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Irigaray, Luce
Luce Irigaray 1930-
Belgian-born French critic, philosopher, and nonfiction writer.
The following entry presents an overview of Irigaray's career through 2000.
A noted psychoanalyst and influential linguist whose writings have been largely co-opted by feminist literary critics, Irigaray is best known for her critique of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theories in such groundbreaking works as Speculum de l'autre femme (1974; Speculum of the Other Woman) and Ce sexe qui n'en est pas un (1977; This Sex Which Is Not One). The most famous dimension of Irigaray's thought exploits the contradictions and gendered assumptions in the work of both Freud and his colleague, Jacques Lacan. Using a deconstructive approach, Irigaray has advanced psychoanalytic theory by focusing on the ways that language and culture position men and women differently during the oedipal stage of human development when subjectivity is formed and language is acquired.
Biographical Information
Born in Belgium, Irigaray earned a postsecondary degree in philosophy and literature from the University of Louvain in 1954. She wrote her graduate thesis on the French poet Paul Valéry in preparation for a career as a secondary school teacher. Between 1956 and 1959, Irigaray taught high school in Brussels before she entered the University of Paris in 1961, earning a diploma in psychopathology. After graduating, she briefly returned to Belgium and took a position with the Fondation Nationale de la Recherce Scientifique (FNRS), a scientific research center. Irigaray worked for the FNRS until 1964 when she transferred to a similar agency in Paris, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), where she has worked since, accepting an appointment as their director of research in philosophy in 1982. During this period, Irigaray pursued a doctorate degree in linguistics at the University of Paris at Nanterre, completing her studies in 1968. Her thesis analyzed the syntactic structures of the language used by schizophrenics and other mentally unstable patients and was later published as Le Langage des déments (1973). Between 1969 and 1974, Irigaray taught at the University of Paris at Vincennes where she was affiliated with the Ecole freudienne de Paris. At the same time, she was participating in the women's liberation movement in France, as she prepared her thesis for another doctorate degree in psychoanalysis. Irigaray's thesis, which later became Speculum of the Other Woman, ignited a firestorm of controversy due to its infusion of gender politics into mainstream psychoanalytic theory. Consequently, the Ecole freudienne expelled Irigaray and terminated her teaching position. Irigaray, however, continued her own psychoanalytic practice and has since accepted a host of visiting professorships at universities in Europe and North America. In addition, Irigaray has continued to write in a variety of academic disciplines, including feminist studies, linguistics, and psychoanalysis.
Major Works
Written in a complexly dense prose style that exploits her expertise in several fields, Irigaray's works can initially confuse readers unaccustomed to neologisms, theoretical constructions, and specialized metaphors and allusions. However, Irigaray's complicated methodology, derived from French feminist revisions of classical and Continental philosophy, speaks to her overarching thesis that the deconstruction of language is necessary to establish a female counterpart to conventional psychoanalytic theories. To that end, Speculum of the Other Woman critiques Freudian and Lacanian theories about identity formation in female subjects, which are predicated on masculine norms of development. Although the text subverts the typical patriarchal representations of women, Irigaray does not "privilege" the cultural signification of her "lips" metaphor with respect to female identity formation, as Freud and Lacan do with their "phallus" metaphor. Clarifying the details in and expanding upon the thesis of Speculum, This Sex Which Is Not One explores the relationship between language and sexuality, suggesting that women use unique syntactic structures, independent of phallocentric binary oppositions in the production of meaning. The essays in this collection examine such issues as power relations mediated by gendered social discourse, the difficulties feminist politics face in phallocratic society, and the connections between models of semiotic exchange and economic exchange. These topics inform much of Irigaray's subsequent work, including Éthique de la différence sexuelle (1983; An Ethics of Sexual Difference) which investigates the masculine biases of discursive rhetoric, and Parler n'est jamais neutre (1985; To Speak Is Never Neutral) which argues that gendered subjectivity and social context influence linguistic forms and usage. Sexes et parentés (1987; Sexes and Genealogies) restates the model for female subjectivity that Irigaray proposed in Speculum as a question of transference rather than of desire, particularly its effects on relations between women that results in either intolerance of other women or abject silence. Beginning with Le Temps de la différence: pour une revolution pacifique (1989; Thinking the Difference: For a Peaceful Revolution) and Je, tu, nous: pour une culture de la différence (1990; Je, Tu, Nous: Toward a Culture of Difference), Irigaray's works increasingly analyze the contingent basis between systems of representation and the hierarchical interests of the social order that construct and institute them. These works include J'aime à toi: esquisse d'une félicité dans l'histoire (1992; I Love to You: Sketch for a Happiness within History), Le souffle des femmes (1996), and Entre Orient et Occident: De la singularité à la communauté (1999).
Critical Reception
Deemed one of the most difficult of French feminists for the complexities of her prose style, Irigaray has often been compared to Hèléne Cixous, Simone de Beauvior, and Julia Kristeva for her adaptations of psychoanalytic theories to foment feminism that stresses "difference." German and Italian feminists have embraced Irigaray's desire to establish an écriture au feminine ("woman's language"), but radical French feminists have denounced Irigaray for advocating ideas that perpetuate patriarchal oppression. These critics have argued that Irigaray's concept of "woman" originates and is constructed from an already established masculine discourse rather than prior to its constitution. In the English-speaking world, scholars have been hampered by slow translations of Irigaray's works, which have resulted in opinions based on brief texts isolated from the context of her entire oeuvre. Consequently, much Anglo-American criticism has centered on debates surrounding whether Irigaray's concept of "woman" is a "construct" (nonessential) or an a priori being (essential). While many critics have traced the influence of philosophers Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Lévinas, Jacques Derrida, and Emile Benveniste in Irigaray's writings, they also have noted Irigaray's tendency to "rewrite" their ideas to suit her own purposes. Literary scholars have favored the deconstructive approach of her early works to the progressive approach of her later works. With the increasing availability of translations of her works, full-length studies on Irigaray have begun to appear since the early 1990s. Although the debate about a feminine "essence" has continued, particularly over the psycho-symbolic implications of Irigaray's images of the female body, several critics have started to examine other aspects of Irigaray's thought, including the relation of woman to ideas of divinity, the reconstruction of gender relations to improve society, and other modes of communication outside masculine linguistic patterns.
Principal Works
Le Langage des déments (nonfiction) 1973
Speculum de l'autre femme [Speculum of the Other Woman] (criticism) 1974
*Ce sexe qui n'en est pas un [This Sex Which Is Not One] (criticism) 1977
Et l'une ne bouge pas sans l'autre [And the One Doesn't Stir without the Other] 1979 (nonfiction)
Amante marine de Friedrich Nietzsche [Marine Lover of Friedrich Nietzsche] (criticism) 1980
Le Corps-à-corps avec la mère (nonfiction) 1981
Passions élémentaires [Elemental Passions] (philosophy) 1982
†Éthique de la différence sexuelle [An Ethics of Sexual Difference] (criticism) 1983
La Croyance même (criticism) 1983
L'Oubli de l'air: Chez Martin Heidegger [The Forgetting of Air in Martin Heidegger] (philosophy) 1983
‡Parler n'est jamais neutre [To Speak Is Never Neutral] (criticism) 1985
Una probabilita de divere: Limite al concetto di neutro e universale nelle scienza e nelle tecnologie (philosophy) 1986
Sexes et parentés [Sexes and Genealogies] (criticism) 1987
Le Temps de la différence: pour une revolution pacifique [Thinking the Difference: For a Peaceful Revolution] (philosophy) 1989
Je, tu, nous: pour une culture de la différence [Je, Tu, Nous: Toward a Culture of Difference] (criticism) 1990
The Irigaray Reader [edited by Margaret Whitford] (essays) 1991
§J'aime à toi: esquisse d'une félicité dans l'histoire [I Love to You: Sketch for a Happiness within History] (criticism) 1992
La democrazia cominicia a due [Democracy Begins with Two] (criticism) 1994
Le souffle des femmes (criticism) 1996
Être deux [Being Two] (philosophy) 1997
Entre Orient et Occident: De la singularité à la communauté (criticism) 1999
*In addition to the title essay, this work comprises the essays "The Mirror, from the Other Side," "Così fan tutti," "Women on the Market," "Commodities among Themselves," "Questions," "The Power of Discourse and the Subordination of the Feminine," and "When Our Lips Speak Together."
†This work contains the essays "The Fecundity of the Caress," "Sexual Difference," and "Sorcerer Love: A Reading of Plato's Symposium, Diotima's Speech."
‡This work contains the essay "La Limite du Transfert."
§This work has also been published as I Love to You: Sketch of a Possible Felicity in History.
Carolyn Burke (essay date summer 1981)
SOURCE: Burke, Carolyn. "Irigaray through the Looking Glass." Feminist Studies 7, no. 2 (summer 1981): 288-306.
[In the following essay, Burke discusses Irigaray's early works in the context of Lacanian and Derridean thought, examining how Irigaray's writing functions and whether it meets its own criteria.]
It is no longer possible to go looking for woman, or for woman's feminity or for female sexuality. At least, they can not be found by means of any familiar mode of thought or knowledge—even if it is impossible to stop looking for them.
Jacques Derrida, Spurs/Eperons
Luce Irigaray...
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Hélène Vivienne Wenzel (essay date autumn 1981)
SOURCE: Wenzel, Hélène Vivienne. "Introduction to Luce Irigaray's 'And the One Doesn't Stir without the Other.'" Signs 7, no. 1 (autumn 1981): 56-9.
[In the following essay, Wenzel outlines Irigaray's feminist revision of psychoanalytic theories concerning the mother-daughter relationship in "And the One Doesn't Stir without the Other."]
When I speak of the relationship to the mother, I want to say that, in our patriarchal culture, the daughter may absolutely not determine her relationship to her mother. Nor the woman her relationship to maternity, unless it is to reduce herself to it.1
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Christine Holmlund (essay date summer 1991)
SOURCE: Holmlund, Christine. "The Lesbian, the Mother, the Heterosexual Lover: Irigaray's Recodings of Difference." Feminist Studies 17, no. 2 (summer 1991): 283-308.
[In the following essay, Holmlund surveys Irigaray's oeuvre and its critical reception, identifying three central tropes that inform her criticism and the political/literary implications of these devices in the evolution of her thought.]
To North American feminists encountering Luce Irigaray for the first time, several of the themes underlying her wide-ranging theoretical and empirical investigations will seem familiar: (1) her overt, uncompromising challenge to male systems of thought; (2) her...
(The entire section is 10453 words.)
Ofelia Schutte (essay date summer 1991)
SOURCE: Schutte, Ofelia. "Irigaray on the Problem of Subjectivity.1" Hypatia 6, no. 2 (summer 1991): 64-76.
[In the following essay, Schutte analyzes the critique of female identity formation in Speculum of the Other Woman, examining Irigaray's claims of phallocentric biases in psychoanalysis.]
"My sex is removed, at least as the property of a subject, from the predicative mechanism that assures discursive coherence," states Luce Irigaray in defense of her unconventional critique of the logic of identity and the subject undertaken in her study Speculum of the Other Woman.2 Her defiance of the "master discourse" of...
(The entire section is 6017 words.)
Maggie Berg (essay date autumn 1991)
SOURCE: Berg, Maggie. "Luce Irigaray's 'Contradictions': Poststructuralism and Feminism." Signs 17, no. 1 (autumn 1991): 50-70.
[In the following essay, Berg proposes an ironic reading of "When Our Lips Speak Together," situating Irigaray's "lips" metaphor as a counterpart to Lacan's "phallus" metaphor.]
The work of Luce Irigaray is regarded by many feminists as riven with contradictions: she is a poststructuralist and a Lacanian insofar as she believes that the subject is a discursive construct, making identity unstable; but, in order to rescue women from what she sees as the repressive effects of phallocentrism, she apparently proposes an...
(The entire section is 9210 words.)
Margaret Whitford (essay date fall 1991)
SOURCE: Whitford, Margaret. "Irigaray's Body Symbolic." Hypatia 6, no. 3 (fall 1991): 97-110.
[In the following essay, Whitford deals with the symbolic implications of Irigaray's images of the female body in To Speak Is Never Neutral and This Sex Which Is Not One.]
There is a real, and probably at the moment irresolvable, tension in feminist thought between the need to create positive images of women, and the arguable impossibility of producing images which are not immediately recaptured, or recapturable, by the dominant imaginary and symbolic economy in which woman figures for-man. Roszika Parker points out that:
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James Robert Quick (essay date fall 1992)
SOURCE: Quick, James Robert. "Pronom 'She': Luce Irigaray's Fluid Dynamics." Philosophy Today 36, no. 3 (fall 1992): 199-209.
[In the following essay, Quick analyzes Irigaray's philosophical construction of female subjectivity, emphasizing the "fluidity" of femininity.]
The Department of Psychoanalysis at the University of Paris (Vincennes) demands Luce Irigaray's submission to a question: "What do you propose to do in your teaching?"1 Without confining the fluid discourse within which she stages her responses—for they are not one—this essay will chart the flow of Irigaray's articulation of a "Subject" with and...
(The entire section is 6814 words.)
Lynda Haas (review date fall 1993)
SOURCE: Haas, Lynda. "Of Waters and Women: The Philosophy of Luce Irigaray." Hypatia 8, no. 4 (fall 1993): 150-59.
[In the following review, Haas examines Irigaray's thought in Marine Lover of Friedrich Nietzsche and The Irigaray Reader, focusing on her contributions to philosophy.]
"Let [people] take what they will out of my books. I don't think that my work can be better understood because I've done this or that" (Irigaray 1991, 1). Even though feminist scholars from many perspectives have discussed her work, the writing of Luce Irigaray remains somewhat elusive. Of course, in English we lack the benefit of Irigaray's full career, since the...
(The entire section is 4061 words.)
Luce Irigaray, Elizabeth Hirsh, and Gary A. Olson (interview date May 1994)
SOURCE: Irigaray, Luce, Elizabeth Hirsch, and Gary A. Olson. "'Je—Luce Irigaray': A Meeting with Luce Irigaray." Hypatia 10, no. 2 (spring 1995): 93-114.
[In the following interview, originally conducted in May 1994, Irigaray discusses the specificity of her own practice as a writer, her relationship with psychoanalytic theory, and her relationship to traditional Western philosophy.]
The authors conducted this interview with Luce Irigaray in her home in Paris in May, 1994.
Trained in linguistics, literature, and psychoanalysis, Luce Irigaray nonetheless insists...
(The entire section is 11137 words.)
Penelope Deutscher (essay date fall 1994)
SOURCE: Deutscher, Penelope. "'The Only Diabolical Thing about Women …': Luce Irigaray on Divinity." Hypatia 9, no. 4 (fall 1994): 88-111.
[In the following essay, Deutscher analyzes the cultural and philosophical significance of Irigaray's feminist reconceptualization of divinity in Sexes and Genealogies and An Ethics of Sexual Difference.]
The only diabolical thing about women is their lack of a God and the fact that, deprived of God, they are forced to comply with models that do not match them, that exile, double, mask them, cut them off from themselves and from one another, stripping away their ability to move forward into love,...
(The entire section is 11178 words.)
Naomi Schor (essay date 1994)
SOURCE: Schor, Naomi. "This Essentialism Which Is Not One: Coming to Grips with Irigaray." In Engaging with Irigaray: Feminist Philosophy and Modern European Thought, edited by Carolyn Burke, Naomi Schor, and Margaret Whitford, pp. 57-78. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1994.
[In the following essay, Schor considers contemporary critiques of essentialism, comparing the opposing thought of Simone de Beauvoir and Irigaray.]
As Jacques Derrida pointed out several years ago, in the institutional model of the university elaborated in Germany at the beginning of the nineteenth century no provision was made, no space allocated for the discipline of women's...
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Penelope Deutscher (review date spring 1998)
SOURCE: Deutscher, Penelope. Review of I Love to You: Sketch for a Happiness within History, by Luce Irigaray. Hypatia 13, no. 2 (spring 1998): 170-74.
[In the following review, Deutscher contends that Irigaray's later work—including I Love to You: Sketch for a Happiness within History—is less sophisticated than her earlier efforts, which many critics preferred for its deconstructive rather than progressive perspectives.]
In her introduction to Engaging with Irigaray, Naomi Schor reminds readers of the well-known story of Irigaray and her critics, beginning with the large numbers who adopted positions resolutely pro and con based only on...
(The entire section is 2004 words.)
Richard Dellamora (essay date winter 2000)
SOURCE: Dellamora, Richard. "Apocalyptic Irigaray." Twentieth Century Literature 46, no. 4 (winter 2000): 492-512.
[In the following essay, Dellamora analyzes apocalyptic rhetoric in Irigaray, comparing her vision of gender relations with that of poststructuralists Emmanuel Lévinas and Michel Foucault.]
"The Book of Life begins with a man and a woman in a garden. It ends with Revelations" (94). These sentences comprise one of Oscar Wilde's best known epigrams. The first suggests that, in the book of nature and Western culture, life originates in the male-female dyad. The second suggests that the end of life is apocalyptic in one of two ways. Topically,...
(The entire section is 8699 words.)
Further Reading
Chanter, Tina. Ethics of Eros: Irigaray's Re-writing of the Philosophers. New York, NY: Routledge, 1995, 345 p.
Chanter offers an analysis of the ways that Irigaray has been influenced by other philosophers and the methods she has used to rework their ideas regarding gender relations.
Colebrook, Claire. "Feminist Philosophy and the Philosophy of Feminism: Irigaray and the History of Western Metaphysics." Hypatia 12, no. 1 (winter 1997): 79-98.
Colebrook examines Irigaray's assertion that metaphysics depend on the exclusion of the female body.
Fermon, Nicole. "Women on the Global...
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text:
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is visiting Egypt and Tunisia from March 15-17. Today, Secretary Clinton visited Tahrir Square in Cairo, where she said: "To see where this revolution happened and all that it has meant to the world is extraordinary for me. It's just a great reminder of the power of the human spirit and universal desire for human rights and democracy. It's just thrilling to see where this happened."
Secretary Clinton then met with Egyptian Prime Minister Essam Sharaf and pledged U.S. support as his country embarks on the next chapter in its history. Preceding the meeting, Secretary Clinton said, "...The United States stands ready to help in every way possible to translate what happened in Tahrir Square into the new reality for Egypt."
The Secretary met with U.S. Embassy Cairo staff and thanked them for their extraordinary service during this historic time in Egypt. The Secretary said, "...I know that it's been a challenging time here in Cairo over the last weeks. During the evacuations, you worked night and day to make sure that over 2,300 American citizens were safely evacuated.""...Now, I also know that we only have 50 percent of our staff here. I was just talking with the Ambassador. We are hoping to be able to begin to return more of our staff back here to Cairo to give you a little relief and to continue building support for the work that the government here in Egypt is doing. I also appreciate the extra help that you've given for my trip. I know it's not easy any time someone like me shows up and you have to work even harder to be able to fulfill the extra requirements. I also want to thank our military for the help in rescuing and evacuating Egyptians from Libya. We have brought home more than a thousand Egyptians who were stranded on the border with Tunisia, and I'm very proud of that effort."
Continuing her remarks, Secretary Clinton told the embassy staff, "...I said to the foreign minister and other ministers that I had dinner with last night that compared to Egypt, the United States is a very, very young country -- 225 years (inaudible) 7,000 years. There's not much of a comparison. But we are the oldest democracy, so we do know a thing or two about translating into reality the democratic principles and values. And we know that it is the most important work that any people can do. It is not easy work. It has taken us a long time. And frankly, we've had a lot of struggles along the way. We've had our own problems in overcoming divisions, fighting a civil war, reaching out to include women, people of different religions and backgrounds and races -- all in the American democracy.
"And I have great confidence that Egypt is going to break the mold, that you are going to show how democracy works in a way that, for generations to come, not only future Egyptians but people everywhere, are going to point and say, 'That was one of the most important historic turning points.' The pyramids are magnificent, but nowhere near as magnificent as what you have already done.
"And now to make sure...that all that work and all that sacrifice, including the loss of an employee here at the embassy, is not in vain, that no one is permitted to hijack this revolution, no one is permitted to turn the clock back on this revolution, no one is permitted to claim it for only one group of Egyptians and try to exclude other Egyptians. That will be the challenge.
"And we will help in every way possible to support those who are making the decisions now to support the process that will allow Egyptians to elect the leaders who will lead the first part of this new democracy, and to remind everyone that elections is not all that democracy's about. People can have an election and then never want to have another election. And what has to happen is to really embed all of the values of democracy into the hearts and minds of the Egyptian citizens."
While in Cairo, Secretary Clinton also participated in interviews with Shahira Amin of Nile TV, Wyatt Andrews of CBS, Kim Ghattas of BBC, Steve Inskeep of NPR, and Andrea Mitchell of NBC. In addition to discussing her visit to Egypt, Secretary Clinton spoke about events in Japan and Libya. During remarks to the traveling press, the Secretary addressed the situation in Bahrain. She said, "I think what's happening in Bahrain is alarming, and it is unfortunately diverting attention and effort away from the political and economic track that is the only way forward to resolve the legitimate differences of the Bahrainis themselves. We have made that clear time and time again. We have deplored the use of force. We have said not only to the Bahrainis but to our Gulf partners that we do not think security is the answer to what is going on."
The Secretary continued, "Now, we've also said to the protestors that they have to engage in peaceful protest and they should return to the negotiating table. As you probably know, Jeff Feltman is in Manama, is in constant touch with the government. There's a lot of other communication going on. We have also reminded the Bahrainis that they have an obligation to keep medical facilities open and to facilitate treatment of the injured, and we want to see an end to the use of force and a return to negotiation."
You can read more about Secretary Clinton's travel to Egypt and Tunisia here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Topic: Problems with Media Temple and post requests
I'm not certain, but I think I'm having a problem with my app
receiving post requests in production. I've got two distinct problems
that only manifest themselves in production on a Media Temple Grid
Server plan. I'm using Capistrano to deploy and I'm running Rails
The first problem is that I've got a form that auto-submits when a
select menu is changed. The form submits, but doesn't appear to submit
a post request. I've got an if statement checking if request.post?
that returns false, and I don't see anything indicating a post request
in the production.log file. It works perfectly on my development
machine, though.
The second problem is that my create actions aren't being invoked in
certain cases where I'm using attachment_fu. It's a similar problem,
where post requests don't seem to be processed correctly in
production. Basically, I submit a form using RESTful conventions and
the index action is invoked instead of the create action.
I'm wondering if these two problems are related in that they both
involve improper handling of post request in production. I posted some
additional detail here as well: http://www.railsweenie.com/forums/6/topics/1378
If somebody has experienced this, or thinks they know what's going on,
I'd appreciate any help you can provide. I can't seem to track down
the problem, and I'm completely out of ideas.
Thanks much!


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text: Kenya Airways Chief Executive appointed to IATA Board of Governors Appointment places Dr. Naikuni at the centre of Aviation Industry Decision Making Body. Nairobi, June 10, 2011 … Kenya Airways is pleased to announce the appointment of its Group Managing Director and CEO, Dr. Titus Naikuni to the International Air Travel Association (IATA) Board of Governors. Dr. Naikuni was elected to the IATA board at the conclusion of the Association's 67th Annual General Meeting (AGM) in Singapore on 6th June. He was also appointed to the 2012 Nominating committee. This committee has the responsibility of nominating candidates to the IATA Board of Governors. With this appointment Dr. Naikuni returns to the IATA Board having served for four years from 2004 to 2009. IATA is an international trade body that represents, leads and serves over 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduled international air traffic. IATA Board of Governors is composed of thirty-one (31) persons elected from amongst its members, who serve without remuneration. This Board exercises oversight and executive roles on behalf of the membership as a whole in representing the interests of the Association. The Board gives policy directives and guidance to IATA Industry Committees, subsidiary bodies and policy guidance to the IATA Traffic Conferences and to industry settlement plans, as may be required. This appointment places Dr. Naikuni at the centre of decision making for the aviation industry. It is a culmination of experience and expertise gained after 8 years at the helm of one of Africa's leading airlines, Kenya Airways, and underpins the level of confidence that IATA members place in his leadership capabilities. Speaking following the appointment, Dr. Naikuni noted "I am greatly honoured by this appointment and wish to express my gratitude to the IATA members for their confidence in my election to serve them. This appointment is very exciting because it comes at a time when the economies of Africa are poised for takeoff. Transport is an important factor in Africa's economic development and the aviation industry will undoubtedly play a major role in the pursuit of this development." He further added, "This appointment is an indication that African airlines are ready to take their rightful place in leading the decision making in the world's aviation industry. I will strive to serve the interests of all members while seeking to ensure that airlines in Africa in particular are able to meet the safety, environmental and sustainability agendas that IATA drives." Kenya Airways, The Pride of Africa, has positioned itself as a key driver in the development of Transport links across the country. The airline seeks to be the carrier of choice on the content, connecting various African cities and linking Africa to the world through its hub in Nairobi. Kenya Airways is set to commence flights to its 54th global destination, Ndjamena, Chad later this month.


text:
Modern graphics processors feature over a thousand of processing elements, or cores, and can use them all. Modern commercial microprocessors feature up to twelve cores, but Intel Corp.'s experimental single-chip cloud computer (SCC) features 48-cores. According to an Intel engineer, it is theoretically possible to create a CPU with a thousand of cores, the question is how to utilize those cores.
"I came up with that 1000 number by playing a Moore's Law doubling game. If the integration capacity doubles with each generation and a generation is nominally two years, then in four or five doublings from today's 48 cores, we are at 1000. So this is really a question of how long do we think our fabs can keep up with Moore's Law. If I've learned anything in my 17+ years at Intel, it's never bet against our fabs," said Timothy Mattson, who is a principal engineer at Intel's Microprocessor Technology Laboratory, in an interview with ZDNet UK web-site.
Theoretically, Intel would be able to create a 1000-core SCC-like homogeneous multi-core central processing units (CPUs) in eight or ten years. The question is whether this is actually necessary: graphics processing units with over one and a half thousand of processing elements are available already, but they cannot run operating systems or efficiently solve truly complex problems, such those computed on modern servers. As a result, both AMD and Intel are working on multi-core heterogeneous microprocessors."Speaking from a technical perspective, I can easily see us using 1000 cores. The issue, however, is really one of product strategy and market demands. As I said earlier, in the research world where I work, my job is to stay ahead of the curve so our product groups can take the best products to the market, optimised for usage models demanded by consumers," added Mr. Mattson.
The prototype chip contains 24 tiles with two x86 cores per each, which results in 48 cores – the largest number ever placed on a single piece of silicon. Each core can run a separate OS and software stack and act like an individual compute node that communicates with other compute nodes over a packet-based network. Every core sports its own non-coherent L2 cache and each tile sports a special router logic that allows tiles to communicate with each other using a 24-router mesh network with 256GB/s bisection bandwidth. There is no hardware cache coherence support among cores in order to simplify the design, reduce power consumption and to encourage the exploration of datacenter distributed memory software models on-chip. Each tile (2 cores) can have its own frequency, and groupings of four tiles (8 cores) can each run at their own voltage. The processor sports four integrated DDR3 memory controllers, or one controller per twelve cores.
Back in the past Intel already introduced a research processor with 80-cores, but that chip, unlike SCC, even did not reach any researchers outside the company. The first research processor of Intel's Tera-Scale research project had performance of 1.6TFLOPS SP at 5GHz clock-speed.


text:
When you think of Dickies, think tough and rugged. These jeans are both! Double tool pocket on left leg to hold cell phone or pager. Heavy duty brass zipper. Hammer loop. Dickies logo patch on back pocket. Button waist. Imported.
As an authorized retailer of Dickies work wear, we cannot accept orders from outside the United States for Dickies apparel. We are very sorry for any inconvenience this may cause you.


text:
*At age 40, NeNe Leakes of "The Real Housewives of Atlanta" has become a grandmother.
[SUBSCRIBE TO EURWEB's RSS FEED]
Her granddaughter, Bri'asia Bryant, was born two months ago, but she has remained quiet about it until now, telling In Touch magazine "Forty is the new 30. I'm a sassy, fashion-forward grandma!"
NeNe says she was shocked when she learned from her 22-year-old son, Bryson, that he and his girlfriend, Ashley Hill, 21 were expecting a baby girl. It seems that Bryson was hesitant to tell his mom about the baby as he wasn't sure how she'd react.
In Touch reports: "I only found out about everything because I ran into Ashley when she was more than six months along," NeNe tells In Touch in an exclusive interview. "I said, 'You look pregnant.' And she said, 'Hasn't Bryson told you?' But he hadn't because he knew that I wouldn't approve of him having a child so young."
"I didn't feel like he was ready for such a big responsibility," she says. "I was his age when I had him, so I know how tough it is. I didn't want him to make the same mistakes that I did. I needed to let it sink in."
Once little Bri'asia was born in mid-June, NeNe's heart thawed: "I always wanted to have a girl," she says, "and now I have one! She's just adorable."
NeNe's wallet thawed as well: "I paid for everything in the nursery: the clothing, the diapers. I don't want her to feel strapped." She told In Touch that she's gone completely "crazy" buying gifts for the baby, including "little dresses, sparkly headbands, and Gucci shoes … We just love her!"


text:
by Anton Shilov
On Tuesday the Federal Trade Commission announced that it had modified its antitrust settlement with Intel Corp. and under new agreement the company may omit support of PCI Express interface from its code-named Oak Trail system-on-chip aimed at tablets. The change of the settlement generally does not impact the hardware market tangibly.
Intel does not need to include PCI Express bus support into the product "code-named 'Oak Trail' when supplied to customers for pre-production testing prior to the effective date of this order; is shipped by [Intel] on or before June 30, 2013, and is promoted and sold only for use in fanless netbooks launched on or before December 31, 2012". Even though the decision is pretty clear, it causes more questions than answers.
The code-named Oak Trail system-on-chip is based on Atom microprocessor core and is designed for ultra low-power netbooks as well as slate-type personal computers. It is widely believed that Oak Trail is heavily based on the code-named Moorestown (Atom Z600) design, but should support PCI Express as well as Microsoft Windows 7 operating system. Some claim that the reason why Intel Atom Z600-series SoCs do not support mainstream Windows OS is because the chips do not support PCI or PCI Express bus.
Since Oak Trail is already a highly integrated solution, it does not need any additional controllers or other peripherals that use PCI Express.
Available to customers early 2011 (which means that it will take months to actually integrate the device), Oak Trail will deliver up to a 50%t reduction in average power consumption with full HD-video playback, according to Intel. The SoC will target a choice of operating systems including MeeGo, Windows 7 and Google Android or Chrome operating systems.


text:
Send an email to Dr. Terrence R. Guay
Dr. Terrence R. Guay
TERRENCE R. GUAY is Clinical Assistant Professor of International Business at The Smeal College of Business, The Pennsylvania State University, where he teaches international business and the business environment of Europe. He is the author of At Arm's Length: The European Union and Europe's Defence Industry (Macmillan and St. Martin's Presses, 1998), The United States and the European Union: The Political Economy of a Relationship (Sheffield Academic Press, 1999), and several academic journal articles and book chapters on transatlantic relations, political economy, business-government relations, and security. Dr. Guay holds a BS from Clarkson University, MBA from The Ohio State University, and MA and Ph.D. from Syracuse University. Previously, he was a faculty member in the Maxwell School of Syracuse University and the School of International Service at The American University.
*The above information may not be current. It was current at the time when the individual worked for SSI or was published by SSI.
SSI books and monographs by Dr. Terrence R. Guay
Globalization and Its Implications for the Defense Industrial Base
March 15, 2007
Authored by Dr. Terrence R. Guay.
One of the most important implications of globalization is its effect on the economic competitiveness of countries and particular industries. Both governments and defense companies bear the responsibility for devising prudent policies and strategies that capture the opportunities presented by globalization, while mitigating the risks.
The Transatlantic Defense Industrial Base: Restructuring Scenarios and Their Implications
April 01, 2005
Authored by Dr. Terrence R. Guay.
The author examines the economic, political, technological, and security factors that have shaped recent developments in the U.S. and European defense industries. The author also identifies issues that will shape further industrial restructuring and consolidation in the short- and medium-term, and makes recommendations for assisting the development of a transatlantic, rather than bipolar, defense industrial base.


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Topic: help with refrigerating dough (Read 2954 times)
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Registered User
Posts: 24
help with refrigerating dough
September 24, 2013, 08:13:12 AM »
ok this is the deal, i opened a pizzeria with my brother in june. we have been getting rave reviews about the town and generally the food is going down very well. however our finances are still not stacking up. as in our turnover is still not as high as we need to pay all our bills and overheads plus allow us a decent wage so we are looking at ways to cut costs. one of the things we looked at is the sheer volume of dough we are throwing away on a daily basis.
our current way of doing things is to make the dough daily. normally in 2 batches as one batch wont see the night out even if we dont use it as it blows up past the usable point after about 5 hours (most likely due to the amount of yeast required to make it and have it ready for cooking in a couple of hours)
anyway what this means is that most days we are throwing away approx 50% of the dough we make which is quite a lot of money going in the bin.
i have thought about making dough and refrigerating it and only taking out what we need when we need it however i made a few test batches and found that whilst they kept well when we hand stretch the pizzas from that dough the outer crust always want to do that tearing cracking thing.
basically im looking for some advice on how i could get this strategy to work more effectively.
some of the questions i have would be things like
do i need to ball the dough before refrigerating or just refrigerate the slab and cut off what i need as i need it?
does the dough need to be kept covered in plastic or in a dough tray with lid on etc?
how long should it take refrigerated dough to come to room temp when removed from the fridge?
how long could it keep in the fridge?
and basically any other advice any of u pros could give me.
thanks in advance guys
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Posts: 25630
Location: Texas
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Re: help with refrigerating dough
Reply #1 on:
September 24, 2013, 09:21:34 AM »
I think it would help if you tell us the type of dough and pizza you are trying to make and also considerably more about your dough making procedure, including the window within which the dough is made and used (e.g., when do you start the dough making process and when do you use the dough to make pizzas).
In the meantime, you might want to take a look at a typical process as set forth in Reply 18 at
. There may also be opportunities to recycle some of your unused dough as scrap but that may depend on when you make the dough and when you plan to use it.
Registered User
Posts: 24
Re: help with refrigerating dough
Reply #2 on:
September 24, 2013, 11:00:31 AM »
cheers pete.
basically i will start making the dough approx 2 hrs before i open for business.
it will be mixed and balled and resting for at least an hour before opening to allow it to rise sufficiently.
the usual mix for quieter days would be four levelled scoops of flour which amount to (5.88kg), 3 litres of water and 12 grams of high activity fresh yeast and some salt and sugar.
this allows the dough to rise/proof sufficiently to be great for stretching and so there is no blistering in the oven due to underproofing
however as i said the downside to this is that the dough needs to be used within about 4 hours of being ready or it becomes full of air bubbles and basically rubbish to use.
the reason i do it this way is because without refridgeration i cant really get it to sit overnight for example if i was to make it the evening before. hence this post to try and find a better way.
most pizza shops round here use the roller machines where they just drop the doughball in to roll it but the pizzas i make are hand stretched with a formed crust kind of similar in shape to dominos but without that textured stuff they put in it and stonebaked. here is a pic of one
(87.66 kB, 720x960)
Last Edit: September 24, 2013, 11:36:48 AM by fersy
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Re: help with refrigerating dough
Reply #3 on:
September 24, 2013, 01:02:31 PM »
To be sure I understand, are you saying that you do not have any commercial refrigeration available to you? If you do have a cooler, can it store racks or trays of preformed skins (or shells or bases I believe you call them in Northern Ireland)?
I did a few calculations and it appears that your hydration is 50% and that your fresh yeast usage is 0.204%. That is a small amount of yeast, even for a short-term dough that you are making. Are you using very warm water in making the dough, maybe coupled with a fairly high room temperature? From the time the dough has been divided and balled, how many hours do you have before the dough balls can no longer be used?
Registered User
Posts: 24
Re: help with refrigerating dough
Reply #4 on:
September 24, 2013, 06:12:37 PM »
cheers pete, yes i have a pizza prep refrigerated unit where i can fit dough trays in no problem its more of a case of not exactly knowing how to get good pizzas from the dough after ive had it in there a few hours. oh wait are u actually suggesting forming the bases before i put them in the fridge yes?
no i dont use warm water for the dough in fact a few weeks back in midsummer i was using iced water with icecubes to keep the temp down. now im just using tap water but its certainly not warm. the daytime temps where i am are currently about 20c during the day (air temps not water lol)
as for how long i have basically if i want a 1 hour rise with the mixture i gave u i get about 4 hrs from the dough being ready for use till its past it. if i am making say a second batch i will half the yeast and i get a dough which takes about 3 hrs to be ready but the window of usability is longer probably 6 or 7 hours.
as the weather gets colder i will need to use a lot more yeast but thats just where im at atm
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Re: help with refrigerating dough
Reply #5 on:
September 24, 2013, 07:24:24 PM »
I am just a home pizza hobbyist with no professional experience whatsoever but I do try to read and understand how pizza operators deal with the problems they encounter in the performance of their businesses on a day to day basis. And, in that vein, I would say that the dough preparation and management procedures that are recited in Reply 18 referenced earlier do appear to meld nicely with inventorying unused dough balls by preforming them into skins and putting them into the cooler for later use. There are various nuances to this latter step as you can see from the following items:
Reply 7 at
Reply 9 at
In your case, should you decide to stay with your present dough formulation and dough preparation and management, there may be some mix of regular dough balls and preformed refrigerated bases that will help reduce the dough losses you mentioned. There is also the opportunity to use leftover dough as recycle scrap for use in the next dough batch, although there are some limitations on the amount of dough that might be usable as scrap. I might also mention that some pizza operators with blown or overfermented dough will use that dough to make breadsticks or garlic knots and the like rather than throw the dough away. The breadsticks and garlic knots can even be par-baked and reheated later. It might even be possible to hold the overfermented dough in the cooler overnight for next day use. Some of these techniques are described at
. In your case, even with your normal dough, you might preform the unused dough balls into bases at the end of day and refrigerate them overnight for use the next day. However, from the Lehmann items referenced above, that may not be the best way to proceed since the bases might dry out with excessive cold storage. They might even rise some while in the cooler. This is an area where you may have to experiment a bit to see if it is a viable approach.
Last Edit: September 24, 2013, 08:50:53 PM by Pete-zza
Registered User
Posts: 24
Re: help with refrigerating dough
Reply #6 on:
September 26, 2013, 07:29:20 PM »
cheers pete i will get a look at those links now and then maybe try a few experiments to see what works best for me.
thank you
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Posts: 2904
Age: 38
Location: Pittsburgh
It's Pizza Time
Re: help with refrigerating dough
Reply #7 on:
September 28, 2013, 10:38:12 PM »
Definitely go for the fridge rise. Your dough will be much more flavorful.
If you can dodge a wrench you can dodge a ball.
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The towers were not there then...but I think I get your drift on the nosie level. The rest is "alien" to me.pankrro wrote:just think of the beatles playing at the shea stadium:
the db of the screaming was higher than the twin towers. There is no way they could have played so good all the songs, but they did, right?. Why???
Because they are the Beatles....i know, but why are they the beatles? because......well, i said it before...[/i]


text:
On March 8, Secretary of State John Kerry honored nine extraordinary women with the Secretary of State's International Women of Courage Award, which recognizes women around the world who have shown exceptional leadership in advocating for women's rights and empowerment, often at great personal risk.
Since the 2007, the U.S. Secretary of State has recognized 66 women from 44 countries with this award, and the annual ceremony has become an occasion that encourages all of us who work at the U.S. Department of State. One of the reasons the ceremony inspires us is the powerful stories these women have to tell. We want to share their stories and spotlight their achievements, and the use of social media is a vital way we can achieve that goal. So, we could not have been more pleased that today's ceremony also marked the U.S. Department of State's first Tweet-up, an in-person gathering of individuals from our online communities.
Eight of the State Department's Twitter followers attended today's ceremony and met Secretary of State John Kerry, Teresa Heinz Kerry, and special guest, First Lady Michelle Obama. The Tweet-up participants included graduate students, a kindergarten teacher, an astrophysicist, and advocates for women's rights -- a remarkable group in and of themselves.
During the event, one of the participants, Paul, tweeted, "Thanks for having us! It's an honor to help spread the important message of women's rights to the globe." Another participant, Catherine, tweeted, "For a girl from a small country town this is amazing beyond words and I am so grateful."
We were grateful to have had the chance to engage with our online community offline, in what was the first of what we hope will be many opportunities for our followers. Stay tuned to @StateDept for information on future events, and contribute to the conversation on International Women's Day by using the hashtags #IWOC and #IWD.
Inna M. in Washington, D.C. writes:
The Annual Secretary of State's International Women of Courage Award is a great tradition to recognize and to support those brave women around the world, who have the guts to expose the truth in the countries with serious human rights problems. I've read the stories of all nine recipients of the 2013 Award - their dedication and courage are incredible! Thank you Secretary Kerry for continuing the tradition.


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The Shmuel and Pearl Lamm Gemilat
Chessed Fund
In 1990 in recognition of a generous grant by Dr. Norman Lamm, then President of Yeshiva University, the free loan fund operated by the Yeshiva University Israel Alumni was renamed The Shmuel and Pearl Lamm Gemilat Chessed Fund. Since then the fund has been supplemented by donations from the Lamm family.
The Shmuel and Pearl Lamm Gemilat Chessed Fund (hereinafter the Gemach) is operated by the Yeshiva University Israel Alumni (YUIA). The funds are kept segregated in a special account which is devoted to and limited to the purpose of granting interest free short term loans. The regulations and procedures are decided by the Board of Directors of YUIA. The fund is administered by a Committee chosen by the Board.
1. Loans are available to alumni of Yeshiva University (and Rabbi
Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary)
and to others affiliated with Yeshiva University in Israel.
2. The applicant must be living in Israel.
3. Loans are only granted for personal need and are not available for any kind of business or
commercial need.
4. The maximum loan is for the Shekel equivalent of $3,000 and is to be repaid over 18 months.
5. The application for a loan requires that the applicant state the purpose of the loan.
6. The applicant must provide the names and signatures of 2 acceptable guarantors.
7. Upon receipt of the loan, the applicant must submit 18 shekel checks
(amount of the checks is determined by the committee and is based on 1/18 of the amount of the
8. The Committee that approves the loan is also authorized to make decisions concerning the extension
of repayment dates and other administrative decisions. The Committee is not authorized to grant
loans greater than $3,000.
9. No repeat loans can be granted until the recipient has fully paid off the previous loan.
DefaultsIn the event of default, all appropriate
measures for collection will be applied.
For more information, please email email@example.com.


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LINGUIST List 23.4852
Wed Nov 21 2012
Calls: Computational Linguistics, Semantics/Germany
Editor for this issue: Alison Zaharee <alison
Katrin Erk <katrin.erk
10th International Conference on Computational Semantics
E-mail this message to a friend
Full Title: 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics
Short Title: IWCS
Date: 20-Mar-2013 - 22-Mar-2013
Location: Potsdam, Germany
Contact Person: Katrin Erk
Meeting Email:
< click here to access email >
Web Site:
Linguistic Field(s): Computational Linguistics; Semantics
Call Deadline: 30-Nov-2012
Meeting Description:
10th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS)
University of Potsdam, Germany
March 20-22, 2013
The aim of the IWCS conference is to bring together researchers interested in the computation, annotation, extraction, and representation of meaning in natural language, whether this is from a lexical or structural semantic perspective. IWCS embraces both symbolic and statistical approaches to computational semantics, and everything in between.
Invited Speakers:
Kevin Knight (Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California)
Manfred Pinkal (Department of Computational Linguistics & Phonetics, Saarland University)
Final Call for Papers:
Topics of Interest:
Areas of special interest for the conference will be computational aspects of meaning of natural language within written, spoken, or multimodal communication. Papers are invited that are concerned with topics in these and closely related areas, including the following:
- Representation of meaning
- Syntax-semantics interface
- Representing and resolving semantic ambiguity
- Shallow and deep semantic processing and reasoning
- Hybrid symbolic and statistical approaches to representing semantics
- Alternative approaches to compositional semantics
- Inference methods for computational semantics
- Recognizing textual entailment
- Learning by reading
- Methodologies and practices for semantic annotation
- Machine learning of semantic structures
- Statistical semantics
- Computational aspects of lexical semantics
- Semantics and ontologies
- Semantic web and natural language processing
- Semantic aspects of language generation
- Semantic relations in discourse and dialogue
- Semantics and pragmatics of dialogue acts
- Multimodal and grounded approaches to computing meaning
- Semantics-pragmatics interface
Submission Requirements:
Two types of submission are solicited: long papers and short papers. Both types of papers should be submitted not later than November 30, 2012.
Long papers should describe original research and must not exceed 10 pages. They will be published in the conference proceedings and will have a full oral presentation at the conference.
Short papers (typically system or project descriptions, or ongoing research) must not exceed 5 pages. They will be published in the conference proceedings, and will have a lightning talk at the conference, followed by a poster/demo session for discussion.
Papers should be electronically submitted in PDF format via the START system at
. Please contact the organisers if you have problems using START.
Please follow the information for authors for instructions on formatting your paper, given on the conference webpage
Program Chairs:
Katrin Erk, University of Texas at Austin
Alexander Koller, University of Potsdam
Program Committee:
Tim Baldwin
Marco Baroni
Anja Belz
Jonathan Berant
Raffaella Bernardi
Patrick Blackburn
Gemma Boleda
Johan Bos
Antonio Branco
Chris Brew
Susan Brown
Paul Buitelaar
Harry Bunt
Aljoscha Burchardt
Nicoletta Calzolari
Rui Chaves
Philipp Cimiano
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Ann Copestake
Montse Cuadros
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Rodolfo Delmonte
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Markus Egg
Raquel Fernandez
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Edward Grefenstette
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Marie-Francine Moens
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Manfred Pinkal
Paul Piwek
Richard Power
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Caroline Sporleder
Manfred Stede
Mary Swift
Idan Szpektor
Stefan Thater
Peter Turney
Tim van de Cruys
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He's Baaaaack . . .
He will need to convince the Republican-dominated House of Representatives of whatever plan he arrives at because they, and not the president, make the laws.
That said, one of the first tax issues to be discussed will be the Bush-era tax cuts that included the favorable treatment of dividends. In recent years, near-zero interest rates have caused income hungry investors to flock to dividend-paying stocks for income and the potential for growth. As the favorable tax regime for that income flow gets debated, investors must now question whether a higher tax on dividends will siphon cash flow from investors' coffers to the federal government's.
Furthermore, will dividend-paying stocks decline in value as investors shift away from companies that pay cash directly to investors to those where cash flow is compounded internally and not paid out?
We see a strong likelihood of a change in dividend taxation although we can only speculate on the form it could take. There could be income thresholds, or limits on preferential treatment. For example, we might see an income limit of $250,000 before the higher rate takes effect or a limit of $10,000 in dividends paid per person. Perhaps dividends become taxed entirely as income.
We can hope for clarity but there is less likelihood of taming the grotesque creature known as the tax code and a greater possibility of something that might be called The Accountant's Full Employment Act.
The first reaction of individual investors may be to equate higher taxes with sagging prices of dividend-paying stocks. We think this is a mistake. The stock market is composed of many different kinds of investors, many of whom are tax neutral, such as pension funds, where taxes are taken into account only after benefit payments are made. Likewise, income building in your IRA is not taxed until it is taken out, a period that could be some 40 years. So while taxes might make us angry, they are not, ceteris paribus , driving the market.
Dividend stocks have done well, and we expect they will continue to do well. There are several possible explanations for their recent run. It may be due to the fact that dividends have been the major source of return since the Great Bull Market ended 12 years ago.
Further, the near-zero interest rate policy of our central bank has driven down yields on Treasury securities to the point where a 2% dividend looks juicy. Lastly, the rise of dividend stocks may simply be attributable to the fact that regular cash payments are a sign of financial strength in a world where governments and markets are struggling.


text:
Zach's Alotta Southwestern Enchiladas
Recipe courtesy of Zachary Smith, Riverside, CA
- Sara's Secrets
Quote: "Not your mother's enchilada" This recipe was born during the always-popular Cinco de Mayo office celebration. While everyone was[ busy signing up for chips, dips and salsa, I wanted something different and uniquely authentic, as well as something that could serve as a meal. The result was a dish that not only was the first to go, but it served me personally as a springboard to creative cooking.]
- For the steak:
- 2 pounds tri-tip steak, cut into large chunks
- 1 cup water
- 1/4 cup anejo tequila
- 1 clove garlic, minced
- 1 serrano chile, diced
- Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
- For the enchiladas:
- 5 (7-ounce) cans tomatillo sauce
- 1 1/2 cups tomato sauce
- 1 pound pepper Jack cheese, grated
- 3 (15 1/2-ounce) cans black beans
- 1 (7-ounce) can diced chiles
- 2 dozen flour tortillas
- Equipment: 2 (9 by 13-inch) baking pans
One day ahead, make the steak: In a slow cooker, combine the steak, water, tequila, garlic, and 1 serrano chile. Season with salt and pepper, to taste, and cook, on low, until very tender, about 12 hours or overnight. Shred the steak.
Make the enchiladas:
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
Combine the tomatillo and tomato sauces in a saucepan over medium heat and cook, stirring, until hot. Stir in 1/4 cup of the cheese.
Heat the black beans in another saucepan.
Combine little of the sauce, a bit of the black beans, a smidgen of the cheese, small morsels of the steak, and hints of the diced canned chiles in each tortilla and roll, keeping the ends untucked. Arrange the rolls in the pans and pour the remaining sauce over the top. Sprinkle with the remaining cheese and remaining chiles.
Cover the pans with foil and bake for 15 minutes. Serve immediately.
Recipe courtesy of Zachary Smith, Riverside, CA


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About the Authors: Amber Forbes serves as a Public Affairs Assistant in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.
We know her best simply as Mayu. It is a sign of how actively involved Mayu Brizuela has become with a group of women entrepreneurs to make sure that they too can take full advantage of the economic and trade policies throughout the Western Hemisphere.
She is, after all, the first woman to serve as Minister of Foreign Affairs in El Salvador (1999-2004) and has has been a strong advocate for women's economic inclusion throughout her extraordinary career. She has held several senior positions in banking and industry. Consequentially, Mayu is no stranger to the unique pressures on women in professional spheres or the difficulties entailed in gaining equal access to resources and opportunities. In addition to being a Pathways Envoy, Mayu currently serves as the Regional Director of Corporate Social Responsibility in Latin America for HSBC.
As a State-Department sponsored Pathways Envoy, Mayu participated in our kickoff Women Entrepreneurs' Conference in October 2009 entitled "ACCESS." The State Department hosted this seminal event along with partners in the private sector and non-governmental organizations. The conference provided participants access to information regarding trade, finance, markets, and technology, and also presented an unprecedented international networking opportunity. Read more about the Pathways to Prosperity Women Entrepreneurs conference here.
Mayu's role as a Pathways Envoy is to continue engagement in the region and to promote women's economic inclusion. Mayu recently attended the Pathways Trade Ministerial in San Jose, Costa Rica, where she gave a keynote address to women entrepreneurs. She also met with the four participants from the October conference that were selected to attend the Ministerial and give workshops on their paths to success. I had the opportunity to speak with Mayu about her experience.
What does the Pathways Initiative mean to you?Mayu: I am honored to have attended the Ministerial meeting of the 14 member countries of the Pathways to Prosperity Initiative. Pathways is a vehicle for social inclusion and a way to ensure that women are at the heart of development. Women contribute to the development of their communities and their economic inclusion is an important step down the path to prosperity.
What topics did you cover during your keynote address?Mayu: My address highlighted the ways in which women can search for and take advantage of the opportunities given by free trade. I spoke about the Pathways webpage, which provides so much information regarding financial education, import-export info, and various ways that women around the Americas can connect with one another. I also underscored the opportunities that women should seize to grow their networks. If we expand our networks throughout Latin America and stand together, united as women entrepreneurs, we will all have increased opportunities to grow and prosper.
Tell me about the workshops that the four Pathways women hosted in San Jose.Mayu: Pathways women entrepreneurs led two workshops on "Challenges and Business Opportunities for Women in the Americas." They each shared their business strategies for success with the other women entrepreneurs present.
I moderated the workshop with Monica Pacheco, owner of PMP Exports, from Canada and Jacqueline Perez, owner of Calzado Reyes, from Nicaragua. Monica discussed how she expanded her business by working with distributors, landing several contracts and increasing sales. Jacqueline related her experience of going from business closure to re-focusing for a successful new start. My colleague, Marsha McLean, a Senior Consultant with the U.S.-State Department, moderated the other workshop with Jessica Rodriguez from Peru and Diana Martinez from Honduras. Diana discussed the power of marketing and media outreach to gain recognition and increased sales, whereas Jessica focused on the power of networking to hold market share in a difficult economy.
These four women were an inspiration. There was no mistaking the passion and energy that they have for their businesses and for sharing their lessons learned with other entrepreneurs. (Learn more about these four Pathways women and their success stories here.)
What is your next engagement as a Pathways Envoy?Mayu: I'm working with Marsha and other colleagues at the U.S. State Department now to develop travel plans for the next several months. One of our biggest priorities in the short term is supporting a large gathering of Central American women entrepreneurs in Guatemala this May. I certainly look forward to meeting these outstanding innovators.
See photos from Mayu's trip and stay tuned for more news on Mayu's travels!
Muqtada writes:
Hats Off to the women of 21st century who can do now the every possible thing that men are doing in these days at any cost no matter what is the situation or what is the position. Great post!!!
Patrick in Maryland writes:
Hi, Women Of The Pathways Initiative..:)
I think your initiative will help women of vision, find that their dreams are possible. And hopefully open doorways too,a brighter future for women and their families and friends.
See Ya...Amber...Nice posting...:)
Donald M. in Virginia writes:
It's like that old saying,
"Can't live with them or live without them" which truly means since the time on earth men have always relied on women. It doesn't matter what part of the world they may be from, what matters is they have the courage to make a contribution and do it very well. A salute to all the women!!!
Thank God for Women!!!


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Rumblings xtra: Items that didn't make print edition
The Columbus Dispatch - August 24, 2012 09:56 AM
Browns running back Trent Richardson should see action in the season opener next week, but his number of carries is likely to be limited. Team president Mike Holmgren told Sports Time Ohio that the team's first round draft pick "should be back on the field doing something next week" and there's a chance he will be play but that the team will be smart.
Meanwhile ESPN's Adam Schefter said that a team source indicated that he will play against the Philadelphia Eagles, but that the team would limit his workload.
Richardson hasn't practice since having his right knee scoped on Aug. 9., so the first game may be treated like a first exhibition game for him. Except for a fumble against Green Bay, backup running back Montario Hardesty has also played well during the preseason, which makes it easier for Cleveland to limit Richardson's carries.
Former Ohio State center Brian Bobek, who slid down the depth chart in the spring and eventually transferred to Minnesota, worked hard with the weights this summer and is reportedly up to 290 pounds now. At 270 pounds, OSU coach Urban Meyer didn't believe he was big enough, so Bobek seems to have taken his analysis to heart.
"I'd say I'm definitely doing more work with a strength coach than the NCAA would allow," Bobek told the Minneapolis Star-Tribune. "It's about all I do."
The strength coach is his father, Jeffrey, a former Iowa offensive lineman, and the workouts have been at his suburban Chicago home, not as part of a university program.
"He's got me doing work on the field for agility," Bobek said. "He's got me doing a lot of conditioning out there. He's got me lifting all the time. I'm stronger than I've ever been."
Bobek is eligible to play for the Gophers in 2013.
CBSSports.com's Jonn Heyman reported that Yankees right-fieder Nick Swisher, a former Ohio State star, may seek a "Jayson Werth contract" when he hits free agency at the end of the year. The Yankees are believed to have had no extension talks with Swisher to this point.
As Heyman pointed out, Swisher's career stats are surprisingly close to Werth's, his age (31) will be the same as when Werth got his deal and Swisher can play also play center-field, which Werth can't.
Swisher is currently playing under a $12 million option year that the Yankees picked up.
Michigan athletic director Dave Brandon told the Detroit Economic Club this week that he scheduled the 2014 game with Appalachian State because there was so much interest in the game.
"I'm kind of a marketing guy and I like setting up games that have a lot of interest," Brandon said, as reported by the Detroit Free Press. "I hear from people we shouldn't play them, they're too hard. We shouldn't play them, they're too soft. We shouldn't play them because that's a bad memory. We should play them because we have to pay them back. Everybody's got an opinion about that game. That's why I like that game. . . The networks were fighting over who gets to televise that game."


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- News tagged "s890"
Wednesday, 9 Jan 2013
Lenovo Launches Five Smartphones at CES 2013
Lenovo today announced five smartphones which are designed for different market segments. The phones will be available in China and select global markets from January 2013.
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One of the reasons dogs are so beloved by humans is because they have varied personalities and behaviors. Some are goofy, others are playful. Some are lazy and others have boundless energy. Like humans, dogs' personalities change over time, especially as they get to know their owner and his or her lifestyle. Some owners may be wondering if they can make their canine more intelligent - and the answer is most often yes. However, it will take effort on your part, as a pet owner, to help your dog's mind expand. Here are some tips.
Dogs thrive on stimulation of all sorts. That's why they get so excited when you get the leash out - the outside world is full of stimulation. There are many ways to help your dog feel involved in their day-to-day routine. One of the easiest ways to do so is by talking to your dog. He may not respond, but you can bet he'll be interested in hearing your voice, and very curious as to what you're doing.
Puppy training is another excellent way to stimulate your dog. Using positive reinforcement to teach him new tricks will help him expand his mind and ways of thinking. Other ways to keep him busy include playing games like Frisbee and fetch, or taking him to a dog park to interact with other canines.
If you feel your dog may have a learning disability or other issues that could be impeding his thinking abilities, take him to one of the nearby vet hospitals for an expert's opinion.


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You've been directed to this page from the original Emperor Aquatics website
We would like to welcome Emperor Aquatics to the Pentair Family
Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems announced the acquisition of Emperor Aquatics on February 13, 2014
"This acquisition provides entry into the growing UV market and is the perfect complement to our existing commercial sanitization products."
- Karl Frykman, President of Pentair's Aquatic Systems.
Read the Full Press Release >>
Emperor Aquatics, Inc. is a global provider of Water Quality Solutions. With the unique needs of our clients in mind, we supply operator-friendly, cost-efficient water filtering equipment to a wide variety of industries and back it up with caring customer service. We have the solution for your application and budget.
Helpful Information


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Toast of the Nation New York - The Eats
December 31, 2007. Posted by Joshua Jackson.Add new comment | Filed under: antonio carlos, atlantic salmon, bacon, blue smoke, collard greens, countdown, driggs, kenny barron, macaroni and cheese, michael bourne, potatoes and onions, rehearsal, rio de janeiro, salmon, singers, soundcheck, spinach, sweet potato fries, Toast of the Nation 2007/2008, trio da paz, york crew
We had a productive soundcheck and rehearsal with Trio da Paz, Kenny Barron, and singers Pamela Driggs and Maucha Adnet.
We spent more than an hour making sure that what the nation hears in New York will most assuredly sound like Rio de Janeiro. Michael Bourne was in fine form, and he has a story from Antonio Carlos Jobim to lead us into the countdown. We've practiced everything. Next time, it's for real.
After rehearsal, we ran upstairs to Blue Smoke for eats. Here's what it took to feed the New York crew.
Macaroni and Cheese x 2, Braised Collard Greens With Bacon, Sweet Potato Fries with Maple Dip, Mashed Potatoes and Onions, Creamed Spinach
Seared Atlantic Salmon with Tomatillo Sauce, Scallion-Pepper Rice & Pico de Gallo
Rhapsody In 'Cue (x 3) = St. Louis Spareribs, Pulled Pork, Smoked Chicken and Hot Link
Kansas City Spareribs (saucy) - one full rack
Memphis-Style Baby Back Ribs (leanest) - two full racks
Eight large, moist towlettes and many toothpicks. Hey, it's barbeque!
We're currently recording the first set from Jazz Standard.
Saucily yours,


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Center in the works for at-risk students
ESCANABA – The Escanaba School Board has approved creating an Escanaba Virtual Career Center to replace the American Academy program for at-risk high school students. The action was taken during a special school board meeting Tuesday.
The new virtual career center will allow students who benefit from a non-traditional high school education to earn credit following the Michigan Merit Curriculum; students will be able to learn subjects at their own pace and build their capacity to be career-ready.
The program will be a blended learning opportunity combining online classes for students with direct instruction from certified teachers and internships at area businesses.
"We chose to explore a different option because we were looking for something that we thought would meet the needs of our kids so much better and I'm pleased to say that I think we've really found something that's pretty special," said Escanaba Superintendent Michele Lemire.
The new program involves a three-year partnership between Escanaba Area Public Schools and downstate Berrien Springs Public Schools, and comes at no cost to EAPS. Berrien Springs Public Schools' Virtual Academy will provide all start-up costs, including an upgrade to the Wells School to serve as a drop in center for students using the program, and all the infrastructure and equipment needed to run the program.
Lemire noted the Escanaba Virtual Career Center is designed to provide flexible schedules and shared time opportunities for students to take electives at the high school and Delta-Schoolcraft Career Center, which would allow for Escanaba to retain some pro-rated state funding. Home schooled students are also welcome to enroll.
The center will employ a full-time director, full-time teacher and part-time teacher, hired locally.
At the end of the three-year agreement, Escanaba can choose to continue the partnership or run it independently of Berrien Springs.
"This would be a good program," said Board President Jim Hermans. "No cost to our district, personnel's going to come right out of the area here for the jobs that are going to be opening up…It's a win-win for the Escanaba schools."
The board unanimously approved implementing the Escanaba Virtual Career Center.


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $0.01 (0% off)
Nice but not good
Posted by 4748907441279845069 on May 13, 2013
I'm very disappointed on elf products lately. This eyeshadows in particular are very hard to use as they're the chalkiest I've ever tried. I have a hard time getting rid of all the eyeshadows that goes everywhere! The pigmentation is good on my fingers but not so good on my eyelids. Ill continue using it to check if there's a color I particularly think is good. I recommend invest on some better quality eyeshadows.
Posted by 5029132820135895565 on Apr 28, 2013
I have a problem - eye shades don't stay long enough on my eyelids. But I kept looking. Finally I found them! They are fantastic!!! These eye shades are easy to apply and they stay long enough. It's the first time ever I didn't need to renew my eyelids before going outside.
Great Range of Warm Shades
Posted by lillysbeautyspot on Aug 03, 2013
I was pleasantly surprised by this palette; there are a great range of colours that are pigmented enough to creat any eye look. I love the neutral shades in this palette for more of a wearable every day look and for the price you pay it's well worth it =) I would highly recommend!
Great value product
Posted by joyslin on Oct 13, 2013
I'm very pleased with this product, from its packaging, range of colours, staying power, to pigmentation. The packaging is not skimped on despite its price. It's compact and easy to handle as all the shadows are contained in a "book" layout which shuts well with a magnetic closing. So easy to bring around, you can easily keep it in your makeup pouch. The range of colours is perfect for everyday wear as it consists of many neutral shades and a few more fanciful ones for you to mix and match with. Staying power was good when I used e.l.f. primer under the shadows. Not too sure about the staying power without a primer underneath, but I would simply recommend to use this along with a primer. As for pigmentation itself, I have only tried a few shadows so far, but I have to say that they are enough pigmented for the price paid. Overall, it is a great value product.
Moyen ♥♥♥
Posted by organza on Oct 17, 2013
La palette est sympa mais la pigmentation est vraiment moyenne. Je ne rachèterai pas.
Contain paraben
Posted by 4660570930924223874 on Oct 06, 2014
I didn't pay attention about paraben at the first time, but it contains both methyparaben and propylparaben . We pay much higher price for anti aging, no reason to accelerate skin aging;(
Love the hues
Posted by shirstan on Sep 18, 2015
And it's very compact.
love it
Posted by 5005350192845976615 on Apr 15, 2014
super eyeshadows !very pigmented , good quality
love it
Posted by 4876915503614881681 on Aug 19, 2014
i love this eyeshadow palette..so many colours ...some are more pigmented then others but they blend nicely and have minimal fall out
trop, trop bien
Posted by 5218120363144388259 on Oct 12, 2013
je l'utilise tous les jours depuis que je l'ai reçu et sans base ! les fars sont pigmentés, et tiennent bien sur la paupière. Je recommande cette palette pour tout le monde, ou moins les personnes aux yeux marrons et aux teints clairs


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The number of Facebook users in Nigeria has just passed 4 million. This is incredible because the number is growing so fast. The past month the number of users increased with 189, 900 and during the past 6 months the Nigerian Facebook user number grew with almost 1 million.
Techloy, a technology news media site with incisive coverage of West African tech markets, writes in Read more


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A British police officer was put to shame when he was caught on a store surveillance camera stealing video games by stuffing them behind his security vest.
The video depicts officer Peter Cokell browsing amongst the shelves of HMV, a popular video game retailer, and taking a few Ps3 games and stuffing them behind his police issued stab vest.
When asked of the crimes officer Cokell denied all charges stating "I tried my best to be inconspicuous to the general members of the pubic so that they would not form the wrong impression of what I may or may not have been trying to do with my trousers," the judge, however, was not sold.
With clear video footage of officer Cokell taking the video games and leaving the store with them in tow, the judge found him guilty of the crime. Sentencing has not been issued yet but officer Cokell resigned from the Avon and Somerset police force in June when the official investigation into the theft began.
(Via The Tech Herald)Read More →


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55th Street bridge construction resumes soon
Minot, Ward County and state officials are working with contractors to resume work in mid-May on the 55th Street Northeast Bridge project, completing one of the area's largest road projects this summer.
The bridge will carry traffic over the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad mainline track, existing yard tracks and additional proposed yard tracks. In 2013, construction crews expect to finish detail work on the bridge, pave access roads to the east and west of the bridge, finish the retaining wall and complete the north and south portions of the new 55th Street to connect with existing roadways.
"With spring weather finally here, we are getting a start in the next week on the last few months of work with the bridge portion of this project," said Jeff McElwain, project engineer with Ackerman-Estvold. "With the completion of the Northeast Bypass last fall and the expected summer time completion of the 55th Street Bridge, this will provide some much needed relief to traffic concerns on the northeast side of town, as well as allow for additional growth to continue taking place in our region."
Due to finishing work on the bridge and adjoining roads, 55th Street will be closed to through traffic starting the week of May 20 and continuing until July. Signs will detour traffic around the project using 27th Street. The driving public is encouraged to exercise extra caution throughout the construction zone to ensure their safety and the safety of the crews.
The City of Minot, Ward County and the North Dakota Department of Transportation are all partners in the 55th Street Northeast Bridge and Bypass project. Ames Construction of Burnsville, Minn., is the project's prime contractor and Ackerman-Estvold Engineering is project engineer for the bridge and bypass project.
Weekly public information meetings will be held starting the week of May 20th. The public also is encouraged to visit (www.minotroads.com), email firstname.lastname@example.com or contact public information coordinator Brekka Kramer at 720-5798 for more information.


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|Gosen Polylon 17 String Scores
|String Movement
|Playability Duration
Gosen Polylon is a good old-fashioned polyester string. Unlike the emerging crop of high tech co-polys, it isn't loaded with extravagant chemical additives. Nor does it have a cadre of professional players who swear by it. What it does have, according to our playtesters, is remarkable control, especially at the highest swing speeds. It also has tremendous spin potential. This is partly because Polylon's response is so predictable and low powered that it enables big hitters to attack the ball at extreme upward angles. As for comfort, this string surprised our team by offering a feel commonly found in more elastic (and more expensive) co-polys. Of course this doesn't mean that Polylon is for everybody. It's a firm string designed for advanced players. Ultimately, though, once you factor in the price, which is less than a couple of vibration dampeners, Gosen Polylon is one of the all time best options for big hitters on a budget.
One of the primary upsides of Gosen Polylon is its low power. This gives aggressive players like Siobhan the confidence to reach her top swing speed. She said, "I was able to swing really fast and generate a lot of racquet speed to get a decent amount of power out of this string. To me, the fact that it plays like a typical polyester is its greatest strength. I could take some really big swings at the ball and it stayed within the lines, which I really liked. The ball didn't fly, so the power/control combination was really great for me."
Chris tested two colors of Polylon and echoed Siobhan's praise of the low power. He said, "I had this string strung up at my regular tension and found it to be lower in power. It has that old school, deader feel of a traditional poly string. What I liked the most was that it allowed me to supply the power and take huge cuts at the ball without fear of hitting long. The Yellow version offered a tad more pop compared to the Black version of Polylon that I hit. Those were the only two colors I tested and the differences were slight, but the Yellow was both crisper in feel and a tad more responsive."
The crisp and dead response of Gosen Polylon enables players to whip very powerfully through contact to create some serious ball rotation. Of course, our resident poly expert knows this all too well. Chris said, "I found spin very easy to generate with this string. While it doesn't seem to add any extra kick like a slicker, more modern co-poly, it makes up for it by being dead enough that insane racquet head speed can be applied for maximum spin. I was able to swing fast with this string even when in the short court, and that allowed me to get some nice spin and angle on the ball while maintaining pace. I liked the grip I was getting from the stringbed, I found lots of spin and was able to swing with confidence."
When it came to spin, Siobhan's big strokes were right at home with Polylon. She said, "Like I said about the power, if your swing speed is fast and you're taking big cuts at the ball, the spin is generous. I really liked how I was able to hit the ball as fast as I wanted and still have it drop in. I felt like I got a lot of my control from the spin."
Unlike the newer generation of co-polyester strings, traditional polys aren't made with additives to improve comfort. For this reason Siobhan was caught off guard by the comfort of Gosen Polylon. She said, "It was surprisingly comfortable for a less expensive polyester. I would assume that comfort is the first to go when the price drops, but this string was not too harsh on my arm."
Chris was also pleasantly surprised by the feel. He said, "This is the one category that surprised me. This is a traditional poly and should not feel comfortable, but both colors felt good. The Black version felt slightly softer and deader, so it pocketed the ball better and gave the sense of being slightly more comfortable. The Yellow version felt crisper, but neither color ever felt brassy. While I would not recommend any poly to someone with a history of arm issues, I thought Polylon felt adequately comfortable, even when compared with modern co-polys."
With its low power and extremely predictable response, Gosen Polylon gave our team exceptional control. Chris was in heaven. He said, "I loved the control from this string. I was able to take a good crack at the ball and keep my shots on target. This string really favors a player who likes to keep his/her foot on the gas, as well as those who like to flirt with the lines. I felt totally dialed in with this string and would be more than happy to play tournaments with it in my racquet. The controlled response made hitting short angles, drop shots and touch volleys a snap. I also liked the level of control on harder hit spin shots. I felt I could control the blend of pace/spin very well with this string."
Agreeing with Chris, Siobhan was impressed by the control. She said, "Control was great. Coupled with a fast swing speed and spin, the control is enjoyable. I felt my placement was pretty good, and regardless of whether I slowed the ball down or took a big, fast swing, I was able to hit my spots."
Polyester tends to lose tension faster than other string materials, so we had some concerns at the outset that Polylon would die quickly. Those concerns were put to rest for Siobhan, who said, "Over time I felt I lost a bit of the crispness, but in general I felt that the playability was good. There was no sharp drop-off after the stringing, and the durability was good through out the playtest."
Chris also appreciated how well Polylon maintained its firm, controlled response. He said, "I managed to get a full two weeks of hitting out of Polylon. Does it hold tension as well as some of the modern co-polys? No. But this string still impressed me, as its durability did not drop off. It felt firm and low powered when strung up fresh and still feels firm and low powered as I write this. Something tells me I could pick up my racquet a year from now, and guess what? I bet this string would feel firm and low powered!"
Chris - "If you are seeking a very control-oriented string, want something pretty durable and are on a budget, Polylon makes a great choice. I don't think you necessarily have to be a big hitter, just someone who likes to supply the power and let the stringbed provide the control."
Siobhan - "If you have big strokes and you're looking for maximum control without breaking the bank, start here."
Chris - "I loved the control and spin. I'm also a fan of the crisp response. I haven't tried all of the colors yet, but only have the Natural left (I hit the Ice color when it came out several years ago). At only $2.95, I also love the price."
Siobhan - "I was impressed with the great polyester qualities and the reasonable comfort from a cheaper string. I would definitely play with this again."
Chris - "None. I'd go with this string over several livelier, softer co-polys because they don't offer the control of Polylon."
Siobhan - "Really nothing to complain about, unless you are looking for something soft and powerful."
Siobhan - "As an interesting note for comparison within the range: I played with both the Yellow and the Black colored strings and I did find the Yellow colored version to feel slightly livelier, which I preferred. The Black version had a little deader feel and was not quite as crisp. I felt a little more in touch, even though I kept the great polyester qualities."
Chris - "Both colors played with a similar crispness and very controlled response, but they were slightly different. The Yellow Polylon reminded me of Super Smash and Wilson Enduro Gold. The Black version reminded me of Isospeed Baseline Spin and Tecnifibre Poly Code. Again, all of those strings offer a very similar response, but Baseline Spin, Poly Code and Polylon Black pocket the ball slightly more."
(Scores are determined by averaging individual play test scores)
|Chris' Scores
|Playability Duration
|String Movemen
|Siobhan's Scores
|Playability Duration
|String Movemen
Playtest Racquet: Slazenger Pro Braided
Playtest Tension: 55 lbs.
Typical String: Volkl Cyclone 16
Playtest Racquet: Babolat AeroPro Drive GT
Playtest Tension: 52 lbs.
Typical String: Polyester
Review date: January 2013. If you found this review interesting or have further questions or comments please contact us.
All content copyright 2013 Tennis Warehouse.


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We ended this week's TV-themed show "Monsters We Love" with an invitation to tell us about the series we didn't include in the production — shows that matter to you that are telling a bigger story about who we are, what we fear, and who we aspire to be. Some of you responded with surprising, off-the radar recommendations.
Take the gothic soap opera Dark Shadows, which aired on ABC from 1966 to 1971. I'd never heard of it. Artist Patrick Lynch, who wrote to us from Paris, Kentucky, would run home after school to watch it. Patrick calls it the ancestral precursor to the modern-day vampire shows we're seeing on TV right now:
"[Dark Shadows] tackled all of the same issues of morality, conscience, humanity, redemption, love, obsession, etc., foremost through the character of Barnabas Collins who was made a vampire against his will. This fully realised character was made possible by not only the scriptwriting of the time but actor Jonathan Frid's deep understanding of the character through the seeking of the humanity underneath what superficially seemed like a monster."
For Patrick, the gore and "fanging" weren't the show's leading draws. Rather it was vampire Barnabas Collins' enduringly relatable quest to find home, love, and belonging.
The public will get to discover Dark Shadows anew when director Tim Burton releases his film adaptation starring Johnny Depp as Barnabas Collins this spring.
About the image: A portrait of Barnabas Collins holding the music box of his long lost love Josette. (Painting by Patrick Lynch)