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Infección diseminada crónica con abscesos cerebralesmúltiples por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Chronic disseminated infection with multiple cerebralabscesses caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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Marcelo Corti
Full Text Available La paracoccidioidomicosis es una micosis sistémica, endémica de áreas tropicales y subtropicales de América Central y del Sur, causada por un hongo dimorfo denominado Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. El compromiso del sistema nervioso central es una rara complicación de la forma diseminada crónica de la enfermedad y puede comprometer el cerebro, el cerebelo, el tronco cerebral y la médula espinal. La forma clínica más común de la neuroparacoccidioidomicosis es el granuloma o absceso cerebral y, con menos frecuencia, la meningoencefalitis crónica. Se presenta un paciente con diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis diseminada crónica con múltiples lesiones cerebrales compatibles con abscesos. La biopsia estereotáxica seguida del estudio histopatológico y microbiológico del material obtenido de las lesiones permitió observar las levaduras redondeadas con los brotes característicos de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic systemic disease in subtropical areas of Central and South America caused by a dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Central nervous system involvement is a rare complication of the chronic disseminated disease that can affect the brain, cerebellum, brainstem and the spinal cord. The most frequent clinical form of neuroparacoccidiodomycosis is the cerebral abscess; with less frequency, the disease presents as a diffuse chronic meningoencephalitis. Here we present a patient with diagnosis of disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis and multiple cerebral lesions compatible with abscesses. Stereotactic biopsy followed by the microbiological and histopathological examination of the smears showed the characteristic yeast cells that confirmed the diagnosis of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis.
Absceso recidivante por Nocardia asteroides en una paciente portadora de poliglobulia primaria Recurrent brain abscess caused by Nocardia asteroides in a patient with primary polycythaemia
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Carlos Aboal
Full Text Available La nocardiosis del sistema nervioso central (SNC es una enfermedad poco común, cuya frecuencia ha aumentado con el crecimiento de los tratamientos inmunosupresores. El hombre se infecta por inhalación, inoculación traumática cutánea directa y tras una infección periodontal ingiriendo alimentos contaminados. La localización pulmonar es la más frecuente, siendo la fuente inicial de diseminación hemática, con predominio en piel, tejido celular subcutáneo y SNC. Es conocida la predilección de Nocardia por el SNC. Estos abscesos, asociados a altos índices de mortalidad, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, siguen constituyendo un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico, permaneciendo no aclarado su manejo terapéutico óptimo. A pesar de la controversia en cuanto al manejo quirúrgico de estas lesiones, el diagnóstico precoz, por aspiración esterotáxica, y la iniciación de una terapia antimicrobiana son esenciales para la buena evolución del paciente. Se presenta una paciente portadora de una poliglobulia primaria, con absceso cerebral recidivante por Nocardia asteroides de posible origen dentario.Nocardiosis of the central nervous system (CNS is an uncommon disease, but its frequency has increased due to the high number of immunosuppressive treatments. People become infected by inhalation, direct traumatic cutaneous inoculation and eating contaminated food after a periodontal abscess. Lung localization is the most frequent one, being the origin of haematic dissemination, with a high incidence in skin, subcutaneous tissue and the CNS. The preference of Nocardia for the CNS is well-known. These abscesses are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, since they are associated to high mortality rates, specially in immunocompromised patients; the best therapeutic management remains unclear. In spite of the existing controversy with regard to the surgical management of these lesions, an early diagnosis through stereotactic
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Claudia Brieva
Full Text Available Los abscesos son anomalías comunes en los conejos. Consisten en un acumulo de pus en el subcutis, rodeado por una cápsula gruesa de tejido inflamatorio, muchas veces como resultado de una infección bacteriana. Pueden establecerse en órganos como la piel, la cavidad oral, las encías y los huesos; ubicándose principalmente en la cara. Frecuentemente están involucrados agentes bacterianos como Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomona sp. y algunos anaerobios como Actinomyces sp., Clostridium sp., Bacterioides sp. y Fusobacterium sp.
Claudia Brieva; O F Naranjo; C.Vásquez; J R Patiño
Los abscesos son anomalías comunes en los conejos. Consisten en un acumulo de pus en el subcutis, rodeado por una cápsula gruesa de tejido inflamatorio, muchas veces como resultado de una infección bacteriana. Pueden establecerse en órganos como la piel, la cavidad oral, las encías y los huesos; ubicándose principalmente en la cara. Frecuentemente están involucrados agentes bacterianos como Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomona sp. y algunos anaerobios como Ac...
Bacteriemia y absceso hepático causado por Yersinia enterocolitica Bacteremia and hepatic abscess caused by Yersinia enterocolitica
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A. Navascués
Full Text Available Yersinia enterocolitica es un cocobacilo gram negativo de amplia distribución mundial cuyo reservorio natural se encuentra en una gran variedad de animales. La transmisión a los humanos se realiza principalmente a través de la vía fecal-oral aunque también se han descrito casos de transmisión a través de transfusiones sanguíneas. Su aislamiento se realiza habitualmente dentro de un cuadro gastrointestinal y rara vez produce trastornos extraintestinales como bacteriemia, abscesos, manifestaciones cutáneas, etc. Éstos se han asociado a diferentes enfermedades de base como alteraciones del metabolismo del hierro, diabetes mellitus, alcoholismo, malnutrición, tumores, terapia inmunosupresora y cirrosis. Presentamos el caso de un paciente diabético que desarrolló bacteriemia asociada a abscesso hepático por Yersinia enterocolitica.Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is distributed world-wide and whose natural reservoire is found in a great variety of animals. Transmission to humans mainly occurs through the faecal-oral path although cases have been described of transmission through blood transfusions. It is isolated within a gastro-intestinal clinical picture and it rarely produces extra-intestinal disorders such as bacteraemia, abscesses, cutaneous signs, etc. The latter have been associated with different underlying diseases such as alterations of the iron metabolism, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, malnutrition, tumours, immunosuppressant therapy and cirrhosis. We present the case of a diabetic patient who developed bacteraemia associated with hepatic abscess due to Yersinia enterocolitica.
Absceso hepático asociado a absceso pulmonar y endoftalmitis
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Jairo Cordero-Chen
Full Text Available El absceso hepático piógeno producido por Klebsiella pneumoniae es relativamente raro y puede complicarse con lesiones sépticas a distancia. Esto se relaciona con características propias del germen que incluyen el genotipo K1, resistencia a la fagocitosis y la presencia del gen mag-A. Tales metástasis sépticas contemplan absceso pulmonar, meningitis, endocarditis bacteriana y, muy especialmente, endoftalmitis. Esta última ocurre con mayor frecuencia en pacientes diabéticos, y puede causar ceguera. Se reporta caso de absceso hepático por K. pneumoniae asociado a absceso pulmonar y endoftalmitis, y se revisa epidemiología, fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la entidad.
Absceso de Muslo, Sepsis y Embarazo
Nadir Peggy Ortíz Samur; Patricia Elizabeth Ortuño Lazarte; Suleydi Paniagua Sanchez; Gastón Araníbar
Las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos son, junto con las infecciones de las vías respiratorias, las infecciones más frecuentes en clínica humana. Los gérmenes normalmente implicados son el Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomona Aeruginosa y Enterococcus. De forma ocasional pueden formarse abscesos como resultado de la celulitis. Algunas complicaciones raras, pero graves incluyen la producción de fascitis necrotizante y bacteriemia. La celulitis causada por microorganismos Gr...
Absceso de Muslo, Sepsis y Embarazo
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Nadir Peggy Ortíz Samur
Full Text Available Las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos son, junto con las infecciones de las vías respiratorias, las infecciones más frecuentes en clínica humana. Los gérmenes normalmente implicados son el Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomona Aeruginosa y Enterococcus. De forma ocasional pueden formarse abscesos como resultado de la celulitis. Algunas complicaciones raras, pero graves incluyen la producción de fascitis necrotizante y bacteriemia. La celulitis causada por microorganismos Gram negativos generalmente ocurre a través de una fuente cutánea en un paciente inmunodeprimido, pero también puede desarrollarse a través de bacteriemia.A continuación presentamos el caso de una mujer de 17 años de edad, primigesta con 19 semanas de gestación, sin antecedente traumático, ni puerta de entrada evidenciable que ingresa por dolor intenso en muslo derecho, edematizado y con imposibilidad de movilización, compatible con celulitis, formación de absceso y sepsis. Se latrato según protocolo para el cuadro séptico, una vez identificado el absceso se realiza drenaje quirúrgico y antibioticoterapiapara Escherichia Coli.
Absceso cerebral en paciente con Enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber: Revisión del síndrome a partir de un caso ilustrativo Brain abscess in patient with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease: Revision of the syndrome from an illustrative case
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C. Arcos Sánchez
Full Text Available Introducción: La Enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber o telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (THH está considerada como una causa rara de ictus en paciente joven. Asimismo la presencia de malformaciones arteriovenosas pulmonares (MAVP se ha relacionado con la aparición de abscesos cerebrales. Método: Descripción del caso de una paciente de 52 años que, en el contexto de un ataque de migraña, presenta una pérdida de fuerza en hemicuerpo izquierdo acompañada de afectación de la sensibilidad tactoalgésica, progresivas. En la evolución observamos disminución del nivel de conciencia y signos de hipertensión intracraneal secundarios edema por la presencia de un absceso cerebral causado por un embolismo séptico paradójico debido a la existencia de MAVP. Resultados: A través de la realización de una exhaustiva historia clínica se llega al diagnóstico de THH confirmado mediante los estudios genéticos, describiéndose una deleción completa, mediante técnica de MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification, de uno de los alelos del gen de la Endoglina (ENG. Conclusión: La Enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber, aunque infrecuente, debe considerarse en la etiología de los abscesos cerebrales en pacientes con historia de fistulas pulmonares. El seguimiento de los pacientes con THH es importante para minimizar el riesgo de aparición de procesos potencialmente graves. Aunque el diagnóstico sigue basándose en los criterios clínicos, los estudios moleculares pueden confirmar la presencia de mutaciones genéticas relacionadas con la enfermedad.Introduction: Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (THH is considered as a rare cause of stroke in young people. Also pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (MAVP are related to brain abscess. Method: We describe the case of a 52 years old female patient that, during a migraine attack, suffers a progressive onset of weakness in left body with numbness. In
Cerebral aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in AIDS patient: first culture - proven case reported in Brazil Aspergilosis cerebral causada por Aspergillus fumigatus en paciente con SIDA: primer reporte de caso demostrado por cultivo en Brasil
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José E. Vidal
Full Text Available Cerebral aspergillosis is a rare cause of brain expansive lesion in AIDS patients. We report the first culture-proven case of brain abscess due to Aspergillus fumigatus in a Brazilian AIDS patient. The patient, a 26 year-old male with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection and history of pulmonary tuberculosis and cerebral toxoplasmosis, had fever, cough, dyspnea, and two episodes of seizures. The brain computerized tomography (CT showed a bi-parietal and parasagittal hypodense lesion with peripheral enhancement, and significant mass effect. There was started anti-Toxoplasma treatment. Three weeks later, the patient presented mental confusion, and a new brain CT evidenced increase in the lesion. He underwent brain biopsy, draining 10 mL of purulent material. The direct mycological examination revealed septated and hyaline hyphae. There was started amphotericin B deoxycholate. The culture of the material demonstrated presence of the Aspergillus fumigatus. The following two months, the patient was submitted to three surgeries, with insertion of drainage catheter and administration of amphotericin B intralesional. Three months after hospital admission, his neurological condition suffered discrete changes. However, he died due to intrahospital pneumonia. Brain abscess caused by Aspergillus fumigatus must be considered in the differential diagnosis of the brain expansive lesions in AIDS patients in Brazil.La aspergilosis cerebral es una causa rara de lesión expansiva cerebral en pacientes con SIDA. Presentamos el primer reporte de un absceso cerebral causado por Aspergillus fumigatus en un paciente brasileño con SIDA. El paciente, de 26 años de edad, presentaba antecedentes de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH, tuberculosis pulmonar y toxoplasmosis cerebral. Manifestó fiebre, tos, disnea y dos episódios de convulsiones. La tomografía computadorizada (TC demostró una lesión hipodensa parasagital y bi-parietal con
Espondilodiscitis y absceso epidural candidiásico Candida spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess
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Gisela Di Stilio
Full Text Available La espondilodiscitis candidiásica asociada a absceso epidural es una enfermedad de aparición excepcional. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con linfoma de Hodgkin en tratamiento quimioterápico que desarrolló candidiasis sistémica complicada con espondilodiscitis y absceso epidural por dicho germen.Candida spondylodiscitis associatd with epidural abscess is rarely seen. We present a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma who received chemotherapy and developed systemic Candida infection, which was complicated by Candida spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess.
Abscesso do músculo psoas em paciente submetida à analgesia por via peridural: relato de caso Absceso del músculo psoas en paciente sometida a analgesia por vía peridural: relato del caso Psoas muscle abscess after epidural analgesia: case report
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Durval Campos Kraychete
Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O abscesso do músculo psoas é uma complicação rara da analgesia peridural. O manuseio adequado dessa intercorrência é fundamental para uma boa resolução do quadro clínico. O objetivo deste relato foi discutir o diagnóstico e o tratamento do abscesso do músculo psoas. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 65 anos, com dor neuropática nos membros inferiores de difícil controle com medicamentos por via sistêmica. Optou-se pela administração de opióide e anestésico local por via peridural como alternativa analgésica. Vinte dias após o uso contínuo da via peridural, a paciente começou a apresentar dor na região lombar, cefaléia e febre. A tomografia computadorizada da pelve revelou abscesso do músculo psoas, sendo indicada drenagem fechada e antibioticoterapia. CONCLUSÕES: A supervisão minuciosa do paciente é necessária e deve ser contínua quando um cateter peridural for colocado. Essa vigilância deve ser mantida após a sua retirada.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El absceso del músculo psoas es una complicación rara de la analgesia peridural. El manoseo adecuado de esa situación intercurrente es fundamental para una buena resolución del cuadro clínico. El objetivo de este relato fue discutir el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del absceso del músculo psoas. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente del sexo femenino, 65 años, con dolor neuropático en los miembros inferiores de difícil control con medicamentos por vía sistémica. Se optó por la administración de opioide y anestésico local por vía peridural como alternativa analgésica. Veinte días después del uso continuo de la vía peridural, la paciente empezó a presentar dolor en la región lumbar, cefalea y fiebre. La tomografía computadorizada de la pelvis reveló absceso del músculo psoas, siendo indicado el drenado cerrado y antibioticoterapia. CONCLUSIONES: La supervisión minuciosa del paciente es necesaria y debe ser continua cuando
Muerte cerebral causada por consumo de psicofármacos
Iglesias Rozas, José Rafael, 1942-
Tres imágenes de una biopsia de un cerebro en estado de muerte cerebral causada por consumo de psicofármacos. Three pictures of a biopsy of a brain that has died because of consumption of psychoactive drugs.
Absceso intramedular en paciente con enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber Spinal abscess in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Lorena V. Maldonado; Elías D. Soloaga; Miguel A. Veltri; Felipe J. Chertcoff; Jorge E Ubaldini
La enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber es una enfermedad autosómica dominante que se manifiesta por telangiectasias en piel y mucosas y malformaciones arteriovenosas en diversos órganos. El compromiso neurológico puede ocurrir por la presencia de malformaciones arterio-venosas cerebrales, hemorragia intracraneal, y más habitualmente por accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos y abscesos cerebrales secundarios a embolia paradojal, en pacientes con malformaciones arteriovenosas pulmonares. El absce...
Síndrome febril persistente secundario a abscesos cerebrales: una rara complicación de la meningococemia
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A. Ruiz-Serrato
Full Text Available La enfermedad meningocócica se produce por la diseminación hematógena de Neisseria meningitidis. Hasta en un 20% de los casos se produce una sepsis meningocócica, meningitis en un 50% y en menor proporción otras afecciones como neumonía, artritis, uretritis, conjuntivitis o pericarditis, siendo los abscesos cerebrales una complicación excepcional.
Soft tissue abscess and lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium Complex as an expression of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after a second scheme of highly active antiretroviral therapy Linfadenitis y absceso subcutáneo por Complejo Mycobacterium avium como manifestación de síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmune luego de un segundo esquema de terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad
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Marcelo Corti
Full Text Available Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS is an atypical and unexpected reaction related to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infected patients. IRIS includes an atypical response to an opportunistic pathogen (generally Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, cytomegalovirus and herpes varicella-zoster, in patients responding to HAART with a reduction of plasma viral load and evidence of immune restoration based on increase of CD4+ T-cell count. We reported a case of a patient with AIDS which, after a first failure of HAART, developed a subcutaneous abscess and supraclavicular lymphadenitis as an expression of IRIS due to Mycobacterium avium complex after starting a second scheme of HAART.El síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmune (SIRI es una reacción atípica e inesperada relacionada con el tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH. El SIRI representa una respuesta inflamatoria frente a un patógeno oportunista (generalmente Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Complejo Mycobacterium avium, citomegalovirus y herpes varicela-zóster en pacientes que responden a la TARGA con una marcada reducción de la carga viral en plasma y evidencia de una recuperación inmunológica expresada por el incremento de los niveles de linfocitos T CD4+. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida que desarrolló un absceso subcutáneo en muslo derecho y una adenitis supraclavicular izquierda como manifestación de SIRI por Complejo Mycobacterium avium luego del inicio de un segundo esquema de TARGA.
Cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS - computerized tomography evaluation; Toxoplasmose cerebral na SIDA - avaliacao por tomografia computadorizada
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Alves, Regina Coeli Fonseca [Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro. Servico de Radiologia; Narchiori, Edson [Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Radiologia
Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a disease that affects many AIDS's patients. FOr this paper 46 patients with confirmed cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis who did a CT scan between March, 1994 and September, 1997 were examined. Single lesions were found in 28.3% of the patients. The lesions were more frequently detected in the basal ganglia and the frontal lobes. No lesion was larger than 4 cm. As regards the contrast enhancing of the lesions on a CT scan we observed that 54.5% of the lesions had a ring-like contrast enhancing, 36.4% had a nodular contrast enhancing and 6% had a heterogeneous form. After the 21st day of treatment we noticed an improvement in the aspect of the patients'lesions. The improvement of the lesions could be seen through a reduction of the edematous halo, a reduction of the lesion size and a modification in the contrast enhancing on the CT scan. The CT scan was an important method to demonstrate the lesions compatibility enhancing on the CT scan. The CT scan was an important method to demonstrate the lesions compatibility with cerebral toxoplasmosis, as well as to monitor these patients during treatment. (author)
Absceso retrofaringeo como complicación de mononucleosis infecciosa
Roldán Fidalgo, Amaya; Laguna Ortega, David; Pinilla Urraca, Mayte; Rodríguez Valiente, Antonio; Velasco Martínez, María Eugenia; Martínez Ruíz-Coello, Antonio; Ramos Martínez, Antonio
[ES] Se describe un caso de absceso retrofaríngeo como complicación de mononucleosis infecciosa. Paciente adolescente que acudió al servicio de urgencias de nuestro hospital con una masa de crecimiento progresivo retrofaríngeo y cervical que comprometió la vía aérea y requirió intervención quirúrgica bajo anestesia general para su correcto drenaje y control. El diagnostico de mononucleosis infecciosa fue clínico y serológico. La tomografía computerizada (TC) cervical permitió objetivar ...
Abscesos pleurales producidos por Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus spp. beta-hemolítico como secuela de pleuroneumonía en un caballo: Reporte de un caso Abscessos pleurais causados por Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus spp. beta-hemolítico no rescaldo de pleuropneumonia em um cavalo.: Relato de um caso Pleural abscesses produced by Staphylococcus aureus and beta-haemolytic Streptococcus spp. as a sequel of pleuropneumonia in a horse: A case report
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Jorge U Carmona
Full Text Available Los abscesos pleurales son una complicación frecuente en caballos con pleuroneumonía. Su tratamiento resulta difícil, requiere tiempo y dinero. Un caballo criollo argentino, castrado, de 13 años de edad presentó una pleuroneumonía grave que posteriormente se complicó con abscesos pleurales. El uso de anti-inflamatorios no esteroidales (fenilbutazona, una antibioterapia agresiva (ceftiofur, ampicilina y gentamicina, el drenaje eco-guiado y el lavado de los abscesos con una solución de yodopovidona al 0.05% permitió la recuperación exitosa del paciente de este reporte.Os abscessos pleurais são uma complicação comum em cavalos com pleuropneumonia. Seu tratamento é difícil e requer tempo e dinheiro. Um cavalo crioulo argentino, castrado, 13 anos de idade apresentou uma grave pleuropneumonia que posteriormente se tornou complicado com abscesso pleural. O uso de não-esteróides antiinflamatórios (fenilbutazona, uma agressiva terapia antibiótica (cetfiofur, ampicilina e gentamicina, eu drenagem eco-guiado e da lavagem dos abscessos com uma solução de yodopovidona de 0.05%, permitiu o sucesso da recuperação do paciente deste relato de caso.Pleural abscesses are a frequent complication in horses with pleuropneumonia. Their treatment is not easy, and requires time and it is expensive. A 13 years old creole argentine gelding presented a severe pleuropneumonia subsequently complicated with pleural abscess. The use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (fenylbutazone, an aggressive antibiotherapy (ceftiofur, ampicillin, and gentamicin, echoguide drainage and lavage with yodopovidone to 0.05% of the abscesses permitted the successful recuperation of the patient of this case report.
Sentimentos vivenciados por fisioterapeutas no atendimento a pessoas com paralisia cerebral Physiotherapist's feelings on attending people with cerebral palsy
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Dinael Corrêa de Campos
Full Text Available Considerando que os estudos sobre a relação profissional de saúde e cliente contribuíram para o surgimento da proposta do modelo humanizado de atendimento, esta pesquisa investigou os possíveis sentimentos de fisioterapeutas em relação ao atendimento de pessoas com paralisia cerebral, já que esta condição, a paralisia cerebral, é considerada sem cura pela medicina e com possibilidades de melhora diretamente vinculadas aos exercícios fisioterapêuticos. Utilizando um instrumento contendo perguntas abertas, foram realizadas entrevistas com fisioterapeutas que atendem aos casos com sequelas mais graves: ausência total da linguagem verbal e comprometimentos motores que levam os pacientes à situação de acamados. Mediante a análise de conteúdo, verificou-se que a paralisia cerebral é reconhecida pelos fisioterapeutas como um quadro neurológico e as limitações no alcance de resultados terapêuticos são vistas como normais. Assim, as mudanças, mesmo sendo reduzidas e obtidas em longo prazo, tornam o atendimento gratificante para os fisioterapeutas por representarem uma superação de desafios.Considering the studies about professional relation among health and clients contributted to arise the purposes about a humanized model of assistance. This research shows the physiotherapists' feelings on attending people with cerebral palsy, taking in accounting the cerebral palsy is presented by the medicine as a reverseless decease and having possibilities of changing entailed to the physiotherapy. By means of interviews and questionaries answered by physiotherapists, and using the contents of analysis, we can notice that the cerebral palsy is understood by the professional of physiotherapy like a neurological condition, so the limitations on reaching are noticed as normal. Thus, even the changes reduced in the long run, they make the attendance to be rewarding for the professional of physiotherapy, because these changes represent the
Rinoliquorréia e hidrocefalia por gliose do aqueduto cerebral
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Walter C. Pereira
Full Text Available É relatado um caso de hidrocefalia tardia, determinada por gliose do aqueduto cerebral, complicada com rinoliquorréia. A fístula do líquido cefalorraqueano se estabeleceu em conseqüência da erosão da sela turca pelo assoalho do 3.° ventriculo hipertenso e dilatado, determinando comunicação entre a cavidade ventricular e o seio esfenoidal. O paciente foi operado, tendo a fístula sido ocluída satisfatoriamente; previamente foi feita derivação ventrículo-peritoneal para evitar recidiva da hipertensão do sistema ventricular.
Análisis de biomarcadores de imagen por resonancia magnética en el infarto cerebral
Pedraza Gutiérrez, Salvador
El infarto cerebral es una enfermedad frecuente que provoca una gran morbilidad y mortalidad en nuestra sociedad. Por todo ello es importante aprobar tratamientos mejores que el actual (trombolisis endovenosa). En este sentido, se ha propuesto que los biomarcadores de imagen por Resonancia magnética podrían ser útiles para la validación de estos nuevos tratamientos futuros del infarto cerebral. Esta tesis recoge un proyecto de investigación sobre la validación de estos nuevos b...
Análisis de biomarcadores de imagen por resonancia magnética en el infarto cerebral
Pedraza Gutiérrez, Salvador
El infarto cerebral es una enfermedad frecuente que provoca una gran morbilidad y mortalidad en nuestra sociedad. Por todo ello es importante aprobar tratamientos mejores que el actual (trombolisis endovenosa). En este sentido, se ha propuesto que los biomarcadores de imagen por Resonancia magnética podrían ser útiles para la validación de estos nuevos tratamientos futuros del infarto cerebral. Esta tesis recoge un proyecto de investigación sobre la validación de estos nuevos biomarcadores de...
Participación del óxido nítrico durante el desarrollo del absceso hepático amebiano Nitric oxide participation during amoebic liver abscess development
Joel Ramírez-Emiliano; Lérida Liss Flores-Villavicencio; José Segovia; Sergio Arias-Negrete
El óxido nítrico participa en funciones fisiológicas y fisiopatológicas, así como en el mecanismo de defensa del sistema inmunológico de mamíferos contra parásitos, virus y bacterias. La Entamoeba histolytica es un parásito protozoario causante de la amebiasis, la cual se caracteriza por el daño intestinal y la formación del absceso hepático amebiano (AHA). El desarrollo del absceso hepático amebiano en el hámster es similar al que desarrolla el humano, mientras que el ratón es resistente a l...
Aislamiento de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente en abscesos de mama en una Maternidad Pública
Cristina Boccaccio; Virginia Verdaguer Babic; Liliana Botto; María M Cervetto; Silvia Cetani; Silvina Paladino; Roxana Conti; Antonio Lanzillota; Rosa Herrera; Dora Amarante
La mastitis y los abscesos de mama representan un factor de riesgo para el abandono de la lactancia. Se incluyen dentro de las infecciones de piel y partes blandas y comparten los cambios epidemiológicos que llevan a replantear el tratamiento empírico inicial. Se estudiaron 137 casos de abscesos de mama desde enero de 2007 a diciembre de 2011. Se analizó incidencia, días postparto, factores de riesgo, datos microbiológicos y tratamiento antibiótico. Desde 2007a 2011 se observó un constante au...
Un caso de infeccion humana por cisticerco racemoso cerebral de localizacion parenquimatosa en Valdivia, Chile A case of human cerebral infection by parenchymal racemose cysticercus in Valdivia, Chile
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Eduardo Ortega
Full Text Available Se presenta un caso clínico de infección por cisticerco racemoso cerebral de localización parenquimatosa en un paciente de la ciudad de Valdivia (Chile cuyo diagnóstico definitivo se efectuó a través del estudio morfológico del parásito. Se discute brevemente la escasa frecuencia de la localización parenquimatosa del cisticerco racemoso, así como su diagnóstico diferencial con otros estados larvarios de cestodos que desarrollan en el sistema nervioso.A clinical case of cerebral infection by parenchymal racemose cysticercus, diagnosed by means of morphological characteristics in a patient of Valdivia city is described. The rare frequency of parenquimal location of racemose cysticercus as well as its differential diagnosis with other larval stages of cestodes that develop in the brain and its treatment are discussed.
Goma o absceso tuberculoso metastásico como diagnóstico inicial de tuberculosis en un paciente inmunocompetente: una presentación inusual
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A. Marco
Full Text Available Fundamento y Objetivo: Los abscesos fríos tuberculosos o gomas son inusuales y producto de la diseminación hematógena de micobacterias latentes, formando abscesos en extremidades o tronco, generalmente sin compromiso de tejidos profundos.Se presenta un caso de goma como diagnóstico inicial de tuberculosis diseminada. Métodos: Caso estudiado en 2012 por los servicios médicos del centro penitenciario de Hombres de Barcelona y el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa. Se recogen los datos de la historia clínica, de los informes hospitalarios y de las pruebas complementarias practicadas. Resultados: Preso, 35 años, de Cabo Verde, residente en España desde los 4 años. IDR Mantoux positiva. Inmunocompetente. Por síndrome constitucional se programó estudio hospitalario. Exploración anodina, excepto palpación de masa en región lumbar. La punción aspirativa fue positiva para M. tuberculosis mediante PCR y cultivo Lowenstein. La TC mostró nódulos pulmonares, apical D cavitado y en LSD. Tras aislamiento respiratorio, tratamiento antituberculoso y excelente evolución fue dado de alta con diagnóstico de tuberculosis diseminada. Discusión: Se recomienda vigilar lesiones que, aunque infrecuentes, pueden ser secundarias a infección por M tuberculosis, especialmente en población inmunocomprometida y en inmigrantes procedentes de zonas hiperendémicas de tuberculosis.
Aislamiento de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente en abscesos de mama en una Maternidad Pública
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Cristina Boccaccio
Full Text Available La mastitis y los abscesos de mama representan un factor de riesgo para el abandono de la lactancia. Se incluyen dentro de las infecciones de piel y partes blandas y comparten los cambios epidemiológicos que llevan a replantear el tratamiento empírico inicial. Se estudiaron 137 casos de abscesos de mama desde enero de 2007 a diciembre de 2011. Se analizó incidencia, días postparto, factores de riesgo, datos microbiológicos y tratamiento antibiótico. Desde 2007a 2011 se observó un constante aumento de la incidencia de casos: 0.19 vs. 0.84% (p < 0.001. Días postparto de aparición del absceso 41.9 ± 35.8 días (Media ± DE, primiparidad 70.6%. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentemente encontrados fueron grietas del pezón e ingurgitación mamaria (95%. Staphylococcus aureus (SA fue el responsable de 82.3 a 95.0% de los abscesos según los años; la resistencia a oxacilina de las cepas de SA superó el 60%. Las cepas aisladas de SA meticilino resistentes (SAMR fueron sensibles a eritromicina clindamicina, gentamicina, rifampicina, ciprofloxacina y trimetroprima-sulfametoxasol en diferentes porcentajes según los años. Requirieron drenaje el 100% de los casos; en 60% el tratamiento empírico inicial fue inadecuado. Continuaron amamantando 90% de las madres. Estos datos enfatizan la necesidad de prevenir los factores de riesgo: grietas del pezón e ingurgitación mamaria. La modificación del tratamiento antibiótico inicial requiere el estudio bacteriológico de las infecciones de piel y partes blandas dado que la prevalencia de SAMR no es uniforme y varía en diferentes poblaciones y ubicaciones geográficas.
Descripción de casos de absceso pectoral crónico y análisis de algunas variables asociadas a su presentación en equinos de la Provincia de Ñuble, Chile Case descriptions of chronic pectoral abscess and variables associated with its occurrence in equines, in the Ñuble Province, Chile
P Gädicke; G Azócar; Ocaña, M
El absceso pectoral crónico (APC) es una enfermedad infecciosa de tipo estacional, que afecta a los equinos, causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en 31 predios de la Provincia de Nuble que denunciaron casos de APC al Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) desde noviembre de 1999 hasta abril de 2000. Se recolectó información individual y de manejo de todos los equinos de los predios que reportaron casos, mediante un cuestionario elaborado por el...
Tuberculoma cerebral Cerebral tuberculoma
Relata-se o caso de paciente com crises convulsivas de início recente. A tomografia computadorizada cerebral evidenciou imagem sugestiva de lesão expansiva metastática frontoparietal direita. A investigação de tumor primário ou outra doença foi negativa e o exame histopatológico do tecido cerebral diagnosticou tuberculoma. As convulsões foram controladas com a associação de hidantoína 300mg/dia ao esquema específico, utilizado por 18 meses. A tuberculose do sistema nervoso central representa ...
Infarto cerebral secundario a trombosis de la carótida interna por traumatismo cervical Cerebral infarction secondary to internal carotid thrombosis following cervical trauma
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A. Rico
Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de una trombosis postraumática de la arteria carótida interna en un varón de 33 años, tras recibir un golpe con un balón en el cuello. La muerte se produjo 10 días después del golpe como consecuencia de un cuadro de hipertensión intracraneal y herniación cerebral secundaria a infarto isquémico extenso que afectaba a todo el territorio de la arteria cerebral media derecha, tanto superficial como profundo.In this paper, a case of post-traumatic thrombosis in the internal carotid artery after a blow with a ball in the neck of a 33-year-old male is presented. The death came 10 days after the coup as a result of intracranial hypertension and cerebral herniation secondary to ischemic infarction affecting the entire territory of the middle right cerebral artery, both superficial and profound. Macroscopic and microscopic findings that largely explain the mechanism of vascular injury with intimal dissection in the proximity of an atheroma plaque located above the carotid bifurcation are discussed.
Pyogenic versus amoebic liver abscesses: A comparative clinical study in a series of 58 patients Absceso hepático piógeno versus amebiano: Estudio clínico comparativo de una serie de 58 casos
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A. Cosme
pacientes. La mortalidad fue de 2 casos y la estancia media hospitalaria de 18 días. Conclusiones: en nuestra serie, las características clínicas que sugieren un origen piógeno son: la edad superior a 50 años, el sexo masculino, la diabetes y la bilirrubina y transaminasas moderadamente elevadas. En el amebiano, la edad menor de 45 años, la diarrea y la localización solitaria del absceso en el lóbulo derecho. La parasitación por E. histolytica se debe considerar en el diagnóstico diferencial de los abscesos hepáticos, incluso sin el antecedente epidemiológico de viajes o de inmigración.
Brain abscess by citrobacter diversus in infancy: case report Abscesso cerebral por Citrobacter diversus na infância: relato de caso
RUBENS FEFERBAUM; EDNA M. A. DINIZ; MARCELO VALENTE; CLÁUDIA R. GIOLO; RENATA A. VIEIRA; ANA L. S. GALVANI; MARIA E. J. CECCON; MARIA C. K. ARAUJO; Vera L. J. Krebs; Flávio A. C. Vaz
Citrobacter diversus is closely related to brain abscess in newborn infants. We describe a case of brain abscess by this bacteria in a newborn infant and his clinical and cranial computed tomographic evaluation until the fourth month of life and discuss therapeutic management of this patient.Citrobacter diversus é a bactéria mais associada a abscessos cerebrais durante o período neonatal. Descrevemos um caso de abscesso cerebral por esta bactéria em um recém-nascido e sua evolução clínica e t...
Absceso y flegmón periamigdalino ¿Lo estamos haciendo bien? Abscess and cellulitis peritonsillar ¿Are we doing it right?
César Gómez V; Edda Pruzzo Ch; Eduardo Reyes S; María de los Angeles Contreras R; José Miguel Contreras R; Viviana Vergara T
El flegmón (celulitis) y el absceso periamigdalino son infecciones difusas o una colección ubicada entre la cápsula fibrosa de la amígdala palatina, las fibras horizontales del músculo constrictor superior de la faringe y las verticales del músculo palatofaríngeo. Constituye la infección de tejidos y espacios profundos del cuello más frecuente. Material y método: Revisión retrospectiva de las fichas de pacientes adultos y niños hospitalizados con diagnóstico de absceso o flegmón periamigdalin...
Análise da tendência da mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral no Brasil no século XXI Analysis of the mortality trend due to cerebrovascular accident in Brazil in the XXI century
Célia Regina Garritano; Paula Mendes Luz; Maria Lucia Elias Pires; Maria Teresa Serrano Barbosa; Keila Moreira Batista
FUNDAMENTO: Embora seja mundialmente a segunda principal causa de óbitos, o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) vem apresentando uma importante redução das taxas de mortalidade nas últimas décadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tendência da taxa de mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral no Brasil, em ambos os sexos, a partir dos 30 anos de idade, entre 2000 e 2009. MÉTODOS: Os dados populacionais foram obtidos no banco de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e os óbitos, por meio d...
Detecção da encefalopatia hepática subclínica por espectroscopia cerebral Detection of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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Gustavo Justo Schulz
Full Text Available RACIONAL: A encefalopatia hepática é anormalidade neuropsiquiátrica comum em cirróticos e está associada com alterações típicas de determinados metabólitos cerebrais, como o decréscimo de mio-inositol e colina e o aumento de glutamina-glutamato, observadas na espectroscopia cerebral por ressonância magnética. OBJETIVO: Determinar os níveis dos metabólitos cerebrais em pacientes cirróticos para diagnóstico da encefalopatia hepática em estágios iniciais. MÉTODOS Foram estudados 25 pacientes com cirrose hepática, do Serviço de Transplante Hepático da Universidade Federal do Paraná, através de avaliação clínica (exame neurológico e testes neuropsicométricos e espectroscopia por ressonância magnética cerebral. A área espectral estudada por ressonância magnética envolveu a região occipital (substância branca e cinzenta. Trinta voluntários sadios formaram o grupo controle. RESULTADOS: A encefalopatia hepática subclínica foi diagnosticada em 12 pacientes (48%. Reduções significativas nos índices de MI/Cr foram observadas nos pacientes com encefalopatia quando comparados aos controles (0,49±0,10 vs. 0,83±0,13; P BACKGROUND: Hepatic encephalopathy is a common neuro-psychiatric abnormality in liver cirrhosis associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern, such as a decrease of myo-inositol and cholina and increase of glutamine-glutamate, observed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AIM: To determine cerebral metabolite ratios in liver cirrhosis patients with early stages of hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with chronic hepatic failure from Liver Transplantation Unit of the Federal University of Paraná were studied with clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Localized magnetic resonance spectra were acquired in the occipital gray/white matter regions. Thirty healthy volunteers were also subjected to the same evaluations, making up the control group. RESULTS
Brain abscess by citrobacter diversus in infancy: case report Abscesso cerebral por Citrobacter diversus na infância: relato de caso
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Full Text Available Citrobacter diversus is closely related to brain abscess in newborn infants. We describe a case of brain abscess by this bacteria in a newborn infant and his clinical and cranial computed tomographic evaluation until the fourth month of life and discuss therapeutic management of this patient.Citrobacter diversus é a bactéria mais associada a abscessos cerebrais durante o período neonatal. Descrevemos um caso de abscesso cerebral por esta bactéria em um recém-nascido e sua evolução clínica e tomográfica até o quarto mês de vida. São discutidos aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos desta grave infecção do recém-nascido.
Detecção da encefalopatia hepática subclínica por espectroscopia cerebral Detection of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Gustavo Justo Schulz; Julio Cézar Uili Coelho; Jorge Eduardo Fouto Matias; Antônio Carlos Ligocki Campos; Danielle Duck Schulz; Guilherme Augusto Bertoldi
RACIONAL: A encefalopatia hepática é anormalidade neuropsiquiátrica comum em cirróticos e está associada com alterações típicas de determinados metabólitos cerebrais, como o decréscimo de mio-inositol e colina e o aumento de glutamina-glutamato, observadas na espectroscopia cerebral por ressonância magnética. OBJETIVO: Determinar os níveis dos metabólitos cerebrais em pacientes cirróticos para diagnóstico da encefalopatia hepática em estágios iniciais. MÉTODOS Foram estudados 25 pacientes com...
Retroplacental hematoma associated to tubo ovarian abscess in 23 weeks of pregnancy. A case report. Hematoma retroplacentario asociado con absceso tubovárico en embarazo de 23 semanas. Reporte de un caso.
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Alberto Jorge Fernández
Full Text Available A 30 year-old female patient with 23 weeks of pregnancy and with asthma antecedent is presented. She had treatment with bronchodilators. She came to the provincial medical emergency centre due to an intense pain with a sudden appearance in the lower abdomen, vomiting, shortness of breath, and sweating. The presence of a retroplacental hematoma caused due to a tubo-ovarian abscess associated to an abdominal peritonitis was corroborated. The way in which the disease was manifested and evolved is described.
Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años, con edad gestacional de 23 semanas y antecedentes de asma bronquial para lo cual llevaba tratamiento con broncodilatadores. Acude al centro provincial de emergencia médica por presentar dolor de aparición súbita e intenso en bajo vientre, vómitos con restos de alimentos, falta de aire y sudoraciones. Se comprobó la presencia de un hematoma retroplacentario causado por un absceso tubovárico asociado a una peritonitis abdominal. Se describe la forma en que se manifestó la enfermedad y su evolución.
Liver abscess caused by Ascaris lumbricoides: case report Absceso hepático por Ascaris lumbricoides: reporte de un caso
PINILLA Análida Elizabeth; LÓPEZ Myriam Consuelo; Orlando RICAURTE; CASTILLO Blanca; Murcia, Martha Isabel; Nicholls, Rubén Santiago; Duque, Sofía; Orozco, Luis Carlos
A case is reported of a woman who lived in a rural area with a chronic illness that consisted of weight loss and abdominal pain in the epigastrium and upper right quadrant. The initial diagnosis was a mass in the liver, which was later, demonstrated, both by direct and histological examination, to be an abscess caused by Ascaris lumbricoides. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and abundant Charcot-Leyden Crystals were found.Se presenta el caso de una mujer que vivía en zona rural con una enfermedad...
Relata-se o caso de paciente com crises convulsivas de início recente. A tomografia computadorizada cerebral evidenciou imagem sugestiva de lesão expansiva metastática frontoparietal direita. A investigação de tumor primário ou outra doença foi negativa e o exame histopatológico do tecido cerebral diagnosticou tuberculoma. As convulsões foram controladas com a associação de hidantoína 300mg/dia ao esquema específico, utilizado por 18 meses. A tuberculose do sistema nervoso central representa ...
Aplicación de la tomografía por emisíón de positrones cerebral con dilerentes radiotrazadores en la valoración prequirúrgica de pacientes con epilepsia
Rubí Sureda, Sebastià
La cirugía de la epilepsia es una alternativa terapéutica en pacientes con epilepsia focal refractaria a los fármacos antiepilépticos, y para su correcta realización es indispensable localizar de forma precisa la zona cerebral responsable de las crisis epilépticas (Zona Epileptógena, ZE). La Tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) es una técnica de neuroimagen funcional que puede aportar información diagnóstica y localizadora en los casos en que la Resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral y los ...
Amebic liver abscess with bacterial superinfection in a patient with no epidemiologic risk factors Absceso hepático amebiano sobreinfectado sin antecedentes epidemiológicos
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P. Sánchez-Pobre
Full Text Available The amebic liver abscess is uncommon in developed countries like Spain, but the incidence is increasing probably due to the migratory movements of the population. We report a case of an amebic abscess, initially unsuspected due to the absence of epidemiologic risk factors and the negative serology for amebiasis, in the early stages of the disease.El absceso hepático amebiano es infrecuente en países desarrollados, como lo es el caso de España, pero su incidencia está aumentando, posiblemente en relación con los movimientos migratorios de la población. Presentamos un caso de absceso hepático amebiano, no sospechado inicialmente, debido a la ausencia de antecedentes epidemiológicos y a la negatividad de las pruebas serológicas en las fases iniciales de enfermedad.
Tuberculoma cerebral Cerebral tuberculoma
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Full Text Available Relata-se o caso de paciente com crises convulsivas de início recente. A tomografia computadorizada cerebral evidenciou imagem sugestiva de lesão expansiva metastática frontoparietal direita. A investigação de tumor primário ou outra doença foi negativa e o exame histopatológico do tecido cerebral diagnosticou tuberculoma. As convulsões foram controladas com a associação de hidantoína 300mg/dia ao esquema específico, utilizado por 18 meses. A tuberculose do sistema nervoso central representa 5-15% das formas extrapulmonares e é reconhecida como de alta letalidade. Apresentação tumoral como a relatada é rara, particularmente em imunocompetentes. Quando tratada, pode ter bom prognóstico e deve entrar sempre no diagnóstico diferencial de massas cerebrais.It is reported a case of a previously healthy man with seizures of sudden onset. A contrast head computerized tomogram (CT showed a right frontoparietal expanding lesion suggesting to be metastatic. No prior disease was found on investigation. The histologic exam of the brain revealed tuberculoma. The seizures were controlled with Hidantoin 300 mg/day and antituberculosis chemotherapy for 18 months. Central nervous system tuberculosis (5-15% of the extrapulmonary forms is highly lethal. The case reported herein is specially rare in immunocompetent patients. It may have good prognosis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain tumours.
Percepção de conflito em uma família recasada constituída por um filho com paralisia cerebral Perception of conflict in a stepfamily with a child with cerebral palsy
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Hilda Rosa Moraes de Freitas
Full Text Available O aumento no número de separação/divórcio favorece o surgimento de novas estruturas familiares. Nesse sentido, o recasamento desponta como uma possibilidade de ordenamento do grupo familiar, que impõe à nova família uma reorganização, sobretudo nas vidas afetiva, social e econômica, assim como maior flexibilidade para negociar questões de associação, espaço, autoridade e tempo. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever a estrutura e a dinâmica de uma família recasada, na qual há uma criança com paralisia cerebral, a partir de suas representações acerca de situações de conflito. Neste estudo de caso, foi pesquisada uma família, constituída, por três membros, mãe, filho e padrasto; foram aplicados um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado e o Family System Test (FAST. Os escores obtidos no FAST demonstraram proximidade na díade mãe-filho e distanciamento na díade padrasto-enteado, com a hierarquia concentrada na mãe; quanto à flexibilidade das fronteiras, a percepção do casal indicou fronteiras rígidas tanto no sistema familiar quanto no parental, diferenciando-se da percepção do filho sobre o sistema familiar com uma fronteira difusa. Portanto, alguns fatores destacados na literatura e presentes nessa família como: diferença no ciclo de vida do casal; pouco tempo de união; bagagem emocional entre mãe e filho, associados às demandas de cuidado da criança, seus recursos biopsicológicos e disposições; configuraram um padrão rígido, com baixa flexibilidade, o que dificulta a inserção do padrasto no grupo e, consequente, assunção de co-paternidade nos cuidados e criação do enteado.The increase in the number of separation/divorce has favored the emergence of new family structures. Thus, remarriage becomes a possibility for developing the family group which requires emotional, social and economic reorganization of the family, as well as greater flexibility to negotiate association, space, time and
Drenaje Percutáneo de Absceso Renal en Niños: Caso Clínico Percutaneous Draining of a Kidney Abscess in Children: A Clinical Case
Introducción: Los abscesos renales en niños son infrecuentes. El tratamiento con drenaje percutáneo es una herramienta útil, y frecuentemente utilizada en adultos. El objetivo es presentar la experiencia en drenaje per-cutáneo de un absceso renal en paciente pediátrico. Paciente y Método: Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 9 años, de sexo femenino, con antecedente de pielonefritis aguda izquierda a repetición. Presenta un cuadro de pielonefritis aguda complicada, evolucionando con un absce...
Entrenamiento de la capacidad aeróbica por medio de la terapia acuática en niños con parálisis cerebral tipo diplejía espástica
Nandy Fajardo-López; Fabiola Moscoso-Alvarado
Antecedentes. La parálisis cerebral tipo diplejía espática genera cambios en el sistema cardiovascular que afectan la capacidad aeróbica. La terapia acuática es una estrategia terapéutica óptima tanto para el manejo de la población como para el entrenamiento de la capacidad aeróbica, por las respuestas fisiológicas que genera y porque brinda la facilidad de generar mayores cargas al sistema cardiovascular con menores riesgos que en tierra. Objetivo. Identificar las características que debe te...
Infarto cerebral hemorrágico por embolización de un trombo mural cardíaco Hemorrhagic cerebral infarction due to embolization of a mural thrombus within the right ventricle
Marín, R; Rico, A.; Blanco, M.; E. Barrero; I. Manresa; Santos, M.; J. Lucena
Las enfermedades cerebrovasculares son consecuencia de una alteración en la circulación cerebral. Su forma más distintiva de presentación es el ictus, entendido como un déficit neurológico focal de instauración brusca y evolución rápida. Un infarto cerebral de origen oclusivo puede deberse bien a una trombosis in situ o bien a una embolia procedente de un foco distante. En las embolias cerebrales la causa principal son los trombos murales cardiacos y el área encefálica afectada con mayor frec...
A compreensão do significado cultural do aneurisma cerebral e do tratamento atribuídos pelo paciente e familiares: um estudo etnográfico La comprensión del significado cultural del aneurisma cerebral y del tratamiento atribuídos por el paciente y los familiares: un estudio etnográfico The cultural meaning of cerebral aneurysm and its treatment for the patient and relatives: an ethnographic study
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Maria Helena Pinto
Full Text Available Este trabalho consiste de um estudo etnográfico descritivo, com 13 pacientes acometidos pelo aneurisma cerebral e seus familiares, com o objetivo de compreender o significado da doença e do tratamento. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas e observações durante a hospitalização e depois da alta, no ambulatório e na residência. O tema central obtido do estudo foi "Tinha que ser para mim. Deus sabe o que faz". Este tema revela uma interpretação religiosa para a doença e uma fundamentação mágica para o tratamento. Assim, o aneurisma cerebral é interpretado como uma doença material (corpo e uma doença espiritual (alma.Esta investigación consiste en un estudio etnográfico de los pacientes afectados por aneurisma cerebral y sus familiares, con el objetivo de objetivo de comprender el significado de la enfermedad y el tratamiento. Los datos fueron recolectados por entrevistas y observaciones durante la hospitalización y después del alta en la consulta externa y en la residencia. El tema central obtenido del estudio fue: "Tenia que ser para mi. Dios sabe lo que hace". Este tema manifiesta una interpretación religiosa para la enfermedad y una fundamentación mágica para el tratamiento. Así, el aneurisma cerebral es comprendido como una enfermedad material (del cuerpo y una enfermedad espiritual (del alma.This is a descriptive ethnographic study with 13 patients with cerebral aneurysm and their relatives aiming at understanding the meaning of the illness and the treatment. The data were collected by interviews and observations during the hospitalization and, after the discharge, in the outpatient clinic and at home. The central theme obtained from the study was "It had to be for me! God knows what He does". This theme reveals a religious interpretation for the illness and a magic basis for its cure.Thus, cerebral aneurysm is interpreted as a material illness (body and a spiritual illness (soul.
Estudio de la densidad ósea en niños y adolescentes con afectación moderada y severa por parálisis cerebral
Tatay Díaz, Ángela
Falta palabras claves El término Parálisis Cerebral describe un grupo de trastornos permanentes del movimiento y la postura que provocan limitación de la actividad y que son secundarios a un daño puntual y no progresivo en el cerebro en desarrollo. Los trastornos motores de la Parálisis Cerebral se acompañan con frecuencia de alteraciones sensitivas, perceptivas, cognitivas, de la comunicación y el comportamiento, epilepsia y problemas secundarios a nivel del sistema musculoesquelético. ...
Obstrução de vias aéreas superiores após drenagem de abscesso periamigdaliano: relato de caso Obstrucción de vías aéreas superiores después de drenaje de absceso periamigdaliano: relato de caso Upper airway obstruction after peritonsillar abscess drainage: case report
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Deoclécio Tonelli
Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O abscesso periamigdaliano é uma complicação incomum, porém predispõe a comprometimento grave das vias aéreas superiores. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso de obstrução de vias aéreas após drenagem cirúrgica de abscesso periamigdaliano numa paciente jovem sem outras doenças de base. RELATO DO CASO: Trata-se de uma paciente de 26 anos com grave abscesso periamigdaliano que submeteu-se à anestesia geral para drenagem e após a extubação apresentou grave insuficiência respiratória, necessitando de reintubação traqueal e ventilação controlada mecânica por 24 horas. CONCLUSÕES: O planejamento anestésico e a adequada indicação cirúrgica são fundamentais para a prevenção de complicações em cirurgia otorrinolaringológica.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El absceso periamigdaliano es una complicación incomún, sin embargo predisponen al comprometimiento grave de las vías aéreas superiores. El objetivo de este relato es presentar un caso de obstrucción de las vías aéreas después de drenaje quirúrgico de absceso periamigdaliano en una paciente joven sin otras enfermedades de base. RELATO DE CASO: Se trata de una paciente de 26 años con grave absceso periamigdaliano que se sometió a anestesia general para drenaje y después de la extubación presentó grave insuficiencia respiratoria, necesitando de reintubación traqueal y ventilación controlada mecánica por 24 horas. CONCLUSIONES: El planeamiento anestésico y la adecuada indicación quirúrgica son fundamentales para la prevención de complicaciones en cirugía otorrinolaringológica.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peritonsillar abscess is an unusual complication, but predisposes to severe upper airway complications. This report aimed at presenting a case of upper airway obstruction after surgical drainage of a peritonsillar abscess in a healthy young female patient. CASE REPORT: Young female patient, 26 years old, with severe
... Enhancing Diversity Find People About NINDS NINDS Cerebral Hypoxia Information Page Synonym(s): Hypoxia, Anoxia Table of Contents ( ... Trials Organizations Publicaciones en Español What is Cerebral Hypoxia? Cerebral hypoxia refers to a condition in which ...
Formação de conceitos por crianças com paralisia cerebral: um estudo exploratório sobre a influência de atividades lúdicas Concept development by children with cerebral palsy: a study about the influence of playful activities
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Ana Paula Martins Cazeiro
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a influência de atividades lúdicas no processo de formação de conceitos espontâneos por crianças com seqüelas de paralisia cerebral. Participaram da pesquisa sete crianças, que foram submetidas a um pré-teste de conceitos espontâneos, sessões individuais de atividades lúdicas que envolviam alguns dos conceitos avaliados e reaplicação do teste inicial a fim de avaliar o grau de desenvolvimento dos conceitos. Todas as crianças participantes desenvolveram ao menos um dos conceitos mais vivenciados nas sessões de atividades lúdicas, além de terem desenvolvido outros conceitos espontâneos não avaliados por meio dos testes.The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of playful activities in the process of developing basic concepts by children with cerebral palsy. The subjects were seven children who have been submitted to a pre-test of basic concepts; individual sessions of playful activities, which involved some of the evaluated concepts; and a second administration of the initial test in order to assess the degree of learning of such concepts. Every child has learned at least one of the concepts involved in the sessions of playful activities. They have also learned other concepts not evaluated by basic concepts tests.
Acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico associado à acidente ofídico por serpente do gênero bothrops: relato de caso Hemorrhagic stroke related to snakebite by bothrops genus: a case report
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Amanda Silva Machado
Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico, associado à acidente ofídico por serpente do gênero bothrops e hipertensão arterial sistêmica grave. Apesar do ofidismo botrópico ser frequente no Estado do Pará, tais associações são incomuns, necessitando de uma abordagem especializada e precoce, visando menores complicações.This research reports a clinical case of hemorrhagic stroke due to envenomation by bothrops snakebite associated with severe hypertension. Although bothrops snakebites are frequent in the State of Pará, such associations are uncommon, requiring specialized and early management to avoid severe complications.
Cuidar de pessoa incapacitada por acidente vascular cerebral no domicílio: o fazer do cuidador familiar El cuidado de la persona incapacitada por accidente cerebro vascular en el domicilio: el hacer del cuidador familiar Taking care of persons handicapped by cerebral vascular accident at home: the familial caregiver activity
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Nara Marilene Oliveira Girardon Perlini
Full Text Available Estudo exploratório, descritivo e quantitativo que busca identificar e descrever as atividades do familiar que cuida de pessoas incapacitadas por AVC no domicílio. A amostra constituiu-se de 35 cuidadores familiares, predominantemente mulheres, esposas ou filhas. Os cuidados realizados relacionam-se ao grau de incapacidade do familiar. As orientações recebidas denotam falta de compromisso dos profissionais com a continuidade do cuidado. O cuidador aprende a cuidar no cotidiano, com base na observação e auxílio à enfermagem na internação. As dificuldades pautam-se no esforço físico, na desinformação e no medo, no constrangimento e na vergonha em lidar com o corpo do outro. O estudo enfoca a necessidade do preparo para a alta hospitalar, salienta a família como espaço concreto para o cuidado; o aumento da expectativa de vida é uma constatação.Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cuantitativo que busca identificar y describir las actividades del familiar que cuida de personas incapacitadas por ACV en el domicilio. La muestra estuvo constituida de 35 cuidadores familiares, predominantemente mujeres, esposas o hijas. Los cuidados realizados se relacionan con el grado de incapacidad del familiar. Las orientaciones recibidas denotan falta de compromiso de los profesionales con la continuidad del cuidado. El cuidador aprende a cuidar en el cotidiano, con base en la observación y el auxilio prestado a enfermería durante el internamiento. Las dificultades se pautan en el esfuerzo físico, en la desinformación y en el miedo, en el recelo y en la vergüenza para lidiar con el cuerpo del otro. El estudio enfoca la necesidad de preparación para la alta hospitalaria y resalta la familia como espacio concreto para el cuidado; el aumento de la expectativa de vida es una constatación.An exploratory descriptive and quantitative study aimed at identifying and describing the activity of relatives in charge of caring at home for people
Evidencias de compromiso cerebral en el estadio crónico de la enfermedad de Chagas obtenidas por medio del potencial P300 y de electroencefalografía cuantificada
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Full Text Available Es reconocido el compromiso del sistema nervioso periférico en la etapa crónica de la enfermedad de Chagas, incorporándose últimamente evidencias tomográficas y neuropsicológicas de compromiso cerebral. Con el objetivo de evaluar dicho compromiso por medio del potencial P 300 y la electroencefalografía cuantificada (EEGc se estudiaron 35 pacientes (26 a 55 años, comparados con un grupo control de similar número y edad (29 a 55 años. Se observó: latencia de la onda P 3 mayor en el grupo en estudio (331,24 ± 24,02 contra 318,86 ± 23,18 (p=0,01716. El EEGc mostró diferencias en la potencia relativa de la banda Beta 1, menor en los pacientes (p=1,62834E5 y en la frecuencia dominante, 1 Hz menor en los chagasicos (p=0,01077. El análisis multivariado discrimina tres subpoblaciones: una normal, una de enfermos con incremento alfa y otra de enfermos con decremento alfa e incremento delta y theta (p=0,00004. La proporción de resultados patológicos fue del 20 % en los EEGc y el 11,43 % en los potenciales cognitivos. No se correlacionó el compromiso neurológico y el cardíaco. Se concluye que existen francos indicadores electrofisiológicos de compromiso cerebral en el estadio crónico de la enfermedad de Chagas, hallazgo que refuerza a los obtenidos por otros métodos.
Multiparametric multidetector computed tomography scanning on suspicion of hyperacute ischemic stroke: validating a standardized protocol Avaliação multiparamétrica por tomografia computadorizada multidetectores na suspeita de isquemia cerebral hiperaguda: validando um protocolo padronizado
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Felipe Torres Pacheco
Full Text Available Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT scanning has enabled the early diagnosis of hyperacute brain ischemia. We aimed at validating a standardized protocol to read and report MDCT techniques in a series of adult patients. The inter-observer agreement among the trained examiners was tested, and their results were compared with a standard reading. No false positives were observed, and an almost perfect agreement (Kappa>0.81 was documented when the CT angiography (CTA and cerebral perfusion CT (CPCT map data were added to the noncontrast CT (NCCT analysis. The inter-observer agreement was higher for highly trained readers, corroborating the need for specific training to interpret these modern techniques. The authors recommend adding CTA and CPCT to the NCCT analysis in order to clarify the global analysis of structural and hemodynamic brain abnormalities. Our structured report is suitable as a script for the reproducible analysis of the MDCT of patients on suspicion of ischemic stroke.A tomografia computadorizada multidetectores (TCMD permitiu o diagnóstico precoce de isquemia cerebral hiperaguda. O presente estudo objetivou validar a interpretação e a descrição padronizada de um protocolo de TCMD multiparamétrica em uma série de pacientes adultos. A concordância entre os examinadores foi testada, e seus resultados confrontados com uma leitura padrão. Não foram observados resultados falso-positivos, e foi documentado um elevado grau de concordância (Kappa>0,81 quando os dados da angiotomografia (ATC e dos mapas de perfusão cerebral por TC (PCTC foram adicionados à análise da TC sem contraste (TCSC. A concordância interobservador foi superior para os leitores melhor treinados, corroborando a necessidade de formação específica para a interpretação dos exames. Os autores recomendam acrescer a interpretação da ATC e da PCTC à análise da TCSC, visando à análise global das anormalidades cerebrais estruturais e hemodin
Productos de innovaciones teoricas Hi desarrollo de la actividad mental-cerebral mediado por sistemas fisiológicos y agentes externos
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Helmer Frank Charris Peredo
Full Text Available La variedad de opiniones que se levantan con el propósito de explicar con alguien grado de proximidad la mente del hombre, resultan ocasionalmente incompletas, pero cada una de esas afirmaciones termina por hacer parte, de una solo concepción donde todas las posibilidades tanto neurofisiológicas como psicológicas se pueden aplicar. Partiendo de la apreciación que la conciencia es la máxima expresión de la evolución mental, por ser una facultad que implica interacción de funciones mentales superiores, podríamos tener bajo cierta medida una aproximación a lo que implica la actividad mental, conociendo que el cerebro implica mecanismos fisiológicos y químicos con una funcionalidad que probablemente se moldee con el tiempo. Existen diferentes mecanismos implicados en la actividad mental superior, algunos como la memoria, se explican bajo razones fisiológicas, otros, necesitan una análisis más profundo para intentar cuando menos entender como suceden. Nuestro psiquismo no progresa únicamente por la vía de la maduración mecánica de aptitudes biológicas, condicionadas estas por el sistema nervioso central, este se organiza y desarrolla en el procedimiento de la necesidad humana de interactuar con el medio y relacionarse con sus semejantes.
Paralisia Facial Periférica por comprometimento do tronco cerebral: A propósito de um caso clínico
Lazarini Paulo R.; Fernandes Alessandro M. F.; Brasileiro Veridiana S. B.; Custódio Sérgio E. V.
É apresentado um caso clínico de paciente portador de paralisia facial periférica com comprometimento de toda a hemiface direita. Durante a investigação clínica, esperava-se que o comprometimento topográfico do nervo facial se desse a partir de sua emergência na ponte. Após exames de imagem, evidenciou-se lesão expansiva no tronco cerebral. Deste modo, a classificação de paralisia facial como periférica ou central não atende a este caso. O uso de uma classificação utilizando os núcleos do ner...
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and to maintain balance ... do not get worse over time. People with cerebral palsy may have difficulty walking. They may also have ...
... Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, and fronto-temporal dementia cerebral palsy , in which lesions (damaged areas) may impair motor ... lead to cerebral atrophy. NIH Patient Recruitment for Cerebral Atrophy Clinical Trials ... by: Office of Communications and Public Liaison National Institute of Neurological Disorders ...
Plasticidad cerebral y lenguaje
Moreno-Torres Sánchez, Ignacio; Berthier Torres, Marcelo Luís
Hace pocos años se daba por sentado que la recuperación del lenguaje tras una lesión cerebral era imposible, al igual que adquirir la lengua materna más allá de los tres primeros años de vida. Sin embargo, las últimas indagaciones muestran que nuestra capacidad de aprender es mucho mayor.
... 1 • 2 • 3 For Teens For Kids For Parents MORE ON THIS TOPIC Cerebral Palsy: Keith's Story Physical Therapy I Have Cerebral Palsy. Can I Babysit? Body Image and Self-Esteem Contact Us Print Resources Send to a friend ...
Bacteriemia relacionada a catéter por Ochrobactrum anthropi Catheter-associated bacteremia caused by Ochrobactrum anthropi
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Rolando Soloaga
Full Text Available Ochrobactrum anthtropi es un bacilo gram negativo aeróbico, no fermentador de la glucosa, anteriormente conocido como Achromobacter sp o CDC grupo Vd. Ha sido aislado del medio ambiente y de infecciones en seres humanos que generalmente presentaban algún tipo de inmunocompromiso. Las infecciones por este microorganismo fueron bacteriemias relacionadas a catéteres y en ocasiones endoftalmitis, infecciones urinarias, meningitis, endocarditis, absceso hepático, osteocondritis, absceso pelviano y absceso pancreático. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 69 años de edad, que consultó a la guardia por hipotensión sostenida y síndrome febril de cuatro días de evolución, escalofrío, sudoración profusa y deterioro del sensorio. El paciente tenía diabetes de tipo 2 y antecedente de accidente cerebrovascular. Debido a insuficiencia renal crónica presentaba un catéter de doble lumen para la diálisis. Se documentó una bacteriemia relacionada a catéter por cultivo de sangre a través de catéter y de vena periférica, utilizando el sistema automatizado de hemocultivos Bact-Alert y la metodología de tiempo diferencial (>120min. La confirmación se realizó, una vez removido el catéter, por la técnica semicuantitativa de Maki (> 15 UFC. El microorganismo fue identificado por API 20NE y Vitek 1 como Ochrobactrum anthropi.Ochrobactrum anthropi is a non-glucose fermentative, aerobic gram-negative bacillus, formerly known as Achromobacter sp or CDC group Vd. It has been isolated from the environment and from infections in usually immunocompromised human beings. The documented infections frequently involved catheter related bacteremia whereas endophthalmitis, urinary infections, meningitis, endocarditis, hepatic abscess, osteochondritis, pelvic abscess and pancreatic abscess were rarely involved. Here it is presented the case of a male patient aged 69 years with sustained hypotension, four day febrile syndrome, chill, lavish
Avaliação e participação do fisioterapeuta na prescrição do mobiliário escolar utilizado por alunos com paralisia cerebral em escolas estaduais públicas da rede regular de ensino Evaluation and participation of physical therapists on the school furniture prescription for students with cerebral palsy in public schools of the regular school network
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Luzia Lívia Oliveira Saraiva
Full Text Available O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições do mobiliário escolar disponibilizado aos alunos com paralisia cerebral nas escolas estaduais da cidade do Natal/RN em 2008 e a participação do fisioterapeuta na prescrição deste mobiliário. Os dados foram coletados através de um protocolo de avaliação junto a cinco alunos com paralisia cerebral e formulário aplicado aos diretores das instituições de ensino, sendo analisados por meio das categorias suscitadas. Os resultados apontaram a presença de mobiliário escolar que não atende as necessidades específicas de posicionamento dos alunos avaliados e a ausência do fisioterapeuta na prescrição desse mobiliário. Constata-se a necessidade dos órgãos gestores no âmbito da educação de Natal/RN em cumprir o que determina a lei e disponibilizar mobiliário escolar adequado aos alunos pesquisados. Assim, procurou-se garantir os recursos necessários para promover um ensino de qualidade para os educandos com paralisia cerebral no contexto da escola regular.The objective of this study was to evaluate the conditions of school furniture available for students with cerebral palsy in public schools in the city Natal, Rio Grande do Norte in 2008, looking at how physical therapists participated in the process of prescribing such furniture. The data was collected using an evaluation protocol with students with cerebral palsy and with school principals who filled out forms. The analysis was undertaken according to the categories that arose from the data. The results indicated that: 1 school furniture doesn't meet the specific positioning needs of the students that were evaluated and 2 physical therapists do not participate in prescribing appropriate furniture. The study showed that in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, educational administrators need to carry out the policies that have been determined by law in order to make proper school furniture available to students with cerebral palsy. The
Risk factors for unpleasant paresthesiae induced by paresthesiae - producing deep brain stimulation Fatores de risco para parestesia dolorosa induzida por estimulação cerebral profuda em sítios produtores de parestesia
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Osvaldo Vilela Filho
Full Text Available Paresthesiae-producing deep brain stimulation (stimulation of ventrocaudal nucleus - VC, medial lemniscus - ML or internal capsule - IC is one of the few procedures to treat the steady element of neural injury pain (NIP currently available. Reviewing the first 60 patients with NIP submitted to deep brain stimulation (DBS from 1978 to 1991 at the Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, we observed that 6 patients complained of unpleasant paresthesiae with paresthesiae-producing DBS, preventing permanent electrode implantation in all of them. Such patients accounted for 15% of the failures (6 out of 40 failures in our series. In an attempt to improve patient selection, we reviewed our patients considering a number of parameters in order to determine risk factors for unpleasant paresthesiae elicited by paresthesiae-producing DBS. The results showed that this response happenned only in patients with brain central pain complaining of evoked pain, secondary to a supratentorial lesion. Age, sex, duration of pain, quality of the steady pain, size of the causative lesion and site (VC,ML,IC and type (micro or macroelectrode of surgical exploration were not important factors. Unpleasant paresthesiae in response to dorsal column stimulation, restricted thalamic lesion on computed tomography and the occurrence of associated intermittent pain were considered major risk factors in this subset of patients and the presence of cold allodynia or hyperpathia in isolation and the absence of sensory loss were considered minor risk factors. It is our hope that the criteria here established will improve patient selection and so, the overall results of DBS.A estimulação cerebral profunda (ECP de sítios cuja estimulação elicita parestesia (núcleo talâmico ventrocaudal - VC, lemnisco medial - LM e cápsula interna - CI é um dos poucos métodos atualmente disponíveis para o tratamento do elemento constante da dor por injúria neural (DIN
Cuidar de pessoa incapacitada por acidente vascular cerebral no domicílio: o fazer do cuidador familiar El cuidado de la persona incapacitada por accidente cerebro vascular en el domicilio: el hacer del cuidador familiar Taking care of persons handicapped by cerebral vascular accident at home: the familial caregiver activity
Nara Marilene Oliveira Girardon Perlini; Ana Cristina Mancussi e Faro
Estudo exploratório, descritivo e quantitativo que busca identificar e descrever as atividades do familiar que cuida de pessoas incapacitadas por AVC no domicílio. A amostra constituiu-se de 35 cuidadores familiares, predominantemente mulheres, esposas ou filhas. Os cuidados realizados relacionam-se ao grau de incapacidade do familiar. As orientações recebidas denotam falta de compromisso dos profissionais com a continuidade do cuidado. O cuidador aprende a cuidar no cotidiano, com base na ob...
Graham, H Kerr; Rosenbaum, Peter; Paneth, Nigel; Dan, Bernard; Lin, Jean-Pierre; Damiano, Diane L; Becher, Jules G; Gaebler-Spira, Deborah; Colver, Allan; Reddihough, Dinah S; Crompton, Kylie E; Lieber, Richard L
Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of childhood-onset, lifelong physical disability in most countries, affecting about 1 in 500 neonates with an estimated prevalence of 17 million people worldwide. Cerebral palsy is not a disease entity in the traditional sense but a clinical description of children who share features of a non-progressive brain injury or lesion acquired during the antenatal, perinatal or early postnatal period. The clinical manifestations of cerebral palsy vary greatly in the type of movement disorder, the degree of functional ability and limitation and the affected parts of the body. There is currently no cure, but progress is being made in both the prevention and the amelioration of the brain injury. For example, administration of magnesium sulfate during premature labour and cooling of high-risk infants can reduce the rate and severity of cerebral palsy. Although the disorder affects individuals throughout their lifetime, most cerebral palsy research efforts and management strategies currently focus on the needs of children. Clinical management of children with cerebral palsy is directed towards maximizing function and participation in activities and minimizing the effects of the factors that can make the condition worse, such as epilepsy, feeding challenges, hip dislocation and scoliosis. These management strategies include enhancing neurological function during early development; managing medical co-morbidities, weakness and hypertonia; using rehabilitation technologies to enhance motor function; and preventing secondary musculoskeletal problems. Meeting the needs of people with cerebral palsy in resource-poor settings is particularly challenging. PMID:27188686
Normative study of tympanic infrared thermometry: a non-invasive index of asymmetric cerebral activity Normatização da termometria timpânica por infravermelho: um indicador não-invasivo de atividade cerebral assimétrica
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Danielle Cicarini de Landa
da TT, e principalmente das diferenças interauriculares desse parâmetro, obtidas por termometria timpânica por infravermelho, em indivíduos normais, na ausência de execução de tarefas específicas. Foram obtidas medidas da TT em 47 voluntários normais (20 homens e 27 mulheres, com média de idade de 39,38±12,57 anos em repouso e calculadas as diferenças interauriculares, sua média e desvio-padrão. A TT média foi de 36,85±0,50ºC à direita e de 36,74± 0,57ºC à esquerda, o que está de acordo com dados da literatura. A média das diferenças de TT encontrada foi de 0,25ºC e o desvio padrão (DP 0,21ºC. Com base nesses achados, os valores máximos considerados normais para a diferença interauricular da TT, com níveis de confiança de 99% e de 95%, são de 0,88ºC e 0,67ºC, respectivamente. A utilidade da medida da diferença interauricular da TT como marcador de assimetria da atividade cerebral em pacientes com patologias neurológicas deverá ser avaliada em estudos adicionais.
... the veins ( deep vein thrombosis ) Lung infections (pneumonia) Malnutrition When to Contact a Medical Professional Cerebral hypoxia ... References Bernat JL. Coma, vegetative state, and brain death. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil ...
... Story" 5 Things to Know About Zika & Pregnancy Cerebral Palsy KidsHealth > For Parents > Cerebral Palsy Print A A ... kids who are living with the condition. About Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is one of the most common ...
Análise da tendência da mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral no Brasil no século XXI Analysis of the mortality trend due to cerebrovascular accident in Brazil in the XXI century
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Célia Regina Garritano
Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Embora seja mundialmente a segunda principal causa de óbitos, o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC vem apresentando uma importante redução das taxas de mortalidade nas últimas décadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tendência da taxa de mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral no Brasil, em ambos os sexos, a partir dos 30 anos de idade, entre 2000 e 2009. MÉTODOS: Os dados populacionais foram obtidos no banco de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e os óbitos, por meio do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, sendo incluídos os códigos I60 a I69 de acordo com a 10ª Classificação Internacional de Doenças. Foi calculada a incidência de óbitos/1.000 habitantes, as taxas de mortalidade bruta e padronizada/100.000 habitantes. A modelagem da tendência das taxas foi feita com modelos de regressão. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um aumento na incidência de óbitos até 2006, seguindo-se um declínio até 2009, quando ocorreu a incidência mínima. Comparando os anos 2000 e 2009, nota-se uma tendência de queda da taxa de mortalidade padronizada em ambos os sexos (masculino = -14,69%; feminino = -17% e no total (-14,99%, com oscilações no período. Entre 30 e 49 anos em ambos os sexos, houve uma tendência de redução contínua e linear da taxa de mortalidade, enquanto os demais grupos etários apresentaram uma função curvilínea, culminando com uma efetiva diminuição dos valores. CONCLUSÃO: Houve uma tendência de queda na taxa de mortalidade em todas as faixas etárias e em ambos os sexos. A redução da taxa de mortalidade bruta foi mais acentuada no sexo masculino, enquanto a taxa de mortalidade padronizada mostrou uma maior redução no sexo feminino.BACKGROUND: Although it is the second leading cause of deaths worldwide, the cerebrovascular accident (CVA has shown a significant reduction in mortality rates in recent decades. OBJECTIVE: To
Parálisis cerebral Cerebral palsy
Jorge Malagon Valdez
El término parálisis cerebral (PC) engloba a un gran número de síndromes neurológicos clínicos, de etiología diversa. Estos síndromes se caracterizan por tener una sintomatología común: los trastornos motores. Algunos autores prefieren manejar términos como "encefalopatía fija", "encefalopatías no evolutivas". Se mencionan la utilidad de programas de intervención temprana y métodos especiales de rehabilitación, así como el manejo de las deficiencias asociadas como la epilepsia, deficiencia me...
... the brain can cause a hemorrhagic stroke. Both types of stroke can be fatal. Cerebral arteriosclerosis is also related to a condition known as vascular dementia, in which small, symptom-free strokes cause cumulative damage and death to neurons (nerve cells) in the brain. Personality changes in ...
Normative study of tympanic infrared thermometry: a non-invasive index of asymmetric cerebral activity Normatização da termometria timpânica por infravermelho: um indicador não-invasivo de atividade cerebral assimétrica
Danielle Cicarini de Landa; Joaquim P. Brasil-Neto; Raphael Boechat-Barros; Carlos Uribe
Human and primate studies have demonstrated that performance of tasks that induce asymmetrical physiological activation of the cerebral hemispheres leads to a reduction of tympanic temperature (TT) ipsilateral to the most active hemisphere. It is possible that diseases that interfere in an asymmetrical fashion with the degree of cerebral activity cause similar TT changes. There are not, however, normative studies of the acceptable interaural difference in TT in normal subjects at rest. This s...
Midazolam por via oral como medicação pré-anestésica em crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: estudo comparativo das variações do índice bispectral Midazolam por vía oral como medicación preanestésica en niños y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral: estudio comparativo de las variaciones del índice bispectral Oral midazolam as pre-anesthetic medication in children and teenagers with cerebral palsy: a comparative study on the variations of the bispectral index
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Verônica Vieira da Costa
grupo de pacientes que presentan una serie de particularidades, con alteraciones inclusive en la región de la acción del midazolam. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la acción del midazolam utilizado como medicación preanestésica sobre el índice bispectral (EEG-BIS de los pacientes con parálisis cerebral. MÉTODO: Se evaluaron dos grupos de pacientes: uno con diagnóstico de PC y el otro sin enfermedad del sistema nervioso central (SNC y periférico. Se registraron valores de EEG-BIS en la enfermería en la víspera de la operación y el día de la operación, 40 minutos después de la administración de 0,6 mg.kg-1 de midazolam por vía oral. Quedaron excluidos pacientes con historial de reacción paradoxal al midazolam y pacientes del grupo control que estuviesen usando otra medicación. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 77 pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 4 y 18 años de edad. No hubo diferencia entre los valores de EEG-BIS basal entre los grupos estudiados. Después del uso del midazolam hubo una reducción de los valores del EEG-BIS en los dos grupos estudiados, con diferencia estadística significativa en cada grupo. En la comparación entre los grupos no hubo diferencia estadística. CONCLUSIONES: El midazolam administrado como medicación preanestésica en la dosis de 0,6 mg.kg-1 redujo los valores basales del EEG-BIS sin caracterizar la hipnosis y sin diferencia estadística en los grupos estudiados.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Midazolam is a benzodiazepine with hypnotic action widely used as pre-anesthetic medication in pediatric anesthesia. Children with cerebral palsy (CP also benefit from the use of midazolam, but its effects on this group of patients, who present several particularities, including changes at the site of action of midazolam, are still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of midazolam, when used as pre-anesthetic medication, on the bispectral index (EEG-BIS of patients with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Two groups of
... Resources Home | Accommodation and Compliance Series: Employees with Cerebral Palsy (CP) By Eddie Whidden, MA Preface Introduction Information ... SOAR) at http://AskJAN.org/soar. Information about Cerebral Palsy (CP) What is CP? Cerebral palsy is a ...
Parálisis cerebral Cerebral palsy
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Jorge Malagon Valdez
Full Text Available El término parálisis cerebral (PC engloba a un gran número de síndromes neurológicos clínicos, de etiología diversa. Estos síndromes se caracterizan por tener una sintomatología común: los trastornos motores. Algunos autores prefieren manejar términos como "encefalopatía fija", "encefalopatías no evolutivas". Se mencionan la utilidad de programas de intervención temprana y métodos especiales de rehabilitación, así como el manejo de las deficiencias asociadas como la epilepsia, deficiencia mental, trastornos del lenguaje, audición, visión, déficit de la atención que mejoran el pronóstico de manera significativa. El pronóstico también depende de la gravedad del padecimiento y de las manifestaciones asociadas.The term cerebral palsy (CP, is used for a great number of clinical neurological syndromes. The syndromes are characterized by having a common cause, motor defects. It is important, because they can cause a brain damage by presenting motor defects and some associated deficiencies, such as mental deficiency, epilepsy, language and visual defects and pseudobulbar paralysis, with the nonevolving fact. Some authors prefer using terms such as "non-evolving encephalopathies". In the treatment the utility of prevention programs of early stimulation and special rehabilitation methods, and treatment of associated deficiencies such as epilepsy, mental deficiency, language, audition and visual problems, and the attention deficit improve the prognosis in an important way. The prognosis depends on the severity of the disease and the associated manifestations.
Entrenamiento de la capacidad aeróbica por medio de la terapia acuática en niños con parálisis cerebral tipo diplejía espástica
Fajardo, Nandy; Moscoso, Fabiola
Los autores de este artículo pretenden identificar las características que debe tener una propuesta de intervención fisioterapéutica para el entrenamiento de la capacidad aérobica en niños y niñas entre los 8 y los 12 años, con parálisis cerebral tipo diplejía espástica, empleando la terapia acuática.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper reviews cranial MR findings in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) to clarify and categorize this disorder. The MR images of 40 patients with clinical CP were retrospectively reviewed. All patients suffered either varying spastic plegias, hypotonicity, or choreoathetosis. Concomitantly, the patients suffered from static encephalopathy, developmental delay, and/or microcephaly. Twenty-four patients were born at or near term, 10 were premature, and incomplete birth histories were available in six. The MR images revealed mild to severe degrees of white matter damage in 24 patients (12 term, nine premature, three unknown)
Postels, Douglas G; Birbeck, Gretchen L
Malaria, the most significant parasitic disease of man, kills approximately one million people per year. Half of these deaths occur in those with cerebral malaria (CM). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines CM as an otherwise unexplained coma in a patient with malarial parasitemia. Worldwide, CM occurs primarily in African children and Asian adults, with the vast majority (greater than 90%) of cases occurring in children 5 years old or younger in sub-Saharan Africa. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and involves infected erythrocyte sequestration, cerebral inflammation, and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. A recently characterized malarial retinopathy is visual evidence of Plasmodium falciparum's pathophysiological processes occurring in the affected patient. Treatment consists of supportive care and antimalarial administration. Thus far, adjuvant therapies have not been shown to improve mortality rates or neurological outcomes in children with CM. For those who survive CM, residual neurological abnormalities are common. Epilepsy, cognitive impairment, behavioral disorders, and gross neurological deficits which include motor, sensory, and language impairments are frequent sequelae. Primary prevention strategies, including bed nets, vaccine development, and chemoprophylaxis, are in varied states of development and implementation. Continuing efforts to find successful primary prevention options and strategies to decrease neurological sequelae are needed. PMID:23829902
Diagnosis of amebic liver abscess by means of an anzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay Diagnóstico de absceso hepático amibiano mediante el inmunoensayo enzimático ligado a una enzima (ELISA
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Jorge Humberto Botero Garcés
Full Text Available Amebic liver abscess (ALA is the most frequent extraintestinal complication of amibiasis; its clinical presentation is generally acute, and it is considered a medical emergency. Patients manifest general symptoms, accompanied by pain in the right hypochondrium that can irradiate to the shoulder; painful hepatomegalia is a suggestive but not diagnostic sign; it should be distinguished from pyogenic liver abscess and necrotic hepatoma; for the diagnostic approach to ALA imagenologic exams and laboratory tests are required, among the latter the immunologic ones. In this study we used the ELISA test for the determination of antiamebic antibodies in control ALA sera, as described by the National Institute of Health Bogotá, Colombia (7. Furthermore, 67 serum samples were evaluated from patients with clinic suspicion of ALA. Of these 70.2 were positive; there was significant difference in the positivity rate between patients from two Colombia cities, those from Bucaramanga having a higher positivity rate. El absceso hepático amibiano (aha es la complicación extraintestinal más frecuente de la amibiasis; su cuadro clínico es generalmente agudo y se lo considera una urgencia médica. Se manifiesta con síntomas generales, acompañado de dolor en hipocondrio derecho, que se puede irradiar al hombro; la hepatomegalia dolorosa es un signo sugestivo pero no diagnóstico; debe diferenciarse del absceso hepático piógeno y del hepatoma necrótico; para el enfoque diagnóstico se requieren ayudas imaginológicas y pruebas de laboratorio como las inmunológicas. En este estudio se puso a punto la prueba de ELISA para la determinación de anticuerpos antiamibianos en sueros controles de pacientes con AHA, estandarizada en el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Bogotá. Además se evaluaron 67 muestras de pacientes con sospecha clínica de AHA, procedentes del Hospital González Valencia de Bucaramanga y del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medell
Acute ischemic cerebral attack
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Franco-Garcia Samir
, statins. Some specific cases will need carotid endarterectomy, management of arrhythmia like atrial fibrillation and the study of secondary causes of cerebrovascular illness. Of the same value is the early begining of measures leading to achieve the rehabilitation and integration of the patient to the society within theses they are the interdisciplinary management with nutrition, phonoaudiology, physic therapy, psicology and others specialities. The ACS is a patology that require a multidisciplinayr and geared work to a chieve and impact in the society.RESUMENLa disminución del flujo sanguíneo cerebral por debajo del umbral de autoregulación conlleva a cambios de isquemia y necrosis cerebral, que se traducen en síntomas de disfunción neurológica focal llamado ataque cerebrovascular agudo (ACA o ictus. Dos grandes grupos según su etiología se incluyen en esta categoría el hemorrágico que constituye un 20% y el isquémico en 80% de los casos. Gran interés ha ganado el ACA isquémico por su alta carga social, siendo la tercera causa de muerte no violenta a nivel mundial y la primera de discapacidad. Muchos factores de riesgo favorecen lapresentación de estos eventos y algunos de ellos son susceptibles de modificación y por tanto se constituyen en objetivos de prevención primaria tales como el control de la diabetes, hipertensión y la práctica de hábitos saludables de vida. Los avances en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología, han llevado a cambios sustanciales en la nomenclatura y manejo del ACA isquémico. Dentro de estos cambios se sustituyó el término accidente cerebrovascular por ataque cerebrovascular agudo, haciendo énfasis en la importancia de un manejo oportuno con metas de tiempo similar al sindrome coronario agudo. Se redefinió el tiempo de ataque isquémico transitorio a una hora. Una vez instaurado el evento cerebrovascular la semiología de los síntomas con frecuencia nos permitirá realizar un diagnóstico topográfico de la lesión, que
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Two cases of histologically proven cerebral cysticercosis are presented. In both cases subcutaneous tissue nodules, a rare feature, were present. Several disease patterns are apparent - meningeal, parenchymatous and ventricular, spinal cord lesions and mixed patterns. Epilepsy is by far the major presenting symptom of cysticercosis, which in turn plays a significant role in the causation of adult-onset epilepsy in Blacks. Despite its drawbacks, the haemag-glutination inhibition test remains the most satisfactory serological method at present available for the diagnosis of cysticercosis; it is positive in up to 85% of cases of proven cysticercosis. With the advent of computed tomography many cases of unsuspected cysticercosis (symptomatic or asymptomatic) are being discovered
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Knežević-Pogančev Marija
Introduction. Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in early childhood. Epilepsy is known to have a high association with cerebral palsy. All types of epileptic seizures can be seen in patients with cerebral palsy. Complex partial and secondary generalized ones are the most frequent seizure types. In persons with cerebral palsy and mental retardation, the diagnosis of epilepsy presents unique difficulties. Generally they are not able to describe the epileptic ev...
Paralisia Facial Periférica por comprometimento do tronco cerebral: A propósito de um caso clínico Peripheral Facial Paralisys of brainstem origin: A clinical case description
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Paulo R. Lazarini
Full Text Available É apresentado um caso clínico de paciente portador de paralisia facial periférica com comprometimento de toda a hemiface direita. Durante a investigação clínica, esperava-se que o comprometimento topográfico do nervo facial se desse a partir de sua emergência na ponte. Após exames de imagem, evidenciou-se lesão expansiva no tronco cerebral. Deste modo, a classificação de paralisia facial como periférica ou central não atende a este caso. O uso de uma classificação utilizando os núcleos do nervo facial como referência pode ser mais adequado na investigação clínica da paralisia facial.It is presented a clinical case of a patient with a peripheral facial paralysis with hemifacial compromise. During the clinical investigation it was expected that the topographic compromise of the facial nerve would arise out of the emergence of the nerve from the pons. After some image examinations, an expansive brain trunk lesion was evidenced. Thus, the classification of facial paralysis - either peripheral or central - is not applicable to this case. The use of a classification having the facial nerve nucleus as reference could be more adequate in the clinical investigation of the paralysis.
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Andrés Jagua
Full Text Available La insulina es una hormona con efectos sobre el metabolismo y crecimiento normal de muchas células del cuerpo. En las últimas décadas se han descubierto, además, sus efectos sobre funciones del sistema nervioso central: modulación del ciclo apetito-saciedad, función reproductiva, liberación de neurotransmisores, supervivencia neuronal y plasticidad sináptica. Las evidencias obtenidas desde modelos animales y hallazgos neuropatológicos han permitido entender parte de los mecanismos que asocian a la señal de la insulina con enfermedades neurodegenerativas como la enfermedad de Alzheimer. En este artículo se revisarán las acciones de la insulina sobre el hipotálamo, la supervivencia neuronal, la plasticidad sináptica y por último, las implicaciones de estos conocimientos en la comprensión de procesos degenerativos del sistema nervioso central como la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
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Jazmín Díaz-Barrios
Full Text Available La era actual se caracteriza por una búsqueda de la identidad del hombre, donde el pivote del cambio organizacional es el individuo; cambiar en este entorno depende, en gran medida, de los valores que imperen en la cultura de la organización. Este trabajo documental intenta identificar aquellos valores, condición sine-qua-non, para el logro de los objetivos de cambio y analizarlos a fin de determinar sus indicadores, con el objeto de presentar una herramienta a las organizaciones que les facilite adaptarse a los nuevos tiempos. Se encontró que los valores: Delegación, Comunicación, Colaboración, Participación y Aprendizaje, son esenciales en los cambios integrales de esta era. Se determinaron 20 indicadores de su presencia. Se concluye que con esta información cada ente puede elaborar instrumentos que le permitan saber si los valores requeridos están presentes y en caso contrario tomar decisiones que alineen a la organización alrededor de los valores humanistas planteados, incrementando así las posibilidades de éxito en el proceso de cambio y por ende, las posibilidades de supervivencia en esta nueva época.
Cerebral angiography in leptomeningitis and cerebritis
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This is a report of the cerebral angiographic findings in cases of meningitis and cerebritis. Fifty-nine patients, 38 of whom were under 1 year of age, underwent cerebral angiography by means of femoral catheterization. All the patients had signs of increased intracranial pressure, seizures, focal cerebral signs, positive transillumination of the head, and or abnormal brain scan findings. A few patients who did not respond to systemic antibiotics as was expected were also evaluated by means of cerebral angiography. The following characteristic angiographic findings were observed in 18 cases of active meningitis: (1) A hasy appearance around the arteries (halo formation) between the late arterial and capillary phases. (2) Narrowing of the arteries in the basal cistern. This sometimes extended to the peripheral arteries. (3) Irregular caliber following the narrowing of arteries (in few cases). (4) Circulation time so slow that veins could be seen in the late arterial phase. (5) Halo formation around the anterior chroidal artery and the clear appearance of the choroid plexus in the venous phase (when the infectious process reached the choroid plexus). Cerebritis could be identified on the angiograms by two signs: (1) local swelling of the brain (mainly the temporal lobe) and (2) staining around the veins without any abnormal signs in the arterial phase (laminar staining). In conclusion, angiography is a meaningful test by which to determine the phase of meningitis and cerebritis. These two conditions should be treated based on valid information obtained by means of CSF examinations and neuroradiological tests, especially CT scan and cerebral angiography. (author)
Aspergilose cerebral em paciente imunocompetente Cerebral Aspergillus abscess in immunocompetent patient
Geraldo Pianetti Filho; Enio Roberto Pietra Pedroso; Alexandre Varela Giannetti; Rogério Darwich
Descrevemos um caso raro de aspergilose cerebral, como complicação de cirurgia para aneurisma cerebral, em paciente imunocompetente, e com sucesso no tratamento. A paciente, de 40 anos, havia sido submetida a craniotomia para clipagem de aneurisma da artéria pericalosa. Após cinco meses, no sitio cirúrgico, surgiram múltiplos abscessos por Aspergillus sp. Foram necessárias duas craniotomias para a retirada da massa fúngica e uso de anfotericina B. Após 14 anos de acompanhamento, a evolução mo...
Fiebre, derrame pleural y lesión osteolítica en paciente con infección por VIH Fever, pleural effusion and osteolytic lesion in a patient with HIV infection
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J.I. Aláez
Full Text Available Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 28 años que consultó por fiebre de hasta 40,8ºC, dolor pleurítico en costado derecho y aparición de una masa dolorosa en la extremidad inferior izquierda de cuatro días de evolución. Mediante tomografía axial computerizada (TAC se objetivó la existencia de una condensación en el lóbulo medio del pulmón derecho con derrame pleural asociado y patrón miliar bilateral. El estudio ecográfico de la extremidad inferior izquierda mostró una masa de partes blandas de aspecto quístico con destrucción de la cortical del peroné y destrucción ósea. La resonancia magnética confirmó la presencia de osteomielitis en el peroné izquierdo y de un absceso de partes blandas asociado. En el material obtenido por punción del citado absceso así como en tres muestras de esputo se aisló Mycobacterium tuberculosis, estableciéndose el diagnóstico de tuberculosis diseminada con afectación pulmonar miliar, osteomielitis peronea y absceso tuberculoso de partes blandas. Se inició tratamiento antituberculoso (rifampicina, isoniacida y pirazinamida seguido, dos semanas después, de tratamiento antirretroviral (AZT, 3TC y NVP. La paciente desarrolló un cuadro de erupción cutánea generalizada que desapareció tras la sustitución de la rifampicina por etambutol. Ante la persistencia de la masa de partes blandas, tras cinco semanas de tratamiento antituberculoso se procedió al drenaje quirúrgico del absceso. La evolución posterior fue favorable, permaneciendo la paciente asintomática al mes de ser dada de alta.We present the case of a 28 year old patient who came for consultation on a fever of up to 40.8º C, pleuritic pain on the right side and the appearance of a painful mass in the lower left extremity of four days evolution. Computerised axial tomography (CAT showed the existence of a condensation in the middle lobe of the right lung with associated pleural effusion and bilateral miliary pattern. The
Pansinusitis y afectación intracraneal por implante dental Pansinusitis and intracranial impact of a dental implant
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Josep Rubio-Palau
Full Text Available Las sinusitis odontógenas son una patología relativamente frecuente causada por infecciones dentales, quistes periapicales así como tras procedimientos bucodentales como una endodoncia, una elevación sinusal o la colocación de un implante. A continuación se presenta un caso extremo de una pansinusitis derecha con fistulización a espacio epidural causada por un implante osteointegrado. Ante la sospecha de una sinusitis maxilar de origen odontogénico se debe iniciar rápidamente un tratamiento antibiótico correcto y un seguimiento estrecho ya que pueden tener consecuencias fatales como la pérdida de un ojo, abscesos cerebrales o incluso la muerte.Odontogenic sinusitis is a relatively common disease caused by dental infections, periapical cysts and oral procedures such as root canal, sinus lift or implant placement. We report an extreme case of a right pansinusitis with an epidural space fistula caused by osseointegrated implants. When maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin is suspected, we should quickly start effective antibiotic treatment and monitor the patient closely because odontogenic sinusitis can have serious consequences, such as the loss of an eye, brain abscess or death.
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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
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Saini Monica
Full Text Available Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes (RCVS are a group of disorders that have in common an acute presentation with headache, reversible vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries, with or without neurological signs and symptoms. In contrast to primary central nervous system vasculitis, they have a relatively benign course. We describe here a patient who was diagnosed with RCVS.
Aspergilose cerebral em paciente imunocompetente Cerebral Aspergillus abscess in immunocompetent patient
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Geraldo Pianetti Filho
Full Text Available Descrevemos um caso raro de aspergilose cerebral, como complicação de cirurgia para aneurisma cerebral, em paciente imunocompetente, e com sucesso no tratamento. A paciente, de 40 anos, havia sido submetida a craniotomia para clipagem de aneurisma da artéria pericalosa. Após cinco meses, no sitio cirúrgico, surgiram múltiplos abscessos por Aspergillus sp. Foram necessárias duas craniotomias para a retirada da massa fúngica e uso de anfotericina B. Após 14 anos de acompanhamento, a evolução mostra resolução da aspergilose, sem seqüela. O tratamento do abscesso cerebral por Aspergilus exige acompanhamento clínico contínuo, repetidas drenagens cirúrgicas intracranianas e o uso de anfotericina B no tratamento medicamentoso.We report an unusual case of brain aspergillosis with multiple recurrent abscess in a 40 years-old immunocompetent woman, with good therapeutical outcome. The patient presented a subaracnoid hemorhage caused by a ruptured pericalosal artery aneurysm and was submitted to a craniotomy for aneurysm surgery. Five months later, she developed multiple Aspergillus cerebral abscess. Two craniotomies and amphotericin B became necessary during treatment. Fourteen years later, she is asymptomatic. Treatment of brain aspergillosis abscess implied the combination of both surgical and drug therapy with amphotericin B.
Diagnóstico de doenças metabólicas do sistema nervoso da infância por exame ultra-estrutural de tecido não cerebral Diagnosis of metabolic diseases of the nervous system in children through ultrastructural analysis of non cerebral tissue.
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ceroid-lipofuscinosis, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy or Lafora disease. We present our experience with ultrastructural analysis in 582 exams of ocular conjunctiva (n=320, skin (n=92 or peripheral nerve (n=170 performed between 1975 and 1996, in 486 children. In 112 cases there were definit ultrastructural changes. In 59 cases, the sole ultrastructural exam allowed the diagnosis. In 29, the changes were less specific, and the final diagnosis was performed by a combination of clinical and pathological analysis. In the remaining 24 cases, a generic diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis was done in 8 cases, oligosaccharidosis in 4 cases and GM2 gangliosidosis in 12 cases. Whenever a biochemical test was performed in overseas laboratories, the initial diagnosis was confirmed. These results stress the importance of ultrastructural analysis in non-cerebral tissues for the diagnosis of many metabolic disorders mainly when biochemical tests cannot be performed.
Cerebral haematocrit measurement
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Regional cerebral haematocrit was measured in a group of sixteen subjects by the single-photon emission computerized tomography method. This group included three normal subjects as controls and thirteen patients affected with ischaemic cerebral disease presenting clinically with transient ischaemic attacks-six patients - or recent cerebral stroke - seven patients. Two intravenous radioactive tracers - technetium-99m labelled autologous red blood cells and Tc-99m human serum albumin were used. Cerebral tomographic imaging was performed using a rotating scintillation camera. The values of cerebral haematocrit obtained, taken as a ratio to venous haematocrit, range between 0.65-0.88 in the subjects studied. As a general finding in normal subjects and in patients with transient ischaemic attacks, no significant difference between right and left hemispheric haematocrit value was noted. However, in the group of patients affected with stroke, a significant difference in the right versus left hemispheric Hct was observed in 3 patients, the higher Hct value corresponding to the affected side. The clinical implication is on the emphasis of cerebral Hct measurement when the measurement of cerebral blood flow or volume is sought. Also the variation in regional Hct value observed in patients with stroke, above mentioned, points to a regulation mechanism of the blood composition for optimal oxygen delivery to the brain that is impaired in these patients. 14 refs. (Author)
Unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We evaluated six children in whom MR imaging showed unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with ipsilateral cerebral atrophy and ipsilateral brain stem atrophy. The aim of this study was to clarify whether this disorder based on neuroimaging constitutes a new homogeneous clinical entity. The subjects were six children whose ages at the time of MR imaging ranged from 8 months to 11 years. Their clinical and MR features were analyzed. All of the children were born between 38 and 42 weeks gestation, without any significant perinatal events. Spastic hemiplegia and epilepsy were observed in all of the patients, and mental retardation was observed in four. The MR findings included unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy and ipsilateral brain stem atrophy in all patients. The ipsilateral sylvian fissure was hypoplastic in four patients. These patients showed relatively homogeneous clinical and neuroimaging features. Although the additional clinical features varied according to the site and the extent affected by the polymicrogyria, this disorder could constitute a new relatively homogeneous clinical entity. (orig.)
Unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy
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Hayakawa, Katsumi [Department of Radiology, Kyoto City Hospital, 1-2 Higashi-Takada-cho, Mibu, Nakagyo-ku, 604-8845 Kyoto (Japan); Kanda, Toyoko; Yamori, Yuriko [Department of Pediatric Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital for Handicapped Children, 603-8323 Kyoto (Japan)
We evaluated six children in whom MR imaging showed unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with ipsilateral cerebral atrophy and ipsilateral brain stem atrophy. The aim of this study was to clarify whether this disorder based on neuroimaging constitutes a new homogeneous clinical entity. The subjects were six children whose ages at the time of MR imaging ranged from 8 months to 11 years. Their clinical and MR features were analyzed. All of the children were born between 38 and 42 weeks gestation, without any significant perinatal events. Spastic hemiplegia and epilepsy were observed in all of the patients, and mental retardation was observed in four. The MR findings included unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy and ipsilateral brain stem atrophy in all patients. The ipsilateral sylvian fissure was hypoplastic in four patients. These patients showed relatively homogeneous clinical and neuroimaging features. Although the additional clinical features varied according to the site and the extent affected by the polymicrogyria, this disorder could constitute a new relatively homogeneous clinical entity. (orig.)
Neonatal Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis
J Gordon Millichap
The presentation, treatment, and outcome of neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (SVT) were studied in 42 children, using neurology clinic records (1986-2005) at Indiana University School of Medicine.
... cerebral aneurysm from forming. People with a diagnosed brain aneurysm should carefully control high blood pressure, stop smoking, and avoid cocaine use or other stimulant drugs. They should also ...
... Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice . 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier ... al. Course of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation. Neurology. 2007;68:1411-1416. PMID: 17452586 www.ncbi. ...
Acute ischemic cerebral attack
Franco-Garcia Samir; Barreiro-Pinto Belis
The decrease of the cerebral blood flow below the threshold of autoregulation led to changes of cerebral ischemia and necrosis that traduce in signs and symtoms of focal neurologic dysfunction called acute cerebrovascular symdrome (ACS) or stroke. Two big groups according to its etiology are included in this category the hemorragic that constitue a 20% and the ischemic a 80% of cases. Great interest has wom the ischemic ACS because of its high social burden, being the third cause of no violen...
Cerebral aneurysms and inflammation
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Toshihiro Yokoi
Full Text Available Multiple inflammatory factors, playing a crucial role in cerebral aneurysm formation, have been identified. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α has been revealed to have a close connection with several risk factors that affect aneurysm formation. Remarkable expression in aneurysm walls of mRNA for TNF-α has been observed in humans. Possible therapeutic interventions to reduce the formation of cerebral aneurysms may include the inhibition of mediators of inflammation.
Rehabilitation in cerebral palsy.
Molnar, G. E.
Cerebral palsy is the most frequent physical disability of childhood onset. Over the past four decades, prevalence has remained remarkably constant at 2 to 3 per 1,000 live births in industrialized countries. In this article I concentrate on the rehabilitation and outcome of patients with cerebral palsy. The epidemiologic, pathogenetic, and diagnostic aspects are highlighted briefly as they pertain to the planning and implementation of the rehabilitation process.
Sartwelle, Thomas P.; Johnston, James C.
The cardinal driver of cerebral palsy litigation is electronic fetal monitoring, which has continued unabated for 40 years. Electronic fetal monitoring, however, is based on 19th-century childbirth myths, a virtually nonexistent scientific foundation, and has a false positive rate exceeding 99%. It has not affected the incidence of cerebral palsy. Electronic fetal monitoring has, however, increased the cesarian section rate, with the expected increase in mortality and morbidity risks to mothe...
Nanomedicine in cerebral palsy
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Balakrishnan B
Full Text Available Bindu Balakrishnan,1 Elizabeth Nance,1 Michael V Johnston,2 Rangaramanujam Kannan,3 Sujatha Kannan1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA; 2Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: Cerebral palsy is a chronic childhood disorder that can have diverse etiologies. Injury to the developing brain that occurs either in utero or soon after birth can result in the motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits seen in cerebral palsy. Although the etiologies for cerebral palsy are variable, neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of the brain injury irrespective of the etiology. Currently, there is no effective cure for cerebral palsy. Nanomedicine offers a new frontier in the development of therapies for prevention and treatment of brain injury resulting in cerebral palsy. Nanomaterials such as dendrimers provide opportunities for the targeted delivery of multiple drugs that can mitigate several pathways involved in injury and can be delivered specifically to the cells that are responsible for neuroinflammation and injury. These materials also offer the opportunity to deliver agents that would promote repair and regeneration in the brain, resulting not only in attenuation of injury, but also enabling normal growth. In this review, the current advances in nanotechnology for treatment of brain injury are discussed with specific relevance to cerebral palsy. Future directions that would facilitate clinical translation in neonates and children are also addressed. Keywords: dendrimer, cerebral palsy, neuroinflammation, nanoparticle, neonatal brain injury, G4OH-PAMAM
Clinical Neuroimaging of cerebral ischemia
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Notice points in clinical imaging of cerebral ischemia are reviewed. When cerebral blood flow is determined in acute stage of cerebral embolism (cerebral blood flow SPECT), it is important to find area of ischemic core and ischemic penumbra. When large cortex area is assigned to ischemic penumbra, thrombolytic therapy is positively adapted, but cautious correspondence is necessary when ischemic core is recognized. DWI is superior in the detection of area equivalent to ischemic core of early stage, but, in imaging of area equivalent to ischemic penumbra, perfusion image or distribution image of cerebral blood volume (CBV) by MRI need to be combined. Luxury perfusion detected by cerebral blood flow SPECT in the cases of acute cerebral embolism suggests vascular recanalization, but a comparison with CT/MRI and continuous assessment of cerebral circulation dynamics were necessary in order to predict brain tissue disease (metabolic abnormality). In hemodynamic cerebral ischemia, it is important to find stage 2 equivalent to misery perfusion by quantification of cerebral blood flow SPECT. Degree of diaschisis can indicate seriousness of brain dysfunction for lacuna infarct. Because cerebral circulation reserve ability (perfusion pressure) is normal in all areas of the low cerebral blood flow by diaschisis mechanism, their areas are easily distinguished from those of hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. (K.H.)
Sotos syndrome (cerebral gigantism): analysis of 8 cases Síndrome de Sotos (gigantismo cerebral): análise de 8 casos
Débora Gusmão Melo; Angelina Xavier Acosta; Maria Aparecida de Almeida Salles; João Monteiro de Pina-Neto; José Daniel Vieira Castro; Antonio Carlos Santos
Sotos syndrome or cerebral gigantism is characterized by macrocephaly, overgrowth, mental retardation and central nervous system abnormalities. Congenital heart defects may be present. We report 8 patients with this syndrome and relate their clinical features, neuroimaging and echocardiographic findings.A síndrome de Sotos ou gigantismo cerebral é caracterizada por macrocefalia, hipercrescimento, dismorfias faciais típicas, deficiência mental e alterações do sistema nervoso central. Malformaç...
Terapia Miofuncional en pacientes con parálisis cerebral
Gónzalez Amigo, José
En el presente trabajo, se va a llevar a cabo una visión de la parálisis cerebral desde el punto de vista de la motricidad. La parálisis cerebral es una patología que se caracteriza fundamentalmente por una alteración a nivel motriz, que puede afectar a las diferentes extremidades así como a los órganos involucrados en el habla. Estas limitaciones en la región orofacial pueden producir importantes distorsiones y como consecuencia el discurso puede resultar ininteligible para los interlocutore...
La parálisis cerebral en el cine
Merino Marcos, María Lucila
[ES] En los últimos veinticinco años se han rodado un número importante de películas en las que el protagonista o algún personaje secundario presentaban o simulaban una parálisis cerebral. Estos personajes en ocasiones han sido interpretados por personas con minusvalías. En la narración de su historia las cintas han incluido diversos aspectos sanitario-asistenciales, sociales y familiares obligados en el campo de la parálisis cerebral. [EN] In the last twenty-five years, a number of import...
Cerebral palsy and multiple births.
Pharoah, P. O.; Cooke, T
AIM: To compare the birthweight specific prevalence of cerebral palsy in singleton and multiple births. METHODS: Registered births of babies with cerebral palsy born to mothers resident in the counties of Merseyside and Cheshire during the period 1982 to 1989 were ascertained. RESULTS: The crude prevalence of cerebral palsy was 2.3 per 1000 infant survivors in singletons, 12.6 in twins, and 44.8 in triplets. The prevalence of cerebral palsy rose with decreasing birthweight. The birthweight sp...
Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Christensen, Thomas
Focal cerebral ischemia due to occlusion of a major cerebral artery is the cause of ischemic stroke which is a major reason of mortality, morbidity and disability in the populations of the developed countries. In the seven studies summarized in the thesis focal ischemia in rats induced by occlusion...... of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) was used as an experimental model of ischemic stroke. MCAO produces an acute lesion consisting of an ischemic core or focus with severely reduced blood flow surrounded by a borderzone or ischemic penumbra with less pronounced blood flow reduction. Cells in the...... radical scavenger α-PBN on the periinfarct depolarizations and infarct volume was investigated. In study number six, the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport complexes I, II and IV was evaluated histochemically during reperfusion after MCAO in order to assess the possible role of mitochondrial...
Cerebral hemodynamics in migraine
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hachinski, V C; Olesen, Jes; Norris, J W;
Clinical and angiographic findings in migraine are briefly reviewed in relation to cerebral hemodynamic changes shown by regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies. Three cases of migraine studied by the intracarotid xenon 133 method during attacks are reported. In classic migraine, with typical...... prodromal symptoms, a decrease in cerebral blood flow has been demonstrated during the aura. Occasionally, this flow decrease persists during the headache phase. In common migraine, where such prodromata are not seen, a flow decrease has not been demonstrated. During the headache phase of both types of...... migraine, rCBF has usually been found to be normal or in the high range of normal values. The high values may represent postischemic hyperemia, but are probably more frequently secondary to arousal caused by pain. Thus, during the headache phase rCBF may be subnormal, normal or high. These findings do not...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A cerebral abscess (CA) is a focal, infectious process only or multiple, located in the cerebral parenchyma that produces tisular lysis and it behaves like a lesion of space occupative, being a suppurative illness, who origin is a distant infection, or for continuity that studies initially as an area of focal cerebritis and it is developed to a collection surrounded purulent. At the moment they are perfecting technical and protocols diagnoses and therapeutic and measures for allow to control the natural history of the illness, making from the confrontation to this pathology a necessarily interdisciplinary complicated art, stiller in the infantile population, due to their difficulty in the diagnosis and the relevance of the same one. The paper includes epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, localization, pathology, clinic, diagnoses, treatment and diagnostic images
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A case of cerebral fat embolism is reported. A 18-year-old patient with multiple bone fractures was in semiconma immediately after an injury. Brain CT showed no brain swelling or intracranial hematoma. Hypoxemia and alcoholemia were noted on admission, which returned to normal without improvement of consciousness level. In addition, respiratory symptoms with positive radiographic changes, tachycardia, pyrexia, sudden drop in hemoglobin level, and sudden thrombocytopenia developed. These symptoms were compatible with Gurd's criteria of systemic fat embolism. Eight days after injury, multiple low density areas appeared on CT and disappeared within the subsequent two weeks, and subdural effusion with cerebral atrophy developed. These CT findings were not considered due to cerebral trauma. Diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism was made. The subdural effusion was drained. Neurologic and pulmonary recoveries took place slowly and one month following the injury the patient became alert and exhibited fully coordinated limb movement. The CT scans of the present case well corresponded with hitherto reported pathological findings. Petechiae in the white matter must have developed on the day of injury, which could not be detected by CT examination. It is suggested that some petechial regions fused to purpuras and then gradually resolved when they were detected as multiple low density areas on CT. CT in the purpuras phase would have shown these lesions as high density areas. These lesions must have healed with formation of tiny scars and blood pigment which were demonstrated as the disappearance of multiple low density areas by CT examination. Cerebral atrophy and subsequent subdural effusion developed as a result of demyelination. The patient took the typical clinical course of cerebral fat embolism and serial CT scans served for its assessment. (author)
Cerebral palsy and congenital malformations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Garne, Ester; Dolk, Helen; Krägeloh-Mann, Inge;
were reported to have a congenital malformation. The majority (8.6% of all children) were diagnosed with a cerebral malformation. The most frequent types of cerebral malformations were microcephaly and hydrocephaly. Non-cerebral malformations were present in 97 CP children and in further 14 CP children...
Cerebral atrophic and degenerative changes following various cerebral diseases, (1)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Patients having cerebral atrophic and degenerative changes following hypoglycemia, cerebral contusion, or cerebral hypoxia including cerebrovascular disorders were reported. Description was made as to cerebral changes visualized on CT images and clinical courses of a patient who revived 10 minutes after heart stoppage during neurosurgery, a newborn with asphyxia, a patient with hypoglycemia, a patient who suffered from asphyxia by an accident 10 years before, a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning at an acute stage, a patient who had carbon monoxide poisoning 10 years before, a patient with diffuse cerebral ischemic changes, a patient with cerebral edema around metastatic tumor, a patient with respiration brain, a patient with neurological sequelae after cerebral contusion, a patient who had an operation to excise right parietal lobe artery malformation, and a patient who was shooted by a machine gun and had a lead in the brain for 34 years. (Tsunoda, M.)
A importância da musicoterapia na paralisia cerebral:perceção da equipa multiprofissional
Ribeiro, Emanuela Aurora Nunes
Esta dissertação foca quais os benefícios que uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral pode alcançar ao frequentar a Musicoterapia. Neste sentido, a temática-alvo em análise é a paralisia cerebral, debruçando-se no contributo da área da Música no desenvolvimento cognitivo de uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral segundo vários autores e segundo uma equipa multiprofissional. O indivíduo com paralisia cerebral pode ter os seus movimentos afetados bem como a postura que pode ser causada por uma lesão ...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Neuroradiological techniques were used to elucidate pathophysiology of recurrent cerebral thrombosis. Twenty-two patients with cerebral thrombosis who suffered a second attack under stable conditions more than 22 days after the initial stroke were studied. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia were also seen in 20, 8, and 12 patients, respectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to their symptoms: (I) symptoms differed between the first and second strokes (n=12); (II) initial symptoms were suddenly deteriorated (n=6); and (III) symptoms occurring in groups I and II were seen (n=4). In group I, contralateral hemiparesis or suprabulbar palsy was often associated with the initial hemiparesis. The time of recurrent stroke varied from 4 months to 9 years. CT and MRI showed not only lacunae in both hemispheres, but also deep white-matter ischemia of the centrum semi-ovale. In group II, hemiparesis or visual field defect was deteriorated early after the initial stroke. In addition, neuroimaging revealed that infarction in the posterior cerebral artery was progressed on the contralateral side, or that white matter lesion in the middle artery was enlarged in spite of small lesion in the left cerebral hemisphere. All patients in group III had deterioration of right hemiparesis associated with aphasia. CT, MRI, SPECT, and angiography indicated deep white-matter ischemia caused by main trunk lesions in the left hemisphere. Group III seemed to be equivalent to group II, except for laterality of the lesion. Neuroradiological assessment of the initial stroke may help to predict the mode of recurrence, although pathophysiology of cerebral thrombosis is complicated and varies from patient to patient. (N.K.)
O sujeito cerebral e o movimento da neurodiversidade
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francisco Ortega
Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o movimento da neurodiversidade organizado basicamente por autistas chamados de alto funcionamento que consideram que o autismo não é uma doença a ser tratada, mas uma diferença humana, a qual deve ser respeitada como outras diferenças. O movimento da "neurodiversidade" deve ser inserido em um marco sociocultural e histórico mais amplo que incorpore o impacto crescente no imaginário cultural dos saberes e das práticas neurocientíficas com o paradigma do sujeito cerebral e a expansão da neurocultura. No contexto do sujeito cerebral, o cérebro responde por tudo o que outrora costumávamos atribuir à pessoa e vem se tornando um critério biossocial de agrupamento fundamental. O artigo mostra como uma ideologia solipsista, reducionista e cientificista - o sujeito cerebral - pode servir de base para a formação de identidade e de redes de sociabilidade e comunidade.This article analyzes the neurodiversity movement, organized mostly by so-called high-functioning autists, who consider that autism is not a disease to be treated, but rather a human difference that should be respected alongside other differences. The "neurodiversity" movement must be set within a wider sociocultural and historical field that incorporates the growing impact of neuroscientific knowledge and practices in the cultural imagination with the paradigm of the cerebral subject and the expansion of neuroculture. In the context of the cerebral subject, the brain accounts for all that we used to attribute to the person, and it is becoming a fundamental criterion for biosocial grouping. The article shows how a solipsist, reductionist and scientificist ideology - the cerebral subject - can act as the basis for the formation of identity and networks of sociability and community.
Cerebral infarction showed hyperperfusion pattern on radionuclide cerebral angiography
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Four patients of middle cerebral infarctin showed hyperperfusion on radionuclide cerebral angiography and fan-shape accumulation at the area of middle cerebral artery on early and delayed brain scan. In these patients, bone scanning agents such as sup(99m)Tc-EHDP or sup(99m)Tc-MDP also prominently accumulated at the area of infarction. These findings were observed on the study when it was performed within seventeen days after attack, but reexamination tended to show normal or decreased perfusion on radionuclide cerebral angiography and improve abnormal accumulation on brain scans. The clinical diagnosis of these three patients were cerebral embolism with heart disease, but one patient was internal carotid artery occlusion. The prognosis of all patients were very good. The hyperperfusion on radionuclide cerebral angiography of these patients represents the luxury perfusion in the lesion and these infarction has been called hot stroke by Yarnell et al. (author)
Patología infecciosa: vulvovaginitis, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, abscesos tubo-ováricos Infectious pathology: vulvovaginitis, sexually transmitted diseases, pelvic inflammatory disease, tubo-ovarian abscesses
M. Ibarrola; Benito, J; B. Azcona; N. Zubeldía
Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual son aquellas en las que la principal vía de infección es el contacto íntimo. Son numerosas las pacientes que acuden a urgencias por esta causa, tanto por la clínica como por las implicaciones sociales. Los síntomas más frecuentes son dolor abdominal bajo, sangrados vaginales, o flujo vaginal excesivo o molesto. Las vulvovaginitis son uno de los problemas principales en la práctica clínica diaria del ginecólogo. La úlcera genital cuya etiología principal ...
Papiledema unilateral na síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral
Mário L. R. Monteiro; Hoyt, William F.; Richard K. Imes; Michael Narahara
São apresentadas as fotografias de fundo de olho de 6 mulheres com papiledema unilateral e a síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral. Achados associados foram: obesidade em 5 e a sindrome da sela vazia parcial em 2. São discutidas as possíveis explicações para o desenvolvimento de papiledema unilateral nesses pacientes e que favorecem um mecanismo presente na porção distal dos nervos ópticos.
Phenylpropanolamine and cerebral hemorrhage
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Computerized tomography, carotid angiograms, and arteriography were used to diagnose several cases of cerebral hemorrhage following the use of phenylpropanolamine. The angiographic picture in one of the three cases was similar to that previously described in association with amphetamine abuse and pseudoephedrine overdose, both substances being chemically and pharmacologically similar to phenylpropanolamine. The study suggests that the arterial change responsible for symptoms may be due to spasm rather than arteriopathy. 14 references, 5 figures
Nanomedicine in cerebral palsy
Balakrishnan B; Nance E; Johnston MV; Kannan R; Kannan S
Bindu Balakrishnan,1 Elizabeth Nance,1 Michael V Johnston,2 Rangaramanujam Kannan,3 Sujatha Kannan1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA; 2Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: Cerebral palsy is a chronic childhood disorder that can have diverse etiologies. Injury to the...
Haak, Peterson; Lenski, Madeleine; HIDECKER, MARY JO COOLEY; Li, Min; Paneth, Nigel
Cerebral palsy (CP), the most common major disabling motor disorder of childhood, is frequently thought of as a condition that affects only children. Deaths in children with CP, never common, have in recent years become very rare, unless the child is very severely and multiply disabled. Thus, virtually all children assigned the diagnosis of CP will survive into adulthood. Attention to the adult with CP has been sparse, and the evolution of the motor disorder as the individual moves through ad...
Shaw, N J; White, C. P.; Fraser, W. D.; ROSENBLOOM, L.
The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was assessed in nine non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy combined with measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and urinary calcium excretion. Three children with recurrent fractures received treatment with bisphosphonates for periods ranging from 12-18 months. All the children demonstrated a severe reduction in bone mineral density even when allowance was made for their body weight. There were no consistent abnormaliti...
Radiopharmaceuticals for cerebral studies
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For obtain good brain scintillation images in nuclear medicine must be used several radiopharmaceuticals. Cerebral studies give a tumors visual image as well as brain anomalities detection and are helpful in the diagnostic diseases . Are described in this work: a cerebrum radiopharmaceuticals classification,labelled compounds proceeding and Tc 99m good properties in for your fast caption, post administration and blood purification for renal way
Salghetti, Annamaria; Martinuzzi, Andrea
Abstract. Feeding problemsare often present in children with neuromotor impairment: dysphagia is usuallyseen in the most severe form of cerebral palsy and it's defined as thedifficulty with any of the four phases of swallowing. Clinical consequences aremalnutrition and recurrent chest infections that reduce expected duration andquality of life. In order to prevent these consequences it's important todetect with clinical and instrumental examinations dysphagia symptoms and totreat them. Clinic...
Perfusion MRI in cerebral infarction
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Purpose: To investigate the hemodynamic changes in patients with acute cerebral stroke by perfusion MRI. Materials and methods: In 12 patients with acute stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, perfusion MRI was performed. Peak time, mean transit time, regional cerebral blood volume and regional cerebral blood flow were calculated in the infarction, the peri-infarction area and the contralateral hemisphere. Results: In the infarction the mean blood flow was 29 ml/100 g/min, compared to about 40 ml/100 g/min in the peri-infarction area and the contralateral hemisphere. In two patients increased cortical blood flow was found in the infarction due to luxury perfusion. The cerebral blood volume was reduced in the infarction, but significantly increased, to 7.3 ml/100 g, in the peri-infarction tissue. Conclusion: Perfusion MRI allows one to differentiate various patterns of perfusion disorders in patients with acute cerebral stroke. (orig./AJ)
Hyperventilation, cerebral perfusion, and syncope
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Immink, R V; Pott, F C; Secher, N H;
dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) partial pressures so that hypercapnia/hypoxia increases and hypocapnia/hyperoxia reduces global cerebral blood flow. Cerebral hypoperfusion and TLOC have been associated with hypocapnia related to HV. Notwithstanding pronounced cerebrovascular effects of PaCO2 the......This review summarizes evidence in humans for an association between hyperventilation (HV)-induced hypocapnia and a reduction in cerebral perfusion leading to syncope defined as transient loss of consciousness (TLOC). The cerebral vasculature is sensitive to changes in both the arterial carbon...... contribution of a low PaCO2 to the early postural reduction in middle cerebral artery blood velocity is transient. HV together with postural stress does not reduce cerebral perfusion to such an extent that TLOC develops. However when HV is combined with cardiovascular stressors like cold immersion or reduced...
[Insomnia and cerebral hypoperfusion].
Káposzta, Zoltán; Rácz, Klára
Insomnia is defined as difficulty with the initiation, maintenance, duration, or quality of sleep that results in the impairment of daytime functioning, despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep. In most countries approximately every third inhabitant has insomnia. Insomnia can be classified as primary and secondary. The pathogenesis of primary insomnia is unknown, but available evidence suggests a state of hyperarousal. Insomnia secondary to other causes is more common than primary insomnia. Cerebral hypoperfusion can be the cause of insomnia in some cases. In such patients the cerebral blood flow should be improved using parenteral vascular therapy. If insomnia persists despite treatment, then therapy for primary insomnia should be instituted using benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as Zolpidem, Zopiclone, or Zaleplon. In those cases Midazolam cannot be used for the treatment of insomnia due to its marked negative effect on cerebral blood flow. In Hungary there is a need to organize multidisciplinary Insomnia Clinics because insomnia is more than a disease, it is a public health problem in this century. PMID:17988972
Cerebral oxygenation and hyperthermia
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Full Text Available Hyperthermia is associated with marked reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF. Increased distribution of cardiac output to the periphery, increases in alveolar ventilation and resultant hypocapnia each contribute to the fall in CBF during passive hyperthermia; however, their relative contribution remains a point of contention, and probably depends on the experimental condition (e.g. posture and degree of hyperthermia. The hyperthermia-induced hyperventilatory response reduces arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 causing cerebral vasoconstriction and subsequent reductions in flow. During supine passive hyperthermia, the majority of recent data indicate that reductions in PaCO2 may be the primary, if not sole, culprit for reduced CBF. On the other hand, during more dynamic conditions (e.g. hemorrhage or orthostatic challenges, an inability to appropriately decrease peripheral vascular conductance presents a condition whereby adequate cerebral perfusion pressure may be compromised secondary to reductions in systemic blood pressure. Although studies have reported maintenance of pre-frontal cortex oxygenation (assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise and severe heat stress, the influence of cutaneous blood flow is known to contaminate this measure. This review discusses the governing mechanisms associated with changes in CBF and oxygenation during moderate to severe (i.e. 1.0°C to 2.0°C increase in body core temperature levels of hyperthermia. Future research directions are provided.
La competencia comunicativa en personas que presentan par??lisis cerebral
Rosada Ayala, J. I.
A pesar de los numerosos intentos por definir universalmente la Par??lisis Cerebral, todav??a no se ha conseguido una definici??n que una todas las opiniones acerca de ??sta, aunque s?? existen puntos en com??n en la mayor??a de ellas. Todas las personas, para poder desenvolverse en su contexto social, deben desarrollar su capacidad de comunicaci??n, especialmente las personas con par??lisis cerebral. Esta capacidad se debe potenciar, desde el desarrollo de la lengua por parte de los centr...
Utilidad de la biopsia estereotáctica en lesiones del tallo cerebral
La biopsia estereotáctica para lesiones del tallo cerebral (LTC), es de reciente desarrollo a partir de los 80s y es sin duda uno de los campos más revolucionados y prometedores de la medicina, a pesar de su potencial complicación, sin embargo la mayoría de los estudios han mostrado su confiabilidad y certeza. Material y métodos: de 85 biopsias estereotácticas consecutivas, se realizaron 11 biopsias de LTC por estereotaxia (13%). Los diagnósticos se obtuvieron por RM cerebral y TC preoperator...
Cerebral malformations without antenatal diagnosis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cerebral malformations are usually described following the different steps in development. Disorders of neurulation (dysraphisms), or diverticulation (holoprosencephalies and posterior fossa cysts), and total commissural agenesis are usually diagnosed in utero. In contrast, disorders of histogenesis (proliferation-differentiation, migration, organization) are usually discovered in infants and children. The principal clinical symptoms that may be a clue to cerebral malformation include congenital hemiparesis, epilepsy and mental or psychomotor retardation. MRI is the imaging method of choice to assess cerebral malformations. (orig.)
Cerebral malformations without antenatal diagnosis
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Girard, Nadine J. [Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Hopital Timone, Marseille (France)
Cerebral malformations are usually described following the different steps in development. Disorders of neurulation (dysraphisms), or diverticulation (holoprosencephalies and posterior fossa cysts), and total commissural agenesis are usually diagnosed in utero. In contrast, disorders of histogenesis (proliferation-differentiation, migration, organization) are usually discovered in infants and children. The principal clinical symptoms that may be a clue to cerebral malformation include congenital hemiparesis, epilepsy and mental or psychomotor retardation. MRI is the imaging method of choice to assess cerebral malformations. (orig.)
Natriuretic peptides and cerebral hemodynamics
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Guo, Song; Barringer, Filippa; Zois, Nora Elisabeth;
decompensated disease. In contrast, their biological effects on the cerebral hemodynamics are poorly understood. In this mini-review, we summarize the hemodynamic effects of the natriuretic peptides with a focus on the cerebral hemodynamics. In addition, we will discuss its potential implications in diseases...... where alteration of the cerebral hemodynamics plays a role such as migraine and acute brain injury including stroke. We conclude that a possible role of the peptides is feasible as evaluated from animal and in vitro studies, but more research is needed in humans to determine the precise response on...... cerebral vessels....
Evaluación neurofuncional del tallo cerebral Parte II: Reflejo mandibular = Neurofunctional evaluation of brain stem. II. Mandibular reflex
Leon Sarmiento, Fidias E.; Pabón Porras, María Angélica; Granadillo Deluqu, Elías David
El reflejo mandibular o maseterino posee conexiones nerviosas únicas, diferentes de las exhibidas por otros reflejos monosinápticos humanos, y permite evaluar, de forma fácil y eficiente, el tallo cerebral por medio de la estimulación mecánica, eléctrica o magnética. Diversos estudios han demostrado la participación en este reflejo de las interneuronas del tallo cerebral y su modulación por estructuras supraespinales, que hacen parte fundamental de su integración motora. El reflejo mandibu...
Ricardo Amador García Hernández; Fidel Espinosa Rivera; Lianet Rivero Seriel
El dengue es un arbovirus transmitido por el Aedes aegypti, produce los cuadros clínicos de dengue clásico, dengue hemorrágico y síndrome de choque por dengue, aisladamente se reportan casos de miocarditis. Se presentó un paciente con antecedentes de dengue clásico que manifestó dolor precordial asociado a cambios electrocardiográficos y fue ingresado en este hospital por síndrome coronario agudo probable, al cual se le diagnosticó clínicamente miocarditis por dengue.
Estudio de los cambios regionales en el flujo sanguíneo cerebral mediante tomografía por emisión de fotoón simple y su correlación neuropsicológica en el trastorno bipolar.
Benabarre Hernández, Antonio
[spa] Fundamentos: Para algunos trastornos psiquiátricos se ha podido establecer que existe relación entre las disfunciones cognitivas y las alteraciones en el FSCr. Para el trastorno bipolar (TB), distintos trabajos previos han sugerido que los pacientes con este trastorno presentan disfunciones cognitivas. Asimismo, en distintos estudios han sido halladas alteraciones en la distribución del flujo sanguíneo cerebral regional (FSCr) de estos pacientes. No obstante, no existe ningún trabajo pu...
Cerebral oxygenation after birth
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hessel, Trine W; Hyttel-Sorensen, Simon; Greisen, Gorm
AIM: To compare absolute values of regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (cStO2 ) during haemodynamic transition after birth and repeatability during steady state for two commercial near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices. METHODS: In a prospective observational study, the INVOS 5100C and FORE...... INVOS and FORE-SIGHT cStO2 estimates showed oxygenation-level-dependent difference during birth transition. The better repeatability of FORE-SIGHT could be due to the lower response to change in saturation....
Techniques in cerebral protection
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Carotid angioplasty and stenting is a valid alternative option to conventional carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. During the stenting process, however, distal embolization can occur with neurological consequences. To avoid this, cerebral protection devices have been introduced. Three principal types of protection system have been developed: distal balloon occlusion, distal filters and proximal protection with or without reversal of flow. As protection devices became the focus of interest by manufactures and physicians, several trials are going on worldwide to analyze the characteristics of each of them and to evaluate their efficacy to reduce the rate of distal embolization
Therapeutic interventions in cerebral palsy.
Patel, Dilip R
Various therapeutic interventions have been used in the management of children with cerebral palsy. Traditional physiotherapy and occupational therapy are widely used interventions and have been shown to be of benefit in the treatment of cerebral palsy. Evidence in support of the effectiveness of the neurodevelopmental treatment is equivocal at best. There is evidence to support the use and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in children with cerebral palsy. The effectiveness of many other interventions used in the treatment of cerebral palsy has not been clearly established based on well-controlled trials. These include: sensory integration, body-weight support treadmill training, conductive education, constraint-induced therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the Vojta method. This article provides an overview of salient aspects of popular interventions used in the management of children with cerebral palsy. PMID:16391455
Cerebral hemodynamics in moyamoya disease
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rebuild-up phenomenon, an electroencephalographic pathological finding in moyamoya disease, was evaluated in the context of dynamic changes in cerebral circulation after hyperventilation. Sequential functional angiography after hyperventilation, measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by the outflow method, and Kr-81m single photon emission tomography were employed for clarification of the sequential dynamic changes in cerebral circulation after hyperventilation. In most cases there was a persistent decrease in CBF even after arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) had been normalized, which suggests that the response of the cerebral circulation to the changes in PaCO2 is delayed. Moreover, this feature was most prominent in the superficial layer of the cerebrum. For the most part, coincidence and synchronization were documented between rebuild-up and the delayed response of the cerebral circulation. These findings indicate that the delayed CBF response to hyperventilation contributes pathogenetically to rebuild-up in moyamoya disease. (author)
Cerebral Hemorrhage and APOE genotype
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Sun xiaojiang; Wu ping; Zhang jing; Lu shanqing; Li bing
Background and Purpose: Current evidence Suggests that the apolipoprotein E (APOE)ε 4 allele predisposes to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) whereas ε 2 is associated with CAA-zelated hemorrhage. In this study we examined potential clinical risk factors inpatients with cerebral hemorrhage and assessed these with respect to APOE genotype. Methoeds: 146 patinas with cerebral hemorrhage and 70 normal controls were investigated. APOE genotypes were determined with use of polymerase Chain reaction techniques.Results: The frequency of allele gene ( 0.180 ) and the percentage of the APOE ε 4 genotype in the cerebral hemorrhage group were Significantly higher as compared with the e 4 prequency ( O.O72 ) in the control group respectively ( p=O.O389 ) .Conelusious: APOE ε 4 :allele is a risk gene for cerebral hemorrhage.
Cerebral imaging in pediatrics
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Gordon, I. [London, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (United Kingdom)
Radioisotope brain imaging has focused mainly on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). However the use of ligand which go to specific receptor sites is being introduced in pediatrics, mainly psychiatry. rCBF is potentially available in many institutions, especially with the availability of multi-headed gamma cameras. The use of this technique in pediatrics requires special attention to detail in the manner of data acquisition and handling the child. The interpretation of the rCBF study in a child requires knowledge of normal brain maturation. The major clinical use in pediatrics is epilepsy because of the advances in surgery and the frequency of complex partial seizures. Other indications in pediatric neurology include brain death, acute neurological loss including stroke, language disorders, cerebral palsy, hypertension due to renovascular disease, traumatic brain injury and migraine. There are pediatric physiological conditions in which rCBF has been undertaken, these include anorexia nervosa, autism, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity (ADHD). Research using different ligands to specific receptor sites will also be reviewed in pediatrics.
Cerebral imaging in pediatrics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Radioisotope brain imaging has focused mainly on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). However the use of ligand which go to specific receptor sites is being introduced in pediatrics, mainly psychiatry. rCBF is potentially available in many institutions, especially with the availability of multi-headed gamma cameras. The use of this technique in pediatrics requires special attention to detail in the manner of data acquisition and handling the child. The interpretation of the rCBF study in a child requires knowledge of normal brain maturation. The major clinical use in pediatrics is epilepsy because of the advances in surgery and the frequency of complex partial seizures. Other indications in pediatric neurology include brain death, acute neurological loss including stroke, language disorders, cerebral palsy, hypertension due to renovascular disease, traumatic brain injury and migraine. There are pediatric physiological conditions in which rCBF has been undertaken, these include anorexia nervosa, autism, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity (ADHD). Research using different ligands to specific receptor sites will also be reviewed in pediatrics
Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis.
Alvis-Miranda, Hernando Raphael; Milena Castellar-Leones, Sandra; Alcala-Cerra, Gabriel; Rafael Moscote-Salazar, Luis
Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare phenomenon that can be seen with some frequency in young patients. CSVT is a multifactorial condition with gender-related specific causes, with a wide clinical presentation, the leading causes differ between developed and developing countries, converting CSVT in a condition characterized by a highly variable clinical spectra, difficult diagnosis, variable etiologies and prognosis that requires fine medical skills and a high suspicious index. Patients who presents with CSVT should underwent to CT-scan venography (CVT) and to the proper inquiry of the generating cause. This disease can affect the cerebral venous drainage and related anatomical structure. The symptoms may appear in relation to increased intracranial pressure imitating a pseudotumorcerebri. Prognosis depends on the early detection. Correcting the cause, generally the complications can be prevented. Mortality trends have diminished, and with the new technologies, surely it will continue. This work aims to review current knowledge about CSVT including its pathogenesis, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. PMID:24347950
Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis
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Hernando Raphael Alvis-Miranda
Full Text Available Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT is a rare phenomenon that can be seen with some frequency in young patients. CSVT is a multifactorial condition with gender-related specific causes, with a wide clinical presentation, the leading causes differ between developed and developing countries, converting CSVT in a condition characterized by a highly variable clinical spectra, difficult diagnosis, variable etiologies and prognosis that requires fine medical skills and a high suspicious index. Patients who presents with CSVT should underwent to CT-scan venography (CVT and to the proper inquiry of the generating cause. This disease can affect the cerebral venous drainage and related anatomical structure. The symptoms may appear in relation to increased intracranial pressure imitating a pseudotumorcerebri. Prognosis depends on the early detection. Correcting the cause, generally the complications can be prevented. Mortality trends have diminished, and with the new technologies, surely it will continue. This work aims to review current knowledge about CSVT including its pathogenesis, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
Anormalidades de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral em indivíduos dependentes de cocaína Cerebral blood flow abnormalities in cocaine dependent subjects
Sergio Nicastri; Buchpiguel, Carlos A.; Andrade, Arthur G.
INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos anos, tem havido relatos de anormalidades do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em indivíduos com o abuso de cocaína, detectadas por meio de tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (SPECT). Esse padrão anormal de perfusão cerebral tem sido associado a prejuízos cognitivos mas não a alterações observáveis por meio de exames de neuroimagem estrutural. Um problema envolvendo a maioria dos trabalhos publicados sobre esse tema é a inclusão de um grande número de usuário...
Obstructive hydrocephalus resulting from cerebral venous thrombosis
Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare form of stroke in childhood. Increased intracranial pressure is a well-defined complication of cerebral venous thrombosis but obstructive hydrocephalus as a presentation finding of cerebral venous thrombosis is rarely described. A child case of cerebral sinus thrombosis presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus and management of clinical condition is presented with discussion of reported cases and treatment recommendations.
Cerebrovascular hemodynamics in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Jianbo Yang; Changcong Cui; Chengbin Wu
The present study observed hemodynamic changes in 26 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis using a cerebral circulation dynamics detector and transcranial Doppler.In patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis the blood supply and flow rate in the bilateral carotid arteries and the blood flow rate in the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries were similar to normal controls, but the cerebral vascular resistance, critical pressure and pulsatility index were increased, and cerebral arterial elasticity and cerebral blood flow autoregulation were decreased.Compared with the lesioned hemisphere of patients with cerebral infarction, the total blood supply and blood flow rate of patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis were higher.Compared with normal subjects, patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis exhibited cognitive disturbances, mainly in short-term memory, attention, abstract capability, and spatial and executive dysfunction.Results showed that cerebral arteriosclerosis does not directly affect the blood supply of a cerebral hemisphere, but affects cognitive function.The increased cerebral vascular resistance and reduced autoregulation of cerebral blood vessels may be important hemodynamic mechanisms of arteriosclerosis-induced cerebral infarction.
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Miodrag L. STOSHLJEVIKJ
Full Text Available Pupils with cerebral palsy attend elementary education accordind to a regular and special teaching plan and program. Regular school curriculum was reformed in 1992, while special plan and program has not been changed and adapted according to pupil's needs and capacities. Music is one of the best means of expressing oneself and plays a very important role in the development of every child, the child with cerebral palsy in particular.In order to test the possibility of pupils with cerebral palsy, with and without mental retardation, to apprehend the actual program content, we have conducted research on musical achievement of children with cerebral palsy. During 2007 a research was carried out, on the sample of 27 pupils with cerebral palsy and mild mental retardation who attended classes in the school "Miodrag Matikj", and a sample of16 students with cerebral palsy without mental retardation who attended the school "Dr. Dragan Hercog" in Belgrade.Results of the research, as well as analysis of music curriculum content, indicated that the capacities of students with cerebral palsy to carry out the curriculum tasks require special approach and methodology. Therefore, we introduced some proposals to overcome the difficulties in fulfilling music curriculum demands of those pupils. We made special emphasis on the use of computer based Assistive technology which facilitates the whole process to a large extent.
Patología infecciosa: vulvovaginitis, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, abscesos tubo-ováricos Infectious pathology: vulvovaginitis, sexually transmitted diseases, pelvic inflammatory disease, tubo-ovarian abscesses
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M. Ibarrola
Full Text Available Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual son aquellas en las que la principal vía de infección es el contacto íntimo. Son numerosas las pacientes que acuden a urgencias por esta causa, tanto por la clínica como por las implicaciones sociales. Los síntomas más frecuentes son dolor abdominal bajo, sangrados vaginales, o flujo vaginal excesivo o molesto. Las vulvovaginitis son uno de los problemas principales en la práctica clínica diaria del ginecólogo. La úlcera genital cuya etiología principal es el herpes, seguida de la sífilis y el chancroide incrementa el riesgo para contraer la infección por el VIH y modifica el curso de otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual. La enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria engloba a las infecciones del tracto genital superior femenino. La importancia del diagnóstico precoz y su tratamiento adecuado reside tanto por las complicaciones en la fase aguda como por las secuelas, que incluyen el dolor crónico y la esterilidad.Sexually transmitted diseases are those where the principal path of infection is through intimate contact. Numerous patients attend Accidents and emergencies for this reason, both because of the clinical features and because of social implications. The most frequent symptoms are lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding or excessive or troubling vaginal flow. Vulvovaginites are one of the principal problems in the everyday clinical practice of gynaecology. A genital ulcer whose principal aetiology is herpes, followed by syphilis and chancroid, increases the risk of contracting HIV infection and alters the course of other sexually transmitted diseases. Inflammatory pelvic disease encompasses infections of the upper female genital tract. The importance of early diagnosis and suitable treatment is both due to the complications in its acute phase and to its sequels, which include chronic pain and sterility.
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Srinivasa Rao
Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy (CP is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. Most often the problems occur during pregnancy; however, they may also occur during childbirth, or shortly after birth. Often the cause is unknown. AIM: To study the different antenatal maternal risk factors associated with cerebral palsy in the study group. MATERIA LS AND METHODS: Retrospective study was done to assess possible associated antenatal risk factors for cerebral palsy. Mothers of 100 cerebral palsy children were selected who are treated in Rani Chandramani Devi Hospital, a Government hospital in Visakhapa tn am, Andhra Pradesh State, India , from 2012 to 2014 and 100 controls, mothers of normal children were studied. Detailed antenatal history was obtained from the mothers of the children in both affected and control group. RESULTS: From the data, we conclude that the association of maternal anaemia with cerebral palsy is 7.3 times higher; association of maternal hypertension with cerebral palsy is 6.6 time higher, association with Pre - eclampsia is 6 times higher; association with Eclampsia is 8.6 times higher ; with antepartum haemorrhage, the association is 8.6 times higher and association of multiple pregnancy with cerebral palsy is 4.8 times higher than with controls. CONCLUSION: From this study of the role of antenatal risk factors, in the occurrence of cer ebral palsy in children it is concluded that the most common risk factor associated with cerebral palsy is the maternal anaemia and the other important risk factors associated being hypertension, pre eclampsia, eclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage and multipl e births.
Miodrag L. STOSHLJEVIKJ; EMINOVIKJ Fadilj N.; NIKIKJ Radmila M.; Gordana I. ACHIKJ; Sanela R. PACIKJ
Pupils with cerebral palsy attend elementary education accordind to a regular and special teaching plan and program. Regular school curriculum was reformed in 1992, while special plan and program has not been changed and adapted according to pupil's needs and capacities. Music is one of the best means of expressing oneself and plays a very important role in the development of every child, the child with cerebral palsy in particular.In order to test the possibility of pupils with cerebral pal...
Cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Since 1982 (Hauser and co-workers), literature has reported focal cerebral tissue charges in AIDS patients whose diagnosis was unclear at first but which could be identified finally as florid toxoplasmosis encephalitis by biopsy and autopsy. It was found that the value of otherwise reliable serological tests (KBR, Sabin-Feldmann tests, etc.) is questionable in patients with severely impaired or incompetent immune systems, and, in particular, that a negative or uncharacteristic test result may not preclude any opportunistic infection process. Furthermore, isolation of Toxoplasma gondii or specific antibodies from the cerebrospinal fluid will be successful in exceptional cases only. In patients with AIDS or lymphadenopathy syndrome, the differential diagnosis will have to include - first and foremost - reactivated toxoplasma infection (not newly acquired, as a rule) if central neurological symptoms occur. (orig.)
Cerebral white matter hypoplasia
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This paper demonstrates the MR imaging findings in children with cerebral white matter hypoplasia (CWMH). The MR studies of four children, aged 3-7 y (mean age, 2.3 y) with a diagnosis of CWMH were reviewed. In all cases multiplanar T1-weighted and T2-weighted spin-echo images were obtained. All children had similar histories of severe developmental delay and nonprogressive neurologic deficits despite normal gestational and birth histories. In two cases there was a history of maternal cocaine abuse. Autopsy correlation was available in one child. The MR images of all four children demonstrated diffuse lack of white matter and enlarged ventricles but normal-appearing gray matter. The corpus callosum, although completely formed, was severely thinned. There was no evidence of gliosis or porencephaly, and the distribution of myelin deposition was normal for age in all cases. Autopsy finding in one child correlated exactly with the MR finding
Anestesia e paralisia cerebral Anestesia y parálisis cerebral Anesthesia and cerebral palsy
Március Vinícius M Maranhão
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A paralisia cerebral (PC) é uma doença não progressiva decorrente de lesão no sistema nervoso central, levando a um comprometimento motor do paciente. O portador de PC freqüentemente é submetido a procedimentos cirúrgicos devido a doenças usuais e situações particulares decorrentes da paralisia cerebral. Foi objetivo deste artigo revisar aspectos da paralisia cerebral de interesse para o anestesiologista, permitindo um adequado manuseio pré, intra e pós-operatório n...
Diagnostic Assessment of Cerebral Palsy
J Gordon Millichap
The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society have developed practice parameters for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP).
Learn More About Cerebral Palsy
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts
This podcast describes the causes, preventions, types, and signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy. Created: 3/30/2008 by National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. Date Released: 3/21/2008.
Diagnostic Assessment of Cerebral Palsy
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J Gordon Millichap
Full Text Available The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society have developed practice parameters for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: diagnosis dilemma
Cerebral venous thrombosis is increasing common disease in daily practice with sharing clinical nonspecific symptoms. This disorder is potentially lethal but treatable, oftenly it was overlooked in both clinical and radiologic in routine practice. Whenever, clinical suspected, prompt investigation by noninvasive imaging Magnetic resonance (MR) or advanced modilities such as cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), MRV (MR Venography) will helpful in prompt diagnosis and treatment. These imaging moda...
Cerebral involvement in Whipple's disease
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Whipple's disease is a rare protean disease. Cerebral involvement occurs in ten percent of the cases. CCT findings in two patients with cerebral symptoms are presented. There was an unspecific atrophy in one patient. Patient two had hydrocephalus occlusus and a temporal lesion enhanced by contrast agent. A specific diagnosis on the sole basis of the CCT without additional clinical data does not seem possible. (orig.)
Koronowski, Kevin B.; Perez-Pinzon, Miguel A.
Cerebral ischemia is among the leading causes of death worldwide. It is characterized by a lack of blood flow to the brain that results in cell death and damage, ultimately causing motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Today, clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia, mostly stroke and cardiac arrest, is limited and new neuroprotective therapies are desperately needed. The Sirtuin family of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases has been shown to govern seve...
Cerebral Palsy is defined as a movement alteration result of a non progressive damage witch is permanent in anencephalon that has not acquired its final maturation. Patients that suffer cerebral palsy present learning disabilities,that varies between being completely normal to severe as a consequence of memory, gnosis, praxis, perceptive andlanguage impairments. Nevertheless the consequences of this disease are not always predictable. This paper pretendsto make a description of the cognitive ...
Cerebral candidiasis. Computed tomography appearance
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A three year old child who had been suffering from oral candidiasis since the age of 1 year presented with osteitis of the clavicle, 2 cerebral frontal abscesses and an occipital abscess which extended across the calvaria and was associated with osteolysis. Histological and microbiological studies following surgery confirmed the diagnosis of candidiasis in this girl who was found to have IgA immunodefinciency. The authors report the computed tomographic appearance of the cerebral lesions and review the literature. (orig.)
Cerebral candidiasis. Computed tomography appearance
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Chaabane, M.; Ladeb, M.F.; Bouhaouala, M.H.; Ben Hammouda, M.; Ataalah, R.; Gannouni, A.; Krifa, H.
A three year old child who had been suffering from oral candidiasis since the age of 1 year presented with osteitis of the clavicle, 2 cerebral frontal abscesses and an occipital abscess which extended across the calvaria and was associated with osteolysis. Histological and microbiological studies following surgery confirmed the diagnosis of candidiasis in this girl who was found to have IgA immunodefinciency. The authors report the computed tomographic appearance of the cerebral lesions and review the literature. (orig.).
Cerebral palsy: classification and etiology
Bialik, Gad M.; Givon, Uri
Cerebral palsy (CP), a common condition of abnormalities in the brain, arises early in life. Since the term was first introduced in 1843, many authors have tried to define and classify CP. The most recent definition was released by the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) in 2005. This article summarizes the latest and familiar classifications of, and etiologies associated with CP.
Cerebral hyperperfusion following carotid endarterectomy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schroeder, T; Sillesen, H; Sørensen, O;
Serial measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were performed in 56 patients before and one to four times after uncomplicated carotid endarterectomy. The findings were related to the ratio between internal carotid artery (ICA) and common carotid artery (CCA) mean pressures. Within the 1st...... ratio suggests a temporary impairment of autoregulation. Special care should be taken to avoid postoperative hypertension in such patients, who typically have preoperative hypoperfusion, to avoid the occurrence of cerebral edema or hemorrhage....
Srinivasa Rao; Vidyullatha; Subbalakshmi
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. Most often the problems occur during pregnancy; however, they may also occur during childbirth, or shortly after birth. Often the cause is unknown. AIM: To study the different antenatal maternal risk factors associated with cere...
Miranda, Eduardo Régis de Alencar Bona; Palmieri, Maurício D'arc; de Assumpção, Rodrigo Montezuma César; Yamada, Helder Henzo; Rancan, Daniela Regina; Fucs, Patrícia Maria de Moraes Barros
Objective To compare the chronological age and bone age among cerebral palsy patients in the outpatient clinic and its correlation with the type of neurological involvement, gender and functional status. Methods 401 patients with spastic cerebral palsy, and ages ranging from three months to 20 years old, submitted to radiological examination for bone age and analyzed by two independent observers according Greulich & Pyle. Results In the topographic distribution, there was a significant delay (p
Abscesso epidural em paciente portador de piomiosite tropical: relato de caso e revisão da literatura Absceso epidural en paciente portador de piomiositis tropical: relato de caso y revisión de la literatura Epidural abscess in patient with tropical pyomyositis: a case report and literature review
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Rodrigo Rezende
Full Text Available A piomiosite é uma infecção muscular profunda subaguda que pode originar abscessos intramusculares únicos ou múltiplos. Está associada a infecções sistêmicas, diabetes mellitus, terapia imunossupressora, AIDS e mieloma múltiplo. Descrevemos um caso de piomiosite tropical com acometimento da coluna vertebral que evoluiu para abscesso epidural, em paciente com história pregressa de espondilite anquilosante em tratamento com medicações imunossupressoras e apresentou trauma direto na coxa direita previamente ao início dos sintomas. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o acometimento raro da coluna vertebral em pacientes com piomiosite tropical, com apenas um caso descrito na literatura mundial, destacando a necessidade dos métodos complementares na investigação diagnóstica para o adequado tratamento e as possíveis complicações dessa doença. Os pacientes imunossuprimidos com dores musculares subagudas devem ser investigados quanto à piomiosite tropical e o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento.La piomiositis es una infección muscular profunda y subaguda que puede originar abscesos intramusculares únicos o múltiples. Se vincula a infecciones sistémicas, diabetes mellitus, terapia inmunosupresora, SIDA [AIDS] y mieloma múltiple. Describimos un caso de piomiositis tropical, con acometimiento de la columna vertebral, que evolucionó para absceso epidural, en paciente con historial anterior de espondilitis anquilosante en tratamiento con medicaciones inmunosupresoras y que presentó traumatismo derecho, en el muslo derecho, previamente al inicio de los síntomas. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el acometimiento raro de la columna vertebral en pacientes con piomiositis tropical, con solamente un caso descrito en la literatura mundial, destacando la necesidad de los métodos complementarios, en la investigación de diagnóstico, para el apropiado tratamiento y las posibles complicaciones de
Monitoring of cerebral haemodynamics in newborn infants
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Liem, K Djien; Greisen, Gorm
The most important cerebrovascular injuries in newborn infants, particularly in preterm infants, are cerebral haemorrhage and ischemic injury. The typical cerebral vascular anatomy and the disturbance of cerebral haemodynamics play important roles in the pathophysiology. The term 'cerebral...... haemodynamics' includes cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood flow velocity, and cerebral blood volume (CBV). Therapy aimed at changing vascular anatomy is not available. Therefore, prevention of disturbances in CBF and CBV is pivotal. However, continuous monitoring of CBF and CBV is still unavailable for....... Using it even without knowing the exact level of CBF and CBV, it is possible to aim to keep CBF and CBV stable. Futureresearch should focus on development of monitoring tools, gaining more insight in neonatal cerebral autoregulation, and demonstrating clinical benefits of a 'cerebral perfusion...
Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Full text: Cerebral Malaria (CM) is the most severe complication of malaria and a major cause of death. The mechanisms underlying human CM pathogenesis might be due to mechanical cause, as demonstrated by cytoadherence of parasitised erythrocytes pRB, or to excessive cytokine production by the host in response to Plasmodium falciparum, or a combination of the two together with neuronal injury by malaria toxins. Antibody response, genetic traits and other factors have been proposed to explain why only some episodes have life-threatening complications. The microvascular endothelial cell is a major target of inflammatory cytokines overproduced in infectious diseases. Fatal CM is associated with widespread induction of endothelial activation markers, with significant higher levels of ICAM, VCAM and E-selectin expression on vessels in the brain. 199 patients were admitted at the hospital and were classified with malaria-based neurological disfunctions, such as acute psychosis, ataxia, hallucinations, fever and convulsions, prostration or coma. On a flow chart, 65 of those patients with the most acute syndromes mentioned above, were found to have negative BSN (blood slide), compared to 124 where the BSN showed to be positive. Identically to the 10 other patients from the severe form group, also presented positive BSN. The condition of some of these two subgroup patients (15), will later evolve into a more severe form with acute neurological disfunctions attributed to the cerebral malaria. The interesting aspect in regards to the 65 patients considered as having CM, upon severe manifestations of the disease, show no or little peripheral parasitemia. This fact confirms our experimental conclusion that, in the process of pRB adhesion to the microvessels of the brain, they are sequestered by monocytes and platelets, leading to vessel rupture. This fact could be an explanation of the lower % of circulating pRB and low peripheral parasitemia. There is a relationship between
Effects of Hyperglycemia and Effects of Ketosis on Cerebral Perfusion, Cerebral Water Distribution, and Cerebral Metabolism
Glaser, Nicole; Ngo, Catherine; Anderson, Steven; Yuen, Natalie; Trifu, Alexandra; O'Donnell, Martha
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may cause brain injuries in children. The mechanisms responsible are difficult to elucidate because DKA involves multiple metabolic derangements. We aimed to determine the independent effects of hyperglycemia and ketosis on cerebral metabolism, blood flow, and water distribution. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure ratios of cerebral metabolites (ATP to inorganic phosphate [Pi], phosphocreatine [PCr] to Pi, N-acetyl aspartate [NAA] to creatine [Cr], ...
O estímulo emocional na criança com paralisia cerebral na perspetiva dos professores
Coutinho, Maria Alexandra dos Santos
O presente trabalho tem como tema "O estímulo emocional na criança com paralisia cerebral, na perspetiva dos professores". Para realizar o objetivo proposto, efetuou-se este trabalho, que é constituído por um Enquadramento Teórico e por um Enquadramento Empírico onde se realiza a apresentação, análise e respetiva discussão dos resultados, os limites do projeto e prospetiva de divulgação. No Enquadramento Teórico, é apresentado o conceito de Paralisia Cerebral, segundo vários autores. São a...
Enfermedad invasora por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente adquirida en la comunidad Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disseminated disease
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Clarisa Brezzo
Full Text Available Se presenta un caso de enfermedad invasora por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (SAMR adquirido en la comunidad (SAMR-c. Paciente varón de 21 años, previamente sano, que consultó por nódulos subcutáneos compatibles con gomas. La ultrasonografía reveló múltiples abscesos subcutáneos e imágenes consistentes con piomiositis, además de derrame pleural y pericárdico. En el cultivo del material purulento obtenido por punción-aspiración con aguja fina de las lesiones se aisló S. aureus. El antibiograma por difusión mostró resistencia a cefalotina, eritromicina y clindamicina, y sensibilidad a trimetroprima-sulfametoxazol, ciprofloxacina y rifampicina. La meticilino resistencia se confirmó por aglutinación con partículas de látex sensibilizadas con anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos contra la proteína ligadora de penicilina 2A. El paciente fue tratado con ciprofloxacina y rifampicina durante cuatro semanas, con evolución favorable. La frecuencia de infecciones por SAMR-c está en aumento, observándose en personas sin factores de riesgo aparentes. Esto llevaría a fracaso en el tratamiento empírico para infecciones de la comunidad en los que se presume etiología estafilocócica.A 21 year old man, previously healthy, presented with subcutaneous nodes consistent with gummas. Ultrasonography disclosed multiple subcutaneous abscesses and images suitable with piomiositis, pleural and pericardium effusion. A puncture-aspirate with fine-needle was performed and produced purulent material, with isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion showed resistant to cefalotin, erythromycin and clindamycin, and susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. Methicilin-resistance was confirmed by Staphyslide agglutination testing (Biomérieux. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin during four weeks, with a good clinical response. The
Cerebral edema associated with acute hepatic failure.
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Full Text Available The clinicopathological findings of cerebral edema were investigated in patients with acute hepatic failure autopsied at Okayama University Hospital between 1970 and 1980 retrospectively. Nine (64% of 14 hepatic failure cases were found to have cerebral edema during a post-mortem examination of the brain. Clinical features of the patients with cerebral edema were not significantly different from those of the patients without cerebral edema. However, general convulsions were observed more frequently in patients later found to have cerebral edema. Moreover, the length of time from deep coma to death was much shorter in the brain edema cases with cerebral herniation than without herniation.
Asymptomatic ischemic cerebral lesions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For the purpose of studying the incidence, pathomorphology and etiology of asymptomatic ischemic cerebral lesions, we carried out a brain MRI study on 65 patients with diabetes mellitus accompanied with hypertension who are thought to belong to a high risk group of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Excluding the abnormality of tendon reflex due to diabetic neuropathy, sixty percent of the total patients had some mild neurological signs and symptoms, most of them was discrepancy in tendon reflex. The percentage of the patients in whom MRI disclosed some abnormalities was as high as 70%, they were lacunar stroke, multiple lacunar state, cortical infarct, and patchy high signal lesions visible only in the T2 weighted image. Lacunes or these patchy high signal lesions (considered to be the dilatation of the perivascular space or true lacunes) tended to be found along the border zone or the terminal zone. These results indicate that asymptomatic patients in whom MRI discloses the abnormalities should be considered as candidates for the future onset of multi-infarct. (author)
Cerebral trypanosomiasis and AIDS
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Antunes Apio Claudio Martins
Full Text Available A 36 year-old black female, complaining of headache of one month's duration presented with nausea, vomiting, somnolence, short memory problems, loss of weight, and no fever history. Smoker, intravenous drugs abuser, promiscuous lifestyle. Physical examination: left homonimous hemianopsia, left hemiparesis, no papilledema, diffuse hyperreflexia, slowness of movements. Brain CT scan: tumor-like lesion in the splenium of the corpus calosum, measuring 3.5 x 1.4 cm, with heterogeneous enhancing pattern, sugesting a primary CNS tumor. Due to the possibility of CNS infection, a lumbar puncture disclosed an opening pressure of 380 mmH(20; 11 white cells (lymphocytes; glucose 18 mg/dl (serum glucose 73 mg/dl; proteins 139 mg/dl; presence of Trypanosoma parasites. Serum Elisa-HIV tests turned out to be positive. Treatment with benznidazole dramatically improved clinical and radiographic picture, but the patient died 6 weeks later because of respiratory failure. T. cruzi infection of the CNS is a rare disease, but we have an increasing number of cases in HIV immunecompromised patients. Diagnosis by direct observation of CSF is uncommon, and most of the cases are diagnosed by pathological examination. It is a highly lethal disease, even when properly diagnosed and treated. This article intends to include cerebral trypanosomiasis in the differential diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesions, especially in immunecompromised patients from endemic regions.
[Plasma osmolarity and cerebral volume].
Boulard, G
Under normal physiological conditions, the osmolarity of extracellular fluids (ECFs) and natremia are controlled by two regulatory mechanisms modulating the water balance and sodium outflow from information collected by the osmoreceptors and baroreceptors, respectively. As well, under normal physiological conditions, water and electrolytes of brain ECFs are secreted by the endothelial cells of brain capillaries. Furthermore, isotonicity is present on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. In the event of systemic osmolarity disorders, water transport subject to osmosis laws occurs at the level of the blood-brain barrier. In the case of plasmatic hyperosmolarity cerebral dehydration is observed, while cerebral edema occurs in the contrary case. However, plasmatic osmolarity disorders have less effect on the cerebral volume when their introduction is slow. Experimentation in acute conditions shows that measured variations of the cerebral water content are lower than calculated variations, thus suggesting the existence of an adaptive mechanism, that is, the cerebral osmoregulation which limits the variation of the volume of brain cells by modulating their osmoactive molecule content. These osmoactive molecules are, on the one hand, the electrolytes, which are early and rapidly mobilized, and, on the other hand, the organic osmoles (amino acids, etc.), whose secretion is slower and delayed. This phenomenon should be taken into account in the treatment of osmolarity disorders. Thus, the related-risk of treatment for natremia disorders is therapeutic reversal of the osmotic gradient at the level of the blood-brain barrier. This reversal, which corresponds to a second osmotic stress, requires the implementation of a new procedure of cerebral osmoregulation in the opposite direction of the preceding one. As successive osmotic stresses decrease the effectiveness of brain osmoregulation, the risk for cerebral dehydration and pontine myelinolysis increases when the treatment
Videojuego adaptado para personas con parálisis cerebral
Gómez Davó, Roberto
La parálisis cerebral describe un grupo de trastornos del desarrollo psicomotor, que causan una limitación de la actividad de la persona, es decir, es un padecimiento que principalmente se caracteriza por la inhabilidad de poder controlar completamente las funciones del sistema motor. Esto puede incluir espasmos o rigidez en los músculos, movimientos involuntarios, y/o trastornos en la postura o movilidad del cuerpo. Estos trastornos psicomotores imposibilitan su interacción con los sistemas ...
What You Should Know about Cerebral Aneurysms
... T. Quiz 5 Things to Know About Stroke What You Should Know About Cerebral Aneurysms Updated:Jun ... Damage Treatments Click image to view an animation What is a cerebral aneurysm? An aneurysm is a ...
Cerebral abscess in the recently born
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An unusual case of cerebral abscess in a newborn is reported. Emphasis is made in the paramount importance of its early diagnosis; mainly with imaging modalities like cerebral ultrasound and CT, in order to establisher the most appropriate therapy
Middle cerebral artery blood velocity during rowing
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Secher, Niels Henry; Pott, F; Knudsen, L.;
original,arterial blood pressure,central venous pressure,cerebral blood flow, exercise, transcranial Doppler......original,arterial blood pressure,central venous pressure,cerebral blood flow, exercise, transcranial Doppler...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The aim of this study is to compare the survival of the patients treated with radiotherapy alone vs. patients treated with a combined schedule of radio-chemotherapy. Our results will be compared with currently published data and main prognostic factors will be briefly discussed. Patients and methods: Between 1974 and 1990, 27 cases of primary cerebral lymphoma were diagnosed at our institution. All patients had biopsy-proven disease, the pathology of which was reviewed for this study. Results: The overall median survival time was 24 months and one-, two- and three-year overall survival was 59, 46 and 29% respectively. The median radiation dose was 46 Gy, ranging from 19.5 to 60 Gy. The median dose per fraction was 2 Gy (ranging from 1.61 to 3 Gy). The median elapsed treatment time was 32 days (ranging from three to 45 days). We were not able to demonstrate any statistically significant difference between patients who received radiotherapy alone (n = 14, median survival time = 24 months) and those who received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (n = 11, median survival time = 30 months), (p = 0.4). Prognostic factors of survival were tested using a univariate analysis (Wilcoxon test). Parameters such as mass appearance (unilobular, p = 0.048), performance status at the time of the diagnosis (0 to 1, p = 0.014), and CT imaging (hypodense, p = 0.043) influenced positively survival. Centroblastic histology (Kiel) was found associated with a negative prognosis (p = 0.043). (orig./MG)
Cerebral edema associated with acute hepatic failure.
Fujiwara, Masachika; Watanabe,Akiharu; Yamauchi,Yasuhiko; Hashimoto, Makoto; Nakatsukasa, Harushige; Kobayashi, Michio; Higashi,Toshihiro; Nagashima,Hideo
The clinicopathological findings of cerebral edema were investigated in patients with acute hepatic failure autopsied at Okayama University Hospital between 1970 and 1980 retrospectively. Nine (64%) of 14 hepatic failure cases were found to have cerebral edema during a post-mortem examination of the brain. Clinical features of the patients with cerebral edema were not significantly different from those of the patients without cerebral edema. However, general convulsions were observed more fre...
Cerebritis: an unusual complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Majumdar, Mainak; Simes, David C; Prabha, Ramesh D
Cerebritis is part of a continuum of brain infection and is difficult to diagnose. Cerebritis caused by Klebsiella in immunocompetent adults without predisposing factors such as neurosurgery or penetrating brain injury has not been reported before. We report a case of Klebsiella cerebritis in an adult patient with a proven extracranial focus of infection. We suggest considering cerebritis as a differential diagnosis for altered level of consciousness in patients of severe sepsis, even if an extracranial source of infection is proven. PMID:19881180
Cerebritis: An unusual complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Majumdar, Mainak; Simes1, David C.; Prabha1, Ramesh D.
Cerebritis is part of a continuum of brain infection and is difficult to diagnose. Cerebritis caused by Klebsiella in immunocompetent adults without predisposing factors such as neurosurgery or penetrating brain injury has not been reported before. We report a case of Klebsiella cerebritis in an adult patient with a proven extracranial focus of infection. We suggest considering cerebritis as a differential diagnosis for altered level of consciousness in patients of severe sepsis, even if an e...
Cerebritis: An unusual complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Majumdar, Mainak; Simes1, David C.; Prabha1, Ramesh D.
Cerebritis is part of a continuum of brain infection and is difficult to diagnose. Cerebritis caused by Klebsiella in immunocompetent adults without predisposing factors such as neurosurgery or penetrating brain injury has not been reported before. We report a case of Klebsiella cerebritis in an adult patient with a proven extracranial focus of infection. We suggest considering cerebritis as a differential diagnosis for altered level of consciousness in patients of severe sepsis, even if an extracranial source of infection is proven. PMID:19881180
Mechanisms of cerebral radiation syndrome
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ability of exogenous succinate to prevent the postradiation violations in neuronal respiration and to correct the manifestations of cerebral radiation syndrome is studied. Rats-males were used for experiments. RUM-17 X-ray therapeutic apparatus was applied for irradiation at the dose rate of 25 Gy/min. It is established that the neurological violations in rats following X-ray exposure at 150 Gy dose depend on cerebral energy deficiency connected with NAD neuronal pool depletion. Efficiency is demonstrated of two approaches to the prevention of cerebral radiation syndrome providing: a) retroinhibition of adenosine diphosphoribosyltransferase, b) administration of NAD - independently oxidated bioenergetic substrate. It is marked that the application of sodium succinate may be of special interest in the cases when the dose for forthcoming irradiation is unknown
Cerebral venous thrombosis in childhood
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Huisman, T.A.G.M.; Martin, E.; Willi, U.V. [Dept. of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, University Children' s Hospital Zurich (Switzerland); Holzmann, D. [Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University Children' s Hospital Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland)
This was a retrospective study to determine different etiologies of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in childhood and to correlate extent and location of thrombosis with the etiology and the age of the child as well as the final outcome. In addition, the radiologic approach is discussed. This was a retrospective analysis of 19 children with CVT. The children were examined by contrast-enhanced dynamic CT. Radiologic findings were correlated with the etiology of CVT. Cerebral venous thrombosis is not as infrequent in children as has been thought. Cerebral venous thrombosis in children can occur due to trauma (n=9), infections (n=7), or coagulation disorders (n=3). Extent and location of thrombosis, as well as complications, final outcome, and therapy, depend on the etiology. Computed tomography remains a valuable primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of CVT in the acutely injured or diseased child. (orig.)
Cerebral venous thrombosis in childhood
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This was a retrospective study to determine different etiologies of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in childhood and to correlate extent and location of thrombosis with the etiology and the age of the child as well as the final outcome. In addition, the radiologic approach is discussed. This was a retrospective analysis of 19 children with CVT. The children were examined by contrast-enhanced dynamic CT. Radiologic findings were correlated with the etiology of CVT. Cerebral venous thrombosis is not as infrequent in children as has been thought. Cerebral venous thrombosis in children can occur due to trauma (n=9), infections (n=7), or coagulation disorders (n=3). Extent and location of thrombosis, as well as complications, final outcome, and therapy, depend on the etiology. Computed tomography remains a valuable primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of CVT in the acutely injured or diseased child. (orig.)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alicia Velázquez Pérez
Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de color blanco y dos años de edad, con diagnóstico prenatal de sicklemia, que desde edades tempranas tiene problemas de la enfermedad. Ingresó en esta ocasión por una de las complicaciones infecciosas que ocasiona este padecimiento, una osteomielitis del húmero izquierdo, aislándose el germen en el hemocultivo realizado, una salmonella. Necesitó de tratamiento enérgico y prolongado; se obtuvo un resultado satisfactorio en la evolución de la enfermedad y se sigue sistemáticamente por consulta externa en la actualidad
Preservación del patrón metabolómico de tejidos mediante fijación por irradiación con microondas focalizadas. Aplicación al estudio del tejido cerebral normal y patológico mediante espectroscopía HRMAS y metodologías de reconocimiento de patrones
Dávila Huerta, Myriam
Los tumores cerebrales se desarrollan dentro del sistema nervioso central y pueden ser originados por células del mismo sistema nervioso, o bien tratarse de una metástasis con origen en un órgano distinto. Representan menos de un 2% del total de casos de cáncer diagnosticados cada año a nivel mundial, pero a pesar de ello, constituyen una fuente importante de mortalidad y discapacidad. El diagnóstico de este tipo de tumores generalmente se lleva a cabo mediante técnicas de imagen (IRM) y espe...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ciro E. Iglesias Coronel
Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se brinda la metodología de realización y evaluación de los principales indicadores energéticos de los agregados de transporte agrícola, formados por tractores y remolques con el uso de la tensometría como herramienta para la toma de los datos experimentales de campo.
Neuroevolutional Approach to Cerebral Palsy and Speech.
Mysak, Edward D.
Intended for cerebral palsy specialists, the book emphasizes the contribution that a neuroevolutional approach to therapy can make to habilitation goals of the child with cerebral palsy and applies the basic principles of the Bobath approach to therapy. The first section discusses cerebral palsy as a reflection of disturbed neuro-ontogenisis and…
Cerebral toksoplasmose primaert diagnosticeret som tumor
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Cortsen, M E; Skøt, J; Skriver, E B
Three cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis as the presenting manifestation of AIDS are reported. The initial diagnoses were brain tumors because of the cerebral mass lesions which resembled glioblastoma. In the light of the increasing occurrence of AIDS, attention is drawn to cerebral toxoplasmosis...
Cerebral vasculitis associated with cocaine abuse
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A case of cerebral vasculitis in a previously healthy 22-year-old man with a history of cocaine abuse is described. Cerebral angiograms showed evidence of vasculitis. A search for possible causes other than cocaine produced no results. The authors include cocaine with methamphetamines, heroin, and ephedrine as illicit drugs that can cause cerebral vasculitis
Lifetime costs of cerebral palsy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kruse, Marie; Michelsen, Susan Ishøy; Flachs, Esben Meulengracht;
This study quantified the lifetime costs of cerebral palsy (CP) in a register-based setting. It was the first study outside the US to assess the lifetime costs of CP. The lifetime costs attributable to CP were divided into three categories: health care costs, productivity costs, and social costs....... The population analyzed was retrieved from the Danish Cerebral Palsy Register, which covers the eastern part of the country and has registered about half of the Danish population of individuals with CP since 1950. For this study we analyzed 2367 individuals with CP, who were born in 1930 to 2000 and...
Features to validate cerebral toxoplasmosis
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Carolina da Cunha Correia
Full Text Available Introduction Neurotoxoplasmosis (NT sometimes manifests unusual characteristics. Methods We analyzed 85 patients with NT and AIDS according to clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, cranial magnetic resonance, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR characteristics. Results In 8.5%, focal neurological deficits were absent and 16.4% had single cerebral lesions. Increased sensitivity of PCR for Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the central nervous system was associated with pleocytosis and presence of >4 encephalic lesions. Conclusions Patients with NT may present without focal neurological deficit and NT may occur with presence of a single cerebral lesion. Greater numbers of lesions and greater cellularity in cerebrospinal fluid improve the sensitivity of PCR to T gondii.
Vortex Dynamics in Cerebral Aneurysms
Byrne, Greg
We use an autonomous three-dimensional dynamical system to study embedded vortex structures that are observed to form in computational fluid dynamic simulations of patient-specific cerebral aneurysm geometries. These structures, described by a vortex which is enclosed within a larger vortex flowing in the opposite direction, are created and destroyed in phase space as fixed points undergo saddle-node bifurcations along vortex core lines. We illustrate how saddle-node bifurcations along vortex core lines also govern the formation and evolution of embedded vortices in cerebral aneurysms under variable inflow rates during the cardiac cycle.
Radiosurgery for cerebral cavernomas.
Nagy, G; Kemeny, A A
The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of cerebral cavernomas (CCMs) remains controversial. However, during the last decade the increasing knowledge on natural history and numerous publications from SRS centers using modern treatment protocols has been changing the initial resistance of the neurosurgical community. Unfortunately, the quality of publications on CCM SRS remains heterogeneous. Controversies arise from the lack of control groups, the different definition of hemorrhage, heterogeneous patient populations, and poor definition of treatment protocols. The key for proper interpretation of results is the understanding of the natural history of CCMs, which is varied both according to anatomical location and the presence or absence of previous hemorrhage. Hemispheric lesions appear to be more benign with lower annual bleed rate and risk of persisting disability, whereas those found in the thalamus, basal ganglia and brainstem typically have higher rebleed risk resulting in higher cumulative morbidity following subsequent hemorrhages. However, we are still unable at presentation to predict the future behavior of an individual lesion. In the present paper we critically review and analyze the modern SRS literature on CCMs. The expanding number of available data with current treatment protocols strongly supports the initial intuition that SRS is an effective treatment alternative for deep-seated CCMs with multiple hemorrhages reducing pretreatment annual rebleed rates from 32% pre-treatment to 1.5% within 2 years after treatment (N.=197). Moreover, it appears to stabilize lesions with no more than one bleed, and it is also effective for CCMs causing therapy resistant epilepsy especially if applied within 3 years after presentation. In modern SRS series the rate of persisting adverse radiation effects is low, resulting only in mild morbidity even in deep-seated lesions (4.16%, N.=376), and morbidity caused by post-treatment hemorrhages is also
What is cerebral small vessel disease?
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An accumulating amount of evidence suggests that the white matter hyperintensities on T2 weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging predict an increased risk of dementia and gait disturbance. This state has been proposed as cerebral small vessel disease, including leukoaraiosis, Binswanger's disease, lacunar stroke and cerebral microbleeds. However, the concept of cerebral small vessel disease is still obscure. To understand the cerebral small vessel disease, the precise structure and function of cerebral small vessels must be clarified. Cerebral small vessels include several different arteries which have different anatomical structures and functions. Important functions of the cerebral small vessels are blood-brain barrier and perivasucular drainage of interstitial fluid from the brain parenchyma. Cerebral capillaries and glial endfeet, take an important role for these functions. However, the previous pathological investigations on cerebral small vessels have focused on larger arteries than capillaries. Therefore little is known about the pathology of capillaries in small vessel disease. The recent discoveries of genes which cause the cerebral small vessel disease indicate that the cerebral small vessel diseases are caused by a distinct molecular mechanism. One of the pathological findings in hereditary cerebral small vessel disease is the loss of smooth muscle cells, which is an also well-recognized finding in sporadic cerebral small vessel disease. Since pericytes have similar character with the smooth muscle cells, the pericytes should be investigated in these disorders. In addition, the loss of smooth muscle cells may result in dysfunction of drainage of interstitial fluid from capillaries. The precise correlation between the loss of smooth muscle cells and white matter disease is still unknown. However, the function that is specific to cerebral small vessel may be associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease. (author)
Caffeine induced changes in cerebral circulation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
While the caffeine induced cerebral vasoconstriction is well documented, the effects of oral ingestion of the drug in a dose range comparable to the quantities in which it is usually consumed and the intensity and duration of the associated reduction in cerebral circulation are unknown. Cerebral blood flow was measured via the 133Xenon inhalation technique before and thirty and ninety minutes after the oral administration of 250 mg of caffeine or a placebo, under double-blind conditions. Caffeine ingestion was found to be associated with significant reductions in cerebral perfusion thirty and ninety minutes later. The placebo group showed no differences between the three sets of cerebral blood flow values
Contraceptives and cerebral thrombosis: a five-year national case-control study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lidegaard, Øjvind; Kreiner, Svend
Oral contraceptives; Cerebral thrombosis; Thrombotic stroke; Transitory cerebral ischemic attack; Thrombosis......Oral contraceptives; Cerebral thrombosis; Thrombotic stroke; Transitory cerebral ischemic attack; Thrombosis...
Bilateral posterior cerebral artery infarction
Ryan, Davinia; Murphy, Sinead M; Hennessey, Michael J
We report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with short-term memory impairment and a homonymous left inferior quadrantanopia secondary to simultaneous bilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory infarction. As in more than a quarter of cases of PCA
Investigating cerebral oedema using poroelasticity.
Vardakis, John C; Chou, Dean; Tully, Brett J; Hung, Chang C; Lee, Tsong H; Tsui, Po-Hsiang; Ventikos, Yiannis
Cerebral oedema can be classified as the tangible swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume. Hydrocephalus can be succinctly described as the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain which ultimately leads to oedema within specific sites of parenchymal tissue. Using hydrocephalus as a test bed, one is able to account for the necessary mechanisms involved in the interaction between oedema formation and cerebral fluid production, transport and drainage. The current state of knowledge about integrative cerebral dynamics and transport phenomena indicates that poroelastic theory may provide a suitable framework to better understand various diseases. In this work, Multiple-Network Poroelastic Theory (MPET) is used to develop a novel spatio-temporal model of fluid regulation and tissue displacement within the various scales of the cerebral environment. The model is applied through two formats, a one-dimensional finite difference - Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupling framework, as well as a two-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) formulation. These are used to investigate the role of endoscopic fourth ventriculostomy in alleviating oedema formation due to fourth ventricle outlet obstruction (1D coupled model) in addition to observing the capability of the FEM template in capturing important characteristics allied to oedema formation, like for instance in the periventricular region (2D model). PMID:26749338
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Saginoya, Toshiyuki [Urasoe General Hospital, Okinawa (Japan); Yamaguchi, Keiichiro; Kuniyoshi, Kazuhide [and others
We evaluated 35 patients with cerebral palsy on the basis of MR imaging findings in the brain. The types of palsy were spastic quadriplegia (n=11), spastic diplegia (n=9), spastic hemiplegia (n=2), double hemiplegia (n=1), athetosis (n=10) and mixed (n=2). Of all patients, 28 (80%) generated abnormal findings. In spastic quadriplegia, although eight cases revealed severe brain damage, two cases showed no abnormal findings in the brain. One of the three had cervical cord compression caused by atlanto-axial subluxation. In spastic diplegia, the findings were divided according to whether the patient was born at term or preterm. If the patient had been born prematurely, the findings showed periventricular leukomalacia and abnormally high intensity in the posterior limbs of the internal capsule on T2-weighted images. MR imaging in spastic hemiplegia revealed cerebral infarction. In the athetoid type, half of all cases showed either no abnormal findings or slight widening of the lateral ventricle. Three cases showed abnormal signals of the basal ganglia. The reason why athetoid-type palsy did not show severe abnormality is unknown. We believe that MR imaging is a useful diagnostic modality to detect damage in the brain in cerebral palsy and plays an important role in the differentiation of cerebral palsy from the spastic palsy disease. (author)
Cerebral imaging revealing Alzheimer's disease
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cerebral imaging is the only non-invasive means of examining the brain and is essential in studying Alzheimer's disease. As a tool for early diagnosis, evaluation and treatment monitoring, this technology is at the heart of the research being done to further improve its reliability and sensitivity. (authors)
Cerebral Palsy and Neonatal Encephalopathy
J Gordon Millichap
The type and severity of cerebral palsy (CP) and pattern of associated disability in children with or without preceding neonatal encephalopathy (NE) were compared in a population-based case-control study of patients followed for 6 years at the Children's Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Ocular defects in cerebral palsy
Katoch Sabita; Devi Anjana; Kulkarni Prajakta
There is a high prevalence of ocular defects in children with developmental disabilities. This study evaluated visual disability in a group of 200 cerebral palsy (CP) patients and found that 68% of the children had significant visual morbidity. These findings emphasize the need for an early ocular examination in patients with CP.
[Cerebral ischemia in young adults].
Berlit, P; Endemann, B; Vetter, P
An overview is given over etiology and prognosis of cerebral ischemias until the age of 40. In a time period of 19 years, 168 patients were diagnosed with cerebral ischemia until the age of 40 (91 females, 77 males). The most frequent etiology is premature atherosclerosis in patients with vascular risk factors (up to 50%). Cardiogenic embolism is responsible for 1 to 34% of the cases: cardiac valve diseases and endocarditis being the most frequent sources. In 2 to 19% a vasculitis is diagnosed. While infectious arteritis is especially frequent in countries of the third world, immunovasculitides are common in Europe and the USA. Noninflammatory vasculopathies include spontaneous or traumatic dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia and vascular malformations. A migrainous stroke is especially frequent in female smokers with intake of oral contraceptives. During pregnancy both sinus thrombosis and arterial ischemia occur. Hematologic causes for ischemia are polycythemia, thrombocytosis and genetic diseases (sickle cell anemia, AT3-deficiency). Cerebral ischemia may occur in connection with the ingestion of ergot-derivates. The prognosis of cerebral ischemia in young adults is better than in older stroke-patients. PMID:1937340
CT of cerebral hydatid disease
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Six cases of cerebral hydatid disease (CHD) were seen in Kuwait over a period of 8 years. The typical CT appearance of a large well-defined spherical nonenhanced unilocular cyst was seen in four cases. Two unusual but characteristic types of calcification were seen, one in each of the remaining two cases. (orig.)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We evaluated 35 patients with cerebral palsy on the basis of MR imaging findings in the brain. The types of palsy were spastic quadriplegia (n=11), spastic diplegia (n=9), spastic hemiplegia (n=2), double hemiplegia (n=1), athetosis (n=10) and mixed (n=2). Of all patients, 28 (80%) generated abnormal findings. In spastic quadriplegia, although eight cases revealed severe brain damage, two cases showed no abnormal findings in the brain. One of the three had cervical cord compression caused by atlanto-axial subluxation. In spastic diplegia, the findings were divided according to whether the patient was born at term or preterm. If the patient had been born prematurely, the findings showed periventricular leukomalacia and abnormally high intensity in the posterior limbs of the internal capsule on T2-weighted images. MR imaging in spastic hemiplegia revealed cerebral infarction. In the athetoid type, half of all cases showed either no abnormal findings or slight widening of the lateral ventricle. Three cases showed abnormal signals of the basal ganglia. The reason why athetoid-type palsy did not show severe abnormality is unknown. We believe that MR imaging is a useful diagnostic modality to detect damage in the brain in cerebral palsy and plays an important role in the differentiation of cerebral palsy from the spastic palsy disease. (author)
[Should cerebral autoregulation be reassessed?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Secher, Niels H.
Maintained cardiac output (CO) and cerebral oxygenation (ScO2) are of importance for a reduction in perioperative complications. Normovolaemia is defined as a central blood volume that does not limit CO for the supine patient and is maintained by individualized goal directed fluid therapy. Thereby...
Miotoxicidade por organofosforados
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Cavaliere Maria J.
Full Text Available Os organofosforados são um grupo de compostos químicos amplamente utilizados em agropecuária como inseticidas, ocasionando intoxicações acidentais em animais e humanos, e mesmo sendo utilizados em tentativas de suicídio. A toxicidade desses produtos decorre sobretudo de insuficiência cárdio-respiratória por compromentimento do sistema nervoso autônomo. Sabe-se que alguns destes compostos induzem em animais de experimentação e em humanos, uma miopatia caracterizada por degeneração de células musculares, comprometendo sobretudo a musculatura respiratória. Baseado no fato de que este comprometimento contribui para a piora da função respiratória, propõe-se um protocolo de avaliação rotineira de miotoxicidade por compostos organofosforados, através de uma bateria mínima e suficiente de colorações e reações histoquímicas para quantificação da necrose muscular. Utilizaram-se como modelo experimental, grupos de ratos albinos (Wistar intoxicados com o organofosforado paraoxon, com e sem antídotos (atropina ou pralidoxima. Verificou-se nos grupos tratados com paraoxon e paraoxon mais atropina, necrose de fibras musculares no diafragma, que atingia em determinadas áreas até 15% das fibras. No grupo tratado com paraoxon mais pralidoxima, a necrose foi mínima, evidenciando o papel mioprotetor deste último antídoto.
Cerebral edema in drug addicts
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Daruši Dragana J.
Full Text Available Background/Aim. The effect of drugs leaves permanent consequences on the brain, organic in type, followed by numerous manifestations, and it significantly affects the development of mental dysfunctions. The clinicians are often given a task to estimate a patient's personality during treatment or during experts estimate of a drug addict. The aim of this research was to determine the differences, if any, in characteristics of addicts experience and personality traits in drug addicts with or without cerebral edema. Methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 252 male drug addicts, the average age of 23.3 (SD = 4.3 years. Cerebral edema was confirmed on magnetic resonance (MR images of the brain performed during the treatment of the addicts. The participants were tested by the psychologists using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-201 test, and the data were processed using canonical discriminate analysis within the SPSS program. The dependent variable in the study was cerebral edema. A block of independent variables, designed for the requirements of this study, consisted of two subgroups. The first one consisted of 12 variables describing the relevant characteristics of drug abuse. The second subgroup consisted of 8 psychopathological tendencies in the personality defined by the mentioned test. Results. Cerebral edema was confirmed in 52 (20.63% of the drug addicts. The differences between the groups of drug addicts with and without cerebral edema were determined in the following: the time span of taking drugs (0.301, use of alcohol parallel with drugs (0.466, and treatment for addiction (0.603. In the drug addicts with a cerebral edema, MMPI-201 confirmed the increase in the scales for hypochondria, psychopathic deviations and psychastenia, and the decrease in the scales for schizophrenia and depression. Conclusion. Our study confirmed a possible connection between cerebral edema and personality traits in a number of the
Late cerebral ischaemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Edvinsson, L; Povlsen, G K
Late cerebral ischaemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) carries high morbidity and mortality because of reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and subsequent cerebral ischaemia. This is associated with upregulation of contractile receptors in cerebral artery smooth muscles via the activation of...... intracellular signalling. In addition, delayed cerebral ischaemia after SAH is associated with inflammation and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This article reviews recent evidence concerning the roles of vasoconstrictor receptor upregulation, inflammation and BBB breakdown in delayed cerebral...... ischaemia after SAH. In addition, recent studies investigating the role of various intracellular signalling pathways in these processes and the possibilities of targeting signalling components in SAH treatment are discussed. Studies using a rat SAH model have demonstrated that cerebral arteries increase...
Cabral, oão José Lobato Guimarães Ferreira
A hérnia de disco intervertebral com compressão nervosa que não cede ao tratamento médico, tradicionalmente, é indicação para tratamento cirúrgico. No entanto, técnicas minimamente invasivas e os procedimentos percutâneos têm sido usados e desenvolvidos nas últimas duas décadas, tanto como procedimentos alternativos, bem como possibilidades terapêuticas que antecedem o tratamento cirúrgico convencional, podendo adiar o mesmo por tempo indeterminado. De entre estas opções técnicas, surge a Nuc...
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Annie Rodríguez Collázos
Full Text Available El estudio de lo popular y lo urbano hasta ahora se ha centrado en el comportamiento y en algunas relaciones de los habitantes con su entorno. "Por mil devaluados pesos. Publicidad popular y urbana", pretende explorar las formas de publicidad, dispersas en diferentes espacios populares y urbanos en Bogotá, identificando esquemas y formas características de sus propios códigos comunicativos; se centran en un objeto de estudio consistente en las estrategias publicitarias y los códigos comunicativos en los mensajes publicitarios populares en las subculturas de San Victorino, 7 de Agosto y Sanandresito de San José.
Anestesia e paralisia cerebral Anestesia y parálisis cerebral Anesthesia and cerebral palsy
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Március Vinícius M Maranhão
Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A paralisia cerebral (PC é uma doença não progressiva decorrente de lesão no sistema nervoso central, levando a um comprometimento motor do paciente. O portador de PC freqüentemente é submetido a procedimentos cirúrgicos devido a doenças usuais e situações particulares decorrentes da paralisia cerebral. Foi objetivo deste artigo revisar aspectos da paralisia cerebral de interesse para o anestesiologista, permitindo um adequado manuseio pré, intra e pós-operatório neste tipo de paciente. CONTEÚDO: O artigo aborda aspectos da paralisia cerebral como etiologia, classificação, fatores de risco, fisiopatologia, quadro clínico, diagnóstico, terapêuticas utilizadas bem como avaliação pré-operatória, medicação pré-anestésica, manuseio intra e pós-operatório, analgesia pós-operatória e dor crônica. CONCLUSÕES: O anestesiologista desempenha um papel importante na diminuição da morbidade e mortalidade anestésico-cirúrgica em pacientes portadores de paralisia cerebral. O conhecimento da fisiopatologia dos diferentes tipos de paralisia cerebral bem como das doenças associadas e suas terapêuticas é imprescindível, pois permite ao anestesiologista antecipar e prevenir complicações intra e pós-operatórias neste tipo de paciente.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La parálisis cerebral (PC es una enfermedad no progresiva consecuente de una lesión en el sistema nervioso central, llevando a un comprometimiento motor del paciente. El portador de PC, frecuentemente es sometido a procedimientos quirúrgicos debido a enfermedades usuales y situaciones particulares consecuentes de la parálisis cerebral. El objetivo de este artículo, fue revisar aspectos de la parálisis cerebral de interés para el anestesista, permitiendo un adecuado manoseo pre, intra y posoperatorio en este tipo de paciente. CONTENIDO: El artículo aborda aspectos de la parálisis cerebral como etiología, clasificación, factores de
Caso mortal de Malaria Cerebral en la misión de Uganda Death due to cerebral malaria in Uganda
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M.E. Presa García
Full Text Available Las enfermedades y lesiones no de combate han sido y siguen siendo en nuestros días una amenaza muy importante para nuestras tropas. Entre ellas, las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores artrópodos ocupan un lugar importante, como es el caso del paludismo en Uganda. La prevención Sanitaria incluye una fase previa al despliegue, una fase de despliegue y otra fase posterior al despliegue. Durante nuestra misión en Uganda se ha perseguido cada una de estas fases para hacer frente a este riesgo potencialmente mortal, pero fácilmente evitable. Presentamos el caso de malaria cerebral padecido por una enfermera de nacionalidad italiana y no militar del Role 2 de Bihanga, de evolución rápida que falleció en un hospital de Nairobi.Non-combat diseases and injuries have always posed, and still do, a serious threat to our troops. Among these, arthropod-transmitted diseases are of particular relevance, as in the example of malaria in Uganda. Mission health prevention has before, during, and after deployment phases. Throughout our mission in Uganda, we have focused on each of these phases in order to tackle this deadly yet easily avoidable risk. We report the case of cerebral malaria suffered by a nurse of Italian nationality and non-military, that belong to Role 2 of Bihanga, rapidly progressive who died in a hospital in Nairobi.
Digital subtraction angiography in cerebral infarction
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The usefulness and radiographic findings of the angiography in cerebral infarction are well known. We attempted to evaluate the angiographic causes, findings, and the usefulness of DSA in cerebral infarction. The authors reviewed retrospectively DSA images of 51 patients who were diagnosed as having cerebral infarction by brain CT and/or MRI and clinical settings. DSA was performed in all 51 patients, and in 3 patients, conventional angiogram was also done. Both carotid DSA images were obtained in AP, lateral, oblique projections, and one or both vertebral DSA images in AP and lateral. The authors reviewed the patient's charts for symptoms, operative findings and final diagnosis, and analysed DSA findings of cerebral atherosclerosis with focus on 6 major cerebral arteries. Among the 51 patients of cerebral infarction 43 patients (84.3%) had cerebral atherosclerosis, 1 dissecting aneurysm, 1 moyamoya disease and 6 negative in angiogram. DSA findings of cerebral atherosclerosis were multiple narrowing in 42 patients (97.7%), tortuosity in 22 (51.2%), dilatation in 14, occlusion in 12, avascular region in 8, collaterals in 7, ulcer in 6, and delayed washout of contrast media in 3. In cerebral atherosclerosis, internal carotid artery was involved in 37 patients (86.0%), middle cerebral artery in 29 (67.4%) posterior cerebral artery in 28, anterior cerebral artery in 26, vertebral artery in 22, and basilar artery in 15. Intracranial involvement of cerebral atherosclerosis (64.9%) was more common than extracranial involvement (16.2%). In cerebral infarction MRA may be the screening test, but for more precise evaluation of vascular abnormality and its extent, DSA should be considered
Portable exhausters POR-004 SKID B, POR-005 SKID C, POR-006 SKID D storage plan
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This document provides a storage plan for portable exhausters POR-004 SKID B, POR-005 SKID C, AND POR-006 SKID D. The exhausters will be stored until they are needed by the TWRS (Tank Waste Remediation Systems) Saltwell Pumping Program. The storage plan provides criteria for portable exhauster storage, periodic inspections during storage, and retrieval from storage
Fatores associados a perfusão cerebral anormal em dependentes de cocaína
Silveira Dartiu X da; Fernandes Marcelo; Barbieri Antonio; Labigalini Eliseu; Silveira Evelyn D
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre o padrão de uso da cocaína e a perfusão cerebral de dependentes da substância. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se uma amostra de 30 dependentes de cocaína por meio de tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (single photon emission computed tomography - SPECT) com hexametil-propileno-amina-oxima, marcada com tecnécio 99 m (99 m-Tc-HMPAO), e comparou-se o padrão de perfusão cerebral com o padrão de consumo da droga. RESULTADOS: Dos dependentes, 80% apresentaram ...
Entrenamiento del equilibrio en los niños y niñas con parálisis cerebral espástica y sus efectos.
Ruiz García, Andrea
Introducción: la parálisis cerebral (PC) es un trastorno permanente, pero no invariable, de la postura y del movimiento que resulta de un trastorno cerebral no progresivo debido a factores hereditarios o eventos que ocurren durante el embarazo, el parto, el período neonatal o en los primeros días de vida, lo que limita la actividad motora acompañado a menudo por trastornos sensoriales, cognitivos, de la comunicación, de la percepción y trastornos del comportamiento. La parálisis cerebral de t...
Cerebral aterial spasm. I. Adrenergic mechanism in experimental cerebral vasospasm.
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Full Text Available This study demonstrates that an adrenergic mechanism plays an important role in producing the delayed cerebral vasospasm which follows subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results were as follows: 1. Experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH was produced by injection of fresh arterial blood into the cisterna magna in cats. The cerebral vasospasm was shown angiographically to be biphasic in nature: immediate constriction lasting 1 h and marked prolonged spasm occurring between the 3rd and 5th day after SAH. The amount of noradrenaline (NA and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH activity decreased over a period of 24 h both within the wall of the basilar artery and in the locus ceruleus and then gradually increased, reaching a maximum on the 3rd day after SAH. 2. Topical application of spasmogenic substances (NA and blood produced a marked constriction of the hypersensitive basilar artery on the 3rd day after SAH. 3. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA injection into the cisterna magna produced prolonged vasocilatation. The dilated vessel responded with mild transient constriction after the topical application of NA or fresh blood. DBH activity and NA concentration in the vessels, locus ceruleus and medial hypothalamus decreased markedly on the 3rd day after the cisternal injection of 6-OHDA. 4. Various spasmogenic substances (i.e. serotonin, NA, prostaglandins and methemoglobin were measured in a mixture of equal volume of CSF and blood in cats. ONly the serotonin in the mixed fluid produced vasoconstriction. Spasmogenic substances decreased markedly in the mixed fluid incubated for 3 days at 37 degrees C, and none of these substances apart from methemoglobin was present in a concentration sufficient to produce constriction of vessels. 5. These results suggest that early spasm is induced by serotonin around the arteries of the cranial base, and delayed spasm might be caused by hyperreaction of cerebral vessels to spasmogenic substances such as methemoglobin, during the
Among new researches bearing on cerebral palsy are the growth of brain cells in tissue cultures for experimentation; the use of polysaccharides to prevent the formation of a glial barrier to nerve growth after injury; observation of changes in reactions of neurons at various stages of development; the finding of hypernatremia and hyperchloremia in lesions of the frontal lobe and the thalamus; stimulation of cerebral blood flow by injection of sodium bicarbonate and retardation with ammonium chloride; and studies of serial sections of brains of palsied children who died. Study of development in the early months of life has made possible the detection of significant abnormalities in behavior early in life. Loss of hearing may be tested in very young children by measuring minute variations in electrical resistance of the skin upon auditory stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Conditions which have been described as having been confused with cerebral palsy are dislocation of a cervical vertebra, hereditary spastic paraplegia, transverse myelopathy, injury to the spinal cord or cauda equina by anomalous growths of the spine, and also encephalitis and meningitis. Sedation has proved a valuable adjunct to electroencephalographic study of cerebral palsy. Better criteria for abnormality in the young child should be determined and the application of them more clearly standardized. Simple exercises are useful for early training of palsied children to stimulate development. "Crossed laterality"-the dominant eye being contralateral to the preferred hand-has been counteracted by special training with great success in eliminating emotional and behavior problems and accelerating development.Recent studies indicate that only 50 per cent of cerebral palsy patients have normal or better intelligence. Subluxation of the hip joint, a common deformity associated with cerebral palsy, can sometimes be corrected by operation if detected at an early stage. Radical ablation of
Clinical application of cerebral dynamic perfusion studies
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Radionuclide cerebral perfusion studies are assuming a far greater importance in the detection and differential diagnosis of cerebral lesions. Perfusion studies not only contribute to the differential diagnosis of lesions but in certain cases are the preferred methods by which more accurate clinical interpretations can be made. The characteristic blood flow of arterio-venous malformations readily differentiates this lesion from neoplasms. The decreased perfusion or absent perfusion observed in cerebral infarctions is diagnostic without concurrent evidence from static images. Changes in rates and direction of blood flow contribute fundamental information to the status of stenosis and vascular occlusion and, in addition, offer valuable information on the competency and routes of collateral circulation. The degree of cerebral perfusion after cerebral vascular accidents appears to be directly related to patient recovery, particularly muscular function. Cerebral perfusion adds a new parameter in the diagnosis of subdural haematomas and concussion and in the differentiation of obscuring radioactivity from superficial trauma. Although pictorial displays of perfusion blood flow will offer information in most cerebral vascular problems, the addition of computer analysis better defines temporal relationships of regional blood flow, quantitative changes in flow and the detection of the more subtle increases or decreases in cerebral blood flow. The status of radionuclide cerebral perfusion studies has taken on an importance making it the primary modality for the diagnosis of cerebral lesions. (author)
Ramón del Llano Ibáñez
Nuestro pan y café de la mañana se acompaña de noticias alrededor de ejecuciones, de fosas clandestinas, de batallas del ejército, de balaceras en las calles y civiles caídos por balas perdidas : la muerte acompaña nuestro desayuno. Las calaveras de azúcar del día de muertos hoy son calaveras reales y amargas : 40 000 muertos en cuatro años después que el Presidente Calderón declaró la guerra a los narcotraficantes. Se han apresado a varios e importantes miembros de los cárteles : pero han si...
Silva, Pedro Miguel Paiva da
A Enfermagem regista evolução a vários níveis, o que torna imperioso reconhecer como de significativo valor o papel do enfermeiro. A Especialização em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica visa o desenvolvimento de competências para a assistência de Enfermagem avançada ao doente adulto e idoso em estado crítico, revelando uma maior apropriação, por parte dos enfermeiros especialistas de uma concepção de cuidados sustentada numa conceptualização científica dos cuidados, daí infere-se o contributo num...
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Ramón del Llano Ibáñez
Full Text Available Nuestro pan y café de la mañana se acompaña de noticias alrededor de ejecuciones, de fosas clandestinas, de batallas del ejército, de balaceras en las calles y civiles caídos por balas perdidas : la muerte acompaña nuestro desayuno. Las calaveras de azúcar del día de muertos hoy son calaveras reales y amargas : 40 000 muertos en cuatro años después que el Presidente Calderón declaró la guerra a los narcotraficantes. Se han apresado a varios e importantes miembros de los cárteles : pero han si...
Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico Associado ao Consumo de Cocaína
Conceição, MC; V. Gomes; Baptista, A
Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de um homem de 37 anos, fumador de cocaína, que foi admitido no serviço por acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico. Faz-se a discussão dos diagnósticos diferenciais e uma referência aos tipos, formas de administração, metabolismo, características clínicas e toxicidade da cocaína.
Onicomicosis por hongos fuliginosos
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Ingrid Salas-Campos
Full Text Available Justificación y objetivo: Las infecciones de las uñas producidas por hongos son un problema de frecuente consulta dermatológica. Los dermatofitos son la mayor causa de estas infecciones, siendo Trichophyton rubrum el agente etiológico más importante. Sin embargo, los hongos no dermatofitos, tanto hialinos como fuliginosos, pueden ser también responsables de estos cuadros clínicos. Debido a que estos hongos tienden a ser resistentes a los antimicóticos comúnmente usados para tratar las onicomicosis, es que se hace indispensable que el clínico se asegure por medio de un examen de laboratorio de la etiología de la infección. Métodos: Se estudiaron tres casos de pacientes con lesiones en uñas, que acudieron al laboratorio de Micología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica. Se realizaron los análisis de rutina para aislamiento e identificación de hongos patógenos. Resultados: En los tres casos estudiados se observó al examen directo micelio fuliginoso. En uno de los casos se aisló e identificó Scytalidium dimidiatum, hongo que presenta resistencia a los antifúngicos utilizados para tratar onicomicosis. Conclusión. El reporte de hongos diferentes a los dermatofitos como agentes etiológicos de onicomicosis es importante para que el médico pueda elegir el tratamiento más recomendado para este tipo de infección.
Endovascular therapy: new alternative for treatment of cerebral vasospasm associated with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage La trapia endovascular: una nueva alternativa en el tratamiento del vasoespasmo cerebral asociado a la hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea
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Sergio Vargas
Full Text Available Cerebral vasospasm is the first treatable cause of death and disability secondary to spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured cerebral aneurysms. However, its treatment has been disapointing with poor results. Despite the fact that the physiopathologic mechanisms governing this phenomenon are largely unknown, during the last nine years, simultaneously with the development of endovascular therapy techniques for treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, two new alternatives have emerged in order to alleviate cerebral vasospasm: intraarterial papaverine and cerebral balloon angioplasty. We report the use of intraarterial papaverine in one case to treat cerebral vasospasm presented during the endovascular therapy procedure; a review of literature is included. EI vaso espasmo cerebral es la principal causa tratable de muerte e incapacidad por hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea secundaria a la ruptura de un aneurisma cerebral. Sin embargo, su tratamiento ha sido tradicionalmente frustrante, con resultados desalentadores. A pesar de que aún no se han aclarado del todo los mecanismos fisiopatológicos a través de los cuales ocurre este intrigante fenómeno, en los últimos 9 años, paralelamente al desarrollo de las técnicas endovasculares para el tratamiento de las enferm~dades cerebrovasculares, han surgido nuevas alternativas en el manejo del vasoespasmo cerebral. Entre ellas se destacan el uso intraarterial de papaverina y la angioplastia con balón de los vasos cerebrales. Se presenta una revisión del estado actual de estos novedosos instrumentos terapéuticos, así como el reporte de un caso en el cual usamos la papaverina intraarterial en el tratamiento del vasoespasmo quese presentó durante un procedimiento endovascular para excluir un aneurisma de la arteria cerebral media.
Actinomicose cerebral: relato de caso Actinomycosis of the brain: case report
O acometimento do sistema nervoso central por actinomicetos é raro, porém apresenta bom prognóstico se diagnosticado precocemente e tratado adequadamente. Um caso de abscesso cerebral actinomicótico é apresentado mostrando a necessidade de inclusão desta patologia no diagnóstico diferencial dos processos infecciosos que acometem o sistema nervoso central.Actinomycosis located in the central nervous system is an extremely uncommon event, but if correctly diagnosed and properly treated may have...
Animal models of cerebral ischemia
Khodanovich, M. Yu.; Kisel, A. A.
Cerebral ischemia remains one of the most frequent causes of death and disability worldwide. Animal models are necessary to understand complex molecular mechanisms of brain damage as well as for the development of new therapies for stroke. This review considers a certain range of animal models of cerebral ischemia, including several types of focal and global ischemia. Since animal models vary in specificity for the human disease which they reproduce, the complexity of surgery, infarct size, reliability of reproduction for statistical analysis, and adequate models need to be chosen according to the aim of a study. The reproduction of a particular animal model needs to be evaluated using appropriate tools, including the behavioral assessment of injury and non-invasive and post-mortem control of brain damage. These problems also have been summarized in the review.
Chinese semantic processing cerebral areas
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
SHAN Baoci; ZHANG Wutian; MA Lin; LI Dejun; CAO Bingli; TANG Yiyuan; WU Yigen; TANG Xiaowei
This study has identified the active cerebral areas of normal Chinese that are associated with Chinese semantic processing using functional brain imaging. According to the traditional cognitive theory, semantic processing is not particularly associated with or affected by input modality. The functional brain imaging experiments were conducted to identify the common active areas of two modalities when subjects perform Chinese semantic tasks through reading and listening respectively. The result has shown that the common active areas include left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45), left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (BA37); the joint area of inferior parietal lobules (BA40) and superior temporal gyrus, the ventral occipital areas and cerebella of both hemispheres. It gives important clue to further discerning the roles of different cerebral areas in Chinese semantic processing.
Cerebral calcifications and schizophreniform disorder
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Leonardo Fernandez Meyer
Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: Discuss pathophysiological aspects of cerebral calcifications (CC and highlight its importance related to the occurrence of neuropsychiatric syndromes. METHOD: Single case report. RESULT: Man 52 years old, 20 years after going through a total thyroidectomy, starts showing behavioral disturbance (psychotic syndrome. He was diagnosed as schizophrenic (paranoid subtype and submitted to outpatient psychiatric treatment. During a psychiatric admission to evaluate his progressive cognitive and motor deterioration, we identified a dementia syndrome and extensive cerebral calcifications, derived from iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. CONCLUSION: The calcium and phosphorus disturbances, including hypoparathyroidism, are common causes of CC. Its symptoms can imitate psychiatric disorders and produce serious and permanent cognitive sequelae. The exclusion of organicity is mandatory in any psychiatric investigative diagnosis in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes, such as in the present case report.
Bilateral posterior cerebral artery infarction.
Ryan, Davinia; Murphy, Sinead M; Hennessey, Michael J
We report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with short-term memory impairment and a homonymous left inferior quadrantanopia secondary to simultaneous bilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory infarction. As in more than a quarter of cases of PCA infarction, no aetiological cause was identified. Unlike the transient nature of symptoms in some cases following unilateral infarction, his deficits persisted on 2-month follow-up. PMID:22798298
Clinical studies on cerebral infarction
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hemorrhagic infarction (HI) is termed as the infarction in which a large part of the necrotic tissue is stippled with small hemorrhage. The pathogenetic mechanism of this disease still remains controversial. Cerebral infarction has long been divided into two subtypes-thrombosis and embolism-according to the pathogenetic mechanisms. Clinical studies were carried out in 31 cases of HI with cerebral thrombosis. CT findings of these cases were classified into five groups according to both size of low density area which indicates regions of infarction and distribution of arterial supply. The low density area of Type I-Type III were observed in the area of the middle cerebral artery. That of Type IV was observed in the area of the internal capsule and basal ganglia. That of Type V was observed in the area of the posterior cerebral artery. CT reveals two patterns of HI -pattern A and pattern B-. The CT finding of pattern A is appearance of high density area in the low density area. The CT finding of pattern B is appearance of iso density area in the low density area. rCBF was measured by 133Xe inhalation technique in 21 patients with CT type I, II and III. Thereafter, with regard to the various findings in CT, the clinical findings and CBF findings, a comparative study was carried out on these ten groups. From the results of present studies, it is concluded that sequential changes of CBF in cases with pattern A are different from those with pattern B, and that CBF measurement does not permit an estimation of a patient's chance for functionary recovery after a stroke in acute and subacute stage but permits estimation of functional outcome in chronic stage. (J.P.N.)
Cerebral palsy and neonatal encephalopathy.
Gaffney, G; Flavell, V; Johnson, A; Squier, M.; Sellers, S
A retrospective cohort study was carried out to test the hypothesis that children born at term with cerebral palsy with signs of neurological dysfunction preceded by depression at birth (termed neonatal encephalopathy) differ from those without such signs in the frequency of antenatal and perinatal factors, and in the severity and characteristics of their impairment and disability. The study was carried out in the area covered by Oxford Regional Health Authority. Antenatal, intrapartum, neona...
Visual disorders in cerebral palsy
Govind Amita; Lamba P
Seventy children with cere-bral palsy were examined for aetiological factors responsible, type of disorder and ocular abnormalities. The overall inci-dence of ocular abnormalities was 68.69%, the highest frequency being of squint (35.7%). Other anomalies detected inclu-ded refractive errors (28.5%), optic atrophy (10%) and coloboma (2.9%). Most children were spastic quadriplegics with asphyxia as the major aetiological factor. The study created an awareness ...
Primary cerebral lymphoma: radiological findings
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We present four cases of primary cerebral lymphoma in non-immunodepressed adult patients. All cases were dsemonstrated with pathological study. CAT study showed solitary or multiple isodense lesions, which incorporated avidly and homoneneously the contrast. Arteriography performed in three patients and magnetic resonance, performed in one did not help for diagnosis. We also review the radiological findings obtained with different imaging methods, and suggest the criteria which could be useful for early diagnosis (Author)
Baclofen in Spastic Cerebral Palsy
J Akhundian
To evaluate the effect of oral baclofen in spastic cerebral palsy (cp), we studied 40 children with different clinical types of spastic cp. Half of these children served as control group and the others received oral baclofen. All of them were treated with physiotherapy under equal conditions for 6 weeks. We used two methods, modified Ashworth scale and range of motion for evaluation. At the end of therapy we found a significant improvement in the baclofen group compared to control group. As a...
Cerebral palsy in preterm infants
Demeši-Drljan Čila; Mikov Aleksandra; Filipović Karmela; Tomašević-Todorović Snežana; Knežević Aleksandar; Krasnik Rastislava
Background/Aim. Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of neurological impairment in childhood. Preterm birth is a significant risk factor in the occurrence of CP. Clinical outcomes may include impairment of gross motor function and intellectual abilities, visual impairment and epilepsy. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among gestational age, type of CP, functional ability and associated conditions. Methods. The sample size w...
Cerebral Palsy: A Dental Update
Sehrawat, Nidhi; Marwaha, Mohita; Bansal, Kalpana; Chopra, Radhika
ABSTRACT Special and medically compromised patients present a unique population that challenges the dentist's skill and knowledge. Providing oral care to people with cerebral palsy (CP) requires adaptation of the skills we use everyday. In fact, most people with mild or moderate forms of CP can be treated successfully in the general practice setting. This article is to review various dental considerations and management of a CP patient. How to cite this article: Sehrawat N, Marwaha M, Bansal ...
Acute hypoxia increases the cerebral metabolic rate
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Vestergaard, Mark Bitsch; Lindberg, Ulrich; Aachmann-Andersen, Niels Jacob;
imaging techniques were used to measure global cerebral blood flow and the venous oxygen saturation in the sagittal sinus. Global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen was quantified from cerebral blood flow and arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference. Concentrations of lactate, glutamate, N......-acetylaspartate, creatine and phosphocreatine were measured in the visual cortex by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Twenty-three young healthy males were scanned for 60 min during normoxia, followed by 40 min of breathing hypoxic air. Inhalation of hypoxic air resulted in an increase in cerebral blood flow of 15.5% (p = 0.......058), and an increase in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen of 8.5% (p = 0.035). Cerebral lactate concentration increased by 180.3% ([Formula: see text]), glutamate increased by 4.7% ([Formula: see text]) and creatine and phosphocreatine decreased by 15.2% (p[Formula: see text]). The N-acetylaspartate concentration...
Behcet's disease with cerebral vasculitis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The case presented illustrates the diagnostic dilemma off neurological involvement in Behcet's disease and other inflammatory diseases. 'Psychiatric' symptoms were present for 2 years without abnormalities on SPECT or MRI and without CSF pleocytosis. Even at the time of fitting, no CSF abnormalities were observed. The preceding psychiatric presentations may have been due to cerebral vasculitis that was exacerbated by withdrawal of steroids. Magnetic resonance imaging is currently the most sensitive imaging modality. Lesions are usually in the brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia region or periventricular white matter, and the pons and the mesencephalon are commonly affected. In our patient there was no diencephalic or brainstem involvement. The inflammatory process can appear as a very large lesion, with gadolinium enhancement and significant mass effect, as in our patient. Brain magnetic resonance imaging. Postgadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, axial image shows two large lesions in the right frontal lobe, with the larger, posterior lesion demonstrating vivid ring enhancement. A central nodule is isodense, with the cerebral white matter within the larger lesion. Surrounding low T1 signal involves the hemispheric white matter without cortical extension and is consistent with vasogenic oedema. Minor mass effect is demonstrated with bowing of the anterior falx cerebri to the left. Biopsy shows prominent fibrinoid necrosis in small calibre postcapillary venules and cerebral white matter. There are surrounding acute and chronic inflammatory cells and nuclear debris, consistent with vasculitis
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Yoon, Sang Hum; Chang, Seung Kuk; Cho, Mee Young; Park, Dong Woo; Kim, Jong Deok; Eun, Choong Ki [Pusan Paik Hospital, Pusan (Korea, Republic of)
To evaluate the MR findings of brain damage in cerebral palised patients and to correlate it with gestational age and the time of damage. A retrospective analysis was performed in 40 patients who underwent MR scanning for evaluation of brain lesion in clinically diagnosed cerebral palsy. Authors classified the patients into two groups as premature and full-term and compared MR findings of the two groups. Abnormal MR findings were noted in 28 cases (70%). Five out of 6 patients who had been born prematurely showed isolate periventricular white matter lesions. Twenty-three out of 34 patients who had been born at full-term showed abnormal MR findings. Of these 23 patients, migration anomalies in 7 patients, isolate periventricular white matter lesions in 3 patients, and other combined periventricular subcortical white matter and deep gray matter lesions in 14 patients were seen. At least, 10 patients(43%) of full term group showed abnormal MRI findings reflecting intrauterine brain damage and all 5 patients of premature group showed isolate periventricular white matter lesions suggesting immaturity of brain. MRI is thought to be very useful in the assessment of brain damage for the patients with cerebral palsy by recognizing the location of the lesion and estimating the time of damage.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
To evaluate the MR findings of brain damage in cerebral palised patients and to correlate it with gestational age and the time of damage. A retrospective analysis was performed in 40 patients who underwent MR scanning for evaluation of brain lesion in clinically diagnosed cerebral palsy. Authors classified the patients into two groups as premature and full-term and compared MR findings of the two groups. Abnormal MR findings were noted in 28 cases (70%). Five out of 6 patients who had been born prematurely showed isolate periventricular white matter lesions. Twenty-three out of 34 patients who had been born at full-term showed abnormal MR findings. Of these 23 patients, migration anomalies in 7 patients, isolate periventricular white matter lesions in 3 patients, and other combined periventricular subcortical white matter and deep gray matter lesions in 14 patients were seen. At least, 10 patients(43%) of full term group showed abnormal MRI findings reflecting intrauterine brain damage and all 5 patients of premature group showed isolate periventricular white matter lesions suggesting immaturity of brain. MRI is thought to be very useful in the assessment of brain damage for the patients with cerebral palsy by recognizing the location of the lesion and estimating the time of damage
Parental age, genetic mutation, and cerebral palsy.
Fletcher, N A; Foley, J
Parental age and birth order were studied in 251 patients with cerebral palsy. No parental age or birth order effects were observed in spastic quadriplegia or diplegia, but a paternal age effect was detected in those with athetoid/dystonic cerebral palsy and congenital hemiplegia. These observations indicate that some cases of athetoid/dystonic or hemiplegic cerebral palsy might arise by fresh dominant genetic mutation.
Cerebral palsy in very low birthweight infants.
Cooke, R W
Eighty one very low birthweight survivors with cerebral palsy were matched with controls by sex, gestational age, and place of birth. Using discriminant analysis, the perinatal profiles for infants with cerebral palsy and their controls were shown to differ significantly. When infants with various types of cerebral palsy were analysed with their controls the discriminating variables differed. Diplegic infants could be differentiated from controls on antenatal variables alone, but significant ...
Evaluation measures for children with cerebral palsy
Sršen, Katja Groleger
Abstract. Cerebral palsy is a well-recognized neurodevelopmental condition. The most recentdefinition describes cerebral palsy as a group of disorders of movement andposture, causing activity limitation. An important step in the process of(re)habilitation is evaluation of functional abilities of an individual. To beas accurate as possible in the evaluation of functioning, proper measurementinstruments have to be used. There are many different measurement tools forchildren with cerebral palsy,...
Dental characteristics of children with cerebral palsy
Stevanović Radoje; Jovičić Olivera
Cerebral palsy is one of the commonest children's physical handicaps with frequency of 1.5-3/1000. Beside many other disturbances, these children may have serious disorders caused by dental diseases. Concerning this fact, the objective of our study was to examine children with cerebral palsy in our country and determine condition of dental health and suggest adequate protective measures. A total of 116 children, 3-18 years old, with cerebral palsy were examined and the results were compared t...
Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy
J Akhundian
Epilepsy occurs in 15-60% of children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, its clinical course is not well defined. This retrospective study reviews the prevalence, nature and prognosis of epilepsy in cerebral palsy. 53 of 133 children with cerebral palsy seen in the neuropediatric clinic in Mashhad emam Reza hospital between 1999 and 2001 had epilepsy. A control group of 70 epileptic children with normal neurodevelopment status was seen during the same period. Epilepsy most commonly affected p...
Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy
Bruck Isac; Antoniuk Sérgio Antônio; Spessatto Adriane; Bem Ricardo Schmitt de; Hausberger Romeu; Pacheco Carlos Gustavo
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in patients with cerebral palsy in a tertiary center. METHODS: a total of 100 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy were retrospectively studied. Criteria for inclusion were follow-up period for at least 2 years. Types and incidence of epilepsy were correlated with the different forms of cerebral palsy. Other factors associated with epilepsy such as age of first seizure, neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy w...
Cerebral energy metabolism during induced mitochondrial dysfunction
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nielsen, T H; Bindslev, TT; Pedersen, S M;
In patients with traumatic brain injury as well as stroke, impaired cerebral oxidative energy metabolism may be an important factor contributing to the ultimate degree of tissue damage. We hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction can be diagnosed bedside by comparing the simultaneous changes in...... brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO(2)) and cerebral cytoplasmatic redox state. The study describes cerebral energy metabolism during mitochondrial dysfunction induced by sevoflurane in piglets....
Assessment of the hand in cerebral palsy
Praveen Bhardwaj; S Raja Sabapathy
Cerebral palsy is the musculoskeletal manifestation of a nonprogressive central nervous system lesion that usually occurs due to a perinatal insult to the brain. Though the cerebral insult is static the musculoskeletal pathology is progressive. Some patients with cerebral palsy whose hands are affected can be made better by surgery. The surgical procedures as such are not very technically demanding but the assessment, decision-making, and selecting the procedures for the given patient make th...
Cerebral Palsy. Fact Sheet = La Paralisis Cerebral. Hojas Informativas Sobre Discapacidades.
National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities, Washington, DC.
This fact sheet on cerebral palsy is written in both English and Spanish. First, it provides a definition of cerebral palsy and considers various causes (e.g., an insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the fetal or newborn brain). The fact sheet then offers incidence figures and explains characteristics of the three main types of cerebral palsy:…
A study on the pathogenesis of human cerebral malaria and cerebral babesiosis
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Masamichi Aikawa
Full Text Available Cerebral complications are important, but poorly understood pathological features of infections caused by some species of Plasmodium and Babesia. Patients dying from P. falciparum were classified as cerebral or non-cerebral cases according to the cerebral malaria coma scale. Light microscopy revealed that cerebral microvessels of cerebral malaria patients were field with a mixture of parazited and unparazited erythrocytes, with 94% of the vessels showing parasitized red blood cell (PRBC sequestration. Some degree of PRBC sequestration was also found in non-cerebral malaria patients, but the percentage of microvessls with sequestered PRBC was only 13% Electron microscopy demonstrated knobs on the membrane of PRBC that formed focal junctions with the capillary endothelium. A number of host cell molecules such as CD36, thrombospondim (TSP and intracellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-1 may function as endothelial cell surfacereports for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Affinity labeling of CD36 and TSP to the PRBC surface showed these molecules specifically bind to the knobs. Babesia bovis infected erythrocytes procedure projections of the erythrocyte membrane that are similar to knobs. When brain tissue from B. bovis-infected cattle was examined, cerebral capillaries were packed with PRBC. Infected erythrocytes formed focal attachments with cerebral endothelial cells at the site of these knob-like projections. These findings indicate that cerebral pathology caused by B. bovis is similar to human cerebral malaria. A search for cytoadherence proteins in the endothelial cells may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenisis of cerebral babesiosis.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cerebral infarction
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fifty-five patients with cerebral infarction were studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and correlative CT scans. MRI was more sensitive than CT for detecting cerebral infarction, and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) pulse sequence was most sensitive for detecting cerebral infarction except for some subcortical infarction. The size of infarcted areas on MRI was larger than that on CT in 29 of 51 infarcted areas, equal in 22. The pulse sequence using long repetition time (TR) and double echo delay time (TE), such as SE (2000/30, 90), improved the detectability of cerebral infarction. (author)
Acute cerebral vascular accident associated with hyperperfusion
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cerebral radionuclide angiography can demonstrate decreased or normal radioactivity in the affected region during the arterial phase in patients who have sustained a cerebral vascular accident and thus enhances the diagnostic specificity of the static brain image. In an occasional patient, however, a seemingly paradoxical pattern of regional hyperperfusion with a return to normal or subnormal perfusion following the acute phase has been observed. This phenomenon, called luxury perfusion, has been defined using intra-arterial 133Xe for semiquantitative cerebral blood flow measurements and should be kept in mind as a potentially misleading cerebral imaging pattern
Cerebritis: An unusual complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Majumdar Mainak
Full Text Available Cerebritis is part of a continuum of brain infection and is difficult to diagnose. Cerebritis caused by Klebsiella in immunocompetent adults without predisposing factors such as neurosurgery or penetrating brain injury has not been reported before. We report a case of Klebsiella cerebritis in an adult patient with a proven extracranial focus of infection. We suggest considering cerebritis as a differential diagnosis for altered level of consciousness in patients of severe sepsis, even if an extracranial source of infection is proven.
Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada
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Carlos Andrés Arcila Salazar
Full Text Available En Colombia, aspectos como la responsabilidad limitada; supresión de la llamada doctrina de ultra vires; duración ilimitada; eliminación de la regla, una acción, un voto; remedios al abuso de los derechos; posibilidad de eliminar prohibiciones a los administradores, libertad de establecer restricciones para la transferencia de acciones y la simplificación de los procedimientos de fusión; son inviables bajo nuestra legislación. Sin embargo, la Ley 1258 de 2008, ha incorporado al derecho societario colombiano un nuevo tipo societario híbrido, llamado "Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada". Esta forma societaria híbrida se basa en un principio básico: garantizar amplia libertad a los empresarios en la estructuración de sus relaciones a través de disposiciones contractuales. La S.A.S. provee a los empresarios significativa flexibilidad contractual, a la vez que preserva beneficios como la limitación de la responsabilidad.
Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada
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Carlos Andrés Arcila Salazar
Full Text Available En Colombia, aspectos como la responsabilidad limitada; supresión de la llamada doctrina de ultra vires; duración ilimitada; eliminación de la regla, una acción, un voto; remedios al abuso de los derechos; posibilidad de eliminar prohibiciones a los administradores, libertad de establecer restricciones para la transferencia de acciones y la simplificación de los procedimientos de fusión; son inviables bajo nuestra legislación. Sin embargo, la Ley 1258 de 2008, ha incorporado al derecho societario colombiano un nuevo tipo societario híbrido, llamado "Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada". Esta forma societaria híbrida se basa en un principio básico: garantizar amplia libertad a los empresarios en la estructuración de sus relaciones a través de disposiciones contractuales. La S.A.S. provee a los empresarios significativa flexibilidad contractual, a la vez que preserva beneficios como la limitación de la responsabilidad.
Sistemas suplementares e alternativos de comunicação nas habilidades expressivas de um aluno com paralisia cerebral Augmentative and alternative systems in the expressive abilities of a cerebral palsy student
Débora Deliberato
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever o uso do sistema de comunicação suplementar e alternativo de um aluno com paralisia cerebral submetido à intervenção. Participou desta investigação um aluno com paralisia cerebral de 10 anos de idade, gênero masculino, que frequentava classe especial para deficientes físicos em uma escola estadual de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. As atividades programadas foram realizadas duas vezes por semana, durante dois anos, em um Laboratório de Educação Esp...
Alterações sialoquímicas e sialométricas de pacientes com paralisia cerebral: uma revisão de literatura Sialochemical and sialometric alterations in patients with cerebral palsy: a literature review
Miriam Yumi Matsui; Maria Julia Pereira Coelho Ferraz; Mônica Fernandes Gomes; Cybelle Mori Hiraoka
TEMA: paralisia cerebral e alterações salivares. O paciente com paralisia cerebral é acometido por diversas desordens no Sistema Estomatognático, sendo muitas delas expressas sob a forma de alterações no fluxo e composição salivar. A variação da concentração de constituintes da saliva está diretamente relacionada com sua capacidade tampão, antioxidante, imunológica, digestiva e lubrificante, além de sofrer variações em função da velocidade do fluxo salivar, o qual está intimamente relacionado...
Inclusão de alunos com paralisia cerebral no ensino fundamental: contribuições da fisioterapia Inclusion of students with cerebral palsy in elementary education: contributions of physiotherapy
Simone Massaneiro Silva; Rosângela Ribeiro de Castro Neri Santos; Cristiane Gonçalves Ribas
Este estudo teve como objetivo apontar como o fisioterapeuta pode atuar no processo de inclusão de alunos com paralisia cerebral (PC) no sistema regular de ensino. A presente pesquisa foi realizada em três escolas públicas municipais de ensino fundamental, pertencentes a uma Regional de Ensino da cidade de Curitiba. Cada escola foi visitada cinco vezes entre março e abril de 2009, para coleta de dados. A amostra foi composta por três alunos com diagnóstico de Paralisia Cerebral, cognitivo pre...
Desarrollo de una herramienta de cuantificación de estudios de perfusión por resonancia magnética
Mateos Pérez, José María
El objetivo de este proyecto es el desarrollo de un programa de cuantificación de estudios de perfusión por resonancia magnética que estudie la dinámica del sistema circulatorio por medio de diversos mapas paramétricos de: Volumen Sanguíneo Cerebral (CBV), Tiempo Medio de Tránsito (MTT), Flujo Sanguíneo Cerebral (CBF). Estos mapas paramétricos se calculan a partir de la evolución temporal de la concentración de gadolinio en sangre y tejidos, obtenida mediante un estudio dinámico de resonan...
Babesiose cerebral em bovinos: 20 casos
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Rodrigues Aline
Full Text Available Num estudo retrospectivo de 1.071 necropsias de bovinos, foram encontrados 20 casos de babesiose cerebral confirmados pelo exame de esfregaços do córtex telencefálico. A maioria desses casos ocorreu no verão, em bovinos adultos de raças européias ou suas cruzas. Além dos sinais clínicos neurológicos, observou-se hemoglobinúria, anorexia, febre, taquicardia, taquipnéia e queda na produção de leite. O hemograma realizado em cinco bovinos afetados revelou acentuada anemia regenerativa; em média, 20% dos eritrócitos estavam parasitados por Babesia bovis. Na necropsia de todos os casos, a substância cinzenta dos córtices telencefálico e cerebelar e dos núcleos da base era consistente e caracteristicamente róseo-cereja. Essa coloração devia-se ao seqüestro de eritrócitos nos capilares encefálicos. Nesses eritrócitos, podiam-se observar, tanto em esfregaços do córtex como em preparações histológicas do encéfalo, microorganismos com morfologia compatível com B. bovis. Outros achados de necropsia incluíam hemoglobinúria, rins vermelho-escuros, hepatoesplenomegalia, fígado vermelho-alaranjado, icterícia, hemorragias epicárdicas e endocárdicas e edema e congestão dos linfonodos mesentéricos.
Un estudio aleatorizado controlado de sulfato de magnesio para la prevención de parálisis cerebral
Claudio Vera P-G; Jorge Carvajal C
Antecedentes: Investigaciones sugieren que la exposición fetal a sulfato de magnesio antes de un parto prematuro podría reducir el riesgo de parálisis cerebral. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de sulfato de magnesio en la prevención de parálisis cerebral en parto prematuro. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, controlado por placebo, doble ciego que asignó en forma aleatorizada mujeres con inminente riesgo de parto prematuro entre las 24 y 31 semanas de gestación a recibir sulfato de magnesio, administra...
Valoración de la sobrecarga del cuidador del niño con parálisis cerebral
Ajo San José, Andrea
La parálisis cerebral infantil se caracteriza por un conjunto de trastornos del desarrollo del movimiento y la postura, debido a una lesión cerebral que se desarrolla en estadíos tempranos de la maduración. La atención del niño con éste trastorno implica una cantidad de cuidados y de tiempo del que a veces las familias no disponen, y generalmente estas atenciones las asume una sola persona; el cuidador principal, que en la mayoría de los casos es la madre. El objeto fundamental del presente t...
Ipsilateral Cerebral and Contralateral Cerebellar Hyperperfusion in Patients with Unilateral Cerebral Infarction; SPM Analysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cortical reorganization has an important role in the recovery of stroke. We analyzed the compensatory cerebral and cerebellar perfusion change in patients with unilateral cerebral infarction using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Fifty seven 99mTc-Ethylene Cystein Diethylester (ECD) cerebral perfusion SPECT images of 57 patients (male/female=38/19, mean age=56±17 years) with unilateral cerebral infarction were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into subgroups according to the location (left, right) and the onset (acute, chronic) of infarction. Each subgroup was compared with normal controls (male/female=11/1, mean age =36±10 years) in a voxel-by-voxel manner (two sample t-test, p99mTc-ECD SPECT, we observed ipsilateral cerebral and contralateral cerebeller hyperperfusion in patients with cerebral infarction. However, whether these findings are related to the recovery of cerebral functions should be further evaluated
Clinicopathological features of cerebral lipoastrocytoma
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Shuang WEN
Full Text Available Objective To explore the clinicopathological features, immune phenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cerebral lipoastrocytoma. Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestations, histopathological and immunohistochemical features were conducted in one case of cerebral lipoastrocytoma. Results A 48-year-old male presented with numbness and inflexibility of the fourth and little fingers of his left hand over the previous 2 weeks. Cranial MRI revealed a space-occupying lesion with cystic degeneration in the right parietal lobe that showed obvious enhancement after contrast administration. The patient subsequently underwent craniotomy with stereotactic gross total excision of the lesion. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were not administered. Histologically the tumor showed classical features of low-grade astrocytoma, including a few scattered medium-large neuron-like cells with prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm. Most notably, the glial cells contained fat droplets or vacuoles giving an appearance of mature adipocytes. Focally microcystic change was evident resulting from adipocyte-like cells fusion with each other. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were reactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP and S-100 protein (S-100, focally positive for WT-1, weakly positive for oligodendrocytes transcription factor-2 (Olig-2, and negative for isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1. Meanwhile, the tumor cells also expressed several neuronal markers including synaptophysin (Syn, microtube-associated protein-2 (MAP-2, neurofilament (NF, neuron specific enolase (NSE and CD34. P53 protein was weakly expressed in 5% of tumor cells. Ki-67 labeling index was low (1% . The patient remained well without recurrence 20 months after surgery. Conclusions Cerebral lipoastrocytoma is an extremely rare tumor. Histologically, the tumor showed classical features of low-grade astrocytoma and extensive
MRI of sickle cell cerebral infarction
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Eleven patients with sickle cell disease and neurological symptoms underwent MRI examination. Cerebral infarcts of two types were found, those in the vascular distribution of the middle cerebral artery and those in the deep white matter. In the patient whose hydration and whose oxygenation of erythrocytes has been treated, MRI offers diagnostic advantages over arteriography and CT. (orig.)
Mobility Experiences of Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy
Palisano, Robert J.; Shimmell, Lorie J.; Stewart, Debra; Lawless, John J.; Rosenbaum, Peter L.; Russell, Dianne J.
The purpose of this study was to describe how youth with cerebral palsy experience mobility in their daily lives using a phenomenological approach. The participants were 10 youth with cerebral palsy, 17 to 20 years of age, selected using purposeful sampling with maximum variation strategies. A total of 14 interviews were completed. Transcripts…
Ataxic cerebral palsy and genetic predisposition.
Miller, G.
It was calculated that in the 962 family members of 36 patients with ataxic cerebral palsy there were 75 (8%) with a history of neurodevelopmental disorder and 31 (3%) with a major congenital malformation. This was not significantly greater than expected, and does not support the hypothesis of a genetic non-Mendelian role in the aetiology of ataxic cerebral palsy.
Fatal cerebral oedema in adult diabetic ketoacidosis.
Haringhuizen, A.; Tjan, D.H.; Grool, A.; Vugt, R. van; Zante, A.R. van
In this report, a case of adult onset fatal cerebral oedema as a rare complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is described and confirmed at post-mortem pathological examination. The pathogenesis of cerebral oedema due to DKA is still unknown. Potential mechanisms include the administration of so
Middle cerebral artery blood velocity during running
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lyngeraa, Tobias; Pedersen, Lars Møller; Mantoni, T;
Running induces characteristic fluctuations in blood pressure (BP) of unknown consequence for organ blood flow. We hypothesized that running-induced BP oscillations are transferred to the cerebral vasculature. In 15 healthy volunteers, transcranial Doppler-determined middle cerebral artery (MCA...
Assistive technology for people with cerebral palsy
Zupan, Anton; Jenko, Mojca
Abstract. Assistive technology includes equipment, devicesand software solutions that increase functional capabilities of people withdisabilities and improve the quality of their lives. The article presentsassistive technology for people with cerebral palsy. These are mobility aidsthat enable people with cerebral palsy independent walking. For those whocannot walk, proper seating is very important. People, who cannot propel manualwheelchair, can control electric wheelchair with various contro...
Mechanical Impedance of Cerebral Material
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Hédi Ben Ghozlen
Full Text Available The tentative variation of the mechanical impedance, of a cylindrical sample of cerebral material, has been achieved by Vibrometer Laser according to the frequency. The studied matter is supposed homogeneous, isotropic and stationary. A multilayered mechanical model has been associated to the studied sample to simulate its vibration. The theoretical expression of mechanical impedance has been determined while taking the mechanical/electric analogy as a basis. A good adjustment of theoretical model parameters permitted us to have a good agreement theory/experience of the mechanical impedance variation according to the sample vibration frequency.
Cerebral blood-flow tomography
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lassen, N A; Henriksen, L; Holm, S;
Tomographic maps of local cerebral blood flow (CBF) were obtained with xenon-133 and with isopropyl-amphetamine-iodine-123 (IMP) in 11 subjects: one normal, two tumor cases, and eight cerebrovascular cases. A highly sensitive four-face, rapidly rotating, single-photon emission tomograph was used...... sampling, and with low radiation exposure to patient and personnel. On the other hand, IMP gives an image of slightly higher resolution. It also introduces a new class of iodinated brain-seeking compounds allowing, perhaps, imaging of other functions more important than mere blood flow....
ECG changes during cerebral angiography
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Hayakawa, K.; Nishimura, Y.; Yoshida, M.; Itoh, K.; Hayashi, N.; Aoki, J.; Nakamura, K.; Imai, M.; Ono, T.; Morikawa, S.
We have analyzed HR changes greater than 20% among 334 patients and 942 cerebral angiographies. A tachycardial effect was seen in 14.9% of patients, while a bradycardial effect was seen in 7.1% including two patients having cardiac standstill (0.5%). These two patients were examined without atropine premedication after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients under 19 years of age, unpremedicated with atropine sulfate and suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation showed a significantly high incidence of bradycardia. On the other hand, patients with the neoplastic disease and having an initial sinus bradycardia showed a significantly high incidence of a tachycardial effect.
Significance of background activity and positive sharp waves in neonatal electroencephalogram as prognostic of cerebral palsy Valor do ritmo de base e da onda aguda positiva no eletrencefalograma neonatal como prognóstico da paralisia cerebral
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Márcia de Oliveira Nicolini Nosralla
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of electroencephalographic background activity and positive sharp waves in neonatal electroencephalogram as prognostic of cerebral palsy. METHOD: We studied prospectively and sequentially 73 newborns who had severe neonatal complications (neonatal anoxia, seizures, respiratory distress, sepsis, and meningitis. Nineteen newborns were excluded and 54 children formed the object of our study and were followed for 2 years. We analyzed gestational age, conceptional age, electroencephalographic background activity and positive sharp waves, which were correlated with cerebral palsy. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant correlation between gestational age and conceptional age and cerebral palsy; the electroencephalographic background activity was correlated with cerebral palsy as well as the positive sharp waves. CONCLUSION: Children with electroencephalographic background activity markedly abnormal and accompanied by positive sharp waves were associated with a worse prognosis.OBJETIVO: Estudar o valor do ritmo de base e das ondas agudas positivas no eletrencefalograma neonatal como prognóstico da paralisia cerebral. MÉTODO: Nós estudamos, prospectiva e sequencialmente, 73 recém-nascidos que apresentaram complicações neonatais graves (anoxia neonatal, crises convulsivas, desconforto respiratório, septicemia e meningite. Dezenove recém-nascidos foram excluídos e 54 crianças formaram o objeto do nosso estudo e foram seguidas por 2 anos. Nós analisamos a idade gestacional, a idade corrigida, o ritmo de base e as ondas agudas positivas, que foram correlacionadas com a paralisia cerebral. RESULTADOS: Não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre as idades gestacional e corrigida com a paralisia cerebral; o ritmo de base foi correlacionado com a paralisia cerebral, tanto quanto as ondas agudas positivas. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças com o eletrencefalograma com o ritmo de base marcadamente
Estimulación magnética cerebral
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Luis Carlos Núñez López
Full Text Available La Estimulación Magnética Tras-craneal (EMT es un método no invasivo, indoloro y seguro que permite la MODULACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD CEREBRAL. Está técnica se ha venido implementando desde hace dos décadas, tanto en laboratorios de neurofisiología clínica como en laboratorios de investigación en neurociencia básica. La EMT técnica se caracteriza por tener muy buena resolución espacio temporal, para evaluar funcionalidad de diferentes áreas cerebrales, a un costo permisivo y con el importante valor agregado de tener un gran potencial terapéutico.
Forma tumoral da cisticercose cerebral: diagnostico pela tomografia computadorizada
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Milton K. Shibata
Full Text Available A TC permitiu identificar a forma tumoral da cisticercose cerebral em 6 pacientes, durante investigação para esclarecimento de síndromes convulsivas. As alterações angiográficas eram mínimas. As imagens tomográficas, por sua vez, não forneceram dados que permitissem o diagnóstico diferencial com neoplasias cerebrais. O exame do LCR também não contribuiu para estabelecer o diagnóstico etiológico, que só foi firmado após a extirpação da lesão.
CT findings in patients with cerebral palsy
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Konno, K. (Akita Univ. (Japan))
Clinical findings and CT findings in 73 cases of cerebral palsy were studied. The causes of cerebral palsy were presumed to be as follows: abnormal cerebral development (36%), asphyxial delivery (34%), and immature delivery (19%), etc. CT findings were abnormal in 58% of the 73 cases, 83% of the spastic tetraplegia patients and all of the spastic hemiplegia patients showed abnormal CT findings. All the patients with spastic monoplegia presented normal CT findings. In 75% of the spastic hemiplegia cases, the CT abnormalities were due to cerebral parenchymal abnormality such as porencephaly and regional low absorption. In cases of spastic tetraplegia, cerebral parenchymal abnormality was found only in 10%. Cortical atrophy was found only in 15 of the 73 cases, whereas central atrophy was found in 36 cases.
CT findings in patients with cerebral palsy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Clinical findings and CT findings in 73 cases of cerebral palsy were studied. The causes of cerebral palsy were presumed to be as follows: abnormal cerebral development (36%), asphyxial delivery (34%), and immature delivery (19%), etc. CT findings were abnormal in 58% of the 73 cases, 83% of the spastic tetraplegia patients and all of the spastic hemiplegia patients showed abnormal CT findings. All the patients with spastic monoplegia presented normal CT findings. In 75% of the spastic hemiplegia cases, the CT abnormalities were due to cerebral parenchymal abnormality such as porencephaly and regional low absorption. In cases of spastic tetraplegia, cerebral parenchymal abnormality was found only in 10%. Cortical atrophy was found only in 15 of the 73 cases, whereas central atrophy was found in 36 cases. (Ueda, J.)
Trombose venosa cerebral e homocistinúria: relato de caso Cerebral venous thrombosis and homocystinuria: case report
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Gisele Sampaio Silva
Full Text Available Homocistinúria apresentando-se como trombose venosa cerebral é incomum. Relatamos o caso de um adolescente com características fenotípicas de homocistinúria que foi admitido por cefaléia intensa, vômitos e sonolência. Investigação diagnóstica com tomografia computadorizada de crânio, ressonância magnética e angiorressonância foi compatível com trombose dos seios transversos e sigmóides. Altos níveis de homocisteína foram detectados no sangue e na urina. Apresentamos os aspectos clínicos e radiológicos deste caso discutindo a controversa fisiopatologia da tendência trombofílica associada a homocistinúria.Homocystinuria presenting as cerebral venous thrombosis is not usual. We report on a 13-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital due to severe headache, nausea, vomiting and fever (38ºC. The patient was Marfan like and presented left hemiparesis and meningeal irritation sings. He was mentally retarded, had severe myopia, and had right lens dislocation one month before. Cranial CT scan was suggestive of cerebral venous infarct. MRI and magnetic resonance angiography showed venous infarcts more prominent in the right thalamic projection with hemorrhagic transformation and multiple foci of cortical (occipital and parietal bilaterally deep parietal and left capsular bleeding, secondary of thrombosis of the transverse and sigmoid venous sinuses. High levels of homocysteine were detected in the blood and urine. Homocystinuria is an autossomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism caused by cystathione-ß-synthase defect in most cases. We discuss the clinical and radiological findings in this patient, analyzing the pathophysiology of the thrombotic events related to homocystinuria.
Abscesses, infections and inflammations; Abscesos, infecciones e inflamaciones
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Gomez A, E.V. [Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Dep. de Medicina Nuclear, 14000 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)
The importance of the differentiation among infectious and inflammatory focus, comes occupying, for several decades, a wide field of continuous study on the part of the different medical specialties. Clinical studies, microbiological, radiological and gamma graphic is in continuous change and investigation with the purpose of improving the study of this pathology. The cellular labelled with In-111 or Tc-99m is a fundamental importance technique in the localization of infectious illness in different tissues, given its high specificity and the pathophysiologic principle for which it is applied. (Author)
Hallazgos en la coherencia cerebral en caninos con comportamiento agresivo Cerebral coherence finding asocied to agressive behaviour in dogs
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J.E. Rivero
Full Text Available La finalidad de este trabajo es realizar un estudio comparativo del electroencefalograma (EEG, entre animales sanos y agresivos, utilizando la coherencia cerebral interhemisférica para el análisis cuantitativo. Se trabajó con 24 animales sin trastornos de comportamiento y 24 animales agresivos sin alteraciones orgánicas evidentes. Todos resultaron normales al examen físico, neurológico y ninguno tenía antecedentes de enfermedad neurológica. Al igual que lo que sucede en los animales sin trastornos del comportamiento, los animales agresivos presentaron los valores de frecuencia del pico de potencia cruzado (PPC similares en los canales dorsales y temporales. Por el contrario se hallaron valores de coherencia disminuidos y de espectro de fase aumentados entre los canales temporales de los animales agresivos respecto de los animales sin alteraciones del comportamiento. El estudio de coherencia cerebral se presenta como una herramienta sencilla y no invasiva, capaz de evidenciar alteraciones objetivas y cuantificables en el trazado de base del EEG.We used the interhemispheric coherence to investigate the difference between normal and aggressive dogs in base to quantify the base line of electroencephalogram. Dorsal and temporal group was defined by significant statistic difference in the frequency spectrum. Temporal channels showed low interhemispheric coherence and phase delay in aggressive dogs. Coherence is an easy and noninvasive technique capacious to proved and quantified alteration in electroencephalogram base line.
Cerebral cortex modulation of pain
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Yu-feng XIE; Fu-quan HUO; Jing-shi TANG
Pain is a complex experience encompassing sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational and cognitiv e-emotional com-ponents mediated by different mechanisms. Contrary to the traditional view that the cerebral cortex is not involved in pain perception, an extensive cortical network associated with pain processing has been revealed using multiple methods over the past decades. This network consistently includes, at least, the anterior cingulate cortex, the agranular insular cortex, the primary (SⅠ) and secondary somatosensory (SⅡ) cortices, the ventrolateral orbital cortex and the motor cortex. These corti-cal structures constitute the medial and lateral pain systems, the nucleus submedius-ventrolateral orbital cortex-periaque-ductal gray system and motor cortex system, respectively. Multiple neurotransmitters, including opioid, glutamate, GABA and dopamine, are involved in the modulation of pain by these cortical structures. In addition, glial cells may also be in-volved in cortical modulation of pain and serve as one target for pain management research. This review discusses recent studies of pain modulation by these cerebral cortical structures in animals and human.
[Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage].
Milojević, T M; Baljozović, B V; Rakić, M Lj; Nestorović, B D; Dostanić, M M; Milaković, B D; Kojić, Z Z; Repac, N R; Cvrkota, I S
Cerebral vasospasm causes permanent neurolological deficit or death occurance in 13% of clinical cases. Peak frequency is from 8-10th day after SAH. The purpose of this study is factor analysis that may have influence on vasospasm development , as well as predictor determination. The study is prospective and analysis 192 patients treated in Institute of Neurosurgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade. The majority of patients were admitted in hospital in first four days after SAH, and 184 had GCS over 7. Univariate methods of factor analysis were used, and for significance of predictors influence testing multivariante regression analysis was used. Vasospasm occurred in 22,40% of all cases. No relationships have been found between sex, age, previous hypertension, timing of surgery, appearance of hydrocephalus and intracerebral hematoma, hypertermia or mean arterial blood pressure, with occurrence of cerebral vasospasm. Factors with significantly associated with the occurance of vasospasm were: hearth disease, hypernatriemia, Hct, clinical grade on admission as well as preoperative clinical grade and Fisher CT scan grade. In the first four days after SAH, Fisher scan grade, preoperative clinical grade and Hct, appeared as predictors. After four days, clinical grade on admission and hypernatiemia, showed as poredictors. PMID:18792575
Cerebral lateralization in simultaneous interpretation.
Fabbro, F; Gran, L; Basso, G; Bava, A
Cerebral asymmetries for L1 (Italian), L2 (English), and L3 (French, German, Spanish, or Russian) were studied, by using a verbal-manual interference paradigm, in a group of Italian right-handed polyglot female students at the Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori (SSLM-School for Interpreters and Translators) of the University of Trieste and in a control group of right-handed monolingual female students at the Medical School of the University of Trieste. In an automatic speech production task no significant cerebral lateralization was found for the mother tongue (L1) either in the interpreting students or in the control group; the interpreting students were not significantly lateralized for the third language (L3), while weak left hemispheric lateralization was shown for L2. A significantly higher degree of verbal-manual interference was found for L1 than for L2 and L3. A significantly higher disruption rate occurred in the meaning-based mode of simultaneous interpretation (from L2 into L1 and vice versa) than in the word-for-word mode (from L2 into L1 and vice versa). No significant overall or hemispheric differences were found during simultaneous interpretation from L1 into L2 or from L2 into L1. PMID:2207622
MRI of acute cerebral infarction
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Sequential changes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in sixteen patients with acute cerebral infarction are studied in comparison with the findings of computed tomography (CT). The sixteen patients were examined within 36 hours from the onset of syptoms on resistive type MRI (0.15T) using T1 weighted image (IR2000/500) and T2 weighted image (SE2000/80), and on CT. In general, large infarcted lesions of the cortexsubcortex seemed to be visualized earlier than small lesions of the basal ganglia and brainstem. In 8 patients, the infarcted lesions were detected on MRI earlier than on CT. For example, early detecting time within 12 hours were 2, 6, 7, and 10 hours after onset. In two patients of this group, lesions were detected on T2 weighted image earlier than on T1-weighted image. In two cases, small lesions of the brainstem were detected only on MRI. The size of abnormal findings gradually developed and reached a maximum on days 5 to 7 sequentially. The difference between infarction and perifocal edema was not clear even on MRI. The changes gradually subsided and assumed a stable size after about 2 months. Contrast enhancement effect was observed in four patients. In two of these cases, the signal intensity of T2-weighted imaging was decreased just at the region which was enhanced with contrast medium. MRI is useful for early diagnosis of ischemic cerebral infarction, and may eludidate some aspects of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. (author)
Caring for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Team Approach.
Dormans, John P., Ed.; Pellegrino, Louis, Ed.
Twenty-one papers on caring for children with cerebral palsy are organized into four sections, including: (1) cerebral palsy and the interdisciplinary team approach; (2) management of impairments related to cerebral palsy; (3) preventing disability by optimizing function of the child with cerebral palsy; and (4) preventing handicap by creating…
Cerebral Hypoperfusion Precedes Nausea During Centrifugation
Serrador, Jorge M.; Schlegel, Todd T.; Black, F. Owen; Wood, Scott J.
Nausea and motion sickness are important operational concerns for aviators and astronauts. Understanding underlying mechanisms associated with motion sickness may lead to new treatments. The goal of this work was to determine if cerebral blood flow changes precede the development of nausea in motion sick susceptible subjects. Cerebral flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (transcranial Doppler), blood pressure (Finapres) and end-tidal CO2 were measured while subjects were rotated on a centrifuge (250 degrees/sec). Following 5 min of rotation, subjects were translated 0.504 m off-center, creating a +lGx centripetal acceleration in the nasal-occipital plane. Ten subjects completed the protocol without symptoms while 5 developed nausea (4 while 6ff-center and 1 while rotating on-center). Prior to nausea, subjects had significant increases in blood pressure (+13plus or minus 3 mmHg, P less than 0.05) and cerebrovascular resistance (+46 plus or minus 17%, P less than 0.05) and decreases in cerebral flow velocity both in the second (-13 plus or minus 4%) and last minute (-22 plus or minus 5%) before symptoms (P less than 0.05). In comparison, controls demonstrated no change in blood pressure or cerebrovascular resistance in the last minute of off-center rotation and only a 7 plus or minus 2% decrease in cerebral flow velocity. All subjects had significant hypocapnia (-3.8 plus or minus 0.4 mmHg, P less than 0.05), however this hypocapnia could not fully explain the cerebral hypoperfusion associated with the development of nausea. These data indicate that reductions in cerebral blood flow precede the development of nausea. Further work is necessary to determine what role cerebral hypoperfusion plays in motion sickness and whether cerebral hypoperfusion can be used to predict the development of nausea in susceptible individuals.
Validation of a cerebral palsy register
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Topp, Monica Wedell; Langhoff-Roos, J; Uldall, P
OBJECTIVES: To analyse completeness and validity of data in the Cerebral Palsy Register in Denmark, 1979-1982. METHODS: Completeness has been assessed by comparing data from The Danish National Patient Register (DNPR) with the cases included in the Cerebral Palsy Register (CPR). Agreement between...... gestational age was subject to a systematic error, and urinary infections in pregnancy (kappa = 0.43) and placental abruption (kappa = 0.52) were seriously under-reported in the CPR. CONCLUSIONS: Completeness of the Cerebral Palsy Register in Denmark, 1979-1982, has been assessed to maximal 85%, emphasizing...
S. Pour Ahmadi; M. Jafarzadeh; Abbas, M; J Akhondian
ObjectiveEpilepsy occurs in 12 % to 90 % of children with cerebral palsy (CP). However its clinical course is not well defined. This investigation was undertaken to study and determine the characteristics and prevalence of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy.Materials & MethodsOf 133 children with cerebral palsy, seen between 1998 and 2001, in the pediatric neurology clinic of the Imam Reza hospital, fifty-three had epilepsy.During the same period, a group of 70 epileptic children with n...
Human cerebral circulation. Positron emission tomography studies
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We reviewed the literature on human cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism, as measured by positron emission tomography (PET), with respect to normal values and of regulation of cerebral circulation. A multicenter study in Japan showed that between-center variations in cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) values were not considerably larger than the corresponding within-center variations. Overall mean±SD values in cerebral cortical regions of normal human subjects were as follows: CBF=44.4±6.5 ml/100 ml/min; CBV=3.8±0.7 ml/100 ml; OEF=0.44±0.06; CMRO2=3.3±0.5 ml/100 ml/min (11 PET centers, 70 subjects). Intrinsic regulation of cerebral circulation involves several factors. Autoregulation maintains CBF in response to changes in cerebral perfusion pressure; chemical factors such as PaCO2 affect cerebral vascular tone and alter CBF; changes in neural activity cause changes in cerebral energy metabolism and CBF; neurogenic control of CBF occurs by sympathetic innervation. Regional differences in vascular response to changes in PaCO2 have been reported, indicating regional differences in cerebral vascular tone. Relations between CBF and CBV during changes in PaCO2 and during changes in neural activity were in good agreement with Poiseuille's law. The mechanisms of vascular response to neural activation and deactivation were independent on those of responses to PaCO2 changes. CBV in a brain region is the sum of three components: arterial, capillary and venous blood volumes. It has been reported that the arterial blood volume fraction is approximately 30% in humans and that changes in human CBV during changes in PaCO2 are caused by changes in arterial blood volume without changes in venous blood volume. These findings should be considered in future studies of the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases. (author) 136 refs
The serpentine mitral valve and cerebral embolism
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Ker James
Full Text Available Abstract Valvular strands, well-delineated filiform masses, attached to cardiac valve edges are associated with cerebral embolism and stroke. Strokes, caused by emboli from valvular strands, tend to occur among younger persons. In this case report a valvular strand, giving a peculiar serpentine appearance to the mitral valve is described. This mitral valvular strand was the only explanation for an episode of cerebral embolism, presenting with a transient right sided hemiparesis. It is proposed that a randomized study involving combined treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel is warranted in young patients with valvular strands, presenting with a first episode of cerebral embolism.
Trends in birth prevalence of cerebral palsy.
Pharoah, P O; Cooke, T.; Rosenbloom, I; Cooke, R W
A register of children with cerebral palsy born in the period 1966-77 to mothers resident in the Mersey region was compiled from several different data sources. There were 685 cases, with a male:female ratio of 1.4:1. The birth prevalence of cerebral palsy ranged from 1.18 to 1.97 per 1000 live births each year, with a mean of 1.51 per 1000 live births. There was no discernible trend in overall prevalence, but there was a highly significant upward trend in the prevalence of cerebral palsy amo...
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation after Cardiopulmonary Bypass
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Christiansen, Claus Behrend; Berg, Ronan M G; Plovsing, Ronni;
Background Cerebral hemodynamic disturbances in the peri- or postoperative period may contribute to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We therefore examined dynamic cerebral autoregulation (d......CA) post-CPB and changes in neurocognitive function in patients that had undergone CABG. Materials and Methods We assessed dCA by transfer function analysis of spontaneous oscillations between arterial blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound...
Intraaortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation and Cerebral Autoregulation: an observational study
Boots Rob; Barnett Adrian G; Timms Daniel; Dunster Kimble; Geng Shureng; Bellapart Judith; Fraser John F
Abstract Background The use of Intra-aortic counterpulsation is a well established supportive therapy for patients in cardiac failure or after cardiac surgery. Blood pressure variations induced by counterpulsation are transmitted to the cerebral arteries, challenging cerebral autoregulatory mechanisms in order to maintain a stable cerebral blood flow. This study aims to assess the effects on cerebral autoregulation and variability of cerebral blood flow due to intra-aortic balloon pump and in...
Cerebral Metabolic Alterations in Rats With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Glaser, Nicole; Yuen, Natalie; Anderson, Steven E; Tancredi, Daniel J.; O'Donnell, Martha E.
OBJECTIVE Cerebral edema is a life-threatening complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children. Recent data suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion and activation of cerebral ion transporters may be involved, but data describing cerebral metabolic alterations during DKA are lacking. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated 50 juvenile rats with DKA and 21 normal control rats using proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS measured cerebral intracellular pH and ratio...
Role of Aquaporin-4 in Cerebral Edema and Stroke
Zador, Zsolt; Stiver, Shirley; Wang, Vincent; Manley, Geoffrey T.
Cerebral edema plays a central role in the pathophysiology of many diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) including ischemia, trauma, tumors, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. The formation of cerebral edema results in an increase in tissue water content and brain swelling which, if unchecked, can lead to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), reduced cerebral blood flow, and ultimately cerebral herniation and death. Despite the clinical significance of cerebral edema, the mechan...
Clinical significance of determination of plasma NPY levels and serum lipid profile in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction
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Objective: To study the clinical significance of changes of plasma NPY levels and serum lipid profile in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. Methods: Plasma NPY levels (with RIA) and serum lipid profile (with biochemistry) were determined in (1) 48 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage (2) 46 patients with acute cerebral infarction and (3) controls.Results Plasma NPY levels in both patients with cerebral hemorrhage and patients with cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those in controls (P0.05). Conclusion: NPY played important roles in the development and pathogenesis of cerebral vascular accidents. Lipid profile changes was the basic etiological factor. (authors)
Cerebral hemodynamics in aging : the interplay between blood pressure, cerebral perfusion, and dementia
Claassen, J.A.H.R.
Advances in measurement techniques have made it possible to study dynamic changes in brain blood flow. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography measures changes in cerebral blood flow-velocity in the larger cerebral arteries (e.g. the middle cerebral artery). Near infrared spectroscopy records changes in brain cortical tissue concentrations of hemoglobin. These techniques are non-invasive, and can be performed with the subject in supine, sitting or standing position. Together with photoplethysmog...
Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy Epilepsia em crianças com paralisia cerebral
Isac Bruck; Sérgio Antônio Antoniuk; Adriane Spessatto; Ricardo Schmitt de Bem; Romeu Hausberger; Carlos Gustavo Pacheco
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in patients with cerebral palsy in a tertiary center. METHODS: a total of 100 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy were retrospectively studied. Criteria for inclusion were follow-up period for at least 2 years. Types and incidence of epilepsy were correlated with the different forms of cerebral palsy. Other factors associated with epilepsy such as age of first seizure, neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy w...
Malignant cerebral swelling following cranioplasty.
Honeybul, S; Damodaran, O; Lind, C R P; Lee, G
Over the past few years there have been a number of case reports and small cohort studies that have described so called "malignant" cerebral swelling following an uneventful cranioplasty procedure. The pathophysiology remains to be established however it has been suggested that it may be related to a combination of failure of autoregulation and the use of closed vacuum suction drainage. The current study presents three further patients who had had a decompressive hemicraniectomy for ischaemic stroke. If decompressive craniectomy is utilised in the management of neurological emergencies, close attention and wider reporting of this type of complication is required not only to focus attention on possible management strategies, but also to determine which patients are at most risk of this devastating complication. PMID:27189792
Endovascular therapy of cerebral AVMs
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This paper evaluates the results of completed endovascular treatment on all patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Between 1985 and 1989, 125 patients with AVMs completed endovascular treatment. Treatment decisions were made by means of multidisciplinary consultation (neuroradiology, neurosurgery, neurology, and radiation therapy) depending on the presentation, location, size, and angioarchitecture of the lesion (hemorrhage in 87 patients, seizures in seven, headaches in nine, and progressive neurologic deficit in 22). Superselective catheterization of feeding pedicles to the AVM nidus was performed with either microcatheters delivered by a propulsion chamber or variable-stiffness catheters. Tiny quantities (0.08--0.15 mL) or varying dilutions of NBCA Pantopaque were injected by means of a sandwich technique, drop by drop
Computed tomography of cerebral palsy
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Seventy patients who had suffered from severe damages in the brain in their early lives were examined using a CT scanner, DELTA-25. The results are summerized as follows: 1. CT findings of the brain were classified into four groups; (1) low density in 11 cases, (2) atrophy in 23, (3) hydrocephalus in 12, and (4) no findings in 24. 2. The low density in the CT finding was assumed as cystic degeneration due to circulatory disturbance in the cerebral hemispheres in their early developmental stages. 3. The ''acerebrate'' state denotes no or little development in mental and motor functions which is attributed to a severe damage in the developing brain. According to the CT findings, the ''acerebrate'' state was resulted from extensive destruction in the greater part of both hemispheres. (author)
Cerebral astroblastoma: A radiopathological diagnosis
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Deepak Kumar Singh
Full Text Available Astroblastoma is a rare glial neoplasm whose histogenesis has been clarified recently. It primarily occurs in children and young adults. We are reporting a case of 12-year-old girl child who presented with features of raised intracranial tension and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large well-circumscribed, cystic lesion without perifocal edema, and enhancing mural nodule in right parietal region. A radiological differential diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma and cerebral astroblastoma was made. A complete excision was done and histologically the lesion turned out to be an astroblastoma. We review the histology, immunohistochemistry, and imaging features of astroblastoma and survey the current literature, treatment strategies, and prognostic aspects for the management of this rare neoplasm.
A case of cerebral cryptococcosis
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A 66-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with chief complaint of vertigo, gait disturbance and dysarthria. These symptoms started about one year before admission and worsened. Vomiting and urinary incontinence appeared. Neurological examination revealed left cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria. In plain CT (computerized tomography) irregular ill-defined low density area was noted in the cerebellar vermis and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. And slight ventricular dilatation was found. Irregular shape of ring-like enhancement corresponding to capsule and patchy or mottled enhancement inside the tumor were seen. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed and yellowish necrotic tumor with hard capsule was removed. Histological diagnosis was not neoplasm or tuberculoma. Postoperatively liver function progressively worsened. She died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Autopsy revealed typical liver cirrhosis without malignant change. 3.0 x 2.5 cm sized, slightly hard, yellowish lesion was found on upper part of cerebellar hemispheres. This had extremely necrotic tissue and a great number of cryptococcus neoformans were found. And other intracranial lesion was not confirmed. Finding of pulmonary cryptococcosis was not gained. Our case is very rare because of solitary cerebellar abscess and absence of meningitic episode or pulmonary cryptococcosis. There are three types of inflammation in cerebral cryptococcosis. The commonest manifestation is the meningitic type, the second mode is granulomatous lesion and the third and the least presentation is intracranial abscess formatior. CT reveals various finidngs according to clinical stage. CT findings are those of meningitis, meningoencephalitis, granuloma and abscess. Cryptococcal granuloma or abscess often simulates brain abscess, glioma and metastatic brain tumor. We discussed CT findings of cerebral cryptococcosis and examined the CT number of our case. (J.P.N.)
Effect of prostaglandin E1 on cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic cerebral infarction
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The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied in 10 patients with chronic cerebral infarction. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by single photon emission computed tomography before and after they received PGE1 120 μg daily for 2 weeks. The rCBF of the brainstem, cerebellum, and frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes increased significantly after PGE1 administration. PGE1 also significantly increased the rCBF of the non-infarcted area adjacent to infarction. The results indicate that PGE1 increases the CBF of patients with chronic cerebral infarction without causing the intracerebral steal phenomenon. (author)
CT classification and clinical prognosis of cerebral infarction in the area of middle cerebral artery
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Computerized tomographies (CT) were repeatedly scanned on 70 patients with cerebral infarction in the middle cerebral artery. Low density area (LDA) was measured with HounFsfield's Unit (HU) and studied on the progressive changes. Classification of LDA was attempted and studied on correlation with mass effect, contrast enhancement, angiographical findings, clinical symptoms and prognosis. It was considered that important points of diagnosis of cerebral infarction were timing of examination of CT and determination of LDA with HUF. It was also thought that CT classification of LDA was usefull to estimate prognosis of the patients with cerebral infarction. (author)
Ipsilateral Cerebral and Contralateral Cerebellar Hyperperfusion in Patients with Unilateral Cerebral Infarction; SPM Analysis
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Hong, Sun Pyo; Yoon, Joon Kee; Choi, Bong Hoi; Joo, In Soo; Yoon, Seok Nam [Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon (Korea, Republic of)
Cortical reorganization has an important role in the recovery of stroke. We analyzed the compensatory cerebral and cerebellar perfusion change in patients with unilateral cerebral infarction using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Fifty seven {sup 99m}Tc-Ethylene Cystein Diethylester (ECD) cerebral perfusion SPECT images of 57 patients (male/female=38/19, mean age=56{+-}17 years) with unilateral cerebral infarction were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into subgroups according to the location (left, right) and the onset (acute, chronic) of infarction. Each subgroup was compared with normal controls (male/female=11/1, mean age =36{+-}10 years) in a voxel-by-voxel manner (two sample t-test, p<0.001) using SPM. All 4 subgroups showed hyperperfusion in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex, but not in the contralateral cerebral cortex. Chronic left and right infarction groups revealed hyperperfusion in the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex, meanwhile, acute subgroups did not. Contralateral cerebellar hyperperfusion was also demonstrated in the chronic left infarction group. Using {sup 99m}Tc-ECD SPECT, we observed ipsilateral cerebral and contralateral cerebeller hyperperfusion in patients with cerebral infarction. However, whether these findings are related to the recovery of cerebral functions should be further evaluated.
Effect of cerebral lymphatic block on cerebral morphology and cortical evoked potential in rats
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Zuoli Xia; Baoling Sun; Mingfeng Yang; Dongmei Hu; Tong Zhao; Jingzhong Niu
BACKGROUND: It has been shown that although brain does not contain lining endothelial lymphatic vessel,it has lymphatic drain.Anterior lymphatic vessel in brain tissue plays a key role in introducing brain interstitial fluid to lymphatic system;however,the significance of lymphatic drain and the affect on cerebral edema remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of cerebral lymphatic block on cerebral morphology and cortical evoked potential in rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Institute of Cerebral Microcirulation of Taishan Medical College and Department of Neurology of Affiliated Hospital.MATERIALS:A total of 63 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were selected in this study.Forty-seven rats were used for the morphological observation induced by lymphatic drain and randomly divided into three groups:general observation group(n=12),light microscopic observation group(n=21)and electronic microscopic observation group(n=14).The rats in each group were divided into cerebral lymphatic block subgroup and sham-operation control subgroup.Sixteen rats were divided into cerebral the effect of cerebral lymphatic block on cortical evoked potential,in which the animals were randomly divided into sham-operation group(n=6)and cerebral lymphatic block group(n=10).METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the Institute of Cerebral Microcirculation of Taishan Medical College from January to August 2003.Rats in cerebral lymphatic block group were anesthetized and separated bilateral superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes under sterile condition. Superior and inferior boarders of lymph nodes were ligated the inputting and outputting channels, respectively, and then lymph node was removed so as to establish cerebral lymphatic drain disorder models. Rats in sham-operation control group were not ligated the lymphatic vessel and removed lymph nodes.and other operations were as the same as those in cerebral lymphatic block group
Cerebral circulation and metabolism in cerebral infarction of middle cerebral artery territory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), oxygen metabolism (rCMRO2), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) and blood volume (rCBV) were measured with a high performance positron CT (HEADTOME-III) and the 15O labeled gas steady-state method. Seven normal volunteers and 13 patients with ischemic infarction located in the territory of unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) were subjected to the positron CT measurement. In the present study, over estimation of rOEF and rCMRO2 were corrected by rCBV using the principle described by Lammertsma and Jones. From these paremeters we also calculated an rCBV/rCBF which meant regional blood transient time of cerebral vessels (rTT). Early ischemic lesions showed two types of uncoupling between rCBF and rCMRO2. Patients studied within the 5th day of the onset showed high rOEF with low rCBF in the infarcted forcus (misery perfusion). About a week after onset rOEF was changed into low level with decreased rCMRO2 and recovered rCBF, and the change lasted to a month after onset recovered rCBF, and the change lasted to a month after onset (luxury perfusion). Then, about two months later, the lesions gradually went to matched change of rCBF and rCMRO2 (coupled perfusion). These changes of rCBF and rCMRO2 described above will reveal the natural course of ischemic brain tissue with acute onset. It was also proved that there was positive correlation between rTT and rOEF. A parameter of rTT will be important to presume rOEF from a single photon emission CT measurement, which has not been able to study oxygen metabolism but could measure rCBF and rCBV. The threshold levels of rCBF and rCMRO2 for morphological tissue damages assessed as a low density area on a X-ray CT were clinically estimated from the present study. The thresholds evaluated in patients within a day of onset, were 12 ml/100 ml/min, and 1.5 ml/ 100 ml/min for rCBF and rCMRO2, respectively. (J.P.N.)
Herpes Zoster oftálmico e posterior acidente vascular cerebral: relato de caso
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Carlos A. M. Guerreiro
Full Text Available Um caso de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC 14 semanas após a instalação de herpes zoster oftálmico (HZO é apresentado. A tomografia computadorizada craniana documentou comprometimento em território de artéria cerebral média ipsilateral ao HZO. O diagnóstico de probabilidade é o de arterite por herpes zoster com posterior trombose. Os autores reviram a literatura e enfatizam o longo intervalo entre o HZO e a instalação da hemiplegia. Citam as novas drogas antivirais que tornam esta causa de AVC potencialmente passível de ser prevenida.
Estado nutricional en niños con parálisis cerebral infantil
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Drianet Castillo Peña
Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con el objetivo de caracterizar el estado nutricional de los niños que ingresaron en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial "Mártires de las Tunas"con parálisis cerebral, en el periodo comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2012. La muestra estuvo integrada por 25 niños. La evaluación nutricional se hizo según las tablas cubanas. Se observó que predominó el sexo masculino, siendo más afectado el grupo de mayores de siete años, prevaleció la desnutrición en niños con parálisis cerebral severa. Los déficits nutricionales más frecuentes fueron la anemia, seguido de la hipoalbuminemia
Intra Cerebral Hemorrhage Following Scorpion Sting
Mathur P C; Trikha Sushma; Kohli Ritesh
Central nervous system manifestations following scorpion sting have been infrequently reported in literature. To emphasise the fact that this form of clinical presentation is not unusual we are reporting a case of scorpion sting associated with intra cerebral hemorrhage.
Scorpion bite and multiple cerebral infarcts.
Thacker A; Lal R; Misra M
Multiple cerebral infarcts, bilateral optic neuropathy with limb ischemia, following scorpion bite is documented. Vasospasm and autonomic storm due to envenomation is a plausible explanation for this symptom complex.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: a comprehensive update.
Mehdi, Ali; Hajj-Ali, Rula A
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by recurrent thunderclap headache, with or without neurologic symptoms, and reversible vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries. RCVS affects patients in various racial and ethnic groups and in all age groups, although most commonly in the fourth decade of life. Many conditions and exposures have been linked to RCVS, including vasoactive drugs and the peripartum period. Disturbance of the cerebral vascular tone is thought to contribute to the disease's pathophysiology. RCVS generally follows a monophasic course. Associated strokes and cerebral hemorrhages are not uncommon. In this review we will attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of RCVS, with emphasis on the controversies in the field and the newest findings in the reported literature. PMID:25138149
Cerebral Ischemic Events with Sickle Cell Anemia
J Gordon Millichap
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital and several additional centers in the US and UK studied the incidence of acute silent cerebral ischemic events (ASCIEs) in MRIs of children with asymptomatic sickle cell anemia (SCA).
Increased Prevalence of Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy
J Gordon Millichap
The prevalence and severity of dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) in European children born 1976-1996 were analyzed in a multicenter study in Goteborg, Sweden; Cork, Ireland; Tubingen, Germany; and Grenoble, France.
Spastic Diplegic and Tetraplegic Cerebral Palsy Compared
J Gordon Millichap
Risk factors of cerebral palsy (CP), seizures, CP severity, EEG, and MRI findings were compared in 38 children with spastic diplegic (DCP) and 48 with spastic tetraplegic (TCP), in a report from Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
Cerebral cysticercosis in a cat : clinical communication
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E.V. Schwan
Full Text Available The metacestode of Taenia solium, Cysticercus cellulosae, was recovered from the brain of a cat showing central nervous clinical signs ante mortem. This is the first record of cerebral cysticercosis in a cat in South Africa.
Cerebral blood flow: Physiologic and clinical aspects
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This book contains 46 chapters divided among nine sections. The section titles are: Historical Perspectives; Cerebrovascular Anatomy; Cerebrovascular Physiology; Methods of Clinical Measurement; Experimental Methods; Imaging of Cerebral Circulation; Cerebrovascular Pathophysiology; Cerebrovascular Pharmacology; and Surgical and Interventional Augmentation
Genetics Home Reference: hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy
... prognosis of a genetic condition? Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center Frequency The prevalence of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unknown. The Dutch type is the most common, with over 200 ...
Desempenho funcional de crianças com paralisia cerebral participantes de tratamento multidisciplinar Functional performance of children with cerebral palsy undergoing multidisciplinary treatment
Alex Carrer Borges Dias; Joyce Cristina Freitas; Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto Formiga; Fabiana Pavan Viana
A paralisia cerebral (PC) é um conjunto de desordens posturais e do movimento que causam limitações funcionais; é atribuída a distúrbios não-progressivos, porém mutáveis, decorrentes de lesão do cérebro imaturo. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar as dimensões funcionais comprometidas e observar a evolução da função motora grossa de crianças com PC submetidas a tratamento multidisciplinar em um intervalo de quatro meses. A amostra foi composta por 27 crianças com PC (média de idade 7,6 a...
Cerebral Microcirculation during Experimental Normovolaemic Anemia
Bellapart, Judith; Cuthbertson, Kylie; Dunster, Kimble; Diab, Sara; Platts, David G.; Raffel, O. Christopher; Gabrielian, Levon; Barnett, Adrian; Paratz, Jenifer; Boots, Rob; Fraser, John F.
Anemia is accepted among critically ill patients as an alternative to elective blood transfusion. This practice has been extrapolated to head injury patients with only one study comparing the effects of mild anemia on neurological outcome. There are no studies quantifying microcirculation during anemia. Experimental studies suggest that anemia leads to cerebral hypoxia and increased rates of infarction, but the lack of clinical equipoise, when testing the cerebral effects of transfusion among critically injured patients, supports the need of experimental studies. The aim of this study was to quantify cerebral microcirculation and the potential presence of axonal damage in an experimental model exposed to normovolaemic anemia, with the intention of describing possible limitations within management practices in critically ill patients. Under non-recovered anesthesia, six Merino sheep were instrumented using an intracardiac transeptal catheter to inject coded microspheres into the left atrium to ensure systemic and non-chaotic distribution. Cytometric analyses quantified cerebral microcirculation at specific regions of the brain. Amyloid precursor protein staining was used as an indicator of axonal damage. Animals were exposed to normovolaemic anemia by blood extractions from the indwelling arterial catheter with simultaneous fluid replacement through a venous central catheter. Simultaneous data recording from cerebral tissue oxygenation, intracranial pressure, and cardiac output was monitored. A regression model was used to examine the effects of anemia on microcirculation with a mixed model to control for repeated measures. Homogeneous and normal cerebral microcirculation with no evidence of axonal damage was present in all cerebral regions, with no temporal variability, concluding that acute normovolaemic anemia does not result in short-term effects on cerebral microcirculation in the ovine brain. PMID:26869986
Wearable wireless cerebral oximeter (Conference Presentation)
Zhang, Xin; Jiang, Tianzi
Cerebral oximeters measure continuous cerebral oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology noninvasively. It has been involved into operating room setting to monitor oxygenation within patient's brain when surgeons are concerned that a patient's levels might drop. Recently, cerebral oxygen saturation has also been related with chronic cerebral vascular insufficiency (CCVI). Patients with CCVI would be benefited if there would be a wearable system to measure their cerebral oxygen saturation in need. However, there has yet to be a wearable wireless cerebral oximeter to measure the saturation in 24 hours. So we proposed to develop the wearable wireless cerebral oximeter. The mechanism of the system follows the NIRS technology. Emitted light at wavelengths of 740nm and 860nm are sent from the light source penetrating the skull and cerebrum, and the light detector(s) receives the light not absorbed during the light pathway through the skull and cerebrum. The amount of oxygen absorbed within the brain is the difference between the amount of light sent out and received by the probe, which can be used to calculate the percentage of oxygen saturation. In the system, it has one source and four detectors. The source, located in the middle of forehead, can emit two near infrared light, 740nm and 860nm. Two detectors are arranged in one side in 2 centimeters and 3 centimeters from the source. Their measurements are used to calculate the saturation in the cerebral cortex. The system has included the rechargeable lithium battery and Bluetooth smart wireless micro-computer unit.
Pathophysiology of dysarthria in cerebral palsy.
Neilson, P D; O'Dwyer, N J
Electromyograms were recorded with hooked-wire electrodes from sixteen lip, tongue and jaw muscles in six normal and seven cerebral palsied adult subjects during a variety of speech and non-speech tasks. The recorded patterns of muscle activity fail to support a number of theories concerning the pathophysiology of dysarthria in cerebral palsy. There was no indication of weakness in individual articulator muscles. There was no evidence of uncontrolled sustained background activity or of abnorm...
The changing epidemiology of cerebral palsy.
Pharoah, P. O.; Platt, M J; Cooke, T
AIM: To determine the prevalence of cerebral palsy in a specific population. METHODS: Multiple sources of ascertainment were used to create and maintain a register of all cases of cerebral palsy born to mothers resident in the counties of Merseyside and Cheshire in the years 1966 to 1989. Denominator data of infant births and deaths from 1966 to 1981 were obtained from statutory notifications made to health authorities and, for the period 1982-89, from statutory birth and death registrations....
Growth hormone deficiency and cerebral palsy
Devesa, Jesús; Casteleiro, Nerea; Rodicio, Cristina; López, Natalia; Reimunde, Pedro
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a catastrophic acquired disease, occurring during development of the fetal or infant brain. It mainly affects the motor control centres of the developing brain, but can also affect cognitive functions, and is usually accompanied by a cohort of symptoms including lack of communication, epilepsy, and alterations in behavior. Most children with cerebral palsy exhibit a short stature, progressively declining from birth to puberty. We tested here whether this lack of normal ...
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cerebral Abscess Treatment
Danny Barrueta Reyes; Néstor Pulido Ríos
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cerebral Abscess Treatment. It has been defined as a festering process caused by any germ and placed inside the cerebral parenchyma; this is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for surgeons and general doctors since the clinical and radiological manifestations are often imprecise. This document describes its etiological agents, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It includes assessment guidelines focused on the most important aspects to be accom...
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cerebral Abscess Treatment
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Danny Barrueta Reyes
Full Text Available Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cerebral Abscess Treatment. It has been defined as a festering process caused by any germ and placed inside the cerebral parenchyma; this is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for surgeons and general doctors since the clinical and radiological manifestations are often imprecise. This document describes its etiological agents, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It includes assessment guidelines focused on the most important aspects to be accomplished.
Hyperdense lesions in CT of cerebral toxoplasmosis
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We report a case of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with stage IV C1 AIDS who presented hyperdense CT images 13 days after beginning antitoxoplasma treatment. These lesions could be caused by calcifications or blood. The attenuation values lead us to believe that they are calcium. Intracranial calcification in adult cerebral toxoplasmosis is an uncommon finding. Its presence in AIDS patients should not suggest any etiology other than toxoplasmosis. (Author) 16 refs
Crossed cerebral - cerebellar diaschisis : MRI evaluation.
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Chakravarty A
Full Text Available MRI, done later in life, in two patients with infantile hemiplegia syndrome showed significant volume loss in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the side of the affected cerebrum. The cerebellar volume loss seemed to correlate with the degree of volume loss in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. These observations provide morphological evidence of the phenomenon of crossed cerebral-cerebellar diaschisis (CCD. Functional neuroimaging studies in support of the concept of CCD has been critically reviewed.
Applications of cerebral MRI in neonatology
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Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) has become the most important method in the workup of infantile cerebral complications after primary sonography. Cerebral MR examination and image interpretation during the infantile period require extensive knowledge of morphological manifestations, their pathophysiological background, and frequency. The choice of imaging parameters and image interpretation is demonstrated in infarctions and hemorrhages of the mature and immature brain. A review of the main differential diagnoses is also given. The relevance of MR spectroscopy and fetal MRI is discussed. (orig.)
Joubert syndrome labeled as hypotonic cerebral palsy
Dekair, Lubna H.; Kamel, Hussein; El-Bashir, Haitham O.
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and complex brainstem malformation. The diagnosis of cases can be difficult as the presentation can be similar to cases of cerebral palsy. We present a case of JS in an 18-month-old girl who presented to pediatric rehabilitation with a diagnosis of hypotonic cerebral palsy and abnormal eye movements. The brain MRI confirmed the typical brain malformations.
Tongue mobility in patients with cerebral palsy
Živković Zorica; Golubović Slavica
Background/Aim. In children with cerebral palsy speech is a big problem. Speech of these children is more or less understandable, depending on the degree of reduced mobility of articulatory organs. Reduced mobility is affected by inability to control facial grimacing and poor muscle strength when performing targeted movements. The aim of this study was to determine the mobility of tongue in patients with cerebral palsy. Methods. The study included a sample of 34 children - patients with...
Ocular problems in children with cerebral palsy
Esra Ayhan Tuzcu; Fatmagül Başarslan; Cahide Yılmaz; Seçil Arıca; Nilgün Üstün; Özgür İlhan; Mesut Coşkun; Uğurcan Keskin
The aim of this study is to evaluate eye problemsin children with cerebral palsy in our region.Materials and Methods: 90 patients which was diagnosedas cerebral palsy, treated and followed up in PediatricNeurology Department of Mustafa Kemal University,were included to this study. The history was taken, anda physical examination was performed to determine theetiology of the disease and type of SP. All of the patientswere underwent a detailed ophthalmological examinationincluding visual acuity...
Srinivasa Rao; Vidyullatha; Subbalakshmi
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy ( CP ) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Preterm birth is the birth of baby before 37 completed weeks, a full term birth is birth at 37 to 42 weeks of gestation . AIM: To show the extent of association of preterm deliveries as a risk factor in development of cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This r etrospective cohort study wa...
Temperament of premature infants with cerebral palsy
Ryu, Hyo Jeong; Don Kim, Kyoung
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the infant temperaments of children with cerebral palsy due to premature birth. [Subjects and Methods] Data were collected through questionnaires sent to 118 mothers of infants diagnosed with cerebral palsy due to premature birth. [Results] Different infant temperament scores were obtained according to the degrees of disability, type of palsy, birth weights, gestational age, and periods of hospitalization in an NICU; however, the differences ...
A ínsula e o conceito de bloco cerebral central The insula and the central core concept
Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas; Evandro de Oliveira
A caracterização anatômica de regiões encefálicas topograficamente bem definidas é particularmente útil para a prática neurocirúrgica por propiciar melhor compreensão da tridimensionalidade das suas estruturas e das lesões que as acometem, e por incitar uma maior sistematização dos seus acessos cirúrgicos. Neste sentido, se destaca no interior de cada hemisfério cerebral, um verdadeiro bloco único composto externamente pela ínsula, internamente pelos núcleos da base e tálamo, e que abriga no ...
Mecanismos de consolación motivacional de la plasticidad sináptica duradera:efectos del envejecimiento cerebral
Almaguer Melian, William
Nuestros resultados han mostrado que la amígdala está implicada en el reforzamiento motivacional de la LTP y que este proceso depende de la síntesis de nuevas proteínas. Por otra parte, la norepinefrina administrada en dosis bajas fue suficiente para provocar la consolidación de una E-LTP en una L-LTP, en tanto la oxotremorina, un agonista colinérgico, no tuvo igual efecto. Los estudios por microdiálisis cerebral mostraron que la estimulación de la amígdala aumentó la liberación de acetilc...
CT findings of early acute cerebral infarction
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The CT findings of the acute cerebral infarction are well known. However the CT findings of early stroke within 24 hours of the onset have not been sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate early acute cerebral infarction on CT within 24 hours after ictus. The early and accurate CT diagnosis could lead to the appropriate therapy and improved outcome of the patients. Authors retrospectively analyzed 16 patients with early acute cerebral infarction. Acute cerebral infarction was confirmed by follow-up CT in 11 patients, SPECT in 4 patients, and MRI in 1 patient. The CT findings of early acute cerebral infarction include effacement of cortical sulci or cistern (n = 16, 100%), hyperattenuation of MCA (n = 3), obscuration of lentiform nucleus (n = 6), loss of insular ribbon (n = 6) and subtle low density in hemisphere (n = 5). The most frequent finding was effacement of cortical sulci in our study, and it was thought to be the most important sign of early acute cerebral infarction
Ocular problems in children with cerebral palsy
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Esra Ayhan Tuzcu
Full Text Available The aim of this study is to evaluate eye problemsin children with cerebral palsy in our region.Materials and Methods: 90 patients which was diagnosedas cerebral palsy, treated and followed up in PediatricNeurology Department of Mustafa Kemal University,were included to this study. The history was taken, anda physical examination was performed to determine theetiology of the disease and type of SP. All of the patientswere underwent a detailed ophthalmological examinationincluding visual acuity, refractive error, amblyopia, strabismus,nystagmus and fundus examination.Results: Totally 90 patients, 51 male and 39 female,were included to the study. When the etiologic factorswere evaluated, the asphyxia was seen in 33.3% of thepatients. The most common type of cerebral palsy wasspastic quadriplegia at the rate of 43.3%. Eye problemswere detected in 60% of our cases. Of this, 54.4% wererefractive errors, 35.6% were strabismus, and 22.2%were optic nerve pathologies. Amblyopia was found in11.1% of cases. Although strabismus is more common inspastic diplegia type of cerebral palsy, there was no statisticallysignificant differenceConclusions: In conclusion, eye problems are commonin children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, we recommendroutine eye examination in these patients due to be beneficialin reducing the detection and communication difficulties.Key words: Cerebral palsy, refractive error, strabismus,optic atrophy
[Platelets, atherothrombosis, antiplatelet drugs and cerebral ischemia].
Bousser, Marie-Germaine
Platelets play a much more important role in myocardial ischemia than in cerebral ischemia, because atherothrombosis - the underlying cause of the vast majority of myocardial infarcts - is responsible for only 25-30% of cerebral infarcts. Aspirin is the only effective antiplatelet drug for primary prevention of ischemic events, especially those affecting the heart. For secondary prevention of cerebral infarction, clopidogrel and the combination of aspirin with extended-release dipyridamole are both marginally better than aspirin alone, but aspirin remains the gold standard worldwide because of its remarkable cost/benefit/tolerability ratio. The clopidogrel-aspirin combination is to be avoided because of the risk of hemorrhage, particularly in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Revascularization strategies and the choice of antiplatelet drugs for the acute phase of myocardial and cerebral ischemia are very different, consisting of endovascular treatment and aggressive platelet inhibition for coronary infarcts, versus intravenous thrombolysis and / or aspirin for cerebral infarcts. None of the new antiplatelet drugs used in acute coronary syndromes has so far been studied in acute cerebral ischemia. PMID:24919368
Angiographic Findings In Patients With Cerebral Aneurysm
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Miri S M
Full Text Available Background: This investigation was conducted in order to study angiographic findings in patients with cerebral aneurysm. Materials and Methods: The study conducted on 136 cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysms between 1995-2000 confirmed by means of 4-vessel cerebral angiography to get an insight to racial, geographic and environmental factors predisposing to the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and aneurysm formation. Results: The data analysis revealed the following results: 58% of the population comprised of male and 42% female with a mean age of 46 years. 89% of the aneurysms were found in the anterior circulation and 11% occurred in the posterior cerebral circulation. The most common site in both the sexes was the anterior communicating artery. 9.6% of the patients displayed two separate aneurysms. 5.2% of the aneurysms were found to be giant aneurysms and 3% of the patients had fusiform aneurysms. Conclusion: The low average age, a predilection in male population and the prevalence of aneurysms at carotid and middle cerebral artery bifurcation and the distal branches of anterior cerebral artery and a higher incidence of anterior communicating artery in women were the findings observed in this study.
Serial neuroradiological studies in focal cerebritis
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Hatta, S. (Dept. of Neurology, Juntendo Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan)); Mochizuki, H. (Dept. of Neurology, Juntendo Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan)); Kuru, Y. (Dept. of Radiology, Juntendo Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan)); Miwa, H. (Dept. of Neurology, Juntendo Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan)); Kondo, T. (Dept. of Neurology, Juntendo Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan)); Mori, H. (Dept. of Neurology, Juntendo Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan)); Mizuno, Y. (Dept. of Neurology, Juntendo Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan))
We report serial neuroradiological studies in a patient with focal cerebritis in the head of the left caudate nucleus. On the day after the onset of symptoms, CT showed an ill-defined low density lesion. The lack of contrast enhancement appeared to be the most important finding for differentiating focal cerebritis from an encapsulated brain abscess or a tumour. MRI two days later revealed the centre of the lesion to be of slightly low intensity on T1-weighted inversion recovery (IR) images and very low intensity on T2-weighted spin echo images, which appeared to correspond to the early cerebritis stage of experimentally induced cerebritis and brain abscess. Ten days after the onset of symptoms, CT revealed a thin ring of enhancement in the head of the caudate nucleus, and a similar small ring was seen in the hypothalamus 16 days after the onset, corresponding to the late cerebritis stage. MRI nine days later revealed ill-defined high signal lesions within the involved area on the T1-weighted IR images. To our knowledge, this is the first published MRI documentation of the early cerebritis stage developing into an encapsulated brain abscess. The mechanisms underlying of these radiographic changes are discussed. (orig.)
Serial neuroradiological studies in focal cerebritis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We report serial neuroradiological studies in a patient with focal cerebritis in the head of the left caudate nucleus. On the day after the onset of symptoms, CT showed an ill-defined low density lesion. The lack of contrast enhancement appeared to be the most important finding for differentiating focal cerebritis from an encapsulated brain abscess or a tumour. MRI two days later revealed the centre of the lesion to be of slightly low intensity on T1-weighted inversion recovery (IR) images and very low intensity on T2-weighted spin echo images, which appeared to correspond to the early cerebritis stage of experimentally induced cerebritis and brain abscess. Ten days after the onset of symptoms, CT revealed a thin ring of enhancement in the head of the caudate nucleus, and a similar small ring was seen in the hypothalamus 16 days after the onset, corresponding to the late cerebritis stage. MRI nine days later revealed ill-defined high signal lesions within the involved area on the T1-weighted IR images. To our knowledge, this is the first published MRI documentation of the early cerebritis stage developing into an encapsulated brain abscess. The mechanisms underlying of these radiographic changes are discussed. (orig.)
Changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity during cognitive task-induced cerebral fatigue in high performance fighter pilots
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Yongsheng Chen
BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that sustained cognitive tasks can induce cognitive fatigue and that the mean cerebral blood flow velocity changes in some cerebral regions during cerebral fatigue. OBJECTIVE: To dynamically monitor the changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in different brain regions of high performance fighter pilots during mental arithmetic tasks and consecutive performance tasks. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The present neurophysiological trial, based on controlled observation, was performed at the Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force of China between January 2003 and December 2005. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-five males, high performance fighter pilots, averaging (27.6 ± 2.5) years, were recruited for this study. METHODS: The mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery of subjects was dynamically tested using transcranial Doppler during 5- hour mental arithmetic tasks and during 5- hour consecutive performance tasks. The neurobehavioral ability index was analyzed throughout each trial according to the number of correct responses, false responses, and lost responses. Simultaneously, cerebral cognitive fatigue-induced lethargy was assessed by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery; neurobehavioral ability index of mental arithmetic and consecutive performance tasks; Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores. RESULTS: During mental arithmetic tasks, the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery increased during hour 2 and decreased after hour 4. There was no significant change in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. During hour 4, cerebral cognitive fatigue was observed and, simultaneously, Stanford Sleepiness
La Transversal Cafetera por Caldas
Duque Escobar, Gonzalo
Dada la necesidad de una transversal férrea para resolver las falencias estructurales del transporte de carga colombiano, con la construcción del nuevo Túnel Cumanday bimodal y doble cruzando la Cordillera Central por Caldas, la nueva Transversal Cafetera podría diseñarse con pendiente máxima del 6% y velocidad de 80 km/h, y convertirse en complemento al paso por la Línea, y en el soporte de un corredor logístico que integraría la región andina de Colombia, al detonar con el ferrocarril senda...
Ptose palpebral causada por Paquidermoperiostose
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Patricia Regina de Pinho Tavares
Full Text Available A paquidermoperiostose é uma síndrome caracterizada por acometimento cutâneo e ósseo, e em alguns casos ocorre comprometimento palpebral leve. É uma síndrome rara, idiopática ou hereditária, com provável herança autossômica dominante de penetrância variável. Descreve-se o caso de um paciente com ptose grave por paquidermoperiostose elucidando sua fisiopatologia e conduta cirúrgica aplicada.
José Luis Rivarola
El sistema de la conjugación "objetiva" plantea interesantesproblemas que fueron tratados en parte por K. Heger (1966) en suestudio comparativo del francés y del español. De la comparaciónse desprende, por ejemplo, que en español hay un cierto número deambigüedades que no permiten establecer un "paradigma tan completo y unívoco" como en el caso del francés. Dentro de estas ambigüedades se encuentran las que propicia el gramema se: "El morfema [gramema] se funciona no sólo como pronombre refle...
Miasis cutanea por cordylobia anthropophaga
Alkorta Gurrutxaga Miriam; Beristain Rementeria Xabier; Cilla Eguiluz Gustavo; Tuneu Valls Anna; Zubizarreta Salvador José
El incremento progresivo en el número de personas que viajan a países tropicales ha hecho que las enfermedades importadas adquieran una relevancia cada vez mayor. Las miasis (o infestaciones por larvas de moscas) cutáneas se encuentran entre este tipo de enfermedades siendo especialmente frecuentes en países tropicales. A propósito de la observación de un caso de miasis cutánea masiva por Cordylobia antropophaga, que ocurrió en una mujer de 34 años de edad al volver de un viaje a Senegal, se ...
Diverticulitis yeyunal perforada por enterolito.
Marenco De la Cuadra, Beatriz; Gomez-Rosado, Juan Carlos; Capitan-Morales, Luis-Cristobal; Valdés Hernández, Javier; Reyes-lopera, N.J. De los
La diverticulosis yeyunal es una enfermedad adquirida rara. Casi el 60-70% keeps asymptomátic or Con síntomas crónicos inespecíficos, aunque puede presentarse como un abdomen agudo. La perforación debida a enterolitos es una causa extremadamente rara do complicación, y puede producirse por la impactación de ésta contra la pared intestinal. Presentamos caso de un varón de 82 años que acude a urgencias por un dolor súbito abdominal, difuso, con irritación peritoneal, leucocitosis con neutro...
A clinical study of cerebral vaso paralysis during a period of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We employ the 123I-infinitum (Imp) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) dual table autoradiography (Arg) method and stereotactic extraction estimation (SEE) analysis 7 or 8 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) onset to predict cerebral vasospasm. We report new findings of cerebral vasoparalysis during a period of cerebral vasospasm after SAH. From January 1, 2005 to April 30, 2008, we encountered 330 cases of aneurysmal SAH, and treated 285 cases. Of these, 65 were excluded as unsuitable for this study, for reasons such as lack of SPECT data, external decompression, admission over 7 days from SAH onset. We studied 220 cases treated by microsurgical clipping (n=178) or endovascular coil embolization (n=42). Vasoparalysis was defined as a rise in resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and a loss of vascular reserve on SEE analysis of CBF-SPECT. Vasoparalysis occurred in 15 cases (6.8%). Of these, 9 cases (60.0%) had cerebral hematoma, temporary clips had been used in the operation for 8 cases (53.3%), 9 cases (60.0%) experienced postoperative cerebral infarction, and 3 cases (20.0%) had postoperative convulsions. Vasoparalysis occurs in relation to perioperative cerebral damage. In terms of the loss of vascular reserve following SAH, vasoparalysis resembles hemodynamic cerebral ischemia, although the conditions are quite different. Differentiating between these 2 conditions is important, as different forms of management are required. Dual table ARG and SEE analysis are very useful for the evaluating these 2 conditions. (author)
Efecto de un programa de fisioterapia con hipoterapia sobre el equilibrio en sedestación en niños con parálisis cerebral espástica. Estudio piloto experimental
Rivas Carabias, Ana
Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) Introducción: La parálisis cerebral es una patología que afecta a 2,5 niños nacidos vivos por cada 1000, y que consiste en un grupo de trastornos permanentes y no progresivos en el Sistema Nervioso Central, que se produce durante el desarrollo cerebral del feto o del lactante, afectando al desarrollo del movimiento y la postura y teniendo una etiología muy diversa. Se caracteriza por un retraso en el desarrollo motor, alteración de la activación de...
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Maribel Castillo Caicedo
Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta una perspectiva del fenómeno de la sobreeducación, entendida como un desajuste por exceso, entre el nivel educativo alcanzado por el individuo y el exigido por el puesto de trabajo en el cual se desempeña; esto se debe a que existe una demanda laboral estrecha de puestos de trabajo para personas calificadas en Colombia. Se analizan las contribuciones empíricas existentes y el debate sobre las mismas; se examinan las teorías que permiten explicar la existencia de un desajuste educativo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura internacional y nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se plantean una serie de hipótesis para desarrollar un esquema que permita determinar el comportamiento del individuo en el fenómeno de la sobreeducación.
Cerebral oxygen metabolism and cerebral blood flow in man during light sleep (stage 2)
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Madsen, P L; Schmidt, J F; Holm, S; Vorstrup, S; Lassen, N A; Wildschiødtz, Gordon
We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) during light sleep (stage 2) in 8 young healthy volunteers using the Kety-Schmidt technique with 133Xe as the inert gas. Measurements were performed during wakefulness and light sleep as verified by standard...... polysomnography. Unlike our previous study in man showing a highly significant 25% decrease in CMRO2 during deep sleep (stage 3-4) we found a modest but statistically significant decrease of 5% in CMRO2 during stage 2 sleep. Deep and light sleep are both characterized by an almost complete lack of mental activity....... They differ in respect of arousal threshold as a stronger stimulus is required to awaken a subject from deep sleep as compared to light sleep. Our results suggest that during non-rapid eye movement sleep cerebral metabolism and thereby cerebral synaptic activity is correlated to cerebral readiness...
Ischaemic cerebral infarction combined determination of regional cerebral blood flow and volume via SPECT
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A combined measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (r CBF) and volume (r CBV) by SPECT was performed in 15 patients with ischaemic cerebral infarction. For measurement of r CBF 99mTc-HMPAO was used, and for r CBV 99mTc-labelled red blood cells. Patients with acute or subacute cerebral infarction (n=10) showed elevation of r CBV whereas r CBF was either reduced or elevated. Patients with chronic cerebral infarction (n=5) showed reduction of both r CBF and R CBV. The combined measurement of both r CBF and r CBV by SPECT allows imaging and semiquantitative evaluation of haemodynamic changes in ischaemic cerebral infarction at various stages. The resulting data may be helpful in describing the pathophysiologic compensatory mechanisms. (orig.)
The effect of herbs on cerebral energy metabolism in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice
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@@Vascular dementia is one of the most familiar types of senile dementia. Over the past few years, the research on the damage of cerebral tissues after ischemia has become a focus. The factors and mechanism of cerebral tissue damage after ischemia are very complex. The handicap of energy metabolism is regarded as the beginning factor which leads to the damage of neurons, but its dynamic changes in ischemic area and its role during the process of neuronal damage are not very clear. There are few civil reports on using 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance instrument to explore the changes of cerebral energy metabolism in intravital animals. After exploring the influence of herbs on cerebral energy metabolism in ischemia-reperfusion mice, we came to the conclusion that herbs can improve the cerebral energy metabolism in ischemia-reperfusion mice.
Cerebral sino-venous thrombosis
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Three cases of cerebral sino-venous thrombosis were reported. Repeated CT findings were studied and discussed on account of the treatments for those pathologic conditions. Those of studied cases are; a 22-year-old postpartum woman, a 42-year-old woman with irregular vaginal bleeding, and a 26-year-old man with severe reactive emesis after drinking alcohol. They were treated conservatively. Case 1 died in its acute stage. In the remaining ones, each had an uneventful recovery. CT scan findings of them manifested their exact clinical conditions. These findings were devided into two categories, one was direct signs expressed sino-venous occlusion, the other was indirect signs which appeared as a result of these occlusion. Direct signs cannot always get in every cases with sino-venous occlusion, but as for indirect signs, we can get various changes corresponding to the time taken CT photoes, and they are useful to decide appropriate treatments at that time. Considering suitable treatments for this disease, it is necessary to select most suitable ones according to their pathologic conditions, which may be precisely drawn with CT scans. (J.P.N.)
Cerebral CT of ischaemic lesions
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Aulich, A.
The diagnosis of stroke must first be established by clinical examination. CT has proved useful for confirmation of the diagnosis and provides a global intracranial picture of morphological changes in cerebral vascular diseases. A hemorrhage can be recognized with certainty at the first CT examination as the cause of the stroke, but in the detection of a lesion due to ischemia an important role is played by the correct choice of the time of examination, and in some cases also of the check-up with contrast medium. The differential diagnosis between infarct in the acute stage and encephalitis or gliomas of low-grade malignity can be difficult. A decision can often only be made after a series of examinations. Postmalacial conditions are often difficult to differentiate from defects due to other causes, such as hemorrhage, head injury, postoperative states and after encephalitis. A knowledge of the anamnesis and the clinical findings is indispensable for CT evaluation. In assessing the prognosis before vascular surgery on the extracranial brain-supplying vessels the performance of a CT examination should be advised. A warning is given against the use of CT as a screening method.
Cerebral concussion: a historical perspective.
Maroon, Joseph C; Mathyssek, Christina; Bost, Jeffrey
No topic in sports has gathered more attention and publicity than the diagnosis, management, and long-term effects of cerebral concussion. The relevant history of concussion starts in 1905 when President Theodore Roosevelt drew attention to the football 'death harvest'. Soon after, rules started to change to reduce the amount and severity of head injuries in football. Up until 1980, the primary focus regarding concussions was to diagnose a potentially fatal intracranial hemorrhage. While aware of long-term consequences of concussions, the perception at the time was that virtually all concussions would 'clear' with time and rest. Concussion management guidelines gave way to objective neuropsychological testing in the early 1990s with the development of the ImPACT™ (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive test. Led by organized football, in 1994 the National Football League (NFL) formed the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee which began to investigate the cause of concussions, evaluate equipment (particularly helmets), and recommend methods for prevention. In 2005, the first case of chronic traumatic encephalopathy was described in a deceased football player, raising concerns about the long-term consequences of head injuries and concussions. Major advancements in contact sports and the military are underway to reduce the incidence of concussions and subconcussive blows to the head. PMID:24923388
Bleck, E E
Orthopedic surgery can alleviate the hip flexion, adduction, and medial rotation deformities of the hip and improve the function and appearance of gait. To accomplish this, however, careful examination and prudence in the operative procedure to avoid overdoing and overcorrecting are important. Orthopedic surgery can prevent subluxation and dislocation of the hip before the age of seven years, and consequently repetitive radiographic examinations of the hip in children who have spastic paralysis of the hip musculature should be a routine procedure. Subluxation and dislocation of the hip, when established, can be successfully treated with orthopedic surgical procedures. Physicians must keep in mind that the spastic paralysis of cerebral palsy originates in the brain, and therefore the spasticity cannot be eliminated. The best that can be done is to weaken or remove some muscles as deforming forces and to achieve compromises for continued function. The goal should be optimal independence for the child and adolescent during development, and freedom from pain with deteriorating function due to degenerative arthritis in the adult. PMID:7360505
Clinical presentation of cerebral aneurysms
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Cianfoni, Alessandro [Neurocentro della Svizzera Italiana, Ospedale Civico di Lugano, via Tesserete, 46, 6900 Lugano (Switzerland); Pravatà, Emanuele, E-mail: email@example.com [Neurocentro della Svizzera Italiana, Ospedale Civico di Lugano, via Tesserete, 46, 6900 Lugano (Switzerland); De Blasi, Roberto [Neurocentro della Svizzera Italiana, Ospedale Civico di Lugano, via Tesserete, 46, 6900 Lugano (Switzerland); Tschuor, Costa Silvia [Dipartimento di Radiologia, Ospedale Civico di Lugano, via Tesserete, 46, 6900 Lugano (Switzerland); Bonaldi, Giuseppe [U.O. Neuroradiologia, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Largo Barozzi, 1, 24128 Bergamo (Italy)
Presentation of a cerebral aneurysm can be incidental, discovered at imaging obtained for unrelated causes, can occur in the occasion of imaging obtained for symptoms possibly or likely related to the presence of an unruptured aneurysm, or can occur with signs and symptoms at the time of aneurismal rupture. Most unruptured intracranial aneurysms are thought to be asymptomatic, or present with vague or non-specific symptoms like headache or dizziness. Isolated oculomotor nerve palsies, however, may typically indicate the presence of a posterior circulation aneurysm. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are by far the most common cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and represent a neurological emergency with potentially devastating consequences. Subarachnoid hemorrhage may be easily suspected in the presence of sudden and severe headache, vomiting, meningism signs, and/or altered mental status. However, failure to recognize milder and more ambiguous clinical pictures may result in a delayed or missed diagnosis. In this paper we will describe the clinical spectrum of unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms by discussing both typical and uncommon clinical features emerging from the literature review. We will additionally provide the reader with descriptions of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and main diagnostic pitfalls.
Clinical presentation of cerebral aneurysms
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Presentation of a cerebral aneurysm can be incidental, discovered at imaging obtained for unrelated causes, can occur in the occasion of imaging obtained for symptoms possibly or likely related to the presence of an unruptured aneurysm, or can occur with signs and symptoms at the time of aneurismal rupture. Most unruptured intracranial aneurysms are thought to be asymptomatic, or present with vague or non-specific symptoms like headache or dizziness. Isolated oculomotor nerve palsies, however, may typically indicate the presence of a posterior circulation aneurysm. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are by far the most common cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and represent a neurological emergency with potentially devastating consequences. Subarachnoid hemorrhage may be easily suspected in the presence of sudden and severe headache, vomiting, meningism signs, and/or altered mental status. However, failure to recognize milder and more ambiguous clinical pictures may result in a delayed or missed diagnosis. In this paper we will describe the clinical spectrum of unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms by discussing both typical and uncommon clinical features emerging from the literature review. We will additionally provide the reader with descriptions of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and main diagnostic pitfalls
Arterial tree asymmetry reduces cerebral pulsatility.
Vrselja, Zvonimir; Brkic, Hrvoje; Curic, Goran
With each heartbeat, pressure wave (PW) propagates from aorta toward periphery. In cerebral circulation, at the level of circle of Willis (CW), four arteries and four PWs converge. Since the interference is an elemental property of the wave, PWs interfere at the level of CW. We hypothesize that the asymmetry of brain-supplying arteries (that join to form CW) creates phase difference between the four PWs that interfere at the level of CW and reduce downstream cerebral pulsatility. To best of our knowledge, the data about the sequence of PWs' arrival into the cerebral circulation is lacking. Evident imperfect bilateral symmetry of the vessels results with different path length of brain-supplying arteries, hence, PWs should arrive into the head at different times. The probabilistic calculation shows that asynchronous arrival is more probable than synchronous. The importance of PWs for the cerebral circulation is highlighted by the observation that barotrauma protection mechanisms are more influenced by the crest of PW (pulse pressure) than by the mean arterial pressure. In addition, an increased arterial pulsatility is associated with several brain pathologies. We created simple computational models of four converging arteries and found that asynchronous arrival of the PWs results with lower maximum pressure, slower rate of pressure amplification and lower downstream pulsatility. In analogy, the asynchronous arrival of the pressure waves into the cerebral circulation should decrease blood flow pulsatility and lower transmission of kinetic energy on arterial wall. We conclude that asynchronous arrival of PWs into the cerebral circulation influences cerebral hemodynamics and represents a physiological necessity. PMID:26277658
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Srinivasa Rao
Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy ( CP is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Preterm birth is the birth of baby before 37 completed weeks, a full term birth is birth at 37 to 42 weeks of gestation . AIM: To show the extent of association of preterm deliveries as a risk factor in development of cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This r etrospective cohort study was conducted by eliciting history from the mothers of 99 cerebral palsy children who w ere treated in Rani Chandra Mani Devi Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. De tailed history was taken from the mothers of 99 cerebral palsy children who were treated in this hospital. History regarding the period of gestation at which the child was born (preterm or full term, any previous history of pre - term delivery or abortions, was obtained from the mothers and the data analyzed . RESULTS: From this study it was observed the proportional association of pre - term births to cerebral palsy is 33 out 99 i.e., about 33.33%, Of these 33 cerebral palsy children highest association being with birth at 28 wks gestation (51 %. This study also shows th at the mothers with a previous history of preterm delivery have 14.4 times higher risk of subsequent pre term delivery; those with previous history of abortions have 5.7 times risk of pre - term delivery than mothers without such history. CONCLUSION: From th is study it was concluded that the pre - term birth plays a major role as a risk factor in the development of cerebral palsy with mothers having previous pre term delivery and previous abortions adding further to this risk.
Trastornos Psiquiátricos Inducidos por Médicamentos
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Jonny Román Durandal Montaño
Full Text Available Los médicamentos psicotrópicos pueden producir efectos farmacológicos adversos,y que las médicaciones usadas en Medicina para tratar las enfermedades no psiquiátricas pueden causar complicaciones conductuales. El especialista en Psiquiatría debe estar familiarizado con una amplia variedad de reacciones adversas ante los médicamentos. Además, el médico de otras especialidades debe estar alerta con respecto a las interacciones potenciales entre las médicaciones que él prescribe y las recetadas simultáneamente por los colegas de otras especialidades.La presencia de enfermedad psiquiátrica, disfunción cerebral orgánica, o función hepática o renal alterada pueden predisponer a un paciente en particular a estos efectos secundarios.Los variados médicamentos no utilizados de forma psiquiátrica y neurológica pueden provocar un sin número de alteraciones sobre el SNC y su correspondiente efecto sobre la actividad mental del paciente, tratado por diversas patologías somáticas. Si bien sonbastante conocidos los efectos más comunes como el Síndrome Confusional Agudo, Alteraciones del Ánimo o cuadros Psicóticos, sus efectos son mucho más amplios de los observados comúnmente.
Estrategias educativas para alumnos con daño cerebral sobrevenido
Grau Rubio, Claudia
Los síntomas de los niños afectados por un daño cerebral sobrevenido pueden ser pasajeros o permanentes, y presentar alteraciones cognitivas (percepción, atención, memoria y pensamiento), expresivas (lenguaje y motricidad), emocionales y del comportamiento y alteración en las funciones ejecutivas. Asimismo, pueden sufrir ataques de epilepsia, hidrocefalia, cefalea y fatiga crónica y tienen problemas de aprendizaje, de conducta y de adaptación social. La escuela debe hacer las adaptaciones ...
Parálisis cerebral infantil: tóxina botulínica y fisioterapia
Frías González, Laura
La Parálisis Cerebral Infantil es una encefalopatía secular con afectación predominantemente motriz, que consiste en una variada combinación de espasticidad, ataxia, distonía y otras discinesias [1]. La espasticidad es la mayor causante de discapacidad física, por lo que su tratamiento va a ser de vital importancia en los niños que la presentan. Para ello hay diferentes técnicas que podemos llevar a cabo, aunque siempre debemos tener en cuenta las características individuale...
Intervención educativa: alumnos con discapacidad motora (parálisis cerebral infantil)
Valencia Navajas, Jesús
La parálisis cerebral ofrece al profesional un campo de intervención amplísimo, con el fin de facilitar la tarea reeducativa en esta área. Realizo este trabajo, concentrado en distintas actividades, ideadas en algunos casos por diferentes autores, y en otros casos, diseñadas en base al ejercicio profesional. Cuando nos disponemos a reeducar disfunciones neurológicas y musculares, partimos de un diagnóstico, arriesgamos un pronóstico y aplicamos una terapia. Esta elección supone una reflexi...
Software Plaphoons na comunicação de indivíduo com paralisia cerebral
Miguel Maia
Neste artigo propomo-nos abordar as vantagens do uso de um software de comunicação alternativa, Plaphoons na comunicação de um aluno com Paralisia Cerebral (PC) cuja comunicação está fortemente comprometida por limitações físicas. Após uma breve abordagem teórica sobre a PC e a Tecnologia de Apoio mostraremos as potencialidades e vantagens do uso do Plaphoons na comunicação e em que medida este poderá ajudar o indivíduo no desenvolvimento da sua competência comunicativa. ...
Guía de recursos sobre daño cerebral adquirido
Aranaz Tudela, Jaime
El completo desarrollo de una guía de recursos sobre daño cerebral adquirido, formada por una base de datos y una aplicación Web para su gestión, que cumpla con todos los criterios sobre accesibilidad para personas con alguna discapacidad, constituye el eje central del presente proyecto. En el capítulo 1, se explica la introducción al proyecto, su motivación y los objetivos básicos que persigue la realización del mismo. El capítulo 2 expone la gestión inicial del proyecto, donde se explica la...
(phoenicopterus roseus por intoxicación aguda por plomo
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D Romero
Full Text Available La presencia de plomo en el medio ambiente es un hecho indiscutible. Ello es objeto de gran interés sanitario pues repercute tanto en la salud de los animales como en la del ser humano. El plumbismo es una intoxicación que puede afectar a cualquier especie animal. En el ámbito de la fauna silvestre se asocia principalmente a la actividad cinegética en los humedales y a la ingestión de plomo metálico por parte de las aves que frecuentan estos ecosistemas. En España cada año mueren decenas de miles de aves acuáticas como consecuencia de la ingesta de perdigones de plomo. En los individuos capturados enfermos se pueden observar signos clínicos, mientras que a partir de muestras de cadáveres se obtienen datos sobre niveles tisulares de plomo. Sin embargo la evaluación de lesiones anatomopatológicas en animales de vida silvestre es difícil de realizar por la dificultad de encontrar animales recién muertos o afectados de un cuadro agudo mortal. La reproducción de esta patología en animales de experimentación se suele realizar en cisnes, palomas o patos, pero no en flamencos, por lo que no es usual disponer de datos histológicos en esta especie. En este trabajo presentamos la clínica, analítica y estudio microscópico de diferentes tejidos de un flamenco común (Phoenicopterus roseus muerto por plumbismo.
Pathological review of late cerebral radionecrosis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Late cerebral radionecrosis may be considered to be a specific chronic inflammatory response, although it is unknown whether the initial damage by brain irradiation is to an endothelial cell or a glial cell. I discuss the pathological specificity of late cerebral radionecrosis by studying the published literature and a case that I experienced. In late cerebral radionecrosis, there are typical coagulation necrosis areas containing fibrinoid necrosis with occlusion of the lumina and poorly active inflammatory areas with many inflammatory ghost cells, focal perivascular lymphocytes, hyalinized vessels, and telangiectatic vascularization near and in the necrotic tissue, and more active inflammatory areas formed as a partial rim of the reactive zone by perivascular lymphocytes, much vascularization, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes at the corticomedullary border adjacent to necrotic tissue in the white matter. It is difficult to believe that coagulation necrosis occurs without first disordering the vascular endothelial cells because fibrinoid necrosis is a main feature and a diffusely multiple lesion in late cerebral radionecrosis. Because various histological findings do develop, progress, and extend sporadically at different areas and times in the irradiated field of the brain for a long time after radiation, uncontrolled chronic inflammation containing various cytokine secretions may also play a key role in progression of this radionecrosis. Evaluation of the mechanism of the development/aggravation of late cerebral radionecrosis requires a further study for abnormal cytokine secretions and aberrant inflammatory reactions. (author)
Cerebral Air Embolism from Angioinvasive Cavitary Aspergillosis
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Chen Lin
Full Text Available Background. Nontraumatic cerebral air embolism cases are rare. We report a case of an air embolism resulting in cerebral infarction related to angioinvasive cavitary aspergillosis. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports associating these two conditions together. Case Presentation. A 32-year-old female was admitted for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL. Her hospital course was complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis. On hospital day 55, she acutely developed severe global aphasia with right hemiplegia. A CT and CT-angiogram of her head and neck were obtained demonstrating intravascular air emboli within the left middle cerebral artery (MCA branches. She was emergently taken for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT. Evaluation for origin of the air embolus revealed an air focus along the left lower pulmonary vein. Over the course of 48 hours, her symptoms significantly improved. Conclusion. This unique case details an immunocompromised patient with pulmonary aspergillosis cavitary lesions that invaded into a pulmonary vein and caused a cerebral air embolism. With cerebral air embolisms, the acute treatment option differs from the typical ischemic stroke pathway and the provider should consider emergent HBOT. This case highlights the importance of considering atypical causes of acute ischemic stroke.
Regional Cerebral Perfusion in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
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Lee, Won Yong; Lee, Ki Hyeong; Yoon, Byung Woo; Lee, Sang Bok; Jeon, Beom S. [Samsung Medical Center, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Kyung Han; Lee, Myung Chul [Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a Parkinson-plus syndrome characterized clinically by supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, axial rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and dementia. Presence of dementia and lack of cortical histopathology suggest the derangement of cortical function by pathological changes in subcortical structures in PSP, which is supported by the pattern of behavioral changes and measurement of brain metabolism using positron emission tomography. This study was done to examine whether there are specific changes of regional cerebral perfusion in PSP and whether there is a correlation between severity of motor abnormaility and degree of changes in cerebral perfusion. We measured regional cerebral perfusion indices in 5 cortical and 2 subcortical areas in 6 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PSP and 6 healthy age and sex matched controls using Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT. Compared with age and sex matched controls, only superior frontal regional perfusion index was significantly decreased in PSP (p<0.05). There was no correlation between the severity of the motor abnormality and any of the regional cerebral perfusion indices (p>0.05). We affirm the previous reports that perfusion in superior frontal cortex is decreased in PSP. Based on our results that there was no correlation between severity of motor abnormality and cerebral perfusion in the superior frontal cortex, nonmotoric symptoms including dementia needs to be looked at whether there is a correlation with the perfusion abnormality in superior frontal cortex
Gastrostomy tube feeding of children with cerebral palsy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Dahlseng, Magnus O; Andersen, Guro L; DA Graca Andrada, Maria;
To compare the prevalence of gastrostomy tube feeding (GTF) of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in six European countries.......To compare the prevalence of gastrostomy tube feeding (GTF) of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in six European countries....
Cerebral vascular effects of hypovolemia and dopamine infusions
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Holst Hahn, Gitte; Heiring, Christian; Pryds, Ole;
Despite widespread use, effects of volume boluses and dopamine in hypotensive newborn infants remain controversial. We aimed to elucidate if hypovolemia alone impairs cerebral autoregulation (CA) and if dopamine affects cerebral vasculature....
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José Luis Rivarola
Full Text Available El sistema de la conjugación "objetiva" plantea interesantesproblemas que fueron tratados en parte por K. Heger (1966 en suestudio comparativo del francés y del español. De la comparaciónse desprende, por ejemplo, que en español hay un cierto número deambigüedades que no permiten establecer un "paradigma tan completo y unívoco" como en el caso del francés. Dentro de estas ambigüedades se encuentran las que propicia el gramema se: "El morfema [gramema] se funciona no sólo como pronombre reflexivo, sinotambién como variante combinatoria del pronombre personal complemento indirecto de la tercera persona.
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袁青; 王琴玉; 冯健强; 张壮涛; 陈雪云; 靳瑞
Objective: To investigate the effects of different needle-retaining duration on cerebral hemodynamics in cerebral paralysis (CP) children.Methods: A total of 20 cases of CP children were subjected into this study.Changes of systolic peak value (Vs), blood flow velocity at the end-diastolic phase (Ved), mean velocity (Vm), pulsation index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of the cerebral hemodynamics before and after performing JIN's Three-Needling Therapy with the needles retained for 30 min (group A) and 5 min (group B) were observed by using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD).Results: After acupuncture, the blood flow in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was accelerated, and the resistance of blood vessels decreased.The effect of needle-retaining-30 min was better than that of needle-retaining-5 min.Conclusion: In treating cerebral paralysis by using JIN's Three-Needling Therapy, sufficient stimulation provided by needle remaining is an important factor for achieving satisfactory therapeutic effects.
Espacios aéreos pulmonares anormales por TCAR Abnormal air-filled spaces in the lung with HRCT
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Juan Carlos Spina (h
Full Text Available Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es revisar y dar claves para el diagnóstico de las distintas entidades que se presentan como espacios aéreos pulmonares anormales. Material y métodos: Se analizaron en forma retrospectiva los archivos de TCAR de nuestra institución con diagnóstico de espacios aéreos pulmonares anormales. En todos los casos se evaluó la localización, número (único o múltiples, grosor parietal y alteraciones parenquimatosas y mediastínicas asociadas y se los agrupo de acuerdo con su asociación con distintas enfermedades. Resultados: En base a las características topográficas, los espacios aéreos anormales fueron agrupados en: etiología infecciosa (tuberculosis, neumonía por Pneumocistis jiroveci, aspergilosis, hidatidosis, neumonía cavitada, absceso y neumatocele, enfermedades que producen bronquiectasias (fibrosis quística, síndrome de Kartagener, aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica, vasculitis ( granulomatosis de wegener y artritis reumatoidea, enfisema, neoplasias no primitivas (metástasis cavitadas, tumores primarios (carcinoma epidermoide y bronquioloalveolar y otras (linfangioleiomiomatosis, histiocitosis de células de Langerhans, secuestro pulmonar y malformación adenoidea quística. Conclusión: Los espacios aéreos pulmonares anormales son un hallazgo frecuente en los estudios por TCAR. Teniendo en cuenta cierta característica de los mismos, es posible arribar a un diagnóstico probable en la mayoría de los casos.Objetive: The purpose of this paper is to review and give some clues for the diagnosis of the many entities that present as abnormal air spaces at HRCT. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the archives of HRCT of our institution with diagnosis of different entities that presented with abnormal air spaces. In all cases we evaluated the location, number (unique o multiple, parietal thickness and concomitant compromise of parenchyma or mediastinum and we clustered
Sepsis neonatal por Estreptococos Pyogenes
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Gilberto Rodríguez-Herrera
Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino, recién nacido a término adecuado para la edad gestacional, quien nace por parto vaginal, con el antecedente de fiebre en la madre durante el periodo de postparto inmediato. Los padres consultan a los 2 días de vida pues le notan dificultad respiratoria, hipoactividad y rechazo a la leche materna. El paciente se interna y se aborda como una sepsis. Durante su estancia en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Nacional de Niños asocia fallo respiratorio que amerita ventilación mecánica asistida por varios días en diferentes ocasiones, derrame pleural exudativo, convulsiones de origen hipóxico isquémico. Con reporte de hemocultivos positivos por Estreptococos pyogenes. El Estreptococos pyogenes o estreptococo β-hemolνtico del grupo A, fue un problema en los comienzos del siglo pasado, siendo frecuente en las infecciones puerperales y del reciιn nacido. En la actualidad es un germen sumamente raro en los procesos de sepsis neonatal.2 La gravedad de la enfermedad causada por este microorganismo en el periodo neonatal varνa desde una onfalitis crónica de bajo grado a una septicemia, una meningitis fulminante y la muerte.1 El presente artículo pretende hacer un resumen del paciente, con su evolución clínica, radiológica y además ejemplificar todas las complicaciones que tuvimos con este germen tan poco frecuente en la actualidad en sepsis neonatal.
Miasis cutanea por cordylobia anthropophaga
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Alkorta Gurrutxaga Miriam
Full Text Available El incremento progresivo en el número de personas que viajan a países tropicales ha hecho que las enfermedades importadas adquieran una relevancia cada vez mayor. Las miasis (o infestaciones por larvas de moscas cutáneas se encuentran entre este tipo de enfermedades siendo especialmente frecuentes en países tropicales. A propósito de la observación de un caso de miasis cutánea masiva por Cordylobia antropophaga, que ocurrió en una mujer de 34 años de edad al volver de un viaje a Senegal, se ha efectuado una revisión de los casos de miasis cutáneas forunculoides importadas publicados en España, así como de la biología, patología, tratamiento y prevención de la miasis humana por Cordylobia anthropophaga. El caso referido, se caracterizó por la infestación con un número inusualmente elevado de larvas, no sospechándose su etiología hasta la fase final de la enfermedad. La emergencia continuada de larvas (se recogieron 91 generó en la paciente un estado de ansiedad importante. Finalmente, la eliminación de las larvas provocó una rápida mejoría de la paciente. Aunque los casos de miasis cutánea no tienen la gravedad de otras enfermedades importadas, su conocimiento es necesario desde el punto de vista preventivo, diagnóstico y terapeútico. Es importante proceder a la identificación morfológica de las larvas diferenciándolas de otro tipo de miasis con implicaciones terapéuticas diferentes.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Two Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
Garcia-Carreira, M. C.; D. Cánovas Vergé; Branera, J.; Zauner, M.; J. Estela Herrero; E. Tió; G. Ribera Perpinyà
Although few patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension develop cerebral venous thrombosis, the association between these two entities seems too common to be simply a coincidental finding. We describe two cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension associated with cerebral venous thrombosis. In one case, extensive cerebral venous thrombosis involved the superior sagittal sinus and multiple cortical cerebral veins. In the other case, only a right frontoparietal cortical vein was invo...
An Adult Case of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presenting with Cerebral Edema
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Barış Akıncı
Full Text Available Cerebral edema is a life-threatening complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA which may predominantly develop in pediatric cases during the management of DKA.. Symptomatic cerebral edema in children is rarely detected at admission, before initiation of the treatment. Cerebral edema associated with DKA is extremely rare in adults. Here, we report an adult patient with DKA who presented with symptomatic cerebral edema. Turk Jem 2009; 13: 16-8
Nitric oxide increases carbon monoxide production by piglet cerebral microvessels
Leffler, Charles W.; Balabanova, Liliya; Fedinec, Alexander L.; Parfenova, Helena
Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) can be involved in regulation of cerebral circulation. Inhibition of production of either one of these gaseous intercellular messengers inhibits newborn pig cerebral arteriolar dilation to the excitatory amino acid glutamate. Glutamate can increase NO production. Therefore, the present study tests the hypothesis that NO, which is increased by glutamate, stimulates the production of CO by cerebral microvessels. Experiments used freshly isolated cerebr...
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging in cerebral ischemia
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In-vivo proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to detect changes in cerebral metabolism during ischemia and other types of metabolic stress. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in an animal model to observe morphological alterations during focal cerebral ischemia. Spectroscopy was performed in animal models with global ischemia, in volunteers during hyperventilation and pharmaco-logically altered cerebral perfusion, and in patients with acute and prolonged focal cerebral ischemia. (author). 396 refs.; 44 figs.; 14 tabs
An Adult Case of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presenting with Cerebral Edema
Barış Akıncı; Abdurrahman Çömlekçi; Serkan Yener; Süleyman Men
Cerebral edema is a life-threatening complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) which may predominantly develop in pediatric cases during the management of DKA.. Symptomatic cerebral edema in children is rarely detected at admission, before initiation of the treatment. Cerebral edema associated with DKA is extremely rare in adults. Here, we report an adult patient with DKA who presented with symptomatic cerebral edema. Turk Jem 2009; 13: 16-8
The value of computed tomography in cerebral syphilis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The computed tomographic findings of three patients with cerebral syphilis, including cerebral gumma, which regressed completely under penicillin therapy, syphilitic angiitis with cerebral infarction, and syphilitic cerebral atrophy, are reported CT is unable to provide specific diagnostic data for these conditions. The etiology can be clarified only by taking into consideration the clinical findings and course, the serological results, and the result of therapy. (orig.)
Cerebritis: An unusual complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Majumdar Mainak; Simes David; Prabha Ramesh
Cerebritis is part of a continuum of brain infection and is difficult to diagnose. Cerebritis caused by Klebsiella in immunocompetent adults without predisposing factors such as neurosurgery or penetrating brain injury has not been reported before. We report a case of Klebsiella cerebritis in an adult patient with a proven extracranial focus of infection. We suggest considering cerebritis as a differential diagnosis for altered level of consciousness in patients of severe sepsis, even if ...
Relationship between cerebral sodium-glucose transporter and hyperglycemia in cerebral ischemia.
Yamazaki, Yui; Harada, Shinichi; Tokuyama, Shogo
Post-ischemic hyperglycemia exacerbates the development of cerebral ischemia. To elucidate this exacerbation mechanism, we focused on sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) as a mediator that lead hyperglycemia to cerebral ischemia. SGLT transport glucose into the cell, together with sodium ion, using the sodium concentration gradient. We have previously reported that suppression of cerebral SGLT ameliorates cerebral ischemic neuronal damage. However, detail relationship cerebral between SGLT and post-ischemic hyperglycemia remain incompletely defined. Therefore, we examined the involvement of cerebral SGLT on cerebral ischemic neuronal damage with or without hyperglycemic condition. Cell survival rate of primary cultured neurons was assessed by biochemical assay. A mouse model of focal ischemia was generated using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neuronal damage was assessed with histological and behavioral analyses. Concomitant hydrogen peroxide/glucose treatment exacerbated hydrogen peroxide alone-induced cell death. Although a SGLT family-specific inhibitor, phlorizin had no effect on developed hydrogen peroxide alone-induced cell death, it suppressed cell death induced by concomitant hydrogen peroxide/glucose treatment. α-MG induced a concentration-dependent and significant decrease in neuronal survival. PHZ administered on immediately after reperfusion had no effect, but PHZ given at 6h after reperfusion had an effect. Our in vitro study indicates that SGLT is not involved in neuronal cell death in non-hyperglycemic condition. We have already reported that post-ischemic hyperglycemia begins to develop at 6h after MCAO. Therefore, current our in vivo study show post-ischemic hyperglycemic condition may be necessary for the SGLT-mediated exacerbation of cerebral ischemic neuronal damage. PMID:26254165
Computerized tomographic evaluation of cerebral cysticercosis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cerebral cysticercosis, unfortunately frequent in Korea, is a parastic disease in which man serve as the intermediate host of taenia solium. The larvae have a predilection for the central nervous system and can cause a variety of neurologic symptoms. The authors reviewed 19 cases of surgically proven cerebral cysticercosis and following results were obtained. 1. The most frequent age distribution was 5th and 6th decade and male to female ratio was 14:5. 2. The most frevalent involving site was cerebral parenchyme and following by ventricles. 3. Clinical manifestations were symtom and sign of increased ICP, seizure and focal neurological dificit. 4. It was assumed that computerized tomography was the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of these parasitic brain disease.
Contrast MR imaging of acute cerebral infarction
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Thirty patients with acute and subacute cerebral infarction (13 and 17 deep cerebral infarction) were studied with 0.5 T MR unit before and after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA. Thirteen patients were studied within 7 days after neurological ictus, 17 patients were studied between 7 and 14 days. Two types of abnormal enhancement, cortical arterial and parenchymal enhancement, were noted. The former was seen in 3 of 4 cases of very acute cortical infarction within 4 days after clinical ictus. The latter was detected in all 7 cases of cortical infarction after the 6th day of the ictus, and one patient with deep cerebral infarction at the 12th day of the ictus. Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging seems to detect gyral enhancement earlier compared with contrast CT, and depict intra-arterial sluggish flow which was not expected to see on contrast CT scans. (author)
Cerebral Malaria in Children: a Case Report
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K Keshavarz
Full Text Available Background: Malaria is an acute and chronic illness characterized by paroxysms of fever, chills, sweating, fatigue, anemia, and splenomegaly. Most malarial deaths occur in infants and young children. Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria and is associated with more intense parasitemia. A manifestation of severe disease most common in young children includes cerebral malaria. Mortality rate of cerebral malaria is 20 to 40%. Malaria acquired in P. falciparum areas with known chloroquine resistance or where there is any malaria hotline should generally be treated with drugs other than chloroquine. In this paper we introduce a case of cerebral malaria from Zahedan/Iran. Case report: A 13-year old girl is presented with fever, jaundice, pallor and seizure. She was treated initially with chloroquine and premaquine. During treatment she developed convulsions with decreased level of consciousness. Suspecting chloroquine resistance this was substituted by quinine. After three days, she recovered completely and blood smear was free of parasites
Neurociências, neurocultura e autoajuda cerebral
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Francisco Ortega
Full Text Available Este artigo pretende analisar o fenômeno denominado de neuroascese, ou autoajuda cerebral no contexto do crescente impacto das neurociências e do surgimento da neurocultura e do sujeito cerebral. Para tanto, é importante compreender o âmbito sóciocultural mais amplo no qual a neuroascese se insere e que corresponde ao que vem se chamando de 'cultura somática' ou, mais especificamente, de biossociabilidade. O objetivo do artigo é explorar como uma forma de subjetividade reducionista, o sujeito cerebral, dá lugar à aparição de práticas de si cerebrais, isto é, práticas de como agir sobre o cérebro para maximizar a sua performance, que levam a formação de novas formas de sociabilidade.
Computerized tomographic evaluation of cerebral cysticercosis
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Kim, Bo Young; Lee, Mi Sook; Jeon, Doo Sung; Kim, Hong Soo; Rhee, Hak Song [Precbyterian Medical Center, Chonju (Korea, Republic of)
Cerebral cysticercosis, unfortunately frequent in Korea, is a parastic disease in which man serve as the intermediate host of taenia solium. The larvae have a predilection for the central nervous system and can cause a variety of neurologic symptoms. The authors reviewed 19 cases of surgically proven cerebral cysticercosis and following results were obtained. 1. The most frequent age distribution was 5th and 6th decade and male to female ratio was 14:5. 2. The most frevalent involving site was cerebral parenchyme and following by ventricles. 3. Clinical manifestations were symtom and sign of increased ICP, seizure and focal neurological dificit. 4. It was assumed that computerized tomography was the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of these parasitic brain disease.
Assessment of the hand in cerebral palsy
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Praveen Bhardwaj
Full Text Available Cerebral palsy is the musculoskeletal manifestation of a nonprogressive central nervous system lesion that usually occurs due to a perinatal insult to the brain. Though the cerebral insult is static the musculoskeletal pathology is progressive. Some patients with cerebral palsy whose hands are affected can be made better by surgery. The surgical procedures as such are not very technically demanding but the assessment, decision-making, and selecting the procedures for the given patient make this field challenging. When done well, the results are rewarding not only in terms of improvement in hand function but also in appearance and personal hygiene, which leads to better self-image and permits better acceptance in the society. This article focuses on the clinical examination, patient selection, and decision-making while managing these patients.
Brain protection therapy in acute cerebral infarction.
Katsura, Ken-ichiro; Suda, Satoshi; Abe, Arata; Kanamaru, Takuya; Toda, Yusuke; Katayama, Yasuo
Many drugs for cerebral infarction that were shown to be effective in animal experiments have shown negative results in human clinical trials. For this reason, a completely new approach is needed to develop brain protection therapies against cerebral infarction. Brain protection therapies can be categorized into 3 types: 1) lengthening the therapeutic time window for thrombolytic therapy, 2) reducing the side effects of thrombolytic therapy, and 3) brain protection drug therapy for patients with contraindications for thrombolytic therapy (including combination therapy). Here, we show our recent results of brain protection therapy. First, combination therapy with 2 effective drugs was tried, and time-lag administration was performed. Combination therapy was effective and lengthened the therapeutic time window. Next, a completely new approach to improve cerebral ischemic damage, namely, H2 gas inhalation therapy, was tried. This therapy was also effective, even in the ischemic core. PMID:22687352
Renovascular hypertension causes cerebral vascular remodeling
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Yamei Tang; Xiangpen Li; Yi Li; Qingyu Shen; Xiaoming Rong; Ruxun Huang; Ying Peng
Renovascular hypertensive rats (RHRs) were developed using the 2-kidney, 2-clip method. All RHRs at 10 weeks displayed high permeability of the cerebral surface blood vessels. Vascular casts of the RHRs showed that the vascular network was sparse. The arterioles of the RHRs at 10 weeks had smaller lumen diameters, but thicker vessel walls with hyalinosis formation compared with control animals. The endothelial cell membrane appeared damaged, and microthrombus formed. After ischemia, the infarction size was larger in RHRs than in control animals. These results suggest that cerebral arterioles in RHRs underwent structural remodeling. High blood pressure may aggravate the severity of brain injury in cerebral ischemia and affect the recovery of ischemia.
Descifrando el ruido del cerebro: Actividad cerebral espontánea
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Carlos González-García
Full Text Available La actividad basal del cerebro ha sido conceptualizada tradicionalmente como "ruido". Sin embargo, el avance en los métodos de análisis de neuroimagen ha permitido descifrar patrones coherentes de actividad en este estado de 'reposo'. Estos patrones, lejos de ser aleatorios, parecen corresponderse en parte con los sistemas cerebrales clásicos, lo que sugiere que nos encontramos ante un funcionamiento 'por defecto' de distintas redes cerebrales. Esta Función Cerebral por Defecto facilitaría nuestra adaptación al medio mediante una constante predicción y sincronización con el mismo.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
彭新琦; 曹苏谊; 可君
In order to investigate the mechanisms of acute cerebral ischemia,and to look for effective drugs on cerebral resuscitation,we made a model of acute complete global brain ischemia,reperfusion and resuscita-tion on rats according to Garavilla's method.Our results showed that the event of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury could result in the in-crease of total brain calcium content,and anisodamine has the same reducing brain calcium contents as dil-tiazem's,while improving neurological outcome and alleviating injury to neurons.
Studies of cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen metabolism, cerebral glucose metabolism, and tissue pH in human acute cerebral infarction using positron emission tomography
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This preliminary PET study was designed to investigate physiological and biochemical changes in acute cerebral infarction by positron emission tomography (PET). PET studies were performed in six patients with acute cerebral infarction within 48 hours after onset of stroke using continuous inhalation of C15O2 for cerebral blood flow (CBF), 15O2 for cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), 11CO for cerebral blood volume, the intravenous injection of 11C-dimethyloxazolidinedione for tissue pH and the intravenous injection of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlu). Metabolic coupling index (MCI) image was made from CBF image and CMRGlu image to investigate relation between CBF and CMRGlu. Aslo oxygen glucose index (OGI) image was made from CMRO2 image and CMRG lu image to investigate relation between CMRO2 and CMRGlu. Preliminary resul ts demonstrate that reduction of CBF, CMRO2, and CMRGlu in the affected co rtex except for reperfusion case. Increase of OER was recognized four of six cases. Patterns of MCI and OGI in the cortex which CMRO2 value is less than 65 μmol/100g/min were different from those in the cortex which CMRO2 value is more than 65. MCI of the affected cortex (CMRO22>=65). OGI of the affected cortex (CMRO22>=65). Two patients showed decrease of tissue pH and reperfusion case showed increase of tissue pH in infarcted area as compared to contralateral cortex. In addition it was suggested that threshold of CBF for tissue pH was approximately 14ml/100g/min. (J.P.N.)
Normal cerebral FDG uptake during childhood
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London, Kevin [The Children' s Hospital at Westmead, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, NSW (Australia); University of Sydney, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW (Australia); Howman-Giles, Robert [The Children' s Hospital at Westmead, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, NSW (Australia); University of Sydney, Disciplines of Imaging and Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW (Australia)
Current understanding of cerebral FDG uptake during childhood originates from a small number of studies in patients with neurological abnormalities. Our aim was to describe cerebral FDG uptake in a dataset of FDG PET scans in children more likely to represent a normal population. We reviewed cerebral FDG PET scans in children up to 16 years of age with suspected/proven extracranial malignancies and the following exclusions: central nervous system metastases, previous malignancies, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, development of cerebral metastases during therapy, neurological conditions, taking antiepileptic medication or medications likely to interfere with cerebral metabolism, and general anaesthesia within 24 h. White matter, basal ganglia, thalamus and the cerebellar cortex were analysed using regional SUV{sub max}, and the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum were analysed using a regional relative uptake analysis in comparison to maximal cortical uptake. Scans from 30 patients (age range 11 months to 16 years, mean age 10 years 5 months) were included. All regions showed increasing SUV{sub max} with age. The parietal, occipital, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobes showed lower rates of increasing FDG uptake causing changing patterns of regional FDG uptake during childhood. The cortical regions showing the most intense uptake in early childhood were the parietal and occipital lobes. At approximately 7 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the frontal lobes and at approximately 10 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the thalamus. Relative FDG uptake in the brain has not reached an adult pattern by 1 year of age, but continues to change up to 16 years of age. The changing pattern is due to different regional rates of increasing cortical FDG uptake, which is less rapid in the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes than in the frontal lobes. (orig.)
Normal cerebral FDG uptake during childhood
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Current understanding of cerebral FDG uptake during childhood originates from a small number of studies in patients with neurological abnormalities. Our aim was to describe cerebral FDG uptake in a dataset of FDG PET scans in children more likely to represent a normal population. We reviewed cerebral FDG PET scans in children up to 16 years of age with suspected/proven extracranial malignancies and the following exclusions: central nervous system metastases, previous malignancies, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, development of cerebral metastases during therapy, neurological conditions, taking antiepileptic medication or medications likely to interfere with cerebral metabolism, and general anaesthesia within 24 h. White matter, basal ganglia, thalamus and the cerebellar cortex were analysed using regional SUVmax, and the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum were analysed using a regional relative uptake analysis in comparison to maximal cortical uptake. Scans from 30 patients (age range 11 months to 16 years, mean age 10 years 5 months) were included. All regions showed increasing SUVmax with age. The parietal, occipital, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobes showed lower rates of increasing FDG uptake causing changing patterns of regional FDG uptake during childhood. The cortical regions showing the most intense uptake in early childhood were the parietal and occipital lobes. At approximately 7 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the frontal lobes and at approximately 10 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the thalamus. Relative FDG uptake in the brain has not reached an adult pattern by 1 year of age, but continues to change up to 16 years of age. The changing pattern is due to different regional rates of increasing cortical FDG uptake, which is less rapid in the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes than in the frontal lobes. (orig.)
Radiologic manifestations of focal cerebral hyperemia in acute stroke
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Olsen, T S; Skriver, E B; Herning, M
In 16 acute stroke patients with focal cerebral hyperemia angiography and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were studied 1 to 4 days post stroke. CT was performed twice with and without contrast enhancement 3 +/- 1 days and 16 +/- 4 days post stroke. Angiographic evidence of focal cerebral hype...
Mental Imagery Abilities in Adolescents with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy
Courbois, Yanick; Coello, Yann; Bouchart, Isabelle
Four visual imagery tasks were presented to three groups of adolescents with or without spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. The first group was composed of six adolescents with cerebral palsy who had associated visual-perceptual deficits (CP-PD), the second group was composed of five adolescents with cerebral palsy and no associated visual-perceptual…
Recirculation usually precedes malignant edema in middle cerebral artery infarcts
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nielsen, T H; Ståhl, N; Schalén, W;
In patients with large middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts, maximum brain swelling leading to cerebral herniation and death usually occurs 2-5 days after onset of stroke. The study aimed at exploring the pattern of compounds related to cerebral energy metabolism in infarcted brain tissue....
Clinical significance of urine ferritin in patients with cerebral infarction
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Objective To find an indicator in urine to assist diagnosis of cerebral infarction,we investigated the changes of urine ferritin in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Collected serum from 30 healthy volunteers and 53 patients with cerebral infarction (CI) ,with ratio ofmales to females
Anormalidades de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral em indivíduos dependentes de cocaína Cerebral blood flow abnormalities in cocaine dependent subjects
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Sergio Nicastri
Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos anos, tem havido relatos de anormalidades do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em indivíduos com o abuso de cocaína, detectadas por meio de tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (SPECT. Esse padrão anormal de perfusão cerebral tem sido associado a prejuízos cognitivos mas não a alterações observáveis por meio de exames de neuroimagem estrutural. Um problema envolvendo a maioria dos trabalhos publicados sobre esse tema é a inclusão de um grande número de usuários de heroína nas amostras estudadas. Essa outra droga também parece afetar o padrão de perfusão cerebral, particularmente durante estados de abstinência. MÉTODOS: Quatorze pacientes dependentes de cocaína (nenhum com uso de opióides e 14 voluntários normais (grupo controle foram submetidos a exames de SPECT com dímero de etil-cisteína marcado com tecnécio-99m. A análise dos exames de SPECT foi realizada por meio de análise visual qualitativa das imagens obtidas (procedimento padrão na prática clínica, realizada por um radiologista não informado sobre o diagnóstico dos indivíduos avaliados. RESULTADOS: A análise visual revelou um padrão sugestivo de irregularidades do fluxo sangüíneo cerebral em nove pacientes, mas em apenas dois controles (p = 0,018; teste exato de Fisher bicaudal. CONCLUSÕES: Anormalidades de circulação cerebral podem ter relação com prejuízos cognitivos relatados em populações de dependentes de cocaína. Embora déficits de perfusão cerebral associados ao uso de cocaína possam ser irreversíveis, têm surgido relatos na literatura de tratamentos para essas anormalidades de fluxo sangüíneo. Alterações de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral associadas à dependência de cocaína ocorrem mesmo na ausência de abuso ou dependência de opióides.INTRODUCTION: In the last years, there have been reports of abnormalities in brain blood flow of cocaine abusers, detected by single photon computed
Locations of cerebral infarctions in tuberculous meningitis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The locations of cerebral infarctions were studied in 14 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and 173 patients with noninflammatory ischemic stroke (IS). In patients with TBM, 75% of infarctions occurred in the 'TB zone' supplied by medial striate and thalamoperforating arteries; only 11% occurred in the 'IS zone' supplied by lateral striate, anterior choroidal and thalamogeniculate arteries. In patients with IS, 29% of infarctions occurred in the IS zone, 29% in the subcortical white matter, and 24% in (or involving) the cerebral cortex. Only 11% occurred in the TB zone. Bilaterally symmetrical infarctions of the TB zone were common with TBM (71%) but rare with IS (5%). (orig.)
Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation and Dysautoregulation.
Armstead, William M
This article provides a review of cerebral autoregulation, particularly as it relates to the clinician scientist experienced in neuroscience in anesthesia and critical care. Topics covered are biological mechanisms; methods used for assessment of autoregulation; effects of anesthetics; role in control of cerebral hemodynamics in health and disease; and emerging areas, such as role of age and sex in contribution to dysautoregulation. Emphasis is placed on bidirectional translational research wherein the clinical informs the study design of basic science studies, which, in turn, informs the clinical to result in development of improved therapies for treatment of central nervous system conditions. PMID:27521192
Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Southern Denmark
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Frøslev-Friis, Christina; Dunkhase-Heinl, Ulrike; Andersen, Johnny Dohn Holmgren;
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, subtypes, severity and neuroimaging findings of cerebral palsy (CP) in a cohort of children born in Southern Denmark. Risk factors were analysed and aetiology considered. METHODS: A population-based cohort study covering 17....... Primary prevention of CP is possible if the numbers of preterm births and multiple pregnancies can be reduced. FUNDING: The Danish Cerebral Palsy Follow-up Programme is supported by the foundation "Ludvig og Sara Elsass Fond". TRIAL REGISTRATION: 2008-58-0034....
Education and employment prospects in cerebral palsy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Michelsen, Susan Ishøy; Uldall, Peter; Kejs, Anne Mette T;
Parents and paediatric neurologists need information on the long-term social prognosis of children with cerebral palsy (CP). No large population-based study has been performed on this topic. On 31 December 1999, to find predictors in childhood of subsequent education and employment, 819...... participants with CP born between 1965 and 1978 (471 males; mean age 28y 10 mo, SD 4y, range 21 to 35y) in the Danish Cerebral Palsy Registry were compared with 4406 controls without CP born between 1965 and 1978 (2546 males; mean age 28y 10 mo, SD 4y, range 21 to 35y). Diagnostic subtypes of the 819...
Scheglov, D.; Zagorodniy, V.
The objective — to learn the features of the cerebral arteriovenous malformations (АVМ) endovascular treatment in children. Materials and methods. Totally 39 children with cerebral AVMs were treated at the center from 2005 to 2012. The average age of the patients (12.6 ± 1.2) years. It was found that the most of AVMs were occurred in temporoparietal subcortical area — 46.2 % cases. Results. Small size of AVMs were detected in 15.4 % of patients, the middle — in 33.3 %, the large — in 38.5 %, ...
Reversible cerebral vasconstriction syndrome: A case report
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Lee, Jeong Sub; Park, Ji Kang; Kim, Seung Hyoung; Jeong, Sun Young [Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju (Korea, Republic of)
We report a 46-year-old woman patient with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). She presented with severe headache, multiple cerebral infarction, and multifocal severe stenosis in the intracranial arteries on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). One month after the episode, a small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was incidentally detected during the evaluation of severe anemia and GIST was removed. Follow-up MRA was performed 3 months and 1 year after an initial attack of headache, and multifocal severe intracranial arterial stenotic lesions were completely resolved, she did not experience any episode of RCVS during the 2 years.
Radiotherapy for Small Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation
Yamashita, Tetsuo; Kurokawa, Yasushi; Kashiwagi, Shiro; Abiko, Seisho; Shiroyama, Yujiro; Kamiryo, Toshifumi; Nakano, Shigeki; Eguchi, Yuuki; Tsurutani, Toru; Ito, Haruhide
The result of two types of radiation therapy for small cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) were analyzed, and the indications and limitations of radiation therapy for small AVMs discussed. Four patients with small AVMs received radiation therapy. There were three males and one female, ranging in age from 7 to 44 years with an average of 29 years. One cerebral AVM was located in the right thalamus, two were in the left central sulcus and one was in the left parietal lobe. Three AVMs wer...
Experimental thrombolysis of middle cerebral artery thromboemboli
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Since the majority of ischaemic cerebral infarcts is caused by thromboemboli, we determined the benefit of firbrinolytic therapy in acute stroke. Thromboemboli were induced in the middle cerebral artery of 21 dogs. Urokinase was started at different time intervals after infarction (1, 3 and 5 hours) at a rate of 1000 IU/kg/min. Angiographically controlled thrombolysis was achieved in all 15 treated cases, whereas in the control group (n=6) no case of recanalisation was observed. Systemic fibrinolysis occurred in all cases. Postmortem examinations of the brains showed no intracerebral haemorrhages. Our findings indicate the urokinase treatment may be of value in acute ischaemic stroke. (orig.)
Functional stability of cerebral circulatory system
Moskalenko, Y. Y.
The functional stability of the cerebral circulation system seems to be based on the active mechanisms and on those stemming from specific of the biophysical structure of the system under study. This latter parameter has some relevant criteria for its quantitative estimation. The data obtained suggest that the essential part of the mechanism for active responses of cerebral vessels which maintains the functional stability of this portion of the vascular system, consists of a neurogenic component involving central nervous structures localized, for instance, in the medulla oblongata.
Neurociências, neurocultura e autoajuda cerebral
Francisco Ortega
Este artigo pretende analisar o fenômeno denominado de neuroascese, ou autoajuda cerebral no contexto do crescente impacto das neurociências e do surgimento da neurocultura e do sujeito cerebral. Para tanto, é importante compreender o âmbito sóciocultural mais amplo no qual a neuroascese se insere e que corresponde ao que vem se chamando de 'cultura somática' ou, mais especificamente, de biossociabilidade. O objetivo do artigo é explorar como uma forma de subjetividade reducionista, o sujeito...
Agujeros negros vistos por fuera y por dentro
Janssen, Bert
La Relatividad General es la teoría moderna de la gravedad, que corrige los problemas que surgen con la gravedad descrita por Newton. Explicaremos porque la gravedad newtoniana es incompatible con la Relatividad Especial y cual es la solución que propone Einstein: la gravedad como una manifestación del espacio curvo. Hablaremos brevemente de los fenómenos que surgen de la Relatividad General, como los agujeros negros, las ondas gravitacionales y la cosmología.
Desajuste educativo por regiones en Colombia: ¿competencia por salarios o por puestos de trabajo?
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Castillo Caicedo Maribel
Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta una perspectiva del fenómeno de la sobreeducación,
entendida como un desajuste por exceso, entre el nivel educativo alcanzado
por el individuo y el exigido por el puesto de trabajo en el cual se
desempeña; esto se debe a que existe una demanda laboral estrecha de
puestos de trabajo para personas calificadas en Colombia. Se analizan las
contribuciones empíricas existentes y el debate sobre las mismas; se
examinan las teorías que permiten explicar la existencia de un desajuste
educativo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura internacional y
nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se plantean una serie de hipótesis
para desarrollar un esquema que permita determinar el comportamiento
del individuo en el fenómeno de la sobreeducación.
Carotid angioplasty with cerebral protection
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
stenosis persisted and in 1 patient, a 30 % residual stenosis was detected. In 15 patients, CAS was performed without complications, in one patient the hyperperfusion syndrome occurred and in one periprocedural stroke occurred. Conclusions. According to our initial experience on 17 patients CAS could gain more importance in stroke prevention with proper selection of patients with brain ischemia and improved cerebral protection during procedure. (author)
Regulatory mechanism of endothelin receptor B in the cerebral arteries after focal cerebral ischemia
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Grell, Anne-Sofie; Thigarajah, Rushani; Edvinsson, Lars;
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increased expression of endothelin receptor type B (ETBR), a vasoactive receptor, has recently been implied in the reduced cerebral blood flow and exacerbated neuronal damage after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The study explores the regulatory mechanisms of ETBR to identify...... drug targets to restore normal cerebral artery contractile function as part of successful neuroprotective therapy. METHODS: We have employed in vitro methods on human and rat cerebral arteries to study the regulatory mechanisms and the efficacy of target selective inhibitor, Mithramycin A (MitA), to...... arteries. RESULTS: Increased expression of specificity protein (Sp1) was observed in human and rat cerebral arteries after organ culture, strongly correlating with the ETBR upregulation. Similar observations were made in MCAO rats. Treatment with MitA, a Sp1 specific inhibitor, significantly downregulated...
Cerebral blood flow in humans following resuscitation from cardiac arrest
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cerebral blood flow was measured by xenon-133 washout in 13 patients 6-46 hours after being resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Patients regaining consciousness had relatively normal cerebral blood flow before regaining consciousness, but all patients who died without regaining consciousness had increased cerebral blood flow that appeared within 24 hours after resuscitation (except in one patient in whom the first measurement was delayed until 28 hours after resuscitation, by which time cerebral blood flow was increased). The cause of the delayed-onset increase in cerebral blood flow is not known, but the increase may have adverse effects on brain function and may indicate the onset of irreversible brain damage
Delayed gastric emptying time in adult cerebral falciparum malaria
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M.K. Mohapatra , P.C. Dash , S.C. Mohapatro & R.N. Mishra
Full Text Available Objective: We hypothesize that upper gastrointestinal symptoms in cerebral malaria are due to gastric motordysfunction. But gastric motility studies in cerebral malaria are scarce.Methods: We determined gastric emptying half-time (GET½ of liquid meals quantitatively by radio isotopescintigraphy in 25 patients of cerebral malaria and 10 healthy controls.Results: GET½ was prolonged (46.5 ± 4.8 min significantly (p <0.001 in patients of cerebral malaria comparedto healthy controls (27.6 ± 5.3 min.Conclusion: Cerebral malaria can cause prolongation of gastric emptying time of liquid foods.
Tuberculosis: an uncommon cause of cerebral venous thrombosis? Tuberculose: uma causa rara de trombose venosa cerebral?
José Antonio Fiorot Júnior; André Carvalho Felício; Márcia Mauimi Fukujima; Celso Arraes Rodrigues; Vânia Maria Morelli; Dayse Maria Lourenço; Gilmar Fernandes do Prado
Several infectious etiologies are related to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), but a review of literature showed only few cases related to tuberculosis (TB), and only one with neurological manifestations.We report an unusual case of CVT related to TB and mutation in prothrombin gene. A 38-man black presented abrupt right hemiparestesis, and hemiparesis. Investigations revealed CVT. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) examination evidenced a infection by Mycobacterium. He was heterozygous for G20210A ...
What is cerebral palsy - new advances in treatment of cerebral palsy?
Perat, Milivoj Veličković
Abstract. Cerebral palsy is the most frequent motorimpairment in childhood. In many countries, its prevalence is predicted toincrease. There are an estimated 15 million people with cerebral palsy aroundthe world and more than half of them are mentally retarded and one third haveepilepsy. It should be seen that it is more than merely a motor disorder. Therecan be problems of development, perceptual-cognitive impairment, social andfunctional problems of daily living, emotional and behavioural p...
Immunocompetent young man with cerebral abscess and cortical venous infarction mimicking cerebritis caused by Gemella morbillorum
Milnik, Annette; Gazis, Angelos; Tammer, Ina; Bartels, Claudius
Gemella morbillorum is an anaerobic gram-positive diplococcus and in most cases a harmless commensal, which occasionally causes infections in the central nervous system. We report on an immunocompetent young man with focal neurological symptoms and cephalgia caused by a cerebral abscess. Although successful treatment was done with neurosurgical intervention and antibiotic therapy, he suffered from a venous infarction 5 weeks after first diagnosis, which mimicked cerebritis as an early stage o...
Studies of cerebral atrophy and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Parkinson's disease
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cerebral atrophy and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of 25 patients with Parkinson's disease were studied. The rCBF was measured with the intra-arterial Xe-133 injection method. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Sixty four % of Parkinson's disease patients showed ventricular dilation, and 76% of Parkinson's disease patients showed cortical atrophy on the CT scan, but we had to allow for the effects of the natural aging process on these results. 2) No correlation was recognized either between cerebral atrophy and the severity of Parkinson's disease, or between cerebral atrophy and the duration of Parkinson's disease. 3) In Parkinson's disease patients, the mean rCBF was lower than that of normal control subjects. The difference was even more remarkable in older patients. Only 40% of Parkinson's disease patients showed hyperfrontal pattern. 4) There was no correlation either between the mean rCBF and the severity of Parkinson's disease, or between the mean rCBF and the duration of Parkinson's disease. There was no significant difference between the mean rCBF of Parkinson's disease patients receiving levodopa and that of untreated patients. 5) The mean rCBF decreased in patients with cerebral atrophy on the CT scan. 6) Parkinson's disease patients with intellectual impairment showed cerebral atrophy and a remarkable decrease of the mean rCBF. 7) The effect of aging on cerebral atrophy on the CT scan had to be allowed for, but judging from the decrease of the mean rCBF, the cerebral cortex is evidently involved in Parkinson's disease. 8) The rCBF decline in Parkinson's disease patients may be related with the diminished cortical metabolic rate due to a remote effect of striatal dysfunction and a disturbance of mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. (J.P.N.)
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Maria Berenice da Costa Machado
Full Text Available Diálogo entre a imagem e o slogan do anúncio publicitário "A vida por todos os lados", do jornal Zero Hora (ZH, com as características da Modernidade e da Pós-modernidade. A intenção é a refletir sobre a complexidade da comunicação institucional deste diário e sua ligação com as tendências contemporâneas.
Esta exposición es una ventana hacia el mundo de la Ciencia Ficción. Los sueños de escritores extraordinarios, personajes, lugares, máquinas y robots que cada día están más cerca de nuestra cotidianidad gracias a los avances de la ciencia y la tecnología hacen parte de la muestra itinerante por las sedes de la Universidad Nacional. El visitante puede recorrer los diferentes géneros que constituyen este género literario, además de conocer sus principales representantes. Así mismo se explor...
Miasis ocular por Oestrus ovis
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María Beltrán F
Full Text Available Se presentan tres casos de miasis ocular (dos adultos y un niñoprocedentes de zonas ganaderas de la provincia de Huaura,departamento de Lima,que acudieron al Hospital Regional de Huacho por presentar el ojo rojo,fotofobia, edema palpebral y sensación de cuerpo extraño;se extrajeron larvas adheridas al canto interno del ojo,las cuales se recibieron en el Instituto Nacional de Salud y fueron identificadas como Oestrus ovis .
Tossi, Lucía
Como aconteciera en el pasado, las mujeres de estos siglos participaban de diversas actividades científicas y técnicas, en las cuales la tradicional habilidad manual, destreza, sentido de la observación, inteligencia, imaginación y capacidad de trabajo, de los que siempre dieron pruebas, fueron ampliamente aprovechados. No obstante, salvo contadas excepciones, sólo pudieron entrar en la fortaleza del saber por la puerta del fondo. Algunas de esas mujeres, pertenecientes a las clases nobles y ...
Sepsis neonatal por Estreptococos Pyogenes
Gilberto Rodríguez-Herrera; Cinthya Ramírez-Navarro
Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino, recién nacido a término adecuado para la edad gestacional, quien nace por parto vaginal, con el antecedente de fiebre en la madre durante el periodo de postparto inmediato. Los padres consultan a los 2 días de vida pues le notan dificultad respiratoria, hipoactividad y rechazo a la leche materna. El paciente se interna y se aborda como una sepsis. Durante su estancia en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Nacional de Niños asocia fallo respir...
Hypocapnia and cerebral hypoperfusion in orthostatic intolerance
Novak, V.; Spies, J. M.; Novak, P.; McPhee, B. R.; Rummans, T. A.; Low, P. A.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Orthostatic and other stresses trigger tachycardia associated with symptoms of tremulousness, shortness of breath, dizziness, blurred vision, and, often, syncope. It has been suggested that paradoxical cerebral vasoconstriction during head-up tilt might be present in patients with orthostatic intolerance. We chose to study middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity (BFV) and cerebral vasoregulation during tilt in patients with orthostatic intolerance (OI). METHODS: Beat-to-beat BFV from the MCA, heart rate, CO2, blood pressure (BP), and respiration were measured in 30 patients with OI (25 women and 5 men; age range, 21 to 44 years; mean age, 31.3+/-1.2 years) and 17 control subjects (13 women and 4 men; age range, 20 to 41 years; mean age, 30+/-1.6 years); ages were not statistically different. These indices were monitored during supine rest and head-up tilt (HUT). We compared spontaneous breathing and hyperventilation and evaluated the effect of CO2 rebreathing in these 2 positions. RESULTS: The OI group had higher supine heart rates (Prelationships between CO2 and BFV and heart rate were well described by linear regressions, and the slope was not different between control subjects and patients with OI. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral vasoconstriction occurs in OI during orthostasis, which is primarily due to hyperventilation, causing significant hypocapnia. Hypocapnia and symptoms of orthostatic hypertension are reversible by CO2 rebreathing.
Cerebrovascular endothelin receptor upregulation in cerebral ischemia
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Edvinsson, Lars
Stroke is a serious neurological disease and the third leading cause of death in the western world. In roughly 15 % of the cases, the cause is due to an intracranial haemorrhage, and the remaining 85 % represent ischemic strokes. Ischemic stroke is caused by the occlusion of a cerebral artery eit...
Parental infertility and cerebral palsy in children
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Zhu, Jin Liang; Hvidtjørn, Dorte; Basso, Olga;
Children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) have been reported to have a higher risk of cerebral palsy (CP), perhaps due to the higher frequency of preterm birth, multiple births or vanishing embryo in the pregnancies. However, it has been suggested...
Obstruction of cerebral arteries in childhood stroke
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Middle cerebral artery obstruction in children is reviewed by our two cases. Ischemic childhood stroke was caused by moyamoya disease in the first, and by fibromuscular dysplasia in the second patient. In both cases transcranial Doppler sonography and cranial CT were performed, but the final diagnosis was made by angiography. The importance of angiography in childhood stroke is emphasized. (orig.)
SPECT analysis of recent cerebral infarction
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Raynaud, C; Rancurel, G; Tzourio, N; Soucy, J P; Baron, J C; Pappata, S; Cambon, H; Mazoyer, B; Lassen, N A; Cabanis, E
We measured regional cerebral blood flow and [123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) uptake in 16 patients with unilateral brain infarcts during the subacute period (Day 3 to Day 50) and again after 3 months. Our results show that the central and peripheral areas described earlier in the chronic period were ...
Gait Stability in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Bruijn, Sjoerd M.; Millard, Matthew; van Gestel, Leen; Meyns, Pieter; Jonkers, Ilse; Desloovere, Kaat
Children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) have several gait impairments, amongst which impaired gait stability may be one. We tested whether a newly developed stability measure (the foot placement estimator, FPE) which does not require long data series, can be used to asses gait stability in typically developing (TD) children as well as…
Thyroxine Level of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Zhang Jie
Objective:To investigate the thyroxine level of Children with cerebral palsy so as to understand thd changes of their nevous endocrine. Methods:Radioimmunoassay was applied to 57 Children with cerebral palsy and 108 normal children.The serum level of tridothyronine(T3), thyroxine(T4)free tridothyronine(FT3),free thyroxin(FT4),and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) were measured for those children in the moming and and in condition without any food Rsults: (1)Chiidren with cerebral palsy all showed low T3 values.The difference of T3 value between CP children and norrmal children was significant (P<0.001). (2)Results from groups with difference ages:the CP toddler′s age group also showed low T4 and FT4 values The difference of T4 and FT4 values between the toddler′s age CP childrengroup and the toddler′s age normal children group tegted was significant (CP<0.01 for T4, P <0. 05 for FT4): Conclusion:The tlyroxine level of children with cerebral palsy showed lower values compared to normal children, especisly, the low T3 values were significant.
Early identification and intervention in cerebral palsy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Herskind, Anna; Greisen, Gorm; Nielsen, Jens Bo
Infants with possible cerebral palsy (CP) are commonly assumed to benefit from early diagnosis and early intervention, but substantial evidence for this is lacking. There is no consensus in the literature on a definition of 'early', but this review focuses on interventions initiated within the...
Pretend Play of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Pfeifer, Luzia Iara; Pacciulio, Amanda Mota; dos Santos, Camila Abrao; dos Santos, Jair Licio; Stagnitti, Karen Ellen
Background and Purpose: Evaluate self-initiated pretend play of children with cerebral palsy. Method: Twenty preschool children participated in the study. Pretend play ability was measured by using the child-initiated pretend play assessment culturally adapted to Brazil. Results: There were significant negative correlations between the children's…
Do cerebral arteriovenous malformations increase in size?
Mendelow, A D; Erfurth, A.; Grossart, K; MacPherson, P.
Six patients are reported with cerebral arteriovenous malformations which have enlarged over follow up periods of from 4 to 20 years. The frequency of spontaneous enlargement is estimated to range from 0.2% to 2.8% per annum. This rate of enlargement should be considered when treatment options are reviewed in individual patients, and should be added to the risk of haemorrhage.
Asymptomatic cerebral hemorrhage detected by MRI
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Detection of previous cerebral infarction on CT films of patients with no history of stroke is a common occurrence. The incidence of silent cerebral infarction was reported to be about 10 to 11 percent, but very few reports concerning asymptomatic cerebral hemorrhage available. However, recent clinical application of MRI has resulted in the detection of old asymptomatic hemorrhage in patients with no history known stroke-like episodes. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the incidence, the cause and the character of the asymptomatic cerebral hemorrhage among patients who had undergone MRI examinations. From September 1987 through June 1990, 2757 patients have undergone 3474 MR scans of the brain with 1.0 Tesla Siemens Magneton unit in our hospital. Seventeen patients showed no clinical signs or symptoms suggesting a stroke episode corresponding to the detected hemorrhagic lesion. The 17 patients corresponded to 0.6% of the patients who underwent MRI, 1.5% of the patients with cerebrovascular disease and 9.5% of the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), which was rather higher than expected. Among the 17 patients, 12 were diagnosed as primary ICH and 5 as secondary ICH. Most of the primary asymptomatic hemorrhage were hypertensive ones and slit-like curvilinear lesions between the putamen and claustrum or external capsule. The secondary asymptomatic hemorrhage were due to AVM and angiomas in the frontal cortex, thalamus and pons. (author)
Cerebral Palsy Among Term and Postterm Births
J Gordon Millichap
The relation of risk of cerebral palsy (CP) with gestational age among term and postterm births was investigated by researchers at the University of Bergen, Norway, and the Epidemiology Branch, NIH, Durham, NC, using Norway's national health and insurance registries.
Management of hip posture in cerebral palsy.
Clarke, A M; Redden, J. F.
Seating arrangements for cerebral palsy children with total body involvement are often unsatisfactory and can pose considerable problems for the multi-disciplinary team. Hip joints at risk of dislocation must be kept in an abducted position in order to minimize pain. A new wheelchair with a barrel-shaped cylindrical seat has been developed which improves the femoral head location and alleviates pain.
Measurement of cerebral circulation time in man
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A simple, inexpensive method for measuring the cerebral circulation time (CCT) was developed. The CCT was considered to be equal to the time that an intravenously injected bolus of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m took to go from the subclavian artery to the posterior venous confluence. The dilution curves were externally recorded at these two vessels. Particular attenion was given to the curve treatment. The computer programmes were specially conceived in order to detect and, if possible, correct the experimental curve defects. Several reliability criteria were also defined in order to test the validity of each measurement. From a physiological point of view, the CCT is equal to the ratio of the global cerebral blood volume to the global cerebral blood flow. Thus, it can be widely applied in clinical research. For example, in a study of the relationship between CCT and age, sex and light cerebrovascular impairment, the technique was sensitive enough to discriminate between healthy subjects and patients suffering from-transient ischemic attack, or regressive stroke, and to show the action of a drug on the cerebral circulation in such patients. (orig.)
Neuronal messengers in the human cerebral circulation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gulbenkian, S; Uddman, R; Edvinsson, L
neuronal regulation of cerebral blood flow. Although little is known about the physiological actions and inter-relationships among all these putative neurotransmitters, their presence within cerebrovascular nerve fibers will make it necessary to revise our view on the mechanisms of cerebrovascular...
Human cerebral asymmetries evaluated by computed tomography
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The handedness of seventy-five persons without evidence of neurological disease, was assessed with a standardised test. An analysis of the CT scans of the same persons was performed to determine (1) presence and lateralisation of frontal and occipital 'petalia', (2) width of frontal and occipital lobes of each hemisphere, (3) direction of straight sinus deviation. Results suggest that handedness and cerebral asymmetries are independent variables. There were no significant differences between right-handers and non-right handers. Also there was no significant differences between strongly left-handed and ambidextrous individuals, nor were there differences between right-handers with or without family history of left-handedness. Irrespective of handedness, left occipital 'petalia' was more common than right (p<0.01), right frontal petalia was more common than left (p<0.01), and straight sinus deviation was more commonly toward the right. The study does not support the concept that cerebral 'symmetry' or 'reverse asymmetry' are associated with left-handedness or ambidexterity. The noted asymmetries are more likely to be direct correlates of cerebral language dominance, than of handedness. Outside forces acting on the bone may also contribute to the asymmetries. CT scan may be of value as a direct predictor of cerebral dominance. (author)
Asymptomatic cerebral hemorrhage detected by MRI
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Nakajima, Yumi; Ohsuga, Hitoshi; Yamamoto, Masahiro; Shinohara, Yukito (Tokai Univ., Isehara, Kanagawa (Japan). School of Medicine)
Detection of previous cerebral infarction on CT films of patients with no history of stroke is a common occurrence. The incidence of silent cerebral infarction was reported to be about 10 to 11 percent, but very few reports concerning asymptomatic cerebral hemorrhage available. However, recent clinical application of MRI has resulted in the detection of old asymptomatic hemorrhage in patients with no history known stroke-like episodes. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the incidence, the cause and the character of the asymptomatic cerebral hemorrhage among patients who had undergone MRI examinations. From September 1987 through June 1990, 2757 patients have undergone 3474 MR scans of the brain with 1.0 Tesla Siemens Magneton unit in our hospital. Seventeen patients showed no clinical signs or symptoms suggesting a stroke episode corresponding to the detected hemorrhagic lesion. The 17 patients corresponded to 0.6% of the patients who underwent MRI, 1.5% of the patients with cerebrovascular disease and 9.5% of the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), which was rather higher than expected. Among the 17 patients, 12 were diagnosed as primary ICH and 5 as secondary ICH. Most of the primary asymptomatic hemorrhage were hypertensive ones and slit-like curvilinear lesions between the putamen and claustrum or external capsule. The secondary asymptomatic hemorrhage were due to AVM and angiomas in the frontal cortex, thalamus and pons. (author).
Regional cerebral blood flow in aphasia
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Soh, K; Larsen, B; Skinhøj, E;
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in 13 aphasic patients with left hemisphere lesions, using the intracarotid xenon 133 injection method and a 254-detector gamma camera system. The rCBF was measured during rest and during various function tests, including a simple speech test. In...
Rhino Cerebral Mucormycosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Parimalam Kumar; C Zohra Begum; Thirumaran, P; Manoharan, K
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem connective tissue disease. Patients with SLE develop cutaneous infections due to immune dysregulation and treatment with immunosuppressive agents. Deep fungal infections are rare in SLE but are important cause of morbidity. We report a case of successfully treated rhino cerebral mucormycosis (RCM) in a female patient with SLE.
Angiografia cerebral trans-operatória
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Sérgio Raupp
Full Text Available The author recommends the use of angiography during operations for the treatment of cerebral angiomata, the procedure helping the location of fistulae with little dimensions and securing better surgical results. Seven cases of intracranial arteriovenous congenital fistulae are reported in which the neurosurgical procedure was facilitated by transoperatory angiography. There wern't technic difficulties in any occasion.
Social integration of adults with cerebral palsy
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Michelsen, Susan Ishøy; Uldall, Peter; Hansen, Thomas;
Social integration and independence is the ultimate goal of habilitation and social support for patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Having a partner and having children provide support for social integration of adults with or without a disability. We studied 416 participants with CP born between 1...
The cerebral venous system and hypoxia.
Wilson, Mark H; Imray, Christopher H E
Most hypobaric hypoxia studies have focused on oxygen delivery and therefore cerebral blood inflow. Few have studied venous outflow. However, the volume of blood entering and leaving the skull (∼700 ml/min) is considerably greater than cerebrospinal fluid production (0.35 ml/min) or edema formation rates and slight imbalances of in- and outflow have considerable effects on intracranial pressure. This dynamic phenomenon is not necessarily appreciated in the currently taught static "Monro-Kellie" doctrine, which forms the basis of the "Tight-Fit" hypothesis thought to underlie high altitude headache, acute mountain sickness, and high altitude cerebral edema. Investigating both sides of the cerebral circulation was an integral part of the 2007 Xtreme Everest Expedition. The results of the relevant studies performed as part of and subsequent to this expedition are reviewed here. The evidence from recent studies suggests a relative venous outflow insufficiency is an early step in the pathogenesis of high altitude headache. Translation of knowledge gained from high altitude studies is important. Many patients in a critical care environment develop hypoxemia akin to that of high altitude exposure. An inability to drain the hypoxemic induced increase in cerebral blood flow could be an underappreciated regulatory mechanism of intracranial pressure. PMID:26294747
Computerized tomographic studies in cerebral palsy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 200 children with cerebral palsy (CP) were analysed from the viewpoint of clinical manifestations, disease complications and etiological factors. CT scans of 135 cases (67.5%) were found to be abnormal and there were 14 (7%) borderline cases. The major abnormality found on CT scans was cerebral atrophy. Other important changes included focal or diffuse low density area in the brain tissue, congenital malformation, and cerebellar atrophy. From the clinical point of view, a large number of patients with spastic tetraplegia and spastic diplegia showed highly abnormal CT scans. On the other hand, in patients with spastic monoplegia, spastic paraplegia, and athetotic type, CT findings were normal or revealed only minor cerebral atrophy. Most children showing asymmetric clinical symptoms had corresponding asymmetric CT abnormalities which included ventricular enlargement, low density area in the brain tissue, and hemispherical volume. There was a significant correlation between the severity of physical impairment and the extent of CT abnormalities. Severely affected children had grossly abnormal CT scans such as hydranencephaly, polycystic change, and extensive cerebral atrophy. In the patients complicated with epilepsy, the incidence and severity of abnormal CT were higher than those of non-epileptic patients. Mentally retarded patients had variable enlargement of the subarachnoidal space depending on the severity of their mental retardation. Patients with suspected postnatal etiology also had high incidence of severe CT abnormality. CT scan is a valuable tool for evaluating patients with CP and in some cases, possible etiology of the disease may be discovered. (author)
Cerebral Palsy--A Continuing Battle.
Gullerud, Ruth A.
A review of the changes in the treatment of and attitudes toward cerebral palsy in the last 30 years is presented. The author stresses the need for early diagnosis and evaluation, day care (especially respite care), counseling, transportation, special living arrangements, and integration of this population. (PHR)
Regional Cerebral Perfusion in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a Parkinson-plus syndrome characterized clinically by supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, axial rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and dementia. Presence of dementia and lack of cortical histopathology suggest the derangement of cortical function by pathological changes in subcortical structures in PSP, which is supported by the pattern of behavioral changes and measurement of brain metabolism using positron emission tomography. This study was done to examine whether there are specific changes of regional cerebral perfusion in PSP and whether there is a correlation between severity of motor abnormaility and degree of changes in cerebral perfusion. We measured regional cerebral perfusion indices in 5 cortical and 2 subcortical areas in 6 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PSP and 6 healthy age and sex matched controls using Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT. Compared with age and sex matched controls, only superior frontal regional perfusion index was significantly decreased in PSP (p0.05). We affirm the previous reports that perfusion in superior frontal cortex is decreased in PSP. Based on our results that there was no correlation between severity of motor abnormality and cerebral perfusion in the superior frontal cortex, nonmotoric symptoms including dementia needs to be looked at whether there is a correlation with the perfusion abnormality in superior frontal cortex
Dementia caused by radiogenic cerebral late necroses
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cerebral damage caused by radiation continues to be a hazard in modern radiotherapy. Dementia may develop, among other diseases, due to bilateral late radionecroses of the diencephalon and of mediobasal temporal lobe areas, e.g. after radiotherapy of the pituitary gland. (orig.)
Cerebral blood flow in acute mountain sickness
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jensen, J B; Wright, Anne; Lassen, N A;
Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured using the radioactive xenon technique and were related to the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS). In 12 subjects, ascending from 150 to 3,475 m, CBF was 24% increased at 24 h [45.1 to 55.9 initial slope index (ISI) units] and 4% increased...
Cerebrovascular endothelin receptor upregulation in cerebral ischemia
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Edvinsson, Lars
Stroke is a serious neurological disease and the third leading cause of death in the western world. In roughly 15 % of the cases, the cause is due to an intracranial haemorrhage, and the remaining 85 % represent ischemic strokes. Ischemic stroke is caused by the occlusion of a cerebral artery...
Cerebral Arterial Thrombosis in Ulcerative Colitis
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Giovanni Casella
Full Text Available Thrombosis, mainly venous, is a rare and well-recognized extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD. We describe a 25-year-old Caucasian man affected by ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis with an episode of right middle cerebral arterial thrombosis resolved by intraarterial thrombolysis. We perform a brief review of the International Literature.
Rare copy number variation in cerebral palsy
McMichael, Gai; Girirajan, Santhosh; Moreno-De-Luca, Andres; Gecz, Jozef; Shard, Chloe; Nguyen, Lam Son; Nicholl, Jillian; Gibson, Catherine; Haan, Eric; Eichler, Evan; Martin, Christa Lese; MacLennan, Alastair
Recent studies have established the role of rare copy number variants (CNVs) in several neurological disorders but the contribution of rare CNVs to cerebral palsy (CP) is not known. Fifty Caucasian families having children with CP were studied using two microarray designs. Potentially pathogenic, rare (
Pharmacological treatment in Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy
Allori P; Pasquinelli A; Varrella A
Evaluation of the effect of Levo-Sulpiride, Trazodone and combined treatment in 46 subjects affected by pure and mixed forms of Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy. The results were assessed according to "Neuromotor Disorders Assessment Scale" (Papini et al, 1995, 1998; Allori et al 2006).
Evaluation of ocular acupuncture on cerebral infarction with cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
To evaluate the immediate effect of ocular acupuncture on patients, an method of SPECT image of cerebral blood flow daily stress test was established. 10 patients diagnosed as cerebral infarction by CT or MRI were tested. They all received 99Tcm-ECD SPECT imaging at twice before and after ocular acupuncture. By means of image subtraction technique and semi-quantitative method of regional interesting area, the change of regional cerebral blood flow was observed between the two images. Under restful state perfusion of cerebral blood flow in 18 foci was low at the frontal lobe, the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and temporal lobe. After ocular acupuncture, the perfusions were obviously increased in 16 foci among them and the reactivity of the frontal lobe and the cerebellum to ocular acupuncture was higher, the average improvement rate of which was 55.15% and 53.06% respectively, lower in the basal ganglia and temporal lobe, the average improvement rate was 31.79% and 36.67% respectively. 99Tcm-ECD SPECT cerebral perfusion image has some significant clinic value for evaluating the effect of ocular acupuncture to treating cerebral infarction. (authors)
Clinical and pathological study on 10 cases of cerebral lobe hemorrhage related with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
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Xiao-qi LI
Full Text Available Objective To summarize the clinical data and pathological features of 10 cases of cerebral lobar hemorrhage related with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA diagnosed pathologically, thereby to improve the knowledge and diagnosis of the disease. Methods The clinical data of 10 cases of cerebral lobar hemorrhage related with CAA, collected in the General Hospital of Shenyang Command from 1983 up to now, were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical and neuropathological features of these cases were summarized. Results Of the 10 patients, 2 suffered from single lobar hemorrhage and 8 multiple lobar hemorrhage, all of them were confirmed pathologically to have ruptured into the subarachnoid space. Pathological examination revealed microaneurysm in 2 cases, "double barrel" change in 4 cases, multiple arteriolar clusters in 5 cases, obliterative onion-liked intima change in 4 cases, and fibrinoid necrosis of vessel wall in 7 cases. In addition, neurofibrillary tangles were found in 8 cases, and senile plaque was observed in 5 cases. Conclusions Cerebral lobar hemorrhage related with CAA is mainly located in the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, readily breaking into the subarachnoid space, and it is often multiple and recurrent. The CAA associated microvasculopathy was found frequently in the autopsy sample of CAA related cerebral lobar hemorrhage, and it may contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.07.04
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Gloria Cárcamo-Portillo
Full Text Available Los lipomas intracraneales son lesiones infrecuentes y benignas que representan el 0,03 al 0,08% de todas las masas intracraneales. Estos se encuentran relacionados a un defecto de la línea media debido a un mal cierre del tubo neural; lo que conlleva a una mala diferenciación y una persistencia anormal de la meninge primitiva con posterior diferenciación al tejido adiposo. La mitad de los casos permanecen asintomáticos y son diagnosticados como un hallazgo incidental en los estudios imagenológicos. Sin embargo, otros casos se asocian a sintomatología neurológica como retraso psicomotor, cefalea, epilepsia y parálisis cerebral. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 46 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2; que cursa con sintomatología de Evento Cerebrovascular Isquémico por lo que le realizan –una Tomografía Computarizada (TC y una Resonancia Magnética (RM. En el reporte se describen múltiples infartos a nivel del hemisferio cerebral izquierdo mientras que al nivel de la línea media se observó una imagen compatible con lipoma cerebral que afectaba el rostro, la rodilla y la porción anterior del cuerpo calloso. La identificación de este hallazgo fue incidental. Palabras claves: Lipoma Cerebral; Cuerpo Calloso; Resonancia Magnética; Accidente Cerebrovascular. (Fuente: DeCS BIREME.
Signs of cerebral atrophy on single-photon emission tomography.
Wong, C O; Meyerrose, G E; Sostre, S
Cerebral atrophy often coexists with other brain disorders and by itself may alter the pattern of cerebral perfusion. If unrecognized, it may confound diagnoses based on brain single-photon emission tomography (SPET). In this retrospective study, we describe and evaluate criteria for the diagnosis of cerebral atrophy on technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain SPET studies. The SPET scans of 11 patients with cerebral atrophy and ten controls were evaluated for the presence of a prominent interhemispheric fissure, presence of prominent cerebral sulci, separation of thalamic nuclei, and pronounced separation of caudate nuclei. The SPET studies were interpreted by two independent observers blind to the findings of magnetic resonance imaging, which provided the final diagnosis of cerebral atrophy. The combination of the four scintigraphic signs was accurate in the diagnosis of cerebral atrophy in 95% of the cases and had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 100%. PMID:8062851
Cerebral hemometabolism: from isolated measurements to monitoring and therapy
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Julio Cruz
Full Text Available An overview is presented on historical and multivariate aspects of cerebral hemometabolism. This involves a full multivariate approach, from blood pressure to cerebral metabolism. From isolated measurements, to monitoring and management, a comprehensive overview of cerebral hemometabolism is addressed, from its inception to current days, up to a new concept, the cerebral hemodynamic reserve. A multivariate functional diagram is proposed, to summarize the multivariate interrelationships of cerebral hemometabolism. A generic proposition is mode for studies of truly normal cerebral hemometabolism in children, for subsequent clinical applications. Another proposition is made for multivariate cerebral hemometabolic monitoring, in a broad variety of circumstances of predominantly global changes in intracranial dynamics, both in animal and clinical research.
Evaluation of radiation risk and work practices during cerebral interventions
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Livingstone, Roshan S; Raghuram, L; Korah, Ipeson P; Raj, D Victor [Department of Radiodiagnosis, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004 (India)
This study was intended to evaluate radiation risk to patients during cerebral interventions and the contribution to this risk from work practices. Thirty nine patients undergoing cerebral interventions in a digital subtraction angiography suite were included in this study. Patients who underwent cerebral interventions were categorised into two groups according to the number of cerebral interventions performed on them, and their effective doses were calculated. The effective dose for patients undergoing a single cerebral intervention (group A) varied from 1.55 to 15.9 mSv and for multiple cerebral interventions (group B) varied from 16.52 to 43.52 mSv. Two patients who underwent multiple cerebral interventions (group B) had alopecia of the irradiated scalp.
Evaluation of radiation risk and work practices during cerebral interventions
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This study was intended to evaluate radiation risk to patients during cerebral interventions and the contribution to this risk from work practices. Thirty nine patients undergoing cerebral interventions in a digital subtraction angiography suite were included in this study. Patients who underwent cerebral interventions were categorised into two groups according to the number of cerebral interventions performed on them, and their effective doses were calculated. The effective dose for patients undergoing a single cerebral intervention (group A) varied from 1.55 to 15.9 mSv and for multiple cerebral interventions (group B) varied from 16.52 to 43.52 mSv. Two patients who underwent multiple cerebral interventions (group B) had alopecia of the irradiated scalp
toxicidad neuroendocrina inducida por cadmio
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A Romero
Full Text Available El cadmio es un agente químico tóxico importante debido a su creciente nivel en el medio ambiente como resultado de prácticas industriales y agrícolas. Como perturbador endocrino, el cadmio modifica la secreción de hormonas hipofisarias. Los efectos indirectos del cadmio provocan la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno y reducen la actividad de las proteínas implicadas en las defensas antioxidantes. La melatonina es conocida como un potente antioxidante, scavenger de radicales libres y quelante de metales sintetizada en la glándula pineal. De esta manera, las acciones antioxidantes de esta indolamina protegen frente a la peroxidación lipídica y el daño oxidativo de los radicales y de sus productos tóxicos. Los trabajos recopilados en esta revisión ponen de manifiesto la capacidad antioxidante de la melatonina y, por lo tanto, su posible papel protector frente a la toxicidad del cadmio en lo que se refiere al estrés oxidativo y peroxidación lipídica inducidos por la exposición a este metal.
Hipoglucemia inducida por carcinoma adrenal
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Jimena Soutelo
Full Text Available El carcinoma suprarrenal es una neoplasia maligna infrecuente y de mal pronóstico. La presentación clínica más común es originada por la producción hormonal excesiva, mientras que el desarrollo de hipoglucemia sintomática es excepcional. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 37 años que ingresó al hospital por síntomas de hipoglucemias graves, hipertensión arterial, hipopotasemia y amenorrea secundaria. En el laboratorio se halló hipoglucemia con insulina inhibida y niveles de andrógenos en rango tumoral. La tomografía computarizada (TC de abdomen y pelvis mostró voluminosa formación heterogénea de aspecto sólido sin plano de clivaje con respecto al parénquima hepático e intenso realce con contraste. Luego de la extirpación de la masa retroperitoneal, evolucionó con valores de glucemia y potasemia normales, estabilizó la presión arterial y recuperó los ciclos menstruales.
Utility of the cerebral SPECT in schizophrenia
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Objective: To compare cortical and subcortical cerebral perfusion in schizophrenics patients with normal controls, and analyze the relation to clinical patterns and neuroleptic treatment. Method: 18 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia under neuroleptic treatment (except 3 cases), evaluated with clinical scales (BPRS and PANSS). The control group included 5 subjects in good health. All subjects were studied with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using technetium-99 etilencisteinato (99mTc-ECD) as a tracer. Region of interest (ROI) were defined in cerebral cortex and thalamus-basal ganglia areas. The cortical cerebral blood flow was measured with a quantitative analysis, expressed as a ratio of regional tracer uptake to occipital cortex uptake. In basal ganglia and thalamus, regional blood flow was evaluated with a semiquantitative methodology, defining categories. Results: Schizophrenics patients showed a significant reduction of perfusion on a left anterior frontal cortex ('hipofrontality') and global decrease of perfusion on left hemisphere. The interhemispheric (left/right) ratio of perfusion was incremented respect control group. In thalamic-basal ganglia complex, a significant hypoperfusion was found in neuroleptic-free patients and control group. On the other hand, neuroleptic-treated patients revealed normal or increased regional blood flow in thalamus and basal ganglia. Only the clinical item 'thought disorder' had significant high correlation with perfusion on left structures (left anterior frontal, left lateral frontal, left temporo-parietal); the other items correlated with right structures. Conclusions: The findings suggest a pattern o left cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with an incremented interhemispheric ratio of cerebral blood flow. The pivotal role of thalamic and basal ganglia areas in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and neuroleptic action was reaffirmed; apparently, perfusion in thalamic-basal ganglia
Magnetic Resonance Features of Cerebral Malaria
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Background: Cerebral malaria is a major health hazard, with a high incidence of mortality. The disease is endemic in many developing countries, but with a greater increase in tourism, occasional cases may be detected in countries where the disease in not prevalent. Early diagnosis and evaluation of cerebral involvement in malaria utilizing modern imaging modalities have an impact on the treatment and clinical outcome. Purpose: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) features of patients with cerebral malaria presenting with altered sensorium. Material and Methods: We present the findings in three patients with cerebral malaria presenting with altered sensorium. MR imaging using a 1.5-Tesla unit was carried out. The sequences performed were 5-mm-thick T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR), and T2-weighted gradient-echo axial sequences, and sagittal and coronal FLAIR. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were obtained. Results: Focal hyperintensities in the bilateral periventricular white matter, corpus callosum, occipital subcortex, and bilateral thalami were noticed on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences. The lesions were more marked in the splenium of the corpus callosum. No enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted MR images was observed. There was no evidence of restricted diffusion on the diffusion-weighted sequence and ADC map. Conclusion: MR is a sensitive imaging modality, with a role in the assessment of cerebral lesions in malaria. Focal white matter and corpus callosal lesions without any restricted diffusion were the key findings in our patients
Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of cerebral revascularization.
Leblanc, R; Tyler, J L; Mohr, G; Meyer, E; Diksic, M; Yamamoto, L; Taylor, L; Gauthier, S; Hakim, A
Pre- and postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in six patients undergoing extracranial to intracranial bypass procedures for the treatment of symptomatic extracranial carotid occlusion. The six patients were all men, aged 52 to 68 years. Their symptoms included transient ischemic attacks (five cases), amaurosis fugax (two cases), and completed stroke with good recovery (one case). Positron emission tomography was performed within 4 weeks prior to surgery and between 3 to 6 months postoperatively, using oxygen-15-labeled CO, O2, and CO2 and fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen and glucose (CMRO2 and CMRGlu), and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were measured in both hemispheres. Preoperatively, compared to five elderly control subjects, patients had increased CBV, a decreased CBF/CBV ratio, and decreased CMRO2, indicating reduced cerebral perfusion pressure and depressed oxygen metabolism. The CBF was decreased in only one patient who had bilateral carotid occlusions; the OEF, CMRGlu, and CMRO2/CMRGlu and CMRGlu/CBF ratios were not significantly different from control measurements. All bypasses were patent and all patients were asymptomatic following surgery. Postoperative PET revealed decreased CBV and an increased CBF/CBV ratio, indicating improved hemodynamic function and oxygen hypometabolism. This was associated with increased CMRO2 in two patients in whom the postoperative OEF was also increased. The CMRGlu and CMRGlu/CBF ratio were increased in five patients. Changes in CBF and the CMRO2/CMRGlu ratio were variable. One patient with preoperative progressive mental deterioration, documented by serial neuropsychological testing and decreasing CBF and CMRO2, had improved postoperative CBF and CMRO2 concomitant with improved neuropsychological functioning. It is concluded that symptomatic carotid occlusion is associated with altered
Magnetic Resonance Features of Cerebral Malaria
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Yadav, P.; Sharma, R.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, U. (Dept. of Radiodiagnosis and Dept. of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (India))
Background: Cerebral malaria is a major health hazard, with a high incidence of mortality. The disease is endemic in many developing countries, but with a greater increase in tourism, occasional cases may be detected in countries where the disease in not prevalent. Early diagnosis and evaluation of cerebral involvement in malaria utilizing modern imaging modalities have an impact on the treatment and clinical outcome. Purpose: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) features of patients with cerebral malaria presenting with altered sensorium. Material and Methods: We present the findings in three patients with cerebral malaria presenting with altered sensorium. MR imaging using a 1.5-Tesla unit was carried out. The sequences performed were 5-mm-thick T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR), and T2-weighted gradient-echo axial sequences, and sagittal and coronal FLAIR. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were obtained. Results: Focal hyperintensities in the bilateral periventricular white matter, corpus callosum, occipital subcortex, and bilateral thalami were noticed on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences. The lesions were more marked in the splenium of the corpus callosum. No enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted MR images was observed. There was no evidence of restricted diffusion on the diffusion-weighted sequence and ADC map. Conclusion: MR is a sensitive imaging modality, with a role in the assessment of cerebral lesions in malaria. Focal white matter and corpus callosal lesions without any restricted diffusion were the key findings in our patients
Tongue mobility in patients with cerebral palsy
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Živković Zorica
Full Text Available Background/Aim. In children with cerebral palsy speech is a big problem. Speech of these children is more or less understandable, depending on the degree of reduced mobility of articulatory organs. Reduced mobility is affected by inability to control facial grimacing and poor muscle strength when performing targeted movements. The aim of this study was to determine the mobility of tongue in patients with cerebral palsy. Methods. The study included a sample of 34 children - patients with cerebral palsy who had been treated in the Special Hospital for the Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Neurology in Belgrade. The patients were divided according to the determined diagnosis into two groups: Quadriparesis spastica (n = 11 and Morbus Little (n = 16. The children, aged 8-12 years, had preserved intelectual abilities, and all of them had preserved hearing. The study was conducted during the period from January to September 2009. The functional state of articulatory organs in both groups was tested by the C-test that examines the anatomic structure and mobility of the articulatory organs. Results. Our research showed that both groups of the patients had impaired functional state of the tongue - the most mobile articulatory organ. Also, the research showed that the functional state of the tongue was worse in children diagnosed with Quadriparesis spastica. A statistically significant correlation between the diagnosis and the functional state of the tongue, the tongue test performance and the retention of the tongue in a given position was found (r = 0.594, p < 0.005; r = 0.816, p < 0.01 and r = 0.738, p < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion. A large percentage of children with cerebral palsy were not able to establish control over the position of articulatory organs, especially the tongue, and its retention in a given position, all of which affect the quality of speech.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
MaYang; XuNenggui; XuGuansun; ZhongPing; WangLianfa; ZhuShunli; ChenQuanzhu
Thirty Wistar rats were randomly and evenly divided into control group, cerebral ischemia group and ischemia + electroacupuncture (EA) group. The bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded to induce acute cerebral ischemia. Nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)contents in the cerebral tissues and blood were measured under normal condition, immediately after ischemia and following EA. Results showed that after acute cerebral ischemia NO and ET contents in the cerebral tissues increased significantly (P<0.01) while serum ET increased and serum NO lowered obviously (P<0.05). Following EA of Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14), both NO and ET in cerebral tissues and serum turned to normal basically. It showed that EA could protect the cerebral tissues from injury induced by ischemia, NO and ET might participate in the modulation process of EA.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
马杨; 许能贵; 许冠荪; 钟平; 王联发; 朱舜丽; 陈全珠
Thirty Wistar rats were randomly and evenly divided into control group, cerebral ischemia group and ischemia + electroacupuncture (EA) group. The bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded to induce acute cerebral ischemia. Nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) contents in the cerebral tissues and blood were measured under normal condition, immediately after ischemia and following EA. Results showed that after acute cerebral ischemia NO and ET contents in the cerebral tissues increased significantly (P < 0.01) while serum ET increased and serum NO lowered obviously (P<0.05). Following EA of Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14), both NO and ET in cerebral tissues and serum turned to normal basically. It showed that EA could protect the cerebral tissues from injury induced bv ischemia. NO and ET might oarticioate in the modulation orocess of EA.
Proteção cerebral durante parada circulatória total a 28°C
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FILGUEIRAS Carlos Luiz
Full Text Available As operações de aneurismas do arco aórtico dependem do tempo de parada circulatória hipotérmica total (PCH. Diversas técnicas têm sido propostas para melhorar a proteção do cérebro e estender o tempo seguro de isquemia (45 minutos em hipotermia profunda. A proteção cerebral durante duas horas de parada circulatória hipotérmica foi estudada em 23 suínos, divididos em quatro grupos. Nos grupos de controle, 8 animais foram submetidos a anestesia (Grupo 1 e a circulação extracorpórea (Grupo 2. Os outros dois grupos foram à PCH associada à perfusão cerebral anterógrada a 28°C (Grupo 3 e a PCH associada a perfusão retrógrada do cérebro a 28°C (Grupo 4. A proteção cerebral foi avaliada pelo estudo histológico e pelo metabolismo celular cerebral estudado pela espectroscopia por ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM. Durante a PCH associada à perfusão cerebral anterógrada a 28°C, o metabolismo cerebral manteve-se normal durante todo o experimento e houve preservação das estruturas cerebrais no estudo histológico. Na PCH com a perfusão cerebral retrógrada a 28°C, o pH intracelular, a fosfocreatina (PCr e o trifosfato de adenosina (ATP diminuíram durante o período de parada circulatória e não retornaram aos seus níveis normais durante a reperfusão, permanecendo o cérebro em grave acidose intracelular. Concluímos que, durante duas horas de PCH, a perfusão anterógrada a 28°C proporcionou uma adequada proteção ao cérebro. A PCH associada à perfusão retrógrada em hipotermia moderada a 28°C não proporcionou proteção cerebral, no estudo metabólico e histológico.
Mortalidad intrahospitalaria por accidente cerebrovascular
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Federico Rodríguez Lucci
Full Text Available La mortalidad global por accidente cerebrovascular (ACV ha disminuido en las últimas tres décadas, probablemente debido a un mejor control de los factores de riesgo vascular. La mortalidad hospitalaria por ACV ha sido tradicionalmente estimada entre 6 y 14% en la mayoría de las series comunicadas. Sin embargo, los datos de ensayos clínicos recientes sugieren que esta cifra sería sustancialmente menor. Se revisaron datos de pacientes internados con diagnóstico de ACV del Banco de Datos de Stroke de FLENI y los registros institucionales de mortalidad entre los años 2000 y 2010. Los subtipos de ACV isquémicos se clasificaron según criterios TOAST y los ACV hemorrágicos en hematomas intrapanquimatosos, hemorragias subaracnoideas aneurismáticas, malformaciones arteriovenosas y otros hematomas intraparenquimatosos. Se analizaron 1514 pacientes, 1079 (71% con ACV isquémico (grandes vasos 39%, cardioembólicos 27%, lacunares 9%, etiología indeterminada 14%, otras etiologías 11% y 435 (29% con ACV hemorrágico (intraparenquimatosos 27%, hemorragia subaracnoidea 30%, malformaciones arteriovenosas 25% y otros hematomas espontáneos 18%. Se registraron 38 muertes intrahospitalarias (17 ACV isquémicos y 21 ACV hemorrágicos, representando una mortalidad global del 2.5% (1.7% en ACV isquémicos y 4.8% en ACV hemorrágicos. No se registraron muertes asociadas al uso de fibrinolíticos endovenosos. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes con ACV isquémico y hemorrágico en nuestro centro fue baja. El manejo en un centro dedicado a las enfermedades neurológicas y el enfoque multidisciplinario por personal médico y no médico entrenado en el cuidado de la enfermedad cerebrovascular podrían explicar, al menos en parte, estos resultados.
Caracterização de adultos com paralisia cerebral Caracterization of adults with cerebral palsy
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Anna L. M. Margre
Full Text Available CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Paralisia Cerebral (PC é um grupo de perturbações permanentes no desenvolvimento de movimentos e posturas que causam limitação nas atividades funcionais e que são atribuídas a distúrbios não-progressivos que ocorrem no cérebro fetal ou infantil. Nos últimos anos, com o aumento na expectativa de vida dos indivíduos com PC, vários estudos têm descrito a instalação de deficiências musculoesqueléticas e limitações funcionais ao longo do ciclo vital. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar adultos com PC por meio de informações sociodemográficas, classificações, saúde geral e condições associadas, complicações físicas e locomoção. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 22 adultos com PC residentes em uma cidade no interior do Brasil, recrutados nos centros de reabilitação locais. Aplicou-se um questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica, de comorbidades e complicações físicas. Além disso, realizou-se breve avaliação fisioterapêutica e aplicaram-se as classificações padronizadas, Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS e Sistema de Classificação das Habilidades Manuais (MACS. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 28,7 anos, 86,4% participantes moravam com os pais, 4,5% possuíam emprego. A maior parte da amostra era composta por quadriplégicos espásticos, níveis IV e V do GMFCS e do MACS. Houve presença de diferentes comorbidades e importantes complicações físicas, como escoliose e contraturas musculares. Mais da metade dos participantes não deambula. Conclusões: A maioria dos participantes demonstrou ter importante restrição na participação social, além de escolaridade baixa. Adultos com PC estão sujeitos ainda a instalação de várias complicações físicas e limitações progressivas na marcha.BACKGROUND: Cerebral Palsy (CP is a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture that cause