text:
Pro Humorous voice acting by Stephen Merchant
Stephen Merchant (Extras, The Office UK, Life's Too Short) voices the character of Wheatley the robot in humorous fashion.
Pro Larger in scope than the first title
Portal 2 is larger in every way when compared to the first title, from the longer and more detailed story to the larger levels and new game mechanics.
Pro Both online co-op and local co-op
It is possible to play a multiplayer game for free online using the Steam servers, as well as locally on your machine using split-screen (the second player must use a gamepad controller if playing locally).
Half-Life 2 (and episodes)···
Gordon Freeman didn't choose the crowbar, the crowbar chose him! After the events of Half Life, Gordon Freeman,PHD in Physics and professional Box Pusher, gets whisked away by the G-Man to City 17, a city overtaken by an oppressive regime called the Combine. Join Gordon along with freedom fighter Alyx Vance to fight headcrabs and former co-workers in Half Life 2 (and Ep 1 & 2 but not 3).
Pro Great Sci-Fi story
Aliens, portals to other dimensions, oppressive regimes, oh my! This game brings a great flavor of dystopian sci-fi as you fight part of the rebel cause to deliver justice with your Gravity Gun to the many species afflicted by the evil Combine. Also Half Life ties in somehow with the Portal series...
Pro Guns are varied and interesting
Almost every gun is fun to shoot and is distinct. The crossbow is super awesome for it's power and the gravity gun offers variety in puzzles and what you can shoot with. Want to hit someone with an explosive barrel? Pick it up and throw it with the gravity gun!
Pro Amazing character animation
When Half Life 2 came out it set the bar super high for character animation that still rivals some games today.
Gordon Freeman didn't choose the crowbar, the crowbar chose him! After the events of Half Life, Gordon Freeman,PHD in Physics and professional Box Pusher, gets whisked away by the G-Man to City 17, a city overtaken by an oppressive regime called the Combine. Join Gordon along with freedom fighter Alyx Vance to fight headcrabs and former co-workers in Half Life 2 (and Ep 1 & 2 but not 3).
Mirror's Edge···
While you can kill people in the game, it's very possible to complete it without hurting anyone, and you're encouraged not to. There's even an achievement for not killing anyone.
Pro Unique, minimalistic art-style
Mirror's Edge is set in a world where a totalitarian government runs a city and tries to eliminate anything that stands out, such as the free-running protagonist. The levels are created minimalistic, mostly white with aggressively contrasting primary colors, to represent the oppressive nature...
Pro Great soundtrack
The soundtrack's spacious ambient texture coupled with electronic beats and synthetic sounds supplement the game's otherworldly, contrasting setting. The complete soundtrack is available with the purchase of the game.
Pro Innovative, parkour-inspired, first-person platforming with excellent sense of motion
The game's core mechanic is about traversing levels using wall-jumps, rolls and slides without losing momentum. It does a great job of creating a fluid sense of motion that you have complete control over.
Bioshock Infinite···
Bioshock Infinite is an FPS with RPG elements and a strong focus on story, atmosphere & immersion.
Pro The world is amazing
A city floating in the sky with quantum physics set in the early 1900's with gear propelled robots and powers brought on by tonics are awaiting you in the city of Columbia. Bright colors and amazing vistas that are populated with floating islands that house full carnival resorts, giant memorial st...
Pro Great story
Touching on themes of classism, racism, the power of religion, propaganda, and even delving into the metaphysical, Bioshock Infinite delivers a compelling story that will have you engaged till the very end.
Pro Intense fast-paced gameplay
Continuing the super-powered gameplay from the first two Bioshock's this installment in the series refines the fun and fast formula. Use tonics to launch fireballs, ravens, or electricty at your foes, or make them fight by your side, as long as you have enough salt that is. Then to liven things up...
Con Drops resolution in certain places
Certain points of the game may drop the resolution down to 1760x1080 (from 1920x1080) in order to keep the gameplay running at 60 frames per second, while this does not happen often, it does happen.
Pro Well written and acted
The story in the game is well fleshed out. It is a fictional story about if the Nazis took over the world after WWII, which is not a new premise, but has so many little touches that really create an immersive story that the player cares about. This is where the animation and voice acting of the ga...
Pro Plays at 1080p and 60fps
The majority of the game holds at a steady 60fps while being played in 1080p or slightly less. This makes for a visually appealing game thanks to the solid framerate in what is often full HD.
Tomb Raider···
Tomb Raider is a 3rd person shooter, action adventure platformer that explores the origin story of Lara Croft.
Pro Combined elements relate Lara's story well
Between the story and animation the game tells an interesting story for Lara's character. Comparable to action movies, the direction and and acting tell a grand story that is not only fun to play but watch as well.
Pro Multiplayer
Tomb Raider features multiplayer in the game consisting of team deatmatch and private rescue.
Con No dedicated servers for multiplayer
The multiplayer is host based which means rubberbanding and lag. On top of this it looks as thought most if not all of the multiplayer is deserted at this point. Finding matches can be quite difficult if not impossible.
Con Superficial player impact
While the game may on the face of it appear to have far reaching consequences for the decisions taken by the player. At times it can appear that these consequences cause mainly only superficial differences as the story progresses.
Pro Engrossing Storyline
The Walking Dead tells a genuinely gripping story which can be a testing and exhausting experience for the player. It is told through the interactions between people fighting to survive in a new world in which resources are scarce and threats can come from both the living and the undead. Perhaps...
Pro Difficult Decisions
The Walking Dead requires that the player make decisions throughout, these typically will be in the form of action or conversation options. In many of these situations there is no obviously correct or best choice yet these decisions must be taken in stressful situations often giving a matter of se...
Con Too many unknowns to pay full price
Hitman is an episodic game with only the first chapter released so far. To purchase this single chapter costs only $14.99. For those that want to purchase the future chapters there is a choice to pay $59.99. Being that the other chapters are unreleased, it is difficult to know know what the quality
Con First chapter does not offer a ton of content
Much of the content in the first chapter are a bunch of training levels that are represented as being done on a set of some kind, giving a feeling of not being real. The problem here is that there is little in the way of giving a feeling of wanting to revisit these training levels, which drastical...
Pro Interactive environments
More so than previous games in the series, Hitman has many objects in the game that can be tampered or interacted with. But before the player can there is usually a tool that will need to be found that allows this. Which means more time spent in the level trying to find and interact with objects in
Con Frustrating stealth sections
When trying to sneak past guards or stealth kill them, there is no discernible pattern that hey abide by. This is made worse as trying to stealth kill may sometimes miss (even though the item used is a silent throwing knife), which alerts every guard in the are, who will now know precisely where y...
Pro Very immersive atmosphere
The look of the game is very bleak and yet believable. Venturing through sewers or abandoned train tracks no only looks fantastic but is complemented with great sound effects that really make the areas shine.
The Wolf Among Us···
The Wolf Among Us is a point and click adventure game based on the Fables comic books. The gameplay consists the player navigating branching dialogue scenes as well as clicking certain places in a pre-rendered scene to have the character move to that location in order to click on objects in the near area to see if there are clues or info to be found. Through investigating many different scenes the player can piece together the story as well as use items to unlock new areas and advance the story.
Pro In game encyclopedia
For those that want more back-story into the Fables comic there is an in game encyclopedia that allows for a more in depth analysis of the characters and their surrounding story.
Pro Refinement of earlier success
With the success TellTale achieved in their Walking Dead series, The Wolf Among US takes every good aspect of that gameplay and refines it even further.
Con May be too gruesome for kids
With all of the cursing and the not to mention the severed head, this story may not be appropriate for children.
The Wolf Among Us is a point and click adventure game based on the Fables comic books. The gameplay consists the player navigating branching dialogue scenes as well as clicking certain places in a pre-rendered scene to have the character move to that location in order to click on objects in the near area to see if there are clues or info to be found. Through investigating many different scenes the player can piece together the story as well as use items to unlock new areas and advance the story.
Game of Thrones by Telltale Games···
Game of Thrones is a point and click episodic adventure that costs $.99 for the first episode with the rest costing $4.99 through in app purchases or all in one price of $19.99.
Con Expensive
While each episode can be replayed multiple times to find different character paths, they are fairly short. Costing around $5 each, the prices quickly add up.
Pro Engaging gameplay
You are a character, born of house Forrester, and banner-men to Rob Stark. The story takes places after the Red Wedding, and you need to make decisions which will affect how your house manages to survive during the Game of Thrones. Your responses (or lack thereof) will be noted, and depending on h...
Con Very basic combat
This is mostly a dialogue game - it's the decisions you make that matter much more than the (limited) combat. Combat controls are shown on screen, and all you need to do is replicate the action shown on the display. There is no free thinking, or strategy whatsoever required.
Con Claustrophobic level design
Too often the levels feature narrow corridors and small rooms. This makes for tight situations where it can be difficult to see everything around you due to camera angles and walls in the way.
Pro Gives a feeling of power and stealthness
There is an ability called Swoop in the game that allows the main character to dash 15 feet ahead of where they are currently located, this gives a sens of power and really makes on feel as if they are a ninja. One of the best mechanics in the game, which makes the game a lot more enjoyable.
Dying Light···
Dying Light is an open world, first person, action survival game with a four player co-op mode. It costs $59.99
Pro Expansive weapon-crafting system
There are blueprints found throughout the gameworld that can be used to modify existing weapons in a wide variety of ways by adding various elements to them and creating weapons such as enemy seeking grenades, exploding throwing stars, and makeshift bats with nails through them.
Pro Rewarding side-missions
There's a wide variety of side-quests and a large chunk of them are multi-part adventures with great storytelling.
Rise of the Tomb Raider···
Rise of the Tomb Raider is an action-adventure game developed by Crystal Dynamics. It features Lara Croft in an Indian Jones like story where she is looking to discover long lost artifacts while also defeating bad guys. The gameplay consists of 3rd person view action adventure platforming and gunplay.
Pro Built weapons add to the complexity of gunplay
The player can now build their own weapons such as nail bombs or special ammo. This greatly expands on the type of weapons that can be used during a gunfight (of which there are many), which allows the user to change up their styles of attack in the game.
Pro Tons to explore
Each level is large and almost open world like, so there is quite a lot to see and do in each. The player can be rewarded for exploring as there may be hidden items or weapons all around, as well as good views. With so much to see and collect, there is no real reason to not take ones time to explo...
Pro Replayability through unlockables
Once a level is competed, the player can go back to then try to complete unfinished or new objectives, many of which will unlock new outfits or other items. This incentivizes the player to play again and again for those that want to find every item that can be found and complete each and every obj...
Rise of the Tomb Raider is an action-adventure game developed by Crystal Dynamics. It features Lara Croft in an Indian Jones like story where she is looking to discover long lost artifacts while also defeating bad guys. The gameplay consists of 3rd person view action adventure platforming and gunplay.
L.A. Noire···
L.A. Noire is an open-world adventure game developed by Rockstar Games that costs $19.99. The gameplay consists of the player controlling their character in a 3rd person view in a 40s style noire setting in order to solve police cases that involves an overarching story. The game world is open-world and the player is free to complete tasks as they see fit.
Con Does not always feel cohesive
While all the gameplay mechanics work just fine, there is still a feeling as if there is something missing to the overall architecture of the game. Many elements feel pasted together structure wise.
Pro Facial animation still some of the best in a game
One of the first games to use mocap recording for facial expressions in a game, which still holds up to this day as some of the best facial animation in a game. the sense of realism while watching the cutscenes really stands out.
Pro Free form gameplay
L.A. Noire is an open-world game that allows the player to deviate off the story path and do what they like, which is freeing and fun in that one can just play around in their digital environment.
L.A. Noire is an open-world adventure game developed by Rockstar Games that costs $19.99. The gameplay consists of the player controlling their character in a 3rd person view in a 40s style noire setting in order to solve police cases that involves an overarching story. The game world is open-world and the player is free to complete tasks as they see fit.
Pro Suspenseful hunt and chase dynamic between player types in multiplayer mode
The spy character plays exactly like Sam Fisher in the single-player game, so you're a Splinter Cell commando, and you view the action from a third-person, behind-the-back camera perspective. The mercenaries play the game from the traditional first-person perspective, much like in tactical act...
The campaign will only last around 10 hours, which is pretty short for a AAA game, on top of this the ending is quite abrupt making for a lack of closure for some.


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David Rosenthal
David Rosenthal is a professional in the game industry.
Voice Acting Roles ( 1 )
Deadly Premonition (2010) ()
|Voiced character
|Referenced in end credits as
|Ushah Johnson
|David Rosenthal - Ushah Johnson
|Xander Morgan
|David Rosenthal - Xander Morgan
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And as a further boost to small businesses he also said a new community investment tax credit will be introduced which would match every £100 million of private investment with £250 million of public investment.
Speaking about the £50m put aside by the treasury for risk capital, Sally Low, policy adviser at the British Chamber of Commerce, says: ?In general we're very supportive of this initiative and think it will help those companies who are beyond the start-up stage and looking for financing.
That said, it's not yet clear which firms it will be available for – in terms of the limitations and restrictions. As ever, we'll have to wait to read the small print for that.'
The Chancellor has also reaffirmed his proposals for a training tax credit to encourage in-work training skills. The government has been investigating its viability since last year, after proposals were put forward by the CBI and TUC.
And Gordon Brown also announced further help for small companies: ?Following today's report from the Performance and Innovation Unit we will, from September next year, pilot a new approach combining direct financial support for businesses – especially small businesses – with time off for training, under which employees, employers and government each accept their responsibilities.'
John Whiting, tax partner, at PriceWaterhouseCoopers believes that in general tax credits are a good idea and do help those in low paid work but he expresses concern at the increased burden they place on employers, particularly smaller businesses.
?Yet again the beleaguered employer will be stuck with administering and carrying through the Government's idea – with no compensation for it. The working families tax credit has just got off the ground and there are plans for other tax credits to arrive next year and Gordon Brown is changing things already,' he says.
The Government is increasingly placing strong emphasis on workplace training and training for life. The Chancellor plans to use a Downing Street study on workforce development to launch a cross-departmental review of policy options, including the training tax credit.Reuse content


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When: Thu., Nov. 1, 10 a.m. 2012
He will read from his favorite children's book, Dr. Seuss' The Sneetches. All ages are welcome.
Price: Free
2300 Elmwood Ave. (Brighton)
Wednesdays, 12 p.m.
Brighton Memorial Library
- Brighton
Wed., March 22, 6:30 p.m.
Select a star to rate.
© 2017 City Newspaper


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From aligning your IT with your business needs to an end-to-end strategy for transforming your enterprise, TCS has the world-class experience and expertise that you need. Contact a consultant today.
Organizations across the world need to introduce new products and services faster for a sustained competitive advantage. These strategies often place enormous and relentless pressure on QA teams to accomplish large projects in impossibly short timelines and may force them to compromise on quality in order to meet deadlines.
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In this white paper, we highlight the capabilities a smart and intelligent testing system must have to achieve the above business objectives. Some them include the following:
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UB40 get over the storm of an acrimonious spilt and bankruptcy
UB40 are one of the most successful reggae bands, with hits including Kingston Town and Red Red Wine.
In recent years the band has had to weather four members being made bankrupt and an acrimonious split with the lead singer Ali Campbell.
The new album, Getting Over the Storm is out now.


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611 Campbell Road,Douglas MI, 49406
4 beds , 3 Full baths
2,278 sq. ft
Status: Active
Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Clyde Hendrick, REALTORS
(616) 842-5970
Last Updated: 2/22/2017 6:11 PM
Description for 611 Campbell Road Douglas, MI 49406
Room count,square footage and room dimensions reflect the main home as well as the guest house which features LR/Kit/bedrm/bath/frpl/porch. Two homes that are both in excellent condition on a deep, lushly landscaped lot that affords both homes nice yards & there's even a potting shed! Main home has new kitchen with quartz counters & stainless appliances, the baths are new & the home has been freshly painted throughout. The large screened porch is perfect for casual dining and or nap & the adjoining open air porch is perfect for morning coffee or an afternoon in the shade. If you want a 2nd home this location near Lake MI beaches is perfect; you can use one & rent the second to offset some home ownership expenses!
Listing Information
Douglas Vllg
Public Water Service
Public Sewer
Cable TV, Electric, Natural Gas
School Information
Room Information
Butler Pantry
Interior Features
Humidifier, Dishwasher, Oven, Range, Refrigerator
Central Air, Ceiling Fan(s)
Gas Heat, Forced Air
Basement, Full
Wood Floors
Exterior / Lot Features
Porch, Screened Porch
In Ground Sprinklers
Extra Storage, Paved Road, Acreage
Financial Considerations
Inside AccessTM
Current market conditions for 611 Campbell Road
Active Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median list price$369,475
Days on market125
Properties for sale36
Sold Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median sold price$249,900
Sales to list price9,456.0%
Properties sold11
Median sq ft price$179
Arrows indicate 90 day trend
Listing Price History for 611 Campbell Road
Douglas Real Estate
Douglas is located in Michigan. Douglas, Michigan 49406 has a population of 1,097.
The median household income in Douglas, Michigan 49406 is $40,598. The median household income for the surrounding county is $51,030 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Douglas 49406 is 55.7 years.
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Discussion in 'The NAAFI Bar' started by chrisg46, Feb 20, 2009.
The heart of the site is the forum area, including:
How did he know?
A blind-walt?
how would he know?????????????
His dog read it for him.
He must be at it! another one caught ripping the tax man off!
Even if they'd called him by his name it'd still have been wrong:
He was an RAF Plod????
My old dad's blind and throws bills and letters on a scanner and the computer reads them so I send him letters with shed loads of spelling mistakes and swearing just to wind him up
Thats a bit of a kick in the balls when you're down :L
Luckily, I read down the thread and thus avoided needless repetition.
He's not over reacting in the hope of a few quid then
Seems perfectly reasonable to me.
Some data input monkey mistakenly entered his disability (or differently abled ability) in to the database... probably one of hundreds that day, and off it went.
Dry your eyes princess, take it in good humour and move on.
He isn´t complaining about the house renovations is he?
Dear Mr Whinging cnut who cant see proper,
Paint your own feckin house.
Dera Mr Syphaliss
Dear Mr prostate cancer
Dear Mr incapcity benefit
Where would it end?
It always puzzles me about this blind routine, they put braille on signs, but how does the differently abled person know there's a sign there to be felt?
Separate names with a comma.


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Lot 1 County Trunk S (10 Acres), Greenbush WI 53073-3830 $179,900
Features of Lot 1 County Trunk S (10 Acres) Greenbush WI 53073-3830
- Lots for Sale
- Status: Active
- Est. Acreage: 10
- School District: Plymouth
- County: Sheboygan
- Property Taxes: $0
- Property Tax Year: 2015
- Postal Municipality: Plymouth
- Listing Company: Re/Max Realty Plus
Property Description for Lot 1 County Trunk S (10 Acres) Greenbush WI 53073-3830
Lot 1 County Trunk S (10 Acres) Greenbush WI 53073-3830 - Mature woods with a high area of land on a clear day you can see lake Michigan. Electric available east side of road. Seller guarantees perk for a mound or conventional septic at buyers expense. Any building questions check with Town of Greenbush.
Land Features
- Topography: Wooded
- Zoning: Residential - Single
- Waterfront/Access: N
|MLS Number
|New Status
|Previous Status
|Activity Date
|New List Price
|Previous List Price
|Sold Price
|Jun 29 2016 9:36AM
|Apr 1 2016 10:58AM
Estimated Monthly Payment
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Community Homes Near Lot 1 County Trunk S (10 Acres)
Buyer understands that the information which is contained on Data pages is obtained from a number of different sources and which has not been independently verified or confirmed by the various real estate brokers and agents who have been and are involved in this transaction. If any particular measurement or data element is important or material to buyer, Buyer assumes all responsibility and liability to research, verify and confirm said data element and measurement. REALTOR *MLS* Equal Housing Opportunity


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I do not write a lot of articles about beauty products or tools because there are so many of them on the market. While I enjoy many different products and tools I prefer only to write about those that have throughly impressed me, and that I feel a great many of you can benefit from. When I looked into the opportunity to test, and write about PMD Personal Microderm I saw a big difference between this beauty tool and others similar to it.
First I want to talk about why we would want to use a microderm tool in the first place. Now I am not going to get all technical because all you really need to know is the result of using PMD Personal Microderm and that is smoother, cleaner, clearer skin, reduced wrinkles, reduced blemishes, and fewer enlarged pores. After using your PMD Personal Microderm you will notice that your makeup goes on smoother as well.
As a midlife woman I often feel like I am applying my foundation and makeup to sandpaper no matter how much I moisturize. This is not always due to lack of moisture on the skin but rather that our face has layers of dead skin cells on it! Also we take such care with our skin care routine but we have to realize that our skin can only absorb so much of the product we apply. When we use PMD Personal Microderm we are prepping our skin to absorb far more of our product, which brings forth healthier skin!
So how is the PMD Personal Microderm tool different from others I have used? One main thing is suction! Trust me it is not as scary as it sounds! There is a gentle suction on the skin when using the PMD that pulls the blood flow to the surface of the skin which increases circulation. This delicate suction triggers the body to build collagen and elastin which leaves the skin firm and radiant.
As a type 1 diabetic I can attest to how important circulation is to our body's health and well being, and since your skin is in fact an organ, it needs all the circulation it can get, especially as we age!
I exfoliate regularly with my skin care routine, and I am a big fan of Konjac sponges and other exfoliating products, and while they show some results, I never felt my skin was as healthy as I do since using the PMD Personal Microderm system!
Truly, it is no wonder that the PMD has been featured on big name talk shows such as Good Morning America, The Talk, The View, The Doctors, and the Today Show. PMD has also been featured in top magazines such as In Style!
Guys, you can use PMD too! Check out this before and after of one man's experience with PMD:
You can see a lot more before and after images on the PMD Website's Before and After page.
Please watch my video about PMD Personal Microderm:
Now I do want to say that before you use your PMD to really watch their training video and the DVD that comes with your kit. I was really impressed with the fact that a DVD came with the kit at all, let alone the wonderful information provided on the DVD. The fact is this is the same type of microderm treatment you would receive in a high dollar salon, so you want to be sure you know what you are doing before using it. Once you have been through the instruction booklet and watched the training videos you will be ready to go!


text:
Comment Free Marketing Campaign (Score 1) 197
Google Pixel: It's like Google Glass for your ass (pocket.)
Google Pixel: It's like Google Glass for your ass (pocket.)
PHP made a lot of mistakes. A lot. Many are still in the language today. However PHP is 21 years old now and PHP7 was released a few months ago. PHP7 is a huge improvement over old versions. If you haven't looked at it, do so. PHP sucks in 2016 is mostly FUD now.
Node JS on the other hand is very young ecosytem and it's basically repeating the same mistakes PHP did. Swarms of well intentioned, very new devs are "contributing" and it's leading to the same mess PHP was in.
It sucks to maintain a legacy mess, but the developer in question is pretty much guaranteed to be building someone's next mess if he goes with such a rewrite.
My two cents.
Try Pressbooks:
It's open source:
Progressive agenda? Why not http://freico.in/ then?
I use a livescribe pretty regularly: I have one in my pocket right now. While I agree the form factor of the pens is suboptimal, as are the cartridges, it does the job for me. I've only lost one so far to overzealous inspection at an airport as a spy device because it has audio recording capability. In theory that one might come back, but the office it is stored in is only open a few hours a day, a few days a week at the airport and the release documents have two names on them and... long story.
Anyway, while I appreciate the OP's interest in a fully digital format and read through hoping to find something super cool I hadn't run across yet, the drift in the conversation to pre-digital technologies mirrors my own adoption of the livescribe pen. The books you fill out don't crash and are immediately re-viewable and sunlight readable. The pens are robust and while the cartridges run out of ink far too quickly and without any real warning, it isn't a meaningful cost burden to keep a few spares around.
The form factor of the pen and small note book is time-proven and convenient if you're moving around. It is unobtrusive in meetings, works well in the field, and you can easily have a hand or two free without catastrophic gravitational consequences.
Having a digital copy of my notes is organizationally helpful, even if my writing is not sufficiently legible for useful distribution. The accurate time stamps let me do things like post-correlate a digital picture with the notes unambiguously or a GPS coordinate or any other time stamped media. Occasionally I use the audio recording capability to integrate time-stamped conversational notes when I don't have time to write them all down, just noting a word or two here and there as I can to provide a visual/temporal reference in the converted media.
I am most pleased with myself when I can make a quick sketch on paper and email it out in a few seconds. I have occasionally considered a pen-enhanced phablet as an increasing drift toward virtualization, but that would lose the archival paper copy, the tangible organization of the pages and books, and would be far more fragile and prone to being out of juice when I need it. The pen wakes up in about 3 seconds and even if I haven't charged it in a month, is ready to work - and if the battery is dead, I still take perfectly usable notes I can later digitize by writing over them if I really need to.
For me it solves a few requirements:
In other news:
Turning script kiddies searching the web into future employees.
Geniuses at work I say.
The original poster makes a valid point which I agree with. That is, other languages have gender built into them and cannot be removed or argued out. Hell, Japanese has hierarchy and ego built into the language (Watashi, bokou, olé). An english centric view of the technical world is limiting, arrogant, and obtuse.
In the context of this specific flamewar, it is appropriate. (American english speaker going overkill on Dutch speaker for reasons far beyond the scope of the incident)
However, your reply, "panties in a bunch" is problematic. Here you imply that the only person who would care about such a stupid problem are women, because they are women? Or cross dressers?
There is IMHO a difference.
I have little sympathy for an industry that could have spent the last 40 years reducing their emissions.
Paying for extra emission reduction would put you at a competitive disadvantage against power plants who just did the bare minimum. Or, in a highly regulated environment, it might run you afoul of price controls.
> She was probably the idiot a few times, but was unable to recognize her own odor.
The next person to mention spaghetti stacks to me is going to have his head knocked off. -- Bill Conrad


text:
Law as a Tool to Promote Healthcare Safety
- Ethan McDaniel
- 1 years ago
- Views:
1 Law as a Tool to Promote Healthcare Safety Tara Ramanathan, JD, MPH From the Public Health Law Program, Office for Tribal, Local and Territorial Support, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Address correspondence to: Tara Ramanathan, JD, MPH, CDC Public Health Law Program Buford Highway, MS E-70, Atlanta GA This article was published in Clinical Governance: An International Journal 2014;19(2):
2 Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to inform healthcare providers and healthcare facility leadership about the statutory, administrative, criminal, and tort law implications related to preventable harms from unsafe injection practices. Design/methodology/approach: Review of legal theory and precedents. Findings: The law can address disputes over unsafe injection practices in a variety of ways. Administrative agencies may hold a provider or facility responsible for preventable harms according to specific statutory and regulatory provisions governing licensure. State courts can compensate victims of certain actions or inactions based on tort law, where a breach of a legal duty caused damages. Prosecutors and the public can turn to criminal law to punish defendants and deter future actions that result in disability or death. Research limitations/implications: The state law findings in this review are limited to legal provisions and court cases that are available on searchable databases. Due to the nature of this topic, many cases are settled out of court, and those records are sealed from the public and not available for review. Practical implications: Preventable harm continues to occur from unsafe injection practices. These practices pose a significant risk of disease or even death for patients and could result in legal repercussions for healthcare providers and facility leadership. Originality/value: This article reviews emerging law and potential legal implications for health care and public health related to unsafe medical practices related to needle, syringe, and vial use. Paper type: Research paper 2
3 Introduction Infection and injury due to unsafe injection practices in healthcare settings are considered preventable harms, and as such, may provide grounds for legal disputes. The law can be a deterrent and thereby a tool for prevention, providing options to prosecutors and the public under existing legal sources. This article provides an overview of the principles of which readers should be aware when considering potential legal impact of preventable harms on providers and facilities. In particular, the article covers public health law, legal responses to preventable harms, and uses of the law as a tool for prevention. Injection safety and, more broadly, unsafe practices related to needle, syringe, and medication vial use remains a vitally important issue to today s healthcare and public health fields. Although public health interventions are designed to improve provider practices, preventable harms related to unsafe practices occur through numerous procedures and in a variety of settings. Researchers estimate that unsafe injection practices resulted in the notification of potential exposure to infections over 130,000 patients in the US from 2001 to The harms resulting from unsafe injection practices are preventable. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a source of evidence-based guidelines for safe injection practices in all healthcare settings. 2 Provider and patient education campaigns conducted in partnership with state health departments support the single use of needles and syringes and have 1 Guh, A.Y., Thompson, N.D., Schaefer, M.K., Patel, P.R. and Perz, J.F. (2012), Patient notification for bloodborne pathogen testing due to unsafe infection practices in the US health care setting, , Medical Care, Vol. 50 No. 9, pp Siegel, J.D., Rhinehart, E., Jackson, M., Chiarello, L. and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (2007), 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings, available at: (accessed Mar. 27, 2014). 3
4 influenced best practices and policies. Patient safety advocates also call for transparency in the information disseminated about the preventable harm histories of providers and facilities. Although attention and resources have been devoted to injection safety for years, reports of unsafe practices continue to surface as the scope of practice for facilities and providers changes in response to healthcare advances and financial incentives. Legal framework for supporting public health goals The public health and patient safety goals promoted by the evolving legal framework in the USA have significant consequences for healthcare providers and facilities. This framework consists of statutes, regulations, and case law that affect the responsibilities of public health and healthcare practitioners to address unsafe practices that result in preventable harms. The Supreme Court has long upheld the authority of states and localities to promote public health goals by enforcing their police powers, specifically empowering state agencies to regulate the behaviors and activities of private entities and the public. 3 Many public health responsibilities dictated in state statutes and regulations therefore sit with state and local health-related boards and agencies, some of which regulate healthcare facilities and providers. Agencies may promote best practices, license health professionals and facilities, and levy fines or report criminal conduct for certain actions or inactions. 4 Healthcare facility leadership and providers should be aware of the institutional and individual requirements imposed by the legal framework. 3 Jacobsen v. Commonwealth of Mass., 197 U.S. 11 (1905). 4 Gostin, L.O. (2000), Public health law in a new century: part I: law as a tool to advance the community s health, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 283 No. 21, pp
5 Law enables public and private institutions to promote public health and safety objectives. Statutes that empower state health agencies to establish regulatory provisions may concurrently enable healthcare entities to support disease prevention. Health professional boards in states may determine whether professionals are fit to practice and sanction providers for breaches of licensure requirements. 5 Regulations promulgated by state health agencies could hold healthcare facilities responsible for certain adverse health outcomes and facilities could require individual healthcare providers to meet specific standards or observe certain conduct through institutional policies or employment contracts. 6 In addition to the statutory and regulatory requirements, third parties such as professional organizations and federal entities may incentivize certain activities or behaviors through standards, certifications, and monetary incentives and penalties. 7 Laws also delegate authorities and responsibilities to individuals to support public health and safety goals. State public health regulations seek to improve access to health care by establishing, for example, a broad scope of practice for rural providers who meet enhanced training requirements. 8 Certain healthcare providers with regulatory responsibilities may face civil liability for their actions and the actions of those they employ. 9 In many states, the law may penalize nurses for their actions or inactions based on a professional standard of care; 10 require 5 See, e.g., CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE 3529 (West 2013). 6 See, e.g., 25 TEX. ADMIN. CODE (2004) (requiring that facilities go further to develop, implement, maintain and enforce patient safety programs). 7 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (2013), Accreditation, available at: Certification/SurveyCertificationGenInfo/Accreditation.html (accessed Mar. 27, 2014). 8 See, e.g., ARIZ. REV. STAT (1985) (allowing professional groups to apply for enhanced scope of practice by meeting certain requirements). 9 Parker v. Freilich, 803 A.2d 738 (2002) (holding that doctors may be liable for the performance of their independent contractors with ostensible agency). 10 Farmer v. Willis-Knighton Medical Center, 109 So.3d 15 (2013) (holding that nurse breached standard of care by injecting potassium intravenously). 5
6 physicians to report employees errors; 11 and hold pharmacists accountable for the actions of those they train for practice. 12 Laws mandate or prohibit certain activities for professionals or facilities through licensure standards. Legal provisions may incorporate certain professional or independent resources by reference into their requirements, such as communicable disease prevention protocols and patient notification recommendations from CDC. 13 Federal and state laws can provide strong incentives for compliance with best practices, including reimbursements through Medicare and Medicaid. In addition to understanding the legal framework that supports public health goals, legal mechanisms that address public health problems may impact healthcare facilities and providers. Laws recognize, evaluate, and determine the consequences for unsafe practices that result in preventable harms in a variety of ways. Legal mechanisms for addressing preventable harms Where unsafe practices compromise public health goals, healthcare facilities, and providers may be responsible for addressing any resulting harms. Laws determine whether breaches in patient safety can have legal consequences for individuals and institutions. Healthcare and public health practitioners may need to become aware of the legal mechanisms available for addressing preventable harms. 11 See, e.g., 28 PA. CODE 27.6 (2002) (naming the disciplinary consequences for violating reporting responsibilities). 12 See, e.g., S.C. CODE (2009) (requiring a pharmacist-in-charge to take responsibility for actions of other pharmacists on the premises). 13 See, e.g., WASH. ADMIN. CODE (2009) (requiring providers to conform with CDC's infection control guidelines); ALASKA STAT (2012) (incorporating a variety of scientific, medical, and public health manuals into the code by reference). 6
7 Laws do not address preventable harms and adverse events uniformly. Federal regulations define adverse events for the purposes of providing incentives and disincentives; accordingly, some healthcare decisions that result in negative outcomes are explicitly excluded from reimbursement by Medicare. 14 Some state laws recognize and define a preventable harm and require health officials to develop guidance on best practices. 15 For example, a reused syringe or needle that results in a healthcare-associated infection could trigger reporting mechanisms and sanctions for a provider. 16 Other states do not specify the event or the resulting harm, and instead incorporate Joint Commission and other third-party definitions by reference into state codes. Laws either recognize external standards and guidelines from a particular edition or year or allowing for the automatic incorporation of their revisions. 17 Despite this varied nomenclature, responses to preventable harms take well-trodden paths. State public health law, criminal law, and tort law play discrete and specific roles in upholding public health goals, providing incentives, and establishing consequences. Public health law, through administrative actions, is used to establish a system of responsibility and promote prevention. Criminal law is used to punish and deter defendants, whereas tort law is used to compensate victims. Governmental bodies use these mechanisms individually or in combination to respond to patient safety events. 14 Wachter, R.M., Foster, N.E. and Dudley, R.A. (2008), Medicare s decision to withhold payment for hospital errors: the devil is in the details, The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp , available at: (accessed Mar. 27, 2014). 15 See N.Y. PUB. HEALTH LAW 239-a (McKinney 2008); New York State Department of Health, Department of Health Launches Injection Safety Web Page for Patients and Providers (Mar. 4, 2013), available at 16 See also N.Y. PUB. HEALTH LAW 2819 (McKinney 2006). 17 See, e.g., 7 ALASKA ADMIN. CODE (2006). 7
8 Legal responses to preventable harms: administrative actions State public health laws allow the government to hold a provider or facility responsible for preventable harms and promoting best practices. States use their police powers, recognized under the 10th Amendment to the US Constitution, to grant executive agencies the authority to sanction and penalize those they regulate. Statutes and agency regulations permit health officials to fine providers and facilities, professional boards to suspend or revoke licenses of providers, and law enforcement officials to close down facilities and arrest providers. Public health laws also can be instrumental in incentivizing and enforcing best practices through statutory or regulatory standards for providers and facilities in a state or locality. 18 State laws can impose responsibilities on individuals and some healthcare entities through licensure provisions. Each state allows providers to practice if they comply with initial educational and safety requirements. Similarly, laws authorize certain kinds of facilities to treat patients if they show regular compliance with regulations and meet periodic certification requirements in order to maintain licensure. States can incentivize prevention activities through licensure regulations, typically requiring facilities to report infections or other conditions within specified time frames and personnel to become trained or certified at regular intervals. States can also disincentivize noncompliance, and individuals could face criminal penalties for operating without a license. Some types of healthcare facilities and providers must undergo inspection by regulatory officials 19 and share certain patient data with public health officials under certain conditions, sometimes even without patient consent, when required for licensure See Gostin, supra note 4, at N.C. STAT. ANN. 131D-2.11 (2011). 20 WIS. ADM. CODE s. DHS (1999) (falling under the public health exception to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996). 8
9 Under some state regulations, patients who experience preventable harms may be able to report providers or facilities to a regulatory agency. These provisions allow the state to pursue administrative penalties through the agency or licensure sanctions through professional boards to penalize facilities and providers, respectively. When a patient receives care under the auspices of the state through public health insurance or service delivery, the patient may appear before a state agency and pursue compensation through its administrative court. 21 Although the state may compensate the patient, the decision does not necessarily affect future decisions for other plaintiffs based on the same preventable harm or actions or inaction by the same providers and facilities. 22 Legal responses to preventable harms: criminal law States can deter unsafe practices through criminal laws that authorize fines and jail sentences. Criminal penalties vary significantly between jurisdictions and often depend on the intent and severity of a crime. Crimes are defined by severity in statutes and ordinances that cover certain behaviors and actions and may include a reference to a person s intent. Where an action rises to the legal standard described in a criminal statute, a state or local prosecutor can bring charges against an individual provider, or defendant, who has the requisite intent for the charge. For example, a provider whose failure to use safe injection practices results in a patient s death could be charged with manslaughter if the prosecutor can show that the provider s intent rose to the 21 See, e.g., Hawkins v. Community Health Choice, Inc., 127 S.W.3d 322, 325 (2004). 22 Mesbahi v. Maryland State Bd. of Physicians, 201 Md. App A.3d 679, (2011) (holding that agencies do not need to strictly follow precedent, although they frequently use prior decisions as standards for other cases). 9
10 level of criminal negligence, which does not relate to civil negligence standards. 23 The prosecutor has the burden of proof to show that a defendant violated the criminal standard beyond a reasonable doubt, although certain incriminating actions could heighten a charge and mitigating factors could lessen a charge. While constitutional principles forbid a single defendant to be charged twice for a single crime, multiple defendants may be found guilty for the same crime. In the case of preventable harms, providers or others complicit in knowledge, intent, or action or inaction of a principal provider may be culpable for the resulting crime through accomplice liability. Accomplices may be charged independently of the principal, and could be punished even when the principal has not been convicted or has been acquitted. 24 A healthcare entity or institution may not face criminal liability for death or disability of patients (though may for financial losses), but organizational actors such as employers or supervisors could face punishment upon meeting the specific requirements of intent for accomplice liability. 25 Criminal laws are used to punish a defendant on behalf of the state and the public and deter future criminal behavior. Because criminal charges do not compensate victims of preventable harms, those individuals may have to pursue an action in civil court for damages. The same criminal defendant can become a civil defendant simultaneously, and a state or federal court 23 By following the requirements for criminal intent, criminal negligence does not relate to the standards for civil negligence. As defined in case law, it is largely a matter of degree, incapable of precise definition... to be determined by the jury. Indicators of criminal negligence in a patient safety case may include instances where a provider exhibits gross lack of competency, gross inattention, or criminal indifference to the patient s safety. Hampton v. State, 50 Fla. 55 (1905). 24 See, e.g., IND. CODE (1976). 25 Com v. Life Care Centers of America, Inc., 456 Mass. 826, 926 N.E.2d 206 (2010). 10
11 must apply completely different legal standards for finding an injury and compensating a plaintiff patient. Legal responses to preventable harms: tort law Tort law seeks to compensate victims of certain actions or inactions based on the breach of a legal duty that caused damages. Plaintiff patients seeking redress for a preventable harm can file a tort, or personal injury, suit in state or federal court and must establish that the defendant s action met the standards for the criteria of duty, breach, causation, and damages. The defendant provider or facility then may present evidence to defend the suit and show that these four requirements were not met. In tort law, providers and facilities connected to a preventable harm can be named in a suit as defendants based on their respective roles and duties; accordingly, employers may be vicariously liable for employees actions, corporate entities can be held liable for their affiliated facilities, and providers can be jointly and severally liable for actions for which they each held responsibility. 26 State courts use case law decisions that penalize defendants and compensate plaintiffs to uphold private rights of action. These decisions could have consequences for future plaintiffs with the same complaints. For healthcare providers and facilities sued based on the failure to meet a certain standard of care, the legal standard of care does not equate directly to a medical standard of care. The legal standard simply asks that a provider follow the same course as a reasonable provider would 26 See, e.g., Insco v. Aetna Health & Life Ins. Co., 673 F.Supp.2d 1180 (2009) (denying an insurer s motion to dismiss for a negligence claim by an insured for contracting hepatitis C). 11
12 under the same circumstances: there are no technical requirements as in a medical standard of care. 27 A jury that finds that the requirements for a tort suit are met will find the defendant liable for the plaintiff s damages. These damages may be considered compensatory, reflecting the monetizable damages sustained, or punitive, scaled to effectively penalize the defendant. Courts may require providers and facilities to pay compensatory and punitive damages to plaintiff patients as a way to address the harms they experienced. Some contracts that patients and providers sign for healthcare delivery may require patients to seek compensation for injuries through negotiation or arbitration before seeking redress in court, but a judge may also recommend that plaintiffs and defendants reach an out-of-court settlement without facing a jury trial. Because the records of arbitrated and settled disputes are not usually made available to the public, the depth and breadth of injury and compensation across suits related to preventable harms are difficult to gauge. Legal responses to preventable harms: injection safety events as examples for legal action Preventable harms have been addressed in the past by licensure boards, administrative law judges, and state courts. Healthcare practitioners should be aware of legal actions brought in the states in which they practice, but several foundational cases related to injection safety events directly exemplify the principles discussed in this review and remain standards for new cases brought today. 27 Moffett, P. and Moore, G. (2011), The standard of care: legal history and definitions: the bad and good news, Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp
13 A pair of cases from New Jersey from 1963 show the simultaneous criminal prosecution and licensure action against a physician who was convicted on 12 counts of involuntary manslaughter for the infection and resulting death of 12 patients with hepatitis B. The state supreme court took the case on appeal and decided that the prosecution did not establish a causal connection by expert proof between the deaths and a specific act or omission of the physician, or even identify all of the acts of omissions which could have caused the disease to be transmitted. 28 The criminal prosecution eventually was reversed on appeal and the charges dropped due to insufficient causation, so the licensure revocation based on crimes of moral turpitude was also reversed. 29 A series of civil negligence cases brought for actions related to a hepatitis C outbreak in New York provides an example where the full range of legal actions was available to try a physician and facility leadership. 30 The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene found a number of probable outbreak-associated cases of hepatitis B and C among patients who had received injections from medication vials from a single physician between 2003 and Concurrent with the outbreak investigation, the state Office of Professional Medical Conduct suspended and later revoked the physician s medical license, charging him with gross incompetence, gross negligence, and failure to comply with provisions governing the practice of medicine, as a result of his violation of infection control practices and for allowing his infection control certification to lapse. While the physician filed bankruptcy, plaintiffs, some deceased, sued the group practices that retained him to provide services in several ambulatory surgery 28 State v. Weiner, 41 N.J. 21 (1963). 29 State Bd. of Medical Examiners v. Weiner, 41 N.J. 56 (1963). 30 Von Stackelberg v. Goldweber, 33 Misc. 3d 1229(A) (2011); Bernard v. Goldweber, 34 Misc.3d 1223(A) (2012); Doe v. Goldweber, 112 A.D.3d 446 (2013). 13
14 centers. Because the failure to investigate the physician s licensure and supervise and monitor his actions did not rise to vicarious liability, willful behavior, or negligent hiring by the group practice physicians, complaints against them were dismissed. The New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners petitioned the Supreme Court of New Jersey to review its authority to sanction a physician who caused 92 counts of hepatitis C. The Board sought to levy administrative penalties on the physician after revoking his license to practice. 31 The court allowed the Board to interpret the civil strict liability of the physician for statutory violations to impose multiple penalties upon finding multiple violations. A civil case brought against the same physician by a patient also sued his out-of-state medical malpractice insurer in the same complaint for indemnification of his claims. 32 The insurer had previously rescinded the physician s malpractice policy, and a prior court judgment against the physician voided the policy, but the court required the insurer to indemnify the patient and awarded the patient attorney s fees. Because these cases are based on the law of the states in which they were brought, their decisions are not applicable to every jurisdiction. In addition, the procedural history and factual issues in each case greatly impacted the outcome for each patient, provider, and facility implicated. Healthcare providers and facility leadership should consult counsel licensed in their state of operation about similar cases involving licensure, liability, and related legal concerns. 31 Matter of DeMarco, 83 N.J. 25 (1980). 32 DeMarco v. Stoddard, 2014 WL (Jan. 22, 2014). 14
15 Legal action as a tool for prevention The use of law as a tool to address preventable harms and promote health in states through incentives, disincentives, and deterrence also can support disease prevention. Public health law also plays a role in preventing negligent practice. State statutes and regulations can follow the latest trends and information in public health. For example, Nevada and North Carolina, guided by public health principles, recently promulgated state regulations that expressly promote injection safety. Following the conviction of a Michigan physician who reused needles, sutures, and other instruments for fraud, patient advocacy resulted in the passage of state legislation that prohibits the reuse of medical devices designed for single use with criminal and administrative penalties. 33 Courts may allow patients to seek relief from a variety of parties in order to best assign responsibility for an injection safety episode. For example, in a Nevada outbreak of hepatitis C from an endoscopy clinic, plaintiffs have sued the physician involved, his clinic manager, a nurse anesthetist, and even the pharmaceutical corporation that manufactured the anesthetic in question. 34 The physician also faced criminal charges of second degree felony murder, and was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. 35 Public reaction to the outbreak resulted in changes to Nevada laws and regulations to prevent future incidents and patient harm. 33 MICH. COMP. LAWS. ANN (2010). 34 Grosshans v. Endoscopy Center of Southern Nevada, 2011 WL (Sept. 23, 2011) (naming the facility, the physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, and healthcare product manufacturers implicated in the outbreak); Sicor, Inc. v. Hutchison, 266 P.3d 608 (2011) (permitting a products liability suit to take place in the state). 35 Desai v. Nevada, 2013 WL (Mar. 13, 2013) (unpublished order denying a petition for writ of habeas corpus challenging the charges of murder); German, J. (2013), Desai sentenced to life in prison with possibility of parole for hepatitis outbreak, Las Vegas Journal Review, 24 October, pp. 1, available at: (accessed Mar. 27, 2014). 15
16 By providing resources to the public and allocating responsibility to the full roster of actors, law can promote better injection safety practices going forward. Changes to law and policy that seek to improve healthcare delivery may impose additional requirements on healthcare providers and facility leadership while also requiring attention from state and local health and regulatory officials. Although each state s provisions are unique, law serves as a tool to promote public health and prevention throughout the nation. 16
17 Acknowledgements This article is a US government work and is in the public domain in the USA. The author would like to thank Joseph Perz, Division for Healthcare Quality Promotion, and Matthew Penn, Public Health Law Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and David Birnbaum, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia. This article should not be construed as providing legal guidance or advice. Please seek the advice of an attorney or other qualified professional with questions regarding the application of law to a specific circumstance. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 17
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text:
About Me
- About ACC-Man
- Where did you find us?
- Google Search
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- CL9 Accord Euro "Executive"
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- Hessen, Germany/Ontario, Canada/Louisiana, USA/Worldwide, Earth
- Car Year
- 2007.com
- Car Color
- NH700M "R"/Alabaster Silver Metallic (ASM) + Rust
- Body Style
- Facelifted Accord-Euro
A-Spec Body-Kit (HH Installed pre Buy)
- Engine Performance Modifications
- Everything n/a possible
- Wheel/Suspension Upgrades
- Affirmative
- Exterior Modifications
- Hmmm.... YES!!!
- Interior Modifications
- Na-Ja/Jein (Probably/Maybe)
- Other Modifications
- Some 'o diss
- Future Modification Plans
- NO!!! This is it...!!!
- Try it!!! You only die once...
The best engine in the world is the Vagina;
It can be started with one finger. It's self lubricating.
It takes any size piston, and changes it's own oil every 4 weeks.
It is only a pity that the management system is so f....g temperamental.
- Try it!!! You only die once...
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I swapped in a few 09 tsx p...
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lower it first bud! Drop it li...
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USD/CAD Forecast March 7, 2016, Technical Analysis
Daily Forex Reports | by FX Empire | Sunday, 06 March 2016 07:51 UTCThe USD/CAD pair initially tried to rally during the course of the day on Friday, but found the 1.35 level a bit too resistive and then we broke down significantly. With this being the case, looks as if we could very well break down below the 1.33 handle and reach down towards the 1.30 handle given enough time. Keep in mind that oil markets have a great influence on the Canadian dollar, and as they rise the Canadian dollar generally benefits. So at this point in time it looks very likely that the market will continue to grind its way lower.
Forex Market Analysis
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