text:
Brief Summary
History in the United States
Comprehensive Description
Vinca minor L., common periwinkle, is a perennial evergreen ground cover that is winter hardy. It is closely related to the big leaf periwinkle (V. major L.), except in size and hardiness. Common periwinkle seldom exceeds a height of 6 inches although runners may trail long distances on the ground. The runners root at the node under moist conditions. The thick glossy leaves form a good ground cover. Small blue flowers occur indeterminately from April to September.
Bigleaf periwinkle is native to Mediterranean Europe [1,4], Asia Minor [1], and northern Africa (review by [10]). Common periwinkle is native across all of continental Europe as far north as the Baltic States [86]. Both bigleaf [51,55,92,107] and common [29,42,50,55,97,100,103,117] periwinkle are frequently planted in North America and escape from cultivation. Periwinkles may also spread with the dumping of yard waste ([17,37], review by [10]). A review of 19th-century floras documented periwinkles in the United States by the late 1700s [112].
In the United States, bigleaf periwinkle has a U-shaped distribution from New York and Massachusetts in the east, south to Georgia, west to California, and north to Washington. Exceptions to this distributional pattern include Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, West Virginia, Florida, Oklahoma, and Nevada. Bigleaf periwinkle does not occur in the majority of the states in the Northern Great Plains or Northern and Central Rockies. Common periwinkle occurs in every state in the eastern United States from Minnesota south to Louisiana. It is discontinuously distributed in the western United States, occurring in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Arizona, Utah, Oregon, Washington, and Montana. The Plants Database provides a map of bigleaf and common periwinkle distributions in North America.
Distribution and Habitat in the United States
Range and Habitat in Illinois
National Distribution
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
Physical Description
More info for the terms: caudex, coma, cover, vines
Botanical description: The following descriptions cover characteristics that may be relevant to fire ecology and are not meant for identification. Keys for identification are available (e.g., for bigleaf periwinkle: [29,42,51,78,113]; for common periwinkle: [29,42,78,97,113]).
|Periwinkles are vines [42,113] with scrambling or trailing stolons up to 3 feet (1 m) long and vertical stems 1 foot (30 cm) high [72]. The succulent stems become somewhat woody at the caudex [72]. Bigleaf periwinkle leaves are semievergreen [78], have a waxy cuticle [10], and are heart-shaped to triangular. They are 1.5 to 2.5 inches (4 to 6 cm) long [72]. Common periwinkle leaves are evergreen [113], narrow, elliptic, and 0.8 to 1.8 inches (2 to 4.5 cm) long [72].
Periwinkle flowers are violet to blue-lavender, with 5 petals radiating pinwheel-like at right angles from floral a tube. Flowers are infrequently white. The flowers of bigleaf periwinkle are larger than those of common periwinkle [72].
Periwinkle fruits are slender, cylindrical follicles up to 2 inches (5 cm) long [72]. Follicles dry, split, and release 3 to 5 seeds (review by [72]). Periwinkle seeds are naked and without a coma [29].
Periwinkles are "fairly deep-rooted" (review by [79]). Common periwinkle plants in western Montana exhibited fibrous roots ranging from 1 to 3 inches (3-8 cm) long [96]. Further descriptions of roots were unavailable as of 2009.
Description and Biology
- Plant: vine-like erect or trailing groundcover; mostly evergreen; stems slender.
- Leaves: opposite, dark green, glossy, oval to lance-shaped, thick-textured; may be variegated.
- Flowers, fruits and seeds: flower blue, lavender or white, about 1 in. across, five petals blunt at tip, arranged in spiral; springtime; no fruits or seeds typically.
- Spreads: vegetatively through rhizomes.
- Look-alikes: may be confused with several close relatives of this plant, including bigleaf periwinkle (Vinca major), imported from Europe, and Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), native only to Madagascar, both also invasive in natural areas in the mid-Atlantic and other parts of the United States; and winter creeper (Euonymus fortunei).
Habitat characteristics
General site types: Bigleaf periwinkle occurs in riparian areas ([6,21,29,33,34,49,71,112], reviews by [81,111]), forests ([29], reviews by [72,111]), grasslands, and coastal dunes (review by [111]). Bigleaf periwinkle is also associated with sites linked to human activities, including old homesites ([74,78,94], review by [72]), gardens [55], roadsides [55,92], "waste" areas ([55,78], review by [72]), and other highly disturbed areas [55].
Common periwinkle occurs in forests or "wooded" areas [29,37,45,57,60,78], including both open ([42,100,115], review by [72]) and closed ([53], reviews by [72,81]) forest. Common periwinkle also occurs along forest edges ([37], review by [25]), within second-growth forest [32], and in fields or meadows [77,78,90]. Common periwinkle is found along roadsides [3,18,42,47,48,78,94,97,100,115] or trail edges [47], at homesites ([12,35,50,74,84,85,94,103], review by [72]), in gardens [55] or yards [94], cemeteries [57,97], "waste" places [3,55,78,115], and in other disturbed sites [8,55,101,117]. At an "ancient" archeological site in the oak-beech forest region of France, common periwinkle was most abundant in disturbed areas including abandoned homesites, enclosures, and agricultural terraces, but was also found to a lesser extent in areas that showed no archeological evidence of human disturbance [35].
Elevation: Periwinkles occur at a range of elevations from sea level to 7,500 feet (2,300 m).
|Elevation for sites with periwinkles in their nonnative ranges
|Elevation (feet)
|Bigleaf periwinkle
|7 to 650 [49]
|North Carolina
|5 [92]
|5,000 [113]
|Common periwinkle
|0 [24]
|7,500 [113]
|West Virginia
|1,200 to 2,500 [9,18]
Climate: In their nonnative ranges, periwinkles do best in mild climates [4,99]. Few authors report climate data for sites with periwinkles; therefore, the climate data presented here may not represent climatic conditions throughout the nonnative ranges of periwinkles. Both species occur near Washington, DC, where the average daily temperature is 55.0 °F (12.8 °C) [94]. In Arkansas, periwinkles occur in an area with hot summers and moderately cool winters; only 4 days/year have snowfall >1.0 inch (2.5 cm). The first and last frosts in this region occur in early April and late October, respectively [55]. Bigleaf periwinkle occurs in the Huachuca Mountains, where mean daily temperatures are 79 °F (26 °C) in July and 48 °F (9 °C) in January [83]. Common periwinkle occurs on sites with mean daily temperatures in January as low as -7.8 °F (-22.1 °C) in New York [93], and in July as high as 82.2 °F (27.9 °C) in southwestern Georgia [100].
Annual rainfall is variable across the nonnative ranges of periwinkles.
|Average annual rainfall for sites with periwinkles in their nonnative ranges
|Annual rainfall (mm)
|Both species
|1,080 [55]
|Washington, DC
|1,114 [94]
|Bigleaf periwinkle
|400 [83]
|North Carolina
|1,417 [92]
|Common periwinkle
|1,211 to 1,367 [100]
|963 [88]
|New York
|890 [93]
|West Virginia
|1,209 [18]
Periwinkles are somewhat drought tolerant; a review suggests that bigleaf periwinkle is more tolerant of drought than common periwinkle [79]. One review reports that hot, dry weather may cause bigleaf periwinkle death [7]. All bigleaf periwinkles in a greenhouse died after exposure to drying winds and intense heat (>100° F (38° C) for more than 10 days) [114]. Cold weather may damage bigleaf periwinkle (review by [7]), though one population in Ohio survived 2 of "the most severe winters of the past century, those of 1976 to 1977 and 1977 to 1978" [4].
Soils: Periwinkles are found on soils with a range of characteristics.
Parent material: Bigleaf periwinkle occurs on soils derived from granite, gneiss, or schist in Georgia [22]. In north-central Texas, it is associated with limestone [29].
Texture: In the Huachuca Mountains, bigleaf periwinkle occurs mainly on sandy-loam and sandy clay-loam riparian soils [83]. In its native range, common periwinkle is associated with soils of varying textures [35,44,53]. Common periwinkle occurs on silt loams in Ohio [58] and Illinois [88], clayey, loamy, and sandy soils in the Northeast [68], and rocky, sandy soil in Missouri [99].
Other soil characteristics: A review states that bigleaf periwinkle grows most vigorously in moist soil with only partial sun but may grow in deep shade with "poor" soil [7]. In Georgia, bigleaf periwinkle is associated with acidic clays [22]. Common periwinkle prefers moist sites [28,76,88], though it tolerates moderately well-drained soil [68]. While some sources suggest common periwinkle prefers fertile soil ([28], review by [25]), one source states that common periwinkle tolerates soils of low fertility [68]. In the oak-beech forest region of France, common periwinkle occurred on shallow soils ranging from 5.7 to 8.7 inches (14.4-22.1 cm) deep [35]. In its nonnative range, common periwinkle occurs on acid soils [18,68,88]. In France, common periwinkle occurred on soils with pH ranging from 6.7 to 7.2 [35].
Habitat & Distribution
Range and Habitat in Illinois
few, mostly central, mostly epiphyllous, immersed, black pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta vincae causes spots on live leaf of Vinca minor
Remarks: season: 3-5
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / feeds on
amphigenous, scattered, immersed, then erumpent, dimorphic conidioma of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph of Ceuthospora feurichii feeds on moribund leaf of Vinca minor
Remarks: season: 2-6
Foodplant / saprobe
amphigenous, scattered, abundant pycnidium of Macrophoma coelomycetous anamorph of Macrophoma vincae is saprobic on dead leaf of Vinca minor
Other: sole host/prey
Foodplant / saprobe
Phacidium vincae is saprobic on dead Vinca minor
Foodplant / saprobe
linear, in rows,covered then erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis lirella is saprobic on dead, dry stem of Vinca minor
Foodplant / parasite
Puccinia vincae parasitises live sterile, unnaturally erect of stem of Vinca minor
Other: unusual host/prey
General Ecology
Fuels and Fire Regimes
Fuels: As of this writing (2009), there was no information available regarding the flammability of periwinkles. Some evidence suggests that periwinkles may alter local fuel characteristics by changing community structure, litter dynamics, fuel arrangement, and understory temperatures. In Michigan, understory structure in a mixed-hardwood dune successional forest was changed when mats of common periwinkle replaced canopy tree seedlings and herbaceous understory plants [17]. Common periwinkle also greatly reduced the overall accumulation of leaf litter in this area (Bultman personal observation cited in [17]). In mature oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois, common periwinkle in the understory led to an increase in the amount of vegetated surface area [88]. Near Sydney, Australia, areas dominated by bigleaf periwinkle had significantly cooler temperatures than sites with little bigleaf periwinkle cover (P<0.01) [31]. The impact of these altered fuel characteristics likely varies based on departure from historical conditions and the dynamics of local FIRE REGIMES.
FIRE REGIMES: It is not known what type of fire regime periwinkles are best adapted to. In North America, periwinkles are found in plant communities that historically experienced long (e.g., northern hardwood, southern floodplain forests) and short (e.g., Appalachian oak-hickory-pine forests) fire-return intervals (see the Fire Regime Table). In many areas where periwinkles occur, historical FIRE REGIMES have been dramatically altered due to fire exclusion and massive disturbances associated with human settlement.
It is unclear how the presence of periwinkles may affect FIRE REGIMES in invaded communities. In ecosystems where periwinkles replace plants with similar fuel characteristics, they may alter fire intensity or slightly modify an existing fire regime. If periwinkle spread introduces novel fuel properties to the invaded ecosystem, fire behavior, and potentially fire regime, may be altered (see these citations: [14,26]). This topic warrants additional study.
See the Fire Regime Table for further information on FIRE REGIMES of vegetation communities in which periwinkles may occur.
Vegetative regeneration
Vegetative regeneration is very important to the establishment and spread of both bigleaf ([74,113], reviews by [81,111]) and common ([66,88], review by [81]) periwinkles. Bigleaf periwinkle spreads with "great rapidity" by arching stolons, which root at the tips (review by [7]). Periwinkles form mats and extensive infestations even under forest canopies ([32], review by [72]). Given their ability to spread with the dumping of yard waste ([17,37], review by [10]), it is likely that periwinkles establish from plant fragments.
Bigleaf periwinkle grows in patches around the bases of trees or spreads up and down drainages through vegetative spread (review by [7]). In Belgium, common periwinkle distribution was not significantly clumped within forest patches despite its inability to disperse long distances (P>0.05) [56]. See Impacts for more information about vegetative rate of spread in periwinkles.
Stolons and roots of common periwinkle.
Regeneration Processes
- Vegetative regeneration
- Pollination and breeding system
- Seed production
- Seed dispersal
- Seed banking
- Germination
- Seedling establishment and plant growth
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
More info for the terms: chamaephyte, hemicryptophyte
Raunkiaer [82] life form:
Life Form
Seed banking
Seed dispersal
Seedling establishment and plant growth
Documentation of periwinkle establishment by seed is rare. Bigleaf periwinkle seedlings were found in riparian areas in California [21], though seedlings are rarely found in the field (review by [7]). Documentation of common periwinkle seedlings was not found in the literature as of 2009.
Limitations to periwinkle growth have been infrequently documented. Bigleaf periwinkle growth is limited by dry or cold temperatures, and hot, dry weather may cause death (review by [7]). Bigleaf periwinkle was limited to shady areas of a riparian canyon bottom at the Ramsey Canyon Preserve (Gebow 2009 personal communication [41]).
Seed production
Pollination and breeding system
Life History and Behavior
Bigleaf periwinkle generally flowers from March to June [4,29,42,78] but may bloom year-round in north-central Texas [29]. In the Carolinas bigleaf periwinkle produces fruit in June and July [78].
Common periwinkle generally flowers from between March and June depending on location [4,29,42,45,50,78,97]. In Georgia, most common periwinkle flowering occurs in early March, though flowering was observed as early as 28 February [40]. Common periwinkle fruits are produced from May to July in the southeastern United States ([78], review by [72]).
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Vinca minor
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Vinca minor
Public Records: 11
Specimens with Barcodes: 15
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked
Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant's current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).
Pests and potential problems
Common periwinkle can be affected by blight, canker, leaf spot, and root rot.
Prevention and Control
Cultivars, improved and selected materials (and area of origin)
'Alba', 'Atropurpurea', 'Bowles', 'Variegata', 'Multiplex.' Seedlings are available at most commercial nurseries.
Please contact your local agricultural extension specialist or county weed specialist to learn what works best in your area and how to use it safely. Always read label and safety instructions for each control method. Trade names and control measures appear in this document only to provide specific information. USDA, NRCS does not guarantee or warranty the products and control methods named, and other products may be equally effective.
Little or no maintenance is required after establishment. Well-established plantings may be clipped to promote new growth. Chemical or mechanical weeding may be need to control unwanted vegetation.
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Other uses and values
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
Palatability and/or nutritional value: Periwinkles are generally unpalatable and have little nutritional value. Bigleaf periwinkle is listed as poisonous in South Africa [16]. Common periwinkle was an infrequent food item of the volcano rabbit in Mexico [20] and white-tailed deer in Indiana [91]. Caged Canada geese would not feed on common periwinkle, even when it was the only forage available [23].
Cover value: No information is available on this topic.
Erosion control: Its use should normally be restricted to partially shaded areas and north or east exposures on ramps and inclines. It should be considered on roadsides in specially adapted locations and sites.
Ornamental and beautification: Common periwinkle is particularly desirable as an attractive evergreen ground cover in mild climates. It is valuable on yards, banks, or odd areas as a low maintenance ground cover. It tolerates light traffic but should not be used where frequent trampling occurs.
Ecological Threat in the United States
Vinca minor
Vinca minor (common names lesser periwinkle[1] or dwarf periwinkle) is a species of flowering plant native to central and southern Europe, from Portugal and France north to the Netherlands and the Baltic States, east to the Caucasus, and also southwestern Asia in Turkey. Other vernacular names used in cultivation include small periwinkle, common periwinkle, and sometimes in the United States, myrtle or creeping myrtle,[2] although this is misleading, as the name myrtle normally refers to the Myrtus species.
Vinca minor is a trailing, viny subshrub, spreading along the ground and rooting along the stems to form large clonal colonies and occasionally scrambling up to 40 centimetres (16 in) high but never twining or climbing. The leaves are evergreen, opposite, 2–4.5 centimetres (0.79–1.77 in) long and 1–2.5 centimetres (0.39–0.98 in) broad, glossy dark green with a leathery texture and an entire margin.
The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils and are produced mainly from early spring to mid summer but with a few flowers still produced into the autumn; they are violet-purple (pale purple or white in some cultivated selections), 2–3 centimetres (0.79–1.18 in) diameter, with a five-lobed corolla. The fruit is a pair of follicles 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) long, containing numerous seeds.
The closely related species Vinca major is similar, but larger in all parts, and also has relatively broader leaves with a hairy margin.
The species is commonly grown as a groundcover in temperate gardens for its evergreen foliage, spring and summer flowers, ease of culture, and dense habit that smothers most weeds. The species has few pests or diseases outside its native range and is widely naturalised and classified as an invasive species in parts of North America. Invasion can be restricted by removal of rooting stems in spring.[3] Once established, it is difficult to eradicate, as its waxy leaves shed most water-based herbicide sprays. Removal involves cutting, followed by immediate application of concentrated glyphosphate or triclopyr to the cut stems. Repeated chemical treatments may be necessary, along with digging up the roots where feasible.[4]
There are numerous cultivars, with different flower colours and variegated foliage. Many have a less vigorous habit than the species, and are therefore more suitable for smaller gardens. The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
- 'Argenteovariegata'[5] (leaves have creamy white margins)
- 'Atropurpurea'[6] (purple flowers)
- 'Azurea Flore Pleno'[7] (double blue flowers)
- 'La Grave'[8] (violet flowers)
Chemical constituents[edit]
Vinca minor contains more than 50 alkaloids,[9] and vincamine is the molecule responsible for Vinca's nootropic activity.[citation needed] Other alkaloids include reserpine, reserpinine, akuammicine, majdine, vinerine, ervine, vineridine, tombozine, vincamajine, vincanine, vincanidine,[10] vincamone, apovincamine, vincaminol, desoxyvincaminol,[11] vincorine[12] and perivincine.[13]
Vinpocetine (brand names: Cavinton, Intelectol; chemical name: ethyl apovincaminate) is a semisynthetic derivative alkaloid of vincamine.
The color name periwinkle is derived from the flower.
- ^ "BSBI List 2007" (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ Foster, Rachel. "So Many Myrtles — Unraveling the confusion and contradiction". Retrieved August 19, 2012.
- ^ "Vinca minor L. Common periwinkle". USDA. Plants Profile. Retrieved August 26, 2006.
- ^ "Vines". NPS. November 11, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Vinca minor Argenteovariegata". RHS. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Vinca minor Atropurpurea". RHS. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Vinca minor Azurea Flore Pleno". RHS. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Vinca minor La Grave". RHS. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ Khanavi, M.; Pourmoslemi, S.; Farahanikia, B.; Hadjiakhoondi, A.; Ostad, S. N. (2010). "Cytotoxicity ofVinca minor". Pharmaceutical Biology 48 (1): 96–100. doi:10.3109/13880200903046187. PMID 20645762.
- ^ Tulyaganov, T. S.; Nigmatullaev, A. M. (2000). Chemistry of Natural Compounds 36 (5): 540. doi:10.1023/A:1002820414086.
- ^ Smeyers, Y. G.; Smeyers, N. J.; Randez, J. J.; Hernandez-Laguna, A.; Galvez-Ruano, E. (1991). "A structural and pharmacological study of alkaloids of Vinca Minor". Molecular Engineering 1 (2): 153. doi:10.1007/BF00420051.
- ^ Yasui, Y.; Kinugawa, T.; Takemoto, Y. (2009). "Synthetic studies on vincorine: Access to the 3a,8a-dialkyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo\2,3-b]indole skeleton". Chemical Communications (28): 4275. doi:10.1039/b907210a.
- ^ Farnsworth, N. R.; Draus, F. J.; Sager, R. W.; Bianculli, J. A. (2006). "Studies on Vinca major L. (Apocynaceae) I. Isolation of perivincine". Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 49 (9): 589. doi:10.1002/jps.3030490908.
Further reading[edit]
- Flora Europaea: Vinca minor distribution
- Morphology and ecology of Vinca minor (in Spanish)
- Borealforest: Vinca minor
- Vinca minor (from Ohio State University's Pocket Gardener)
- Common periwinkle (as an invasive species; includes photos)
- Blamey, M., & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. Hodder & Stoughton.
- Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 4: 665. Macmillan.
Names and Taxonomy
Vinca major L., bigleaf periwinkle
Vinca minor L., common periwinkle
In this review, species are referred to by their common names, and "periwinkles" refers to both species.
Numerous periwinkle cultivars are available [30,66].
Common Names
big periwinkle
greater periwinkle
large periwinkle
common periwinkle
lesser periwinkle
EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.
To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!


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Luke Strobel "B4L" #2 section teaser
Section teaser for Luke Strobel.
Now that's the right amount of slow mo[Reply]
LUKE STROBEL!![Reply]
Now that's the music that fits aggressive riding style[Reply]
One third of the video is intro and stuff, two thirds is pure awesomeness! Great video, but should be like two hours longer![Reply]
does anyone know why the evil website is all messed up...because I went there to check it out and it's years behind...the front page still has the preview for the revolt[Reply]
I reckon Luke Strobel's stylishness on a bike is pretty underrated...[Reply]
that wheelie at 1:06 was pinnnnneed shiaaat![Reply]
@gingymp5 - they are revamping their website, and are relaunching it soon. its wildly outdated currently.[Reply]
Strobel is awesome. I was behind him and Graves on Heart of Darkness in whistler and I learned a new life off of them! ** Strobel is a sick rider (as is Graves!)[Reply]
** DISCLAIMER: The only reason i was able to actually BE behind them and see the new line because there were a bunch of slower people up front and not enough room to pass. xD
** DISCLAIMER: The only reason i was able to actually BE behind them and see the new line because there were a bunch of slower people up front and not enough room to pass. xD
'You got like three feet of air that time'[Reply]
"TINA Come and eat your food!"[Reply]
vote for pedro[Reply]
A frickin 12 gauge what do ya think[Reply]
Break the wrist. Walk away.[Reply]
Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh![Reply]
Girls like guys with skills.[Reply]
You wanna play me?[Reply]
Shocks, pegs, luckyyy[Reply]
who's the only one here that knows illegal ninja moves from the government?[Reply]
After eating total shit today and being stuck in the E.R. for like 4 hours today geting my face stitched up this totally made me feel better and really stoked to ride again![Reply]
It's not actually that cool to shred all the loam out of berms, just saying.[Reply]
Yes it is.[Reply]
No sir please go home, its past 8.[Reply]
MISFITS!! Sick[Reply]
What's the song ?[Reply]
Misfits - Dust To Dust[Reply]
Noooooooo! Ya can't stop the video there! gutted! Waking up, and watching that in the morning was gunna set me up for the day!!! The song. What is it? His style of riding is brilliant to watch! Scatty![Reply]
misfits - dust to dust[Reply]
Thank you bro![Reply]
Haha just met this guy coming out of so,e free ride trails I found....didn't realize I was talk to a World Cup dh racer!!!!!!!!![Reply]
No slow mo and The Misfits, finally![Reply]
Finally some misfits in an edit![Reply]
The riding was pretty dialed. But holy crap!!!! that jump in the beginning... :O[Reply]
pause at 0:20 , less than an inch between ground and sprocket, tyres to the rims, and forks on the bump stops! not a pretty sight! nice vid[Reply]
DUDE, I grew up on that pallet jump![Reply]
I was gettin into that shit too! The teaser did its job[Reply]
Anyone notice his bike change from black to white?[Reply]
so sick cant wait to see this[Reply]
Proof that downhill bikes will bottom out their suspension from a 2 foot drop. I hate when people say they suspension can take a 40 foot drop without bottoming out[Reply]
I think there's more to it than that. Like how steep the landing is and how your suspension is set up. That being said, HUCK TO FLAT![Reply]
The infamous PA loading ramp huck... I have a killer shot of Charlie Sponsel "testing" his new suspension on that thing...[Reply]
any edit with The Misfits is a okay in my book[Reply]
That was some pretty awesome shredding[Reply]
strobes is a cold calculated murderer on a bike[Reply]
this guy is RAD[Reply]
This is going to be Lengen- wait for it... DAIRY![Reply]
I don't understand the "dairy" could someone please explain without the hate?[Reply]
It's just a 'how I met your mother" reference[Reply]
Lol i know that. But why "dairy" not legen-"dary"[Reply]
and why lengen?[Reply]
This is bike music![Reply]
Misfits - dust to dust[Reply]
Does anyone know this guy pb username so I can follow him[Reply]
More more I want more!!![Reply]
sickter fast[Reply]
Totally off topic but where the heck is sequence Saturday? Is it Saturday?[Reply]


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Rogers has seen "unhealthy situations" where multiple family members involved in a business did not work well together, but this conflict can be contained by limiting family members' involvement.
Regulate family access to company assets, especially for non-working family members. Giving stock to non-working family members, for example, may not be fair to the company, says industry consultant Brent Grover. And providing non-liquid assets may not be ideal for recipients, either, so company owners should avoid giving non-stock assets to non-working family members.
Succession planning involving family is also risky business, since ownership succession doesn't always guarantee management continuity. Grover points out even if family members are interested in owning a business and capable of running it, they may not be interested in the management aspect. The interests and intentions of potential successors need to be clarified early on to avoid operational turmoil when the need for a successor (often suddenly) arises.
Brent Grover warns of other potential succession planning pitfalls in his recent book, The Little Black Book of Strategic Planning for Distributors.
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text:
Location :Faro Airport
E.N. 125 Pontes De Marchil, Faro, Portugal
Hotel located in the corner of the highway, beside rail road. Good for people that drive. Not a good location for people without cars. Room is standard.
2/5 Standard of room
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text:
Carlton bounced back to beat Melbourne by 5 goals at Princes Park. Peter 'Percy' Jones was one of two debutantes for the Blues.
Round 16, 1966
|Venue: Princes Park
|Date: Saturday August 13, 1966
|Result: Win by 29 points
|Umpire: Perkins
|Crowd: 13,127 Receipts: $1,940
|Goalkickers: A.Gallagher 5, B.Quirk 2, S.Silvagni 1, J.Nicholls 1, K.Greenwood 1, J.Comben 1, J.Pleydell 1, P.McLean 1, R.Stone 1.
|Best: A.Gallagher, J.Nicholls, C.Stewart, J.Goold, I.Collins, P.Gilbert.
|Injuries: G.Anderson (bruised thigh) replaced by G.Crane at half time. C.Stewart (sprained wrist) by K.Greenwood last quarter.
Game ReviewThe Blues recovered from a pasting by Essendon the previous week, to crush Melbourne by 5 goals at Princes Park, on the day when extrovert Tasmanian ruckman "Percy" Jones began his celebrated career. On the back of a huge opening quarter, Carlton dominated the Demons throughout and cruised home for a welcome win.
Adrian Gallagher kicked five goals in Carlton's 29-point win over Melbourne. John Nicholls and John Goold also did well for the Blues, while Ken Rowe tried hard for the Demons. - Football Record.
The Blues were too good in all departments for the Melbourne side.
John Nicholls was outstanding and his rover Adrian Gallagher finished off Big Nick's good work.
"In a sense it was an exhibition of ruck play by Nicholls, since the resistance was negligible.
His hit-outs were directed with meticulous accuracy and he gave smaller players freedom of movement by using his big frame vigorously in the packs. With Nicholls in such a commanding mood, Gallagher had a luxury game, with scores of chances and plenty of time to make the best of them. Gallagher also took good marks under pressure in the forward line, and kicked the heavy ball long and accurately for his five goals." (The Age August 15)
FootnoteUmpire Perkins penalised players 5 times for kicking the ball deliberately out of bounds.
In the first quarter John Comben was the first to receive one of these frees, from which he goaled.
The Age said;.
"There could have been no 'daylight' at all showing as he took his kick from the boundary line in the forward pocket. Comben held the ball in the reverse torpedo position and it spun around the posts."
|50 Peter Gilbert
|20 Wes Lofts
|44 Ron Stone
|21 Barry Gill
|11 John Goold
|3 Kevin Hall
|39 Cliff Stewart
|19 Ian Collins
|33 Jim Pleydell
|12 John Gill
|26 Graeme Anderson
|32 Bryan Quirk
|28 Peter Jones
|1 Serge Silvagni
|25 John Comben
|2 John Nicholls (acting capt.)
|36 Peter McLean
|10 Adrian Gallagher
|5 Ken Greenwood
|6 Garry Crane
|Ron Barassi
Team ChangesIn: J. Pleydell, P. Gilbert, P. Jones
Out: V. Waite, R. McLean, D. Vandenberg
MilestonesDebut: Peter Jones, Peter Gilbert
Round 15 | Round 17
Contributors to this page: blueycarlton
Page last modified on Monday 16 of February, 2015 14:54:22 AEDT by blueycarlton .
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text:
River on fire – level 1
29-04-2016 07:00
This news is from Australia. An Australian MP is on a boat in a river. He has a lighter. He puts the lighter near the river and the river gets on fire! Someone films everything.
Water does not burn, but methane does. Methane is a type of gas. It is coming up the river. It is coming up because there is a fracking site. The MP wants to stop it.
Difficult words: MP (a member of parliament – a government), lighter (a small thing which makes fire), burn (to be on fire), fracking (putting a machine in the ground to make gas or oil come out so you can sell it later), site (the place where something happens).
You can read the original story and watch the video in the Level 3 section.
How to improve your English with News in Levels:


text:
Notify - WP7 Blue Theme
Camille Sévigny
- September 5, 2013
( 51)
Notify Theme - WP7 Blue
This is a theme add-on for the Notify applications. You must have Notify Lite or Notify Pro installed on your device in order to use this theme. If you have any questions, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Best design Droid Notify has thought of--the use of the W7 layout and bright colour is just awesome.
jaydeep nice ....
What's New
Updated translations.
Better support for tablets.


text: Install Scrollout F1 Anti-Spam Firewall On Ubuntu In 30 Minutes Scrollout F1 is a free anti-spam and anti-virus email firewall (gateway) for multiple domains and email servers. This document describes how to install Scrollout F1 from scratch, on a fresh Ubuntu Server. It should work also on Ubuntu Alternate version. The installation is easy. Even if you are a newbie in Linux there is not much room for errors. http://www.howtoforge.com/install-scrollout-f1-anti-spam-firewall-on-ubuntu-in-30-minutes Read more about Install Scrollout F1 Anti-Spam Firewall On Ubuntu In 30 MinutesLog in or register to post comments


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3 Pages
An Analysis of A Rose By a Vulcan Name on Social Commentary
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Pages: 3
Word Count: 1,159
Category: Sociology
Word Count: 1,159
Pages: 3
A Rose By a Vulcan Name Would Smell as SweetSocial commentary is dangerous In addition to risking social and political censure the commentator must carefully convey the message In directly addressing a problem one risks alienating an audience before making ones point If one indirectly approaches said problem one may appear to lack conviction or a point Star Trek the Original Series takes a third path that of allegory Unfortunately as the television series belongs to the science fiction genre its social significance is often disregarded However upon examination it is clear that the veiled nature of commentary in Star Trek is vitalAn allegory addresses issues usually current political or social situations through a fictionalized account This is useful to protect the teller of the tale from legal or political persecution as evidenced by Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland Allegory may also use situational hyperbole to exaggerate a situation until its social impact is obvious as in Voltaires CandideThe cloak of allegory serves both functions after a fashion in Star Trek the Original Series Rather than protecting the creator altered representations protected the integrity of the story line from network censors For example the episode A Private Little War depicted the Federation the series protagonist organization warring with the Klingon nation its nemesis on a tiny primitive world Star Trek In all actuality the episode was a declaration of pacifism aimed at the follies of the Vietnam War Such a declaration might be blocked by censors as unpatriotic or lacking in viewer allure were it a straightforward statement of the evils of Vietnam As a story however it avoids such charges and may be distributed to the masses via television Situational exaggeration is also utilized to drive home important points A problem may not be apparent to an average person Thus the allegorist expands the problem inflating it beyond normal context to make its import apparent The creators of the Original Series achieved this
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text:
The gang lands its balloon on a land filled with games, but King Nofun has banned all games from the land.
Babar, Celeste, Zephir and the children arrive at island and find everything is bigger than usual. The plants are bigger, the fruit is bigger and even the people are bigger!
Babar and his family go to the Land of Toys, where everyone appears happy, but they soon discover that broken toys get a raw deal and set about putting things right.


text:
Join Cisco at SPS IPC Drive 2014Digital Transformation
Automation experts are planning to attend SPS IPC Drive, the largest electrical automation event in Europe, which takes place in Nuremberg, Germany, November 25 to 27. Following the very positive experienceRead More
Built for the Last Mile: The new 800M Series ISREnterprise Networks
At CiscoLive Cancun we are introducing a new addition to the 800 ISR family, the new 800M Series. What does the "M" stand for? The "M" stands for modular, asRead More
ISE and IOEInside Cisco IT
At a recent offsite, the Identity Services Engine (ISE) project team, and our InfoSec and Mobility teams spoke at length about how we will tackle the challenge of getting allRead More
How Cisco IT Is Preparing the Global WAN for More Cloud ApplicationsInside Cisco IT
Cisco IT is preparing our global WAN for employees' growing use of third-party cloud services. Already we use more than 400 cloud services. The most popular are Cisco WebEx, Salesforce,Read More
Three Steps for IT to Deliver Better Business ResultsEnterprise Networks
The situation that many IT people find themselves in today is dripping with irony. They've deployed so many innovations over the years to address so many business challenges, that nowRead More
The other side of the jack: Is your Enterprise Network enterprise ready?Perspectives
"Give me the best servers you have", they said. "Give me the best computers you have", they said. "Give me more mobile devices", they said. "Give me the network requiredRead More


text:
I have a question about the recipe "Pistachio Meringue Stack with Rose Cream and Strawberries" from Heena. Can you use honey rather than sugar?
From Our Friends
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i don't believe you can use honey or any other liquid sweetener to make a meringue.I think you need a solid to get the egg white to stiffen.Have you googled 'baked meringue with honey'?
Maybe try and I am really saying don't know if it will work.. But there is dried honey powder..
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Merdia Bioethanol Portable Internal & External Fire
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Product notices
[This is a block of tabs..]
Product Details
Product Information
- Quick and easy to light and extinguish. Optimum flame height and colour reached after just 10 minutes
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|(H)435 x (W)260 x (D)260mm
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text:
Barnet 0-0 Newport County
Bottom club Newport County frustrate play-off chasing Barnet to claim a second successive draw in League Two.BBC Sport » 41m
Bottom club Newport County frustrate play-off chasing Barnet to claim a second successive draw in League Two.BBC Sport » 41m
Kenny Miller fired two late goals as Rangers secured a 2-1 win over Motherwell to book their place in the fifth round of the Scottish Cup, at Ibrox on Saturday.SkySports.com » 2h
Gylfi Sigurdsson's goal 16 minutes from time gave Paul Clement his first Premier League win as Swansea boss with a thrilling 3-2 victory at Liverpool.SkySports.com » 3h
Chris Martin scored a late equaliser as Fulham came back to draw 1-1 at QPR in the Sky Bet Championship at Loftus Road.SkySports.com » 3h
Nottingham Forest striker Gerry McDonagh joins Cambridge United on loan until the end of the season.BBC Sport » 3h
Striker Nathan Delfouneso returns to Blackpool from Swindon Town on a deal until the end of the season.BBC Sport » 3h
Live coverage of Saturday's League Two game between Accrington Stanley and Carlisle United.BBC Sport » 4h
Live coverage of Saturday's League Two game between Blackpool and Yeovil Town.BBC Sport » 4h
The latest/final league table can be shown along with the table on any given match date.
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text: Profile TabsProfileYebo firstname.lastname@example.com://oardc.ohio-state.edu/bioenergy/330-263-3855Office: 105 Agricultural Engineering-OARDC1680 Madison AvenueProfessional InformationBiography: Research Focus: Dr. Li's research focuses on the development of advanced technologies for the production of bioenergy and bioproducts from renewable sources which can be commercialized by industry partners. His current research covers four areas: (1) anaerobic digestion, (2) Biopolyols and polyurethane, and (3) algae. Anaerobic digestion: Dr. Li has developed an integrated anaerobic digestion system for bioenergy production from both liquid such as animal manure and solid organic waste such as crop residues and yard trimmings. This technology is currently patent pending. With the funding from US Department of Agriculture and the Ohio Third Frontier program, he is closely working with Quasar Energy Group for the pilot scale testing and demonstration of this technology in Zanesville, OH. Biopolyols and polyurethane: Dr. Li has developed a patented liquefaction process (US 8,022,257 for the production of biopolyols and polyurethanes from lignocellulosic biomass and crude glycerin (biodiesel byproduct). This project is funded by USDA NIFA and the Ohio Soybean Council. It has been licensed to Bio100 Technologies LLC in Mansfield, OH for commercial production. Algae: Dr. Li has developed an integrated system for algae production using anaerobic digestion effluent as a nutrient source. The algae biomass residue after lipid extraction will be sent back to the anaerobic digester for biogas production. This project is funded by US Department of Energy. He is working with Touchstone Research Laboratory for pilot scale algae production and demonstration on Cedar Lane Farm in Wooster. Current Research Grants Li, Y. B, Lal, R., Shearer, S., Bakshi, B., Yu, Z. T., Hall, D., Halene, C., Yu, F., Mani, S. Bioenergy and Biofuels Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass via Anaerobic Digestion and Fisher-Tropsch Reaction, USDA-DOE Biomass Research and Development Initiatives (BRDI) program, $6,510,183. 2012-2015. Li, Y. B , Buchheit, R. G., Bakshi B. Development and demonstration of a low VOC polyurethane coating system using biopolyols derived from crude glycerol. USD NIFA Critical Agricultural Materials Program. $418,965. 1/2012-12/2013. Li, Y. B. Characterization and Refining of Crude Glycerin Based Biopolyols. Bio100 Technologies LLC. $ 300,000. 1/2012-07/2013 Li, Y. B., Re-utilization of industrial CO2 for algae production using a phase change material. Touchstone Research Laboratory/DOE (Phase II, total DOE funds: 7 million dollar), $674,630. 1/2011-12/2013. Li, Y. B. Production of biopolyols and polyurethane foams from crude glycerin and soybean straw. Ohio Soybean Council. $55,683. 10/1/2010-3/31/20123. Li, Y. B. Production of algae for biofuels with effluent of liquid anaerobic digestion. OARDC-Seed grant, $50,000, 07/2010-06/2013. Li, Y. B., S. Myers, Z. T. Yu. Accelerating commercialization of anaerobic digestion for bioenergy production. Quasar Energy Group/ODOD. $1, 493,820. 8/2010-7/2013. Li, Y. B., Pryor S., Liao, W. He, B., Shahbazi A., Wang, L. Christy, A., Michel F., Ezeji T. Biobased energy education materials exchange system (BEEMS). USDA Higher Education Challenge (HEC), $459,867. 10/1/2009-9/30/2013. Li, Y. B. Development of cost effective membrane system for treatment of AD effluent, OARDC Industry Matching Program, $50,000. 4/1/2009-3/31/2012. Patents Li, Y. B., Y. Zhou. "Methods for Producing Polyols and Polyurethanes". US 8,022,257. Awarded on 9/20/2011 Li, Y. B., J. Zhu, C. Wan. "Combined liquid to solid-phase anaerobic digestion for methane production from municipal and agricultural wastes". International Patent: WO 2011/020000 A2. Works Works Books Li, Yebo; Luo, Xiaolan; Hu, Shengjun, Bio-based polyols and polyurethanes. Switherland: Springer. 2015. Chapters Wan, Caixia; Li, Yebo, "Solid-State Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production" In Green biomass pretreatment and processing methods for bioenergy production. Edited by Gu, Tingyue. New York: Springer. 2013. Liu, Siqing; Bischoff, Ken M.; Li, Yebo; Cui, Fengjie; Azaizeh, H., Tafesh, A., "Production of value-added products by lactic acid bacteria" In Biocatalysis and Biomolecular Engineering. Edited by Hou, C. T., Shaw J. F.. Hoboken: Wiley and Sons. 2010. Ezeji, Teddy C.; Li, Yebo, "Advanced Product Recovery Technologies" In Biomass to Biofuels: Strategies for Global Industries. Edited by Vertes, A., Qureshi, N., Yukawa, H., and Blaschek, H.. Hoboken: Wiley & Sons. 2010. Li, Yebo; Cui, Fengjie, "Microbial lactic acid production from renewable resources" In Sustainable Biotechnology: Sources of Renewable Energy. Edited by Om Singh, Steve Harvey. Dordrecht: Springer. 2010. Khanakl, Samir; Li, Yebo, "Renewable and non-renewable energy" In Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Edited by Li, Yebo; Khanal, Samir. Li, Yebo; Sheets, John; Ge, Xumeng; Mani, Sudhagar, "Algae" In Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Edited by Li, Yebo, Khanal Samir. Li, Yebo; Park, Stephen; Wan, Caixia; Khanal Samir, "Anaerobic digestion" In Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Edited by Li, Yebo, Khanal Samir. Starch-based feedstocks, "G, Xumeng; Li, Yebo" In Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Edited by Li, Yebo, Khanal Samir. Luo, Xiaolan; Li, Yeo, "Organic and carbohydrate chemistry" In Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Edited by Li, Yebo, Khanal Samir. Journal Articles Xu,Fuqing; Wang,Feng; Lin,Long; Li,Yebo, "Comparison of digestate from solid anaerobic digesters and dewatered effluent from liquid anaerobic digesters as inocula for solid state anaerobic digestion of yard trimmings." Bioresource technology 200 (2016) 753-760 Li,Yueh-Fen; Shi,Jian; Nelson,Michael,C; Chen,Po-Hsu; Graf,Joerg; Li,Yebo; Yu,Zhongtang, "Impact of different ratios of feedstock to liquid anaerobic digestion effluent on the performance and microbiome of solid-state anaerobic digesters digesting corn stover." Bioresource technology 200 (2016) 744-752 Xu, Fuqing; Li, Yebo; Wang, Zhi-Wu, "Mathematical modeling of solid-state anaerobic digestion" Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 51 (2015) 49-66 Liu,Shan; Ge,Xumeng; Liew,Lo,Niee; Liu,Zhe; Li,Yebo, "Effect of urea addition on giant reed ensilage and subsequent methane production by anaerobic digestion" BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 192 (2015) 682-688 Racharaks,Ratanachat; Ge,Xumeng; Li,Yebo, "Cultivation of marine microalgae using shale gas flowback water and anaerobic digestion effluent as the cultivation medium" BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 191 (2015) 146-156 Lin,Long; Yang,Liangcheng; Li,Yebo, "Effect of Feedstock Components on Thermophilic Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Yard Trimmings" ENERGY & FUELS 29 6 (2015) 3699-3706 Vasco-Correa,Juliana; Li,Yebo, "Solid-state anaerobic digestion of fungal pretreated Miscanthus sinensis harvested in two different seasons" BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 185 (2015) 211-217 Tong,Xinjie; Luo,Xiaolan; Li,Yebo, "Development of blend films from soy meal protein and crude glycerol-based waterborne polyurethane" INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 67 (2015) 11-17 Yang,Liangcheng; Xu,Fuqing; Ge,Xumeng; Li,Yebo, "Challenges and strategies for solid-state anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass" RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 44 (2015) 824-834 Lin,Yunqin; Ge,Xumeng; Liu,Zhe; Li,Yebo, "Integration of Shiitake cultivation and solid-state anaerobic digestion for utilization of woody biomass" BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 182 (2015) 128-135 See more on KMData


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Inappropriate text spells trouble for teen
Brocton resident to celebrate 100th birthday with an open house
BROCTON – On Saturday, June 22 from 2-4 p.m. there will be an Open House at Fellowship Church, 148 Main St. in Brocton. This event will honor and celebrate the 100th birthday of Wilma Zimmerman.
Zimmerman is a charter member and regular attendee of Fellowship Church with her son Joe. She is still very active, and unless the weather is bad, she faithfully arrives for Sunday worship.
She was born in West Seneca and came to the Brocton area in the 1950s. Although she worked many jobs over the years, she was the school secretary from 1961 to 1983. She retired at age 70, and it took two people to replace her.
Following her retirement, she took over village taxes for two years and managed the money to the penny.
Zimmerman is active in many areas of her life. She loves to shop and buy new makeup, and keeps up with fashion. She always looks very good. She enjoys knitting, making quilts, watching nature and doing beadwork.
Her daughter Jeanne says her mother is an inspiration to many, and enjoys being needed by her loved ones. She always looks to tomorrow, and the things she needs to do. Twelve years ago she visited Germany and Switzerland.
Zimmerman had several siblings who lived into their 80s and 90s, and one brother died three weeks before his 102nd birthday.
Come to this event and help honor this remarkable woman's life.


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Windster Windster RA-36BF Stainless Steel High Quality Baffle Filter for RA-36 Range Hoods
Home > Appliance Stop > Accessory > Filter > Baffle
Windster, RA-36BF, Filter, Stainless Steel, Accessory, Baffle Baffle Filter with Stainless Steel ConstructionMaking top quality range hoods and accessories are what Windster does best and filters are no exception. Baffle filters are high quality , simple to clean, and made from stainless steel.Features:Both CSA and US CertifiedSeamless Welding with No Sharp EdgesStainless Steel ConstructionEstablished in 2003, Windster Hoods has been providing a new level of value and innovation in the range hood industries for years. Windster Hoods has an unique ability to design and manufacture range hoods that are safe and easy to operate but still powerful. Their high performance range hoods are approved by the C.S.A. standards of United States and Canada.


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Vy's Kitchen Asian Cuisine serves pan-Asian dishes, such as high quality pho, lo mein, and sushi, are served at this relaxed eatery.
1101 University Drive ECollege Station, TX 77840
979.260.9898 | 800.777.8292Fax: 979.260.9800Email BCSCVB
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- Addison Sports Management & MediaV.P of Media @ Marketing, 2009 - present
- Addison Sports Management and MediaPresident, 2008 - present
It just ain't easy bein' me....and my baby girl is what my world revolves solely around. Her name is Addison!
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Jones a Fan of Fox, Not of Mitrione
Several members of the MMA community have been highly critical of male-to-female transgender fighter Fallon Fox, but Jon Jones isn't one of
UFC blog for UFC news, UFC rumors, fighter interviews and event previews...
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Fighting before his home country fans in Brazil in the main event of UFC 147 Saturday night, Wanderlei Silva almost gave them what they came
Morning Report: Jason 'Mayhem' Miller Reveals UFC 146 Backstage Incident...
May 29, 2012 - Fighters toss out the 'I'm retiring if I can't beat this guy' line probably a little more than they should in
Morning Report: Ronda Rousey's Star Power Continues to Grow
Aug 9, 2012 - Is there any doubt at this point that Ronda Rousey is mixed martial arts' next big star? 'Stars', such as they are, generally
MMA Warlike: UFC 137: Donald Cerrone Plans On Fighting As Often As Possible
MMA HEAT's Karyn Bryant catches up with Donald Cerrone at his open workout, and gets his thoughts on fighting Dennis Siver at UFC 137. N
Addison Sports Management and Media: Morning Report: Brock Lesnar Hits t...
Apr 2, 2012 - If you've ever found yourself craving the musty smell of middle age or telling people how Dramarama never got their due, t
Thomas Gerbasi: Baker's Dozen - Wanderlei Silva's Defining Moments
The staredowns, the loosening of his wrists before a fight, the berserker fighting style. If you don't know who we're talking about at this
JDS Calls His Shot, KOs Mir in Two - UFC 146 Main Event Results
LAS VEGAS, May 26 – Just as he predicted a day before their UFC 146 main event fight, Junior dos Santos defeated Frank Mir in the second rou
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The life of a fighter is extremely unpredictable. You never know when you're going to fight next or if something will happen between signing
Morning Report: Nick Diaz Pulls a Nick Diaz, Bails on Charity BJJ Pay-Pe...
May 14, 2012 - To the best of my knowledge, there's no word in the English language to describe being 'mildly surprised' and &#3
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Won Hundred Willow Sneaker
Won Hundred Willow Sneaker
Printed leather slip on sneakers with elastic gore insets and a 1" platform sole. Made in Portugal
Based in Copenhagen, this Danish brand has a knack for creating the kind of effortless, minimalist styles that you can't help but keep on constant rotation in your closet. Won Hundred was launched in 2004 by Creative Director Nikolaj Nielsen and we have loved their sophisticated, simple pieces ever since. The label's relaxed Scandinavian style translates into versatile pieces that look chic whether you are at work or play. Offering everything from men's wear and women's wear to accessories and shoes, Nikolaj aims to create timeless styles with a focus on longevity and beautiful detailing that don't necessarily set, but compliments trends.


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iHerb 顾客评论
节省: ¥66.41 (33 %折扣)
exactly what i needed
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due to my son's health issues, (stage 4 colon cancer diagnosis--A kind God has healed him--no cancer cells in blood, Praise His name), this one of many family caregivers neglected to care for "self". I was nearing exhaustion. This liquid yeast product has given me back MY life and energy, it's great. now i can continue to be a blessing to my wonderful children. I will probably reorder. thanks so much. Mrs. M.
Twinlab,Yeast, B Complex Formula
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As a vegetarian, I consume this product daily as a supplement. I am very pleased with it and will order it again.
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After taking this for 3 weeks I felt an improvement in my energy.
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This is an execellent product to take as a daily vitamin. It has helped my health for over 15 years. Great for vitality, nail, hair, concentration. I heard a Dr. once say he had documented research on HIV patients great improvement with this medication. Great Price in I herb!
More pallatable than other forms of Vit. B
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I got this because I cannot stand the smell of Vit B capsules, & my stomack cannot really handle them. This is a form that is easier to ingest & digest.
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The taste takes getting used to, but the benefits for me in terms of increased energy were worth the effort.
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Very good item
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Very good
Good for Health
Reviewer1533315发表于 Aug 05, 2013
Very good supplement for us...in Spain...
产品 1-9,共 9 个产品


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Why We Love It
Beautiful and complex this chair expertly combines materials to create a truly unique design. Inspired by Poul Kjaerholm's original mid-century modern work this high quality reproduction features the same sophisticated silhouette. Celebrating the combination of materials this chair starts with a sturdy brushed stainless steel tri-pod frame. The solid walnut back curves around to support the sitter while the supple leather upholstered seat adds even more comfort. Rubber feet on the bottom of each leg will keep your floor safe from scratches.
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|Design Inspired By
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|High Quality Reproduction
|This design is a high quality replica and is in no way affiliated with the original manufacturer or designer. France and Son specializes in reproducing mid century furniture and lighting. We strive to stay as close to the original specifications and materials as possible, so customers can get their favorite designs for affordable prices, without sacrificing quality. France and Son's mid century furniture is tested to the highest standards to assure customer satisfaction.
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Governor to reveal budget options
Governor Mark Parkinson is getting ready to reveal plans that would help the state budget. He will discuss the possibility of more budget cuts Friday.
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- {{matchup.date.fullday}}{{matchup.date.month + ' ' + matchup.date.day}}
Tennessee-Martin vs Austin Peay Wrap - Austin Peay Wins 81-68
Austin Peay got 16 points from Chris Horton en route to an 81-68 victory over Tennessee-Martin on Thursday at Winfield Dunn Center.
Austin Peay was a 6.5-point favorite in the win, and managed to turn a profit for their supporters.
Austin Peay got 16 points from Zavion Williams and another 15 points from Travis Betran. Zavion Williams contributed 7 assists, while Chris Horton cleaned the glass with 12 rebounds.
Tennessee-Martin got a 19-point performance from Myles Taylor, who was supported by 14 points from Justin Childs. Marshun Newell had 7 assists in a losing cause for Tennessee-Martin, while Myles Taylor grabbed 14 rebounds.
Austin Peay led at halftime, 39-30.
The rebound battle favored Tennessee-Martin as they grabbed 43 boards, while Austin Peay only had 37.


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Here's something worth considering. If you're thinking of getting a flock of chickens, consider getting a heritage breed.
Do some research as to your weather conditions, how harsh your winter is and how much natural vegetation you have in season. Then get some heritage breed chickens! They know how to forage and they're used to being outdoors.
If you live in a northern climate and have room to let your chickens free range (and you should, no matter what size yard you have) then look into Icelandic chickens. They're great layers, fantastic at finding their own food and are excellent at being broody.
Our chickens are a Red Sex Link….great layers, not so great at being broody. I think its been bred out of them, although we do have one that will make an excellent mother.
She does a great job of keeping our eggs from freezing during winter. Since our layers tend to lay in one box, Beatrice gets in there and keeps all the eggs warm until we go down and collect them.
We have trained these girls to hunt and peck for their food. Not that it does much good in the middle of winter, but we know that as soon as the snow melts, these girls will be paying their own way again.
Want to be sure you're reading what we're writing? Subscribe to our mailing list and don't miss a single post. Take a look at our sidebar at the top of the page and subscribe. I promise you I'll keep your email addresses to myself – you won't ever be spammed and I won't ever do anything with my list other than let you know every time a new post is published here and give you the inside scoop on great info and deals.


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On Saturday, May 28th, from 10:00 to 16:00, come and visit the Sir William Price Heritage Centre to enjoy its exhibitions and events for free! For more information about our museal offer, contact us.
The Heritage Awards contest is on! The Sir William Price Heritage Centre is happy to announce the 2016 edition of the Saguenay Heritage Awards. This triennial contest intends to reward achievements in renovation of old buildings and promotion of our city's heritage. If you have renovated your patrimonial property between 2013 and 2016, you might Read More →


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Name: Grapevine Stencil
Price: £35.00 UK Pounds (Currency Converter)
Quantity: 12345678910
Grapevine Stencils finally get a makeover! The graceful new Grapevine Stencil is beautiful and elegant. Inspired by tumbling vines and full bunches of grapes, this design is perfect used as a single motif or repeated as a border or in continuous patterns - whatever suits your style. The grapevine is a versatile motif that suits bedrooms, hallways, dining rooms, kitchens and is perfect for fabric, walls and furniture.
The Grapevine Stencil is a medium sized two sheet stencil comprising one main grapevine motif and 12 additional motifs of leaves, grapes and tendrels, to add to and extend the main motif. This very versatile stencil will allow you to grow and extend your own grapevine design to fit any space required. See size and layout specifications below.
Stencil the Grapevine Stencil in natural greens and purples, as well as single colours such as purple, or grey or contemporary black. Or try warm ochres and browns or golds on black.
Above top - the main motif of the Grapevine Stencil with the additional motifs of leaves, grapes and tendrels added to create a falling group. The design can be extended in this way into any desired layout. Stencilled here in Plum Blossom, Indian Purple, Eucalyptus, Woodland and Olive Grove on a mint background.
See also the Trailing leaves Theme Pack.
Stencil this design with our Stencil Paint or Fabric Paint ranges and our Stencil Rollers and Stencil Sponges.
Easy to use one layer stencil on two sheets of 125 micron mylar. Sheet size 36cm (14") deep x 31cm (12") wide.
Stencil measurements:
Sheet 1: Main grapevine motif - 33cm (13") long x 28cm (11") across at widest points.
Sheet 2:
3 additional leaf and grape motifs from 15cm (6") long x 6cm (2 1/4") wide to 24cm (9 1/2") deep x 12cm (4 3/4") wide.
2 additional leaf motifs up to 10cm (4") long.
2 additional grape bunches up to 11cm (4 1/4") long.
5 additional tendrels from 2.5cm (1") to 5cm (2") long.
Above - the layout of the 2 sheets of the Grapevine Stencil.
Above - the main motif of the Grapevine Stencil in Agapanthus, Indian Purple, Woodland and Olive Grove Stencil Paints on a pale lavender background.
Above - some of the additional grapevine motifs grouped together, stencilled in Agapanthus, indian Purple, Woodland and Olive Grove Stencil Paints on a pale pink background.
Above - the main motif of the Grapevine Stencil shown as a border repeat - one motif repeated directly next to the last. Stencilled here in Emerald Forest, Eucalyptus, French Lavender and Agapanthus Stencil Paints on a lavender background.
Above - the main motif of the Grapevine Stencil, stencilled as a repeat motif - repeated first as a horizontal border and then with the second row of motifs being repeated directly underneath the first - known as a square repeat. Stencilled here in Storm and French Lavender Stencil Paint on a lavender background to create a sophisticated monochrome palette.
Above - the main motif of the Grapevine Stencil shown as a repeat motif - this time as a diagonal repeat. This is achieved by first repeating the stencil as a horizontal border and then stencilling the first stencil of the second row half way between the first two motifs of the first row and then repeating this distance for each successive repeat and each successive row. Stencilled here in Arctic Grey on a mid-tone grey background to create a contemporary monochromatic effect.
Copyright © Henny Donovan and Henny Donovan Motif. All rights reserved. Henny Donovan/Henny Donovan Motif is the sole copyright owner of all stencil designs, photographs and text published in this website and as such are protected by copyright. Copying of stencil designs is strictly prohibited. No design, stencil, photograph, text or part therein, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any way or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or re-used, or sold by any person without the prior written agreement or permission of the copyright owner.


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Saint Laurent SS 2013 Adv
Edie Campbell, Julia Nobis and the singer Beck are the protagonists of the advertising campaign for the French Maison
A series of shots in black & white to emphasize the new glam rock soul of Saint Laurent.
The pictures were shot by Hedi Slimane in Los Angeles last October.
The Australian model Julia Nobis, scouted in 2010, is the protagonist of the adv: sensual, mysterious, feminine and well away from any ostentation.
With her, in the second part of the adv pictures, there are Edie Campbell and the singer Beck. This is not the first collaboration between Beck and Slimane, infact the singer once scored the soundtrack for a Dior Homme show during the crative direction of the French designer.
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Kristin Prim and The Provocateur's letters
A chat with Kristin Prim, the founder of The Provocateur, the site that publishes letters written expressely by leading women addressing the whole female world. Vogue.it presents you an exclusive preview of the letter written by Dresden Dolls' Amanda Palmer
Fashion shows are changing: Burberry and all that's new on the runways
Menswear and womenswear collections will walk together and will be on sale right after the show. These are the news from Burberry but the evolution is generalized: runway shows are changing


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Is Coal Creek Retrievers incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
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We're sorry, this listing is off the market. Try these listings instead:
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This niche plumbing related business has been serving NWA residential and commercial customers for over ten years. It produced over $210,000 in SDE (Seller Discretionary Earnings) in 2016. It can be ramped up to do much more with a motivated buyer. The owner only works in the business part-time and...
Industrial Services Company with Manufacturing #453614 posted Sep 12, 2016
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This Industrial Services Company (ISC) offers a prospective acquirer some exciting growth opportunities. Industrial Services is among the fastest growing segments in the Manufacturing/Industrial sector. The primary reason for the growth is due to the increased outsourcing of these functions by the...
Need a Joint Venture Partner #452089 posted Aug 20, 2016
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Please find enclosed our official Joint Venture 30% Equity request for a 150M loan for our current projects. Please find us a investor for a 150m loan that will be paid back within 90 days and will pay out 30% of projects monthly for 5 years. We can do a several investors with smaller amounts...
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18.01.17 21:53
Eezham Tamils mark MGRs birth centenary
Eezham Tamils mark MGRs birth centenary
Canadian HC calls on Thamilchelvan[TamilNet, Thursday, 30 May 2002, 05:01 GMT]
The High Commissioner of Canada in Sri Lanka, Ms. Ruth Archibald, had discussions with Mr. S. P Thamilchelvan on the current state of the island's peace process at the headquarters of the political division of the Liberation Tigers in Kilinochchi Wednesday, according to the Voice of Tigers broadcast from the Vanni. The Canadian High Commissioner conferred with Mr. Thamilchelvan also about development priorities in the war ravaged northern region, the radio said.
Mr. Thamilchelvan was assisted in the discussion by Mr. George and Mr. Tholkaappiyan, officials of the LTTE's political division.
The Canadian HC visited the headquarters of the Tamil Rehabilitation Organisation (TRO) in the Kilinochchi town after the meeting and had discussions with officials there, the VOT said. The TRO is the main rehabilitation and development NGO in the Vanni.
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18.01.17 21:53
Eezham Tamils mark MGRs birth centenary
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Discount nike free 2.0 Soaking Up Summer Fun. Luxurious sale at nike free 2.0 Factory Outlet UK Online, 100% quality guarantee.
, (Norwich,) attorney and counselor, justice within the peace and life cover agent, over T.
Rogers & Son's clothing store, North Main.
'let me introduce my favourite food' all students are expected to post information regarding their favourite food.
Oerke came into this world in Skjold, Stavanger, Norway, September 26, 1867, the son of John and Anna Roaldsvik Oerke and a second of eleven children.
They are expected to explain: Why xxx will be the favourite As soon as they first discovered it.
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We had a quick breakfast of cake, the same as another morning, and also as soon because the sun started to rise, we headed to begin our seek out mammals.
The present mayor I used to be shown him recently as Mr.
Everything we can do is be sure that the user is often a business thats liable to bring jobs on the city.
Wiesel wrote the ebook Night from the 1950s depending on his experiences in Auschwitz along with prison camps in Germany throughout the World war 2.
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nike free 2.0 Jones added people should go years without attending a single scorpion locally, when a neighbor generates a fresh palm tree or landscaping, which will all change.
(Source: Phoenix Police Department)Greater than $250,000 in stolen Legos were found in the spare room on the Peoria home, as outlined by investigators.
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Jones said many families use black light hunts that allows you to stop being so frightened of the creatures and get back control, but they also end up being careful.
Leatt Corporation develops and markets protective equipment and ancillary products for all.
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