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Apartment in the City / Prenzlauer Berg (15)
Size64 m²
Floor No.3
- Family/child friendly
- Kitchen
- Lockable room
- Balcony/terrace
- Towels
- Baby cot
- Smoking allowed
Accommodation summary
House rulesNon smoking accommodation
|Maximum nights
|1 month
|Check-in after
|Check-in before
|On arrangement
|Check-out before
|Cancellation Policy
Reviews for this host's other properties
The apartment is spacious, clean and very quiet. Perfect for 4 people.
Katrin answered us very quickly.
S Bahn, U Bahn and supermarket near the apartment.
We'll come back!
We enjoyed our stay very much. The accommodation was close to a shopping area and public transport, with easy access to the city centre. There were boutiques as well as some larger grocery stores nearby. I also enjoyed the walk along the northeastern part of the former Berlin Wall through the Mauerpark and over the Bernauer Strasse to the Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer.
The accommodation itself was spacious and well equipped, especially the kitchen and bathroom. The furniture in the living/bedroom was simple and somewhat worn down, yet functional. The contact I had with Katrin was pleasant and uncomplicated.
I've been very satisfied with Katrin's flat. Thanks to Katrin's explanations, I got no difficulties in locating her place and getting the keys. As she mentioned it on wimdu, the neighbourhood is quiet and shops and public transportation are a few steps away. It's a wide, clean and nicely adorned flat with lot of furnitures to put your clothes in. Despite the lack of a microwave, we found everything in the kitchen to cook and feel home. The bathroom and toilets were clean. I enjoyed my stay at Katrin's and would come again.
It's all ok.
The appartment is spacious enough for 4 persons and clean. The neighbourhood is a little bit boring, but at a few minutes walk you find Prenzlauer Berg with a lot of shopping and restaurants. The S and U bahn are approx 300 a 500m.
A supermarket is nearby and the kitchen is little but has everything you need.
One point of attention is that it is on the 4th floor and there is no elevator. It is not a big issue, but for elderly or less mobile people it is not a good option.
We really enjoyed our stay. The apartment was very clean and warm which was very welcome after walking around Berlin in very cold temperatures! The bathroom had excellent shower, the kitchen was well equipped and the bedroom/lounge area was large and comfortable.
The apartment was located only 15 minutes walk away from Gesundbrunnen train/underground station and there was also a beautiful park near this station. A local supermarket was only 3 minutes walk from the apartment, which was very convenient.
The area was very quiet which was nice and Katrin provided very helpful information/instructions re check-in/out.
Very fine apartment, 2 large rooms, 2 good double beds, bathroom newly renovated, very quiet area, apartment in back building, off the street. Pretty close to U bahn and grocery store.
Kitchen well working but small and only for quick minor meals.
Good value for money.
Thank you. We had a great time in berlin.
Nice apartment in a great location! Communication with Katrin was excellent. Would definitely recommend.
Really nice appartment, spacious and clean, everything you need for a pleasant stay in Berlin
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Re: Web Design for Dummies
Hi daibatzu, i would suggest you to look at the pre-made templates (developed by web design companies) who have already won good audience with their products. You can always buy some nice templates and fine tune them. While you do that you will learn design, coding, flashing, seo... I think this is good practice. For instance, checkout xml flash and website templates as well as other jQuery, facebook components.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tips for Racing WiselyAn excerpt from Racing Wisely: A Practical & Philosophical Guide to Performing at Your Personal Best
Photo by Robin McConnell / Licensed through the Creative Commons.
Editor's Note: The tips included here are geared at road runners, trail runners, cyclists and triathletes alike. Though trail races often throw more unpredictable terrain at competitors than road races, we found Rountree's training tips just as pertinent and valuable for trail runners looking to improve their racing strategy, at every distance from 5K to ultras. See pages 4 and 5 of this article for advice on pacing specific race distances. Republished with permission of Sage Rountree from the upcoming book Racing Wisely: A Practical and Philosophical Guide to Performing at Your Personal Best.
To learn more about the book, please visit http://sagerountree.com/media/books/racing-wisely/
Time Trial Racing
"In the first half of the race, don't be an idiot. In the second half, don't be a wimp." —Scott Douglas
Time trial racing means getting to the finish line in the shortest possible time. But to do that, you may need to go slow, especially at the beginning, so that you have enough energy to carry you all the way through the race. While you might be able to hold an aggressive pace for a tenth of the total race distance, you need to aim for the best average pace you can sustain for the entire race distance. This will feel easy as you begin, then gradually tougher as you continue. Your effort will continue to increase and your pace will hold steady.
This means you should always be operating within comfortable limits. You can't hold a desperation pace for too long. As I told my daughter Lily before her first triathlon, "If you feel like you're going to cry or throw up, slow down." In training, especially in your time trials, you should get to know the feeling of an effort you can sustain. You'll also get to know the signs that you're redlining: a cold chill, a drop in your stomach, a loss of your form, a change in your breath. An evenly paced race will flirt with this edge of desperation but not tip you over it until your eyes are on the finish line banner.
There is only one reason to go out at faster than your intended pace when you are racing for time: to position yourself so you can settle in to the appropriate pace as soon as possible. Everything else is ego or ignorance, and both ego and ignorance can be controlled. Gear your training toward memorizing the pace you will hold throughout the race. Get to know it when you are fresh and when you are tired. It is your best ally: it is the best pace to get you to the finish line fast. When you know this pace inside and out, you won't start too fast, and you won't fade at the end. You'll run your personal best.


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Faygo Variety (12 oz. cans, 24 pk.)
by Faygo | Item #: 401451 |
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Wightastronomy.org is the website of Vectis Astronomical Society (VAS) on the Isle of Wight, just off the South coast of the UK.
Founded in 1976, the Society is a friendly group of 100 or so amateur astronomers based near the small village of Newchurch, and we have a well equipped Observatory in Watery Lane, very near Amazon World.
You will find a map and further location information here.
The observatory is open to all for stargazing every Thursday evening from 20.00 hrs and we have monthly public meetings in Newport with guest speakers giving presentations on a wide range of astronomy related subjects.
We welcome visitors to the observatory, so if you need some help setting up your own telescope or maybe would like some advice, please feel free to pay us a visit.
If you would like to arrange a group visit (more than 6 people), please contact us beforehand.
You may also be interested in our sister website www.darkwightskies.com which is home to the Dark Wight Skies Initiative and our quest to achieve Dark Sky Status for the Island.
Clear Nights and Dark Skies
Brian Curd
Observatory Director


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Learn to make the most of winter's stark landscapes with this collection of tips and strategies for wintertime landscape photography.
All Courses
- Night + Low Light
- Photography (17)
- Cameras + Gear (5)
- Raw Processing (4)
- Lighting (3)
- Portraits (3)
- Black and White (2)
- Masking + Compositing (2)
- Photography Foundations (2)
- Flash Photography (1)
- Photo Management (1)
- Sharpening (1)
- Adobe (4)
- Photoshop (4)
- Lightroom (3)
- Camera Raw (2)
Skill level
- Beginner (3)
- Intermediate (16)
- Advanced (2)
- Appropriate for all (1009)
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Discover the surreal and spectacular landscapes of Iceland, and learn important insights into photographing on this stark and beautiful island In the North Atlantic.
Take a five-day photo challenge that will help you look at your city and the people who live there in new ways.
Get a solid grounding in the skills and tools you'll need to explore the world of digital photography.
Explore the challenges and creative options behind street shooting after dark on the streets, beaches, and outer boroughs of New York.
Travel to Cuba with photographer and educator Derrick Story to sample its people, places, and culture.
Learn how to capture the drama and beauty of the nighttime landscape, in these photography tutorials filmed along the surreal shoreline of the Salton Sea and in the Anza-Borrego Desert.
An introduction to the creative options and challenges involved in low-light shooting: indoors, outdoors, and under the stars.
Photographer and outdoor enthusiast Keith Kiska documents the drama of the Mobius Arch, a natural rock formation in California's Sierra Nevada mountains.
Learn how to shoot a lunar eclipse and create a composite photo showing all of its phases in a single image, using Lightroom and Photoshop.
Learn how to use Photoshop and Camera Raw to make your night and low-light photos (including star photography) look their best.
Follow photojournalist Paul Taggart as he explores the unique challenges behind shooting photo stories about family members.
Learn to reduce noise in low-light shots and sharpen photos for maximum impact with Lightroom and Photoshop.
Hit the road with photographer Mikkel Aaland to learn how to tell the story of a road trip to a small seaside town.
Follow along with renowned photographer Mikkel Aaland as he assembles a photographic portrait of San Francisco's iconic North Beach neighborhood.
Describes the tools, creative options, and special considerations involved in shooting with a DSLR camera at night or in low-light conditions, such as sunset or candlelight.
Award-winning photographer Jim Sugar shows how to shoot outdoors during twilight, balancing strobe output with natural light.
"Your training goes way more in-depth than most classes at my school, and you can pause and rewind it if you don't follow it the first time." —Jared L.
more from our members »


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With a trio of quirky comedies — lead by the latest from Quirkmaster General Wes Anderson, "Moonrise Kingdom" — in theaters this weekend, I'm revisiting 10 of my favorite flicks that are both weird and whimsical.
10. I Heart Huckabees
David O. Russell's existentialist ensemble comedy was probably a little too weird for mass consumption, but I love it.
9. Lars and the Real Girl
A lonely young man (played by the unlikely-to-be-lonely Ryan Gosling) strikes a bizarrely sweet relationship with a life-size sex doll. That old story!
8. Punch Drunk Love
The silliest movie by Paul Thomas Anderson — whom I consider one of the greatest directors alive — was also pretty much the only Adam Sandler movie I can stand.
7. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
Screenwriter Charlie Kaufman takes the raw pain of a bad breakup and runs it through a brain-twisty grinder. Director Michel Gondry provides plenty of playful visuals.
6. Scott Pilgrim vs. the World
It takes those 8-bit video game quirks and runs with them. I'm declaring this a new classic.
5. Pee Wee's Big Adventure
Tim Burton is in the same tier as Anderson as far as his career's overall quirk output. I still love this tale of a boy and his search for his bicycle.
4. Raising Arizona
"I'll be taking these Huggies and whatever cash you got."
3. Amelie
It's a warm, bubbling little romantic comedy that wears its quirk — and its heart — on its sleeve. I'm still in love with Audrey Tautou.
2. Bottle Rocket
Wes Anderson has made quirkier movies for sure, but my heart is still with his first — a tale of love, brotherhood and bumbling would-be crime.
1. Dr. Strangelove
The funniest movie ever made about nuclear war! Stanley Kubrick's black comedy has an air of absurdity to the whole thing. Peter Sellers in three roles doesn't hurt!


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UNEP and the Millennium Development Goals
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Target 9: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of environmental resources.
Target 10: Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water.
Target 11: Achieve significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dewellers by 2020.
The existence of an environmental MDG in itself is an explicit recognition by world leaders that environment is a crucial element of development. It is a recognition of the fact that without environmental sustainability there will be no long-lasting development. MDG7 and the underlying targets also show commitment at the highest political level to ensuring environmental sustainability.
However, environment is of importance not only for MDG7 but also for the other MDGs. The President's Summary of the discussion of Ministers and Heads of Delegation at the 23rd Session of the Governing Council of UNEP concluded "they (the MDGs) are to be achieved in a sustainable manner, recognition that environmental sustainability underpins the achievement of all the goals must be at the heart of further efforts of the international community".
MDG7 is of direct relevance to most of the work that is being undertaken by UNEP under the organisation's slogan "Environment for Development"
UNEP works in co-operation with like-minded partners. One example of this is the Poverty and Environment Partnership (PEP), an informal network of development agencies that seeks to improve the coordination of work on poverty reduction and the environment. Together, we have developed an initiative that seeks to reinvigorate political attention to the environmental challenges that are central to achieving the MDGs. This initiative includes the development of a number of analytical papers, the planning of a high-visibility event at the World Summit as well as the building of a strong coalition for MDG7 beyond the Summit.


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Got our first taste of what these disgruntled Sonics fans were referencing tonight.
Flip has very similar game to Larry Hughes, a poor mans Larry. For that reason, and the Cavs NOT having his Bird rights, I can't see him being back next year.
Flip can get to the hole though. Seems like he would be a decent defender if he were 3 inches taller. His shot is just bad though. Very flat, no touch. Hes a gunner too.


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Families across the United States are gathering together today to celebrate Labor Day -- a time honored tradition that we've set aside for over a century -- and remember the contributions of workers. The cookouts, parades, and end of summer rituals are unique ways that we celebrate this very American holiday. But the recognition of working people -- be it in May or September -- through a holiday and tradition devoted to no particular gender, individual, battle, group, or saint is also unique. It is a holiday we all share.
It has only been six months since the world witnessed the remarkable transformations taking place in the Middle East. The self-immolation of a Tunisian street vendor, who was concerned about not being able to feed his family, has resonated with workers everywhere. Workers, in countries as different from one another as one could imagine, are speaking up for decent wages, social justice and a political and economic voice in their daily lives. Clearly, dignity at work is a universal aspiration.
And as the financial crisis of the last three years has shown, the stability of global economy still poses enormous challenges. An economic crisis in one country can be felt on factory floors half a world away. Much of the world is still experiencing continuing high employment, lack of jobs for young people, discrimination towards women and growing disenfranchisement among migrant workers and refugees.
As workers take advantage of greater political space and start to speak up for better wages, equality, job stability, and the right to form their own independent organizations -- our labor office at the State Department will support the "voice of the street" and work to strengthen respect for labor rights as human rights in our policies and programs.
Secretary Clinton captured this focus perfectly in her speech on development in the 21st century, in which she said:
"...We cannot build a stable, global economy when hundreds of millions of workers and families find themselves on the wrong side of globalization, cut off from markets and out of reach of modern technologies… And we cannot advance democracy and human rights when hunger and poverty threaten to undermine the good governance and rule of law needed to make those rights real."
This is why our efforts to promote labor diplomacy are focused on ensuring that the global economy is working for everyone. This includes advocating for dignity at work and recognizing that honest labor, fairly compensated, gives meaning and structure to people's lives and enables every family and all children to rise as far as their talents will take them.
Honoring our values -- working to end to discrimination, an end to forced and child labor, and recognizing the right of people to organize and bargain in a civil and peaceful way. These are not just labor rights, they are human rights.
Today, to each and every one of you and to your families on Labor Day, I wish you the best as we work towards a more prosperous and peaceful world.


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puerhking wrote:One of my shipments from YS never made it to me. I assumed it was siezed. When a replacement was sent the box had yellow department of homeland security tape on it and it had been opened. There was a large bag of yunnan gold tips that had a conspicuous chunk missing out of one corners of the bag. I guess to test it to see if it was a big bag of weed....lol.
shogun89 wrote:If I ever recieve a cake with a chunk out of it I am going to find that SOB and mess him up!!!!


text: This work describes the analysis of concentrating solar power (CSP) in two studies- The SunShot Vision Study and the Renewable Electricity Futures Study, and the potential role of CSP in a future energy mix.The SunShot Vision Study evaluated the impact of low-cost solar technologies, while the Renewable Electricity Futures Study analyzed the grid benefits and impacts of providing up to 90% of the nation's electricity from renewables. A wide range of renewable technologies was evaluated in these studies, including CSP. As a result, these studies provide insights into the potential opportunities and challenges for large-scale deployment of CSP and its benefits as an enabling technology and source of dispatchable energy.


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Skip to comments.Daley gun control plan has new twists [Barf Alert]
Posted on 02/20/2008 8:26:17 AM PST by kiriath_jearim
Moved by the shooting deaths of five students at Northern Illinois University, Mayor Daley today unveiled his annual package of gun control legislation, even as a state senate sponsor acknowledged that none of the bills could have prevented the tragedy.
Once again, Daley wants to ban semiautomatic assault weapons and .50-caliber military-grade rifles, use the State Police to license gun dealers and limit handgun purchases to one a month per person.
(Excerpt) Read more at suntimes.com ...
I could have sworn the NIU perp used a shotgun.
Why does anyone who supports the 2A live in Chicago? (or even IL for that matter)
Isn't his city already covered by all these laws? I know the gang bangers in Chicago respect him for his stance on gun control, his banning of firearms in the city has made them feel so much safer when they are out and about terrorizing the decent people who live there night after night.
The weather.
Nothing like openly admitting that what is bad for individuals is good for Democrats. They are like vultures feeding off the dead.
That's one of the few bad things about Chicago. It's a great city otherwise.
And once Obama is in the White House with a fillibuster-proof senate the first time one of these mass shooting happens I would not be at all surprised if there is legislation passed and signed into law that bans all manner of weapons, mandates storage requirements, limits purchases, puts a national registration into effect, etc., etc. And the courts will sustain it because they will have been packed with activist, leftist judges.
And it would make me wait 2 months to get into Cowboy Action Shooting as you need 2 six-shooters!
It may be the OLNY ONE but it is enough that I would never live there.
Why would you submit to having your RIGHTS taken from you?
I guess he's afraid the peasants will come after his limo.
I live outside of the city so the laws don't apply to me! Best of both worlds...
We can only hope.
Proof they are using the NIU shooting for political effect. Enemies foreign and domestic.
wait till they find out that barrett now makes a .416 barrett is is accurate further than the .50 cal
I thought all dealers were federally licensed. What is state licensing going to do?
Sure it did.
And I wouldn't have been subject to Daly's new rules.
Because I bot it off a LEO friend...no papers, no registration.
What's gonna stop the CROOK, MURDERER, RAPIST, ROBBER from doing the same?
I live outside of the city so the laws dont apply to me! Best of both worlds...The last round of new restrictions was implemented by Cook County, so everybody living within a few dozen miles of Chicago was subject to the new ban. And Daley's latest proposals he is trying to get passed for the entire state of Illinois. He'd try to eliminate the CCW and ban handguns in Indiana too if he could, but even Blago's clout doesn't extend quite that far. Chicago is the fundamental reason Illinois not only doesn't have any provision for a carry permit, but it's actually a Felony for the serfs to be caught with a concealed weapon. Meanwhile, Aldermen can carry, and Daley has a whole squad of personal bodyguards.
The 30 round clips are really, really heavy...
*Armor & Brick Piercing
Unless you shoot the tracer versions...they're a lot...um....lighter ;-)
why do we "suffer fools" who wish to abolish the second amendmetn via regulation?
WE should not be the onese haveing to accomodate these fools gladly.
THEY have to come to the majority view of thise issue.
We majority need to brand these buffoons like daily as simply socialists and have their anti-second opinion discredit them from the public discussion.
Yuk! I get it!
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Six women and four men from the Laker Soccer programs have been named to All-Region Teams for the fall of 2012 soccer season.
Earning First Team All-Region for the women were Lizzy Rasmussen of Farmington, Utah, and Brooke Saxton of North Ogden, Utah. Second Team All-Region honors went to Joy Westwood of Bluffdale, Utah, and Jill Brockbank of West Jordan, Utah. Cortnee Sanchez of Brigham City, Utah, and Makayla Morris of Layton, Utah, were selected for Honorable Mention All-Region.
Eric Browne of Dublin, Ireland, was named to the First Team All-Region for the men. Milo Bruce-Burgess of Brockenhurst, England, earned Second Team All-Region honors. Receiving Honorable Mention were Peter Funaro of Sandy, Utah, and Tanner Collins of Hyrum, Utah.
|Lizzy Rasmussen
|Brooke Saxton
|Joy Westwood
|Jill Brockbank
|Cortnee Sanchez
|Makayla Morris
|Erick Browne
|Milo Bruce-Burgess
|Peter Funaro
|Tanner Collins


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About the Author: Kelly McCaleb is a Foreign Service Officer currently serving in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs.
Governments alone can't solve the many problems caused by landmines and explosive remnants of war in post-conflict countries around the world. That's why the State Department's Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement works with a host of partner organizations through public-private partnerships to help make the world safe from the humanitarian impact of landmines, unexploded and abandoned ordnance, deteriorating stockpiles of munitions, and illicit conventional weapons.
One of the many non-governmental organizations that has partnered with the State Department for the last 12 years, Roots of Peace, a California-based humanitarian organization, is dedicated to eradicating landmines worldwide and rehabilitating agricultural land to make it productive once more.
Roots of Peace Founder Heidi Kuhn focuses not only on demining, but also on replanting and rebuilding to promote recovery by rebuilding agricultural infrastructure commonly disrupted by landmines during conflicts. In her own words, "We have the ability within our midst, as humankind, to solve this problem."
Roots of Peace has been turning mines to vines in the war-torn regions of Croatia since 1999. With contributions from the State Department and other donors, and in close cooperation with the Croatian Mine Action Center (CROMAC), Roots of Peace has funded the clearance of over 500,000 square meters of land in Croatia, removing landmines and unexploded ordnance. Many of these clearance projects, which were executed by local Croatian demining companies, were facilitated through the Slovenia-based International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance, and matched by the State Department. For example, in Ilok, where some of the most intense fighting during the Balkan conflict took place, Roots of Peace funded the clearance of nearly 65,000 square meters of land. Today, grape growers and winemakers alike are able to reap the benefits of the agricultural wealth of the region.
Both sides of the border suffered from the cruel legacy of landmines planted in the 1990s. Another area that was contaminated by landmines during the conflict lies along the border of the Serb village of Cista Male and the Croat village of Cista Velika. There, Roots of Peace, in collaboration with the State Department and other international donors, safely cleared nearly 234,000 square meters of prime agricultural land, benefiting both villages. Today, the children of Cista Male and Cista Velika are able to play without fear throughout the area. Further, economic prosperity has been sparked in the region once again. With the prospect of planting grapes and producing wine, a renewal of friendship and shared prosperity is now in reach.
From pomegranates in Afghanistan, to cacao in Vietnam, Roots of Peace is turning over the seeds of war and planting harvests of hope around the world. On the horizon, Roots of Peace is looking forward to launching a pilot program in Israel. Kuhn is excited for the opportunity to work in a new region, planting seeds of peace and turning mines into vines.
The United States is proud to be the world's single largest financial supporter of humanitarian mine action. Under the U.S. Humanitarian Mine Action program -- a partnership among the State Department, the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- the United States has provided more than $1.8 billion toward landmine clearance and conventional weapons destruction in more than 80 countries.
Pam in West Virginia writes:
What a fabulous program; needed in all too many places.
Dahib M. O. in Somalia writes:
Thanks to the US and specially, One of the many non-governmental organizations that has partnered with the State Department for the last 12 years, Roots of Peace, a California-based humanitarian organization, is dedicated to eradicating land-mines worldwide and rehabilitating agricultural land to make it productive once more.
Before the action has taken imagine how many people in both villages were suffering the contamination of land-mines and explosive remnants of war.
This is a great impact and continue to clear the other neighbored areas for same action.
Ivan Grdesic, former Croatia Ambassador to the United States, writes:
Congratulations to Roots of Peace and visionary founder and leader Heidi Kühn. It was my privilege and pleasure to support and help Roots of Peace during my tenure as Croatian ambassador to US. In May of 2001 Roots of Peace launched its new web site at the Croatian Embassy.


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Davis & Gilbert LLP: Study of "Up To" Claims Suggests Possible Change in FTC Standard
August 14, 2012
This advertising alert from Davis & Gilbert LLP discusses a recent Federal Trade Commission (FTC) study of marketers' use of the phrase "up to" in claims surrounding their products or services, and the potential new substantiation requirements that may now be necessary as a result.
Members Only Content
This content is available to ANA Members only. Please login below or create an account.
You may already be a member. Find out if your company is already an ANA member.


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Yuan, Chu
Chu Yuan 340? B.C.-278? B.C.
Chinese poet.
Revered in China not only for his innovative and imaginative poetry but for his exemplary character, Chu Yuan is credited as the author of twenty-five poems, the best known of which is the "Li-sao" (Encountering Sorrow). He is considered one of ancient China's finest poets and was hugely influential on all later poets; his work broke a span of some three hundred years in which no extant important Chinese poetry was written. Chu quickly grew to legendary proportions, becoming a symbol against treachery and corruption.
Biographical Information
Chu Yuan was born at the end of the Chou Dynasty into the ruling house of Chu, a powerful state in central China from which the first part of his name was taken. He grew up to attain a high position, second only to the prime minister, under its ruler, Huai-wang. During a time of great upheaval in China, with states warring against and seeking alliances with one another, a jealous officer, Shang Kuan, slandered Chu Yuan. The slander was believed by the King and Chu Yuan was banished. His political career ruined, he wandered about China in despair, studying the common folk and writing poetry. Called back, he again was banished by Huai-wang's successor. Hoping the new King would eventually relent, Chu Yuan wandered south of the Yangtze river for years until one day he clutched a heavy stone to his chest and jumped into the river Milo and drowned. The Dragon Boat Festival, which China celebrates on the fifth day of the fifth month of each year, commemorates his death. On this day glutinous rice wrapped in leaves is thrown into rivers as a sacrifice to him—either as food for him, or food for dragons so that they are not tempted to eat him. Although this custom was widely practiced before Chu Yuan's death, public perception that it originated to honor Chu Yuan has supplanted its original meaning.
Major Works
Chu Yuan is generally identified as the author of twenty-five surviving poems (all in the Songs of Chu authology), but it is not possible to know with certainty which poems he wrote and which he did not; scholars disagree about which to include and which to exclude from his canon. The 375-line "Li-sao" opens the Songs of Chu. It is an autobiographical lament on an emperor's belief in falsehoods about a loyal subject. The poet tells of his desire only to serve a wise king in an honest manner. But that is not to be, for his good intentions have been slandered and his virtue unrecognized. Preparing to drown himself, he is magically transported into the air, where he begins a long and unfruitful journey searching for a deserving king. Among Chu Yuen's other most admired works are the "Nine Songs," which were based on religious songs used in his homeland, "Calling Back the Soul," which was intended to be used by sorcerers to heal the sick, and "Tien Wen," which represents many ancient Chinese myths and legends.
Critical Reception
Chu Yuan is considered by many critics to be China's greatest poet. No precedents are known for the form he used, and thus he is credited with being a tremendous innovator as well as practitioner. It is difficult, if not impossible, to separate his work from the myth surrounding him. James R. Hightower has written: "During the past two thousand years Ch'u Yüan has been perhaps the most written-about literary figure in Chinese history. The melancholy poet and frustrated bureaucrat has captured the imagination of Chinese readers.… Except for Confucius himself no one has enjoyed such emotionally charged esteem, and Ch'u Yüan's rare detractors have fared badly at the hands of the majority." Hightower continues by pointing out that Western readers generally do not understand the reason for such acclaim and that they do not find Chu Yuan's poems to be the best examples of early Chinese poetry. Hightower believes it is Chu Yuan's heroic status in China that accounts for the differences in perception. Cheng Chen-to writes that Chu Yuan "drew upon historical studies, ancient myths and legends, observations of living things and natural phenomena. With his incomparably rich imagination, his sincerity and nobility of spirit and boundless and beautiful vocabulary, he organized and developed his knowledge of the past and the events of his time as the power of spring develops a garden of luxuriant flowers."
Principal English Translations
The Li Sao, An Elegy on Encountering Sorrows by Chü Yüan (translated by Lin Boon Keng) 1929
The White Pony (edited by Robert Payne) 1947
Li Sao and Other Poems of Chü Yüan (translated by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang) 1953
Selected Poems of Chü Yüan (translated by Sun Dayü) 1994
F. X. Biallas (essay date 1928)
SOURCE: "K'ü Yüan, His Life and Poems," Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, No. 59, 1928, pp. 231-53.
[In the following essay, Biallas discusses Chu Yuan's life, banishment, and suicide; explains how he reached legendary status; presents current critical opinions of him; and offers new translations and commentary on some of his overlooked poems. Chinese characters have been edited out of the text.]
The name of the statesman and poet K'ü Yüan is closely linked with the Dragon Boat Festival which the Chinese celebrate each year on the fifth day of the fifth month of their calendar. When K'ü Yüan, thus one tradition goes, not being able to bear the sad fate of his banishment any more, clasped a stone to his breast and drowned himself in the river Mi-lo, an affluent of the Tung-t'ing lake, in Hu-nan, about 290 B.c., the people of the neighbourhood, who knew him well, ran to the place of the tragedy and tried to save him or to search for his body. Being without success, they lamented him and each year on this day commemorated his sad end on rivers and lakes by races with dragon-shaped boats or boats on which dragons were carved or painted. They threw rice into the water at the same time in his honour or as food for him and to prevent dragons and fishes eating it, they put it in bamboo-sticks or wrapped small quantities of sticky rice, sugar, and fruit in leaves of rushes. Thus it became a custom to eat leaf-wrapped parcels of sticky rice on that day and to commemorate the death of K'ü Yüan on the Dragon Boat Festival, over the greater part of China.
Although this narrative of the origin of the Festival and its customs is only a legend, as appears at first sight and we shall see more clearly presently, it surrounds the name and end of K'ü Yüan with a shimmer of glory and brings his works and their importance into a relief which is quite fitting and ingenious.
There are three reasons why this man and his poems are given a special consideration in Chinese literature as well as in European Sinology. In the first place, he was an excellent and noble character who endeavoured to help his king and country during troubled times, but failed to be recognized in his intentions and endeavours, was exiled and ended his life by suicide, and thus lives in history as a type of an honest and loyal minister. Secondly, he was a true and gifted poet, who sang of his life, his ideals, intentions, his sad fate, troubles and sorrows in poems which started a new period in Chinese poetry that had been silent for about three hundred years after the last songs of the Shï-king. Lastly, he was well versed in the sciences of his time, had a thorough acquaintance with the mythology, the beliefs and customs of his country (the southern part of China), used it in his poems and thus made them for us a rich source of knowledge of the Chinese civilisation of that time.
These reasons explain sufficiently why K'ü Yüan and his poems have aroused so great an interest in the Chinese themselves as well as in Europeans who have tried to get an idea of "things Chinese." The same reasons hold good for a further interest and study in the same direction, because here, as in almost all parts of Sinology, we are more at the beginning than at the end of our researches and understanding. Some translations have been made of Yüan's poems, partly good, partly less so; some poems have been little touched upon, some not at all; different questions are raised about Chinese civilisation through his works, sometimes rather interesting questions, but we can not say much about them, if we do not know the poems themselves. Therefore I have worked a little on K'ü Yüan, his life and poems and I hope to be able and think it not amiss to give a general survey of our present knowledge and opinions about them.
The life of K'ü Yüan as always portrayed in Sinology is based on the biography which Sï-ma Ts'ien gives in one of the Lie-chuan of the Shï-ki. This Lie-chuan ("K'ü Yüan and Kia I") containing the biography of K'ü Yüan and Kia I is rather long, but alas! it offers more discussions and reflections than dates and facts. Besides, there are some points in it rather confused and inconsistent, with the result that Dr. Hu Shï in an article in the Endeavour, tries to prove that the whole chapter is not trustworthy and that even the existence of K'ü Yüan before the Ts'in is doubtful. Although it must be admitted that there are some uncertainties about the life of K'ü Yüan and some confusion in this Lie-chuan, no other Chinese scholar (as far as I know) doubts its authenticity; Lu K'an-ju, has published in recent years a special book on K'ü Yüan and refutes the opinion of Hu Shï. I have translated the biography of Sï-ma Ts'ien, with another left by Liu Hsiang, in his book, have considered the different questions and arguments and think there is no reason to doubt about K'ü Yüan as portrayed by Sïma Ts'ien and others.1
The home of K'ü Yüan was one of the many states of China at the end of the Chou Dynasty, called Ch'u. The central part of this kingdom was in the beginning the province of Hupei and it spread by and by over the adjoining provinces of Hu-nan, Ho-nan, An-huei and Kiang-su, and at the height of its power even reached the mouth of the Yang-tse (i.e., about the time when our poet was born). The names given to it, "Land of Thorns," and later on Ch'u and to its inhabitants "Man-I Barbarians," show that at that time, ca. 700 B.C., it was populated by some tribes rather different from the other Chinese; by and by the land was colonised by the Chinese and the Barbarians were driven more and more to the frontiers of Hu-nan, Kuei-chou, Yün-nan and other places. Different names of persons of Ch'u, transmitted by the Tso-chuan and expressions such as "the shrike-tongued barbarian," which Mêng-tsï uses about a man of Ch'u, seem to show that the language of the land was different from Chinese; but it is hard so say, how far the old language of the "Man" tribes still was spoken even at the Court of Ch'u in the time of K'ü Yüan.2
The land was ruled by kings who claimed kinship with the old Chinese Imperial family. Their family became divided into three princely branches, the chiefs of which used as their surnames the names of several appanages with which their ancestors had been invested. Those were Chao, K'ü, and King. Our poet was a descendant of K'ü and lived under the kings of Ch'u, Huai (328-299 B.C.) and K'ing Siang (298-263 B.C.). This is the only certain indication of time we can give about his life. We mostly find the date of his birth given as the year 332 B.C., which is taken from the first stanza of the Li-sao where K'ü Yüan says:
"A descendant am I of the Emperor Kao-
My excellent deceased father was called Pei-
In the year Shê-t'i, just in the first month of
On the day Kêng-yin I was born."
But we can not say exactly which year this was. There is no doubt that K'ü Yüan was already before 312 in a high position. Now, Lu K'an-ju says that if Yüan had been born in the year 332, he would have been, before he finished his twentieth year, in one of the highest positions of the mightiest state in China at that time, which seems very improbable. Therefore, he thinks Yüan must have been born at least about 340. I think there is some weight in his words.
Yüan is also called P'ing. Some say this is his ming, and Yüan his tsï; but there is no certainty about that either. The same uncertainty reigns about the stanza of the Li-sao where he says: "He (his father) named me 'Correct pattern,' and afterwards styled me 'Wonderful equilibrium."' Whether these are poetical equivalents of Yüan and P'ing or new names, we do not know.
Yüan of K'ü or P'ing of K'ü, as he may be correctly styled, was well-gifted and well-educated and strove to develop his faculties, as he often tells us in his poems. Therefore, and also on account of his relationship and friendship with the king, he was soon called to high position in Ch'u. Sï-ma says: "He was the 'minister of the left"' of King Huai, skilful in both orderly and disorderly times, possessed of extensive information and with great energy, expert in the composition of governmental notifications and orders. In council he deliberated with and advised the king on the business of the State; out of the council he was employed in the reception of visitors and guests, and in communicating with the princes who came to the Court. The king employed him a great deal. But the great officer Shang Kuan of the same rank as Yuan had long striven for the favour which he enjoyed, and was his enemy at heart, wishing to deprive him of his influence and power.
On one occasion (thus Sï-ma Ts'ien continues his narrative of the event that was of so great consequence in the life of Yüan), when King Huai had appointed K'ü P'ing to draw up a governmental proclamation, and he had made a draft of it, but had not finally written it out, this tai-fu, Shang Kuan, wished to carry it off, but K'ü P'ing refused to give it to him. The other slandered him to the king, saying, 'All are aware that Your Majesty employs K'ü P'ing to prepare notifications. Whenever a notice comes out, P'ing boasts of his services, and says, 'If it were not for me, nobody could do it.' This made the king angry and he removed K'ü P'ing (from his office).
K'ü P'ing was much pained that the king listened to such a charge against him without discrimination; that slanderers and flatterers were able to obscure (the king's) intelligence, that the justice (of his words) was perverted by their injurious and contemptible misrepresentations, while his loyalty and sincerity were not acknowledged. He therefore became sorrowful, brooded moodily over his case and composed the Li-sao, which may be considered as equivalent to 'Fallen into trouble.'
This is the way the great historian speaks about the most important fact in the life of our poet. Later on he tells his ideas about kings who do not know how to employ the right men, about the poem Li-sao, comparing it with parts of the Shï-king, writes an eulogium of K'ü Yüan, and lastly resumes the historical narrative and seems to make up for what he omitted to tell in the beginning. In all, Sï-ma seems to be specially interested in praising the loyal and honest minister and showing how kings are often deaf to right counsels and cause thus the ruin of their countries. No doubt, I think, the historian had in view the sad story of his own life when he wrote this Lie-chuan.
Comparing the biography written by Sï-ma with what Liu Hiang says and with the sayings in the poems of Yuan himself, Lu K'an-ju is very right, I think, in putting the dates of the poet's life in the following way:
With the personal intrigue of the tai-fu Shang Kuan against Yüan there was probably mixed right in the beginning some political intrigue. It was the time of the Contending States. Ch'u was at that time the mightiest state in China, but its rival was the mighty Ts'in. By 318 B.C. seven of the States had united in a confederation of which Ch'u was the head. Yüan was against Ts'in and tried by all means to persuade Ch'u to be on friendly terms with Ts'i; it may even be that he had some family relations with that state. Thus he was a foe to Ts'in and hated by its king and his minister Chang I, who personally hated Ch'u, because he was once maltreated there. Ts'in tried to induce the king of Ch'u to break with Ts'i, which he really did in 313. Thus it is quite natural that Ts'in and his minister strove to do away with the influential minister and councillor of the King of Ch'u. All means were good for Ts'in and Chang I which led to success: calumny, lies, bribery, etc. At the Court of Ch'u the tai-fu Shang Kuan, the Sï-ma (marshal) Tsi Ts'io, the ling-yi (first councillor) Tsï-lan and the concubine of the king, Chêngsiu, were the most influential persons and enemies of K'ü Yüan. And thus I think personal intrigue was linked with political to remove K'ü Yüan, and was successful. Yüan was removed from his office and probably even banished from the city and court.
But the king of Ch'u got very soon to know how he had been cheated by Ts'in and Chang I. Ts'in started war against Ch'u and the latter was beaten. King Huai saw how well Yüan was justified, called him back, and, it seems, sent him to Ts'i to renew the old relations with that country. But during the absence of Yüan, Chang I came again to Ch'u and was put in prison, yet afterwards Huai let him free and even honoured him, induced by belief in false promises. It seems that Yüan was not called to his former office, but from now was only the "great officer of the three families."
Finally, Ts'in tried to get hold of King Huai by a mean trick. A marriage was proposed between Ts'in and Ch'u, and King Huai was asked to come to Ts'in for the arrangement. Yüan was against that, saying that Ts'in being a country of tigers and wolves could not be trusted. All others of the entourage of the king were for the proposal and the king went to Ts'in, was detained and fled to Chao; Chao sent him back to Ts'in where he died, and was brought to Ch'u to be buried (396 B.C.). The excitement in Ch'u was great and all pointed to those who had given the king the bad advice. Yüan was not silent and therefore was again accused to the new king K'ing Siang, and banished to the southern parts of Ch'u, to Hu-nan.
He wandered around, waiting in vain, believing the king would call him back, till he at last ended his life by drowning himself in the river Mi-lo. In one of his poems he speaks of his nine years of banishment. But we do not know if he really finished his life this same year, or when his exile began. Therefore like the year of his birth, that of his death is uncertain; Lu K'an-ju gives the year 290, others about 285, etc.
H. Maspero4 even thinks K'ü Yüan did not throw himself in the river Mi-lo, but died on one of the domains of his family, which may have been down in Hu-nan. The tradition of his suicide would then be only a dramatic interpretation of the suicide-theme, of which Yuan speaks in one of his cantos, in the Si-wang-jih, "Lament over days gone by." Although such a tradition could easily originate in such a way, I cannot see how it could become so general so soon after the death of the poet, if it was without any foundation in fact.
As to the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival being the tragic death of our poet, there cannot be any doubt that this is only an euhemeristic explanation, i.e., there was another reason for these races with dragon boats, but the former meaning having been forgotten or weakened in the memory, the people put another fact or person in the place of mythological or other ideas.
In the first p)ace, it is not natural to suppose that a custom so widely spread—it is partly related to a custom of the Malay peoples and the Japanese—could originate on account of a man who was only known in a part of China; then there are in other provinces other persons in whose honour these races are said to be held. This Festival is also called the Summer Solstice Festival and that seems to show, as De Groot rightly supposes, that the races were made in honour of the Spirits of rivers and lakes in general, to implore the rain so badly needed at that time of the year for the crops. We may compare this euhemeristic explanation with that given of the Festivals of Ts'ing-ming and Han-shih, which were Spring Festivals and to which later on the narratives of historical persons and their deeds were credited.5
Myths and legends lose their meaning and attractiveness with time and the people will and must have more facts and persons which interest more their imagination and minds, and which they can honour and imitate at the same time and which seem to have a relation to some special Festival. So it was with the picturesque Dragon Boat Festival and the tragic figure of Yüan. First, there was probably a coincidence of time. According to tradition Yüan ended his life at the time of the Summer Solstice. He is supposed to have composed the song Huai-sha "Embracing the stone" before his death; now this poem begins:
"How vast the flowing of the streams in the
first month of Summer!
How luxuriant the grass and the trees!
With wounded heart and constant grief
I press along the regions of the South."
Then he was an honest and loyal man but vilified and persecuted by hatred and calumny, and thus he appears as a luminous character on the dark background of his time, who attracted the eyes of all, and did this still more, because he was a poet who sang of his fate in poems which made him immortal and successful, though he was unsuccessful in his political life and strife. The tragic death of such a noble man and great poet seemed worthy, to become the theme of the most poetical and picturesque Festival the Chinese have.
The poems of K'ü Yüan have been since the Catalogue of the Suei united with various poems of his disciples and followers under the name of Ch'u-ts'ï; which has been translated as "Elegies of Ch'u"; H. A. Giles proposes "Rhapsodies of Ch'u." These poems are marked externately by an irregular metre and the regular use of the particle hi—"alas!"; their contents are concerned with personal events, ideas or feelings, mostly of an elegiacal, mournful character. Thus there is some reason to call them Elegies, and some reason to style them Rhapsodies, but both expressions seem to me imperfect and I would simply use the Chinese name Ch'u-ts'ï; just as we speak of the Shï-king, the Shu-king and so on, since it is hard to find a perfectly equivalent translation. About the form of the Ch'u-ts'ï I have written in my Introduction to the Yüan-yu; on the evolution of Chinese poetry and the position the Ch'u-ts'ï occupy in Chinese literature as far as is known to-day, the reader can consult the explanation given by G. Marsoulies and A. Waley.6
The number of the poems of K'ü Yüan is given as twenty-five in the first mention of them in the Catalogue of the Han, and the Chinese tradition is, generally speaking, uniform as to which these twenty-five poems are. There were in former times amongst the Chinese some differences about some other poems as to whether they were by K'ü Yüan or others. I will leave those aside and speak only of those generally recognized as works of our poet.
I shall go now through the various poems laying stress on those which have been less noticed or which seem to be specially characteristic of Yüan and his work.
The best known is the Li-sao. It has been translated into German by A. Pfizmaier, into French by D'Hervey de Saint-Denys and into English by J. Legge, who has given the most complete discussion of it according to the Chinese commentators (J.R.A.S., 1895). I think we could make some improvements in all these translations in several points because of our present knowledge of the Chinese language and poetry, but it would be of little use, before we know all the other poems. Although the poems seem rather easy at first sight (cf. J. Edkins), the difficulty begins when we intend to give the exact meaning of all his words, sentences and expressions. There are four characteristics we must not forget in our study and which appear best in the Li-sao, too. (1) Yüan's poems are most personal; he speaks of himself, his ideas, intentions, experiences, sorrows. It would be easier to understand what he says if we know better all the different events of his life; but for many facts we only can guess through his poems as to what happened to him. (2) There is a constant use of mythological language. But Chinese mythology is to us rather an unknown terrain; many subjects we have got to know of only because they are mentioned by Yüan. (3) The constant use of personification and (4) the use of metaphors. We know how easily a metaphor is changed into a personification and thus we often do not know what the poet wants to say. Take now the imperfection of our knowledge of the vocabulary and grammar of the old Chinese language and it will be seen what difficulties we meet in trying to understand and translate K'ü Yüan and the Ch'u-ts'ï in general.
Legge discusses the contents of the Li-sao, following Chinese authors, in fourteen sections; I think two will do.
In the first part Yuan tells about his origin, his name, his education and intentions. He had intended (he says), to develop his natural talents and virtues, to strive for the ideals of the ancient saints and rulers, to be the helper and councillor of a wise king. But the world is bad, the king is blinded: his own virtues are envied, he is calumniated and cast away, exiled. He, therefore, will follow the example of P'êng-hien, a virtuous minister of olden times who failed to be recognized and drowned himself in a river. The sister of Yüan (if she be his sister really) admonishes him not to be too proud and not to separate himself from others and the world; but he thinks of the sad examples of men in history who met with ruin and cannot follow her advice. He goes to the mouldy grave of the old emperor Shun in...
(The entire section is 8992 words.)
Ho Chi-fang (essay date 1953)
SOURCE: "The Works of Chu Yuan," People's China, No. 14, July 16, 1953, pp. 5-9.
[In the following essay, Ho Chi-fang discusses Chu Yuan's political outlook and patriotism, and credits him as "the first to write poetry expressive of the individuality of the author."]
The works of Chu Yuan are strongly expressive of his political thought. This is so because not only is there always a close connection between literature and politics, but especially because in those ancient times the social division of labour was still relatively undeveloped and the writer was often also at the same time a statesman. Thus to have a clear understanding of Chu Yuan's thought, it is...
(The entire section is 2599 words.)
Yang Yu (essay date 1953)
SOURCE: "The People Commemorate Chu Yuan," People's China, No. 14, July 16, 1953, pp. 30-1.
[In the following essay, Yu discusses ancient and modern celebrations honoring Chu Yuan.]
On the fifth day of the fifth moon of the Lunar Calendar which this year fell on June 15, the Chinese people commemorated Chu Yuan, their first great patriot-poet. But this was not a usual celebration. In addition to traditional rites there were ceremonies that this 2,230-year-old occasion had never yet seen—scholarly dissertations and exhibitions on the poet and his life and times, all the most modern resources of public discussion of radio, press and theatre linking this great figure of...
(The entire section is 1017 words.)
Cheng Chen-To (essay date 1953)
SOURCE: "Chu Yuan: Poet-Patriot," China Reconstructs, Vol. 2, No. 5, 1953, pp. 14-7.
[In the following essay, Chen-To discusses Chu Yuan's political career, banishment, and his legacy.]
Chu Yuan (340-278 B.C.) was one of the great poets of ancient China. He was famous not only for the soaring imagery of his verse but also for his love of country and people. This year, at the instance of the World Peace Council, he is being commemorated throughout the world along with Francois Rabelais of France, Jose Marti of Cuba and Copernicus of Poland—three other giants of human thought.
How the Chinese people themselves have long regarded Chu Yuan is evident...
(The entire section is 2092 words.)
Kuo Mo-jo (essay date 1953)
SOURCE: "Chu Yuan, Ancient China's Patriot-Poet," People's China, No. 11, June 1, 1953, pp. 12-7.
[In the following excerpt, Kuo Mo-jo provides a biographical sketch of Chu Yuan with historical background and credits him with a poetic imagination unrivaled in Chinese literature.]
Chu Yuan is a great Chinese poet who lived more than two thousand years ago. He was not simply a poet, but also a thinker and statesman.
Chu Yuan was born in 340 B.C. during the Warring States period (403 B.C.—221 B.C.). The twelve great states of the Spring-and-Autumn period (770 B.C.—403 B.C.) had now been reduced to seven, which were...
(The entire section is 1638 words.)
James R. Hightower (essay date 1954)
SOURCE: "Ch'ü Yüan Studies" in Silver Jubilee Volume of the Zinbun-Kagaku-Kenkyusyo, Kyoto: Kyoto University, 1954, pp. 192-223.
[In the following essay, Hightower contends that perceptions of Chu Yuan as hero, patriot, and Marxist revolutionary have encouraged hagiography over scholarship. He also assesses some specific works concerning Chu Yuan, particularly regarding attribution of particular poems in the Chu Yuan canon. Chinese characters have been edited out of the text.]
One of the most perplexing and crucial problems in Chinese literary history centers around the controversial figure of Ch'ü Yüan. To some he is China's greatest poet; to others he is a...
(The entire section is 12296 words.)
C. H. Wang (essay date 1971-72)
SOURCE: "Sartorial Emblems and the Quest: A Comparative Study of the Li Sao and the Faerie Queene," Tamkang Review, Vol. II, No. 2, October, 1971 and Vol. III, No. 1, April 1972, pp. 309-28.
[In the following essay, Wang compares the allegorical style of the Li Sao with that of the Faerie Queene in terms of their presentation, dominant concepts, and "formative tropes." Chinese characters have been edited out of the text.]
Before Marinell marries Florimell in the twelfth canto of the fourth book of the Faerie Queene, Spenser in the eleventh canto devises a wedding of Thames and Medway. Many famous rivers from all over the...
(The entire section is 6966 words.)
Laurence A. Schneider (essay date 1980)
SOURCE: "Rites of Summer: Ch'ü Yuan in the Folk Tradition" in A Madman of Ch'u, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, pp. 125-57.
[In the following excerpt, Schneider analyzes the formation and evolution of the Chu Yuan folk cult and explores the purpose of some of the mythical elements concerning the poet.]
Tungting Hill floats on the lake. At its foot are hundreds of gilded halls where the jade virgins dwell, and music in every season carries to the crest of the hill. King Huai of Ch 'u made talented men compose poems by the lake …[and later he] gave ear to evil ministers and all the good men fled. Ch'u Yuian, dismissed for his...
(The entire section is 12302 words.)
Further Reading
Field, Stephen. Introduction to Tian Wen: A Chinese Book of Origins, ix-xvii. New York: New Directions, 1986.
Explains why it is unlikely that Chu Yuan wrote the Tian wen.
Kuo Mo-jo. Chu Yuan: A Play in Five Acts. Translated by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1953, 126p.
Revised 1942 drama that attacks the present-day Chiang clique indirectly by drawing parallels with Chu Yuan's struggles against corruption.
Chu Yuan. Selected Poems of Chui Yuan. Translated by Sun Dayü. Shanghai: Foreign Language Education Press, 1994, 665p.
Rendering of Chu Yuan's works into English by...
(The entire section is 100 words.)


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Cramer's 'Mad Money' Recap: Next Week's Game Plan
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Don't be so pessimistic that your lose sight of the positives, Jim Cramer told a live studio audience during his annual "Salute To The Troops" on "Mad Money."
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Date: March 28, 2012
Creator: Budnar, Ronald & Morrow, James R.
Description: This poster discusses the experiential learning activities developed for the UNT Quantitative Analysis in Kinesiology course, including technology components, video segments created, fully functional learning modules, flash learning activities, and integrated clicker technology.
Contributing Partner: UNT College of Education
Enhancing student-centered learning in Biomechanics (KINE3050) using new and emerging technological educational tools
Date: March 28, 2012
Creator: Vingren, Jakob L.
Description: Poster presented as part of the 2012 University Forum on Teaching & Learning at UNT. This poster describes a a project for a course using new and emerging technological educational tools. This project redesigned KINE-3050 (Biomechanics) as a blended course with the aim to enhance student-centered learning.
Contributing Partner: UNT College of Education


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Jim Cramer: 10 Stock Picks for 2013 (Updated With Videos)
Separately, Cramer noted that Hess' assets were worth more than the sum of their parts -- particularly the crown jewel Bakken acreage which has also benefitted companies like EOG and Continental Resources. This week, Elliott Associates is advocating the company spin-off its onshore U.S. shale assets, create an onshore MLP and divest international assets to close the gap to net asset value -- which Elliott pegs at $126/share. Read Jim Cramer's complete and prescient take on Hess, as well as nine other speculative stock ideas, reprinted in the speech below.
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- It's a deal conference. It's TheDeal conference . So let's talk deals, namely the ten deals I see happening in 2013, ten companies that will be transformed in one way or another that will lead to dramatically higher prices. Yep, I have ten stocks that I think are worth owning on a speculative basis for next year, although my normal rules apply, I would never recommend a stock on the basis of a corporate control event unless the fundamentals warranted owning it anyway.
You aren't going to hear me tout Dell(DELL) or Hewlett-Packard(HPQ) on a merger of equals, for example, because they are both equally bad and I wouldn't own either. Who would have Autonomy in that deal? Couldn't resist a little M&A black humor.
As tempting as it is to suggest that Microsoft(MSFT) buy Research in Motion (RIMM) , I think that the near 100% move off the bottom that the Blackberry maker has undergone, does preclude informed speculation in that ailing company. Sell sell sell right into the Goldman Sachs (GS) upgrade this morning.
Most transactions in 2012 were done because of fright, a fear of missing numbers, fear of no growth, and fear of being trapped in a relentlessly negative cohort. The latter is a widely overlooked factor in deal making, call it the ETF ball and chain. Companies, good and bad are now all parts of ETFs and the hedge funds, desirous of trading vehicles with bigger volume and a reluctance to get trapped individual securities now use these as trading instruments of choice. The hedge funds have homogenized and pasteurized individual companies through the power of ETFs. The ETFs are now responsible for a gigantic amount of the performance or lack thereof of an individual company's stock.


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Pawloski competent for animal abuse trial
HARRISVILLE – A 32-year-old ex-Marine faces a preliminary hearing Oct. 16 on charges he abused and tortured dogs and horses under his care.
Eighty-first District Court Judge Allen Yenior ruled Wednesday that Timothy A. Pawloski was competent to stand trial on charges in June that he abused and tortured five dogs and six horses he kept on property he rented at 3037 W. Fowler Road, Glennie.
"I took care of my animals like I was supposed to," Pawloski said a day before his hearing.
The case began May 6, when Deputy Mike London visited Pawloski's home, responding to a complaint that animals were being abused.
According to an arrest affidavit, the deputy warned Pawloski to provide food for the animals, who appeared to be thin and undernourished. London said there did not appear to be any food, and Pawloski said he was getting dog food and hay later that day.
London returned May 17, saw there was no food and told Pawloski to get the animals checked by a veterinarian. That same day, one of the dogs was missing and was found inside the house unable to walk. According to the affidavit, Pawloski said he had hit the animal while towing a disc.
All five dogs were unlicensed, so London gave Pawloski a ticket for $180.
On May 18, London returned with a large bag of dog food, meeting Dawn Marie Desjardins at the home. The 33-year-old woman said she was concerned about a pitbull Pawloski didn't like. She said Pawloski was thinking of killing the dog. The deputy seized the dog and took it to a veterinarian, where it was diagnosed as having air around its heart and blood in its stool. It also appeared to be starving.
Another woman, Ciara Rygwelski, said Pawloski was only providing water for the animals, and that she was feeding them because he wouldn't.
Pawloski was arrested on May 20 on a charge of abandoning and cruelty to four to 10 animals. He was provided a court-appointed attorney and posted a $5,000 bond. He also asked for a mental competency evaluation. Probate Court Judge Laura Frawley said the examination probably would show he was a sociopath. Frawley also told him as a condition of his bond to feed the animals on his property.
London, accompanied by a veterinarian, returned to the property on May 30 along with Alcona Undersheriff Matthew Perkins and found there was no feed for the animals.
On June 1, another deputy was called to the property to investigate a complaint that one of the horses had been poisoned. The animal was laying on the ground and appeared to be starving. The horse died the next day after a couple tried to provide care for it. An examination later showed the horse had suffered long-term starvation and acute mild colic.
Pawloski was stopped around 3:30 a.m. on June 3 for speeding on M-72 and McGregor Road, driving a red Chevrolet Impala. He was arrested for driving without a license that had been suspended, revoked or denied. He was also arrested on a charge of killing and torturing animals and posted a bond of $20,000 to get out of jail.
Yenior was given the case on Aug. 7 after Pawloski, through his attorney, asked to have Frawley removed as judge.
Former friends declined to talk about Pawloski for fear of retribution.
According to online records, Pawloski, then of Caseville, was pulled over November 2010 and arrested for having a loaded .44 caliber handgun with a scope concealed in his truck. His Alcona County files also indicated a charge of breaking and entering.
According to forms, Pawloski was in the U.S. Marine Corps in Iraq for almost four years and was injured. He is now receiving $3,000 a month in disability payments and reportedly suffers from PTSD.
In court Wednesday, Yenior said Pawloski makes $36,000 a year tax free, and thus does not qualify for a court-appointed attorney. He also asked Pawloski to pay the dog licensing fine of $180, but Pawloski said he didn't have the money.
Pawloski said he had one daughter, and thus qualified as being low-income, then said he had a second child, but the judge said he still makes too much money to qualify for aid. Pawloski also said the competency evaluation was not complete and he needed an additional evaluation.
Yenoir ruled otherwise and warned him to be ready to pay the $180 fine when he returns to court at 11 a.m. Oct. 16.
"If you don't, make sure you have your tooth brush with you or you're going to jail," Yenior said.
Betsy Lehndorff can be reached via email at firstname.lastname@example.com or by phone at 358-5693. Follow Betsy on Twitter @bl_alpenanews.


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The 2013 Sport Accord Games is an invitation only event. As such, 8 Male Teams and 4 Female Teams have been invited by the WTF to participate. The USA has been invited to have its Male Team participate in this event. The Sport Accord Games will take place October 23-24, 2013 in St. Petersburg, Russia. The Sport Accord Games is a Tag-Team competition. The stipulation is that this event will consist of teams of 6 male athletes whose combined weight total is equal to or less than 432 kg. The required date for USA Taekwondo to submit the names of our team members to the WTF is June 22, 2013.
USA Taekwondo is taking written applications for consideration for participation in this event. Applications for participation are due by 5:00pm MDT on Monday, June 10, 2013. Any applications that arrive at USA Taekwondo after June 10, 2013, after 5:00pm MDT will not be taken into consideration. The 2013 Sport Accord Games Selection Procedures govern team selection.
Male athletes who participated in the 2013 National Team Trial are strongly encouraged to apply. Priority will be given to current National Team Members, followed by B-Team Members. For full details, please read the selection procedures.
2013 Sport Accord Games Selection Procedures
2013 Sport Accord Athlete Application
Applications should be sent to Meredith Miller by email (email@example.com) or fax (719-866-4642)


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Secretary Clinton's 4th of July MessageAbout the Author: Brad Hanson serves with the Provincial Reconstruction Team in Herat Province, Afghanistan.
On July 2, 2009, the Lincoln Center in Herat hosted an interactive event to help educate our regular users and students about what Independence Day means to Americans. We had an audience of about 80 students, a majority of whom were high school age, and conducted the event almost entirely in English, giving the students a chance to practice their foreign language skills.
The students asked many thoughtful questions about how Americans celebrate July Fourth and inquired about the history behind the day. They wanted to know how young Americans celebrate Independence Day and whether they still honor the day as previous generations did.
I enlisted our summer intern, a Youth Exchange and Study Program (YES) alumnus, in responding to questions, since he had celebrated the Fourth of July three times with his American friends in New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, DC. His answers were superb, perhaps more meaningful to our audience than mine, coming from an Afghan their age who had actually experienced an American Independence Day himself.
Following the presentation, we gave the audience a short quiz, and the top 14 scorers received books in English. After the event was over, we continued to talk with the students who had additional comments and questions. An English lesson, modern technology, and an engaging alumnus of one of our most popular exchange programs, who really connected with his peers, proved to be a winning combination for an enjoyable and informative afternoon.
Related Entry: U.S. Embassy Kabul Salutes Friendship, Solidarity.


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>Runner's World - My Event Ratings>
In short: Superb in every respect, back next year come rain ,snow ,, or force gale winds .The worse the weather, the better Date of review: February 14, 2012
In short: Allways like this one. rain or sunshineIn full: Like the race alot. The medal could be improved and engraved to say the race. Other than that , very happy with the way it was organisedDate of review: January 29, 2012
In short: Good Race and enjoyed it .In full: Good Scenery and met some very interesting and inspiratrional people who do this distance on a weekly basis.The weather was excellent ,and the course difficult in places. Was hoping for just under 4 hours but happy with 4 hours 18 minutes, all things considered.Date of review: November 16, 2011
In short: Fantastic raceIn full: Best race i been to this year,with regards to the organisation and set up.The marshaling and points were superb.Had cramp 19km,and had to take it easy in to the finish butreally enjoyed this race.See you next yearDate of review: June 24, 2011
In short: BRUTALIn full: This was the hardest run i have done without question. I nearly threw in the towel at mile 18,but somehow found something within me to carry on and get this done.Yes ,i would do it again,but next time i know to be better prepared.Great organisation and support and thanks goes to the marshal who came to my aid to ask if i was ok on mile 18.5 Hours 26 mins,ok for a normal marathon would'nt be brilliant,but any time to complete this,in my book would be good.Date of review: May 2, 2011
In short: Heat took me by surprise,wish i had worn a vest.In full: Great run,friendly people and alot of very good runners.Well organised and will be back next year. Date of review: April 4, 2011
In short: 4 Mins slower than last year,but still enjoyed it and will be back next yearDate of review: September 3, 2010
In short: Very good and well organised.In full: Two good hills.Much better than last year and well done on the organisation,and the marshalling was good too.A really good trainer for Marathons.Friendly atmosphere.Thanks for the food at the end and a good medal.Put the miles on the medal would be good.Talking about the miles I think it worked out at 20.5 miles,as last mile was very short.Definitely back next year.Date of review: March 29, 2010
In short: Good weather this year,and run within my target time which is a result.In full: Organised well,to park a little further away gives you a good warm up so quit complaining.But please,please....I know you improved the memento this year to a tacky mug,instead of a tacky T shirt from last year.So next year lets have either a decent memento or a medal or if you really want to,do both like maidstone half did.A great run memorable like this deserves great prizes.Run this faster than last year and look forward to next year.....just to see what memento we'll get. Date of review: January 31, 2010
In short: Really enjoyed this as Date of review: November 22, 2009
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download official press release here.
Wesser, NC (March 4, 2013) – Nantahala Outdoor Center announces the launch of the NOC Elite Paddling Team and the signing of the Team's first member, USA whitewater slalom athlete Michal Smolen. The signing reflects NOC's longstanding commitment to leadership and excellence in the outdoor industry. Over the years, NOC has boasted over 22 Olympian staff members, and of those, two gold medalists. The Elite Paddling Team is NOC's strongest effort yet to encourage athletic development, providing direct training support to athletes. The team will eventually grow to include athletes in multiple paddlesports disciplines as well as other outdoor sports.
Smolen began his paddling career on the Nantahala as a youth member of the Nantahala Racing Club, a USA Canoe/Kayak Center of Excellence. Now, at age 19, he has been on the USA Canoe/Kayak National Slalom Team for two years, winning Team Trials in 2011 and finishing 2nd in 2012. "Michal is a promising and extremely dedicated young athlete, and we are pleased to have the opportunity to name him as the first member of the NOC Elite Paddling Team," said William Irving, NOC's VP of Leadership Development. NOC has developed clear training and performance standards that will apply to all members of the Elite Paddling Team. In return for demonstrating superior work ethic and achieving competitive goals, team members are rewarded with financial and logistical support to offset their training and competition expenses.
Smolen said he was, "Very proud and grateful to have been chosen for the team. I have a long season ahead of me, and this support will go towards my expenses from travelling to races."
Smolen came away with the gold medal from the season's first race, the NRC Glacier Breaker, on February 23 and will be returning to the Nantahala for the Bank of America US Open on March 23-24.
The Bank of America US Open is traditionally the last race in the United States preceding the annual USA Canoe/Kayak Slalom Team Trials. "Almost all the top US Athletes come to compete," said National Team Coach Silvan Poberaj. "Their performance here gives a good indication of who will be strong this season, and who worked hard over the winter. It also gives athletes a chance to fix problems before the beginning of the team selection process."
The Bank of America US Open is a two-day event, held on the Nantahala Falls Course. Excellent spectator access is provided via an adjacent US Forest Service walkway. The event is open to kayakers of all ability levels. For a full schedule of events, or to register to race, please visit http://www.nantahalaracingclub.com/events/bank-of-america-whitewater-us-open.
Michal Smolen – Top International Results:
Top National Results:
Media Contact:
Zuzana Vanha


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Mercedes ML550 2009, Magnum Flow™ Pro Dry S Panel Gray Air Filter by aFe®. Filter Types: Direct Fit Filter. Filter Shape: Panel. Filter Color: Gray. Constructed with 100% polyurethane on all four sides, this high flow "oil-free" OE replacement performance filter will outflow stock paper filter for improved horsepower and torque. Three layers of progressively finer mesh synthetic media provide maximum convenience and easy maintenance. Washable and reusable for multiple cleaning cycles, the tall open evenly spaced pleats provide excellent dust holding capacity for longer service cycle between cleanings. Integrated urethane bump seal insures tight, no leak seal over the life of the filter. In recent testing, this filter outflowed the factory filter by 31%.
- Filter Types: Direct Fit Filter
- Filter Shape: Panel
- Filter Color: Gray
- For Improved Horsepower And Torque
- Limited Lifetime Warranty
- Oil-Free Dry Synthetic Media
- Perfect Balance Of Performance Protection
- Improves airflow for better performance and acceleration
- Oil-free for easy quick servicing and yet washable/reuseable air filter for long service life with life-time warranty
aFe® (Advanced Flow Engineering, Inc.) manufactures performance products for late model cars, light trucks and SUVs. The company was founded in 1999 with an initial concentration on high performance air filters. Since then, the company product line has broadened to include cold air intakes, fluid filters, exhaust systems, intake manifolds, intercoolers, programmers, differential covers, transmission pans and throttle body spacers. The team of engineers, machinists, production and sales people at aFe® have many years of experience in their respective positions, and together work to ensure they produce the best automotive products on the market.


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In case of emergency, please call us immediately. If it is after hours, call
VCA Sacramento Veterinary Referral Center at 916-362-3111 or
VCA Bradshaw Animal Hospital at 916-685-2494
As part of the VCA family, we have over 83 specialty hospitals across the US and Canada which provide referral specialty care, so there may be one near you. Enter ZIP to find VCA specialty care hospitals near you.