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Heuft, Merel M.a; Houba, Sanne M.a; van den Berk, Guido E.L.a; Smissaert van de Haere, Tessaa; van Dam, Alje P.b; Dijksman, Lea M.c; Regez, Rosa M.a; Brinkman, Keesa
aDepartment of Internal Medicine
bDepartment of Medical Microbiology
cTeaching Hospital, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Correspondence to Kees Brinkman, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received 30 June, 2013
Revised 9 December, 2013
Accepted 9 December, 2013
This study was presented as oral paper at the Conference of Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections 2013, Atlanta.
Objective: Current guidelines advise to vaccinate every hepatitis B virus (HBV)-susceptible HIV patient against HBV until sufficient antibody titers have been reached. However, in this era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), acute HBV infection rarely occurs in patients who lack this immune protection. We analyzed whether HBV-active cART (lamivudine, emtricitabine, tenofovir) might work as a preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to explain this effect.
Methods: From our HIV cohort at the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis hospital (N = 2942), patients were selected retrospectively for negative HBV serology (HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc-negative) at cohort entry. Men who have sex with men (MSM) with a second HBV serology available were included for analysis. The incidence of anti-HBc conversion was determined and correlated with the use of HBV-active drugs. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to compare HBV-free survival for MSM.
Results: In total, 33 HBV infections occurred in 381 eligible MSM over a median follow-up of 2470 days (interquartile range 1146–3871.5). The incident rate per 100 patient-years of follow-up was 1.10 overall, but differed strongly dependent on the use of HBV-active drugs: 2.85/100 patient-years of follow-up in the absence of HBV-active drugs, 1.36 when only lamivudine was used, and 0.14 in the presence of tenofovir. Furthermore, HBV-free survival rate was significantly higher when HBV-active cART was used, in particular when this HBV-active cART contained tenofovir (log-rank P <0.001).
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that HBV-active cART protects against the occurrence of de-novo HBV infection, most strongly when tenofovir is used.
HIV-infected patients are frequently exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) due to their shared routes of transmission, namely, sexual intercourse or blood contact [1]. Up to 9% of HIV patients are coinfected with chronic HBV [2,3] and studies have shown that patients infected with HBV experience more complications if they are coinfected with HIV [4,5]. Because since 1996 combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduced the AIDS-related mortality impressively, liver disease caused by previously acquired coinfection with hepatitis B emerged as a relatively important cause of death in HIV-infected individuals [6–8].
As there is an effective vaccine available, all HIV patients, and especially men who have sex with men (MSM), are advised to get vaccinated against HBV. However, many immune-deficient patients do not respond effectively to this vaccination: 30–75% of HIV patients who receive standard-dose HBV vaccination fail to develop immunity to HBV. Current policy is to revaccinate patients until sufficient titers (anti-HBs >10 IU/ml) are reached, but even after revaccination, only 50.7% of nonresponders developed protective titers. Furthermore, despite the recommendation, many patients do not receive any vaccination. Altogether, risk for acquiring an HBV infection remains an important issue for HIV patients.
At the present time, however, acute HBV infection infrequently occurs in HIV-infected patients who lack immune protection. We considered that this might be explained by the fact that some antiretroviral drugs are effective against both HBV and HIV [lamivudine (3TC), emtricitabine (FTC), and tenofovir (TDF)].
We analyzed whether these HBV-active antiretroviral drugs might work as a preexposure prophylaxis and protect against primary HBV infection.
The Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) is a general, public hospital in the inner city of Amsterdam, providing medical care to the largest cohort of HIV-infected individuals in the Netherlands. Data from this cohort, followed between 1983 and September 2012 (n = 2942), were used. First, all patients susceptible to HBV infection were identified by analyzing the first HBV serology at entry into the cohort (negative result for anti-HBc and HBsAg, and an anti-HBs titer <10 IU/l). Second, patients with a follow-up HBV serology test already determined were selected or HBV serology was performed on the latest frozen sample available. Occurrence of primary HBV infection was defined as anti-HBc seroconversion. Anti-HBs seroconversion only (positive anti-HBs titer >10 IU/l) was ascribed to successful vaccination. Patients without a second HBV serology were excluded from the analysis. Furthermore, to identify the exact period of HBV infection in those patients with anti-HBc seroconversion, we tried to perform HBV serology on stocked blood samples, wherever available, and we screened the individual charts for periods of clinical hepatitis (alananine aminotransferase increase above two times the upper limit of normal) in relation to medication use. Finally, we documented the course of the occurred HBV infections (HBsAg and HBeAg conversion and response to therapies).
Data were collected for the whole cohort, but, as HBV conversion occurred particularly in MSM, we decided to concentrate our analyses on patients from this risk group only. Therapy regimens changed frequently and often treatments were only used for a short period of time. To ensure that short treatment periods could not have a too substantial influence on the results, we defined a period receiving HBV-active cART less than 20% of the observation time as a period not receiving therapy. Three treatment groups were delineated: receiving HBV-active cART less than 20% of the observation time ('no treatment'), receiving more than 20% HBV-active cART, but 'no tenofovir' (i.e. less than 20% of the observation time on tenofovir), and receiving HBV-active cART, including 'more than 20% tenofovir'. The observation period of a patient started at the date of entry into the database and stopped at the date of the first positive test (converters) or the last negative anti-HBc test (nonconverters).
Patient characteristics were described as median (interquartile range = 25–75%) or frequencies (%). Continuous variables were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test.
Incident rates were calculated per 100 patient-years of follow-up (PYFU) for all patients eligible for analysis: MSM and non-MSM. We calculated incident rate for MSM patients separated by medication use as well. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was calculated to compare incidence rates between all groups (MSM versus non-MSM; no-HBV-active cART versus HBV-active cART, no TDF; no-HBV-active cART versus HBV-active cART with TDF). Cumulative event rates according to three treatment groups were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Patients were censored at the date of last known follow-up. To adjust for the nonrandomized allocation into the different medication groups, the relation of timing to HBV conversion was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression.
A covariate was allowed in the model when in univariate analyses, its P value was <0.10. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA); P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Out of the 2942 (MSM = 2280) patients in the OLVG HIV cohort, 871 (MSM = 590) were found to be HBV susceptible at entry and 736 (MSM = 518) had a second HBV serology test available. Of these patients, 171 of the 736 patients (23.2%) had been successfully vaccinated [MSM 136/518 (26.2%)]. Of the remaining 564 (MSM = 381) HBV-susceptible patients, 35 of 564 (6.2%) converted to an anti-HBc-positive state [MSM 33/381 (8.7%)] and 529 of 564 (93.8%) remained negative for all HBV serology tests [MSM 348/381 (91,3%); see Fig. 1 (MSM only)].
Within the HBV-susceptible MSM (n = 381), three groups were differentiated by the exposure to HBV-active medication. The groups did not differ significantly in median age at entry (P = 0.101), but differed significantly in duration of follow-up time (P <0.001), median year of observation (P <0.001), as well as (by matter of definition) in the use of HBV cART and the use of tenofovir. Use of tenofovir was combined with either 3TC or FTC in most cases (patient characteristics; Table 1).
Incidence rate for HBV was 0.79 per 100 PYFU for the whole group, but was higher in MSM versus non-MSM (respectively, 1.10 versus 0.14 per 100 PYFU; IRR 8.03; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.93–33.46). In MSM, the lowest incidence rate was found in persons using HBV-active cART containing tenofovir (0.14 per 100 PYFU; IRR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01–0.21), compared with persons without HBV-active cART (incident rate 2.85). The group with HBV-active cART, but no tenofovir, also had a lower incidence rate, 1.36 (IRR 0.48; 95% CI 0.23–0.98; Table 2).
The HBV-free survival for MSM, split for the three groups, is shown in the Kaplan–Meier curve (Fig. 2). The hazard for HBV conversion was significantly higher for patients receiving non-HBV-active cART compared with patients receiving HBV-active cART without tenofovir (log-rank P = 0.001), while the significantly smallest chance of HBV infection was observed in patients receiving HBV-active cART with tenofovir (log-rank P <0.001). In fact, after an observation of 6000 days (16.4 years), 40% of patients without active-HBV cART had seroconverted compared with only 2% of patients receiving HBV-active cART with tenofovir.
Comparing patients not receiving HBV-active cART to the two other medication groups in a Cox-regression analysis, confirmed the results of the three-risk group analysis. This showed that, compared with patients not receiving HBV-active cART, patients receiving HBV-active cART without tenofovir had a reduced hazard rate of HBV infection (hazard ratio = 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.89). The HBV hazard was even lower in patients receiving HBV-active cART with tenofovir (hazard ratio = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02–0.25). Age and year of observation were not significant independent predictors in Cox-regression analysis for HBV infection (age: hazard ratio = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94–1.02, P value = 0.336; year of observation: hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% CI 0.88–1.06, P value = 0.432).
Thirty-three cases of HBV conversion were observed in MSM. Fifteen of these 33 patients used no HBV-active medication during the observation period at all, two hardly any, whereas only two patients used a substantial proportion of the observed time tenofovir (65 and 72% of time). Three patients used HBV-active medication throughout most of the observation period (>80%), but without tenofovir (in fact only 3TC) and the remaining 11 patients had a more mixed pattern of coverage; only eight patients used tenofovir for a short time (2–14% of time).
After searching the individual 33 MSM files for episodes of clinical hepatitis, these could only be identified in seven patients. During four of these episodes, no HBV-active medication was used; in the other three episodes, 3TC was used as an HBV-active drug in the cART regimen. Only in one situation (a man on cART containing 3TC for 5.5 years), this hepatitis was diagnosed as such by the clinician. In his HBV DNA, sampled during conversion, no 3TC-resistant mutations (YMDD) were found.
From all 33 HBV infections in MSM, six of the seven men with clinical hepatitis remained both HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive during the rest of the follow-up. All other patients had full seroconversion to both anti-HBs and anti-HBe. The six not fully converted patients received tenofovir-containing medication after the study period and reached fully suppressed HBV-DNA levels (data not shown).
Over an observation period of 4445 patient-years in 564 HBV-susceptible patients, HBV seroconversion was an infrequent event. We only observed 35 cases, leading to a calculated incidence of 0.79 cases per 100 PYFU for the whole group and 1.10 cases per 100 PYFU in MSM. Most cases were asymptomatic and six of the 33 (18%) MSM did not clear HBsAg or HBeAg.
The literature about HBV incidence among HBV-susceptible HIV-infected MSM is scarce; most studies only report the prevalence of HBsAg. In a study from the United Kingdom, Price et al. [9] reported an incidence of 0.7 new HBV seroconversions per 100 PYFU among HIV-infected patients between 1996 and 2009, with a higher risk among MSM and persons using intravenous drugs. In this cohort, 16.5% of patients remained HBsAg-positive. In an earlier study by Kellerman et al. [3], an incidence of IgM anti-HBsAg seroconversion of 0.71 per 100 PYFU among HIV-infected MSM was found between 1998 and 2001, before the introduction of tenofovir. These authors described a protective effect of cART in general, but were unable to find an extra protective effect of 3TC-containing cART compared to other cART. Gatanaga et al. [10] recently described an incidence of 6.73 HBV infection per 100 PYFU in a cohort of 354 HBV-susceptible MSM from Japan, when no ART was used and an incidence of 0.67 HBV infection per 100 PYFU in the period when 3TC or tenofovir was used. Although the prophylactic effect of these HBV active drugs was highly significant (P < 0.001), the authors did not describe extra protection in case of tenofovir usage.
In our study, we were able to not only demonstrate the protective effect of HBV-active cART on the incidence of new HBV infection, but furthermore to show a superior protective effect on HBV seroconversion in the group using tenofovir for at least 20% of observation time. In fact, HBV infection occurred in only two patients who had a substantial exposure to tenofovir during the observation period. In one of them, (mild) clinical hepatitis was observed before the start of tenofovir, but unfortunately no samples could be recovered to demonstrate HBV conversion at that time. In the other patient, we have no formal proof, whether the patient became HBV-infected before or during treatment with tenofovir. In the group with HBV-active cART, but no tenofovir (in fact only 3TC-containing cART), the protective effect against an HBV seroconversion was also observed, but to a lesser extent than when patients used tenofovir. In this arm, seven patients with a substantial use of 3TC during their observation period experienced HBV seroconversion. In three of them, clinical hepatitis was observed during the period with 3TC treatment and in one patient, HBV infection with a 3TC-sensitive HBV strain was demonstrated. Altogether, these observations not only demonstrate that HBV-active cART indeed protects against HBV infection as a preexposure prophylaxis, but also that 3TC alone seems less protective than tenofovir-containing cART, with some HBV infection taking place in this arm. As almost all patients who were treated with tenofovir used either 3TC or FTC at the same moment (Table 1), we cannot exclude that the extra protective effect was probably related to the combination of the drugs and not to tenofovir alone. In treatment of chronic HBV settings, however, additional use of either 3TC or FTC showed no extra therapeutic effect above tenofovir treatment [11–13].
From 1988 onwards, the incidence of hepatitis B in the Netherlands remained grossly unchanged, so the difference between the groups regarding the median year of observation is unlikely to act as a confounding factor [14].
Our analysis has limitations typical of a retrospective analysis. First, patients often switched and/or interrupted their medication. In the approach we used, there is no difference in a patient using drugs 100% or 21% of the follow-up. A more extensive mathematical model might solve this problem. Second, the exact moment of seroconversion remains uncertain in several cases. We tried to solve this by searching stocked samples, but we did not succeed in all cases. Finally, we are not informed about the risk behavior the cohort participants had during the observation. For this reason, we decided to focus on MSM only. We tried to collect data about syphilis exposure as a proxy for risk behavior, but data were too incomplete for appropriate analysis.
Current guidelines advise to vaccinate all HIV-infected patients, who are susceptible for HBV, especially risk groups such as MSM, professional sex workers, and intravenous drug users. Although this advice is not followed in all patients, successful protection is only reported in 30–75% of vaccinated individuals [15–17], possibly related to the impaired immunity of the HIV-infected individuals. Intensified revaccination protocols result in better responses [18], but still a substantial proportion of individuals are reported to remain susceptible for HBV infection. In our own cohort, this proportion was 564 of 736 (76.6%) for the whole group and 381 of 590 (64.6%) for MSM. Although HBV vaccination will always be the preferred advice for HIV-infected persons at risk for HBV, one might reconsider the current guidelines to revaccinate every patient not getting sufficient titers after the first cycles of HBV vaccination. In these unresponsive patients, inclusion of tenofovir (and to a lesser extent 3TC) as part of their cART regimen seems to be protective enough against primary HBV infection.
M.H. was responsible for data and file searches for master project and wrote the first version of the article. S.H. was a research analyst and was responsible for data searching, analyses, and article revision. G.v.d.B. was responsible for medical content and developing the final research question and was master student project supervisor and revised the article. T.S.v.d.H. started the first data and file searches for master project and revised the article. A.v.D. was responsible for laboratory analysis and searching of stored samples and for article revision. L.D. was responsible for statistical methods and article revision. R.R. was responsible for cohort database and analysis, and article revision. K.B. was responsible for overall supervision of medical content, research question, and data analyses, and wrote the final version of the article.
No funding was received to conduct this study.
M.H., S.H., T.S.v.d.H., A.v.D., L.D., and R.R. have no conflicts of interest to declare. G.v.d.B. has been consultant in advisory boards for Abbott, Janssen, and MSD. K.B. has been consultant in advisory boards for Viiv, Gilead, Abbott, BMS, MSD, and Janssen.
antiretroviral therapy; hepatitis B virus; HIV; incidence; lamivudine; preexposure prophylaxis; tenofovir
© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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Don Rader
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Canon Europe partners with Pelagon
Ilse Jurriën : April 11th 2006 - 00:45 CET
Canon Europe partners with Pelagon :
Canon Europe, world leader in digital imaging technology, has today announced a new Pan-European distribution agreement with leading independent print and media software development business, Pelagon. As part of the agreement, Canon will add Pelagon's WebStore to its enhanced portfolio of Professional Print Solutions, which includes Canon's exclusive software solutions, including iW Publishing Manager Professional and NT-Ware's uniFLOW Output Manager, as well as solutions from a range of partners such as EFI, Objectif Lune and Gretag Macbeth.
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[UG] Bionic Commando (2009) (PC)
The first true sequel to the classic 1988 Nintendo Entertainment System original, Bionic Commando sees the return of the bionically-enhanced Nathan ?Rad? Spencer, voiced by Mike Patton, the former lead singer of Faith No More. Time has not been kind to Spencer: 10 years after his heroic defeat of the Imperials in the original game, he has been betrayed by the government he swore to serve, imprisoned for crimes he didn?t commit, and sentenced to death. On the very day of Spencer?s execution, terrorists detonate a massive experimental weapon in Ascension City, unleashing an intense earthquake that has turned the city into rubble and wiped out its population. With the terrain in ruins and the city?s air defense grid now in the control of a massive terrorist force whose goal remains unclear, the FSA have only one option left - a behind-the-lines assault. The perfect job for a Bionic Commando. Bionic Commando transposes the swing-and-shoot gameplay of the 8-bit original to a stunning 3D environment of towering buildings, suspended roadways and monorails, deep canyons and sheer rock faces, where every environment is scalable using swinging, scaling, climbing and wall-walking techniques.
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OS: Windows XP/Vista
Processor: Pentium 4 @ 2 GHz or Equivalent
Memory: 1 GB
Hard Drive: 650 MB Free
Video Memory: 128 MB (nVidia GeForce 6600 GT)
Sound Card: DirectX Compatible
DirectX: 9.0c
Keyboard & Mouse
CD/DVD Rom Drive
Información (Cómo descargar - NUEVO: Ver Enlaces de Descarga actualizados al 2017):
http://ugotfile.com/file/577900/Bionic.Commando.2009.part01.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/577908/Bionic.Commando.2009.part02.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/577921/Bionic.Commando.2009.part03.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/577938/Bionic.Commando.2009.part04.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/577958/Bionic.Commando.2009.part05.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/577970/Bionic.Commando.2009.part06.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/577988/Bionic.Commando.2009.part07.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/577999/Bionic.Commando.2009.part08.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578012/Bionic.Commando.2009.part09.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578020/Bionic.Commando.2009.part10.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578029/Bionic.Commando.2009.part11.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578034/Bionic.Commando.2009.part12.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578044/Bionic.Commando.2009.part13.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578047/Bionic.Commando.2009.part14.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578056/Bionic.Commando.2009.part15.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578055/Bionic.Commando.2009.part16.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578074/Bionic.Commando.2009.part17.rar?rid=8238 http://ugotfile.com/file/578075/Bionic.Commando.2009.part18.rar?rid=8238


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This is a great home that has an upgraded, open livingroom with a fireplace and tile through out. There are 3BR and 3 bathrooms. The kitchen is bright and cheerful with a window right over the sink. The backyard has mature trees and great views. Available Now. More details (copy → Read More
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Management Seminar for College News Editors
July 24-29, 2016
More than 50 college journalists from across the U.S. will learn leadership, management and content development skills at Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication on July 24-29 at the 21st annual Management Seminar for College News Editors (MSCNE).
Sponsored by the Cox Institute for Journalism Innovation, Management and Leadership and directed by Cecil Bentley, the seminar will be led by nearly 20 educators and industry professionals. The late Conrad Fink started the program in 1996 to better prepare campus news editors for top management positions at their news organizations.
Featured presenters this year include: Frank LoMonte, executive director of the Student Press Law Center; Butch Ward, senior faculty at The Poynter Institute; Akili Ramsess, executive director of the National Press Photographers Association; Selwyn Crawford (ABJ '81), team leader/special writer for The Dallas Morning News; John Reetz, owner of Media Solutions Partners; Sherrie Marshall, executive editor of The Macon Telegraph; Mark Fomil, mobile content specialist at The Weather Channel; and photojournalist Billy Weeks.
Grady faculty Keith Herndon (ABJ '82), Barry Hollander, Mark Johnson and Pat Thomas also will lead sessions.
On Wednesday, the group will travel to Atlanta and meet with reporters, editors and producers at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution and WSB-TV in the morning and at CNN in the afternoon. Rodney Thrash, AJC's Atlanta Now coach, and Paul Crum, CNN's vice president of U.S. news operations, will host and help lead these sessions.
On Thursday afternoon, student editors will gain hands-on multimedia experience and participate in a simulated news event that involves UGA public safety and communications officials.
Pictures will be added throughout the week to Grady's Flickr account.
For more information, contact:
Cecil Bentley
Assistant Director
James M. Cox Jr. Institute for Journalism Innovation, Management and Leadership
Grady College
The University of Georgia
(706) 542-4993


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $23.05 (46% off)
100% satisfied
Posted by Reviewer1229721 on Sep 15, 2011
Great protein with many extra benefits, love it, am ordering more tonight!!! It has really helped with my digestive system and given me extra energy.
Good Powder
Posted by Reviewer1949520 on Sep 13, 2012
I haven't been religious about using this powder everyday, so I haven't truly noticed a difference. I love the ingredients, and when mixed with orange juice or blended, they don't taste too strong. My energy levels have remained the same, but I'm hoping if I stick with it, they will improve! Definitely enjoy the product, but cannot fully report yet.
Posted by Reviewer3030776 on Oct 11, 2012
Ok taste, but texture is a bit rough and powdery (if that combo is possible). Have used other green/superfood blends, Dr. Schulze's Superfood being the best tasting, IMO. Did not notice any physical changes with use, though I am healthy in general, so wasn't expecting any real shift. Used it like taking a daily multi-vitamin.
Posted by LiubaB on Aug 04, 2013
I can't say i love the taste. I take it after a workout and it is nice - I get both protein and greens. However, I will order just greens for a change next. Also, had some stomack pains after it - don't know if it is related to this.
tastes good
Posted by 5699425959588916357 on Sep 16, 2013
Not as an energy booster as other greens drinks. perhaps .. the inadequate doze of ingredients was made. Good price, no side effect and worth to try anyway !!
Posted by 5308835524231888171 on Dec 25, 2013
Its okay!
Posted by 4957094495486095700 on Jan 28, 2014
Tastes ok. Drinkable. Not like other stuff almost makes you ....
Good product
Posted by 5112546149074571193 on Feb 15, 2014
(Sorry for my french) I chose this product in order to help my hair grow faster by mixing it with MSM ; but it doesn't work on me unfortunately. Anyway I think this product is full of great things for health, it doesn't tast that bad if you mix it with a smoothy...
asa si asa
Posted by 4938584395013151436 on Aug 11, 2016
Are un gust si miros specific , ne-a fost greu sa ne obisnuim , nu am simtit cine stie ce schimbari semnificative , nu cred ca voi mai achizitiona a doua oara! Dar e bine sa incercati pe propia piele*, cea mai sigura metoda de invatare !
haven't used much yet
Posted by Reviewer1874528 on Mar 04, 2010
not much to say yet
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Law enforcement officers had been looking for David Pete Dove, a 54-year-old Linton man, since last August because he is a convicted sex offender who they say failed to register as required by law.
Dove is considered a sexually violent predator and is required to register with the sheriff's department for the rest of his life.
He was apprehended on April 27.
He managed to elude them for awhile, but Chief Troy Jerrell of the Linton Police Department said Dove was taken into custody as a result of a tip to the Crimestoppers hotline.
LPD Officer Nick Yingling made the arrest around 9 a.m. last Saturday. Yingling reported that he found Dove hiding in the closet of a bedroom at a residence on County Road 200N just west of CR 1000W.
When Dove failed to respond to numerous attempts to contact him, Deputy James O'Malley of the Greene County Sheriff's Department was dispatched to investigate.
Dove's last contact with Denise Andrew, the Greene County Sheriff's Department's Sex and Violent Offender Registrar, was on August 29, 2012. On that day, Dove contacted Andrew by phone and informed her that he was moving to 39 SW D Street in Linton. He said he would come by the office to change his address in person and update his photograph.
Dove is required to update his photograph every 90 days and notify the registrar in person within three days of any address change.
Andrew reported that Dove failed to show up and several unsuccessful attempts were made by deputies to contact him in person at that address to verify that he lived there.
Andrew also reported that a certified letter was sent to Dove at the address given and that the post office made several attempts to deliver it before returning it with a stamp that said, "Return to sender, unclaimed, unable to forward."
The last time an attempt was made, in April, to locate Dove at the SW D Street address, Deputy O'Malley reported the home was unoccupied and appeared to be in a state of demolition or reconstruction. O'Malley said he and other deputies also checked on Dove's previous address in Linton numerous times but determined he had not been living there.
A warrant was issued for Dove's arrest back in December, on a petition to revoke his probation and suspended sentence. Dove appeared in Greene Superior Court on Tuesday for a hearing on this charge. A motion was made to set bond -- denied by Judge Dena Martin.
Another arrest warrant was issued this week after a new case filed against Dove in Greene Superior Court. He was due to appear in court for an initial hearing on Friday morning to be charged with failure to register as a sex offender, a class D felony.
David Pete Dove was convicted of criminal deviate conduct in Greene Superior Court on Aug. 25, 2003. Dove, who was 44 at the time, was sentenced to 16 years in prison after entering a plea of guilty to one count of criminal deviate conduct, a class B felony, as part of a negotiated plea agreement. As part of the agreement, five counts of class B felony rape were dismissed.
Dove was ordered to serve the time in the Indiana Department of Corrections, with nine of the 16 years suspended. He was to then be on probation for nine years. He was ordered to pay a $100 fine plus court costs and not have contact with any of the victims involved.
The case began May 25, 2001 when Dove was charged with rape and criminal deviate conduct. He was arrested and released from jail after posting 10 percent of his $30,000 bond.
However, more victims came forward and Dove was arrested again on May 31, 2001 by Linton Police Officers Chad Crynes and Duane Collenbaugh after LPD Det. Sgt. Troy Jerrell (now LPD Police Chief) filed three more counts of rape against Dove involving three more women. On July 10, 2001, the fifth count of rape was added to the list of charges.
Dove is currently being held without bond in the Greene County Jail.


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Nomura takes ObjectStore: As RMO went to press, London-based Nomura International announced it had licensed the ObjectStore object-oriented database system from U.S.-based vendor Object Design. According to vendor officials, Nomura will use ObjectStore as a cache manager in its £30 million project to build a Europe-wide integrated trading, risk management and back office system. Novell in finance: PC networking giant Novell has announced plans to enter the financial data distribution market....
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Tropical Carrot Cake Recipe
- 3 large eggs
- 3/4 cup canola oil
- 3/4 cup buttermilk
- 2 cups all-purpose flour
- 2 cups sugar
- 2 teaspoons baking soda
- 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
- 2 cups finely shredded carrots
- 1 cup raisins
- 1 can (8 ounces) crushed pineapple, undrained
- 1 cup chopped walnuts
- 1 cup flaked coconut
- 1 package (8 ounces) cream cheese, softened
- 4 to 4-1/2 cups confectioners' sugar
- 1 to 2 tablespoons heavy whipping cream
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 1. In a large bowl, beat eggs, oil and buttermilk. Combine flour, sugar, baking soda, cinnamon and salt; add to egg mixture and mix well. Stir in vanilla, carrots, raisins, pineapple, walnuts and coconut; mix well. Pour into a greased 13-in. x 9-in. baking pan. Bake at 350° for 45-50 minutes or until cake tests done. Cool.
- 2. For frosting, beat all ingredients in a bowl until smooth. Frost cake. Yield: 12-16 servings.
Nutritional Facts
1 piece: 552 calories, 23g fat (7g saturated fat), 57mg cholesterol, 320mg sodium, 83g carbohydrate (64g sugars, 2g fiber), 7g protein.
Reviews for Tropical Carrot Cake
"I only have non fat milk in my house, will it be that much different?"
"This exact recipe has been passed down in my family for 4 generations. It is an excellent cake."
"Made this several times. Best carrot cake recipe I have ever tried. Absolutely wonderful.Only one I make now."
"excellent cake! love, love loved it"
"Made this carrot cake. Everyone loved it . Neighbors asked for more and asked if they could have some when I made it again."
"I was a disaster. Ended up in a bin."
"Judy from PAI have made carrot cake with pineapple for a long time, but this one takes the prize."
"This cake was very simple and tasted great with the coconut."
"Great for an easy carrot cake. I did substitute applesauce for the oil and it worked fine. I'll make this one again."
"I've been searching for a good (scratch) Carrot cake recipe, and this one looks as though I've finally found it! I have most of the ingredients on hand, so I'll give it a 'dry run' this weekend for my family. I was asked to bring a dessert to our friend's Labor Day cookout, so I'll most likely bring this delicious sounding cake. It sounds SOOO yummy!!"
"Made for a church gathering & it was a big hit. Didn't change a thing."
"Love this recipe. I make this ever Christmas, gotten so many compliments on it. enjoy baking and cooking, enjoy looking at all the recipes."
"Actually, this recipe is practically identical to the recipe for Frosted Carrot cake which I'd tested 12/27/14! I'd just used 1 tsp. of salt! I'd used 7/8 cup of evaporated milk which I'd soured with 1 Tbsp. cider vinegar and I had used 3/4 cup vegetable oil! I'd used a can of pineapple slices in their own juice which I'd crushed in my food processor and then measured out 1 cup. I'd omitted the nuts as there are folks who show a sensitivity to nuts!I'd baked the batter in a 12x8" greased and floured pan, one 5" mini greased and floured loaf pan and 6 muffin pans with paper liners and used a 40 to 45 minute baking time. The eggs, oil, flour, cinnamon, baking soda, I kept as is-also the amount of carrots and raisins (1 cup raisins) mixed with 1/8 cup all-purpose flour and I'd used 1/2 packed brown sugar and 1/2 white sugar. The vanilla I'd kept as is: 2 tsp. I really scaled back on icing the 12x8" cake by making icing from 4 oz. cream cheese, 1/4 cup butter OR margarine, softened, 1-1/2 cups confectioners' sugar and 1 tsp. vanilla extract! This recipe is excellent! I took the cake to my chapel for our coffee fellowship and it was served this morning! The bread and muffins also went along! Thank you for this recipe! Since this recipe is practically the same as the Frosted Carrot cake with the exception of the amount of confectioner's sugar used in the icing, looking this recipe over, I figured I'd rate this one as well! It's amazing how so very much alike these 2 recipes are! delowenstein"
"This is the only carrot cake I make - it's a hit every time. Serves many hungry people and is actually good for you."
"One of the best cakes I've ever had!! (although I used store-bought icing, so I can't comment on that part) It was deliciously moist, sweet, and addictive!"
"I just found this recipe and from now on this is the only one I will make. Even a friend who is an excellent carrot cake maker said this was better than hers."
"Moist and chock full of goodies, this cake is delicious. It's easy to make too, especially if you are serving it directly from the pan."
"After making this recipe I never ever made a boxed cake again. Back in 2003 I added a twist to the recipe and added jalepeno's to the mix and a lil tabasco sauce. And jazzed up the frosting with a dash of tequila and some lime and orange zest for a friends bridal shower and it was a hit."
"I have been making this cake faithfully from the day I first saw the recipe way back in the mid-90's. My only change is I do not add raisins. I cannot say how many times I have been asked for the recipe or how many 'awesome' comments I have heard about it. Generally, I use a canned frosting in place of the real thing."
"Took this to my sister's for Easter. Not only was it a big hit that day, but the next time the family came to my house they requested that I make it again. A sure sign of a winner. Moist and flavorful."
"Just love this recipe! I use to make it several times a year then lost the recipe. I just found it using this browser. Thank you so much!"
"This cake is awesome. I made it the first time for staff at school and I had people calling me at home to rave about it. People ask for me to make it all the time. One recommendation is to use parchment in the cake pan because it is so moist. I have doubled the recipe to make a half sheet size, made it once as a 9x13, and several times as a three layer 8" cake. People cannot get enough of this cake. Thanks for sharing this awesome recipe."


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Al Mourouj Inn Hotel
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On our way!
... we resigned ourself to a three hour check in the next day to try to rectify matters.
Turns out luck was on our side and after a lot of pleading and our check in agent disappearing to discuss with his manager, we were allocated seats together. Turns out they were the exit row seats. Result! I am now just hoping that that was the only thing to 'slip my mind'.
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It is your time to feel fulfilled in your life, with the clarity of what you want and the courage to make your dreams a reality.
Express yourself through spontaneous dance and find your natural well-being. Classes held through out Halifax, NS.
Center yourself with the practice of yoga. Discover mind, body and spirit awareness through this slow-paced yoga class.
Articles that will get you thinking and offer tools to help you cultivate personal change.


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Committee on Undergraduate Education
(Seats 2 students-at-large. Meets twice per month for an hour and a half.) Advises the Academic Coordinating Commission on all curriculum matters related to General Education. University Committee. For more information on this commitee please visit: https://www.wwu.edu/facultysenate/B_ACC%20CUE%20&%20GURs/CUE_MAIN_Index.shtml
To apply for this (or any other) committee, fill out this form.