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Lunch and lineups for Morales' return
[caption id="attachment_118240" align="aligncenter" width="502" caption="Chicken caesar salad is the Dan Haren of press box lunches -- always in the rotation"][/caption]
When Bobby Abreu arrived in camp, he was concerned about his role with the Angels this season. In a meeting with manager Mike Scioscia and GM Jerry Dipoto, Abreu was apparently assured that there would be enough of a role for him to get 400 plate appearances this season -- even with Kendrys Morales' return.
But Abreu has done nothing this spring to justify those plate appearances or dissuade observers from thinking last year's second-half slump was not an aberration for the 38-year-old. With Morales in the lineup today, it is getting harder to imagine what use the Angels will have for Abreu in 2012.
Going into today's game against the Royals, Abreu is 3 for 26 this spring (.154) with two singles, one double, three walks and six strikeouts. His bat has looked painfully slow at times (as it did during the second half of 2011).
"Bobby's definitely searching for some timing," Angels manager Mike Scioscia acknowledged before putting up a defense of the veteran. "Bobby can still hit. But I think there's a component of spring training for every player where they want to get their feet on the ground, get their body in shape. Bobby's at that point.
"I know it's going to help him to start squaring some balls up more and having some hits fall in, and hopefully we're going to start seeing that. This isn't really going to be a statistical evaluation of Bobby this spring. But definitely, I think as he starts to get on more pitches and have better swings -- which the other day, he did, he just missed two pitches, which was good to see, he had the head out -- we'll be able to gauge where he is."
Meanwhile, Morales makes his first start in a game against major-leaguers since fracturing his left ankle on May 29, 2010. He'll be batting right-handed against the Royals starter, left-hander Danny Duffy -- something Morales wasn't even allowed to do in batting practice during his aborted comeback attempt last spring.
The plan is to start Morales at DH again on Friday then evaluate his availability for the rest of the weekend, Scioscia said.
SS Erick Aybar
2B Howie Kendrick
1B Albert Pujols
RF Torii Hunter
CF Vernon Wells
DH Kendrys Morales
LF Bobby Abreu
3B Alberto Callaspo
C Chris Iannetta
RHP Jered Weaver
LF Alex Gordon
2B Johnny Giavotella
1B Eric Hosmer
DH Max Ramirez
RF Mitch Maier
3B Yuniesky Betancourt
CF Lorenzo Cain
C Brayan Pena
SS Alcides Escobar
LHP Danny Duffy
-- Tempe, Ariz.
Follow me on Twitter @billplunkettocr.
More from spring training:
- Superstar spring: Pujols' arrival reminiscent of another for the Angels
- 10 questions the Angels will try to answer in spring training
- More experienced Walden returns as Angels closer
- Izturis unsure of his future with the Angels
- Hunter thinks 2012 Angels give him 'my best shot' to win a ring
- Trout's fast track could be slowed by Angels' crowded outfield
- Pujols effect: Who benefits from slugger's presence in lineup?
- Pujols' approach to maintaining 'the Machine'
- Richards making a bid to take the fifth
- What can Weaver do to follow up his 2011 season?
- Wells counting on makeover to give him a do-over in 2012
- Do the Angels have another fast-rising prospect on the horizon?
- Aybar could be the Angels' answer at leadoff -- for now
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Position with Escenic Asia Ltd, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Escenic Asia Ltd (http://www.escenic.com) is a subsidiary of Escenic AS, a provider of online publishing solutions based on the Escenic Content Engine, a high-performance content management and delivery system, and Widget Framework, a powerful toolset for building modular websites for all platforms. Escenic's products are used by many of the world's leading media organizations.
Escenic AS was founded in 1999 and has its head offices in Oslo, Norway. Since 2013, Escenic is a wholly-owned subsidiary of CCI Europe, the leading provider of editorial and advertising solutions for cross-media news environments.
Escenic has more than 50 highly qualified, talented and innovative employees worldwide working with software design, development, quality assurance, operations and support.
Java Web Developer
Escenic is looking for a talented all-around web developer to join our Professional Services team in Dhaka. The Professional Services team work with Escenic's customers to implement high-end online solutions using the Escenic software. Services provided by the team include functional and technical design, front-end and back-end web development, quality assurance, training and more.
As a member of the team, you will participate in web development projects of various sizes for customers all over the world. You are expected to be an expert in Java/Java EE Development as well as web front-end technologies. As you will work in multi-location teams and cooperate closely with colleagues from other Escenic offices, you need to be able to communicate efficiently online and have a structured and well-organized approach to work.
Our offer
Instructions: If interested, send your CV (as a PDF) to firstname.lastname@example.com before 10th July 2015. Please include "your name applied for Java Web Developer" on the subject of your e-mail.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Using Firebase: A Bonus Video in the Handlebars JS Training Course
I really couldn't help myself and decided to create one more bonus video to pull in data from a database. We've learned how to use Handlebars to create templates that pull in data from a JSON file. But how do we pull in data from a not-so-typical, real-time database you ask? We use Firebase, of course.
October 26, 2016


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We investigated how haptic information on object geometry is encoded in the parietal operculum (OP) and is used for guiding object-directed motor acts in humans. We tested the effects of conditioning single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) applied to the left OP on corticospinal excitability assessed by a test spTMS applied to the ipsilateral motor cortex (M1) 5 ms after conditioning spTMS. Participants explored the size of a graspable object visually or haptically and waited for a go-signal to grasp it in the dark. They received TMS during the delay phase. In a separate group of participants performing the same task, conditioning spTMS was applied to the ventral premotor cortex (vPM) 7 ms before test spTMS. Results showed that conditioning TMS over OP modulated M1 output according to the information on object size that had been acquired haptically but not visually. Vice versa, conditioning TMS over vPM modulated M1 output according to information on object size acquired by vision but not haptically. Moreover spTMS over OP produced a significant modulation of the upcoming reaching behavior only when the object had been explored haptically. We show that OP contains a haptic memory of objects' macrogeometry and the appropriate motor plan for grasping them.
The human parietal operculum (OP) is a heterogeneous cortical region located above the caudal Silvian fissure comprising Brodmann's areas 39, 40, 43, 3, 1, and 2 (Eickhoff et al. 2006a, 2006b). It embeds 2 complete tactile sensory representations of the body and is considered an important station for processing somatosensory information (Krubitzer and Kaas 1990; Krubitzer et al. 1995). OP neurons respond to non-noxious and noxious cutaneous and muscular stimuli and to proprioceptive inputs generated by passive joint movements, in nonhuman (Krubitzer et al. 1995; Fitzgerald et al. 2006) and human (Woolsey et al. 1979; Treede and Kunde 1995; Svensson et al. 1997; Disbrow et al. 2000; Del Gratta et al. 2002; Mazzola et al. 2012) primates. The portion of OP that contains such somatosensory representation is historically referred to as the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). Parts of OP are also recruited during active movements. This activity has been considered the consequence of the proprioceptive reafference caused by movement (Faillenot et al. 1997; Binkofski et al. 1999a; 1999b; Ehrsson et al. 2000; 2003), but it also suggests a direct role of OP in the coordination of movement (Jancke et al. 2001; Reed et al. 2004). Dual coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), also referred to as twin-coil TMS or bifocal TMS, is a powerful method to probe the functional link between cortical areas (Koch et al. 2007; O'Shea et al. 2007; Davare et al. 2009). In a recent article, we mapped the connectivity of the entire hemisphere with the ipsilateral M1 by means of a dual coil paradigm in subjects at rest (Cattaneo and Barchiesi 2011). Among other results, we observed that TMS applied to the OP produced a short-latency effect on M1, supporting the presence of direct cortico-cortical connections between the 2 regions. These findings indicate that some OP neurons are just one synapse away from the motor cortex (M1) and are in agreement with anatomical studies in nonhuman primates. Indeed, a substantial proportion of M1 neurons is stained following the injection of anterograde tracers in monkey OP (Mesulam and Mufson 1982; Mufson and Mesulam 1982; Pandya and Seltzer 1982; Cusick et al. 1989; Krubitzer and Kaas 1990; Stepniewska et al. 1993; Cipolloni and Pandya 1999; Qi et al. 2002; Disbrow et al. 2003). What could be the role of such connections? A plausible hypothesis is that OP is involved in the direct transformation of somatosensory information in motor commands. In favor of such hypothesis, a recent re-classification of cytoarchitectonic parcellation of the OP region in humans has indicated that its dorso-rostral portion (labeled OP4) is characterized by its connections to M1 and is probably separated from the classically defined the secondary somatosensory area (Eickhoff et al. 2010). In the present work, we investigated the possibility that OP plays a direct role in haptically guided grasping by means of dual-coil TMS. Test stimuli (testTMS) were applied to M1 and conditioning TMS (condTMS) to the ipsilateral OP at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs). At first, we studied in baseline conditions the optimal stimulation point in the OP cortex and the optimal ISIs for eliciting short-latency modulation of M1 (Experiment 1). In the main experiment (Experiment 2), OP-M1 connectivity was tested while participants were preparing the blindfolded grasp of an object, the variable size of which had been previously explored by the participant in the haptic or in the visual modality. Finally, in a complementary experiment (included in Experiment 2), we controlled for the validity of the effects of OP stimulation by implementing the same experimental paradigm with stimulation of the ventral premotor cortex (vPM), which is well known to play a role in visually rather than haptically guided grasping.
Materials and Methods
Five right-handed volunteers took part in Experiment 1 (3 females, age 25.6 ± 2.8 years). Twenty-four right-handed volunteers participated in Experiment 2 (14 females aged 32.2 ± 3.6 years) and were split in 2 groups. Twelve participants received condTMS over the left OP region (referred to as "OP group"), whereas the other 12 received condTMS over the left vPM region (referred to as "vPM group"). None of them had contraindications to TMS (Rossi et al. 2009) and all gave written informed consent in accordance with the Ethical Committee of the University of Trento (protocol n. 2009-033).
MRI and Neuronavigation
All MRI data were acquired with a 4T scanner (Bruker Medical, Ettlingen, Germany) using a birdcage transmit, 8-channel receiver head radiofrequency coil. Structural images were acquired using a 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo sequence (3D MPRAGE) optimized for gray–white matter contrast [1 × 1 × 1 mm3 resolution, echo time (TE) = 4.18 ms, repetition time (TR) = 2700 ms, inversion time (TI) = 1020 ms, flip angle = 7°, Generalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisition acceleration factor = 2]. Anatomical images in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format of each participant were then processed using the Brainvoyager software (Brain Innovation BV, The Netherlands) to produce a 3D surface reconstruction of the scalp and of the gray matter surface. The opercular subregion that we aimed to cover with the grid was the OP4 part, defined according to (Eickhoff et al. 2006a). We obtained the OP4 mask from the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5) anatomy toolbox (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology; http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm) implemented in Matlab 2007 (Mathworks, Inc.) in the Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI-1) format. Such mask was then converted in Brainvoyager-compatible format using the NIfTI converter plugin for Brainvoyager QX (available at http://support.brainvoyager.com). The participant's head and the condTMS coil were co-registered with the scalp 3D reconstruction by means of the Neuronavigation module of the Brainvoyager software, interfaced with the ultrasound tracker CMS20S (Zebris Medical, Isny, Germany). This allowed online updating of the position of the condTMS coil over the scalp.
Dual Coil TMS
The stimulation paradigm used was the same as in Cattaneo and Barchiesi (2011). Two different magnetic stimulators, each connected to a separate coil were used simultaneously. A Magstim 200 monophasic stimulator (The Magstim Company, Whitland, UK) was used to deliver the testTMS via a Magstim custom-made figure-of-eight coil with 50-mm-diameter windings. A Magpro stimulator (Magventure, Skovlunde, Denmark) in biphasic stimulus modality produced the condTMS via an MC-B35 coil with winding diameter of 36 mm. The participants' heads were held still with a chin-rest incorporating an additional lateral head-constrain.
The testTMS coil was permanently positioned on hand motor cortex of the left-hemisphere and held in place by means of a mechanical support. It was oriented with the handle pointing medially forming a 90° angle with the midline. The optimal coil orientation for trans-synaptic stimulation of corticospinal neurons in the hand representation in M1 is known to be of 45° (Mills et al. 1992). In our protocol however, in order to allow the concurrent presence of the 2 coils on the scalp surface, we adopted the configuration described above. Besides, other studies have shown that also a current orientation perpendicular to the midline elicits preferentially indirect waves in the cortico-spinal descending volley (Sakai et al. 1997). TestTMS was delivered at an intensity corresponding to 120% of individual resting motor threshold (Rossini et al. 1994) calculated for the right "interosseus dorsalis primus" (ID1) muscle.
Electromyographic Recordings
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the right ID1 muscle in Experiment 1 and from the ID1 and the "extensor indicis proprius" (EIP) muscles in Experiment 2. The ID1 muscle originates from the base of the first and second metacarpal bones and inserts on the proximal phalanx of the index finger. Its action is therefore that of abducting and flexing the index finger around the metacarpo-phalangeal joint. The EIP muscle arises from the distal third of the ulna and by intermediation of the dorsal aponeurosis, it acts upon the distal phalanx of the index. Its action is therefore that of extending the whole index finger. These 2 muscles therefore can act as antagonists in flexion-extension movements of the index finger, as in the experimental task adopted in Experiment 2. It should however be made clear that the 2 muscles are not obligatory antagonists because they can be partially synergistic in the abduction of the index finger (Brochier et al. 2004).
Recordings were realized by means of passive Ag/AgCl electrodes in a bipolar belly-tendon montage. The analog Electromyographic (EMG) signal was then amplified 1000× by means of a CED 1902 amplifier (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK) and digitized by means of a CED 1401 micro Mk-II unit (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK) at a sampling frequency of 4 KHz. In Experiment 1, the EMG recording was triggered by the testTMS pulse (time = 0.0) by means of the Signal software (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). In each trial, EMG was recorded from −250 to +250 ms and stored on a PC for offline analysis. In Experiment 2, a continuous recording of the EMG activity was carried out throughout the whole experiment by means of the Spike II software. Peak–peak amplitudes of MEPs were extracted by an automatic algorithm in the Signal software seeking for the maximum and minimum EMG values in a time window from 20 to 40 ms after testTMS.
Experiment 1: General Design
The first experiment aimed at establishing the optimal position and ISI to produce short-latency effects by condTMS to M1. To do so, we tested participants while sitting at rest and moved the condTMS coil over a grid of scalp points that covered the whole of the OP region. Moreover we tested different ISIs between condTMS and testTMS. The analysis of the data was first carried out on a single-subject basis by computing statistical scalp maps of the comparison between condTMS + testTMS trials with testTMS trials. Finally, a group analysis was carried out to generalize the findings from single subjects.
Experiment 1: Mapping Procedure
We built in each participant a 3 × 3 grid drawn over the left OP region (Fig. 1 shows individual grids in the 5 participants). The condTMS coil was moved sequentially over the grid-points under online neuronavigation guidance and its intensity was set at 90% of resting motor threshold computed for ID1. Three different ISIs were used (5, 7, and 9 ms) in a separate blocks. The mapping procedure consisted in a sequence of condTMS + testTMS trials following a fixed spatial order over the grid. The moment of TMS was manually determined in each trial by the operator whenever the condTMS coil had been moved over the following point of the grid.
All 9 points of the grid were therefore tested at every cycle of 9 consecutive condTMS + testTMS. This cycle was repeated 16 times in order to have 16 repeated measures of condTMS + testTMS for each grid point. Trials with only testTMS were interleaved in the mapping sequence every 3 condTMS + testTMS trials. The session of stimulation described was repeated for 3 blocks, each with a different ISI. To summarize, each of the 3 blocks was composed by 144 (9 points × 16 repetitions) condTMS + testTMS trials interleaved with 48 tTMS-only trials for a total of 192 trials.
Conditioned TMS paradigms conventionally use the grand average of test MEP amplitudes from the whole block as the denominator of the normalization ratio (e.g., see Kujirai et al. (1993) or Ziemann et al. (1998b)). In the present work, we performed lengthy experimental sessions in which the test MEP amplitude was likely to vary greatly in the course of the block for spontaneous fluctuations of vigilance or for technical aspects such as coil heating and switching. We therefore decided to adopt a quasi-instantaneous measure of test MEP amplitudes represented by the average of 2 adjacent testTMS trials moving along the timeline of the block in a sliding window, as described in (Cattaneo and Barchiesi 2011). Therefore each MEP from condTMS + testTMS trials was normalized to the mean of the 2 test MEPs preceding and following the conditioned trial.
Experiment 1: Computation of TMS Statistical Maps and Group Analysis
The data from each ISI was analyzed separately. As a result of MEP processing and normalization we obtained for each of the 3 ISIs a series of 16 normalized MEP amplitudes, each varying from 0 to +∞, for each of the 9 points composing the grid. Values >1 represented facilitatory effects of condTMS and values <1 represented inhibitory effects of condTMS. Such values were transformed logarithmically in order to obtain a distribution of the data varying between −∞ and +∞. After this process, values >0 represented facilitatory effects of condTMS and values <0 represented inhibitory effects of condTMS. At last, each of the 9 distributions of 16 data was analyzed in a 2-tailed t-test for single samples, against the null hypothesis that the distribution had a mean value of zero. Significance level for the t-test was corrected for the 9 comparisons within the grid and therefore was set to P = 0.05/9 = 0.0056. In order to quantify the distribution of the effects of condTMS at the group level, we performed an ANOVA on t-values with 2 factors: ISI (3 levels: 5, 7, and 9 ms) and POINT (9 levels corresponding to the 9 grid points).
Experiment 2: General Design and Experimental Setup
Participants were tested in dynamic conditions during a delayed reach and grasp task. They were divided in 2 groups according to whether they received condTMS over the OP or over the vPM. In both groups, condTMS intensity was set at 90% of resting motor threshold computed for right ID1. The condTMS coil was positioned following the neuronavigation system on one single spot for every participant. In the OP group, condTMS was applied to a single point in the OP region that was established on the basis of the maps obtained in Experiment 1, as a point along the postcentral sulcus, 2 cm above the Silvian fissure. In the vPM group, the target of condTMS was established on the basis of previous dual-coil TMS experiments for the study of vPM-M1 interactions (Baumer et al. 2009; Davare et al. 2009, 2010; Koch et al. 2010; Lago et al. 2010) as a point along the precentral sulcus, 1.5 cm below the intersection with the inferior frontal sulcus. In this experiment, also the ISI between condTMS and testTMS was fixed and corresponded to 5 ms for the OP group, which was defined as the optimal ISI in Experiment 1 and to 7 ms in the vPM group (Davare et al. 2009).
Subjects were sitting on a comfortable chair with their head placed in the chin rest. A custom-made (www.lmelettronica.it) apparatus holding 2 plastic plugs (Fig. 2) was placed in front of them. The distance between the plugs was varied randomly at every trial. The lower plug was fixed to a vertical panel, the upper plug moved inside a vertical fissure in the panel, by virtue of a linear actuator connected to a stepper motor in the rear part of the panel. The whole automation was implemented by using an ArduinoUNO microcontroller (www.arduino.cc) which generated at each trial a random number that was converted in interplug distance. A linear potentiometer connected to the plugs assured feedback to the microcontroller on the interplug distance. The setup consisted additionally in (A) a switch on the table on which the participant's right hand rested and which signaled the start of the Reach phase. (B) A small touch-sensitive sensor placed over the upper plug in order to signal the time of contact of the hand with the object. (C) A pair of computer-controlled liquid crystal shutter goggles (Plato Translucent Technologies, Inc.) worn by subjects in the whole experiment. Additionally, participants were wearing earphones in order to hear acoustic cue-sounds and white noise played in the background. The participant's left hand was kept in a rest condition for the whole experimental session.
Experiment 2: Trial Structure and Order
The participant's task is schematized in Figure 3 and consisted in a Rest phase, followed by exploration of the interplug distance, either visually or haptically, followed by a Delay phase in which participants waited for TMS. The TMS pulse served as the GO-signal and instructed the participants to release the home switch to reach and grasp the plugs with their index and thumb fingertips. TMS was therefore delivered when the participant had already acquired the information on the interplug distance to be grasped, and was waiting to use that information to perform the grasp.
Visual and haptic trials were identical in the Rest, Delay, and Grasp phases but differed in the Exploration phase. At the beginning of each trial, subjects were sitting with vision occluded by the shut goggles and with their right hand relaxed on the home switch while the distance between the 2 objects was being changed. In the subsequent exploration phase, the shutter lenses were opened for 2000 ms in order to allow vision of the objects in Visual Exploration. Goggles instead remained closed in haptic trials and an acoustic cue-sound prompted the subjects to start tactile exploration of the plugs with their right hand. After 2000 ms, another acoustic cue advised participant to finish the exploration and go back to the rest position. During this Delay phase, subjects were instructed to be ready to perform a thumb-index grasp of the plugs whenever they heard the GO signal. The GO signal occurred randomly between 2100 and 2600 ms after the end of the visual or haptic inspection. Once the plugs were grasped, subjects returned with their right hand relaxed on the home switch.
The interplug distance was fully randomized between trials, the order of trials was fixed in the sequence: 1) Visual Exploration trial with cond + testTMS, 2) Visual Exploration trial with testTMS alone, 3) Haptic Exploration trial with cond + testTMS, 4) Haptic Exploration trial with testTMS alone. This basic sequence was repeated 50 times for a total duration of the experimental session of 35 min. For each trial, the set interplug distance and the timing of the go signal (TMS) were recorded in a log file by the Arduino system. The number of trials was 200 per each experimental session corresponding to 50 trials per each of the 4 conditions: 1) single pulse-visual trial, 2) single pulse-haptic trial, 3) dual pulse-visual trial, and 4) dual-pulse-haptic trial.
Experiment 2: MEP Data Analysis
The strategy of data analysis in Experiment 2 was different from the conventional one used in Experiment 1. We did not compute the ratio between conditioned and test MEPs but focused on the modulation of raw MEP peak-to-peak amplitudes for each muscle. In each single subject, we calculated an index of correlation (Pearson's r coefficient) between the amplitude of MEPs obtained in single trials and the interplug distance of that same trial. The use of a statistical metric to describe the effect of an experimental factor and a physiological process is widely accepted and validated in functional neuroimaging studies (for more details, see Friston et al. 1991, 1995; Friston 1995). In our work, we decided to adopt this approach, and considered in our analysis the mutual combination of r-correlation coefficients between MEPs of the 2 antagonist muscles and the size of the grasped object. More precisely, we correlated MEP amplitudes with target size separately per each of the 4 conditions: 1) single pulse-visual trials, 2) single pulse-haptic trials, 3) dual pulse-visual trials, and 4) dual pulse-haptic trials. Each r value was computed on 50 pairs of data.
In our opinion, the use of a statistical parameter to describe the distribution of single trial measures (MEP amplitudes) according to an experimental variable (the target size) is more reliable than the conventional approach based on the extraction of mean values of MEP amplitudes in factorial designs. The main reason for this is that mean values of MEP amplitudes are strongly influenced by outlier data and that MEP amplitudes are not distributed normally, being comprised between 0 and +∞. The use of correlation coefficients linking the dependent variable and the dimension that is manipulated experimentally overcomes this potential source of noise and bias. Correlation coefficients were calculated in single participants and take account therefore of values form each single trial. They were computed separately for each of the 2 muscles, thus resulting in 8 r values for each subject, corresponding to a 2*2*2 design with the factors: MODALITY (2 levels: haptic or visual), PULSE (2 levels: testTMS only or condTMS + testTMS) and MUSCLE (2 levels: ID1 and EIP). The r values have to be interpreted in 2 ways. First, their absolute values indicate that MEPs from a given muscle are correlated with the size of the object that has been explored and that will be grasped. For each participant, positive and negative values of r indicate that the MEP size increases and decreases linearly with the size of the grasp target, respectively. Second, the 2 muscles are to be considered as mutual antagonists in the context of the present movement. Therefore, besides their absolute values, also the mutual relation of r values between the 2 muscles within each condition is informative because it indicates whether the MEP modulation reflects the actual reach-grasp EMG pattern, in which it is expected that r values for the EIP muscle are more positive than those from the ID1 muscle. The r values were used as dependent variable in an ANOVA with the 3 within-subjects factors MODALITY*PULSE*MUSCLE and a between-subjects factor, that is, the GROUP (2 levels: OP group and vPM group).
Experiment 2: Analysis of EMG During the Reach-Grasp Action
We also performed a direct analysis of the EMG activity of the actual reach-grasp movements performed in the last phase of the trial (Grasp phase), that is, when subjects had already explored the target size. The epoch of the reaching movement was identified on the continuous EMG recordings with respect to home-switch release and plug-contact. The reaching epoch from each trial was then divided in 10 decile time bins. Electrical muscular activity started slightly before the mechanical event of hand elevation and, obviously, continued after the contact with the target. Therefore, in each trial, we considered also 2 additional time bins immediately preceding and immediately following the reach, with duration identical to the deciles of that trial. This procedure resulted for each trial in a total of 12 consecutive time intervals of equal length. The average duration of deciles among trials and subjects was of 111 ms (SD: 12 ms). The rectified EMG activity was averaged in each 2 consecutive time bins, resulting in 6 values per trial corresponding to the time-course of EMG along the reaching movement. Pearson's r coefficient was computed between each of the 6 EMG values for the 2 muscles and the interplug distance of that trial. As with MEP analysis, the correlations were computed per each of the 4 conditions: 1) single pulse-visual trial, 2) single pulse-haptic trial, 3) dual pulse-visual trial, and 4) dual-pulse-haptic trial. Therefore, each r value was computed on 50 pairs of data. The EMG-target size correlations were then analyzed with an ANOVA with 4 within-subjects factors: TIME (6 levels corresponding to the 6 consecutive time bins), MODALITY (2 levels, visual or haptic), PULSE (2 levels, single or dual pulse), and MUSCLE (2 levels, ID1 and EPI) and 1 between-subjects factor, GROUP (2 levels, OP and vPM) as between-subjects factor.
None of the participants reported either immediate or delayed side effects of TMS.
Experiment 1
The results of the mapping experiment showed the existence of a short-latency modulation of condTMS delivered over OP on corticospinal excitability which is both temporally and spatially specific. The single-sample t-test performed on the points of individual grids produced significant results in all 5 subjects only at the ISI of 5 ms. The location of significant spots was distributed along the mid portion of the grid. All significant effects were inhibitory (Fig. 4 upper panel). The ANOVA with GRID POINT and ISI as within-subjects factors showed that a significant distribution of t-values was present only for the 5 ms ISI. The ANOVA also showed that at the group level, a significant effect of condTMS was observed only for the grid point p5 (Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.02) (Figure 4 lower panel). This corresponded to the ventral part of the postcentral sulcus, at the border between the OP4 and the OP1 region.
Experiment 2: Correlations Between MEPs and Target Size
The results of the ANOVA performed on r coefficients obtained from the MEP amplitudes produced a significant main effect of MUSCLE (F(1, 22) = 7.99, P = 0.01) driven by the lower values of r coefficients associated with the ID1 muscle compared with those associated to the EIP muscle. The most important finding however was a 4-way GROUP*MODALITY*PULSE*MUSCLE interaction (F(1, 22) = 19.78, P = 0.0002) which is illustrated in Figure 5. To explore the complex interaction we divided the analysis between the 2 groups in 2 symmetrical MODALITY*PULSE*MUSCLE ANOVAs, which both resulted in significant 3-way interactions (F(1, 11) = 15.34, P = 0.002 in the OP group and F(1, 11) = 8.18, P = 0.016 in the vPM group). We broke each interaction effect into 2 PULSE* MUSCLE sub-ANOVAs for each of the 2 sensory modalities. The results in the OP group showed a significant PULSE*MUSCLE interaction for the tactile modality (F(1, 11) = 23.03, P = 0.0006) but no interaction in the visual modality (F(1, 11) = 0.05, P = 0.83). Post hoc t-tests indicated that the interaction was to be attributed to the fact that no difference was present between the r coefficients from the 2 muscles in the single pulse modality (Bonferroni-corrected P = 1.0), while a consistent difference was present between the mean r coefficients of the 2 muscles in the dual-pulse modality, that is, when also OP had been stimulated with TMS (Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.00006). On the contrary, the same analysis performed in the vPM group did not show any PULSE*MUSCLE interaction in the haptic modality (F(1, 11) = 0.96, P = 0.35) but did show a significant PULSE*MUSCLE interaction in the visual modality (F(1, 11) = 6.71, P = 0.025). Post hoc comparisons indicated that the interaction was ultimately due to a difference between r coefficients from the 2 muscles in the dual-pulse trials (Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.022) but not in the single-pulse trials (Bonferroni-corrected P = 1.0).
Additionally, as a post hoc analysis aimed at assessing whether any correlation was present between the MEPs in each category and the target size, we performed single-sample t-tests against the null hypothesis of mean x = 0.0. The results did not show any significant result (minimum P = 0.08).
Experiment 2: Effects of TMS on the Subsequent Reach-Grasp Movement
Figure 6 illustrates qualitatively in one representative subject the relation between the EMG recorded from the 2 muscles and the size of the object to be grasped. The results of the ANOVA showed a TIME*MUSCLE interaction (F(5, 110) = 62.57, P < 0.000001) which indicates the divergent time course of the r coefficients from the 2 muscles during the Reach-Grasp phase. As shown in Figure 7, the EIP muscle showed an activity that was correlated from very early in the reach with the geometry of the target object as indicated by the deviance from the 0 value (dashed line in Fig. 7). The ID1 muscle on the contrary is specifically activated in relation to the object only very late in the reach and maximally during the grasp.
The most complex result of the ANOVA was a GROUP*MODALITY*TIME*MUSCLE interaction (F(5, 110) = 3.43, P = 0.006) that is illustrated in Figure 8. This interaction was further analyzed by means of 6 separate GROUP*MODALITY*MUSCLE ANOVAs, which yielded a significant 3-way interaction only in the second time bin (F(1, 22) = 7.10, P = 0.014). A further decomposition of the analysis indicated that only in the OP group a significant MODALITY*MUSCLE (F(1, 11) = 14.67, P = 0.003) interaction was present. Post hoc comparisons indicated that the interaction was due to the fact that in the visual modality the mean r coefficients were significantly different between the 2 muscles (Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.027) but not so in the haptic modality (Bonferroni-corrected P = 1.0). Within the OP group, the results are not specific for the condition of dual pulse but are generally observed in the group of subjects who have been stimulated on the OP compared with those stimulated over the vPM.
The results of Experiment 1, carried out on participants in the resting state, show that condTMS delivered on the OP produces a short-latency inhibitory effect on the representation of hand movements in M1. In dual coil paradigms the presence of short latency condTMS-testTMS interactions is attributed to either the presence of direct cortico-cortical connections between the 2 stimulated spots or to the convergence of corticospinal efferent projections from the 2 areas. In the case of the OP, both hypotheses are possible, because the OP region is known to be directly connected to M1 (Tokuno and Tanji 1993; Gharbawie et al. 2011a, 2011b) and to project fibres to the spinal cord (Galea and Darian-Smith 1994). In the present work, we did not control for changes at segmental level of motoneuron excitability produced by TMS of OP alone. We privilege the hypothesis that the short-latency modulation seen here is mainly due to cortico-cortical connections, considering the very small contribution of the OP to the corticospinal tract, that is, <3.5% of contralateral corticospinal projections in the macaque (Galea and Darian-Smith 1994).
In Experiment 1, the effects of condTMS show striking temporal and spatial specificity. The modulation effects of OP condTMS are specific to the ISI of 5 ms (Figure 4), consistent with a direct link between OP and M1. This datum is analogous to the well-established short-latency effects of premotor cortex stimulation on M1 neurons known in nonhuman primates (Tokuno and Nambu 2000; Kraskov et al. 2011) and humans (Davare et al. 2009) and it is likely that similar type of connections link OP to M1. We show that the conditioning effect is also restricted to a single small region along the postcentral sulcus. This spot corresponds to the caudal border of the OP4 region where direct projections to the primary motor cortex in human subjects are thought to arise (Eickhoff et al. 2006a, 2010). These results are also in agreement with anatomical evidence in macaque monkeys showing that the OP sends dense projections towards the hand representation of the premotor cortex and M1 (Tokuno and Tanji 1993; Gharbawie et al. 2011a). However, in TMS studies, the spatial relations between the stimulating coil and the underlying cortex is to be interpreted cautiously. The impact of TMS is likely to be maximum at sites different form that of the orthogonal projection of the centre of the coil onto the cortex and moreover it is not possible to assume that the effects of TMS are due to stimulation of a single cortical site but rather to the simultaneous activation of different though neighbouring patches of cortex (Thielscher and Wichmann 2009; Thielscher et al. 2010). In the present data, though we found that the most efficient coil position right over the postcentral sulcus, the actual cortical origin of the short-latency effect of condTMS could be on a vaster region of the OP.
Experiment 2 investigated the role in processing haptic information for grasping of the OP-M1 interactions that had been demonstrated in Experiment 1. Previous data indirectly indicate that the motor functions of OP could be at least in part related to haptic knowledge of graspable objects' geometry. In humans, neuroimaging studies show that SII is active in tasks requiring the memorization of textures or 3D shapes acquired haptically (Bonda et al. 1996; Kaas et al. 2013). In monkeys, single neurons in SII present a sustained activity when haptic information is memorized for the later performance of a discrimination task (Romo et al. 2002). Finally, one imaging study showed that SII is particularly active when monkeys must rely on haptic memory to perform a reach-to-grasp movement in the dark (Nelissen and Vanduffel 2011). Our experiment extends these observations by showing that OP stores haptic information on object shape that is then to be transferred to M1 once a reach-to-grasp plan is implemented. This is indicated by the critical finding that in trials with testTMS only, no information on a motor plan to grasp that particular object size could be extracted from the MEPs, ultimately suggesting that such information was not yet present in M1 at the time of TMS pulse.
This conclusion arises mainly from the mutual comparison of the r coefficients between the 2 muscles, rather than from a significant deviation of r coefficients in any of the conditions from the 0 value. In the first part of Experiment 2 we applied condTMS to the OP region. Prior to the actual movement, the pattern of conditioned corticospinal output from M1 to the EIP muscle was differently correlated with the interplug distance compared with the ID1 muscle pattern. More specifically, the EIP r coefficients were higher than those from the ID1 muscle. This result is in keeping with the fact that we recorded 2 muscles that are partially antagonists when actually producing the hand shape required in the task. The EIP is more active when reaching for the manipulandum with a large interplug distance than with a small interplug distance. Vice versa, the ID1 muscle needs to be more relaxed when reaching for large interplug distances than when reaching for small interplug distances (Figure 6). The reciprocal activity in the 2 muscles is therefore a signature of the variations of interplug distance as confirmed by analysing the ongoing EMG activity during the actual reach-grasp (Figure 7). Therefore, the significant PULSE*MUSCLE interaction following condTMS to the OP region can be explained exclusively by hypothesizing that muscle-specific information to be used for reaching-grasping is present in OP and is readily transferable to M1. These interactions are functionally relevant only when information relative to object geometry is acquired haptically but not visually (Figure 5).
In the second part of the experiment, we applied condTMS to vPM to a second group of participants. Taken together with the results of the OP group of participants, the data show a clear double dissociation between sensory modality and stimulated cortical area. Indeed, in the vPM group, we found that the conditioned corticospinal output was predictive of the motor plan required to grasp an object of a given geometry only when that information was acquired visually and not haptically. The results in the vPM group are consistent with the effects characterizing PMv–MI interaction in the visual modality previously reported (Davare et al. 2009). Altogether, these results show that SII and PMv are 2 essential components of the cortical grasping network in which they support highly complementary functions. It is likely that direct connections between these 2 areas are required to coordinate their activity and their interaction with M1 during grasp. As stated above while discussing the results of Experiment 1, the effects of the conditioning TMS on corticospinal excitability are likely to reflect cortico-cortical interactions. Differently from what observed in Experiment 1, the net effects of condTMS are not merely inhibitory, but rather modulate the net output of M1 in the corticospinal system in a task-dependent pattern. As shown in previous twin-coil bifocal TMS studies and reviewed by (Koch and Rothwell 2009), the effects of conditioning TMS cannot be possibly classified as simply inhibitory or excitatory, but rather instantaneously indicate the transfer of information within a cortical network.
The task used in the present experiment actually tests the capacity of the brain to hold in a working memory system the motor plan required to grasp an object of a given geometry. Some observations on this should be made. The issue of the neural site of tactile working memory for objects is not well defined because most studies focused on the retention of memory of textures rather than macro-geometrical object features. There is general agreement on the fact that haptic memory is supported by an expert and dedicated system which resides probably in a ventral network passing from the somatosensory cortex, the OP and insula, and, finally, the frontal cortex as reviewed in (Burton and Sinclair 2000; Pasternak and Greenlee 2005). Although our task was based on memory retention of object geometry, our data also suggest that OP plays a key function during grasping by transferring information to be used for movement to M1 (Milner et al. 2007). From a further perspective, perception-action coupling theories generally are aimed at identifying several hierarchical levels of sensorimotor interactions, as reviewed by Lebedev and Wise (2002), but do not take into account the possible differences between sensory modalities. In fact, most models on perception-action coupling indicate the premotor cortex as a pivotal node from which all information needs to pass to be transformed into movement. Our data suggest that the premotor cortex does not cover this role for all sensory modalities. Haptically guided behavior relies on a distinct network in which the role of the OP is that of a "premotor" cortex where the term premotor does not refer to anatomy, but rather to its functional position in the circuit.
In addition, we provide unprecedented indications that the OP region is "causally" involved in the use of haptic information for the reaching-grasping movements. We analyzed the actual pattern of ongoing EMG activity while subjects were reaching for the manipulandum and its correlation with object size (Figure 8). We found in the very early phases of hand preshaping in the haptic task a significant difference in EMG activity between the OP and the vPM groups. More specifically, the physiological differentiation of EMG activity between the 2 recorded muscles (namely, higher r values for EIP than those for ID1 muscle) occurred later in the OP group compared with the vPM group. We did not find a significant effect of the PULSE factor.
Our interpretation of this datum is that repeatedly targeting OP with spTMS produced a cumulative effect that was observed throughout the experimental session. The statistical results indicate that this sort of after-effect was present in both trials with only testTMS over M1 and in the ones with also condTMS over OP. Given the invariance of all other experimental conditions, including the sensory modality, the difference between the 2 groups can only be attributed to the site of application of condTMS. But how is it possible that it is evident also for testTMS-only trials? The observed changes in performance could be due to cumulative effects of TMS applied to OP along the whole experimental session. In other words, this would be a repetitive TMS-like effect, resulting ultimately in a change in motor performance during the actual reaching for the object. In a post hoc analysis we observed that the frequency of stimulation of OP was of 0.05 Hz. This is beyond 0.1 Hz that is considered the limit for carry-over effects of simple rTMS (Chen et al. 1997). However, in the absence of any other better explanation, we hypothesize that the particular patterned repetitive stimulation resulting from the ordered sequence of trials applied here might escape the conventions established for simple frequency rTMS as has been shown, for example, for 0.1 Hz TMS coupled with peripheral deafferentation (Ziemann et al. 1998a). In the absence of a baseline condition (i.e., a condition without TMS), the interpretation of this finding is not univocal because the possibility exists that the difference between the 2 groups is due to the vPM stimulation. Given that vPM condTMS did not produce any modulation of MEPs in the haptic modality while OP condTMS did, this seems a less likely possibility.
In summary, the present study indicates that OP and vPM play a fundamental role in the transformation of short-term memory of object geometry into a coherent pattern of muscle activation for grasping. Each of the 2 areas is specialized for one sensory modality, the OP contains information acquired haptically and the vPM contains visual information. Despite this segregation, the role of the 2 cortical stations appears very similar in storing macroscopic sensory information to be used in an open-loop manner for object-directed motor behavior.
The present work has been made also thanks to financial support from the Provincia Autonoma di Trento and Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto.
Conflict of Interest: None declared.


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The Epiphany of Christ
We've entered a new season in the Christian year: Epiphany! Epiphany celebrates the ways Jesus was made known to people, as if they received an "epiphany!" We know that word. We use it to describe those glimmering moments when something dawns on us, something becomes clear or makes sense. It seems that the ancient disciples were often confused about Jesus, misunderstanding his mission, teachings, and the relationship they were to experience with God the Father. However, there were moments of clarity along the way when the veil became thin and Jesus became luminous, transparent, clear in their minds and hearts and they named him as their Lord and followed him. In Epiphany, we look for glimmerings of God in the face of Jesus Christ; we discover ways to embrace and dwell with the Light we waited for in Advent and received at Christmas. Epiphany is a season when Christ's followers intentionally ask for ever deepening clarity to see Jesus and intend whole-hearted followership.
The Season of Epiphany reminds me of the art medium of watercolors: the opaque becomes transparent with the addition of water. Watercolors are valued for their fluidity, transparency and luminosity. We begin Epiphany this year with the narrative of Jesus' baptism in the river Jordan. Water mingles with the Spirit's decent and the voice of the Father makes clear the luminous beauty and identity of Jesus, the Beloved Son of God. We'll end the season with a similar epiphany as the heavenly clouds part and we again hear the Father's voice boom with pronouncement and invitation: This is my Son, whom I love…Listen to him!
We've shaped the seasonal liturgy around the Psalms and a breath prayer: Turn our hearts to your Word…and we'll wonder together what might become clear, even luminous, in our own lives as we ask, seek and desire to see Jesus. We'll embrace the ancient prayer found in Paul's letter to the Ephesians for ourselves as we ask:
…that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, may give us the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, so that we may know him better. We pray that the eyes of our hearts may be enlightened in order that we may know the hope to which he has called us, the riches of his glorious inheritance in his holy people, and his incomparably great power for us who believe.


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United States national team defender Fabian Johnson scored his second Bundesliga goal of the season, sealing his Hoffenheim side's 3-0 away victory over Stuttgart at the Mercedes-Benz-Arena.
Takashi Usami opened the scoring for Hoffenheim in just the fifth minute, and Joselu doubled the lead soon after halftime. Johnson put himself on the score sheet in the 58th minute.
The tally marks the second time in two games Johnson has found the net, after his equalizing strike against Hannover 96 on Sunday, a match in which fellow German-American Danny Williams also scored.
Johnson, who began his career at 1860 Munich and had a spell at Wolfsburg before signing with Hoffenheim in 2011, received his first U.S. national team cap in November 2011, coming on as a substitute in a 1-0 friendly loss to France. He has made nine total appearances for the U.S.
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Transforming Jakarta: Three Integrated Ideas for Jakarta Baru* Presented by Wisnubroto Sarosa Member of Indonesian Association of Planners Member of Indonesian Association of Planners Head of Sub-directorat of Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatial Plan Implementation Region I Head of Sub-directorat of Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatial Plan Implementation Region I Directorat General of Spatial Planning and Development The Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia 46 th EAROPH REGIONAL CONFERENCE Iskandar Malaysia 20 th November 2013 1 *Jakarta Baru (New Jakarta) is tagline of the current Jakarta's Governor – Vice Governor, Joko Widodo – Basuki Tjahja Purnama
Outline The Jakarta's challenges The impacts What have been done? The ideas for better solution 2
The Challenges 3
Jakarta which is always the centre of developmentt in Indonesia along the country's history is becoming one of the top ten largest cities in the world. 4 The Importance of Jakarta
Urban Sprawl Development & Administrative Division Uncontrolled and sprawl development as well as administrative division change have been happening in the Greater Jakarta (JABODETABEK) for last three decades
Significant Increase of Population For 40 years, population has been increasing signifcantly in the region of JABODETABEK Total: 28 million
The Impacts 7
Increasing Commuters Phenomena Source: Commuter Survey JUTPI, 2010 DKI Jakarta City of Tangerang City of Tangsel Regency of Tangerang City of Bekasi Regency of Bekasi City of Depok City of Bogor Regency of Bogor (2002) 234 (2010) 338 (in 1,000 unit car/day) (2002) 247 (2010) 344 (2002) 262 (2010) 423 BODETABEK DKI Jakarta (2002) 743 (2010) 1,105 Prediction 2013: almost 2 million cars enter Jakarta a day BODETABEK DKI Jakarta (2002) 743 (2010) 1,105 Prediction 2013: almost 2 million cars enter Jakarta a day Increase 40%Increase 61% Increase 44% Increase 49%
Impact: Traffic Congestions 9 Severe traffic congestions everywhere and everytime cause everyone to be used spending hours on the road every single day. A prediction: Jakarta's traffic will be stuck in 2014
Significant Increase of Private Transportation 10 The absence of adequate public transportation increase excessively the number of cars dan motorcycles Source: Commuter Survey JUTPI, 2010
More Frequent Floods 11 The area, the frequency and the duration of floods are increasing from year to year.
Spreading Slum Areas 12 Slum areas are spreading along the rivers and the coastal areas.
Impact: Reducing the Area of Green Open Spaces 13 1985 37,2% 2000 25,85 % 2010 13,94 % The fast urban development in the past has radically reduced traditional green open spaces in the city. The Spatial Planning Law No. 26/2007) suggest that the city should provide minimum 30% GOS of the area.
What Have Been Done? 14
The Existing Public Transportation For years, to serve commuters who work in Jakarta, there have been small number of railway networks which is inheritance from the colonial era. 15 Nowadays, there are 10 lanes, out of 15 lanes in the plan, of busway which serve around Jakarta, besides dozen traditional buses or minibuses managed by private company or individual.
The Plan of Transportation Network The Government and the Provincial Goverment of Jakarta plan to build: Six more toll-road enter to the city (creating big debat) Two lanes of monorail (the construction already started after six years pending) A lane of MRT from the southern part to the city center. 16
The Existing and Planned Floodways For managing the flood, the Central Government and the Provincial Government of Jakarta (DKI) have been developing and managing several canal floodways as well as waduks/ponds/reservoirs throughout the area. 17 Blue: managed and developed by the Government Orange: managed and developed by the DKI
The Ideas for Better Solution 18
Lessons from Other Megapolitans 19 Megapolitans around the world are deserved by dozens of railway system Paris Tokyo New York London Moscow Berlin
20 Our Neighbourhood Already Started New Delhi Singapore Manila Kuala Lumpur Bangkok
Idea One: Revitalisation of River Banks 21 Creating more green open space on the river banks by moving the people on the slum areas into the social housings build set back from the river banks. Due to the limited space, it is needed to build temporarily housing over the river, during the construction of social housings.
Idea One: the Resources 22 Target 2010-2014 of the Ministry of Social Housing (Menpera) to build 650 twin-block (68,180 units) of Rusunawa (rental apartement) and 200 tower (160,000 units) have only reached 20% today. The Ministry of Public Works allocates Rp 5 Trilion (USD 500 million) 2010-2014 for normalisation project of Ciliwung River. It does not include Rp 3.4 Trillion (USD 340 million) of the Ministry and the DKI Jakarta 2012 budget for normalisation project of 13 rivers in Jakarta for anticipating floods. In fact, there are a lot of budget for building the social housing and developing the rivers. The general problems are usually coming from the aquisition of lands.
Idea Two: Building Elevated Train 23 There are 13 rivers and canals, small and larger, neat and dirty, flow through Jakarta. Those are one of network of public space that can be used without acquiring the land. The other networks are the median of toll roads and the high-voltage transmission which pass trough the middle of the city. The grid need to be modified in order to be able to build the railway
Idea Two: Examples of Elevated Train Abroad 24
25 Among the 13 rivers/canals, it just takes 3 or 4 to build the elevated train/monorail network. Those networks are to service especially the comutters from the southern part of Jakarta (Depok, Bogor) While the train/monorail over the toll road are provided especially for the commuters from eastern and western parts of Jakarta (Tangerang and Bekasi) Monorail/train over the river Monorail/train over the toll road Idea Two: Elevated Train Networks in Jakarta
26 Idea Three: Building 'the Man behind the Gun' Kampoengveerbetaring 1934 1969 - 1984 1985 - 19891990 - 1999 MHT I: KIP/JUDP MHT II: 'DAS' MHT III: 'Tribina' 1980: Aga Khan Award 1999 WB's Cities Alliances: "Global Best Practices" P2KP: Penang- gulangan Kemis- kinan PNPM Perkotaan 1999 - 2005 2006 - Today Due to more market oriented of the urban development since two-three decades ago, issuing permit by Local Government for private investors to build malls, apartements and city superblocks has been more dominant rather than improving the urban kampongs. Change the Mindset
27 Idea Three: Building 'the Man behind the Gun' Such development has been creating the processes of 'gentrification' as well as 'marginalisation' of the urban poor to suburb.
28 Idea Three: Building Concensus and Cooperation among the Stakeholders Directorat General of Spatial Planning (DJPR-PU) Directorat General of Human Settlements (DJCK –PU) Directorat General of Water Resources (SDA-PU) Provincial Government of Jakarta (DKI) Ministry of Social Housing (Kemenpera) Land Certification Agency (BPN) Directorat General of Human Settlements (DJCK –PU) Start from intitutions in the Government
29 Idea Three: Creating a Multistakeholder Cooperation Government Institutions Zakat-based Trust Fund Civil Society Organisations Quasi-public Organisation Managing the Projects Facilitating the community to include the projects Managing funding from the people of Jakarta Zakat-based Trust Fund Private Sectors Contributing and investing in certain parts of the projects Contributing in the project depending on their own role
30 Conclusion For transforming Jakarta into a more livable city it is required to have an integrated strategy which is using all potential resources (spacial, social and financial). The strategy should be implemented in a fast way and a short period in order to not creating other excessive impacts related to social and economic matters. The proposed integrated ideas could hopefully overcome three big issues in Jakarta today: traffic congestions, slum areas and green open spaces.
31 Thank You See you in Jakarta at EAROPH World Congress 2014
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The Rochester Hiking Meetup Group Message Board › SUPPLIES
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Please make a note of what you plan on bringing to the Lean To for the party.
Please bring plenty of water for yourself and for the hot cocoa.
Extra clothes may be a good idea if it is very wet also.
We will do whatever we can to keep warm and have a bit of a snack there.
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My copy of Bridget Jones Mad about the Boy arrived yesterday and I can't wait to dive into it. So if you don't here from me today… you know what I'm doing. 😉
Here are a few deals I spotted this morning and don't miss out on the AWESOME Zulily sale. There are so many great prices on stuff today!
♥ Mavis
Available Kindle Books I think are cool…
How to Be Motivated FREE {Yes Please!}
How To Plant Your First Garlic Garden FREE
Food in Jars: From Jellies to Jams and Lunches to Desserts FREE
Quick and Light: Healthy Recipes You'll Fall in Love With FREE {Awesome Reviews}
Extreme Landmarks Around the World FREE {Cool Trivia Book}
Memory: Simple, Easy, and Fun Ways to Improve Memory FREE
The prices on Kindle Books can change quickly, so grab them while you can.
Looking for some cute stocking stuffers? Check these out:
TURTLE Crystal Pendant Necklace in Turtle shaped Gift Box $5.84
Ladybug Crystal Pendant Necklace In Gift Box $5.75
Pink Paw Print Crystal Necklace in Purple Puppy Dog Gift Box $7.80
Bumble BEE Girls Kids Necklace Pendant in Shaped Gift Jewelry BOX $5.99
Zulily is hopping today!!! Deals on Hanna Andersson clothing, Puma shoes and workout gear, Plus Size Jeans and Sweaters, Little Tykes Play Kitchens and Cool glass canisters for holiday entertaining. Awesome stuff today.
Already a Zulily Member? Go HERE to Get This Deal
Check out these cute Hello Kitty Purses!
White Hello Kitty Shopping Bag Handbag Tote Purse $19.08
Black Hello Kitty Head Shaped Tote Shoulder Bag $15.25
Hello Kitty Scottish Style Plaids Handbag $14.25
Hello Kitty Shoulder Tote Purse $19.49
Amazon has the Quilted Northern Ultra Plush Double Rolls 48-pack on sale for $21.74 shipped when you clip the $1.00 off coupon {must be logged into your account to see the coupon} and use the subscribe and save option at checkout. * As low as $20.35 if you have purchased 5 or more subscribe and save items in the last 30 days.
Print a coupon good for $1.00 off one Degree Women Dry Protection
LOL has some pretty funny t-shirts available starting around $6.99. I might have to get the What does the fox say shirt for Monkey Boy. Have you seen the video? Oh my word.
Amazon currently has a Bingo Set with 18 Cards, a Metal Cage to Spin, Bingo Chips and Ball Rack in stock for $14.14. Perfect for family fun night and parties. We've had one for over 10 years now and LOVE ours.
6pm has The North Face clothing, shoes, and gear on sale with savings up to 50%. Plus you receive FREE SHIPPING too!
Pick up an extra sugar pie pumpkin at the grocery store and make this Pumpkin Cheesecake Ice Cream. It's my husbands new favorite ice cream.
Discount Mags is offering a 1 year subscription to Family Circle Magazine for only $4.50 a year when you use code MAVIS at checkout. This deal will expire tonight 10/17/13 at midnight EST so be sure and grab your subscription before then.
Favado is a mobile savings app that helps shoppers save time and money {up to 70%!} by using real-time couponing data to provide access to tons of hidden deals that match coupons plus in-store promotions Talk about making your money stretch.
Print a coupon good for $1.00 off any LAURA'S LEAN BEEF product
Find More Printable Coupons
This post may contain affiliate links. These affiliate links help support this site. For more information, please see my disclosure policy. Thank you for supporting One Hundred Dollars a Month.


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Charlize Theron's New Romance
The South African actress has reportedly found love with model and actor Eric Thal
One major side effect of life as a celebrity single lady is the constant speculation about their next romantic conquest. And now it's Charlize Theron's turn to stand under that spotlight.
The Oscar-winning beauty, whose nine-year relationship with Stuart Townsend ended in January, has been romantically linked to model and actor Eric Thal. According to Life & Style, the pair bonded over their love of agriculture, among other things.
"The two have a lot in common," a pal of Thal's tells the publication. "He's a farmer who grows all his own vegetables, and Charlize grew up on a farm in South Africa. The two like to escape Hollywood and go to his farm in upstate New York."
Representatives for Theron and Thal have yet to comment.
Add comment
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Kristin Prim and The Provocateur's letters
A chat with Kristin Prim, the founder of The Provocateur, the site that publishes letters written expressely by leading women addressing the whole female world. Vogue.it presents you an exclusive preview of the letter written by Dresden Dolls' Amanda Palmer
Fashion shows are changing: Burberry and all that's new on the runways
Menswear and womenswear collections will walk together and will be on sale right after the show. These are the news from Burberry but the evolution is generalized: runway shows are changing


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The number one source of PC gaming reviews, previews and news online
September 19th, 2015
Episode 2144 of 3376 episodes
The hunter has become, er, a giant wizard.
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"Unwind at the National Monument" National Monument - Tugu Negara Tip by rochellevm
National Monument - Tugu Negara, Kuala Lumpur: 32 reviews and 61 photos
The National Monument should be a nice place to go to. It is a good place to take some pictures, and to unwind. There's a park nearby where you can relax while enjoying the landscape especially on hot days.
Address: Jalan Parlimen,
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"book through a travel agent for your hotel or for your whole tour... it's less fun but cheaper, w/ wider tour coverage"
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CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – Defrocked priest Paul Shanley, the most notorious figure in the sex scandal that rocked the Boston Archdiocese, was convicted Monday of repeatedly raping and fondling a boy at his Roman Catholic church during the 1980s.
The conviction on all four charges gives prosecutors an important victory in their effort to bring pedophile priests to justice for decades of abuse at parishes around the country.
Shanley, 74, could get life in prison for two counts each of child rape and indecent assault and battery on a child when he is sentenced Feb. 15. His bail was revoked and he was immediately led off to jail.
The victim, now 27, put his head down and sobbed as the verdicts were announced after a trial that turned on the reliability of what the man claimed were recovered memories of the long-ago abuse. Shanley showed no emotion as he stood next to his lawyer.
The jury deliberated 13 hours over three days.
During the trial, the accuser broke down on the stand as he testified in graphic detail that Shanley pulled him out of Sunday morning catechism classes and molested him in the bathroom, the rectory, the confessional and the pews starting when he was 6 and continuing for six years.
"He told me nobody would ever believe me if I told anybody," he testified.
The accuser said that he repressed his memories of the abuse but that they came flooding back three years ago, triggered by news coverage of the scandal that began in Boston and soon engulfed the church worldwide.
Shanley, once a long-haired, jeans-wearing "street priest" who worked with Boston's troubled youths, sat stoically for most of the trial, listening to his accuser's testimony with the help of a hearing aid.
The defense called just one witness – a psychologist who said that so-called recovered memories can be false, even if the accuser ardently believes they are true. A lawyer for Shanley argued that the accuser was either mistaken or concocted the story with the help of personal injury lawyers to cash in on a multimillion-dollar settlement resulting from the sex scandal.
The accuser, now a firefighter in suburban Boston, was one of at least two dozen men who claimed they had been molested by Shanley. The archdiocese's own personnel records showed that church officials knew Shanley publicly advocated sex between men and boys, yet continued to transfer him from parish to parish.
Rodney Ford, whose son Greg was one of three accusers dropped from the case, called the verdict "a relief for my son, and all the other victims."
"The validation that all the victims of Paul Shanley must feel today must be unbelievable," Ford said.
Shanley's niece disagreed.
"There are no winners today. There are only losers," Teresa Shanley said. "We're no closer to finding out the truth about this scandal or finding out what happened."
Frank Mondano, Shanley's lawyer, said he will appeal. "It appears that the absence of a case is not an impediment to securing a conviction," he said.
Click here to comment on this story »


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+386 1 563 69 59
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Sunset & Moonlight Paddles
Sunset Daily Thu, Mar 7 - Mon, Sep 30, 2013
Venue: Island Spirit Kayak
State Beach, Little Bridge, Oak Bluffs, MA 02557Contact:
Chick Stapleton
0 people saved this
Toast the day's sunset with an hors d'oeurves beach picnic. Paddle back under the stars, with glowsticks illuminating your kayak. Phosphorescence paddles in July & August. Departs Evening: Times Variable Length: 2.5 hours Cost: $75 Adult $55 Children 5-12
MA Spotlight on Tom Meyers
Tom Meyers, Outlook from the Summit With winter sports very much on the radar, MOTT...
Search All Listings Here.


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WhatsApp was Hacked ?
WhatsApp, world's leading cross-platform instant messaging client for smartphones got hacked by 21 years old security researcher – Balachandar Karthikeyan.
This messaging service have a lot of features, but it always come with big responsibility. Since they got acquired by Facebook, they provide bug bounty and WhatsApp platform is under the scope of Facebook's security.
One CommentLeave a Reply
At last! Someone with real exrestipe gives us the answer. Thanks!


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This is a throwback to the beginnings of SJC! Featuring aged white pearl, custom glitter stripes, off-set tube lugs and old-school SJC badges, you'd be sitting behind a "new" time capsule! All maple shells and sizes that are completely versatile for any genre.
- 7.5x10, 12x14, 18x18
- 6-ply Maple Toms, 6-ply Maple Bass Drum
- Aged white pearl wrap with custom multi-stripe glitters
- 50% off-set tube lugs
- Rectangle Brass SJC badges w/ Oval Logo
- Brass Hardware


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Vehicle Dealership Management Software
This project received 23 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $815 NZD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$250 - $750 NZD
Total Bids23
Project Description
Looking to establish a cloud based vehicle management system/website that is scalable as the company grows. It must allow clients to easily manage stock movements, simple data entry, accurate expense tracking and help simplify some general tasks relating to vehicle sales. It also needs to be able to integrate with third party sites for retail listings, and also integrate with a partners foreign currency trading API. Want to also include the following features: including tracking vehicle and finance quotes, customer enquiries and test drives. Allow for sale price promotions. Automated follow up letters to previous clients. Xero intergration. Allow image overlay for logo's. Task reminders. Marketing tools. Built in finance and insurance tools. Easily compile documents eg. Window Cards, Sale Agreements, vehicle information sheets. Online finance pre-approval capability. Easy search features. Set up vehicle templates. Possibility of integrating with overseas supplier. Allow for all types of vehicles including cars, motorbikes, vans, trucks, machinery. 20 photo's per listing. On behalf/consignment purchases.
Skills Required
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
Hire Freelancers who also bid on this project
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Invaluable cannot guarantee the accuracy of translations through Google Translate and disclaims any responsibility for inaccurate translations.
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Lot 129: Father Christmas Marionette Hand Made by SUKI, 199
Fine Art & Collectables
by Duchy Auction Company Limited
November 26, 2016
Falmouth, United KingdomLive Auction
Looking for the realized and estimated price?
Description: Father Christmas Marionette Hand Made by SUKI, 1996, 100cm length approx.
Browse more items


text: Situated in the village of Ziar, 657 feet from the Dolinky Ski Resort, Penzion Frank offers accommodation units with flat-screen TV and refrigerator and an on-site restaurant. WiFi is provided for free. The rooms and suites are colourfully decorated, equipped with DVD-Player and some also features a balcony. The bathrooms are fitted with a shower cabin. An elegant fireplace is fitted in the restaurant, which includes a bar and serves regional dishes. Barbecue facilities, as well as a playground for children are available in the garden. Massages and a sauna are also at the guests' disposal in the Penzion Frank for surcharge. The Aquapark Tatralandia and the Reservoir of Liptovska Mara can be reached within 15 minutes by car. Free private parking is possible on site.


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Infocus IN5554L WXGA DLP Projector; 7000 Lumens, 20 kg
Item # 901-1579846TDC
Model # IN5554L
Not yet rated. Be the first toWrite a Review
InFocus WXGA DLP Projector with WXGA 1280x800 resolutions has brightness of 7000 Lumens for clear visibility. Projector has contrast ratio of 2400:1 to offer bright images.
- Multimedia projector is suitable for home cinema or office presentations
- Provides a brightness of 7000 lumens to offer brilliant display of the projected images on the screen
- Measures 530 mm x 510 mm x 210 mm
- Weighs 20 kg
- Features WXGA 1280 x 800 resolution for better clarity, shift lens 10 percent horizontally/-60/20 percent vertically and 1-Chip 0.65" type DLP
- Offers keystone correction of +/- 30 deg vertically and horizontally for perfect viewing of the image displayed on screen
- Has diagonal display size of 50" - 300"
- Comes with SP-LAMP-082 type lamp and has a life of 2000/2000 hours for better performance
- Contrast ratio of 2400:1/aspect ratio of 16:10 for clear image display, high noise level of 43 dB and eco mode of 43 db
- Features two 6-segment color wheels
|Product Information
|Projector Type :
|Projector Contrast Ratio :
|Aspect Ratio :
|16:9 (Native), 4:3 (Compatible)
|Brand :
|Weight :
|56.00 lbs. per Each
No Review


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Vancouver RECOMMENDATIONS See all
Day Trips from Vancouver
By Viator, June 2015
Visiting Whistler is one of the most popular ideas for destinations to visit outside of Vancouver and is only a 78mile (125km) drive north, from the city. Known for its snowcapped mountains that are popular in the winter for skiing, snowboarding and similar winter activities it is also popular in the summer months for hiking and mountain biking. Whistler is additionally home to an award winning pedestrian village and is known as one of the top ski and snowboard destinations in North America.
Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia and is a 62mile (100km) scenic drive and ferry ride south of Vancouver. Home to the 2nd oldest Chinatown in North America, Victoria is also one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest settled in 1843. Often called the 'City of Gardens' for its many public gardens, the Butchart Gardens Tour is a great way to experience their beauty. Victoria is also an ample place to take a whale watching tour. There are frequent whale sightings of various kinds including over 80 Orca (killer whales) that live in the surrounding waters.
Fraser Valley located 76miles (121km) east from Vancouver is a great place to take a day trip for the adults. Here you can find over 15 different wineries offering everything from chardonnays to pinot noirs and fantastic fruit wines, just to name a few, grown from its rich fertile land. A day trip might be best done by a Fraser Valley Wine Country Day Trip, which includes a drive there and back along with a gourmet meal.
Contributed by Cailin O'Neil
Tours & Tickets
Vancouver to Victoria and Butchart Gardens Tour by Bus
Explore Victoria's highlights on this small-group day trip from Vancouver. Enjoy a 1.5-hour cruise to Vancouver Island and then take a sightseeing coach tour ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 13 hours (approx.)
Whistler Small-Group Day Trip from Vancouver
Leave the city of Vancouver behind and enjoy a full-day small-group tour to the famous resort town of Whistler! You'll journey past huge mountains, see the ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 11 hours (approx.)
Vancouver North Shore Day Trip with Capilano Suspension Bridge and Grouse Mountain
Experience Vancouver's beautiful surroundings on this 5- or 6-hour guided North Shore tour. After crossing Vancouver Harbor via the landmark Lions Gate ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 6 hours 30 minutes (approx.)
Victoria and Butchart Gardens Day Trip from Vancouver
This full-day narrated sightseeing tour takes you from downtown Vancouver to Victoria. Visit the world-famous Butchart Gardens and discover downtown Victoria. ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 13 hours (approx.)
Victoria and Butchart Gardens Tour from Vancouver
Begin your tour with a 90-minute cruise aboard BC Ferries. With scenery so jaw-dropping, you won't want to blink. Relax and enjoy the voyage through Active ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 12 hours (approx.)
Sea-to-Sky Highway Day Trip from Vancouver: Shannon Falls, Britannia Mine and Gondola Ride
Immerse yourself in British Columbia's rugged mountainous beauty on this tour from Vancouver to the natural and historical attractions along the Sea to ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 7 hours (approx.)
Vancouver Super Saver: City Sightseeing Tour plus Whistler Day Trip
Combine a Vancouver sightseeing tour and a day trip to Whistler with this Vancouver Super Saver. See top Vancouver attractions such as Stanley Park and Gastown ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 2 days (approx.)
Victoria and Butchart Gardens with Victoria Clipper to Seattle One-Way from Vancouver
Need to get to Seattle? Make it an experience! With the journey to Victoria equally as fascinating as the city itself, this tour offers scenic ocean travel, a ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 15 hours (approx.)
Whistler Day Trip by Seaplane from Vancouver
Save your precious travel time by flying to Whistler from Vancouver instead of driving. This package includes a round-trip seaplane flight from Vancouver to ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 1 day (approx.)
Victoria Full-Day Sightseeing Tour from Vancouver
Enjoy a full-day of sightseeing in Victoria, the capital of British Columbia. Victoria is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world — ... Read more
Location: Vancouver, Canada
Duration: 14 hours (approx.)