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Recreation Calendar
Summer Recreation
May 31, 2016 - July 22, 2016
Closed July 4
Jr. Pro Football
Eagleville Jr. Pro Football League begins practicing in the summer with games Starting in September and ending in November.
Jr. Pro Basketball
Rec sponsored Jr. Pro Basketball will have sign-ups in various locations around the county. Please check with your individual schools for specific sign-up and game day information. As information becomes available, please check back for more news.Click here for Rec Sponsored Jr. Pro programs.
Winter Recreation
October 2016 - April 2017
Calendar of Events
About County Recreation
Recreation has been sponsored by the Rutherford County Conservation Board for the last for 43 years. The program is priviledged to have had Ben Cates as its director since its inception in 1974.


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Map of 17534 East Bellewood Circle, Aurora...
School data provided by GreatSchools
From the moment you walk into this impressive remodeled home, you will be amazed with all the upgrades. The kitchen is awesome, featuring newer appliances, slab granite counter tops, newer cabinets that offer plenty of storage. The kitchen also features an eating area that over looks the recreation room. The 3 bedrooms are massive and impressive. The Master Suite is a home unto itself. It has its own upgraded bathroom including new ceramic tile flooring, cabinets and sinks. This home offers of plenty of space throughout. The carpet and flooring gives a great feeling of a "just for you" home. The back yard backs up to open space with a park. This home is in the Cherry Creek School District. The home features: - High-quality school district, feeding into Cherry Creek Schools - Large 2-car garage - Huge open basement - Washer and Dryer hook ups in separate Utility Room Pets - No Utilities included - None Yard/fenced - Fence Cooling Type - A/C Fireplace - Yes Parking - 2 Car Garage Patio/Porch/Balcony - Deck Basement - Finished School District - Cherry Creek Do not wait. This property will move fast, call for showing today. Echo Summit Properties www.echo-summit.com Not exactly what you are looking for? Make sure and view our complete inventory of quality rentals at www.echo-summit.com !
This listing is a 3 bedroom place listed for $1595/mo. The building is situated in the Prides Crossing district of Aurora.
This listing is no longer active as of November 1st, 2013.
|Included Utilities
|Bottom Line Price
|First month's rent
|Application fee
|No Broker Fee
|Estimated Move-In Costs
|Move-in Date
|May 9, 2013
|Lease term
|1 year
|Pet Policy
|Posted at
|April 20, 2012
|Last updated
|April 26, 2013
This Prides Crossing apartment is listed as a no fee apartment. That means that you should not be required to pay a broker fee of any kind. If this agent asks you to pay a fee, please flag them immediately.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sugar can make you dumb, US scientists warnAFP
May. 17, 2012
Sweden: Police Suspect Grenade Used in Recent Attack
Previously Deported Illegal Goes On Murderous Rampage Days After CT Gov Refused To Work With ICE
Report: Kushner, Ivanka Stripped Anti-Climate Change Executive Order, Plot To Push Global Warming
CNN's Cuomo Criticizes 'Intolerant Dad' For Not Wanting Daughter To See A Penis In Locker Room
Sweden's Migrant Crime Wave Becomes Top National Story As Media's Lies Backfire
Eating too much sugar can eat away at your brainpower, according to US scientists who published a study Tuesday showing how a steady diet of high-fructose corn syrup sapped lab rats' memories.
Read More


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21dayfix recipes
Explore related topics
10 easy 21 Day Fix dinners. Visit http://shannonambroson.blogspot.com
Sunshine and Smoothies Fitness: 21 Day Fix - Week 1 Menu
Here are more than twenty 21 Day Fix crock pot recipes to get your going!
21 Day Fix Blueberry Oatmeal Blender Muffins #21dayfixrecipes #21dayfix #21dfx…
There are over 200 21 Day Fix recipes in this post. They're separated by Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Snack, Dessert, and Shakeology recipes so you can find what you need easily! Good luck on your 21 Day Fix diet!
Fit for Life: Lasagna 21 Day Fix Approved! www.mistynanna.com #21DayFix #Recipes
50 Delicious 21 Day Fix crockpot recipes that are perfect for the entire family. Don't make a separate dinner for the adults when there are so many great 21 Day Fix Slowcooker recipes to be found on the web.
Eighteen Healthy 21 Day Fix Recipes!
Fit for Life: Turkey BLT....21 Day Fix Approved!! My kids and I had this for lunch and LOVED it! It was something different than just peanut butter and jelly. They were mad when I topped it off with Greek yogurt, but then took a BITE and said "Mom, it's sooo good!!". It's much better than using mayo. This will be a once a week lunch for us this summer! www.mistynanna.com #21DayFix #Recipes
21 day fix - Teriyaki Chicken & Veggies #21dayfix #eatclean


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Listen to free music played by Towanga
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station and start listening to @Towanga.
Towanga Cool... Brecht...Ich mag die 3 Groschen Oper!!!
Jun 19, 2012 at 1:44 pm via YouTube | AMAZON | ITUNES


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North American Auto Show Announces Car, Truck of the Year
The Chevy Bolt and Honda Ridgeline have named the car and truck of the year at this year's North American Auto Show in Detroit.
The Chevy Bolt and Honda Ridgeline have named the car and truck of the year at this year's North American Auto Show in Detroit.
While overall car thefts are declining there has been a rise in the number of thefts of cars with the keys left in them.
A major element of one of the family vehicles got a needed repair. Now I don't feel so bad because apparently this repair happens frequently...
A new report says if you're not driving a vehicle that's older than 30 years, there's no need to sit and wait for your car to warm up.
Even though Automania doesn't start till Friday, if you drive around Brandon, there's a buzz of activity, and really cool cars are cruising the streets already!
Can you even imagine the fear of seeing this barreling toward your windshield? That's exactly what happened to this Texas driver, and his dashboard camera captured the whole thing!
Hyundai is working on a new car that will be fueled by feces. I'm not shi#!ing you!
Some people take to driving quicker than others. Few take to driving slower than this woman.
Typically, a parent will buy (or help pay for) a child's first car. In this video, the son is giving the father his first car for the second time.
The Porcubimmer racing team has built a real-life version of Homer Simpson's dream car (and failed attempt at auto design), The Homer. The car will race at the Buttonwillow Raceway in California this weekend in the 24 Hours of LeMons race -- an endurance race for cars that cost less than $500.


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Ischemia–reperfusion of the heart and other organs results in the accumulation of unesterified arachidonic acid (AA) via the action of membrane-bound phospholipases, primarily phospholipase A2. AA can be metabolized by the classical cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways to well-characterized metabolites and their respective cardioprotective end products such as prostacyclin (PGI2) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). However, it has only been recently recognized that another less well-characterized pathway of AA metabolism, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway, may have important cardiovascular effects. Several lines of data support the possibility that certain CYP metabolites resulting from the hydroxylation of AA such as 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) are potent vasoconstrictors and may produce detrimental effects in the heart during ischemia and pro-inflammatory effects during reperfusion. On the other hand, a group of regioisomers resulting from the epoxidation of AA, including 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12- and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs), have been shown to reduce ischemic and/or reperfusion injury in the heart and vasculature. This review will discuss the detrimental and beneficial actions, including the potential cellular mechanisms responsible as a result of stimulating or inhibiting the two arms of this novel CYP pathway. The therapeutic potential of increasing EET concentrations and/or reducing 20-HETE concentrations will also be addressed.
1. Introduction
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases are known to metabolize AA to four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET) and by CYP ω-hydroxylases to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). The EETs are potent dilators of blood vessels as a result of hyperpolarizing vascular smooth muscle cells by activation of large conductance calcium activated potassium channels. In contrast, 20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor that activates L-type Ca2+ channels leading to vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle. More recently, administration of EETs and the overexpression of mouse CYP2J3 have been shown to result in a cardioprotective effect [1]. Similarly, several nonselective CYP inhibitors and more selective CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitors have been shown to reduce ischemic injury in rat and rabbit models [2] and to reduce infarct size in a dog model [3]. In a more recent study, performed in CYP2J2 transgenic mice, it appeared that the protective effect observed in the isolated Langendorff mouse heart was at least partly the result of mitochondrial KATP channel opening and the stimulation of the p42/p44 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway [4]. Since many of the pharmacological inhibitors used to block these pathways are often nonselective for a given CYP isoform and the observation that there may be important species differences as a result of different tissue expression patterns and location, the mechanisms or exact pathways by which the various CYP isoforms produce their cardiac effects are not well understood. Thus, the main focus of this review article is to discuss the metabolites and the signaling mechanisms involved in determining the results observed by activating or inhibiting various isoforms of the CYP pathway and the potential therapeutic applications that might result from a better understanding of this novel endogenous pathway in the heart.
Arachidonic acid metabolites in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury
In the heart and coronary blood vessels, AA is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) to numerous compounds (Fig. 1) with a variety of actions including vasodilation, vasoconstriction, enhanced myocardial injury and cardioprotection [5]. AA is converted by COX to a variety of prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs) and by LOX to leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Finally, AA is catalyzed by CYP epoxygenases to 4 regioisomers including 5,6-, 8,9-, 11, 12- and 14,15-EETs which are subsequently hydrolyzed by epoxide hydrolases to their corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). In addition, CYP hydroxylases convert AA to several HETEs including 19- and 20-HETE [6]. A number of other metabolites of the CYP pathway have also been identified and include 19- and 20-OH PGs [6]. The role of these eicosanoids, particularly the metabolites produced by COX and LOX, has been extensively investigated for their effects in the ischemic/reperfused myocardium and these will be summarized briefly in the next 2 sections.
Cyclooxygenase pathway
COX-1 expression is constitutively present in endothelial cells of most blood vessels; however, the constitutive expression of COX-2 is not normally found in abundance in blood vessels or heart tissue and is only observed in significant amounts following pathophysiological stimuli such as ischemia [7]. COX-1 and its AA metabolites have been long recognized to possess important roles in the myocardium during acute episodes of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion [8,9]. The enhanced production of prostacyclin (PGI2) produced by defibrotide in pigs was shown to produce a marked reduction of infarct size and a decrease in neutrophil accumulation in the reperfused zone [10]. These effects were abolished by the nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin [10]. OP-41483, a stable analogue of PGI2 produced myocardial salvage in intact dog hearts, whereas, iloprost, another stable analogue of PGI2, attenuated metabolic derangements [11] and improved mitochondrial respiration in stunned myocardium of canine hearts [12]. Our laboratory also demonstrated that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) significantly attenuated postischemic contractile dysfunction in stunned canine myocardium [13] and that dazmegrel, a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor, significantly improved regional wall function in stunned myocardium of dog hearts [14]. Based on these results, we hypothesized that a redirection in the synthesis of endogenous cardioprotective prostanoids such as PGI2, was at least partly responsible for the beneficial effect of the thromboxane synthesis inhibitor, dazmegrel. The role of CYP metabolites was not determined at that time as selective agonists and antagonists of this pathway were not available.
More recently, the cardioprotective effects of late or delayed ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in rabbit and mouse hearts [15,16] and by opioids in rabbit [17] and rat hearts [18] was shown to be the result of the upregulation of myocyte COX-2 mRNA and protein expression and the resulting increased synthesis of cardioprotective prostanoids such as PGI2 and PGE2[15,17]. In support of these findings, it was also shown that selective COX-2 inhibitors such as NS-398 and celecoxib, blocked the effect of delayed IPC to increase tissue concentrations of PGI2 and PGE2 and abolished the effect of delayed IPC to reduce myocardial stunning and infarct size in mice and rabbits [15,17]. These results suggest that COX-2 is a cardioprotective protein and that PGI2 and PGE2 are the most likely AA metabolites responsible for the protective effects of delayed IPC observed in the heart in this model [16,17]. Later studies in COX-1 and COX-2 knockout mice confirmed the observations made in wild-type mice that acute IPC may also be importantly dependent on COX-2 upregulation [19]. The role of P450 metabolites in acute and delayed IPC have not been tested and will be an interesting future avenue of investigation.
Lipoxygenase pathway
The role of LOX metabolites of AA has also been investigated in the ischemic/reperfused myocardium. Recently, 12-LOX and 12-HETE have been shown by several investigators, including our laboratory [20,21], to serve a protective role in acute and delayed IPC in rats and mouse hearts. In rat hearts, the LOX inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), baicalein and phenidone, added just before and/or during IPC blocked the protective effects of IPC on the recovery of function during reflow following acute global ischemia [22] or following a delayed preconditioning stimulus produced by the selective delta opioid agonist, SNC-121 [21]. Increases in 12-HETE were observed in the effluent obtained from the isolated rat heart and in the plasma of the intact rat heart, effects that were blocked by NDGA [20,23]. Exogenous 12-HETE was also shown to be protective in the intact and isolated rat heart [22] and the protective effect of IPC was eliminated by inhibition of PKC [24]. In hearts from wild-type (WT) and 12-LOX-knockout (KO) mice, postischemic function was significantly improved by IPC only in the WT mice. In WT mice, acute IPC significantly reduced infarct size and increased the concentration of 12-HETE, however, these effects were absent in 12-LOX-KO hearts [21]. These data clearly indicate that 12-LOX and its major metabolite, 12-HETE, is important in both acute and delayed ischemic and opioid-induced preconditioning.
CYP chemistry and pharmacology
CYP metabolizes AA to several biologically active eicosanoids by two distinct enzymatic reactions. CYP epoxygenases convert AA to 4 already described regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and CYP hydroxylases convert AA to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) including 19- and 20-HETE. The major findings concerning these 2 major CYP pathways in determining the extent of myocardial injury during ischemia and/or reperfusion will be the focus of the remainder of this review.
CYP epoxygenases and cardioprotection
CYP epoxygenases were first isolated from human heart and liver [25]. Subsequently, many CYP families have been identified in organs of different species [26]. CYP families of CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C and CYP2J catalyze the formation of 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET from AA [27]. EETs are subsequently further hydrolyzed by epoxide hydrolases to their corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) which also have important biological effects. For instance, EETs and DHETs both are potent vasodilators especially in small coronary arteries [6,28] and the EETs have been identified by Campbell et al. [29] as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors [EDHFs]. This interesting area has been the subject of several recent reviews and the reader is directed to these references for further information concerning EETs and their role as EDHFs and vascular protectants [30,31]. EET production has been shown to increase in stenosed canine coronary arteries and their production has been shown to be decreased by the nonselective CYP inhibitor, metypyrone. Administration of 11,12-EET and 5,6-EET to the isolated guinea pig heart perfused at normal flow had no effect on global contractility or perfusion pressure, however, these same compounds given during low flow ischemia resulted in a decreased recovery of contractile function after reperfusion [32]. In contrast, the addition of 5 μM of 11,12-EET to the perfusate prior to global ischemia in mouse hearts expressing CYP2J3 resulted in an improvement in the recovery of global contractile function [27]. However, in the same study 14,15-EET and 19-HETE did not improve functional recovery following global ischemia which suggests that all regioisomers of CYP epoxygenases do not have similar effects.
More recently, Granville et al. [2] demonstrated a reduction in ischemic and reperfusion-induced damage following administration of several CYP inhibitors to isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts and to in vivo rabbit hearts subjected to regional ischemia and reperfusion. These investigators initially used chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis and several CYP isoforms in liver, and found that in both preparations chloramphenicol reduced infarct size by approximately 60% as assessed by CK release and triphenyltetrazolium staining. Interestingly, chloramphenicol reduced infarct size whether administered prior to or just after the start of ischemia. It was initially hypothesized that the reduction in infarct size was a result of the ability of chloramphenicol to reduce mitochondrially released reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, their data did not support this hypothesis. Since it is known that chloramphenicol is also an inhibitor of several CYP isoforms in liver, these authors administered cimetadine, another nonselective CYP inhibitor to the isolated rat heart preparation and found that this histamine-2 receptor blocker was also cardioprotective and produced a concentration-dependent (200–600 μM) reduction in infarct size and CK release. Finally, since it has been shown that both chloramphenicol and cimetadine inhibit liver CYP2C9 at high concentrations [33,34], they tested the effect of a more selective inhibitor of liver and endothelial cell CYP2C9, sulphaphenazole (IC50=0.6 μM) and found that 10–300 μM also produced a reduction in infarct size and CK release whether administered either prior to or just after ischemia in the isolated rat heart preparation. Although these authors could not demonstrate an effect of chloramphenicol on ROS production by mitochondria, they were able to show that chloramphenicol reduced superoxide generation in rat hearts by using dihydroethidium to estimate ROS production. Based on these results, these authors concluded that a reduction in nonmitochondrial-generated ROS production was responsible for the cardioprotective effects of this structurally unrelated group of compounds [2]. Since CYP2C9 is primarily been localized to liver and the vascular endothelium [33] and not the cardiomyocyte and given the nonselectivity of these compounds for multiple CYP isoforms and the high doses and concentrations needed to protect these hearts, definitive conclusions concerning the mechanisms or pathways involved in the protective effects of these agents remain uncertain. However, since CYPs have been shown to be an important source of ROS in many species and organs, it is likely that the protection against ischemia and especially reperfusion injury in the heart as a result of blocking specific CYP isoforms in heart or endothelium may be a result of a reduction in ROS production [34]. The reader is directed to a recent review concerning the role of CYP isoforms in mediating reperfusion injury and the importance of ROS [34].
Interestingly, a recent study performed by Fichtlscherer et al. [35] in humans supports the ROS hypothesis of Granville et al. [2]. In this study, 5 healthy subjects and 16 patients with angiographically documented stable coronary artery disease were treated with sulphaphenizole and it was found that where there was no effect in normal subjects, there was an improved endothelial dependent response to acetylcholine to increase forearm blood flow without any effect on the response to the endothelial-independent dilator sodium nitroprusside. Similar results were obtained with vitamin C and the response to vitamin C was enhanced by sulphaphenizole, an effect which was blocked by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-monomethyl-l-arginine. These authors concluded that the effect of sulphaphenizole is likely due to an increased bioavailability of NO as a consequence of a reduction of ROS by its ability to block a CYP2C9-induced generation of superoxide in endothelial cells.
In a more recent paper, Seubert et al. [4] generated a transgenic mouse with the overexpression of a cardiomyocyte specific CYP2J2 isoform. This isoform has been found to exist in the human myocardium. These animals were found to have a normal anatomy and basal contractile function prior to subjecting their hearts to an ischemia–reperfusion protocol. When these transgenic mice and their corresponding wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to 20 min of global ischemia and 40 min of reperfusion, the CYP2J2 transgenic mice had a significantly improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) when compared to the WT mice. These beneficial effects observed in the transgenic mice were abolished by pretreatment with a selective CYP epoxygenase inhibitor, N-methylsulphonyl-6-(2-proparglyloxphenyl) hexamide (MS-PPOH) and MS-PPOH worsened recovery of contractile function in WT mice. Since CYP2J2 is abundantly found in the heart and is active in producing EETs, these authors concluded that the cardioprotective effects seen were the result of an enhanced production of EETs or their corresponding DHETs. Taken together, the results of Granville et al. [2] and Seubert et al. [4] are promising and suggest that the EETs or DHETs may be a new cardioprotective target. In this regard, more studies are needed to define mechanism(s) responsible for the cardioprotection observed in these 2 studies and in other models of infarction in large animal hearts.
CYP hydroxylases
AA can be converted by CYP hydroxylases to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) such as 16-, 17-, 18-,19-, and 20-HETE. CYP ω-hydroxylase converts AA by ω-hydroxylation to 20-HETE [36]. Families of CYP4A, CYP3A and CYP4F are known to catalyze the ω-hydroxylation of AA to 20-HETE [37,38] and canine leukocytes convert AA to 20-HETE [39].
The vascular actions and function of 20-HETE have been thoroughly characterized and its function depends on the species and vascular bed studied. In general, 20-HETE has been shown to be a potent vasoconstrictor in most species including rat, dog and cat [40–42]. The vasoconstrictor effects of 20-HETE have been attributed to its inhibition of smooth muscle potassium channels which result in membrane depolarization and subsequent activation of L-type Ca+ channels [39,40]. Interestingly, 20-HETE has been shown to relax bovine coronary arteries via the production of PGI2[43], however, such an effect has not been investigated in the heart and might be expected to produce cardioprotection if it were to occur.
CYP ω-hydroxylases and cardioprotection
In an earlier study, we found high coronary venous plasma concentrations of 20-HETE during the late stages of ischemia and particularly during the early stages of reperfusion in the canine heart [44]. In this study, we used a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique to analyze total EETs, DHETs, and 20-HETE released into coronary venous plasma at various times throughout 60 min of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. We found that total EETs were increased at 60 min of occlusion and during the first 60 min of reperfusion from approximately 200 to 400 pg/ml, whereas, 14,15 DHET was the major DHET detected in plasma and reached a peak concentration of approximately 12 ng/ml at 30 min of reperfusion. Interestingly, 20-HETE was the most abundant CYP metabolite obtained and peaked at approximately 30 ng/ml at 15 min of reperfusion and remained elevated until 120 min of reperfusion. In 3 experiments, we administered miconazole, a nonselective blocker of both arms of the CYP pathway, 15 min prior to occlusion and observed an overall reduction of coronary venous plasma concentrations of total EETs, DHETs and 20-HETE. Miconazole also prevented the increases in these same metabolites of AA observed in control dogs during occlusion and reperfusion. A marked reduction in infarct size was also observed in the miconazole-treated dogs. These intriguing preliminary results led us to further evaluate more selective inhibitors of 20-HETE formation in our canine model and in a rat model of myocardial infarction [2,3].
In a recent study performed in our anesthetized dog model of infarction, we characterized the effects of several selective CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitors and the major CYP ω-hydroxylase metabolite of AA, 20-HETE, on the extent of infarct size resulting from 60 min of coronary artery occlusion and 3 h of reperfusion [3]. During 60 min of ischemia and particularly during reperfusion, 20-HETE was produced in high concentrations as compared to baseline values prior to occlusion. Following pretreatment with a nonselective CYP inhibitor, miconazole, and two specific CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitors, 17-octadecanoic acid (ODYA) and N-methylsulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11-enamide (DDMS), the coronary venous plasma concentrations of 20-HETE were markedly decreased. These compounds also produced a marked reduction in myocardial infarct size expressed as a percent of the area at risk (IS/AAR,%). Conversely, exogenous 20-HETE administration prior to coronary artery occlusion produced a significant increase in infarct size. We concurrently showed that several CYP ω-hydroxylase isoforms including CYP4A1, CYP4A2 and CYP4F were all present in dog heart tissue microsomes and that their activity was markedly reduced by incubation with 17-ODYA. These results confirmed those presented in our earlier study [44] and clearly demonstrated that several endogenous CYP ω-hydroxylases produce increased concentrations of the metabolite, 20-HETE, which appears to be involved in exacerbating myocardial injury, at least in the canine heart.
Subsequently, we performed another study in the rat heart [45], to determine if similar results would be obtained to those previously reported in the dog heart [3,44]. Since in all of our previous studies done in the dog, the antagonists of CYP ω-hydroxylase were administered as a pretreatment, we also wanted to determine if administration of these inhibitors would be cardioprotective when administered just prior to reperfusion, a situation with more clinical relevance similar to treating patients which are usually seen after the start of a coronary artery occlusion. We also wanted to determine if the sarcolemmal KATP channel or the mito KATP channel was involved in the protection observed since Seubert et al. [4] recently showed that the mito KATP channel was activated in the transgenic CYP2J2 mouse heart and that 5-HD, a selective mito KATP channel antagonist, blocked the cardioprotection against myocardial stunning normally observed in the transgene. In our study performed in Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and 2 h of reperfusion, we administered either miconazole (MIC, nonselective CYP inhibitor), 17-ODYA or DDMS (selective CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitors) or N-methanesulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl) hexamide (MS-PPOH, selective CYP epoxygenase inhibitor) either 10 min prior to occlusion or 5 min prior to reperfusion. A subset of rats was also given either HMR-1098 (selective sarc KATP inhibitor) or 5-HD (selective mito KATP inhibitor) 10 min prior to reperfusion and 5 min prior to either MIC or 17-ODYA. Rats treated with MIC, 17-ODYA or DDMS but not MS-PPOH produced comparable reductions in infarct size when administered prior to ischemia or just prior to reperfusion. HMR-1098, but not 5-HD blocked the reductions in IS /AAR afforded by MIC and 17-ODYA. These data suggest that in the rat, similar to the dog, inhibition of the CYP ω-hydroxylase produced cardioprotection. However, as opposed to the mouse studies with the overexpressing CYP2J2, the sarc KATP channel seems to be the major channel in transducing the cardioprotective effects of inhibiting the CYP ω-hydroxylase in rats as opposed to the mito KATP channel which appears to mediate the effect of the EETs in the CYP2J2 transgenic mouse [4]. This may just be a species difference or it could be due to different mediators of cardioprotection being produced in normal rats and dogs as opposed to the CYP2J2 transgenic mouse. It is also possible that one KATP channel is responsible for cardioprotection during the ischemic period as opposed to the other channel which may be protective at reperfusion. Clearly, more studies are needed to sort out these signaling pathways responsible for benefit in these various species.
Mechanisms responsible for cardioprotection due to activation or blockade of the CYP pathway
Role of myocardial KATP channels
There are several papers which previously have suggested that the EETs are potent activators of the sarc KATP channel [46,47] as well as one which suggests they may also act via the mito KATP channel [4]. Initially, Lu et al. [46] determined the effects of the EETs on KATP channels of rat cardiac myocytes using the inside-out patch clamp technique. In the presence of 100 μM ATP, the open channel probability (Po) of the sarc KATP channel was increased by 240% by addition of 0.1 μM 11,12-EET and by 400% by 5 μM 11,12-EET. Neither AA nor 11,12 DHET had any effect on the Po, whereas, 8,9-EET showed an identical response as that of 11,12-EET. Application of 11,12-EET markedly decreased the channel sensitivity to cytoplasmic ATP from 21.2 ± 2 μM at baseline to 240 ± 60 μM in the presence of 0.1 μM and to 780 ± 30 in the presence of 5 μM of 11,12-EET. The resting membrane potential in rat cardiac myocytes was also hyperpolarized by addition of 11,12-EET. All of these effects of the EETs were completely blocked by glyburide, the KATP channel antagonist. Mito KATP channel activity was not addressed in this study.
In a more recent study from this laboratory, Lu et al. [47] demonstrated that the 11(S),12(R)-EET regioisomer activated the rat ventricular myocyte sarc KATP channel with an EC50 of 39.5 nM, whereas, the 11(R),12(S)-EET isomer was inactive. Only the 11(S),12(R)-EET hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential and shortened the cardiac action potential. All the similar analogs and homologs of 11,12-EET were equipotent activators of the sarc KATP channel as a result of their ability to reduce the channel sensitivity to ATP. Using various structural modifications of 11,12-EET these authors indicated that the presence of an epoxide group in a particular three-dimensional configuration is a critical determining factor for KATP channel opening. In particular, a double bond at the ω-3 position adds to its potency for activating KATP channels. These results suggest that the EETs bind to specific sites on the sarc KATP channel and that it may be possible to design more potent and efficacious openers of this channel for potential therapeutic use.
Our recent studies in rats with several CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitors [45], clearly showed that it seems to be the sarc KATP channel that mediates the cardioprotective effect of reducing 20-HETE concentrations and not the mito KATP channel since HMR-1098, the sarc KATP channel inhibitor, blocks the protective effects of the CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitors, whereas, 5-HD, the selective mito KATP blocker had no effect. These data seem to support the previous studies of Lu et al. [46,47] performed in rat cardiomyocytes in which they showed that the EETs were potent activators of sarc KATP channels. However, based on our rat studies it is not clear that the EETs are responsible for the cardioprotective effects seen in rats since MS-PPOH, a CYP epoxygenase inhibitor had no effect in this model. In addition, Seubert et al. showed that flavoprotein fluorescence, a marker of mito KATP channel activity [4], was significantly higher in cardiomyocytes obtained from CYP2J2 transgenic animals as opposed to wild-type mice. Furthermore, Seubert et al.[4] showed that 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET increased flavoprotein fluorescence in cardiomyocytes obtained from wild-type mice. These results suggest that the EETs may be able to activate both mito and sarc KATP channels to produce cardioprotection. In agreement, we have recently found that 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET both produce equal degrees of cardioprotection when administered to dog or rat hearts and that glyburide blocked these effects in dogs and 5-HD blocked their effect in rats (unpublished data). Taken together, these results suggest that the beneficial effects of activating the CYP epoxygenase pathway in the heart are mediated, at least partly, via opening the sarc and/or mito KATP channel.
Other metabolic pathways involved in CYP-induced cardioprotection
The EETs have been shown to activate a number of signaling pathways that appear to be separated from their direct effect on ion channels including activation of the guanine-nucleotide-binding protein, Gαs [48] by ADP-ribosylation. This activity of the EETs appears to result in activation of BKca channels in vascular smooth muscle and a resultant vasodilator response. It has been proposed by Spector et al. [49] that activation of protein kinase A (PKA) may be a branch point in EET signaling with one arm translocating to the nucleus and producing changes in gene transcription while the other branch results in activation of the BKca channel by phosphorylation of a serine residue in vascular smooth muscle.
There is also evidence that EETs may signal via a tyrosine kinase in endothelial cells isolated from pig coronary arteries [50] or in LLCPKc14 cells. The EETs have also been shown to result in phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), PI3-kinase, cSrc and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1 and 2). In this regard, the observation that ERK 1 and 2 are activated by the EETs is particularly important since Seubert et al.[4] showed that ERK was upregulated in the CYP2J2 transgenic mice and that administration of a MEK 1,2 inhibitor, PD98059, during reperfusion blocked the cardioprotective effect of CYP2J2 overexpression. That the EGFR receptor is phosphorylated by the EETs is also of potential importance since the EGFR receptor has recently been shown to mediate the cardioprotective effects of opioids in the heart [51]. Spector et al. [49] proposed that the EETs may regulate EGFR via the upstream activation of a metalloproteinase.
Finally, EETs have been shown to produce antiinflammatory effects via autocrine effects on endothelial cells [52,53]. In particular, 11,12-EET has been demonstrated to reduce leukocyte adhesion to the vascular smooth muscle wall and to inhibit the activation of NF-κB. Whether these effects occur in ischemic/reperfused hearts is open to speculation and should be a target for future studies. Such antiinflammatory effects may explain our observations that inhibition of 20-HETE formation at reperfusion and a possible upregulation of EETs produces a cardioprotective effect in our rat studies [45].
Several recent studies performed in transgenic mice overexpressing a CYP2J2 isoform [4] and those performed in intact dogs [3], rats [45], and rabbits[2] have all suggested that the CYP pathway mediates a cardioprotective effect when the CYP epoxygenase pathway is activated during ischemia/reperfusion or when the CYP ω-hydroxylase pathway is blocked during ischemia/reperfusion. At this time it is unclear as to whether the protective effects observed in these studies are due to an increase in EET formation during ischemia/reperfusion or the result of a decrease in the formation of 20-HETE at the same time or the combination of the two effects. Alternatively, another unknown product of the CYP pathway such as nitric oxide (NO) may be involved. Another area of interest which is not well defined, concerns the cellular mechanisms responsible for the cardioprotection observed via this pathway. Evidence pointing to a role for activation of the sarc KATP or mito KATP channel has been observed in several laboratories [4,45] and there is evidence for a role of the ERK pathway in the protective effects observed [4]. Obviously, many additional experiments will be required in the future to ascertain the protective substance(s) involved in the cardioprotection observed and the cellular signaling pathways involved in this novel pathway of AA metabolism.
The authors work quoted in this review was supported by funds obtained through NIH Grant HL074314-03.
Author notes
- epoprostenol
- ischemia
- myocardial ischemia
- vasoconstrictor agents
- metabolism
- cytochrome p450
- reperfusion therapy
- physiologic reperfusion
- 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
- arachidonic acid
- cardiovascular system
- mixed function oxygenases
- hydroxylation
- lipoxygenase
- tissue membrane
- phospholipase
- phospholipases a
- prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase
- reperfusion injury
- heart
- 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
- vascular network
- metabolites


text:
This Classified is Closed
For Sale:
P Johnson Double Breasted Navy Blazer 36/46R
Will Ship To: Anywhere
P. Johnson Double Breasted Navy-Blue Jacket.
P Johnson are an Australian MTM Tailor with production in Italy retailing jackets for ~$1500 AUD
This one is cut from Ariston wool with full canvas owned for less than 1 year but outgrown it.
Only fault is a small moth hole which was repaired by an invisible mender - repair can be seen in last picture.
Measurements (laid flat)
Shoulders (across the back) - 17"
Chest (pit-to-pit) - 17.5"
Sleeve (shoulder seam down) - 24"
Length (back of collar down) - 28.5"
Edited by crappbag - 2/3/16 at 2:08am


text:
NEWEST: american poetry review
the rumpus ( poetry month 2016 feature )
FORTHCOMING: + four way review + blackbird
ploughshares the rumpus (1) (2) sycamore review
revolver [pank] ampersand review
b o d y 1110 southern humanities review (1) (2)
ninth letter washington square review
MEET ME HERE AT DAWN is now available from YesYes Books, as well as Small Press Distribution.
"As this marvelous debut blurs the boundary between taboo and convention, secrecy and privacy, I kept thinking of Edward Hopper's 1959 painting Excursion Into Philosophy, the way the lovers there impart a mix of longing and regret. Like Hopper, Sophie Klahr troubles the line between isolation and intimacy. The results are mature and unflinching. Meet Me Here At Dawn is bittersweet, sensual, and brilliant."
— Terrance Hayes
"Sophie Klahr moves through the chambers of the mind and heart like an expert escape artist, keys hidden in the body's coverts are revealed in a 'rush of knowing,' the body's 'first breaking and entering' that feels both clandestine and disclosive. This is poetry of immense vulnerability and fierce mettle; determined, convincing and heroically alive with courage of every kind."
—D.A. Powell
Sophie Klahr's Meet Me Here at Dawn is unlike anything I have ever come across before. It is a blaze, a song sung at full decibel. And yet, astonishingly athletic, her poems hold back: keeping perfect balance, these fragments or dreams describe a precipice and linger at the abyss, living in the space between. This a wondrous collection, an important and necessary book.
— Cynthia Cruz
About Meet Me Here At Dawn
Eroticism tinged with elegy, gratitude knit with doubt; Meet Me Here At Dawn contains an unmistakably open voice. Sophie Klahr's debut poetry collection careens from hunger to hunger. With lyric energy and narrative determination, the poems are missives sent back from a threshold, chronicling disease, the unspoken pains of family, the fabric of an extra-marital affair. "What aperture makes a woman?" Klahr asks in "One Slaughter." In Meet Me Here At Dawn, even the unanswerable is unfaltering, every question brightly wrought and necessary.
release date Dec 1 2016
reading & interview on prosody, 91.3 WYEP
reading for the volta: medium
the rumpus: the last poem I loved: "locking yourself out then trying to get back in" by raymond carver
the rumpus: the last poem i loved: "bolt from the blue" by gregory orr
gulf coast editor's blog: 1. speaking out
the southeast review: reconnaissance by carl phillips
gulf coast: slow lightning by eduardo c. corral
selected interviews & whatnot:
author's note: ploughshares blog
person person: interview at modern romance
A single poem in six sections, _____ Versus Recovery chronicles a woman's committal to a psychiatric ward and subsequent spiraling of memory, as she struggles to break with the world of addiction and grasp rehabilitation. Released from Pilot Books in 2007, this chapbook was handmade in a limited edition of 200, with design, typesetting and assembly by Betsy Wheeler.
Shaped like a brain shaped like a moth
world crashing in heat. pregnant
girl sits dumb in a dirty red
leather armchair on a caving porch
upstairs, someone's begging for it
a pregnant dumb world
upstairs, they say she's begging for it
a dirty red heat
upstairs, nobody's crashing. a listening,
a caving in
( a brain a moth )
praise :
"...risky material with sharp lyricism and an even more impressive sense of control."
- Pittsburgh City Paper ( full review )
"The work of Sophie Klahr is both restless and arresting. This poem doesn't just glow, it illuminates." - Terrance Hayes
"Sophie Klahr has brought back something of beauty from her occupation in the inner circles of the psyche —fragile, broken, stunning." - Nick Flynn
MAIL : email@example.com
BLOG : a synonym for living
TWITTER : @sophieklahr
INSTAGRAM : @sophieandthechoices
yesyes books matthew siegel kelle groom nick flynn corey zeller
eireann lorsung robby auld jane wong gigantic sequins
faith eliott cass mccombs the beecharmer anna vogelzang emilyn brodsky
drew o'doherty jessica allyn daniel heath secret tombs
performance | art | fashion:
dorothy hoover lauren Indovina center for imaginative cartography and research
allison pharmakis gary card drone alert sutras la strega bianca | louisa marie
art farm national geographic national resources defense council city of asylum
democracy now! atlantic center for the arts the rumpus the station museum


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- Worldwide Rank #66,271,977
- Follower/Following Ratio 1.33
- Daily New Followers 0
たかやす みか Twitter Stats
@0122_mika - Tracking たかやす みか Twitter profile since August 7, 2015
神栖高校。Malacca の社畜です。▶@ryuudai02232◀
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text:
Typical pregnancy recommendations feature age old advice such as the need to increase folic acid intake, cut down – or eliminate – foods that contain mercury, kick vices such as smoking and drinking, and to provide a safe prenatal environment for your unborn child that is as stress and anxiety free as possible. What isn't mentioned often in the same breath as this pregnancy-related advice is prenatal DNA testing, which is a non-invasive prenatal test that is often performed on mothers deemed to have increased risk criteria, such as advanced age or a familial history of certain genetic conditions. While this test can't magically cure the condition, it can at least provide you an advanced look of what it entails, and what steps you and your family need to take in order to ensure that you are ready for this type of commitment.
What is Prenatal DNA Testing?
Prenatal DNA testing is a noninvasive prenatal test that uses fetal DNA found circulating throughout the mother's bloodstream, known as cell-free DNA. This test allows a lab to screen for the presence of certain trisomies, such as Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) and Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome). Trisomies are genetic abnormalities defined by having a copy of a certain set of chromosomes present. These genetic defects are found through the presence of these abnormalities in the fetal DNA, which is why doctors often order the test when mothers are 35 and older, have a familial history of genetic abnormalities, have a positive serum screen and an ultrasound finding.
Trisomy 21 is the most common of the three, and will almost certainly lead to congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal disorders, and/or problems in the endocrine system, in addition to developmental disabilities that can range from mild to moderate. Although health conditions are common, those affected typically live rather long lives, with the average lifespan being about 56 years of age.
Trisomy 18 and 13 are much more severe, albeit more rare. Both conditions lead to significant physical and mental disabilities, with many of the fetuses dying before birth, and those that do survive living mere weeks or months after labor. There are few reports of Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13 children surviving into their early teens, but this is incredibly rare and constitutes less than a quarter of one percent of all affected.
How Do I Get the Test?
If your healthcare professional deems you to be of an increased risk, he or she will order the test. The test requires a small amount of blood to be drawn from the mother, and then sent to a lab for screening and the sample can be taken as early as week 10 in your pregnancy. Your healthcare professional will generally have the results of this test within five days from the date the lab receives the initial sample.
What Will the Test Tell Me?
The test will tell you, conclusively, whether any of the above mentioned trisomies are present in the blood sample. It will also reveal the fetal gender, should you decide that you want to know. The test is designed to screen for the presence of trisomies 21, 18 and 13 without the risk of prenatal invasive procedures. What it won't do is inform you of any specific health conditions related to these trisomies, such as congenital heart defects that are common in Trisomy 21 cases.
As I previously mentioned, the test isn't intended to cure or treat any of these conditions, and positive tests may warrant the need for additional testing, but in a world that allows us the benefit of knowing so that we can be better prepared for any situation, it only makes sense to take advantage of it.


text:
|Date / Time
|Thursday November 10, 2016 @06:40PM
|Pro Video Editor Says MacBook Pro Beats Out Superior Spec'd Windows Machines In Real-World
|Wednesday October 19, 2016 @04:30PM
|BBC Micro Bit Mini-Computer To Expand Internationally With New Hardware
|Thursday May 19, 2016 @10:00PM
|ARM Announces Next-Gen 64-Bit Artemis Mobile Chip On 10nm TSMC FinFET Process
|Tuesday April 05, 2016 @03:40PM
|Samsung Starts Mass Producing Industry's First 10-Nanometer Class DRAM
|Sunday March 27, 2016 @10:44AM
|iPhone 7s May Sport Curved Glass and AMOLED Display
|Monday December 28, 2015 @12:04AM
|Perl 6 Released
|Tuesday March 03, 2015 @01:53AM
|Google Backs Off Default Encryption on New Android Lollilop Devices
|Saturday February 21, 2015 @05:17PM
|Nvidia Faces Suit Over GTX970 Performance Claims
|Saturday February 07, 2015 @05:01PM
|Dell Venue 8 7000, "World's Thinnest Tablet" With Intel Moorefield Atom Reviewed
|Thursday October 02, 2014 @12:24PM
|Lost Opportunity? Windows 10 Has the Same Minimum PC Requirements As Vista
|Tuesday June 17, 2014 @08:18AM
|Kingston and PNY Caught Bait-and-Switching Cheaper Components After Good Reviews
|Tuesday April 16, 2013 @08:50AM
|Google Glass Specs Hit the Web
|Tuesday December 04, 2012 @10:40AM
|But Can It Run Crysis 3?
|Sunday August 01, 2010 @11:48AM
|Hacker Builds $1,500 Cell Phone Tapping Device
|Monday June 30, 2008 @04:19PM
|Microsoft Releases Pre-2007 Binary File Format Specs
|Thursday March 30, 2006 @12:32PM
|Revolution Horsepower Revealed
Lo! Men have become the tool of their tools. -- Henry David Thoreau


text:
ALFREDO ESTRELLA/AFP/Getty Images
Mexican drug trafficker Joaquin Guzman Loera, aka "el Chapo Guzman," the Sinaloa cartel leader was arrested by Mexican marines at a resort in Mazatlan, in northern Mexico.
A. R. Drone/Parrot
Unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs are becoming more and more common. They're commonly by the military to spy in insurgents and more recently, they're being used by law enforcement to investigate criminal behavior in the United States. But it doesn't take a soldier or a police officer to own and operate a UAV. And research labs around the world are advancing the technology, developing a new, diverse generation of UAVs designed to perch on walls, bust drug dealers, fly into storms, look for nuclear disaster survivors and even be controlled with smartphones. Demanding duties mean these vehicles need to be able to fly nonstop for hours, days, and longer. Forget refueling. UAV development is pushing the limits of solar and hydrogen power. It's also pushing the Federal Aviation Administration to open airspace to smaller unmanned vehicles. "The fact that they're finally coming up with small unmanned aircraft system regulations that look reasonable, that's going to take the lid off an industry that's been waiting for this to happen for years," says Kevin Kochersberger, director of the Unmanned Systems Lab at Virginia Tech. He gives these ten UAVs high marks for technological prowess, risk and potential for spin-offs:
Stanford University
Perching UAVs Earlier this year, Stanford University researchers created a model-plane sized unmanned aerial vehicle that can fly directly to a wall and then land vertically on it, superhero style. Miniature spines on its feet allow the vehicle to cling to a surface. The feet, with help from the propeller, can be manipulated so the UAV walks the wall to get a better view. "I am impressed with the engineering on the aircraft and the iterations they went through to get that configuration," Kochersberger says. "It's going to lead to new technologies." He says the UAV has the potential to sense data that would otherwise be unobtainable. According to the Stanford team, the weather-resistant vehicle consumes very little power and can quietly monitor an area for days. No bat signal required. In the same vein, a team at MIT designed a control system that allows a foam glider with a single motor on its tail to land on a perch.
U.S. Army
Reaper The U.S. Army's MQ-9 Reaper isn't exactly new but, along with the Predator drone, it has come a long way in flying continuous missions. The Reaper is a specialty airplane designed for surveillance and equipped with highly accurate laser-guided AGM-114 Hellfire missiles, infrared cameras, and electro-optical cameras on stabilized gimbals. It certainly isn't cheap -- a four-vehicle Reaper system with sensors costs a cool $53.5 million -- but the advantage is that one can be operated entirely from the ground for customs and border protection. "They're flying 24 hours a day. If you look at the cost of a manned aircraft flying that many hours, it's cost effective to keep them up," Kochersberger says. "When you look at the manpower and the risks that are there to the operator, you're not putting a pilot at risk."
Virginia Tech
Modified RMAX Chopper Kochersberger leads a team at Virginia Tech that transformed a 200-pound Yamaha RMAX helicopter so that it could potentially be sent out after a disaster to search for survivors and gather data on the extent of the damage. The federally funded project took Yamaha's low-cost, remote-controlled crop dusting chopper and equipped it with autopilot and a special box containing a computer, payload radio, and customized circuit boards. "Our helicopter is the only RMAX that's flying any missions these days," Kochersberger says. "Two people can easily handle it and set it up. In this case, it's to get it up after a nuclear disaster and learn about the nature of the accident, and gather data without putting people in harm's way in a radioactive environment." He adds that the team is working on a tethered robot.
U.S. Navy
Fire Scout The U.S. Navy's pilotless robocopter, Fire Scout, had an adventurous test flight in the spring. Aviation Week reported that while the Fire Scout was completing surveillance sea trials from the USS McInerney, its operators spotted a speedboat suspected of drug smuggling. The Northrop Grumman vehicle is 31 feet long, ten feet tall, and has a 600-pound lift capacity. Fire Scout's remote operators wrapped up the test flights and decided to go after the speedboat. The chopper watched the boat for three hours and when it linked up with a fishing boat, law enforcement stepped in and seized about 60 kilos of cocaine. In August, however, Navy operators lost control of the robocopter in restricted airspace above Washington, DC. Ultimately they regained control and landed it safely. The Navy blamed the incident on a software anomaly, and resumed unmanned flights in September. Usually human error is the issue, Kochersberger says. "The majority of the accidents are human ground control operator based."
Zephyr In July, British defense company QinetiQ's solar-powered Zephyr broke the world record for flying nonstop without refueling. The thin 110-pound carbon fiber UAV stayed airborne for two weeks straight in Arizona. This version is about 50 percent larger than QinetiQ's original version, and more aerodynamic. Kochersberger gives the Zephyr high marks. "QinetiQ has been at this for years," he says. "It stores enough during the day to fly all night." Paper-thin solar arrays cover the wings, providing power to the lithium-sulfur batteries that kept it aloft in the darkness. The defense company expects its record-breaking UAV will be ideal for conducting environmental research, providing remote communications, and monitoring areas during a natural disaster.
University of Colorado and University of Nebr
Tempest When everyone else is running for cover from a violent storm, the Tempest unmanned aerial vehicle is going straight into it. The UAV and its instruments are part of a large-scale scientific research project called VORTEX2 that aims to understand tornadoes. The 10-foot-wide, 20-pound can move at 100 miles per hour, and has sensors to measure air pressure, moisture, wind speed, and temperature. Initially, researchers from the University of Colorado and the University of Nebraska who developed the Tempest were unsure that their UAV would be able to make measurements in a supercell storm, the kind that spews heavy rain, hail, wind, and sometimes a tornado. Yet last May, when the team got the green light from the FAA, they flew the Tempest into a supercell thunderstorm over northwestern Kansas. The UAV flew for 44 minutes, successfully transmitting meteorological data, along with its position and status, wirelessly to a control station and tracker vehicle on the ground. Kochersberger, who has seen the Tempest up close, says it's a novel use for a UAV. "I've talked to their researchers. I like their design philosophy," he says. "They certainly got closer to bad weather."
Phantom Eye In July, Boeing unveiled a prototype for its hydrogen-fueled UAV, Phantom Eye. Designed to fly at 65,000 feet for up to four days straight, the vehicle has two 2.3-liter, four-cylinder engines, can carry 450 pounds of payload, and is scheduled to have its maiden flight in early 2011. Kochersberger compares the Phantom Eye with DARPA's Vulture program to create a five-year battery-powered UAV that can carry more than 1,000 pounds. While Vulture is more ambitious, he says there's probably a two- or three-year development cycle before it flies. The Phantom Eye is still on the ground, too, but closer to flying. An airplane that will stay up for several days in orbit as a communications hub is novel, Kochersberger says. "It's a radical design."
Rockwell Collins
Automatic Supervisory Adaptive Control When several million dollars' worth of technology is airborne, it also better be able to keep going after getting shot. The aviation technology company Rockwell Collins designed a flight control system that figures out what goes wrong when an airplane sustains catastrophic damage. The automatic system readjusts instantly to safely land the plane. The system was successfully flight tested in 2008 on an unmanned FA-18 subscale model air vehicle sponsored by DARPA. In Aberdeen, Maryland, the test blew more than 60 percent of the plane's wing off. The system automatically righted the plane, allowing it to land normally. Last summer, Aviation Week reported that the company has a contract to put its system in an operational UAV. Rockwell Collins' automatic supervisory adaptive control is based on the known flight control laws that govern the aircraft's characteristics, Kochersberger says. "They developed a nonlinear flight control algorithm. It will sense the aerodynamics and fly in spite of those inefficiencies," he says. "It's really fast, too. If the wing comes off, it's immediately stable again." The technology has the potential to keep military personnel and civilian passengers safe.
Solar Eagle DARPA's Solar Eagle unmanned aerial vehicle is like a low-altitude satellite, Kochersberger says. The solar-powered UAV has loftier goals than the company's hydrogen-powered Phantom Eye. Currently the Solar Eagle is being designed to have a 400-foot span between wings, carry 1,000 pounds of sensors and payloads, and remain at 65,000 feet for five years. Yes, years. The $89 million project aims to begin flight-testing in two years. Kochersberger expects that the Solar Eagle will spin off new tech related to communications. "Temporary wide area communications that are similar to satellites -- that's a new industry that would spring up from the use of the airplane," he says.
A. R. Drone Parrot When one thinks of UAVs, a toy isn't the first thing that comes to mind. But that's exactly what the A.R. Drone by French company Parrot is. The half-pound quadricopter is now on the market and costs around $300. Its Wi-Fi system works with Apple's platforms so the small chopper can be controlled using an iPhone, iPod Touch, or an iPad, and multiple players on a network can compete against one another with the vehicles. Other smart devices should work with the toy in the future, according to the company. Kochersberger credits associate professor Mary Cummings for creating a similar vehicle in her Humans and Automation Lab at MIT. She and her students designed a one-pound quad-rotor UAV that has sensors and a built-in camera, and can be controlled using an iPhone. "The Parrot toy, you could say it's a game," Kochersberger says. "But you could put a radio repeater in there to drive it behind the building and relay radio messages."
US authorities announced plans to seek the extradition of Mexico's most powerful drug lord after his capture in a US-backed operation that included a drone, cellphone intercepts and elite Mexican marines.
As prosecutors in New York prepared their request, new details emerged Sunday from the manhunt that led to the capture of Sinaloa cartel boss Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, whose empire has smuggled drugs to the United States, Europe and Asia.
8 Totally Cool Uses For Drones
The US surveillance drone was used for two weeks between mid-January and mid-February to back up a massive operation in the northwestern city of Culiacan, a US government official told AFP on condition of anonymity.
Guzman eventually slipped out of Culiacan, the capital of Sinaloa state, after escaping through tunnels under one of his safe houses as the marines closed in on him, Mexican and US officials said. Under pressure, the 56-year-old drug capo, who had been on the run since escaping from prison 13 years ago, fled further south to the beach resort city of Mazatlan.
It was there that the elite marine unit captured him on Saturday, in the fourth floor of a condominium, with a surprisingly small entourage that included one lookout, one bodyguard and a woman believed to be his beauty-queen wife, the US official said.
Guzman went down without a single shot.
"Cellular telephone intercepts were involved in the arrest," the official said. The US Drug Enforcement Administration had provided intelligence information to the marines.
Personal Manifestos: Never A Good Sign
The US official said the remote-controlled aircraft was not used in Mazatlan, but it had been deployed in Culiacan to corroborate other intelligence and that Mexico's military had authorized its use.
One of the world's most wanted man, Guzman had been spending most of his time in the bustling city of Culiacan, living in houses with escape tunnels, extra thick walls and steel-reinforced doors, officials said. "It's a big city where he has his contacts, his women, his houses," the US official said.
Officials had hoped that Guzman would flee to a rural, more open space to capture him, and his decision to run to Mazatlan around three days before his arrest was a surprise, the official said.
Mexican drug trafficker Joaquin Guzman Loera, aka "el Chapo Guzman," the Sinaloa cartel leader was arrested by Mexican marines at a resort in Mazatlan, in northern Mexico.ALFREDO ESTRELLA/AFP/Getty Images
His arrest capped a months-long operation that resulted in the arrests of a dozen Sinaloa cartel operatives, including alleged bodyguards of Guzman's top associate, Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada.
Several cellphones were seized from the detainees and later used to establish wiretaps as part of the operation against the Sinaloa cartel, said an official from the Mexican attorney general's office.
8 Totally Cool Uses For Drones
The official said authorities are still searching for Zambada, who is considered Guzman's natural successor.
Nabbing Guzman, who is considered the world's biggest drug trafficker, was a major victory in President Enrique Pena Nieto's push to rein in drug violence in his country. The Sinaloa cartel's turf wars with rival gangs contributed to a wave of drug violence that left more than 77,000 people dead in the past seven years.
The United States had offered a $5 million reward for information leading to his capture, with several indictments in cities from New York to San Diego. Robert Nardoza, a spokesman for the US Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York, said prosecutors there "plan to seek his extradition."
A senior Republican lawmaker called for Guzman's extradition, warning that "the biggest fish ever" may try to flee again in a repeat of his legendary 2001 escape from prison in a laundry cart.
Personal Manifestos: Never A Good Sign
"I think that would be the best course for not only Mexico, but also the United States, in ensuring that what happened in 2001 does not happen again," Michael McCaul, chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, told ABC television.
A Mexican foreign ministry spokesman declined to comment on the planned extradition request. An official in the Mexican attorney general's office said Guzman has to finish the 20-year sentence he avoided by fleeing eight years into his prison term.
But he is also facing new charges of drug trafficking, using illegal funds, organized crime and possession of weapons reserved for the military, the official said. The captured kingpin is not facing murder charges.


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Bubble Witch 2 Saga Mod Apk 1.61.5 Mega Mod
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Gray Sale Inline Skates
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Reg. $85.00
Great for a new skater that is looking to excel at the sport comes the K2 Marlee Adjustable skates. These cute skates that every girl will want to skate on.These adjustable skates move up five sizes so that as your child's foot grow, you can increase t... Read More
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Reg. $379.99
The Rollerblade Maxxum 90 Urban Inline Skates combine a fusion of superior lateral support, comfortable padded liners, and a versatile wheel setup that can be used for commuting, cruising, or training. The vented, molded hard shell provides plenty of s... Read More
{"boxId":"compare36fc52f98d2d6d66fca5b3b020", "id":"415886P"}
Reg. $240.00
If you love skating and you pull on your inlines and hit the road ready to really work up a sweat, then you'll want to check out these K2 FIT X Pro Inline Skates; they're versatile and supportive, have a great fit and lots performance. Outfitted with a... Read More
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Python is well known as a programming language that is easy to learn. With a simple, expressive syntax, Python is refreshingly free of the gotchas and edge-cases that plague learners of many other languages. Python isn't just for beginners though! It is an expressive and powerful language that is widely used by professional coders and shops.
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You can build on your knowledge of Python by watching Data Handling With Python and Crawl the Web With Python. If you like the elegance of the Python programming language, Django is the web framework for you! Learn Django in our course: Getting Started With Django.


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"Oh I ate before I came..." "Of course I'm eating properly!" "I'm not hungry..." "I don't feel very well.." Harry Styles has secrets. Lots. And lots of secrets.... Wanna know some? Harry cuts. Harry starves himself. Harry is slowly wasting away. Harry gets beaten at home. Harry's a closet gay. And nobody even knows. Everyday when he comes home from school he goes to the bathroom to weigh himself. He doesn't see the stick figure with their bones jutting out in the mirror. No. He sees himself as overweight. Sickening. Fat. That's why he starves himself. That's why he cuts. But things are going to change... Louis Tomlinson. A bright cheerful confident boy. Has nothing to hide (well except his sexuality). Everyone loves Louis. But unfortunately for Louis his step dad has got a new job in none other than Cheshire. When Louis starts at Holmes Chapel he instantly makes friends with a lot of people. Except one. No matter how hard he tries. The curly haired boy pushes him away. He pushes everyone away. Two boys. A heck of a lot of secrets. Can Louis finally fix Harry and make him see just the real him? Or will he push him further down into a spiraling pit of self hatred? **WARNING MAY CONTAIN EATING DISORDERS, CUTTING, BOYXBOY, SWEARING DO NOT READ IF YOU FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED**
llama_salsa Jan 21
i was a year clean until the other day... i relapsed and i don't know why...
qualifiedlarrie Feb 16
Wattpad knows I'm bi, and a lot of my friends (some just can't keep their fücking mouth closed) none of my family knows that I'm bi, except my cousin. She's a cool dude
justalarrie Feb 13
I have goosebumps all over my body because of this video 😭❤ it's soooo good 👍❤
louisisreallyhot Feb 19
I feel good for the people who have been clean for more than a day.
Daddyplier_69 Jan 19
I've used that one so many times.. Kinda surprised, that it still works
bullshit_i_ship Dec 04, 2016
I don't know why I always pick the sad one but I'm gonna read on anyway


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Doug Lindstrand
Deer: The Ultimate Artist's Reference: A Comprehensive Collection of Sketches, Photographs and Reference Material
Книгу можно купить в интернет-магазинах:
· OZON.ru 2445р. [Проверить наличие]
ISBN: 1565231953Издательство: Fox Chapel Publishing
Год издания: 2003
Страниц: 120
Compiled with artistic attention to detail and texture, this book offers photographs, sketches, and field notes useful to environmental artists who want to render deer with greater accuracy. All species of North American deer are profiledin a wide variety of seasons and settings, ranging from the Florida Keys to the Alaskan frontier. Artists who work in mediums such as woodcarving, scrollsawing, painting, woodburning, sketching, and illustrating will learn how to capture deer in motion and at rest.


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Hotels in Beckfoot
Hotel reservation
United Kingdom
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Compare General Practice attorneys near you. Read reviews, see Avvo Ratings, and contact them directly.
4.5 stars 3 reviews
Avvo Rating: 7.1
Review: "I hired Mr. Rubinstein in 1990, I had two felony cases open at the same time. I was facing 8 to 25 years. Mr. Rubinstein and his legal team handle my case with the best professionalism l have ever seen, We won!! Not onl...
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General practice attorneys perform a wide range of legal services but usually do not focus on a single area of the law. You will usually find a general practice lawyer in a small town, but big cities have them as well. You might consider a general practice lawyer as a "Jack of all Trades" who can give advice in many legal areas, represent you in common lawsuits and negotiations, and prepare everyday agreements and contracts. If you have a legal issue and aren't sure what type of lawyer should handle it, a general practice attorney is a good starting point. A general practice lawyer will refer you to an attorney who handles a specific practice area if necessary.


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|Embark Old Marauder Cider
PilsnerPeter (100) Flushing, New York | August 1, 2006| Updated March 2, 2009
I finally set out for the journey to this place and I feel it was worth it. It you live in the NYC area, sure, you have the three stores and between them you have a great selection, but this place has hard to finds, rare kegs on their taps, and the people there know their stuff. They also have visitors from breweries and have tastings and beer contests through out the year as well. I spent almost $200 at this place and drove 80 miles to get there, and it was worth every moment. Huge belgian isle, massive domestic isle, and some harder to find Lambics, and others. Highly recommended.
beastiefan2k (253) HdG (past: NYC, KS, Rain City), Maryland | March 16, 2006| Updated May 24, 2006
Out of all the great things my gilfriend has done for me, one of them was to introduce me to Halftime. I am from NYC and she is from Poughkeepsie. So about 2 years ago I went up to meet her family and we drove to a couple of distributors that were disappointing. Then she took me here and I was amazed. It is a supermarket for beer. Over the years my enthusiasm has subsided becuase I have found a few other similar places (New Beer in NYC) but this was a first. As everyone said they have a lot of everything. Numerous micros, more belgians (dont get your hopes up no Westys) then I have seem anywhere, same with German beers., and even macros if youre into that stuff. The prices are steep for some of the bottles, not all. The taps are all overpriced, but they do get rare kegs. The staff are all great, many of them know their beers, they do not bother you, and the owner just loves to talk about beer. Very clean, gift baskets, free coasters, once in a while they throw in free glasses. Ok thats enough, go there and see.
notalush (395) Denver, Colorado | March 11, 2006| Updated October 23, 2010
Firstly: this is probably the most well-organized, cleanly, geek-friendly beer store I have ever seen. Secondly: if you live in the NYC metro area and have access to stores like New Beer and American Beer, you probably wont orgasm in your pants upon walking into this store, as others have. However, you will find enough, in my opinion, to justify the trek upstate. They have a handful of belgian imports Ive actually never seen in the NY area stores, and they have a wider selection of New England micros (especially Cisco, which is a big plus for me). The prices are reasonable, and the staff is more friendly and beer-educated than Ive seen in any other store...anywhere. In short, dont believe the hype, but certainly make the trip.
ElJefe (9) Rochester, New York | February 26, 2006| Updated June 11, 2007
This place is outstanding. The selection is great, you can get anything they carry as a single, they have growler fills, tons of stuff cold, and its clean and well organized. Now what more could you ask from a beer store? The staff let me roam around unaided, as they could probably tell from the selection in my cart I knew what I was doing. I was asked once if I needed any help with anything, and they had plenty of staff available if I needed them. The tap selection for growler fills was nice (Southampton Saison & Aventinus Eisbock, among others). One of the staff (manager or owner?) knew it would take a bit of time to cash me out, so he came over to assist with any price checks, and to just talk to me a bit about beer in general. He had a Stone Imperial Stout shirt on, so that scores points in my book too! Even though the prices are great, be prepared to spend a lot of money in here! They threw in a couple glasses as well! A great touch! The only bad thing about this store is that it isnt closer to me...
fbennett (23) Portland, Oregon | January 23, 2006
Oh yeah, I heard some fantastic things about this place but never did I imagine it would be so perfect. I was visting my wifes family in NY they live in Larchmont, NY and I thought close enough from what I heard I had to go. I drove techinically 200 miles but in reality 60 miles from my wifes cousins house. Half Time is so easy to get to basically a straight drive off rt 9. As I entered Half Time my mouth dropped I had never been to a place this big soley dedicated to brew. As you walk in you see theyve divided the place up US craft brew/UK/Belgium/Scotland/Imports(canada,thailand,etc). I found so many beers I couldnt get normally and for great prices. They also have about 12 beers on tap (rotating offering) to take 10oz samples or 1/2 gal. growlers which is fantastic. They also have everything warm they have cold, yes! I could write all day about this place but just know that if your in the area aka 60miles or so GO! Go now!
ABUSEDGOAT (64) California | November 8, 2005| Updated January 6, 2006
Huge selection here. Cant get uber US micro brews and stuff like Westy, but otherwise they probably have it. Everyone here knows a lot and are all helpful. Worth the 2 hour drive. Since I got quite a bit I got 2 free glasses: Westmalle and Duchesse, and 2 samples from their taps: Southhampton Porter and Samiclaus. Stuff I can get here that I cant get at home... or rarely at home... HOTD, Avery, Southhampton and lotsa rare ones from places like Rogue, DFH, Belgium, Germany, etc...
IMtheOptimator (33) Brookfield, Connecticut | October 23, 2005| Updated May 1, 2006
One of the best selections Ive seen: Southampton, Heavyweight, Stone, DFH, HOTD, Rogue, Avery, Weyerbacher; tons of Belgian, German, Polish, English and Scottish brews. Friendly staff... gave me a tap on the house when I told them I drove forty miles to see them. RERATE: met the owner today, Alan Daniels. Incredibly nice guy. We talked for quite a while. Theyre doing a great job and I hope they keep it up!
leitrim65 (16) Seattle, Washington | September 15, 2005
Good service, great selection, and they allow you to take singles. Growlers are also available from a selection of 12 taps. Its worth a side trip to this place, and make sure to give yourself some time to linger the aisles.
JFURYCAT (37) East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania | May 22, 2005
I spent all afternoon here yesterday and several knowledgeable staff members helped me navigate the store. I love the selection-they had a pretty good selection when it came to Belgians, Californians, UK beers, Eastern Europeans, and New York and PA microbrews. I liked seeing 12 beers on tap but found the growler prices a bit high. NYS also has this absurd law which says you cannot taste beers at a beer store. You can only taste wine at a wine store. Im just happy I could get bottles which was well worth the 45 minute commute from Milford, PA. I think a lot of people go here as the ad now said 1,200 beers down from 1,400. They had multiple varieties of St. Benardus, Rogue, Hair of the Dog, Abbaye des Rocs, Stone, Bear Republic, North Coast, Weyerbacher, Avery, Chimay, Duvel (almost sold out), Cooperstown Brewing, Fantome, Southampton, Rochefort, Westmalle, Anderson Valley, Samuel Smith, Allagash, Youngs, Ommegang and too many more to list. I didnt have time to check out the Asian and Latin American aisles. I do like how they price the 4/6 packs and single bottles separately. Its like being in a supermarket with wide aisles, ample parking, lots of lighting and big carts.
MaiBockAddict (76) Good Beer Bar Deprived, New Jersey | November 23, 2004
This is where I hit to find the NY micros and Other micros not in NJ. They have them all including Southampton, which is key. Good selection of imports as well, but I have seen better. Growler fills are also available, and Matt is extremely helpful in being a beer guide. Great place to find beers.
tiggmtl (117) Vancouver, British Columbia | November 18, 2004| Updated April 1, 2005
Fairly typical bottle store ambiance. Clean, bright, well-lit, plenty of space in the aisles to navigate your beer cart. Enthusiastic service. Seemed happy to see people picking and choosing plenty of singles rather than just grabbing a case of whatever. Selection appears to be one of the best Ive seen in the North East. Certainly rivals or betters all other bottle shops outside of NYC. This will always be a destination to stop at on any road trip in the area for me.**Ive driven six hours out of my way to shop here, and it is worth it. Food rating applies to the restaurant next door that has a nice little tap and bottle selection and a very good quality if somewhat limited menu.


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Category: Cooling
Hacked By BALA SNIPER
Hacked By BALA SNIPER
As if the news of the GTX Titan was not enough, NVidia announced on the 19th of February that they were introducing their first Tegra chip integrated with LTE. Known as the Tegra 4i, it packs 60 custom GPU cores,… Read More »
Cooler Master has officially unveiled their Seidon 240M and 120XL AIO (all-in-one) CPU coolers. These new liquid coolers are priced to compete with the Seidon 120XL retailing for $79.99 and the Seidon 240M asking $99.99. The focus on these new… Read More »
In our second full day of coverage at CES, we stopped by Cooler Master's suite at the Palms. The first place we went while taking the tour was to the NDA room. Unfortunately, we are not allowed to talk about… Read More »
With pre CES events out of the way, the Xtreme CPU team geared up to brave the mass crowds filtering through the Las Vegas Convention Center floors. If you have never been to this event, think of the crowds rushing… Read More »
STEIGER DYNAMICS Unveils The LEET™ – The World's First Liquid Cooled & Most Powerful Gaming Home Theater PC (HTPC): UPDATE
STEIGER DYNAMICS is the new kid on the block for custom boutique PC vendors. Their goal is simple: Bring high-end gaming to your living room with a truly elite personal computer. The LEET HTPC (Home Theater Personal Computer) is built… Read More »
Sprint has jumped on the iPad Mini with 4G LTE bandwagon joining AT&T and Verizon. The models have not changed, nor have the base prices. The 16GB model will cost you $459.99 with the 32GB and 64GB models running $559.99… Read More »
Today you can preorder the HTC 8X and Nokia Lumia 822 from Verizon for $199 and $99, respectively. The devices are also available without a contract. The HTC 8X will run you $549 off contract, while the Nokia Lumia 822… Read More »
Available now is a review of the up and coming GTX 660 Ti 2GB reference card from NVIDIA posted by www.tweaktown.com. You can check out the full review, sans pictures of the card, here. Discuss in Forum
We stopped by the Motorola booth to get our first glimpse of the upcoming RAZR MAXX. The elusive MAXX edition of the RAZR extends the battery life of the current RAZR and adds a bit more thickness to it as… Read More »


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Homemade Christmas Gifts: 14 Gift Ideas & DIY Home Dcor
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Latest Comments
"The Hushabye Shell Afghan is a beautiful blanket that would be a great shower gift. The pattern is an easy shell stitch and the colts are great for a boy or girl. I am sure that it will keep baby nice and warm. It is made with a nice four ply yarn and should work up fast. This one to save for a later date."
"The wavy rainbow baby blanket is one of the cutest that I have seen. The colors are so bright that a baby will enjoy looking at it. The blanket could also be worked up in other colors that would be great for that special little one. this is not for a beginner, so if this is your first try at crocheting you may not want to try it. Looking forward to working on this."
"The Springtime Lace Afghan Pattern is so cute. It will make a great baby blanket for that special baby. This could be made in many different colors that will really be pretty. The pattern reads really easy and a beginner could do this.I am looking forward to to this project in the very near future."
"he Cape Cod Afghan is really a cute pattern. It would be a great one for beginners. The pattern only calls for two skeins of yarn. The pattern reads really easy. This could also be used as a baby blanket and would look great in one of those baby colors. This is one pattern that I will definitely save for a later project down the road."
Snowman Bead Earrings
By: Karen Mitchell and Ann Mitchell, AnKara Designs for Amaco
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These cute, homemade Snowman Bead Earrings bring a little fun to the coldest time of year. Wear these during the cold months of winter and show off your spirit. Beaded jewelry patterns like this one make the holidays so special. Bead jewelry patterns don't have to be complicated - follow this patterns and find out how easy it is to create your own pieces. Soon you'll want to make your own earrings for every holiday and special occasion.
- FIMO® Soft polymer clay: Metallic White, Metallic Red, Metallic Green, Black, a pinch of Mandarin Orange
- Liquid FIMO® Decorating Gel
- AMACO® Fun Wire - 24 gauge black
- Two silver tone 2" eye pins
- Two silver tone lever back earring hooks
- AMACO® polymer clay and craft oven
- AMACO® pasta machine
- AMACO® PolyBlade
- AMACO® PolyRoller
- AMACO® Bead Baking Rack with bead piercing pins
- AMACO® Tube Bead Roller - Set 1
- AMACO® Tube Bead Roller - Set 2
- AMACO® Professional Bead Roller - Set 2
- AMACO® Professional Bead Roller - Set 8
- Work Surface (granite, marble or glazed ceramic tile recommended)
- Round nose pliers
- Needle nose pliers
- Wire clippers
- Noses: Condition a small amount of Mandarin clay. Roll it into a 1/8" thick snake. Taper one end of the snake into a point. Cut off a 1/4" piece from the pointed end, this forms the carrot nose. Repeat this step to make a second tiny carrot (see photo #1). Place the noses on a tray and bake for 30 minutes at 230-265 F.
- Snowman body: Condition the metallic white clay. Roll it into a 1/2" thick snake (see photo #2). Cut off a 2" section and press it into the groove on the set #2 bead roller to make a 12 mm round bead. Trim off excess clay off the top, and remove the trimmed clay from the groove. Cut off two 3/4" sections of clay, and form into two balls. Place one ball back into the bead roller groove, place the other half of the bead roller on top, and roll your 12 mm bead. Align the bead with the bead piercing marks and insert bead-piercing pin (see photo #3). Repeat this step with the second ball of clay to form a second 12 mm pierced bead.
- Snowman head: Repeat step 1 to form the 2 snowman heads, this time using the small round bead roller set. Follow the package directions to make two pierced 8 mm beads out of the metallic white clay.
- Eyes and buttons: Condition the Black clay. Roll a small amount into a 1/16" thick snake. Cut of eight very thin slices. Place two slices on each snowman body for buttons. Place two slices on each snowman head for eyes (see photo #4).
- Add noses: Dab a bit of the Liquid FIMO® decorating gel on the snowman heads just below the eyes. Press the carrot nose in place, sinking at least 1/3 of the flat end of the cone into the bead (see photo #5).
- Arms: Cut off four 2" pieces of Black Fun Wire™. Form a very small wishbone shaped fork in the wire with your pliers, and then twist the cut ends together. Trim the twisted ends down to 3/8". Make three more pieces like the first. Dip the trimmed end of one wire fork in liquid FIMO® and insert into one side of one of the snowman bodies, sinking it in at least 1/8". Dip the trimmed end of a second wire fork in liquid clay, and insert in the opposite side of the snowman body. Repeat this step for the second snowman (see photo #6). Place body and head beads on the bead baking rack. Bake for 30 minutes at 230-265 F and then allow to cool.
- Form the hat parts: Roll a small ball of Black clay. Roll a 9 mm tube bead with Black clay using set #1 tube bead roller. Place the tube of clay on your work surface. Trim off one of the uneven ends. Cut two 1/16" slices (or slightly thinner) Pierce each disk in the center with a bead piercing pin (see photo #7). TIP: to prevent distorting the tube, roll the tube toward you on your work surface and keep your clay blade perfectly perpendicular to the clay tube as you cut. Use set #2 tube bead roller to roll a 6 mm tube of black clay. Cut two 3/16" slices using the same method as just described (see photo #8). Also roll a second 6 mm tube out of conditioned metallic red clay. Cut two very thin slices from this tube (less that 1/16" thick) (see photo #9). Pierce the red and black beads with bead piercing pins. Place all of these pieces on the bead baking rack.
- Assemble Snowmen: Slide one snowman body onto a 2" headpin. Dab a little Liquid FIMO® onto the top of this bead. Roll a 1/8" ball of unbaked Metallic White clay, and slide it onto the headpin. Dab some more liquid clay on top of this ball. Slide one snowman head in place, flattening the ball in between. Repeat for the second snowman (see photo #10).
- Add scarf: Condition Metallic Green clay. Roll it into a sheet on the fourth thickest setting on the pasta machine. Cut two strips that are 2" long and 1/8" wide. Cut a small "V" at each end of each strip (see photo #11). Take one strip and wrap it around the neck of the first snowman, overlapping the ends. Repeat for the second snowman, overlapping the ends in the opposite direction (see photo #12). Place the snowmen on the bead baking rack and bake the snowmen plus the hat parts for 30 minutes at 230-265 F.
- Assemble hats: Once all the parts are cooled, place the thin 9 mm black disk slices on the heads, then the red band slice, and then the 6 mm black tube slice for the top of the hat (see photo #13). Form a 1/8" loop at the top of each snowman and trim off the excess wire. Hook each loop onto a lever back, and close the loops. Your snowmen are complete!
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mrb 3583276
Feb 20, 2013
My daughter and I made very cute snowmen like this when she was in Middle school in the '90's. We had polymer clay, a kitchen table with waxed paper on it and a few inexpensive jewellry findings...oh, yes, and we had the kitchen oven which, used carefully with designated pans and the fan on is fine.
Dec 04, 2009
An easier way to make these cute earrings is to buy cute buttons from Micheals or Fabric stores, cut off the shank from the back, glue on or screw in an eye screw, add your shepherds hooks and voila! Your earrings are done. Usually a package of buttons have 10 buttons for $2! You do the math!
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