text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 10, 1998
|Filing date
|Sep 26, 1995
|Priority date
|Sep 26, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|John F. Waymouth
|Original Assignee
|Matsushita Electric Works R&D Lab.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (18), Classifications (11), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
RF-excited electrodeless discharge lamps have in recent years become practical devices used in many lighting applications where their high efficiency and long life offer sufficient advantage to overcome the relatively high cost. A popular form of such a device is the inductively-coupled RF electrodeless lamp, in which the plasma of the discharge serves as a single-turn secondary of a transformer, the multiple-turn primary of which is excited by a solid-state RF power supply which is usually contained within the base of the lamp. The exciting primary coil may be internal to the discharge, typically mounted in a re-entrant well protruding into the interior volume of the lamp, or may be external, in the vicinity of the equator of an approximately spherical discharge vessel. The plasma may either be of the low-pressure mercury/rare-gas type producing ultraviolet light for exciting a phosphor, or it may be of the high-pressure metal halide type. Excitation frequencies may vary from a few MHz (used with a ferrite-core transformer) to the ISM frequency of 13.54 MHz.
A serious technical problem in such devices is the potential emission of ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI) at the fundamental and harmonics of the excitation frequency (principally from the exciting coil) as well as at other frequencies which may be generated by the plasma itself. The former, of course, is at discrete frequencies in relatively narrow frequency bands, while the latter may be broad-band in nature. In the U.S., the 13.54�0.05 MHz band is reserved for such non-communication services, as are the second and third harmonics thereof at 27.08 and 40.62 MHz. EMI within these bands is not regulated. However, any broad-band EMI generated by interaction of the plasma and the power source as well as any higher harmonics of the exciting frequency would interfere with communication services, and is stringently regulated. Means of suppression of such emissions is therefore an integral part of any lighting system employing such lamps.
To increase the flexibility of application, it is desirable that such EMI-suppressing means be in fact integral to the lamp itself. Thus such a lamp could be used in many fixtures or portable lamps not having EMI-suppression capabilities since they were originally designed for incandescent lamps. It is known to the prior art, as shown for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,568,859 by Hoekes, Dennemans and Postma, to employ a transparent conductive coating such as indium-tin-oxide disposed on the outer surface of the lamp, and electrically connected to one of the power-supply leads, as is shown in FIG. 1A herein, where the conductive film is connected directly to the ground wire of a three wire system, while in FIG. 1B (herein) the connection is shown through a capacitor to one of the AC power-line leads itself, for use in two-wire systems not having a separate ground connection. The size of the capacitor is chosen to have low impedance at the RF frequency and high impedance at the AC line frequency.
Such thin conductive films do not absorb electromagnetic radiation. They reflect most of it. But radiation which is not reflected is transmitted. The electric field component normal to the surface induces time-varying charges in the transparent conductor. The currents which flow into and out of the film by virtue of these time-varying charges and its connection to ground through the power line constitute the only means of dissipation of electromagnetic power. In many applications, there may be considerable length of electrical conductor, some meters in fact, between the light source and a true earth ground. Since one-quarter wavelength at 13.54 MHz is 5.5 meters, such conductors to which EMI has been diverted may well be excellent antennas. Thus, the prior-art method of suppressing EMI merely transforms EMI directly radiated from the source into EMI conducted by the power line to be subsequently radiated thereby.
It is a principal object of the present invention to provide an improved means of suppression of EMI from RF-excited electrodeless discharge light sources which provides a true absorption and conversion to heat of the unwanted EMI and does not divert it to the power line.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide reflective enclosures for EMI suppression which incorporate true absorbers that convert incident electromagnetic energy to heat.
It is still a further object of the invention to provide reflective layers having reflectance substantially greater than 90%, whereby greatly-improved suppression of EMI is achieved.
These objects are realized through provision of an electrodeless discharge lamp with these elements:
a) means defining an RF-excited electrodeless light source,
b) means defining an RF-reflective light transmissive enclosure, within which the light source is contained having an RF reflectance, at least equal to and preferrably substantially greater than 90% at all RF frequencies for which suppression is desired and a visible light transmission in excess of 90%,
the RF-reflective enclosure being constructed and arranged so that it is not coupled to external power-line connections; and
c) means defining an absorber of RF power at all frequencies for which suppression of EMI is desired, contained within the enclosure, the absorber having an absorption coefficient greater than 40%, a transmission coefficient less than e-3, and an effective area facing the interior of the enclosure between 5% and 40% of the area of the RF-reflective light transmissive enclosure. The absorber can be a special material and/or reactive circuit made up of passive components (R, L, C).
Through operation of these structural elements a reduction in emitted EMI power of a factor at least 2.5 (4 dB)is achieved without transmission of EMI to the power lines, the suppressed EMI being converted to heat in the absorber.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGS. 1A and 1B are cross-section sketches of state-of-the art (prior art) lamps showing the above-discussed features and FIGS. 2-4 and 7a/7b are similar sketches showing preferred embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 1C is a table of skin depth "Delta", -and dielectric coefficient "Kappa" (for r reflectance!=0.5) vs. rho (resistivity);
FIGS. 5-6 are plots of EMI vs. reflector transmittance under conditions stated at each such plot;
FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating possible decorative patterns for imprinting a screen-type reflective layer upon the surface of the envelope of an RF-excited electrodeless lamp; and
FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C (each having subsidiary portions, i.e. 8A-1, 8A-2, 8A-3 B-1, 8B-2, 8B-3, 8C-1, 8C-2, 8C-3) are diagrams of alternative heterostructures usable in lieu of single materials as RF absorbers in practice of the invention.
The arrangement of the prior art (FIGS. 1A, 1B), employing an RF-reflective layer substantially surrounding a source of RF emission, exhibits many of the characteristics of an integrating sphere (such as might be used for luminous-flux measurements). The reflective enclosure is relatively large in comparison to the primary source; it has a reflectivity of the order of 90% or greater and it has an irregular shape. Thus there are many reflections of electromagnetic waves within the enclosure before escape by transmission. Because the entire device is much smaller than a wavelength, with multiple reflections, virtually all possible phases of EM waves are present everywhere within the enclosure. Thus, the reflected powers add incoherently, exactly as in a light flux integrating sphere so large in comparison to a wavelength that interference phenomena may be ignored. One may therefore analyze the RF flux density in such an enclosure using equations closely analogous to those of the integrating sphere.
Let Ps be the primary radiated source power of RF, in watts. For a source of area As, one can approximate the radiation flux density at the source as:
FS =PS /AS watts/cm2 (I)
Let Fr be the randomized incoherent radiation flux density that builds up within the enclosure. The condition determining the value of Fr is that the power dissipation due to transmission of this flux density through the walls of the enclosure plus the absorption of this flux by any absorbers which may be present must equal the total power input from the source. Assuming that the reflective enclosure wall has an area Ar, transmission Tr equal to (l-Rr), and that the enclosure incorporates an absorber of area Aa presented to the interior of the enclosure and absorption coefficient (α) approximately equal to (l-Ra), and neglecting reabsorption in the source, the enclosure flux density is determined from:
Fr (l-Rr)Ar +Fr (1-Ra)Aa =Ps =Fs As (II)
Solving for Fr, ##EQU1##
The EMI power emitted (PEMI) is then the product of this flux density times the area of the reflective enclosure times the transmission of the reflector ##EQU2## (VI) The quantity Ka the "Absorption Factor" is given by: ##EQU3##
It is equal to the absorption coefficient times the ratio of absorber area to reflective enclosure area. Note that if the absorption coefficient αa is zero, the EMI power emitted is the same as the source power. That is to say, purely reflective enclosures provide no reduction of EMI regardless of the reflectivity of the enclosure. The incoherently-reflected flux density within the enclosure increases to the point that the transmitted power equals the source power. In fact, significant reduction in EMI is obtained only if the absorption factor is very much greater than enclosure transmittance. Since absorber area Aa is likely to be substantially less than the area Ar of the optically transparent RF-reflective enclosure, the absorption factor is generally significantly less than 1. Large reductions in emitted EMI are obtained only at small transmittances, i.e. Rr approaching 100 percent.
The foregoing analysis suggests that the prior art connection of a reflector to the power line provides a surrogate for true absorption, with the disadvantages already cited. Moreover, the reflectance for RF of the optically-transparent indium-tin-oxide coating is well below 90%. For an effective absorber area 20% of the RF-reflector area and unity absorption coefficient, this results in a three-fold reduction in EMI, a relatively modest 5 dB.
FIG. 2 shows an electrodeless discharge lamp 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a light-transmissive, RF-reflective layer 14 is applied to the outer surface of the enclosing bulb 12. The lamp is an inductively-coupled RF-excited lamp. The purpose of the reflective layer is to provide reflectance over 90% for improved EMI suppression. Disposed within the RF-reflecting enclosure created thereby is a dielectric-resistive absorbing material 16. That absorber should be of sufficient thickness to have less than e-3 transmittance of RF power, while simultaneously having a reflectance for RF power less than 60% and a corresponding absorption coefficient αa greater than 0.4. The characteristic of less than e-3 transmittance is achieved by having the thickness of the absorbing layer equal to or greater than three times the so-called "skin depth" of the dielectric-resistive absorbing material. The properties of material which are required for such an absorber are discussed in more detail below in connection with the Table of FIG. 1C.
The lamp 10 comprises an rf-power supply 20 and a reentrant well 22 for an inductive coupling coil of the supply which effectively excites a gas in the lamp bulb. Although the absorber is shown in FIG. 2 disposed within the glass vessel, this is not essential. However, if it is external to the glass vessel, it must still be within an RF-reflective enclosure that is connected to the transparent RF reflector disposed on the surface of the bulb, thereby being a part of the reflective enclosure component of the EMI-suppressing means. A constraint upon the position of the absorber, moreover, is that it must not couple significantly to the magnetic induction field of the primary exciting coil; thus, it must be several coil diameters away from that component.
An alternate preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3 is a lamp 10' which employs a critically damped resonant L-C-R circuit as the absorber 16'. Critical damping is achieved by having
R=ωL, with ω=l/(LC)1/2 =2πf
where f is the frequency to be suppressed. Electromagnetic power directed toward this L-C-R circuit by the reflective enclosure is approximately 50% reflected and 50% absorbed in the resistance. Thus, at the resonance frequency, αa is approximately equal to 0.5. Such an embodiment might be conveniently employed to suppress specific harmonics of the excitation frequency, i.e. the fourth harmonic at 54.16 MHz. Because the Q of the circuit is in fact equal to unity, the bandwidth over which absorption is high will nevertheless be quite broad, from approximately 27 to 81 Mhz for a 54 MHz center frequency. One can combine the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3 to suppress not only broad-band EMI but also to provide enhanced suppression at selected harmonics of the excitation frequency. One can also provide multiple L-C-R circuits tuned to different center frequencies to expand the bandwidth of the EMI suppression. Such combinations are within the scope of the teachings herein and within the scope of the present invention.
Because all such means will add cost to the lamp, it may be advantageous in many applications to make the EMI suppression a function of the fixture; this will be especially true in commercial applications, such as recessed downlights or the like. For this purpose, the lamp 10" embodiment shown in FIG. 4 can be utilized. In this lamp, the optical reflector 32 of an enclosed fixture 30 is used as a part of the RF reflective enclosure. A light transmissive, RF-reflective layer is disposed upon the light transmissive lens 34 or between the lamp and the lens, the light transmissive RF-reflective layer being bonded to the RF-reflecting optical reflector. The combination of RF-reflecting optical reflector plus the light-transmissive RF-reflecting layer comprise the RF-reflecting enclosure component of the EMI-suppressive means.
The absorbing means 16" is disposed within the RF cavity created by the RF-reflecting enclosure; in the diagram of FIG. 4, this is shown surrounding the neck of the bulb. This is not an essential requirement, but is merely convenient; in this region, the absorbing means has minimal interference with the gathering and focussing of light by the optical reflector-lens combination.
An L-C-R critically-damped resonant absorber circuit may be disposed within the fixture cavity either in place of or together with the dielectric-resistive absorber means. Such modification is also within the scope of the invention.
The dielectric-resistive absorber material described in connection with FIG. 2 must have simultaneously a reasonably small skin depth (in order that it may be three or more skin depths thick without being too large in dimension) together with an RF reflectance of the order of 50%. These two requirements constitute conditions on the resistivity and on the dielectric coefficient.
The skin depth of a conducting medium is given by:
δ2 =ρ(2/ωμ) (SI Units)(VII)
The RF-reflectance of a conductive dielectric medium is given by:
R=1-2(2ωκ.di-elect cons.ρ)1/2 (SI Units)(VIII)
in which .di-elect cons. and μ are, respectively, the dielectric permittivity and magnetic susceptibility of free space, ω is the radian frequency, ρ is the resistivity, and κ is the dielectric coefficient of the material. The requirement that reflectance be less than or equal to 0.5 means that the second term in Eq(VII) must be greater than or equal to 0.5. Solving for κ,
κ=0.03125/(ω.di-elect cons.ρ) (SI Units)(IX)
The table of FIG. 1C gives calculated values of κ and δ (in centimeters), as a function of resistivity in ohm-cm for the fundamental and third harmonic frequencies of the ISM band. FIG. 5 is a plot of the data of FIG. 1C table. At the third harmonic, skin depth less than one centimeter (permitting absorber thickness less than 3 cm) can be achieved for resistivity of 1 ohm-centimeter. At 1 ohm-cm resistivity, the required value of dielectric coefficient is about 1200. At the fundamental frequency, the resistivity required is 0.6 ohm-cm with a dielectric coefficient of 6000.
Dielectric coefficients of several thousand or more are conveniently available in barium titanate capacitor materials. Although barium titanate may be prepared in a semiconducting state for positive-temperature-coefficient thermistors, the resistivity achieved is typically at least an order of magnitude greater than the 1 ohm-cm required.
Thus, the combination of dielectric coefficient and resistivity required is best obtained from a composite mixture, such as barium titanate and graphite. The resistivity of bulk graphite at ambient temperatures is about 800-3000 micro-ohm-cm. A possible mixture could be prepared from a slurry of particulate barium titanate with powdered graphite in dilute sodium silicate solution ("Aquadag") in such proportions as to have the desired resistivity. Following drying to a damp paste, suitable solid bodies may be fabricated by mechanical pressing and final drying. The sodium silicate serves as binder to maintain the dimensional integrity of the dried body. Alternatively, a layered structure of alternate thick layers of barium titanate and thin layers of graphite slurry should have the necessary properties provided all layers were thin in comparison to the desired skin depth.
The foregoing is cited as an example, to demonstrate that RF absorbing materials having the properties of resistivity and dielectric coefficient necessary for the invention can be prepared. Other methods of achieving the same combination of properties are within scope of the present invention, and are exemplified by heterostructures shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and described as follows.
FIG. 8A, comprising face and end views 8A-1, 8A-2 and an equivalent circuit diagram, 8A-3 shows a columnar heterostructure comprising high dielectric constant insulator elements 81 in parallel with thinner layers of resistive materials 82. The thickness d of the resistive layers is very much less than the transverse dimension D of the dielectric elements. As the diagram (8A-3) illustrates, the equivalent circuit of this structure is that of a resistor Rs in parallel with a capacitor Cs. Equations (X)-(XIII) below describe the system. ##EQU4##
The effective dielectric constant of the heterostructure is approximately that of the dielectric material itself; the effective resistivity is D/2 d times the resistivity of the resistive material. To achieve 1 ohm-cm effective resistivity using, e.g., "Aquadag"™ brand paste as the resistive material (800-3000 micro-ohm-cm) would require D/2 d=330. If the dielectric elements were granules 0.1 mm in dimension, the resistive layers 82 would have to be 1500 Angstroms thick.
FIG. 8B illustrates (at 8B-1) a layered structure, in which layers 83 of high-dielectric constant insulator materials are sandwiched between layers of resistive materials 84, again with dimension D of the dielectric material being very much greater than dimension d of the resistive layers. As the figure indicates, the equivalent circuit of this heterostructure (8B-2) is that of a series string of series-resistor-capacitor pairs. This can be reduced to the further-simplified equivalent circuit (8B-3) of a single resistor-capacitor pair. Equations (XIV)-(XXI) below, describe the system: ##EQU5##
From this final equivalent circuit the effective dielectric constant of the heterostructure (approximately equal to that of the high-dielectric material itself) and the effective resistivity of the composite material can be deduced. The latter is d/D times the instrinsic resistivity of the resistive material. For dielectric layers of 0.1 mm thickness, and resistive material of resistivity of 100 ohm-cm the resistive layers would have to be 10,000 Angstroms thick.
FIG. 8C illustrates (at 8C-1) an alternative layered heterostructure comprising alternate layers of high and low resistivity materials. The resistivity of the low resistivity layers 85 must be very much less than that of the high resistivity layers 86, but the layer thickness must be less than the skin depth in that material. At 13.54 MHz, nichrome (resistivity of 100 micro-ohm-cm) has a skin depth 0.017 cm. Again the ratio d/D is very much less than unity. This heterostructure can be represented by an equivalent circuit (8C-2) of capacitors in parallel with resistors, which can be further reduced to the simplified circuit of a single capacitor in parallel with a resistor. Equations (XXII)-(XXVII) describe the system. ##EQU6##
The effective dielectric constant of the heterostructure is D/d times that of the high-resistance material; the effective resistivity is Nd/L=d/D times the resistivity of the resistive material. For high resistivity material of 1000 ohm-cm and low-resistivity material of 100 ohm-cm as layers of 0.1 mm thickness, the high-resistivity layers would be 1000 Angstroms thick. If the high-resistivity layers had a dielectric constant equal to 2, the effective dielectric coefficient of the heterostructure would be 2000.
Thus it can be seen that there are a variety of heterostructures possible for composite materials having the desired effective values of dielectric constant and resistivity; reasonable values of dimensional ratios to serve as starting points for iterative trials, within a reasonable scope, can be deduced by those skilled in the art from equivalent circuits of these heterostructures and the intrinsic properties of the component materials themselves.
FIG. 6 is a plot of the relative EMI power emitted as a function of RF reflector transmittance, for various values of absorption factor Ka. This was done to assess influence of reflectance of the rf-reflecting layer. Such a range of absorption factors would be generated for absorption coefficient αa =0.5 and the ratio of absorber area to RF-reflector area 0. 1, 0.2, and 0.4, respectively. As can be seen, for this range of absorption factors, suppression of EMI by more than a factor 10 (10 dB) requires RF transmittances less than 1%. To approach a factor 100 (20 dB) suppression would require RF-reflector transmittance of order 0.1%, i.e. RF- reflectance of the order of 99.9%. Both of these are far beyond the capability of indium-tin-oxide films.
Consider instead a reflective layer made of electrodeposited silver, with a resistivity of 2�10-6 ohm-cm=2�10-8 ohm-m. At 13.54 MHz, it will have a skin depth of 19 micrometers, about one-half mil. An 80 micrometer thick layer (about 2 mils) is four skin depths thick, essentially infinite in thickness. The value of reflectance of a continuous sheet at 13.54 MHz, from Eq(IV), is R=1-0.00011=99.999%. The reflectance of a perforated sheet can be estimated using the conducting area fraction fa as a correction to the resistivity, provided the remaining conductors are all connected, and the separation of conductors is small in comparison to a wavelength:
R=1-2(2ωκ.di-elect cons.ρ/fa)1/2 (SI Units). (XXVIII)
For a perforated sheet having 99% open area and one percent connected silver strips,
Such a sheet would also have optical transmission of 99%, thus having little or no adverse effect on luminous emission. Indium-tin-oxide films of sufficiently low sheet resistivity to be useful as RF reflectors have optical transmission less than 90%. The patterned-silver reflector is more optically-transparent as well as more RF-reflective.
Such a patterned-silver reflective layer can be applied by electrodeposition of a continuous film on the surface of the bulb followed by photolithographic removal of areas intended to be open. Alternatively, a somewhat lower-performance layer could be applied by silk-screening or other printing of silver-ink patterned layers. Such patterned-silver reflective layers may be applied in decorative patterns, enhancing the appearance of the unlighted bulb. Examples are shown as lamps 70a and 70b in FIGS. 7A, 7B, respectively. Such patterning does not affect, substantially, the utilitarian light output of the lamp nor the EMI suppression structures and methods described above.
It will now be apparent to those skilled in the art that other embodiments, improvements, details, and uses can be made consistent with the letter and spirit of the foregoing disclosure and within the scope of this patent, which is limited only by the following claims, construed in accordance with the patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.
|Cited Patent
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|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Discharge lamp with interference shielding
|Jun 5, 1992
|Feb 7, 1995
|Diablo Research Corporation
|Electrodeless discharge lamp containing push-pull class E amplifier
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|Jul 31, 1998
|Sep 12, 2000
|Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc.
|Electrodeless neon light module for vehicle lighting systems
|Aug 25, 1999
|Oct 10, 2000
|College Of William & Mary
|Rf capacitively-coupled electrodeless light source
|Jan 11, 1999
|Oct 24, 2000
|Fusion Lighting, Inc.
|High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
|Jul 14, 2000
|May 1, 2001
|Fusion Lighting, Inc.
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|Fusion Lighting, Inc.
|Metal matrix composite integrated lamp head
|Jul 14, 2000
|Oct 30, 2001
|Fusion Lighting, Inc.
|Jacketed lamp bulb envelope
|Nov 5, 1999
|Nov 6, 2001
|Fusion Lighting, Inc.
|High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
|Jul 14, 2000
|Dec 4, 2001
|Fusion Lighting, Inc.
|Wedding ring shaped excitation coil
|Feb 10, 2000
|May 14, 2002
|Applied Science And Technology, Inc.
|Toroidal low-field reactive gas source
|Sep 27, 2000
|May 27, 2003
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Electric lamp with light-absorbing medium and interference film
|Oct 12, 2001
|Sep 27, 2005
|Intel Corporation
|High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
|Dec 2, 2010
|Jun 11, 2013
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Light source device with microwave power source and projection type display apparatus having the same
|Sep 27, 2012
|Nov 11, 2014
|Topanga Usa, Inc.
|Electrodeless lamps with externally-grounded probes and improved bulb assemblies
|Oct 16, 2007
|Mar 17, 2015
|Luxim Corporation
|Discharge lamp using spread spectrum
|Dec 2, 2010
|Aug 25, 2011
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Light source device and projection type display apparatus
|Sep 27, 2012
|Jul 11, 2013
|Topanga Technologies, Inc.
|Electrodeless lamps with externally-grounded probes and improved bulb assemblies
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|U.S. Classification
|315/248, 315/85, 315/344, 313/607
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 26, 1995
Owner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC WORKS R&D LABORATORY, INC., MA
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|Feb 26, 2002
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Owner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC WORKS, LTD., JAPAN
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subset: commoncrawl


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War on the Horizon?
View Single Post
Angry @ Injustice!
Join Date: Jan 2009
Location: England
Posts: 17,097
Originally Posted by
JB Rattlesnake
America is about as diverse as it gets in this place we call earth, which means we have everything from the worst of the worst to the best of the best.
You went to one of the most laid back and friendly parts there is.
Granted, you still had to come in from Chicago or St Louis...
Or does Hillsboro have an airport?
Philadelphia to Chicago by plane.
I was escorted from Chicago Airport by Car to Hillsboro by a Member of your Department of Defense and Former US Marine...actually
let me say the 5 hours I spent with him (apart from the car when we got back in from our motorway stop) was so much nicer then the five mins I spent with the Customs Official in Philadelphia...I had wondered why they needed to remind people on little plagues that it is a felloney offense (whatever that means, but it sounded painful so I assumed it was uber bad) to assult a customs official
When I left the booth I could see why such a sign was called for
btw...I only visit the nice parts of any country, and only associate with the very best that country has to offer
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Pic #250 on Jetphotos! A rare visitor makes it presence felt at BOM! Privately owned classic B737-300 approaches runway 27! Amongst the former owners of this 20 year old airframe are 'CHeights', '... (more)
This aircraft is well known in Germany's Media. Seems to be a charter aircraft for the US Army, although the Rhein/Main Air Base is definately closed now.
Interesting aircraft?
Short final for rwy 25L. [EOS300D + EF 75-300]
strange 737 taxied to the USAF ramp after landing and left GRA 2 hours later. Maybe CIA ? Who knows.
note the arriving Airbus from Lufthansa in the background


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How a 25-year sentence in the heart of Mississippi taught me the truth about institutional racism.
men in prison
Criminal Justice Reform? There's an App for That.
Criminal justice reform takes more than discussion and legislation. It takes courage, action, and maybe some new technology.
If You Could Stop Just One Person From Picking Up a Gun… Sing Sing Inmates Are Trying
It's not "Scared Straight" – it's straight talk, man to man, about how you go from feeling the power of a gun to being the worst thing that ever happened to an innocent family.
The Doctor is in
The oldest man on the cell block is also a first timer who is learning how to be in the here and now.
The Rape Joke Everyone Tolerates
Prison rape isn't funnier than any other kind of rape. And men are not unstoppable rape machines. It's time we stopped laughing.
The 'Big House' Isn't Big Enough
A former consumer of corrections services, John Nelson knows a thing or two about prison overcrowding—and the men who hope to find rehabilitation when they get there.
New Folsom Prison Diary: April
Spoon Jackson's view of the world from Folsom State Prison is framed by a 3″x3′ tall window.
Rosanne Cash Performs at Folsom State Prison
Forty years after the late musician Johnny Cash performed "Folsom Blues" in the Folsom Prison Library, his daughter returns and meets GMP poet Spoon Jackson.
About My Sentence
Spoon Jackson, who has served 34 years of a life sentence in prison, faces the reality of his fate.
Arts in Correction Documentary 'At Night I Fly' Premieres at MOMA
GMP Poet Spoon Jackson is one of the subjects of Michel Wenzler's complex portrait of prison life, in its US premiere at MOMA on February 20.
International Men's Day 2012
Helping men and boys live longer, happier, healthier lives.


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Are freshmen required to live on-campus?
Yes, Missouri Southern requires all freshman under the age of 21 to live in the residence halls to the extent of housing available, unless married or living with legal guardian.
Are residents supposed to have the Meningococcal (meningitis) vaccine?
Starting July 1st, 2015, the state of Missouri will require all students living in campus housing to have either the Meningococcal vaccine or a medical/religious exemption on record with the University health center. If you need more information on the vaccine, please contact the Willcoxon Health Center in Billingsly Student Center room 242 at call 417-625-9323.
What if I do not get along with my roommate?
Learning to live with another person can sometimes be difficult. We will not have a resident in a situation that is unmanageable. However, residents are encouraged to try and work through problems before requesting a room change. Generally, room changes are not made until after the first two weeks. It is important that students discuss their differences and come to a compromise that is beneficial to everyone involved. Most roommate problems can be resolved by good communication. The Resident Assistants (RAs) and the Resident Directors are available to assist with roommate issues.
Room change request form is located in LIONET. Click the applications and forms link under the Campus Housing header and to locate room change request form.
Will I be able to contact my roommate(s) before check-in?
Yes, we will send your roommate(s) names via University e-mail prior to your check-in.
When can I expect my room assignment?
Room assignments are e-mailed to your University e-mail account when you are assigned a room.
Where can I find more information about my room style?
The menu on the left side of the Residence Life webpage has links for each style of housing that gives overview of amenities and pictures. The Admissions office offers tours of the campus that include the residence halls.
How do I apply for housing?
Housing applications are available on LIONET under the Campus Housing header. Student must be admitted to the University to complete application. Select appropriate application and complete required steps.
Can I bring my pet to campus?
No, pets are not allowed in the residence halls.
What if I don't have a roommate request?
We try to match students who have similar interests and study habits. Please provide as much personal information in housing application to assist housing staff in matching a roommate.
When can I move in? Can I move in early?
The residence halls open the Thursday before fall and spring semester classes at 8:00 a.m. Check-in any time after that date. Students may not move in early without permission of the Director of Residence Life.
How does "co-ed" housing work?
Apartment buildings and East Hall (suite style) house both genders. The room assignments are always gender specific, but men and women may live next to each other. These facilities all have individual bathrooms in each room. Cohabitation is not permitted. Guests are not allowed without roommate approval.
Is family housing available?
The University does not offer family or married housing.
Do the rooms have Internet and cable TV?
Yes, all rooms have Internet access. Residence halls have wireless Internet accessibility throughout as well as land lines in each room. All Internet is through our local network. We do not use any dial-up Internet. Each room is also cable ready. All you need is a TV and coax cable. These services are included in the housing fees.
Is housing offered during holidays, intersessions and summer?
Yes, the residence halls are available to students year round. There's no charge during Thanksgiving, winter interssession, and Spring Break. The charge for the intersession breaks between spring and summer and summer is $200. Contact the Director of Residence Life for more information (417-659-4460).
Are housing accommodations available to students with disabilities?
Yes. In order to receive special accommodations, any disability must be documented by the Disabilities Services Office (417-625-9516). The Residence Life Office cannot guarantee specific housing styles.
Are students permitted to leave their belongings in the room during the winter break if they are living in the same room the spring semester?
Yes, students may leave belongings in their room during the winter break if they are living in the same room. Please note that the University is not responsible for their belongs if anything were to happen.
Can I store personal items in assigned room before move in date?
No, the University does not allow students to store or move belongings before they move into their room.
What if I wish to move off campus?
Residents may cancel their contract after the fall semester if they pay a $600.00 buyout fee prior to checking out and the deposit will be retained. Students wishing to exercise this option of their contract need to complete breach of contract form and get form approved through the Dean of Students Office in Billingsly Student Center room 347.
What size are the beds?
All beds in the residents halls are twin XL 36" X 80". There's 30" of clearance under bed if set at highest setting.
Am I permitted to bring a refrigerator and/or microwave?
Yes, you may bring refrigerator and microwave. Please note that private room, suites and apartments come with refrigerator and microwave.
What is my mailing address?
Your Name, 1007 International Ave Joplin, MO 64801.


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GHS Strings
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Write a review!
3 reviews of Hold The Anchovies, first by you?
September 23, 2009
Hold The Anchovies
I really like Hold The Anchovies so doesn't alot of my family. Their delivery is usually fast, and their employees are extremely nice. My cousin goes to school in GA and whenever she comes home that is usally the first place she stops!
July 14, 2008
great pizza place
I got to hold the anchovies quite often and I have to say it is a very good pizzeria for the price. The pulled pork sandwich is phenomenal and I think their wings have gone down in taste over the years I still think they're pretty good.…
November 4, 2005
So-so Pizza.
I've gotten pizza from them a few times. It's rarely hot, and honestly the taste is VERY bland. I have to say, it's fairly inexpensive, but I do not recomment them.
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Welcome to my website and thank you for visiting. Like you, books have been an integral and important part of my life.
The move from reading books to writing them was something I always wanted to do, and to be published was a dream come true.
If you enjoyed reading my first published novel, The Country Practice, thank you so much and I do hope you enjoy my second novel, The Doctor Calling.
The Doctor Calling is published by Penguin Random House and was released on 24 February 2016.


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Blog as a Medium
September 28, 2011 · Print This Article
I came across an article by Martin Patrick, Restlessness and Reception: Transforming Art Criticism in the Age of the Blogosphere, that discusses at length the role of art criticism today and — unlike most pieces I read about the state of the world — ends on a seemingly hopeful note. It thought I  could post something about it here because I find I'm often thinking about the web-context and what it means as a medium. I don't especially feel like I have a handle on how best to exercise its talents, but I like chewing on the idea periodically, no doubt in hope of some Eureka! moment. "The web becomes a tool for 'housing' certain materials, indeed a virtual archive, or in Andre Malraux's famous phrase a 'museum without walls' but then it is more important to ask how can newer arrangements, actions, conversations be created on the basis of these contextual settings" (Patrick).
I've seen a dramatic shift in Chicago's critical dialogue. When I first moved here about seven years ago all anyone could talk about was the death of the New Art Examiner. Its demise added salt to the already throbbing (and ever hysterical) wound of Chicago's second city syndrome. The Midwestern art market was not even capable of supporting a magazine that represented its interests and the rest of the country was disinterested in the activities of its midriff. While I'm likely misremembering the past (again, I'd just come to Chicago and did not yet understand its nuances), it seemed like that pang of insecurity propelled a number of other projects forward, as they insisted on creating modes of dissemination and representation. When I came here NAE had been out of commission for two years and its lament was continuous for the following four. Now, there's an amazing vitality located largely on-line with artslant, art21, BadatSports (though I suppose B@S would resist the art criticism label standing somewhere between Vice and Cabinate) and many others. The mechanics of this phenomena are reflected in Patrick's piece, as he points to the once-professional potential of The Critic (even in so far as it possesses archetypal potential); now much of the critical dialogue is activated and sustained by amateurs. Even those who are paid rarely expect a living wage and at best peddle together a variety of wages. "The blog—apart from the vast amount underwritten directly by corporate sponsorship—is most often an amateur/volunteer's virtual space involving a greater probability of being generated and launched quickly, randomly, even haphazardly, and with more chance of rapidly ensuing back-and-forth discussions, responses, dialogue than a traditionally formatted journal, magazine or newspaper can generally allow." That's not to say the article is all positive.
This model of free labor is quite attractive to corporations. Additionally there some very real suggestions that the bite has been taken out of critical remarks (for instance, Mad Men's ironic appropriation of the past that nevertheless collapses into a complicit reprise of old hierarchies, or how response to the Yes Mens' NYTimes prank neutered the fake newspaper's very serious critique message.) These aspects are also endemic to an Internet age, where we can constantly rewrite history. Then of course there's the Internet's shady origin story: "The origins of the Internet itself derive from the American attempt to establish a communications system in the event of a Soviet nuclear attack under the aegis of the the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) a wing of the Department of Defense, or ARPAnet[work]" (Patrick). Additionally the web facilitates a kind of sloppiness. (At this time I would like to retroactively apologize for my typos. If you want to be my editor without pay, give me a holler). But beyond slights of hand, on-line appropriation is fast, constant and cheap — it's so easy, for instance, that images, text and ideas are borrowed, spliced, reiterated, misrepresented and so on and so forth. While on the one hand the frontier-like openness of this space, a space not yet settled and defined, is exciting; it lacks a codified rigor. It is still experimental and malleable and capable of much more. The question then remains: How to exhaust its potential as a response vehicle for cultural production? How do we embrace its shortcomings with its strengths? And does it truly challenge canonical ideas of art historicism?
"The internet offers a seemingly open public space that is simultaneously private, solipsistic, restricted. Within this reconfigured environment the digital archive acts as a kind of indirect critical mechanism and virtual repertory house for essential material to be potentially drawn upon by interested parties. That is to say, the accessibility lent to previously arcane and unusual avant-gardist phenomena goes a long way towards setting a tone for the integration of the wildly eccentric and experimental practices that are too long overlooked rather than solely the widely accepted canonical material which is in turn overexposed and despite its merits altogether lifeless. Thus the existence of new sites such as Kenneth Goldsmiths' www.ubu.com facilitates the permissive and promiscuous notion of having experimental strands of poetry, prose, music, film and visual culture inhabit a treasure hunt/database ready to scavenged and relived via the use of mp3 files, YouTube-style streaming video, text files and so on means that Hollis Frampton, Marcel Broodthaers, Luigi Russolo and many more are incrementally closer to becoming household names" (Patrick).
Tonight: Type A
September 26, 2011 · Print This Article
This seems like it is worth checking out…
Type A
Monday, September 26, 6:00 p.m.
SAIC Columbus Auditorium, 280 S. Columbus Dr.
Free admission
Type A is a collaboration between Adam Ames and Andrew Bordwin. Working together since 1998, Type A create videos, video installations, photography, sculptures, and drawings that deal with issues of masculinity, territory, competition, and collaboration in contemporary society. Though competition runs through every element of existence, the demand put upon men to be competitive can be especially severe. This is initiated in childhood and continuously intensified; if one is "type a,†then these challenges are not only expected but also necessary to the definition of one's character. Type A explores the ways in which men compete, challenge and play, and the resulting social and psychological imbalances, in works ranging from psychologically disarming to profoundly absurd. Type A has exhibited extensively at institutions including the Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis; Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, Ridgefield, CT; Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery, Saratoga Springs, NY; DeCordova Sculpture Park & Museum, Lincoln, MA; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; List Visual Arts Center at MIT, Cambridge, MA; Centrum Beeldende Kunst, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Centro de la Imagen, Mexico City; Contemporary Art Center, New Orleans; Institute of Contemporary Art Palm Beach, FL; UCLA Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, in addition to numerous other venues.
Episode 317: Fritz Haeg and Jen Delos Reyes
September 26, 2011 · Print This Article
This week: Duncan MacKenzie, Brian Andrews Abigail Satinsky and Bryce Dwyer begin an adventure in caring and sharing called "Open Engagement." These four adventures of love check in with all the haps in Portland over the next 6 episodes.  This week they kick it live with Jen Delos Reyes and FRITZ HAEG! Take that internet.
Jen Delos Reyes (From PSU site…)
Jen Delos Reyes is an artist originally from Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Her research interests include the history of socially engaged art, group work, and artists' social roles. She has exhibited works across North America and Europe, and has contributed writing to various catalogues and institutional publications. She contributed writing to Decentre:
Concerning Artist-Run Culture published by YYZBOOKS in 2008. In 2006 she completed an intensive workshop, Come Together: Art and Social Engagement, at The Kitchen in New York. She has received numerous grants and awards including a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Grant. Jen is the founder and director of Open Engagement, a conference on socially engaged art practice. She is currently an Assistant Professor in the Art and Social Practice MFA concentration.
Fritz Haeg From Wikipedia…Â http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haeg
Fritz Haeg (born 1969) was trained as an architect, but his current work spans a range of disciplines and media including gardens, dance, performance, design, installation, ecology and architecture, most of which is commissioned and presented by art museums and institutions.
His work often involves collaboration with other individuals and site specific projects that respond to particular places.
Haeg's recent architecture projects have included the design for various residential and art projects including the contemporary art gallery peres projects and the Bernardi residence, both in Los Angeles, CA. He studied architecture in Italy at the Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia and Carnegie Mellon University, where he received his B. Arch. He has variously taught in architecture, design, and fine art programs at California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), Art Center College of Design, Parsons School of Design, and the University of Southern California.
Top 5 Weekend Picks (9/23-9/25)
September 22, 2011 · Print This Article
1. Objective Confess at Golden Gallery
Work by Anthea Behm
Golden Gallery is located at 3319 N. Broadway. Reception is Saturday from 6-9pm.
2. Wood-Worked at Chicago Urban Art Society
Work by Cristina Gonzalez, Juan Angel Chavez, Steve Reber, Sarah Belknap + Joseph Belknap, Micheal Rea, Mark Holmes, Josue Pellot, Montgomery Kim, Hao Ni, Kazuki Guzman, Matthew 'Sighn' Hoffman, Dylan Jones, and Holly Holmes
Chicago Urban Art Society is located at 2229 S. Halsted St. Reception is Friday from 6-11pm.
3. In A Saturnian World at The Renaissance Society
Work by Anne-Mie Van Kerckhoven
The Renaissance Society is located at 5811 S. Ellis Ave., Cobb Hall 418. Reception is Sunday from 4-7pm.
4. Reduction or Something Less at LVL3
Work by Conor Backman, Magalie Guérin, and Matt Nichols
LVL3 is located at 1542 N. Milwaukee Ave, 3rd Fl. Reception is Saturday from 6-10pm.
5. No Place Like Home at Hyde Park Art Center
Curated by Dawoud Bey
Hyde Park Art Center is located at 5020 S. Cornell Ave. Reception is Sunday from 3-5pm.
A visit to ACRE
September 21, 2011 · Print This Article
I had the chance to visit ACRE for a few days this summer. It was the first time I'd been to a residency. I was especially happy that my first experience of such a place would take place within a structure largely motivated by the same artist-run DIY ethos that has characterized so much of my contemporary art life. That isn't to suggest there is anything piece meal about ACRE: on the contrary, they boast a variety of buildings and facilities in addition to an incredible menu. What I mean by "artist-run DIY ethos" has to do with the overall feeling of administrative transparency. Emily Greene and Nick Wylie are always present whether in Wisconsin making sure breakfast runs smoothly, or in Chicago putting up weekly shows from last summer's residents.
A few weeks ago, someone asked a friend what he thought characterized the art scene in Chicago. Of course this peaked my interest — I always love hearing people make objective and general statements about the world, particularly when those statements involve a world so close to me. He suggested Chicago was characterized by it's artistic and innovative administrative efforts. While artists don't necessarily divorce themselves from object making, the production of objects and art is nevertheless contingent on idiosyncratic exhibition spaces which become community watering holes. ACRE strikes me as another example of such a place, though I find it difficult to fully imagine the work entailed. It's a massive undertaking with different groups requiring beds over the course of a summer, each group demanding three meals a day, studio space, entertainment, freedom and very often visitors — somehow ACRE accomplishes it.
I am interested in the connection such a place has to the city (you can read more about that here) — the way the residency functions as a retreat from urban (and even cultural) life, just as it later soaks back into the city's cultural landscape via gallery shows and screenings between September and June. With so many artist-residency programs based in Chicago (like ACRE, Harold and Ox-bow, for instance) our gallery season is especially flooded with residency-work. Certain architectural elements from those different places become icons of some sort — the pier at Harold, for instance, I have seen in at least six short films over the course of the last year — accumulating a collective significance even as their relation to each discrete artist project changes. Furthermore the communities that take up residence at these residencies, while not exclusively Chicago artists, are often Chicago-dominant. What does that mean? What is that we are getting away from — certainly not ourselves.
When I arrived, I definitely felt like my eyes were drinking green after having been so parched of vegetation I'd forgotten what it felt like to hear bugs or smell grass.
Someone told me he wanted to erect a series of letters in the hillside, after the style of HOLLYWOOD that just said LAND.
Someone else told me his favorite thing was to take walks in the dark, at night, because it was almost impossible to see.
There was a ritualistic and constant application of bug spray — various cans lay for communal use outside the doorway of almost every common space.
And one night there were fireworks and I kept thinking, I wonder if whoever is lighting them off knows what they are doing. It struck me then that there was something delicious about suspecting an amateur. The fireworks were much more exciting when I had to trust the fireworker, when there was just enough doubt in my mind to fear for his or her safety (it was dark and impossible to see who was down there). At one point a jean-clad effigy began to explode and I really seriously thought it was a person at first. That heart-in-your-throat kind of moment where it takes the calm of other observers alongside a rational belief that a person would never put themselves at such risk exhilarated and overpowered my fear. It struck me then that part of the appeal of these do-it-yourself endeavors stems from an assurance that a skill can be learned, an insistent belief in one's own capacity that assumes on an open world: a world that  is generous in so far as it teaches itself where we are patient enough to learn. It's an attitude I find especially American because it's tied to the pioneer imagination, immigration and daring and arrogance. The other part of the appeal, and maybe especially where the magic happens is that there is risk involved. And then it works, and everyone has the sense that they participated in the working-ness.


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Although sophisticated software can help retailers manage shipping more efficiently, they need to make certain the programs they choose can be learned easily by all the employees who will need to use them.
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As shipping options and the services around them evolve, retailers that approach shipping as a core element of their business will be better positioned to evaluate service providers and find partners that deliver the right combination of value-added services and low rates. Those partners can add value to a retailer's brand without limiting the retailer's ability to offer free shipping and reliable delivery.
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Some people are just made to do things together, and Judy and I are living proof of that.
One of the most wonderful things we do together is travel: We love it!
We can make an event out of going to the grocery store, of course, even though I really shouldn't act like that in public. But we love even more to jump in the car, take a plane, or do whatever we have to do to see new places, new people, and new things. For better or worse, we may have even infected our children with this desire. Time will tell.
We've both been a little sporadic over the years, but somewhere along the way we started keeping journals of our travels, and like the true pack rat I am, I've kept them. This web site is now a digital repository, allowing us to clean out shoe boxes of old photographs and negatives, and throw away a lot a small notebooks of every variety.
So long as we're doing this, we're also writing up new visits the same way, so the shelves will remain uncluttered as we enter our twilight years. Whenever that may be. On the other hand, we could just leave those boxes and notebooks where they are. We won't have to deal with them after we're gone! ;-)
If you're inclined to do so, make a choice from the menu items above and go along with us!


text:
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of Mo(VI) complexes with phosphine oxide ligands and the crystal structures of MoO2X2(OPMe3)(2) (X=Cl or Br) and MoO2Br2{0-C6H4(P(O)Ph-2)(2)}center dot 2CH(2)Cl(2)
Hursthouse, M. B., Levason, W., Ratnani, R. and Red, G. (2004) Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of Mo(VI) complexes with phosphine oxide ligands and the crystal structures of MoO2X2(OPMe3)(2) (X=Cl or Br) and MoO2Br2{0-C6H4(P(O)Ph-2)(2)}center dot 2CH(2)Cl(2). Polyhedron, 23, (11), 1915-1921. (doi:10.1016/j.poly.2004.04.023).
Full text not available from this repository.
The colourless neutral Mo(VI) complexes [MoO2Cl2(OPMe3)(2)], [MoO2Cl2(L-L)] (L-L = Ph2P(O)CH2P(O)Ph-2, Ph2P(O)CH2CH2P(O)Ph-2 and o-C6H4(P(O)Ph-2)(2)) have been obtained in good yield by reaction of MoO2Cl2 with the ligand in anhydrous CH2Cl2 solution. The corresponding light yellow bromo species were obtained from reaction of a CH2Cl2 solution of the phosphine oxide ligand with MoO3 and HBr. The complexes have been characterised by IR, H-1, P-31{H-1} and where possible by Mo-95 NMR spectroscopy and trends in the spectroscopic data are discussed. Crystal structures of [MoO2X2(OPMe3)(2)] (X = Cl or Br) and [MoO2Br2{o-C6H4(P(O)Ph-2)(2)}] (.) 2CH(2)Cl(2) are also described. Each of the compounds adopts a distorted octahedral geometry at Mo(VI) with trans halo ligands, a cis dioxo unit and with the O-bound phosphine oxide ligands completing the coordination environment.
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|molybdenum, mo-95 nmr, x-ray structures, phosphine oxide nuclear-magnetic-resonance, multinuclear nmr, molybdenum(vi), titanium(iv), 6-coordinate, thioether, halides
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|University Structure - Pre August 2011 > School of Chemistry
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|16 Feb 2006
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7 posts tagged with ChineseNewYear.
Displaying 1 through 7 of 7. Subscribe:
Year of the Goat / Sheep / Ram
Is it the Year of the Sheep, the Goat, or the Ram? February 19 marks the Chinese New Year (and simultaneously Lunar New Year holidays in Vietnam, Tibet, Mongolia and Korea). As many people know, there is a 12-year animal zodiac cycle in the traditional Chinese calendar: the Year of the Horse has just ended. But what exactly is the animal sign for the year that is just now beginning? [more inside]
Year of the Wood Horse and other trojan's tales
Chinese New Year's eve and its the Year of the Wood Horse according to the annual rotation of 12 animals and 5 elements followed by Chinese geomancers. Horse babies are always welcome, especially boys. Less known however is the stigma attached to the girl child born in the year of the Fire Horse. [more inside]
Firedance Through The Night
Light your torch and wave it for the lunar event tomorrow with the full 17-minute-long video for Duran Duran's New Moon On Monday (Part 1, Part 2).
Brings new meaning to "Hurry up and wait."
Think traveling over the Yuletide season was bad? We're coming hard upon Chunyun, the Chinese "spring migration" when families reunite for the New Year. Enduring largest human migration in the world is a harrowing experience. One railway company has new ticketing strategies, which could turn tickets into collector's items.
Year Year Got Fish
Nian Nian You Yu ("nyen nyen yo yew") - translates to "Have abundance every year" or phonetically as "Year Year Got Fish." Tomorrow evening, over a billion people will be celebrating Lunar New Year's Eve with a Reunion Dinner. This involves family members coming together and for many, the ideal menu includes eating braised shark's fin soup. This is a perfect time to regale your friends and family with shark factoids and horror stories. True you mother won't appreciate when you point out to Auntie Mei how how around 100 million sharks are caught worldwide every year, mostly just for their fins, or that actually the dish is tasteless and people are just ordering it to show off their wealth. But surely it's better than one day having to say "Year Year Got No Fish."
Happy New Year!
Happy New Year! While you're having some Dim Sum and King Cake at your parish Pancake Supper, remember to celebrate the Year of the Black Horse and get those fireworks set off before Lent begins! Oh, my. Now my head is swimming... have to go lie down.
'Chinese' New Year news fest
'Chinese' New Year news fest The generally wonderful Guardian Weblog has a special page of hard-hitting Chinese news links in honor of Lunar New Year beginning Jan. 24. (Commonly called Chinese New Year, but the Vietnamese celebrate it, too.) These include a link to a Foreign Affairs discussion of the Tiananmen Papers, believed to be internal Chinese documents about the Tiananmen Square events of 1989. (Earlier MeFi linkage of a Tiananmen Papers article can be found here.
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I sustained a facial (chin) injury at the age of 4 when I slipped on ice & fell face first onto a flagstone, which resulted in a scar that healed in an awkward concaved manor. 10 months ago, now at the age of 28, I had the scar excised; however there is still a very noticeable red scar on my chin. Do you have any recommendations to speed up the reduction of the redness? 5-ku? Kenalog? Laser treatments? Silicone gel? Specific combinations? Which would show the best improvements?
Reduction of Redness on my Facial Hypertrophic Scar
Doctor Answers 2
Pulsed dye laser and Melarase for dark and red scars on the nose and face
I believe the pulsed dye laser works best when used in combination with Melarase AM and Melarase PM creams to reduce redness and hyperpigmentation.
Raffy Karamanoukian MD FACS
Raffy Karamanoukian MD FACS
Web reference: http://surgery90210.com/cosmetic-dermatology/38/scar-revision.aspx
Treatment of red scars
Pulsed dye laser treatment works very well to decrease the redness of a scar. The scar also appears depressed; therefore, consider subcision to raise the indented scar.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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The national economic protection strategy in Germany and real life
When it comes to security, public authorities in any country also want to represent their interests, some more intensively than others. Germany is not lacking in initiatives and organizations that want to help companies in terms of digital security. Unfortunately, the wheels of public administration can turn very slowly, such as the recently unveiled national economic protection strategy shows. In addition to the key associations BDI and DIHK, different security agencies in Germany are involved in the initiative, including the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, the Federal Criminal Police and the Federal Office for Information Security. Announced in August 2013, it took nearly three years until a significant concept was presented this week. On the whole, the national economic protection strategy is not much more than brochures and explanatory films that are intended to raise awareness of security threats among SMEs – not just in the field of IT. Practical measures such as financial support for companies to hire certified security consultants or implement security projects are lacking. Raising awareness of security threats whether physical or virtual through cyberspace is never a bad thing.