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Mah Sing, JACARANDA, Garden Residence, Cyberjaya, Selangor
Property Details
3-STOREY SEMI-D AN EXCLUSIVE, GATED & GUARDED, PREMIER LIFESTYLE Resort Home CYBERJAYA, Malaysia's Most Intelligent Garden City FREEHOLD Garden Residence is conceptualized as a self-sustained freehold community within a garden resort environment with a Resort Clubhouse and communal retail amenities, all built around a unique and desirable garden theme & thoughtful architectural style. * Type: JACARANDA * Land Size 40x80, 5+1 Bedrooms 5 Baths * Spacious Built-up Approximately 3,683 sqft * Partly Furnished for Expatriates / Family * 4 units of Air-Conditioners * Complete Kitchen cabinet with Hob and Hood & Dual Sink * Alarm System * Centralized Solar-Powered Water Heater System * Centralized Filteration System & Booster Pump System Superior accessibility thru Networks of Highways and Road Systems i.e. Maju Expressway, North-South (ELITE) and Lebuhraya Damansara Puchong (LDP). Cyberjaya houses 3 International Universities and over 500 Multinational & Local Corporations. Its infrastructure & amenities is of International Standards, and Cyberjaya is also known as the Garden ICT Park. Kindly contact Patsy @017-244 5755 for Viewing Arrangement or e-mail to email@example.com for more information. ************************************************************** REGISTERED SENIOR REAL ESTATE NEGOTIATOR for REAPFIELD PUCHONG (REN04446) ************************************************************** ***OWNERS ARE WELCOME TO LIST*** ++ PUCHONG SPECIALIST ++ ***OWNERS ARE WELCOME TO LIST*** *** PUCHONG SPECIALIST***
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Product Details
Style: BARE ACCESS ARC
The Merrell Bare Access Arc Shoe brings the barefoot running shoe style to distance runners. These offer a bit more cushioning, but still give you the muscle-building benefits of a barefoot style. The upper material is treated with DWR to repel water and prevent staining, and the inside is anti-microbial to prevent odor buildup.
- Minimalist barefoot running shoe style
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- 0mm drop to promote a more natural stride
- 8mm M Bound sole for added comfort as you adjust to barefoot running
- DWR repels water and prevents staining
- Anti-microbial to prevent odor buildup
- Lycra neoprene footbed provides some
- Vegan friendly
- Flexible sole with sticky rubber pods for good traction
Questions and Answers
ASK A QUESTION Got questions about this product? Ask them here. Got questions about anything else? Please see our FAQ.
Reviewed by 1 customer
These are very light weight shoes. I had to give them a 4 instead of a 5 because the bottom is real thin. I guess that's why they are called barefoot. I put inserts in them to feel a little more cushion on the bottom. Very nice looking shoe!
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text: I began my professional career with IBM Corporation in 1964. In 1970, I joined Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. as a pension specialist. Four years later In 1974, I founded JTV&A, a consulting firm specializing in retirement plan design and administration. Over the last 38 years, I've guided well over 900 plans for small, privately held companies.


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Scientist wants to make snowflake formation crystal-clear
Kenneth Libbrecht has spent much of his career feeding the public's endless fascination with the beauty and mystery of snowflakes.
Kenneth Libbrecht has spent much of his career feeding the public's endless fascination with the beauty and mystery of snowflakes.
The EPA estimates the changes will keep up to 17,000 people from dying prematurely each year and prevent 11,000 non-fatal heart attacks.
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Switching to choices with little or no added sugar could be a better way to start the day. Here are the most sugary, and some alternatives.
The Cockerell bumblebee, the rarest species of bumblebee in the United States,has been rediscovered in New Mexico. It was last seen in 1956.
This year's flu season is off to a mild start, but confirmed cases have been seen in 30 states.
Women who ate an average of half a cup of rice a day ingested an amount of arsenic equal to drinking water containing arsenic.
Both chefs and food safety experts agree
A vaccine and a feed additive could bring down potential E. coli contamination to negligible levels, but who should pay for them?
A noisy fight against rising tuition costs and the use of force against demonstrations shut down a teleconferenced regents meeting Monday.
America is under siege
Experts say there are safe ways to roast a frozen turkey.
An outbreak of E. coli linked to unpasteurized milk has curtailed operations at the nation's largest raw milk dairy until at least Dec. 1.
A new tool is being used by public health officials to figure out what makes people sick: the lowly shopper-loyalty card.
Sky watchers will have two good times to view this year's Leonid meteor shower in the USA.
Back rubs are so wonderful even lowly fish benefit from them.
A fisheries commission has stepped in to try to rebuild the population of an East Coast fish whose connections to American history run deep.
The fall of the Gadhafi regime in Libya could open up a treasure trove of archeological sites about a lost pre-Islamic civilization from the time of Christ that has been remarkably preserved under desert sands.
Winemakers find picking grapes in the dead of night results in better wine, lower energy costs and happier workers.


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5 Pages
Describing the Unconventional Behaviors of the Ku Klux Klan
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Pages: 5
Word Count: 1,337
Category: Sociology
Word Count: 1,337
Pages: 5
Racism is a certain kind of prejudice based on faulty reasoning and inflexible generalizations toward a specific group The word prejudice comes from the Latin noun praejudicium which means a judgment based on previous decisions formed before the facts were known If a person allows their prejudiced beliefs to block the progress of another it is discrimination Those who exclude all members of a race from certain types of employment housing political rights educational opportunities or a social interactions are guilty of racial discrimination For centuries conflicts have taken place among three main races Caucasian Asian and Negro ranging from snobbish social exclusion to state- sponsored genocide Racism is an unmerited fear or dislike of a people because of their ethnic heritage When colour is not a reason other reasons such as language religion nationality education sex or age become the reason of prejudice Sociologists historians anthropologists and archeologists believe racial discrimination happens more often and most harshly when two groups with different skin colours and unique physical features come into contact with each other and the two compete for the same thing History shows that all attempts at a racial dominance result in conflict and avoidance But some communities without disturbed racial conflict can take advantage of all its citizens potential and move toward elimination Our hate is caused by witnessing the behaviour of the Ku Klux Klan our unfavourable feeling toward a person without actual facts and the verbal abuse that we get almost every day of our lives if not us then there is someone in the world being hurt right this very minute The most effective way which I believe this issue can start to be stopped is by talking it out rationally without involving racism at that point in time and bringing everybody together as equal as the next Africans were brought to the
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It makes your hair down. It was so very nice smell. Soap - This cream is amazing.


text:
Sikandrabad snapshot
Rank 3Ranked 3 of 9,
in Bulandshahr
About Sikandrabad
Sikandrabad is mainly an industrial area, which is located around 18 km from the city of Bulandshahr. This industrial area is situated on the main GT Road connecting the place towith New Delhi. All types of paints, pharmaceuticals, textiles, cement, electronic and steel industries are located in this industrial area. This industrial area is connected by major roadways and rail routes with Delhi.
The closest railway station from Sikandrabad is situated at around 6 km at Dankaur. It is also connected with important cities like Gulaothi, Khurja, Dadri, Dankaur, Jhajjar and Noida via roadways. Sikandrabad is popular for it's cold storage, milk production and pipe factories that are developed by UPSIDC (Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation).
Cleanliness Quotient
1. Title should summarise your review
2. Elaborate. Instead of 'Good sightseeing place', write, 'Beautiful temple with intricate architecture' or 'Kid-friendly park but limited rides'
Other sightseeing options in Bulandshahr
- Villages (3)
- Religious... (2)
- Historic Places (1)
- Offbeat... (3)
Best time to visit Bulandshahr with family
- Jan
- Feb
- Mar
- Apr
- May
- Jun
- Jul
- Aug
- Sep
- Oct
- Nov
- Dec


text:
bsue57 Review
Iron & Wicker Bakers Rack
I thought that this item was easy to put together and looks great as a finished project The only complaint I have is that the instructions are kind of murky so you just have to put it together with common sense. I was expecting to have problems with the allen wrench after reading a previous review but ended up having no problems. This item is definitely worth the price.
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MILWAUKEE -- Brewers officials will head to Nashville, Tenn., on Sunday night to scour the Winter Meetings for pitching. They need relievers and probably at least one starter, but it's just as notable what they do not need. Milwaukee does not need any starting position players, assuming general manager Doug Melvin is content to field the same group that led the National League in runs, home runs and stolen bases last season. If the Brewers stand pat in the field, it will allow Melvin and his staff to focus on arms...
Brewers in Favorable Spot Heading into Meetings
From MLB.com
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Mike McGinnis/Getty Images


text:
Topic: Programmatic TV
Oreo and Ritz Mark First Super Bowl Ads to Be Purchased Programmatically
Regional Mondelez spots are game changers
By Garett Sloane on Jan. 30, 2015 - 8:00 AM EST
Oreo is back to its old savvy marketing self with a plan for the Super Bowl that's sure to excite ad geeks. Its parent company, Mondelez, is the first to…
More Top Media Publications Trust Programmatic For Premium Ad Inventory
Time Inc., News Corp., American Media, Wenner Media get on board
By Michelle Castillo on Dec. 23, 2014 - 4:12 PM EST
More top publishers are opting into programmatic ad networks to sell premium advertising. Varick Media Management recently signed deals with Time Inc., News Corp., American Media Inc. and Wenner Media and…
Video Ad Tech Player's Stock Jumps Almost 50% on First Day of Trading
TubeMogul priced low in its IPO
By Garett Sloane on Jul. 18, 2014 - 1:27 PM EDT
TubeMogul's first day on Wall Street started off with a pop of the champagne cork—and was followed by a huge jump in stock price. The ad tech company held its…
ABC Taps New Programming Sales Chief
Mike Dean joins from Videology
By Erik Oster on Jul. 11, 2014 - 3:34 PM EDT
ABC has hired Mike Dean as its new vp, programmatic and data-driven sales, The Wall Street Journal reports. Dean joins the Disney-owned network from ad tech firm Videology, where he was…
Will Programmatic Advertising Take Over TV?
Point, counter-point by Adweek experts
Jun. 24, 2014 - 6:09 AM EDT
Illustration: Alvaro Dominguez YES Who needs ratings when you can buy TV impressions? All you need is a defined audience, the ability to deliver an ad wherever a person is viewing and…


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Town Square
Sort by: Most recent topic/comment Most viewed Most comments
Navigation tip: Clicking on any category label will display all recent posts in that category
SCHOOLS & KIDSGunn, Paly land on top 100 'Gold Medal List'
Both Gunn and Palo Alto high schools have ranked in U.S. News and World Report's 2010 "Gold Medal List" of America's top...Original post made on Dec. 14, 2009
Last comment by OhlonePar, on Dec 24, 2009 at 4:09 pm | 25 comments | 5965 Views
MOVIESAnd the Oscar goes to...
LEGO characters were the stars when Brendan Bellomo made his first films as a kid growing up in Palo Alto. Read the full...Original post made on Dec. 24, 2009
Last comment by Mark Weiss, on Dec 24, 2009 at 1:39 pm | 1 comment | 6200 Views
SPORTSOne more construction job for Stanford football
Chris Marinelli and the rest of the Stanford football team's Tunnel Workers Union have their work cut out for them one more...Original post made on Dec. 24, 2009
Last comment by Cardinal Fan, on Dec 24, 2009 at 11:21 am | 1 comment | 2600 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESSanta Clara bus, light-rail service cuts coming
Major cutbacks in bus and light-rail service will hit Santa Clara County transit riders in January, the Valley Transportation...Original post made on Dec. 21, 2009
Last comment by Mike, on Dec 24, 2009 at 9:19 am | 18 comments | 2998 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESEditorial: Review of Taser use is timely and necessary
No fatalities have occurred from the seven instances in which Palo Alto police officers have used Tasers to help subdue or...Original post made on Dec. 20, 2009
Last comment by bill, on Dec 23, 2009 at 10:22 pm | 12 comments | 2191 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESTrain has been stopped just south of Chareston for the past hour
Does anyone have confirmation on why? I assume its another suicide. ...Original post made by Glenn on Dec. 23, 2009
Last comment by qq, on Dec 23, 2009 at 8:42 pm | 3 comments | 1907 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESA changing vision
Most Palo Altans never hear about the Comprehensive Plan. If they do, they're usually livid about a proposed new building...Original post made on Dec. 19, 2009
Last comment by Civitas, on Dec 23, 2009 at 2:43 pm | 24 comments | 3547 Views
ISSUES BEYOND PALO ALTOBoy in Florida Killed by Weimaraner
Given all the pit bull hysteria I have seen on Town Square, I wanted to link an article as a reminder that all dogs can bite,...Original post made by Hmmm on Dec. 22, 2009
Last comment by Commander McBragg, on Dec 22, 2009 at 8:40 pm | 3 comments | 2276 Views
AROUND TOWNLong jury wait could mean death for Alvarez
The longer a jury takes to decide the sentence for Alberto Alvarez, the stronger the possibility the jurors could recommend...Original post made on Dec. 22, 2009
There are no comments yet. 2511 Views
AROUND TOWNVIDEO: New Lytton Plaza opens in Palo Alto
Lytton Plaza is back and it's cleaner, busier and splashier than ever. City officials celebrated the plaza's reopening with...Original post made on Dec. 19, 2009
Last comment by buddy, on Dec 22, 2009 at 1:14 pm | 14 comments | 3395 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTSBody of local nurse found, one year later
The body of Donna Dowell, an El Camino Hospital nurse who went missing a year ago, has been found by a hiker near Calaveras...Original post made on Dec. 16, 2009
Last comment by TMM, on Dec 22, 2009 at 8:08 am | 4 comments | 2119 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTSJury convicts M-A track coach for pushing boy
After a four-day trial, a San Mateo County jury on Friday convicted a longtime Menlo-Atherton High School cross-country coach...Original post made on Dec. 15, 2009
Last comment by Steve C, on Dec 22, 2009 at 1:54 am | 25 comments | 2044 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTSAlvarez jury still weighing life or death
Jurors in San Mateo County who are deliberating a possible death sentence for Alberto Alvarez versus a life in prison failed...Original post made on Dec. 18, 2009
Last comment by ernie, on Dec 21, 2009 at 10:03 pm | 9 comments | 2465 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTS2.2-magnitude quake hits in Santa Clara County
The U.S. Geological Survey is reported that an earthquake with a magnitude of 2.2 struck Sunday afternoon in Santa Clara...Original post made on Dec. 21, 2009
Last comment by Kate, on Dec 21, 2009 at 9:05 pm | 8 comments | 2066 Views
SPORTSNo. 2 Stanford women all set for No. 1 UConn
Tara VanDerveer decided to put things into perspective after the Stanford women's basketball team put together one of its...Original post made on Dec. 21, 2009
Last comment by Palo Alto Online, on Dec 21, 2009 at 8:05 pm | 2 comments | 2383 Views
ISSUES BEYOND PALO ALTOHonduras
The OAS is now expelling Honduras because its democratically elected Congress, and Supreme Court, are trying to stick with...Original post made by Perspective on Jul. 5, 2009
Last comment by update, on Dec 21, 2009 at 6:58 pm | 35 comments | 2421 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESSurvey: Palo Altans more vigilant about trees
Palo Altans see their city as a mecca for parks, schools and quality jobs, but most believe the city's child care services...Original post made on Dec. 17, 2009
Last comment by Facts, on Dec 21, 2009 at 9:54 am | 13 comments | 3120 Views
ISSUES BEYOND PALO ALTOTrouble in Denmark
As a fan of Obama I want my President to lead, but my disappointment with him is has been measured by his lack of achievements....Original post made by Ready Kilowatt on Dec. 18, 2009
Last comment by Walter_E_Wallis, on Dec 21, 2009 at 8:41 am | 22 comments | 2065 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSEncore
Ensconced in her family's living room, Starr Johanssen stared peacefully down at the black and white keys that lay silent...Original post made on Dec. 20, 2009
Last comment by Quincy Delp, on Dec 20, 2009 at 11:53 pm | 1 comment | 2571 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSSchool parcel tax vote likely in May, not April
The Palo Alto Board of Education Tuesday postponed a decision on whether to ask voters to replace the current school parcel...Original post made on Dec. 16, 2009
Last comment by Jim H., on Dec 20, 2009 at 11:06 pm | 3 comments | 1986 Views
Tava Kitchen shutters in Palo Alto
By Elena Kadvany | 17 comments | 21,648 views
Top 6 Issues Affecting Seniors to keep an eye on as Donald Trump takes over
By Max Greenberg | 6 comments | 3,540 views
By Chandrama Anderson | 0 comments | 1,382 views
Packing for the Women's March
By Sally Torbey | 10 comments | 815 views


text:
Suprofen Ophthalmic Dosage
Applies to the following strength(s): 1%
The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Usual Adult Dose for:
Usual Adult Dose for Inhibition of Intraoperative Miosis
2 drops in the conjunctival sac at 3, 2 and 1 hour(s) prior to surgery to prevent intraoperative miosis. 2 drops may be instilled into the conjunctival sac once every 4 hours while awake the day before surgery.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 9, 1983
|Filing date
|Nov 19, 1981
|Priority date
|Jun 2, 1980
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Siddhartha Sarkar
|Original Assignee
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (5), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a division of U.S. patent appliction Ser. No. 155,227 filed June 2, 1980 and now U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,026 granted Apr. 20, 1982.
The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for fractionating living cells according to specific physical characteristics. More particularly the present invention relates to a flowcell fractionator apparatus for obtaining from human semen enriched quantities of male and female sperm in physically separate fractions utilizing the hydrodynamic behavior of sperm in laminar flow.
Both the total number of sperm in an ejaculate and the percentage of sperm thereof which are motile, i.e. capable of progressive swimming movements, can be used as measures of the fertility of the sample, i.e. the liklihood that the sample will achieve fertilization. The motility of sperm has been observed since the earliest use of the microscope of Leeuwenhoek. The variety of techniques which have been developed to assess sperm motility have been summarized by R. W. Atherton in an article entitled "Evaluation of Sperm Motility" published in Techniques of Human Andrology, edited by E. S. E. Hafez, Chapter 7, pages 173-187, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, 1977. On pages 181-182 of that article there is described a combination flowcell and spectrophotometer specially adapted for analyzing sperm motility based on orienting sperm in a flowing liquid, and then evaluating their return to randomness. While sperm motility analysis provides valuable information for determining fertility, it does not generally provide physically isolated enriched quantities of male and female fractions useable for artificial insemination.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,087 of Ericsson discloses a method of isolating a sperm fraction having a substantially enriched content of male (Y chromosome bearing) sperm. A special albumin solution is placed in a pipette and the albumin is overlaid with sperm. Male sperm swim to the bottom of the solution and the remainder can be culled off.
It would be desirable to provide a simpler, more effective way of obtaining enriched quantities of male and female sperm in physically separate fractions, and to ensure that the sperm in such fractions are motile and viable. It could be used to reduce the incidence of unsuccessful artificial inseminations of domestic animals, e.g. mares and cows. It could also be used to increase a man's natural fertility and to boost a couple's chances of having a boy.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus for obtaining enriched quantities of male and female sperm in physically separate fractions.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for fractionating a wide variety of cells according to different physical characteristics thereof.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for separating male and female sperm by utilizing the hydrodynamic behavior of sperm under laminar flow conditions.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus which will enable the hydrodynamic behavior of sperm and other cells under laminar flow conditions to be observed and photographed under a microscope.
According to one embodiment of the present invention a prewarmed nutrient fluid is delivered by an infusion pump to a cap fit over the lower end of a vertical pipette. The nutrient fluid is introduced through three inlets in the cap. The three nutrient fluid inlets are directed to focus a cell suspension fluid injected through a central inlet in the cap. The cell suspension fluid is focused at a confluence region of the laminar flow generated by the incoming streams of nutrient fluid. The flow rate and pipette diameter are carefully chosen so that as the fluid level rises in the pipette a vertical gradient of different fractions of cells is established. When the pipette is nearly filled, fractions are collected at vertically spaced locations within the fluid column. This is done by inserting hypodermic needles through vertically spaced holes in the pipette. Sleeves made of an elastomeric material cover the holes in the pipette and are pierced by the hypodermic needles. In the case of human sperm, the various fluids are maintained at approximately 36� plus or minus 1� C. and the nutrient medium is specially adapted to maintain human sperm motility for long periods of time.
The present invention also provides a micro-flowcell fractionator apparatus for permitting the hydrodynamic behavior of sperm and other cells under laminar flow conditions to be observed and photographed through a microscope. This apparatus includes a rectangular frame having a central cutout region. Upper and lower glass slides overlie the frame and seal the cutout region to define a chamber. Triangular shaped projections forming part of the frame extend into the chamber at opposite ends thereof. A cell suspension fluid is introduced into the chamber at the apex of a first one of the triangular projections. Nutrient fluid is introduced through a pair of inlets on opposite sides of the cell suspension fluid inlet and adjacent the base of the triangular projection. The streams of fluid from the nutrient inlets thus create laminar flow within the chamber and focus the cells injected through the nutrient fluid inlet. The other end of the chamber has three corresponding and similarly positioned outlets. Micro-samples of fractionated material can be collected from the outlet which opens at the apex of the second triangular projection.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a complete flowcell fractionator apparatus constructed in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view, with portions broken away, of a pipette cap which forms a part of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. 1 illustrating the manner in which the cell suspension and nutrient fluids are injected into a single pipette and the manner in which a fluid sample containing a cell fraction is withdrawn.
FIG. 4 is a top plan view, with portions broken away, of a micro-flowcell fractionator apparatus constructed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. It is utilized in a horizontal orientation for observing the hydrodynamic behavior of cells in lamanar flow under a microscope.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the micro-flowcell fractionator apparatus of FIG. 4 taking along line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
Throughout figures like reference numerals refer to like parts unless otherwise indicated.
The two embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention which are described hereafter are particularly adapted for obtaining enriched quantities of male and female sperm is physically separate fractions and for permitting the observation of sperm hydrodynamic behavior in laminar flow. However, as more fully explained hereafter, the apparatus of the present invention can be utilized to fractionate cells other than human sperm according to a variety of criteria other than sex.
It is well known that motile sperm generally move upstream in a fluid against the direction of flow. This is because the flow generates a drag on the tail of the sperm which orients the head of the sperm so that it faces the direction of flow. Since motile sperm generally swim in a forward direction, sperm will move forward if their swimming velocity exceeds the flow rate. It is well known that motile sperm swim at different velocities. Generally female X sperm swim at slower velocities than male X sperm. I have discovered that enriched quantities of male and female sperm can be obtained in physically separate fractions from semen by utilizing the sperm hydrodynamic behavior in laminar flow. As used herein the term "laminar flow" refers to a streamlined, uniform flow in a fluid near a solid boundary without any significant turbulence.
Referring to FIG. 1, a first embodiment 10 of the flowcell fractionator apparatus includes an environmental chamber 12 which houses a plurality of vertically mounted elongate vessels or pipettes 14-17. In FIG. 1, the pipette 16 is connected for receiving nutrient and cell suspension fluids from a pair of manually operable syringes 18 and 20 and an infusion pump 22 including three electromechanically operated syringes 24, 26, and 28. A frame is provided within the environmental chamber for supporting the pipettes in precise vertical orientation. The frame includes a pair of heavy rectangular bases 30 and 32 having vertically extending rods 34 aand 36, respectively, secured thereto. A pair of horizontally extending rods 38 and 40 are ridgidly secured at their ends to the vertical rods 34 and 36 at vertically spaced locations by clamps 42. The pipettes 14-17 are secured to the upper and lower horizontal rods 38 and 40 by any suitable means such as adhesive but are preferably connected with clamps (not shown) so that the pipettes can be quickly replaced after use.
In order to obtain best results with regard to the fractionation of live cells, the cells must be suspended in a suitable nutrient fluid maintained at a temperature near that of their normal environment. Therefore, the apparatus of FIG. 1 includes a 600 watt electric heater with a fan (not shown) which delivers warm air through a louvered vent 44 in the rear wall of the environmental chamber 12. The front of the environmental chamber is preferably sealed, for example, with a removable layer of clear plastic 46. In the case of human sperm, the electric heater for the environmental chamber is thermostatically controlled to maintain the ambient air within the chamber at a temperature of approximately 36� plus or minus 1� C.
The temperature may be monitored by observing a thermometer 47 mounted to the ceiling of the environmental chamber. For best results, the fluid within the syringes 24, 26, and 28 should also be maintained at a temperature near that of the normal environment of the cells being fractionated. A second electric heater with a fan (not shown) may be positioned to blow warm air on the syringes of the infusion pump before and during the fractionation process.
The pipette 16 has a tapered open upper end, and an open lower end. A specially constructed cap 48 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is fit over the open lower end of the pipette 16 and sealed thereto by means of an O-ring 50. A cell suspension fluid inlet in the form of a tube 52 (FIG. 2) extends vertically and centrally through the cap 48. A cell suspension fluid is introduced in a vertical stream at the lower end of the chamber within the pipette at a location which coincides with the axis of the cylindrical chamber of the pipette. As shown in FIG. 2, the cell suspension fluid inlet 52 has a portion 52a extending above the bottom wall 54 of the cap.
Referring again to FIG. 2, a plurality of nutrient fluid inlets in the form of three angled tubes 56, 58 and 60 extend vertically through the bottom wall of the cap 48 at locations equally circumferentially spaced from each other and equally radially spaced from the cell suspension fluid inlet tube 52. The upper ends of the nutrient fluid inlets are flush with the bottom wall 54. The cell suspension and nutrient fluid inlets in the cap 48 are directed to establish a laminar flow longitudinally of the chamber within the vessel or pipette 16. A quantity of cell suspension fluid injected through the inlet 52 is focused at a central confluence region of the laminar flow generated by the incoming streams of nutrient fluid from the inlet 56, 58, and 60. By way of example, the inside diameter of the nutrient fluid and cell suspension fluid inlets may measure approximately 1.6 millimeters each.
Referring again to FIG. 1, hoses 62, 64, and 66 connect the nutrient fluid inlets 56, 58, and 60 (FIG. 2) with the syringes 24, 26, and 28 (FIG. 1) of the infusion pump 22, respectively. A short segment of hose 68 (FIG. 3) connects the cell suspension fluid inlet 52 with one leg of a three way T-shaped connector 70 (FIG. 1). Hoses 72 and 74 connect the other legs of the T-shaped connector with corresponding ones of the manually operable syringes 18 and 20, respectively.
In the apparatus of FIG. 1, pipettes have been utilized because they are readily available vessels which define small, elongate cylindrical chambers. Other vessels could be utilized. The essential flow parameters for optimal separation of human motile male and female sperm, and dead sperm, have been found experimentally to be dependent upon the flow rate and the diameter of the interior chamber of the vessel. A four hundred micron per second flow rate through a disposable plastic one milliliter pipette with a 0.2 centimeter internal diameter or a one hundred micron per second flow rate through a ten milliliter pipette with a 0.8 centimeter diameter have both given good separation results. The nutrient flow rate is preferably maintained nearly identical through each of the nutrient fluid inlets 56, 58, and 60 (FIG. 2). This is facilitated by the use of the infusion pump 22 (FIG. 1). This pump has an elongate rectangular plate 76 which is electromechanically moved in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1. The plate simultaneously depresses the pistons 78, 80, and 82 of each of the syringes mounted thereon. The syringes 24, 26, and 28 can each be separately filled prior to the fractionation process and inserted in removable clasps such as 84 on top of the pump. One suitable infusion pump is the Harvard model 975. The flow rate from each of the syringes 24, 26, and 28 can be adjusted as required between approximately 30 to approximately 500 microns per second.
Referring to FIG. 3, the pipette 16 has a plurality of vertically spaced holes 86 extending through its sidewall. A plurality of vertically spaced extraction valve means 88 are provided for permitting different vertically stacked fractions of the fluid within the pipette to be withdrawn through the holes 86. During the fractionation process the fluid within the pipette 16 rises. Due to the focusing of the cell suspension fluid at the central confluence region of the laminar flow imparted by the incoming nutrient streams, a longitudinal gradient of different fractions of the cells is established. The outer wall of the pipette 16 is provided with suitable level markers 90 for gaging the establishment of the gradient. Periodically samples of the fluid 92 within the pipette are withdrawn through a hypodermic needle 94 connected to a hypodermic syringe 96.
Each of the extraction valve means 88 may comprise a cylindrical sleeve made of an elastomeric material which surrounds the pipette 16 and overlaps one of the holes 86. A syringe needle such as 94 may be inserted through one of the sleeves and through one of the holes 86 to withdraw a fluid sample or fraction. Upon withdrawal of the hypodermic needle, a simple turning of the sleeve seals the hole and prevents any escape of fluid from the tiny laceration imparted by the hypodermic needle. The elastomeric sleeve thus acts in a similar manner to that of the human epidermis.
The manner in which the apparatus of FIG. 1 is utilized will now be described in greater detail. Whole human semen is preferably filtered through a 75 micron mesh filter made of a suitable material such as that sold under the trademark NITEX. Alternatively centrifuged and washed sperm may be utilized. Each of the syringes 24, 26, and 28 is loaded with an equal quantity of a special nutrient fluid which will maintain human sperm motility for long periods of time. One suitable nutrient fluid consists of RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) medium number 1640 available from GIBCO (Grand Island Biological Company) supplemented with 0.03 percent glutamine, penecillin (50 μg/ml), and 5 percent v/v preheated fetal calf serum. The nutrient fluid within the syringes of the infusion pump is preferably prewarmed with a hot air heater or other suitable heating means to maintain its temperature at approximately 36� plus or minus 1� C. The manually operable syringe 18 (FIGS. 1 and 3) is loaded with a predetermined amount of the same nutrient fluid. A predetermined amount of sperm suspended in a suitable fluid is loaded into the syringe 20 (FIGS. 1 and 3). The cell suspension fluid may consist of recently donated washed sperm mixed with a quantity of RPMI 1640. The interior of the environmental chamber is maintained at a temperature of approximately 36� plus or minus 1� C.
The infusion pump 22 is started and the warmed nutrient fluid which supports sperm viability is pumped into the interior chamber of the pipette 16 simultaneously through the three nutrient fluid inlets. As the fluid level rises in the pipette, a suitable amount of sperm suspension fluid from the syringe 20 is injected through the central inlet of the pipette cap at a steady pace. Preferably the amount of sperm suspension fluid which is injected is approximately one tenth of the volume of the pipette. For example, where the interior volume of the pipette is 10 milliliters approximately 1 milliliter of sperm suspension fluid is injected. Thereafter the remaining sperm cells in the hose 68 (FIG. 3) are flushed into the pipette at a steady pace with a predetermined amount of the nutrient fluid from the syringe 18. Preferably the amount of nutrient fluid used for flushing is also approximately one tenth of the pipette volume, i.e. approximately 1 milliliter where the pipette has an interior volume of 10 milliliters.
Undesirable effects can occur from uneven injection of the cell suspension and nutrient fluids via the manually operated syringes 18 and 20. To avoid this a single syringe can be utilized in connection with a second infusion pump (not shown) in place of the manually operated syringes 18 and 20. Initially this single syringe is loaded with the cell suspension fluid which is uniformly injected into the pipette by the second infusion pump. Thereafter the syringe in the second infusion pump is replaced with another syringe loaded with nutrient fluid. This nutrient fluid is uniformly injected into the pipette by the second infusion pump to flush the cells remaining in the hose 68.
As the fluid level within the pipette rises, the sperm suspension can be seen as a narrow central cylinder of fluid after it enters the pipette. The level of this cylinder rises slowly. The sperm is kept in focus at the center of the pipette as it meets the confluence region of the laminar flow generated by the incoming fluid streams from the three surrounding inlets 56, 58, and 60 (FIG. 2). The extended portion 52a of the cell suspension inlet 52 insures that the sperm is injected far enough upstream to be in the confluence region of the nutrient fluid streams.
The sperm cells are moved upward by the laminar flow, and are distributed evenly throughout the entire length of the fluid column. Large particles of debris, and defective but motile sperm cells, remain in the lower fractions. Dead cells and other debris tend to float at the moving boundary of the incoming fluid and are recovered in the upper most fractions. The rest of the sperm cells are distributed in the column of fluid both radially and longitudinally according to their hydrodynamic interaction with the radial and longitudinal cross-sectional velocities of the laminar flow. The quantities of fluid injected, and the pumping rate of the infusion pump 22 are maintained so that the fluid level rises slowly enough to establish a longitudinal or vertical gradient of different fractions of the cells. For example, when the fractionating vessel comprises a pipette having an interior volume of 10 milliliters, the fluid injection rates are controlled so that the pipette is filled over a period of approximately 30 minutes. During this time the interior of the environmental chamber is maintained at a temperature of approximately 36� plus or minus 1� C.
Fluid samples may be periodically withdrawn through the sleeves 88 and the holes 86 with the hypodermic needle and syringe 94 and 96 (see FIG. 3). The vertical point along the pipette at which the sample is withdrawn as well as the depth of penetration of the hypodermic needle within the interior chamber of the pipette will determine the character of the cell fraction withdrawn. A 100 μl volume sample can be withdrawn for microscopic observation during the process. The periodic withdrawal during the filling of the pipette is only for sampling purposes. At the end of the run, i.e. when the pipette is nearly filled, the different fractions are collected with several syringes through the holes in the pipette. The collection is done starting at the top one of the sleeves 88 and the infusion pump is kept running during the sample collection to maintain the laminar flow. Sperm count in each fraction is obtained by utilizing a conventional COULTER counter. Motility is scored under a microscope, and an aliquot is centrifuged and processed to enumerate the proportion of male sperm in a given sample.
The apparatus of FIG. 1 and the method just described are designed to separate human sperm carrying the male sex determining chromosome from those carrying the chromosome which determines the female sex of the progeny. The male sperm can be recognized by a microscopic test which is used to determine the relative enrichment of the male sperm in a given sample. The absence of a characteristic male specific marker on the sperm suggests that it is probably a female sperm. Fractions enriched with either male or female sperm are obtained with this method and apparatus in a viable form and should be suitable for artificial insemination in humans. Tests performed with rabbits have verified the improved capabilities of the apparatus in altering the sex ratio of the progeny.
In the apparatus of FIG. 1, motile and viable sperm are automatically separated from debris and dead cells. At the same time male and female sperm are separated from one another. The motile sperm appears as a broadband. Male sperm are enriched near the leading edge of the flow, whereas female sperm are concentrated at the trailing edge. Motile sperm generally migrate slower than the leading edge of the flow. A two to four fold enrichment of male and female sperm has been obtained in extreme functions within the pipette. It is felt that sperm motility may not be essential for male and female sperm separation.
Sperm with genotypes other than or in addition to sex chromosome differences, may be separated utilizing the apparatus and method described above. The fractionation in laminar flow may be caused by the combined effect of many factors. Therefore, pathological features in sperm morphology, density, motility, and defects brought about by inherent or environmental factors may cause the defective sperm to separate from normal sperm. Normal sperm thus separated may be used for artificial insemination. Occurrences of birth defects may be prevented in this manner by separating sperm from carrying defective chromosomes, e.g. translocations, aneuploidy, etc., from normal sperm.
The apparatus of the present invention should be useful with other cell types which are not as obviously motile as sperm. Small cells having a diameter of six microns or less and which have different surface areas, density, size, and shape, could be separated with the present invention. Laminar flow either toward or against the force of gravity does not seem to significantly change the results of sperm fractionation, however, it may be an important consideration in separating certain cell classes.
The apparatus of the present invention may also prove to be useful for animal sperm selection in breeding or genetic studies. Minor changes in the design would probably be required to suit the differences in the sperm behavior of different species and the different semen volumes.
It should be understood that the method can be performed in several of the pipettes within the environmental chamber simultaneously by utilizing multiple pumps and syringes or by utilizing common pumps and syringes with appropriate connecting manifolds. This will enable larger volumes of enriched quantities of male and female sperm to be obtained in a given operating period.
Experiments have indicated that superior separation of X and Y sperm may be achieved by using a polystaltic pump in the place of the infusion pump 22. It delivers the nutrient fluid at a substantially constant rate, i.e., the fluid volume per unit time and the pulse period are constant. It is believed that the cyclical interruptions in fluid delivery which result when this pump is utilized is beneficial for separation.
Referring to FIG. 1, the pipette 15 may be utilized to perform a somewhat less sophisticated fractionation of cells such as sperm cells. This pipette has an open upper end and a three way coupling 97 connected to its open lower end. A first syringe (not shown) is utilized to inject a quantity of nutrient fluid into the pipette through one leg of the three way coupling to fill the pipette almost to the top. A second syringe (not shown) is used to inject a quantity of sperm suspension fluid into the pipette through a second leg of the three way coupling. Thereafter nutrient fluid is siphoned into the top of the pipette at a predetermined rate and fluid is drained from the third leg of the three way coupling to establish a laminar flow within the pipette. The flow rate is controlled to establish a vertical gradient of cell fractions within the pipette. These fractions are removed through vertically spaced holes in the pipette and through elastomeric sleeves which cover the same. A hypodermic needle is used to withdraw the functions as previously described. Thus as used herein the term "pump" includes not only electromechanical driven pumps but also pumps without any moving parts such as a reservoir raised to a height sufficient to generate a pressure head through a siphon.
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a second embodiment of the flowcell fractionator apparatus of the present invention. It can be utilized under a microscope fitted with photographic equipment to make accurate measurement of flow parameters, movement and sperm of other cell orientation under laminar flow conditions and to obtain fractionated micro-samples. The information from the utilization of this micro-flowcell fractionator can be utilized to optimize the operating parameters of the apparatus disclosed in FIG. 1.
The micro-flowcell fractionator 98 illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 includes a rectangular frame 100 having a surrounding outer flange 102 and a central cut out region 104. A pair of upper and lower rectangular glass slides 106 and 108 overlie the frame on opposite sides thereof and seal the cut out region to define a chamber 110. The glass slides are held in alignment by the surrounding flange 102 of the frame. The glass slides may be sealed to the frame about their perimeter with stopcock grease available from Dow Chemical Corporation and others. A rectangular metal cover plate 112 having the same outer dimension as the frame 100 rests on the flange 102 and covers the upper glass slide 106. The metal plate has a centrally located oval aperture 114 which is slightly larger than the cut out region 104 and enables the fluid within the chamber 110 to be observed through the microscope. The top cover plate may be secured to the frame by screws, glue or other suitable means. The lower glass slide 108 may also be secured to the frame by glue or other suitable attachment means.
The frame 100 of the micro-flowcell fractionator includes a pair of triangular projections 116 and 118 (FIG. 4) which project into the chamber 110 at opposite ends thereof. A cell suspension fluid inlet 120 extends through one end of the frame and opens into one end of the chamber at the apex of the triangular projection 116. Likewise a cell suspension fluid outlet 122 extends through the other end of the frame and opens into the other end of the chamber at the apex of the other triangular projection 118. A pair of nutrient fluid inlets 124 and 126 extend through the frame and open into the chamber at one end thereof on opposite sides of the cell suspension fluid inlet 120. These inlets are located adjacent the base of the triangular projection 116. Similarly a pair of nutrient fluid outlets 128 and 130 extend through the other end of the frame and open into the other end of the chamber. These outlets are located on opposite sides of the cell suspension fluid outlet 122 adjacent the base of the second triangular projection 118. Three inlet tubes 132 are connected to the inlets 120, 124 and 126. Three outlet tubes 134 are connected to the outlets 122, 128 and 130.
The relative sizes of the various inlets and outlets of the microflowcell fractionator as well as the size of the chamber 110 depend upon the type of cells which are to be introduced into the fractionator and observed. In the case of human sperm, the inlets and outlets which open into the chamber may have an inside diameter of approximately 0.8 millimeters and the distance between adjacent ones of these inlets and outlets may be approximately 3.5 millimeters. The depth, width, and length of the chamber 110 may be approximately 1.15 millimeters, 8 millimeters, and 33 millimeters, respectively.
The micro-flowcell fractionator of FIGS. 4 and 5 may be used in the following manner. The apparatus is mounted under the lense of a suitable microscope having photographic equipment optically coupled thereto. Nutrient fluid delivered at a constant predetermined rate from an infusion pump (not shown) is delivered through hoses (not shown) connected to the two outer ones of the inlet tubes 132. The cell suspension fluid is injected through the center one of the inlet tubes 132 and through the inlet 120. The cells in this fluid are focused by the two incoming lateral streams of nutrient fluid from the inlets 124 and 126. This focusing occurs at a central confluence region of the laminar flow generated by the incoming nutrient fluid. The central confluence region is visible through the aperture 114. Accurate measurements of the flow rate at the radial and longitudinal cross sections of the flow path can be made, along with accurate measurements of the orientation and behavior of live and dead sperm in the laminar flow. The behavior of other cells in the hydrodynamic field within the chamber 110 can be observed before attempting fractionation in the apparatus of FIG. 1. Micro-samples of the fractionated material can be collected at the central one of the outlet tubes 134 at short time intervals to assess the efficiency of separation. Cell behavior in laminar flow can be observed directly through the microscope or can be photographed by the photographic equipment optically coupled to the microscope.
The micro-flowcell fractionator apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be used to determine cell behavior in complicated flow conditions because direct observations can be made under a microscope. The triangular projections and the staggering of the various inlets permit the most efficient focusing of the cells in the laminar flow and the most efficient extraction of cells from the other end of the device. The micro-flowcell fractionator can also be utilized in contraceptive research because the pharmacological effects of drugs on sperm behavior can be directly visualized and quantified on a time dependent basis.
Isolation of X chromosome bearing sperm may be achieved by combining mechanical and biochemical selective techniques. For example, in connection with the utilization of the apparatus of FIG. 1, sperm motility can be made conditionally dependent upon the utilization of hypoxanthine by the X-linked enzyme activity, EC 184.108.40.206. hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), when the de novo pathway of purine synthesis is inhibited with aminopterin. Under this selection condition, the Y chromosome positive sperm loose their motility faster than the Y chromosome negative cells, thereby allowing one to enrich for X chromosome bearing sperm in the motile fraction obtained with the apparatus of FIG. 1. Immunofluorescense staining of sperm HPRT shows that the enzyme has a broad quantitive variation among sperm populations unlike the all or none distribution of sex chromosomes.
Having described preferred embodiments of my apparatus, it should be apparent that my invention permits of modification in both arrangement and detail. Therefore the protection afforded my invention should be limited only in accordance with the scope of the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 20, 1955
|Jun 28, 1960
|Rose George G
|Tissue culture device
|Mar 12, 1959
|May 1, 1962
|Lamal James C
|Observation slide
|Jan 3, 1966
|Mar 31, 1970
|Ici Ltd
|Cell culture slides
|Oct 2, 1972
|Aug 13, 1974
|M Persidsky
|Optical system and method for counting sperm cells
|Nov 22, 1974
|Aug 24, 1976
|Bhattacharya Bhairab C
|Thermal convection counter streaming sedimentation method and apparatus for controlling the sex of mammalian offspring
|Oct 17, 1975
|Feb 8, 1977
|Gametrics Limited
|Sperm fractionation and storage
|Dec 11, 1974
|Feb 22, 1977
|Schering Aktiengesellschaft
|Fractionation of sperm
|Dec 17, 1975
|Jan 10, 1978
|Bhattacharya Bhairab C
|Thermal convection counter streaming sedimentation method for controlling the sex of mammalian offspring
|Aug 16, 1978
|Sep 30, 1980
|Lawson Rommom L
|Process for separation and collection of viable female and male spermatozoa
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 31, 2005
|Apr 29, 2008
|Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc.
|Integrated system for on-site cell acquisition, processing, and delivery
|Feb 15, 2008
|Mar 3, 2015
|Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc.
|Integrated system for on-site mononuclear cell acquisition, processing and delivery
|Mar 31, 2005
|Oct 5, 2006
|Evgenia Mandrusov
|Integrated system for on-site cell acquisition, processing, and delivery
|Feb 15, 2008
|Jun 19, 2008
|Evgenla Mandrusov
|Integrated system for on-site cell acquisition, processing and delivery
|May 16, 1997
|Nov 19, 1998
|Roberto Guglielmo
|Density gradient sedimentation and swim-up test tube
|U.S. Classification
|435/308.1, 209/158, 435/2
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 31, 1986
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 5, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 14, 1995
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 6, 1995
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 17, 1995
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19950809


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $1.13 (25% off)
Great Soap for adult acne
Posted by Reviewer2987698 on Sep 14, 2007
I LOVE this soap. I'm 37 years old and have suffered with breakouts for years. This soap has practically stopped the breakouts!!
Clearing up my daughter's acne
Posted by DeanaS on Jan 01, 2011
She's 26 and just gets awful pimples, very red, all over her face, neck, and back. We try everything. This began helping immediately. Don't know why we'd never tried it before!
helps ease itching from foliculitis
Posted by Reviewer1342312 on May 22, 2007
My family likes this soap and we have found that it eases the itching from foliculitis and helps speed the healing of cancre sores in the mouth (used by rubbing a little of the soap on a finger and applying it to the sore area and then rinsing well). It's great!
Posted by Reviewer1710594 on Jun 18, 2008
I bought this to try on some skin conditions I have. It has worked to prevent rashes I tend to get. However, it also did something unexpected. I managed to get a sunburn on my right arm while on a long road trip. It was a nasty dark red. I was anticipating a great deal of pain. When I initially got in the shower, it stung (like sunburns do). However, when I lathered the soap and put it on my arm, the pain cleared up. The next day the red had turned to brown. Instead of peeling and burning, I now have a tan!
Great face bar; body bar for men
Posted by Reviewer1129720 on Jun 14, 2010
I like it on my face for preventing acne.
No more odors !!
Posted by Reviewer2678960 on Aug 25, 2008
I wanted to try this soap, because I read about it's great success in getting rid of unwanted body odors. I am very thrilled with this product and will continue to purchase it through your company.It's like a miracle to me !! Frances
MY dad loves it
Posted by Reviewer3325554 on Nov 06, 2008
I bought this for my dad and he loves it. He has very dry skin and it helped.
I feel clean!
Posted by myoungpepper on Nov 14, 2008
I really enjoy this soap so far. I love the clean feeling I get after using it with no filmy residue after drying off. I guess the only complaint I would have is that it comes in bar form and not liquid. That's a minor thing I can adjust to though. And as usual, I enjoy doing business with iherb. They by far beat the prices at our local health food stores, so I can try and use other products to help improve the health of my family. Prompt service and great shipping prices! Thanks for seeing a need and being there iherb! ;)
Great soap!!!
Posted by Reviewer3113240 on Dec 28, 2010
I have dry skin in the winter. Even though I have soft water, it doesn't always help. The first day I used this soap, my skin didn't itch! I also have Keratosis Pilaris on my upper arms & this soap has helped it! My arms are less red & softer!
Great price
Posted by Reviewer1081030 on Aug 15, 2008
Leaves skin very clean, seems to dry up acne. Lasts a long time. Lathers nicely.


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One problem with the markets the past three years has been their "student body left" environment where almost everything rises or falls together. Very little value can be added by picking individual equities as the market direction (or sector) includes almost everything. This might not change in the near future with our high frequency trading, ETF dominated markets... or it might never change again, I don't know. However, when we do have some shakeout as we have just experienced this is the only time we really see clear demonstrations of relative strength and can see what stocks are in the strongest hands. When almost anything with a carbon footprint is going up (or down), as has been the case 95% of the time since 2007, we cannot see that kind of detail.
The exceptions to that 95% rule (such as we have right now) give you two options. You can buy the strongest (which I like to do) or buy those that have been hit the hardest (which has been a winning strategy the past 15 months as those names have surged the most). Frankly, if in five weeks we are experiencing yet another V-shaped stock market it will be a moot point which route you go; almost every stock will be surging, and throwing a dart will be fine as it has been since March 2009. But in case we ever return to a normal market where 40% of stocks go down and 60% up (on the same day), or vice versa, I will try to rotate into names showing the best strength.
This can be demonstrated in the credit card space. I bought some Discover Financial Services (NYSE:DFS) in mid April as "strategic default" has spread like wildfire across Cramerica, which bodes well for credit card issuers. All that extra money not being wasted to pay for housing can go to shopping and paying down non-mortgage debt. Further, the Fed has issued a license to print money on the funding side, allowing banks to borrow at essentially 0% and lend it out at... look at your credit card statement.
Since this is a "baby with the bathwater" market, DFS was sold off with everything else and last Wednesday the majority of the position was sold off in a defensive measure for a 7% loss as the stock broke its 50-day moving average. Despite yesterday's surge the stock has not fully recovered so I am going to sell the remaining 0.7% exposure for a 9% loss in the $14.70s. (Click to enlarge)
With those monies (plus a bit more) I will begin a position (1% allocation) in a peer with a stronger chart: Capital One Financial (NYSE:COF) (a stock I was shorting a year ago at this time to terrible effect). So I am getting the same sector exposure, but moving from a chart with some near term challenges (which will be erased with a V-shaped bounce) to one that held up better in the selloff and is sitting above all key moving averages.
Now, there are still challenges in this chart, as we have a down slope in intraday highs since peaking in mid-April, but it's been a tough market since so I'll give it some benefit of the doubt.
I was actually quite surprised by the earning estimates when I perused COF. Estimates for 2010 jumped from $2.11 90 days ago to $3.58 as of this week. It must be good to be borrowing at 0% and lending at 17%. Not sure why DFS estimates won't show a similar surge until 2011.
Disclosure: Long Capital One Financial in fund; no personal position


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $12.34 (28% off)
Fight Dog Cancer!
Posted by Reviewer2605097 on Sep 09, 2006
Our 10 yr old German Shorhaired Pointer dog was diagnosed with malignant melanoma back in June 2006, we immediately started him on Essiac Tea. The Drs. initially told us he had 1-3 months to live. He's been on Essiac Tea for 3 months now, and the cancer has not spread. I don't know if the Essiac tea is the reason, but it certainly won't hurt him; and since the cancer has not spread (as we were told it would rapidly spread), we assume the Essiac is helping him! Our dog loves the tea, we give it to him twice a day and sprinkle a digestive aid in it just as we serve it. He laps it up!
Expensive for a doubtfull product
Posted by Reviewer1235908 on Jun 28, 2012
I have been using this together with Laetrile and Gerson to stay free from cancer for several months. This tea is way too expensive to implement and even not sure about the effectiveness as it is very bland. Two of the 4 ingredients are even very easy to find in the grocery stores here in Japan and I eat them as vegetables in my daily diet. I like the taste of this "expensive like gold" TEA but I will pass once finished.
Posted by Reviewer1740590 on Jun 15, 2012
I didn't realize when I bought this that it makes ONE pitcher of the tea. I had thought it would be an easier alternative than brewing tea from the plant materials. Had I realized this makes such a small amount, I never would have purchased it in this form.
Nothing but great!
Posted by Reviewer1298448 on Oct 10, 2011
One of my family members has been suffering from pancreatic cancer for years. Yes, pancreatic cancer with which people can't expect any time longer than a year in usual cases. He's started taking this since the diagnosis and it's been 3 years but he doesn't suffer from usual symptoms of cancer. He did chemo too but no serious side effects. We think it's because of this essiac tea. The cancer itself hasn't grown much or transfered to anywhere else. He used to take different brand essiac but this one is much easier to make and take, he says it tastes better too. We are really truly grateful for this product.
Essiac Tea good for Husband with Cancer.
Posted by Reviewer2884480 on Jul 26, 2011
this gentle detox seems to be very helpful to people with cancer. Every alternative doctor we've met with has high praise for this product. It requires some time to prepare, but it is easier than the Flor Essence which is similar.
promising results
Posted by Maraiani on Oct 28, 2011
I bought this product for my dog, which has been diagnosed with a mammary cancer, on the advice of one the reviewers of here. She has been taking 50ml of it twice a day and she is looking much better and is again full of energy; her coat is shinny and her nose black and moist, and in addition to all that, a kind of sty on her left eye is almost non-existant now. She still has the two lumps on her chest, but I feel hopeful that those might disappear as well if she keeps on having this tea, which she doesn't object to, since I put some plain yogurt in it, which she loves.
very good herbs
Posted by Queenbee on Apr 26, 2010
I love the blend of 4 herbs. The taste is good. Not too difficult to boil the herbs according to the instruction given. I take it in the morning before breakfast and at night before bed. Hope it does what it is suppose to do, i.e. cure/prevent cancer
Posted by Reviewer2072937 on Sep 28, 2008
Herbal drink is easy to prepare and lasts about a month.
Keep on keeping on
Posted by Reviewer1838527 on Sep 28, 2011
Keeping me alive
Essiac Tea 1.5 oz
Posted by Reviewer2543655 on Jul 03, 2008
works good, but is a lot of work to prepare it, take Now Food caps instead ,its easier and is the same Quality


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Billing Questions: 866.276.6547
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Commodities are bouncing slightly higher Wednesday amid some dip buying, following the sharp losses in yesterday's session after China announced a surprise interest rate hike. The 25 basis point (bps) rate increase from the Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) is the first since December 2007, and combined with the safe-haven run on the US dollar, led to a broad sell off across the commodity complexes on fears that China's attempts to cool their overheated economy would bring about falling demand for all commodities.
The move pushed Nymex light sweet crude to fall over 4%, as did silver, with copper falling around 3.5% and gold shedding 2.7%.
In line with other commodities, base metals took a large hit after the Chinese rate move yesterday; the sector largely dependant on basic materials demand from the country to fuel price growth. Although the hike was undoubtedly in order to curb inflation for the Asian giant, it is still likely to tail back the growth brought about by the governments extensive stimulus efforts made during the global recession – the same growth that has been allowing base metals to show strong recoveries this past year.
However fears that an economic cooling may significantly reduce the country demand for basic materials may be somewhat over done.
With gold for example, the main Chinese driver has been central bank demand in order to diversify reserves away from the US dollar, and in addition, the country has seen a push for private and institutional investors to buy both gold and silver over the past 18 months. As a financial instrument, it may be fair to argue that demand for these metals may falter as the economic growth slows. C
hinese demand for base metals on the other hand, is coming from a very real and physical need for those basic materials required to fuel the country's large scale production. Although an economic slow down may be expected to curb the extent of this, the country has in fact already set out its intended production targets in its latest 5-year plan. Considering this, China's need for raw materials does not look like it will falter any time soon, and one could certainly argue that the base complex is best placed to weather any additional slow downs in Chinese growth.
As previously highlighted, precious metals have been managing to stage a small bounce in today's session as traders take the opportunity to buy commodities on the dip. Spot gold, which plunged around $42/oz yesterday, also saw a one tonne net liquidation from the world's largest gold ETF, SPDR Gold Shares. From a technical standpoint, yesterday's sell off found a base at the 21-day moving average around $1,330/oz, which has continued to offer support today.
The move triggered sell-signals in both 10-day momentum and the daily stochastics however, as well as bringing the third consecutive parabolic SAR downtrend indicator. With this, all signs are turning towards a failing uptrend in the metal, although at this stage some consolidation seems more likely than a full reversal. A break below the 21-DMA would now be needed to confirm some downward pressure in coming sessions, while a persistent bounce from the moving average may in fact signal a continuation of the uptrend going forward.
Yesterday's move by China caused WTI Nymex crude to see its largest 1-day sell off since June this year, pushing the front contract to $79.49/bbl. China is the world's second largest oil consumer, and as such yesterday's rate hike worked to emphasise an already shifting price trend for the commodity. With any gains in the Nov10 contract expected to be muted today ahead of its expiry after the bell, the bounce in the Dec10 contract is likely to bring about a mild gap-up as the last of the traders roll their positions today.
Yesterday's American Petroleum Institute (NYSEMKT:API) inventory data yesterday, as always seen as a prelude to today's more extensive US Department of Energy (DoE) weekly report, showed a larger than expected 2.3 million barrel (mbls) increase in crude stocks. Expectations are for today's numbers to show a similar rise in crude stocks, of around 1.5mbls, when the Energy Information Administration (NYSEMKT:EIA) releases the DoE numbers at the usual time of 1030EST, with the Houston Ship Canal going back in service in the reporting period, following repairs the week before.
Expectations are that the increase in crude stocks will also come about from a 0.5 – 1mbls increase in crude imports for the week, while both gasoline stocks and middle distillates are expected to fall by 2.2mbls and 0.8mbls respectively. Expectations for refinery utilisation are somewhat mixed, with most analysts predicting a few basis point move in either direction.
Disclosure: no position


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- News tagged "type cover"
Thursday, 14 Apr 2016
The Signature Type Cover is a new, luxury keyboard for the Microsoft Surface Pro 4
Microsoft's new Signature Type Cover keyboard is intended to be a luxurious take on what a detachable keyboard can be.
Friday, 30 Nov 2012
Microsoft Reveals Surface Pro Prices
Microsoft's Surface Pro tablet took one step closer towards hitting the market when their US pricing was revealed in an Official Microsoft Blog post. There will be two versions of the Surface Pro tablet, and they will be available at Microsoft Stores in January 2013.
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Linderme & Zurcher Building (1944)Monday, August 22nd, 2016 Posted in Colonial Revival, Commercial Buildings, Middletown | No Comments »
The Colonial Revival building at 423 Main Street in Middletown was built in 1944 for Linderme & Zurcher, a furniture and appliance store.
Sheldon Building & Fagan's Block (1868)Tuesday, June 28th, 2016 Posted in Commercial Buildings, Italianate, Middletown | No Comments »
Pictured above are two buildings on Main Street in Middletown that are joined together with a bracketed cornice. The one on the right, 420 Main Street, was built between 1867 and 1868 by Ephraim Sheldon, who had his furniture store in the building until 1892. The building was modernized c. 1895 with a Pompeian brick facade and brownstone window surrounds. Probably around that same time the cornice of the adjacent Fagan Building was extended across the Sheldon Building. Fagan's Block, at 422 Main Street, was built in 1868 by Patrick Fagan. After his death in 1869, his sons continued their father's real estate business with an office in the building. They added an addition on the north side that was demolished in the late 1930s to make way for the Woolworth Building.
Alpha Delta Phi Society (1906)Monday, March 28th, 2016 Posted in Collegiate, Colonial Revival, Middletown, Organizations | No Comments »
The Middletown chapter of the Alpha Delta Phi literary society, based at Wesleyan University, was formed in 1856. The fraternity's first chapter house was built in 1884. It was demolished twenty years later and replaced on the same lot (185 High Street) by the current building (completed in 1906) designed by Charles Alonzo Rich (who also designed two dozen buildings at Dartmouth College between 1893 and 1914). An addition was built onto the rear in 1925. Alpha Delta Phi has been coed since 1972 and is one of the coed chapters that withdrew from the fraternity to form the separate Alpha Delta Phi Society in 1992.
Caulkins Garage (1905)Friday, November 27th, 2015 Posted in Commercial Buildings, Middletown, Romanesque Revival | No Comments »
The building at 489-493 Main Street in Middletown was built in 1905 for the F.L Caulkins Auto Company. Known as the Caulkins Garage, it had an automobile showroom on the first floor with residences above. It was constructed when the company was expanding its automotive business from its quarters across the street, in the 1890 Caulkins & Post Building. The garage building continued to serve its original purpose throughout much of the twentieth century. The building is now home to Luce Restaurant (98 Washington St #1).
Middletown National Bank (1917)Tuesday, September 22nd, 2015 Posted in Banks, Middletown, Neoclassical | No Comments »
The Middletown Bank opened in 1801 in the home of Nehemiah Hubbard. As described in the History of Middlesex County, Connecticut (1884):
The Middletown National Bank, formerly the Middletown Bank, was chartered October 29th 1795. The organization was not completed, however, until May 1st 1801. The stockholders met at that time at Mrs. Sarah Goodwin's Tavern and elected the following directors: Elijah Hubbard, Chauncey Whittlesey, Nehemiah Hubbard jr., Samuel Watkinson, Benjamin Williams, Ebenezer Sage, George Hallam, Joseph Hart, and Elias Shipman.
The first meeting of the directors was held May 13th 1801. Elijah Hubbard was chosen president, and Timothy Southmayd, cashier.
The bank constructed a building on Main Street in 1813, replacing it with a brownstone structure in 1855-1856, which was enlarged in 1893. This building was then replaced in 1917 by the bank's third building on the site (267 Main Street). The Middletown National Bank was bought by the Connecticut Bank and Trust Co. in 1957. The building is now a branch of Bank of America. Read the rest of this entry »
Southmayd Building (1872)Wednesday, July 29th, 2015 Posted in Commercial Buildings, Middletown, Neoclassical | 1 Comment »
The Southmayd Building, at 542-544 Main Street in Middletown, is an outstanding example of a nineteenth-century commercial block with a cast-iron facade. It was built by George M. Southmayd, who was in the undertaking business. His father John B. Southmayd had started the business at his home, which stood on the same site. In 1911 Ludwig Krenz bought the building (It is also known as the Southmayd-Krenz Building) and opened a bar and restaurant and it has been used for that purpose ever since under various owners. Read the rest of this entry »
O'Rourke's Diner (1946)Tuesday, July 28th, 2015 Posted in Art Deco, Commercial Buildings, Middletown | No Comments »
O'Rourke's is a world famous diner in Middletown. Located at 728 Main Street, the diner was built by the Mountain View Diner Company (it was manufactured in 1946 and has the serial no. 223). In 1930 "Pete the Greek" Asvestras moved his lunch wagon here and by the 1940s James Dunn was running Dunn's Diner on the spot. John O'Rourke purchased Dunn's Diner in 1941 and soon acquired the Mountain View dining car as his business expanded. The diner, which did not have fire insurance, suffered severe fire damage in 2006 after a hamburger steamer was left on overnight. A fundraising campaign with support from the local community and around the world led to successful renovations and the diner reopened in 2008.