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Volkswagen for Sale
Selected Filters:Type of Ad: Vehicles for Sale Make: Volkswagen
1972 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Cabriolet 1972 Type 14, Bahia Rot in good conditio
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen Karmann Ghia cabriolet 1972 Type 14, Bahia Rot in good condition. This VW Karmann Ghia convertible was delivered in 1972 and the car is... More
1975 Volkswagen Transporter 1975 in reasonably good condition
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen T1 1975 in reasonably good condition This is a 1975 Volkswagen T1. The car is in a reasonably good condition with some traces of... More
1969 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Cabriolet 1969 in very good condition
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen Karmann Ghia cabriolet 1969 in very good condition This marvelous VW Karmann Ghia convertible was delivered in 1969 in a beautiful white paint. The... More
1979 Volkswagen Westfalia
Grand Rapids, MI
This 1979 Volkswagen Westfalia has been completely restored and ready to drive away. It is a rare automatic and is show quality. ... More
Advertiser since 2009
1965 Volkswagen Beetle
Lutz, FL
Rock bottom price on an interesting classic already has your attention, and so all the custom touches will only make you an ever larger... More
1960 Volkswagen T1 Bus Combi 1960 restored
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen T1 Bus Combi 1960 restored Original Germany delivered 1960 VW T1. This bus is fully restored, has beautiful new blue-white paint combination. Lots of... More
1971 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen Karmann Ghia cabriolet 1971 in good driving condition This is a 1971 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia convertible. This car is in a good driving condition.... More
1974 Volkswagen Cabriolet Convertible
Stratford, NJ
1974 VW Cabriolet (Convertible) Low miles in very good condition fun in the sun at a fraction of the cost and a great investment... More
2005 Volkswagen Beetle Sun Flower Edition
Stratford, NJ
Just arrived Our own creation The Sun Flower Edition 2005 VW Bug Convertible. Shes looking good with her Daisy Wheels.... Loaded with all the... More
1977 Volkswagen Beetle Super Beetle
Stratford, NJ
Just Arrived!! 1977 VW Beetle New Gray Paint Very nice interior looks great!!! Good running and driveing car that will through you back in... More
1973 Volkswagen Beetle 1303LS cabriolet 1973, restored in marvelous condi
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen Beetle 1303LS cabriolet 1973, restored in marvelous condition This is an original 1973 Volkswagen Beetle 1303LS convertible. Recently the car was provided with new... More
1974 Volkswagen T1
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen T1 1974 in neat condition This is a 1974 Volkswagen T1. The paint is in neat condition. Both the interior and paint have some... More
1970 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Cabriolet 1970 in very good condition
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen Karmann Ghia cabriolet 1970 in very good condition This beautiful VW Karmann Ghia convertible was delivered in 1970. The VW has beautiful green paint... More
1973 Volkswagen Thing Convertible
Sarasota, FL
Don't waste your time looking for this vehicle on anybody else's lot. Cause #1, there aren't any! #2, if you do find one, it... More
Advertiser since 2012
1967 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Karmann Ghia
Montreal, QC
1967 Karmann Ghia Black/Black 86 428 miles 4Cyl 1800CC (Fully Built by Bug Creations) Manual 4 Speed 911 Recaro Leather Seats US Specs 25 900$ CAD... More
1957 Volkswagen Beetle Oval Window
St. Louis, MO
1957 Volkswagen Beetle Solid Arizona/California VW Final year for oval-window Beetles Beautifully restored in factory Pastel Green paint with a light beige interior, complete with oatmeal carpet... More
1954 Volkswagen Beetle
Chatsworth, CA
1954 Volkswagen VW Oval Window Beetle Ragtop Sunroof. Completely restored to factory specifications, Stratus Silver with matching factory interior, numbers matching engine and... More
1969 Volkswagen Beetle
Highland, CA
1969 Volkswagen Beetle BajaThis bad ass purple skittle is made for the offroad scene but is fully capable and legal to drive on the... More
Advertiser since 2010
1973 Volkswagen Type 2
Scottsdale, AZ
The Type 2 marked the second generation of Volkswagens popular transported bus. Though overall retaining a similar shape, many design characteristics were changed from... More
1967 Volkswagen Beetle
Denver, CO
Worldwide Vintage Autos is pleased to present this 1967 Volkswagen Bug. We scour the country for vintage cars and trucks like this and we... More
Advertiser since 2012
1971 Volkswagen Beetle
Colorado Springs, CO
This 1971 Super Beetle was extensively reconditioned by Motorworks Restorations in Colorado Springs. We had one thought in mind when we took it to... More
1957 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Lowlight
St. Louis, MO
1957 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Marvelous condition with full show quality correct restoration, paint and mechanicals! Beautiful early variant Lowlight Karmann Ghia Volkswagen's original halo car Trout Blue exterior with... More
1956 Volkswagen Beetle Supercharged
St. Louis, MO
1956 Volkswagen Custom Beetle Supercharged Featured in the December 2001 issue of Dunebuggies and Hot VWs magazine! Complete engine rebuild with many performance parts Second owner invested more than... More
1963 Volkswagen Type 2 Truck
Houston, TX
Gateway Classic Cars Houston is proud to present this beautifully restored and rare Volkswagen Single Cab Pickup. This pickup has been nicknamed Pearl. Pearl... More
Advertiser since 2012
1968 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Coupe
Houston, TX
Now for sale in our Houston Showroom is this 1968 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia. The Volkswagen Karmann Ghia is a sports car marketed... More
Advertiser since 2012
1973 Volkswagen Beetle Classic Convertible
Delray Beach, FL
This1973 Volkswagen Beetle-Classic-Convertible is a Gorgeous RED finish with GRAY interior. Beautiful shines almost like new. Tires, wheels and finish on this vehicle are... More
1974 Volkswagen Beetle MIDGET BUG
Mill Hall, PA
1 OF A KIND!!!! SMALLEST BEETLE IN THE WORLD!!!!! A SURE SHOWPIECE!!!! COMPLETE RESTORATION AND PERFECT!!!! ... More
1955 Volkswagen Beetle
Colorado Springs, CO
Sale Pending... More
Advertiser since 1960
1966 Volkswagen T1 Custom Bus 1966 in good condition.
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Volkswagen T1 Custom Bus 1966 in good condition. The Volkswagen T1 busses were built from 1960 til 1967. This is a 1966 VW T1 Custom.... More
1972 Volkswagen Beetle
Grand Rapids, MI
Perhaps one of the most endeared car ever produced was the VW Beetle. Volkswagen literally rose from the ashes of WWII with the Volkswagen... More
Advertiser since 2009


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Brown discharge
I am on 18th day. We are trying to concieve. I am having brown spotting from yesterday. My usual period cycle is 28-30 days. But I am finding brown spotting on 17th day and 18th day. Should I be worried?
25 Views
Doctor Answers (1) on Brown discharge
Dr. Kuldeep Wagh
13 yrs. of exp | Pune | Gynecologist
There is no need to worry. I'f ur cycles r regular then it's fine.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Huawei Eyeing Personal Computer Market in Hope to Boost Sales
Huawei Technologies is likely to release their first personal computer by next month as part of the company's plan to catch up with Apple Inc. based on revenue. Whats interesting is to see if the world's largest biggest telecom equipment maker is able to translate their success story in smartphones market to the computer sector where demand is languishing in major markets. Huawei is now working with Intel Corp on an computer that is scheduled to be unveiled in February.
Huawei in a condition of anonymity that the company might release at least one tablet device during the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona Spain. Sources says that the matter is confidential and there will be an announcement regarding the PC business during the said event. Huawei may choose to enter the PC market even if its hard to attain profits immediately but Huawei needs to overcome challenges in making it into the PC idea to work.the PC market which include tablets is undergoing a tough time even with Apple seeing slow tablet sales,making it more important to Huawei to enter as there is still considerable revenues opportunities. But Huawei needs to have a leverage in the business to business channel in selling PCs instead of using the retail channel which will be a big challenge for them.
Global PC shipments totaled 71 million units for the fourth quarter if 2015, a 10.6 percent year on year ecline based on the industry constant International Data Corp. due to a weakening demand that is paired with currency fluctuation have negatively impacted PC shipments last year. this year willl remain difficult as the current gloomy economic outlook make the financial market uncertain in China that is also affecting multiple countries that weigh on Information Technology in spending in the future. Huawei might attempt to tap into the high end businessmen for PC sales to get and maintain a profit margin an premium laptop and tablets convertibles same with Microsoft Surface product line can be a reasonable device for the company.


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|Starters | Curry Zone | Rice Creations | Vegetarian | Pasta & Breads | Desserts | Chef's Special | Thali | Organic Food
Organic Food Menu
Available upon request.
• Appetizers •
Vegetable Soup: Made with fresh organic vegetables. $5.95
Chicken Bites: Chunks of organic chicken grilled to tenderness. Served with our special Dipping Sauce. $7.95
Green Salad: Made with organic cucumber, bell pepper, tomato, carrot and fresh mint. small $4.95 large $7.95
• Vegetarian Delight •
(all entrees will be served with organic basmati rice.)
(all entrees with stars can be made vegan.)
Channa Masala: Garbanzo beans in a special blend of spices. $13.95
Daal Tarka: Green daal, gently simmered and delicately spiced. $13.95
Matar Paneer: Homemade farmer's cheese and peas in a delicious curry sauce with/without cream. $14.95
Palak Paneer: Homemade farmer's cheese in a creamy spinach sauce. $14.95
Palak Aloo*: Potatoes in a creamy spinach sace. $14.95
Vegetable Korma: Fruit, vegetables and nuts in a tantalizingly creamy sauce. $14.95
Vegetable Jalfrezi*: Homemade farmer's cheese with onions, carrots & bell peppers cooked in curry with garlic & ginger. $13.95
Eggplant Bhartha*: Flame roasted eggplant puree with cumin, tomato and fresh herbs. $13.95
Vegetable Biryani*: Saffron flavored rice cooked with fresh vegetables, dried fruit and nuts. Served with raita. $13.95
• Chicken •
(all entrees served with organic basmati rice.)
Chicken Tikka Masala: Boneless chicken with our signature butter-cream sauce. $16.95
Chicken Tikka: Boneless chunks of organic chicken breast marinated in our special fresh herb yogurt sauce. $16.95
Chicken with Spinach: Boneless chicken with quick tampering of cumin, fresh tomatoes and
pureed spinach folded into our curry sauce. $16.95
Chicken Jalfrezi: Boneless chicken with peppers, garlic and ginger in a spiced curry sauce. $16.95
Chicken Biryani: flavored rice cooked with boneless chicken, dried fruit and nuts. Served with raita $16.95
• Lamb •
(all entrees are served with organic basmati rice)
Lamb Tikka Masala: Boneless chunks of organic lamb in our signature butter cream sauce. $18.95
Lamb Curry: Lamb in a tangy onion and vinegar sauce. $18.95
Lamb with Spinach: Chunks of organic lamb in a creamy spinach sauce. $18.95
Lamb Korma: A traditional sauce that is prepared with exotic spices, herbs & a cream sauce. $18.95
Lamb Biryani: organic basmati rice cooked with spiced lamb, dry fruit, nuts and served with raita. $18.95
• Bread •
Roti: Made with organic whole wheat flour. $2.95
Paratha: Made with organic whole wheat flour. $3.95
Gluten Free Naan Bread: $4.95
• Beer and Wines •
(Only organic Bonterra Wines)
Merlot: $7.50/glass $27.00/bottle
Cabernet Sauvignon: $7.50/glass $27.00/bottle
Chardonnay: $6.75/glass $24.00/bottle
Sauvignon Blanc: $6.75/glass $24.00/bottle
Organic beer: $4.50
Gluten free beer: $4.50
• Desserts •
Cake: Organic, gluten free, vegan and eggless cake. (four flavors to choose). $6.95
• Sides •
Organic Rice Pilaf: $2.95
Organic Raita: $2.95


text:
867 E 39th Pl,Hialeah FL, 33013
3 beds , 1 Full baths
1,024 sq. ft
Status: Active
Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Florida Realty
(888) 995-7779
Last Updated: 2/27/2017 10:29 AM
Description for 867 E 39th Pl Hialeah, FL 33013
WEll located home has month to month tenant
Listing Information
Public Sewer
School Information
Room Information
Family Room
1 Bedroom Ground Level, Master Bedroom on Main
Interior Features
Dishwasher, Dryer, Electric Range/Cooktop, Self-Cleaning Oven, Washer
Tile, Ceramic, Terrazzo
Central Air, Electric, Ceiling Fan(s)
Exterior / Lot Features
2 Garage Spaces, Covered, Driveway
Financial Considerations
Inside AccessTM
Current market conditions for 867 E 39th Pl
Active Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median list price$263,000
Days on market110
Properties for sale375
Sold Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median sold price$203,939
Sales to list price9,766.0%
Properties sold322
Median sq ft price$157
Arrows indicate 90 day trend
Listing Price History for 867 E 39th Pl
Hialeah Real Estate
Hialeah is located in Florida. Hialeah, Florida 33013 has a population of 226,837.
The median household income in Hialeah, Florida 33013 is $30,883. The median household income for the surrounding county is $43,464 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Hialeah 33013 is 42.3 years.
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text:
Ceremony Honors America's Fallen Military Heroes
Ceremony Honors America's Fallen Military Heroes
1156 results for 'freedom'. Showing results 721 - 738
Ceremony Honors America's Fallen Military Heroes
Brotherhood Emerges Victorious in Egypt Elections
Religious Freedom Commission Faces Shutdown
Democracy Question Remains Amid 'Arab Spring'
Skeptics Say Cain Campaign in its Death Throes
Judge Tosses Lawsuit against Ariz. Day of Prayer
Tenn. Town Sued for Keeping Crosses on Display
Atheists Crowd Out Calif. Park Nativity Displays
After Insults, Fox Host Kicks Atheist Off His Show
Atheist Group Hopes to Block Texas Nativity Scene
Ex-Heathrow Worker Claims Muslims Harassed Her
After Pullout, Iraq's Christians Still at War
'Muslim Mafia' Targeting Religious Freedom?
Some North Koreans have escaped from the Communist country and its human rights violations. Kim Eun Jin is one...
Dictators are falling and radical Islamists are filling the gap across the Mideast. Now they've got their sights on...
The United States is a leader in fighting religious persecution and even has a special ambassador for religious freedom...
On Wednesday's CBN Newswatch: Rick Santorum wins big in three races, religious freedom concerns over required birth control coverage,...
Jennifer Wishon heads to the White House for a chat with Suzan Johnson Cook, the woman President Obama tasked...


text:
Posted on 13 October 2015
- 09:00
The team started well after the long journey to Wales but the game changed in the space of four minutes in the first half.
First of all Michelle Green opened the scoring for Cardiff after a scramble from a free-kick and then the match-defining moment when Naomi Clipston's shot cannoned off the underside of the crossbar and was adjudged to have crossed the line for 2-0 by the officials. Goalkeeper Toni-Anne Wayne was then sent off for dissent.
Down to 10 players and 2-0 down, Spurs battled on until conceding a third to Kelly Aldridge eight minutes from time.
Jenna Schillaci was then denied from the penalty spot by home goalkeeper Laura O'Sullivan and an afternoon to forget was capped by Cardiff's fourth goal from Laura Williams in added time.
"We actually started well and looked strong early in the game, we knew we needed to start like that after the long journey in the morning," said manager Karen Hills.
"But we gave a poor goal away when we failed to clear our lines from a free-kick and two minutes later, disaster, we conceded the second, Toni-Anne was sent off and it was uphill from there, 2-0 behind and down to 10 players.
"Lucia Leon took over in goal and did really well, kept us in it until half-time and we competed well in the second half, we stayed compact defensively and Alex Keown and Jenna Schillaci were outstanding.
"We began to tire, conceded a third, then missed a penalty and conceded a fourth late on.
"It was one of those days, a bad day at the office and we'll move on."
Spurs take on Leyton in the London Cup at Cheshunt FC on Sunday (2pm).
Spurs Ladies: Toni-Anne Wayne, Mollie Kmita, Alex Keown, Jenna Schillaci, Lucia Leon, Shannon Moloney, Maya Via (Bianca Baptiste 46), Katie O'Leary, Avilla Bergin, Jenny Moore (Rosie Kmita 70), Leah Rawle (Riana Soobadoo 70).
10 January 2017
It might be New Year but it's the same story for Spurs Ladies, who
stretched their remarkable run to 19 wins and a draw in 20 games so far
this season with victory in the Women's FA Cup on Sunday.
12 September 2016
Spurs Ladies are determined to challenge for a place in the top three of the FA Women's Premier League South - and produced the kind of performance that might just take them there by beating Crystal Palace 1-0 on Sunday.
5 September 2016
Spurs Ladies began the defence of the FA Women's Premier League Cup in spectacular style on Sunday.
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© Tottenham Hotspur Ltd 2017. All rights reserved.
All photography copyright Getty Images (unless otherwise stated)


text: Where to begin? We've been going to Crown Candy for over 40 years. Not only is it living history, for years it was the one beacon in a rundown area of the city. Now, because of it, the neighborhood around it has completely regenerated. The reasons are simple. The place is iconic with old Coca Cola memorabilia all around. The... More


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8-Port Piston & Sleeve Set (454) by Losi
This item is discontinued and no longer available for purchase. You may want to search our site for a similar item.
Check Store Availability
Please be aware that pricing and product availability in-store may vary from what's available online because each store is independently owned and operated.
This is a replacement Losi 8-Port Piston & Sleeve Set, and is intended for use with the Losi 454 engine.
This product was added to our catalog on April 10, 2012.


text: 2017-02-20T06:33:43Zhttp://www.islandscholar.ca/oai2oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202422016-06-29T17:52:13Zir_thesisCollection Streptococcus agalactiae subclinical mastitis epidemiology and control in Colombian dairy herds Bovine subclinical mastitis produced by Streptococcus agalactiae (S.agalactiae) is a priority in the emerging dairy industries of countries like Colombia. The objective of this thesis was to provide a comprehensive exploration of the S. agalactiae problem in Colombian specialized dairy herds, in order to control this prevalent pathogen. The first research chapter using a longitudinal database from bulk tank milk somatic cell counts (BTSCC) of the Northern region of Antioquia, showed that milking by hand, fore stripping, and failing to post-dip were associated with the BTSCC variation. The second chapter, investigated the herd level risk factors for S.agalactiae Bulk tank milk (BTM) status of herds from the coffee region of Colombia, indicating that the S. agalactiae BTM prevalence was 23.4% and 59.6% of the herds were positive at least once during the study period. Biosecurity variables, milking practices, proportion of cows culled, and manual milking were associated with the BTM status. The third research chapter, using quarter-based measurements over two years, determined that 9.7% of the records experienced S. agalactiae new intramammary infections per lactation (NIMIs), and that S. agalactiae herd prevalence, milking by hand, previous intramammary infection with Staphylococcus aureus, age of the cow and days in milk, were associated with the incidence rate of S.agalactiae NIMIs. The fourth chapter, using two molecular typing methods, found low molecular variability of S. agalactiae, and suggested a limited number of sources of infection for these herds, with potential inter-host transmission of the pathogen. The final chapter, through a clinical trial, found that the cure risk after an initial treatment with an intramammary product was higher (82.4%) than the intramuscular therapy (65.8%), with no difference in the cure risk of refractory cases after re-treatment. These research findings will provide the tools to stablish effective S. agalactiae control programs in the country in order to improve the milk quality and the well-being of dairy producers in Colombia. University of Prince Edward Island Reyes Velez, Julian (author) Keefe, Greg (Thesis advisor) Sanchez, Javier (Supervisory Committee Member) Keefe, Greg (Supervisory Committee Member) Ceballos, Alejandro (Supervisory Committee Member) Chaffer, Marcelo (Supervisory Committee Member) Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Supervisory Committee Member) Wichtel, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member) McKenna, Shawn (Examination Committee Member) Jayarao, Bhushan (Examination Committee Member) Sanchez, Javier (Examination Committee Member) Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Examination Committee Member) Cameron, Marguerite (Examination Committee Member) 2016 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 226 application/pdf ir:20242 u1: gkeefe u2: Health Management lac: TC-PCU-20242 http://islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20242/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202432016-06-30T14:18:29Zir_thesisCollection Improved detection of a fish virus with a segmented genome by Real-Time RT-qPCR Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a virus that infects farmed and wild salmonids in Norway, United Kingdom, Ireland, Chile, United States and Canada. The virus infection is associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), an important disease in salmon aquaculture reported in Norway, Scotland, and Chile. The pathogenesis of PRV infection is still not well understood, and there is still controversy about its role in HSMI since some studies report high viral loads by RT-qPCR in both fish with and without lesions. The PRV genome comprises 10 double stranded RNA segments, and most diagnostic tests only target a few specific segments. Nevertheless, the amplification of transcripts by RT-qPCR is likely to be different since the copy number of RNA transcripts from each segment is in direct relation to the protein abundance. Therefore, this study aims to develop new RT-qPCR assays targeting the first five PRV genome segments and determine which transcript cycle threshold (CT) best reflects virus load in a fish tissue sample. The PRV cRNA standards were created by in-vitro transcription, and the copy numbers were quantified. Standard curves were generated making 10-fold serial dilutions of the PRV cRNA over a range of 1 x 108 to 1 x 104 copies/ul. The standard curves had a reaction efficiency of 95%, 92%, 91%, 99%, 90% for the L1, L2, L3, M1, M2 segments, respectively. These assays exhibited high specificity since no cross reaction with infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) and salmonid alphavirus (SAV) was observed. This study reports a highly significant difference (P<0.001) in the viral concentration obtained by targeting L1, L2, L3, M1, and M2 segments. Besides, a greater sensitivity was obtained for L2, L3 and M1 RT-qPCR assays when archived fish tissue samples were tested. Therefore, this approach may improve the detection of PRV in fish tissue samples and suggests additional PRV-segments to the current diagnostic criteria. University of Prince Edward Island Pérez Lazo, Jocelyn Ginette (author) Kibenge, Fred (Thesis advisor) Aburto, Enrique (Supervisory Committee Member) Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member) Hartwig, Sunny (Supervisory Committee Member) Kibenge, Molly (Supervisory Committee Member) Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Supervisory Committee Member) Martin, Chelsea (Examination Committee Member) Hanna, Paul (Examination Committee Member) Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Examination Committee Member) Hartwig, Sunny (Examination Committee Member) Kibenge, Fred (Examination Committee Member) 2016 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 86 application/pdf ir:20243 u1: kibenge u2: Pathology and Microbiology lac: TC-PCU-20243 http://islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20243/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202452016-06-30T14:29:31Zir_thesisCollection Optimal treatment regimes from productivity and economic standpoints: The management of suspended mussel lines using high pressure water treatments for the vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis The invasive tunicate Ciona intestinalis (L., 1767) had an economic impact on the aquaculture of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (L., 1758) in Prince Edward Island (PEI) and other areas. This tunicate fouls mussel socks suspended on long lines in the water, increasing the weight of the lines and reducing the weight and number of mussels, decreasing overall productivity and profitability. This study determined the relative effects of high pressure water treatment schedules over a 4 month period on two representative sites located in Murray and Brudenell Rivers on PEI. Results indicated that initiating treatment early in the season (July) and treating another 2 or 3 times on a monthly basis had the greatest effect on reducing tunicate numbers and size and enabling greater mussel productivity and farm profitability. While the most effective treatment may ultimately be site-specific, the two sites in this study support the notion that beginning treatment when tunicates are small is one of the most significant parts of a treatment strategy. The optimal treatment strategy needs to be balanced with the most cost effective regime to maintain or improve the economic potential of a mussel farm. Results show that a treatment regime that includes three or four treatments consistently results in an economic advantage over treating two times. If treating mussel socks only two times, treating them early also shows substantial economic advantage. University of Prince Edward Island Davidson, John D.P. (author) Johnson, Gerry (Thesis advisor) Quijon, Pedro (Thesis advisor) Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member) Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member) Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member) Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member) Landry, Thomas (Supervisory Committee Member) Speare, David (Examination Committee Member) Quijon, Pedro (Examination Committee Member) Landry, Thomas (Examination Committee Member) Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member) McNiven, Mary (Examination Committee Member) 2015 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 102 application/pdf ir:20245 u1: gjohnson u1: pquijon u2: Pathology and Microbiology lac: TC-PCU-20245 http://islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20245/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202332016-06-29T17:37:35Zir_thesisCollection Transportation of animals for slaughter in Canada: Welfare issues and regulatory control There are a number of factors involved in the transport of animals for slaughter in Canada that can potentially affect the welfare implications of transportation. These include fitness for transport, animal handling, climatic conditions (including vehicle ventilation) and journey duration. Legislation has been put in place as a means of control of industry practices to protect animal welfare during transport. This thesis examines the law relating to the protection of animal welfare during transport in Canada and assesses the impact of legislation in relation to animal welfare. The deliberations of the Canada Agricultural Review Tribunal in terms of its decisions in cases where they heard an appeal against a Notice Of Violation issued by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency for an infringement of Part XII of the Health of Animals Regulations provided one useful source of data with which to assess the effectiveness of the enforcement of the regulations for the protection of animal welfare during transport in Canada. Welfare issues when transporting poultry for slaughter are prominent. This led to a retrospective observational study of the risk factors when transporting broiler chickens for slaughter in Atlantic Canada. Results indicated that there are numerous interrelated risk factors inherent in the transport process affecting mortality during transit in Canada, with the most prominent being the weather conditions in which animals are transported. A significant interaction between the stocking density and the external temperature during transit was identified in the analysis. The mortality risk was higher in cold weather conditions compared with hot weather conditions. At very cold external temperatures, the mortality risk was reduced at high compared with low crate stocking densities, but it still remained higher than that at warmer temperatures. The stocking densities used by the slaughter plant were within the maximum recommended in the Canadian codes of practice for transport of poultry. Environmental conditions of high temperature and high humidity while at the holding barn, as indicated by an apparent equivalent temperature in the 'high risk' zone, resulted in a higher mortality risk than when the AET was in the medium or low risk zones. Keeping birds dry during transport results in lower mortality risk than when birds become wet. Large temperature gradients were recorded between the external temperature and that recorded within the trailer during transit and during the holding barn period, particularly in winter conditions when vehicle ventilation openings were most likely to be closed. This indicates a potential for heat stress to occur, even in winter conditions. Improvements in the monitoring and control of the thermal conditions (hot and cold) within trailers and the holding barn would be beneficial in reducing the mortality risk. During extreme weather conditions, consideration should be given to the ability of the equipment and facilities to provide appropriate conditions for the broilers when making decisions as to whether loading and transportation should be undertaken. University of Prince Edward Island Caffrey, Niamh (author) Cockram, Michael (Thesis advisor) Dohoo, Ian (Thesis advisor) McKenna, Shawn (Supervisory Committee Member) Cockram, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member) Dohoo, Ian (Supervisory Committee Member) McConkey, Sandra (Supervisory Committee Member) Black, Vaughan (Supervisory Committee Member) VanLeeuwen, John (Examination Committee Member) Revie, Crawford (Examination Committee Member) McConkey, Sandra (Examination Committee Member) Black, Vaughan (Examination Committee Member) Mitchell, Malcolm (Examination Committee Member) 2016 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 429 application/pdf ir:20233 u1: mcockram u1: dohoo u2: Health Management lac: TC-PCU-20233 http://islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20233/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202412016-06-29T17:37:36Zir_thesisCollection Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Atlantic Canada: epidemiology and culture methods The main aim of this thesis was to obtain information on the distribution and prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in Atlantic Canada at both a regional Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) and a regional diagnostic laboratory, as well as exploring culture methods for the detection of this pathogen. The strain type distribution of MRSP using the direct repeat unit (dru) typing approach in isolates collected at a regional diagnostic laboratory in Atlantic Canada is described in Chapter 2. Ninety-four isolates were successfully typed and demonstrated to belong to 18 different dru types. The majority of isolates belonged to dt11a (30.9%), dt10h (24.5%), dt9a (18.1%), and dt11af (10.6%). The remaining 15.9% isolates were distributed between 13 different dru types, nine of which have not been previously identified: dt5k, dt6t, dt8ag, dt9ba, dt9bd, dt10bz, dt10cc, dt10cj, and dt11ca. The predominant dru types identified in this study were similar to those found in Ontario, Canada; however, cluster 9a appears to be less common in Atlantic Canada. A significant difference in the distribution of clusters between provinces was detected (p = 0.01). Notably, differences in the dru types were observed between Newfoundland and the Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island). Cluster 10h was not present in the isolates from Newfoundland, while it was the predominant cluster in samples from PEI. Cluster 11a was the predominant cluster in both New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Resistance to ≥2 antimicrobials (in addition to β- lactams) was observed in 71.4% of the isolates, with isolates belonging to cluster 9a being significantly more resistant to all antimicrobials tested except fusidic acid, chloramphenicol, and doxycycline. This study confirms that dru type distributions can vary significantly across the same country, and previously unreported dru types were identified in Atlantic Canada. Chapter 3 describes the presence of MRSP in a regional VTH environment after cleaning and disinfection and its potential to cause hospital-acquired infections. MRSP was isolated from 16/137 (12% [95% CI 6.8%–18.3%]) of environmental samples after the first cleaning and disinfection cycle, and 1/14 (7% [95% CI 0.2%–36.0%]) of environmental samples after the second cleaning and disinfection cycle. Culture results and data retrieved from medical records implicated a hospital-acquired MRSP infection involving two canine patients. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that the MRSP isolates from these patients were clonal, further supporting a hospital-acquired infection. Since the same hospital personnel handled the MRSP positive patients in this case, transmission between patients was most likely via hospital personnel. PFGE of strains cultured from the environment and patient revealed that environmental strains were clonal to those from the patient associated with that area; however, non-clonal strains were also recovered from the same environmental area. The presence of MRSP in the hospital environment after cleaning and disinfection and a suspected hospitalacquired infection highlights the importance of a robust infection control program in these facilities. In Chapter 4, the prevalence of MRSP in clinical samples collected from dogs deemed high-risk for MRSP was estimated. This chapter also compared four culture methods for MRSP: traditional culture, mannitol salt agar with 2μg/mL oxacillin (MSAox), mannitol salt enrichment broth (EB) and MSAox, and EB and traditional culture. A total of 741 samples were analyzed from 556 individual dogs between February 2013 and April 2014. The prevalence of MRSP in samples detected by any method was estimated at 13.4% (95% CI 11.1%–16.0%). When prevalences were compared according to culture methods, EB and MSAox had the highest prevalence (11.2% [9.1%–13.7%]), followed by EB and traditional (10.8% [8.8%–13.2%]), then traditional (10.1% [8.1%–12.5%]), with MSAox having the lowest prevalence (8.9% [7.1%–11.2%]). MRSP prevalence using the traditional culture did not differ significantly from any of the three selective culture methods. Culture with MSAox detected significantly fewer MRSP than either of the enrichment broth methods. The addition of enrichment broth to current methodology is recommended, particularly in patients with a previous history of MRSP positive specimens. These results highlight how differences in culture methodology can influence prevalence estimates; therefore, caution should be exercised when comparing studies investigating prevalence. The MSAox had a low sensitivity for the detection of MRSP at 24 and 48 hours, and is not recommended as a rapid culture-based screening tool. The estimated MRSP prevalence in this study is similar to findings of previous studies in Canada and other parts of the world. University of Prince Edward Island Saab, Matthew E. (author) McClure, J. Trenton (Thesis advisor) Lofstedt, Jeanne (Supervisory Committee Member) McClure, J.Trenton (Supervisory Committee Member) Muckle, C. Anne (Supervisory Committee Member) Stryhn, Henrik (Supervisory Committee Member) Weese, J. Scott (Supervisory Committee Member) Hurnik, Dan (Examination Committee Member) McClure, J. Trenton (Examination Committee Member) Greenwood, Spencer (Examination Committee Member) Heider, Luke (Examination Committee Member) Stryhn, Henrik (Examination Committee Member) 2016 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 154 application/pdf ir:20241 u1: jmcclure u2: Health Management lac: TC-PCU-20241 http://islandscholar.ca./islandora/object/ir:20241/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202662016-07-12T19:08:16Zir_thesisCollection Public knowledge and perceptions of large-scale assessments Large-scale assessment has been used as an effective tool for government organizations to justify the well-being of educational systems in terms of accountability, gatekeeping, instructional diagnosis, and monitoring student achievement. The purpose of this study was to examine public knowledge and perceptions about large-scale assessments and thereby explore the accountability function of large-scale assessments. An online questionnaire combined with a paper and pencil questionnaire was distributed to residents in a small Canadian province using a nonprobability purposive sampling technique combined with convenience sampling. A total of 515 questionnaires were completed. The overall findings revealed that public was knowledgeable about students' most recent performance on the Programme for International Student Assessment but not the most recent performance on the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program. The public's perceptions towards large-scale assessments were in the middle of the scale and there was no statistically significant differences based on parental status, educational attainment, or cultural affiliations. Key words: large-scale assessment, common assessment, accountability, stakeholders, Prince Edward Island University of Prince Edward Island Yan, Yan (author) Miller, Tess (Thesis advisor) Miller, Tess (Supervisory Committee Member) Wood, Cindy (Supervisory Committee Member) Miller, Tess (Examination Committee Member) Wood, Cindy (Examination Committee Member) Gichuru, Wambui (Examination Committee Member) DeLuca, Christopher (Examination Committee Member) 2016 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 249 application/pdf ir:20266 u1: tsmiller u2: Education lac: TC-PCU-20266 http://www.islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20266/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_156862016-07-13T16:39:47Zir_thesisCollection Zooplankton communities in Canadian ports: Composition, relative abundance and occurrence of invasive species Aquatic invasive species (AIS) cause significant damage to their host ecosystems, altering habitats and native species dynamics. Initiatives to improve our understanding and management of leading stressors of ecosystems like AIS are being developed through collaborative research within the Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN). This thesis was developed in the context of preventing or reducing dispersal of AIS, facilitating early detection tools to rapidly and effectively identify AIS. In fact, one of the priorities of CAISN aimed at comparing results of several different approaches using traditional and molecular taxonomy to support the development of a national surveillance program. The overarching objective of this thesis was to identify zooplankton species from 16 "high risk ports" based on shipping traffic and ballast water discharges across Canada, four in each of the four coastal regions (Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Great Lakes). Zooplankton collections were conducted by four different CAISN teams, one for each region. 250μm mesh plankton net was used by means of oblique tows during summer periods of 2011 and 2012. The zooplankton was immediately preserved in 95% ethanol and fractioned for parallel projects including traditional and molecular taxonomy. A target taxonomic group (crustaceans) with a global invasion history was studied using a dissecting microscopic. As a result, approximately 14,400 specimens and 86 different taxa, 81 of which were crustaceans, have been identified to their lowest taxonomic level and reference list are provided. Among those, 13 NIS were identified, including Carcinus maenas, the green crab and Cercopagis pengoi, the fishhook waterflea. The number of NIS identified was fairly conservative considering the number of known NIS in each coastal region of Canada. Ordination tests were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities among ports and regions, and regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between propagule pressure and NIS occurrence. Considerable variation was found among and within regions and significant relationships (albeit modest) between propagule pressure (measured as ship traffic) and the number of NIS were found. Overall, the Artic and Atlantic Oceans were the most different and the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans were the most similar in terms of zooplankton composition. No significant relationships existed when the relative abundance of zooplankton were analysed but significant relationships existed when the number of NIS were analyzed. A separate analysis focused on the comparison among samples and ports of the Atlantic region. A first inventory list of plankton communities associated to ports in this region was developed and ordination analyses were used to assess their level of similarity. Overall, Port Hawkesbury and Halifax Harbour were the most similar and Bayside and Sept-Iles were the most different in terms of zooplankton composition. The data from the 16 ports included in this thesis will be deposited in a National AIS database providing baseline information to support future policy development, and studies on vectors and environmental assessments. University of Prince Edward Island Curry, Siobhan R.M. (author) Davidson, Jeff (Thesis advisor) Quijon, Pedro (Thesis advisor) McNiven, Mary (Supervisory Committee Member) Davidson, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member) Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member) Locke, Andrea (Supervisory Committee Member) Dumas, Andre (Examination Committee Member) Davidson, Jeff (Examination Committee Member) Quijon, Pedro (Examination Committee Member) Cox, Ruth (Examination Committee Member) Teather, Kevin (Examination Committee Member) 2015 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 117 application/pdf ir:15686 u1: davidson u1: pquijon u2: Health Management u2: Biology http://www.islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:15686/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf lac: TC-PCU-15686 eng Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202762016-07-18T13:37:08Zir_thesisCollection Resurrecting the shop: Examining the theory and practice of career and technical education This thesis examines the role of career and technical education (CTE) in the PEI Public School System through a critical ethnography. The research methodology involves 3 key components: (1) a critical textual analysis of 27 documents using a 3-point coding process, (open, axial & selective), to identify key themes, (2) a critical textual analysis of the 2013/14 PEI Program of Studies and Handbooks from the 10 English high schools, (3) a reflective auto-ethnography to provide a vantage point for the analysis and to locate myself as the sole investigator. Using this process I clarify where the discourses on public education marginalize CTE and perpetuate the false dichotomy between thinking and doing. Five themes emerge and are elaborated on: (1) the separation of thinking and doing, (2) the image of CTE, (3) the classification of CTE courses, (4) CTE teacher certification and (5) the need for a CTE philosophy for PEI. The research indicates the separation of thinking and doing is prevalent throughout the documents analysed, often resulting in CTE being presented in a deficit light and intended for students systemically identified as general or practical students. The research also reveals an attempt to define CTE as exploratory without further elaborating on the nature of the programs or the impact on student learning. The thesis concludes by recommending the PEI Department of Education, Early Learning and Culture adopt the sixteen strands of CTE (defined by the Association for Career and Technical Education) which would provide a coherent structure to frame CTE programming in the province and to engage CTE teachers in the development of a provincial philosophy for CTE. The University of Prince Edward Island is also encouraged to promote and encourage further research initiatives connected to CTE through the Faculty of Education. University of Prince Edward Island Stephens, John W. (author) Tilleczek, Kate (Thesis advisor) Tilleczek, Kate (Supervisory Committee Member) Srigley, Ron (Supervisory Committee Member) Tilleczek, Kate (Examination Committee Member) Srigley, Ron (Examination Committee Member) McAuley, Alexander (Examination Committee Member) Penner, Audrey (Examination Committee Member) 2016 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 215 application/pdf ir:20276 u1: ktilleczek u2: Education lac: TC-PCU-20276 http://www.islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20276/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202822016-07-19T18:28:03Zir_thesisCollection Decomposition kinetics of polymer-nanocomposite materials The synthesis of polythiophenes functionalized with an alkyl group such as coumarin and naphthol were performed successfully. A previously - described technique of WS2 synthesis from thiourea and tungstic acid was utilized to synthesize exfoliated WS2, which was employed to synthesize nanocomposite materials. Also, novel exfoliated polythiophene and poly(3-alkylthiophene) with naphthol nanocomposites using various percentages of tungsten disulfide were prepared using in-situ polymerization of the monomer with iron (III) chloride in the presence of exfoliated WS2. Additionally, the exfoliated nanocomposites of polyaniline were synthesized by an in-situ polymerization reaction of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in the presence of exfoliated WS2. The poly(3-alkylthiophene) decorated with naphthol was characterized by using techniques such as NMR, FTIR, and TGA. These techniques were utilized to determine the difference between the monomers and their polymers. Both polymers displayed a noticeable improvement in thermal stability. The exfoliated nanocomposites of PThN-WS2 were also characterized using techniques such as FT-IR and XRD.The results obtained suggest that there is an interaction between the polymer and the WS2 due to the vibrational change in the IR spectrum. Ozawa's method was applied to determine the decomposition kinetics of these exfoliated nanocomposites using the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The activation energies for PTh and their six different compositions of WS2 were measured under air. Each sample was studied using four selected heating rates: 5, 10, 20 and 40 o C/min. The similar procedures were followed to compute Ea for PThN-WS2 nanocomposites. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of nanofillers has improved the Ea value for PTh-WS2 and PThN-WS2 nanocomposites. It was found that the presence of alkyl group (naphthol) on the thiophene ring has enhanced the Ea by approximately 65 kJ/mol compared to pure PTh with around 79.9 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the values of the Ea for exfoliated PT-WS2 and PThN-WS2 compositions were increased by incorporating higher percents of WS2 in comparison to that of pure PT or PThN. Ozawa's method was also applied to determine the activation energies for the pure polyaniline and their nanocomposites with WS2. All experiments were carried out in a TGA at four different heating rates under a nitrogen atmosphere. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of exfoliated WS2 in polyaniline showed an enhancement in the Ea values. Also, 12.5% of WS2-PANI composition recorded the highest Ea with 165 kJ/mol compared to that of Ea of pristine PANI with 129.8 kJ/mol. University of Prince Edward Island Alsaedi, Wael (author) Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Thesis advisor) Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Supervisory Committee Member) Bissessur, Rabin (Supervisory Committee Member) Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Examination Committee Member) Dahn, Douglas (Examination Committee Member) Etkin, Nola (Examination Committee Member) Bissessur, Rabin (Examination Committee Member) MacDonald, Dany (Examination Committee Member) Etkin, Nola (Supervisory Committee Member) 2016 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 207 application/pdf ir:20282 u1: abdelaziz u2: Chemistry lac: TC-PCU-20282 http://www.islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20282/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_202832016-07-19T16:10:23Zir_thesisCollection Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic polymers This research is focused on the synthesis and characterizations of polyaromatic ethers using meta-, para-, and ortho-dichloro complexes of cyclopentadienyliron. First of all, polyaromatic ethers are a class of polymers that have received a considerable amount of attention due to their high-performance properties. These properties involve outstanding thermal and chemical stability, leading these polymers to be suited for high-temperature applications. Second, the incorporation of cationic η6-chloroarene-η5-cyclopentadienyliron moieties can facilitate nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions due to the intense electron-withdrawing ability of the monomers. Finally, the objective of this work was to investigate the solubility of both monomers and the effect of the different aliphatic length of diols when reacted with the iron complexes. It was concluded that as length of diols increases, the solubility of both monomers and polymers increases as well. It was also found that these polymers showed good thermal stability. University of Prince Edward Island Alharbi, Osama (author) Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Thesis advisor) Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Supervisory Committee Member) Bissessur, Rabin (Supervisory Committee Member) Etkin, Nola (Supervisory Committee Member) Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Examination Committee Member) Dahn, Douglas (Examination Committee Member) Etkin, Nola (Examination Committee Member) Bissessur, Rabin (Examination Committee Member) Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member) 2016 Text Dissertation/Thesis electronic 169 application/pdf ir:20283 u1: abdelaziz u2: Chemistry lac: TC-PCU-20283 http://www.islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:20283/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf eng author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_88532016-07-20T16:30:27Zir_thesisCollection Caribbean Small Island States and United States Hegemony in the Caribbean Region Baird, Roger (author) Bartmann, Barry (Thesis advisor) , (Supervisory Committee Member) Bartmann, Barry (Examination Committee Member) Srebrnik, Henry (Examination Committee Member) Sutton, Paul (Examination Committee Member) ---- The emergence of Caribbean small island states (SIS) through the 'demonstration effect' has resulted in even some of the smallest Caribbean islands achieving sovereignty. Past conventional security threats, such as the 1983 coup and intervention in Grenada, have resulted in the US Commonwealth Caribbean relations being interpreted in the context of US hegemony. Such an interpretation has been pejoratively interpreted as being negative, and therefore having a negative impact on Commonwealth Caribbean SIS. However, increasing recognition of unconventional security threats in the Caribbean (such as drug trafficking, illegal immigration, money laundering and gun smuggling) have led to the direct and indirect involvement of the United States (US) in the region's security agenda through increased regional cooperation. Despite negative connotations of US hegemony in the Commonwealth Caribbean, the US role in Commonwealth Caribbean SIS security can be considered that of a mentor state. This thesis will argue pejorative negative interpretations of US hegemony, in the context of the 1983 US invasion of Grenada, to assert that non-conventional threats are the predominant security threat to Commonwealth Caribbean SIS. University of Prince Edward Island 2011 Text thesis 212 electronic application/pdf ir:8853 Political Science http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:8853/PDF/ir_8853.pdf isbn: TC-PCU-8853 eng In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, the author has agreed that the Robertson Library, University of Prince Edward Island, may make this thesis freely available for inspection and gives permission to add an electronic version of the thesis to the Digital Repository at the University of Prince Edward Island. Moreover the author further agrees that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised the author's thesis work, or, in their absence, by the Chair of the Department or the Dean of the Faculty in which the author's thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author's written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to the author and to the University of Prince Edward Island in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in the author's thesis. Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_64542016-07-20T16:30:28Zir_thesisCollection Proteomic and biochemical approaches to investigate the interactions between the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica and the MSX parasite, Haplosporidium nelsoni Savoie-Swan, Victoria (author) Ross, Neil (Thesis advisor) Markham, Frederick (Thesis advisor) Markham, Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member) Chu, Fu-Lin E. (Examination Committee Member) Markham, Frederick (Examination Committee Member) Davidson, Jeffery (Examination Committee Member) Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member) Conboy, Gary (Examination Committee Member) Ross, Neil (Supervisory Committee Member) Kibenge, Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member) Berthe, Franck (Supervisory Committee Member) Davidson, Jeffrey (Supervisory Committee Member) ---- The host parasite system of the MSX parasite, Haplosporidium nelsoni, in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, poses many challenges for experimental study. The interactions that are involved in the development of the typically high prevalence and intensities of disease encountered in certain environments have not been characterized . The parasite is not-culturable and its life cycle outside of the oyster host remains unknown, as such the field is the only source of infective tissues available for study. The main goals of this research were to first, explore of potential protein targets involved in infection; second, investigate the tissues that provide optimal comparative value and third, test methodologies that allow for clear comparative analysis. In order to investigate this host parasite system it was first necessary to develop an experimental design that enabled the consistency of samples and reliable diagnosis of their disease state. Arriving at an experimental design involved the implementation of several laboratory protocols including one and two dimensional protein gel electrophoresis, enzymatic assays, the use of two diagnostic methods, field sampling and experimental field infection, in order to determine the most promising approach to describing the host parasite interaction. Two environmental systems in which MSX infects the eastern oyster were studied, the Bras d'Or lakes, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada and the York river system of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA. Within the Bras d'Or lakes samples, a population of oysters was discovered in which parasite pressure was present but the manifestation of disease within the tissues of oysters from this population was not found. The identification of a differential response to parasite pressure led to the comparison of proteins involved in disease from the three Bras d'Or lakes populations sampled. The new landscape of the parasite's presence in the Bras d'Or along with the targeting of several tissues and the comparison of different individuals with different disease states highlighted the need to control for variability in protein profiles. The concentration of further comparative protein analyses to the Chesapeake Bay system allowed for the experimental field infection of naïve oysters and thus the comparison of proteins from the same individual oyster's haemolymph over time. Once collected, these samples were grouped based on final infection intensity and the comparison of protein profiles indicated the presence of a protein after exposure to an MSX impacted area. This differentially expressed protein was identified as actin and was consistently observed in the cell free haemolymph lysates from all intensity classes studied. The comparison of proteolytic activity of haemolymph over time and between final infection intensity classes identified a protease present within the initial haemolymph samples (naive individuals) occurring at a significantly higher frequency within those individuals that went on to develop high intensity infections. This finding suggests a protein differentiation found within the naïve population that impacts the outcome of infection of these individuals. The potential of this protease as a marker for heightened disease susceptibility may provide insight into the overall disease process of H. nelsoni within this host. Enzymatic activity also differed significantly among infection intensity classes, XI as alkaline phosphatase increased over time within intensity groups, as well as comparatively between infection intensities. The monitoring of this activity may allow for the disease to be tracked more readily in populations through testing of haemolymph over time. Having established some technical protocols that aided in clearly displaying constituent proteins from oyster tissue samples, the experimental field trial was established to compare the haemolymph of the same individual over time and exposure to MSX. This led to the identification of protein, protease and enzymatic changes associated with infection intensity. The success of this approach can aid in further characterization of infection as well as establish important indicators of the point at which disease may occur. University of Prince Edward Island 2012 Text thesis 179 electronic application/pdf ir:6454 Pathology and Microbiology http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:6454/PDF/ir_6454.pdf isbn: TC-PCU-6454 eng In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work, or, in their absence, by the Chair of the Department or the Dean of the Faculty in which my thesis work was done. It is understood any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Prince Edward Island in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_64652016-07-20T16:30:28Zir_thesisCollection Trichomonosis Kelly-Clark, Whitney K. (author) Greenwood, Spencer (Thesis advisor) Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member) McBurney, Scott (Examination Committee Member) Silva-Opps, Marina (Examination Committee Member) Daoust, Pierre-Yves (Examination Committee Member) Greenwood, Spencer (Examination Committee Member) Cawthorn, Rick (Examination Committee Member) , (Signature Project Advisor) McBurney, Scott (Supervisory Committee Member) Forzán, Maria (Supervisory Committee Member) Teather, Kevin (Supervisory Committee Member) Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member) McBurney, Scott (Thesis advisor) ---- In 2005, trichomonosis emerged as a new cause of substantial mortality in United Kingdom (UK) greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) and chaffinch (Fringella coelebs) populations. Similar to the UK, in the summer and fall of 2007–2009 and 2011, mortalities due to trichomonosis occurred in the Canadian Maritime provinces' purple finch (Carpodacus purpureus) and American goldfinch (Cardeuelis tristis) populations consistent with emergence of trichomonosis in this region. Trichomonosis is caused by Trichomonas gallinae, a protozoan parasite infecting the upper digestive tract of birds. Trichomonosis causes slow death from emaciation and dehydration due to lesions preventing ingestion of food and water. This disease is reported by the public at their backyard feeding and watering stations. Therefore, this study's goal was to better understand the epidemiology of trichomonosis in this region through collaboration with the Maritime bird feeding public. Through use of molecular tools and field techniques this study was able to conclude that (1) rock pigeons (Columba livia) can act as a reservoir for T. gallinae in the Canadian Maritime provinces, (2) the same T. gallinae strain that caused the United Kingdom epidemic is present in Canadian Maritime wild avifauna, (3) moist birdseed can possibly act as a fomite in the transmission of T. gallinae and (4) climate is a potential contributing factor in the emergence of T. gallinae in the Canadian Maritime provinces. Finally, this study provided the first scientific approach to assess the role of birdfeeders and watering stations as fomites facilitating transmission of trichomonosis. The information obtained from this project resulted in general recommendations on trichomonosis prevention for the concerned bird feeding public, thus protecting the health and welfare of birds frequenting birdfeeders. University of Prince Edward Island 2012 Text thesis 201 electronic application/pdf ir:6465 Biomedical Sciences http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:6465/PDF/ir_6465.pdf isbn: TC-PCU-6465 smcburney Pathology and Microbiology eng In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work, or, in their absence, by the Char of the Department or the Dean of the Faculty in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Prince Edward Island in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_108312016-07-20T16:30:30Zir_thesisCollection Agricultural land use impacts on cool-spring flora and fauna, with an emphasis on freshwater invertebrate diversity and phenology in spring pools of eastern Prince Edward Island (Canada) Knysh, Kyle (author) Giberson, Donna (Thesis advisor) van den Heuvel, Michael (Thesis advisor) Giberson, Donna (Supervisory Committee Member) van den Heuvel, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member) McCorquodale, David (Supervisory Committee Member) Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member) Giberson, Donna (Examination Committee Member) van den Heuvel, Michael (Examination Committee Member) McCorquodale, David (Examination Committee Member) Quijon, Pedro (Examination Committee Member) Colbo, Murray (Examination Committee Member) Polson, James (Examination Committee Member) ---- Freshwater springs are focused discharge points from groundwater to surface water environments. Cool springs have consistent temperatures close to the mean annual temperature for the region and chemical composition that can vary with land use and local geology. Animal taxa inhabiting these springs must be able to tolerate nearly constant cool temperatures (<10oC), so springs usually have lower numbers of species than reported in nearby surface waters. Agricultural activities adjacent to springs add nutrients to groundwater, and alter benthic sediment structure and adjacent riparian areas, all factors that affect populations of freshwater plants and invertebrates. High nutrients should increase invertebrate abundance, but habitat alterations such as sediment addition may depress abundance. Increased food availability can also affect growth and life history patterns such as insect emergence timing, which can be disrupted in cool springs due to lack of temperature cues to synchronize development. Agricultural impacts on springs were examined by comparing water quality and invertebrate community structure in rheo-limnocrene springs in forested and agricultural areas in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Twenty springs (10 surrounded by agricultural land and 10 forested) were monitored for water quality and nine of these (five agricultural and 4 forested) were further examined to explore invertebrate and aquatic plant patterns. Agricultural sites had open canopies, high nitrogen and sulphur levels, high amounts of fine sediment, and plant cover dominated by vascular plants. Forested sites had closed canopies, low nutrient levels, clean gravel substrates, and plant cover dominated by bryophytes. Invertebrate diversity and abundance were highest in forested springs and community structure differed between land-use types. Midges (Chironomidae) dominated the macroinvertebrate community in all sites, but several midge and mite (Hydrachnidiae) genera were most abundant in forested sites. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) were very rare in the springs, but stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) were most abundant and diverse in agricultural sites. Emergence timing was compared between agricultural and forested sites for the stoneflies, and although most showed the asynchronous emergence periods expected for constant temperature sites, at least two species began to emerge earlier in agricultural sites than forested ones. Reduction of the riparian canopy leading to increased light levels from open cover was a better predictor of plant and invertebrate species assemblages than either nutrients or sediment patterns in agriculturally impacted springs; the higher light levels increased the presence and cover of vascular vegetation which altered the overall invertebrate community. University of Prince Edward Island 2014 Text thesis 208 electronic application/pdf ir:10831 mheuvel Biology http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:10831/OBJ/ir_10831.pdf isbn: TC-PCU-10831 eng In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make this thesis freely available for inspection and give permission to add an electronic version of the thesis to the Digital Repository at the University of Prince Edward Island. Moreover the author agrees that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work, or, in their absence, by the Chair of the Department or the Dean of the Faculty in which my thesis work was done. It is understood any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Prince Edward Island in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_112022016-07-20T16:30:30Zir_thesisCollection Immunotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Phalen, Laura Jane (author) van den Heuvel, Michael (Thesis advisor) van den Heuvel, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member) Kamunde, Collins (Supervisory Committee Member) Hogan, Natacha (Supervisory Committee Member) van den Heuvel, Michael (Examination Committee Member) Hogan, Natasha (Examination Committee Member) Kamunde, Collins (Examination Committee Member) Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member) Giberson, Donna (Examination Committee Member) ---- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds with immunotoxic and carcinogenic potential that may pose a threat to fish populations. The mechanism underlying immune toxicity of PAHs in fishes remains unclear. Some evidence supports the requirement for metabolism to more toxic metabolites. This twopart study aims to utilize a newly developed fish immunotoxicology model to determine the immune tissue/cell population level effects of PAHs on rainbow trout, using benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a representative immunotoxic PAH. In the first part of the study, intraperitoneal injection of 25 or 100 mg/kg BaP resulted in sustained exposure as indicated by biliary fluorescence at BaP wavelengths for up to 42 d. A new flow cytometry method for absolute counts of differential leukocyte distributions in spleen, blood, and head kidney was developed by combining absolute quantitative counts of total leukocytes in the tissue (3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) dye) with relative differential counts using monoclonal antibodies for B cells, T cells, myeloid cells, and thrombocytes. Experiments indicated dose- and time-dependent decreases in the absolute number of B cells, myeloid cells, or T cells in blood, spleen, or head kidney after 7, 14 or 21 d of exposure. There was no change in the absolute numbers of erythrocytes or thrombocytes in any tissue. When rainbow trout were exposed to inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida after a 21 d exposure to 100 mg/kg BaP, circulating antibody concentrations were decreased by 56%. It was concluded that BaP has a cell lineage-specific toxic effect on some immune cells of rainbow trout, and causes a decrease in circulating antibody levels. The second part of the study examined whether intraperitoneal exposure of rainbow trout to BaP caused leukocyte mRNA expression changes in five cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes; to their transcription factor, AhR; or to an extrinsic pathway apoptosis checkpoint, p53. mRNA expression was analyzed in immunomagnetically isolated B cells and thrombocytes from blood, spleen, or head kidney in an effort to clarify the tissue and cell specific toxicity of BaP. Significant inductions above control levels were observed in CYP1A1 in liver, blood B cells, and blood thrombocytes; CYP1B1 in blood B cells, and blood thrombocytes; CYP1A3 in liver, blood and spleen B cells; and AhR in spleen thrombocytes. No significant changes were found in CYP1C1, CYP1C2, or p53. Increased mRNA expression was observed 14 d after exposure, indicating a prolonged physiological effect of a single BaP injection. Although there were differences in expression, it was concluded that variations in the presence or induction of CYP enzymes is not enough to explain the difference in toxicity observed between B cells and thrombocytes. An induction of AhR in thrombocytes is interesting, but difficult to explain given current knowledge on endogenous AhR regulation and the limited toxicity in thrombocytes. Overall, our findings provide support for a complex mechanism of toxicity for chronic PAH exposure, and suggest that CYP expression profiles do not fully explain these effects. University of Prince Edward Island 2014 Text thesis 86 electronic application/pdf ir:11202 Biology http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:11202/OBJ/ir_11202.pdf isbn: TC-PCU-11202 eng In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make this thesis freely available for inspection and give permission to add an electronic version of the thesis to the Digital Repository at the University of Prince Edward Island. Moreover, I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work, or, in their absence, by the Chair of the Department or the Dean of the Faculty in which my thesis work was done. It is understood any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Prince Edward Island in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_147022016-07-20T16:29:21Zir_thesisCollection Examining pain anxiety in young adult athletes Injuries from overuse as well as direct trauma are common among athletes. The ability to respond adaptively to pain may be a function of an athlete's pain anxiety – defined as fearful and anxious responses toward pain. Investigating the underlying constructs of pain anxiety may have important implications for both injury prevention and injury recovery in sport. The objectives of the current study were to examine pain anxiety in a cohort of young adult athletes (Phase 1), and to evaluate the predictability of selected biological, psychological, and social variables on pain anxiety scores (Phase 2). In Phase 1, the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale-20 (PASS) was used to collect pre-season pain anxiety measures in a cohort of 92 university varsity-level athletes. Results from Phase 1 indicated significant differences between PASS sub-scale ratings. That is, the university athletes primarily reported cognitive manifestations of pain anxiety. Females also reported more pain anxiety compared to males. In Phase 2, a follow-up cohort of 84 athletes from varying levels of play completed the PASS and selected measures purported to predict pain anxiety. Results from Phase 2 were produced through analyses of variance, student's t-tests, and linear regression, and athletes were analyzed across pain group: acute pain athletes (APA) and chronic pain athletes (CPA). A unique set of predictor variables resulted for each pain group. Gender was a strong predictor of APAs' pain anxiety, while pain intensity strongly predicted pain anxiety in the CPA. Contact grades predicted pain anxiety in both groups but the direction of the relationship was dependent on pain type. Finally, neither injury nor pain predicted pain anxiety in APA. These results indicate that sources of pain anxiety differ for athletes with acute and chronic pain. Such findings have important implications for pain management in sport. More specifically, interventions for athletes without chronic pain could improve by emphasizing the risks of playing through pain and injury, particularly for males, whereas chronic pain athletes may benefit from interventions that account for the challenges of living with high levels of anxiety. University of Prince Edward Island Potter, Gillian K. (author) Montelpare, William (Thesis advisor) Montelpare, William (Supervisory Committee Member) Doucette, Tracy (Supervisory Committee Member) Ryan, Catherine (Supervisory Committee Member) Montelpare, William (Examination Committee Member) Doucette, Tracy (Examination Committee Member) Ryan, Catherine (Examination Committee Member) Mack, Diane (Examination Committee Member) Kerr, Russell (Examination Committee Member) (Degree grantor) 2015 Text thesis 106 application/pdf PUBLISHED ir:14702 u1: wmontelpare u2: Applied Human Sciences http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:14702/OBJ/ir_14702.pdf lac: TC-PCU-14702 eng Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_118272016-07-20T16:29:21Zir_thesisCollection From Maine to Chiloé: the effects of social enterprises on marginalized experiences Franco Vazquez, Abigail (author) Novaczek, Irené (Thesis advisor) Novaczek, Irené (Supervisory Committee Member) Novaczek, Irené (Examination Committee Member) Stalker, L. Lynda Harling (Thesis advisor) Stalker, L. Lynda Harling (Supervisory Committee Member) Lapping, Mark (Supervisory Committee Member) Stalker, L. Lynda Harling (Examination Committee Member) Lapping, Mark (Examination Committee Member) Brown, Leslie (Examination Committee Member) ---- Although the notion of islands contains a strong association or undertone of isolation and closure, islands are never closed environments. None the less, Islands are susceptible to exogenous factors and often exposed to development processes that can lead to inequality and inequity in society and space. Global change and the ongoing progression of globalization and processes of deregulation may deepen regional disparities and thus increase or position areas in a state of marginalization. Furthermore, on islands, while size itself matters in economic terms, topography and geographic location relative to major economic centers can also position them in a state of marginalization. Over recent decades, some islands have experienced improvements in terms of their infrastructure, transportation and communication systems. Yet they still struggle with certain aspects such as the cost for daily operation of services, and the overall aspects of development and decision making processes that affect their day to day livelihoods. This research revealed a series of day to day challenges that people on remote islands face. A social enterprise (SE) is a distinctive form of entity that is rapidly gaining recognition from policy makers worldwide. The SEs are seen as unique entities that are changing relationships among those engaged in the market place, civil society and public institutions. They are able to do this through the pursuit of goals that go beyond mere profit acquisition. V This study compares SEs located on islands in the Penobscot Bay, off the coast of Maine on the United States' eastern sea board, and the Islands of Chiloé, off the southwest coast of Chile. This study of SEs offers an opportunity to understand people's experiences with SEs and whether, how, and under what circumstances SEs affect the lives of those experiencing marginalization. Furthermore, it explores the effect on the level of inclusion of individuals within island society and their communities and how SEs aid their members in improving their quality of life. University of Prince Edward Island 2015 Text thesis 282 electronic application/pdf ir:11827 Island Studies http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:11827/OBJ/ir_11827.pdf isbn: TC-PCU-11827 eng Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_118162016-07-20T16:29:22Zir_thesisCollection Renewable energy in the food, energy, water Nexus of the Bahamas Beatty, Ross John (author) Nagarajan, Palanisamy (Thesis advisor) Nagarajan, Palanisamy (Supervisory Committee Member) Bartmann, Barry (Supervisory Committee Member) Nagarajan, Palanisamy (Examination Committee Member) Bartmann, Barry (Examination Committee Member) Fook, Tanya Chung Tiam (Examination Committee Member) ---- As the global population increases, so does global demand for energy, water and food expand. Meeting this continual spike of demand presents a tremendous challenge to Small Island States, given competing needs for limited resources amid heightened climate change. In order to overcome the increasing constraints that Small Island States encounter, serious consideration must be given with respect to how Small Island States produce and consume energy, produce water and provide food to their citizens. This critical tri-partied interaction is known as the Nexus. The interlinkage between the water, energy and food supply systems is a major consideration in countries' sustainable development strategies. Rapid economic growth, expanding populations and increasing prosperity are driving up demand for energy, water and food, especially in the Small Island States in the developing countries. Advancements in renewable energy technologies provide access to cost-effective, secure and environmentally sustainable supplies of energy. Their rapid technology advancements can have substantial spill-over effects in the water and food sectors. Yet detailed knowledge on the role renewables can play in the management of the Nexus remains limited and widely dispersed, let alone aggressively practiced or not practiced in small island countries such as the Bahamas. Renewable energy technologies could address some of the trade-offs between water, energy and food, bringing substantial benefits in all three sectors. The objective of the Thesis is to explore whether Small Island States such as the Bahamas are taking full advantage of the current technology available to manage their Nexus. The Thesis primarily uses government policies and press reporting on Bahamian renewable energy projects, and how these programs influence the water, energy and food requirements for the Bahamas. The term "energy-water-food Nexus" refers to the complex interdependencies between energy, water and agriculture that vary by geography. The Nexus refers to the web of interactions that link energy, water and food in a common system, as growing food requires water, processing water requires power, and hydro-electric power generation requires water. Depleting the natural resources of islands to the point of annihilation is verifiable in island countries such as the Easter Islands. Small islands are a microcosm of the Earth. To study small island Nexus topics is an opportunity to understand the challenges experienced all over the world. University of Prince Edward Island 2015 Text thesis 179 electronic application/pdf ir:11816 Economics http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:11816/OBJ/ir_11816.pdf isbn: TC-PCU-11816 eng Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_36602016-07-20T16:29:22Zir_thesisCollection L'éducation postsecondaire chez un groupe de finissants de la région Évangéline Bouchard, Véronique (author) Turnbull, Miles (Thesis advisor) Cormier, Marianne (Thesis advisor) , (Committee member) , (Supervisory Committee Member) , (Examination Committee Member) ---- Cette étude qualitative comporte deux objectifs: 1) examiner les raisons qui motivent le choix d'un établissement postsecondaire chez sept finissants d'une école de langue française dans la région Évangéline à l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard; et 2) explorer l'expérience vécue par ces jeunes lors de cette période de transition qu'est l'entrée au collège ou à l'université. Les données ont été recueillies à l'aide d'entretiens semi-dirigés effectués à deux moments précis: à la fin de la 12e année et à la fin du premier semestre universitaire/collégial. Des courriels ont aussi été échangés durant le semestre. L'analyse des données s'appuie sur quatre concepts fondamentaux qui constituent le cadre théorique de l'étude : la vitalité ethnolinguistique, l'hybridité identitaire, l'insécurité linguistique et la valeur marchande de la langue. L'analyse pertinente au premier objectif de l'étude se présente sous forme de comparaison entre les propos tenus par les participants ayant opté pour un établissement anglophone et ceux ayant choisi une institution francophone. L'analyse révèle que les raisons identifiées par les participants pour justifier leur choix d'établissement postsecondaire confirment les mêmes tendances que celles citées par d'autres chercheurs et vont aussi de pair avec celles mentionnées par les finissants franco-ontariens de l'étude de Lamoureux (2007) ; la réputation perçue du programme ou de l'institution et les raisons d'ordre financier (proximité géographique et bourses d'études) sont des facteurs omniprésents. L'analyse de l'expérience vécue par les participants s'organise principalement autour du facteur linguistique dans deux contextes essentiels de l'expérience postsecondaire : la vie académique et la vie sociale. L'étude révèle que globalement, les sept participants ont vécu une expérience positive lors de leur premier semestre au niveau postsecondaire. Aucune difficulté ou problème majeur n'a été décelé, autre que la période d'adaptation nécessaire et normale qui accompagne le processus de transition école secondaire-université/collège. University of Prince Edward Island 2010 Text thesis 246 print application/pdf ir:3660 Education http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:3660/OBJ/ir_3660.pdf isbn: 9780494644591 TC-PCU-3660 eng Contact Author oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_146842016-07-20T16:29:22Zir_thesisCollection The physiological effects of blood flow restricted muscle stimulation Slysz, Joshua Thomas (author) Burr, Jamie (Thesis advisor) Burr, Jamie (Supervisory Committee Member) Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Supervisory Committee Member) Gottschall-Pass, Kathy (Supervisory Committee Member) Burr, Jamie (Examination Committee Member) Gottschall-Pass, Kathy (Examination Committee Member) Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Examination Committee Member) Kimmerly, Derek (Examination Committee Member) MacDonald, Dany (Examination Committee Member) ---- Emerging evidence suggests that low load exercise stimuli can lead to significant muscular adaptations when blood flow to a muscle is restricted or occluded. Electrical muscle stimulation has been used for years in the rehabilitative settings, but muscular hypertrophic or oxidative adaptation resulting from electrical stimulation is typically of limited magnitude, likely owing to the discomfort caused by the high intensity stimulus necessary to cause greater adaptation. Combining low intensity transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (TEMS) with blood flow restriction (BFR) has yet to be examined, and offers the potential to stimulate substantial muscular adaptation without undue discomfort. We examined the effects of combining BFR with a low intensity TEMS on the upper and lower body musculature. Twenty recreationally active subjects (24±6 yr, 174±10 cm, 70±17kg) were recruited and had every limb randomly allocated to one of four possible training groups: 1) BFR -4mins inflated, 4 mins deflated at 220mmHg alone, 2) TEMS alone- at a maximally tolerable intensity, 3) BFR+TEMS (COMB), or 4) control (CON). Each arm and leg was "trained" in its respective intervention group four times weekly for six weeks. To test muscular adaptation, muscle size and strength were measured at baseline and following 6 weeks of stimuli. Mean differences in size (g) and strength (kg), between week 0 and week 6, were calculated for each intervention group. ARM: After 6 weeks of training, the COMB group changed by 45±201g and 3.2 ±3.6kg, whereas the BFR group changed by 21±103g and 2.6±3.9kg. The TEMS group changed by -37±121 g and 0.7±3.0kg; while the CON group changed by and 4±78g and 0.6±2.9kg. There was no significant difference between groups for maximal strength (p=0.2) or size (p=0.4). LEG: Leg strength changed by 32±19 kg in the COMB group and was significantly different than the 3±11kg change in the CON group (p=0.03). The TEMS and BFR group changed by 16±28kg and 18±17kg, respectively. There were no other significant differences between groups. Leg size changed by 95±238g in the COMB group; whereas size changed by 79±439g and 26±387g in the TEMS and BFR groups, respectively. The CON group changed by -83±279g. There were no significant differences between groups for leg size. The results suggest no effect of the intervention, however, despite a relative lack of overall statistical significance, owing to large individual variability in response, there is an indication of a possible effect. The absence of significance in most comparisons is likely explicable by the high inter-individual variability and differential adaptive responses. University of Prince Edward Island 2015 Text thesis 95 electronic application/pdf ir:14684 Applied Human Sciences http://www.islandscholar.ca/download_ds/ir:14684/OBJ/ir_14684.pdf isbn: TC-PCU-14684 eng Contact Author 1612079375


text:
Islamabad: 4 foreigners held
by Zeeshan Ahmed / Sunday, 20 November 2011 / Published in Crime, Islamabad
ISLAMABAD: The Islamabad Police have arrested four illegal immigrants hailing from Azerbaijan including women who could not produce any authentic document for their stay in Pakistan, the police spokesman said.
The Sabzi Mandi Police Station nabbed these four persons, nationals of Azerbaijan, from a police picket near NESCOM as they could not produce any document about their stay in the country.
They have been identified as Raza, Lali Naveed, Jamila Raza and Ayesha Raza. Further investigation is underway from them.
On a tip off, Ramna Police Station arrested a Nigerian national identified as Eimelbari from Sector G-10/4 for having 80 cans of beer in his car.
The original article can be found at The News.
Tagged under: arrested, Azerbaijan, Crime, Crime News, illegal immigrants, Islamabad, Nigerian, pakistan criminal check, possession of liquor, The News


text:
So SES London was a blast wasn't it? More parties than any single year and a new venue slap bang in the heart of London should have given you plenty of opportunities to network with the buzzing search marketing industry in the UK.
If you forgot to print any business cards, or if paper just ain't your style these days, then you might be pleased to know that you can follow everyone who contributed to the #sesuk conversation on Twitter via our SES London Tweetwall.
And if you were not able to attend this year, or live in a different part of the world, then you might find this tool a useful means to meet and connect with like minds who are partial to pints of beer and prone to peppering their writing with unnecessary letters such as 'u'.
Top 10 Tweeters from SES London
These people tweeted the most on the #sesuk hashtag, funneling wisdom to and from the crowd. Leading the march in surfacing insight from the 3 days of sessions are listed below.
1. @acrylicwebsites
2. @adCenter
3. @SESConf
4. @Intendance
5. @Tracy_Falke
6. @lisabuyer
7. @NicholaStott
8. @Impact_Sam
9. @davidjmain
10. @UnicornRW
Checkout the full list of the Top 50 Tweeters.
Most Followed From SES London Crowd
This metric looks at everyone who tweeted on the #SESuk hashtag and cross references them against each others followers, in order to get a sense of who has a 'tribe' at SES. Interestingly, not everyone on the list attended SES but participated in the conversation on Twitter which, personally, i think is an interesting reflection of how Twitter acts as a kind of 'social glue' for the community in general. The top 10 'tribal leaders' at SES were:
1. @willcritchlow
2. @DaveNaylor
3. @seoptimise
4. @mikegrehan
5. @JoannaButler
6. @state_ofsearch
7. @JonDMyers
8. @rishil
9. @Szetela
10. @paddymoogan
Checkout the full list of 50 SES London Tribal Leaders.
Follow Suggestion Tool
Another way to connect with SES London Attendees is to enter your Twitter details into our follow suggestion tool. This tool looks at who you are following at SES and suggests people that your friends are following that you are not – think of it as a nifty trick to identify their sources of wisdom!
Other Nifty Things From SES London
There was a tonne of coverage from the event on lots of different blogs. If you need a refresher or a perspective on the information shared then checkout all the links in our roundup posts below:
SES London 2011 – Day 1 Coverage #SESUK
SES London 2011 – Day 2 Coverage #SESUK
SES London 2011 – Day 3 Coverage #SESUK
Here are some highlights from other blogs after the event:
An awesome behemoth of a post on the Wordtracker blog: 301 takeaways and top tips from SES London
A wrap-up of the event from Lee Odden from TopRank Online Marketing Blog, Make the Most Out of Marketing Conferences: SES London 2011 Wrap-Up
A video from State of Search which has a sneaky competition embedded within!
Finally, be sure to checkout the followup to SES tribute to Jaamit Durrani – a new site called SEOfilms.tv which was launched at the SES London Black Hat / White Hat #shareitlikejaamit Unconference. It's a lot of fun and, just like the person remembered, celebrates some crazy and creative link building tactics in a totally unique search marketing competition. More details about the competition to follow!
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