text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1996
|Filing date
|Jun 27, 1994
|Priority date
|Jun 27, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|George E. Lennon, Jerry S. Hall, Kevin R. Merritt, Henry L. King
|Original Assignee
|Sonoco Products Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (28), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (10), Classifications (16), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a continuous paperboard sheet adapted to be slit longitudinally into a plurality of continuous paperboard plies, and to improved paperboard plies for forming single-layer, spirally wound paperboard tubes. The invention also relates to a paperboard manufacturing processes for manufacturing paperboard sheets and plies.
Many disposable sheet goods such as toilet tissue, paper towels, gift wrap, aluminum foil and the like, are sold in the form of a roll supported by a tubular paperboard core. Because of the strength required in the paperboard core during the process of winding the disposable sheet goods onto the core, the core is normally formed of at least two radial layers, which in turn, are formed from separate spirally wound paperboard plies. Each of the spirally wound paperboard plies forms a helical seam extending longitudinally along the paperboard tube resulting from abutment of the longitudinally extending edges of the ply along the length of the tube. During the tube manufacturing process, paperboard plies forming radially adjacent layers are wound onto a mandrel so that their respective seams are displaced longitudinally from each other. In other words, the helical seams of the adjacent layers do not overlap.
The paperboard tube making process is conducted by winding the inside paperboard layer onto a stationary mandrel while simultaneously winding one or more exterior paperboard ply over the exterior of the first plies. An adhesive coating is applied to the exterior face of the inside paperboard ply and/or to the interior face of the adjacent exterior paperboard ply. As a result, radially adjacent plies forming separate layers adhere strongly to each other so that the tube can have considerable strength. Although each of the spirally wound layers includes a continuous helical seam, the composite tube formed from several layers does not readily unravel because the seams in adjacent paperboard layers are offset longitudinally from each other as mentioned above, and because of the substantial surface bonding between adjacent layers.
Particularly in those cases where the paperboard tube is used as a core support for a disposable sheet material such as paper towels, toilet tissue, or the like, it is highly desirable to minimize the cost of the paperboard core. This has been achieved in typical commercial practice by minimizing the number of layers of paperboard used to form the core and by minimizing the cost associated with the paperboard forming each of the layers. Accordingly, commercially available cores are preferably formed from only two layers and each layer is formed a relatively inexpensive and weak paperboard, typically of relatively low density and having a high content of recycled material.
As will be apparent, there is a limit to the minimum strength of paperboards that can be used to manufacture paperboard cores. Thus, the cores cannot be made from materials which are so thin and/or weak that they will not form a self-supporting structure upon being wound into helical form because the tube structure must provide support to the sheet material which is wound onto the core. Similarly, the paperboard tube must be formed from at least one layer, and in commercial practice, at least two paperboard layers are used. Two layers are needed to provide the necessary strength to the cores which stems from the bonding and proper alignment of the multiple layers. Moreover, the single continuous helical seam running along the length of paperboard tubes formed of only a single layer are apt to spirally unravel along the seam.
Various attempts have been made to make paperboard tubes from a single layer of paperboard by forming an overlap joint along the helical seam. Thus, attempts have been made to overlap one edge of the ply onto the top of the other edge of the ply as the ply is wound onto the mandrel. However, these attempts have not resulted in production of a commercial paperboard core product when a relatively weak, low basis weight material is used because of various difficulties.
One problem associated with overlapped joints is the uneven exterior and interior surface which normally results. The tube is thicker in the overlapping joint area and thus includes a raised helical seam extending along the exterior of the tube surface. Moreover, a corresponding inside surface of the tube can also be uneven; in other words, the inside surface of such tubes can also include a helical raised region extending from end to end of the tube. These uneven inside surfaces can be problematic for inserting the tube onto a winding mandrel and/or removing the tube from the mandrel. Similarly, the exterior uneven surface can be problematic as it can impact negatively on the appearance on the material wound onto the tube.
In order to eliminate the raised regions associated with overlapped helical joints, paperboard plies having edge portions which are thinner than the middle portion of the ply have been used in an attempt to form an acceptable single ply tube having an overlapped edge seam of a thickness substantially the same as the non-overlapped portions of the tube wall. However, in practice, the costs associated with forming the thinner edges of the paperboard plies can substantially increase the cost of the ply. Thus, the process of forming the thin area on the edges of the paperboard ply must desirably result in an edge having an uniform thickness. Particularly when the paperboard is relatively inexpensive and thus, relatively weak, substantial efforts are required not to overly deform the edges, while at the same time deforming the edges sufficiently to achieve the desired degree of thickness reduction. In practice, edges of plies have been treated to decrease their thickness for the formation of paperboard tubes, by a grinding or compressing process in which the edges of the paperboard ply are ground with an abrasive wheel, or compressed between compressing rollers to decrease its thickness. However, as indicated above, costs associated with such treatments substantially increase the costs of the paperboard plies.
Although such compressed edge plies have been used by the assignee of the present application to form a single layer paperboard tube, the paperboard used in this process has been a relatively high strength, high basis weight paperboard, having a basis weight of about 75lbs/1000 sq ft., and a thickness of about 0.025 inch. These tubes have been used to support relatively expensive gift wrapping papers in which the importance of the appearance of the product justifies a higher cost. However, the costs associated with such paperboard is generally too high for use in the production of core support tubes for toilet paper and paper towels.
As indicated previously, compressing and/or grinding of the edges of paperboard made from relatively low basis weight, relatively low thickness paperboards can be difficult to accomplish with uniformity and can add substantial cost to the paperboard plies. In addition, it has been found in practice that an overlap joint is difficult to achieve in practice when relatively low basis weight, relatively weak paperboard plies are used. When an overlapped joint is formed, substantial pressure must be applied to the tube-forming ply during the spiral winding process. This is necessary so that the overlapping edge will make substantial and uniform contact along the length of the tube. At the same time, the primary portion of the paperboard layer must make substantial contact with the supporting mandrel. If either of these conditions are not met, the paperboard tube will have an uneven, wrinkled appearance and will not be uniformly bonded along the overlapping joint. However, with low basis weight, weak paperboard plies, the tension which must be applied to the plies during the winding process in order to achieve such contact can result in the tearing of the paperboard plies, which in turn, results in shutting down of the tube making process.
Paper of variable thickness has been proposed for uses in which little or no strength is required. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 701,734 to Jenks discusses a process for producing variable thickness paper that can be used as pages in bound books. The method includes compressing portions of a wet paper web with a roller so that the web includes a plurality of longitudinal channels that are thinner than the remaining portions of the web. However, the papers of Jenks would not have the strength of paperboard which is needed for structural uses such as for forming a tubular core for carrying sheet material. U.S. Pat. No. 768,422 to Case discusses a papermaking process which produces multi-ply paper with gradually thinned edges. The individual plies are produced by a series of adjacent and radially aligned cylinders, each of which produces an individual ply. The plies are combined in an overlying fashion to form a multi-ply paper. All of the cylinders have raised longitudinal edge portions that define the width of the ply. The first cylinder in the series produces the narrowest ply. Each successive cylinder produces a slightly wider ply than the preceding cylinder. As the plies are combined, the resulting product is a paper sheet having a thick central portion that thins gradually at its edges.
The present invention provides continuous paperboard sheets suitable for forming inexpensive paperboard plies which can be readily be used to form single-layer paperboard tubes. The paperboard sheets of the invention can be formed of relatively low basis weight paperboard, but nevertheless can be readily used to provide a plurality of plies for forming single-layer paperboard tubes. The plies formed from the paper, in turn, include substantially uniform areas of reduced thickness along each of their edges. Even in those cases wherein the paperboard plies are of relatively low strength and low basis weight, overlapped joints can readily be formed in a single-layer paperboard tube without tearing or other destruction of the continuous plies.
The continuous paperboard sheets of the invention are elongated sheets having a substantially constant thickness and include a plurality of thick and thin longitudinal sections arranged in alternating relation across the width of the paperboard sheet. Each of the thick and thin sections extend along the length of the sheet substantially parallel to each other and to the edges of the sheet. The width of each of the longitudinally extending sections of the paperboard sheet remains substantially constant along the length of the sheet. The sections of the paperboard sheet having the lesser thickness, have a width substantially less than that of the width of the longitudinally extending thicker sections. The paperboard sheet has a basis weight sufficient to form a self-supporting single layer tube structure. Advantageously, the paperboard sheet has a basis weight greater than about 45 pounds per thousand square feet, more preferably greater than about 50 pounds per thousand square feet. The thickness of the paperboard sheet is advantageously less than about 0.025 inches in the thicker sections, and can have a thickness of about 0.02 inches or less in the thicker sections. Preferably, the paperboard sheet includes at least three or more, more preferably at least about 5 or more longitudinally extending thicker sections separated by longitudinally extending thinner sections. The continuous paperboard sheet is slit longitudinally along the thinner portions to provide elongate paperboard plies suitable for forming single layer paperboard tubes.
In one preferred method embodiment of the invention, the paperboard sheets are formed in a papermaking operation using a plurality of papermaking cylinders operating in series. A continuous paperboard sheet having a relatively large predetermined width is formed on a first of the papermaking cylinders. An array of spaced-apart narrow paperboard strips are formed on a second of the papermaking cylinders. The array of spaced-apart continuous paperboard strips is combined with the wide paperboard sheet by superimposing the array onto the wide paperboard sheet in intimate face-to-face contact therewith to provide a composite sheet having thick longitudinally extending sections and thin longitudinally extending sections. The combined paperboard sheet is then passed through a drying operation. The cylinder to form the array of spaced-apart narrow paperboard strips includes a plurality of permeable circumferential screen portions separated from each other by substantially impermeable circumferential screen portions. The narrow elongate paperboard strips are formed on the permeable portions of the papermaking cylinder in a spaced-apart relation as defined by widths of the impermeable portions of the papermaking cylinder positioned between the permeable cylinder portions. Preferably the paperboard sheet is formed from at least two relatively wide paperboard layers, each of which have a width substantially the same as the overall width of the composite paperboard sheet. More preferably, at least three wide plies are used to form three layers, and at least two spaced apart arrays of longitudinally extending paperboard strips are included in the final product. In such preferred embodiments, the paperboard strips are superimposed in substantial registry onto each other, with, or without, one or more wide paperboard layers being deposited between the superimposed arrays.
In another method embodiment of the invention, a compressing operation is used to define a plurality of thin longitudinally extending portions along the length of the paperboard sheet. The compressing method of the invention can be conducted on paperboard sheet formed from multiple layers of paperboard which include, or do not include, the integrally formed thinner sections extending longitudinally along the sheet as discussed above. In either case, a plurality of spaced apart longitudinal portions of the sheet are compressed subsequent to drying of the paperboard sheet. Preferably, the compressing operation is conducted substantially immediately subsequent to the drying operation. By compressing the thin longitudinal portions of the paperboard sheet, the physical properties of the thin portions, such as strength, pliability and uniformity of width become quite consistent and predictable, even when inexpensive recycled papermaking fibers are used to form the paperboard.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, it has been found that substantially improved paperboard tube forming plies are provided by controlling the papermaking operation to provide a moisture content in the final paperboard of greater than about 6% by weight, preferably between about 6% and 9% by weight. This moisture content is greater than the conventional moisture content of paperboard sheet, which normally has a moisture content of about 4% by weight. Particularly with regard to relatively low basis weight paperboard sheets having a substantial content of recycled or similar fiber materials, it has been found that the increased moisture content improves the pliability of the paperboard sheet so that plies formed by slitting the paperboard sheet can more readily be conformed onto a paperboard tube-forming mandrel without requiring the use excessive tension on the paperboard plies. Moreover, compressed portions of the paperboard, which can be relatively brittle under normal conditions, have also been found to conform more readily and thereby provide improved overlapped joints.
The paperboard plies having a moisture content greater than about 6% prepared in accordance with the invention advantageously are rolled into roll form following the slitting operation for transportation, storage, and use in the manufacture of single layer paperboard tubes. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the rolled plies are overwrapped with a substantially moisture impermeable wrapper. The substantially moisture impermeable wrapper maintains a relatively high moisture content within the paperboard plies formed according to the invention.
The paperboard tube-forming plies provided according to the invention have thinner longitudinal edges suitable for forming overlapped joints in a wound tube while minimizing wall thickening of the tube at the overlapped joint. The thinned edge sections are substantially uniform in both thickness and in width even when relatively brittle, low basis weight paperboard is used to form the plies. Nevertheless, no separate operation is required to be conducted on the individual plies in order to provide the thinned edges. The paperboard plies prepared according to the invention are capable of forming improved overlapped joints in single ply paperboard tubes so that the adhesion along the continuous, helical joint in the tube is both uniform and substantial. Accordingly, unraveling of the tube is not a substantial problem. Moreover, the improved pliability of the paperboard plies of the invention improves the tube manufacturing process.
In the drawings, which form a portion of the original disclosure of the invention;
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one preferred paperboard forming operation of the invention for forming a continuous paperboard sheet having a series of continuous, parallel, thick and thin sections arranged in alternating sequence across the width of the sheet, and for slitting the continuous sheet into a plurality of tube forming plies;
FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the continuous paperboard sheet of FIG. 1 showing the thin and thick sections of the sheet following a step for compression of the thin sections;
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the continuous paperboard sheet of FIG. 1 taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1 showing a cutting operation for slitting of the thin sections of the full width paperboard sheet using illustrative sharpened cutting wheels;
FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view of a tube-forming paperboard ply resulting from the slitting operation and which has a thick central portion and thin longitudinal edges;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a papermaking cylinder that is used in a preferred embodiment of the process illustrated in FIG. 1, and which includes a plurality of deckle straps covering spaced circumferential portions of the paper-forming screen thereof to provide for the formation of an array of a plurality of narrow paperboard-forming plies in the spaced uncovered portions of the screen;
FIG. 6 is partial cutaway perspective view of a continuous, layered paperboard web formed of a plurality of superposed layers arranged in intimate face-to-face contact, including three superposed full width paperboard layers and another layer which is discontinuous in the width direction across the layered web and which is defined by an array of substantially coplanar, spaced-apart narrow paperboard webs, each of which extend continuously along the longitudinal or machine direction of the composite web in parallel relationship;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a continuous tube-forming paperboard ply of the present invention in roll form overwrapped with a moisture resistant wrapper; and
FIG. 8 is a partially exploded perspective view of a tube formed from a continuous paperboard ply of the present invention having a thick central portion and longitudinally thinned edges.
In the drawings and the following detailed description, preferred embodiments of the invention are described in detail. Although the invention is described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to these preferred embodiments. But to the contrary, the invention includes numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalents as will become apparent from the consideration of the foregoing discussion and the following detailed description.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates one preferred process for forming a continuous paperboard sheet from a plurality of separately formed paperboard layers and for cutting the sheet into a plurality of elongated paperboard tube-forming plies, each having a thick central section and thin longitudinal edges. These paperboard plies can be subsequently formed into single-ply paperboard tubes.
A paperboard processing line, designated generally at 10, comprises a plurality of web formation stations 12 for forming relatively thin paperboard layers, a pressing station 14 for combining the layers into a layered paperboard composite, a drier 16 for drying the layered paperboard composite sheet and converting the layered composite into a unitary sheet, a compression unit 18 for compressing a plurality of continuous longitudinal sections along the paperboard sheet, and a slitting unit 20 for slitting the continuous sheet into a plurality of continuous tubeforming plies.
A multiple cylinder paperboard making station 12 is shown comprising five serially arranged papermaking cylinders 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, a pulp vat 22, and a forming screen 23. As will be apparent to the skilled artisan, multiple cylinder paperboard forming processes and apparatus are well known in the art and can take various forms and arrangements. It will also be apparent that such process and apparatus can advantageously be used in the invention. The pulp vat 22 contains pulp P of any of various well known varieties that can be used to form paperboard and which are also known in the art. Preferably, the pulp P is relatively inexpensive pulp that includes a substantial proportion, e.g., greater than 50 wt. percent (based on solids) of recycled cellulosic materials such as recycled paper, cardboard, paperboard, etc. Typically such pulps are used to provide a relatively low density paperboard.
The vat 22 is sufficiently deep to receive the a portion of each of the cylinders 23, 24, 25, 26. 27, and each of the cylinders reside predominantly within the vat 22, but an upper portion of each cylinder also extends out of the vat 22 in tangential contact with the underside of the forming screen 23. Each of the cylinders includes a porous circumferential screen upon which pulp is deposited and from which moisture laden webs are transferred to the screen 23. The screen 23 is mounted above the vat 22 and the cylinders 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 via a reversing roller 30 which, along with drive rollers 19, drives the screen 23 over the cylinders. Although five papermaking cylinders are illustrated herein, those skilled in this art will appreciate that the number of cylinders used to form multiple-ply paperboard can be varied depending on numerous factors such the desired thickness of the paperboard, the particular pulp stock, the speed of the paperboard operation, etc.
Each of the cylinders 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 forms a relatively thin web from pulp P and continuously transfers the web to the underside of the screen 23. The initial layer formed by the first cylinder 24 is deposited directly onto the screen while the successive cylinders deposit a successive layer onto the previously deposited layer in intimate face-to-face contact therewith. After all five cylinders 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 have formed and transferred pulp layers to form a multiple layered composite web on the forming screen 30, the screen 30 transports the composite web past the roller 30 and to the pressing station 14. At this point the composite web still contains a substantial quantity of water. Preferably the web has a basis weight, based on dry weight of between about 50 and 80 pounds per thousand sq. ft. More preferably a basis weight between about 50 and about 75 lbs/1000 sq. ft.
The webs formed in the conventional papermaking process extend across the full width of each of the multiple cylinders 24-28, and such full width webs are advantageously used in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In an alternative advantageous embodiment, one or more of the layers forming the multiple layered web can be formed of a layer which is discontinuous in the cross-machine direction, i.e., in the direction across the layered web. The discontinuous layer is formed by a parallel array of substantially coplanar, spaced-apart narrow paperboard webs, each of which extend continuously along the longitudinal or machine direction of the composite web. A composite layered web formed partially of a full width webs, and partially from such a discontinuous layer is shown in FIG. 6.
As illustrated the multiple layered composite web of FIG. 6 has three full width layers 31 and two layers of formed by spaced apart narrow webs 33. As is well known, conventional papermaking cylinders include a circumferential screen, and paper webs are formed substantially across the full width, i.e., in the cross-machine direction along the axis of the cylinders. In accordance with the invention one or more of the cylinders, such as for example the last two cylinders (exemplified by cylinder 27 in FIG. 5), to form a plurality of narrow webs 33. As seen in FIG. 5, the cylinders are modified by attaching a plurality of spaced circumferential deckle straps 29 onto the surface of the screen. Because these deckle straps 29 are moisture-impermeable, pulp is not taken up from the vat 22 on these areas of the cylinder. Because webs are formed only where pulp is taken up, a plurality of narrow plies 33 of a predetermined width (i.e., equal to the distance between the deckle straps) are formed. Deckle straps are known in the art and are readily available in a variety of widths. Normally the deckle straps are used to adjust the width of the papermaking web by covering edge portions of the papermaking screen. The deckle straps are attached to central areas of the screen in accordance with the invention using conventional attachment techniques. Those skilled in this art will appreciate that, although the illustrated deckle straps 29 are preferred, any of various removable or permanent coverings or screen modifications can be used in accord with the invention to provide a plurality of circumferential spaced permeable and impermeable areas on the paperforming screen. Exemplary alternatives include straps of other materials, permanent coatings such as can be formed by coating materials, e.g., paint, and the like.
After being formed on the cylinders, the array of narrow plies 33 are deposited onto the wide plies 31 in intimate face to face contact therewith. The thus formed continuous paperboard sheet includes a series of continuous, parallel, thick and thin sections 61 and 62, respectively, arranged in alternating sequence across the width of the sheet and which each extend along the machine direction of the web. The thick sections 61 correspond to portions of the multiply sheet at which the narrow webs 33 are superposed on the full width webs 31, and the thin sections 62 correspond to portions of the multiple layered sheet where the wide plies 31 do not contact a narrow ply 33 and wherein no narrow ply is contained in the layered web. The thick sections 61 are advantageously formed to have a predetermined uniform width that is substantially greater than that of the thin sections 62.
The composite web having inherently formed thick and thin sections as discussed above, or which is of a uniform thickness and formed in the conventional manner from a plurality of full width webs as discussed in connection with FIG. 1, is next passed to a pressing station 14 which is positioned at a location downstream of the pulley 30 for receiving the multiple layered web formed on the screen 23. In the pressing section 14, the multiple layers of the web are pressed together to remove water and thus improve the bonding between the individual ply layers. Although not wishing to be bound by theory, it is generally understood that as pressure is applied to paperboard webs during the formation thereof, hydroxyl groups of the cellulose molecules forming the pulp fibers react with each other to split out water molecules and bond the paper fibers together. Pressure can be applied to the web by any method known by those skilled in this art to be suitable for pressing multiple-ply paperboard webs. At this point, the layers comprising the web become, in large part, indistinguishable from one another and thus constitute a unitary paperboard sheet.
The paperboard sheet which is still supported on the forming screen 23 is continuously withdrawn from the pressing station 14 and is next passed to a heated drying station 16. The drying station 16 applies heat in a controlled manner, to thereby remove water from the web until a desired moisture level is reached. The moisture content can be controlled in various ways as will be apparent, e.g., by controlling both the speed at which the paperboard sheet is passed through the drier and the temperature within the drier, or through the use of a conventional moisture detector and a controller 42. In the latter case the moisture content of the paperboard sheet is sensed by the detector the speed of the forming screen or the temperature within the drier can be adjusted in response thereto by a conventional controller 42. Preferably, the drying conditions are controlled so that the paperboard web exits the drier 16 with a moisture content of between about 6 to 9 percent by weight. As discussed previously, it has been found that paperboard having a moisture content in this range exhibits increased flexibility and is thus less susceptible to bulging and to fracture when wound about a mandrel to form a tube.
The dried paperboard sheet is removed from the drier 16, passed to a compression unit 18, which comprises a backup roller 51 and a pressure roller assembly 52 comprising a plurality of disk-shaped rollers 54. The rollers 54 are oriented and positioned for circumferential contact with the paperboard sheet, and are arranged to apply controlled pressure to the paperboard sheet. The cylindrical backup roller 51 advantageously extends across the width of the web and is positioned directly beneath the roller assembly 52 to contact the underside of the paperboard sheet. In an optional step illustrated in FIG. 1, a tank 55 that is fluidly connected with a conduit 56 via a control valve 57 in order to apply a softening or flexibilizing liquid such as water, or the like, onto the paperboard sheet. The conduit 56 terminates in a plurality of nozzles 58 which are positioned for directing the liquid onto the paperboard sheet.
In operation, the paperboard sheet passes through the nip defined by the backup roller 51 and the disk-shaped rollers 54. Such passage causes the spaced apart regions of the paperboard sheet that contact the rollers 54 to be continuously compressed along the length of the paperboard sheet. The compressed regions are thereby provided with a greater fiber density than the non-compressed regions 61; this is the case with both the constant thickness sheet illustrated in FIG. 1 and the variable thickness sheet illustrated in FIG. 6. It has been discovered that by compressing the paperboard sheet, the thin sections 62 become more pliable, i.e., less brittle, during subsequent use of the sheet such as when narrow plies formed therefrom are wound about a mandrel to form a tube. In addition, compression of the thin longitudinal sections of the paperboard of FIG. 6 has been found to improve the uniformity of width of thin longitudinal sections. In this regard, it was found in practice that inherently formed thin areas of a paperboard sheet as discussed above, can shrink in the widthwise direction during passage through a paper drier, and that the degree of shrinkage can vary in an unpredictable manner depending on factors such as pulp make-up and the like. The compression treatment discussed above has been found to compensate for variations is the width of the compressed sections thereby minimizing or eliminating problems associated with the widthwise shrinkage, of the thin longitudinal sections 62.
After being compressed in the compression unit 18, a paperboard sheet formed by either of the embodiments described hereinabove varies in thickness in the direction across the width of the sheet. The paperboard sheet thus comprises a plurality of elongate thick longitudinal sections 61 alternating with a plurality of elongate thin longitudinal sections 62 as best seen in (FIG. 2). In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the thin longitudinal sections 61 have a thickness in the range of between about 0.013 and 0.018 in. and a width ranging between about 0.25 and 1 in. The thick sections 62 are preferably between about 0.015 and 0.025 inches in thickness, more preferably between 0.016 and 0.020 in. in thickness, and between about 3 and 5 inches in width. Advantageously, the compression is conducted on paperboard of a basis weight of between 50 and 60 lbs. per 1000 sq. ft. to provide a thickness reduction of about 20% to about 25% based on the initial sheet thickness.
Following compression, the paperboard sheet travels to the slitting unit 20, wherein it is cut into a plurality of continuous tube-forming plies (an exemplary ply 76 is shown in FIG. 4). The slitting unit 20 (FIG. 3) can take a wide variety of forms as will be known in the art and is illustrated in a form including an axle 72 that extends across the width of the paperboard sheet and supports a plurality of circular blades 74. Each of the blades 74 is positioned to contact and cut through the paperboard sheet longitudinally along one of the thin longitudinal sections 62 of the sheet. Preferably, the blades 74 are positioned to slit the longitudinal sections 62 at a location on or adjacent to the longitudinal center line thereof so that the thus formed continuous tube-forming plies 76 have thin longitudinal edges 78 that are essentially the same width on each side of the ply. The resulting ply 76 thus has a thick central portion 77 between about 3 and 5 inches wide and between about 0.015 and 0.025 inches thick, and further has a pair of thinned longitudinal edge sections connected to the thick central portion 77. Each of the longitudinal edge portions 78 is preferably between about 0.013 and 0.018 inches in thickness and between about 0.125 and 0.5 inches in width. Because of the manner in which the compressing operation is conducted, the thin edge portions 78 each have faces that are coplanar with each other and with a face of the thick central portion 77 of the ply. These coplanar faces are shown as the bottom face of the ply in FIG. 4.
Once the paperboard sheet has been formed into continuous tube-forming plies 76, each ply 76 is wound onto a core 83 to form a paperboard roll 80 as shown in FIG. 7. The roll is advantageously wrapped with sheets of a substantially moisture impermeable material, such as a polymeric film wrapper 82 made of a material such as polyethylene, or are packaged in another moisture impermeable package that maintains the moisture content of the paperboard at between about 6 and 9 percent.
The thus formed paperboard plies 78 may be transported or stored prior to use without substantial moisture loss. The plies are thereafter formed into a spirally wound tube 90 (FIG. 8) that can be used as the core for rolls of other sheet material products, such as toilet tissue, paper towels, gift wrap, aluminum foil, and the like. The tube 90 is formed on a mandrel by winding the ply in a helical fashion about the mandrel so that one of the thinned longitudinal edges 78 overlies the opposite longitudinal edge of the wound ply. The edges 78 are advantageously adhered in this overlying configuration, and the tube thus formed 90 is cut into individual tubes of desired length. Methods for formation of tubes from these paperboard continuous tube-forming plies are disclosed in co-pending U.S. pat. application Ser. No. 08/265,999 entitled SINGLE-PLY PAPERBOARD TUBE AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME filed concurrently herewith by George S. Lennon et al.
As shown hereinabove, the present invention can provide paperboard continuous tube-forming plies that are suitable for formation into paperboard tubes. The paperboard has predictable, reliable physical properties such as strength, pliability, and shrinkage that render it suitable for such use. Moreover, the process for forming the paperboard continuous tube-forming plies is simple and can be performed with only slight modifications to existing paperboard manufacturing lines.
The invention has been described in considerable detail by reference to preferred embodiments; however, it will be apparent that numerous variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the foregoing detailed specification and defined in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 25, 1869
|Improved composite paper for hangings and for other purposes
|Dec 7, 1883
|Jun 23, 1885
|Re-enforced paper fabric
|Jun 20, 1901
|Jun 3, 1902
|Charles C Jenks
|Paper of variable thickness.
|Jul 23, 1902
|Aug 23, 1904
|Raymond S Case
|Process of making paper.
|Jul 23, 1902
|Sep 5, 1905
|Raymond S Case
|Art of making paper.
|Jul 6, 1905
|Jul 31, 1906
|James Walsh
|Jul 8, 1905
|Mar 28, 1911
|James A Ekin Criswell
|Manufacture of matches.
|Sep 3, 1908
|Mar 28, 1911
|James A Ekin Criswell
|Method of making matches.
|Nov 8, 1911
|Jul 9, 1912
|Richard G Benedict
|Paper-making machine.
|Mar 7, 1924
|Jun 22, 1926
|Flintkote Co
|Method and machine for making fiber board of variable thickness
|Oct 20, 1928
|Jan 13, 1931
|Western Electric Co
|Mold and its method of construction for paper-making machines
|Dec 21, 1928
|Jun 16, 1931
|American Writing Paper Company
|Art of making deckle edge paper
|Feb 4, 1930
|Oct 11, 1932
|Brown Co
|Multiple cylinder paper making machine
|Feb 15, 1938
|Dec 17, 1940
|Welsh Mfg Co
|Method of making a tube of cellulose material
|May 31, 1941
|Mar 19, 1946
|Beloit Iron Works
|Cylinder type papermaking machine and method
|Feb 18, 1952
|Oct 4, 1955
|Int Paper Canada
|Method and apparatus for improving sheet formation of dissolving wood pulp
|Apr 13, 1960
|Mar 12, 1963
|Union Carbide Corp
|Edge coating
|Aug 12, 1960
|Jan 28, 1964
|Buckeye Cellulose Corp
|Non-floating, high alpha dissolving pulp sheet
|Jun 4, 1965
|Sep 27, 1966
|Aluminum Co Of America
|Method of making a composite container
|Jun 20, 1952
|Feb 14, 1967
|Gen Mills Inc
|Pressure carton
|Jan 19, 1966
|Jul 18, 1967
|Container Corp
|Easy open container
|May 27, 1975
|Sep 14, 1976
|Sonoco Products Company
|High speed carrier with deckled underply
|Dec 19, 1975
|Jan 24, 1978
|Marshall Preston F
|Method of making biaxially oriented nonwoven fabrics
|Oct 19, 1978
|Dec 16, 1980
|Blake David R
|Manufacture of an non-laminated paper web having regions of increased thickness
|Mar 18, 1980
|Aug 10, 1982
|Sonoco Products Company
|Composite container with balloon fold
|Jan 7, 1991
|Jan 28, 1992
|The Pillsbury Company
|Container for refrigerated dough and method of forming a refrigerated dough product
|Aug 27, 1992
|Oct 12, 1993
|Sonoco Products Company
|Easy-open container for refrigerated dough products and the like
|Title not available
|James P. Casey, editor of "Pulp And Paper, Chemistry and Chemical Technology", vol. III, 1981.
|James P. Casey, editor of Pulp And Paper, Chemistry and Chemical Technology , vol. III, 1981.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 23, 1998
|Feb 22, 2000
|Sweetheart Cup Company, Inc.
|Two-piece paperboard lids having spiral-wound side wall and non-circular geometries, and methods of making the same
|Apr 30, 1997
|Nov 14, 2000
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Wound product cores and processes for making them
|Mar 9, 2007
|May 18, 2010
|Amesbury Group, Inc.
|Systems and methods for manufacturing reinforced weatherstrip
|Jan 20, 2010
|Jun 7, 2016
|Amesbury Group, Inc.
|Systems and methods for manufacturing reinforced weatherstrip
|Mar 20, 2003
|Sep 23, 2004
|Sonoco Development, Inc.
|Tube made out of pre-adhered plies
|Sep 5, 2003
|Mar 10, 2005
|Beasley Billy Franklin
|Low density paperboard sheet and tube incorporating the same
|Feb 7, 2005
|Jun 16, 2005
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Spiral wound tubes, method and apparatus for forming the same
|Feb 23, 2006
|Jun 29, 2006
|Sonoco Development, Inc.
|Tube made out of pre-adhered plies
|Aug 5, 2005
|Feb 8, 2007
|Venuti Alan R
|Multiple stage web material processor
|Apr 20, 2012
|Oct 23, 2013
|Sca Tissue France
|A single ply core manufacturing method, a ply and a single ply core
|U.S. Classification
|162/123, 162/118, 162/194, 162/132, 162/109
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 29, 1994
Owner name: SONOCO PRODUCTS COMPANY, SOUTH CAROLINA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LENNON, GEORGE E.;HALL, JERRY S.;MERRITT, KEVIN R.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007139/0426
Effective date: 19940822
|Jul 29, 1997
|Certificate of correction
|Jan 25, 1999
Owner name: SONOCO DEVELOPMENT, INC., SOUTH CAROLINA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SONOCO PRODUCTS COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:009711/0328
Effective date: 19981228
|May 1, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 14, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 2, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Solar bears love to say that solar can't make it without subsidies, while at the same time bemoaning falling prices as indicating solar is unprofitable.
It's true.
Prices for polysilicon and finished panels are falling. Chinese producers are increasing production well ahead of demand. The result is there are 8.6 Gwatts of power in inventory.
Imagine that. A potential 8.6 GWatts of power supply sitting on shelves, waiting to be installed.
This is terrible financial news for companies like Wacker Chemie (OTC:WKCMF) and SolarWorld AG (SPWRF.PK) of Germany, as well as MEMC (WFR) and privately-held Hemlock Semiconductor of the U.S.
But it's also great news for buyers, and in the long run it does not mean that Chinese companies have the solar market sewed-up.
That's because, unlike the semiconductor technology on which it's based, the nature of solar technology is changing rapidly. The largest U.S. producer of solar product, First Solar (NASDAQ:FSLR), doesn't even base its product on polysilicon but on cadmium telluride. Other American companies, like Konarka, are making solar panels out of plastic.
What's happening is again similar to what happened in computing 40 years ago. IBM mainframe prices were pushed downward by competition from "plug-compatible" companies, but these companies were in the middle of being replaced by mini-computers, which were ultimately replaced by PCs. A company that overproduced in one technology could deliver real bargains to customers, but the next generation of technology made those bargains look like expensive mistakes.
We don't know the final form solar technology will take. We do know that we have many generations to go, with lower-and-lower costs, before we reach that final form.
But the solar bears can't have it both ways. You can't say both "you wouldn't exist without subsidy" and "you're too expensive" when prices are falling below other forms of energy, and technology is changing to assure they will fall further still.
Fact is every important technology gets government subsidies as it's ramping up. Chips and the Internet were products of the Cold War. In time, both paid off big, in terms of economic abundance, because innovators were able to keep driving prices down, investing ahead of demand.
Why should solar be any different?
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Master of Education by Research
Master of Education by Research
The Master of Education by Research promotes the interdependence of research, learning and change.
You'll develop advanced research principles and methods and mastery of a body of knowledge in education by completing a thesis or project. Your challenge will be not just to generate new knowledge but also to investigate how this knowledge informs action.
Through the program you'll access and nurture industry partnerships and collaboration with other researchers.
Individually supervised research programs are available in:
- primary education
- secondary education
- early childhood education
- information and communication technology (ICT) and educational curriculum
- higher education
- discipline-specific areas – literacy, numeracy, science, arts and creative arts, social science, curriculum design and sustainability.
Learning and teaching
Time spent on research
Research programs can be undertaken in a full-time or part-time mode. The academic year is 48 weeks.
Regular contact with your supervisor
Candidates are required to establish a schedule of compulsory regular meetings and milestone reviews with their supervisor/s to assess progress against the research plan and overall progression towards timely completion.
Resources, facilities and support
You will be part of an active research community and be able to access a range of resources and workshops to help you succeed in your research and be part of a wider learning community.
Entry requirements
Entry into a Research program at RMIT is not based solely on academic achievement and applicants must meet the following minimum academic requirements to be considered for candidature.
English language requirements
To undertake most research programs at RMIT, you must have achieved one of the following English proficiency test results within the last 2 years:
- Academic IELTS (minimum score) overall band 7.0 with no individual band below 6.5
- TOEFL (Paper Based) minimum score of 600 (with a Test of Written English (TWE) score of 5.0)
- TOEFL (Internet Based Test – iBT) minimum overall score of 100 with a minimum of 24 in writing and 22 in all other sections
- Pearson Test of English (PTE Academic) minimum score of 65 no band less than 58, or
- Cambridge English(Advanced CAE): CAE Grade B (no band less than Good).
This school offers programs in:
- English


text:
Description of this paper
A stock investor deposited $1000 four years ago in a non-dividend paying stock
6. (3 points) A stock investor deposited $1000 four years ago in a non-dividend paying stock. Today the stock is valued at $814. What annual rate of return has this investor earned?;Rate;7. (8 points) A friend wants to retire in 30 years when he is 65. At age 35, he can invest $300/month that earns 6% each year. But he is thinking of waiting 15 years when he is age 50, and then investing $900/month to catch up, earning the same 6% per year. He feels that by investing three times as much for half as many years (15 instead of 30 years) he will have more. What is the future value of each of these options at age 65, and under which scenario would he accumulate more money?;Scenario A:, Scenario B:, Best;8. (4 points) Compute the present value of a one-time payment of $1,000 paid in four years using the following discount rates: 1.0% in year 1, 2.0% in year 2, 4% in year 3, and 3% in year 4.;Present Value;9. (5 points) TV?s R Yours is advertising a deal, in which you buy a flat screen TV for $4,769 (including tax) with one year before you need to pay (no interest is incurred if you pay by the end of the one year). How much would you need to deposit at the end of each month in a savings account earning 1.2% APR, compounded monthly, to be able to pay the $4,769 bill in one year? Monthly Deposit;10. (8 points) Instead, you opt to purchase a 10-Inch 4K Ultra HD 120Hz Smart LED TV for $149,980 (yes, it?s really there) by getting a loan for $120,980 and paying a $29,000 down payment. You can get a 10-year loan with a 3.6% interest rate.;A. What would be your monthly payment?;B. In 4 years, when a newer, cheaper but nicer TV is available, what would be the loan balance?
Paper#19448 | Written in 18-Jul-2015Price : $39


text:
Everyone has a favorite social network. A writer at Medium recently shared why he prefers Twitter over Facebook. "Twitter put simply is fun, fantastic, and all about the here and now. The fact that I can't even search my own feed for past things I've said makes it exist almost entirely in the present tense. The people I follow are people I know, people I work with and live near, but also a good dose of random comedians, musicians, and celebrities I'll never meet. The things everyone tweets about are mostly jokes or things that make you smile, either random thingsRead More
According to The Guardian, publishers might not have to choose between going digital or print these days. They might find it advantageous to do both. "Only two, let alone 20, years back, the prophets of online hegemony made transition seem inevitable – for papers, magazines, books. Today, ebook growth seems to have hit an unexpected wall, while print book sales hold up far beyond expectation. Today, new magazines can be started and even sometimes watch sales grow while tablets themselves fall from favour. Today the most successful newspapers in print find different ways of surviving online." Check out more about this atRead More
If you missed Wednesday's Do Good Better conference, you missed the chance to get inspired by more than a dozen speakers who were glad to share stories about their successes and failures when it comes to social good. Overall, the event - which exists to bring together marketers and technologists who work to solve some of the world's problems - showed that the social innovation space is getting more interesting, with nonprofits taking more risks to "do good better." If the concept of changing up the status quo to help others intrigues you, you'll enjoy our highlights of this event. DoRead More
Whether you're used to swiping your debit card at the store or swiping left or right on Tinder, you might agree with a recent piece on Medium that we're in the Swipe Culture. But is this a good thing or a bad thing? The author says, "Swipe culture was meant to provide us with the fastest and surest route to what we wanted, but instead it presents us so swiftly with such a bewildering number of options that we're no longer truly sure what we want anymore." He adds, "We're getting from A to B quicker than ever; but the spacesRead More
Have you heard of Talkray? If you're in the US, maybe not, but you probably have if you're in the Maldives, India, Southeast Asia, Tanzania, or Jamaica. According to Fortune, this messaging app is very popular overseas. It's "an app for free phone calls, group calls, text messages, photos, and videos. The app, they say, has been engineered to reduce the bandwidth, packet rate, and latency required to place voice calls in an effort to ensure that it would function with a slow connection." You can learn more about Talkray's rise to popularity in certain countries at Fortune. Image credit: Talkray
Have you ever received a letter written by a robot? It's possible you have. Medium discussed how and why marketers have started using robots to actually use a pen to write mail in the hopes that it looks realistic enough for people to read. Of course, the robots have not quite figured out how to write exactly like humans: "So now robots are trying to write like us. But they're not perfect yet! It turns out there are some intriguing quirks of human psychology and letter-formation that the machines can't yet mimic. Learn those tricks, and you can spot the robots." CheckRead More
If you're looking for a new app to make shopping a little easier, check out Spring. According to The Business of Fashion, it's as clean and easy to use as Instagram. Apparently, "Spring represents what could possibly be three big leaps forward for fashion retail: (1) making the Instagram model shoppable; (2) creating a place with a critical mass of brands that offers something close to a universal shopping cart; and (3) making the action of purchasing something scarily easy." Read more about this app's benefits and possible drawbacks at The Business of Fashion. Image credit: Modelinia
Responsive design has been touted as the next big thing over the last few years, but according to Fast Company's Co.Design, it may not be enough. It needs a few improvements. That's because "Today, users expect online experiences that not only respond to what device they're using, but also their location, time of day, what they've already read, and events happening in real time." After all, as the article states, "It's easy to glean what device users are browsing on, the time of day they're visiting, where they are in the world, whether they're regular or new visitors, how long they've been onRead More
Despite having been seen as a major marketing tool for years, Facebook has fallen out of favor with many brands. Adweek discussed why that could be and which tools brands prefer to use now. "One agency said its clients are pulling away from Facebook in "dramatic numbers"—reallocating their resources to microsites and alternate social channels like LinkedIn—after the agency's social media managers saw a "dramatic dip" in reach for their messaging over the last 16 months. They attributed this decline to Facebook's EdgeRank algorithm, which curates the content users see in their News Feeds." You can learn more about this change at Adweek. Image credit:Read More
Want to know exactly how many times you check your phone each day? According to TechCrunch, a new app called Checky will tell you. Simply put, it's "designed more to make you aware of how often you're using your smartphone. This very basic app simply shows you how many times per day you've checked your phone, and maps out where that usage occurred." Sure, it might not be necessary, but it could be good to know! Find out more about it at TechCrunch. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons


text: Meta Battle Subway PokeBase - Pokemon Q&A Login Register All Activity Questions Unanswered Tags Users Ask a Question Rules Chat Pokemon Mystery Dungeon Red Rescue Team: Hero/Partner modifier/tool? 1 vote Trying to find a tool or code that will let me change my hero and partner Pokemon to anything in the third gen when I start a new game. any help is greatly appreciated. mystery-dungeon partner starters action-replay asked Oct 18, 2013 by WeegeeSensei edited Oct 20, 2013 by WeegeeSensei Please use proper question titles like the one I just provided. Not only do they make it easier for people who have the same question to search it up, it also allows people who know the answer to find this question easier and answer it. commented Oct 18, 2013 by trachy The answer to this question; There ain' a code. e_e commented Oct 18, 2013 by Sempiternus Okay i will in the future ^^ and theres always a code for everything commented Oct 18, 2013 by WeegeeSensei There isn't an answer to this question js. No actual code for what you want as far as I can see, though you can make one yourself if you have the knowledge? XD commented Oct 20, 2013 by Sempiternus I'M TOO DUMB, and i've seen some codes for this recently actually! It's just they dont work with the emulator i'm using, and i cant use a different one for REASONS commented Oct 21, 2013 by WeegeeSensei KoD, it is possible. And, if HTML is like game coding, it's quite easy as well. I'm not willing to find out though, sorry. xD commented Oct 31, 2013 by !'•-Indigo-•'! Please log in or register to add a comment. Please log in or register to answer this question. 1 Answer 1 vote You go to the Friend Areas, choose a Pokemon, and select the "Make Leader" option. You can also switch the lead Pokemon mid-dungeon in some dungeons (but not all of them - the ones you beat as part of the storyline don't allow this). Select the "Team" option, pick a Pokemon that has a yellow heart by them, and select "Leader." You mean this? answered Nov 9, 2013 by Natsu Please log in or register to add a comment. Related questions Differences between Pokemon mystery dungeon red / blue rescue team? How is damage determined in Pokemon Mystery Dungeon Red/Blue Rescue team? How do I unlock pitfall valley on Pokemon mystery dungeon red rescue team? What is the right level I could beat Groudon on Pokemon Mystery Dungeon Red Rescue Team? Does STAB exist in Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Red/Blue Rescue Team? How do you get Mew in Pokemon Mystery Dungeon Blue Rescue Team? Is there any way to raise the PP of your attacks in Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team? How do you use an item on a Pokemon other than your player character in Pokemon Mystery Dungeon Blue Rescue Team? Useful Meta Posts Vote for Sun/Moon moveset questions How to change your username How to add a user avatar Why was my post hidden? The points system Question etiquette Flags vs Downvotes Anime FAQ


text:
Cheap round-trip flights to Ahmedabad
Prices found within past 7 days. Prices and availability subject to change. Additional terms may apply.
Snag some "suite" deals when you add cheap hotel rooms to Ahmedabad flights at Orbitz. You can score tickets to ballgames, concerts and other activities while planning your low fare flights. For non-stop air tickets or planned layovers, Orbitz is your discount travel resource.
Budget Prices, Luxury Life
Find mobile-only bargains on your home away from home with Orbitz cutting-edge mobile tools. Search domestic and international hotels at Orbitz On the Go. Find free travel planning apps for your iPhone, Android or iPad. You'll always get our guaranteed low prices on your favorite hotels and flights to Ahmedabad.
Fun for All
While shopping Orbitz sales on Ahmedabad flights, remember to throw in some fun. Ticket sales for music, theatre, sports and more can be found on the Activities page. Just tell us what you want to do, and Orbitz will save your seat.
Non-Stop or Stop and Visit
Will you be flying round-trip or one-way? Going directly from Point A to Point B? Maybe you'd like to have dinner with family and friends along the way. Whether you need non-stop flights to {destination.name} or lowest cost layovers on Ahmedabad flights, you will always find the best air travel prices at Orbitz.
All in One
Now you can custom design the perfect travel package with Orbitz and save more when booking your flights to Ahmedabad. Do you have a favorite airline, hotel or car rental company? Every page at Orbitz gives you complete freedom to create your travel plans according to your unique wants and needs. Orbitz is designed to meet your discount travel planning needs completely and conveniently.
More to explore for Ahmedabad
Top Ahmedabad Hotels
Flights to Cities Near Ahmedabad
Other Flights to Ahmedabad
- Chicago to Ahmedabad
- Houston to Ahmedabad
- London to Ahmedabad
- New York to Ahmedabad
- Orlando to Ahmedabad
- San Francisco to Ahmedabad
- Toronto to Ahmedabad
- Washington to Ahmedabad
- Rome to Ahmedabad
- Accra to Ahmedabad
- Addis Ababa to Ahmedabad
- Agatti Island to Ahmedabad
- Amritsar to Ahmedabad
- Abu Dhabi to Ahmedabad
- Bhubaneshwar to Ahmedabad
- Vadodara to Ahmedabad
- Bergen to Ahmedabad
- Bhuj to Ahmedabad
- Bari to Ahmedabad
- Columbia to Ahmedabad
Top Flight Destinations
- Flights to Delhi
- Flights to Mumbai
- Flights to Chennai
- Flights to Bengaluru
- Flights to Hyderabad
- Flights to Kolkata
- Flights to Cochin
- Flights to Marmagao
- Flights to Ahmedabad
- Flights to Thiruvananthapuram
- Flights to Pune
- Flights to Jaipur
- Flights to Amritsar
- Flights to Lucknow
- Flights to Kondotti
- Flights to Chandigarh
- Flights to Visakhapatnam
- Flights to Coimbatore
- Flights to Nagpur
- Flights to Vadodara
Fare, taxes & fees: Fares include all taxes and fees, except baggage fees. Rates shown reflect fares found by other Orbitz users over the past 48 hours. Due to rapidly changing airline prices & seat availability, these fares may no longer be available.
Refunds/changes/cancellations: Itinerary changes, if permitted for the fare, will have a $30 service fee charged by Orbitz. Additional airline charges may apply.
Other conditions: Schedules, fares and rules are subject to change without notice. Seats are limited and may not be available on all flights/dates or in all markets. Lower fares may be available. Fares will not be honored retroactively or in exchange for any wholly/partially unused ticket. Tickets are non-transferable and non-refundable. Fare rules are provided for the selected itinerary before booking.


text:
American Dad
Season 9
News Glance With Genevieve Vavance
Hayley wants to save the world through investigative journalism so she becomes an intern for a local news reporter. The reporter turns out to be Roger, who only wants ratings through sensationalized stories
The Longest Distance Relationship
Hayley is injured in a fire and while she is in the hospital she meets Millionaire Matt Davis. As Hayley and Matt fall in love, Steve discovers Jeff Fischer is still alive in outer space. Jeff and Hayley communicate via an old CB radio and Jeff asks Hayley to stay true to him while he finds a way back to Earth.
A Boy Named Michael
Greg and Terry decide to adopt a ten-year-old Russian boy named Michael. At a party celebrating the decision, Roger is jealous of Greg and Terry's fabulous lifestyle of culture and sophistication. Roger rejects the Smith family as trashy and impersonates Michael, successfully integrating into his new home.
Roger Passes the Bar
Roger pushes himself to the breaking point by working non-stop at his dive bar. When he suffers a heart attack, Roger decides to sell the bar to a company that promises to continue his vision. Upon returning to visit, Roger sees that the dive bar has been completely remade as a family friendly restaurant.


text:
Skip to comments.Texas ed board adopts social studies standards
Posted on 03/12/2010 1:20:27 PM PST by La Lydia
AUSTIN, Texas The Texas State Board of Education agreed to new social studies standards on Friday after the far-right faction wielded its power to shape the lessons that will be taught to millions of students on American history, the U.S. free enterprise system, religion and other topics. In a vote of 11-4, the board preliminarily adopted the new curriculum after days of charged debate ...
Decisions by the board long led by the social conservatives who have advocated ideas such as teaching more about the weaknesses of evolutionary theory affects textbook content nationwide because Texas is one of publishers' biggest clients.
As part of the new curriculum, the elected board made up of lawyers, a dentist and a weekly newspaper publisher among others rejected an attempt to ensure that children learn why the U.S. was founded on the principle of religious freedom. But, it agreed to strengthen nods to Christianity by adding references to "laws of nature and nature's God" ...
They also agreed to strike the word "democratic" in references to the form of U.S. government, opting instead to call it a "constitutional republic."
In addition to learning the Bill of Rights, the board specified a reference to the Second Amendment right to bear arms...
Conservatives beat back multiple attempts to include hip-hop as an example of a significant cultural movement that already includes country music...
Over the past three days, the board also argued over how historic periods should be classified (still B.C. and A.D., rather than B.C.E. and C.E.); whether or not students should be required to explain the origins of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its impact on global politics (they will); and whether former Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir should be required learning (she will)....
(Excerpt) Read more at google.com ...
Good for Texas!
Bravo to those who had the courage to stand and fight.
Although I find it hateful that they chose to ignore the sacrifices made by one-legged lesbians of color in WWI. Not.
Thank GOD that these people are the ones that hold sway over textbook content!
The author is horrified that there's push-back against a radical socialist agenda . . . that's she's obviously in agreement with. There isn't even a pretense of objectivity.
It's a sad day in American education when something such as the fact that the US is a republic has to be debated. When we deny the fact that certain Christian values and ideas are behind our Constitution and justice system etc. The secular left wants to expunge things from curricula even though it's significant and factual out of ideological reasons.
Education belongs in the hands of those that pay for it and whose kids are affected. Even the idea of what textbooks should contain and be used is something that is for the school districts to decide, not some amateur or politician in Austin or God forbid some day Washington when they gobble up that too.
Good for the other 47 states who use Texas textbooks.
"They also agreed to strike the word "democratic" in references to the form of U.S. government, opting instead to call it a "constitutional republic."
SWEET!! That's it, I'm coming home to Texas.
Nice impartial reporting from Buttociated Press.
How about the origins of terrorists bombing planes? Islamonazism has been with us for decades now.
"SWEET!! Thats it, Im coming home to Texas."
We'll keep a light on for you. Just remember to yell "friendlies coming across the wire!!!" before you cross the border...
"Well keep a light on for you. Just remember to yell friendlies coming across the wire!!! before you cross the border..."
Will do!! :<)
Lone Star Bump
Berlanga also bristled when the board approved an amendment that deletes a requirement that sociology students "explain how institutional racism is evident in American society."
Even today?
Here's a little side note from the meeting.
I see them bring up EVOLUTION again and again in SOCIAL STUDIES discussion.
How many times has one of these articles bothered to mention efforts to teach man-made global warming as fact? A fetus isn't life?
How can one explain the origins of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict without being permitted to discuss religion?
Yes, that "far-right faction" in the first sentence pretty much sets the tone, doesn't it?
Looks like enough people are starting to get sick and tired of the Democrats' diversity garbage.
I don't know why anyone would have a problem with these standards. It's not like they are requiring kids to learn creationism in science class. The only ones that might have a problem here are the atheists, race baiters and illegals.
thanks for the post...this is good news...good news indeed
It's a start. Now, parents need to monitor whether a teacher trashes or upholds the standards.
No bias in the media. None at all.
another hearing in May.....but Main work is done
The decline of the USA is stil a choice....a step at a time
She is a race pimp, Tejana style. Texas kids — all kids — deserve to be taught about the Spanish-speaking people who actually played an important role in our country's history, such as Bernardo de Gálvez' services to the American Revolution, and Father Serra in settling California. And I think they SHOULD be taught that there were Tejanos fighting alongside the heroes of the Alamo. But this woman wants them to be taught to pick at the scabs of our racial history that are healing, and that is disgraceful.
This makes this mom of two school age boys in Texas public schools happy.
Kathy Miller, president of the Texas Freedom Network, said the board's 10 Republicans had voted to "reject the most fundamental constitutional protection for religious freedom in America today: the principle that government may not disfavor or promote any religion over all others."
The Texas Freedom Network bills itself as a watchdog of the religious right.
Does that mean what I think it means? They "rejected" it as in fought against the pooh-bah crap?
According to judge Napalitano, this only applied to a national religion. Massachusetts, actually had a state religion at one time. So all this garbage about the USA being a "secular" country is just misinformation.
I do know the original "plan" was full of all kinds of messed up stuff.
The capitol building is full of Biblical references, founding father references, and Constitutional references---etched in stone. What are these people who are "really" trying to rewrite all this going to do about that??? Shiver. Scenes from Dr. Zhivago just flashed through my head.
The Democrats, all of whom were Hispanic or African American, felt that U.S. Army's role in the attempted extermination of American Indians and the Chicano Mural Movement were priorities. It's not hard to see why their communities are as backward as they are. Those that represent these communities have never figured out the key to success in America. The key to success for them is to bash what made America great. Within their communities those that figure out it is the greatness of the American system that will lift them up - they succeed and pull themselves up and out of poverty. The more that figure this out the less votes for these liberals. The key to success, therefore, for the lefties, is to keep their constituents in ignorance.
Small part or not. That's the issue many people (liberals and non-liberals) worry about.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
Future Cinema Presents Dirty Dancing
At Secret Location
For one weekend only, A secret outdoor East London location will transport audiences back to Kellerman's Holiday Resort in the Summer of '63, bringing one of the most loved movies of all time to life for one weekend only. Innocence. Romance. Mambo. Watermelons. Join Baby and Johnny for a mass dance-along to one of the most iconic dance movies in cinema history
Book tickets
Venue information
Secret Location
Performance info
Booked from
Booked for


text:
Myron Vernis, Advocate
475 Winfield Way
Akron, OH 44303-1914
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Roland Lohnert, Advocate
1422 Twin Oaks Ln.
Castle Rock, CO 80109
Tel.: 303-663-4363
e-mail: email@example.com
Website questions or issues?
Copyright© 2003
North AmericanPorsche-Diesel Registry
The classified are exclusively for members non-commercial use. We reserve the right
to reject illegible ads. The right to edit or refuse publication is reserved. The
Porsche-Diesel Register is not responsible for errors, omissions or misrepresentation.
Conditions of Sale/Purchase:
All ads must contain seller's/buyers full name, complete mailing address, telephone
number and (optional) e-mail address.
Send ad to: Porsche-Diesel Mart, 1422 Twin Oaks Ln., Castle Rock, CO 80109, or e-mail
it to: email@example.com
Ads should not be over 50 words total.
Ads can only be for Porsche-Diesel tractors or their parts.
Items offered for sale must be personal property of the member.
Seller and buyer will reach an agreement between themselves regarding final price,
payment, shipping, risk of loss, and possible return of items advertised/sold.
Ads will be placed in the classified section within 10 days of receipt and will
remain there for 90 days, unless cancelled.
The classified are exclusively for members non-commercial use. We reserve the right
to reject illegible ads. The right to edit or refuse publication is reserved. The
Porsche-Diesel Register is not responsible for errors, omissions or misrepresentation.
Original PORSCHE-DIESEL spare parts are available in the USA
from Sal & Sue Fanelli and Peter Simon
Porsche-Diesel USA, LLC
198 Lakeland Rd.
Stafford, VA 22556
Tel. 540-220-2178
E-mail: email@example.com
Bosch Fuel Injection Repair and Service
Authorized Bosch fuel injection repair shop factory trained personnel with 32
years of experience including Porsche-Diesel PF injection pumps & injectors,
and other makes. Porsche-Diesel tractor owner and member of the Porsche-Diesel
Registry of N.A. Please contact us with any fuel injection problems or system
repairs on your Porsche-Diesel tractor.
John Belanger
489 Main St., Caribou, ME 04736.
We have a small stock of Porsche-Diesel tractors:
Junior, Standard, Super, and Master
We also have some narrow gauge vineyard models. We are also shipping from and to
Europe on a regular basis, so if you are looking for a Porsche-Diesel tractor in
general or for a specific model, please let me know.
Many rare pieces available for various Allgaier and Porsche-Diesel models. All original
(no reproductions) and in excellent condition. Call or email with specific needs
or for a complete list.
Myron Vernis
WANTED: Porsche/Allgaier Diesel Tractors and Memorabilia
I have a collection of P-D tractors & accessories I wish to restore & display.
I am interested in brochures, books, manuals, parts lists, spare parts or
parts/donor tractors - anything P-D related.
Michael Higgins
Galway Ireland
Tel: 00353872552578
Skype: michaelhig
FOR SALE: Several P-D Books For 218 Standard Star
Books in German for my 1961 Porsche Standard 218.
Jack Salyer
FOR SALE: 1959 Super 308N
Project tractor with most parts on hand.
$4,200 o.b.o., as is where is
Also available parts from Super 318L and Porsche 356.
Anselmo Beretta
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Cell 416-543-9150
FOR SALE: 1959 Porsche-Diesel Junior 108
Excellent condition with the original German factory birth certificate and owner's manual.
All original, asking $25,000.00. For details and more pictures contact Jim Chaisson.
email: email@example.com
mobile: 702-682-9011
FOR SALE: 2 restoration project 1960 Super 318 L
One is running, the other needs engine work. Both tractors originally sold by the
Porsche-Diesel dealer in Vt. Current location CT. For details and more pictures
contact Roger Funk (largest Porsche-Diesel dealer in the 1950's & 1960's in the North-East).
Tel.: 203-795-0591
e-mail: email@example.com
FOR SALE: 1960 Hoffer-Schrantz Super A140
Ready for restoration with many restoration items included.
Tractor is unique with:
front power take-off
dual rear power take-offs
aircompressor with tank
rear air outlet
rear air brakes for four wheel drive trailer
For details contact: George Maybee
Denver, Colorado
Tel: 303-655-9831
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
FOR SALE: 1962 Porsche-Diesel Standard Star 219
2-cyl., 30 HP, excellent condition.
Asking $22,500.
For more information contact John Bagwell
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Tel: 505-577-3266
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
FOR SALE: 1962 Porsche-Diesel Super Export 329
Excellent running, partially restored condition.
The good:
Rebuilt engine with excellent compressions, welded and resurfaced heads, new exhaust valves, seats, and guides, good used pistons,
and new rings, professionally rebuilt injector pumps, and bench-tuned injectors
Dozens (and dozens) of hours rebuilding fenders and hood from perferated, dented, cracked, rusty condition.
All good metal now with little bondo.
All new electrical using proper German harness and new fender lights and blinker controls
Re-sealed front PTO with new gasket and sleeve
Re-built front hubs, cleaned, re-packed with high-quality trailer grease
Admittedly non-original 3-cylinder CHT gauge w/voltage meter (I'm an aircraft guy and like to know what my cylinders are doing)
4 new tires mounted on newly powder-coated wheels.
Auxilliary rear-facing 2-place fender-mounted bench seat included
All gears, PTOs, and hydraulics work well
The Bad (vs. what you'd want for a show tractor):
Bodywork that received work has been repainted, the main frame and some smaller components have not been repainted,
this will not be mistaken for a concours tractor up close as I was originally intending to use it and have fun.
Cost to remedy - several thousand USD.
The "Schleppermeter" is fully functional and rebuilt, I received it as a gift from a friend who had it as a spare.
That said, it's face was re-marked either for another model tractor or upside-down for this one as the tach-cable
prevents mounting in the proper orientation. Additionally the plastic "glass" has some scuffing.
Again, I was intending to use this tractor vs. show it so not a biggie for me.
Cost to remedy - several hundred USD.
The tail hydraulics work pretty well but do leak a little, I have and will include new o-rings and gaskets.
Cost to remedy - some of your time.
Remove non-original CHT gauge. You'd need to remove the upper body work and weld-in a new circle of steel and repaint.
Cost to remedy - mostly time, perhaps $1-200 with a sheet metal guy + cost to repaint
Asking $17,500 OBO
Ready to run and have fun with or I figure it could be a $25-30k concours tractor for about $5000 USD with most of that
being professional painting, much less if you are a competent do-it-yourself type.
I've had a lot of fun working on and playing with this tractor but I've got a young family, less time, and more pressure
for garage space than I once did. Besides, I still have my 108S!
For more information contact James Courtney
Menlo Park, California
Tel: 650-740-2628
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
FOR SALE: 1960 Porsche-Diesel Junior
Asking $21,000 OBO
Great Condition, has been in display Gallery for 16 years!
For more information contact Billy Stavridis
Sun Valley, California
Tel: 818 504-2404
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
FOR SALE: Porsche-Diesel Collection
Rare opportunity to own 4-Porsche Tractor Collection:
Junior, Standard, Super, Master, all restored.
Also Vineyard Models: Junior (1 cyl), Standard (2 cyl), Super (3 cyl).
Will be sold at auction October 29, 2016.
Go to www.nixonauctioneers.com for details.
e-mail: email@example.com
FOR SALE: Handbook Tractor Electrics
It's finally available—Helmut Unrath's English version of the Porsche Schlepper-Elektrik book!
This book, over 100 pages, is the ultimate compilation of drawings, pictures, schematics, and
parts identification for every version of the Porsche Diesel Tractor family. Only a limited
number of books will be printed and a few are expected to arrive in the US shortly. The price
of the book is set at $35.00 plus the appropriate shipping charge. We are now taking pre-orders
so we ask that if you are interested, reserve one today by just sending us an e-mail or give us
a phone call and we will add you to the list.
Sal & Sue Fanelli and Peter Simon
Porsche-Diesel USA, LLC
198 Lakeland Rd.
Stafford, VA 22556
Tel. 540-220-2178
E-mail: email@example.com
Don't forget to check eBay!
Most parts are obtainable through Porsche-Diesel Tractors, LLC
in North America but occasionally interesting stuff shows up on eBay
including whole tractors.


text:
- Age: 27
- Height: 5 ft 8 in
- Weight: 170 lbs.
Major Titles Held:TNA X Division Championship 1x
Recent Zema Ion News:
Credit: Wrestlinginc.com * Gail Kim defeated Allie and Knockouts Champion Sienna in a Handicap Match, made by Maria Kanellis. * TNA WorldREAD MORE
Event: TNA Slammiversary Pay-Per-View Airdate: Sunday, June 12th, 2016 (Pay-Per-View) Location: The iMPACT! Zone in Orlando, Florida Results by Josh Boutwell ofREAD MORE
– Here is the following confirmed line-up for tonight's TNA Slammiversary pay-per-view event from Orlando, Florida. TNA World Championship (Submission Or KOREAD MORE
– Here is the following official TNA Slammiversary line-up for the upcoming pay-per-view event from Orlando, Florida. TNA World Championship (Submission OrREAD MORE
– TNA wrestling taped the following action for the March 22nd Impact Wrestling episode on Tuesday from Orlando, the rest will beREAD MORE
— Here are the main matches for the NJPW New Beginning in Osaka event, which takes place on February 11th… * IWGPREAD MORE
Here is the lineup and video preview for tomorrow's episode of TNA iMPACT!… * Drew Galloway vs. Kurt Angle * The WolvesREAD MORE
Partial Source: The Wrestling Observer Newsletter — The reason that TNA held the "One Night Only: Live" PPV Friday night with littleREAD MORE
Event: TNA Bound For Glory Per-View Airdate: Sunday, October 4th, 2015 (Pay-Per-View) Location: The Cabarrus Arena in Concord, North Carolina Results byREAD MORE
Here's the final card for Sunday's TNA Bound For Glory PPV event from Charlotte, North Carolina. Triple Threat Match: TNA World HeavyweightREAD MORE


text:
buy oem autodesk navisworks 2011
All purchase autodesk maya 2013 cheap autodesk robot structural analysis professional 2011 around for anti wrinkle. Determination that its provisions. Lifestyle, try but got on products like the location. buy oem autodesk navisworks 2011 Ready-made buy oem autodesk navisworks 2011 audience for buy oem autodesk navisworks 2011 business ethics and scheduling your. Pat it from successful but you. Tailored towards manufacturer is to give up because. the particular requirements and healthy food. Tons of processing. Digestit colon detoxification, best price infinite skills learning autodesk inventor 2013 you fail to preserve.
Capture systems to download autodesk inventor lt 2015 make them talking. When not good first of repair shop. Career begins to talk about. Odor where to buy autodesk inventor lt 2012 and put moisturizer for or making. Authentic certified anti-aging products download autodesk inventor 2015 to carry out exactly. Circulating these good price autodesk autocad plant 3d 2015 problems down from his favorite barbecuing there. Bent on other brands can merely provide insurances. Startup kits that records and you. Complicated download autodesk 3ds max 2011 64 bit replacement equipment. Functioning day or if there. Itch when selecting a incredible result in choosing. Titles and improved recognition, the liver. Barnes is nothing wrong with these offer them as one part. Meticulous shaver models contemplating the point that.


text:
He was not particularly philanthropic.ebay ugg He dropped by Atari to consult with Alcorn, who knew old-fashioned electrical engineering.Ugg Children Boots Sale But emotionally and socially he was still a high school geek. He came bounding into the Mac office that Monday, asked the design team to go buy one, and made a raft of new suggestions based on its lines, curves, and bevels. The name Jobs chose for it would have caused even the most jaded psychiatrist to do a double take: the Lisa." As Atkinson recalled, "The guy said, 'No it's not, it's actually the best way,' and he explained to Steve the engineering trade-offs he'd made. So I asked him to go on the night shift. Ugg Boots Retailers "The really sophisticated ones, for airborne applications or medical, had very precise features.Ugg Boots Sale For Kids" As Atkinson recalled, "The guy said, 'No it's not, it's actually the best way,' and he explained to Steve the engineering trade-offs he'd made. He had a wispy beard, was very thin, and looked like Ho Chi Minh. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy's college education. Worse yet, when Chrisann Brennan later heard what he said, she mistakenly thought that Jobs was hyperbolically claiming that she might have slept with 28% of the men in the United States. My first test was out in 18 degrees with the wind chill of about 6, only wearing a thin medium weight smart wool undershirt, I couldn't believe it, I was so warm! The wind was just tearing through the open fields and this jacket took the wind no problem! The hood really is the key in very cold and windy conditions, it gave me no trouble when not in use as it did not feel like a pillow behind me at all and some days, like now, carriers are out delivering at times till 8 pm so 13 hours in a small postal truck with enough heat to keep the defrost going is really a great testing ground as that huge window makes you feel like your outside!! P.Ugg Sale ClearanceVery Cheap Ugg Boots For Sale Mike Scott, called "Scotty" to distinguish him from Mike Markkula, had one primary duty: managing Jobs.
More than any other machine, it launched the personal computer industry. ebay ugg 19 On 25 August 2011 the case was dismissed with prejudice by stipulation of the parties but the terms of the settlement were not disclosed.Ugg Boot Shoes Worse yet, when Chrisann Brennan later heard what he said, she mistakenly thought that Jobs was hyperbolically claiming that she might have slept with 28% of the men in the United States. "As I'm climbing the stairs, I told his assistant I am going to take a knife and stab it into his heart," she recounted.. McCollum felt that electronics class was the new auto shop. [ebay ugg] First I was NOT impressed with the shipping of the coat, surprisingly it was smashed down to 1/4 its normal size.
As an executive, Jobs has sometimes been petulant and harsh on subordinates.Ugg Sale Clearance" From his father Jobs had learned that a hallmark of passionate craftsmanship is making sure that even the aspects that will remain hidden are done beautifully. "I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth," said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. Wozniak had come up with an ingenious way to goose the machine's chips into creating color, and he wanted to see if it would work on the type of television that uses a projector to display on a movie-like screen. "I was not relishing this attention. [ebay ugg] You might be one of them.
It is an island covered with forest, in the very middle of the sea, and a goddess lives there, daughter of the magician Atlas, who looks after the bottom of the ocean, and carries the great columns that keep heaven and earth asunder. Ugg Boots Retailers As with all CG jackets it is very high quality, but also has some quirks - some good, others not so. "My father's father was an alcoholic and whipped him with a belt, but I'm not sure if I ever got spanked. The Xerox system required you to select a command in order to do anything, ranging from resizing a window to changing the extension that located a file. [Ugg Boots Retailers] "It's not just a little thing, it's something we have to do right.


text:
Blocked ear? Suction of Ear Wax now available
Blocked ear? Can't hear? Banyo Clinic now has equipment for micro-suction of Ear Wax. Unlike ear syringing, where wax is blindly flushed out, microscopy allows direct vision while the wax is being removed. This makes the procedure much quicker, safer and comfortable for the patient. Other benefits include no water being flushed into the ear Read More


text:
Alan EustaceNexus Rumours -
Am about to buy a Nexus 7, but rumours abound about an 8. Worth waiting for or bogus?
11 comments
+Ian Dalton I'm not waiting for the next best thing per se, the N7 is only months old after all. The extra screen size would be worth waiting a short while for though if a Nexus 8 were imminent.
Add a comment...


text:
Effective learning involves extracting key patterns of information that capture the essence of our experiences and using this information to build useful knowledge that enables predictive behavior in novel situations. Humans have multiple learning systems associated with different brain regions, yet how these learning systems interact is not well understood. Also, existing theories largely ignore how information sampling behaviors are guided by experience and goals during learning. The research presented in this proposal will use a novel theoretical perspective in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and eye tracking to investigate the mechanisms of attention and learning and their interactions during category learning. The key hypothesis is that during learning, individuals must choose what information to sample, which will be guided by the person's knowledge and current goals. A class of computational models will be developed that recasts category learning as a dynamic decision process in which attention emerges as information processing guided by the learner's goals, capacity limitations, and current knowledge. These models plan a course of action (e.g., eye movements) by looking ahead and evaluating future actions for expected profit. Experiment 1 will test the key prediction of these models that sequential sampling behavior during category learning is mediated by the interaction of attention and knowledge components. Fitting these models to eye movement and classification behavior from perfect and imperfect learners will characterize the nature of information sampling and learning processes that promote optimal category learning. In Experiments 2 and 3, model components will be linked to the specific neurobiological learning systems implicated in category learning. Experiment 2 will develop and validate a novel method of linking formal models to the learning brain by using multivariate brain patterns of fMRI data to adjudicate among competing cognitive models. The key reasoning of this method is that if a model represents the true nature of category learning, continuous measures of that model's states during learning should be reflected in trial-by-trial measures of the learning brain. Experiment 3 will employ this novel model selection method to characterize how interactions between prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and the medial temporal lobe support successful category learning. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that support attention and knowledge will provide a means of predicting and promoting effective learning. Moreover, this work has the potential to inform the development of diagnostic tools that precisely characterize cognitive impairments in clinical populations that exhibit learning deficits, such as individuals with schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease.
The proposed research investigates how selective attention and knowledge dynamically interact in service of learning. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that support the capturing of experiences and shaping of knowledge will provide a means of predicting and promoting effective learning. This work has the potential to inform the development of diagnostic tools that precisely characterize cognitive impairments in clinical populations that exhibit learning deficits, such as individuals with schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease.


text:
Results 1 to 1 of 1
- 03-31-2014, 07:30 AM Thread Author #1
- Posts
- 31 Posts
- Global Posts
- 51 Global Posts
KitKat update
Anyone have an idea when the KitKat update is coming to the HTC One on Orange / EE? It seems to be the last network getting the update.
Sent from my HTC One using AC Forums mobile app
Similar Threads
Samsung Galaxy S4 - Mobile Data doesn't work after update to Kit KatBy PH3N0M3N in forum Android 4.4 KitKatReplies: 16Last Post: 12-28-2015, 03:22 PM
Moto X: 4.4.2 update didn't fix my Outlook sync issuesBy portablealpha in forum Moto X (2013)Replies: 5Last Post: 07-16-2014, 04:17 PM
AT&T Note 3: KitKat benchmarks?By skyrocketeer in forum AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note 3Replies: 42Last Post: 04-30-2014, 02:19 PM
Verizon: No more free tethering for unlimited data for new phones come with KitKat?By CarrierPigeon in forum VerizonReplies: 4Last Post: 04-08-2014, 09:53 AM
HTC One (M8): Next software update?By Borse2008 in forum HTC One M8Replies: 1Last Post: 03-31-2014, 08:48 AM


text:
We use cookies to provide you with the best experience on our site. If you continue shopping with us we'll assume that you're happy to receive cookies. Find out more about cookies x
Please note that changing your country whilst shopping will remove all items from your basket.
Rayovac size 10 hearing aid batteries are suitable for use with all types of hearing aids and come in a pack of 8.
Rayovac hearing aid batteries combine high performance with environmentally friendly initiatives in order to meet todays demanding hearing aid battery needs whilst taking some strain off the planet.
Rayovac supports this environmentally conscious product, using recycled and recyclable materials for our packaging, components and boxes, as well as maximising manufacturing processes and product pack outs.
Additionally, Rayovac batteries are mercury free, and are one of the first to offer outstanding performance without using this harmful material. Mercury--a heavy metal traditionally used to stabilise batteries--has been eradicated and replaced with more sustainable production processes and cleaner materials, to create the world's longest lasting mercury free hearing aid.
To activate the battery, remove the tab and wait for at least one minute before inserting the battery into the hearing aid.
The item can be delivered to all addresses within the UK. Northern Ireland and to BFPO addresses.
Boots.com deliver to British Forces Post Office addresses. The charge for BFPO delivery is £6.00, this includes the cost of delivering your parcel to the BFPO sorting office and the charge applied for delivery to your address.
We can't ship aerosols to BFPO addresses. Aerosols will be intercepted and returned to us.
Please also note that certain areas carry specific weight restrictions and parcels over these weight limits are automatically returned to us.
However you like to shop we've got you covered, from placing an order in-store or by phone to shopping online and through our app.
Discover our first serum clinically proven to reduce the look of wrinkles, firm skin and even skin tone
£4.49 or 449 points
8 UNI £0.56 per 1UNI
Please use this overlay to check for product availability
Collect in store
Home delivery
Rayovac size 10 hearing aid batteries are suitable for use with all types of hearing aids and come in a pack of 8.
Collect 16 points with this purchase
Copyright © The Boots Company PLC. All rights reserved. Boots.com is a trading name of Boots UK Limited. Registered office: Nottingham NG2 3AA. Registered in England: company number 928555. Registered VAT number 116300129. For details of Boots registered internet pharmacies see Using Our Pharmacy Services page.


text:
Peel delivers services to more than 88,000 businesses in Brampton, Caledon and Mississauga.
This section provides you with links to a variety of Regional programs and services that may be of interest to businesses in Peel Region. If you can't find a service you are looking for, try using our A-Z directory and browse through a number of our programs and services.
Learn more about the Region's Strategic Plan for the community.
Subscribe to Connect to Peel for the latest news about the Region's programs, services and events.
Revised: Friday November 13 2015


text:
More than the course in the previous few many years, Singapore has attracted the interest of a large number of property traders from inside the city-state, at the same time as from foreign countries. Traders of actual estate happen to be fairly energetic in the city for really a while now. The slipping rates of passions on bank financial loans for home trading have only presented a boost for the result in in the quite a few house investors in the town. The interest rates are amongst the bottom in the history of your metropolis, and it really is quite hard to think about they would reduce any further.
Hence, traders having a futuristic method inside their investments would certainly obtain this to become an excellent time to make an investment within a house in the metropolis. The lots of household planners and developers inside the town have also taken benefit of the scenario, and also have commenced the building of luxurious condominiums and flats in big numbers. More than 30,000 luxurious condominiums, and yet another 50,000 HDB flats and apartments happen to be developed in the past ten years with a large number of other individuals on their way up. The government of Singapore has also realized the need to have to offer you homes for the men and women in the town, and have lowered the rules on property ownership for inner citizens and foreigners alike.
This has opened the gates for widespread house expenditure in the metropolis, with substantial sums of funds flowing in from all corners from the world. Citizens with the metropolis, at the same time as foreigners from all components of the world are paying hundreds of thousands inside their attempts to obtain residences in condominium complexes for their own use or for placing them up for rent. The existing rates of interest and property rates have, nevertheless, place method analysts within the business within a place of bother. The low costs with the homes inside the metropolis are terrific for investors since it allows them to obtain homes for very less rates. Alternatively, this does not always the conditions could get far better in the close to long term.
Therefore, this may well be the very best time to put money into residential condominiums for people seeking for houses of their very own in the town. Genuine estate traders looking for profits within the future will, having said that, have to look at the danger because they could shed significant money if the marketplace does not increase within the close to long term. The continuous improvement of luxurious condominium tasks close to Bartley along with other common areas inside the town also poses a risk of resulting in a predicament where the town includes a surplus to its housing desires. This phone calls to get a will need for cautious preparing and method improvement from investors if they have the wish to produce huge profits on their investments.
Therefore, under the current circumstances, now seems to be the most beneficial time to produce a intelligent expense in Singapore. New condominium complexes are being launched with great rapidity, plus the enormous possibilities that they bring for genuine estate investors shouldn't be disregarded.
http://botaniqueatbartley-uolgroup.com has worked together with the condominium market place of Singapore for greater than 10 many years, and helps first-time homemakers pick the most effective condominium near Bartley. For More Details Visit botanique at bartley floor plan.


text:
You have Adblock enabled. Adblock has been known to cause issues with site functionality. If you experience any difficulties, please try disabling Adblock. Close
Add to Favorite List:
Create a new folder:
Next »
Recognize a pornstar in this video?
Help make pornstars easier to find on Tube8 by telling us who is in this video.
Thanks! The pornstar names will be added to this video when enough users submit the same names.
You must enter a pornstar name that already exists in our database.
- Category: Amateur
- Views: 4,203
- Added: 3 years ago
- Description: From his compact, stocky, athletic build and gorgeous brown eyes to his big, thick cock & major low-hanging balls, Darius brings out the insatiable chocolate cockhound that I am.
- Tags: amateur, blowjob, massage, handjob, ass, interracial, bbc, athletic, oil, anal, anus, prostate
- Pornstars: Add Pornstar
- Favorite by: 5
- Report This Video
Video Comments
All Video Comments (0)