the final production in the Coronet's spring season, DEATHWATCH, from April 11 to May 7. This new Print Room production of Jean Genet's powerful and provocative first play, in a translation by David Rudkin, marks its first major revival in almost 30 years. Deathwatch stars Danny Lee Wynter, Joseph Quinn, Tom Varey and Emma Naomi, and is directed by Geraldine Alexander, who received critical acclaim for the direction of her own play, Amygdala, at The Print Room's former space in 2013. The Coronet is also working with playwright David Rudkin on complementary activity around the production. (more...)
LIFT has travelled the world to curate a very special playlist of performances, politics and pop-culture for London, so go on - press play. (more...)
Midway through its first season producing on two stages, Park Square Theatre shows no sign of slowing down with its 2015-2016 theatre season. In addition to a range of area and regional premieres, the company is commissioning two brand new works - one for each stage - from Joel Sass (Great Expectations) and Christina Ham and Regina Marie Williams (Nina Simone: Four Women). The line-up also includes the first Midwest licensed production of an ingenious miniature musical that will delight mystery lovers, two family-friendly holiday treats, and new productions by two of Park Square's Theatres in Residence, Sandbox Theatre and Theatre Pro Rata. The season will conclude with a flash of mature flesh as nine leading actresses bare all in Calendar Girls by Tom Firth. (more...)
Metal Rabbit Productions, in association with Old Red Lion Theatre, presents Lardo by Mike Stone at the Old Red Lion Theatre, 418 St John Street, London EC1V 4NJ. The production runs tonight 3rd March - Saturday 28th March 2015. Press Night: Thursday 5th March, 7.30pm. (more...)
There's a tsunami happening out there - people are clamouring for Lardo - it's Lardomania and yer won't be able to hold out for much longer. (more...)
Metal Rabbit Productions, in association with Old Red Lion Theatre, present Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, adapted by Neil Bartlett. Performances run at the Old Red Lion Theatre, 418 St John Street, London EC1V 4NJ, tonight 10th December 2014 through Saturday 3rd January 2015. Press Night: Saturday 13th December 2014, 9.30pm. (more...)
OSGi Developer Certification proves IT professional and developer
expertise and experience with OSGi technology and OSGi specifications
and provides employers with confirmation of an employee's or prospective
employee's OSGi qualifications. (more...)
D.E.M. Productions presents Philip Ridley's critically acclaimed play in a bold new interpretation by director Max Barton. This new production of Piranha Heights follows the recent revival of Ridley's Ghost From A Perfect Place (Arcola, September 2014). Piranha Heights also launches Stewart Pringle's first season as artistic director at the iconic Old Red Lion Theatre. (more...)
Get ready to get cosy in the beautiful surroundings of the Citizens' Victorian auditorium and enjoy a magical and spine-tingling theatrical telling of the most festive tale of them all: A Christmas Carol. Citizens Theatre Artistic Director Dominic Hill directs a new production of Neil Bartlett's adaptation from 29 November 2014 until 3 January 2015, suitable for the whole family from 6+ who are looking for something a little different from the usual festive offering. (more...)
Metal Rabbit Productions, in association with Old Red Lion Theatre, present Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, adapted by Neil Bartlett. Performances run at the Old Red Lion Theatre, 418 St John Street, London EC1V 4NJ, Wednesday 10th December 2014 through Saturday 3rd January 2015. Press Night: Saturday 13th December 2014, 9.30pm. (more...)
Winners of last year's 'Best Venue' award at Brighton Fringe 2014, The Marlborough Theatre, are now welcoming applications to their programme for next year. (more...)
Theatre of Europe, a new UK producing company programming Europe's most innovative theatre directors in the English language, today announced the first artists with whom it will be working on six new productions. (more...)
Ch-ch-ch-changes... The gay men who dance to David Bowie in the 1994 hit comedy My Night With Reg could not have predicted that 20 years later lesbians and gay men would be getting married. To accompany the Donmar's critically acclaimed revival of Kevin Elyot's landmark play, David Benedict, chief London critic of Variety, asks lesbian and gay cultural figures what has changed onstage and off? (more...)
Today, at a press conference in Edinburgh, Director Jonathan Mills revealed the artists, companies and work from around the world which will fill the stages of Edinburgh's annual cultural celebration. Over 2,400 artists from 43 nations have been invited to Edinburgh to perform in the annual showcase of the world's great performing artists. (more...)
The Citizens Theatre today announces its Autumn 2014 season including: A new production of Shakespeare's Hamlet directed by Dominic Hill and starring Brian Ferguson, Roberta Taylor and Peter Guinness; Headlong's 5-star production of 1984, transferring direct from a West End run for its Scottish premiere; National Theatre of Scotland's gutsy production of In Time O' Strife, Joe Corrie's examination of a Fife mining community; Kill Johnny Glendenning, a brutal new comedy by young Scottish writer DC Jackson; and a new production of A Christmas Carol directed by Dominic Hill. (more...)
According to Jessica Walker, she spent much of her career playing trouser roles in opera and musical theatre. From her curiosity, the kernel for THE GIRL I LEFT BEHIND ME was planted. With Director and Co-Writer Neil Bartlett, Jessica Walker crafted a variety show that explores and celebrates this once loved but now almost entirely forgotten aspect of performance history. (more...)
1 2 3 4 … 10 next »
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Make Money from Home by Creating Money Pages
One of the best ways to make money from home is by getting into affiliate marketing and creating money pages to promote affiliate products. Why? I can spend one hour creating a highly converting money page sitting at home on my computer, and make passive income from it for years and years. That's why I get so pumped about the opportunities the internet allows me to have for making money from home.
But obviously it can't be that simple, or else everyone would be making money online from home, right?
Some experienced internet marketers and bloggers may have the skills to get a lot of traffic to their sites, but converting that traffic into clicking your affiliate links and making a purchase is whole different skill-set in itself. This is where a lot of marketers have problems and really have no clue on what their doing wrong.
NO Worries, I've pretty much mastered it, and I want to share with you how to make a money page, and how to make them convert at a very high ratio.
Even though at the moment I get very little traffic to most of my sites, I still make quite a lot of sales. I work on creating money pages that convert very well. As you can see the image to your left that I'm making close to 1 sale out of every 5 people who click through for that particular product, or about a 20% sales ratio. Which isn't to shabby.
I'm accomplishing that by only getting highly targeted traffic and optimizing my money page to make the most conversions that I can get. Other marketers concentrate more on getting mass amounts of traffic instead, and convert maybe 1 sale out of hundred or more clicks on their affiliate links. Which method would you rather use?
What is a Money Page?
I call them money pages because essentially that's what you create them for, to make money. But they are officially called landing pages, sales page or conversion page. It's a page that you create using content and graphics to make the visitor take action, and eventually make a purchase. You can add links, banners or graphics to your money page, or whatever works to get the visitor to do what you want them to do.
What Kind of Money Pages are There?
There are several different types of money pages to make extra money from home with including; mini niche sites, sniper sites, landing page or even creating a blog post. Basically I either write a post in one of my regular blogs and it will be a money page – meaning I'll do some type of review or recommendation on an affiliate product that I want to make money from. I'm sure you've seen this before on some of the blogs you visit.
Or, I'll create a mini site which will be on it's own domain and usually I'll just create a small blog that only has a few pages on it. The entire site will only be about one topic, and of course have an affiliate offer that is relevant with the site's niche.
Here are different styles of money pages:
- You could do a review on an affiliate offer, or even do multiple reviews on similar affiliate offers all on one page or mini site. This gives your visitors choices.
- Personal experience about something you've tried or gone through, so more like a story that leads to the affiliate offer as you're solution.
- Just write a post about topic or latest trend, not even a sales pitch at all. Just a regular blog post and then add a relevant affiliate link in it at the right place. These convert well too. When your content feels and reads like you're not trying to sale anything at all, then people let their guard down and will click on an affiliate link without even thinking about it. They may not make a purchase at the moment, but decide to on another day and you should get credited for it.
- Write a tutorial on something and add some helpful affiliate links in proper places. Works really well if you do it right.
- Write content that either is informational, helpful or answers a question, then add a relevant affiliate link in a proper place.
- Do case studies on an affiliate offer and then write what you think, and about your experience. Some people build very successful extensive sites/blogs just using this method.
- Write about a poor product and warn people not to buy it and the reasons why, then offer them an alternative that's actually a quality affiliate offer
If you didn't get this concept already, Don't make your money page look like a money page. To your visitors it should look like the answer to their problem, which it is, but you're also making passive income from it. It's a win win. So don't pick crappy affiliate offers either.
Why do Money Pages Work so Well?
It's super targeted for one specific topic or niche. So basically if anyone decides to go to your money page, then they are already interested, and it's your job to convert them into a buyer. But this means you need to get highly targeted traffic if you're going to make money from home with this method.
Steps to Creating a Money Page
1. Choose a good affiliate offer that you can make money from. I like to look for a good affiliate offer first, rather than thinking of something I want to write about first. The reason being you need to make sure there is a good affiliate offer for you to promote, or there's no reason to create a money page on that topic.
2. It's time to use the Google Keyword tool and find out exactly how many people are searching about your affiliate offer. This will allow you to know what keywords you want to go after when creating your money page. Type in the name of the product once you're at the site and make sure you check the "exact" box on the left sidebar too. Checkout how many visitors each keyword gets per month, and look at all the similar keywords below it.
You want at least a few thousand visitors on exact match for the keyword you choose. If you want to see other alternative keywords for your affiliate offer that people are searching, then type in your affiliate offer (exact name) into the google search engine and it will show you all the alternative keywords below that people are typing in. From most popular to least.
3. Now it's time to choose a great domain name and if you don't have hosting yet, you should get that now too. If you're going to use your blog and just create a post for your money page, then that will work. It's up to you if you want to create a mini niche site that will promote one affiliate offer, or just write a post on a blog that you already have.
If you are getting a domain to create a mini site, then choose something that has the affiliate product keyword that you chose to go after, in the domain name itself. This will allow you to rank much easier for it. I use wordpress.org and blogs for almost every money page, no matter what kind it is. Why? Search engines love blogs and wordpress, and you can easily make them look anyway you want. Not just in a blog format. I'm actually using Headway 3.0 for many of my simple money pages.
4. It's time to research the heck out of the affiliate offer you chose, especially if you're not familiar with it or the topic. Actually having hands on experience with the affiliate offer would definitely help you to presell it better, but isn't required. However, the more you know about the affiliate offer and the topic it's in, the better you'll be able to convert your visitors.
I always know the ins and outs of every affiliate offer I choose to make a money page for. Even if it's something I've personally used before. I will still read other people's reviews, read about it in forums, ask the owner questions, tryout their support and more. This way I have a ton of confidence and knowledge when I'm writing my money page. This in itself, the content that I'll create from this knowledge gives me crazy conversion rates.
5. Now you're ready to write your content on the topic of your affiliate offer. Remember this is a presell so don't be too forward and don't make it too robotic. The more personal and informational you make your content, the better. Visitors are coming to your money page for an answer and a solution.
If you give them what they are looking for and help them in someway, then they'll be like putty in your hands, and probably end up buying your affiliate offer. Make sure you read some of the tips below and keeping on-page seo in mind too when writing your content. Cause you're going to want to rank in the search engines for those targeted buying words.
Make sure you add some pages if it's a mini niche site. It won't look to good if it's a blog with only a couple posts on it. I write my money page posts on a blog around 800 or more words. And for a mini niche site I create at least 2 posts and add a couple pages. The pages won't be to long, but will have some helpful information around my chosen topic.
Want to see an example of a successful money page in your niche?
Just google your affiliate offer (the exact words) and you should see plenty of examples of money pages for that particular affiliate offer if you chose a popular one. You can get a good idea on how to create yours and what style seems to be working.
Don't worry about the competition. You'll get on the front page in the first spot if you did your on-page seo and put in some effort building backilinks.
6. It's time to add some graphics to make your money page look appealing, not flashy. And to get attention to certain things like your affiliate offer, you'll need to use images or graphics that they'll see instantly when landing on your page.
One vital thing you need to remember is at least 90% of your visitors aren't going to read your content word for word. Most are going to skim and see if they like your content and see if you have a solution or answer for them. That's why you should break up your content into sections so they can read what they want to quickly and easily.
7. It's time to get traffic and do some testing on how well you're money page is doing. Check for clicks on your affiliate links and images and see how many clicks it takes to make a sale. Track all of this and if you have very low ratio's then change it around. Your traffic should be highly targeted so a high percentage of your visitors should be clicking on your affiliate offer and then converting to a sale.
I'll tell you the truth. – There's many good forms of getting traffic; like social media, viral marketing, forums, blog comments, article directories, list swapping and cross marketing with other marketers, but NOTHING can beat targeted traffic from Google and Bing search engines. It converts the best.
Think about when you buy something online, what method do you and your friends normally use when you make a final purchase?
Consider those things when you're making a money page and when deciding on where you want to get your traffic.
When I create a money page, I'm going straight for the best money keyword for my affiliate offer on the front page of the search engines. I use social bookmarking and articles and etc… but they're more for backlinks to my money page, not intended to convert that traffic to a sale.
Tips to Increase Your Conversions on Your Money Pages
- Don't make your money page to salesy. People on the internet are much more savvy than they use to be and can smell your intentions a mile away. They'll leave instantly and never comeback.
- Look at your competitors for examples and ideas. The best way is to Google your main keyword or exact words of your affiliate offer. The one's on the first spots on the first page probably know what they're doing.
- Keep testing different formats, graphics, content, links and different positions or placements of your links and graphics
- Sometimes simplicity is better than the professional polished look
- take chances and risks and be creative or you'll never discover new things that will work or be innovative
- look for coupons and discounts, or contact support and ask for one for your affiliate offer
- choose affiliate offers that have a free trial, I always capitalize on this and make it well visible
- use graphics and videos
- I rarely ever use the original banners, create some of your own and test them
- don't make your site look flashy
- don't have a ton of affiliate links all over your content, usually i put one near the top of content, middle and at the end
- show the benefits of your affiliate offer
- show testimonials for your affiliate offer either in the middle of content or on sidebar
- instead of using the words- click here -for your affiliate link, I like choosing words that build interest or lead to more information on the affiliate offer like (watch video here) I would turn those words into a link, it will get a much better CTR
- always deliver what your visitors are looking for and that will lead to very high conversions
Do some experimenting around with creating money pages for affiliate offers, and you'll soon get the hang of it, and will be able to make money from home just about whenever you want too, passively.


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Weekend DUI Patrols on Salt River Reservation Near Scottsdale; Next Week in Phoenix, Gilbert
Drunk driving is bad.
With that out of the way, here's where police will be setting up "saturation patrols" around the Valley, looking for impaired drivers this weekend and early next week:
We'll provide the (very lengthy) list of DUI patrols next week for July 4 and the ensuing weekend, so here are all the patrols in the Valley leading up to that:
- From 7 p.m. to 3:30 a.m. today, Saturday, and again starting on Wednesday, the Salt River Police Department will be at Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community/Scottsdale border, around the Walmart at Pima Road and Chaparral Road.
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- On Wednesday, the Phoenix Police Department will have six different locations for its patrols, many of them based in QT convenience-store parking lots, from 8 p.m. to 4 a.m.
- On Wednesday, the Gilbert Police Department will be near the Gilbert/Chandler border, with a patrol from 6 p.m. to 2 a.m. southeast of the intersection of Gilbert Road and Williams Field Road.
- Outside the Valley: Gila River Police will be having patrols in an undisclosed location in the Gila River Indian Community on Friday and Saturday, and police will be at the World's Oldest Rodeo and Prescott Frontier Days in Prescott for the whole week, from Monday through next Sunday (July 7).
I-17 and Thunderbird:
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16th Street and Highland
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40th Street and Greenway
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All of Central City Village
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Central Avenue and Elwood
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51st Avenue and I-10:
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The generalized spanning tree or group Steiner problem (GSP) is a generalization of the Steiner problem in graphs (SPG): one requires a tree spanning (at least) one vertex of each subset, given in a family of vertex subsets, while minimizing the sum of the corresponding edge costs. Specialized solution procedures have been developed for this problem. In… (More)