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Mushroom Poisoning
Mushroom poisoning is caused by the consumption of raw or cooked fruiting bodies (mushrooms, toadstools) of a number of species of higher fungi. The term toadstool (from the German Todesstuhl, death's stool) is commonly given to poisonous mushrooms, but for individuals who are not experts in mushroom identification there are generally no easily recognizable differences between poisonous and nonpoisonous species. Old wives' tales notwithstanding, there is no general rule of thumb for distinguishing edible mushrooms and poisonous toadstools. The toxins involved in mushroom poisoning are produced naturally by the fungi themselves, and each individual specimen of a toxic species should be considered equally poisonous. Most mushrooms that cause human poisoning cannot be made nontoxic by cooking, canning, freezing, or any other means of processing. Thus, the only way to avoid poisoning is to avoid consumption of the toxic species. Poisonings in the United States occur most commonly when hunters of wild mushrooms (especially novices) misidentify and consume a toxic species, when recent immigrants collect and consume a poisonous American species that closely resembles an edible wild mushroom from their native land, or when mushrooms that contain psychoactive compounds are intentionally consumed by persons who desire these effects.
Nature of Disease
Mushroom poisonings are generally acute and are manifested by a variety of symptoms and prognoses, depending on the amount and species consumed. Because the chemistry of many of the mushroom toxins (especially the less deadly ones) is still unknown and positive identification of the mushrooms is often difficult or impossible, mushroom poisonings are generally categorized by their physiological effects. There are four categories of mushroom toxins: protoplasmic poisons (poisons that result in generalized destruction of cells, followed by organ failure); neurotoxins (compounds that cause neurological symptoms such as profuse sweating, coma, convulsions, hallucinations, excitement, depression, spastic colon); gastrointestinal irritants (compounds that produce rapid, transient nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea); and disulfiram-like toxins. Mushrooms in this last category are generally nontoxic and produce no symptoms unless alcohol is consumed within 72 hours after eating them, in which case a short-lived acute toxic syndrome is produced.
Diagnosis of Human Illness
A clinical testing procedure is currently available only for the most serious types of mushroom toxins, the amanitins. The commercially available method uses a 3H-radioimmunoassay (RIA) test kit and can detect sub-nanogram levels of toxin in urine and plasma. Unfortunately, it requires a 2-hour incubation period, and this is an excruciating delay in a type of poisoning which the clinician generally does not see until a day or two has passed. A 125I-based kit which overcomes this problem has recently been reported, but has not yet reached the clinic. A sensitive and rapid HPLC technique has been reported in the literature even more recently, but it has not yet seen clinical application. Since most clinical laboratories in this country do not use even the older RIA technique, diagnosis is based entirely on symptomology and recent dietary history. Despite the fact that cases of mushroom poisoning may be broken down into a relatively small number of categories based on symptomatology, positive botanical identification of the mushroom species consumed remains the only means of unequivocally determining the particular type of intoxication involved, and it is still vitally important to obtain such accurate identification as quickly as possible. Cases involving ingestion of more than one toxic species in which one set of symptoms masks or mimics another set are among many reasons for needing this information. Unfortunately, a number of factors (not discussed here) often make identification of the causative mushroom impossible. In such cases, diagnosis must be based on symptoms alone. In order to rule out other types of food poisoning and to conclude that the mushrooms eaten were the cause of the poisoning, it must be established that everyone who ate the suspect mushrooms became ill and that no one who did not eat the mushrooms became ill. Wild mushrooms eaten raw, cooked, or processed should always be regarded as prime suspects. After ruling out other sources of food poisoning and positively implicating mushrooms as the cause of the illness, diagnosis may proceed in two steps. The first step, outlined in Table 1, provides an early indication of the seriousness of the disease and its prognosis.
As described above, the protoplasmic poisons are the most likely to be fatal or to cause irreversible organ damage. In the case of poisoning by the deadly Amanitas, important laboratory indicators of liver (elevated LDH, SGOT, and bilirubin levels) and kidney (elevated uric acid, creatinine, and BUN levels) damage will be present. Unfortunately, in the absence of dietary history, these signs could be mistaken for symptoms of liver or kidney impairment as the result of other causes (e.g., viral hepatitis). It is important that this distinction be made as quickly as possible, because the delayed onset of symptoms will generally mean that the organ has already been damaged. The importance of rapid diagnosis is obvious: victims who are hospitalized and given aggressive support therapy almost immediately after ingestion have a mortality rate of only 10%, whereas those admitted 60 or more hours after ingestion have a 50-90% mortality rate. Table 2 provides more accurate diagnoses and appropriate therapeutic measures. A recent report indicates that amanitins are observable in urine well before the onset of any symptoms, but that laboratory tests for liver dysfunction do not appear until well after the organ has been damaged.
Associated Foods
Mushroom poisonings are almost always caused by ingestion of wild mushrooms that have been collected by nonspecialists (although specialists have also been poisoned). Most cases occur when toxic species are confused with edible species, and a useful question to ask of the victims or their mushroom-picking benefactors is the identity of the mushroom they thought they were picking. In the absence of a well- preserved specimen, the answer to this question could narrow the possible suspects considerably. Intoxication has also occurred when reliance was placed on some folk method of distinguishing poisonous and safe species. Outbreaks have occurred after ingestion of fresh, raw mushrooms, stir-fried mushrooms, home-canned mushrooms, mushrooms cooked in tomato sauce (which rendered the sauce itself toxic, even when no mushrooms were consumed), and mushrooms that were blanched and frozen at home. Cases of poisoning by home-canned and frozen mushrooms are especially insidious because a single outbreak may easily become a multiple outbreak when the preserved toadstools are carried to another location and consumed at another time.
Specific cases of mistaken mushroom identity appears frequently. The Early False Morel Gyromitra esculenta is easily confused with the true Morel Morchella esculenta, and poisonings have occurred after consumption of fresh or cooked Gyromitra. Gyromitra poisonings have also occurred after ingestion of commercially available "morels" contaminated with G. esculenta. The commercial sources for these fungi (which have not yet been successfully cultivated on a large scale) are field collection of wild morels by semiprofessionals. Cultivated commercial mushrooms of whatever species are almost never implicated in poisoning outbreaks unless there are associated problems such as improper canning (which lead to bacterial food poisoning). A short list of the mushrooms responsible for serious poisonings and the edible mushrooms with which they are confused is presented in Table 3. Producers of mild gastroenteritis are too numerous to list here, but include members of many of the most abundant genera, including Agaricus, Boletus, Lactarius, Russula, Tricholoma, Coprinus, Pluteus, and others. The Inky Cap Mushroom (Coprinus atrimentarius) is considered both edible and delicious, and only the unwary who consume alcohol after eating this mushroom need be concerned. Some other members of the genus Coprinus (Shaggy Mane, C. comatus; Glistening Inky Cap, C. micaceus, and others) and some of the larger members of the Lepiota family such as the Parasol Mushroom (Leucocoprinus procera) do not contain coprine and do not cause this effect. The potentially deadly Sorrel Webcap Mushroom (Cortinarius orellanus) is not easily distinguished from nonpoisonous webcaps belonging to the same distinctive genus, and all should be avoided.
Most of the psychotropic mushrooms (Inocybe spp., Conocybe spp., Paneolus spp., Pluteus spp.) are in general appearance small, brown, and leathery (the so-called "Little Brown Mushrooms" or LBMs) and relatively unattractive from a culinary standpoint. The Sweat Mushroom (Clitocybe dealbata) and the Smoothcap Mushroom (Psilocybe cubensis) are small, white, and leathery. These small, unattractive mushrooms are distinctive, fairly unappetizing, and not easily confused with the fleshier fungi normally considered edible. Intoxications associated with them are less likely to be accidental, although both C. dealbata and Paneolus foenisicii have been found growing in the same fairy ring area as the edible (and choice) Fairy Ring Mushroom (Marasmius oreades) and the Honey Mushroom (Armillariella mellea), and have been consumed when the picker has not carefully examined every mushroom picked from the ring. Psychotropic mushrooms, which are larger and therefore more easily confused with edible mushrooms, include the Showy Flamecap or Big Laughing Mushroom (Gymnopilus spectabilis), which has been mistaken for Chanterelles (Cantharellus spp.) and for Gymnopilus ventricosus found growing on wood of conifers in western North America. The Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria) and Panthercap (Amanita pantherina) mushrooms are large, fleshy, and colorful. Yellowish cap colors on some varieties of the Fly Agaric and the Panthercap are similar to the edible Caesar's Mushroom (Amanita caesarea), which is considered a delicacy in Italy. Another edible yellow capped mushroom occasionally confused with yellow A. muscaria and A. pantherina varieties are the Yellow Blusher (Amanita flavorubens). Orange to yellow-orange A. muscaria and A. pantherina may also be confused with the Blusher (Amanita rubescens) and the Honey Mushroom (Armillariella mellea). White to pale forms of A. muscaria may be confused with edible field mushrooms (Agaricus spp.). Young (button stage) specimens of A. muscaria have also been confused with puffballs.
Relative Frequency of Disease
Accurate figures on the relative frequency of mushroom poisonings are difficult to obtain. For the 5-year period between 1976 and 1981, 16 outbreaks involving 44 cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta (Rattanvilay et al. MMWR 31(21): 287-288, 1982). The number of unreported cases is, of course, unknown. Cases are sporadic and large outbreaks are rare. Poisonings tend to be grouped in the spring and fall when most mushroom species are at the height of their fruiting stage. While the actual incidence appears to be very low, the potential exists for grave problems. Poisonous mushrooms are not limited in distribution as are other poisonous organisms (such as dinoflagellates). Intoxications may occur at any time and place, with dangerous species occurring in habitats ranging from urban lawns to deep woods. As Americans become more adventurous in their mushroom collection and consumption, poisonings are likely to increase.
Course of Disease and Complications
The normal course of the disease varies with the dose and the mushroom species eaten. Each poisonous species contains one or more toxic compounds which are unique to few other species. Therefore, cases of mushroom poisonings generally do not resembles each other unless they are caused by the same or very closely related mushroom species. Almost all mushroom poisonings may be grouped in one of the categories outlined above.
Several mushroom species, including the Death Cap or Destroying Angel (Amanita phalloides, A. virosa), the Fool's Mushroom (A. verna) and several of their relatives, along with the Autumn Skullcap (Galerina autumnalis) and some of its relatives, produce a family of cyclic octapeptides called amanitins. Poisoning by the amanitins is characterized by a long latent period (range 6-48 hours, average 6-15 hours) during which the patient shows no symptoms. Symptoms appear at the end of the latent period in the form of sudden, severe seizures of abdominal pain, persistent vomiting and watery diarrhea, extreme thirst, and lack of urine production. If this early phase is survived, the patient may appear to recover for a short time, but this period will generally be followed by a rapid and severe loss of strength, prostration, and pain-caused restlessness. Death in 50-90% of the cases from progressive and irreversible liver, kidney, cardiac, and skeletal muscle damage may follow within 48 hours (large dose), but the disease more typically lasts 6 to 8 days in adults and 4 to 6 days in children. Two or three days after the onset of the later phase, jaundice, cyanosis, and coldness of the skin occur. Death usually follows a period of coma and occasionally convulsions. If recovery occurs, it generally requires at least a month and is accompanied by enlargement of the liver. Autopsy will usually reveal fatty degeneration and necrosis of the liver and kidney.
Target Populations
All humans are susceptible to mushroom toxins. The poisonous species are ubiquitous, and geographical restrictions on types of poisoning that may occur in one location do not exist (except for some of the hallucinogenic LBMs, which occur primarily in the American southwest and southeast). Individual specimens of poisonous mushrooms are also characterized by individual variations in toxin content based on genetics, geographic location, and growing conditions. Intoxications may thus be more or less serious, depending not on the number of mushrooms consumed, but on the dose of toxin delivered. In addition, although most cases of poisoning by higher plants occur in children, toxic mushrooms are consumed most often by adults. Occasional accidental mushroom poisonings of children and pets have been reported, but adults are more likely to actively search for and consume wild mushrooms for culinary purposes. Children are more seriously affected by the normally nonlethal toxins than are adults and are more likely to suffer very serious consequences from ingestion of relatively smaller doses. Adults who consume mushrooms are also more likely to recall what was eaten and when, and are able to describe their symptoms more accurately than are children. Very old, very young, and debilitated persons of both sexes are more likely to become seriously ill from all types of mushroom poisoning, even those types which are generally considered to be mild.
Many idiosyncratic adverse reactions to mushrooms have been reported. Some mushrooms cause certain people to become violently ill, while not affecting others who consumed part of the same mushroom cap. Factors such as age, sex, and general health of the consumer do not seem to be reliable predictors of these reactions, and they have been attributed to allergic or hypersensitivity reactions and to inherited inability of the unfortunate victim to metabolize certain unusual fungal constituents (such as the uncommon sugar, trehalose). These reactions are probably not true poisonings as the general population does not seem to be affected.
Food Analysis
The mushroom toxins can with difficulty be recovered from poisonous fungi, cooking water, stomach contents, serum, and urine. Procedures for extraction and quantitation are generally elaborate and time-consuming, and the patient will in most cases have recovered by the time an analysis is made on the basis of toxin chemistry. The exact chemical natures of most of the toxins that produce milder symptoms are unknown. Chromatographic techniques (TLC, GLC, HPLC) exist for the amanitins, orellanine, muscimol/ibotenic acid, psilocybin, muscarine, and the gyromitrins. The amanitins may also be determined by commercially available 3H-RIA kits. The most reliable means of diagnosing a mushroom poisoning remains botanical identification of the fungus that was eaten. An accurate pre-ingestion determination of species will also prevent accidental poisoning in 100% of cases. Accurate post-ingestion analyses for specific toxins when no botanical identification is possible may be essential only in cases of suspected poisoning by the deadly Amanitas, since prompt and aggressive therapy (including lavage, activated charcoal, and plasmapheresis) can greatly reduce the mortality rate.
Selected Outbreaks
Isolated cases of mushroom poisoning have occurred throughout the continental United States.
The popular interest in gathering and eating uncultivated mushrooms has been associated with an increase in incidents of serious mushroom-related poisonings. From December 28, 1996, through January 6, 1997, nine persons in northern California required hospitalization after eating Amanita phalloides (i.e., "death cap") mushrooms; two of these persons died. Risks associated with eating these mushrooms result from a potent hepatotoxin. This report describes four cases of A. phalloides poisoning in patients admitted to a regional referral hospital in northern California during January 1997 and underscores that wild mushrooms should not be eaten unless identified as nonpoisonous by a mushroom expert.
Another one occurred in Oregon in October,1988, and involved the intoxication of five people who consumed stir-fried Amanita phalloides. The poisonings were severe, and at this writing three of the five people had undergone liver transplants for treatment of amanitin-induced liver failure.
Other cases have included the July, 1986, poisoning of a family in Philadelphia, by Chlorophyllum molybdites; the September, 1987, intoxication of seven men in Bucks County, PA, by spaghetti sauce which contained Jack O'Lantern mushroom (Omphalotus illudens); and of 14 teenage campers in Maryland by the same species (July, 1987). A report of a North Carolina outbreak of poisoning by False Morel (Gyromitra spp.) appeared in 1986. A 1985 report details a case of Chlorophyllum molybdites which occurred in Arkansas; a fatal poisoning case caused by an amanitin containing Lepiota was described in 1986.
In 1981, two Berks County, PA, people were poisoned (one fatally) after ingesting Amanita phalloides, while in the same year, seven Laotian refugees living in California were poisoned by Russula spp.
In separate 1981 incidents, several people from New York State were poisoned by Omphalotus illudens, Amanita muscaria, Entoloma lividum, and Amanita virosa.
An outbreak of gastroenterititis during a banquet for 482 people in Vancouver, British Columbia, was reported by the Vancouver Health Department in June, 1991. Seventy-seven of the guests reported symptoms consisting of early onset nausea (15-30 min), diarrhea (20 min-13 h), vomiting (20-60 min), cramps and bloated feeling. Other symptoms included feeling warm, clamminess, numbness of the tongue and extreme thirst along with two cases of hive-like rash with onset of 3-7 days. Bacteriological tests were negative. This intoxication merits special attention because it involved consumption of species normally considered not only edible but choice. The fungi involved were the morels Morchella esculenta and M. elata (M. angusticeps), which were prepared in a marinade and consumed raw. The symptoms were severe but not life threatening. Scattered reports of intoxications by these species and M. conica have appeared in anecodotal reports for many years.
Numerous other cases exist; however, the cases that appear in the literature tend to be the serious poisonings such as those causing more severe gastrointestinal symptoms, psychotropic reactions, and severe organ damage (deadly Amanita). Mild intoxications are probably grossly underreported, because of the lack of severity of symptoms and the unlikeliness of a hospital admission.
Latest updates
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Entoloma lividum".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Singer 1946".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Chlorophyllum molybdites (G. Mey.) Massee 1898".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A. H. Sm. & Singer 1964".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Amanita virosa (Fr.) Bertill. 1866".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Amanita verna".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Amanita pantherina Gonn. & Rabenh.".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Gymnopilus spectabilis".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer 1948".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Clitocybe dealbata (Sowerby) Gillet 1874".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Cortinarius orellanus Fr. 1838".
Katja Schulz added an association between "Mushroom Poisoning" and "Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr. 1849".


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It's the last month of the year, and that means the last round of birthdays for 2012 as well. I have many friends who celebrate their birthdays in December (including our very own Amanda) and I've always admired their birthstone, blue topaz, because it's feminine and looks good on everyone. The light blue stone shines in the sun but stands brilliantly on its own as well. A blue handbag always comes in handy, and unlike the deep blue from September, this color is sky blue or Caribbean Ocean blue, which takes me away right when I lay eyes on it.
Happy Birthday December babies, we hope you had a great year and enjoy your birthday month. For your birthday gift guide, we rounded up nine of the best blue topaz handbags to help you celebrate.

subset: commoncrawl


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OSU has 14 players expending their last year of eligibility this year (2013), and they are in their last year of reduced scholarship numbers in 2014 (82). Most of the recruitniks are forecasting an OSU class of 21ish (20-22), so how do we get there and who is their room for?
Right now OSU has 13 commits for 2014, so officially they only have room for one more in 2014 and Jones is likely to take that spot on 6/27. So how does OSU make 6 spots of out 0 without becoming an SEC team where 25+32+29+30+28=85?
Well, Roby and Shazier should be foregoing that last year of eligibility. That gets us to 16.
Donovan Munger has failed to qualify for OSU to date (one last SAT/ACT score pending). Now we are at 17.
So Meyer needs 3 players to quit or attrite themselves between now and next February.
Complicating issues, OSU is seriously in on some very good prospects, but they really don't have much room. Counting Jones in the class, OSU is still likely to take 2 more OL. Which ones? They are in great shape with Eluemonor (nation's top JUCO OL), Mavety (Nation's #2 JUCO OL), who are immediate 2014 stop gaps (thanks Jim Bollman) and elite prospects Damien Prince and Demitrious Knox. All four are no doubter, excellent players and Prince is the kind that you just don't say no to. So what does OSU do if Mavety and Eluemunor both pick OSU? Do they take the first of Prince/Knox to commit? Do they walk away from Knox in the hopes that Prince doesn't stand them up at the alter? Tough problem.
Marcus Lattimore is still not in the class, you don't say no to him.
5* DE Solomon Thomas is still very interested.
OSU still needs a DT (preferrably a 0/1 Tech) and they are looking decent with Matt Elam and Thomas Holley.
Is there room for Jonathan Hilliman a luxury as an RB in an already stuffed backfield?
Harris says OSU is still recruiting him. I would be shocked if OSU allowed him to commit.
Raekwon McMillan is still not in the class and you don't say no to him.
Oh yeah, and the 2 H-Back offers (Roberts and Gesiki)...
It is a pretty serious numbers crunch, and I think this class may actually be basically done by November's officials (aside from 1-2 guys that we know are pretty much OSU guys like McMillan and Lattimore).
Here is my guess at how we fill those last 6 spots:
-3 more OL (Eluemunor, Prince, Knox)
No more offensive playmakers or secondary guys unless there is some unexpected attrition at camp this year (Baldwin, Carter, Brown, etc. to name a few likely prospects).


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Ixabepilone in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Persistent Uterine Cancer
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Recurrent Uterine Sarcoma
Uterine Carcinosarcoma
Drug: ixabepilone
Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
Phase 2
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|A Phase II Evaluation of Ixabepilone (NSC #710428) in the Treatment of Recurrent or Persistent Carcinosarcoma of the Uterus
- Frequency of patients with objective tumor response [ Time Frame: Up to 5 years ]
- Frequency and severity of adverse events [ Time Frame: Up to 5 years ]
- Duration of progression-free survival [ Time Frame: Up to 5 years ]Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates will be provided along with descriptive measures such as their median estimates.
- Duration of overall survival [ Time Frame: Up to 5 years ]Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates will be provided along with descriptive measures such as their median estimates.
|Study Start Date:
|September 2010
|Primary Completion Date:
|November 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Experimental: Treatment (ixabepilone)
Patients receive ixabepilone IV over 3 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Drug: ixabepilone
Given IV
Other Names:Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
Correlative studies
Detailed Description:
I. To determine the response rate of patients with persistent or recurrent carcinosarcoma of the uterus treated with ixabepilone.
II. To determine the nature and degree of toxicity of this regimen in these patients.
I. To determine the duration of progression-free survival and overall survival of patients treated with this regimen.
I. To examine the expression of class III beta-tubulin in carcinosarcoma of the uterus.
II. To explore the association between class III beta-tubulin expression with response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in these patients.
OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study.
Patients receive ixabepilone IV over 3 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Tumor tissue samples from prior surgery may be collected for class III beta-tubulin analysis by IHC.
After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 3 months for 2 years and then every 6 months for 3 years.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
Histologically confirmed uterine carcinosarcoma
- Persistent or recurrent disease refractory to curative or established treatments
- Malignant mixed müllerian tumor
- Homologous or heterologous type
- Progressive disease after local therapy
Measurable disease defined as ≥ 1 lesion that can be accurately measured in ≥ 1 dimension (longest diameter to be recorded)
- Each lesion must be ≥ 10 mm by CT scan, MRI, or caliper measurement by clinical exam OR ≥ 20 mm by chest X-ray
- Lymph nodes must be ≥ 15 mm in short axis by CT scan or MRI
Patient must have ≥ 1 "target lesion" to assess response
- Tumors within a previously irradiated field will be designated as "non-target" lesions unless progression is documented or a biopsy is obtained to confirm persistence ≥ 90 days after completion of radiotherapy
Patient must have had 1 prior chemotherapeutic regimen for management of carcinosarcoma that may have included chemotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and/or consolidation/maintenance therapy
- Chemotherapy administered in conjunction with primary radiation as a radio-sensitizer is counted as a systemic chemotherapy regimen
- Patients who have not received a prior taxane therapy (e.g., paclitaxel or docetaxel) must receive a second regimen that includes a taxane
- Patients must not be eligible for a higher priority GOG or Rare Tumor protocol, if one exists
- ECOG performance status 0-2
- ANC ≥ 1,500/mm³
- Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm³
- Creatinine ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
- Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times ULN
- AST and ALT ≤ 3.0 times ULN
- Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 times ULN
- Not pregnant or nursing
- Negative pregnancy test
- Fertile patients must use effective contraception
- Peripheral neuropathy (sensory and motor) ≤ grade 1
- No active infection requiring antibiotics except uncomplicated urinary tract infection
- No history of severe grade 3-4 hypersensitivity reaction to agents containing Cremophor® EL or its derivatives (e.g., polyoxyethylated castor oil)
- More than 3 years since other invasive malignancy except non-melanoma skin cancer
- No concurrent amifostine or other protective reagents
- Recovered from recent surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy
- At least 1 week since prior hormonal therapy
- At least 3 weeks since any prior therapy directed at the malignant tumor, including biological and immunological agents
One prior non-cytotoxic (biologic or cytostatic) regimen for management of recurrent or persistent disease that includes, but is not limited to, any of the following allowed:
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Cytokines
- Small-molecule inhibitors of signal transduction
More than 3 years since prior radiotherapy to any portion of the abdominal cavity or pelvis other than for uterine carcinosarcoma
- Prior radiation for localized cancer of the breast, head and neck, or skin allowed provided the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic disease
No prior chemotherapy for any abdominal or pelvic tumor, other than for uterine carcinosarcoma, within the past 3 years
- More than 3 years since prior adjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast cancer allowed provided patient has remained free of recurrent or metastatic disease
- No prior ixabepilone
- No prior cancer therapy that contraindicates study treatment
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01168232
Show 76 Study Locations
|Principal Investigator:
|Carolyn McCourt
|Gynecologic Oncology Group
|Responsible Party:
|National Cancer Institute (NCI)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01168232 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|July 22, 2010
|Last Updated:
|June 10, 2014
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Mixed Tumor, Mullerian
Uterine Neoplasms
Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed
Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Urogenital Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Site
Uterine Diseases
Genital Diseases, Female
Epothilone B
Tubulin Modulators
Antimitotic Agents
Mitosis Modulators
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Antineoplastic Agents
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on January 19, 2017


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Costa Rican tilapia, commonly known as St. Peters fish, is rapidly gaining popularity in the United States. And it is no secret why – their meat is white, firm, moist, mild and -most of all - mouthwatering. Our Costa Rican tilapia fillets are farm raised. Costa Rican tilapia fillets are versatile and great broiled, grilled, poached, fried, blackened and make a scrumptious addition to fish soups. Tilapia fillets are often used as alternatives to recipes requiring sole, haddock, flounder, sea bass and sole. Try tilapia with our gourmet crusts and make your entree extra special.
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One year until the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games
Are you ready?
The Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games are 365 days away.
Get ready for 10 days of athleticism and inspiration.
Just two weeks after Closing Ceremony of the Olympic Winter Games, the 2014 Paralympic Winter Games will take place March 7-16 in Sochi, Russia. The Paralympic Winter Games will feature seven disciplines of five sports, as recognized by the International Paralympic Committee, for a total of 72 medal events, including men's and women's standing snowboard cross, which will make its debut in Sochi as a part of the alpine skiing program.
The competition is expected to draw 700 athletes from 45 countries.
United States athletes are expected to compete in each of the five sports (alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing, sled hockey and wheelchair curling) contested in Sochi. But at the one year until the Games mark, the U.S. has only qualified for the wheelchair curling competition, based on a top nine ranking on the World Curling Federation wheelchair curling qualification points list following the 2013 WCF World Wheelchair Championships.
The U.S. can qualify in sled hockey with a top five placement at the 2013 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships (A), held April 12-20 in Goyang City, Korea. The IPC will allocate spots in the alpine skiing, biathlon and cross-country competitions by June 3, 2013.
While the 2014 U.S. Paralympic Sled Hockey Team will be named in July, pending Games qualification, and the wheelchair curling squad will be named in December, the roster for Nordic skiing will be named Jan. 31, 2014, and the roster for alpine skiing will be named Feb. 17. The entire 2014 U.S. Paralympic Team will be named no later than Feb. 21, the deadline to submit delegation rosters to the IPC.
The U.S. sent 50 athletes to the Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Winter Games, winning four gold medals, five silver medals and four bronze medals, finishing fifth overall in the medal count. In 2010, Andy Soule (Pearland, Texas), a U.S. Army veteran, won a bronze medal in the men's sitting 2.4-kilometer individual pursuit biathlon event, becoming the first U.S. biathlete to medal at an Olympic or Paralympic Winter Games.
Of the 50 athletes who competed in Vancouver, five were military athletes: alpine skier Heath Calhoun (Clarksville, Tenn.), ret., U.S. Army; Nordic skier Sean Halsted (Spokane, Wash./Twin Lakes, Idaho), ret., U.S. Air Force; wheelchair curler Patrick McDonald (Madison, Wis.), retired U.S. Army; Soule; and alpine skier Chris Devlin-Young (Campton, N.H.), ret., U.S. Coast Guard. All five athletes are Sochi hopefuls.
Calhoun, who was injured in Iraq, was the U.S. flag bearer for the Opening Ceremony.


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (76 votes).
In short: Good EventIn full: Fastastic day out at this race for the frist time at this event in Corsham. Great race but that hill at 9k did me in. Ran 40 43 and was right down the age cat super vat in 11 play, top old boys running today. Looking forward to next year.Date of review: April 27, 2014
In short: Great race again but PARKING HORROR!!! In full: Great race and well organised yet again and T-shirts are great. Well done CRC. HOWEVER.... due to the increase in numbers there were many more cars. Parkng was fine at the beginning but there was nobody marshaling the car park at the end and it became an abolsolute free for all with cars driving all over the place trying to find the quickest exit. Took nearly 40 minutes to get out of the field I was parked in. Where did all the marshals go??? Date of review: April 27, 2014
In short: Great day fun and lots of people cheering ! Date of review: April 27, 2014
In short: my first 10k race .very welcoming..def do again Date of review: April 27, 2014
In short: well, organised, friendly, good eventDate of review: April 27, 2014
In short: Well organised and very enjoyable as always.Date of review: April 30, 2013
In short: Enjoyable raceIn full: 3rd time I've run this and each time I enjoy it. Set a PB this time so got to be good, right? T-shirts were a big improvement on previous years towel and the finish line went much smoother. Date of review: April 29, 2013
In short: A well organised road race.In full: organisation - goodAtmosphere - goodStart - goodMarshalling - fineScenery - mix of town and countySurface - all roadDifficulty - gradual uphill for first half - then downhill - short steeper uphill around 9k. - flat last 1k to the finishFinish - well organisedNo medal - but a banana / water / biscuits / sweets / and a choice of t- shirt or towel.Not suitable for PB due to the gradual uphill for half of the race.Date of review: April 29, 2013
In short: very well organised. more support on the course than most races. a bit too hilly for a pb but a good workoutDate of review: April 29, 2013
In short: Great race Great T-shirtIn full: This race just seems to get better, large number of entrants nearly 900 this year with 780+ finishing the course. the course is fairly flat with one or two minor bumps nothing to hinder you with. Date of review: April 28, 2013
Visit the official Runner's World page
Follow Runner's World on Twitter
Click here
Other Natmag-Rodale Sites
Run For Charity
Injury Clinics
About Runner's World


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The Lightning-Fast RideBack
Episode 6 | TV-14
A RideBack gang is on a crime spree, targeting police and civilians alike. When Rin learns that her brother is among the thugs, it's bad enough. When she sees the action taken by the government against the group, it gets even worse.
Dub Expires: 07-10-2014
Official Site: www.funimation.com/shows/ridebackHide Details


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Visit Our Studios; Mary Magdalene Is a Story of Us; Webby Worthiness; Pulitzer Pedigree; Russell's #9; Welcoming the Unexpected Visitor
Each week I write a weekly column that captures a tiny bit of what's beautiful and intriguing in this world. If you'd like to receive it in your email inbox, subscribe to our weekly newsletter!
So many people responded to this thoughtful essay last year that I thought I'd give it a reprise on Good Friday. In "At the Heart of Easter Sunday Is a Woman," Norman Allen writes that Easter is not just being about Jesus' resurrection but Mary Magdalene too. Take three minutes to listen and read. It's a beauty:
"But the story holds an even deeper significance, for Mary represents all of us. We are slow to see, slow to consider the truths that challenge the comfortable limits of our understanding. And perhaps we all need to hear our name spoken — to be called — before we can recognize the opportunity that stands before us."
This was a guest contribution. Add your voice and your talent to our platform. Photo essays, commentaries, videos with a personal narrative are welcome.
It's awards season in the worlds of journalism and digital media. First, we've been nominated for a Webby Award, the "Oscars of the Internet" as they say. The last time we won the award was in 2007, the same year we won a Peabody. I even got to shake Stephen Colbert's hand on both occasions. (Shhh... his hands are the softest ones I've ever touched. Creamy, like butter.)
When I first started working on this project in 2003, I had the great privilege of working with Bill Buzenberg. He was our founding executive producer. I was new to journalism and producing radio, but I got to learn from him on a daily basis — from near and afar (his voice carries through solid doors). What I most admired was his passion: for news and for learning — a great thinker with an infinitely curious mind. He was very kind and supportive; I treasure those days. When he left to lead the Center for Public Integrity, I was chagrined but knew he'd reshape that important investigative organization. And, lo and behold, he's led CPI to its very first Pulitzer Prize for "Breathless and Burdened." A hearty congratulations to him and his staff!
It's happening! And I want you to join us. On Tuesday, May 6, we'll be producing our first live event in our gorgeous new offices on Loring Park. As part of The Civil Conversations Project, Krista will be interviewing Jim Bradley, a mathematician and Christian, and Michael Ruse, a philosopher of science and an atheist, on the ways science and religion are finding new paths to each other. It'll be an intimate event with 40 people, so please RSVP.
As Boston commemorates the one-year anniversary of the marathon bombing, I have seen so many signs of hope and honor. Love this memorial at the Boston Public Library.
The ninth of the great British philosopher Bertrand Russell's list of rules for living and learning. This time, on being truthful:
"Be scrupulously truthful, even if the truth is inconvenient, for it is more inconvenient when you try to conceal it."
But why the photo? Read on, my friends, read on.
I spent eight minutes watching a man split wood with this marvelous Finnish axe. How could I not share?
And, this week, a very popular post from Parker Palmer. He offers a somewhat light-hearted vignette on the unexpected visitor and welcoming her in — all by way of a metaphor from Rumi:
"Be grateful for whoever comes,
because each has been sent
as a guide from beyond."
Send your greetings and your critiques at email@example.com, or via Twitter at @trentgilliss.
May the wind always be at your back.


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Course Details
Course Description
About The Instructor
Section will be taught totally online with no scheduled class meetings. Students must arrange for daily access to a computer and the Internet prior to the start of classes. Robert Morris labs are to be used only as a backup in special situations and may not be relied upon for extended periods of time. In addition to the Internet link, online classes have a large emphasis on email. All messages from the instructor and other information regarding online classes, including user ids, passwords, and login instructions will be sent to your Robert Morris University email account.
Visit http://rmu.blackboard.com/ for more information.
Session, Dates: 2 (01/11/2014 - 03/07/2014)
Days: ONLINE
Time: -
Location: Internet/Online
Seats Available: 16 Seats
Credits: 3
The following additional fees apply to this section:
Fully Online Fee
: $150.00
This course explores the most current evidence surrounding simulation education, models for scenario design, standards for best practice, and elements related to debriefing, evaluation, and research. Participants will engage in reading assignments, audio visual presentations, interactive learning components, and interactive educational leadership activities.
Donna S. McDermott, PhD, RN, CHSE
Interim Department Head, Nursing
Assistant Professor of Nursing
412-397-6056 phone
412-397-3977 fax
Scaife Hall 108


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (1519 votes).
In short: Great race shame about the sugar free drinksIn full: Really fantastic atmosphere as usual. The locals and bands are great and really get you going.Major downside was that the organisers decided it would be a nice idea to suplly only sugar free drinks. This is not really the best idea when running 13 miles. This is the third time I have done this race and have never had an issue in the past with drinks stations therefore had no need to take my own.It is a real shame that the drinks sponsors thought it was a great idea to promote there new sugar free drink at a half marathon when runners really need there glucose intake.Really enjoyed the atmosphere of the whole weekend including the junior runs on the quayside on Saturday. Definatly a must for next year but with plenty of my own Glucose!!!!!Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: Crowded, hilly and deeply frustratingIn full: I was told by some people this was a hilly course and others said it's a gradual up-hill gradiant. It's hilly, without question. Like all big races, it had its fair share of people in fancy dress and people who didn't realise it's a running race and take to walking from about half a mile. Some great support at places but there were points in the race when it's dead quiet and not a little dull. Start and finish very well organised but the whole thing was let down by the hour-plus wait to get on the Metro at South Shields. With this being one of the most famous races in the calendar, I am pleased I did it, but the hills and the queues mean I'm unlikely to do it again.Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: Truly enjoyable!In full: Really enjoyed this event - the local support was amazing, as were the Red Arrows flying over just as I emerged from an underpass near the beginning. The last 1.5 miles are a killer as the finish just seems to stretch and stretch away from you!Only minor was the sugar-free Powerade. Not great when all you want is SUGAR!!!Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: Fantastic! In full: My first GNR & cant wait to do it all again. The crowds were very supportive, the bands were brilliant. Not a hilly course but quite testing given the volume of people taking part and it was humid once the rain had stopped. I enjoyed the hospitality in the charity marquees afterwards. Loved the t-shirt, the medal and full goody bag. I'll definately be back next year.Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: What a race to pick for my 1st ever! Fantastic day, everybody should run GNR once before they die!Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: Brilliant atmosphere nothing would beat thisIn full: My second GNR and I would do it all over again, its something special, for the amount of people who are doing it. People don't run this to get Pb's due to so many people (although I beat last years' time)but for the shear atmosphere, enjoyment and crowd support as well as the iconic meaning of this race. There is nothing like standing ready to run with 55000 other runners at the start, and hitting South Shields a few hours later. Bupa do a great job of organising, water stops, poweraid etc. Only complaint is amount of loo's at the start. Getting back to Newcastle was a nightmare (metro) but bused it last year and same problems - but what do you expect with 55000 people? If there is any half marathon that people do - do this one as its just "special". Running for a charity made it even more special. Everyone has their own story and that's what's so great about it. I now want to see what time I would get for a half marathon that isn't busy....Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: Its big, its smooth but its an event rather than a raceIn full: Well organised race that managed to get 50,000 in one place at one time ready for teh start without major problems - all the problems seem to be getting them away at end.Course is largely soulless and uninspiring made better by the huge numbers of bands around course and the spectators. to be honest was expecting a few more spectators but might have been the rain putting them off.Mildly undullating course with nothing too serious in terms of hills.Think this has gone beyond a race to be honest and many people scores reflect this as an event or occasion, mass participation feel good etc. As a race there are better courses and better support.Worth doing once for the occasion but doubt I will ever be back (even if I lived close)Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: Only disappointing thing was the sports drink with zero sugar/calories, otherwise a cracking event.Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: Fantastic event, will definitely do again!Date of review: September 20, 2010
In short: A great race on a very tough course which genuinely felt like it was all up hill!In full: Toilet facilities were poor really with horrendous queues but other than that very well organised. Good atmosphere but can't understand how anyone could say it beats London? It doesn't come close. A really tough challenging half marathon if you are looking to test yourself. Date of review: September 20, 2010
Visit the official Runner's World page
Follow Runner's World on Twitter
Click here
Other Natmag-Rodale Sites
Run For Charity
Injury Clinics
About Runner's World


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Biography All Music Guide
All Music Guide:
In 2002 the successful duo of Missy Elliott and Timbaland presented Tweet, a soulful vocalist with hip-hop savvy and unrestrained sexuality. Like Sparxxx's debut album, Tweet's debut, Southern Hummingbird, featured production by Timbaland and vocals by Elliott, most notably on the lead single, "Oops (Oh My)." The single became an overnight hit, and a remix for the song featuring Fabolous garnered even more spins on urban radio, helping her cross over to the rap audience and setting the stage for her album's awaited release date. Before debuting with "Oops (Oh My)," Tweet had appeared alongside Elliott on "Take Away" (a single also featuring Ginuwine from Miss E...So Addictive) and "X" (an album track from Ja Rule's Pain Is Love). It's Me Again followed in 2005.


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Share Your Reflection

What a difference it makes when we regard each other as
What a difference it makes when we regard each other as eternal treasures, as "the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints."

the concept of embracing every experience we encounter is
the concept of embracing every experience we encounter is very Eastern but appears in the biographies of many Christian saints. The current level of intolerance displayed by many/most mainstream Christian denominations would be puzzling to many that they hold in reverence.

Is this where the comments about this week's show are
Is this where the comments about this week's show are supposed to be hidden? There was an invitation at the end of the show to leave comments at the blog, but there doesn't seem to be an obvious place to do so. I see there's also a place to leave comments at the page for this episode, which requires more personal information than I care to share.
While I appreciate whatever broadmindedness might be involved with inviting a conservative like Mouw to your show, this choice continues the tradition of inviting conservatives who will be critical of other conservatives, saying what liberals like to hear about conservatives (but not about themselves), as was also done with John Danforth and Jim Wallis. The kinds of conservatives criticized remain poorly understood and poorly represented on this show, despite their large number and influence. They still need to be reached out to and allowed to speak for themselves, just as much as the atheists and such the show is noticeably bending towards.
Maybe underlying the reluctance to have Glenn-Beck-like guests is a belief that some values regarded by many as spiritual, such as the rightness of harsh condemnation of homosexuality or of people one thinks are spiritually wrong, cannot be valid spiritual values. If that's the position of the show, it would be most forthcoming to say so. I think it isn't the self-evident position it might appear to be, not even as it would apply to Beck and others singled out for criticism on this show (and website). At least bringing this mode of thought into the open would allow it to be examined and questioned. There's some very harsh stuff in some revered spiritual guides, so it would be revealing, at least, to know on what grounds the staff filter the values implied by that so securely as to exclude some of them from being represented on the show (and website), except of course to criticize and dismiss them. And, since they aren't represented by those who hold them, risk misunderstanding and misrepresenting them.
Putting this in a more specific spiritual light, I wonder if the position of the show is to look at Beck, Franklin Graham and many others and say, paraphrasing Paul, "We have no need of you in the Body of Being."
And of course the connection to the topic post is plain.

This is an interesting idea. the thing that doesn't seem
This is an interesting idea. the thing that doesn't seem to fit this show, however, is that all the guests that I have heard have presented their ideas in an invitational way. As Peter's epistle says, with respect. It seems to me that there are many places to find pomposity in our culture. I much prefer the gentle approach. I can stay open enough to actually hear what the person is saying, not close him or her off in a reaction of self defense.

This is just what the Great Yeshua came to teach us: To
This is just what the Great Yeshua came to teach us: To God reflected in ourselves and in all of creation.

 As I drove alone listening to the entire interview,
As I drove alone listening to the entire interview, and now have read the comments above and before mine, I was quite moved about the encounter Mr. Mouw had at a service/lecture where he did not shy from the conservative view of same sex as sin. But meeting a couple who enthusiastically endorsed his view, he took the step of reconciliation - forgiveness perhaps, with the olive branch advice, ""we have to find some common ground and stop yelling at each other. The couple unexpectedly wept confessing that their son was homosexual and they wanted to find some way to accept and reconcile with their belief system and Scripture.
I am struck with the passsage about St Therese and the convent mate that she loathed until she realized that she was also one of God's creations. Do not all artists take pleasure in their work being admired? What if God created humans with same sex love hard wired? What if being gay was a gift of God for the individual and the rest of us? Is the fear and loathing hatred encouraged in the duplicitous "hate the sin; love the sinner" truth or mendacity? Are we so sure we know that we are loving God above all things, and our neighbor, even if they be gay, as ourselves? Being too sure seems like pride, which comes before the fall. We seek Jesus and God in the great and glorious, but we find him where we least suspect. We are all sinners, and must learn to love harder than we have learned to judge with our imperfect means and minds.

As a mother commented in a Catholic magazine, "It's
As a mother commented in a Catholic magazine, "It's easier to see Christ in the face of an orphan (on TV) than in the child who just smeared peanut butter all over your freshly cleaned kitchen."

I could not agree more with the Nun for I practice Divine
I could not agree more with the Nun for I practice Divine Art Appreciation each and everyday. Whenever I encounter a person that try to make me lose my cool , I just prayer in mind and send that particular person Divine blessings and kept going. Although sometimes I think that some people look at me, and I think that they might think that I am crazy for being so kind with them despite what they have done to me. Luz M Phipps Reading PA


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LINGUIST List 25.818
Tue Feb 18 2014
Calls: General Linguistics/Germany
Editor for this issue: Bryn Hauk <bryn
Marina Wienberg <culcc
2nd Bremen Conference on Language and Literature in Colonial and Postcolonial Contexts
E-mail this message to a friend
Full Title: 2nd Bremen Conference on Language and Literature in Colonial and Postcolonial Contexts
Short Title: BCLL #2
Date: 03-Sep-2014 - 07-Sep-2014
Location: Bremen, Germany
Contact Person: Marina Wienberg
Meeting Email:
< click here to access email >
Web Site:
Linguistic Field(s): General Linguistics
Call Deadline: 11-Apr-2014
Meeting Description:
In the context of the research focus Colonial and Postcolonial Studies at the University of Bremen, Germany, the interdisciplinary 2nd Bremen Conference on Language and Literature in Colonial and Postcolonial Contexts (BCLL #2) on Space in Colonial and Postcolonial Contexts: Language, Literature, and the Construction of Place and Diaspora will take place on September 3-7, 2014.
The conference will be organized jointly by the Creative Unit Language in Colonial Contexts, Bremen, the Society Voces: International Society for Language in Colonial and Postcolonial Contexts, the Institute for Postcolonial and Transcultural Studies (INPUTS), Bremen, the Bremen Institute of Canada and Québec Studies (BICQS), and the Institute of Geography at the University of Bremen.
Emphasis will be put on the critical reflection of the category of space in (post)colonial contexts. Instead of looking at colonial and postcolonial spaces as static historical structures, we aim at exploring processes of spatial construction and representation in cultural practices. Our interdisciplinary perspectives will facilitate prospects on the dynamic nexus between space, place and coloniality in Postcolonial Studies by means of focusing on migration, mobility, displacement and further concepts of spatial dynamics.
There will be a conference fee of EUR 90,00 (EUR 50,00 for students) that covers participation, conference material, coffee breaks, and lunch buffets.
Plenary Speakers:
Prof. Dr. Beatrix Busse, University of Heidelberg, Germany
Prof. Dr. Elleke Boehmer, University of Oxford, Great Britain (to be confirmed)
Prof. Dr. Harald Hammarström, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
Prof. Dr. Yaron Matras, University of Manchester, Great Britain
Prof. Dr. Cheryl McEwan, Durham University, UK
Prof. Dr. Katherine McKittrick, Queen's University, Canada
Prof. Dr. Corinne Mencé-Caster, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane / Martinique (to be confirmed)
Prof. Dr. Rajagopalan Radhakrishnan, University of California, Irvine, USA
Prof. Dr. Anne Storch, University of Cologne, Germany
Conference Organizers:
Prof. Dr. Sabine Broeck - Director of the Institute for Postcolonial and Transcultural Studies (INPUTS), Bremen and President of the international Collegium for African-American Research (CAAR)
Prof. Dr. Julia Lossau - Chair of Human Geography at the University of Bremen
Prof. Dr. Norbert Schaffeld - Chair of English Literature and Director of the Bremen Institute of Canada- and Québec-Studies (BICQS)
Prof. Dr. Thomas Stolz - Chair of Linguistics at the University of Bremen and head of the federal initiative for the excellence project Creative Unit Language in Colonial Contexts (CULCC)
Prof. Dr. Ingo H. Warnke - Chair of German and Interdisciplinary Linguistics at the University of Bremen and head of the federal initiative for the excellence project Creative Unit Language in Colonial Contexts (CULCC)
2nd Call for Papers:
This international meeting brings together scholars of various backgrounds who study the relationship between language, literature, culture, geography, and the construction of colonial sites with a focus on discussions about the concept of diaspora in Colonial and Postcolonial Studies. We aim at initiating a new interdisciplinary research program that explores how language, literature, culture, and place-making processes have been affected by colonial and postcolonial conditions and how material colonial and postcolonial constellations have been reflected, shaped and negotiated by communication and symbolic practice.
We welcome contributions from linguistics, literary and cultural studies, geography, anthropology, history, political science, and other disciplines.
Sections and Contributions:
Apart from the plenary lectures (60 minutes), there will be four sections devoted to:
Section 1: Language, Linguistics and the construction of (post)colonial places and diaspora
Section 2: Literature as construction of place and diaspora in (post)colonial settings
Section 3: Cultures of (post)colonial space construction
Section 4: Geographies of place and diaspora in (post)colonial contexts
Please bear in mind that papers should not exceed 20 minutes. We have reserved 10 minutes for discussions of each paper.
Poster presentations will be accepted as well. The conference language will be English.
Please submit abstracts until: April 11, 2014 via email to culcc
We kindly ask you to send complete information (name, academic title, affiliation, title of the paper, the section in which you see your presentation) with the short summary of the objectives of the talk, including three bibliographical references. Abstracts should not exceed 3,000 characters.
Should you require any assistance or clarification, please do not hesitate to contact us under culcc
Contact persons: Barbara Dewein, Daniel Schmidt-Brücken, Susanne Schuster, Marina Wienberg
This Year the LINGUIST List hopes to raise $75,000. This money will go to help keep the List running by supporting all of our Student Editors for the coming year.
See below for donation instructions, and don't forget to check out Fund Drive 2014 site!
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Smoky Black Beans (Bite This)
Contributing Monkie Aria Alpert
Published on February 7, 2012
It's time to put down that can opener and start making your own fresh batch of beans. It is so simple and quicker than you might think. I know, opening a can is quicker, but definitely not healthier. For those of you who have never made a homemade pot of beans, here is your opportunity. Try this recipe. It's really tasty and really freaking easy. Serve with green salad, sauteed greens, cooked grains, in a bowl with fresh chopped avocado and cilantro and a side of corn chips, anyway you wanna eat 'em…explore….
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Chautauqua Lake Ice Pick Contest Is Over; Ceremony To Be Held
BEMUS POINT – The Chautauqua Lake ice pick has broken through.
The ice pick went through the ice at 3:45 p.m. Tuesday, April 9. Peter Sullivan, event organizer, said the winner of the contest is Brooke Sheesley.
"She was 59 minutes away. She had guessed 4:44 p.m., and it went down at 3:45 p.m.," he said.
The ice pick was placed on the ice Jan. 26, and bets were accepted until March 10, according to the contest's website – www.clakeicepick.com. Around $12,000 was raised for the contest, with each guess costing $5. Sullivan said after contest expenses of $400, $11,600 was left to be split among the winners and the Chautauqua Lake Association. Sheesley will receive 25 percent of the money. The five runners-up will receive 5 percent of the pot. Tom Pembridge, Nancy Bargar, Rhoe Henderson, Bruce Erickson and Tom Calalesina were the runners-up. The remaining 50 percent will be donated to the Chautauqua Lake Association.
An awards event will be held at 4:30 p.m. Wednesday at The Lawson Boating Heritage Center, 73 Lakeside Drive, Bemus Point, for the winners. The ice pick was located outside of the Lawson Boating Heritage Center prior to the ice melting.
The Chautauqua Lake Ice Pick contest is based on a successful Alaskan tradition. The contest is a fundraiser where people try to predict exactly what time and date the ice would break and the tripod placed on top of the ice would then fall into the lake.
The contest's inaugural year was 2011, when $8,000 was raised to benefit the Chautauqua Lake Association. However, in 2012, due to unseasonably warm temperatures, the contest was canceled.
The idea for the event was brought back by Sullivan, who traveled to Nenana, Alaska, and witnessed an event held annually to predict when the ice breaks. The Alaskan tradition started as people awaited for the ice to break on the Tanana River, which would mean the start of supplies coming their way. Although Alaskans may not be as dependent upon the ice breaking to get supplies now, the guessing is still done.
Sullivan transformed the idea into a local fundraiser, with BOCES classes constructing the tripod that is connected to a clock to mark the exact time the ice cracks on Chautauqua Lake. In 2011, Greg Peterson won by correctly guessing 9:37 a.m. on March 18.


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Whether increase distance, feel or trajectory while maintaining or even improving your accuracy is your goal for next year, True Temper has two new lightweight offerings to choose from, which will be available at the beginning of February 2014
True Temper will soon be introducing two new ultra-light taper tip steel iron shaft to deliver a combination of explosive distance with precision control. OK, I know, you hear this all the time where manufacturers make this same claim and that it is all relative to how well the shaft fits your swing profile. I had a chance this past week to both test the shafts as well as hit them at the range against some other lightweight shafts and I came away impressed.
The True Temper XP95 and True Temper XP105 (numbers indicate approximate raw shaft weight) offer two distinct models with a unique step pattern. These are both taper tip options so they are primarily for re-shafting name brand clubs unless want to shim them in our irons or in other parallel irons on the market.
True Temper XP95 versus XP105 Golf Shafts
Aside from their weight differences (approximately 6g once assembled), there are other distinguishing features between the two golf shafts. The True Temper XP95 is the higher launching of the two shafts. This is due to a softer tip section and slightly softer flex. A little more than a month ago I discussed how steel shaft geometry affects the stiffness distribution of the shaft and consequently trajectory. The XP95 has the more active tip section as the shaft measures 0.370" below the first step while the True Temper XP95 is 0.395". While the weight is not much of huge difference in shaft selection, optimizing ball flight should be your first choice between these shafts. I hit the ball so bloody high to begin with so the True Temper XP105 was the better choice for me.
Our new shaft profiler measures the deflection or stiffness along the length of the shaft so you get more of a complete picture of how the shaft flexes. The following chart shows the deflection of the two shafts with the left side showing the tip end and the right side is the butt. More flex is indicated when the line is higher on the chart. If you have a hard time reading the legend, the True Temper XP95 is in blue and True Temper XP105 in red. As mentioned previously, the XP105 is slighter firmer in the butt section, but the biggest difference coming from the tip end.
I have been using shafts in this weight range for the past several years so these were in my wheelhouse. These shafts have plenty of feel. After fitted for the right flex and weight for me, I was hitting the ball longer than what I had been gaming and loved how straight the ball went for me.
What would have been most similar from their previous models?
Our deflection analysis shows for the True Temper XP95 (in blue), the closest shafts that True Temper has offered are the GS-85 (green) and GS-95 (red) and the reason both are being retired after this year to make room for this model. The XP95 fits right in-between in terms of weight and flex.
The True Temper XP105 golf shafts in the S300 (blue) was very similar to the profile of the popular Dynalite Gold XP (red) in the R300 flex. This is the reason why the Dynalite Gold XP will be retired after this year too. The XP105 sheds roughly 7 grams from the Dynalite Gold XP for increased swing speed without sacrificing what made it such a success.
More fitting information
Here is the DSFI data that we produce for our annual Shaft Fitting Addendum so you can compare them to other shafts we have tested.
With taper tip shafts, there is no tip trimming required. However, this requires the clubmaker to purchase or stock a specific raw length for each head. Here are those recommended raw lengths:
40.5" 2-iron
40" 3-iron
39.5" 4-iron
39" 5-iron
38.5" 6-iron
38" 7-iron
37.5" 8-iron
37" 9-iron
36.5" wedges
Even though you do not see many 2-irons today, these can be used for driving / utility irons or giving club fitters the option of soft-stepping to create some in-between flexes.
The Skinny
As you can see, those wily engineers at True Temper Golf Shafts have been busy this past year concentrating on enhancing your performance. Whether increase distance, feel or trajectory while maintaining or even improving your accuracy is your goal for next year, True Temper has two new lightweight offerings to choose from, which will be available at the beginning of February 2014 (Hey, that's not that far away).
Model #TTXP95I
Model #TTXP105I
True Temper XP95 Tapered Tip Shafts
True Temper XP105 Tapered Tip Shafts
$23.99 each
$23.99 each


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Director of Nationally Competitive Awards
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About | Chellgren Center | Nationally Competitive Awards | Gaines Center | Honors Program | Undergraduate Research | First Generation
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Select your desired product options and we will notify you when it is back in stock.
The Arcopedico L39 is a women's casual mary-jane flat with adjustable buckle strap.
Arcopedico is a high-quality women's comfort shoe brand specializing in lightweight, anatomically-designed, arch- and circulation-supporting shoes that are hand-made in Portugal. Arcopédico shoes' lightweight, colorful, simple, and ageless designs are a versatile and smart choice for any woman's wardrobe and lifestyle.
Arcopedico L39 Grey Metallic Faux Leather Women's Shoe
Features include:
I have a few pairs of Arcopedico boots and shoes, and these are a pleasure to wear, just like the rest. It's like wearing slippers. The grey/black pattern is nice, on the neutral side and not too distracting which I prefer.
I love these shoes! The footbed is contoured and so comfortable. I have a large bunion on my right foot and my feet are pretty wide, but these fit comfortably without rubbing. I usually wear a 10 or 10.5. I tried a 41 in these, but they were a bit too short and my toes hit the end. I exchanged for a 42, which is just slightly long but so much more comfortable. I have the black/gray, but really liked the cherry red, however they didn't have my size :-(
SO comfortable! The shoes do not hurt my feet and that really is saying a lot. They are cute and I would buy them again!
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"My order arrived on time, nicely packed and I could not be happier with the shoes. This store has a fabulous variety of super cute shoes that I would like anyway, but that help immensely with my plantar fasciitis. I plan on buying more in the very near future and I know I've become a lifelong customer. I've been to my local store as well and the service at the San Diego Little Italy store was great. Both Eric and Jina were super nice and knowledgeable."
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The Sacramento Bee launched a new Multimedia section, blog and photo player. We're very excited to now present the great photography from The Bee and around the world in a large format on desktop computers, tablets, and mobiles. Our focus in this area was driven by our strategy, analytics, and testing designed to increase daily unique visitors specifically on weekends. You will soon begin to see more QR codes in the paper linking print stories to their mobile gallery.
Help us make it better -
Developing for Android and other non-Apple devices is complicated by the wide range of hardware and software variations. Here's where we need your help. Please visit http://sacbee.com/multimedia on your non-Apple smartphone with a web browser and see if the gallery loads and displays photos. There are many improvements in the roadmap for the player, but at this time, we're most interested in basic performance on the widest range of smartphones. If the player doesn't seem to be working correctly for you, please click the "?" in the upper right to see some tips and email your comments.
If you have an Apple phone, we of course want you to use the player, but we are more confident about the testing we completed on those devices. That said, if you do come across any issues please use the "?" for tips and to send us an email.
Mobile tips:
In the main interface:
- Touch and slide to change photos
- At the last photo of the gallery, slide to the left to open the gallery browser
- Tap to hide/show the user interface
- Tap "Galleries" to find other galleries to view
- Tap the play icon to start/stop the gallery slide show
- Tap the close icon to go to the mobile version of sacbee.com
- If the caption text is too long to fit then drag it up and down to read more
In the gallery browser:
- Slide to left/right/up/down (depending on your orientation) to view more galleries
- Tap a gallery thumbnail to view that gallery
- Tap the close icon to return to the current gallery
Known issues:
- Occasionally when sliding between photos, the display stops in-between two photos. If this happens, just tap the screen to realign the photo.
- On some devices, changing orientation will occasionally incorrectly fill the available screen area. If this happens, refresh the page to reload the viewer.
- Multimedia section front: http://sacbee.com/multimedia - Going here on your phone will automatically redirect you to the mobile interface.
- Multimedia blog: http://blogs.sacbee.com/exposures
I also want to note that this is the first graduate from Bee Labs. A big thank you to all who helped us with our beta testing. More great things to come.


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Topic: Model Methods
Hi I have a question regarding creating Methods for Models.
Lets say I have a model User and House so what is the proper method for creating methods?
In the User Model I can use
def add_home
or should I put the def initialize in the Home Model then call it
However I can't call call it from user
Can anyone help me adopt the correct way of doing things by give me an example?
I want to use as much of the rails method without creating new unnessary ones.
using rails console it will show argument errors, looks like I have to create my own methods to call it.
Last edited by limgw (2012-06-15 02:01:00)


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JD, that's fantastic.You know what? We've discussed stacking stones and plates quite a few times, but I can't believe no one's come up with the idea of cutting a plate in half for easier lifting. That's a great idea.Barry, what do you think? Slicing your plate down the middle to make it more manageable?


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Yesterday, President Obama held a press conference with Prime Minister Brown at the Foreign and Commonwealth Building in London. President Obama said:"All of us owe Prime Minister Brown an extraordinary debt of gratitude for his preparations in what I believe will be a historic and essential meeting of the G-20 nations. ... Both of us greatly value the special relationship between our nations. The United States and the United Kingdom have stood together through thick and thin, through war and peace, through hard times and prosperity -- and we've always emerged stronger by standing together. ... And I know that we both believe that the relationship between our two countries is more than just an alliance of interests; it's a kinship of ideals and it must be constantly renewed."
Read President Obama's remarks here.
George in Florida writes:
Mr. President, Madame Secretary;
We in our Family here in South Tampa, Florida understand the good work your both doing and truly understand the speed that your both working. We appreciate the speed, versus the last eight years of a total lack of any. We wish you both the very best, and safe travels.
Best regards, George and Family
Irish in U.S.A. writes:
Am I the only one wondering why the State Department threw President Obama under the bus at the G-20 summit? Why did not the protocol officer tell the President not to bow before Saudi King Abdullah?
If you have not seen the photo or video of this embarrassment you can see and watch it here:
Doesn't the State Department have a responsiblity to inform the President that the leader of the free world does not bow before the Saudi King. I deeply offended by this.


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Secret Window' started by Lepplady, Nov 4, 2013.
Stephen King's writing and a view like this?
What's not to love?
Imagine what he would look like if he actually showered.......
Oh, I see trouble ahead--and in your road!
I think I see hipmamajen's scissors in his hair!!!! (see her thread pertaining to the missing scissors)
How 'bout a bath.......
Sunny's scissors... or maybe even 'Edwards'?
Oh Lord help me, I just posted a Depp. *sigh*
Worn you down now, have we???? Hehehehe!!!
NOooooooooooooooooooooooooooo! Weak moment.
...new Board...same ole Depp lust....oh well, I always have my cookies....my cookies and this stapler, my cookies, this stapler and a hair pin....my....*wanders off in a Steve Martineseque shuffle*....
And that's all you need.
And this thermos......and my dog, Sh!&head....and that's all I need.....
I thought Johnny was fabulous as Mort Rainey
I knew you really like Johnny.....I knew it, I knew it!!!!!
I like longish hair on a guy....won't catch my scissors in there
Hmmm, this can't have been me... I bet some evil little sprite hijacked my computer on that day. Yes, this must be it.
We are outside right now, watching you. And judging.....
You are? Oh hell.. let me just alter my position a little so you can see my good side.
You have my award for 1st gutbuster of my day!! Thank you!! Now, roll over so I can see the other side...........mmmmmmmmmmmm, baby!
(Oh thank you....!)
Actually, I'm pretty yellow (chickensh1t?) from all sides....
Is that the so-called 'hazy shade of Winter'? I got that same shade right now.


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Monday, June 27, 2005
Laws of Form
We can write a distinction on its own as (). Now we can introduce some simple rules. A distinction inside a distinction isnothing. Ie. (()) =. I haven't left out the right hand side. As it might be confusing I'll use the symbol 1 to represent a blank space. So (()) = 1 and trivially (1)=() and ()1=() as 1 is just another way of not writing anything at all. Brown also introduces the rule ()() = (). These rules now have an interpretation in boolean algebra:
1 -> false
() -> true
(a) -> not a
a b -> a or b
This is a nice notation for boolean algebra and may originally have been invented by C S Peirce.
But after a few pages I find Laws of Form to be completely incomprehensible. Brown suddenly makes a leap from simple Boolean algebra to completely bizarre operations that result in the description of some kind of binary sequential circuits related to solutions to recurrent equations. I more or less dismissed Brown as a crackpot.
Curiously, however, Louis H Kauffman, a well known Knot Theorist among other things, has taken to Laws of Form with zeal. He sees a commonality with the types of diagrams that he uses for Knot Theory. But he goes further and sees connections with the properties of spacetime. Kauffman has a Paper here as well as some material in his great book Knots and Physics. Still, when you look closely the comments are all pretty vague and really don't go beyond the simple boolean algebra that Brown discusses towards the beginning of Laws of Form.
So even though there's at least one reputable mathematician who's interested in his work he still seemed like a crackpot. Take a look at USENET discussions about the book and you'll see endless quasi-mystical discussions about the book with very little meat - all tending to confirm the crackpot hypothesis. And if you wanted any kind of confirmation that he was a crackpot you just have to make note of the fact that a conference on Laws of Form was held at Esalen.
But then I came across Mark W Hopkins' USNET posts on the subject, in particular here. For the first time in my knowledge a mathematician has attempted to redescribe the later parts of Laws of Form (what Hopkins calls LOF2 and LOF3) in a non-trivial way. I haven't read the posts yet but judging by the quality of many of his other posts it should be interesting.
My question now is this: who is Mark W Hopkins. I've learned a ton of stuff about finite state machines and regular languages from his posts but his web presence is pretty ephemeral and seems to end a few years ago.
3 comments:
- God sends the meat and the Devil cooks said...
I'm glad you wrote this post on LOF. I discovered the book not through mathematics but from a reference in a book by Robert Anton Wilson titled Prometheus rising. Here is the paragraph RAW writes on Laws of Form:
"Before the first imprint, the consciousness of the infant is "formless and void"--like the universe at the beginning of Genesis, or the descriptions of unconditional ("enlightened" i.e., exploded) consciousness in the mystic traditions. As soon as the first imprint is made, structure emerges out of the creative void. The growing mind, alas, becomes trapped within this structure. It identifies with the structure; in a sense, it becomes the structure.
This entire process is analyzed in G. Spencer Brown's Laws of Form; and Brown was writing about the foundations of mathematics and logic. But every sensitive reader knows that Brown is also talking about a process we have all passed through in creating, out of an infinite ocean of signals, those particular constructs we call "myself" and "my world." Not surprisingly, many acid-heads have said that Brown's math is the best description ever written of an LSD trip."
As you, I got lost after LOF1. Hopefully, after reading the USENET post you mention I'll be able to retake the book soon. Thanks!
- Monday, 27 June, 2005
- sigfpe said...
RAW mentions it? Then that definitely tips things back towards the crackpot hypothesis :-)
Tell me if you get anywhere with Mark Hopkins' notes. They don't seem conceptually hard but they lack some details and I'm having a hard time trying to piece together the bits I think are missing.
- Tuesday, 28 June, 2005
Have you read this?
- Thursday, 20 March, 2008
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