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Popular Science Monthly/Volume 23/June 1883/Vivisection in the State of New York
By BURT G. WILDER, M. D.
"I know that physiology can not possibly progress except by means of experiments on living animals, and I feel the deepest conviction that he who retards the progress of physiology commits a crime against mankind."—Charles Darwin.[1]
THE objects of this article are—1. To enlarge the slender store of published facts respecting vivisection in the United States. 2. To discuss briefly certain general aspects of the question. 3. To examine the existing and proposed laws concerning it. 4. To consider Mr. Henry Bergh's fitness to initiate such legislation. 5. To express what seems to be the sentiment of most well-informed, humane persons regarding experimentation upon animals.
I. Aside from editorial articles and resolutions of medical societies, public discussion of vivisection in this, the State in which it is already somewhat limited by law, has been nearly confined to four gentlemen besides the present writer. Mr. Bergh's single contribution will be more conveniently considered later. Professor J. C. Dalton has contented himself hitherto with the general statement[2] that "the exhibition of pain in an experimental laboratory is an exceptional occurrence. As a rule, all the cutting operations are performed under the influence of ether. . . . This is because the infliction of pain is generally no part of the experimenter's object, and on every account it is preferable for him to avoid it." The foregoing refers directly only to laboratory investigations, and it may undoubtedly be inferred that, among the experiments before classes in the lecture-room, the painful constitute a still smaller minority.[3] What they have been is shown by Dr. A. J. Leffingwell[4] in quotations from the larger physiological treatises of Professors Dalton and Flint. Among the numerous illustrative operations mentioned as performed by these teachers in two of the largest medical schools in the country, there appear to be seven in which anæsthetics are not always employed; in them, there is reason to believe that the pain inflicted is either brief or not very severe. There is also reason for believing that there is an annual decrease in the number of such demonstrations.
Mr. Bergh wishes to suppress vivisection by act of Legislature. Dr. Leffingwell would legally restrict painful experiments to original research under rigid surveillance. Professor Dalton seems to think no discussion of the subject is required.[5] Dr. L. S. Pilcher believes[6] it only necessary that "the public should be informed of the truth relating to vivisection in order that there should be secured to science every advantage and privilege which its advancement may need." The writer's communication[7] of two years ago, together with opinions which will be repeated at the close of this article, stated that he had taught physiology for twelve years in a university, and for half that time in a medical school, and yet had never performed a painful vivisection.
Since Cornell University owes its existence largely to the action of the State Legislature, and is bound by its charter to "receive, without charge for tuition, one student annually from each Assembly district," there are peculiar reasons for making known the exact condition of sentiment and practice therein with regard to vivisection. Aside from practical work in the laboratory, the physiological teaching comprises two courses of lectures, special and general. In the former, those who intend to become physicians, or to teach physiology, are made familiar with the details of experimental manipulation. In the latter, the verbal instruction is illustrated by experiments differing little from what are performed in some medical schools. The following are fair selections from these experiments:
1. A frog is killed by "pithing" with a sharp knife, and the brain is destroyed with a piece of wire. The mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth is removed, and the action of the cilia shown in various ways. 2. A frog is rendered motionless by the injection of a little curare under the skin. Two of the toes are tied apart, so as to stretch the intervening "web." The circulation of the blood is then observed under a microscope. Since it is not certain that sensibility is abrogated by curare, the animal is treated just as if it were in its normal condition, to which it commonly returns after a short time. 3. A pithed frog is employed for the demonstration of nervous, muscular, and reflex actions. Although the animal is dead as a whole, the irritability of its muscles and nerves and spinal cord persists for some time after the brain is destroyed or the head cut off. 4. From an anæsthetized frog the brain proper is removed. So long as the medulla remains, the respiratory movements continue; when it is destroyed, they cease. 5. A cat is etherized, inhaling the anæsthetic slowly and without apparent discomfort in a glass box made for the purpose. The trachea is opened, and a glass tube inserted. This is then connected with a U-shaped tube partly filled with a colored liquid; the effect of the respiratory movements in expanding the lungs is shown by the oscillation of the liquid. 6. With an etherized cat the trachea is connected with a pair of bellows. The medulla is cut and the lungs are artificially inflated with the bellows. In this way the heart is kept beating while the entire ventral wall of the chest is removed and the heart exposed to view. If removed from the body, the heart soon ceases to beat. 7. With a cat, anæsthetized and then pithed, the respiratory muscles are stimulated directly or through their nerves. 8. From an anaesthetized frog the cerebral hemispheres are removed. After recovering from the operation, such a frog may remain for weeks in a stupid condition, neither moving nor feeding voluntarily, although it can swim, balance itself on the edge of a board, and swallow food placed in the throat. It thus approximately exemplifies the life of some idiots. 9. A cat is etherized, and part of the right hemisphere exposed. A light interrupted current of electricity is applied to certain spots, and the invariable response is by definite movements of the limbs of the opposite side. Other regions give no response at all. 10. With an etherized cat the vagus nerves are exposed in the neck. A large needle, with a head of red wax, is passed through the skin and muscles, so that its point is fixed in the heart, the pulsations of which are then indicated by the oscillations of the head. When a somewhat strong interrupted current of electricity is sent through one or both of the nerves, the heart beats more slowly, or stops altogether. The current is stopped, and the pulsations recommence. The nerves are then cut, and the heart beats more rapidly, but the respiratory movements are slowed. In this, as in all other experiments under anæsthetics, the animal is killed before revival.
The significance of these and similar experiments may be ascertained from any physiological treatise or well-educated physician. Only the first and the last can be commented on here. Cilia are minute filaments of protoplasm which, among other localities, cover the surface of the membrane which lines the air-passages. Independently of the will they keep up a rapid lashing movement, more forcible in one direction, so that the dust inhaled with the air is continually swept from the smaller tubes into the larger, and so to the larynx, whence it is voluntarily expelled. If we reflect upon the inevitable consequences of a vacation, or "strike," of these millions of irresponsible "sweeps," we shall feel it well worth while to inform ourselves as to their appearance and mode of action, even though the acquisition of this knowledge costs the lives of many frogs. The last experiment affords some clew to the nervous mechanism through which the action of the heart may be accelerated or retarded, or wholly checked on account of violent physical or mental impressions. Who that has felt his heart "flutter," or "stand still," would not, even in a slight degree, fathom the mystery which still surrounds the relations of our bodily organs to each other and to the mind?
Those who denounce all vivisection as "barbarous" are asked to note that the performance of the ten experiments above described involves only the pain of a hypodermic injection or of pithing, since, whenever the animal is alive during the operation, complete insensibility is produced by anæsthetics. Most of the experiments, however, are done upon dead animals—that is, a man treated in like manner would be legally defunct. In the ordinary sense of the word, therefore, such experiments are not vivisections at all, although they are so by virtue of the persistence of vitality in certain organs and tissues.[8] According to information from various sources, it is probable that the large majority of experiments in this State, whether in medical colleges or other institutions, whether for research or for teaching, are, like those described above, performed upon animals completely anæsthetized or actually dead.[9]
II. Many persons find it difficult to dissociate the word vivisection from the sufferings which were, perhaps, unavoidable before the discovery of ether and chloroform, and from those which are inflicted at the present day by careless or unfeeling experimenters. The proposed laws likewise ignore the difference between experiments in respect to pain. In England the question has been similarly befogged by the use of a single term for two different ideas. In the face of the official reports showing, according to Dr. Gerald Yeo's later estimate,[10] that only twenty-five out of one hundred experiments caused any pain at all, Frances Power Cobbe has the hardihood to say,[11] "We find it practically impossible to separate torturing from non-torturing vivisection." In view of all this ambiguity, whether due to ignorance or design, I have ventured to suggest[12] that painful vivisection be known as sentisection, and painless vivisection as callisection. The desirability of some verbal distinction was presented to Mr. Bergh, both in the article referred to and in private letters, dated February, 1880, and October 1882. His only reply is the following, dated November 3, 1882: "Pardon me for saying that 'if the rose would smell as sweet by any other name,' surely the blood of tortured animals would also retain its repulsive odor under any other designation." Perhaps Mr. Bergh and Miss Cobbe vaguely apprehend that, should the intelligent people of their respective lands once realize that three fourths or more of what are indiscriminately stigmatized as vivisections are absolutely painless, their denunciations would have little weight, their occupations would be gone.
Specific repressive legislation is commonly directed against the ignorant or the vicious. Laws for the suppression of vivisection stand almost alone as aimed against those who are charged with the mental and physical welfare of the community, and whose official positions and social relations would enable them to further materially the general objects of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. I am not aware of any action upon the part of the teachers of this State respecting Mr. Bergh's efforts to deprive them of the most effective means of illustrating physiology, but the sentiment of the medical profession has been clearly expressed. As stated by Dr. Dalton,[13] and in the "Medical Record" for February 28, 1880, and February 10, 1883, Resolutions affirming the value of experiments upon animals, and deprecating legislative interference therewith, have been adopted by seven medical schools of the State, by the State Medical Society, and by sixteen organizations representing various localities or special branches of the science. It is hardly to be expected that many physicians[14] or teachers will enroll themselves under the banner of humanity to animals so long as the same staff carries the black flag of anti-vivisection, which in their eyes is inhumanity to man.
Few educated persons doubt that experimental physiology has practically contributed something to human welfare, and the probability or even possibility that knowledge so gained might save the life or the health of a single child must be felt, at least by the parents of that child, to justify the sacrifice of "a wilderness of monkeys," not to mention lower forms. Naturally, therefore, among the writers in favor of vivisection, nearly all have confined their arguments to the medical and surgical advances which have been made or aided thereby. Some (Dalton, Foster, Leffingwell, and Yeo) have implied, perhaps unintentionally, that physiology appertains only to medical science; while others (Owen, Tait, etc.),[15] defenders as well as opposers of vivisection, exclude it from the category of appliances for instruction. Yielding to none in my conviction of the indispensableness of experiments on animals to the prevention and healing of disease and injury, I believe that a higher and broader ground should be taken. "The knowledge of the human body," whether gained by dissection or by experiment, "belongs to every man, woman, and child, and has no more exclusive connection with physic than with law, engineering, or architecture." Consequently, had vivisection accomplished absolutely nothing for medicine or surgery, nevertheless experiments upon animals, necessarily painful in some cases, should be performed by competent persons for the advancement of physiological knowledge, just as experiments are done in chemical and physical research, and experiments, commonly painless, should be constantly employed in physiological teaching, simply because the information so imparted is more interesting, more intelligible, and more lasting than what is given in any other way[16] The spirit and methods of modern scientific teaching are well conveyed in the motto, "Iter longum per præcepta, breve per exempla," to which may be added the metric imitation of a familiar proverb, "A gramme of experiment is worth a kilogramme of talk." Logically, indeed, unless it be wrong to kill animals for the sake of mental acquisition, the exclusion of painless experiments from physiological teaching would be comparable with the abolition of museums, models, and vivaria of all kinds because most animals have been figured and described. On this point most persons will admit the force of Dr. Bartholow's query, "If animals are sacrificed for the support of men's bodies, why should they not contribute to the improvement of men's minds?"[17]
III. "An act for the more effectual prevention of cruelty to animals," passed April 12, 1867, embraces two sections relating to experimentation upon animals:
Section 1. If any person shall overdrive, overload, torture, torment, deprive of necessary sustenance, or unnecessarily[18] or cruelly beat, or needlessly mutilate or kill, or cause or procure to be overdriven, . . . or needlessly mutilated or killed, as aforesaid, any living creature, every such offender shall, for every such offense, be guilty of a misdemeanor. . . .
Sec. 10. Nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit or interfere with any properly conducted scientific experiments or investigations, which experiments shall be performed only under the authority of some regularly incorporated medical college or university of the State of New York.
The following is the bill for the total suppression of vivisection which has been introduced, at the instance of Mr. Bergh, at the last three sessions of the Legislature:
Section 1. Every person who shall perform, or cause to be performed, or assist in performing, in or upon any living animal, an act of vivisection, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
Sec 2. The term vivisection used in this act shall include every investigation, experiment, or demonstration, producing, or of a nature to produce, pain or disease in any living animal, including the cutting, wounding, or poisoning thereof; except when the same is for the purpose of curing or alleviating some physical suffering or disease in such living animal, or in order to deprive it of life when incurable.
Whether or not this law would, or is designed to, interfere with the slaughtering of animals for food, or with the extermination of pests, or even with the drowning or suffocation of impounded dogs under the supervision of Mr. Bergh's Society, does not especially concern physiologists; but the points indicated by the italicized words are worthy of consideration. In the law of 1867, the words needlessly and properly are used. In the absence of specification as to who shall determine what is needless or proper, would not the decision rest with the administrators and executors of the law? If so, might not the first section be so interpreted as to permit any amount of pain as "needful" for scientific purposes? Other magistrates and police, on the contrary, might deny the "propriety" of any experiment upon living creatures, and thus interdict everything of the kind under the tenth and apparently permissive section. The tenth section expressly restricts even "properly conducted experiments" to medical colleges and universities. Pending the elimination of this impediment to the advancement and diffusion of physiological knowledge by private individuals and by the teachers in the normal and other schools, it is to be hoped that the clause may be interpreted as liberally as are the Sunday laws of the "New Penal Code." The peroration of Mr. Bergh's vivisection address puts the following words into the mouth of a "victim": "If my life be necessary to you, take it." The most natural interpretation of this sentence is that, in the mind of its author, the advancement or dissemination of human knowledge is sufficient justification for putting an animal to death. But his proposed law permits no cutting, wounding, or poisoning excepting for the sake of the animal itself. What are we to understand upon this fundamental question?[19]
Respecting the last section of the law of 1867, Mr. Bergh says, "So long as this remains unrepealed, these scientific horrors, which I hold to he an insult to the Deity and to the civilization of our generation, will proceed."[20] Let us see what facts Mr. Bergh has to offer in support of so decided a condemnation. Of his Vivisection Address, several pages are occupied with descriptions of more or less cruel European experiments, and with lurid comments thereon; a single page is devoted to a single New York case. Immediately after dwelling at some length upon the atrocities perpetrated in the veterinary school at Alfort, in France, he says: "Those of you who have Been able to listen to the recitals I have just made, will, perchance, experience a glow of national pride at the thought that such devilish deeds are impossible in this happy land of yours; but your self-gratulation is but partially true, as I have lately had occasion to verify. On the 19th of December, 1879, I dispatched an officer of the society I represent to attend an exhibition of a similar sort at one of the colleges of the city of New York. . . . A live dog was brought in, said to be under the influence of an anæsthetic." The rest of the description indicates that the experiment was the same as No. 6 of those mentioned upon page 171. So far, therefore, as depends upon the evidence furnished by Mr. Bergh, to evoke the law for the suppression of vivisection in the State of New York, because formerly anæsthetics were unknown, and because in France they are still too often unemployed, is as if an army were summoned for the extermination of the panthers in the "North Woods," upon the pleas that they were numerous and dangerous not many years ago, and that at the present time in India thousands of people are annually slain by tigers.
So far as I can ascertain, Mr. Bergh is not only the originator and instigator of the anti-vivisection legislation in this State, but almost its sole supporter. No articles by members of his society have come to my notice. According to the "Medical Record" for March 13, 1880 (page 292), in that year but a single vote was cast in the Assembly against the acceptance of the adverse report of the committee to which his bill had been referred. Its fate at the last session is thus announced in the Annual Report of his Society: "That sum of all physiological villainy, vivisection, which I again recommended to the consideration of that sapient State congress which was characterized by a portion of the press as a 'mob,' has been remorselessly, and at the bidding of a heartless and opinionated medical faculty, disrespectfully slaughtered as before."
Nevertheless, in a letter dated November 24, 1882, Mr. Bergh says, "I am not quite sure whether I shall introduce a vivisection bill at the ensuing session"; and in view of what has taken place in England, at first sight a most unlikely nursery for any movement in behalf of animals, it may be well to consider somewhat carefully his qualifications for leadership in a movement of such importance.
IV. The experiment above mentioned is characterized by Mr. Bergh as "the crucifixion of a sentient, unoffending being, . . . an immortal work of the Deity." The grave question of the immortality of animals need not be discussed here. The adjective unoffending is objectionable merely because, like so many other words used by the same writer, it tends to throw a sentimental film over the eyes of logic and severe justice through which the whole matter should be viewed, and it is altogether probable that the dog thus utilized for the exemplification of several important physiological truths was, like most vivisection "subjects," a worthless street cur whose death, in the manner described, was a relief to the community, and a positive deliverance from a worse fate through hunger or cold, or at the hands of ill-regulated boys. But, in the entire absence of evidence that the animal was conscious, the use of the words sentient, crucifixion, and exhibition of a similar sort constitutes an exaggeration so great and so mischievous that it can not be lightly passed. It is akin to affirmations in other parts of the address: "The effect of curare in itself is horrible beyond conception; . . . it is an error to suppose that anaesthetics subdue completely the pain of operations; . . . the hands of the preceptors in our medical colleges are daily incarnated with the warm blood of tortured animals ruthlessly slaughtered." If, with Huxley, we hold that "the assertion that outstrips evidence is not only a blunder but a crime," the offenses of Mr. Bergh are too many for enumeration here.
The "quotations" upon which Mr. Bergh bases the surprising claim[21] that "vivisection has been the subject of universal condemnation by the more eminent members of the medical profession in Europe," have been scrutinized by Dr. Dalton.[22] After showing that Professor W. B. Carpenter expressly repudiates the views attributed to him, Dr. Dalton inquires: "What shall we call this manipulation of the facts used to convey an impression at variance with the reality? If we did not know that it came from a professional philanthropist, we should be inclined to give it a very awkward name." Again: "If confinement in State-prison were the legal penalty for tampering with an author's opinions and falsifying his language, I am afraid Mr. Bergh would have been there long ago."
It can hardly be denied that, taken by themselves, some of Mr. Bergh's affirmations and accusations suggest that his hatred of vivisection is stronger than his love for courtesy and truth, and if the argument sævus in Europa, scevus in America, which is really all he has to offer against New York physiologists, were turned against him in the original form of falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus, the advocates of unlimited dog-fights and cocking-mains might well object to the recognition of such a witness against their favorite sports. But, when all else is considered, the evidence proves too much. The man of pure and upright life; the heroic defender of the weak against the brutal; the tireless organizer of a society, for the main object of which he has secured legislative and legal co-operation, and the sympathy of the better part of the community, surely such a man can not be a common scold and an habitual liar.
Is there a less harsh alternative? After thoughtful consideration of nearly all Mr. Bergh's published writings, and of several courteous private letters, I conclude that, in regard to experimentation upon animals he is not morally perverse, but mentally incapacitated for accurate observation, correct quotation, logical argument, or legitimate conclusion; that, in short, so far as vivisection is concerned, he is of unsound mind.[23] This charitable view of his character may serve to explain passages like the following:[24] "As another proof of the profane extremes to which these dissectors of living animals will go, Robert McDonald, M. D., declared that he had opened the veins of a dying person, remember, and had injected the blood of an animal into them, many times, and had met with brilliant success. In other words, this potentate has discovered the means of thwarting the decrees of Providence, where a person was dying, and snatching away from its Maker a soul which he had called away from earth."[25]
In view of all these things, is Mr. Bergh's single-handed crusade against practical physiology anything more than an unintentional burlesque of reform? Is it compatible with the highest usefulness of the society which he represents or with the dignity of the Legislature of a great State that he should be permitted to repeat the fiasco? Should he persist, in open disregard of his own dictum, "Laws can not precede public opinion, but must be the outgrowth of that opinion," the interests of humanity in its widest sense would certainly be promoted in this State by the authoritative assurance that his extreme views are not shared by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
V. The concluding division of this article combines: A. A summary of the facts and views already presented; B. A brief statement of certain matters which could not be fully discussed on this occasion; C. An expression of what I believe to be the sentiment of unprejudiced, humane, well-informed persons respecting the legitimacy of experiments upon animals and the desirability of legal interference therewith.
1. The object of an experiment may be the advancement of knowledge by research, or its diffusion by teaching.
2. In respect to the infliction of pain and death, experiments are of four kinds: (1.) The animal has been recently killed; (2.) The animal is rendered insensible by anæsthetics and killed before revival; (3.) Anæsthetics are used during the experiment, but the animal revives and endures the healing of wounds; (4.) Without anæsthetics, the animal is subjected to cutting operations, or to the effects of poisons or of insufficient food.
3. All experiments at Cornell University belong to the first two groups. Of all the experiments performed during the past year in the State of New York, whether for research or instruction, probably less than one tenth would come under the fourth class, and not more than one tenth under the third. In view of what is learned from these experiments, the total amount of pain and death inflicted is insignificant.
4. It is desirable to make a verbal distinction between painful and painless experiments, and to adopt a single term in place of the phrase experimentation upon animals.[26]
5. Over and above the utilitarian argument drawn from its subserviency to medical science, physiology should be pursued and illustrated experimentally like chemistry or physics, because it is a most interesting and suggestive branch of knowledge.
6. In the State of New York are very few men whose natural and acquired powers of body and mind qualify them to determine when painful experiments are required, to perform them successfully, and to wisely interpret the results. Such men, deserving alike of the highest honor and the deepest pity, should exercise their solemn office not only unrestrained by law, but upheld by public sentiment.
7. All teachers of physiology, from primary schools to universities, should illustrate their instruction by experiments upon animals, chiefly if not wholly painless.
8. All experiments should indirectly inculcate humanity to animals. The victims should be treated with respect on account of what is learned from them, and with gentleness because "cruelty to animals is the beginning of cruelty to man." Even the administration of anaesthetics should cause the least possible discomfort.
9. The abolition of vivisection in the State of New York is demanded by a single individual, who has not as yet displayed the necessary qualifications for dealing with so large a problem. The laws proposed by him are vaguely framed, and inconsistent with his own utterances upon the subject.
10. A single physician has advocated legal restriction of painful experiments. Otherwise, so far as appears from published resolutions, legislative interference is opposed by the medical profession of this State.
11. Judging from English experience, the interdiction of all vivisection would seriously impede the progress of physiology in this State.
12. While physiologists justly resent attacks grounded in ignorance and maudlin sentimentality, they should avoid and discountenance even the appearance of bravado and indifference to the suffering of animals.
13. So long as the people and the Legislature are satisfied that physiological investigators and teachers regard the infliction of pain as undesirable on every account, no legal restrictions are likely to be put upon vivisection in the State of New York.


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iHerb Customer Reviews
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The best hand soap I have had in my house.
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Final thoughts from another difficult Cavs loss at the buzzer... If ever there was a night to give someone other than Kyrie Irving the final shot, this was it. Now let me be clear, I have no problem with Byron Scott putting the ball in Irving's hand at the end of the game. He made a 3-pointer to pull them within 101-100 just seconds earlier and he has hit countless big shots for this team since entering the league.
Final Thoughts: Nets 103, Cavs 100
From Ohio.com
Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories
USA TODAY Sports


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Hubby loves them bought for car use. Ideal for bright winter sun. Comfortable to wear and of good quality


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Zmovie - Family Movies
Movies > Family > New Releases
Try our Advanced Search to find exactly what you are looking for.
Rufus-2 (2017)
Release: February 13, 2017
zmovie Rufus-2 (2017)
Rufus is a dog but turns into a human with a pendant. He meets a girl named Kat who asks him to go out. Kat is a cat who can also turn into a human as well.
Director: Savage Steve Holland
Cast: Jade Pettyjohn, Jace Norman, Davis Cleveland, Kirsten Robek, Lisa Durupt, Haley Tju, Nils Hognestad, Lizzie Boys, Emily Delahunty, Chad Riley, Amitai Marmorstein, Wesley Salter, Kalvin Olafson, Ella Kosor, Andrew Creightney
Surf\'s Up 2: WaveMania (2017)
Release: January 17, 2017
zmovie Surf\'s Up 2: WaveMania (2017)
Surf\'s Up 2: WaveMania: An animated comedy that features WWE Superstars, providing their own voices while matching up against talking animals.
Director: Henry Yu
Cast: John Cena, Diedrich Bader, Jon Heder, Jeremy Shada, Saraya-Jade Bevis, Mark Calaway, Paul Levesque, Vince McMahon
Monster Trucks (2017)
Release: January 13, 2017
zmovie Monster Trucks (2017)
This movie is about a teenager named Tripp (Lucas Till) and his tutor Meredith (Jane Levy). One day, Tripp finds a remarkable creature that has never been heard of before. He decides to keep the creature and names him Creech. Tripp makes a huge truck where he can keep Creech inside and use Creech as the engine. He then has to get Creech back home with the help of Meredith. The oil people, which only loves money, want him dead. If people find out about him they will want to study him and protect him. This would cause the company to shut down.
Director: Chris Wedge
Cast: Lucas Till, Jane Levy, Thomas Lennon, Barry Pepper, Rob Lowe, Danny Glover, Amy Ryan, Holt McCallany, Frank Whaley, Aliyah O'Brien, Daniel Bacon, Faustino Di Bauda, Jedidiah Goodacre, Samara Weaving, Stacey Scowley
Apple of My Eye (2017)
Release: January 10, 2017
zmovie Apple of My Eye (2017)
A young girl struggles after a traumatic horse riding accident causes her to lose her eyesight. CHARLES, the head trainer of Southeastern Guide Dogs, trains Apple, a miniature horse, to be her companion and surrogate eyes.
Director: Castille Landon
Cast: Amy Smart, Burt Reynolds, AJ Michalka, Liam McIntyre, Nick Bateman, Jack Griffo, Charlie Barnett, Lindsay Lamb, Castille Landon, Avery Arendes, Thaddeus Ygnacio, Maddi Jane
Sticky Notes (2016)
Release: December 31, 2016
zmovie Sticky Notes (2016)
A story about love and loss. And maybe one day - love again.
Director: Amanda Sharp
Cast: Ray Liotta, Rose Leslie, Gina Rodriguez, Carmen Tonry, Justin Bartha, Terese Aiello, Chelsea Bayles, Kenneth Kynt Bryan, Madison Calderon, Sylvia Grace Crim, Dave Davis, Stacie Davis, Sharon Farmer, Zacharias Foppe, Blake Harthcock
Life in the Snow (2016)
Genre: Documentary Family | Info
Release: December 29, 2016
zmovie Life in the Snow (2016)
Gordon Buchanan travels to Norway and Austria to search for animals that live in snowy conditions and have adapted to survive in cold weather. He also takes a look at the lives of animals associated with Christmas.
Cast: Gordon Buchanan
Were Going on a Bear Hunt (2016)
Release: December 24, 2016
zmovie Were Going on a Bear Hunt (2016)
Stan, Katie, Rosie, Max, the baby and Rufus the dog decide to go on an adventure in search of bears.
Director: Joanna Harrison, Robin Shaw
Cast: Elsie Cavalier, Olivia Colman, Pam Ferris, Ozzie Latta, Michael Rosen, Mark Williams
zmovie Sing (2016)
Set in a world like ours but entirely inhabited by animals, Buster Moon a dapper koala who presides over a once-grand theater that has fallen on hard times. Buster is an eternal-some might even say delusional-optimist who loves his theater above all and will do anything to preserve it. Now faced with the crumbling of his life's ambition, he has one final chance to restore his fading jewel to its former glory by producing the world's greatest singing competition.
Cast: Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, John C. Reilly, Taron Egerton, Tori Kelly, Jennifer Saunders, Jennifer Hudson, Garth Jennings, Peter Serafinowicz, Nick Kroll, Beck Bennett, Jay Pharoah, Nick Offerman
A Nutcracker Christmas (2016)
Release: December 10, 2016
zmovie A Nutcracker Christmas (2016)
Ballerina Lilly James (Amy Ackler) is raising her sister\'s daughter (Sophia Lucia). Her niece turns out to be a ballet prodigy and is offered the lead in The Nutcracker. The director, Mark, (Sascha Radetsky) is Lilly\'s ex boyfriend.
Director: Michael Lembeck
Cast: Amy Acker, Sascha Radetsky, Sophia Lucia, Kenneth Welsh, Katherine Barrell, Siobhan Murphy, Shauna MacDonald, Raven Dauda, Geri Hall, Tina Pereira, Brett van Sickle, Sara Mitich, Deborah Grover, Shane Daly, Payton Ritchie
Christmas With The Andersons (2016)
Release: December 10, 2016
zmovie Christmas With The Andersons (2016)
Mike and Caroline Anderson have always gone all out with parties and gifts for Christmas with their 10-year-old twins Brendan and Julia. But when Michael loses his job just before the holidays, it looks like Christmas is canceled -- until they receive a visit from wacky Aunt Katie, who helps them realize they can still pull off Christmas with no money, and rediscover what\'s most important.
Director: Michael Feifer
Cast: Christy Carlson Romano, George Stults, Julie Brown, Barry Livingston, Kathleen Gati, Caia Coley, Ion Overman, Dale Godboldo, Rene Michelle Aranda, Luke Judy, Ashley Maure, Savannah Judy, Kannon Kurowski, Calvin Zwicker, Kelsey Sandoval
Albert (2016)
Release: December 09, 2016
zmovie Albert (2016)
is the story of a tiny Douglas fir tree named who has big dreams of becoming Empire City\'s most famous Christmas tree. When the search for this year\'s tree is announced, believes he has found his calling and hits the road with his two best friends, Maisie the persistently positive plam tree, and Gene the abrasive and blisteringly honest weed, to fulfill his destiny. With a few prickly situations along the way, and Cactus Pete out to stop him, learns the true meaning of Christmas.
Director: Max Lang
Cast: John DiMaggio, Judah Friedlander, Mary Pat Gleason, Lara Jill Miller, Bobby Moynihan, Rob Riggle, Breanna Yde, Sasheer Zamata
A Dream of Christmas (2016)
Release: December 03, 2016
zmovie A Dream of Christmas (2016)
When a restless young married woman is granted a wish by a Christmas Angel to be single again, she soon discovers her new life isn\'t what she bargained for, and embarks on a quest to win her husband back.
Director: Gary Yates
Cast: Paul Essiembre, Stephanie Moroz, John B. Lowe, Jackson Blake, Zoe Fish, Ernie Pitts, Susanna Portnoy, Tom Young, Ray Strachan, Cassandra Potenza, Mike Bell, Kristen Harris, Onalee Minuk, Richard Krahn, Adam Hurtig
Heaven Sent (2016)
Release: December 03, 2016
zmovie Heaven Sent (2016)
Echoing in the deepest depths of space, a humble prayer ascends: One from Maire Taylor, a smart, beautiful businesswoman who asks that her husband find the strength and wisdom to let go of their 9 year old marriage ... While a second prayer simultaneously comes from Billy Taylor, a hopelessly romantic artist who asks that his wife receive the strength and wisdom to hold on. From these humble pleas, comes an answer in the form of a little miracle (an 8 year old runaway from heaven) who takes it upon herself to rekindle the once intimate friendship and romance that has slowly, but surely slipped away from Billy and Maire due to a heart-wrenching loss. Using all of her skill and charm (as well as some well-intentioned mischief!) our little 8 year old runaway comically sets out to heal their broken hearts and save their marriage by helping them get back to the basics of love.
Director: Michael Landon Jr.
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The Rooftop Christmas Tree (2016)
Release: December 01, 2016
zmovie The Rooftop Christmas Tree (2016)
Inspired by a true story, this Christmas romance ends with a miracle you will never forget. No one in the small southern town of Rosedale knows why reclusive Mr. Landis places a lit Christmas tree on the roof of his deteriorating home.
Director: David Winning
Cast: Michelle Morgan, Tim Reid, Stephen Huszar, Roger Dunn, Alison Brooks, Peter Michael Dillon, Krista Morin, Julia Scarlett Dan, Toni Ellwand, Eddie Guillaume, Shannon Lawson, Roseline Mouana, Sean Tucker, Jacob Williams
Dolly Partons Christmas of Many Colors Circle of Love (2016)
Release: November 30, 2016
zmovie Dolly Partons Christmas of Many Colors Circle of Love (2016)
An unexpected blizzard threatens the Parton family, while at the same time Dolly\'s father (and his kids) make sacrifices to raise enough money to finally buy his wife the wedding ring he ...
Director: Stephen Herek
Cast: Alyvia Alyn Lind, Dolly Parton, Gerald McRaney, Ricky Schroder, Kelli Berglund, Jennifer Nettles, Hannah Nordberg, Jane McNeill, Stella Parton, Kennedy Brice, Cameron Jones, Farrah Mackenzie, Alana Cavanaugh, Parker Sack, Mitch Eakins
I\'ll Be Home for Christmas (2016)
Release: November 27, 2016
zmovie I\'ll Be Home for Christmas (2016)
I\'ll Be Home for Christmas: Jackie Foster (Suvari), is a dynamic Assistant District Attorney and single mom. But when Jackie\'s estranged dad, Jack (Brolin), a gruff retired police officer, unexpectedly shows up at her door, they will be forced to confront old wounds.
Director: James Brolin
Cast: Angela Asher, Jacob Blair, Melissa Bolona, James Brolin, Michael Vincent Dagostino, Melanie Demers, Sienna Demers, Kayla Dumont, Giselle Eisenberg, Leigh Elliott, Sharon Lewis, Laura Miyata, John Reardon, Mena Suvari, Dale Whibley
The Christmas Swap (2016)
Release: November 26, 2016
zmovie The Christmas Swap (2016)
A holiday wish becomes a magical Christmas switch in TV One\'s original movie when two brothers (Christian Keyes and Dondre Whitfield) magically switch bodies
Director: Jerry LaMothe
Cast: Dondre Whitfield, Christian Keyes, Stella Doyle, Diallo Thompson, Delpaneaux Wills, Chris Whitley, Tracey Heggins, Jaylon Gordon, Judd Lormand, Jael Roberson, Nathan Tyler, Tim Ware, Kent Fields, James Bigwood, G. Garvin
Legends of the Hidden Temple The Movie (2016)
Release: November 26, 2016
zmovie Legends of the Hidden Temple The Movie (2016)
Three siblings who break away from a lackluster temple tour in a jungle finds themselves immersed in a real-life mission comprised of obstacles that they must complete in order to escape alive.
Director: Joe Menendez
Cast: Isabela Moner, Dee Bradley Baker, Daniel Cudmore, Michael Benyaer, James Black, Jet Jurgensmeyer, Colin Critchley, Kirk Fogg, Catia Ojeda, Jaret Martino, Darcy Hinds, David Michie, Oscar Torre, Ioan Sebastian Tirlui
If You Give a Mouse a Christmas Cookie (2016)
Release: November 25, 2016
zmovie If You Give a Mouse a Christmas Cookie (2016)
Celebrate the season with two new fun and heartwarming Amazon Original holiday specials. The Snowy Day, based on the award-winning book by Ezra Jack Keats, follows Peter on a magical, ...
Director: NA
Cast: Jeff Bennett, Roger Craig Smith
90th Annual Macy\'s Thanksgiving Day Parade (2016)
Release: November 24, 2016
zmovie 90th Annual Macy\'s Thanksgiving Day Parade (2016)
90th Annual Macy\'s Thanksgiving Day Parade: NBC celebrates the 90th Annual Macy\'s Thanksgiving Day Parade with a look back at America\'s most beloved procession.
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In this page you will meet our school's team. They will make sure you enjoy a problem-free and safe stay with us.
James Birrell, Head of School
Hello, I'm James and I'm the Head of School here at Hampstead – great to meet you!
I was born and grew up in a small village just outside of Cambridge. I have been lucky to travel extensively over the past few years for both work and pleasure, but the cobbled streets of Cambridge still remains to be one of my all-time favourite places. I love meeting people, experiencing different cultures and eating new cuisine which from an early age led me to travel. My top destinations have to be Greece for the fantastic food and beaches and France for the magic mountains, delicious cheese and amazing après ski. I am quite active in my free time, no more so than when I ran the New York marathon which has to be my greatest achievement. I also love reading and my top picks from the bookshelf would be anything by Stephen Fry who I think is a very imaginative writer.
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I was born and bred in London in a family of Italian origin. Growing up in a bi-lingual situation gave me an insight into language learning and has helped me in my career as an English teacher. I went to Italy in 1992 and was based in Turin for a number of years. I arrived at Hampstead School of English in 2000 and since then I have moved into management roles firstly as Assistant Director, then Director of Studies and now Academic Director.
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Hello, I'm Jane the Academic Manager. Born and educated in Scotland, I chose to make London my home. I love my Scottish heritage and culture, but London is, for me, the very best place to live. I've been fortunate to have two careers – I spent several years in the fashion business, travelling all over the world (hardly ever touching down in London). I met many interesting people and saw some wonderful places at times of great change – Hong Kong, China, India to name but a few. During this time I always thought, if I wasn't doing this, I would like to train to teach English, the Lingua Franca, to enable others to travel extensively and to work and experience other cultures as I had. I completed the training and have been here at Hampstead since 2007. It's been a fantastic place to work – I taught for 7 years (specialising in Business English and exams) completing my Delta in 2010. Now in the role of Academic Manager, I'm part way through my DETLM. Outside of school I love to cook and enjoy sharing the results with friends. I'm also an enormous dog lover and enjoy walking in London's beautiful green spaces.


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This is another friend from Ft. Campbell, KY.
I did several different techniques:
For the H I printed out a letter and then cut light cardboard and glued it to the pink paper. I also used a dab of Tim Holtz distress ink, frayed burlap around the sides of the H. I used stamps from The Paper Studio to finish the name.
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TECHNART 2015 − Catania, April 27 - 30, 2015
Registration fee (intended to cover organizational costs)
Fees are in Euros (€), VAT 22% included. Participants are invited to check carefully the instructions for registration and payment below on this page. Please note that the Registration is considered fulfilled only after the payment of the fee. An email will confirm you the full registration to the conference. Invoice will be issued for every fee paid and sent by e-mail.
|By February 28, 2015
|March 1 - April 3, 2015
|Regular Participant
|€ 450,00
|€ 600,00
|ICOM-CC and AIAr members**
|Accompanying Person
|Single Day
STUDENTS MUST SUBMIT PROOF OF THEIR STUDENT STATUS, by sending to Questo indirizzo email è protetto dagli spambots. E' necessario abilitare JavaScript per vederlo.
a presentation letter from their Institution. Student registration is available for undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students ONLY. The number of reduced fees for students is limited and they will be attributed on a first come, first served basis.
Each participant has to register personally. Group registrations are not possible.
The Registration deadline is the April 3, 2015. After this date, only on-site registration will be allowed if places are still available. Please note that in that case, the Conference kit cannot be guaranteed.
The Conference fee for regular participants and students includes:
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- all lunches (from Monday 27th and Thursday 30th),
- Conference dinner (Wednesady, 29 April 2015, Palazzo Biscari),
- Conference tour (Friday, 1 May 2015, Etna & Taormina or Siracusa & Noto).
Accompanying person's fee includes coverage for:
- welcome reception (Sunday, 26 April, 2015, Museo Diocesano),
- Conference dinner (Wednesady, 29 April 2015, Palazzo Biscari),
- Conference tour (Firday, 1 May 2015, Etna & Taormina or Siracusa & Noto).
On-line Registration and payment methods
To proceed with the Registration to the Technart 2015, you should follow the Online Registration link.
You will be forwarded to the "Shougun Agency" secure site and you will have to fill-in a form. Make sure to include your name, address, affiliation and other relevant information. Then you have to select the payment method and make sure to fill-in correctly the "billing address" box, as this data will be used to address your invoice.
The fee payment should be effected in Euro (€) throught the "Shougun Agency" system by credit card (Visa, Mastercard) or bank transfer. On-line payments are secured by Secure Socket Layer (SSL).
For the bank transfer payment the following account must be used:Bank name: BANCO POPOLARE SOCIETA' COOPERATIVABank Agency: Agenzia di San Gregorio di CataniaIBAN: IT53D05034 84200 000000011703SWIFT CODE: BAPPIT21C93Account holder: IL MOSAICO VIAGGI E TURISMO DI A. ROMEO & C. SASIndication: Technart 2015 - Participation of First Name, Family Name, Institution, City, Country.
As an option, the reservation of the hotel also possible during the registration precedure. In this case you can decide to pay the selected accomodation throught the "Shougun Agency" secure system or directly at the Hotel.
In any case, the registration to the Technart 2015 is considered fulfilled after the payment of the conference fee. An email will inform you of the full registration.
Cancellation and refund policy
All cancellations need to be send by mail (Questo indirizzo email è protetto dagli spambots. E' necessario abilitare JavaScript per vederlo. ).
50 € administrative costs will be charged for each cancellation made by February 27, 2015.
Thereafter, a higher fee of 250 € will be invoiced. No cancellation it will be possible after April 3, 2015.


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by Administrator
Posted on 08.02.2013
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With summer halfway in the books, many 'Net professionals have found the time to get away and unplug, including Website Magazine editors. The pace of innovation and change on the Web, however, never slows down.
Let's all regroup and avoid summer brain drain by discovering the 25 hottest Web stories of July, ranging from coverage of Facebook Graph Search and fueling conversions with mobile apps to technical SEO and tips for developing authoritative content.
Not already a part of our community? Sign up to participate in the discussion. It's free and quick.
Travis B 08-02-2013 9:19 PM
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He is the surrogate granddad for millions of strangers and there are few places in the world he has not been. While age is starting to slow him, his latest series is the most sophisticated nature program ever filmed.
Tom Hardy reveals shadowy James Bond selection process as he throws hat in ring
Ebony Bowden It turns out the selection process for the role of the iconic British spy is so discreet, actors who talk about the role are blacklisted.
Lucasfilm shuts down rumours of digitally recreating Carrie Fisher as Leia
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Amber Sherlock and Julie Snook video: Jimmy Kimmel labels it the 'clip of the year'
Amelia Zhou "I don't know who decided to release this tape, but whoever it was, I just want to say thank you from the bottom of my heart."
Big Bash League: Nine's cricket coverage is stale and blokey so don't let them near the BBL
Debi Enker News that Nine will make a play for the BBL rights can only be greeted with alarm.
The OA: a television puzzle box of mystical kookery
Michael Idato A modern masterpiece or another mystical small-town cliche borrowing from the classics?
Number of women working behind-the-scenes in Hollywood is still dropping, new study finds
Rob Moran Despite the ongoing gender diversity debate, female representation has dropped to 1998 levels, new study finds.
Michelle Obama makes emotional final TV appearance as First Lady on Jimmy Fallon
Rob Moran It was her last TV appearance before she hands over the White House keys to, uh, Melania Trump.
Melbourne outdoor cinemas: your guide this summer
Hannah Francis Open air cinemas are breeding like flies this summer. Here's our guide to the best ones around.
Nine News presenters Amber Sherlock, Julie Snook in awkward off-air exchange
Georgina Mitchell Two journalists for Nine News have had an awkward off-air exchange, after they both turned up for a broadcast wearing white shirts and one demanded the other put a jacket on.


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I was amazed that there was absolutely no mention of gold's brilliant performance last week in Barron's or any other newspaper. Evidently, nobody wanted to even mention gold's upside breakout. Just a complete silence on gold -- amazing. When gold was falling, it was the talk of the town. - Richard Russell, King World News
I have published a couple articles which explain the LBMA Gold Forward Rates (GOFO) and the significance of the GOFO being negative for 31 days in a row now. The negative rates signify an enormous shortage of physical gold that is available to be delivered to large buyers who are now demanding that the gold be delivered to their possession.
Just to be clear, there is a distinct and definitive difference between gold purchased by investors that remains in custody of bullion bank vaults in London vs. gold purchased by buyers who demand actual physical delivery of the metal. It is this physical demand for delivery that will create a short-squeeze of epic proportions as the price of gold will have to adjust to a much higher price level in order to balance out the supply and demand for physically deliverable gold.
The primary source of demand for gold that can be delivered is China. Through the end of June, 1,098 tonnes of gold has been delivered on the Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE). To put this in perspective, the annual global mining output of gold is roughly 2,400 tonnes. But this number has been declining because of the lack of discoveries, among other reasons. In addition, higher cost mines have been mothballed this year after the price of gold was hit in April. Thus, it is likely that the mining output of gold will be a lot lower than last year. For clarification, the gold delivered on the SGE probably comes from both sources inside China and imports. Either way, the amount of gold delivered through the first six months of 2013 is close to 50% of the mined output year-to-date:
The chart above was sourced from Commodities Now and shows the dramatic increase in gold deliveries on the SGE vs. world gold mining through on a monthly basis through June 2013. Demand just from China equals mined supply, it will begin to exert a strong push higher in the price of gold.
Another good indicator of the enormous demand for gold in China right now is the price premium per ounce over the spot price of gold that is being paid on the SGE for gold. Currently the premium is in the low $20's chart sourced from the UBS Metals Group):
As this chart shows, current premiums are at both their highest level and longest duration going back to January 2008. I've added the red circles because those are periods in which the spike in premiums correlated with the beginning of large moves price for gold. From October 2008 to December 2012, gold went up 67% before correcting in price (Comex futures basis). The spike in premiums in early 2011 preceded a move from January to September that year which took gold from $1340 to $1900, or nearly 42%. So far this year the spike in premiums appears to have ushered in a bottom to this nasty two-year correction. From June 28 to present gold has moved up 12% and I fully expect that gold has started an extended a move that will culminate with a new record high price.
While we can track somewhat the amount of gold being purchased by Chinese buyers through imports, it helps to distinguish between what is being purchased and what is actually being physically delivered. it would appear that a massive amount of physical gold is currently being shipped from vaults in London to Switzerland, where it is refined from the standard 400 oz. LBMA bars into smaller products that are demanded by Chinese buyers. As this article from the Financial Times explains, gold exports from the U.K. to Switzerland have jumped to 798 tonnes for the first half of 2013 from 83 tonnes for the same period last year. In fact, U.K. gold exports to Switzerland last year totaled 92 tonnes for all of 2012.
Thus, it is likely that a large amount of the 440+ tonnes of gold drained from the GLD vault has physically moved from London to China. There have also been reports that the 115+ tonnes of gold that has been removed from the Comex warehouses in New York have also made their way to Swiss refiners, with China as the ultimate destination. When you add up the premiums being paid for gold in Shanghai with the enormous flow of physical gold moving from London/NYC to Switzerland and ultimately China, it points to demand for physical gold that can be delivered which exceeds supply. The view that demand exceeds supply right now is further reinforced by the negative GOFO rates, as I explained in this article: Negative GOFO/Physical Shortage.
But it's not just China driving the demand for physically deliverable gold. The widely publicized halt in India's gold imports has officially ended, with gold imports set to resume just in time for the start of India's seasonally strongest period for gold buying begins (festivals and weddings). Last year India imported well over 800 tonnes of gold. If China continues to import at a rate that is equal to global monthly mining output, the addition of India's ramped-up demand will create large upward stress on the price of gold.
To compound this situation, demand for gold in the United Arab Emirates is up 40% over 2012, according to the World Gold Council. The Middle East is one of the largest gold buying regions in the world and this increase in demand will compound the supply problem. Please note that buyers China, India and the Middle East typically demand actual physical delivery of gold.
While there are other indicators I could point to as evidence of a growing shortage of gold that can be physically delivered, the primary factor is the enormous demand for gold from China, India, the rest of Asia and the Middle East. The premiums being paid for gold in China, the visible movement of physical bars from vaults in London/NYC to refiners in Switzerland and the persistent negative Gold Forward rates are definitive indicators that demand for this gold is not only growing but is greater than supply. Ultimately the law of supply and demand dictates that a much higher price for gold will be required to balance out this extraordinary supply/demand imbalance.
To take advantage of the situation ahead of the big move in price, I first and foremost recommend the purchase and personal safekeeping of physical gold and silver. My preference is the 1 oz. gold and silver eagles produced by the U.S. Mint, as well as any other "flavor" of sovereign-minted bullion coins (maple leafs, Austrian philharmonics, etc). If you want to aggressively speculate on a big move in the price of gold, I recommend GLD and call options on GLD.
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article. The fund I manage owns physical gold and silver.


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This project will replace existing water and wastewater mains that together are between 80-120 years of age and are at the end of their useful life. The 1,600 linear feet of existing water main will be replaced with larger diameter water main to ensure proper water quality and fire protection. The 1,500 linear feet of wastewater main that is being replaced frequently experiences blockages and is susceptible to a high infiltration from storm water and ground water. Storm drain infrastructure and upgrades to catch basins will also be included.
The following areas are within the project scope of work: Main Street from Worcester Road to Worcester Road, Maple Street from Main Street to Franklin Street, Moulton Park Road from Main Street to Franklin Street and Granite Street from Main Street to Worcester Road.
May, 2016
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Family of missing man asks for public's help
Room to expand
PORTAGE TOWNSHIP – A need for more space has prompted officials with Gogebic Community College to move to a much larger location in the Copper Country Mall.
Stacy Crouch, GCC director of campus operations, said the Ironwood-based facility's Houghton County branch was located next to the Michigan Works office in the Huron Centre in Houghton, but it eventually became inadequate.
"We had three classrooms at the Huron Centre and (in the mall) we have six classrooms," she said.
Crouch said GCC also conducted night classes at Hancock Central High School and Chassell High School.
Now, Crouch said all classes will be conducted in the slightly less than 12,000-square-foot facility in what was formerly three storefronts, including the Foot Locker shoe store. The mall location has a science lab, computer lab, a nursing classroom and three general education classrooms.
The 10-year lease agreement for the new location at the mall is with mall owners, UPM Management LLC (Moyle), according to a written statement on the move from GCC.
Crouch said GCC opened a location in Hancock in the 1990s, then in 2007 it moved into the location in the Huron Centre.
Classes will start in the new location Monday, Crouch said, and for the GCC fall semester, 275 students were registered for classes.
Previously, Crouch said the classes at the high schools were conducted at night, but with the new facility, there will be a greater choice for students.
"We're going to have classes throughout the day," she said.
The written statement from GCC on the move to the mall indicates what will be offered in the new location.
"The GCC Copper Country office currently employs three regular staff, a full-time nursing instructor, and approximately 20 adjunct instructors while offering approximately 35 courses each semester in general studies, business, criminal justice, and personal enrichment or job upgrade. GCC also offers programs in Early Childhood Education, Emergency Medical Technician as well as the Licensed Practical Nursing Certificate and the Associate Degree in Nursing in the Copper Country area."
The written statement also states the enrollment of students in the Copper Country is 20 percent of total credits for the college.
Although the mall has been having problems with occupancy, Crouch said having GCC there may change that situation.
"Hopefully, us being here will help other businesses in the mall," she said.
Since there will be students, faculty and staff traveling through the mall to get to the classes, Crouch said they may take the opportunity to use the existing businesses in the mall, which could encourage other businesses to locate there.
Despite the move to the mall, Crouch said GCC had a good relationship with Michigan Works, which leased the college space at the Huron Centre, and with the schools, which allowed the use of their classrooms.
Crouch said GCC officials are glad about the move to the mall.
"They're excited about this opportunity," she said.