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Zhou J.,China Agricultural University |
Wang X.,China Agricultural University |
Ai T.,China Agricultural University |
Cheng X.,China Agricultural University |
And 3 more authors.
Journal of Dairy Science | Year: 2012
The purpose of this study was to determine the best preparation condition of β-lactoglobulin hydrolysate-iron complexes and characterize its structural transformation both before and after binding using the UV-visible absorption spectrum, Fluorescence spectrum, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that β-lactoglobulin hydrolysates obtained with alcalase after hydrolysis for 6h possessed the highest iron-binding capacity. The highest yield of complexes was obtained when the mass ratio between β-lactoglobulin hydrolysate and Fe3+ reached 40:1, with the optimal pH value of 7.0. All of the spectra indicated that some sites such as amido bonds transformed during chelation, and nitrogen atoms could chelate with Fe3+ to form coordinate bonds by offering electron pairs. Therefore, β-lactoglobulin hydrolysate-iron complexes may be good carriers for iron and possess great potential to be used as iron supplements. © 2012 American Dairy Science Association. Source
The improving effect of spray-drying encapsulation process on the bitter taste and stability of whey protein hydrolysate
Yang S.,China Agricultural University |
Mao X.-Y.,China Agricultural University |
Li F.-F.,China Agricultural University |
Zhang D.,China Agricultural University |
And 3 more authors.
European Food Research and Technology | Year: 2012
Although whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) possesses good physiological functionality, its bitter taste and hygroscopic property limit its direct utilization as food ingredient. The aim of this work was to encapsulate whey protein hydrolysate by spray drying using maltodextrin or maltodextrin/β-cyclodextrin mixture as wall materials to attenuate the bitter taste and enhance the stability of whey protein hydrolysate. Hygroscopicity, glass transition temperature, bitter taste, and morphology of non-encapsulated WPH and encapsulated WPH were evaluated. Solubility, particle size, bulk density, and moisture content were also measured. Compared with the non-encapsulated WPH, the encapsulated WPH exhibited significantly lower hygroscopicity and higher glass transition temperature. The bitterness of both maltodextrin-encapsulated WPH and maltodextrin/β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated WPH was significantly lower than that of the original non-encapsulated WPH. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the microcapsules of the spray-dried encapsulated WPH were matrix-type with less link bridge and had a continuous wall with many concavities. In addition, encapsulation process did not exert negative effect on the solubility of whey protein hydrolysate. The results indicated that encapsulation with maltodextrin and β-cyclodextrin as carriers was helpful to attenuate the bitter taste and enhance the stability of whey protein hydrolysate. © 2012 Springer-Verlag. Source
Chen L.-S.,Harbin Institute of Technology |
Ma Y.,Harbin Institute of Technology |
Maubois J.-L.,French National Institute for Agricultural Research |
Maubois J.-L.,Agrocampus Ouest |
And 3 more authors.
Dairy Science and Technology | Year: 2010
Consumption of dairy products containing probiotics with cholesterol-lowering activity has been proposed as a means to lower serum cholesterol. In the present work, 19 yeast strains, isolated from raw milk, were tested to obtain potential probiotic yeasts for assimilating cholesterol. During in vitro tests, 17 yeast strains were capable of growth in bile salt solutions, and most of the yeast strains tolerated low pH, surviving in gastric juice. Among the 19 strains assessed, Geotrichum sp. BY2 and Pichia kudriavzevii BY10 showed highest adhesive ability to HT-29 cells. All yeast strains were able to assimilate cholesterol in the range of 3.6-44.4% over a 72 h incubation, and seven of the yeast strains were significantly higher at assimilating cholesterol (P < 0.05). According to these results, the yeast strains P. fermentans BY5, P. kudriavzevii BY10, P. kudriavzevii BY15 and Yarrowia lipolytica HY4 may serve as potential probiotics to assimilate cholesterol in the human intestine. © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2010. Source
Determination of environmental estrogens in cow feed and soil by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Li X.,Dalian Polytechnic University |
Mu G.,Dalian Polytechnic University |
Chen L.,Dalian Polytechnic University |
Jiang T.,Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co.
Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography / Zhongguo hua xue hui | Year: 2013
An analytical method was developed for the determination of the residues of five environmental estrogens, including estriol, estradiol, estrone, bisphenol A and diethylstilbestrol, in the cow feed and soil by solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The important parameters which affect the determination efficiency such as the mobile phase, the condition of mass spectrometry and solid phase extraction column were optimized. The optimal determination conditions were as follows: the sample was extracted with acetonitrile at first, then cleaned-up with an NH2-SPE column, and an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column was selected to separate the analytes. Acetonitrile-methanol (4: 1, v/v) and 0.01% ammonia aqueous solution were used as the mobile phase by gradient elution in the negative mode. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) were 0.06 - 0.22 microg/kg. The overall recoveries varied from 81.70% to 102.20%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 10.00%. This method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the determination of environmental estrogens in cow feed and soil. Source
Chen L.-S.,Harbin Institute of Technology |
Ma Y.,Harbin Institute of Technology |
Maubois J.-L.,French National Institute for Agricultural Research |
Chen L.-J.,Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. |
And 2 more authors.
International Journal of Dairy Technology | Year: 2010
Eleven different species of yeasts isolated from raw milk, such as Issatchenkia orientalis, Pichia fermentans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Yarrowia lipolytica were identified using an integrated approach, including phenotypic and genotypic methods and the API 20C AUX system. Eleven selected strains which tolerated low pH levels, gastric juice and bile salt were further analysed for the presence of functional traits useful for probiotic application as antioxidants. The ability to scavenge DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and inhibit linoleic acid peroxidation indicated that P. fermentans BY5 and HJ15 may be promising candidate strains for use as probiotics with antioxidant activity. © 2009 Society of Dairy Technology. Source


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What is Retirement Planning It is preparing financially for when you are too old to work when you are too young to quit Involves making decisions about how well you want to live when you still have the means to craft how well you will live Requires you to defer some degree of current enjoyment in favor of future survival
Who should be concerned about your Retirement? The Government is concerned You family is concerned You should be too!
Population Statistics By 2030, almost 20% or 1-in-5 of Singaporeans will be aged 65 and above Singapore Department of Statistics, 2005
Population Statistics Source of Chart: Role of the Government in Healthcare Provision and Financing in Singapore, presented by Mr Edward Reiche
Population Statistics Source of Chart: Role of the Government in Healthcare Provision and Financing in Singapore, presented by Mr Edward Reiche
Population Statistics Source of Chart: Role of the Government in Healthcare Provision and Financing in Singapore, presented by Mr Edward Reiche
3 Phases of Retirement ActivePassiveSupport Decreasing Health and Independence Retiree may still be working albeit at a slower pace. Also lives an active lifestyle and have various hobbies. Extra income from work seen as a supplement Retiree stops work entirely. Less physically demanding hobbies will be preferred. Retiree may be more careful with expenses, but is still capable for caring for themselves Retiree is no longer able to take care of themselves, and may require special nursing care and other support services.
4 Pillars of Singapore Social Security Based on paper by M Ramesh entitled "Singapore's Multi-Pillar System of Social Security" PillarDescriptionProgram 1Targets working poor who can't or don't save Workfare 2Compulsory SavingsCentral Provident Fund (CPF) 3Voluntary SavingsSupplementary Retirement Scheme 4Informal Mechanisms, like Home Ownership and Healthcare, as a vital source of income protection High Level of Home Ownership and Healthcare
Successful Ageing for Singapore To ensure that all levels of society are well prepared for the challenges as well as opportunities of an ageing Singapore: Source: Inter-Ministerial Committee on the Ageing Population, 1999 Family Community National Family Level – strong, extended and caring families Community Level – strong network of community services, as well as with opportunities for engagement and the integration of the communities National level – high level of national preparedness with a competitive and vibrant economy, as well as social cohesion and rootedness
Workfare Aims to provide support for low-wage workers so that they have the best chance to progress Workfare Income Supplement (WIS) scheme was introduced in 2007 to encourage older low-wage workers: to work regularly To build up their CPF savings More details on Workfare from http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/workfare/Pages/workfare-income-supplement.aspx Workfare Training Support Scheme (WTS) Complements WIS by encouraging employers to send their older lower-wage workers for training, as well as encourage workers to go for and to complete their training Workfare Special Bonus This bonus is announced from time-to-time to ensure that low-wage workers benefit from economic growth
Central Provident Fund (CPF) CPF savings are meant to provide for housing and medical needs and for basic living needs after retirement* Consists of 4 main funds 1)CPF Ordinary Account Savings can be used to buy a home, CPF Insurance, Investment and Education 2)CPF Special Account For old age and investment in retirement-related financial products 3)Medisave Account Savings can be used for hospitalisation expenses and approved medical insurance 4)Retirement Account (created at age 55) Administered by CPF Board Mandatory contributions by: Employers Employees Self-Employed *Source: SRS Booklet (Ministry of Finance) 18 Feb 2011 Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
Central Provident Fund (CPF) Main milestones include 1955, the British colonial authority in Singapore established the CPF as a compulsory savings scheme to allow workers to save for their retirement 1984, Medisave was introduced as a savings for Hospitalisation expenses for contributors and their family members 1987, Singaporeans were required to set aside a minimum sum in their CPF when they reached age 55. This amount would provide them with a monthly income when they retiree. Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
CPFOA Contribution Employee Age (Years) Contribution Rate (for monthly wages ≥ $1,500)Credited into Contribution by Employer (% of wage) Contribution by Employee (% of wage) Total Contribution (% of wage) Ordinary Account (% of wage) Special Account (% of wage) Medisave Account (% of wage) 35 & below1620362367 Above 35-451620362178 Above 45-501620361989 Above 50-5514(12)18.5(18)32.5(30)13.5(13)9.5(8)9.5(9) Above 55-6010.5(9)13(12)23.5(21.5)12(11.5)2(1)9.5(9) Above 60-657(6.5)7.514.5(14)3.51.5(1)9.5 Above 656.5511.5119.5 Contribution and allocation rates from 1 September 2012 *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg. Contribution Rate based on an Ordinary Wage of $5,000http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg Rates bracketed and in red show Contribution and Allocation Rates for the period 1 September 2011 to 31 August 2012)
CPFOA Investment Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg CPFIS-OA Fixed Deposits Singapore Government Bonds Singapore Government Treasury Bills Statutory Board Bonds Bonds Guaranteed by the Singapore Government Annuities Endowment Insurance Policies Investment-Linked Insurance Products Unit Trusts ETFs Up to 35% of investible savings can be invested in: Shares Property Funds (or REITs) Corporate Bonds Up to 10% of investible savings can be invested in: Gold, through the following: Gold ETFs Other Gold Products (offered through UOB) The OA is invested under the CPF Investment Scheme – Ordinary Account (CPFIS-OA) "Investible Savings" is the sum of your OA balance and the amount of CPF withdrawn for investment and education
CPF Special Account (CPFSA) Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg Special Account (SA) is a saving account specifically for old age use, and can be invested in retirement-related financial products Can be used to pay for monthly housing installments under very strict conditions, and only for properties bought before 1 October 2003 OA savings can be transferred into the SA, but not the other way around
CPFSA Investment Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg CPFIS-SA Fixed Deposits Singapore Government Bonds Singapore Government Treasury Bills Statutory Board Bonds (Secondary Market Only) Bonds Guaranteed by the Singapore Government Annuities Endowment Insurance Policies Selected Investment-Linked Insurance Products* Selected Unit Trusts* Selected ETFs* *For more information: ILP - http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/79349EA5-798A-4CA8-A1DE-ACE44FE7720E/0/RCSILP1.PDF Unit Trust - http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/83FD2278-D807-445B-B063-F301B30CDE09/0/RCSUT.pdfhttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/83FD2278-D807-445B-B063-F301B30CDE09/0/RCSUT.pdf ETF - http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/171497E5-99C7-4517-9F59-0C96890D57F4/0/etf.pdf The SA is invested under the CPF Investment Scheme – Special Account (CPFIS-SA)
CPF Medisave Account (CPFMA) Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg A national savings scheme to meet the healthcare expenses of members and their dependants, including grandparents who must be Singaporeans or Singapore PRs.
Use of CPF MA Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg Hospitalisation Expenses Certain costly Outpatient treatments and treatment for a number of chronic diseases Premiums of approved medical insurance schemes and certain enhancements under the Integrated Shield Plans for members and their dependants Medishield is run by CPF Board Medisave approved Integrated Shield is offered by private insurers Premiums for approved long-term care insurance Eldershield and Eldershield supplements are offered by private insurers Available once members and their dependents reach 40 years of age
Use of Medisave Funds Since 2010, Medisave is allowed for use for medical treatment in certain hospitals Malaysia* *Terms and Conditions apply. See http://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/pressRoom/pressRoomItemRelease Medishield A catastrophic medical insurance programme to meet cost of medical treatment for serious illnesses or prolonged hospitalisations Most programmes available today come with "as-charged" features with high yearly (up to $650,000) and lifetime limits Has deductible and co-insurance features, which can be done away with by purchasing an enhancement Eldershield A national long-term care insurance programme initially launched in 2002, and enhanced in 2007 With Eldershield Supplement, monthly benefits can be as high as $3,500 for life Available to persons above 40 years of age Hospitalisation Expenses
Straits Times, Thursday 5 July 2012, Mind Your Body
Medisave Minimum Sum (MMS) The Medisave Minimum Sum (MMS) is the amount that a member turning 55 needs to set aside for future hospitalisation expenses Regular MMS adjustments are necessary to help Singaporeans plan for their long-term healthcare needs From 1 July 2012, MMS will be increased from $36,000 to $38,500.
Medisave Contribution Ceiling (MCC) The MCC is the maximum a member may have in his Medisave Account The MSS value is set at $5,000 above the MMS value From 1 July 2012, MCC is increased from $41,000 to $43,500 Excess of the prevailing MCC will be transferred to Special Account if the member is below 55 years old Retirement Account if the member is above 55 years old and has a Minimum Sum shortfall
Medisave Required Amount (MRA) The Medisave Required Amount is the amount that you are required to have in your Medisave Account before you can withdraw the savings in your Ordinary or Special Accounts. If you do not have at least the prevailing Medisave Required Amount, you are required to make a top-up to your Medisave Account with part of the balances from your Ordinary or Special Accounts Since 1 Jan 2012. the MRA has been set at $32,000. This value will be adjusted for inflation every January until it reaches $25,000 (in 2003 dollars) on 1 Jan 2013
Medisave Summary MCC $43,500 MMS $38,500 MRA $32,000
CPF Interest Rates Savings in the Ordinary Account earn an interest rate of 2.5% The interest is computed every quarter, and is based on the weightage of 80% of the average 12-month fixed deposit rate, and 20% of the average savings rate published by major local banks Savings in the Special and Medisave Accounts earn an interest of the higher of: 4%, or 12-month average yield of the Singapore Government Securities (10YSGS) plus 1% Interested is adjusted quarterly An additional 1% is paid on the first $60,000 of a member's combined balances: Limited to $20,000 from the OA Additional 1% interest received on the OA will be deposited into the member's SA or RA to enhance the retirement savings *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
CPF Interest Rates RA savings earn an interest of of either: 4% (the floor rate), or 12-month average yield of the Singapore Government Securities (10YSGS) plus 1% Interested is adjusted annually Announced 30 September 2011, the minimum of 4% pa will be earned for all Special, Medisave and Retirement Account monies until 31 December 2012. After that, interest rates on ALL CPF Account monies will be subject to a minimum rate of 2.5% pa *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
CPF Minimum Sum (MS) Scheme Intended to finance the increase life expectancy of retirees. Provides members with a monthly income to support a modest standard of living during retirement Q: Will CPF Savings be enough for Retirement?
CPF Minimum Sum (MS) Scheme First began in 1 July 1995 with the initial amount of $40,000 to reach an amount of $80,000 by 2003 $40,000 annual increments Since 2004, MS has been increased from $80,000 to $120,000, in incremental steps of $4,000 (all values in 2003 dollars) The 2003 MS value (with increment) is then adjusted for inflation each year. The $4,000 increment in 2012 (adjusted for inflation) would have amounted to a $12,000 increase of the MS. To mitigate the large increase in MS due to inflation, CPF Board has decided to spread out increase in MS to reach $120,000 (in 2003 value) by 2015 instead of 2013 From 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013, CPF members will need to set aside $139,000 (up from $131,000) *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
CPF Minimum Sum (MS) Scheme Year 2003 value Actual 1 July 2003$80,000 1 July 2004$84,000$84,500 1 July 2005$88,000$90,000 1 July 2006$92,000$94,600 1 July 2007$96,000$99,600 1 July 2008$100,000$106,000 1 July 2009$104,000$117,000 1 July 2010$108,000$123,000 1 July 2011$112,000$131,000 1 July 2012$113,000$139,000 1 July 2013 To be Announced To be Announced 1 July 2014 1 July 2015$120,000 *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg The initial MSS 2003 value for 2012 was $116,000. Adjusted for 2011 inflation, this would have resulted in a MS of $143,000 This is a large jump of $12,000 or 9% from the previous MS of $131,000 Instead of the target of reaching $120,000 MS in 2003 value by 2013, CPF Board has decided to reach the target $120,000 over 4 years. The 2012 MS stands at $139,000.
CPF Minimum Sum (MS) Scheme *Source: CPF Board – New CPF Changes in 2012. More details on the new LIFE plans will be made available in 3Q 2012 To help increase CPF LIFE payouts, members who turn 55 from 2013 onwards and who have not met their MS will have their post-55 contributions to the OA and SA automatically transferred to their RA when they reach the draw-down age (DDA) or 65 years old* This will translate into higher monthly payouts for members Amount a member can withdraw in cash under the existing withdrawal conditions remains the same.
CPF MS Withdrawal Cash balances CPF Accounts* Amount which you can withdraw $5,000 or lessAll your cash balances More than $5,000 but less than or equal to $50,000 $5,000. The remainder will be set aside in your Retirement Account (RA). More than $50,000 but less than or equal to $154,445 10% of the cash balances. The remainder will be set aside in your RA. More than $154,44510% of $154,445 and any further cash balances after setting aside the CPF Minimum Sum** and the prevailing Medisave Required Amount ($32,000 for 2012) *Refers to cash balances in OA and SA, and any balance above MMS (currently $38,500) in Medisave Account (MA) at age 55 **The CPF Minimum Sum applicable for members turning 55 between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2013 is $139,000. From 1 January 2013, members who reach 55 can withdraw their cash balances only after setting aside the CPF Minimum Sum and Medisave Minimum Sum. However, members can still withdraw the first $5,000 from the CPF account at 55.
Draw Down Age (DDA) The DDA may eventually be increased to age 67 Age as at 31 Dec 2011 Applicable DDA 62 and above62 60-6163 58-5964 57 and below65 *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
CPF Minimum Sum Plus Scheme If you are aged 55 and above from 1 January 2001: Can buy life annuities (currently only from NTUC) beyond your Minimum Sum with your withdrawal CPF Savings Monthly income from these annuities is tax exempt *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
Retirement Account In the 10 years when the funds remain in the RA until the DDA, it earns interest* which Cannot be withdrawn Forms part of the RA savings for monthly payments when you reach DDA *Currently 4% pa until 31 December 2012 Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg The account is created at age 55. The Minimum Sum is then transferred into this account for disbursement of monthly income under CPF LIFE once the contributor reaches 65 years of age
CPF "Income" for Life? CPF will not be able to adequately finance your retirement: 1.monthly payouts are not indexed against inflation, therefore subsequent payouts will depreciate in value and hence, purchasing power 2.CPF MS is able to provide monthly income to the member for 18-20 years. This may not be a long enough period of time for retirement income 3.Singaporeans are expected to live much longer Better lifestyle Better medical support and advancement *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
CPF LIFE Singapore has one of the highest life expectancies in the world For Singaporeans aged 65 today 50% expected to live beyond 85 33% expected to live beyond 90 Singaporeans are expected to live longer, and a growing number expected to outlive their CPF savings if they were on the MSS CPF Life introduced to provide members with income for life *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
CPF LIFE - Eligibility An Individual may apply to join LIFE between the age of 55 and 80, but must satisfy two conditions: 1.Must be a Singapore Citizen or a Singapore Permanent Resident 2.Must have Retirement Account Savings *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
CPF LIFE Today 4 plans are available: LIFE PlanPayoutBequest Level Bequest (Refundable Plans) LIFE Plus PlanHighLow LIFE Balanced PlanMedium LIFE Basic PlanLowHigh Non-Bequest (Non-Refundable Plans) LIFE Income PlanHighestNone *Source: http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sghttp://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg
Improved and Simpler CPF LIFE From 1 Jan 2013, members can choose between 2 CPF LIFE plans* 1.Standard Plan (default plan) o Is a combination of the Balanced and Plus Plans o Higher payouts while preserving flexibility in the use of Retirement Account savings prior to age 65 o Members can also leave a bequest for their beneficiaries 2.Basic Plan o For members who prefer to leave a higher bequest and lower monthly payouts o Allows members to use their RA savings for housing after 65 years old Members who are currently on the 4 current LIFE plans can remain in those plans, or switch to the new Standard Plan before 31 Dec 2013 *Source: CPF Board – New CPF Changes in 2012. More details on the new plans will be made available in 3Q 2012
CPF in Summary CPF OASAMA RA (created at age 55) MSS (age 55) LIFE (age 65) MA goes towards funding medical expenses Amounts in excess of MS can be withdrawn in cash as long as MRA is met Finances lifelong disbursement for retirement
Supplementary Retirement Scheme Was introduced in 2001 Complements the CPF savings as part of the government's multi- pronged strategy to address the financial needs of its aging population. This is due to the recommendations of the Inter-Ministerial Committee's Report on the Aging Population Contribution is voluntary, and can be in any amounts (subject to an annual cap) Contributions can be used to purchase various investment instruments Contributions to SRS are eligible for tax relief, and investment returns accumulated tax-free When withdrawn at retirement 1, only 50% withdrawal from SRS is taxable 1 Retirement refers to the Statutory Retirement Age, which is the retirement age at the point in time the contributor makes his first SRS contribution *Source: Ministry of Finance
Supplementary Retirement Scheme All Singaporeans, Singapore PRs (SPR) and foreigners can open an SRS account Must be at least 18 years old Not undischarged bankrupts, and Not mentally disordered and capable of managing themselves and their affairs To participate in SRS, you must first open an account (only one) with any of the 3 SRS operators: DBS Ltd OCBC Ltd UOB Ltd You may, however, transfer your account from one operator to another *Source: Ministry of Finance
SRS Contribution If you earn any form of income, including directors' fees in the current year, you are allowed to contribute to SRS Employers are also allowed to contribute to your SRS account on your behalf. Their contribution is treated as part of your remuneration, and thereby taxable in your hands. *Source: Ministry of Finance
Contribution Cap You can contribute in a year any amount up to your contribution cap The Contribution Cap is determined by the product of the Absolute Income Base and the SRS contribution rate *Source: Ministry of Finance Absolute Income Base = $85,000 Contribution RateSingaporean & SPR 15% Foreigner 35% Contribution Cap (Absolute Income Base) x (Contribution Rate) = 85,000 x 15% = 12,750 = 85,000 x 35% = 29,750
SRS Contribution and Taxation The contribution cap is calculated based on income earned the year previous to the year of contribution A contributor is entitled to tax relief on his contributions in the year following the year of contribution provided he is assessed as a tax resident in that year where the contribution is to be allowed. EXEMPT
Supplementary Retirement Scheme Assumptions: Starting Income $2,000pm, ROI 6%, General Inflation 3%, Income growth 5% Contributions grow tax-free, and only 50% of the withdrawals is taxed at the then-prevailing income tax rate
SRS withdrawals Under certain circumstances, SRS savings can be withdrawn with penalty. However, 50% of savings withdrawn will be subject to income tax if you 1. withdraw your savings after achieving the statutory retirement age prevailing at the time you made your first SRS contribution 2. withdraw your savings upon death 3. withdraw your savings on medical grounds – physical or mental incapacitation 4. full lump-sum withdrawals by Singapore Permanent Residents (PRs) who have cancelled their PR status and have been a non-Singaporean or a continuous period of 10 years preceding the date of withdrawal have maintained their SRS account for a period not less than 10 years from the date of first contribution to the SRS account. 5. full lump-sum withdrawal by foreigner who has maintained his SRS account for a period not less than 10 years from the date of first contribution to his SRS account. Under all other withdrawal scenarios, you will be taxed 100% of the withdrawn amount. This applies also for withdrawal upon bankruptcy and withdrawal before the statutory retirement age prevailing at the time of the first contribution.
SRS Withdrawal A withdrawal from the SRS can be made at any time subject to the penalty imposed (where applicable) on the amount withdrawn Withdrawal EventPenaltyPortion Taxed DeathNil50% Medical GroundsNil50% BankruptcyNil100% Foreigner (10 year rule)Nil50% Before retirement5%100% Upon first and subsequent withdrawal when retirement age is reached Nil50% Where no withdrawal is made even when you reach the then current retirement age. Nil50% *Source: Ministry of Finance
SRS withdrawals At Statutory Retirement Age, SRS balances can be withdrawn in 10 yearly installments. 50% of each annual withdrawal will be taxed at the prevailing income tax rate
Supplementary Retirement Scheme Assumptions: Starting Income $2,000pm, ROI 6%, General Inflation 3%, Income growth 5% Based on the hypothetical closing values presented earlier: An equal annual withdrawal of $124,511 can be made for 10 years Of the $124,511 drawn down, only 50% (or $62,250) will be subject to income tax Based on tax rates today, that would mean that about 90% of his annual withdrawal will remain intact This equates to about $34,400 per annum in today's value
Planning for Your Retirement Goal Setting Gathering Facts Analysing Facts Developing Solutions Implementing Solutions Periodical Reviews
Planning for Your Retirement Goal Setting Gathering Facts Analysing Facts Developing Solutions Implementin g Solutions Periodical Reviews What, when and why you intend to achieve in your retirement Cash Flow Statement and Net Worth, as well as other additional sources of income or expenses when you retire Determine how much you need and whether you have a shortfall Develop strategies that will help you reach your goals. This includes researching, comparing and shortlisting the various instruments available for this purpose. You will also have to put in place an implementation schedule Putting your plan into action Review your plan regularly, as well as track your progress.
Setting your Retirement Goals What do you envisage your retirement to be like? What would you like to do? How would you like to live? With whom would you be living with?
Common Misconceptions in Retirement There's always time to prepare for retirement, I can do it when I'm in my 40s or 50s I will earn more, so be able to save more, when I am older I voted for the government, so they must take care of me CPF Life or the Minimum Sum will be sufficient for my retirement I do not need as much in retirement as I do now when I am actively working. I will live simply My children will take care of me
How Much is Enough The more relevant question is "how much do you need?" Your need is determined by: The type of lifestyle you would like to have – everyone has a different expectation and it determines the periodic amount you want Dependent or Independent Financial Freedom or Financial Austerity Should it include a regular holiday or only focus on survival? The period you want to provide for How long do you want to provide for. Better safe (longer period) than sorry (shorter period)? All else being equal, does your family have a history of long life?
How Much is Enough Consider your potential expense pattern: Which expenses will increase/decrease? Ongoing Mortgage repayments? Debt repayments? Which current expenses will disappear? What possible new expenses will be needed? (Grand)Children Education? What other sources of funds will you have during retirement? CPF/SRS? Support from family (not usually considered due to its uncertainty) Sale of home (future values are uncertain, and costs involved in selling/buying of homes may be significant) Do you want to leave anything behind for your loved ones? Legacy and Inheritance Wills and Trust How far along are you towards building your retirement fund? How much resources have you already set aside for this? How much more do you need to commit?
Key to Successful Retirement Increase Funding If possible, increase your sources of income, especially passive income Reducing impact of expenses Expenses can only be estimated within certain margins Use of risk management instruments to mitigate impact of unexpected expenses – Medishield, Eldershield, Critical Illness and Personal Accident
Funding your Retirement Expenses How much should you provide for expenses when you retire? 1. Rule-of-Thumb: 60% of your last drawn income just before retirement, or 2. Expenses that you incur today, adjusted for expected increase in medical expenses and possible reduction in lifestyle expenses (the net amount adjusted for inflation) Consider also new expenses arising during old age as well as existing expenses which will no longer be necessary Bear in mind that your lifestyle during retirement may not change very much from that which you currently enjoy
Quantitative Techniques When solving for problems involving retirement funding, the Present Value of Annuity Due is frequently used. Annuity Due is used because each "income" drawn from your retirement fund is required at the beginning of each year (assuming that you use an annual budget)
Quantitative Techniques *Please refer to Text, p463
Case Study 1 Gilbert, a manager aged 30, reckons that he will need $2,000 every month (in today's value) when he retires at age 65. Given his family history, he believes he will live to 90 years old. How much retirement funding would he have to accumulate when he reaches 65 years of age? (assume ROI and Long-Term General Inflation Rates to be 5% and 3.5% respectively)
Case Study 1 (con't) Step 1 – Determine the Future Value at age 65 of Gilbert's current estimated annual retirement amount Step 2 – Determine the real rate of return (of inflation adjust return) for Gilbert's retirement fund (between his age 65 to 90)
Case Study 1 (con't) Step 3 – Calculate Gilberts Retirement Funding using the future value of his estimated annual retirement requirement as his annual income Note that the FV of Gilbert's requirement at age 65 (FV 65 ) has become the annual income requirement for his retirement, PMT 65,and the interest used is the real rate of return, i=1.45%
Case Study 2 Gilbert already has $150,000 invested in various instruments, and he estimates that his overall yield to be about 5%. Advise Gilbert if he will be able to reach his retirement target (previously determined), and if not how much more he must save annually to be able to do so. (assume ROI and Long-Term General Inflation Rates to be 5% and 3.5% respectively)
Case Study 2(con't) Step 1 – Determine the Future Value at age 65 of Gilbert's current investment portfolio Given that Gilbert needs $1,691,907 to retire, and that his current portfolio will grow to only $827,402, Gilbert still has a shortfall of $864,502
Case Study 2(con't) Step 2 – Determine how to make up the shortfall of $827,402 One way to do this is by additional annual contributions to his savings which will be invested at his current (comfortable) yield to make up the difference. To find the annual savings, we manipulate the Future Value of Ordinary Due* formula *Please refer to Text, p59 This means that in order for Gilbert to make up his shortfall, he will need to save an additional $9,161 every year, and invest it instruments which will yield a minimum of 5%pa
Additional Reading CPF Board Website http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/Members/Gen-Info/mbr-Gen-info.htm http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/Members/Gen-Info/mbr-Gen-info.htm Report by the National Longevity Insurance Committee (NLIC) http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/Members/Gen-Info/CPF_LIFE/NLIC.htm http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/Members/Gen-Info/CPF_LIFE/NLIC.htm Ministry of Finance SRS Booklet http://app.mof.gov.sg/supplementary_retirement_scheme.aspx http://app.mof.gov.sg/supplementary_retirement_scheme.aspx NLIC SRS Main CPF Member Main
Conclusion How well you plan today, and carry out what you plan, determines how well you live when you can no longer plan
Hey… you! You'll never get there unless you stop looking at this poster and get back to work!
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Book is Bargain Priced starting 08/10/2015 and ending 08/16/2015. Check the price on the book before you purchase it, prices can change without notice.
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Trip Planner: Europe / Italy / Tuscany / Province of Florence / Barberino Val d'Elsa / Wineries / Castello della Paneretta
Castello della Paneretta is located in Barberino Val d'Elsa. It couldn't be easier to arrange your visit to Castello della Paneretta and many more Barberino Val d'Elsa attractions: make an itinerary online using Inspirock's Barberino Val d'Elsa trip itinerary planner.
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Plans in Barberino Val d'Elsa by other users
8 days in Province of Florence BY A USER FROM UNITED STATES November, culture, relaxing, slow & easy, hidden gems PREFERENCES: November, culture, relaxing ATTRACTION STYLE: Hidden gems PACE: Slow & easy 3 days in Barberino Val d'Elsa BY A USER FROM INDIA September, popular PREFERENCES: September ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular PACE: Medium 3 days in Barberino Val d'Elsa BY A USER FROM INDIA September, teens, popular PREFERENCES: September, teens ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular PACE: Medium
Crystal B
We spent a few hours on a private tour of the winery and then a delicious lunch was served with our tasting. It was a day that we will always remember. The quiet and majestic surroundings, the ancient... more »
On our recent trip to Italy we were in the Tuscany area at Barberino Val D'Elsa and took the wine tour offered by Castello della Paneretta much to all of our delight. It is a beautiful small castle wi... more »
Premetto che la visita non è molto economica: 25 euro per una degustazione base di tre vini con assaggi di salumi e formaggi, miele se disponibile. Cmq vale la location, la spiegazione esaustiva della... more »Let me start by saying that the visit is not very economical: 25 euros for a standard tasting of three wines with tastings of cold cuts and cheeses, honey if available. CMQ is the location, the explanation of the Guide and good wine served in a nice, comfortable tasting room.View original
Jamie Rogers
We did a tour of the winery last year, it was a beautiful house, and the wine was nice to :-)
Mark Craddock
We booked this apartment for 7 days, but only stayed for 4 nights while we tried to get a refund because the apartment is not as described. 1. The apartment is described as "Fantastic Apartment with two Bedrooms and two Bathrooms Located in a fairy Castle property" The apartment is not in the castle, it is an annex to the castle. Following our complaint the listing has now been updated. 2. The apartment was described has having fast internet. This is not the case, the internet is slow and unreliable. Airbnb offered us the opportunity to purchase a mobile dongle, but the phone signal in the area is so poor, even this would not provide a decent internet connection. 3. The apartment was described as having a policy of no children under 12, which we liked, as we wanted a peaceful time in Tuscany. On arriving at the apartment, there was another family in the apartment above with two children aged 6. 4. Due to the construction of the apartments being from 1500's there is no sound or heating insulation in the walls, floors, ceilings or roof. You can hear nearly everything from the apartment above and with two children running around, its like someone banging a drum. We requested to leave early due to the misrepresentation of the listing, but Antonio refused to provide a refund, stating; "We are not willing to make a refund" "However tomorrow morning at 9 I'll be there at the Castle because I really like to meet you and to try to find a solution" Antonio never visited us during our short stay. This was the excuse for poor internet "... we had a bad weather last 2 days and probably this is the problem." "On AIRbnb we used to not accept children (our first choice) ...but if the apartment is empty (as last minute offer) we can accept also children.... on the listing there isn't the assurance to all the guests that children aren't in the structure. " Due to Antonio 'knowing' the French family staying above us as confirm in his response "And we also talked to the family, we know them" we felt we were not treated fairly by Antonio, and he never treated our complaint seriously. We felt the whole team onsite are not used to people complaining and they were always right. Due to the apartment not having air conditioning all the windows in the apartment needed to be left open, but this just gave us another problem with insect bites. The price of the apartment dropped after booking, if we left it to the last minute we could have made a saving.
Best things to do in Barberino Val d'Elsa
Alessandro Cammilli Private Tours
Visit for: 3h
Castello di Verrazzano
Visit for: 3h
Walls of Monteriggioni
Visit for: 1h 30min
Abbazia di San Galgano
Visit for: 1h
Ciacci Piccolomini d'Aragona
Visit for: 2h 30min
Spas & Wellness
Visit for: 2h
Hidden Gems©
Castello di Monterinaldi
Visit for: 1h 30min
Val d'Orcia
Visit for: 2h
Azienda Agricola Leuta
Visit for: 2h
Castello del Trebbio
Visit for: 3h
Podere Il Cocco
Visit for: 1h 30min
Accademia Del Buon Gusto Sas Di Anna Sterbakova
Visit for: 2h
Kid Friendly Attractions©©
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I have these cans for about 6 weeks now. Love them. I use them all the time. First of all, I think they need to broken-in for 50-100 hours. Otherwise, the base is kind of out of control. P7 wireless are the first bluetooth cans that I can stand. Why? usually the music from bluetooth streaming kind of breaks up at the end of a note/ sound for my ears. when I use the P7W thru bluetooth, not so much breaking up. The 'end' sound/note is still not very clear (not sure when it completely stops, if you know what I mean), it's kind of rolls off, but it is ok, it doesn't affect the music as much as the other cans. When I use these with the cable, of course it sounds even better. But when I don't want any wire around me, these are perfect. At times, the sound reminds me of music from vinyl, no joke! If you use these to streaming mp3 thru bluetooth, it's kind of a waste, IMHO. I use bluetooth with TIDAL from the iPhone half of the time, it sounds pretty good, it' lowers quality I am willing to go. It sounds even better if I use bluetooth with Amarra for TIDAL on my mac, it' so much better. Almost can't believe its from bluetooth. I have had no problem with bluetooth connection with the iPhone 7 plus, ever. I use mostly 10-30% of the volume and it's more than enough for me. I think the controls are ok, they are fine to use, not great. I don't know if it applies here: more controls on the cans would affect the sound. May be that's why a lot of high end cans don't have many controls, if any at all. There, I love the sound, nice and warm, it sounds like music being played. Not only sound being broadcasted. I can listen to them for a long long time. I love music. If you like warm musical sounds, these are the best bluetooth headset I have listened so far! And I am very picky about sound.
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It's early December and there has been snow on the peaks in the Canadian Rockies for several weeks now, which means that thoughts about skiing and snowboarding have started to enter the minds of snow sports lovers across the country. Probably the most common question for skiers and riders at this time of year is:
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Mount Norquay opened on December 2 2016. At the time of writing (Dec 7), 3 lifts and 8 runs are open, including Spirit chairlift.
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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
My husband was hit head on by man who was charged with DUI (he was on prescription drugs that were his wife's ) we believe it totaled the car as well. My husband he suffering from severe head and neck aches now.
Your husband has an excellent case case as he can recover compensatory damages for his injuries as well as punitive damages based on the fact that the Defendant was DUI.
honest questions: are punies covered in Georgia? do most policies seek to exclude DUI liability?
Certainly hire a lawyer. They can help with steering you through the complicated hurdles insurance companies put up and punitive damages may be available against the drunk driver.
Please CLICK the button if I HELPED or was BEST ANSWER. No attorney-client relationship is established and responses here are general first impressions. You should consult with a lawyer about your problems. More about our firm is located at www.knowthelawyer.com.
You should definitely retain an attorney because of the complicated situation DUI collisions create. You are entitled to special damages (called punitive damages) in many instances and those damages can be much greater than would otherwise be available. We settled a similar case recently, and the article I have linked to below outlines some of the essential steps in litigating a case involving a DUI collision. Do not talk to the insurance company until you have a lawyer, and make sure your husband gets proper medical treatment asap.
For more information, contact us at email@example.com or (770) 984-5380. The initial consultation is always free. This post is intended to provide general guidance, and should not be construed as legal advice. While I am an attorney, unless we sign a retainer agreement, I am not your attorney, and any information shared on Avvo does not create an attorney-client relationship. Please mark this answer as "Helpful" or "Best Answer" if you like it.
Yes, you certainly need a lawyer. As has been said, your husband may be entitled to both compensatory and punitive damages.
Seek immediate medical attention; if practical, document anything you can regarding injuries, property damage, and witness statements (especially with pictures and written statements); seek a referral to a qualified personal injury attorney for a free initial case evaluation; and retain counsel before you speak with the insurance company representing the other side.
This information is for general purposes and not intended to create the relationship of attorney-client. Readers should consult a qualified attorney in their area for proper advice in order to protect their legal rights. The author is licensed in the State of Georgia.
Yes. Retain one of the distinguished personal injury lawyers in your state above.
Yes you need an experienced GA personal injury lawyer. Even though the other driver caused the crash, his insurance company will not play fair with you unless you have an attorney to guide you through the process.
First of all, I am so sorry that this happened to you. I hope your husband is feeling better. Under the circumstances, yes, your husband should consult with an attorney. It's impossible at this point to know the full extent of your husband's injuries.
FIRST, get your husband to doctor or doctors immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment. THEN, hire a lawyer by going to the find a lawyer tab on Avvo and looking for a personal injury lawyer and/or an automobile accident lawyer. Interview a couple of lawyers--this can be on the phone or in person.
That said, exemplary damages, also called punitive damages, are almost always excluded from coverage in insurance policies (unless there is something in GA insurance law to the contrary, I would even feel comfortable saying they are always excluded). Please go into this soberly, with an eye toward what a realistic recovery might be. I have no stake in this--take my comments as coming from an outsider looking in. The liability in this case will go 100% against the defendant. Some carriers will seek to disclaim because the driver was DUI. Make sure your lawyer has dealt with this in the past. The next question is, how seriously injured is your husband? After that the question is, how much coverage does the defendant have and how much underinsured motorist coverage do you have? Does the defendant have assets that you would want to go after? Please don't delay in doing what needs to be done. I hope your husband feels better and I hope you find the right lawyer.
I am a co-author of WEITZ ON AUTOMOBILE LITIGATION: THE NO FAULT HANDBOOK. The opinions expressed in this answer are not intended to be taken as legal advice. These opinions are based on New York practice. I may be contacted at 212-553-9300.
While many states and policies exclude punitive damages, because of how GA law is written, most policies actually cover them to the liability limits.
that's great! that's why I put in the parenthetical.
Absolutely, the sooner the better. Head injuries are not something to fool around with.
We are currently handling a similar case to your husband's case right now and have previously represented folks with this very same fact pattern. While no two cases are identical I can tell you that based on experience you and your husband are in need of an attorney. Often times insurance companies exclude certain types of coverage when a DUI/narcotics are involved. A good lawyer can assist you and your husband with your case. My recommendation is to contact an experienced law firm that will give you a free consultation and case evaluation.
Getting straight answers from an insurance company in serious cases like your husband's can be like trying to grab a handful of water. So, yes, I do recommend that you retain an experienced attorney who has actually tried cases. There are all sorts of issues that need to be dealt with in this kind of case - getting pictures and doing a complete investigation, identifying all applicable insurance coverage, and, most importantly, making sure that your husband gets good treatment for his injuries. Sometimes folks can have head injuries that may not be obvious at first and they need to be thoroughly evaluated by a qualified Neurologist or other specialist. There are more than enough issues that will arise in your case to justify speaking with an attorney. I wish the best for you and your husband.
As my colleagues have said, it is recommended that you hire a car accident attorney who has knowledge and experience dealing with insurance companies. This will help in countless ways, whether it is advice as your husband's treatment progresses, whether to file a lawsuit or evaluation of your case from a settlement standpoint. Best of all, it costs you nothing unless there is a settlement and the attorney's office handles everything and does the talking for you, saving you time and trouble so you can focus on your husband's recovery and everything else you have going on. Hire an attorney soon and pass the work on to someone who's done this several times before with success.
*Attorney Thomas Andrew Miller (678-907-3600) provided this Reply which is intended to be helpful to the Asker and the Avvo Community, but it does not constitute legal advice and does not create any attorney-client relationship. You are urged to seek the advice of an attorney or, in some cases, a tax professional, before taking any action. **Was this Answer helpful? Please click to give the Answer a Helpful Vote or make it the Best Answer!
Yes, you need to hire an experienced personal injury attorney as soon as possible. Evidence must be gathered and preserved. Also, all potential insurers (including your own) should be put on notice as soon as possible. If you have not already done so, I would not recommend speaking to the defendant's insurance company, nor would I suggest your husband speak to the insurance company as statements you or your husband make could be misconstrued later in time.
Kimberly W. Grant
Law Offices of Wayne Grant, P.C.
You should definitely retain an attorney immediately. Accidents involving DUI create several unique issues that affect the value of your case and the ability to hold the at-fault driver liable. If the at-fault driver was indeed DUI, it should entitle your husband to punitive damages. If the at-fault driver was insured, his policy may or may not cover punitive damages. If it does, then this could significantly increase the value of your case. Contact an attorney familiar with Georgia law.
You definitely need one immediately! Do not talk to the insurer, who will use every statement to try to deny or reduce teh value of the claim. Make sure your husband gets immediate medical care as delay in treatment is also used by insurers to deny or reduce a claim.
If you find this answer helpful, please mark it here on AVVO as helpful. In answering you, I am attempting to communicate general legal information and am not representing you (and am not your lawyer). Do feel free to call me at 404-768-3509 if you wish to discuss actual representation (the phone call also does not retain counsel; that requires an office visit and appropriate paperwork). In that a forum such as this provides me with limited details and doesn't allow me to review details and documents, it is possible that answers here, while meant to be helpful, may in some cases not be complete or accurate, and I highly recommend that you retain legal counsel rather than rely on the answers here. (You can also email my office at email@example.com . An email also does not retain my office, but can help you get an appointment set if you prefer not to call). I am happy to discuss possible representation with you. Any information in this communication is for discussion purposes only, and is not offered as legal advice. There is no right to rely on the information contained in this communication and no attorney-client relationship is formed. Nothing in my answer should be considered as tax-advice. To ensure compliance with IRS Circular 230, any U.S. federal tax advice provided in this communication is not intended or written to be used, and it cannot be used by the recipient or any other taxpayer (i) for the purpose of avoiding tax penalties that may be imposed on the recipient or any other taxpayer, or (ii) in promoting, marketing or recommending to another party a partnership or other entity, investment plan, arrangement or other transaction addressed herein. Note that I am only licensed in Georgia and thus cannot practice in other states. I am also required to advise you, if your question concerns bankruptcy, that the U.S. Congress has designated Ashman Law Office as a debt relief agency that can help people file bankruptcy.
Based upon this limited information, it sounds like this could be a very serious case, and I agree with the others who have responded that hiring a lawyer would be in your best interest in maximizing your husband's recovery in a case like this.
This response does not create an attorney-client relationship with you or an offer to represent you. It is intended solely to convey general information and should not be construed as legal advice.
Yes you do. Traumatic head injuries are what insurance companies call hard injuries and their case valuation go way up in determining damages. Get a PI lawyer ASAP. Best of luck,.
This answer is provided by California Accident Attorney Manuel A. Juarez, Esq., 510-206-4492. Abogado de Accidentes de Autos de California: 510-206-4492. Abogado de Lesiones de Accidentes de Autos, provides answers of a general context. These answers are not intended to form an attorney client relationship. Oakland Abogado Accidentes Autos, Abogado de Lesiones Personales, Abogado de Accidentes de carros, Abogado de accidentes de Peatones, practices in Antioch, Berkeley, Concord, Oakland, Hayward, Martinez, Newark, Richmond, San Francisco and San Rafael. El abogado de lesiones y heridos en accidentes de autos, is licensed only in California. This information is good only in California and it is not to be taken as legal advice on car accidents, personal injury, divorce, bankruptcy or in any other type of situation. Esta respuesta es del Abogado de Accidentes de Autos, Abogado de Lesiones Personales, Abogado de Heridos en Accidentes de carros, Manuel A. Juárez, 510-206-4492. Abogado Hispano de Accidentes, Abogado de Divorcios, Abogado Latino de Accidentes, Abogado de Accidentes de Oakland, Hayward, San Francisco, California. Estas respuesta son solo para información general y no consisten en consejo legal sobre divorcios, mantención de esposas, mantención de hijos o bancarrotas. Las respuestas son comentarios legales que no forman una relación de abogado y cliente. Manuel Juarez, Esq., esta licenciado solo en el Estado de California.
You are receiving very good advice here. Contact a Georgia personal injury lawyer immediately. Also, your husband's health is the most important thing. He must go to the the doctor and thoroughly explain all his symptoms and his pain. Your attorney will deal with the insurance company.
If he has not already done so, the first thing he needs to do is see a doctor. Thereafter, he certainly can hire a personal injury attorney to pursue his civil claim for damages as a result of this collision.
Yes. There are numerous advantages to hiring a lawyer who handles punitive damages cases. Make sure to ask if they know all the laws as it relates to your recovery of punitive damages. Also make sure that you inquire as to how many DUI cases they have handled and litigated.
DUI Pain and suffering Premises liability for personal injuries Punitive damages for personal injury Personal injury Personal injury settlement Evidence for personal injury cases Witness testimony and personal injuries Types of personal injuries Personal injury and car accidents Drunk driving and personal injury Property liability DUI accidents Working with a lawyer Evidence
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Marble Maestro
Stone, Polishing, Diamond Polishing
Basically, a "Seamless-Feeling Floor" is created by filling in all gaps and cracks, grinding down where necessary, and following the 7 to 10 diamond polishing step process, to create a floor with a seamless feel and look. This thorough and unique procedure is a Marble Maestro exclusive.Many times marble floors are laid too fast, and the resulting floor is uneven, with sometimes quite obvious height differences between the stone slabs or pieces. Carefully installing the stones on a floor that does not bounce or flex, and setting down the sections first without glue to properly identify the vein direction, could ensure a smooth floor, but installers often don't take this necessary care.If your floor is not smooth, whether it be brand new, or years old, Marble Maestro can sets things right!The result is what we call a "seamless floor", and with our exclusive polishing and filling methods your floor can be transformed into an endlessly smooth unbroken surface.
And with no more lowered joints to discolor or to fill with dirt, this type of stone floor is easier to maintain.Best of all, future polishing or "refreshers" are a very easy and non-messy procedure. Creating a seamless-feeling floor Creating a seamless-feeling floor Creating a seamless-feeling floor Creating a seamless-feeling floor - the final floor Creating a seamless-feeling floor Creating a seamless-feeling floor Creating a seamless-feeling floor - the final floor Filling gaps and cracks to create a "seamless floor"
Filling gaps and cracks to create a "seamless floor"
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This stone can handle heat and wear and tear, but oil can leave unsightly stains.With an easy Stone Protection treatment, Marble Maestro can guarantee your marble or stone stain free for anywhere from 5 to 15 years.
Before and after of granite with protective sealing.
Marble Maestro then gives you a thorough "how-to" education on maintenance and care, and supplies you with all you need to maintain your beautiful stone surface, for a long-lasting finish.Many of our homes following our maintenance instructions need only call us every couple years for a light polish or refresher, as we call it.
Holes in a granite wall filled and blended.
Restoring serious water and other damage.
Using the latest methods and technology together with time-tried and tested Italian craftsmanship, Marble Maestro can beautifully restore any type of stone, in any environment.
Marble, granite, travertine, limestone, terrazzo, slate, diamond cutting and/or diamond dust polishing, floors, shower walls, counters etc.
On sight stone repairs such as nosing, holes, chips, replacement of cracked tiles and replacement of shifted wall slabs.
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Tag: chemist skincare
My Chemist Romance: Got ten minutes and $20? Then this is the post for you…
Tue, 3 April 2012 12:24PM
I am a Cosmetic Counsellor. Although I have no university certificate to verify this title, I'm claiming it anyway. See, I have spent countless hours counselling friends, family, bar maids and baristas on how to get the best product for as little spend as possible. This conversation peppers my everyday. It seems as soon as my… more
Confessions of a beauty-obsessed, cash-strapped uni student.
Mon, 24 October 2011 10:01AM
If you're a cash-strapped uni student like our Guest Blogger, Alexandra, you'll love these budget-friendly beauty buys.


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Marketing strategies
Explore related topics
As example, if you put up on a keyword, your website will arise high in the search results for that keyword. You just pay for successful searches where you get visitors to your site so using a PPC engine can very cost-effective.
Interesting Infographics: Creating a Sustainable Marketing Strategy
Facebook Marketing Strategy Tips! http://www.postplanner.com/marketing-strategy-examples-for-facebook/
The Most Effective Marketing Strategies: Word-of-Mouth 62% E-Mail 34% Networking 25% Social Media 23% SEM 14%
Does Your Content Marketing Strategy SUCK Here's 33 Tips for Success
7 Tips for Improving Your Social Media Marketing Strategy. #infographic AND Take this Free Full Lenght Video Training on HOW to Start an Online Business
How to Plan a Pinterest and Instagram Visual Marketing Strategy Infographic
How to Make Your Marketing Strategy Memorable and Stand Out from the Crowd #Infographic
A complete list of social media tasks and projects, placed onto downloadable checklists!
How to Build a Social Media Marketing Strategy for Your Business http://www.addthis.com/blog/2015/09/11/how-to-build-a-social-media-marketing-strategy-for-your-business/ #socialmedia #marketing


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Mao Y.,Tibet Institute for Nationalities
2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce, AIMSEC 2011 - Proceedings | Year: 2011
This paper combs out the connotations and features of inclusive development, which points out the necessity and significance of advocating the concept of inclusive development in Tibet, and puts forward views on the path of realizing inclusive development in Tibet. © 2011 IEEE. Source
Zhang J.-K.,Tibet Institute for Nationalities
Xitong Gongcheng Lilun yu Shijian/System Engineering Theory and Practice | Year: 2011
Based on sustainable development theory, sustainable tourism development system was established which was made up of population subsystem, society subsystem, resource subsystem, environment subsystem and tourism subsystem. A system dynamics model, which could describe the relations among the components in the sustainable tourism development system and its development, was built, using system dynamics. The system dynamical model was realized by software tool VENSIM. As an application of this model, a simulation was carried on of sustainable tourism development in Tibet. A best development pattern is presented through regulation of several key indexes, aiding to promote sustainable tourism development in Tibet. Source
Bai A.,Tibet Institute for Nationalities
2012 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks, CECNet 2012 - Proceedings | Year: 2012
How to get online audio packets quickly from network traffic is important to online audio surveillance and management. This paper presents a fast obtaining online audio packets algorithm. When the online audio stream appears, this algorithm could easily get all its following packets from network traffic only by doing xor and shift operation on IP address and Port filed of a packet. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in higher network traffic. © 2012 IEEE. Source
The adhesive performance and field emission performance of carbon nano-tube/bentonite composite film
Pan J.-Y.,Jimei University |
Shao M.-Y.,Tibet Institute for Nationalities
Faguang Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Luminescence | Year: 2011
Uniformity and stability of field emission are seriously influenced by adhesive properties between carbon nanotubes(CNT) and substrate. CNT/bentonite(bentonite power, BP) compound film are fabricated. Interlayer created by CNT and the basement decrease potential barrier of CNT film by adding BP, and thus contact performance is improved. Test shows that adhesive performance of CNT/BP film is enhanced. More-over, uniformity and stability of field emission increase distinctly. Source
Impact of fixed-dose combination of germacrone, curdione, and furanodiene on breast cancer cell proliferation
Kong Q.,Peking Union Medical College |
Sun F.,Tibet Institute for Nationalities |
Chen X.,University of Macau
Cell Journal | Year: 2013
Objective: Herb combination has been very popular in traditional medical prescriptions such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Persistent efforts and attempts have been made to dissect the action mode of TCM in recent years, which has provided certain evidence for inter-herbal interactions. However, the interactions among different components in a single herb have been largely neglected. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the interactions among different components of a single herb were explored. The effect of three main sesquiterpenes (germacrone, curdione, furanodiene) isolated from Curcuma WenyujinY.H.Chenet C Ling on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation alone or in combination with a fixed-dose-combination was investigated. Results: Furanodiene significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation while germacrone and curdione showed no effect. Germacrone enhanced furanodiene's anti-proliferative effect. Curdione showed no effect on furanodiene's anti-proliferative effect but partly reversed the anti-proliferative effect of germacrone and furanodiene combined. The morphological and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) changes showed similar results. However, they demonstrated complicated interactions on the expression of apoptotic-related proteins and key signal transduction proteins. Conclusion: Unpredictable and complex interactions among different components in Curcuma WenyujinY.H.Chenet C Ling may exist. The intra-herb interactions should be taken into consideration when attempts are made to interpret the art of TCM formulation or other similar recipes. Source


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If you want to pay your bill, please visit Dillards.com/payonline.
Item #04753951
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yes I guess I recommend it.
By Maria
from undisclosed
See all my reviews
Comments about Sweet Heart Rose Little Girls 2T-6X Faux-Fur Trim Houndstooth Dress and Jacket Set:
you like the outfit however I cannot give it another star because it is a Christmas gift. my grand daughter will not wear it until Christmas.
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Larkana: 2 clubbed to death over Karo-Kari
LARKANA: A man killed his 18–year–old sister and her alleged paramour over Karo–Kari here on Monday. Abid Ali Jatoi, a resident of Hatri, in the Dokri sub-division of Larkana, killed his – teenage sister Hurmat and 29–year old relative Ali Hyder Jatoi by clubbing them to death over allegations that they had illicit relations.
The alleged could not be apprehended till the filing of this report. The bodies were handed over to the respective families after post–mortems and a case was registered.
The original article can be found at The News.
Tagged under: Crime, Crime News, Honour Killing, illicit relations, karo-kari, killed, Larkana, murder, shot dead, The News


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The Republicans have come back to Obama with their own draft of the "budget".
Now, as you know, I'm an artsy fartsy writer type, so I'm sure you're catching on to the fact that I keep putting the word "budget" in "quotes". And if you've read their draft of the budget, you know exactly why. If you haven't, well... Let me spare you the suspense:
It's not a budget. It's a 17 page talking points memo full of charts that make NO FUCKING SESNE based on not an single ounce of actual data.
THAT IS A REAL CHART FROM THE REAL BUDGET. WHAT THE FUCK?!? (Full disclosure: I actually showed this to my wife, a statistics major and former actuary, before I included it here, just to be sure what I was seeing is what I thought I saw. She confirmed it by looking at it,and then looking up at me and saying "what the hell is that?")
The entire thing reads like a junior high school student's political debate rebuttal. It's retarded. And this thing is from the other major political party governing our nation. And before any of you try to argue that this was just a proposal, let me point out that John Boehner said "Obama said we didn't have a budget, here it is" and presented the document linked above. That means it's a budget.
While it's been alluded to before by myself and others throughout history, I believe that, for the first time here in 2009, individual political affiliation can be used as a fairly sufficient litmus test for intelligence.
Not because I believe the Democrats are smart. I don't. One visit to Los Angeles, Berkeley, Portland or any other major city with 90% "blue" population will show you this. There are some really, really stupid liberals out there.
But, at this point in our nation's history, I have to -- not want to, but HAVE TO -- be of the opinion that if you knowingly support the Republican party, you are a moron.
I do not care what schools you've attended, what degrees you have, what you do for a living... You HAVE TO BE A MORON TO BE SUPPORTING THESE GUYS. Either that, or you just plain hate yourself.
Want proof? Here you go (For those of you who are too lazy to click links [or too stupid to know how... REPUBLICANS...], the article is about two articles written as rebuttals to Obama's budget, by two different authors, that are identical word for word. Like I said, stupid). Even more proof - in the wake of "This wasn't actually a budget, we misspoke," The Republicans have RE-promised to deliver a budget... On April Fool's Day. Last proof: Joe the Plumber has a career, and fuck you ALL for putting that meathead fucktard on my television.
By the way, I'm not alone here. Read what Fark and Nate Silver have to say.
I want to make it clear - I don't hate Republicans. I pity them (as I do anyone who goes and hangs a label on themselves like this). They've lost their minds. Anyone who is so blindly adherent to an affiliation as their identity that they can't recognize the very poor theater troupe that this political party has become and divorce themselves from it... You are just sad.
You guys don't have to go change your core views of how you think a government should run, and I know a number of Republicans who cling dearly to the idea of the party that their parents had and for whatever reason, still think that today's Republican party is the embodiment of those beliefs. THEY ARE NOT. Those days are over. Today's neo-con controlled Republican party dress themselves in the clothes of the past and preach to you what you believe, while living an altogether different lifestyle with its own agenda. What the Republicans did to this nation and its Constitution from 2000-2008 is abhorrent. And what they've become since the populace heaved their ass through the front picture window of the national saloon is just pathetic.
If you're still one of them... You deserve it. All of it. Everything coming to you. Everything happening to you. The horrible misery you subject yourself to daily, hating everything that's happening in this nation for the sake of hating it... You deserve it. Enjoy it.


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ATLANTA -- Kroger Co.'s Atlanta division believes its private-label products are as good as any national brand's, and is making consumers an unusual offer to prove it.
The chain has instituted a private satisfaction guarantee program, called the "Kroger Brand Promise," which urges consumers to try Kroger's private-label products; if they don't like a product, they can get the comparable national brand for free.
The campaign began in March and is being promoted through half-pag
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If the traveler wishes to change or cancel the reservation, it has to be in written (e-mail, mail or fax) . By "change" it is considered a change in the number of people, or change of the dates of travel, at least 30 days before using the the service. First change of the reservation, if it is possible without extra expenses, will be made for free. For any more changes the traveler will be charged the expenses of 15 EUR per change. If the change of the reservation is not possible, and the traveler cancels a confirmed reservation because of it, lower mentioned conditions apply. Any change of accommodation unit and any change within 30 days before using the service is considered a cancellation of the reservation.
The cancellation costs will be calculated from the date on which Uniline d.o.o. receives a written request for the cancellation, and it is as follows:
For every cancellation of the reservation Uniline d.o.o. charges 25 EUR of manipulative expenses. If the traveler has to cancel within 7 days before using the service, Uniline d.o.o. offers the traveler a possibility to find a new user for the same reservation (if it is possible), in which case Uniline d.o.o. charges only for an exchange fee. The new user has all the responsibility from these "General conditions".
If the costs of the accommodation are in fact higher than what was initially given, Uniline d.o.o. has the right to charge the difference. The above mentioned cancellation fees are used primarily for the changes of the reservation, but also for all other essential changes.
By realizing the payment for the booking, the client certifies that he/she is completely familiarized with all the details and conditions under which the particular accommodation unit is offered. By realizing the payment, everything stated in these General Terms and Conditions, becomes a legal obligation of the client and of the Agency. all the conditions and terms specified in this contract become legal obligation of both the client and the Agency.
In the case of cancellation of confirmed reservation for the car rental service, the cancellation costs for the car rental service are as follows:
- For the cancellation Uniline d.o.o. charges the advance paid as confirmation of the reservation.
Applies only if the guest bought "Travel cancellation insurance".
In this case "General terms" of Allianz Travel insurance are valid.
Here are the articles that refer to "Travel cancellation insurance":
Sum insured
Article 41
1. The sum insured equals the price of the travel agreed and paid by the Insured at a travel agency in respect of which he/she has concluded an insurance contract with the Insurer.
Scope of the Insurer's liability
Article 42
1. The Insurer shall pay 90% of the amount charged to the Insured by the travel agency in accordance with the provisions concerning cancellation which are contained in the terms and conditions of the travel agreement.
2. The Insurer shall indemnify the costs of travel cancellation if the trip in question has been cancelled because of any of the following events affecting the Insured him/herself or any risk person:
a) death
b) sudden acute illness which requires an urgent medical care;
c) accident involving a severe bodily injury;
d) pregnancy disorders;
e) intolerance of vaccination which the Insured was obliged to take according to valid legal regulations of the country of destination;
f) losses of and/or damages to property caused by fire, natural disaster or deliberate criminal act of a third party;
g) military exercise.
3. Risk persons within the meaning of these Terms and Conditions are:
- spouse or co-resident common-law spouse,
- children,
- parents,
- siblings,
- grandparents of the Insured or of the Insured's spouse or co-resident common-law spouse only in the case of occurrence of the event referred to in Article 42, paragraph 2, item (a) (death).
Notification of insured event
Article 43
1. The Insured is obliged within 3 (three) working days of occurrence of any reason for travel cancellation as specified in Article 41 of these Terms and Conditions to cancel the trip at the travel agency with which he/she has entered into the travel agreement.
2. If the Insured had to cancel the contracted or commenced trip for any of the reasons specified in Article 42 of these Terms and Conditions, he/she is obliged to inform the Insurer thereof in writing within 15 days, at the latest, from the date of occurrence of the reason for cancellation.
Article 44
1. The Insured is obliged, within 30 days, at the latest, of the date when the trip should commence according to the original plan, submit to the Insurer a claim along with the following documents:
a) original insurance policy;
b) payment slip and travel agreement whereby he/she confirms that the travel has been paid for;
c) a written certificate of the travel cancellation by the travel agency; the date of travel cancellation must be shown clearly and explicitly, and in the case of termination of a trip that has already commenced, the date and place of cancellation of the trip must be specified;
d) written statement by the travel agency showing the amount that has been charged to the Insured because of cancellation or termination of the trip;
e) if a trip is cancelled or terminated because of illness, bodily injury, pregnancy or intolerance of a vaccine, the Insured must submit to the Insurer the complete medical documentation relating to the illness, injury, pregnancy and vaccination, which is associated with the Insured's inability to travel, as well as a sick-leave report or the employer's certificate on the use of paid holiday in that period, if the Insured is employed;
f) if a trip is cancelled or terminated because of death, the Insured or Beneficiary must submit to the Insurer the death certificate or an extract from the Register of deaths;
g) if a trip is cancelled or terminated because of a loss of and/or damage to property or military exercise, the Insured must submit to the Insurer a certificate of the competent authority.
These Terms and Conditions shall be applied from 1 July 2006.
|Download travel insurance terms


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Northern Districts MccSports Motor Cycling Centres
Po Box 139, Round Corner, NSW 2158
Best match results for: CATEGORY = Motor Sport Activities for Kids + LOCATION = Hawkesbury
Po Box 139, Round Corner, NSW 2158
Please Call Us For Enquiries, Wilberforce, NSW 2756
In addition to the results above, we also have included a selection of related kids activities that may interest you.
Motor sport activities for kids around Hawkesbury
Lot 1, Rickards Road, Castlereagh, NSW 2749
Po Box 306, Penrith, NSW 2750
112 Rickards Road, Castlereagh, NSW 2749
Vineyard, NSW 2765
112 Rickards Rd, Castlereagh, NSW 2749
50 Peter Brock Drive, Eastern Creek, NSW 2766
85-101 Redmayne Road, Horsley Park, NSW 2175
P.O. Box 608, St Marys, NSW 2760
Po Box 224, St Clair, NSW 2759
Po Box 6998, Blacktown, NSW 2148
Commercial Rd, Kellyville, NSW 2155
PO Box 6747, Blacktown, NSW 2148
Sport activities for kids in Hawkesbury
Rickards Road, Warrimoo, NSW 2774
358-360 Hawkesbury Road, Winmalee, NSW 2777
Hawkesbury Rd, Winmalee, NSW 2777
Hawkesbury Road, Winmalee, NSW 2777
Rickard Rd, Warrimoo, NSW 2774
Sport activities for kids around Hawkesbury
SPRINGWOOD, BLAXLAND, HAZELBROOK,LEURA, WINMALEE, Springwood, NSW 2777
Servicing Winmalee, Blaxland East, Faulconbridge and 8 other suburb(s)
This business can travel to you.
I sent my kids to mountain wolves tkd and they love it they have learned so much about self defence, discipline and heaps more and thats just in one term id recommend this place to every body doesn't matter skill or age i love it.
SUN VALLEY OVAL, SUN VALLEY ROAD, Springwood, NSW 2777
Springwood, NSW 2777
Springwood, NSW 2777
Plateau Rd, Springwood, NSW 2777
Hawkesbury Rd, Springwood, NSW 2777
13 Woodville Street, Glenbrook, NSW 2773
St Johns Oval, Blaxland, NSW 2774


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|"Tsz Wo (Nicholas), SZE (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] [Commented] (HDFS-1840) Terminate LeaseChecker when all writing files are closed.
|Tue, 19 Apr 2011 20:20:05 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-1840?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13021763#comment-13021763 ] Tsz Wo (Nicholas), SZE commented on HDFS-1840: ---------------------------------------------- Thanks Suresh for the comments. > Why is terminating the thread important? Otherwise, the number of threads keeps increasing when there are multiple {{DFSClient}}. This is particular important for server applications like {{JobTracker}} or Oozie. > 1. DFSClient.java ... I will change everything in my next patch. > Terminate LeaseChecker when all writing files are closed. > --------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: HDFS-1840 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-1840 > Project: Hadoop HDFS > Issue Type: Improvement > Components: hdfs client > Reporter: Tsz Wo (Nicholas), SZE > Assignee: Tsz Wo (Nicholas), SZE > Attachments: h1840_20110418.patch > > > In {{DFSClient}}, when there are files opened for write, a {{LeaseChecker}} thread is started for updating the leases periodically. However, it never terminates when when all writing files are closed. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
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