text:
Tarantino, Quentin
Quentin Tarantino 1963–
(Full name Quentin Jerome Tarantino) American director and screenplay writer.
The following entry presents an overview of Tarantino's career through 1998.
Among the most successful American filmmakers to emerge in the 1990s, Quentin Tarantino is best known for his off-beat, darkly satiric gangster films Reservoir Dogs (1992), Pulp Fiction (1994), and Jackie Brown (1997). Earning large box office receipts and cult adoration as a new renegade force in Hollywood, Tarantino is distinguished for his signature aesthetic (including a penchant for extraordinary, but sometimes humorously rendered) violence, long sequences of dialogue in which characters examine subjects such as cheeseburgers and pop songs in exhaustive detail, and a glorification of popular culture in general and B-movies in particular. Aside from the qualities of his movies themselves, Tarantino is noted for the fact that he achieved success outside of the Hollywood mainstream as a video store clerkcum-independent filmmaker who cobbled together $1.5 million to make his first picture. As such he has offered an example to other aspiring cineasts, and his enormous financial and critical success—Pulp Fiction won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, an Academy Award for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen, and other awards—has gained the attention of Hollywood. Thus Tarantino has emerged, as he observed somewhat derisively in a 1997 interview with New York Times Magazine, as "an adjective": "Every third script out there," he said, "is described as 'Tarantino-esque.'"
Biographical Information
Tarantino was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1963, and was reportedly named after a Burt Reynolds character on television. In 1965, when he was two years old, his mother Connie left his father and moved to California, bringing Tarantino with her. Still a teenager, Connie, who later became a corporate executive, settled in Harbor City, a middle-class neighborhood that bordered on rougher areas. Among the latter was the town of Carson, which included a theatre where Tarantino regularly attended movies. Though he was a bright child, he suffered from hyperactivity, and did poorly in school. Finally, having failed several grades, he dropped out of the ninth grade when he was fifteen or sixteen years old. He went to work as an usher at a pornographic movie theatre and studied acting, but except for a bit part as an Elvis impersonator on the television show "Golden Girls" in 1990, achieved little success as an actor. At age twenty-two, he went to work at Video Archives, which he has referred to as "the best video store in the Los Angeles area." The job, which he held for five years, gave him important exposure to a wide variety of films, and he and coworker Roger Avary—another future filmmaker—would often see four movies a day. In 1990, Tarantino and Avary went to work with producer John Langley, a regular video store customer, and moved to Hollywood. There they began developing the all-important contacts, most notably with producer Lawrence Bender, necessary in the world of filmmaking, and raised $1.5 million. In film terms, it was a shoestring budget at best; but it was enough to make Reservoir Dogs, which grossed many times that sum. With the release of the film two years later, and the resulting critical attention, Tarantino was propelled to stardom on a level seldom enjoyed by the people behind the camera. Though he has acted in a number of movies, most of these are roles either in his own films, or cameos in those of others. Director Tony Scott bought one of Tarantino's early screenplays, which became True Romance (1993), and a story by Tarantino became the basis for Oliver Stone's Natural Born Killers (1994). Tarantino and Stone disagreed over the latter picture, however, and Tarantino disclaimed all involvement in the resulting film, even delaying release of Pulp Fiction until later that year in order to further establish his distance from it. As for Pulp Fiction, Tarantino again managed to make a film on a relatively small budget, $8 million, and this time enjoyed even greater critical and commercial success. Along with his emerging notoriety, Tarantino began to establish himself as a Hollywood businessman. Having formed A Band Apart, his production company, in 1991, he later formed commercial and music subsidiaries, and in 1995 established Rolling Thunder, a specialty distribution company. During the mid-1990s, he played small roles in the making of several films, including an uncredited rewrite on Scott's Crimson Tide in 1995. He also worked with Robert Rodriguez, another independent filmmaking sensation whose El Mariachi was remade for U.S. audiences as Desperado (with a cameo by Tarantino), on From Dusk Till Dawn (1995). In 1997, Tarantino released his third movie as writer and director, Jackie Brown, based on the novel Rum Punch by Elmore Leonard.
Major Works
Just as Tarantino's films are peppered with references to other directors' movies, Reservoir Dogs appears to be modeled on Stanley Kubrick's The Killing (1956), a dispassionate post mortem on a robbery. The storyline of Tarantino's film is simple: an aging crime boss gathers a group of criminals, who are given colors (e.g., Mr. Blonde, Mr. Pink, etc.) instead of names in order to protect their identities, and plans a jewelry-store heist. But one of the men is a cop, and the robbery—which itself is never depicted—goes terribly wrong. The film plays tricks with time, shifting backward and forward, for instance from a long scene in a pancake house before the heist to a short vignette of a horribly wounded gangster just after it. After a series of temporal disjunctions, the action ultimately returns to a warehouse where the robbers have gathered to square off against one another in an attempt to find the traitor. As notable as the temporal shifts are the film's stylistic touches: the brutal violence against the 1970s musical soundtrack, the use of matching anonymous black suits by the color-designated robbers, and the long quasi-philosophical discussions which take place in the stage-like warehouse. True Romance similarly involves a crime, or series of crimes, that have gone wrong; but whereas Pulp Fiction takes place in a world of men, without benefit of female characters, at the center of True Romance is, as its name implies, a love story. The central figures, Clarence and the prostitute Alabama, are thrown together by circumstances, and when Clarence kills Alabama's pimp and steals a bag containing a fortune in cocaine, they are forced on a cross-country race against federal agents and a crime boss. Like Reservoir Dogs, True Romance ends in a bloodbath, but with a twist. Pulp Fiction, in contrast, actually begins with a standoff, or rather with events leading up to a standoff; but in a "Tarantino-esque" inversion of time sequence. The viewer will not return to the opening scene, and thus know what comes next, until the end of the movie. Pulp Fiction is comprised of several plots, most of them surrounding a drug lord named Marsellus. There is a subplot involving two hit men employed by him; one centering on Marsellus's alluring wife, who suffers a near-fatal heroin overdose while out on the town with one of the hit men; as well as a sequence involving a boxer who double-crosses Marsellus and flees for his life, only to find himself in a position to save the man who wants to kill him. In the final scene, one of the hit men makes a decision to leave his life of crime; already the audience has seen a segment that takes place later in time, in which the other henchman confronts the results of his own refusal to do so. "The Man from Hollywood," Tarantino's section in Four Rooms (1995), for which he and three other directors made segments, is much simpler, and revolves around an attempt to reenact a hair-raising scene from an Alfred Hitchcock television show in which Steve McQueen bets Peter Lorre his little finger than he can get his lighter to light ten times in a row. In From Dusk Till Dawn Tarantino presents an unusual combination of a straightforward bank robber getaway story with a tale of Mexican vampires. His next film, Jackie Brown, uncharacteristically features a female protagonist. The title character and heroine is an underpaid flight attendant who earns extra money by helping an arms dealer, Ordell, launder money. When she is caught by the police, Ordell, fearing that she will turn him in, wants to eliminate her. On this backbone of plot are formed numerous other subplots, most notably ones involving a tender-hearted bail bondsman who comes to Jackie's rescue, and the federal agents who goad her into helping them. All her adversaries underestimate Jackie, as a sequence surrounding the transfer of a bag containing money serves to illustrate. More complex than Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction in terms of character development, Jackie Brown also follows an essentially linear progression of events that relies upon fewer temporal shifts to move the story along.
Critical Reception
Reviewers have been as quick to praise Tarantino for aspects of his style as they have been to condemn what many consider his excessive use of violence. As critics note, one of the most memorable parts of Reservoir Dogs is a gruesome scene in which Mr. Blonde cuts off a police officer's ear while the 1970s hit "Stuck in the Middle with You" plays in the background. Likewise, Pulp Fiction features a brutal S & M homosexual rape scene, along with a large body count. His penchant for violence and degradation has prompted some reviewers to compare Tarantino's early work to French dramatist Antonin Artaud's Theater of Cruelty. However, as critics observe, Jackie Brown is relatively restrained with regard to bloodshed. This has led several reviewers to suggest that Tarantino is mellowing, and many have noted signs of maturation with regard to character development and his treatment of love. Whereas Pulp Fiction takes place entirely in a man's world, Jackie Brown includes a touching, unconsummated relationship between the bail bondsman and the title character. Though Tarantino has proven less likely to exploit bloodshed or sex in his latest film, he has, as critics observe, maintained another aspect of his style: an attitude towards pop culture, including B-movies, old TV shows, and other paraphernalia of mass media, that wavers between veneration and satire. The opening scene of Reservoir Dogs, in which Mr. Brown (played by Tarantino himself) offers a memorable exegesis of Madonna's 1985 hit "Like a Virgin," and the long discussion about cheeseburgers between the two hoodlums in Pulp Fiction are frequently cited as emblematic of his style. Tarantino's contributions to True Romance and Four Rooms were panned by most reviewers, and From Dusk Till Dawn received mixed assessment. While Tarantino's detractors dismiss his work as derivative, sensational, and nihilistic, others praise his films for their eccentric humor, wit, and unpretentious democratic perspective. As Tarantino commented in a 1997 interview with New York Times Magazine: "I don't believe in elitism. I don't think the audience is this dumb person lower than me. I am the audience."
Principal Works
Reservoir Dogs (film) 1992
True Romance (screenplay) 1993
Pulp Fiction (film) 1994
Four Rooms [with Alexandre Rockwell, Allison Anders, and Robert Rodriguez] (film) 1995
From Dusk Till Dawn [with Robert Rodriguez] (film) 1996
Jackie Brown (film) 1997
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Kenneth Turan (review date 23 October 1992)
SOURCE: "'Reservoir Dogs,' Tarantino's Brash Debut Film, Announces a Director to Be Reckoned With," in Los Angeles Times, October 23, 1992, pp. F1, F14.
[In the following review, Turan offers qualified evaluation of Reservoir Dogs. While praising Tarantino's "undeniable skill," Turan objects to his preoccupation with "operatic violence."]
Like it or not (and many people will have their doubts), writer-director Quentin Tarantino has arrived, in your face and on the screen. His brash debut film, Reservoir Dogs, a showy but insubstantial comic opera of violence, is as much a calling card as a movie, an audacious high-wire act announcing that he is here and...
(The entire section is 872 words.)
Manohla Dargis (essay date November 1992)
SOURCE: "Who's Afraid of Red, Yellow, and Blonde?," in Artforum, Vol. 31, No. 3, November, 1992, p. 11.
[In the following essay, Dargis examines the depiction of male violence in Reservoir Dogs.]
Let me tell you what "Like a Virgin"'s about. It's about this cooz who's a regular fuckin' machine. I'm talkin' mornin' day night afternoon dick dick dick dick dick dick dick dick dick.
Then one day she meets this John Holmes motherfucker and it's like, Whoa baby. I mean this cat is like Charles Bronson in The Great Escape: he's diggin' tunnels. All right, she's gettin' some serious dick action and she's feelin'...
(The entire section is 1226 words.)
Stanley Kauffmann (review date 23 November 1992)
SOURCE: "Blood Lines," in New Republic, November 23, 1992, pp. 30-1.
[In the following review, Kauffmann offers tempered praise for Reservoir Dogs.]
How happy the human race must be these days. Photography and cinematography have done so much to further our age-old appetite for the sanguine. It's as if, after many centuries of waiting, those of us who do not actually hack or bludgeon now have the chance to see the hacked and bludgeoned. The latest Granta has a piece by Luc Sante—part of a new book called Evidence—that consists of police-file photographs of murder victims with his critical comments on them. In his aesthetic study of these...
(The entire section is 1143 words.)
Jonathan Romney (review date 8 January 1993)
SOURCE: "Partners in Crime," in New Statesman & Society, January 8, 1993, pp. 34, 36.
[In the following review, Romney offers favorable assessment of Reservoir Dogs.]
Who said the devil doesn't have all the best tunes? In 1971, A Clockwork Orange shocked everyone rigid because its droog Alex liked to choreograph his ultraviolence to a Beethoven soundtrack. Twenty years on, things are a little more flip. In Quentin Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs (on general release), Michael Madsen's psycho gangster Mr Blonde tortures a policeman to Stealer's Wheel singing "Stuck In The Middle with You".
It's a deeply unsettling scene to watch, not just...
(The entire section is 657 words.)
Kenneth Turan (review date 10 September 1993)
SOURCE: "Gunfight at the Hokey Corral," in Los Angeles Times, September 10, 1993, pp. F1, F8.
[In the following review, Turan offers negative assessment of True Romance.]
It is hard to say what is more dispiriting about True Romance, the movie itself or the fact that someone somewhere is sure to applaud its hollow, dime-store nihilism and smug pseudo-hip posturing as a bright new day in American cinema.
In truth this latest example of Hollywood's growing fascination with Bad Boy Chic (the kind of films where the men are violence-prone misfits and the women gasp and coo) has all the originality of a paper cup. A derivative dead end that pushes...
(The entire section is 708 words.)
Richard Alleva (review date 22 October 1993)
SOURCE: "Smut in Your Eye: Scott's 'True Romance,'" in Commonweal, October 22, 1993, pp. 22-4.
[In the following review, Alleva offers unfavorable evaluation of True Romance.]
Want to feel like a fool? Go see True Romance. That will do the trick.
For starters, there's the fictional company you will have to keep. The hero is an Elvis-obsessed, moronic piece of white trash named Clarence Worley who, when he's not clerking in a comic-book store (where he reverently samples the product), doesn't get out of his apartment much, although he always treats himself to a Kung-fu triple feature on his birthday. And, get this, his favorite chop-socky star...
(The entire section is 1558 words.)
David Denby (review date 3 October 1994)
SOURCE: "A Thugfest," in New York, October 3, 1994, pp. 96-9.
[In the following review, Denby offers favorable evaluation of Pulp Fiction.]
It's not hard to see why actors have been eager to work with the young writer-director Quentin Tarantino. A bad-boy entertainer, "dark" but playful, Tarantino writes an American gutter rant—golden arias of vituperation interlaced with patches of odd, hilarious formality (the formality functions like an outbreak of classical movement in the middle of a modern-dance concert). His latest, Pulp Fiction, which won the Palme d'Or at Cannes last spring and just opened the New York Film Festival, is an ecstatically entertaining...
(The entire section is 1649 words.)
Peter Travers (review date 6 October 1994)
SOURCE: "Tarantino's Twist," in Rolling Stone, October 6, 1994, pp. 79-81.
[In the following review, Travers offers high praise for Pulp Fiction.]
Now that Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction has won the Palme d'Or at Cannes, opened the New York Film Festival and made the former video-store clerk a name to suck up to big time in Hollywood, you're probably thinking the writer-director of Reservoir Dogs has sold out his renegade ass. Think again. The proudly disreputable Pulp Fiction (cost: a measly $8 million) is the new King Kong of crime movies. It's an anthology that blends three stories and 12 principal characters into a mesmerizing mosaic of the...
(The entire section is 1152 words.)
Jonathan Romney (review date 8 October 1994)
SOURCE: "A Real Hamburger of a Movie," in New Statesman & Society, October 8, 1994, p. 29.
[In the following review, Romney offers unfavorable assessment of Pulp Fiction.]
I don't have that much to say about Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction, but that's OK, because it has plenty to say for itself. Watching it is like sitting in a diner for hours on end while the guy opposite you simultaneously gabbles away, stuffs his face and juggles balls. Sort of how you'd imagine a dinner date with Tarantino to be.
I loved Reservoir Dogs. Loved the suits, loved the pace, loved the bloodshed, loved the shock of alarm when the film suddenly made you...
(The entire section is 957 words.)
David Wild (essay date 3 November 1994)
SOURCE: "Quentin Tarantino," in Rolling Stone, November 3, 1994, pp. 76-78, 80-1, 110.
[In the following essay, Wild discusses Tarantino's films, career, and artistic influences.]
Quentin Tarantino, madman of movie mayhem, has a mother. How's that for a shocker? She has seen Reservoir Dogs, the 1992 heist film that made a cult sensation of her writer-director-actor son and raised the stakes on movie gore with a 10-minute torture scene featuring the severing of an ear. "That happens to be my mother's favorite scene," says Tarantino, 31, a high-school dropout who has gone from video-store clerk to genius auteur du jour in just a few feverishly busy years. Mom has...
(The entire section is 4276 words.)
T. J. Binyon (review date 11 November 1994)
SOURCE: "Hot Shot," in Times Literary Supplement, November 11, 1994, p. 26.
[In the following review, Binyon offers favorable assessment of Pulp Fiction.]
Quentin Tarantino's latest film, Pulp Fiction, opens and closes in a Los Angeles coffee shop. In the prologue, a young couple, Pumpkin (Tim Roth) and Honey Bunny (Amanda Plummer), are contemplating over breakfast a change in business methods: robbing coffee shops instead of liquor stores. Two and a half hours later, the epilogue returns to the same place at the same time. Drawing their 32s, Pumpkin and Honey Bunny leap on to the coffee-shop tables to put theory into practice. Within this circular frame three...
(The entire section is 1078 words.)
Stanley Kauffmann (review date 14 November 1994)
SOURCE: "Shooting Up," in New Republic, November 14, 1994, pp. 26-7.]
[In the following review, Kauffmann offers unfavorable evaluation of Pulp Fiction.]
By now everybody knows that Quentin Tarantino is the happiest man in the world. Not so many years ago he was a clerk in a California video store, devouring film film film. Then he tried to break into filmmaking himself, first by writing scripts. It took years to get in. But those video days and the buff-dom of his boyhood sustained him, and now he is where he dreamed of being. He is making the films that will stock those video stores. Some younger aspirant will sell Tarantino tapes.
About his grit...
(The entire section is 1263 words.)
Richard Alleva (review date 18 November 1994)
SOURCE: "Beaten to a Pulp," in Commonweal, November 18, 1994, pp. 30-1.
[In the following review, Alleva offers favorable evaluation of Pulp Fiction.]
Maybe you have to be able to see through Quentin Tarantino before you can enjoy him. Like all his previous movies, Pulp Fiction is packed with violent larcenies, shootouts, drug deals, mob executions, gangland politicking, and (a Tarantino specialty) heavy-duty, sadistically gloating speeches made by hitmen to their victims just before the bullet to the brain is dispatched. No wonder that this latest Hollywood wunderkind has been labeled the "hot high priest of film ultra-violence," "the Sultan of Sadism,"...
(The entire section is 1496 words.)
Dennis Cooper (essay date March 1995)
SOURCE: "Minor Magic," in Artforum, Vol. 33, No. 7, March, 1995, pp. 63-6, 110.
[In the following essay, Cooper discusses the appeal of Tarantino's dialogue and cinematic presentation.]
There should be a dozen youngish American filmmakers as inspired as Quentin Tarantino. Then it would be easier to designate him a quirkily brilliant minor director, which is what he is. But even with his rather glaring limitations—stagey archetypal characters, short- and long-term memory problems, a lazy visual sense—there's so much finely tuned energy in his films compared to most of his contemporaries. Tarantino really is one of the few post-Martin Scorsese directors capable of...
(The entire section is 941 words.)
Gary Indiana (essay date March 1995)
SOURCE: "Geek Chic," in Artforum, Vol. 33, No. 7, March, 1995, pp. 63-6, 104, 108.
[In the following essay. Indiana discusses the depiction of black experience, violence, and masculinity in Tarantino's films.]
Like O.J. Simpson and Newt Gingrich, Quentin Tarantino has become one of those cosmically disseminated mirages that even the most resolute ascetic living in a hole somewhere becomes aware of "through the media." For us ordinary folks who consume magazines and TV programs haphazardly, he—like O.J., like Newt—has acquired the pull of a vortex into which all conversation eventually spills. Edgy from coffee nerves, verbally diarrheic, a study in hip geekiness or...
(The entire section is 1244 words.)
Robin Wood (essay date March 1995)
SOURCE: "Slick Shtick," in Artforum, Vol. 33, No. 7, March, 1995, pp. 63-6, 110.
[In the following essay, Wood discusses elements of satire, violence, and homophobia in Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction.]
American culture generally enjoys cleverness: it is so much easier to grasp than real intelligence, so much less challenging and dangerous. Cleverness doesn't disturb, it keeps people happy, gives them "kicks," it's all slick fun. And Americans are supposed to be happy—isn't this the land of equal opportunity, so if you're not happy it's your own fault, there must be something wrong with you. Cleverness helps you to forget that things might be different,...
(The entire section is 1197 words.)
Jack Mathews (review date 25 December 1995)
SOURCE: "'Four Rooms' No Showcase for Quartet of Filmmakers," in Los Angeles Times, December 25, 1996, p. F12.
[In the following review, Mathews offers negative assessment of Four Rooms.]
Alexandre Rockwell, who came up with the idea for the anthology comedy Four Rooms, says of the characters in his segment, "They are walking the line, and when you walk the line, sometimes you fall into hell and sometimes you trip into heaven."
Moviegoers run the same risk every time they plunk down the price of a ticket, and those who do so for this film will soon feel the heat of Satan's breath.
It's not enough to say that Four Rooms...
(The entire section is 811 words.)
Jack Mathews (review date 19 January 1996)
SOURCE: "Add Horror, Drama, Robbers, a Biker Bar; Blend on High," in Los Angeles Times, January 19, 1996, pp. F1, F8.
[In the following review, Mathews offers unfavorable assessment of From Dusk Till Dawn.]
As both a veteran video store clerk and movie junkie, Quentin Tarantino knows that "The Desperate Hours" belongs in the drama section and "Night of the Living Dead" in the horror. So where, if he had his old job, would he rack Robert Rodriguez's From Dusk Till Dawn, which, in the blink of an eye, shifts from the first genre to the second, all in the name of comedy?
Tarantino wrote From Dusk Till Dawn in 1990 for a reported fee of...
(The entire section is 728 words.)
Lyall Bush (essay date January-February 1996)
SOURCE: "Doing Brando," in Film Comment, Vol. 32, No. 1, January-February, 1996, pp. 83-8.
[In the following essay, Bush examines the persona of violent male characters in Tarantino's films, especially as derived from earlier crime genre films and performances by Marlon Brando.]
Back in the early Fifties, a solid decade before Quentin Tarantino was born into Knoxville, Tennessee poverty, Marlon Brando, young and still hard, was re-surveying the horizon of passion for postwar American men. He carved out low swales of improvisatory naturalism, and shaped patches of dark mumbling where rash and grievous outbursts could feel at home with the new Beat preference for the raw...
(The entire section is 4651 words.)
Lynn Hirschberg (interview date 16 November 1997)
SOURCE: "The Man Who Changed Everything," in New York Times Magazine, November 16, 1997, pp. 112, 114-5, 117.
[In the following interview, Tarantino discusses his films and the Hollywood movie industry.]
Quentin Tarantino, in shorts and a T-shirt, is padding around his palatial mansion in the Hollywood Hills on a Sunday afternoon in late October. He has lived here less than a year, and the previous occupant, the pop singer Richard Marx, left most of his overstuffed furniture behind. Tarantino has added some touches: movie posters are strewn everywhere; there are bronze sculptures of characters from Reservoir Dogs, his first movie, and Pulp Fiction; a...
(The entire section is 3589 words.)
Todd McCarthy (review date 22 December 1997)
SOURCE: A review of Jackie Brown, in Variety, December 22, 1997, pp. 57-8.
[In the following review, McCarthy offers tempered criticism of Jackie Brown.]
Facing the daunting task of making a third feature that could measure up to Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction, not to mention one that would disarm the detractors ready to pounce on him no matter what, Quentin Tarantino treads turf that is both familiar and fresh in Jackie Brown. Unquestionably too long, and lacking the snap and audaciousness of the pictures that made him the talk of the town, this narratively faithful but conceptually imaginative adaptation of Elmore Leonard's novel "Rum...
(The entire section is 1299 words.)
Kenneth Turan (review date 24 December 1997)
SOURCE: "Tarantino Lets Attitude Show in 'Jackie,'" in Los Angeles Times, December 24, 1997, pp. F2, F12.
[In the following review, Turan offers unfavorable assessment of Jackie Brown.]
Unlikely as it sounds, Jackie Brown is Quentin Tarantino's idea of a nice film. Not that it's everyone's idea of nice: This hotbed of industrial-strength profanity isn't headed for the Disney Channel any time soon. But motivating the writer-director here is not his usual impulse toward outrageousness but what has to be called a sweet desire to pay tribute to two key influences in his creative life, writer Elmore Leonard and star Pam Grier.
This is Tarantino's...
(The entire section is 710 words.)
Todd F. Davis and Kenneth Womack (essay date January 1998)
SOURCE: "Sheparding the Weak: The Ethics of Redemption in Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction," in Literature-Film Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 1, January, 1998, pp. 60-6.
[In the following essay, Davis and Womack explore themes of moral development and spiritual conversion in Pulp Fiction. According to the critics, "Beyond the hazy lens of Tarantino's deliberately dark gangland tableau … Pulp Fiction proffers a fictional universe where miracles still happen, where love can still make a difference."]
Although a number of critics in the popular press laud Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction (1994) for its non-linear narrative, quirky performances, and...
(The entire section is 3811 words.)
Peter Travers (review date 22 January 1998)
SOURCE: "Return of a Foxy Mama," in Rolling Stone, January 22, 1998, pp. 61-2.
[In the following review, Travers offers high praise for Jackie Brown.]
Sorry to disappoint those who longed to see Quentin Tarantino fall on his famously flashy ass, but the overlong, overindulgent Jackie Brown—the Q man's first feature as a writer and director since Pulp Fiction, in 1994—scores a knockout just the same. Loaded with action, laughs, smart dialogue and potent performances, Jackie Brown is most memorable for its unexpected feeling. Tarantino adapts Elmore Leonard's 1992 crime novel, Rum Punch, without losing the author's compassion for...
(The entire section is 809 words.)
Further Reading
Bowman, James. "On the Q.T." American Spectator 29, No. 11 (November 1996): 72-3.
Discusses Tarantino's negative influence on other filmmakers.
Denby, David. "The Good Enough Mother." New York (20 September 1993): 64-5.
A negative review of True Romance.
Gallafent, Edward. "Geek Makes Good." Times Literary Supplement (16 February 1996): 21.
Discusses Tarantino's films and career through review of Wensley Clarkson's Quentin Tarantino: Shooting From the Hip, Jami...
(The entire section is 113 words.)


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13406 E. Philadelphia St. Whittier, CA 90608
Whittier College currently operates campus chapters of each of the following national honor societies. Members of these organizations are selected based on criteria such as grade point average, and, in general, exhibit a keen dedication to scholarship, service, and leadership.
Omicron Delta Kappa (ODK)
Faculty Advisors: Wendy Furman-Adams, Fritz Smith
Recognizing those who have obtained a high standard of efficiency in collegiate activities, ODK brings together the most representative students in all phases of collegiate life, from athletics and artistry to service and scholarship. The ODK membership seeks to foster and help shape the host college's engagement in questions of local and intercollegiate interest.
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text: Theisen Latest Piper To Get Nationally RankedWelcome to the club, Maria Theisen. The sophomore ran the 800 meters in 2:15.48 at the Hamline Twilight Meet April 25 at Klas Field. That is currently the 33rd best time among Division III women track and field competitors in the latest rankings released by the USTFCCCA (United States Track and Field and Cross Country Coaches Association). As has been the case most of the season, junior Becky Culp has a dual national listing among track's elite. Culp is 10th in the Discus (144-0) and sits 14th in the Shot Put (43-5 3/4). Brenna Coyle is the other HU women's member in the Top Ten, ranking seventh in the Hammer with a 173-2 effort. Shawny Kramer, a freshman is tied for 18th at 164-4. As a results of a good day at last week's Hamline Invitational, HU ranks 10th in the central region this week. In addition to Theisen's performance, Stephanie Jenkins sits second regionally in the Pole Vault (11- 1/4). Culp earned a third regional ranking, sitting seventh in the Hammer (156-5). The Pipers will have a few hectic days as they prep for next week's MIAC meet in Moorhead. On May 2, they will take part in the Tommie Twilight meet at O'Shaughnessy Stadium on the UST campus. They return to Klas Field May 4-5 for the annual Meet Of the Unsaintly. The annual meet draws one of the best field around every year. Augsburg, Bethel, Carleton, Concordia-St. Paul, Gustavus, Macalester, St. Kates, St. Thomas, St. Scholastica, U of Minnesota, Minnesota-Duluth, Minnesota State-Mankato and Minnesota State-Moorhead are scheduled to be on hand to challenge the Pipers. Individual rankings here


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City Needs Vision For Future
Midway through his fourth term as mayor, Sam Teresi finds himself with a golden opportunity.
Teresi is interviewing candidates to replace the recently retired Steve Centi as the city's development director and head of the Jamestown Urban Renewal Agency. The mayor recently told City Council members he wants a candidate who has business ownership experience and knowledge of the local governmental process as well as dedication to the revitalization of the greater Jamestown area.
The mayor should add to that list someone who has a specific vision for the Jamestown of the future.
The next development director faces many of the same challenges Centi faced. Cuts in federal CDBG and HOME money have cut the resources available to the department. The next director also inherits a department that spends much of its time on code enforcement and grant paperwork as the city tries to revitalize its aging housing stock. It's part of the job, but it shouldn't be the entire job. Centi himself told The Post-Journal in December that Department of Development is largely a "misnomer" for his department in terms of mission and resources.
That needs to change.
The city needs an infusion of taxable assessment that comes from large-scale development. It needs an active person helping to fill the city's many vacant buildings and to work in concert with the Jamestown Renaissance Corp. to bring all available resources to bear in neighborhood redevelopment. The city needs a person advocating on behalf of Jamestown as a place for businesses to locate, for its events and festivals and for people to come buy a home. The city needs to have a person selling the benefits of the Jamestown to all who will listen – not the least of whom are investors with deep, job creating pockets.
Jamestown needs to begin rebuilding the wave of momentum it rode in the early 2000s, when the development department was actively involved in the building of two hotels, three drug stores, new retail development on North Main Street and, of course, the ongoing west end development spurred by the Jamestown Savings Bank Arena.
Developers aren't beating down to the door right now to build in Jamestown – which means Jamestown needs a person actively working to match development opportunities to developers.
Make it happen, Mr. Mayor.


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Xerox Phaser 7400 Toner Cartridges
The Xerox Phaser 7400 laser toner cartridges from LD Products are professionally remanufactured laser cartridges that are guaranteed to meet or exceed the print quality of the OEM Xerox Phaser 7400 laser toner cartridges. Our Xerox Phaser 7400 remanufactured laser toner has new parts including wiper blades and other internal components. Purchasing our Xerox Phaser 7400 cartridges is an excellent way to save money without sacrificing quality. Our Xerox Phaser 7400 laser toner cartridges have a 'Two Year 100% Quality Satisfaction Guarantee'. The use of our remanufactured laser toner cartridges for the Xerox Phaser 7400 does not void your printer's warranty. OEM Xerox brand laser toners and supplies are also available for your Xerox Phaser 7400. More


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We offer discount to nonprofits, government agencies, and federal contractors
AILA makes recommendations to restore due process for Central American children, families, and adults seeking asylum and legal protection at our border. Read Report Today
AILA Doc. No. 06041362 | Dated April 13, 2006
S. 2611 and S. 2612 reflect the Hagel-Martinez compromise modifying the Senate Judiciary Committee's immigration reform bill plus a variety of new provisions (including some of the amendments that were pending when the bill was pulled from the Floor by Senator Frist). Though the bills are identical in content except for the order of the sponsors, S. 2611 and S. 2612 would be subject to different procedural paths. The bill with Specter as the lead sponsor could be treated as a new bill that could be marked up in the Judiciary Committee once again. The bill with Hagel and Martinez as the lead sponsors could be brought straight to the Senate Floor under Rule 14.
Cite as AILA Doc. No. 06041362.
American Immigration Lawyers Association
1331 G Street NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20005
Copyright © 1993-2017
American Immigration Lawyers Association.


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Friday, December 14, 2012
ATR Inaugurates Flight Training Center in Singapore
ATR inaugurated its new flight training center in Singapore on Friday at a ceremony. The new center is located at the Seletar Aerospace Park, with the capacity to train 600 pilots and aircraft maintenance technicians per year.
"We are pleased to expand our presence with this new training facility focused on the rapidly growing regional carrier market in South East Asia," said ATR's CEO Filippo Bagnato.
The center's flight training equipment has EASA certification and the capability to train pilots and maintenance crew on a variety of ATR aircraft, including all ATR 42-600s and ATR 72-600s variants. The Singapore facility is ATR's fourth training location worldwide, adding to its other facilities in France and Africa. More


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Share the pics of the aged puer tea I drink today. This is my first time to drink such an old raw puer tea in my past tea years.
It make me feel amazing and incredible.
It's weird, when I drinking this tea today, the taste and aroma make me feel a little bit sad, and my friend has the similar feeling with me...
Anyone can guess, how old it is? And any more guesses about it?


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Ciofani Cinemas, INC.
Our approach to the designing and integration of Home Theatre/ Multi-Purpose rooms was established as a result of going through the many processes you are about to under take. Many of the issues that arise from design and integration are minimized because of our real world experiences. Our knowledge and experience comes from the extensive amount of time and research put into designing and developing our initial 2000sq/ft. multipurpose room. Like you we started on the outside looking into an industry as diverse as any around. We had our share of troubles, misleading statements and lack of knowledge that ultimately resulted in additional expenses to our project.
Allow us to share with you how our experiences and research in Home Cinemas, 3D television, Golf Simulators, Multipurpose rooms, Whole home Integration & automation, Programming, Planning & Design can make the dream of owning a home theater enjoyable and memorable. We have two working showrooms located in Fort Myers & Naples. We welcome everyone to come see first hand everything from lighting concepts, flat screen TV's to projectors. (By Appointment Only)
The word "Specialized" is used quite frequently use in this industry, to us at Ciofani Cinemas it has a unique meaning, to us it means making sure the most knowledgeable people come together to design and develop your dream of the perfect home theater. We work hand in hand with You, Your Builder, Architect and Interior designer. We will even go that extra mile and invite representatives from the largest distributors and Suppliers to help us make sure your getting the latest technology available. Please locate our page that identifies our partners and affiliates.


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All three boys had great ...
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Comments about Go to Press!™ - A Grammar , Proofreading Game:
All three boys had great fun putting newspapers together. It helped them think about grammar, spelling, punctuation, capital letters and verb tense.
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text: Trunk Show A master craftsman in the intricate art of luxury trunk making, Frank Tioni devotes hundreds of hours to creating a single piece. June 28, 2012 5:19 p.m. ET June 28, 2012 5:19 p.m. ET Article Not Supported We're sorry but this article contains media that is not currently supported in this app. You will be redirected to the article on wsj.com in 5 seconds. If you are not redirected automatically, click this link.... To Read the Full Story, Subscribe or Sign In Most Popular Videos Opinion Journal: Climate Change Meltdown Why Processed Cheese and Ground Coffee Are Disappearing Samsung Heir Lee Jae-yong's Potential Arrest: Explained Cargo-Plane Crash in Kyrgyzstan Kills More Than 30 Trump Says He'll Make Trade Deal With U.K. After Brexit Vote Most Popular Articles More Democratic Legislators Plan on Sitting Out Trump's Swearing-In Trump Warns on House GOP Tax Plan Pulling Retirement Cash, but Not by Choice The Wrong Way to Speak to Children Democrats' Fissures Re-Emerge as Party Seeks New Leader


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About the Author: Nora Toiv serves in the Office of the Secretary of State.
Today, New York University (NYU) graduates filled the seats of Yankee fans and NYU's faculty, trustees, and honored guests occupied the spots of Alex Rodriguez, Derek Jeter, Robinson Cano, and Mark Teixeira.
As a Yankee fan and an NYU grad, I was ecstatic to sit in the dugout and listen to an inspiring, global call to action delivered by Secretary Clinton, NYU's commencement speaker this year.
Two years ago, I graduated from New York University in Washington Square Park. When I left NYU, I headed to Washington to work for then-Senator Clinton, and I was delighted to return to NYU with the country's newest Secretary of State.
The Secretary's speech reminded me of why I'm working in public service and how important young people are to forming global policy. She encouraged the crowd to pursue global service and to use technology to become more involved in global politics. NYU's dedication to study abroad programs and to attracting students from around the world made the NYU commencement ceremony the perfect venue for the Secretary's pitch.
"We can sit on the sidelines," she said. "We can wring our hands; we can retreat into cynicism, and we know what the results will be. We will cede the field to those whose ideologies are absolutely anathema to people of conscience and faith all over the world."
She also made the excellent point that the State Department is hiring, and I hope she inspired some of my fellow NYU grads to apply. For the members of the Class of 2009 who already have jobs, I hope they will consider becoming "citizen diplomats" and "citizen activists." The Secretary's new Virtual Student Foreign Service (VSFS) internships sounded especially accessible and interesting for any young person considering the Foreign Service.
Next year NYU will hold commencement back in Washington Square Park and our Yankee Stadium days will be over. I'm grateful to have returned to NYU with the person who inspires me most, passing on her wisdom and congratulations to the class of 2009.
Conor in Washington, DC writes:
nice post, Nora. glad to see you are blogging. But I confess I think the OMB's blog is cooler...
Rosemary in New Jersey writes:
Thanks for the post, Nora. I couldn't watch the podcast today, so I was glad to see the address posted so quickly.
Congratulations to Hillary on this honor which she richly deserves (and thanks for gracing the new stadium with your presence -- we'll surely have a winning season now). Wonderful speech -- beautifully delivered.
When we bring international students in, we need to remember that aspiring teachers of EFL are much more effective when trained in the U.S. than in non-English speaking countries. Immersion in the language and culture is so important.
The science and tech students who aspire to come here need to have good English teachers in their home countries to prepare them. Financing some aspiring EFL teachers to train for that job helps prepare and attract international students in many disciplines to American universities.
In considering scholarships and grants for international students, please remember the teachers. All university applicants begin in K-12 classrooms. The ability to function in an American university depends on effective EFL teaching in those classrooms. Financing future EFL teachers is like seed money. It exponentially increases the applicants in other fields.
(OK -- that's my pitch. I won't go as far as to advertise for my own university. We can all compete for the applicants. I have to say, Hillary, you have exceptionally forward-looking plans. You always blow me away. You were awesome today.)
Patrick in Maryland writes:
Hi Ya,Nora & Netizens of The Department of States.
I hope you all are having a good week :) . I thought Hillary's speech was very encouraging, like Nora said she is doing a Great Job . It would be nice if some of the students their joined Nora at the States Department. New Idea's are always needed in our government .
Cya..Nora...Thanks for Posting....


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NEW YORK, July 8-A Japanese pharmaceutical development consortium will use Biacore's newest system for analyzing drug/protein interactions, the company said today.
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The Wall Street Journal reports that National Institutes of Health Director Francis Collins' response to contamination concerns at the agency might have delayed care.
The final revision of the Common Rule doesn't include the proposed change requiring consent for leftover biospecimens.
The first Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology papers show mixed results.
In Nature this week: mobile phone-based targeted DNA sequencing, and more.
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Topic: Can only See scaffolding pages within WEBrick and not Apache - OSX
I am just begining to set a test web application for rails. I have created a project, set up and connected to a mysql db, and created scaffolding for my db. However, when accessing my web project though WEBrick I can view all the appropriate scaffold pages but I cannot within apache. I have tried stopping and restarting my apache server and still just get the "Welcome Aboard" page instead of the default scaffold view that allows me to edit, delete ect. It is as if apache is not refreshing my code changes/modifications (Using TextMate as editor).
Any ideas or suggestions on why apache is not showing current project view??


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (199 votes).
In full: Enthusiastic volunteers; football matches taking place across the field to distract from the pain; flat quick course; multis lap - repetitive on one hand but on the next allows you to plot your assault for the finish.Date of review: September 23, 2012
In short: nice community spirit, intimate, flat, scenicIn full: I wouldnt do it again. As a "slower" runner I struggled with the 6 laps. Especially getting lapped twice by the fast clubbers. Very disheartening having to do another lap feeling so hot, tired and seeing other people finished relaxing with lucosade etc. Other than that it was brilliant. Cannot fault any other aspect of the event.Date of review: August 11, 2011
In short: Very friendly, community feel. Excellent for beginners and club runners alikeIn full: I returned to this event for the second time, having first run this race in 2008. The Marshalls etc were incredibly friendly. You could not criticise the spirit of the organisers! Well done on that!On a more professional level, Race distance not officially certified. The starting point had been move about 150-200m back from where we started in 2008. It would be great if the organisers could get the corse distance certified for 2012, together with paying affiliation to English athletics, so that all runners can have their achievement officially recorded. The lack of chip timing is not an issue, but do bring your own stop watch etc and record your own time too.A perfectly flat course. excellent PB potential.Date of review: August 10, 2011
In full: Despite they moved the start by approx. 400m (because last year's distance was too short), a fun race to turn up to. There is no time chip but the staff is very supportive and friendly, water stations every mile. They note your time manually. You are advised to bring your own timing device. The race is held around Hackney Marshes, you cover the circular course 6 times (1 lap is about 2miles). You might think it's dull and gets incredibly boring after a couple of laps, but I personally think it's perfect for pacing. You know exactly how far it is to point x and when it's time to push harder. It is a flat course but not super fast, as you run 50% on grass / dirt / gravel. The scenery is quite nice as well. Very green / canal on both sides.Even if it can get very windy (Hackney Marshes is quite open), it doesn't effect you much, due to running on the trails around the park (bushes & trees on both sides). They spent shade on hot summer days as well. They've got changing facilities / toilets / showers / car park / supervised bag drop / water stations / goody bag / entertainment. It feels like a family day out and the small number of participants (max. 500) makes it a relaxed race where you can actually go for a PB (less traffic). Date of review: August 9, 2011
In short: Flat and lots of water, nice marshalls, great beginner PB courseIn full: Nice flat course for PB's. Bit hot running at 11am but lucky they have water stations every 2 km. Nice goody food bag. Medal could be better quality as I am a medal collector. But certificate a nice touch. Would consider doing it again to beat PB next year.Date of review: August 9, 2011
In short: Generally fun, with a good atmosphereIn full: This was my second time doing the event and I did enjoy it for the most part.My main concern is about the late start- 11am- and then we were 10mins late getting off anyway- all makes for uncomfortable conditions later in the race when it can be very hot. It would make a huge difference to start at least and hour earlier.Chip timing might be something to look at as well as start line was difficult to see.Date of review: August 8, 2011
In short: Fantastic marshalls, and conveniently locatedIn full: Second time running it, and I enjoyed it. The path can be a bit uneven in a few places, managed to nearly go over on my ankle twice, and I've done something funny to my knee but I should've been more careful about where I was stepping. Really love the volunteers, it makes a difference to have someone cheering your name, and being genuinely encouraging. My GPS watch recorded the distance as 21.5km but nobody else appears to have mentioned any distance discrepencies so it might just be the calibrated wrong.Date of review: August 8, 2011
In short: Great day out in greenest HackneyIn full: This is a good low-key event that is a pleasure to participate in. Race around Hackney Marshes alongside River Lea on shaded paths, on the Marsh with a a blast of sun, rain and wind and though the trees. All very pleasant and hope they can put it on again next ear when the Olympics are next door. And jolly upbeat drummers who kept the spectators and the runners entertained. Date of review: August 7, 2011
In short: Overall a decent event. Hard course, so PBs probably not going to happenIn full: Certainly a good event for beginners, perhaps not so good for good club runners. Having said that there was a good mix of abilities at the 2011 event. The course was nice, especially the bits down by the river. The marshalls were all really really friendly and the event organiser came over for a chat afterwards and remembered my name which was nice! Goodie bag was better than most with plenty of stuff. Get a medal too which I know some people find really important.Will probably do it again next year, off-road HMs are hard to find and this was a good one. One thing I would say is that it would be good if they could get a proper race permit and get the results on Powerof10 next year?Date of review: August 7, 2011
In short: Enjoyed myself....In full: Quite well organised, however the website did say we'd have timing chips and it started at 10.30am. No timing chips and a 11am start. Great PB potential as very flat and laps so good chance to understand your pace. Good amount of water stations, seemed to be perfectly positioned. Marshalls very friendly and cheered me on. Medal and little certificate at the end which was quite sweet! it was fun, enjoyed myself.Date of review: August 7, 2011
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Extended maintenance of Ruby 1.9.3 ended on February 23, 2015. Read more
YAML::Store provides the same functionality as PStore, except it uses YAML to dump objects instead of Marshal.
require 'yaml/store' Person = Struct.new :first_name, :last_name people = [Person.new("Bob", "Smith"), Person.new("Mary", "Johnson")] store = YAML::Store.new "test.store" store.transaction do store["people"] = people store["greeting"] = { "hello" => "world" } end
After running the above code, the contents of "test.store" will be:
--- people: - !ruby/struct:Person first_name: Bob last_name: Smith - !ruby/struct:Person first_name: Mary last_name: Johnson greeting: hello: world
Creates a new YAML::Store object, which will store
data in
file_name. If the file does not already exist, it will
be created.
Options passed in through
yaml_opts will be used when
converting the store to YAML via Hash#to_yaml().
# File yaml/store.rb, line 49 def initialize( *o ) @opt = {} if String === o.first super(o.shift) end if o.last.is_a? Hash @opt.update(o.pop) end end
Commenting is here to help enhance the documentation. For example, code samples, or clarification of the documentation.
If you have questions about Ruby or the documentation, please post to one of the Ruby mailing lists. You will get better, faster, help that way.
If you wish to post a correction of the docs, please do so, but also file bug report so that it can be corrected for the next release. Thank you.
If you want to help improve the Ruby documentation, please visit Documenting-ruby.org.


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Boy Scouts
Dear editor:
As usual, when a newspaper discusses an issue where the common sense and more traditional elements of our society come under fire from an increasingly powerful elite and their so-called "progressive" agenda, I find that a recent article on the Boy Scouts debate over allowing homosexual members portrays all opposition to the change in strictly religious terms.
This despite the fact that most of the arguments against it are purely practical arguments – and that not all of this opposition comes from religious leaders!
In fact, it is quite obvious that should the BSA decide to allow it, the results will be catastrophic!
Why do I say this?
Well, on one level, churches are one of the main sponsors of Boy Scout troops – and (no surprise) these are typically from far more conservative denominations, with incredible numbers of Troops sponsored by the Catholic Church alone. Should they make this change thousands of troops will be homeless overnight.
But there is another, far more serious concern: back in the late 80s and 90s, a series of lawsuits over child molestation nearly destroyed the Scouts. Such abuse is most common in situations where potential predators spend lots of time alone with boys. But what most people miss is that this is not necessarily traditional pedophilia. While I am unaware of the actual statistics of these incidents, I know that in the case of the abuse of altar boys in the Catholic Church, nearly all of the abuse started between ages 15 – 16. Certainly, abuse of post-pubescent boys played a large part in the BSA cases.
So why should we believe that homosexual leaders will not find physically mature boys attractive? It would be absurd if they didn't. Somehow our society seems to have lost hold of its common sense, or else we would know that putting someone in a situation where he has to face temptation all the time makes it far more likely that he will give in. Older Catholics will remember that this used to be called an "occasion of sin".
And we also need to remember that the statistical studies of homosexual behavior that are widely available portray them as far more likely to have multiple partners. This only makes it more probable that such incidents will occur.
Should the BSA make the wrong decision, I expect it will destroy them. They will probably be unable to reverse this decision later on, no matter how disastrous the results…
And it is very unlikely that the newspapers will bother to report the real causes of their problems.
Mark Cole


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Keith Danielson
Jan. 28, 1981-April 16, 2013
ELKHORN, Wis. – A memorial gathering for Keith A. Danielson, 32, of Elkhorn, Wis., will be from 3-4 p.m. Sunday at the Kazoku Budokan Martial Arts Academy 325 Kenosha Street Walworth, WI. The Danielson family was assisted by Haase-Lockwood & Associates Funeral Homes and Crematory Elkhorn, Wis.
He died unexpectedly Tuesday, April 16, 2013, at his residence.
He was born Jan. 28, 1981, in Marshall to Daniel Patrick and Janet (Fox) Danielson. Keith was employed with Lavalle Corporation of Burlington, Wis. He was very active in martial arts. Keith had earned a 4th degree black belt in Goju Shorei Karate, 1st degree Tae Kwon Do, 1st degree in Kendo; his greatest passion was Kendo which is the art of Japanese sword fighting. He enjoyed music and played the trombone.
He is survived by his parents: Daniel (and Linda) Danielson of Aikin and Janet Fox of Sanford, Fla; his grandparents: Madalyn McCaffery of Fairmont and John (and Nancy) Fox of Summerfield, Fla.; two sisters: Dana (and Nathan) Weaver and Victoria (and Brian) Ladwig, both of Aikin.; one brother: Frank (and Marnie) DuChane of New Providence, Iowa; several nieces and nephews and many other relatives and friends.