text:
The Letter of Alexander to Aristotle
A translation of the Old English text
By Andy Orchard
Here is the text of the letter of Alexander, the great king and the famous Macedonian, which he
wrote and sent to Aristotle, his teacher, concerning the situation of the great nation of India, and
the extent of his expeditions and his travels, which he made throughout the world. He says as
follows in the very beginning of the letter:
I always remember you, even in the midst of the dreadful uncertainty of our battles, since you, my
dearest teacher, are, next to my mother and sisters, my dearest friend. And since I know that you
are well set in wisdom, I thought to write to you about the great nation of India, and the
disposition of the heavens, and the countless varieties of serpents, and men, and wild beasts, so
that your learning and knowledge might contribute to a certain extent to the understanding of
these novelties. Although in you consummate wisdom and erudition and teaching of what is
correct require no assistance, yet I wished that you should learn of my deeds, which you love, and
of those things which you have not seen, and which I saw in India after manifold struggles and
after great danger alongside the Greek army.
These things I write and tell you, and each of them is individually worth bearing in mind exactly as
I observed it. I would not have believed the words of any man that so many marvellous things
could be so before I saw them myself with my own eyes. The earth is a source of wonder first for
the good things she brings forth, and then for the evil, through which she is revealed to observers.
She is the producer of well-known wild beasts, and plants, and stones and metal-ore, and of
wondrous creatures, all those things which are difficult to comprehend for those who look and
observe because of the variety of their forms.
But now I will write to you about those things that come first to mind, in case I can be accused of
empty talk and shameful lies. Look, you yourself know that the nature of my mind is always such
as to keep me continually within the boundaries of what is true and right; and I have described
things in words more sparingly than they actually occurred. So now I hope and believe that you
perceive these things so as not at all to reckon me to boast in telling of the greatness of our
struggle and contest. For I often wished and wanted that fewer of them were so severe.
In this I give thanks to the Greek army, and especially to the strength of youth and our
unconquered troop, because they were with me in the easy things and did not depart during the
hardships, but with patience they bore with me always so that I was called king of all kings. Be
pleased with these honours, my dear teacher. And now I shall write these things jointly to you
and to my mother Olympias, and my sisters, for the pair of you shall share a common love. And if
it is otherwise, then you show yourself a lesser man than I previously believed of you.
In the previous letters which I sent you, I explained and indicated to you about the eclipse of the
sun and moon, and the courses of the stars and configurations, and the heavenly signs. All these
things cannot be otherwise than so arranged and foreordained by a great intelligence. And now I
shall write down all this new information for you in a letter. When you read it, be aware that this
is all such as seemed appropriate, in the opinion of your Alexander, to send to you.
In the month of May we overcame and conquered King Darius of Persia at the river Gande, and
there took all his kingdom into our possession. And we set and designated our stewards over the
eastern nations, and we were enriched with many royal honours. In the earlier letter I told you
about this, and, in case reporting it will seem to you too repetitious to write, I will pass over it,
and tell you what has happened now.
In the month of July, in the final days of that month we came into the land of India to a place
called Fasiacen. And with amazing swiftness we overcame and conquered Porus, the king. And
we took his entire nation under our control, and in that land we were enriched with many royal
honours. But I want you to know those things which are worth having in mind. First I will write
to you about the countless multitude of his troop, which comprised (not counting an innumerable
number of foot-soldiers), sixteen thousand men and eight hundred cavalry, all equipped with
battle-gear. And there we captured four hundred elephants, on whom were there stood armed
archers, and the elephants carried towers and platforms, on which the mail-clad warriors stood.
After that we entered the royal city of Porus with our weapons. And we saw his hall and his royal
quarters. There were golden columns, very great, and mighty, and firm, which were enormously
large and tall, of which we counted a tally of four hundred. The walls were also golden, sheathed
with gold plates the thickness of a finger. When I wished to see these things more keenly and
went further, I saw a golden vineyard, mighty and firm, and its branches hung about the columns.
And I was greatly amazed at that. The leaves of the vineyard were of gold, and its tendrils and
fruits were of crystal and emerald, and jewels hung among the crystal. His bedrooms and his main
chambers were all most highly embellished with precious stones, the gem-stones unions and
carbuncles. On the outside they were wrought in ivory, wonderfully white and fair, and posts of
cypress and laurel supported them on the outside, and twisted golden props stood within, and
there were countless hoards of gold inside and out, and they were manifold and of various kinds.
And many jewelled vessels and crystal drinking-cups and golden pitchers were brought forth
there. Seldom did we find any silver there.
When I had all these things in my possession, I wanted to see the interior of India. Then I came
into the land of Caspia with all my army. There was the most fruitful soil in the country. And I
marvelled greatly at the fertility of the soil, and, truly rejoicing in my heart, I wished more eagerly
to see that land. Then the inhabitants of the land told us that we should beware the various kinds
of serpents and savage wild beasts, in case we came upon them. A multitude of them dwell in
these hills and valleys, and in woods, and in open country, and they hide themselves in stony
hollows. And yet I wished rather to travel the dangerous paths and ways than the safe paths, so
that I could catch up with Porus, fleeing from the battle, before he could escape into the deserted
tracts of the world.
I took with me 250 guides who knew the shorter routes of that journey. Then we travelled in the
month ofaugust through the boiling sands, and the rough places devoid of water or any moisture.
And I offered a reward to those who led us knowledgeably through the unknown land of India
and were willing to lead me with my army safe to the land of Patriacen And most of all I wished
that they would lead me to the secret weavers of precious cloth, who spun it wonderfully from a
certain tree, and from its leaves and fleece, and wove and worked it into precious cloth. But
those natives strove to fulfil the will of our enemies rather than ours, since they led us through
those lands in which there were intolerable varieties of serpents and savage wild beasts. Then I
realised myself and saw for my part that these difficulties beset me. For I had discounted and
disregarded the useful advice of my friends and of those men who tried to dissuade me from
travelling on those paths. Then I gave orders to my thegns and commanded that they kept their
weapons to the ready, and proceeded in battle-array. And my troop and my thegns and all my
army had brought and carried a great deal with them of the gold and precious stones that they had
plundered. For they expected and feared that if they left it behind their enemies would secretly
take it and steal it away.
And indeed my thegns and all my troop had gained so much wealth that they could only with
difficulty bring and carry with them the burden of all that gold. Also their weapons were no little
burden because I had commanded that all the weapons of my thegns and all my troop and army be
covered with gold plate. And all my troop looked like stars or lightning because of the amount of
the gold. It shone and glittered before me and around me in glory, and they led before me war-banners and standards. And so great was the sight and spectacle of that troop of mine in
splendour beyond all the other mighty kings there have been in the world. When I myself gazed
and saw my prosperity and my glory and the success of my youth and the prosperity of my life, I
was somewhat uplifted with joy in my heart.
But as it turns out so often in better and sounder things, fate and appearance often change them,
and turn them into something else, and at that time it happened to us that we were sorely vexed
and afflicted with thirst. We bore and suffered that thirst sorely, when one of my thegns who was
called Seferus found water in a hollow stone and poured it into a helmet and brought it to me.
And that thegn of mine was himself thirsty, and yet he cared more for my life and health than for
his own. And when, as I have said, he brought that water to me, I ordered together all my troop
and all my trusted band and poured it away in the sight of them all, so that I should not drink and
leave thirsty my thegn and my army, and all who were with me. And then before them all I
praised the deed of Seferus my thegn, and gave him precious gifts for that deed in the sight of
them all. And when my troop was heartened and
Calmed by this, we went ahead on the route we had taken before, and it was not long until we
came to a certain river in the wilderness. On the river-bank there stood reeds and pines, and
silver-fir trees of huge size and stature grew and flourished on the cliff-edge.
When we came to the river, because of the unbearable thirst which was afflicting myself and also
all my army and the animals that were with us, I ordered my host to rest and make camp. And
when we had camped there I wanted to ease and cool my thirst. When I tasted the water it was
more bitter and harsh to drink than any other I had tasted. And neither was any man able to drink
it, nor could any animal taste it. Then I was particularly disturbed in my heart for the dumb
animals, since I knew that men could more easily bear their thirst than the beasts. There was a
great multitude of four-footed animals with me, and a great multitude of elephants, a thousand of
huge size who bore and carried the gold, and two thousand four hundred horses (not including the
cavalry), and twenty thousand foot soldiers, then there was two and a half thousand mules who
carried the packs, and thirty thousand pack-horses and oxen who carried the wheat, two thousand
camels, five hundred cattle, of which some were slaughtered every day for food. There was also
an innumerable tally of horses and mules and camels and elephants who followed us in countless
droves. They were all vexed and afflicted with unbearable thirst. Then the men sometimes licked
their iron tools and sometimes they tasted oil and cooled their thirst in its pungency. Then in their
shame some men in their need drank piss.
Things had then become difficult for me for two reasons: first with regard to my own necessity,
and that of my troop. Then I ordered each man to equip himself with his weapons, and set out,
and gave a strict command that any man who was not equipped with his weapons in battle-array
should be killed with weapons. Then they wondered greatly why they had to bear the weight and
size of their weapons in such great thirst when no enemy was in sight. But I knew that our path
and journey led through those lands and places in which various kinds of serpents and savage wild
animals had their dwelling. And since we were unfamiliar and unaware of that terrain, any
disaster might suddenly befall us.
Then we went forth along the bank of the river, at the eighth hour of the day. Then we came to a
village, built in the middle of the river on an island. The village was built and constructed from
the reeds and trees that grew on the river-bank, and which we have written about and described
already. When we looked into the village we saw dwelling in it a few half~naked Indians. But as
soon as they themselves saw us they hid themselves furtively in their houses. I wanted to catch
sight of these men, to find out about clean fresh water. After we had waited a long time and none
of them would emerge, I ordered a few arrows to be shot into the village, so that if they would
not come out to us voluntarily, they should of necessity, through fear of battle. Then they were
still more greatly afraid, and hid themselves more securely. Then I ordered two hundred of my
thegns from the Greek army to arm themselves with light weapons and go over to the village by
swimming, and they swum over across the river to that island. And when they had swum about a
quarter of the river, something terrible happened to them. There appeared a multitude of water-monsters [hippopotami], larger and more terrible in appearance than the elephants, who dragged
the men through the watery waves down to the river bottom, and tore them to bloody pieces with
their mouths, and snatched them all away so that none of us knew where any of them had gone.
Then I was very angry with my guides, who had led us into such danger. I ordered that one
hundred and fifty of them be shoved into the river, and as soon as they were in the water-monsters were ready, and dragged them away just as they had done with the others, and the
water-monsters seethed up in the river as thick as ants, they were so innumerable. Then I ordered
the trumpets to be sounded, and the army to head off.
It was the eleventh hour of the day, and we set forth. Then we saw men coming over the river,
and they had made boat-shapes from the reeds and trees that stood on the river bank, and sat on
top of them. When we asked the men about fresh water, they answered us in their own language
and told us where to find it and said that we would find a very big lake in which there was plenty
of clean fresh water, and that if we were keen we would get there fairly soon. And in addition to
so many hardships we travelled throughout the whole night vexed with thirst, and greatly afflicted
by the burden of our weapons. And throughout the whole night as we travelled, lions and bears
and tigers and leopards and wolves attacked us continually, and we held them off. And on the
next day, when it was the eighth hour of the day, we came to the lake that had been described to
us. It was entirely overgrown with woods a mile deep, but there was a path to the water. I was
delighted in this clean fresh water, and immediately slaked my thirst and then that of all my troop,
and immediately ordered all our horses and our animals to be watered, since they were all greatly
suffering with thirst. After that I immediately ordered the army to pitch camp. The campsite was
twenty furlongs in length, and the same in width. After they had camped, I ordered the grove
cleared, and the trees felled to make it easier for people to get to the water, and to the lake by
which we had camped. Then I ordered all our horses and animals and elephants to be gathered
together, and ordered them brought to the middle of our encampment, into the midst of the tents,
in case any of them were lost, since we did not know what might occur during the night. And
then I also ordered that fires be lit from the wood which had been felled, and the troops with me
did so: they lit fifteen hundred fires, and I did that so that if something unexpected should happen
to us, we should have the light and comfort of the fires.
When we had lit as many fires as seemed necessary, my trumpets were sounded, and I ate some
food, and so did all my army. It was then one hour before night-time, and I ordered two thousand
of the golden lanterns I had with me to be lit. Then before moon-rise there came the type of
insect called a scorpion, just as they usually did, towards the water. There was a great multitude
of these insects, beyond number, and they hastened greatly and scurried into our camp. Then
after that there came horned serpents, the kind of serpent called Carastis. They were all of
different colours, some red, some black, some white. On some of them their scales glittered and
shone as if they were gold when one looked at them. And the whole country resounded with the
hissing of the serpents, and we had no little terror of them. But we shielded ourselves with our
shields and slew and killed them with long-shafted spears, and also burnt many in the fires. We
endured these things to the extent that we were fighting and struggling with the serpents for fully
two hours of the night.
After the serpents had drunk the water they went away, and harmed us no more. When it was the
third hour of the night, and we wanted to rest, there came serpents still more marvellous and more
fearsome than the others. They had two heads, and some even had three. They were of a
fantastic size, as big as columns, and some even bigger and mightier, and these serpents came
down from the neighbouring hills and caves to drink the water there. The serpents came and
slithered in an extraordinary fashion, with their bellies turned up and travelling on their backs, and
as they advanced they ripped and tore the ground with their scales as well as their mouths. These
serpents had three-pronged tongues, and when they breathed their breath came from their mouths
like a burning torch. The breath and exhalation of the serpents was very deadly and poisonous,
and many men died because of their pestilential breath. We fought against these serpents for more
than an hour of the night, and the serpents killed thirty men from the army, and twenty of my own
Then I commanded the army nonetheless to maintain good spirits in the face those things that
afflicted us in the shape of so many difficulties and hardships. Then it was the fifth hour of the
night, and we intended to get some rest, but there came white lions in the shape and size of bulls,
and they all approached roaring mightily. When the lions came closer they immediately attacked
us, and we defended ourselves against them as well as we could, but there had been such difficulty
and hardship from beasts in that dark and shadowy night. There also came boars of an immeasurable size, and many other wild animals and also tigers kept us busy during the night. There also
came bats in the shape and size of doves, and they scratched our faces and pulled at us. The hats
had teeth like those of humans, and wounded and tore the men with them.
In addition to the other trials and difficulties which afflicted us there came suddenly one very huge
beast bigger than the others. That beast had three horns on the front of its head and was fiercely
armed with those horns. The Indians call the beast Dentestyrannus [rhinoceros]. The beast had a
head like a horse, and was black in colour. Once this beast had drunk the water, it saw our camp-site, and immediately attacked us and our campsite. It was not put off by the burning of the hot
fire and flame that was in its path, but it went and trod on everything. After I had rallied the force
of the Greek army, and we tried to protect ourselves, it promptly slew twenty-six of my thegns in
a single charge and trampled fifty-two, rendering them cripples who could be of no further use to
me. And we determinedly shot at it with arrows and also with long-shafted spears until we slew
and killed it.
When it was just before dawn there appeared a pestilential vapour of a white hue, which was also
variously tinged with billowing swirls, and many men perished because of the pestilential stench
which arose from the pestilential vapour. Then there also came against the army Indian mice the
size and shape of foxes, which bit and wounded our four-footed animals; and many of them died
from their wounds. Each of the men escaped, although they were all wounded. When it was just
before daybreak there appeared birds, called night-ravens, looking like falcons, birds which were
brown in colour, but with beaks and claws completely black. These birds sat about round the
whole edge of the lake, and caused no harm or ill to any of us, but with their claws they snatched
up and ripped to pieces their usual fish which were in the lake. We did not put the birds to flight
nor harm them, but they soon departed of their own accord.
When it was daylight next morning I ordered all my guides who had led me into such hardships to
be tied up and their bones and legs broken, so that they might be devoured that night by the
serpents on their way to the water. And I also ordered that their hands be cut off, so that they
might experience torment through those that wrought the torment into which they had knowingly
led and brought us.
Then I ordered my trumpets to be sounded, and the army to set forth on the journey which we
had started. We passed through inaccessible and impassable territory. There was soon once more
gathered against us a great army of Indians and other strangers who inhabited that land, and we
fought against them. We then further realised that more battles and more struggles lay ahead.
Then we abandoned the dangerous routes and paths, and proceeded on the better ones. And so
with my troop we came safely into the land of Patriacen, greatly enriched with gold and other
wealth, and they received us there in a friendly and generous fashion. When we left the land of
Patriacen, we came to the frontiers of the Medes and Persians, and there we fought once again a
further great battle. And I camped there with my army for twenty days.
Afterwards we journeyed for a period of seven nights, until we came to the land and the place
where Porus the king was encamped with his army. And he trusted more in the security of the
terrain than in his own martial prowess. Then he wanted to know more about me and my thegns,
so that he asked and inquired from people coming from my camp, and I was told that he wanted
to know more about me and my troop. Then I laid aside my royal attire, and dressed myself in
unfamiliar garb and lowly clothes, as if I were an ordinary man in need of food and wine. When I
was in Porus's camp, as I have already said, as soon as he learnt that I was there, and he was told
that someone had come from Alexander's war-camp, he had me brought to him immediately.
When I was brought to him he asked me and inquired what King Alexander was doing, and what
sort of man he was, and of what age. I deceived him with my answers, telling him that he was
extremely old, so old that he could not keep himself warm except at the fire and coals. He was at
once very glad, rejoicing at these words and answers of mine, since I told him that he was such an
extremely old man. And then he said 'So how can he have any success in battle against me, when
he is such an extremely old man and I myself am young and fit?' Then he asked me more keenly
about his affairs, and I said I did not know many of his affairs, and only saw the king seldom,
since I was his thegn's man, and his cattle-herd, and his retainer. When he heard these words, he
gave me a document and a letter, and told me to give it to King Alexander, and also promised me
a reward if I would give it him, and I said that I would do as he asked. So I left there, and came
back to my war-camp, and both before I read the document and also afterwards I was greatly
rocked with mirth. I am telling you these things to you, teacher, and to Olympias my mother and
my sisters, so that you can hear and understand the overweening brashness of the foreign king.
I had spied out the king's camp and the protective surroundings into which he had gone with his
army. Early the next morning King Porus came into my hands with all his army and personal
retinue, when he realised that he could not fight against me. And after the hostility that had been
between us, he became a friend to me and to all the Greek army, and my companion, and ally.
And I gave him back his kingdom, and in return for the unexpected favour of the kingdom, since
he did not expect any kingdom, he showed me his entire store of treasure, and he endowed both
me and all my troop with gold. And he had cast and wrought in gold statues of the two gods
Hercules and Bacchus, and set them both up on the eastern edge of the world. Then I wanted to
know if the statues were entirely cast as he described. So I ordered holes to be drilled into them,
and they were made of solid gold, and then I ordered the holes which had been drilled to be filled
up and replaced with gold, and decreed sacrifices to be offered to both gods.
Then we went forth and wished to see and witness more marvellous and noteworthy things. But
as we travelled we saw nothing but desolate expanses and woods and hills by the ocean, which
were impassable for men because of wild beasts and serpents. Yet I still travelled along the sea,
because I wanted to know if I could go right round the earth, which the ocean surrounds. But the
inhabitants told me that the sea and all the ocean was too dark for any man to travel it by ship.
And then I wished to make a trip through the left-hand region of India, in case anything in that
land had been hidden or concealed from me.
Then all the land through which we passed was dried up and marshy, and canes and reeds grew
there. Then there came suddenly out of the fen and fastness a beast, and the beast's back was all
studded with pegs like a snood, and the beast had a round head like the moon, and the beast was
called Quasi caput luna ['moon-head', crocodile], and it had a breast like a sea-monster's breast
and it was armed and toothed with hard and large teeth. And that beast slew two of my thegns.
And we were unable to wound that beast with spears in anyway, nor with any kind of weapon, but
with difficulty we beat it and subdued it with iron mallets and sledge-hammers.
Then we came to the woods of India, and to the furthermost edge of that country, and I ordered
the army to camp there by a river which is called Beswicmon. The camp was fifty furlongs in
length and also in breadth. We wanted to sit down to eat, since it was then the eleventh hour of
the day, when the order was suddenly given that we should get on and take up our weapons, for
there was a great need for us to defend ourselves. We did so, and grabbed our weapons as we
had been ordered. Then there came out of the woods a great multitude of elephants, an immense
herd of the beasts; they came to attack our camp. Then I ordered the horses to be made ready at
once, and the cavalry to mount up; I ordered them to round up a big herd of pigs and drive them
on horseback against the elephants, because I knew that pigs were loathsome to those beasts, and
their grunting might frighten them. And as soon as the elephants saw the pigs they were afraid,
and immediately went into the woods. And we passed the night safely in that camp, and I had
securely protected it so that no beast nor any other hardship could harm us.
When it was morning, we went into another area of India, and came into a great plain. There we
saw shaggy women, and men who were as shaggy and hairy as beasts. They were nine feet tall,
and naked, not bothering about any clothing. The Indians call these people Ictifafonas, and they
snatch up whales from the neighbouring rivers and lakes, and eat them and live on them, and drink
the water afterwards. When I wanted to take a closer look and observe these men, they
immediately fled into the water and hid themselves in stony hollows.
After that we saw amongst the wooded groves and trees a great multitude of Cynocephali who
came because they wished to wound us, and we shot them with arrows, and they soon fled away
and went back into the woods. Then we went into the Indian desert, and we saw nothing
marvellous or extraordinary there.
And we returned back to the land of Fasiacen from whence we came, and camped there by some
nearby water, and set up all our tents in the evening, and there were also a great many fires lit.
Then there came suddenly a very mighty wind and bluster, and the wind grew so fierce that it
blew down many of our tents, and also greatly distressed our four-footed animals. Then I ordered
all the tents and baggage to be gathered together again, and because of the wind the baggage and
camp-belongings were with difficulty gathered together. And then we camped in a milder and
warmer valley. When we had camped, and all our belongings were ready, I ordered the whole
army that they should sit down and partake of their food, and they did so. When it approached
evening, the winds began to swell again, and the weather grew rough, and a hard frost developed
in the evening. Then there came much snow, and it snowed as much as if a huge fleece had fallen.
When I saw the extent and depth of the snow, it seemed to me that I knew the whole camp would
be engulfed. Then I ordered the army to tread the snow down with their feet, and almost all the
fires were quenched and put out by the weight of snow. Yet one thing offered us relief, that the
snow lasted no longer than an hour. Immediately after that the sky grew very black and dark, and
from the dark sky there came burning fire. The fire fell to the earth like a burning torch, and the
whole plain was burning from the fire's flame. Then men said that they thought it was the anger
of the gods which had fallen upon us. Then I ordered old clothing to be torn up and used as a
protection against the fire. After that we had a quiet and peaceful night, once our difficulties
And then we took our meal and rested without trouble, and I buried there the five hundred of my
thegns who had perished and were dead as a result of the snow and fire and other difficulties that
had befallen our camp. And then I ordered the army to set forth from the camp, and we set forth
along the sea, and we saw the high promontories and valley and ocean of Ethiopia. And we also
saw the high and famous mountain which is called Enesios, and the cave of the god Bacchus.
Then I ordered condemned men to be pushed in because I wanted to know whether the tradition
was true that I had been told, that no one could enter and emerge afterwards unscathed unless he
entered the cave with offerings. And that was afterwards made clear by the meets death, for they
perished on the third day after they had entered the cave. And I humbly and eagerly asked the
gods that they honour me with splendid victories as the king and lord of the entire world, and that
I be led back to Olympias my mother and to my sisters and family.
Then I intended to go back to the land of Fasiacen, but as I travelled with my army, there came
two old men to meet us on the way. Then I asked them and inquired whether they knew of any
noteworthy thing in that land. Then they answered me and said that there was, and could be
reached in no more than ten days. But I could not travel there along with all my army, because of
the narrowness of the way, but I could travel with four thousand men, and see something
extraordinary. Then I was very pleased and delighted by their words. I addressed them again and
spoke kind words to them: 'Tell me, indeed, you old pair, what it is of note and importance that
you promise me that I can see there?'Then one of them answered me and said 'King, you will see,
if you get there, the trees of the Sun and Moon speaking in Indian and Greek. The tree of the Sun
is male, and the tree of the Moon is female, and they say to the people who ask what good or ill
shall befall them'.
Then I did not believe them, but thought that they spoke to me in ridicule and mockery. And I
said to my companions: 'My might extends from the East of the world to the West, and these aged
foreigners are now mocking me'. I intended to have them punished, but they swore fervently that
they spoke the truth and were not lying about those things. Then I wanted to find out whether
they were telling me the truth, and my companions asked that they should not be deprived of such
an honour, and that we should go and find out if it were so, since it was not a long journey. I took
three thousand with me, and let the rest of the army remain in Fasiacen under King Porus and my
companions. Then we set out and the guides led us through a place bereft of water and through
lands unbearable with wild beasts and serpents called by marvellous Indian names.
When we approached the land we saw both women and men dressed in the skins of panthers and
the hides of the beasts called tigers, and wearing nothing else. When I asked them and inquired
what kind of people they were they answered me and said that they were Indians. The place was
spacious and pleasant, and balsam and incense were there in abundance, and welled out from the
boughs of the trees, and the people of that land ate them and lived thereby. Then we took a
closer look at that place, and went through the groves, and I was amazed at the loveliness and
beauty of the land.
Then the bishop of the place came to meet us. The bishop was ten feet tall and his entire body
was black, except his teeth were white. And his ears were pierced through, and ear-rings hung
down made of many kinds of jewels, and he was dressed in the skins of wild-animals. When the
bishop approached me, he greeted me immediately, and welcomed me according to the custom of
that people. He asked me why I had come, and what I wanted. I answered that I wished to see
the sacred trees of the Sun and Moon. Then he answered: 'If your companions are pure of the
touch of women, they can enter the holy grove'. There were three hundred of my companions
with me. Then the bishop ordered my companions that they take off their shoes and all their
clothing. And I ordered them to do as he asked us. It was then the eleventh hour of the day.
Then the priest waited for the setting of the sun, for the tree of the Sun gave its answer at the
rising and setting of the Sun, and the tree of the Moon did so likewise at night.
Then I began to take a closer look at the place, and to pass through the groves and trees. I saw
plenty of balsam of the finest perfume welling out from the trees. My companions and I gathered
the balsam from the bark of the trees. The holy trees of the Sun and the Moon were in the midst
of the other trees; they might have been a hundred feet tall, and there were other trees of a
remarkable height which the Indians call Bebronas. I was amazed at the height of the trees, and
said that I supposed that they grew so high on account of much moisture and rainfall. Then the
bishop said that no drop of rain ever came in that land, nor bird, nor wild beast, nor did any
poisonous serpent dare to seek out the holy precincts of the Sun and the Moon. The bishop also
said that during an eclipse, that is a waning of the Sun or Moon, the holy trees wept greatly, and
were stirred with great sorrow, for they feared that their divine power would be taken. Then I
thought that I would make a sacrifice, but the bishop forbade me, and said that it was not
permitted to any man to kill any animal there or cause bloodshed, but he ordered me pray at the
foot of the trees, that the Sun and Moon would give a truthful answer to those things I should ask
after this was done. Then we saw the Sun's ray set, and the ray touched the tops of the trees.
Then the priest said: 'Look up, all of you, and think secretly in your heart what you want to know,
and let no one openly reveal his thought in words'.
As we stood very close to the grove and the oracles, I thought in my heart whether I would be
able to force the whole world under my power, and then, honoured by those victories, be able to
return to Macedonia, to Olympias my mother, and to my sisters. Then the tree answered me in
Indian words and said: Alexander, unconquered in battle, you shall become king and lord of all
the world, but you shall never return to your homeland whence you came, since your fate has so
decided it on your head, and so decreed it'. Since I could not understand the language of the
Indian words the tree spoke to me, the bishop translated it and told me. When my companions
heard that I would not return to my homeland alive, they were greatly sad because of it. Then I
wished to ask more that evening, but the moon was not yet up. When we returned to the holy
grove, and stood beside the trees, we immediately prayed to the trees as we had done before.
And I took with me my three most trusted friends, who were especially loyal; first Perticas, and
Clitomus, and Pilotas, for I had no fear that any of these would betray me, and because it was not
right to kill anyone there on account of the reverence due to the place.
Then I thought in my heart and in my thoughts in which place I should die. When the Moon first
rose it touched with its beam the tops of the trees, and the tree answered my thought and said:
'Alexander, you have lived the full course of your life, and in the next year you shall die in
Babylon, in the month of May, from a source by which you least expect to be betrayed'. Then I
was extremely sick at heart, as were my friends that were with me. And they wept greatly, since
my safety was dearer to them than their own health. Then we went back to our companions, and
they wanted to sit down to eat, but because of the cares of my heart I wanted to rest. But my
companions asked me in such distress and anxiety of heart not to vex myself with fasting. I ate
very little food, against my heart's will, and then went early to bed, since I wanted to be ready to
go in again at sunrise.
In the morning, when day came, I awoke and woke up my truest friends, since I wanted to enter
the holy place. But the bishop was still resting, wrapped and covered with the skins of wild
animals. And the people of that place are poor in iron and lead, but rich in gold. And the people
of that place live on balsam, and from a neighbouring mountain there wells up clear and beautiful
water, of great sweetness. The people drink it and live thereby. And when they rest, they rest
without any bed or bolster, but the skins of wild beasts are their bedding. Then I woke the
bishop. The bishop was three hundred years old.
When the bishop arose, I went into the holy place and for the third time I began to ask the tree of
the Sun through which malls hand my end was decreed, and what kind of death my mother or my
sisters could now expect. Then the tree answered me in Greek and said: 'If I tell you about your
life you will easily turn aside your fate and stay its hand. But it is true what I tell you; in the space
of one year and eight months you will die in Babylon, killed not, as you expect, with iron, but with
poison. Your mother will leave the world by a shameful and lowly death, and she will lie unburied
in the street as food for birds and wild beasts. Your sisters will have long and happy lives. And
as for you, though you live but a short time you shall be sole king and lord of the whole world.
But do not question or ask the pair of us any more, for we have spoken beyond the limit of our
light, but turn back to Fasiacen and King Porus'. And because of that my companions wept,
because I had so little time to live. But the bishop forbade them to weep, in case the holy trees
should be angered by their weeping and tears.
And no one else heard the answers of the holy trees except my most trusted friends, and no one
was allowed to make it known, in case the foreign kings that I had forcibly brought under my
command should be glad that I had so little time to live. Nor was anyone allowed to reveal it
further to the army, in case they became dispirited, and more indolent concerning my will and my
honour, for which they had to carry me to success. And to me the swift ending of my life was not
so much pain as the fact that I had achieved less glory than I would have wished. I write these
things to you, my beloved teacher, that you first can rejoice in the success of my life, and exult in
the honours. And also my memory shall forever stand and tower as an example for other earthly
kings, so that they know the more readily that my power and my honour were greater than those
of all the other kings who have ever lived in the world. Finit.
This translation is taken from Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf Manuscript, by Andy Orchard. It is used without permission, but with awe and admiration. No profit comes from it. Those who like the subject matter, go to Amazon and buy the book!
Return to Table of Contents
Posted August 18th 2003


text:
Friends of Mechanics Hall offer thanks
On behalf of the Friends of Mechanics Hall, I wish to thank everyone who attended or wished they could have attended our most recent event at Sonoma Restaurant. Whether by your good wishes, your offers to help or your ideas or your donations, your outpouring of generosity and support was noted and appreciated.
The Friends want to especially thank Ken Seims for his moving remarks in which he crystallized and presented with flair the state of the building, the goals the Friends aim to accomplish, the steps already taken and those necessary to achieve those goals. We also wish to thank Sheriff Lew Evangelidis for his inspiring words about Mechanics Hall and its relevance to community. In addition, we acknowledge State Representative Kim Ferguson for her long-distance encouragement and well-wishes. A very special thank you goes to Bill and Kim Brady of Sonoma who served a delicious array of hors d'oeuvres, extended their hospitality beyond measure and are now our second official sponsor. Throughout the course of planning this celebration, Barre Savings Bank signed on as our first official sponsor and for that we are very grateful. A heartfelt thank you goes to each member of the Princeton Select Board, without whose help and support, none of the efforts to save Mechanics Hall would be possible.
In the same spirit celebrated around the Thanksgiving table, the Friends of Mechanics Hall are extraordinarily grateful for the overwhelming bounty of goodness given to us by the community. We humbly thank you. For more about us, visit mechanicshall.net.
Faith Pistrang, vice president
Friends of Mechanics Hall

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|IMDb Rating:
7.5/10 (1,017 votes) Reviews »
|Series Rating:
8.3/10 (242 votes) Reviews »
|TV Series 2006. Food Network's Guy Fieri, rolls out to visit America's favorite diners, drive-ins and dives, interviewing the owners of the food establishments and samples the items on their menus. Full summary »
|Guy Fieri, Full cast »
|Release Date:
|Monday, November 11, 2013
|30 minutes
|TV » Diners, Drive-ins and Dives
Added 3 years ago - 1,791 views
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text:
A Bachelor's degree is a degree awarded by universities and colleges. In order to earn a bachelor's degree, you must complete the necessary courses that may last three to seven years depending on your institution of enrollment.
Graduates of a Bachelor's degree in Biology will be knowledgeable in diverse areas related to biological sciences. These areas range from genetics and evolution, to ecology or cellular biology. The degree is then involved with the theory and practice of animal and plant biology, by observation and analysis of biological systems.
The USA remains the world's most popular destination for international students. Universities in the US dominate the world rankings and the country also offers a wide variety of exciting study locations. State university systems are partially subsidized by state governments, and may have many campuses spread around the state, with hundreds of thousands of students.
Request Information Bachelor Degrees in Biology in Orangeburg in USA 2017
The Bachelor of Science with a Major in Biology and Minor in Chemistry is designed to prepare students to enter health care fields and/or to earn advanced degree for pursuit of these careers. [+]


text:
DistributionRead full entry
Range DescriptionThis species of cone snail is endemic to the waters off Somalia from Berbera in the Gulf of Aden to Hobyo in the Arabian Sea (Rckel et al.1995), a coastal distance of approx 2,300 km. There are no bathymetric data for this species, but it is known to occur in deep water (Rckel et al.1995) to 100 - 120 m (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011).


text:
Joined: 19 July 2005
Posts: 22617
Hi CVs,
We ArVians are tired of playing the waiting game and seeing all that brilliant Arjun-Purvi chemistry go to waste. We want to see ArVi together, not putting in separate appearances and cameos. You cannot be wasting the acting brilliance of Rithvik and Asha with continuously poor tracks. Our patience is running thin since past 5 months and yet we watch for ArVi, to see them reunited in the show.
ArVi magic cannot be matched - whether it's their emotional scenes, their romance or their conversations.
Here's a little example to jog your memory -
Something as simple as having tea is charming to watch when Arjun and Purvi are doing so (be it by the roadside or in the chawl). ArVi have a natural appeal - they keep each other happy, they understand each other, they feel the other's pain and they express themselves freely only in front of each other.
No marriage based on compromise/ misunderstanding/ mistrust will keep them happy or content. It will keep them miserable, whether they admit it to anyone else or not. And when they are not happy in these marriages, their respective spouses will not be happy either.
So please CVs, quit playing games and instead of just giving us flashbacks, give us ArVi in real time. We want to see ArVi getting back on track, reunited, married to each other.
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Government goes to those who show up. FreedomWorks makes it easy to hold your elected officials accountable in our fully interactive Action Center.
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*That all Men are born equally free and independent, and have certain inherent natural Right…; among which are the Enjoyment of Life and Liberty, with the Means of acquiring and possessing Property, and pursuing and obtaining Happiness and Safety. *—George Mason and the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)
Oklahoma's Attorney General Scott Pruitt is a strong conservative who will fight to repeal the EPA's disastrous regulations.
IRS Commissioner John Koskinen has ushered in an era of deception and lawlessness.
Tell Republicans to end the special ObamaCare exemptions for Congress!
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text:
A curvaceous hourglass shaped custom pen that will make your logo pop with the color accents.
This promotional plastic bag is ideal for an unlimited range of industries.
ePromos is your best source for promotional products on the internet. We have one of the largest selections of promo items online - with over 15,000 products that can be custom imprinted with your company's logo by our Promotional Specialists. As one of the oldest and most experienced companies on the web, we'll wow you with our "Promo-Know-How"!


text:
Bernie Sanders Gains Huge Momentum After Michigan Primary Win
Entertainment| |
The late and great Yogi Berra said it best: "It ain't over till it's over."
In a stunning upset, Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont defeated Hillary Clinton in the Michigan primary late Tuesday night, thwarting Clinton's plans to quickly wrap up the Democratic nomination.
According to the Associated Press, Sanders won the primary by gaining 50 percent of the votes to Clinton's 48 pecent.
Very few analysts expected Sanders to win Michigan. In fact, the last RealClearPolitics poll before the primary had Clinton winning by a large margin (59 percent to 37 percent).
Clinton won the Mississippi primaries with 86 percent support of African-American voters, but won less than two-thirds of the African-American votes in Michigan. Sanders was also propelled by a huge majority of young voters getting to the polls
With Sanders winning the state, plans of Clinton quickly wrapping up the Democratic nomination have been thwarted. Although she has a comfortable lead in the delegate count, Sanders is fast gaining steam. Currently, Sanders trails Clinton by two points in the Wisconsin primary, which will be held on April 5th. The Wisconsin primary is crucial to both candidates with 96 delegates on the line.
Sanders also has a 30-point lead in the West Virginia primary, which will be held on May 10th. 100 delegates will be on the line and could make or break Clinton's run toward the nomination.
Both candidates will participate in the Univision Democratic debate, which will take place Wednesday in Miami, Florida, at 9 p.m ET.


text:
Battery Park City apartments have great views but look like they were all part of one centrally planned development, because in large part they were.
Battery Park is located at the southern tip of Manhattan on the west side. It's a planned community built upon the dirt and rock excavated during the construction of the World Trade Center. The neighborhood gets its name because of its proximity to a park by the same name, an area that once housed Dutch artillery used to protect Manhattan. (SAT Quiz: Battery = a fortified emplacement for heavy guns.)
The neighborhood consists of more than twenty luxury apartment buildings, ranging from twenty to forty-five stories and almost all done in identical brick. The buildings tend to have large windows with amazing views over the harbor, the Statue of Liberty and the rest of downtown Manhattan.
The luxury buildings have multiple benefits- elevators, laundry, doormen, and the most coveted asset in New York apartments: space. Some additionally have gyms and roof decks, where residents lay out and soak in the views in the summer months. While it's a bit removed from the rest of Manhattan, the buildings make up for it by having their own in-house dry cleaners and small food shops.
Apartments in the neighborhood are great for families that want a bit more space, for people working in the financial district, and for people who really put a premium on views. (Because it is surrounded by water on three sides, many apartments in the neighborhood have awesome views of the Hudson River, New York Harbor, the Statue of Liberty and Jersey City.) It has a much more residential feeling than the financial district, which is why it is an ideal spot to raise a family and still be close to work for Wall Street's titans.
One of Battery Park's highlights is its proximity to the water; beautifully landscaped grounds run all the way up the West Side. The West Side bike path also originates in Battery Park City, making it easy for commuters to get to work on their bicycles. Though Battery Park may not be hopping at night, there are a few hidden gems there. For delicious aperitifs and live jazz, check out The Silver Lining, an underground den with a baby grand and excellent mixology. In nearby Tribeca, try the legendary Japanese restaurant Nobu, where among your miso cod and tuna rolls, you might catch a glimpse of a Hollywood celeb.
Be forewarned though...the subway can be a hike. To get to the subway, many people utilize the several walking bridges that extend over the West Side Highway into the Financial District.
|Building Address
|# no-fee apts
|200 North End Avenue
|41 River Terrace
|211 North End Avenue
|99 Battery Place
|20 River Terrace


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Sky Guns For Netflix And Apple TV With Sky Q
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BBC To Launch US Streaming Service
Around the Net In MAD London, Sean Hargrave - Friday, September 18, 2015
The BBC will launch a new online streaming service in America as ...
Apple TV Takes On Netflix With Updated Streaming Service
Around the Net In MAD London, Sean Hargrave - Wednesday, September 2, 2015
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Netflix To Focus On Own Dramas, Not Movie Deals
Around the Net In MAD London, Sean Hargrave - Tuesday, September 1, 2015
Netflix is to lose some of the biggest films in its catalogue, ...
Sky Hails Sky Now Service For 'Outstanding Growth'
Around the Net In MAD London, Sean Hargrave - Wednesday, July 29, 2015
Sky has hailed "an outstanding period of growth" as it reported full-year ...
Global IPTV Forecast To Hit $79 Billion By 2020
MediaDailyNews, Wayne Friedman - Tuesday, July 21, 2015
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Ofcom Rejects BT Plea For Full Review Of Pay TV Market
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London Blog, Sean Hargrave - Wednesday, November 12, 2014
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TV Anywhere...But The Desktop
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Ofcom Says Online TV 'Gaining Traction'
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Broadcast TV advertising revenue returned to growth in 2013 with a rise ...
IPTV Soars Globally, New Subscriptions Hit 100M
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Worldwide Pay TV Hits $221B In 2013
MediaDailyNews, Wayne Friedman - Wednesday, May 21, 2014
The worldwide pay TV market continues to enjoy significant revenue, but future ...
Fired Up: Google To Launch 'Android TV' Set-Top Box
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Days after Amazon's Fire TV launch, leaked documents show what Google's "Android ...
Fire TV Smashes The Ball Into Apple's Court
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Amazon's Fire TV is formidable competition for an Apple TV that looks ...
Global Pay TV Expected To Hit $1.1B In 2019
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Global pay TV subscribers will grow 20% over the next five years ...
FilmOn X Goes On Offensive, Sues PBS Affiliate In Illinois
Online Media Daily, Wendy Davis - Monday, November 25, 2013
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Sports Leagues Side With Broadcasters In Aereo Battle
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The NFL and MLB are asking the Supreme Court to hear TV ...
Xbox One Taps Data From Rovi, Bing, Facial Recognition
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Microsoft's Xbox One launch next week will roll out in more than ...
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By Sappora
Methodical is in search of dedicated players that are looking to push content in a semi-hardcore environment. All of our raiders try to be on a first-name basis with each other. Our raids are very fun when it comes to farm and carries, however, we do clean up when it's time for progression. When it comes to raiding we do provide benefits, paid for by selling carries.
All-in-all we are looking for players willing to: consistently improve their performance, take responsibility, and synergize with a group of players. If this interests you, all of our info is below.
Guild: Methodical
Creation: 2013
Server: Bleeding Hollow
Faction: Horde
VoIP: Discord
Raid Progression: See Progression Above.
Raid Dates: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday.
Raid Times: 9:30P-12:30A EST (Be online by 9:15P)
Spirit Cauldrons
Potion Program
Extensive Raid Repairs
Those that are low we are not in need of but will trial, those medium and high are in need!
deathknight (dd) low demon (hunter) low druid (balance) high druid (feral-dd) low hunter medium mage medium monk (healer) medium monk (dd) low paladin (retribution) low priest (dd) high rogue medium shaman (restoration) high warlock high
If interested please contact one of the players listed below we can give information about: Bleeding Hollow, Methodical, and our raids.
Contact Info:
Merkshow#1993 (GM)
Sappora#1724 (Recruitment)
Headbandit64#1668 (Raid Leader)
Franny#1457 (Officer)
Borlax#1380 (Officer)
By Stan
World Quests have had their rewards updated, demons are invading various parts of the Broken Shore and reputations with Legion factions beyond Exalted yield additional rewards.
World Quests
Had their rewards bumped up to item level 860+.
Demon Assaults
On PTRs, zones are periodically under attack and they switch every 3 hours, but it may be only to speed up testing. Once you zone in, you'll auto-accept the following quests if the zone you enter is under attack, for example Assault on Val'sharah. You have to complete 6 invasions in that area. Assaults are basically the same as World Quests. When a zone is invaded, no World Quests are available.
An invasion is indicated by a big logo on the world map.
Invasion quests also have different icons than regular World Quests.
Demons are all over the place. You will be closing portals, killing various enemies including commanders.
Flight Master Mount Change
The flying mount used for transport across the Broken Shore has changed.
Reputation Paragon
If you've reached Exalted with Legion factions, every 20,000 additional reputation you'll get will award additional caches. We don't know if the caches have an increased chance to give you a Legendary or notable item upgrades, but let's hope the rewards are better, because you don't collect 20,000 reputation in the blink of an eye and getting an item level 835 that ends as a Chaos Crystal is all but rewarding. It's also worth noting that saving all reputation items for 7.2 isn't a bad idea as they will come in handy. Obtaining 10 caches rewards the Paragon of the Broken Isles achievement.
Dreamweaver Cache Farondis Chest Highmountain Supplies Nightfallen Cache Valarjar Strongbox Warden's Supply Kit
Image is a courtesy of redditor cardiganz.
By Stan
The first micro-holiday, Call of the Scarab, brings with it a gold-making opportunity. Selling meat can be profitable.
Warlord Gorchuk and Master Sergeant Fizzlebolt are Meat vendors and you can find them near the Scarab Gong in Silithus for the duration of the event. They allow the turn-in of 20 pieces of various meat for 20 Alliance Qiraji Commendations // 20 Horde Qiraji Commendations per turn-in for your faction.
The following meat can be farmed and resold on the Auction House.
Chilled Meat Crocolisk Tail Crunchy Spider Leg Lean Shank Raw Clefthoof Meat Raw Tiger Steak Sandworm Meat
By Stan
Pet Battle Dungeons are here. So far, only Wailing Caverns are available for testing. It's a scenario with 7 stages and increasing difficulty, where you fight your way up to get an Ultimate Battle-Training Stone and eventually, Damp Pet Supplies.
Pet Battle Dungeons
If you have at least one level 25 pet, go to Dalaran and talk to Serr'ah. She will offer a quest called A Call from the Caverns. Teleport to Orgrimmar and go to Crossroads. There you'll have to find Muyani. She offers another quest Wailing Critters, which rewards Ultimate Battle-Training Stone. Talk to her again and you will enter a scenario (Scenario: Wailing Critters) with 7 stages. Wailing Caverns is the only pet battle dungeon that's currently available and it functions like a scenario. You will be fighting pets and the difficulty increases as you progress through stages. You are able to Revive Battle Pets inside dungeons. When you complete the quest and turn it in, you will be offered another weekly quest, but this time, you won't be able to revive or heal your pets - Pet Battle Challenge: Wailing Caverns. When complete, you'll get Damp Pet Supplies. The bag contains some of the recently added pets. New Pets
A list of new pets that have been added in 7.2 can be found here. Pet Battle Dungeons Screenshots
By Stan
Patch 7.2 adds a new dungeon called Cathedral of Eternal Night. Drops from existing dungeons had an item level bump, Karazhan has been split into two and Vantus Runes are coming for Mythic+ dungeons.
Dungeon Changes
Health of enemies inside dungeons has been increased. To compensate, the item level of items that drop inside dungeons has been increased. Normal difficulty - item level 825+ Heroic difficulty - item level 845+ Mythic difficulty - item level 865+ The changes are really good as dungeons will stay relevant throughout the expansion. In previous expansions, dungeons were only used for initial gearing and for the daily dungeon bonus. Karazhan has been split into Lower / Upper Karazhan and can be now accessed via Dungeon Finder. Mythic+ Dungeons
Are receiving Vantus Runes in 7.2. You can use one per dungeon / week.
Vantus Rune: Black Rook Hold Vantus Rune: Cathedral of Eternal Night Vantus Rune: Court of Stars Vantus Rune: Darkheart Thicket Vantus Rune: Eye of Azshara Vantus Rune: Halls of Valor Vantus Rune: Maw of Souls Vantus Rune: Neltharion's Lair Vantus Rune: Return to Karazhan (Lower) Vantus Rune: Return to Karazhan (Upper) Vantus Rune: Vault of the Wardens Vantus Rune: Violet Hold Vantus Rune: The Arcway Tomb of Sargeras Vantus Runes
Vantus Rune: Demonic Inquisition Vantus Rune: Fallen Avatar Vantus Rune: Fel Titan Vantus Rune: Goroth Vantus Rune: Harjatan the Bludger Vantus Rune: Kil'jaeden Vantus Rune: Mistress Sassz'ine Vantus Rune: Sisters of the Moon Vantus Rune: The Desolate Host Vantus Rune: Tomb of Sargeras What do you think about Vantus Runes being added to Mythic+ dungeons?


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New Delhi, Sept 30
Unlike other banks, the State Bank of India (SBI) is expanding its ATM network in non-metro and semi-urban centers, faster than expansion in the metros, an ASSOCHAM analysis of the banking data showed.
The Punjab National Bank is the other bank which has larger number of automatic teller machines (ATMs) in the non-metro cities than in the metros, as per the latest RBI data compiled by ASSOCHAM.
While the SBI has 5783 ATMs in metro cities, the cash dispensing machines in urban centres other than metro cities are 7511 and 6419 in semi-urban areas. Even in the rural areas, the bank has established 2756 ATMs.
Overall, the private sector banks, led by Axis Bank have gone about expanding their network through ATMs in a much more aggressive way than their public sector peers. Be it, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank or HDFC their bias and preference for ATMs is for the metro cities, followed by tier two cities.
Among the private sector banks, Axis Bank has the largest ATM network in July, 2012, followed by HDFC Bank with 9709 such machines and ICICI Bank – 9366 ATMs.
Excepting the SBI, the other banks have to go a long way before achieving the financial inclusion in the semi-urban and rural areas.
"The Finance Ministry is rightly very keen of achieving the financial inclusion of a large number of people in rural areas. This can best be achieved by leveraging of technology and use mobile telephony and ATMs," ASSOCHAM Secretary General D S Rawat said.
"Somehow, the public sector banks will have to take a lead in these areas. Even their brick and mortar branch network is wider in the rural and semi-urban areas than the private sector banks," he said. He said while a good beginning has been made, pooling of technology resources like the ATMs should be encouraged so that optimum use can be made to the advantage of the people.
The ASSOCHAM quoted Union Finance Minister P Chidamabaram who recently noted how even the trade has not been fully brought into the banking network.
"As was pointed out by the Finance Minister, today traders are not able to deposit their cash of sales proceeds at night in any bank. In the process, they have to keep it either in the shop premises or at home taking the risks of theft and other insecurity issues.
"We must have technology-driven day and night banking so that a wider section of the informal economy is brought into the banking network," Rawat said.
While the RBI has been expressing concerns over regulatory issues over the mobile banking, sooner or later different technology platforms have to converge and the regulators need to equip themselves to deal with new challenges and opportunities.
The ASSOCHAM said a large number of Indians still remain outside the banking network. It is because of lack of the organized banking that the gullible people in semi urban and rural areas fall prey to unscrupulous money-lenders.
"The institutions of micro-finance did make a good beginning. However, because of certain corporate governance issues, the entire experiment has become rather overshadowed by controversies. The use of technology to reach out to the bottom of the pyramid promises a lot of scope," the ASSOCHAM Secretary General said.


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79th Texas Legislature, Regular Session, Senate Bill 1823, Chapter 445
Description: Bill introduced by the Texas Senate relating to the creation of the Schertz Municipal Utility District No. 1; providing authority to impose a tax and issue bonds; granting the power of eminent domain.
Date: June 17, 2005
Creator: Texas. Legislature. Senate.
Item Type: Legislative Document
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department


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Beautiful gardens and courtyard. Beds were comfortable. Breakfast buffet was very good. We were 4 guests in a room. We paid the extra rate for the 2 additional guests, however, they did not receive the complimentary breakfast and were charged the regular price for it.
Staff very friendly. Atmosphere was relaxed. Beautiful pool and courtyard. Food at the restaurant was decent. Location to airport great. The power would go off and on sporadically. Gift shop credit card system was down.
The attentive, caring staff was a major asset. The buffet breakfasts are worth the extra cost, tasty local dishes. My only negative comment is the VERY LOUD music from either the poolside bar or the night club. It is rowdy and attracts a lot of people from outside the hotel. Some nights it stops at 10:00 PM but on others it goes to 1:00 AM. Sleep was next to impossible. Of course this milieu would appeal to some travelers.
Staff were nice. The first room we got smelled horrible and it made me throw up. It also had flys. I asked to be changed and luckily they had an "extra" room and hoped that person wouldn't check in. Second room was better. shower looked dirty and bathtub was scraped. I decided to stay closer to the airport a day before flying back home since we were staying in San Pedro. Big mistake as I was so uncomfortable.
The food was good. The level of customer service. The staff were very rude at times and not friendly. The room had a lot of flies and was not well kept.
The rooms and property were great. Really nice spot in a otherwise bad city. The restaurant staff were inattentive and the food was poor. We had trouble finding the waiter but when it came time to tip she hovered over us until we finished....
Location to airport and city; friendly staff; outside ambience - pool, plants. Light bulb out in room and, although I wrote a note asking for it to be replaced and placed the bulb on top of the note, it wasn't replaced during the 3 days I was there. Also, VERY slow tub drain and air-conditioning stuck at one temperature (cold) no matter what temp. it was set for.
The overall appearance of the Hotel was very nice. Could not find a speck of dirt or even a water spot on the tile or the shower. Food was even above average for this type of hotel. The problem started around 10pm, when most guests were turning in for hte night. Loud, booming music began. Called front desk, in which the manager said it was a Halloween Party for the staff and that it would end at midnight. Well midnight came and went, two additional calls to the front desk, just to be told that the Manager was now at the party and it might end a 2am. At 1am i had enough and had to make the front desk move me to another part of the hotel. Once settled in from a 22 hour run without sleep, I started getting calls to my room every hour from someone in the hotel. Had to make the front desk block my from in order to sqweak out 4 hours of sleep. They gave no discounts, just sent me on my way. Came back through the following week, just to hear the same music playing late into the night, thank g...
1. Our room was not available until after 5pm 2. After a week of humanitarian work I was looking forward to a hot, relaxing bath...but there was no tub stopper. Front desk advised none available in the hotel. 3. Decided on a hot shower...no water pressure, just a faint dribble. 4. Turned the shower on and set it at a temp, but would suddenly go from HOT to COLD and would not stay on a stable temp setting 5. When I inquired the next morning about the 100% satisfaction guarantee, the attendant first tried to claim that I hadn't reported the trouble to them, which I had. Then she said it didn't apply in this case...Really??? They when would it apply? What I will say is that the bed was very comfortable - but when you pay for the highest priced room you certainly expect better treatment and room accommodations than what I got.
This is the place I stay when I go to visit my friends, who are like family in Belize...I just wish they would allow my friends to visit with me in my room....that is the ONLY drawback....The staff is exceptional and the accommadations are very nice...bit pricey but that is expected...I have stayed here Numerous times since 2006.
During a recent trip to Belize City I had the pleasure of staying at the Radisson Fort George Hotel. The staff were amazing and extremely helpful and made me feel like I was at home away from home. Despite a small problem with our air conditioning units (which was rectified) the rooms were spacious, clean and comfortable. The hotel amenities were fantastic including the gym and two pool areas. I would definitely recommend this hotel to anyone travelling to Belize City
This hotel was nice for the price. The hotel desk staff were very helpful. The bakery had delicious coffee and pastries which I craved (especially the chocolate croissants!). The stonegrill restaurant was fun and yummy. The pool was nice and clean. The rooms were clean and comfortable. Would recommend and stay here again!
Belize was a great vacation. I definitely recommend the River Cave tubing with a tour guide. The staff in the hotel were extremely helpful and went out of their way to help the guests. The pool was great and the view beautiful. The only drawback is that there is not beach access to layout on or swim in; however, the water taxi to one of the islands is easily accessible. There is not a lot to do near the hotel if a cruise ship is not in that day because most shops do not open unless a ship is in; however, we enjoyed relaxing at the hotel.
I would recommend this hotel because it is clean and secure. There is a great coffee shop on site, also two good restaurants. Staff made us feel welcome. There is a shuttle from there airport which was very helpful.
In Belize city this is the best place to stay. Remember Belize city is not the islands nor is it inland. Stay here to be safe.
My review is colored by the fact that we have stayed at some of the worlds best hotels. While in Belize you have to adjust to the standard set for that area. So if you need to stay at the best property in the area, this is it. The staff makes up to any shortcomings of the property. I would stay here again.
The hotel itself was rather rustic and expensive. #40Although the hotel compound is the only place that I felt safe.#41 The city itself is absolutely down right scary. If you have the brass to walk the streets you notice something immediately. You feel like your walking around with a pork chop tied around your neck and the people would love nothing better but to get you down a back alley to eat you. Of all the places that I have visited in my life time I have found that this country is one to be avoided. I did met some very nice and interesting people while I was there but would never return.
I found the hotel to be relatively clean, and a nice spot in the middle of Belize City, which is not a vacation hotspot. The staff was fabulous, very friendly and helpful, and were patient with all my questions. They arranged for some neat things to do, and I always felt safe there.
We stayed at the Radisson on the night we arrived in Belize City, prior to leaving for Turneffe Island the following day. Our room was in the older part of the hotel but was still nice and clean. We had a good dinner at the Stonegrill Restaurant at the hotel and yummy pastries at the Petit Cafe in the morning. The live music at the Stonegrill by the pool was really impressive and the service was very good overall. Later, at the end of our trip in Belize, our plans didn't work out and we decided to return to the Radisson for our last night in the country. Jesse at the front desk welcomed us back and congratulated us, as we had just gotten married on our trip. We were treated to a room upgrade and champagne, and more of the great service that we received on our first stay. We relaxed by the pool and enjoyed another meal at Stonegrill with more good live music. Free internet access in business center was great for confirming travel plans. Belize City isn't a place most people would want t...
The food was great and plentiful with a wild variety over the week. The cabanas were spacious and very comfortable and well appointed. The staff was always ready to serve and always with a smile. We had a great time. There were plenty of activities if you want to stay busy, but a great place to go if you want to take it easy in a relaxed environment.


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Cost-cutting pressure is putting a squeeze on China's 3 big telcos, creating an unusual set of conditions that could claim smartphone giants Samsung (OTC:SSNLF, Seoul: 005930) and Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) as victims. The latest signs of trouble for the world's 2 largest smartphone makers comes in the form of an article in the English language China Daily newspaper, calling on China's big 3 mobile carriers to stop offering packages with Samsung and Apple smartphones, and instead only offer models from domestic manufacturers like Lenovo (OTCPK:LNVGY, HKEx: 992), ZTE (OTCPK:ZTCOF, HKEx: 763; Shenzhen: 000063) and Huawei. Further evidence of the pressure the telcos are feeling comes in an unrelated report which has the trio denying reports that they're preparing massive layoffs.
The bigger story is that China's 3 telcos are seeing profit growth slow sharply or even contract as their mobile market matures and most of the country's 1.3 billion people now have service. What's more, the trio of China Mobile (CHL, HKEx: 941), China Unicom (CHU, HKEx: 762) and China Telecom (CHA, HKEx: 728) are all spending billions of dollars to build new 4G networks, and millions more to promote 4G services by selling handsets at subsidized prices.
Like many large state-run companies, the 3 telcos all count Beijing as their biggest stakeholder, and thus are somewhat obliged to follow directives from the central government. Most recently, the government has ordered the trio to cut their costs by trimming promotional spending (previous post). That means they'll need to cut back their practice of purchasing bulk volumes of phones from different smartphone makers and then offering those phones for cheap prices to consumers who agree to long-term service plans.
Now it appears the government is guiding the telcos specifically to reduce their buying from foreign smartphone makers, based on signals coming from the state-owned China Daily, which often functions as a government mouthpiece for a foreign audience. A new headline on the front of its business page proclaims "Smartphone subsidy cuts to lift local firms", and goes on to say the telcos should end their practice of subsidizing phones from foreign manufacturers like Apple and Samsung (English article).
The story quotes an analyst with an unnamed telecom research organization in Beijing, which could easily be one of the many quasi-government bodies that advise the government. Such bodies wield huge clout in formation of government policy, and in this case, it's quite easy to see why Beijing might want to force the telcos to give most or all of their subsidy dollars to the domestic manufacturers.
While Apple and Samsung focus on the higher end of the market and are both quite profitable, the same isn't true for the growing number of Chinese firms that have piled into the market over the last 2 years. Most of those, including Lenovo, Huawei and Xiaomi, are squarely focused on the mid- to lower-end of the market, and have been locked in a nonstop stream of price wars that are rapidly eroding their margins.
Against that backdrop, it's not difficult to understand why Beijing might want to use the telcos as a policy tool to support struggling domestic smartphone makers. Many observers might argue such a move represents discrimination against foreign firms, and China has recently been accused of similar discrimination after a series of anti-trust investigations targeting mostly foreign firms (previous post).
I mentioned the denial of plans for massive layoffs by the Chinese telcos at the top of this post, so I'll briefly return to that in closing, which again shows the pressure the carriers are facing to cut costs. Those reports are brief, with the carriers collectively denying any plans to lay off some 300,000 workers (Chinese article). Such cuts do seem unlikely, since Beijing leaders are worried about growing unemployment as China's economy slows. But cutbacks to subsidies for Apple and Samsung phones seem far more possible, and could easily begin later this year.
Bottom line: China's 3 telcos are likely to trim their bulk purchasing of Apple and Samsung smartphones as part of a Beijing campaign for them to cut costs and support domestic manufacturers.
Disclosure: None.
Editor's Note: This article discusses one or more securities that do not trade on a major U.S. exchange. Please be aware of the risks associated with these stocks.


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To make reservations by phone, call 1-800-257-3000 in the USA and Canada (or any of our worldwide reservation telephone numbers).
Here at the TownePlace Suites Bellingham, our goal is to make you feel right at home even when you're on the road. Every extended stay suite features a full kitchen, free Wi-Fi, an ample workspace, and luxury amenities to help you relax after a busy day in Bellingham. Wake up to a delicious free breakfast buffet and unwind with a happy hour cocktail at our Chuckanut Lobby Bar. Our fitness center and indoor pool will help you stay in shape during your visit. Whether you're planning a business conference or a wedding, we offer versatile facilities and an accommodating, friendly staff that will help you turn your dreams into reality. Our hotel is located just two miles from the Bellingham International Airport (BLI), and we provide a complimentary 24-hour shuttle service within a five-mile radius of the hotel. In addition to being near Bellingham Airport, our hotel is just a short drive from both Bellis Fair Mall and picturesque Mt. Baker. Visit us and experience convenient hotel living!
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Women's Metallic Elisabeth Diamond & 14k Yellow Gold Curved Bar Necklace
From the Elisabeth Collection. A design that achieves a striking balance between subtle and statement, of a pendant necklace cast with sharp but slender lines in diamonds and 14k yellow gold. Diamonds, 0.44 tcw. 14k yellow gold. Length, about 28.5". Pendant length, about 2.5". S-hook clasp. Color: metallic


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Bella Hadid Goes Braless in Completely Sheer Top. See the Eye-Popping Pics
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Ellie Goulding Performs A Free Impromptu Show
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This is a recording with no option to be removed from call list. If I press 1 to speak to someone & ask to be removed from their list, they hang up.
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The name Alen is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Alen is: Fair; handsome. Also both a (noble, bright) and an abbreviation of names beginning with Al-.
People with this name have a deep inner desire for a stable, loving family or community, and a need to work with others and to be appreciated.Expression Number: 5
People with this name are excited by change, adventure, and excitement. They are dynamic, visionary and versatile, able to make constructive use of freedom. They fight being restricted by rules and conventions. They tend to be optomistic, energetic, intelligent, and to make friends easily. They may be changeable, restless, untidy, and rebellious.
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