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What should you eat before, during and after 26.2 miles? Find out in our marathon nutrition guide.
You�ve logged countless miles on the pavement. Mentally, you�re prepared to tackle the distance, all 26.2 miles of it. But no matter how much time and energy you�ve spent training for your first marathon, what you�ve eaten for breakfast can make or break your race. Whether you�re competing in a marathon, triathlon or 5K, proper nutrition can help you get ahead of the pack, says professional triathlete Linsey Corbin. �As athletes, we're always stressing our bodies and pushing our physical limits. In order to do that, you have to support yourself nutritionally,� says Corbin, who has knocked out 15 Ironman competitions to date since 2006, finishing in the top 10 almost every single race. RELATED: Marathon Training Program for Walkers To power through the grueling Iron Man races�which consist of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bicycle ride and a marathon 26.2 mile-run�Linsey recognizes the importance of proper nutrition. Below, the seasoned marathoner offers her expert tips for what to eat before, during and after the big day to ensure optimal performance and recovery. Week before the event: In the days leading up to the event, focus on consuming a high-quality, wholesome diet rich in fruit, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains. Limit processed foods and dairy. �I eat really cleanly,� Linsey says. "Lots of fruits and vegetables and protein." Night before the race: The old-school train of thought was that athletes should �carbo-load� the night before a race. Now, however, nutritionists are recommending marathoners to steer clear from big, carb-dense bowls of pasta; it�s important to get some protein, too. The night before an Iron Man, Linsey eats a clean, well-balanced meal consisting of a protein, a serving of whole-grains and vegetables. �A typical meal for me is grilled chicken, a sweet potato, some couscous, broccoli and a little dark chocolate for dessert,� she explains. [caption id="attachment_116923" align="aligncenter" width="300"] Professional triathlete Linsey Corbin cycles in MIssoula, MT[/caption] 2-3 hours before the event: The morning of the event, eat a breakfast that�s low in fiber and easy-to-digest. Linsey�s go-to breakfast? A cup of coffee, peanut butter on toast, and a bowl of KAMUT� wheat cereal with almonds and Keifer. �I try to eat a good mix of carbs and protein to power me through the first leg of the event,� Linsey explains. Most importantly, she adds, now is not the time to try out a new energy drink or food product. �Don�t introduce any new foods,� Linsey recommends. �Stick with what you know.� During the event: �You only have enough calories in a decent-sized breakfast to get you so far throughout an event,� Linsey says. She recommends fueling during any race that is over an hour and a half. �You should aim to take in 200 to 400 calories every two hours, depending on your size and whether you�re male or female,� she says. Linsey recommends bringing along quick, easily-digestible sources of energy, such as Clif bloks. As far as hydration during longer events, she suggests drinking electrolyte-enhanced beverages like Gatorade, which is often provided at many event stations. Immediately after the event: �It�s important to get calories on immediately,� Corbin says. �Chocolate milk is always my go-to after a race. It�s tasty, and it has a perfect ratio of carbohydrates and protein, which is really important for recovery.� 2-3 hours after the event: Aim to get a balanced, substantial meal that combines protein and carbohydrates. �Usually 2-3 hours after the event, I�m ready to sit down and eat a proper meal,� Cobin says. �I usually treat myself to a burger, sweet potato fries and a milkshake.� Week after the event: Long races can deplete your nutrient stores, so it�s important to consume an iron-rich diet to aid with recovery. �In the days following a big endurance event, that�s when I really try to up my intake of leafy green vegetables, quality grains, lean proteins, beans, vegetables�things that are going to replenish the nutrients that you most likely drained yourself with,� Linsey says.Brought to you by: Spry Living


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quote:Originally posted by D
What is difference between remastered CD of Beatles albums and previous versions in sound? Are the booklets quite good ahd what are they include (especially "Sgt.Pepper") ?
To the best of my knowledge, the only CDs in America that have been "remastered" since 1988 are Beatles 1, 1962-1966, 1967-1970, and the "Yellow Submarine" songtrack. They sound a little better to me than the original albums that were released on CD in 1988 I believe.

subset: commoncrawl


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Debates of Feb. 24th, 2000
House of Commons Hansard #56 of the 36th Parliament, 2nd Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was senate.
- Points Of Order
- Government Response To Petitions
- Division No. 747
- An Act To Give Effect To The Requirement For Clarity As Set Out In The Opinion Of The Supreme Court Of Canada In The Quebec Secession Reference
- Division No. 748
- Canadian Institutes Of Health Research Act
- Division No. 749
- National Defence
- Agriculture
- Estonia
- Black History Month
- Coca-Cola Bottling Company
- The Senate
- Economic Development
- Depleted Uranium
- Black History Month
- The Economy
- Black History Month
- Flangers Rock Group
- Human Resources Development
- Chechnya
- Refugee Identification
- Federal Government
- Gasoline Prices
- Agriculture
- Human Resources Development
- Health Care
- Cida
- Human Resources Development
- Health Care
- Cinar
- Agriculture
- Human Resources Development
- Gasoline Prices
- Industrial Cooperation Program
- Commemorative Stamp
- Human Resources Development
- Importation Of Plutonium
- Scotia Rainbow
- Cida
- Iran
- Hockey
- Human Resources Development
- Business Of The House
- Canada Post Corporation Act
- Division No. 750
- Points Of Order
- Canadian Institutes Of Health Research Act
- Division No. 751
- Business Of The House
- Senate
Division No. 749
Government Orders
1:40 p.m.
The Acting Speaker (Ms. Thibeault)
This is not a point of order. It is part of debate.
Division No. 749
Government Orders
1:40 p.m.
Yvon Charbonneau Anjou—Rivière-Des-Prairies, QC
Madam Speaker, as the House is well aware, Bill C-13 was based on the recommendations of an interim governing council composed of 34 well-respected Canadians representing all fields of health research in Canada.
This interim council includes people from provincial governments, universities, hospitals, the academic community and charitable organizations in the health and private sectors, as well as researchers from all fields of health research.
The institutes work with organizations that focus on the three areas of health, health care and health research. For us, this is all interconnected, since research is what makes quality care and services possible. In general, the Canadian public and the research community have been receptive to this message and given it their strong support.
Research also provides Canada with an important opportunity to contribute to improving people's health, not only in Canada but internationally as well. That is one of our responsibilities as an industrialized and developed country. Canadian researchers in fact—and this is something to be stated with pride—are often at the leading edge of their specialties and their contributions are recognized worldwide.
It should be obvious to everyone that decision makers in the political arena need to have research data to call upon. Those of us who have to make decisions, who are in politics with the people in the various departments backing us up, need to be informed of the top research data when the time comes to make decisions on policy, regulations, or mechanisms for managing the programs for which we are responsible.
Public access to research material and reports on public health related issues is also governed by the Privacy Act and the Access to Information Act.
These are acts to protect people's rights while guaranteeing public access when appropriate. Some of the amendments are, therefore, prompted by the bill itself, or by other bills ensuring the public of access to information.
As for conflict of interest issues, which are addressed by some of the proposed amendments, and matters of ethics, the health committee's report contained a recommendation to the government that application of the principles of ethics be enhanced as far as the health research institutes are concerned. Our committee recommended "that the Governing Council develop and implement appropriate conflict of interest guidelines for the agency, including the Institutes of Health Research".
We are waiting for the government's response to this recommendation. This recommendation shows that our committee is concerned by this issue and has brought it to the government's attention.
Therefore, it is not necessary to state in the act that the governing council has the authority to develop a conflict of interest code. The federal government has already taken measures to ensure that organizations have a conflict of interest code that meets their specific needs.
The federal government's ethics counsellor will work with the president of the institutes to develop a code that meets the specific needs of the new organization. As part of this process, they will determine whether it is necessary to develop additional conflict of interest policies for all members, employees and volunteers of the institutes' committees and advisory boards.
It must be understood that these institutes are headed by a president. There is also a governing council and there are advisory boards. When developing a code of ethics on conflict of interests for the institute, it will be necessary to take into account the various levels within the organization and the positions held by those concerned.
Some of the concerns expressed earlier by opposition parties, including the Reform Party and the Bloc Quebecois, concern motions in both Group No. 1 and Group No. 2. Later on, when we discuss Group No. 2, we will have the opportunity to provide answers to these concerns. Some of these answers are in the form of amendments proposed by the government to meet these concerns expressed by the opposition.
The committee did a good job and its Liberal majority took good note of the most important suggestions made by the members of the opposition parties.
Division No. 749
Government Orders
1:45 p.m.
Gary Lunn Saanich—Gulf Islands, BC
Madam Speaker, I rise with pleasure today to talk about Bill C-13, an act to establish the Canadian institutes of health research and to repeal the Medical Research Council Act. I agree with the objective of the bill and the new Canadian institutes of health research. Before I speak to the bill which I am pleased to support, I want to take a moment to speak about the decorum in the House and what has happened.
When I came in here earlier this morning a member from the Bloc was speaking about the bill. The member said it was a very important bill for Canada. I listened to the hon. member's speech. I would hope that Bloc members would show the same respect for all members of the House.
I understand the Bloc members are upset about closure being brought in at the committee stage on the clarity bill but that does not give them the right to derail the entire House. It is okay to take a stand on a bill and I acknowledge we did it on the Nisga'a bill. However it does not mean that they should try to derail the whole House and cause problems on every single bill over their one issue. I appeal to the Bloc members to give all members of the House including those on the government side the respect to be heard on this bill. It was very important to say that at the outset.
Why is this bill so important? At first glance one wonders whether it will create another billion dollar boondoggle. On really looking at the bill I agree with the concept of what it is trying to do. It is putting money back into medical research. It is very important that we make this investment. It will also help stem part of the brain drain by making this investment in our scientific community and will put the resources into medical research. The intent is correct.
The Canadian institutes of health research appear to have a precise game plan with the sole intention of promoting research. There are couple of qualifications. First, there is little time available to consult the scientific community for input on research projects that are to be undertaken. It is important to make sure that the scientific community is targeted. Second, I have some concerns that the president of the Canadian institutes of health research may bypass recommendations of the governing council and simply appoint people to the advisory councils based on individual choice rather than their qualifications. I say that because of what we have seen historically in that appointments become much more political.
When one reads the bill it does appear that the appointments will be independent and made at arm's length from the federal government. I applaud that and hope that will be carried out. Of course, we will not know until the bill is passed and we see the appointments but that issue seems to be addressed. Again, I point these concerns out because it is very important that the institutes operate independent of the government.
I wish I could say that was the case at HRDC. This all ties together. It is government grants going out as subsidies. Again, I think it has to happen in scientific research. That is an important role the government must play and that is why I support that. But we must make sure that the money gets to where it is supposed to be and is done in a non-partisan way.
Unfortunately we have seen the billion dollar boondoggle at HRDC. Not only that, it is the whole culture that flows through all levels of many government departments. I personally witnessed it with the TAGS program and the fisheries in Atlantic Canada. The federal government paid $2.8 billion for fishermen to stay at home and wait for the fish to come back. The government did not achieve any of the desired goals. We have seen it in Indian affairs, CIDA, the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency and the list goes on and on.
I point out these concerns because if this is to work and we make this investment in our scientific community, we have to make sure it is done in a non-partisan way. The government has addressed that in the bill. That is why I intend to support it but it is important that we follow up and make sure that it happens.
All grant money should be administered that way. The new Canadian institutes of health research will replace the Medical Research Council which until now has not been accountable. It has not worked and that is why there must be a change. It is very important that the money is fully accounted for and transparent. This is the first step in making that happen.
We have seen in the past and on the front page of every paper for a month concerning HRDC, that it has not been accounted for. Most important it has not been transparent. Canadians are wondering where their tax dollars are going. I hear over and over again from people in my riding and in the medical community that it is very important that we make investments in research. That is an appropriate goal for government but it has to be transparent. It has to ensure that the public has access to where the money is going.
That is only one aspect. I wanted to raise it because I believe this can play an important role in curbing the problem of the brain drain. I have talked about this before in the House. This issue is very dear to me. Some of our best and our brightest in particular in the areas of health, engineering and the high tech sector are going south.
It is worth noting that we need that private sector and government partnership. The bill addresses that. It brings in the private sector for that partnership aspect. It is a very important component. I encourage the government to look at that in all ministries and departments. If we are going to help stem the brain drain, I absolutely fundamentally believe we need to lower taxes, but we also have to allow the private sector to create the jobs. It is not a role government can play.
We have to make investments in the scientific community. However, in other areas such as industry, and areas of grants where there is no transparency and accountability, that is not working. The private sector has a very important role to play.
I commend the government for the bill. I support it. It is very important. We are putting money into scientific research. It appears the government has tried to keep it at arm's length and I applaud that. It appears that 95% of the resources will go to front line research and that only 5% will be used for administration. I applaud the government. It is an encouraging first step. It will help reduce the brain drain. Hopefully when the bill passes, this will happen.
We can apply this whole concept to other ministries such as HRDC. We need to invest in our people but it cannot be a political fund which is used to buy votes. That culture has grown and grown and grown. We need to change that.
I will be supporting this very important bill. I look forward to seeing the results and to our scientific community benefiting from these so very important research dollars.
National Defence
Statements By Members
1:55 p.m.
Lynn Myers Waterloo—Wellington, ON
Mr. Speaker, I would like to extend my congratulations to the men and women who work at the Department of National Defence.
Canadian forces have record levels of overseas deployments to peacekeeping missions and increased activities at home.
The Department of National Defence has made fundamental organizational changes in order to ensure that the structure of the department and the Canadian forces are ready to support these new challenges.
An independent report released earlier this month noted effective implementation of reforms in over 300 areas. The reforms range from the creation of a military ombudsman, to the revamping of the military justice system and to the implementation of quality of life initiatives.
The Canadian forces and the Department of National Defence have demonstrated they are capable of fundamental changes at an institutional and cultural level. I applaud their flexibility and leadership. The department deserves our respect and our gratitude.
Statements By Members
1:55 p.m.
Garry Breitkreuz Yorkton—Melville, SK
Mr. Speaker, farmers in Saskatchewan are losing the shirts off their backs and the government is to blame. The ministers brag about all the money they have promised but 75% of the money the Liberals promised is still in Ottawa's ivory towers, not in the farmers' pockets.
Today's announcement for farm assistance to Saskatchewan is just another billion dollar boondoggle. I held eight town hall meetings in January and attended farm crisis rallies in Toronto, Regina and Saskatoon.
A group of farmers asked me to bring the shirts they are losing to Ottawa and give them to the Prime Minister. I have a box full of them. I am going to be out in the lobby after question period with this box of shirts. If the Liberals want to show they care about western grain farmers, I trust one of the ministers responsible for this disaster will come out to the lobby and pick them up.
Farmers are being taxed to death by Ottawa. One farmer wrote a note on his shirt, "Jean and Paul have taken—"
Statements By Members
1:55 p.m.
The Speaker
The hon. member for Parkdale—High Park.
Statements By Members
1:55 p.m.
Sarmite Bulte Parkdale—High Park, ON
Mr. Speaker, today Canadians of Estonian heritage are commemorating the 82nd anniversary of the declaration of independence of Estonia.
It is an anniversary that is foremost in the minds of all people who have been able to cast off the burden of foreign domination. Canada has played a major role in helping to re-establish democratic institutions in Estonia, in assisting Estonia to become a recognized member of the international community, and in providing infrastructure to make Estonia ready for membership in international security arrangements.
Estonians have played an important role in sharing their unique cultural attributes with all Canadians. I recognize the vital importance that Esto 2000, the Estonian world festival, will be to Toronto's cultural scene this coming July.
The song, dance and gymnastic festivals and other festivities will be followed with great interest by all Canadians.
May we wish Canadians of Estonian heritage success in all their endeavours during Esto 2000 and may the independence of Estonia be commemorated for generations to come. Elagu Eesti .
Black History Month
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Susan Whelan Essex, ON
Mr. Speaker, February is Black History Month. It is a time for all Canadians to cherish our country's history.
Yesterday the Reform member for Calgary East spoke and I could not agree with him more. The ancestors of Canada's black community have made a tremendous contribution building our great nation.
That is why the government, through HRDC and the jobs creation partnership program, invested in the Nazrey AME Church, the first black national historic site designated in Canada. Located in the town of Amherstburg, this architecturally distinctive stone chapel is an example of the small refugee churches from Ontario associated with the underground railroad.
For once I hope the Reform Party will recognize this useful spending.
It is a sad day for Canadians when the Reform Party extols the virtues of history in this country while at the same time trashing one of the very programs that preserved it.
Coca-Cola Bottling Company
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Sarkis Assadourian Brampton Centre, ON
Mr. Speaker, as the member of parliament for Brampton Centre, it is with tremendous pride that I welcome the Coca-Cola Bottling Company to my riding.
Coca-Cola will invest $150 million in the construction of a new market service centre facility that will include manufacturing, sales and distribution functions and will employ approximately 550 people. This is the single largest facility investment ever made by the Coca-Cola Bottling Company in Canada and will be the company's largest production and warehouse facility in the country.
Welcome, Coca-Cola, to Brampton where economic growth is the real thing.
The Senate
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Rob Anders Calgary West, AB
Mr. Speaker, last week Albertans learned that we have a vacancy in the Senate.
The last time this happened the Prime Minister appointed a senator with full knowledge of a Senate election underway in Alberta. These sneaky tactics were not part of his leadership campaign in 1990.
There is even division in the Prime Minister's cabinet over this. The MP for Edmonton Southeast is challenging the Prime Minister's methods. I guess he could not live with the Prime Minister's broken promises.
Bert Brown won the support of more Canadians than any other federal politician in history. The will of Albertans has been expressed, democracy has been denied.
There is no justice in the Edmonton West MP refusing to respect her constituents' demands for democracy in the Senate. The people, their premier and a cabinet colleague are all calling for Bert Brown to take his place in the Senate.
Economic Development
Statements By Members
February 24th, 2000 / 2 p.m.
Denis Paradis Brome—Missisquoi, QC
Mr. Speaker, a hundred or so mayors, municipal politicians and leaders of economic development in the Eastern Townships and the Montérégie area are here today to take part in a day-long event with an international focus.
We are talking about foreign affairs, about the promotion of culture abroad, international trade and, in particular, Team Canada and international co-operation, looking at such topics as how businesses can help in other countries.
I am delighted that so many of them accepted my invitation. I also congratulate them on their interest in always looking for new ways to help their town or municipality get ahead.
Municipal politicians are aware that they need to find ways of meeting the challenges of globalization. Increasingly, local communities will be called upon to work more closely with other communities.
In closing, I greet the delegation from my riding of Brome—Missisquoi and congratulate them on their initiative and excellent team work.
Depleted Uranium
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Peter Goldring Edmonton East, AB
Mr Speaker, a diabolical pallor of death looms over abandoned battlefields affecting all with its ominous nuclear glow. A waste product of our power industry that lights our homes is now a preferred weapon of war.
Depleted uranium's battlefield signature is a pyrophoric ball with a cloud of nuclear waste. Many suggest that the battlefield killing and suffering continues long after the soldiers depart.
Both government and scientists duck and dodge questions regarding this weapon's effect on man.
Depleted uranium is a nuclear weapon that does not discriminate. It must be banned for conventional warfare use for the sake of our soldiers and for the sake of all humanity.
Black History Month
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Jean Augustine Etobicoke—Lakeshore, ON
Mr. Speaker, the Mathieu Da Costa Awards Program was launched by the Department of Canadian Heritage in February 1996 to mark the official recognition by the Parliament of Canada of February as Black History Month.
At the Mathieu Da Costa Awards Ceremony this morning, nine students were honoured for their efforts to promote mutual respect and understanding between Canadians.
The award winners for best essay/short story and artwork were: Timothy Fung from Vancouver, B.C.; Lauren Inrig from Delta, B.C.; Karen Lowe from Abbotsford, B.C.; Charles Sargent from Calgary, Alberta; Boeseya Man-VanDyck from Winnipeg, Manitoba; Ellen Friesen from Winnipeg, Manitoba; Karine Houde from Kanata, Ontario; Isabelle Vachon from Welland, Ontario; and Sharon Boersma from Petrolia, Ontario.
I ask all my colleagues to join me in congratulating these young, talented Canadians.
The Economy
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Ted McWhinney Vancouver Quadra, BC
Mr. Speaker, Statistics Canada's report on Canadian international trade for 1999 confirms that the federal government's economic policies and fiscal management have laid the groundwork for a booming trade economy.
Our annual trade balance with the rest of the world was just under $34 billion in 1999, its highest level since 1996. Our volume of exports grew at almost twice the pace of imports.
In 1999 we exported over $360.6 billion worth of goods; 11.9% more than in 1998. Much of this growth can be attributed to increased domestic capacity in the automotive industry and high demand for Canadian built models in the United States. Our television and telecommunications equipment industry also contributed significantly.
Overall, the resulting trade balance for 1999 was the third highest on record for Canada.
Black History Month
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Gordon Earle Halifax West, NS
Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to rise today to celebrate Black History Month and to extend congratulations to Brad Barton, a fellow black Nova Scotian who will be receiving the Order of Canada.
The history of Nova Scotia and all Canada reflects the tremendous contribution by black Canadians from all walks of life and often against incredible odds.
Black History Month, also know as African Heritage Month, has been celebrated in North America since 1926. These celebrations mark the contributions made by black Canadians through exhibits, informative lectures, cultural events, political activities, recognition ceremonies for distinguished black Canadians and many other events.
I encourage as many people as possible to participate in black history and African heritage events wherever they occur throughout the country.
I was pleased recently to attend an event to honour African-Canadian veterans and other blacks in uniform. I am looking forward to participating in an upcoming discussion forum on the state of anti-racist education in Nova Scotia public schools.
I hope the government seizes upon the spirit of Black History Month to address the serious shortcomings in the role of blacks in the federal public service so that we may have even more—


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One newly designed toilet uses solar power to transform human waste into fertilizer and hydrogen.don't get built or are built to the wrong specifications, despite a large investment of funds by governments — particularly in India — and foreign organizations.
People in some parts of the world still need to be convinced that toilets are necessary.the toilet may sit unused while people continue to defecate in the open.
MORE FROM YALE e360
Beyond Big Dams: Turning to
Grass Roots Solutions on Water


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Buddha Bar provides a kaleidoscope of colours, textures, tastes and the unmistakable lounge music that owes its roots to the original Buddha Bar in Paris.
The vaulted ceiling and burnished gold walls of the main bar and dining room is a spectacular sight. The room is dominated by a four-metre high gold statue, specially commissioned in Thailand for Buddha Bar Dubai and a 20-metre floor-to-ceiling glass window dressed with velvet drapes.
The menu blends culinary essences of Thailand, China and Japan with seasonal Arabian ingredients to create light, flavourful cuisine. Dishes are served platter-style, perfect to share.
Behind the main dining room, a sushi bar with tatami-style seating offers Oriental dining and intimate areas, allowing guests to be secluded. The mezzanine floor and Zen lounge is the perfect vantage point to see the stylish Dubai crowd in full flow. On weekends, these are the hottest tables in the house.
Price rating: $$$$
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Opening hours: from 20:00 to 02:00 or from 20:00 to 03:00 on Thursdays.
Tel: +971 (0)4 317 6000.
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Tosh.0 Caption Challenge: Nice Catch
Couples who bronze together last long together.
Think you have a better caption for this image? Post your own joke about this picture in the comments. Then check back Friday at noon when we'll post our favorite!
And help us choose our favorite by liking the captions you think are best. We'll take your likes into consideration when making our pick.
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Rabinyan, Dorit
Dorit Rabinyan Persian Brides
Rabinyan is an Israeli journalist, poet, and novelist.
Dorit Rabinyan is an Israeli journalist who became a poet and novelist. She wrote her first book, Persian Brides (1997), when she was only 23 years old. Originally written in Hebrew, the novel was translated to English by Yael Lotan. The novel tells the story of Flora, a young woman in the Jewish section of a turn-of-the-century Persian town. Only fifteen years old, a pregnant Flora has been abandoned by her cloth-merchant husband. As Flora pines for her lost love, her cousin Nazie longs for the day when she will marry Flora's brother. The longing of the two girls for marriage is contrasted with the realities of the married women in the village, including hard work and mistreatment by their husbands.
Many critics pointed out the authentic detail Rabinyan used in the novel to create a realistic and vivid setting. Some reviewers referred to the magical, almost fairy-tale atmosphere the novel evoked. Commentators asserted that Rabinyan's understanding of her characters and confident prose style belies her youth. Michael Lowenthal stated, "she writes with the wise and leisurely assurance of a town bard recounting communal myths."
Kirkus Reviews (review date 15 December 1997)
SOURCE: A review of Persian Brides, in Kirkus Reviews, December 15, 1997, p. 1804.
[In the following review, the critic praises Rabinyan for his colorful portrayal of Jewish life in a turn-of-the-century Persian village in Persian Brides.]
[T]his raucous and colorful first novel by Rabinyan, an Israeli journalist and playwright, convincingly re-creates the complex texture of life in the Jewish quarter of a Persian village at the beginning of the 20th century. The major characters, 15-year-old Flora (who's pregnant, and abandoned) and her younger cousin Nazie (who longs for Flora's brother, to whom she was promised at birth) mature quickly as members of a vigorous subculture of women hardened by their unfair share of the burdens of the world and their combative relationships with men and "tradition." Rabinyan's portrait of their "almond tree alley," often reminiscent of Sholom Aleichem, is distinguished by knowledgeable descriptions of the rituals of birth and burial and peopled with such memorable supporting characters as a prostitute rumored to be the lover of a village demon. A very assured and entertaining debut performance.
Molly Abramowitz (review date January 1998)
SOURCE: A review of Persian Brides, in Library Journal, Vol. 123, No. 1, January, 1998, p. 144.
[In the following review, Abramowitz lauds Rabinyan's storytelling in Persian Brides.]
Two Jewish girls are the center of this first novel, [Persian Brides,] which describes in almost magical fashion the inhabitants of a small Persian village at the beginning of the century. Fifteen-year-old Flora Ratoryan is pregnant, and her cloth-merchant husband has abandoned her. Her 11-year-old cousin, Nasie, consoles her while wishing for her own marriage to Flora's brother, Moussa, to whom she has been betrothed since birth. The story only covers a few days in the lives of these girls, but the background of the inhabitants of this almond tree alley in the fictional village of Omerijan rounds out the picture. Vivid descriptions of cruelty (Miriam Hanoun, Flora's mother, kills cats; Moussa beats Flora unmercifully because he can't stand her laughter) and sensuality mix with the descriptions of everyday life. This may be too heady a mixture for some readers, but the storytelling is superb.
Publishers Weekly (review date 12 January 1998)
SOURCE: A review of Persian Brides, in Publishers Weekly, Vol. 245, No. 2, January 12, 1998, p. 45.
[In the following review, the critic asserts that in Persian Brides, "Rabinyan's brisk, fetching prose expertly summons a long-vanished land and renders it dazzling and delicious."]
It may be true, as Tolstoy wrote, that all happy families resemble one another, but it would be next to impossible to find a family anything like the Ratoryans, the 19th-century Jewish clan engagingly depicted in this first novel[, Persian Brides]—or a writer who could conjure them up more vividly than Israeli journalist Rabinyan. The members of this passionate, superstitious family inhabit a traditional Persian village where, for women, marriage and childbirth are paramount and the news that a girl has begun menstruating is disseminated by carrier pigeon. Flora—voluptuous, adorable, foolish and very pregnant at 15—casts spells every day and sings magic songs every night until her voice grows hoarse, hoping to bring her errant husband, a wayward cloth merchant, back to her. Downstairs, her 11-year-old cousin Nazie dreams of marrying Flora's brother. Episodic but not merely pastoral, the novel tells one poignant, bewitching story after another, seducing us with vivid language and outrageous tales of deception, devotion and magic. Rabinyan crams every page with evocative details: Flora spending the three days before her wedding delousing her fiancé's scalp; a woman smearing her husband's glasses with a thin layer of goat's butter to keep him from discovering her ugliness; a cloth merchant who can't fall asleep without rubbing fabric between his fingers. Rabinyan's brisk, fetching prose expertly summons a long-vanished land and renders it dazzling and delicious.
Nancy Pearl (review date 1 February 1998)
SOURCE: A review of Persian Brides, in Booklist, February 1, 1998, p. 900.
[In the following review, the critic praises Rabinyan's mixing of elements of a fairy tale with facts about Jewish life in Persia in Persian Brides.]
First novelist Rabinyan's earthy and sensual fairy tale[, Persian Brides,] is filled with stories of love affairs, curses, child brides, evil husbands, marriages, demons, violence, and childbirth. At the turn of the century in the Jewish quarter of Omerijan, a small Persian town, 15-year-old Flora Ratoyan, hugely pregnant and deserted by her cloth-merchant husband, is comforted by her orphaned cousin, Nazie. At age 11, Nazie herself is eagerly awaiting her own wedding to Flora's brother, Moussa. Over the course of three days in the lives of the cousins, Rabinyan introduces a colorful pageant of other inhabitants of the village. These include Miriam Hanoun, Flora's mother, who had to appease the cats of the village in order to have her babies live more than a few days. Rabinyan mixes these fairy tale elements with information about local wedding ceremonies, food, childbirth, and the sorry and constrained role of women and female children in a society far away from ours in both time and place.
Merle Rubin (review date 10 March 1998)
SOURCE: "Migration That Leads to Self-Discovery," in Christian Science Monitor, March 10, 1998, p. 14.
[In the following excerpt, Rubin complains of the lack of plot in Rabinyan's Persian Brides, and asserts that Rabinyan's focus is on colorful descriptions instead of the narrative.]
… Only the adolescent girls featured by Israeli journalist, playwright, and poet Dorit Rabinyan in her first novel, Persian Brides, are firmly rooted in their ancestral culture. And judging from Rabinyan's vivid evocation of their fetid, cloyingly closed-in lives in the Jewish quarter of a Persian village in the early years of this century, one would have to conclude that migration is good for the soul….
A sense of vividness, a kind of larger-than-life hyperreality, may quite possibly have been what Dorit Rabinyan was aiming at in her novel, Persian Brides. Rabinyan transports us to a household in the Jewish section of a small village in Persia early in this century, and a rather peculiar household at that.
Miriam Hanoum's neighbors all consider her the worst and laziest housekeeper in the entire village. But she is also a great beauty, because she avoids scrubbing, cooking, cleaning, and all the tasks that roughen one's skin and dishevel one's appearance, and concentrates instead on covering herself and her daughters in costly oils and cosmetics. This paradox is the most amusing thing in the novel.
In her quest for vividness, Rabinyan stuffs her novel with pungent, graphic images: shrieks, wails, cackings, and an endless parade of what seems like every bodily fluid or function imaginable. Indeed, the story seems to be little more than an excuse for all these colorful, noisy, odoriferous descriptions. There is very little in the way of a plot, and the narrative keeps circling back over the same events.
Outlandishness is heaped upon outlandishness: Miriam permanently stows her mother-in-law in a basket. Miriam's spoiled daughter, Flora, maintains her fleshy figure by gobbling down mountains of food, even while her heart aches with longing for the man she recently married, a shifty peddler who has impregnated her and disappeared.
The characters and their creator seem to revel in the squalor. So did the critics whose raves are quoted in the blurbs, which just might be a phenomenon even more bizarre than anything depicted in this book.
Michael Lowenthal (review date 15 March 1998)
SOURCE: "The Family Honor," in New York Times, March 15, 1998, p. 27.
[In the following review, Lowenthal, an American author, praises Rabinyan's authentic detail and rich prose in Persian Brides.]
Despite the near-microscopic scrutiny to which our politicians' love lives are currently subjected, we may still be astonished to encounter a culture in which ordinary girls' sexual intimacies are known by every neighbor, mothers probe their sleeping daughters' private parts to confirm the "family honor," and a girl's first menstruation is announced from the rooftops. Dorit Rabinyan, an Israeli journalist, poet and playwright, has conjured precisely such a society in...
(The entire section is 286 words.)


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Nutrition Facts
Serving Size ½ of recipe
Calories 508
Total Fat 25 g
Saturated Fat 8 g
Sodium 818 mg
Total Carbohydrate 55 g
Dietary Fiber 8 g
Protein 16 g
Ingredients and Preparation
Ingredients Measures
Bow-tie pasta 4 ounces (about 1 cup dry)
Olive oil 2 teaspoons
Clove garlic, chopped 1
Small white onion, chopped 1
Yellow bell pepper, chopped 1
Italian-style chicken or turkey sausage, casings removed 6 ounces
Red grape tomatoes ½ cup
Salt ½ teaspoon
Freshly ground pepper ½ teaspoon
Fresh basil, chopped 2 tablespoons
Grated Parmesan cheese 2 tablespoons
- Cook the pasta according to package directions, excluding salt and fat.
- Heat oil in a large saucepan over medium-high heat. Add garlic, onion, and pepper, and cook 3-4 minutes.
- Add sausage to pan and cook about 5-6 minutes, crumbling it as it cooks.
- Stir in tomatoes and cook another 5-6 minutes, or until the tomatoes burst.
- Add the pasta, salt, and pepper to the pan, and toss until mixed.
- Stir in basil, sprinkle with Parmesan, and serve.


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As cats age, their heart health should be an important consideration for pet owners. Feline heart disease comes in two forms, congenital—meaning present at birth and acquired as an adult.
VCA Animal Hospitals reports that cardiomyopathy is the most common form of heart disease in cats. There are three different categories of cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic, dilated and intermediate. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart muscles are abnormally thickened, WebMD.com reports, and the other variants may cause the muscles to be either thinner or thicker than usual. According to VCA, cardiomyopathy can make a cat more susceptible to developing thromboembolic disease which causes excessive blood clotting issues, hypertension or congestive heart failure.
Unfortunately, cats are normally very sedentary and may not display any clinical signs of this cat illness until it has progressed past the early stages. Often times, cats will adjust their activities to suit what their hearts can handle, and this change can be hard to spot. Bringing a cat to the veterinarian for regular checkups may help to catch heart problems early. If your veterinarian detects a heart murmur they will likely recommend x-rays and possibly a heart ultrasound to get a better picture of what is happening inside your cats heart.


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All quotes tagged Battle
(1940 quotes found)
"Your battles inspired me - not the obvious material battles but those that were fought and won behind your forehead."
"You win battles by knowing the enemy's timing, and using a timing which the enemy does not expect."
"The most important of life's battles is the one we fight daily in the silent chambers of the soul."
"An election is a moral horror, as bad as a battle except for the blood; a mud bath for every soul concerned in it."
"Battles are won by slaughter and maneuver. The greater the general, the more he contributes in maneuver, the less he demands in slaughter."
"Now if you are going to win any battle you have to do one thing. You have to make the mind run the body. Never let the body tell the mind what to do. The body will always give up. It is always tired - morning, noon, and night. But the body is never t"
"It is better to conquer yourself than to win a thousand battles. Then the victory is yours. It cannot be taken from you, not by angels or by demons, heaven or hell."


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In our tech-driven, computer-worshipping world, life is sedentary�often inescapably so. No longer do the masses roll up their sleeves and perform manual labor in factories, or toil in the fields from sun-up to sun-down. Rather, the vast majority of our days are spent languishing in cramped cubicles or offices, punching away at a keyboard, staring endlessly at a bright computer screen. For the average 9-to-5er, a short jaunt through the parking lot to your car might be the peak of your daily physical activity. We know that lack of exercise is bad for the human body. But what about all of that downtime you spend parked in a chair at work? What if that was just as deadly for your health�if not worse�than not hitting the gym? It's been estimated that Americans spend a whopping 56 hours each week sitting on our bums�slouched in front of computer screens, sprawled on the couch watching TV, hunched over the steering wheel. And our chair-bound lifestyles are killing us, quite literally. In recent years, the medical community has identified a new epidemic, fittingly dubbed "sitting disease," that refers to the condition of prolonged sitting and its physiological and metabolical effects on the human body. "Our bodies have evolved over millions of years to do one thing: move," says James Levine, M.D., Ph.D., of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and author of�Move a Little, Lose a Lot. "As human beings, we evolved to stand upright. For thousands of generations, our environment demanded nearly�constant physical activity." The repercussions of sitting disease are profound. In studies, excessive sitting has been�linked to a host of health problems, including worsened mental health, a higher risk of heart disease, a greater incidence of type 2 diabetes, and weight gain. Too much chair time is also believed to lead to shorter lifespans�almost by as much as two years,�studies have concluded. Beyond cardiovascular issues, habitual sitting wreaks havoc on our posture and spinal health, predisposing us to chronic neck and back pain. If you think your nightly Zumba class renders you immune to sitting disease, think again. As hopeless as this might sound, not even daily gym excursions are enough to cancel out the adverse effects of our marathon sitting sessions. A growing body of research has found that individuals who spend the majority of their day glued to a seat are more apt to die at an earlier age than those who sit less�even if those sitters exercise. When your muscles are immobile, circulation slows. This means you use less of your blood sugar and burn less fat, in turn increasing your risk of heart disease and diabetes. Comparisons have even been drawn to smoking: Just as exercise can't counteract the perils of smoking cigarettes, a daily 5K isn't enough undo all those hours of sitting. This, of course, is not to suggest that you should throw in the towel and stop exercising altogether�quite the contrary. Heart-pumping, calorie-burning exercise is undoubtedly crucial to our overall health and wellbeing, a powerful way to prevent nearly all disease states. However, diehard exercisers needn't be complacent with the false assumption that they aren't affected by sitting disease. Sitting is equally toxic to everyone, from marathon runners to couch potatoes. "The human, simply put, was not designed to sit all day," James A. Levine states in his essay "Health-Chair Reform," published in the journal Diabetes. So what's a chair-bound office worker to do? Before ditching your desk job in order to salvage your health, know that there are several easy ways to ward off the dangers of sitting disease. The key is finding clever ways to incorporate more "mini movements" throughout the day, experts say. So as long as you seize every opportunity to move more at work�and continue to aim for 30 minutes of daily physical activity such as hiking, running, biking or swimming�you'll greatly slash your risk of developing sitting-related health complications. Below are some simple ways to counter the negative effects of prolonged sitting: 1. Invest in a standing desk. Responding to the demand�for healthier and more ergonomic workplaces, a number of companies have stepped up to the plate (or the table, as it were) with a number of adjustable standing desks. These functional, customizable work stations afford workers the choice of working while standing or sitting, so you can switch readily between the two. According to study conducted by the CDC, workers who utilized a sit-stand desk for two weeks experienced a marked reduction in back and neck pain, less stress and more energy. If you aren't willing to shell out a small fortune for a standing desk�and we don't necessarily blame you (they're expensive!)�make your own makeshift standing desk by propping your laptop up on a tall box or bin. [caption id="attachment_120253" align="aligncenter" width="358"] This article originally appeared as on Spry Living
Location, ST | website.com


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Strother Studio Series presentsDancing at LughnasaBy Brian FrielDirected by Eva Patton
Told through the childhood memories of Michael, five single sisters in 1930s Ireland find themselves questioning the lives they have led. Times are changing for these simple women, as pagan rituals rival the constraints of the Catholic Church and their hometown industrializes with the arrival of a factory. Will life continue as before?
Tickets: General Public-$10, Students-$8Box Office Hours: Monday-Friday 12pm-5pm and one hour before each performance
For more information, please contact the University Theatre Box Office at 765-285-8749. Tickets go on sale August 26, 2013.
Copyright © 2017 Ball State University 2000 W. University Ave. Muncie, IN 47306
800-382-8540 and 765-289-1241


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In this tutorial we are going to show how to get started with this awesome Tadpole SQL Client. You can run Tadpole on any Web browser. If you cannot for some reason, file a bug report to Tadpole Github Issue Tracker. The developer is very responsive. I am sure he will resolve issues pretty quickly. So, let's get started.
First, download Tadpole. It is available for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. Once downloaded, simply extract the contents of the archive. No further installation is required. Now double click on tadpole-standalone executable file to start it.
When the program is launched, it will automatically open your default Web browser and navigate to http://127.0.0.1:10081/db?startup=tadpole address. Sometimes the Web page opens faster before Tadpole is ready to listed to browser requests. This may lead to a 404 Page Not Found browser error. All you need to do is refresh the page. It should work now.
When you navigate to http://127.0.0.1:10081/db?startup=tadpole you will be prompted to enter your login credentials. Since you do not have one at this point, you can either create
New or login without credentials as a
Guest or
Manager user. Let's go and click on
Manager button.
Once you are in the system, you will see a full-screen Dashboard consisting of 4 parts:
To connect to your desired database, right click on a target Database Group (in this case we will connect to a CUBRID database), hover over
Connection Manager then choose
Connect Database menu item.
You will see the following DB Connect Dialog window where you need to enter your database connection info. In this tutorial we will connect to a remote CUBRID demodb database. Locale field is intentionally left blank as no value is required for CUBRID. Do not forget to enter the Display Name so that later you can distinguish the connections among many in the Connection Manager panel. If you want to access this database later, check the
Save Database checkbox.
To test if your connection credentials are correct, press the
Ping Test button. If everything is correct, you should see the success message as shown below. Once ready, press the
OK button.
Once the database connection is successfully created, a connection record will be created under CUBRID group in Connection Manager panel.
When you select a connection (single click; a double click will open the Query Editor), a list of tables will be displayed in the Object Explorer panel on the bottom left. There if you select a table, its column information will be displayed below as in the following figure.
You can similarly view all indexes, views, procedures, functions as well as triggers.
If you right click on the table list a context menu will popup as shown below.
If you choose any of the available menu items, an appropriate SQL statement will be generated and placed automatically into the main Query Editor. For example, if we click on
Create Table menu item, the following SQL template will be placed which we can change according to our needs.
Likewise, if you click on
Generate SQL Statement: Select the following will be displayed.
To execute SQL you simply click on one of the two buttons:
Execute or
Execute ALL. The difference is that the first one will execute only the last SQL statement and display its output, while the second one will execute all SQL statements and display the output of the last statement.
Execute Plan for CUBRID, at the moment of writing this tutorial, is not supported in Tadpole. A feature request has been registered.
One nice feature of Tadpole allows users to quickly format the entered SQL. For example, the above generated CREATE TABLE statement can be transformed into the following when clicked on Format SQL button which is located in the Query Editor toolbar. Very nice feature especially if the editor contains many queries.
This feature is also very convenient and unique to Tadpole. If you click on it while there is a SQL statement in the Editor, Tadpole will display a Java or PHP variable which will hold the same query as its value. You can simply copy and paste the provided code into your Java or PHP application.
Tadpole provides a very nice Entity-Relationship Diagram for any of connected databases. To generate the ER Diagram, right click on a database connection, hover over
Connection Manager, then choose
All Table ERD menu item.
This will generate ER Diagram like the one shown below.
Actually this one has also undergone the "Tree Auto Layout" process. When Tadpole generates ERD for your database, the tables in the diagram may look scattered throughout the canvas. To organize all the tables in one click as shown in the above figure, right click on any place of the canvas then choose
Tree Auto Layout menu item from the displayed context menu.
Alternatively, if you do not want all tables be present in your diagram, you can create a new clean diagram and drag and drop necessary tables from Object Explorer. For this to work, instead of
All Table ERD menu item choose
Create ERD Diagram menu item from
Connection Manager menu. A blank diagram canvas will open and you can start dragging tables from
Object Explorer. At some point do not forget to save your work. You can find the
Save button in the form of a floppy disk in the main toolbar at the top. Next time you start tadpole, the saved ERD diagrams will be there for you under the connection it belongs to in the
Connection Manager.
Since Tadpole is still in its early development stage, there are many great features we can expect in coming versions. The developer has told that he is working on the following items:
When new version arrives, we will write more tutorials. So bookmark this page if you passionately wait for new features from Tadpole.


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Topic: Parameters to RJS
Hello all,
I am working on my first "real" project in rails. I am rendering partials through link_to_remote using RJS to update a <div> without a reload. Allright, my question is this. Is there anyway to write a generic RJS file that accepts a div (for elementID) and a partial?
For instance I have the following:
page.replace_html 'display_left', :partial => 'philosophy'
page.visual_effect :highlight, 'display_left', :duration => 2, :startcolor => "\'#d7d6dc\'", :endcolor => "\'#f5f2f7\'"
Is it possible to rewrite that RJS so that it accepts 'display_left' and 'philosophy' as parameters instead?
Hope I wasn't too unclear in what I mean...


text:
FDA Moves to Improve Generic Drug Label Warnings
By S.Z. Berg
NEW YORK (MainStreet)--The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a proposal to revise drug labeling regulations for generic drugs to create parity among brand name and generic drug manufacturers. The revised rule would allow generic drug manufacturers to revise their drug labeling in order to provide information on newly discovered risks, according to the Office of Management and Budget website, which describes the new rule.
"Almost two years ago, in August 2011, Public Citizen submitted a citizen petition to the FDA asking it to revise its labeling rules to fill the safety gap," Sidney Wolfe, founder and senior adviser, Public Citizen's Health Research Group, said in a statement. "The FDA's proposal suggests that the agency plans to grant that petition."
Current FDA regulations do not allow generic drug manufacturers to update product labeling to include warnings and precautions when manufacturers become aware of a potential risk without undergoing FDA approval. Brand-name drug manufacturers are allowed to do so without FDA approval. Generic drug labeling must match that of the brand-name manufacturer's label. However, some brand-name drugs are no longer marketed whereas the generics remain on the market.
Many potential risks aren't discovered until years after the drug has been on the market. A recent report by the nonprofit consumer rights advocacy group Public Citizen lists 434 generic drugs without brand-name counterparts on the market. The report also shows that there are at least 53 drugs that were approved by the FDA more than a decade ago that have required new warnings in the past 5 years to alert patients to serious or life-threatening risks.
Eleven of those drugs are currently only available as generic drugs.
Generic drugs made up 80% of all prescriptions filled in 2011, according to the Generic Pharmaceutical Association.
The new proposal will address having a requirement that after the FDA approves a labeling revision of a drug manufacturer that all manufacturers of that drug must have conforming labels.
--Written by S.Z. Berg, author of College on the Cheap, for MainStreet


text:
Harmony — it can make a difference
What does the word harmony mean to you? Could it be a situation in which there is friendly agreement or accord? Perhaps you believe harmony is a pleasing combination of musical sounds. In Underwood, 50 years ago, the word "harmony" became the name of a local homemakers club.
Harmony Homemakers was chartered in the fall of 1963 with the help of a county agent, Don Peterson. Some of the charter members were Gladys Rust, Karen Johannes, Arvilla Leidholm, Mrs. Junkert, Marthella Brown, Sharon Koenig, Barb Wilke (who served as the first president) and my mother, Marian Repnow.
One of the first duties of the club was to select their name. Members submitted suggestions and Harmony was the choice presented by my mother. She was well aware of how important harmony was on the home front, as she had just had her fifth son, Kelly. Living in a home with six males was considerably more enjoyable when friendly agreement dominated the daily routine.
Her suggestion won the club's approval and set them on their notable course. Believe it or not, homemakers' clubs were not just about sewing, baking and entertaining the family with rye bread spread with cheese and decorated with green olives. Over the years, the Harmony Homemakers have discussed issues such as early reading programs for preschool children, the quality patient care at nursing homes and the State Hospital in Jamestown, and proper immunizations to families. They also took an early interest in why children should develop their musical and artistic talents. Another topic that is still of concern today is how much violence children are exposed to through media such as television, magazines, books, and currently, the Internet.
They held meeting once a month on the second Thursday. At these meetings, programs such as the ones listed above were presented. Now it does not take an Einstein to realize when a cast of women gathers with a reason and purpose, they are going to trigger the brains of others. These informative meetings were adding to their houses of knowledge and equipping them to promote extra healthy and well-versed lives among their families and their community.
Service projects that have been connected to the Harmony Homemakers include the Well Baby Clinic and Take and Bake Day for the elderly and shut-ins in the community. They also became involved with the betterment of Underwood. In my mother's collection of newspaper clippings, there is an article and picture when she served as president of the club in 1977 presented the Park Board President, the late Dave Binkley, a check to help with the fundraising for the Underwood Swimming Pool. The ladies of this club promoted community first and that created an admirable foundation for their service. Many of these ladies could recall driving their children to Riverdale or Washburn for swimming lessons. Now this key training was available at home.
Acrylic grapes, feather flowers, meticulous sewing projects and creating holiday items were just a few of the fun projects completed by the Harmony Homemakers. Terry P. Brown, a high school classmate of mine, recalls that his mother, Marthella, made her acrylic grapes in tones of water blue, emerald green and cloudy navy. My mother chose shades of Concord grape, purple and lilac tones and clustered them in an aluminum oblong tray – complete with gnarled driftwood. They were put on display in our living room with flanking amethyst vases. Other prized crafts were the doorknob hangers that look like a Christmas tree or snowman and embellished with sequins they crafted. Ceramics – now there is a 1970s word! To this day, I still honor that ceramic potato, complete with scoop, which holds the sour cream. How can anyone fail to recall the wide-open frog which held the kitchen sink scrubby? Several of these items always appeared at the annual Holiday Fair which
was held at St. Bonaventure Catholic Church.
Rust, who was a home economics teacher for several years in Underwood, knew how to motivate the club members. Johannes remembers Gladys when the club made tapestry purses with satin lining. Gladys was not afraid to tell members to "rip it out and start over" when it was not completed to her standards! At one point, the club made purses out of white plastic Hi-lex bottles. Now, stop laughing! These purses could effortlessly stroll down Fifth Avenue in New York City. They had a hexed design and were completely lined, decorated with straw flower designs and topped with a crocheted zipper. My mother's Hi-lex purse is white with orange and yellow flowers. She paired this with a summer yellow dress in the early 1970s. She never feared when little chocolate hands came near her purse because it was very "wipeable" in addition to being stylish. Recycling – another cause promoted by the homemakers.
At times they called on family members to be part of their stylish efforts in the community – such as the fall fashion show. All Repnow boys were present: Tom modeled the latest Beatle wear, Neal strolled out in a CPO jacket, Oliver had a green paisley shirt wedded with blue trousers, and Kelly and I wore matching turtlenecks with checkered bell-bottom pants. Talk about harmony! Each club member had pulled together models from around their family table.
Meetings were held in member homes, which meant things were shined to the tone of a new copper penny. Home cooking was the standard and punchbowls, fancy napkins, silver trays and genteel centerpieces were not shy. Mom always made double dessert because she knew we all would want some.
Now the trick to getting dessert on the evening of homemakers was not to come downstairs too early. Kelly and I would appear rubbing our eyes and in loveable pajamas around the kitchen door when the last two or three ladies were about to leave. Need I say more?
Fifty years is a long time for a club to be around and still be thriving. Over the years, I can recall numerous ladies joining the club. Some that come to mind are Grace Simenson, Marge Guenthner, Ruby Landenberger, Marilyn Wohlk, Linda Ash, Ella Johannes, Sandy Landenberger and Beth Utecht. There is a sisterhood that comes with having been a Harmony homemaker, and its impact is lifelong. I recently visited with Gail Leidholm, a current member of the club, and she mentioned they no longer meet in each other homes, nor can she recall sewing on a single sequin! The club has around 18 members and their meetings are more relaxed as they enjoy the company of each other, sometimes at a group outing. Yet within their foundation remains the desire to make Underwood finer through service to the community – which they have done harmoniously for 50 golden years.


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Taylor is now thrust back into a starting role....
[b]Take a deep breath, New York Jets fans: The man you loved to hate -- Jason Taylor -- is now, quite simply, The Man.
And that should be a bit concerning.
With injured outside linebacker Calvin Pace (foot) expected to miss "a few weeks," according to Rex Ryan, the unofficial title of "No. 1 pass rusher" falls to Taylor, who has yet to show up in the preseason. If he were a no-name free agent, battling for a roster spot, he'd receive a pink slip off his performance Friday night against the Washington Redskins.
With Calvin Pace out, Jason Taylor is in. Jets fans better hope he's still got a few moves left.
In 37 defensive snaps, unofficially, Taylor engaged in actual contact only twice, not counting the play in which he was blindsided by a backup center named Kory Lichtensteiger. Taylor exerted less energy in the game than in one of his old "Dancing with the Stars" episodes.
Maybe the former Miami Dolphin has earned that right, having compiled a career resume that probably will put him in the Hall of Fame, but his old enemy/new team needs him to flick on the switch come Sept. 13 -- opening night. Pace probably won't be ready for the Baltimore Ravens, meaning Taylor goes from situational pass rusher to every-down player.
Most of the attention will focus on how Pace's absence will impact the pass rush, but one NFL personnel executive believes the Taylor-for-Pace change will be felt more in the running game.
"I don't think they'll take too much of a step back in terms of one-on-one pass rushing," the personnel executive said Saturday, speaking on the condition of anonymity. "What really becomes a deficiency for them is the addition of Jason Taylor as a point-of-attack run defender.
"With Jason in the lineup, you'll be exposed in your edge run defense. Calvin Pace can set the edge, push tight ends back and play downhill. You won't see Jason do that stuff. He's more of a lateral player, more of a finesse player."
Despite Pace's production last season as a pass rusher (eight sacks in 12 games), the personnel executive believes Ryan and his defensive staff will be able to adjust because of their "tricked up" blitz packages.
Instead of relying on pass rushers to win one-on-one matchups, Ryan & Co. use elaborate blitz schemes, designed to create mismatches and unblocked rushers. They rely on scheme and team over individual talents. That should suit Taylor, who "doesn't have the elite speed he used to have," the personnel executive said.
In his last two seasons, the longtime Jets nemesis -- hated by New York fans -- has produced a total of 10½ sacks, a dramatic decline from his days as one of the game's most prolific pass rushers. Getting old stinks; Taylor turns 36 on Tuesday.
The Jets saw enough in Taylor to sign him as a free agent, thinking he'd play about 75 percent of the snaps. But as Ryan said after losing to the Redskins, Taylor's playing time will be 100 percent until Pace returns. That raises serious questions about stamina.
"Sure, it takes a little bit of a toll ... but if you take care of yourself during the week, you'll have plenty of gas in the tank on Sunday," Taylor said.
Taylor and Pace were supposed to be the bookend rushers in the nickel package. Now what? Bryan Thomas is a better run defender than pass rusher, Jamaal Westerman is too green and Shaun Ellis too old. Maybe Vernon Gholston gets a shot. Maybe Ryan places a call to free agent Adalius Thomas, one of his former Ravens.
Ryan's problem will get bigger if he also doesn't have holdout cornerback Darrelle Revis, whose glue-like coverage allows the coaches to take chances with their blitzing. When Pace missed the first four games last season because of a league suspension, the Jets didn't miss a beat because Revis locked down star receivers Andre Johnson, Randy Moss and Marques Colston in three of the games.
No Revis, no lockdown. Antonio Cromartie is a talent, but as he showed Friday night with some sloppy plays, he's no Revis.
So, in a crazy twist, the Jets turn their desperate eyes to Taylor, who prepares for his last tango.
Rich Cimini covers the Jets for ESPNNewYork.com. Follow him on Twitter.
Toggle shoutbox NYJETSFAN BANTER
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Taylor's Role Just Got Upgraded
Posted 29 August 2010 - 11:10 AM
Well YOU BETTER BLEED GREEN & WHITE!!!!
S-Dubb: like if she was giving me a handjob and I saw that thumb I don't know how I'd react
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text: Two students taking part in the Bluegrass China Exchange Program will be attending Southeast Kentucky Community & Technical College. This is the third group of Chinese students to enroll at the Middlesboro campus. Students Zhou Haoran and Pan Yuwei will be enrolled for the 2013-14 school year and will be sophomores. They have plans to major in English. Professor Robert Cox and librarian Kevin Murphy will serve as key sponsors as well as other SKCTC faculty and staff. Classes for the students began Aug. 19.


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August 23, 2010 WIC Update
SUBJECT 1: Income Guidelines Update
SUBJECT 2: 2010 WIC Conference – Poster Session
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: NUTRITIONIST - City of Independence Health Department
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: ADMINISTRATOR/RN – Osage County Health Department
- Income Guidelines Update: USDA has sent an update on the status of the income guidelines used to make income eligibility determinations. Local agencies should continue to use the current income guidelines (original dates- April 1, 2009- March 31, 2010). These income guidelines have been extended thru June 30, 2011. If you have questions, contact Mark Davis at firstname.lastname@example.com or 573-526-5323 or 800-392-8209.
- 2010 WIC Conference – Poster Session: There will be a poster session at the 2010 WIC Conference, October 25, 26 and 27, 2010. The poster session is open to all local WIC providers who would like to participate. So that there is enough space for all of the posters, please complete the attached and submit to Reba Brown at firstname.lastname@example.com. Deadline for submitting your poster request is September 10, 2010. If you have questions, please contact Rita Arni at firstname.lastname@example.com.
2010 WIC Conference Poster Session
WIC Positions
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: NUTRITIONIST - City of Independence Health Department
The Independence City Health Department, in collaboration with DHSS, is initiating a pilot program for a Nutritionist to provide resources and education, particularly for WIC clients, including breastfeeding support for a select group of local public health agencies. Client contact will be done via use of technology with some travel required. This position is full-time with an excellent benefit package. Applicants may access information and on-line application forms at http://www.ci.independence.mo.us/. The deadline for applications is August 26 at 5:00 p.m. For additional information, please call 816-325-7185.
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: ADMINISTRATOR/RN – Osage County Health Department
The Osage County Health Department is accepting applications for an Administrator/RN. The Gasconade County Health Department has chosen to terminate the contract for Osage County Services, therefore the newly formed Osage County Health Department is advertising for an administrator/registered nurse. Minimum qualifications for this position: Graduation from a four-year university or college, with specialization in nursing. Five years of experience in the field of public health, medical care, or a closely related field. Energetic, hard working registered nurse responsible for health department administration, WIC coordination, Communicable Disease Monitoring and Investigations, coordination of Maternal Child Health, Emergency Management and Planning, and Child Care Provider Consultations contracts is being sought for this new position.
For application contact:
Osage County Clerk's Office
Telephone: (573) 897-2139 Ext 110
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Topic: Forum Thoughts
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Im thinking in the way of features, and structure etc.
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Theres a few for you to have a think about, but basically just tell me what really annoys you about IPB, vBulletin, Probards, Invisionfree etc.


text:
Inovelon Tablets and Oral Suspension
Last Updated on eMC 06-Aug-2013 View changes | Eisai Ltd Contact details
- 1. Name of the medicinal product
- 2. Qualitative and quantitative composition
- 3. Pharmaceutical form
- 4. Clinical particulars
- 4.1 Therapeutic indications
- 4.2 Posology and method of administration
- 4.3 Contraindications
- 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
- 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
- 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
- 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
- 4.8 Undesirable effects
- 4.9 Overdose
- 5. Pharmacological properties
- 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
- 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
- 5.3 Preclinical safety data
- 6. Pharmaceutical particulars
- 6.1 List of excipients
- 6.2 Incompatibilities
- 6.3 Shelf life
- 6.4 Special precautions for storage
- 6.5 Nature and contents of container
- 6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
- 7. Marketing authorisation holder
- 8. Marketing authorisation number(s)
- 9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation
- 10. Date of revision of the text
- 11. Legal category
Film Coated Tablets100 mg: Each film-coated tablet contains 100 mg rufinamide.Excipient with known effect: each film coated tablet contains 20 mg lactose monohydrate 200 mg: Each film-coated tablet contains 200 mg rufinamide.Excipient with known effect: each film coated tablet contains 40 mg lactose monohydrate400 mg: Each film-coated tablet contains 400 mg rufinamide.Excipient with known effect: each film coated tablet contains 80 mg lactose monohydrate
Oral SuspensionEach ml of oral suspension contains 40 mg rufinamide. 1 bottle of 460 ml contains 18400 mg rufinamide. Excipients with known effect: Each ml of oral suspension contains 1.2 mg methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218), 0.3 mg propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E216) and 250 mg sorbitol (E420).For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
Use in children four years of age or older and less than 30 kg
Patients <30 kg not receiving valproate:Treatment should be initiated at a daily dose of 200 mg (5 ml dosing suspension given as two 2.5 ml doses, one in the morning and one in the evening). According to clinical response and tolerability, the dose may be increased by 200 mg/day increments, as frequently as every two days, up to a maximum recommended dose of 1000 mg/day (25 ml/day). Doses of up to 3600 mg/day (90 ml/day) have been studied in a limited number of patients.
Patients <30 kg also receiving valproate:As valproate significantly decreases clearance of rufinamide, a lower maximum dose of Inovelon is recommended for patients <30 kg being co-administered valproate. Treatment should be initiated at a daily dose of 200 mg. According to clinical response and tolerability, after a minimum of 2 days the dose may be increased by 200 mg/day, to the maximum recommended dose of 600 mg/day (15 ml/day).
Use in adults, adolescents and children four years of age or older of 30 kg or overTreatment should be initiated at a daily dose of 400 mg (10 ml dosing suspension given as two 5 ml doses). According to clinical response and tolerability, the dose may be increased by 400 mg/day increments, as frequently as every two days, up to a maximum recommended dose as indicated in the table below.
|Weight range
|30.0 50.0 kg
|50.1 70.0 kg
|≥70.1 kg
|Maximum recommended dose
|1,800 mg/day or 45 ml/day
|2,400 mg/day or 60 ml/day
|3,200 mg/day or 80 ml/day
Discontinuation of treatmentWhen rufinamide treatment is to be discontinued, it should be withdrawn gradually. In clinical trials rufinamide discontinuation was achieved by reducing the dose by approximately 25% every two days.In the case of one or more missed doses, individualised clinical judgement is necessary.Uncontrolled open-label studies suggest sustained long-term efficacy, although no controlled study has been conducted for longer than three months.
Paediatric populationThe safety and efficacy of rufinamide of children aged 4 years and less have not yet been established. No data are available.
Older peopleThere is limited information on the use of rufinamide in older people. Since, the pharmacokinetics of rufinamide are not altered in older people (see section 5.2), dosage adjustment is not required in patients over 65 years of age.
Renal impairmentA study in patients with severe renal impairment indicated that no dose adjustments are required for these patients (see section 5.2).
Hepatic impairmentUse in patients with hepatic impairment has not been studied. Caution and careful dose titration is recommended when treating patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Therefore, use in patients with severe hepatic impairment is not recommended.
Method of administrationRufinamide is for oral use. It should be taken twice daily with water in the morning and in the evening, in two equally divided doses. As a food effect was observed, it will preferable to should be administered with food (see section 5.2).
Film Coated TabletsIf the patient has difficulty with swallowing, tablets can be crushed and administered in half a glass of water.
Oral SuspensionThe oral suspension should be shaken vigorously before every administration. Please refer to section 6.6 for further details.
Status epilepticusStatus epilepticus cases have been observed during clinical development studies, under rufinamide whereas no such cases have been observed under placebo. These events led to rufinamide discontinuation in 20 % of the cases. If patients develop new seizure types and/or experience an increased frequency of status epilepticus that is different from the patient's baseline condition, then the benefit risk ratio of the therapy should be reassessed.
Withdrawal of rufinamideRufinamide should be withdrawn gradually to reduce the possibility of seizures on withdrawal. In clinical studies discontinuation was achieved by reducing the dose by approximately 25% every two days. There are insufficient data on the withdrawal of concomitant antiepileptic medicinal products once seizure control has been achieved with the addition of rufinamide.
Central Nervous System reactionsRufinamide treatment has been associated with dizziness, somnolence, ataxia and gait disturbances, which could increase the occurrence of accidental falls in this population (see section 4.8). Patients and carers should exercise caution until they are familiar with the potential effects of this medicinal product.
Hypersensitivity reactionsSerious antiepileptic medicinal product hypersensitivity syndrome including DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have occurred in association with rufinamide therapy. Signs and symptoms of this disorder were diverse; however, patients typically, although not exclusively, presented with fever and rash associated with other organ system involvement. Other associated manifestations included lymphadenopathy, liver function tests abnormalities, and haematuria. Because the disorder is variable in its expression, other organ system signs and symptoms not noted here may occur. The antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome occurred in close temporal association to the initiation of rufinamide therapy and in the paediatric population. If this reaction is suspected, rufinamide should be discontinued and alternative treatment started. All patients who develop a rash while taking rufinamide must be closely monitored.
QT shorteningIn a thorough QT study, rufinamide produced a decrease in QTc interval proportional to concentration. Although the underlying mechanism and safety relevance of this finding is not known, clinicians should use clinical judgment when assessing whether to prescribe rufinamide to patients at risk from further shortening their QTc duration (eg. Congenital Short QT Syndrome or patients with a family history of such a syndrome).
Women of childbearing potentialWomen of childbearing potential must use contraceptive measures during treatment with Inovelon. Physicians should try to ensure that appropriate contraception is used, and should use clinical judgement when assessing whether oral contraceptives, or the doses of the oral contraceptive components, are adequate based on the individual patients clinical situation (see section 4.5).
LactoseInovelon contains lactose, therefore patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
Parahydroxybenzoates, SorbitolInovelon oral suspension contains parahydroxybenzoates which may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed). It also contains sorbitol and, therefore, should not be administered to patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance.
Suicidal ideationSuicidal ideation and behaviour have been reported in patients treated with antiepileptic agents in several indications. A meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials of anti-epileptic medicinal products has also shown a small increased risk of suicidal ideation and behaviour. The mechanism of this risk is not known and the available data do not exclude the possibility of an increased risk for Inovelon. Therefore patients should be monitored for signs of suicidal ideation and behaviours and appropriate treatment should be considered. Patients (and caregivers of patients) should be advised to seek medical advice should signs of suicidal ideation or behaviour emerge.
Potential for other medicinal products to affect rufinamide
Other anti-epileptic medicinal productsRufinamide concentrations are not subject to clinically relevant changes on co-administration with known enzyme inducing antiepileptic medicinal products. For patients on rufinamide treatment who have administration of valproate initiated, significant increases in rufinamide plasma concentrations may occur. The most pronounced increases were observed in patients of low body weight (<30 kg). Therefore, consideration should be given to a dose reduction of Inovelon in patients <30 kg who are initiated on valproate therapy (see section 4.2). The addition or withdrawal of these medicinal products or adjusting of the dose of these medicinal products during rufinamide therapy may require an adjustment in dosage of rufinamide.No significant changes in rufinamide concentration are observed following co-administration with lamotrigine, topiramate or benzodiazepines.
Potential for rufinamide to affect other medicinal products
Other antiepileptic medicinal productsThe pharmacokinetic interactions between rufinamide and other antiepileptic medicinal products have been evaluated in patients with epilepsy using population pharmacokinetic modelling. Rufinamide appears not to have clinically relevant effect on carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, topiramate, phenytoin or valproate steady state concentrations.
Oral contraceptivesCo-administration of rufinamide 800mg b.i.d. and a combined oral contraceptive (ethinyloestradiol 35μg and norethindrone 1mg) for 14 days resulted in a mean decrease in the ethinyl estradiol AUC0-24 of 22% and in norethindrone AUC0-24 of 14%. Studies with other oral or implant contraceptives have not been conducted. Women of child-bearing potential using hormonal contraceptives are advised to use an additional safe and effective contraceptive method (see section 4.4 and 4.6).
Cytochrome P450 enzymesRufinamide is metabolised by hydrolysis, and is not metabolised to any notable degree by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Furthermore, rufinamide does not inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (see section 5.2). Thus, clinically significant interactions mediated through inhibition of cytochrome P450 system by rufinamide are unlikely to occur. Rufinamide has been shown to induce the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 and may therefore reduce the plasma concentrations of substances which are metabolised by this enzyme. The effect was modest to moderate. The mean CYP3A activity, assessed as clearance of triazolam, was increased by 55% after 11 days of treatment with rufinamide 400 mg b.i.d. The exposure of triazolam was reduced by 36%. Higher rufinamide doses may result in a more pronounced induction. It may not be excluded that rufinamide may decrease the exposure of substances metabolized by other enzymes, or transported by transport proteins such as P-glycoprotein.It is recommended that patients treated with substances that are metabolised by the CYP3A enzyme system are to be carefully monitored for two weeks at the start of, or after the end of treatment with rufinamide, or after any marked change in the dose. A dose adjustment of the concomitantly administered medicinal product may need to be considered. These recommendations should also be considered when rufinamide is used concomitantly with substances with a narrow therapeutic window such as warfarin and digoxin.A specific interaction study in healthy subjects revealed no influence of rufinamide at a dose of 400 mg bid on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine, a CYP1A2 substrate.No data on the interaction of rufinamide with alcohol are available.
Risk related to epilepsy and antiepileptic medicinal products in general:It has been shown that in the offspring of women with epilepsy, the prevalence of malformations is two to three times greater than the rate of approximately 3% in the general population. In the treated population, an increase in malformations has been noted with polytherapy; however, the extent to which the treatment and/or the illness is responsible has not been elucidated.Moreover, effective anti-epileptic therapy must not be interrupted, since the aggravation of the illness is detrimental to both the mother and the foetus.
Risk related to rufinamide:Studies in animals revealed no teratogenic effect but foetotoxicity in presence of maternal toxicity (see section 5.3). The potential risk for humans is unknown.For rufinamide, no clinical data on exposed pregnancies are availableTaking these data into consideration, rufinamide should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary and in women of childbearing age not using contraceptive measures.Women of childbearing potential must use contraceptive measures during treatment with rufinamide. Physicians should try to ensure that appropriate contraception is used, and should use clinical judgement when assessing whether oral contraceptives, or the doses of the oral contraceptive components, are adequate based on the individual patients clinical situation (see section 4.5).If women treated with rufinamide plan to become pregnant, the indication of this product should be carefully weighed. During pregnancy, an effective antiepileptic rufinamide treatment must not be interrupted, since the aggravation of the illness is detrimental to both the mother and the foetus.
Breast-feedingIt is not known if rufinamide is excreted in human breast milk. Due to the potential harmful effects for the breast fed infant, breast-feeding should be avoided during maternal treatment with rufinamide.
FertilityNo data are available on the effects on fertility following treatment with rufinamide
Summary of the safety profileThe clinical development program has included over 1,900 patients, with different types of epilepsy, exposed to rufinamide. The most commonly reported adverse reactions overall were headache, dizziness, fatigue, and somnolence. The most common adverse reactions observed at a higher incidence than placebo in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome were somnolence and vomiting. Adverse reactions were usually mild to moderate in severity. The discontinuation rate in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome due to adverse reactions was 8.2% for patients receiving rufinamide and 0% for patients receiving placebo. The most common adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation from the rufinamide treatment group were rash and vomiting.
Tabulated list of adverse reactionsAdverse reactions reported with an incidence greater than placebo, during the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome double-blind studies or in the overall rufinamide-exposed population, are listed in the table below by MedDRA preferred term, system organ class and by frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 < 1/10), uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 < 1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000).
|System Organ Class
|Very Common
|Infections and Infestations
|Ear infection
|Immune system disorders
|Metabolism and nutrition disorders
|Eating disorder
|Decreased appetite
|Psychiatric disorders
|Nervous system disorders
|Status epilepticus*
|Coordination Abnormal*
|Psychomotor hyperactivity
|Eye Disorders
|Vision blurred
|Ear and Labyrinth disorders
|Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
|Gastrointestinal disorders
|Abdominal pain upper
|Hepato-biliary disorders
|Hepatic enzyme increase
|Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
|Musculoskeletal and connective tissue and bone disorders
|Back pain
|Reproductive system and breast disorders
|General disorders and administration site conditions
|Gait disturbance*
|Weight decrease
|Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
|Head injury
Mechanism of actionRufinamide modulates the activity of sodium channels, prolonging their inactive state. Rufinamide is active in a range of animal models of epilepsy.
Clinical experienceInovelon (rufinamide tablets) was administered in a double blind, placebo-controlled study, at doses of up to 45 mg/kg/day for 84 days, to 139 patients with inadequately controlled seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (including both atypical absence seizures and drop attacks). Male or female patients (between 4 and 30 years of age) were included if they were being treated with 1 to 3 concomitant fixed-dose antiepileptic medicinal products. Each patient had to have at least 90 seizures in the month prior to study entry. A significant improvement was observed for all three primary variables: the percentage change in total seizure frequency per 28 days during the maintenance phase relative to baseline (-35.8% on Inovelon vs. 1.6% on placebo, p= 0.0006), the number of tonic-atonic seizures (-42.9% on Inovelon vs. 2.2% on placebo, p = 0.0002), and the seizure severity rating from the Global Evaluation performed by the parent/guardian at the end of the double-blind phase (much or very much improved in 32.2% on Inovelon vs. 14.5% on the placebo arm, p=0.0041).Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling demonstrated that the reduction of total and tonic-atonic seizure frequencies, the improvement of the global evaluation of seizure severity and the increase in probability of reduction of seizure frequency were dependent on rufinamide concentrations.
AbsorptionMaximum plasma levels are reached approximately 6 hours after administration. Peak concentration (Cmax) and plasma AUC of rufinamide increase less than proportionally with doses in both fasted and fed healthy subjects and in patients, probably due to dose-limited absorption behaviour. After single doses food increases the bioavailability (AUC) of rufinamide by approximately 34% and the peak plasma concentration by 56%. Inovelon oral suspension and Inovelon film coated tablets have been demonstrated to be bioequivalent.
DistributionIn in-vitro studies, only a small fraction of rufinamide (34%) was bound to human serum proteins with albumin accounting for approximately 80% of this binding. This indicates minimal risk of drug-drug interactions by displacement from binding sites during concomitant administration of other substances. Rufinamide was evenly distributed between erythrocytes and plasma.
BiotransformationRufinamide is almost exclusively eliminated by metabolism. The main pathway of metabolism is hydrolysis of the carboxylamide group to the pharmacologically inactive acid derivative CGP 47292. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism is very minor. The formation of small amounts of glutathione conjugates cannot be completely excluded.Rufinamide has demonstrated little or no significant capacity in-vitro to act as a competitive or mechanism-based inhibitor of the following human P450 enzymes: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4/5 or CYP4A9/11-2.
EliminationThe plasma elimination half-life is approximately 6-10 hours in healthy subjects and patients with epilepsy. When given twice daily at 12-hourly intervals, rufinamide accumulates to the extent predicted by its terminal half-life, indicating that the pharmacokinetics of rufinamide are time-independent (i.e. no autoinduction of metabolism). In a radiotracer study in three healthy volunteers, the parent compound (rufinamide) was the main radioactive component in plasma, representing about 80% of the total radioactivity, and the metabolite CGP 47292 constituting only about 15%. Renal excretion was the predominant route of elimination for active substance related material, accounting for 84.7% of the dose.
Linearity/non-linearity:The bioavailability of rufinamide is dependent on dose. As dose increases the bioavailability decreases.
Pharmacokinetics in special patient groups
SexPopulation pharmacokinetic modelling has been used to evaluate the influence of sex on the pharmacokinetics of rufinamide. Such evaluations indicate that sex does not affect the pharmacokinetics of rufinamide to a clinically relevant extent.
Renal impairmentThe pharmacokinetics of a single 400 mg dose of rufinamide were not altered in subjects with chronic and severe renal failure compared to healthy volunteers. However, plasma levels were reduced by approximately 30% when haemodialysis was applied after administration of rufinamide, suggesting that this may be a useful procedure in case of overdose (see sections 4.2 and 4.9).
Hepatic impairmentNo studies have been performed in patients with hepatic impairment and therefore Inovelon should not be administered to patients with severe hepatic impairment (see section 4.2).
Children (2-12 years)Children generally have lower clearance of rufinamide than adults, and this difference is related to body size. Studies in new-born infants or infants and toddlers under 2 years of age have not been conducted.
Older peopleA pharmacokinetic study in older healthy volunteers did not show a significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters compared with younger adults.
Film Coated Tablet
Core:Lactose monohydrate Cellulose, microcrystallineMaize starch Croscarmellose sodium HypromelloseMagnesium stearate Sodium laurilsulfate Silica colloidal, anhydrous
Film coating:HypromelloseMacrogols (8000)Titanium dioxide (E171)TalcFerric oxide red (E172)
Oral suspensionMicrocrystalline cellulose (E460) Carmellose sodium (E466)Hydroxyethylcellulose Citric acid, anhydrous (E330)Simeticone emulsion, 30% containing benzoic acid, cyclotetrasiloxane, dimethicone, glycol stearate and glyceryl distearate, methylcellulose, PEG-40 stearate (polyethylene glycol stearate), polysorbate 65, silica gel, sorbic acid, sulphuric acid and water.Poloxamer 188Methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218)Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E216)Propylene glycol (E1520).Potassium sorbate (E202)Sorbitol (E420), liquid (non-crystallising)Orange flavour Water
Film Coated Tablet4 years.
Oral Suspension3 years.After first opening: 90 days.
Film Coated TabletDo not store above 30°C.
Oral SuspensionThis medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions. For storage conditions after first opening of the medicinal product, see section 6.3.
Film Coated Tablets100 mg: Aluminium/aluminium blisters, packs of 10, 30, 50, 60 and 100 film-coated tablets.200mg: Aluminium/aluminium blisters, packs of 10, 30, 50, 60 and 100 film-coated tablets.400 mg: Aluminium/aluminium blisters, packs of 10, 30, 50, 60, 100 and 200 film-coated tablets.Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Oral SuspensionOriented-polyethylene terephthalate (o-PET) bottle with a child-resistant polypropylene (PP) closure; each bottle contains 460 ml of suspension in an outer cardboard carton. Each carton contains one bottle, two identical calibrated oral dosing syringes and a press-in-bottle adapter (PIBA). The oral dosing syringes are graduated in 0.5 ml increments.
Film Coated TabletsNo special requirements.
Oral SuspensionPreparation: The press-in-bottle adapter (PIBA) which is supplied in the product carton should be inserted firmly into the neck of the bottle before use and remain in place for the duration of the usage of the bottle. The dosing syringe should be inserted into the PIBA and the dose withdrawn from the inverted bottle. The cap should be replaced after each use. The cap fits properly when the PIBA is in place. No special requirements for disposal.
Eisai Ltd
European Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9SN
+44 (0)845 676 1486
+44 (0)845 676 1400
+44 (0)845 676 1400
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