text: AMAG Pharmaceuticals Company Profile (NASDAQ:AMAG) Ratings Earnings Estimates Dividends Insider Trades Headlines Social Company Profile FAQ Charts About AMAG Pharmaceuticals AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a pharmaceutical company. The Company's segment is the manufacture, development and commercialization of products and services for use in treating various conditions, with a focus on maternal health, anemia management and cancer supportive care. Its offerings focus on maternal health, anemia management and cancer supportive care, including its product, Makena (hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection); services related to the collection, processing and storage of umbilical cord blood stem cell and cord tissue units operated through Cord Blood Registry (CBR); its product, Feraheme (ferumoxytol), for intravenous (IV) use, and MuGard Mucoadhesive Oral Wound Rinse. It is engaged in the development of Digoxin immune fab, a polyclonal antibody for the treatment of severe preeclampsia in pregnant women. Makena is a drug indicated to reduce the risk of preterm birth in women pregnant with a single baby having a history of singleton spontaneous preterm birth. Industry, Sector and Symbol: Sector: Medical Industry: Diagnostic Substances Sub-Industry: Biotechnology Exchange: NASDAQ Symbol: AMAG CUSIP: 00163U10 Key Metrics: Previous Close: $23.3050 Day Moving Average: $23.74200 Day Moving Average: $26.9552-Week Range: $17.92 - $36.83Trailing P/E Ratio: N/AForeward P/E Ratio: 6.87P/E Growth: -0.30Market Cap: $827.57MOutstanding Shares: 34,339,000Beta: 1.09Profitability:Net Margins: 3.12%Return on Equity: 11.10%Return on Assets: 4.13%Debt:Debt-to-Equity Ratio: 0.99%Current Ratio: 2.24%Quick Ratio: 2.12% Additional Links: Visit AMAG Pharmaceuticals' Official WebsiteView AMAG on Google FinanceView AMAG on Yahoo FinanceView AMAG's Company Profile on ReutersSearch for AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on Google Companies Related to AMAG Pharmaceuticals:Quidel (NASDAQ:QDEL)Meridian Bioscience (NASDAQ:VIVO)SurModics (NASDAQ:SRDX)Oxford Immunotec Global PLC (NASDAQ:OXFD)Trinity Biotech plc (NASDAQ:TRIB)Vermillion (NASDAQ:VRML)Quotient Limited (NASDAQ:QTNT)Capnia (NASDAQ:CAPN) Analyst Ratings Consensus Ratings for AMAG Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AMAG) (?) The ratings breakdown includes the most recent rating from each analyst that has rated the stock within the last twelve months. The ratings score is a calculation of the average number of sell, hold, buy and strong buy ratings (0-1.5 = Sell, 1.5-2.5 = Hold, 2.5-3.5 = Buy, >3.5 = Strong Buy). The consensus price target is a mean average of the most recent price target set by each analyst that has set a price target for the stock in the last twelve months.Ratings Breakdown: 1 Sell Rating, 8 Hold Ratings, 3 Buy RatingsConsensus Rating:Hold (Score: 2.17)Consensus Price Target: $31.78 (31.86% upside) Analysts' Ratings History for AMAG Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AMAG) Show: Only the Most Recent Rating From Each Brokerage All Ratings For This Stock DateFirmActionRatingPrice TargetDetails2/27/2017Cantor FitzgeraldSet Price TargetHold$24.002/15/2017Jefferies Group LLCReiterated RatingBuy$45.00 -> $40.002/3/2017Cowen and CompanyDowngradeOutperform -> Market Perform2/2/2017GuggenheimLower Price TargetBuy$42.00 -> $28.001/31/2017J P Morgan Chase & CoSet Price TargetHold$24.001/11/2017Needham & Company LLCDowngradeBuy -> Hold1/10/2017Janney Montgomery ScottDowngradeBuy -> Neutral1/10/2017Leerink SwannDowngradeOutperform -> Market Perform$39.00 -> $25.001/9/2017Raymond James Financial, Inc.Reiterated RatingMarket Perform -> Underperform5/9/2016Deutsche Bank AGLower Price TargetHold$42.00 -> $35.003/28/2016Robert W. BairdLower Price TargetOutperform$26.00 -> $25.003/28/2016Ladenburg Thalmann Financial ServicesDowngradeBuy -> Neutral1/28/2016Northland SecuritiesInitiated CoverageOutperform$40.001/21/2016Barclays PLCInitiated CoverageEqual Weight$32.00(Data available from 2/28/2015 forward) Earnings Earnings History for AMAG Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AMAG)DateQuarterConsensus EstimateActual EPSRevenue EstimateActual RevenueRelease LinkConference CallDetails5/1/2017 2/14/2017Q416$1.85($0.31)$155.12 million$151.60 millionViewListen11/3/2016Q316$1.50$1.78$141.65 million$143.80 millionViewListen8/9/2016Q216$1.20$1.45$128.52 million$127.40 millionViewListen5/3/2016Q116$1.11$0.94$124.83 million$117.60 millionViewListen2/17/2016Q415$1.16$1.12$120.13 million$108.70 millionViewListen11/3/2015Q315$1.21$1.02$113.88 million$103.50 millionViewListen7/23/2015Q215$0.75$1.12$94.05 million$123.90 millionViewListen5/5/2015Q115$1.04$1.11$84.66 million$89.50 millionViewListen2/9/2015Q414$0.30$0.06$52.69 million$53.30 millionViewListen10/30/2014Q314($0.08)$0.06$26.30 million$25.50 millionViewListen7/29/2014Q214($0.09)($0.07)$23.40 million$24.80 millionViewListen4/24/2014Q1($0.07)($0.33)$22.73 million$20.80 millionViewListen2/6/2014Q4($0.10)($0.17)$21.01 million$21.70 millionViewListen10/17/2013Q313($0.12)($0.01)$20.37 million$21.60 millionViewListen8/1/2013Q2 2013($0.17)($0.09)$18.51 million$19.60 millionViewListen4/23/2013Q1 2013($0.20)($0.18)$17.99 million$17.90 millionViewListen3/1/2013Q4 2012($0.06)($0.17)$22.54 million$21.14 millionViewN/A11/1/2012Q312($0.26)($0.19)$20.43 million$17.70 millionViewN/A7/26/2012($0.39)$0.16ViewN/A5/1/2012($0.63)($0.58)ViewN/A3/5/2012($1.09)($0.87)ViewN/A11/4/2011($0.98)($0.78)ViewN/A5/3/2011($0.99)($1.05)ViewN/A2/25/2011($1.04)($0.94)ViewN/A(Data available from 1/1/2011 forward) Estimates Earnings Estimates for AMAG Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AMAG)Current Year EPS Consensus Estimate: $6.49 EPSNext Year EPS Consensus Estimate: $3.51 EPSQuarterNumber of EstimatesLow EstimateHigh EstimateAverage EstimateQ1 20165$0.13$0.68$0.36Q2 20163$0.14$0.76$0.54Q3 20163$0.38$0.90$0.71Q4 20162$0.32$0.44$0.38Q1 20171($1.05)($1.05)($1.05)Q2 20171$0.58$0.58$0.58Q3 20171$0.43$0.43$0.43Q4 20171$0.57$0.57$0.57(Data provided by Zacks Investment Research) Dividends Dividend History for AMAG Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AMAG)No dividend announcements for this company have been tracked by MarketBeat.com Insider Trades Insider Trading History for AMAG Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AMAG)Insider Ownership Percentage: 2.30%Transaction DateInsider NameTitleBuy/SellNumber of SharesAverage Share PriceTotal TransactionDetails10/20/2016Julie KropSVPSell4,938$24.80$122,462.40 11/10/2015John A FallonDirectorBuy3,230$31.20$100,776.00 10/1/2015William K HeidenCEOSell2,000$39.69$79,380.00 9/1/2015William K HeidenCEOSell2,000$61.19$122,380.00 7/15/2015William K HeidenCEOSell20,000$75.00$1,500,000.00 6/15/2015Scott A HolmesSVPSell7,580$66.63$505,055.40 6/5/2015William K HeidenCEOSell66,875$69.90$4,674,562.50 6/4/2015Frank E ThomasCOOSell20,000$69.47$1,389,400.00 6/3/2015Scott A HolmesSVPSell22,516$68.88$1,550,902.08 1/9/2015Adage Capital Partners Gp LlcMajor ShareholderSell1,250,000$46.49$58,112,500.00 1/9/2014Christopher WhiteInsiderSell4,000$22.37$89,480.00 1/7/2014Christopher WhiteInsiderSell5,000$23.90$119,500.00 (Data available from 1/1/2013 forward) Headlines Latest Headlines for AMAG Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AMAG)DateHeadlineAMAG Pharma (AMAG), Palatin (PTN) Announce Rekynda Data Presentations at ISSWSH Meeting - StreetInsider.com (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.streetinsider.com - February 27 at 3:38 PM8:05 am AMAG Pharma and Palatin Technologies (PTN (NASDAQ:AMAG)finance.yahoo.com - February 27 at 3:38 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) Target Price At $32.444 - Transcript Daily (NASDAQ:AMAG)transcriptdaily.com - February 27 at 7:10 AMEPS Target Of AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG)Set At ... - Transcript Daily (NASDAQ:AMAG)transcriptdaily.com - February 24 at 8:44 PMRevenue Update on AMAG Pharmaceuticals(NASDAQ:AMAG) - Money Flow Index & Trends (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.moneyflowtrends.com - February 24 at 3:41 PMTrading Circle: Narrowing in on Shares of AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) - Midway Monitor (NASDAQ:AMAG)midwaymonitor.com - February 24 at 3:41 PMNews Impact Score Of AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) At 91 - Stock Observer (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.thestockobserver.com - February 24 at 3:41 PMAMAG PHARMACEUTICALS INC. Financials (NASDAQ:AMAG)finance.yahoo.com - February 24 at 3:41 PMANI Pharmaceuticals Inc (ANIP) Cut to "Neutral" at Roth Capital (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.graffiotech.com - February 23 at 3:30 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) Price Target Set At $32.444 - Transcript Daily (NASDAQ:AMAG)transcriptdaily.com - February 22 at 3:31 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. -- Moody's revises outlook on AMAG to stable, affirms B2 CFR (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.moodys.com - February 22 at 11:33 AMTrading Watch: Checking in on Shares of AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) - BVN (NASDAQ:AMAG)bvnewsjournal.com - February 21 at 3:46 PMAMAG PHARMACEUTICALS INC. Files SEC form 10-K, Annual Report (NASDAQ:AMAG)biz.yahoo.com - February 21 at 7:16 AMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) Price Target At ... - Transcript Daily (NASDAQ:AMAG)transcriptdaily.com - February 18 at 3:28 PMAMAG PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (NASDAQ:AMAG) Files An 8-K Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement (NASDAQ:AMAG)marketexclusive.com - February 16 at 8:35 PMAMAG PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (NASDAQ:AMAG) Files An 8-K Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement (NASDAQ:AMAG)marketexclusive.com - February 16 at 8:35 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals Inks $60M Drug Deal (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.investopedia.com - February 16 at 3:33 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. :AMAG-US: Earnings Analysis: 2016 By the Numbers : February 16, 2017 (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.capitalcube.com - February 16 at 3:33 PMAMAG Pharma (AMAG) Incurs Loss in Q4, Revenues Lag Estimates (NASDAQ:AMAG)finance.yahoo.com - February 16 at 8:24 AMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. :AMAG-US: Earnings Analysis: Q4, 2016 By the Numbers : February 15, 2017 (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.capitalcube.com - February 16 at 8:24 AMEdited Transcript of AMAG earnings conference call or presentation 14-Feb-17 1:00pm GMT (NASDAQ:AMAG)finance.yahoo.com - February 15 at 2:08 AMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2016 Q4 - Results - Earnings Call Slides (NASDAQ:AMAG)seekingalpha.com - February 14 at 9:08 PMBRIEF-Amag Pharmaceuticals, Endoceutics enter into license agreement (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.reuters.com - February 14 at 9:08 PMAMAG and Endoceutics Enter Into an Exclusive U.S. License Agreement for Intrarosa™ (Prasterone) (NASDAQ:AMAG)us.rd.yahoo.com - February 14 at 9:08 PMAMAG Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2016 Financial Results (NASDAQ:AMAG)us.rd.yahoo.com - February 14 at 9:08 PMQ4 2016 AMAG Pharmaceuticals Inc Earnings Release - Before Market Open (NASDAQ:AMAG)us.rd.yahoo.com - February 14 at 9:08 PMAMAG PHARMACEUTICALS INC. Files SEC form 8-K, Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement, Results of Operations and F (NASDAQ:AMAG)us.rd.yahoo.com - February 14 at 9:08 PM7:20 am AMAG Pharma enters into an exclusive license agreement with Endoceutics that provides AMAG with U.S. commercial rights to Intrarosa; will pay Endoceutics $50 million of total upfront consideration and issue Endoceutics 600,000 unreg (NASDAQ:AMAG)us.rd.yahoo.com - February 14 at 9:08 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals reports 4Q loss - Yahoo Finance (NASDAQ:AMAG)finance.yahoo.com - February 14 at 4:06 PMAMAG Pharma (AMAG), Endoceutics Enter License Agreement for Intrarosa - StreetInsider.com (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.streetinsider.com - February 14 at 4:06 PMEarnings Reaction History: AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 20.0% Follow-Through Indicator, 5.1% Sensitive - Nasdaq (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.nasdaq.com - February 14 at 4:06 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals reports 4Q loss (NASDAQ:AMAG)sg.finance.yahoo.com - February 14 at 4:06 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals Inc Earnings Call scheduled for 8:00 am ET today (NASDAQ:AMAG)biz.yahoo.com - February 14 at 4:06 PMBiotech Premarket Movers: Pacific Biosciences of California, AMAG, Global Blood Therapeutics (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.thestreet.com - February 14 at 4:06 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals Inc Earnings Call (Q4 2016) (NASDAQ:AMAG)biz.yahoo.com - February 13 at 9:01 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals to Present at Upcoming Investor Conference - Nasdaq (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.nasdaq.com - February 11 at 3:27 PMPerrigo Company (PRGO) Q4 Earnings: Disappointment in Store? (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.nasdaq.com - February 10 at 9:02 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) Mean Price Target At ... - Transcript Daily (NASDAQ:AMAG)transcriptdaily.com - February 10 at 3:57 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals to Present at Upcoming Investor ... - GuruFocus.com (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.gurufocus.com - February 10 at 3:57 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals to Present at Upcoming Investor Conference - EconoTimes (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.econotimes.com - February 9 at 3:31 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals to Present at Upcoming Investor Conference (NASDAQ:AMAG)finance.yahoo.com - February 9 at 3:31 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals to Host Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2016 ... - Nasdaq (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.nasdaq.com - February 8 at 3:40 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals to Host Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2016 Financial Results Conference Call and Webcast on Tuesday, February 14, 2017 at 8:00 a.m. ET (NASDAQ:AMAG)finance.yahoo.com - February 7 at 3:57 PMResearch Reports Initiation on Healthcare Stocks -- Palatin Technologies, AMAG Pharma, IDEXX Labs, and Delcath ... - PR Newswire (press release) (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.prnewswire.com - February 6 at 3:31 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) Target Price At $33.111 - Transcript Daily (NASDAQ:AMAG)transcriptdaily.com - February 6 at 1:31 AMPalatin Technologies (PTN) Closes License Agreement for Rekynda ... - StreetInsider.com (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.streetinsider.com - February 5 at 1:36 AMMetroWest Business Briefs for Feb. 4, 2017 - MetroWest Daily News (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.metrowestdailynews.com - February 4 at 3:33 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals Announces Closing of Exclusive Licensing Agreement for North American Rights to Rekynda™ (NASDAQ:AMAG)investingnews.com - February 3 at 9:26 PMNews Impact Score Of AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) At 85 - Stock Observer (NASDAQ:AMAG)www.thestockobserver.com - February 3 at 3:36 PMAMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMAG) declared EPS of 1.78 - The Newburgh Press (NASDAQ:AMAG)newburghpress.com - February 3 at 3:36 PM Social What is AMAG Pharmaceuticals' stock symbol? AMAG Pharmaceuticals trades on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "AMAG."Where is AMAG Pharmaceuticals' stock going? Where will AMAG Pharmaceuticals' stock price be in 2017? 12 equities research analysts have issued 12 month price objectives for AMAG Pharmaceuticals' shares. Their predictions range from $24.00 to $45.00. On average, they expect AMAG Pharmaceuticals' stock price to reach $31.78 in the next year.When will AMAG Pharmaceuticals announce their earnings? AMAG Pharmaceuticals is scheduled to release their next quarterly earnings announcement on Monday, May, 1st 2017.What are analysts saying about AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock? Here are some recent quotes from research analysts about AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock: Jefferies Group LLC analysts commented, "No surprise vs. pre-announced 4Q16 results on 1/9/17. Another acquisition of women's health product Intrarosa also fails to excite investors (following Rekynda on 1/9/17). Given ongoing concerns, near-term we view limited upside; medium/long-term share price recovery would likely be driven by timely approval/successful launch of Makena 3.0 & strong Intrarosa uptake providing confidence in its commercial potential, which may not be materialized until ~2018." (2/15/2017)Guggenheim analysts commented, "Despite near-term setbacks, we continue to believe patience will be rewarded for AMAG investors with a longer-term horizon. However we are lowering our price target to $28 from $42. Our PT reduction is driven by lowered expectations for Makena life cycle extension. We believe Makena Sub-Q will face a challenging reimbursement environment, if approved, given the pain and Cmax PK data released this morning and expect generics to capture the majority of the market from '18+. Longer term stock price appreciation could be driven by Feraheme label expansion, CBR durability, Business Development, and Rekynda keep us positive." (2/2/2017)Cantor Fitzgerald analysts commented, "Rekindling desire with Rekynda. On January 9, AMAG announced that it obtained a North American licensing from Palatin Technologies (PTN, not covered) for Rekynda to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in pre- menopausal women. Safety and efficacy were established in two Phase 3 clinical trials and AMAG expects to file an NDA in early 2018. HSDD market is large and lacking in effective treatments. AMAG believes the U.S. population of patients with HSDD is 15 million, 5.8 million of which are pre-menopausal. An estimated 800,000 women are being treated for HSDD and 2.2 million are diagnosed but not treated." (1/20/2017)According to Zacks Investment Research, "We are concerned about AMAG's dependence on sales of Makena, which primarily drives the company's top line. We are also concerned about the company's iron replacement therapy, Feraheme, which faces patent challenge in the U.S. In addition, inclusion of a boxed warning in Feraheme's label is concerning. Moreover, termination of the marketing agreement with Takeda is a major setback for the company. Stiff competition and generic threats remain a woe as well. Estimates are stable ahead the company's Q4 release. The company has recorded an average negative earnings surprise over the four trailing quarters. However, AMAG's shares have outperformed the Medical-Biomedical/Genetics industry in the past one year." (1/9/2017)Who owns AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock? AMAG Pharmaceuticals' stock is owned by many different of retail and institutional investors. Top institutional investors include Patrick Lee, MD (9.78%), Palo Alto Investors LLC (9.78%), Janus Capital Management LLC (9.55%), State Street Corp (4.21%), Numeric Investors LLC (2.74%) and Renaissance Technologies LLC (1.50%). Company insiders that own AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock include Frank E Thomas, John A Fallon, Julie Krop, Scott A Holmes and William K Heiden.Who sold AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock? Who is selling AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock? AMAG Pharmaceuticals' stock was sold by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including State Street Corp, Janus Capital Management LLC, Putnam Investments LLC, Oxford Asset Management, Kingdon Capital Management L.L.C., GRT Capital Partners L.L.C., AQR Capital Management LLC and GSA Capital Partners LLP. Who bought AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock? Who is buying AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock? AMAG Pharmaceuticals' stock was bought by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Renaissance Technologies LLC, Numeric Investors LLC, Russell Investments Group Ltd., Bogle Investment Management L P DE, Arrowstreet Capital Limited Partnership, Systematic Financial Management LP, Federated Investors Inc. PA and A.R.T. Advisors LLC. How do I buy AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock? Shares of AMAG Pharmaceuticals can be purchased through any online brokerage account. Popular online brokerages include Vanguard Brokerage Services, TD Ameritrade, E*TRADE, Scottrade, Fidelity and Charles Schwab. How much does a share of AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock cost? One share of AMAG Pharmaceuticals stock can currently be purchased for approximately $24.10. AMAG Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:AMAG) Chart for Tuesday, February, 28, 2017Institutional Ownership ChartEarnings History ChartDividend History Chart Last Updated on 2/28/2017 by MarketBeat.com Staff


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Published on February 18, 2009
Author: Sidescan
Source: slideshare.net
MARINE GEOSCIENCES SEAFLOOR ENGINEERING STUDIES SURVEY PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION GEOPHYSICAL/GEOTECHNICAL/HYDROGRAPHIC CLIENT & QC REPRESENTATION EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE Sea Scape Technical Resources
INFRASTRUCTURE Seascape Technical Resources interfaces with various client organizations such as; oil & gas firms, consulting engineers, pipeline companies, governmental entities, universities, seismic survey companies, dredging companies, utilities, environmental companies, and others active in the coastal and offshore regimes, domestic and international. Though most requirements are associated with the field operations, other needs may lie in the areas of project planning, identifying field data acquisition needs and appropriate systems and methodology, preparation of RFP's, review of proposals, selection of contractors, project management, data reduction, analysis and reporting. The needs may be in the field and at the client company location. " Around all is the sea, under and in which lie mankind's bounties. Upon its wise exploration and utilization depend the survival and growth of free institutions" i T
MULTIDISCIPLINE SURVEYS Mitigation of risks from natural or man-made seafloor hazards Regulatory compliance (archaeological, environmental, shallow hazards…) Establish design criteria for pipeline, cable, template, etc. By operating several data acquisition systems simultaneously a wide range of survey objectives can be accommodated quickly, minimizing survey costs to client companies. The data from the various instruments can be processed and interpreted in the field and preliminary reports provided to the client to allow on-site evaluations and survey plan modifications as needed. Or the data is shipped back to the home office for processing, interpretation and reporting PIPELINE ROUTE AND DEPTH-OF-COVER SURVEY CONSIDERATIONS
Multidiscipline survey techniques will provide data not only for depth of cover but can identify the conditions of the pipeline trench, backfill material, surrounding surficial soils, seafloor scour along the pipeline, debris and proximity to other pipelines. Accurate position information is recorded along with the systems data. By simultaneously operating several systems, a quick determination of conditions that may have impact on an existing or planned pipeline installation can be realized These systems include; Positioning - DGPS Subbottom Profiler – Chirp Echo Sounder – Dual Frequency Sidescan Sonar –Dual Frequency Magnetometer – Low noise PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
Pipeline Depth-of-Cover survey techniques – Shallow Water Operations Three primary approaches are utilized to measure depth of soil cover over an existing pipeline; a) Physical probing from the water surface or by diver b) Gradiometer arrays c) Chirp subbottom profiler The following discussion details the subbottom profiler utilization as it is considered the most effective and least costly survey method of the three. In addition, when other complimentary survey equipment is utilized, additional important data is available to the operator Figure 1 illustrates typical data provided by a sidescan sonar, subbottom profiler and echosounder when operated over a pipeline. Additionally a magnetometer is utilized to assist in determining the exact location of the line. PIPELINE DEPTH OF COVER SURVEY
Accuracy – Depth of cover Typically a dual frequency echo sounder (30 kHz – 200 kHz range) and a subbottom profiler are utilized to determine depth of cover. The higher frequency system inherently is the most accurate due to a narrow beamwidth, shorter pulse length and wavelength provided. Specifications for the ODOM Hydrographic 200 kHz published accuracy as .01m ± 1% water depth. In the case of depth of cover we are concerned with the window between the seafloor surface and the top of the pipe which will normally be less that 10 ft. In this case the accuracy would be better than .01m (.4 in.) + 1% of 10ft. (1.2 in.) or 1.6in. maximum error. The sediment within the depth of interest is water saturated and acoustic velocities are considered identical to that of the water column. To assure accuracy of measurement, acoustic velocity profiles are taken and bar checks made to calibrate the echo sounder to minimize system index errors and draft variations.
With reference to fig. 1, we can observe the depth of the pipeline from the seafloor to be 9 ft. However, due to scour or lack of backfill we also can see the pipeline is 6 ft. from the bottom of the trench. It would be difficult, at best, for a diver to determine where the actual seafloor surface is in respect to the trench bottom and the pipeline. The lower frequency echo sounder (24 kHz – 30 kHz) is able to penetrate a soft bottom to several feet, in the case in figure 1, the partially suspended surficial sediment (flocculent, fluid mud or fluff), a second somewhat more settled material at one foot depth, and a clay seam at 9 ft., are identified. The subbottom profiler record clearly shows the clay seam but due to the lower operating frequency cannot resolve the softer material near the surface. The footprint of the transmitted pulse is much wider than that the echo sounder allowing it to map the pipeline from a greater horizontal distance. The acoustic pulse from the profiler is less subject to attenuation and can function more effectively in noisy sea conditions. The sidescan sonar transmits a narrow beam in the azimuth and can be very effective in determining if the seafloor has been disturbed along the pipeline. The example shows that the trench has not been impacted by significant scour and that the pipe remains buried out to the limits of the record (approx 50 meter swath).
This sidescan sonar record was taken parallel to a buried pipeline. The trench and partially eroded backfill can be observed above the line with no apparent exposure or excessive localized scour. Fig. 2
The systems can be operated in very shallow water depths using special tow and transducer mounting configurations. The limit of shallow water operation is limited primarily by vessel draft which is approximately 2 ft. , in this example. The primary limiting operational factor is excessive noise on the geophysical records caused by rough sea conditions. Fig. 3 Depending on sea conditions the sidescan sonar towfish can be operated from the bow or stern Fig. 4
The marine magnetometer produces a strong signature when a pipeline is crossed and is the most effective system in initially locating a pipeline. The acoustic systems can then be utilized to record more detail. Simultaneous operation of a magnetometer, sidescan sonar, subbottom profiler and precision echo sounder can provide position data, depth of cover, seafloor sediment regime, and orientation of buried pipelines, cables, wrecks and debris.
Innovatum Smartrack Pipeline & Cable Tracking System Sand, gravel, seagrass and gaseous surficial soils can limit the effectiveness of acoustic systems. A gradiometer array can provide XYZ data at pipeline crossings. However the accuracy in the vertical plane is limited to < ± .25m. When used in conjunction with a chirp subbottom profiler, optimum position and depth-of-cover data can be produced. An array of vertically mounted magnetic gradiometers is used to collect magnetic field gradient information at the pipeline location providing an accurate two dimensional target position. The array can be sled mounted for use in areas where vessel use is prohibitive in extreme shallow water. It can also be configured for operation from a small ROV. Although the system can be used in an active DC or AC mode for small cables, Passive magnetic tracking is used for pipeline survey using the natural field of steel pipes.
The advantages of a multidiscipline survey approach utilizing a suite of instruments are several. ● Depth of cover can be determined quickly as the survey boat acquires data at approximately 3-4 knots. ● Accuracy of the high frequency echo sounder exceeds ± 1.6" in the material covering the pipeline. ● The sidescan sonar can provide information along the pipeline trench showing breaches or seafloor scour. ● Seafloor characteristics will be represented by acoustic reflectivity of the sidescan sonar, subbottom profiler, and echo sounder data. ● Accurate 3D position of the pipeline crossing location using the magnetometer, echo sounders, subbottom profiler, sidescan sonar and DGPS positioning . ● Using a gradiometer array, data can be obtained in problem areas; sand, gravel, seagrass, gaseous sediments. ● Economical since all systems are utilized simultaneously with one mobilization. ● Data recorded digitally for conversion to Client specified GIS format. A program can be designed and integrated into an "Integrity Management Programs" required by the D.O.T. Office of Pipeline Safety (49 CFR 192&195).
Sidescan records along with backscatter data recorded by the swath systems are utilized to assist in determining the character of the seafloor sediments for design and installation planning as well as detecting seafloor scour. The C3D record below shows an exposed pipeline with disturbed surficial soils in the immediate area, a possible result of local currents. The system combines the attributes of a sidescan sonar and multibeam echo sounder providing a 3D model with reflection amplitudes added.
. Soils samples acquired at locations chosen after preliminary interpretation of geophysical survey data can prove to be a valuable asset in the determination of soils regimes in a survey area. Acoustic reflective horizons from a subbottom profiler or dual frequency echo sounder can often be correlated with soils samples to allow identification and mapping of sedimentary and statigraphic sequences. Backscatter data from the multibeam sonar and sidescan sonar data can help determine the lateral extent of the surficial sediments identified. GEOTECHNICAL CORRELATIONS
Reflectivity of seafloor sediment materials can determined by recording acoustic images and sediment classification determined following data processing and correlation with ground truth data. Following data is proprietary to Questar Tangent. All bottom classification results attributable to the publication "Acoustic Seabed Classification." Data can be processed from sidescan sonar, multibeam sonar or single beam sonar. Algorythms used are particular to a specific survey objective and may utilize more than one system type. SEAFLOOR IMAGING
Multibeam classification for environmental monitoring
Colorized backscatter mosaic overlain by single beam classification data – habitat mapping and arctic engineering Classification interpolated for 50 kHz single beam echosounder data for oyster habitat
Environmental monitoring utilizing backscatter data. This technique may be applied during pipeline depth-of-cover surveys to help satisfy the requirements for Pipeline Integrity Management Programs. 4D surveys may well be in order to monitor scouring or migration of surficial soils due to storm induced currents along pipeline assets. GIS database can be developed for specific survey systems.
CONTRACT SURVEY PERSONNEL Various professional contract personnel can be provided to satisfy various survey objectives on a worldwide basis. Our personnel are experienced in: Marine Geophysics Civil Engineering Marine Geology Environmental Survey Oceanography Geotechnical Engineering Hydrography Quality Control Project Management Typical Projects Include: Pipeline Route/Engineering Surveys Pipeline Depth of Cover Surveys Engineering Site Surveys Seismic Exploration Surveys Harbor Studies Foundation Investigations Seafloor Hazard/Geophysical Survey Erosion/Scour Studies
Geophysical and geotechnical survey techniques used for shallow water pipeline route investigations can also be used to determine the pipeline depth of ...
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Then view the data collected during this survey. ... Completed a depth of cover analysis on four pipeline river crossing sites in Upstate New York.
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Experience in depth-of-cover survey proves to be essential in pipeline projects to prevent loss and minimize potential hazards for operators during and ...
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... interpretation and reporting PIPELINE ROUTE AND DEPTH-OF-COVER SURVEY CONSIDERATIONS Copyright of Seascape Technical Resources Multidiscipline ...
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Topic : Pipeline Routing Figure 1: Pipeline depth of soil cover Geophysical and geotechnical survey techniques used for shallow water pipeline ...
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Depth-of-Cover. GPS and ... Subsurface Solutions makes your job easier by taking control and supplying you with a easy to read survey ... Pipeline depth ...
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For pipelines constructed after April 1, 1970, each pipeline company must conduct a depth-of-cover survey in its pipeline rights of way every five years to ...
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The lower frequency echo sounder (24 kHz –30 kHz) is able to penetrate a soft bottom to several feet, in the case in Figure 1, the partially suspended ...
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Pipeline Integrity Projects | Service Beyond Boundaries. Client Zone; ... Pipeline Profile and Depth-of-Cover Surveys; Above Ground Marker (AGM) Surveys;
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Published on 1st Sep, 2016 in Content Marketing, Marketing, Online Marketing, Small Business Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Twitter Marketing
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So you're at a conference, gaining wisdom from the pros in your industry. Or maybe you're one of those pros yourself, sharing your years of…


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Sunday Showdown: Clarke
Richard Clarke once again stood strong against the Bush political machine. The nonsense about inconsistencies between his testimony two years (when he was instructed to spin) ago and now. The pathetic reach to issues like his letter of resignation. The weird charges of partisanship. The absurd notion that a guy who has worked this issue for than a decade would turn into some out of control disguntled employee. The effort to discuss anything other than Clarke's key point which is that the war Iraq was a diversion from the war on terror.
We did go to war in Iraq, no? So let's have the debate about that, not Dick Clarke.
So far this guy has been a rock under pressure (is he the The Alpha-Bureaucrat?). Again, we're being asked to believe that someone like Ahmed Chalabi is to be trusted but someone Clarke is to be disregarded.
From John McCain: "This is the most vigorous offensive I've ever seen from the administration on any issue. These attacks go to the heart of the strength of the president, and they felt it had to be put down and put down quickly. Whether they'll succeed or not is unclear."
There are really now two main election-issues to be considered. One, the decision to go to Iraq. Two, the tactics used by this administration to destroy Dick Clarke and others and keep information from an American public they believe is unable to process it reasonably.
"When you're in the White House, you spin. And people have been doing a lot of that against me this week. You know, they're engaged in a campaign. People on the taxpayers' rolls, dozens of people, are engaged in the campaign to destroy me, personally and professionally, because I had the temerity to suggest that the American people should consider whether or not the president had done a good job on the war on terrorism. The issue is not me. The issue is the president's job on the role on terrorism.
I think, before 9/11, he himself said — if you look at what he said to Bob Woodward, he himself said before 9/11, "This was not an urgent issue for me. I didn't feel a sense of urgency." He acknowledged bin Laden was not the focus of him or his national security team. So, before 9/11, not as focused. After 9/11 — I say by going into Iraq, he has really hurt the war on terrorism. Now, because I say that, the administration doesn't want to talk on the merits of that. They don't want to talk about the effect on the war on terrorism of our invasion of Iraq. And so, instead, A, they try to do character assassination of me; but, B, they try to punish me for having said it by going after my professional life, by going after me, besmirching me. This is just not appropriate.
And you know, Tim, what I would like to do, beginning today, it's been going on for a week now. What I would like to do beginning today, is let's raise the level of discourse. Let's get some civility back into this issue. And let's talk about the issues. Let's not talk about the personalities. I have great respect for Dr. Rice. People have been saying all week that, you know, I must have a grudge against Condi Rice. I have known Condi for a long time. I think she's a very, very good person. And I don't want this to be about personality. I want it to be about the issues, about the war in Iraq and its affect on the war on terror."


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text: Megan and Liz's parents divorced when the twins were infants. Their mother took full custody of Liz, and their father took full custody of Megan. The twins don't even remember each other. The twins are juniors in high school. They go to the same school, but would never guess they were related. Liz is the popular girl in school. Megan is the considered the biggest loser in school. Liz has a nice life. She's popular. Her mother is amazing. They have more than enough money. Though Liz wishes for her father and twin, she's pretty happy. Megan doesn't have the nicest life. She's a geek. She has no friends. She's bullied at school. Her father is an alcoholic and abusive towards Megan. Megan is a nervous wreak who has little to no idea what happiness or love is.


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 6, 1989
|Filing date
|Oct 20, 1987
|Priority date
|Oct 20, 1987
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Sol Fanshel
|Original Assignee
|Sol Fanshel
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (65), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to hearing aids and, more particularly, to hearing aid control circuits for enhancing the intelligibility of speech signals corrupted by low-frequency noise.
Hearing aids presently available are miniaturized so as to fit into the ear canal or over the ear, the main motivation for which is to make the aid unobstrusive. This stems from the myth that a hearing impairment is a sign of decrepitude in an elderly person, or a handicap for a young person. A similar myth existed a generation ago in respect of the wearing of eyeglasses, but this image has now been removed and there no longer is any stigma attached to wearing them.
Because of the flaws in presently available hearing aids many of the millions of hearing-impaired persons, even after having been fitted for hearing aids and paid their not insignificant cost, do not use them. While the art of hearing aids is generally well known and well understood, hearing aid users continue to suffer from the fact that most hearing aids are non-discriminating and therefore equally amplify audio information and background noise. As reported in Hearing Instruments, Vol. 38, No. 8, 1987, pp. 8-16, the most common complaint reported by hearing instrument wearers is that speech was difficult to understand under noisy and reverberant conditions. Studies have shown that listening conditions which are just mildly disruptive for normalhearing persons have serious consequences for understanding speech for hearing-impaired subjects. A normal hearing person in quiet, because the speech is rich in redundant cues, can tolerate a substantial amount of degradation of the speech signal before it becomes unintelligible. However, the set of cues available, especially the crucial high frequency cues, are substantially reduced for the typical hearing-impaired listener, and in noisy, reverberant environments the reduction in available speech cues usually reduces the remaining low frequency information, resulting in further degradation of the primary signal. Additionally, currently available aids cause discomfort to the user when a sudden loud noise occurs, their limited range makes them very ineffective for use in theatres and conference halls, and generally have poor tone quality. Furthermore, the adjustment controls on the hearing aid not only are very small but because of their location on the device (which must be in place in the ear canal or over the ear during adjustment) are very difficult to manipulate.
These flaws of available hearing aids are directly attributable to their miniature size which results in components that are too small to meet the fundamental objective of an effective hearing aid that for normal sounds the acoustic output should be a clear but amplified copy of the input signal. The microphone usually used as the transducer for converting an acoustic input to an electric signal is extremely small and because of its location on the hearing aid device is quite directive (but not necessarily sufficiently or in the right direction). Similarly, the powerhandling capability and the dynamic range of the miniature speaker used in the present hearing aids are extremely limited, factors which contribute to the above-outlined flaws.
Accordingly, there is a need for a hearing aid that can be relatively unobstrusively coupled to the ear which has more power-handling capability and a wider dynamic range than the miniature speaker used in available hearing aids.
Additionally, it is desirable that a hearing aid have the capability of using a variety of superior microphones each tailored for a particular purpose: for example, a built-in microphone for convenience; a plug-in directional microphone to aid in noise control; a plug-in power-enhanced microphone for use in theatres and conference rooms; a plug-in or induction coil telephone pickup.
Moreover, the frequency response of the hearing aid desirably is adjustable to compensate for the frequency losses of the hearing-impaired user, and to enable the user to listen to speech in the midst of ambient background noise.
Generally speaking, the hearing aid according to the present invention overcomes the flaws of presently available miniaturized hearing aids by packaging the control circuit in a container separate from the ear-piece and sufficiently small in size as to be carried in the user's shirt pocket or attached to a belt, and with a wire connecting the control circuit to a quality speaker that fits in the ear. The speaker may be of the type currently used with portable radio receivers and/or tape players, such as the Sony "Walkman", which is capable of handling much more power and has a wider dynamic range than the miniature speakers typically found in present hearing aids. This available type of speaker is easily inserted into the ear and is more comfortable than a molded plastic hearing aid that is inserted in the ear canal, which can become irritating when worn for long periods. If the wire for the ear speaker is made flesh colored it is quite unobtrusive.
In another aspect the invention provides apparatus for enhancing the intelligibility of an electric speech signal corrupted with low-frequency noise. The apparatus permits adjustment of the frequency response of the circuit to compensate for the frequency losses of the user and includes a low-frequency, or bass, channel and a high-frequency, or treble, channel for producing a signal to the ear corresponding to the frequency characteristic band of the speech signal. Because the most troublesome noises are in the low-frequency range, the treble response can be enhanced relative to the bass channel, thereby to improving intelligibility of the crucial consonants, which are primarily high-frequency speech elements. The high-frequency channel includes a signal compressor, the control circuit of which includes means for quickly suppressing bursts of loud noise occurring in the treble range and removing the suppression at a rate so as to prevent unwanted distortion of speech elements. The low-frequency and high-frequency signals are combined by simple summation to produce an output signal to a power amplifier for application to the speaker.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention, and a better understanding of its construction and operation, will be had from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of electronic apparatus embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a practical embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a preferred form of packaging for the electronic apparatus.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hearing aid according to the invention which includes a microphone 10 for producing an audio frequency electrical signal representing speech sounds incident thereon; a conventional preamplifier 12 for amplifying the electric speech signal; a speaker 14 to which a processed speech signal is delivered for audible reproduction; and an electronic control circuit 16 for processing the speech signal which serves to enhance the intelligibility of the speech signal in the presence of low-frequency noise.
The control circuit 16 has a low-frequency, or bass channel 18, a high-frequency, or treble, channel 20 connected in parallel therewith, and a summer 22 for combining signals transmitted by the low-frequency and high-frequency channels. Typically, summer 22 is an operational amplifier in a conventional summing configuration, and its output is amplified by a suitable power amplifier 24 and ailed to speaker 14.
The low-frequency channel 18 essentially is a band-pass filter 26 having cut-off frequencies on the order of 600 Hz and 1.2 KHz. The cut-off frequency of 600 Hz, which is amenable to some variation, was chosen because in many environments, such as restaurants, airports and train stations, the ambient, low-frequency noise which would corrupt a speech signal is likely to have most of its spectral energy concentrated below about 600 Hz, and low frequency acoustical cues would not be significantly affect.
The first component of high-frequency channel 20 is a band-pass filter 28 having cut-off frequencies about 1.7 KHz and 4.6 KHz. Filters 26 and 28 are so designed that their response characteristics overlap in the vicinity of 1.5 KHz in order to prevent loss of frequency components present in the original sound signal when the two signals are summed. The dynamic range of the high-frequency components signal passed by filter 28 is compressed by a compressor 30 which also serves to suppress loud bursts of noise that would otherwise cause discomfort. The user can control the level of the high-pass signal appearing at the output of compressor 30 relative to the fixed level of the low-frequency signal for optimum intelligibility of the speech signal for his particular hearing impairment. Because the high-frequency channel contains frequency components typical of consonants, which are important to intelligibility, the system can be adjusted so as to emphasize the higher frequencies relative to the low frequencies and thereby effectively suppress the noise.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a preferred and practical embodiment of signal processing circuit 16. The speech signal received from microphone 10, which may be built into a suitable package (to be described in connection with FIG. 3) is amplified by a preamplifier 12, the gain of which is adjustable to control the gain level of the system, and coupled via a coupling capacitor 32 to a low-frequency, or bass, filter 26, and also to a high-frequency, or treble, filter 28. A conventional microphone jack 34 is connected between microphone 10 and preamplifier 12 so that an external microphone (not shown) can be plugged in and produce the input speech signal instead of microphone 10. The jack 34 is designed and constructed to disconnect the built-in microphone 10 when an external microphone is plugged in. Filters 26 and 28 preferably are active, equal-component band-pass filters, such as the illustrated Sallen-Key second order filters, each consisting of a "low-pass" section followed by a "high-pass" section. More specifically, and with reference to filter 26, the "low-pass" section consists of an operational amplifier 36, a pair of series-connected resistors 38 and 40 through which the input signal is applied to the non-inverting input of the amplifier, a capacitor 42 connected between the junction of resistors 38 and 40 and the output terminal of amplifier 36, a capacitor 44 connected between the non-inverting input terminal and ground, and a voltage dividing network consisting of resistors 46 and 48 connected between the output terminal of amplifier 36 and ground for applying a feedback voltage to the inverting input. The circuit components have values to give this "low-pass" filter a cut-off frequency of about 1.2 KHz.
The signal produced at the output of amplifier 36 is capacitatively coupled to the "high-pass" section which consists of an operational amplifier 50, an RC network including resistors 52 and 54 and a capacitor 56, and a network of resistors 58 and 60 for applying a feedback signal to the inverting terminal of the amplifier. The values of the resistors and capacitors are chosen to give this"high-pass" section a cut-off frequency of about 600 Hz and the two-stage filter a pass band from about 600 Hz to about 1.2 KHz. The output signal from filter 26 is coupled via a capacitor 62 and a resistor 64 to the inverting input of summing amplifier 22.
High-frequency filter 28 has the same configuration as filter 26 and consists of operational amplifiers 66 and 68 and associated resistors and capacitors having values chosen to give the two-stage band-pass filter cut-off frequencies of about 1.7 KHz and 4.6 KHz. The respective passbands of the filters suitably overlap in the region of 1.5 KHz to prevent loss of any frequency components present in the input signal when the two filter outputs are combined.
The output signal from filter 28 is applied to the non-inverting input terminal of an operational transconductance amplifier 70, which may be integrated circuit Model CA3080, commercially available from RCA Corporation, the inverting input of which is connected through a resistor 72 to ground and the gain of which is controllable by a DC voltage applied to its control terminal 70a.
The ability to control certain characteristics of the treble signal makes it possible to address the common type of hearing impairment of extreme loss of high tones, which occurs even when there is no noise problem. That is to say, even in a quiet environment, because the loss of response to high tones, known as recruitment, reduces the dynamic range of the signal that the person can hear, it is necessary to raise the level of the high frequency components by an amount sufficient to compensate for the hearing loss before the person can even hear the signal. On the other hand, the level of output signals resulting from loud input signals desirably is limited so as never to become so loud as to be uncomfortable. In order to raise the level sufficiently to be heard by the hearing-impaired person without exceeding the person's loudness discomfort level, or tolerance level, the treble signal in channel 20 is compressed in order to accommodate to the person's limited useful dynamic range. Conceptually, to achieve this desired result the dynamic range of the treble signal is first compressed and then the level of the resultant compressed signal is boosted in gain to fit the signal into the person's available dynamic range. Individuals differ greatly, however, in perception threshold level as well in the sound level that they can comfortably tolerate; therefore, the available dynamic range available to a person having an extreme high frequency loss is very narrow, whereas a person with a less severe high frequency loss would have a wider available dynamic range. Therefore, the amount of compression to which the treble signal is subjected should be adjustable to satisfy the requirements of the individual user.
The high-frequency signal in the treble channel is compressed by amplifier 70, the gain of which is controlled by a DC voltage applied to its control terminal 70a which is produced by a control signal generating circuit in response to the alternating treble signal appearing at the output of filter 28. The control circuit includes an operational amplifier 80 connected to receive the treble signal at its non-inverting input and having a variable resistor 82 connected in the feedback path from its output to its inverting input for providing gain adjustment. The output of amplifier 80 is coupled via a coupling network including a capacitor 84 and a resistor 86 to the non-inverting input of a second operational amplifier 88 for further amplifying the treble signal and producing at its output terminal an amplified high-frequency signal having frequency components extending over the range from about 1.7 KHz to about 4.6 KHz. A DC signal for controlling the gain of amplifier 70 is produced by converting the alternating current signal appearing at the output of amplifier 88 to a DC voltage by a rectifier circuit including a diode 90 and a smoothing circuit including a capacitor 92 and a resistor 94 connected in series from the cathode of diode 90 to ground, and a resistor 96 connected in parallel with the series combination. The cathode of diode 90 is also connected via a resistor 98 to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier 88 and to the base electrode of PNP transistor 100 which serves to couple the DC signal to the control electrode 70a of amplifier 70. The emitter electrode of transistor 100 is maintained at a fixed voltage by a voltage regulator device 102 which functions like a Zener diode and may be the integrated circuit chip Model LM385 voltage regulator available from National Semiconductor, for example, connected in series with a resistor 104 between a source of positive potential, V+, represented by terminal 106, and ground. By maintaining the emitter voltage constant, the collector electrode responds only to variations in the level of the DC voltage applied to the base of the transistor. When the level of the rectified voltage applied to the base of transistor 100 increases, the collector voltage, being the difference between the fixed reference voltage and the voltage applied to the base electrode, decreases in a linear relationship, and when applied to the control terminal 70a causes the gain of amplifier 70 to decrease thereby compressing the treble signal. Conversely, a decrease in level of the voltage applied to the base of transistor 100 causes an increase in level of the control signal which, in turn, causes the gain of amplifier 70 to increase. Although the magnitude of the control signal varies linearly in inverse proportion with changes in the level of the rectified treble signal, the operation of amplifier 70 is such that its output does not change linearly but, instead, has a gain characteristic that is substantially parabolic in shape so as not to cause harmonic distortion in the amplified speech signal.
After the dynamic range of the treble signal has been compressed, the amount of compression being adjustable by the variable resistor 82, the output compressed treble signal, the level of which may be adjusted by a tone control potentiometer 74 to fit the signal into the range available to the individual user, is coupled via a capacitor 76 and a resistor 78 to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier 22 which adds it to the low-frequency signal passed by channel 16. Thus, the hearing-impaired person can alter the relative contribution of high- and low-frequency components to the signal produced at the output of amplifier 22. The tone control potentiometer 74 provides an approach to a solution to the common complaint of many hearing aid users "I can hear, but I can't understand" by raising the level of high frequency components of the speech signal relative to the lows until a threshold is reached where the listener hears enough speech clues to understand what is being said.
An important feature of the described compressor circuit is that it prevents loud bursts of sound or other transients from ever becoming so loud as to be uncomfortable to the hearing aid user. This is achieved by designing the RC smoothing network for diode 90 to have a very short attack time constant, of the order of one millisecond, so as to quickly respond to suppress the transient and to have a much longer release time constant, typically on the order of 100 milliseconds. If the release time is short relative to the time duration of a speech syllable, the circuit may suppress the beginning but not the rest of a syllable and possibly causing distortion of a crucial speech element. On the other hand, if the release time is too long an entire multi-syllable word, or perhaps several words, might be suppressed. Although a release time of 100 milliseconds has been found satisfactory, published research results suggest that the release time may be as short 60 milliseconds and as long as 150 milliseconds; thus, the release time is not critical.
The sum of the low-frequency signal from channel 18 and the compressed treble signal from channel 20 appearing at the output of summing amplifier 22 is coupled via a capacitor 110 and a volume control potentiometer 112 to the input of power amplifier 24, which has sufficient power-handling capability to drive a quality speaker 14 having a relatively wide dynamic range. Whereas all of the other integrated circuit chips in the system only drive the inputs of other chips and therefore require very little power in operation, the benefit of using a quality speaker can be realized only if it is driven with adequate power. Instead of the microwatts range of power required to drive the miniature speaker of an in-the-ear type of hearing aid, the speaker contemplated for use in the present circuit, such as the currently available stereophonic in-the-ear type used with the Sony "Walkman" device, for example, requires driving power in the range from 30 to 50 milliwatts. Therefore, power amplifier 24, which may be integrated circuit Model 386N manufactured by National Semiconductor, must be capable of raising the power level of the small signal delivered by amplifier 22 to a level sufficient to drive speaker 14 without distortion. Potentiometer 112 serves as the volume control for the hearing aid and, as indicated by the dashed line, is associated with an ON/OFF switch 114 for the power supply, schematically illustrated as a 9-volt battery 116 having its positive terminal connected via switch 114 to terminal 106.
Referring now to FIG. 3, for maximum realization of the advantages of the invention, the circuit of FIG. 2, less the speaker 14, is preferably packaged in a box-like container 120 of a size suitable for carrying in a shirt pocket or to be clipped to a belt. For general-use convenience, the unit has a built-in microphone 10, and also has a conventional microphone jack 34 to permit plugging in other types of microphones. The built-in microphone together with the noise control provided by circuit 16 would usually be satisfactory for normal circumstances and social conditions, such as in a group eating at a restaurant or similar social gathering. However, if ambient noise should become intensive, or the conversation of people surrounding the hearing-impaired person begins to mask the speech of the person with whom he is conversing, the user may, if desired, plug in an alternative, more directional, microphone which can be either focused at or placed nearer to the speaker, so as to increase the level of the received signal and at the same time screen out signals arriving from other directions. Or, if a hearing-impaired person sitting at one end of a long conference table wishes to hear voices of conferees at the other end of the table, he can plug in a commercially available supplemental microphone having its own built-in power supply and capable of picking up sounds from considerable distances. Such a supplemental microphone could also be used at the movies or the theatre to enable the hearing-impaired to hear as well as see the performance. Also, a commercially available magnetic pick-up of the kind adapted for attachment to a telephone handset plugged in to the microphone jack 34 would enable the hearing-impaired better to hear a telephone conversation than by putting the telephone earpiece to his ear. The described packaging of the hearing instrument provides an adaptability and flexibility totally lacking in the tiny OTE and ITE hearing aids.
The ON/OFF switch 114 and volume control 112, and the tone control 74, are actuated by respective thumb wheels preferably mounted on one end wall of the package. The package is sufficiently large to accommodate thumb wheels of a size to be conveniently operated by elderly persons who might also lack tactile dexterity.
A speaker jack 122, preferably of a type to accommodate stereo speakers, is provided on the other end wall for receiving a connector affixed to one end of a wire 124 of suitable length, preferably flesh-colored, for connecting the speaker 14 to the control circuit. Three holes 126, 128 and 130 in the end wall, below the speaker jack, provide screw driver access for infrequent adjustment of balance, compressor and pre-amp controls. The "balance" control, schematically shown in FIG. 2 as a variable resistor 15, is associated with the stereo jack and compensates for any difference in hearing levels of the two ears of the person being fitted with the hearing instrument. The "compressor"control adjusts variable resistor 82 (FIG. 2) to set the compression level of the compressor, and the "pre-amp"adjustment controls the gain of preamplified 12 and thus the level of the system to reduce the gain requirements of the power amplifier.
As an alternate to the packaging shown in FIG. 3, the disclosed control circuit can readily be packaged along with the circuitry of any of the commercially available portable radio receivers of the "Walkman" type, in the same housing, and providing a switch on the housing for selecting between the hearing aid function and the radio receiver function.
Although a currently preferred embodiment of the hearing instrument has been described, changes or modifications will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
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|Peter Schiller
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|Creative Technology Ltd
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|Sep 21, 2016
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|Vast Audio Pty Ltd
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|U.S. Classification
|381/317, 381/105, 381/107, 381/94.3, 381/320
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 17, 1990
|Certificate of correction
|Jan 6, 1993
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 6, 1993
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 24, 1993
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19930606


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Please enter the dates of your stay, number of rooms, and guests to see a list of available rooms.
Enjoy being close to the local Lowes, an area staple that brings many business travelers to our Littlefield, TX hotel, while experiencing the best in southern hospitality.
Guests come from around the country for Veterans Memorial, and those in town for South Plains College can expect a comfortable extended stay at our hotel in Littlefield, TX. Whether you're here as a medical tourist or you're teaching for a term, staying at the right property can make all the difference. We also cater to a number of business travelers here for a meeting with ACG or R&W Supply, and we know how important a fast commute is.
There is a microwave and refrigerator in every room, ideal for guests at our Littlefield, TX hotel who have a packed schedule. Adjoining rooms are available for groups, and we're close to dining options from fine fare to Texas barbeque. However, leave the most important meal of the day to us. A free breakfast gets you started on the right note, whether you have a day full of meetings or adventure.
The Blue Grass Jazz Festival is a beloved local event, and shopping at the United Shopping Center turns your passion into a sport. The Duggan House Museum is a must-see attraction nearby. Of course, nothing beats a day on the links at the Littlefield Golf Course, which is conveniently close to our property. Whether it's a company event at Broadcast Entertainment that brings you to this part of the Lone Star State or a family reunion, make room for a little leisure and sightseeing.
Each of the rooms at our hotel in Littlefield, TX is designed with your comfort in mind. Luxurious bedding and updated accommodations make for the perfect home away from home. With the friendliest staff in town, you'll feel welcome the moment you arrive, and it's easy to make the most of your trip when you're in a prime location.
Reserve your next stay at the Best Western Littlefield Inn & Suites now! Enjoy your stay.
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We planned to drive straight through to home but both of us were exhausted. When my husband saw the motel, he immediately turned in. We were greeted by a very clean and comfortable room. The bed was...READ FULL REVIEW
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Very professional and comfortable !!!Highly recommend! Clean and comfortable. Nice appearance, well appointed rooms. Breakfast is usually ready by six. Staff are willing to help solve any problems...READ FULL REVIEW
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BEEP, BISET PBXHE subscriber announces to his custo-JL mers and the public that he will continue to furnish a prime article Of Beef at the Sellar in the Walke Building on Monday evening, Tueeday morning, Thursday cver.-ing and Friday morning, reuularlv during the season. Customers also " wippliod with Veal and Lamb when desived. Thankful for past patronage he hopes by selling nothing Iwt the choicest meats to merit a continuance"of the-uame. may 23—tf THOS. J. CUNNINGHAM.
A House and Lot situated in, PikesviDe, the lot contains 2J acrds. The improvements are a . , . TWO-STORY LOG HOUSE, Log Shop, good stable and other necessary out-buildings, good fencing, and a variety ofchoice iruit Ireesr—Terms^one~~tbird cash, remainder in two equal payments.— Sale to commence at one o'clock . PETER ROUZER, September 7 —ts ' Assignee.
Vflfl CLESIVEfl (JLES HP HE subscriber offers at Private Sale a 3 LARGE STOCK of Second-hand, Shifting-top, No-top and Rockaway Buggies, also Spring Wagons, most of which are nearly as good ss new and gotten up in good •styleand v.ill be sold at reduced price3 on a credit of ?«/<« monliis Sept 14-«W JACOB ADAMS.
LUMBER, DUMBER, &c ITnhc subscriber has for sale Chestnut Shin-J_ glesPailingsPlastering LathsShingling laths, Pine Lumber from a half to one inch. All other sizes of Lumber furnisbtd to order. AlsoOak, Pine and CheXnut Wood by the load for sale on the ground. jggrHe has also Ice for sale . . April 23 tf. A. S. MONJT.
..., FOR S-A.LE riTOE subscriber offers for sale MORTIC-1 ED CHE3STJT POSTS for Post and Rail or Bailing fence. Also Locust Posts for either kind of fencing; He is also qrepared to supply the public with burnt Lime and Corn bv the quantity, " m.iv 11-M-f " »TPV«,tVrtW>:
LACE CURTAINS, with all the fixtures for putting up .RAG CARPETS constantly on hand and made to order ESySelling lower than any othcri'hotifl in the county. J(S£f Call and hear pfUfe". Greencastle, Doc. 1, 1870. *v
SHJSNI CfiLCS THE subscriber has now for sale a prime article of Chestnut Shingles^a supply of which he will continue to keep on hand.— He also offers for sale a second-hand Morning Glory Stove and a Morning Glory Heater—both in use but one season Sept ' 28-tf S. B. RIJTEHRT.
UOLIIBA fllUJB>£'€£N*: TkR. WlCKEY'S celebrated Cholera Mcd-MJ icine prepared by David M. Hoover of Ringgold, Md., can.be had, daring the season at F. Fowthman's Drug Store, and of dealers generally. l\avelling Agent , July 27,'71-6m. Henry Myebs.-
ASSIGNEE'S SALE OF A KOUSEAND LOT THE—undersigned Assignee of. George Leisinger, will sell at Public Sale, on the premises, on Saturday 14th of October
TOOMlSROfilNSO! DEALER IN FLOUR AND FEED STUFF
CASH! CASH jfTBEA^Family ~ FrcWT55730~Tos5,75 p<? ^Jbarrel and all ' kinds of Feed cheap fo cash. Cash, cash all the time September 7,—tf J. ELDEN.
A GREAT MEDICAL DISCOVER* . Dr. WAagREBtSOAxXBOSHXA yUEEG-AR BITTEES g£ Hundreds of Thousands ?£ # S* ^SCTMS.00 ^ Iff || | WHAT ARE THEY? |gg <w j I "fir P^ lJi^B? I gH[ ~ PJ|8 %%i Ofg rjETABE NOTAVILB g£& bsFANCY DRlNK.il? H*.jor X-oor Uiid), Wbilkey, Fraur Bpiritri ccd Ecfuso Liaaura doctored, apical andswcO ened to picnic tho taste, called" Tonics,"" Appctfc" etc," ¦¦ Restorers," ie., that lead the tljplcr on ta drunkenness end rulo.batoro o tmo Medicine, made from tlio Kctivo Roots and Herbs of California, free t'.iii:i nlTAIcohvlIc gtimulama. Tboyarotbc u::ba? elooo pchificii and jl LiEb G1VINU l'KINCIPI-E a perfect RcnoTator sail ' lavljorator of tho Eyitea, carrying off til palsonona natter aad rcotorlne the blood to a healthy tradition. —l\u iiui'suii can txke theflo Dlttcro tecordlntt to dlrcetlon asd remain lone unwell. £1<JO wlUto Elvcnforni lncnrablo case, srovldcc tho bones era not destroyed by mineral pattern or other means, and tho vital orsana...


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4 Bedroom Semi Detached House For Sale
Heyes Lane, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, SK9
Located in a popular position a short walk from central Alderley Edge this extended four double bedroom family home offers larger thananticipated accommodation that has been sympathetically refurbished whilst taking care to maintain a wealth of period features. Worthy...
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cycleboredomAt the intersection of Gravel & Grind.
- cara_schrockYou're not far!
- crusty_p_o_vLurve it!!
- cycleboredom@caraschrock I'm too tired to ride out to see you though! 😜
- cara_schrockWorst friend ever! 😝 One of these days soon I will come visit you, we can coordinate kid-free time.
- cycleboredom@caraschrock Definitely!
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- Worldwide Rank #98,358,734
- Follower/Following Ratio 0.52
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北口 未夢 Twitter Stats
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北口 未夢 Tweets
@0113Rara has posted 0 tweets in the last 12 days, which translates to an average of 0 tweets per day.
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Mutton & Curry Leaves Biryani | How To Make Mutton & Curry Leaves Biryani (40 likes)
- By Preeti Tamilarasan|10
Last updated on Feb 20th
How To Make Mutton & Curry Leaves Biryani
Mutton & Curry Leaves Biryani is a South Indian style special biryani recipe. It doesn't contain garam masala or biryani masala. This biryani is loaded with the flavors of curry leaves and my special kongu style coriander powder.
- Prep Time10mins
- Cook Time45mins
- Serves2People
Key ingredients for Mutton & Curry Leaves Biryani
How to make Coconut Milk
Ingredients to make Mutton & Curry Leaves Biryani
- 250 gms mutton / lamb meat
- 1 and 1/2 seeraga samba rice (or) basmati rice - soaked in water for 20 mins
- 1/2 tbsp ginger-garlic paste
- 2 cup coconut milk
- 1/2 tsp turmeric powder
- 1/2 tsp black pepper powder
- 4 tsp kongu style coriander powder
- 1/2 cup mint leaves
- 1/2 cup chopped coriander leaves
- 2 tbsp curd / yogurt
- 20-30 curry leaves
- 3 dry red chilies
- 2 green chilies
- 1 medium sized onion - chopped
- Juice from 1 lemon
- Salt to taste
- 4 tbsp groundnut oil
Steps to make Mutton & Curry Leaves Biryani
- Marinate the mutton with turmeric powder and keep aside. Heat 1 tbsp oil in a pan or kadai. Add broken red chilies and curry leaves. Stir well. Add chopped onions and green chilies. Cook for few mins and remove from the heat. Allow it to cool, then blend these ingredients together.
- Heat 3 tbsp oil in a pressure cooker. Add marinated mutton and cook for a minute on low flame. Add mint and coriander leaves and stir well. Add ginger-garlic paste and stir well, then add the ground paste and mix everything well. Add curd and 2 tsp coriander powder.
- Pressure cook for 10 whistles on a low-medium flame. Remove from the heat and allow to cool. Place it again on the stove and add coconut milk. Now, adjust the quantity of water. (For the seeraga samba or basmati rice, the proportion is 2:1)
- Let it boil. Now, add rice, lemon juice and salt to taste. Mix everything well together and cook it covered with a plate for 8 mins on a low-medium flame.
- Now, place this cooker on top of a iron tava. Let it cook on dum for another 20 mins on a low flame.
- Serve hot for best taste.
Tensy Bedi a year ago
Biryani is one of my favourite dishes - this looks good.
Sheeba Bedi a year ago
Wow, looks simply amazing dear!
Rate it!
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The Nigerian Army has requested for banks to install Automated Teller Machines, ATM, in the immediate vicinity of Army personnel fighting Boko Haram insurgents.
The call was made by the General Officer Commanding, GOC, 7 Division, Brig. Gen. Victor Ezugwu at a Civil-Military Forum in Maiduguri.
General Victor said he'd received complaints by the public that Army personnel jump queues whenever they visit ATM machines in the city.
He said the army had written several letters to banks to deploy ATM machines to barracks without much success.
Read Also: It is showdown for anyone attacking Buhari — Northern Youth Leaders Assembly.
"We have been battling with the issue of lack of ATM in the barracks for the use of soldiers in the front line zone.
"I have written letters to the banks over seven months ago for them to deploy the ATM at the Maimalari Cantonment for soldiers use, but there is no response yet.
"I want to urge everybody here, especially traditional rulers, to help put pressure on the banks so that they can give us ATM at the barracks and allow you to use the ones in town.
"We are aware of the fact that everybody needs the ATM at one point or another.
Read Also: Northern Senators forum: "We will go our separate ways if fulani…"
"A soldier carrying 12 ATM cards at a time must have brought his colleagues' cards from the front line to take money and send to their families all over Nigeria.
"We have areas where there is no network.
"Hence, it is only through the ATM that the soldiers can send money home to their families," General Victor said.
Ezugwu appealed for more understanding from the residents pending when the ATM would be provided by the banks at the barracks.
Recall that Boko Haram had over ran several barracks in the past. The banks may be feet dragging due to security issues.