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English and French Law - LLB (Hons)
Kent Law School is recognised as one of the leading law schools in the UK. It has an international reputation both for its world-leading research and for the high quality, innovative, critical and socio-legal education that it provides. It boasts a carefully designed and wide-ranging curriculum, an institutional commitment to teaching excellence, as well as extensive international links. In addition to offering a highly successful mooting programme and a variety of activities to prepare students for successful future careers, the Law School also houses a multi-award winning Law Clinic that offers students the opportunity to gain unparalleled experience of legal practice, enabling them to advise and represent clients under the supervision of qualified solicitors.
In short, at Kent Law School you develop not only your legal knowledge but your intellectual, analytical and practical skills, ensuring that you have the academic and professional tools required for a successful career in law or in other professional contexts. On this programme, you study French law and language in your first two years at Kent, alongside your core modules in English law. You then spend your third year studying in France, returning to Kent for your final year.
The Kent electronic law library, Lawlinks, is one of the best in the UK. All modules have their own websites and many of the lectures are recorded when given live and made available as MP3 files.
Exchanges are offered subject to availability and in some cases will be dependent on which degree you are studying at Kent. In most cases, Kent students must also meet the academic and attendance requirements set by their School or Faculty in order to study/work abroad. Please contact us for further information.
Please be aware that the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board are conducting independent reviews of the legal training and education required to qualify as a solicitor or barrister in England and Wales. These reviews cover the 'Academic Stage' of training and may impact upon the role of the law degree as part of the training process. Please see the website of each regulator for more information (the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board).
Independent rankings
Law at Kent was ranked 13th in The Times Good University Guide 2016 and 15th in The Guardian University Guide 2017. In the National Student Survey 2016, 91% of our Law students were satisfied with the overall quality of their course.
For graduate prospects, Law at Kent was ranked 5th in The Guardian University Guide 2017. Of Law students who graduated from Kent in 2015, 94% were in work or further study within six months (DLHE).
Course structure
The course structure below gives a flavour of the modules that will be available to you and provides details of the content of this programme. This listing is based on the current curriculum and may change year to year in response to new curriculum developments and innovation. Most programmes will require you to study a combination of compulsory and optional modules. Please note that the first year modules listed for this degree are compulsory.
Please contact us for more detail about the exact composition of this programme of study.
Stage 1
Possible modules may include:
FR300 - Learning French 3 (Post A Level) (30 credits)
This module is for Post-A-level students and students who have mastered level A2 but not yet B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). On successfully completing the module students will have mastered level B1. The emphasis in this course is on furthering knowledge of the structure of the language as well as vocabulary and cultural insights while further developing the speaking, listening, reading and writing skills.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW313 - A Critical Introduction to Law (30 credits)
The module will introduce students to critical legal techniques grounded in critical legal and social theory, feminist and queer theory, postcolonial theory and law and the humanities. Throughout the course, concepts are introduced through socio-legal and critical investigation of selected case studies - such as new pieces of legislation, emerging political campaigns and prominent litigation - ensuring that the course maintains a focus on law in action. Particular attention will be paid to developments in foreign jurisdictions and in the international arena. Accordingly, case studies will alter from year to year, and draw heavily on research projects on-going in the Law School. The course has a heavy focus on primary legal materials and core critical texts, but will also draw on film, museum artefacts, art and literature as appropriate.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW327 - The English Legal System and Skills (4 credits)
Part A: English Legal System
This module provides an overview of the English Legal System, including the following indicative topics:
1) An introduction to Parliament and the legislative process
2) The court structure and the doctrine of precedent
3) An introduction to case law, including how to identify and the importance of ratio decidendi and obiter dicta
Part B: Introduction to Legal Skills
The module also gives students an introduction to the basic legal skills that they will develop further in their other modules throughout the degree. The focus here is on specific exercises to support exploration and use of the library resources that are available, both in paper copy and electronically through the legal databases, and on understanding practices of legal citation.
Credits: 4 credits (2 ECTS credits).
LW567 - Droit constitutionnel et administratif (30 credits)
The module comprises a short introduction to the French legal system followed by a detailed analysis of French constitutional and administrative law.
The first part of the module mainly addresses French constitutional law. The lectures and seminars will canvass a number of salient issues, namely: the historical role and contemporary relevance of French constitutional documents; the institutional organisation of constitutional and political authority in France; the evolving powers of the Conseil constitutionnel; and recent major law reforms.
The second part of the module discusses French administrative law. The lectures and seminars will consider a range of key topics, such as the role and functioning of administrative courts, with specific reference to the Conseil dEtat; administrative adjudication; and governmental liability.
The module also introduces students to the rigorous discipline of the dissertation juridique and of the fiche de jurisprudence, two types of exercises which they will encounter on a regular basis during their year in France.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW588 - Public Law 1 (30 credits)
Constitutionalism: history, theories, principles and contemporary significance
Models of Government at national, local and supra-national levels
Human Rights history and contemporary significance and deployment
The scope of governmental authority and its limits
Judicial review and other forms of citizen redress
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
Stage 2
Possible modules may include:
LW592 - Public Law 2 (15 credits)
The module builds on the understanding of constitutional government developed in Public Law 1 to examine the changing nature of the state in new modes of governance and governmentality. The focus is on the shift away from the vertical character of the relationship between state and citizen to a more diffuse mode of governing populations through expertise, techniques of management, and biopolitics.
In recent times there has been a shift away from states governing through legislation as a mode of command and control. Legislation is increasingly understood as enabling administration and governance rather than as the definitive word on a social or political problem. In some respects, this is a continuation of legislation as a mode of authorising the exercise of public power. However, the nature of power deployed and regulated through legislation has changed. Government through officials or agents directly responsible to Ministers or Parliament is increasingly replaced by quasi-government authorities (QUANGOS) whose strength is technical expertise. While the administrative state as it has evolved in the last century views this shift as a new strength in public administration, the key weakness is that accountability in the exercise of public power is lacking. What are the implications of these transformations for public law? How has public law facilitated these developments? What are the socio-legal and critical legal responses to these developments? These are the central concerns of this module. It thus offers a specialised and complementary extension of themes and issues introduced to students in Public Law 1 in Stage 1 of the LLB degree.
The administrative authorities that have emerged in the era of the new administrative law post 1970s - lack the formality of liberal constitutional protections. Consider the relative informality in the administration of ASBOS. Moreover, the traditional public/private divide has broken down - e.g. the privatisation of prisons, private corporations providing public services such as nursing homes or transport. The absence of social consensus, or unitary sovereign power has meant that the governance of gambling, security, the environment, gender and sexuality, science and technology, are not phenomena that can be dealt with through traditional liberal concepts or constitutional mechanisms. This module will examine how public law has been the site of social, political, and legal contestations regarding these issues.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW593 - European Union Law (15 credits)
This 15 credit spring term undergraduate law module is designed to introduce law students to foundational legal principles of the European Union (EU). It will place particular emphasis on studying the role and impact of the judicial institution of the EU, namely the Court of Justice of the EU, in interpreting the scope and effects of Union law.
This module builds on the knowledge that students acquire in Public Law 1 where they are provided with a basic introduction to the history of the EU, the main institutions of the EU and key constitutional issues arising from the supremacy of EU law. It will focus predominantly on certain aspects of EU law not addressed in Public 1, including the free movement rules underpinning the single market.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW315 - Introduction to Obligations (15 credits)
This module introduces the law of obligations, which comprises the private law of duties and rights to which individuals and organisations are subject. Traditionally, it includes the law of contract and tort (but not property). As well as introducing some of the content (which is covered more extensively in LW597 The Law of Obligations), a key focus is on the institution of the common law through which most of the law of obligations has emerged. This aspect is especially explored through the case classes, which run alongside the lectures and seminars.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW316 - Foundations of Property (15 credits)
Property is something we tend to presume we know about, and rarely examine as an idea or practice closely. Most often we use it to connote an object or thing, and presume that it has something to do with ownership of that object. It is so simple to say my property or this is mine. This module begins to unpack and examine the ideas and practices of property more closely: How are property claims constructed? What do we mean by ownership? What happens when a number of competing ownership claims in one object exist? When preparing for the module it will be useful to think about (and collect material on) current debates over contested ownership (or use) of property and resources: art collections or cultural artefacts, land or natural resources dispossessed, land squatted, etc. And why, in our jurisdiction in particular, has such a strong link been made between being a property owner (in this context a home-owner) and a good citizen.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW539 - Droit civil (30 credits)
The module comprises an introduction to French Civil Law followed by a detailed analysis of the French law of obligations. It also includes practice in French legal methodology, particularly the essay (dissertation), the case commentary (commentaire d'arrêt) and the French legal plan.
The module consists of three parts. Following a brief introduction to French Civil Law the first part of the module examines the French law of contracts and quasi-contracts .This is intended to introduce students to key terms which will be used during the year and to provide a thorough grounding in the key aspects of contract law. The second section is devoted to the study of French tort law looking at the different regimes organised by the Civil Code and corresponding case law. The third section covers the general principles applicable to all obligations examining in particular the methods of circulation and extinction of civil obligations.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW602 - Law and Medical Ethics (15 credits)
This module considers the legal regulation of medical practice in its ethical, socio-economic and historical context, drawing on a range of critical, contextual and interdisciplinary perspectives. Students will be introduced to the major western traditions of ethical theory and the major principles of medical law. They will then pass on to their incorporation in medical negligence, confidentiality, consent and competence, and medical research. They will then draw upon these to engage in critical legal analysis of major areas of medical ethics and law.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW604 - Morality and Law (15 credits)
This course will give students the opportunity to explore the ways in which morality has been understood and theorised and then to trace the development of a particular moral concept (namely, that of individual rights), that is central to legal discourse today. The methodology will be historical/contextual as well as theoretical/analytical. We will look at the way in which the idea of individual rights arose (and continues to develop) in a philosophical, political and historical context and we will examine and critically evaluate modern theories of rights and their relationship to law. The concept of a right is deceptively simple. When examined closely is gives rise to all sorts of questions and problems including, for example: how is the idea of a right justified? What is its relationship to the older idea of liberty? Can it survive the discrediting of theories of natural rights tied to natural law? Can it stand alone as a moral concept or is it merely the other side of a duty?
Block 1: A critical introduction to the major theories of moral philosophy: virtue theory, duty based (deontological) Kantian theory and consequentialism (utilitarianism).
Block 2:. A historical/contextual examination of the development of a particular moral concept; that of individual rights.
Block 3.Oral presentations by students in pairs.
Block 4.An analytical examination and critique of modern theories of rights and their relationship to law (incl. interest and will theories and the legal analysis of Wesley Hohfeld)
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW611 - Law Dissertation Autumn Option (15 credits)
This module allows a student to undertake a lengthy writing project on a law -related subject that interests her/him under the supervision of a KLS staff member. It is available to Stage 2 and 3 students taking single or combined honours law programmes. Students wishing to take this module must settle on their topic and find a dissertation supervisor near the end of the Spring term of the academic year previous to the start of this module. During the first term of this module, the convenor will conduct several sessions on how to research and write a law dissertation.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW616 - Law and International Development (15 credits)
The first half of the module will provide students with detailed knowledge and understanding of the idea of development, the international development project, the main international development institutions and the international context in which they developed, and the field of Law and Development. The second half of the module will examine contemporary topics in law and international development, including (but not limited to) human rights and development; decentralization and local development; sustainability and development; law and the informal sector; rule of law promotion.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW617 - Legal Ethics: Exploring the Ethics of Lawyersand Lawyering (15 credits)
This course will give students the opportunity to explore the ways in which moral reasoning can inform the study and practice of lawyering. Students will be asked to think and argue about the (possible) moral dimension of the practice of law. The course will include a theoretical component during which we will explore ways in which we might justify (or deny) a moral dimension to the practice of law. In the practical component we will use case studies (including that of the US government lawyers who provided legal justifications for the use of torture on War on Terror prisoners). This case study and others will be used to discuss and debate issues in legal ethics, broadly conceived. The methodology will combine theoretical discussion of the principles that should inform the notion of legal ethics with analysis and discussion of actual moral and ethical dilemmas faced by lawyers and their resolution.
Block 1: Why Legal Ethics? An exploration of the moral reasoning and arguments behind the idea of legal ethics. Do lawyers have moral responsibilities as well as legal ones?
Block 2: Case studies and the ethical issues they raise. Answers to moral questions and dilemmas in legal practice.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW624 - Labour Law (15 credits)
This module is concerned with contemporary labour law. It combines legal analysis and the transmission of practical legal skills with a highly contextual and interdisciplinary understanding of the labour law and regulatory debates around labour regulation. To that end, workshops will feature extended discussion on key aspects of contemporary labour legislation using scholarly texts.. Students will also study key legal aspects of the modern employment relationship including the contract of employment, statutory employment protection provisions (for example unfair dismissal and redundancy protection), anti-discrimination legislation and provisions for reconciling work and family life (e.g. pregnancy protection and parental leave). The module will also explore selected aspects of collective labour law including the role and status of trade unions, the legal regulation of collective bargaining and/or the regulation of industrial conflict. The module seeks to combine a detailed knowledge of fundamental key aspects of labour law with the development of broader conceptual, critical and evaluative perspectives on workplace regulation.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW626 - Appropriate Dispute Resolution: Theory and Practice (15 credits)
In recent times, 'alternative' forms of dispute resolution (ADR) have been widely recognised as possessing the potential to limit some of the damage caused by civil disputes. Therefore, a lawyers skill-set ideally should include a well-developed ability to analyse, manage and resolve disputes both within and outside the usual setting of the courtroom. Thus, the modules primary aim is to introduce students to the legal and regulatory issues surrounding methods of dispute resolution aside from litigation. Specifically, the module focuses on the practical factors relevant to selecting appropriate dispute resolution in distinct circumstances, including, for example, the employment and family law arenas.
Students will be provided with the resources to acquire a detailed theoretical and practical understanding of the contextual constraints associated with the use of different forms of dispute resolution and will be encouraged to develop their ability to evaluate the effectiveness of particular interventions, especially when used as an adjunct to court proceedings. The module tracks historic and current developments in relation the use of ADR, highlighting how government policy and courts appear, increasingly, to sanction failure to use ADR. This may well enhance students opportunities to hone career-advancing expertise in the field.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW629 - Critical Law and Practice of International Business Transactions (15 credits)
The module focuses on current issues in the law and practice of international business and trade law from critical perspectives. This includes exposing deficiencies in the regulation of international trade finance, international marketing operations, Countertrade, international commercial dispute settlement mechanisms and corruption in international business. The module considers the involvement of emerging business and financial jurisdictions in international trade. It broadly explores the inequities of global integration of international trade law and considers the influences of European Union law and those of leading developed economies and financial jurisdictions on regulation and actual practice of the field of international business transactions. Attention will be given to specialist and emerging areas of law such as international mergers and acquisition as well as philosophical aspects of international trade such as the Lex Mercatoria. It seeks to provide a comparative overview of emerging trends in international business regulation and aims to make students aware of ethical dimensions of international business transactions. Topics to be covered include International Trade within the contexts of public and private international law and international politics; Development and underdevelopment of commercial laws in international trade; mergers and acquisitions; counter trade as an alternative to current system of international business and trade; international franchising and agencies abroad; international commercial dispute settlement mechanisms; international corruption and the bribery of foreign officials; doctrine and practice of the New Lex Mercatoria.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW636 - Mental Health Law (15 credits)
The module will cover the historical development of mental health law (in brief), the Mental Health Act 1983, civil and criminal admissions to hospital, consent to treatment, capacity, the Mental Capacity Act 2005, discharge (including the role of the Mental Health Review Tribunal) and care in the community; proposals for reform; interaction with the criminal justice system.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW640 - Critical Legal Reasoning (15 credits)
A central question of this module is whether, and to what extent, there is anything distinctive about legal reasoning compared to reasoning in general. That question is posed from the perspective of a legal practitioner, in particular, an advocate. The aim of the module is to equip students as potential advocates, but also in general with a range of tools and skills of argument that are easily transferrable across legal and non-legal contexts.
It is a premise of the module that any competent advocate, or indeed lawyer, must demonstrate a proficient grounding in elementary logic. As such, the module will explore, and students will be expected to demonstrate, the role played inferential logic within legal reasoning. The module will also consider logical and other fallacies. For example, and drawing on Schauer, by asking whether authority-based reasoning (ie the doctrine of precedent) is a fallacy; and, drawing on Kahneman, by investigating the role played by psychological heuristics in all forms of decision-making including legal forms.
In addition to the conventional categories of inferential reasoning, the module will consider other forms of reasoning including, but not limited to, practical, statistical, and marginal/economic forms. In the latter context, and drawing on Farnsworth, it will consider the differences between ex post and ex ante forms of reasoning: the first response being about cleaning up after things have gone wrong, and the second about the effects of decisions in the future. The latter perspective leads naturally to a broader consideration of policy-based reasoning in general.
Students will explore the role played by different forms of reasoning in different contexts; for example by considering and demonstrating the use of logical deduction and probable inference in the context of legal proof (evidence) and the role of other forms of reasoning, including rhetoric, in the formulation of legal arguments.
The theoretical background will provide the basis upon which students will learn to construct effective (legal) arguments and to practice the skills learned in a variety of written and oral contexts ranging from skeleton arguments, oral presentations, mock trials and/or applicationsand/or mooting (subject to availability). Students will be expected to reflect critically on their learning practice by producing a self-reflective portfolio.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW642 - International Law: Principles and Sources (15 credits)
The module will examine the role and function of international law in regulating relations between States and resolving international disputes. It will introduce students to a number of theoretical frameworks through which to understand and critically evaluate international law historically and in context. It will provide students with knowledge and understanding of the origins and development of international law and of its key concepts, principles and rules. The module will enable students to consider the relevance, or otherwise, of international law to contemporary international problems and to critically assess its limitations and effects. This will be achieved through a range of topics and case studies.
An indicative list of topics studies follows:
The history of international law
Sources of international law
The relationship between international law and domestic law
Jurisdiction and Immunities
State responsibility
International dispute settlement
The International Court of Justice and International Organisations
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW643 - International Law and the Use of Force (15 credits)
The module will examine the role and function of international law in the use of force between states as well as non-state actors. It will provide students with detailed knowledge and understanding of the origins and development of international law on the use of force and of its concepts, principles and rules governing the use of force (jus ad bellum) and the conduct of armed conflict (jus in bello). The module will enable students to consider the relevance, or otherwise, of international law on the use of force to contemporary international disputes and to critically assess its limitations and effects. This will be achieved through a range of topics and case studies.
The topics covered may include:
The prohibition of the threat or use of force and the right to self-defence in international law
Principles of International Humanitarian Law
UN Peacekeeping and UN-authorised Peace Enforcement
Humanitarian intervention and the 'Responsibility to Protect'
Other doctrines of unilateral intervention
Combatants and civilians
Weapons and Methods of Warfare
War Crimes
The role of international humanitarian law in international criminal trials
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW644 - International Human Rights Law in Context (15 credits)
The module will examine the evolution, principles, institutions and functions of international human rights law in their political, social and economic contexts. It will provide students with detailed knowledge and understanding of the origins and development of human rights law through critical study and analysis of key theoretical perspectives and debates. The module will enable students to consider the relevance, or otherwise, of international human rights law to historical and/or contemporary challenges and to critically assess its limitations and effects.
An indicative list of topics is as follows:
The History of Human Rights Law and Contemporary Approaches to Human Rights Law.
United Nations Treaty Bodies and Special Procedures.
Regional Human Rights Systems and Approaches.
The International Bill of Human Rights: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
The Prohibition of Torture.
Human Rights in Times of Crisis.
Rights of Women.
Rights of the Child.
Minority Rights.
Indigenous People's Rights.
Forced Migration and Displacement.
Right to Development.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW645 - International Law and Global Problems (15 credits)
This course explores selected global problems in their historical, social, political and economic contexts in light of international legal frameworks. The course begins with an examination of key critical perspectives in international law, such as Third World Approaches to International Law, before moving on to specific topics of historical or contemporary concern. Attention will be paid in particular to systemic problems of the global legal order and students are encouraged to analyse the limits and potential of international law to present solutions to global problems as well as the role played by international law in framing and constituting those problems in the first place.
By necessity these topics will vary, but an indicative list follows:
International legal methods, critical histories and theoretical perspectives
History and historiography of international law
Reconciliation, transition and conceptions of justice
International criminal law
Territorial disputes
Inequality, poverty and international law
Natural resource use and extraction
International law and the global political economy
International trade and biosecurity
International law and international relations
Key cases in international law
International Law and Violence
International Law and Migration
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW646 - Homelessness Law and Policy (15 credits)
Social understandings of home and homelessness.
The history of contemporary homelessness law and policy.
England's current legal framework of homelessness law.
Comparative legal and policy perspectives.
Street homelessness and its regulation.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW540 - The Philosophy of Law (30 credits)
The Philosophy of Law is a module designed for those who are interested in all kinds of reflective speculation about law. What is law for? Should we value it? Should we obey it? What is its relation to justice, to morality and to politics? The module is divided into two parts; the first to takes the form of an examination of the major schools in legal philosophy that continue to have influence today, the second is a close, critical reading of a single work in the subject.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW542 - Policing (15 credits)
The police represent the clearest boundary between the citizen and the state - this module examines their origins and development and their current organisation as well as the evolution of the strategies of policing. It looks at their powers in relation to investigative and deployment techniques as well as issues of their accountability for their decisions and their actions. Underlying the module is an exploration of the role of policing within liberal democratic society.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW543 - Clinical Option (30 credits)
Students on this module must become members of the Kent Law Clinic, and work under Supervisors on live cases for clients of the Clinic under the supervision of solicitors, or other experienced legal practitioners working alongside them. All Supervisors are members of the academic staff at Kent Law School. Students will develop their knowledge and understanding of specific areas of English law and procedure, and some specific skills. Students are encouraged to view their clinical work as a means to an end not just the acquisition of important legal skills but primarily a better understanding and critical analysis of law and of legal practice. The excellent opportunity which clinical work provides for active learning, and for studying the interface between theory and practice, is placed firmly in this context.
Students are expected to undertake from the second week of Autumn term onwards until the end of the Spring term, under supervision, the conduct of at least two substantial cases (or the equivalent), involving proceedings in courts or tribunals or other legal forums, or projects on an area of law of relevance to the objects of the Clinic. Students will normally work on cases rather than projects. A Supervisor will decide whether a student has undertaken two substantial cases (or the equivalent) for the purposes of this module.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW556 - Intellectual Property Law (30 credits)
This module will focus on the leading topic areas of intellectual property law (including practical aspects), namely:
The uses of IP, remedies for infringement and enforcement
International intellectual property
Trade marks
Passing off
Breach of confidence
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW563 - Law - Dissertation (30 credits)
This module allows a student to undertake a lengthy writing project on a law -related subject that interests her/him under the supervision of a KLS staff member. It is available to Stage 3 students taking single or combined honours law programmes. Public Law II is a compulsory prerequisite module. Entry to this module will be based on gaining a Merit in stage 1, however, if they achieve a 2:1 in the Public Law 2 special study they may be admitted subsequently. Students wishing to take this module must settle on their topic and find a dissertation supervisor near the end of the Spring term of the academic year previous to the start of this module. During the first term of this module, the convenor will conduct several sessions on how to research and write a law dissertation.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW566 - Law Dissertation (1 unit option) (15 credits)
This module allows a student to undertake a lengthy writing project on a law -related subject that interests her/him under the supervision of a KLS staff member. It is available to Stage 2 and 3 students taking single or combined honours law programmes. Students wishing to take this module must settle on their topic and find a dissertation supervisor near the end of the Spring term of the academic year previous to the start of this module. During the first term of this module, the convenor will conduct several sessions on how to research and write a law dissertation.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW509 - Human Rights and English Law (30 credits)
This module seeks to provide a sound knowledge and understanding of the concepts and principles underlying the
law relating to human rights, including a grounding in the historical development and political philosophy of human
rights law; to provide a detailed grasp of the current protection of human rights in English law, with particular
reference to the Human Rights Act 1998 and European Convention on Human Rights; and to promote a critical
discussion about the nature, function and effects of human rights as they are, or might be, expressed in English law.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW520 - Company Law and Capitalism (30 credits)
This module seeks not only to familiarise students with the basic concepts and structure of modern British company law, but also to provide them with a critical understanding of the nature and dynamics of modern capitalism and of the historical development of industrial organisation and the emergence of company law within it. In addition to a selection on modern company law, therefore, the module also traces the rise of the joint stock company in the nineteenth century and the emergence of company law in its wake. It moves on to trace the twentieth century rise of the modern multidivisional, multinational company and its impact on company law. In this context, it also considers the nature of the share and of shareholding, and the role of the Stock Market, and explores contemporary debates about corporate governance. Key aspects will include exploring the contractual relations between, on the one hand, the company and its agents and on the other hand, third parties who deal with the company, tracing the evolutionary changes from the Common Law to the modern predominantly statutory framework. It will also deal with aspects of corporate management and control, including directors duties, shareholders rights and the increasingly important issues pertaining to market abuse and how the law seeks to deal with such practices. Students are encouraged to familiarise themselves with current issues in the commercial world by reading the financial pages of the newspapers, as reference will frequently be made to current events to facilitate the learning process. The module will address a range of inter-related questions: How well suited is modern company law to the regulation of the large modern corporation? What do shareholders do? What does the Stock Market do? In whose interests are modern corporations run? In whose interest should they be run? How do companies contract and what are the relationships between the organs of the company?
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW522 - Comparative Law (30 credits)
Over the academic year, a wide range of topics will be covered, these may include the following:
- The History of Comparative Law
- The Strengths and Weaknesses of Comparative Law
- The Politics of Comparative Law
- Method: Comparative Law's Quandary
- The Relationship Between the (Legal) Self and the Other
- Reading Foreign Law: The Possibilities and Limits of Legal Translation
- Common Law and Civil Law: Not so Different?
- How Legal Concepts Travel (or Not) Across Legal Cultures
- Can Western Comparative Law Work in Asia?
- The Use of Foreign Law in Constitutional Interpretation
- The Debate Over Harmonization and Uniformization of Laws
- Towards a Global Legal Order? Comparative Laws Contribution
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW589 - The Skills of Argument - How to Argue and Win (15 credits)
Argument occurs across the full spectrum of human interaction - in pubs, at home, in seminar classes, and in professional contexts such as those provided by law, science and medicine. However, despite the importance allotted to argument and the desire of those engaged in arguments to win them, little systematic attention is given to the nature of argument and the practical skills required to argue successfully, even though this information is readily available. The ambition of the module is to equip students with this knowledge base and skills, thereby enabling them to enter into argument more confidently and with a greater prospect of success. The module divides into three parts, the first being a very brief historical and theoretical contextualisation of the topic. The second part of the module treats argument and arguing formally, by mapping the standard forms of argument and by developing the skill of picking out a bad argument from a good one, and by showing how to spot the set of common but typically unnoticed mistakes in ones own argument or in those of others. The third part of the module turns to the skills of rhetoric and persuasion, including examination of the ploys that are often used to give bad or weak arguments persuasive force. The themes of the module are illustrated throughout using real examples from law and elsewhere.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW594 - Skills in Legal Interpretation (15 credits)
90% of English cases involve a statute. For obvious reasons, it is crucial that you should know how to interpret and apply a statute. Through a series of fascinating examples both from the UK and elsewhere, this module teaches you these skills, which all employers highly value. Skills in interpretation are also very useful when you have to deal with judicial precedents. This module will make a difference on your résumé!
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW596 - Gender, Sexuality and Law (15 credits)
The media is full of gender controversies: theres same-sex marriage (or not) in California, violence against women pretty well everywhere, and a whopping 17% gender pay gap in the UK. What do you think about these issues? How do you think the law should respond?
This module focuses on how law interacts with gender and sexuality. It examines, and encourages you to discuss, the interconnections between law, policy, gender, and sexuality. We will start by focusing on key concepts in feminist and queer legal theory, such as heteronormativity (the dominance of heterosexual family and social structures). We will then relate these theories to current dilemmas: same-sex marriage; transgender rights; gay refugees; diverse family formations. Finally, we tackle the really big questions. Should we use the law to change the law? Are rights really any use? What is neo-liberalism and how does this relate to gender?
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW570 - Law and Social Change (15 credits)
This module aims to investigate the relationship between law, morality, and social change, and how this relationship has changed and may change over time. In other words, it seeks responses to questions such as the following: How does law produce morality and morality produce law? What is the role of moral norms and obligation in legal practice? How does the character of law shift in response to social struggle? Why, if some modern social theories allow for the recognition of a vastly reduced number of valid norms, is moral discourse still the default mechanism for resolving conflicts in society? Has moral discourse been supplanted by other means of conflict resolution and social integration? How might we envision an ideal moral-legal framework?
Typically its content will include:
The meanings of law and social change
Classical Social Theory, law and Social Change
Contemporary social theory, law and social change
The Hart/Devlin Debate: Law, Disgust, and Social Change
Positive approaches to the promotion of Social Change
Feminism and Legal Reform
The Legal Profession and Social Change
Rights and citizenship
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW571 - Law and Society: Regulating Communities (15 credits)
This module focuses on governance, regulation, norm-maintenance and rule non-compliance within communities and institutions. It provides a distinct perspective to general questions of law, socio-legal theory, and jurisprudence. Key questions include: when do norms count as law? How do communities govern themselves, and what role do law and social norms play in this process? What authority do intentional communities possess when it comes to rule-breaking? What is the relationship between community rules and state law? Can communities function without rules? And is institutional law-breaking (or non-compliance) analogous to individual disobedience? Topics include: legal pluralism and legal consciousness, Foucault and governmentality, norm-following among strangers, etiquette within public sex communities, virtual worlds, governing through local currencies, nudism, self-regulation in a free school, and Speakers Corner.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW572 - Immigration, Asylum and Refugee Law (30 credits)
The following key themes will be covered in the module:
I. Legal Sources of Immigration, asylum and refugee law: British, EU, Council of Europe, international, comparative.
II. Historical Evolution of the government and regulation of immigration, asylum and refugee subjects.
III Asylum and Refugee law: (1) International, ECHR and EU standards on asylum and refugee protection (2) Key aspects of British law and practice on asylum.
IV. Select aspects of Immigration law (British, EU and ECHR standards will be integrated)
V. Key contemporary problems in each of the fields of immigration, asylum and refugee law (as case studies).
VI. Key interdisciplinary contemporary debates and contributions to the study of immigration, asylum and refugee law.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW578 - Law and Political Theory (30 credits)
This module is designed to provide an understanding of the interrelationship between political theory and law in modernity. Drawing upon political theory it explores ideas of law, power, resistance, community, sovereignty and the subject. The objective is to build a solid understanding of political theory in relation to these key concepts, and then use this understanding to examine contemporary political and juridical questions such as those of democracy and citizenship; multiculturalism, bio-politics, secularism, terrorism, post-colonialism and contemporary formations of Empire. In so doing, the module seeks to equip students with the necessary intellectual tools for deploying insights from political theory and philosophy to the study of law.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW580 - Consumer Law (30 credits)
Consumer law and policy is a significant area of current UK and European Union market regulation. This module initially discusses the rationales for consumer law and the different forms of regulating consumer markets. We then look at topics such as deceptive and unfair advertising, standard form consumer contracts, consumer credit law, quality standards in the supply of goods and services, product safety, consumer redress and access to justice. Consumer law cuts across traditional doctrinal boundaries of private and public law and provides an opportunity for analysing a variety of forms of regulation such as private law, public regulation and enforcement, co-regulation, soft law, shaping market values, and harnessing market incentives.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW581 - Law and Literature (15 credits)
So much of law is about text and the manipulation of language: Becoming sensitive to the construction of narratives in judgements, learning to read argument in its many forms, recognising the ways in which words, and patterns of words, can be used to create effect, playing with ambiguities or seeking to express an idea with clarity, all these are fundamental skills for a lawyer. Law is also about performance, the roles which are assigned to us and the drama of the court room. And law, as text and performance, carries fundamental cultural messages about the society we live in and the values we aspire to. During this module, we will examine some of the many ways in which reading, viewing and listening to, 'the arts' helps us to think more concisely as well as more imaginatively about law. We welcome on to the module anyone who shares, with us, an enjoyment of reading, viewing and listening this is a chance to be introduced to material you may not be familiar with as well as a chance to pursue an interest you may already have. Although the module is designed primarily for law students, it is also open to undergraduates from other degree programmes.
The module focuses on a small number of key texts through which to explore the themes and develop student skills. These vary from year to year.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW582 - Banking Law (15 credits)
This module will focus primarily on the domestic law of banking. The module is designed to provide students with a solid grounding in banking law as well as an understanding of the broader social, economic and political issues underlying the rapid evolution that is presently taking place in the banking industry. In addition, the module aims to provide students with an understanding of the relationship between banking practice and law and the practical application of banking law.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW583 - Art and Cultural Heritage Law (30 credits)
This area of law considers a developing jurisprudence that involves international treaties, laws, ethics, and policy considerations relating to the art market and cultural heritage. This module aims to define art and cultural heritage/cultural property; to identify the need for national and international regulation of the art trade (theft, illegal export, trafficking) both in time of peace and in time of war as well as the issue of restitution of wrongfully displaced objects. It will also explore areas of the art trade that need regulation such as consumer protection (fakes and forgeries); the role of experts (opinion and liability), artists (his rights, his freedom and his life), dealers (auction houses and private dealers), and museums (role and collection management) in the trade. Finally, the module addresses the essential question of the need to change the law to accommodate the specific needs of protection of cultural heritage and it aims to give coherence to a complex body of rules at the intersection of civil law, property law, criminal law, public law, private international law and public international law.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW584 - Forensic Science in Criminal Trials (15 credits)
Please note: You do not need to have studied maths, science or probabilities to perform well on this module!
Forensic evidence is a rapidly developing area in criminal trials new techniques are continually being developed and forensic evidence such as DNA profiling is increasingly presented as evidence. This rapid expansion has resulted in forensic evidence becoming increasingly debated in the media and by the criminal justice process from articles hailing DNA profiling as preventing or undoing miscarriages of justice to those questioning a lay jurys ability to make a judgement in case involving highly complex scientific or medical evidence. This module considers how the criminal justice system makes use of forensic science. Initially, analysis of the relevant rules of evidence will be made alongside a broad overview of forensic science in the courtroom. This is then built upon through an exploration of case law and consideration of topical questions such as who should decide whether a new scientific technique should be admissible evidence, who are the experts who present the evidence to juries and the extent to which the admission of forensic evidence assists juries.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW585 - Environmental Law I (15 credits)
Environmental law involves the study of those areas of law which concern the threats to environmental quality and ecosystems brought about by a variety of human impacts, especially those involving pollution and the unsustainable use of natural resources. The subject represents both a pressing area of public concern and an increasingly important area of legal practice. Environmental Law I is focused upon those parts of environmental law which are most relevant to avoiding pollution of the environmental media of water, air and land. The module commences with a discussion of the foundational concepts of the subject, including the meaning of the environment, pollution and sustainable development in law. These ideas are then related to environmental quality legislation, concerned with public health and pollution controls in respect of different environmental media. After examining sectoral approaches to pollution control, the module then considers cross cutting issues, such as access to environmental information and alternative approaches to environmental regulation which utilise market mechanisms. In each case the object is to place discussion of national and European Community environmental laws in context, by considering how effectively they function as mechanisms for achieving sustainable development. These themes are pursued further in Environmental Law II, which is primarily concerned with the regulation of land use for environmental purposes and the legal protection afforded to biodiversity.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW586 - Environmental Law II (15 credits)
Environmental Law II builds upon the themes introduced in Environmental Law I whilst placing central emphasis upon the environmental and ecological implications of land use and development, and the regulation of land use activities to secure protection of biodiversity. The module commences with some cross-cutting issues, encompassing civil liability for environmental harms and human rights in respect of the environment, before turning to consideration of regimes for restricting land use to prevent unacceptable kinds of environmental and ecological harm. This involves looking at land use development controls in national law and European Community requirements for environmental assessment of projects and plans to anticipate and mitigate the environmental impacts of development. This leads into a discussion of laws that are more specifically concerned with the protection of species and habitats, either through direct restrictions upon destructive activities or through legal mechanisms to secure biodiversity conservation through designation and management of land that is of ecological importance. In respect of each topic, the object is to place discussion of national and European Community laws into context, by considering how effectively they function as mechanisms for achieving environmentally and ecologically appropriate land use and conservation of biodiversity, and ultimately sustainable development.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
Year abroad
Going abroad as part of your degree is an amazing experience and a chance to develop personally, academically and professionally. You experience a different culture, gain a new academic perspective, establish international contacts and enhance your employability.
Students on a four-year degree programme spend a year between Stages 2 and 3 at one of our partner universities in France. For a full list, please see Go Abroad. Places are subject to availability, language and degree programme.
You are expected to adhere to any academic progression requirements in Stages 1 and 2 to proceed to the Year Abroad. If the requirement is not met, you will be transferred to the equivalent three-year programme. The Year Abroad is assessed on a pass/fail basis and will not count towards your final degree classification.
Possible modules may include:
Stage 3
Possible modules may include:
LW597 - The Law of Obligations (30 credits)
This module builds on LW315 An Introducton to Obligations by examining in more depth the grounds of liability in contract and tort. The focus on reading cases is retained with regular case classes, and this is supplemented by a focus on legislation where relevant as well as theoretical material.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
LW598 - Equity and Trusts (15 credits)
This module, normally taken in Stage 2, introduces the student to the main principles and doctrines of equity and trusts. It is designed to challenge the somewhat dull image of this area of law and to encourage a critical and imaginative understanding of the subject. The law of equity and trusts is contextualized within a historical, social and jurisprudential inquiry thereby providing a much wider range of possible interpretations of its development and application. What then becomes central to the modules approach is the complex interrelation of law with ethical, political, economic and jurisprudential considerations, and that between legal outcomes, pragmatic concerns and policy objectives.
Drawing upon the students experience of the study of law, in particular that gained from Foundations of Property Law and Property Law, this module examines the trust both as a private legal institution (the trust in family and commercial settings) and a public one (the charitable trust), placing special emphasis on the management of the trust and the powers, duties and obligations of the trustee. Yet in departing from conventional approaches this module does not study equity merely in regards to its role as the original creator of the trust. Equity is instead acknowledged to be what it really is - a vital and fruitful component of the English legal system; a distinct form of legal interpretation possessing its own principles and method of legal reasoning, and comprising an original and continuing source of legal development in the sphere of remedies.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW599 - Land Law (15 credits)
The focus of the module is private property in English land: title by registration; squatting; owner-occupation; leases; covenants and land development. It builds on the Foundations of Property module to develop an in-depth understanding of English land law, its conception of property and its politics and effects. And it gives experience in how to advise clients on land law problems and on how to avoid problems for clients.
Credits: 15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits).
LW601 - Advanced Level Criminal Law (30 credits)
While the curriculum for LW508 Criminal Law Level I and LW601 Advanced Criminal Law Level H is by and large the same in that the same topics are considered, students following the course at level H will consider each discrete topic to a much greater depth making use of, and improving, skills developed in earlier years of their degree programme.
The module is structured to provide students with the opportunity to explore the major issues in criminal law through class presentation, through consideration of essay style topics and to engage in critical analysis of topics by considering criminal law problem questions. Students will be expected to discuss particular issues of criminal law and their implications for a wider social context. At the commencement of the module students are provided with a Seminar Workbook which outlines the weekly seminar topic and task.
Credits: 30 credits (15 ECTS credits).
Teaching & Assessment
Kent Law School emphasises research-led teaching which means that the modules taught are at the leading edge of new legal and policy developments. Kent Law School is renowned nationally for research quality, being 'world-leading' or 'internationally excellent'. All of our research active staff teach so you are taught by influential thinkers who are at the forefront of their field. We also have one of the best student:staff ratios in the country, which allows small, weekly seminar-group teaching in all of our core modules, where you are actively encouraged to take part.
Most modules are assessed by end-of-year examinations and continuous assessment, the ratio varying from module to module, with Kent encouraging and supporting the development of research and written skills. Some modules include an optional research-based dissertation that counts for 45% or, in some cases, 100% of the final mark. Assessment can also incorporate assessment through oral presentation and argument, often in the style of legal practice (such as mooting), and client based work and reflection through our Law Clinic.
Law School staff include the winner of the 2012 OUP Law Teacher of the Year Award, with Kent the only law school in the UK to have had staff shortlisted for the award for three consecutive years.
Programme aims
The programme aims to:
- meet the needs of both those contemplating a career in the legal professions and those motivated primarily by an intellectual interest in English and French law and legal issues
- be compatible with widening participation in higher education by offering a wide variety of entry routes
- provide a sound knowledge and systematic understanding of the principal institutions and procedures of the English and French legal systems
- provide a sound grounding in the major concepts and principles of English law, French Law, the law of the European Union, and the European Convention on Human Rights
- develop a critical awareness of law in its historical, socio-economic and political contexts, and to introduce students to a range of different theoretical approaches to the study of law
- offer a range of modules covering the foundations of legal knowledge, as defined by the Solicitors Regulation Authority and Bar Standards Board, which will enable students who successfully complete them to obtain a qualifying law degree
- offer students an in-depth experience of studying French law in a French law faculty (Paris I, Paris X, Bordeaux IV or Grenoble II) where they will obtain either the licence or the Diploma depending upon ability
- offer students the opportunity to live and study abroad with the object of promoting European integration
- offer a range of options to enable students to study some selected areas of areas of law (English, French, comparative) in depth
- offer students the opportunity to develop their French language skills both at a conversational level and at specialist level (French legal terminology)
- provide a curriculum supported by scholarship and a research culture that requires students to engage with aspects of work at the frontiers of knowledge
- offer the opportunity to acquire direct experience of legal practice and to critically reflect on it through participation in the Kent Law Clinic
- enable students to manage their own learning and to carry out independent research, including research into areas of law they have not previously studied
- develop general critical, analytical and problem-solving skills which can be applied in a wide range of different legal and non-legal settings
- enable students to develop skills relevant to their vocational and personal development
- provide students, in their final year, with an opportunity to consolidate their knowledge of common law and civil law through the selection of English law modules together with one recommended optional module (comparative law).
Learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding
You gain knowledge and understanding of:
- principal features of the English legal system, including its institutions, procedures and sources of law
- principal features of the law of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights
- principal features of the French legal system, including its institutions, procedures and sources of law
- the concepts, principles and rules of a substantial range of English legal subjects, including an in-depth knowledge of some areas of law, and, depending on options, an in-depth knowledge of the law of the European Union, the European Convention on Human Rights, international law and comparative law
- the concepts, principles and rules of French public law, the French law of obligations and several specialised areas of French law as studied in a French law faculty
- French legal methodology including, in particular, the French two-part legal plan for essays and case commentaries
- the relationship between law and the historical, socio-economic and political contexts in which it operates
- French language and French legal language to a reasonably high level
- a range of theoretical and critical perspectives which can be applied to the study of law.
Intellectual skills
You gain intellectual skills in how to:
- recognise and rank items and issues in terms of their relevance and importance
- effectively apply knowledge to analyse complex issues in both English and French
- collect and synthesise information from a variety of English and French sources
- formulate and sustain a complex argument in English and French, supporting it with appropriate evidence
- recognise potential alternative solutions to particular problems and make a reasoned choice between them
- independently acquire knowledge and understanding in areas, both legal and non-legal, not previously studied
- demonstrate an independence of mind and an ability to critically challenge received understandings and conclusions
- reflect constructively on your own learning processes
- develop your level of French language both in writing and orally.
Subject-specific skills
You gain subject-specific skills in:
- recognising the legal issues arising in factual situations of limited and great complexity in English and French law
- identifying and applying case and statute law
- providing informed and reasoned opinion on possible legal actions and their likelihood of success
- identifying legal and related issues which require research
- locating and using primary and secondary legal, and other relevant sources
- conducting both guided and independent legal research using a range of resources
- critically evaluating an area of law both doctrinally and in terms of its socio-economic and other consequences
- functioning effectively in both English and French languages and in English law
Transferable skills
You develop transferable skills in the following areas:
- communication in both English and French – how to communicate effectively in speech and writing, in relation to legal matters and generally; engage constructively and effectively in arguments and discussions of complex matters; how to use communication and IT for the retrieval and presentation of information, including statistical or numerical data; how to read complex legal and non-legal materials and summarise them accurately; employing correct legal terminology and correct methods of citation and referencing for legal and other academic materials
- information technology – how to produce written documents; undertake online research; process information using databases
- working with others – how to define and review the work of others; work co-operatively on group tasks; collaborate with others and contribute to the achievement of common goals
- improving own learning – how to explore personal strengths and weaknesses; review your working environment; develop specialist learning skills (for example in foreign languages); develop autonomy in learning; demonstrate initiative and manage your own time
- problem solving – how to identify and define problems; explore alternative solutions and discriminate between them.
Kent has an excellent employment record, with Law School graduates commanding some of the highest starting salaries in the UK. Law graduates can go into a variety of careers, including working as: solicitors or barristers in private practice; lawyers in companies, local authorities, central government and its agencies, or in the institutions of the European Union; non-legal careers, such as banking, finance and management.
Kent Law School has an active careers programme that sees a number of leading law firms and prominent members of the legal profession (including Kent alumni) visit the University to meet and speak with students. The Law School also gives students the opportunity to develop legal skills while at Kent, through modules in mooting and negotiation, and through involvement in the Law Clinic. We also actively work with employers to create work placement opportunities for our students.
Professional recognition
All programmes can lead to a Qualifying Law Degree (QLD). A QLD is recognised by the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board as satisfying the first (or 'Academic') stage of training required to qualify as a solicitor or barrister in England and Wales.
Please be aware that the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board are conducting independent reviews of the legal training and education required to qualify as a solicitor or barrister in England and Wales. These reviews cover the 'Academic Stage' of training and may impact upon the role of the law degree as part of the training process. Please see the website of each regulator for more information (the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board).
Entry requirements
Home/EU students
The University will consider applications from students offering a wide range of qualifications, typical requirements are listed below, students offering alternative qualifications should contact the Admissions Office for further advice. It is not possible to offer places to all students who meet this typical offer/minimum requirement.
|Typical offer/minimum requirement
|A level
AAA/ABB inlcuding French grade B
|Access to HE Diploma
The University of Kent will not necessarily make conditional offers to all access candidates but will continue to assess them on an individual basis. If an offer is made candidates will be required to obtain/pass the overall Access to Higher Education Diploma and may also be required to obtain a proportion of the total level 3 credits and/or credits in particular subjects at merit grade or above.
|BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma (formerly BTEC National Diploma)
The University will consider applicants holding BTEC National Diploma and Extended National Diploma Qualifications (QCF; NQF;OCR) on a case by case basis please contact us via the enquiries tab for further advice on your individual circumstances.
|International Baccalaureate
34 points overall or 17 points at HL including French HL A1/A2/B at 4/5/5 or SL A1/A2/B at 5/6/6
International students
The University receives applications from over 140 different nationalities and consequently will consider applications from prospective students offering a wide range of international qualifications. Our International Development Office will be happy to advise prospective students on entry requirements. See our International Student website for further information about our country-specific requirements.
Please note that if you need to increase your level of qualification ready for undergraduate study, we offer a number of International Foundation Programmes through Kent International Pathways.
|Typical offer/minimum requirement
|English Language Requirements
Please see our English language entry requirements web page.
Please note that if you are required to meet an English language condition, we offer a number of pre-sessional courses in English for Academic Purposes through Kent International Pathways.
General entry requirements
Please also see our general entry requirements.
University funding
Kent offers generous financial support schemes to assist eligible undergraduate students during their studies. See our funding page for more details.
Government funding
You may be eligible for government finance to help pay for the costs of studying. See the Government's student finance website.
The Government has confirmed that EU students applying for university places in the 2017 to 2018 academic year will still have access to student funding support for the duration of their course.
General scholarships
Scholarships are available for excellence in academic performance, sport and music and are awarded on merit. For further information on the range of awards available and to make an application see our scholarships website.
The Kent Scholarship for Academic Excellence
At Kent we recognise, encourage and reward excellence. We have created the Kent Scholarship for Academic Excellence. The scholarship will be awarded to any applicant who achieves a minimum of AAA over three A levels, or the equivalent qualifications as specified on our scholarships pages.
The scholarship is also extended to those who achieve AAB at A level (or specified equivalents) where one of the subjects is either Mathematics or a Modern Foreign Language. Please review the eligibility criteria.
Enquire or order a prospectus
LLB (Hons)
- Full-time Enquire online | Order a prospectus
Read our student profiles
Related schools
The 2017/18 tuition fees for this programme are:
Fees for Year Abroad/Industry
As a guide only, UK/EU/International students on an approved year abroad for the full 2017/18 academic year pay an annual fee of £1,350 to Kent for that year. Students studying abroad for less than one academic year will pay full fees according to their fee status.
Please note that for 2017/18 entrants the University will increase the standard year in industry fee for home/EU/international students to £1,350.
UK/EU fee paying students
The Government has announced changes to allow undergraduate tuition fees to rise in line with inflation from 2017/18.
In accordance with changes announced by the UK Government, we are increasing our 2017/18 regulated full-time tuition fees for new and returning UK/EU fee paying undergraduates from £9,000 to £9,250. The equivalent part-time fees for these courses will also rise from £4,500 to £4,625. This was subject to us satisfying the Government's Teaching Excellence Framework and the access regulator's requirements. This fee will ensure the continued provision of high-quality education.
For students continuing on this programme, fees will increase year on year by no more than RPI + 3% in each academic year of study except where regulated.* If you are uncertain about your fee status please contact email@example.com
Key Information Sets
The Key Information Set (KIS) data is compiled by UNISTATS and draws from a variety of sources which includes the National Student Survey and the Higher Education Statistical Agency. The data for assessment and contact hours is compiled from the most populous modules (to the total of 120 credits for an academic session) for this particular degree programme. Depending on module selection, there may be some variation between the KIS data and an individual's experience. For further information on how the KIS data is compiled please see the UNISTATS website.
If you have any queries about a particular programme, please contact email@example.com.


text:
Fresh Fiction Awards Finalists
Reviewer Application
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Small town secrets, big time heartache�
If only life came with a script.
If you're reading this, I'm already dead�
he�ll never get another chance at her heart . . .
When Tori Reed loses everything, he sets her free.
Winter has always been a deadly season in Temperance, but this time, there�s more to fear than just the cold�
Small town secrets, big time heartache�
If only life came with a script.
If you're reading this, I'm already dead�
he�ll never get another chance at her heart . . .
When Tori Reed loses everything, he sets her free.
Winter has always been a deadly season in Temperance, but this time, there�s more to fear than just the cold�
Barnes & Noble
Powell's Books
Under The Desert Sky, April 2016
A Family For Maddie, January 2015
Hearts Afire, May 2014
Hearts Unbound, August 2013
Marci's Desire, June 2013
Rimfire Bride, March 2013
Tallie's Hero, September 2012
Claiming The Heart, May 2012
Susanna's Choice, January 2012
Pocket Books
May 2014
On Sale: April 29, 2014
Featuring: Lincoln Buchannan; Sabrina Chadwick
368 pages ISBN: 1476753776EAN: 9781476753775Kindle: B00DPM7RGKPaperback / e-Book
Add to Wish List
A Spirited Romance You Can't Put Down
Historical Romance
She left behind fame and fortune, and discovered something
far more precious: the love of a strong Western man.
From the spotlight . . .
The toast of New York�s theater world, Sabrina Chadwick
dazzled with her raven-haired beauty and brilliant
performances. But her rising star came crashing down after a
disastrous night of scandal and betrayal that left the young
actress with nothing but a broken heart. Now the preacher�s
daughter who found glittering success on the stage must
begin a new life somewhere she can escape her shattered past
as Sabrina Chadwick.
. . . to love�s shining light.
Lincoln Buchannan had no idea that the lovely lady new to
Colorado Springs had been a star back East. The wealthy mine
owner only knew that Victoria Drumm was stranded without
accommodations in a city bustling with gold rush fever! Link
offers Tori shelter in his sprawling home and agrees to help
track down her brother, a fervent union organizer in nearby
Cripple Creek. As desire flares between Tori and her rugged
rescuer, so do the demands of striking miners in a violent
and historic protest fueled by passionate convictions on
both sides.
1 comment posted.
Re: Hearts Afire
Let me start out by saying that the cover to your book is absolutely stunning!! I am so glad that you took on the daunting task of keeping History alive through your writing!! I, for one, truly enjoy reading these books, and learning facts that I never learned about while I was in school, because there was only so much that they could teach you in History class. These books are so important for not only adults to read, but for impressionable teens, who are near the age of consent, to know how things were back when our Country was young, and going through some adjustments. I am looking forward to reading your book, probably in the early Fall, so I can inhale every last word, and relive the heartache that these brave men went through for our freedom. A million thank yous for your contribution to literature!!(Peggy Roberson 1:04pm August 8, 2014)
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This is a series of articles to find BDCs to include in my updated "Total Return Portfolios" for Q3 2014. Please read "Part 1" for complete description of the portfolio but basically it is for investors that want dependable regular dividends and the potential for special dividends as well as long-term capital appreciation from increased stock values. The other four portfolios that I will cover in following articles are 'High Yield', 'Risk Averse', 'Value' and the 'Underdog' portfolios that will be updated on my "Portfolio Updates" page. This article will combine the portfolio growth and dividend coverage results from the articles listed below to discuss the potential for dividend increases.
- Part 1: Introduction
- Part 2: Historical & Potential Dividend Coverage
- Part 3: Portfolio Growth Potential
- Part 4: NAV Growth Potential
Portfolio Growth Potential
As discussed in "Part 3" of this series, portfolio growth potential without the need to issue additional shares is an indicator of how much a BDC can grow the current dividend by using cash and debt to purchase investments and increase net investment income ("NII"). The following table shows the portfolio growth potential for each BDC as of March 31, 2014 without the need to raise equity capital. However BDCs that have issued additional shares since the end of Q1 such as Fifth Street Finance (NYSE:FSC), Main Street Capital (NYSE:MAIN), Medley Capital (NYSE:MCC), New Mountain Finance (NYSE:NMFC) and Prospect Capital (NASDAQ:PSEC) have higher amounts of potential growth than listed in the table. I have placed each BDC into different categories based on the ability to have higher leverage due to SBIC licenses and/or higher quality assets to borrow against (please read Part 3 for more information).
Dividend Growth Potential
To estimate the amount of potential dividend growth over the coming quarters I account for the ability to grow the portfolio without issuing additional shares (measured in the previous table) along with historical dividend coverage. I have also included the results from my "optimal leverage" analysis that uses the current cost structure and capital expenses for each BDC, along with the amount of equity as of March 31, 2014 (or most recent), a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.80 and the current portfolio yield to project income and expenses. For more information on this approach to projecting dividend coverage, please read "BDC Dividend Coverage Part 1". I then averaged these measures of dividend coverage to come up with what I believe is the optimal amount of dividend growth available to each BDC. However the industry is experiencing yield compression as discussed in the dividend coverage series and I would expect to see companies taking a conservative approach to future increases and the BDCs with higher amounts of growth potential are much less likely to cut dividends in the future.
As you can see many of the BDCs that are currently in my total return portfolios are near the top including MAIN, TCP Capital (NASDAQ:TCPC), Hercules Technology Growth Capital (NASDAQ:HTGC), FS Investment Corp (NYSE:FSIC) and Ares Capital (NASDAQ:ARCC). NMFC and PennantPark Investment (NASDAQ:PNNT) rank lower from a dividend growth standpoint than the others but currently have the highest yields as well. I do not believe this is a coincidence. Triangle Capital (NYSE:TCAP) and Fidus Investment (NASDAQ:FDUS) continue rank higher as they have in previous analyses of this series and are serious contenders for these portfolios. As discussed in "Part 4" many of the BDCs with higher yields have less net asset value ("NAV") per share growth due to paying out a higher amount of gains and income such as PSEC, FSC, MCC, THL Credit (NASDAQ:TCRD) and TICC Capital (NASDAQ:TICC). These BDCs usually have less dividend growth potential for many of the same reasons with the exception of MCC which will be considered as well. KCAP Financial (NASDAQ:KCAP) and BlackRock Kelso Capital (NASDAQ:BKCC) are the only two BDCs that are likely to cut dividends and will not be considered.
The rest of this series will continue to look at historical results and projected performance of each BDC to uncover the best BDCs for this portfolio. The key criteria that I will be analyzing in upcoming articles are:
- Special dividend potential
- Relative valuations
- Risk to reward ratio
I will try to cover each of these areas using available public information as well as my own analysis and I will most likely be investing in all of these BDCs personally. Investors should only use this information as a starting point for due diligence and please see my frequently updated "Index to BDC Articles" for more information.
Disclosure: The author is long ARCC, FSC, FSIC, GBDC, HTGC, MAIN, NMFC, PFLT, PNNT, PSEC, TCPC. The author wrote this article themselves, and it expresses their own opinions. The author is not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). The author has no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.


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Has Anyone Taken API, APII or Lifespan Psychology at Middlesex Community College?!
0 Any info would be appreciated. How was your professor?! Were they fair?! Helpful?! I will probably have to take the science courses on a Saturday...all day. Yikes. lolJan 2, '08 by love-d-ORI haven't but I just could'nt help myself from commenting on the name of the school. Middlesex? Hehe!!


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UnitedHealth Group Inc (UNH) : Needelman Asset Management Inc reduced its stake in UnitedHealth Group Inc by 9.81% during the most recent quarter end. The investment management company now holds a total of 9,650 shares of UnitedHealth Group Inc which is valued at $1,294,934 after selling 1,050 shares in UnitedHealth Group Inc , the firm said in a disclosure report filed with the SEC on Oct 13, 2016.UnitedHealth Group Inc makes up approximately 3.99% of Needelman Asset Management Inc's portfolio.
Other Hedge Funds, Including , Gulf International Bank (uk) Ltd boosted its stake in UNH in the latest quarter, The investment management firm added 1,950 additional shares and now holds a total of 288,714 shares of UnitedHealth Group Inc which is valued at $38,742,532. UnitedHealth Group Inc makes up approx 0.64% of Gulf International Bank (uk) Ltd's portfolio.Cobiz Investment Management reduced its stake in UNH by selling 687 shares or 1.6% in the most recent quarter. The Hedge Fund company now holds 42,220 shares of UNH which is valued at $5,829,738. UnitedHealth Group Inc makes up approx 1.41% of Cobiz Investment Management's portfolio.Summit Financial Wealth Advisors reduced its stake in UNH by selling 4,122 shares or 15.41% in the most recent quarter. The Hedge Fund company now holds 22,625 shares of UNH which is valued at $3,113,200. UnitedHealth Group Inc makes up approx 1.36% of Summit Financial Wealth Advisors's portfolio.Harbour Capital Advisors reduced its stake in UNH by selling 200 shares or 1.63% in the most recent quarter. The Hedge Fund company now holds 12,038 shares of UNH which is valued at $1,656,429. UnitedHealth Group Inc makes up approx 0.89% of Harbour Capital Advisors's portfolio.
UnitedHealth Group Inc closed down -3.33 points or -2.41% at $134.75 with 33,53,588 shares getting traded on Tuesday. Post opening the session at $137.32, the shares hit an intraday low of $134.37 and an intraday high of $137.69 and the price fluctuated in this range throughout the day.Shares ended Tuesday session in Red.
On the company's financial health, UnitedHealth Group Inc reported $1.96 EPS for the quarter, beating the analyst consensus estimate by $ 0.07 according to the earnings call on Jul 19, 2016. Analyst had a consensus of $1.89. The company had revenue of $46485.00 million for the quarter, compared to analysts expectations of $45039.08 million. The company's revenue was up 28.2% compared to the same quarter last year. During the same quarter in the previous year, the company posted $1.64 EPS.
Many Wall Street Analysts have commented on UnitedHealth Group Inc. UnitedHealth Group Inc was Upgraded by Argus to " Buy" on Jul 22, 2016. Company shares were Reiterated by RBC Capital Mkts on Jul 20, 2016 to "Outperform", Firm has raised the Price Target to $ 165 from a previous price target of $157 .Company shares were Reiterated by Mizuho on Jul 19, 2016 to "Buy", Firm has raised the Price Target to $ 160 from a previous price target of $156 .
UnitedHealth Group Incorporated is a health and well-being company. The Company's business platforms include UnitedHealthcare and Optum. UnitedHealthcare provides health care benefits to various customers and markets. Optum is a health services business serving the health care marketplace including payers care providers employers Governments life sciences companies and consumers. The Company's business platforms have four segments: UnitedHealthcare OptumHealth OptumInsight and OptumRx. UnitedHealthcare includes UnitedHealthcare Employer & Individual UnitedHealthcare Medicare & Retirement UnitedHealthcare Community & State and UnitedHealthcare Global. OptumHealth is a health and wellness business serving the physical emotional and financial needs of individuals. OptumInsight provides technology operational and consulting services to participants in the health care industry. OptumRx provides a range of pharmacy benefit management (PBM) services.


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Project Management SoftwareMore...
The faster and better project management software make business project work easier with smart feature-full tools. It easily mnage the projects different modules to plan a project. Take a step to maintain your peoject with some smart features included project management software.Tuesday, 15-Sep-15 04:40:09 PDT from web


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Pioneer Drilling executes term contracts for new-build rigs
Share |
17 May 2011, Oil, Gas
Three of the four will be 1,500-horsepower AC drilling rigs and one will be a 1,000-horsepower AC rig, all to be delivered in the first and second quarters of 2012.
"Our latest new-build rigs are designed with features to improve horizontal drilling operations in shale plays, which are being well received by our customers," said Wm. Stacy Locke, President and CEO of Pioneer Drilling.
"The 1500-horesepower rigs will be equipped with 2,000-horsepower mud pumps and 7,500-psi fluid heads to drill long lateral well bores faster and more effectively. All of the rigs will be fully automated AC electric rigs equipped with 500-ton top drives, iron roughnecks, automatic catwalks and walking systems for pad drilling, plus they will be crane free for quicker mobilization," added Locke.
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Bella Hadid Goes Braless in Completely Sheer Top. See the Eye-Popping Pics
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The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Photocall
Photo credit: Lavinia Fontana/Future Image / WENN
To fit your screen, we scale this picture smaller than its actual size. The original picture size is 689x1000 pixels and this photo has been viewed 1094 times since December 13, 2013


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Here's How Vogue Celebrates National Puppy Day
People may disagree about hemlines or the latest It accessories, but no one can dispute the singular appeal of a puppy. And from William Wegman and his famous Weimaraners to Bruce Weber and his fleet of gorgeous goldens, fashion is no different. Over the years, a variety of legendary image-makers, from Weber to Irving Penn and Patrick Demarchelier, have worked dogs into their shots in the pages of Vogue, adding humor, whimsy, and a touch of fun to their editorials.
Posing alongside the world's biggest models—Kate, Christy, Daria, and more—and every so often even making their way onto a cover, these chic canines prove that the industry has been obsessed with man's best friend long before Neville Jacobs took social media by storm. To celebrate National Puppy Day, take a look back at the cutest, coolest, and craziest times four-legged friends have featured in Vogue.
Shop Vogue archival prints in the Condé Nast Store now.


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Suncoast Pediatric Care
Spring Hill, FL 34609
About Rizwan A. Qureshi
Rizwan A. Qureshi, MD received his medical degree from Allama Iqbal Medical College, University Of Health Sciences Lahore.
Dr. Usmani-Qureshi completed a Residency in Pediatrics at Lincoln Hospital in New York.
Usmani-Qureshi specializes in general medicine at Oak Hill Hospital, and is a practicing physician with Suncoast Pediatric Care in Brooksville, Florida.
Medical School
Allama Iqbal Medical College, University Of Health Sciences Lahore
Pediatrics at Lincoln Hospital in New York
Languages Spoken
English, Arabic
General Medicine
Office Locations
Suncoast Pediatric Care
6800 Mariner Boulevard
Spring Hill, FL 34609
Phone: (352) 592-2003
Fax: (352) 592-0433
Office Hours
Monday-Friday 9:00 AM-5:00 PM
Accepted Insurance
Aetna, AmeriGroup, AvMed, BCBS Florida, Blue Cross and Blue Shield, CIGNA, Commercial Insurance Company, Coventry Health Care, Emblem Health, Humana, Medicaid, Medical Mutual of Ohio, Medicare, MultiPlan, United HealthCare.


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Why Planning?
Urban and Regional Planning is a dynamic, cutting edge field that attracts diverse individuals and draws upon and integrates knowledge from geography, economics, design, sociology, environmental studies, political science, urban studies, and other fields. Learn more about the urban planning profession and UCI's Master of Urban and Regional Planning degree program
Applications are now being accepted for Fall 2017 entry into the UCI's Master of Urban and Regional Planning program. The application deadline is January 15, 2017.
Our ENGAGE MURP blog site helps you stay connected with the UCI MURP program happenings. View highlights of past activities, and check out the upcoming events and calendar to find ways to get involved – workshops, speakers, social activities, and other planning-related campus or community events.


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Boy meets girl in this best-selling, most sought-after women's ZeroGrand Oxford styles that perfectly balance masculine and feminine with panache. Crafted from soft suede with laser-cut details, they feature ivory rubber soles with Grand.OS technology that are carefully constructed with a focus on flexibility and reduced weight.
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Estimated delivery date: 1 (based on standard shipping).
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