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/ 2005 Conservation Innovation Grants
Heifer International (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee)
Hands-on Training and Mentoring in Management Intensive Prescribed Grazing for Limited Resource Farmers
Management Intensive Prescribed Grazing (MIPG) is a well documented yet still innovative approach to managing resource problems such as overgrazing and erosion. Prescribed grazing involves managing the controlled harvest of vegetation with grazing animals and planning for the subsequent regrowth and its utilization, according to producer objectives. Many producers have yet to adopt this practice because it is a complex way of managing the whole farm system and requires a significant investment in planning and monitoring of the farm. Given the challenges of implementing MIPG, limited resource farmers in particular resist adoption. With their restricted resources of time and money, these producers must see that conservation practices have an economic benefit before they can justify implementation. The purpose of this project is to develop and pilot an innovative, comprehensive training program to help limited resource farmers understand and implement MIPG Practices.
National Center for Appropriate Technology (Arizona, California, Georgia)
Sustainable American Cotton Project: Pesticide Reduction Innovations
Cotton fields are generally sprayed with a diverse group of insecticides. Impacts on nontarget organisms, as well as soil, air, and water resources, can be significant. Pesticide expenses also represent a significant cost to cotton producers. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate and evaluate the efficacy of installing beneficial insect habitat plantings in and adjacent to cotton fields. Results from initial testing indicate that beneficial plantings, not commonly used by producers, can reduce pesticide applications by over 60%.
Foundation for Agronomic Research, Inc. (Arkansas, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, North Dakota, New York)
Development and Implementation of Fertilizer BMP Guides for Six Selected Major Cropping Systems
Practices included in producers' nutrient management plans should be based on the best science and technology available. Currently, official nutrient management recommendations for many crops have not been updated for many years and do not adequately incorporate the latest science and technology available for site-specific management. Fertilizer management recommendations need to be updated to reflect new technology and recent university research, and there also is a need for better coordination of recommendations among neighboring states. The purpose of this project is to develop an up-to-date set of science based, well-documented Fertilizer Best Management Practice (BMP) Guides for each of six major cropping systems in order to guide nutrient management planning required for conservation programs (EQIP, CSP, TSP, etc.). A variety of education and outreach programs will also be developed and presented to encourage implementation of the practices in these BMP Guides by producers, their advisers and input suppliers, NRCS, and Extension staff.
Clemson University (Arkansas, South Carolina)
Demonstration of Site-Specific Nematicide Placement in Cotton for Water Quality Enhancement, Higher Lint Yields, and Increased Farm Profits
Cotton is the most important agronomic crop in the southern U.S. with an estimated production value of $6 billion. The U.S. cotton industry lost an estimated $300 million to nematodes in 2003, and yield losses in individual fields may reach 50 percent. To combat these losses, producers often apply nematicides at a uniform rate across an entire field or farm. Nematodes are not, however, uniformly distributed within fields and applying a nematicide at one rate over an entire field can be both costly and environmentally damaging. Site-specific nematode placement (SNP) is an innovative technology that can minimize the effect of production practices on the environment while optimizing farm profits. This technology matches field variability of nematode distribution with an appropriate variable-rate nematicide application, differentially applying chemical to match the needs of individual management zones within a field. SNP technology can lead to substantial reduction in chemical use and their adverse impact on ground and surface water quality while increasing yields by applying nematicides only where damaging levels of nematodes occur. The purpose of this project is to engage producers in the demonstration and evaluation of SNP on suitable farms in South Carolina and Arkansas.
Washington State University (Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Washington)
Development and Integration of a National Feed Management Education Program and Assessment Tools into a Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan (CNMP)
According to the EPA's Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) rule released in 2003, livestock and poultry operations defined as CAFOs are required to have a Nutrient Management Plan (NMP) by December 2006. For those that choose to develop a CNMP, which in most cases will satisfy the NMP requirement, there will be an immediate need for an understanding of the Feed Management element of the CNMP. Animal feed represents the largest import of nutrients onto farms, followed by commercial fertilizer. Although many NRCS employees are trained in developing most components of a CNMP, they often have little or no educational background in feed management. This project will develop, test, evaluate, and implement a National Feed Management Education Program and Assessment Tools. The project will help NRCS staff and agricultural professionals increase their understanding of feed management techniques and technologies in order to be able to adequately assist producers as they develop CNMPs to comply with the CAFO rule.
Iowa Cattlemen's Association (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota)
Multi-State Vegetative Treatment System Technology Implementation
Federal and state agencies continue to be concerned with potential risks to water bodies from cattle feedlot runoff. EPA's revised CAFO regulations allow the use of alternative performance standards to control discharge from feedlots over 1,000 head. EPA has established criteria stating that any alternative must be capable of providing equivalent performance to that achieved by a properly designed and operated 25-year, 24-hour discharge control system. Research has shown that if properly constructed and managed, these alternative treatment technologies can achieve functional equivalency to total containment systems at less cost to the producer. This project will expand on a pilot effort to design and evaluate the effectiveness of vegetative non-basin alternative feedlot technologies in six Midwestern states.
Food Alliance (Iowa, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin)
Promoting Market Incentives for Conservation
Food Alliance is a national nonprofit organization that creates market incentives for adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The Food Alliance certification and eco-labeling program is based on standards for socially and environmentally responsible agricultural practices. Farms and ranches that meet Food Alliance standards, as determined by third party inspections, are granted the right to use our eco-label (the second leading agricultural eco-label in the U.S. after "organic") to distinguish their products in the marketplace. The Food Alliance program is unique in that it is the only sustainable agriculture label that has specific criteria for conservation of soil, water, range and wildlife habitat. Growing market demand for certified products is a strong complement to federal incentives such as those provided by NRCS. The purpose of this project is to enroll over 130 producers in five states in Food Alliance's innovative eco-labeling program. An additional 30,000 producers will be engaged through a comprehensive outreach effort.
Missouri & Mississippi Divide RC&D (Iowa, North Dakota, Oregon, Wisconsin)
Innovating Conservation Outreach to Those Who Do Not Operate the Agricultural Land They Own
Sociological research and demographic data confirm that the American farming community is less and less a homogenous group of full-time family farmers and more and more a heterogeneous group composed of large, corporate farmers, part-time farmers, farm managers and absentee landowners. Special implementation strategies may be needed to achieve higher levels of conservation practice adoption among these non-traditional groups. These specialized approaches may be particularly relevant as conservation agencies focus their assistance on areas with the most critical resource problems where it may be necessary to work with a variety of client groups. In early 2005, the M&M Divide RC&D piloted an effort to demonstrate and evaluate an innovative approach to contacting and educating out-of-state landowners owning land in Carroll County, Iowa. Initial indications of the project's success are excellent. This project will expanding the pilot effort to eight additional counties, while testing and evaluating additional innovative approaches for engaging absentee landowners in agricultural conservation.
Missouri Department of Conservation (Missouri, Nebraska)
Evaluation of a Grazing System for Maintaining Grassland Integrity and Improving Upland Bird Habitat
North American tallgrass prairie ecosystems have been reduced to less than 2% of their original area. Periodic disturbances are vital to native grassland management. Fire, an important process maintaining grasslands in the past is prescribed in many grasslands. However, fire alone is not consistent with historical disturbance regimes. Practices utilizing grazing and fire create a mosaic of habitat types and may more closely resemble historical disturbance patterns. This project will demonstrate and evaluate vegetative structure and composition of tallgrass prairie flora and wildlife resulting from the use of patch burn grazing (PBG). Under this management scheme, one-third of each pasture will be burned annually. The intensity of grazing and resulting habitat structure will shift among patches through time as different patches are burned and previously grazed patches recover. The predicted advantages of PBG are: 1) vegetation structure and composition will differ among patches within a pasture; 2) the habitat mosaic created by the fire-grazing interaction will support more diverse plant and wildlife populations; and 3) PBG will prove economically competitive with traditional cool-season systems for raising beef cattle. PBG does not require internal cross fences or intensive supplemental feeding, but should yield competitive weight gains. PBG will be demonstrated at 5 Missouri and 2 Nebraska sites monitoring variables including floristic quality, vegetation structure, cattle activity patterns, economic benefits, and avian community responses.
Universal Entech, LLC (Arizona)
CAFO Water Conservation Commercial Demonstration Utilizing an Innovative Algal "Waste Nutrient" Filtration System
Effective water conservation practices are a growing concern in the US, especially in the arid West and Southwest regions that are experiencing high population growth and intense demands on water supplies. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are large water consumers and are under increasing pressure to develop best management practices (BMPs) that address water conservation measures. Many BMPs for agricultural producers, specifically CAFOs, simultaneously address water conservation along with water quality. Facultative lagoons and land application are standard nutrient management methods used by CAFOs, but these methods are suspected sources of nitrate contamination of ground and surface waters. Aeration, anaerobic digestions and constructed wetlands are alternative treatment methods, but these techniques alone cannot remove sufficient nutrients to make treated wastewater reusable, and therefore advanced nutrient removal strategies are sought. An innovative technology for nutrient management and water treatment is large-scale algae culture technology. Integrating our innovative technology into CAFO comprehensive nutrient management plans and systems is based on photosynthetic microalgae using solar energy to rapidly uptake nitrogen and phosphorous (N and P), and in the process producing clean water for reuse. This CAFO wastewater treatment and water recycling/conservation project is designed to showcase and transfer a proven, high-rate, algal filtration concept which requires minimal land space or manual supervision to treat and recycle high-strength CAFO wastewaters.
Willcox-San Simon NRCD (Arizona)
Application of Technology to Maximize Water Conservation on Cropland
The Willcox-San Simon Natural Resource Conservation District encompasses 2.1 million acres in northern Cochise and southern Graham Counties of Arizona. The entire area is semi-arid with 80,000 acres of cropland (65,000 currently in production) that relies on deep underlying aquifers for irrigation. Dramatic deepening of wells in the 1970's, land subsidence and drying of the aquifer under the Kansas Settlement region of the District led to the abandonment of nearly 20,000 acres of cropland. According to data supplied by the Arizona Department of Water Resources, water users are currently pumping at twice the rate of recharge. In recent years, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has helped producers install more efficient irrigation systems. While over 90% of producers have installed more efficient systems, less than 10% of the producers in the District use monitoring technology and equipment to schedule irrigation and/or coordinate water application to crop needs. Pump operation costs are at $200 per day during the growing season. Many operators are trying various methods to cut costs but don't have access to adequate information. This results in under watering, over watering, applications that are not timed to meet the crop needs, and reduced yields. With use of monitoring technology, water consumption could be cut by up to 45% without a sacrifice in yield. The purpose of this project is to reduce water consumption by engaging producers to adopt irrigation monitoring and scheduling technology to complement their efficient irrigation systems.
Izon, Inc. (Arkansas)
Remote Irrigation Management to Reduce Runoff, Conserve Groundwater and Reduce Fuel Use
While restrictions on agricultural irrigation have begun to proliferate nationally, irrigated lands in the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV) are increasing at the rate of 189,000 acres per year. This increased use of groundwater is steadily depleting the aquifers underlying this region. Addressing groundwater depletion in the LMRV and other similarly challenged areas around the country requires both increased use of surface waters (where possible) and increased irrigation efficiency. Remote monitoring and control of irrigation can remove the labor and time constraints often associated with decreasing water use, water runoff, and fuel use. The patent-pending Izon monitoring/control system mimics verification of roaming cell phones to send information to and from water sensors, pumps and producer's mobile devices. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate and encourage the widespread adoption of the Izon monitoring/control system to document benefits and increase awareness among producers.
University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff (Arkansas)
Demonstration of Level Basin Irrigation Technology
Level basin technology has the potential to reduce on-farm water uses for irrigation purposes by as much as 30%. This technology has been implemented in certain regions across the nation, especially in the arid southwest, to produce many crops. Level basin technology has been utilized in the rice production areas of eastern Arkansas for more than 40 years. The utilization of this technology is growing in acceptance in Louisiana, primarily for the production of rice, and in Missouri, which has less rainfall. Level basin technology has not been widely accepted in the East by farmers for the production of other crops, primarily soybeans, because of drainage concerns. Farmers are concerned that level basins will not permit adequate drainage for crops such as soybeans, cotton, and milo. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate and encourage the widespread adoption of level basin irrigation systems for soybean production. We believe that, using level basin technology, producers in humid regions can achieve high yield soybean production while utilizing approximately 30% less water with a resulting reduction in energy savings through reduced pumping costs.
Demonstration of Low Cost Drip Irrigation Systems for Limited Resource Farmers
Drip irrigation systems have proven to be an effective means of meeting crop water needs in a highly efficient manner. These irrigation systems are commonly technically advanced and expensive, and in many instances require an investment in both capital and operational skill that is beyond many of our small scale, limited resource farmers. Technical and informational assistance is commonly directed toward these larger, more complex systems with less attention paid to systems that work for small operators. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the installation and implementation of innovative irrigation systems that, while based on larger, complex drip irrigation systems, have a focused view toward implementation of features and components that can be utilized by small, limited resource producers.
Propane Education and Research Council (California)
Introducing Innovative Alternate Fuel Technology at the Farm
The Propane Education & Research Council has partnered with the Western Placer Unified School District's Lincoln High School, which operates a 280-acre farm and a 179-acre outdoor learning environment facility. The school's farming operation is critical to implementing the school's curriculum, and is used by several hundred students each year. The purpose of this project is to provide Lincoln High School's farming operation with a lower-emitting propane irrigation engine, an organic propane-fueled steam weed control device, and an intelligent remotely-accessible moisture measurement and telemetry system to allow for real-time adjustments to irrigation pump operation. Air quality benefits will be realized with the use of a lower-emitting pump engine; soil benefits will be realized by the routine operation of the thermal weed control system; and both water and energy conservation will be realized through the use of a "smart" ALV irrigation system.
Colorado Department of Agriculture (Colorado)
Implementation of a Multi-Species Weed Biological Control Program on Ute Mountain and Southern Ute Tribal Lands
Classical weed biological control has been shown to be an effective, safe and inexpensive method for the control of exotic, invasive weeds. The Colorado Department of Agriculture Insectary has been at the forefront of a number of weed biological control projects. The Insectary currently has in culture, or in field insectaries, 24 arthropods used in weed biocontrol. Among our target weeds are several species that are widespread and can have severe economical and environmental impacts. Proven and effective biocontrol agents for control of these weeds are available at the Insectary. A major challenge is to get the control agents out to the areas where they are needed and to monitor weed infestations to assure establishment of the agents and actual control of the weeds. The purpose of this project is to use biocontrol to manage multi-species weed invasions on a large tract of tribal land. The project will execute a novel multi-species control plan using proven biocontrol technology. The outcome of this effort will be a template for future programs that target a number of weed pest species and bring together agencies and groups to control weeds on private and public lands.
Yuma Conservation District (Colorado)
The Republican River Basin's Pathway Project
Agriculture in the Republican River Basin is dependent on water pumped from the Ogallala Aquifer. With withdrawals exceeding recharge, however, groundwater levels in the region have been in decline. The Republican River Compact Settlement Agreement of 2002 has further compromised water resources in the region, targeting 4,000 wells in Colorado for potential shutoff. This agreement comes on the heels of a multi-year drought, forcing producers and communities in the region to recognize that unless cropping systems are shifted away from high water-use crops, a way of life is destined to come to an end. The situation requires an immediate and large-scale shift on multiple fronts, including strategies that enable producers to successfully innovate. The purpose of this project is to engage producers in an innovative, comprehensive, regional strategy to reduce water consumption by moving operations from high water-use crops to lower water-use crops.
World Wildlife Fund, Inc. (Florida)
Market-Based Program for Environmental Services on South Florida Ranch Lands
Florida's Lake Okeechobee, at the heart of the Everglades system, suffers from excessive phosphorous (P) loads and unnatural lake levels due in part to rapid runoff from its surrounding watershed. Agriculture is the dominant land use and a significant source of P in the watershed. Ranchers in this region are under regulatory requirements to reduce P loading, although they are not required to aggressively manage water to retain P. New approaches to managing runoff from this large area can help improve water quality and mediate water level changes in Lake Okeechobee. The purpose of this program is to design, establish, and evaluate a market-based program on ranches in the Lake Okeechobee watershed to reduce P loads, improve wildlife habitat, and sequester carbon. Results of the pilot will be used to design a scalable version of the program that could be used on a broader scale.
Flint River Soil and Water Conservation District (Georgia)
Flint River Irrigation Water and Crop Management Technology Integration Program
The lower portion of the Flint River Basin serves as one of the most agriculturally intensive areas in the state of Georgia. Home to more than 5000 center pivot irrigation systems irrigating approximately 650,000 acres, the Flint River Basin's ground and surface water resources are challenged to sustain economic yield without sacrificing the biodiversity of the Flint River and its tributaries. Changing weather patterns, droughts, and low market prices continually challenge farmers to produce high yields with less money. Farmers cannot afford to risk economic stability by using less water unless they have some credible means to find that they already are applying sufficient water. Faced with this irrigation scheduling battle, farmers in the Flint River Basin are in dire need of a system that takes the guesswork out of irrigation scheduling, and provides the validation needed to insure others that the water resources of the basin are being used in an efficient and effective manner. The purpose of this project is to move real time soil moisture monitoring into the hands of the farmer to be used for irrigation scheduling. Less than 5% of farmers in Georgia are currently using some form of soil moisture monitoring, though it is thought to be the principle way to determine the effectiveness of irrigation application. This project will set up a telemetry network to transmit soil moisture data from the field to the Internet via a wireless network. Farmers will have the ability to read irrigation scheduling reports, pivot location, and other crop management information from a handheld computer in the field
Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission (Georgia)
Irrigation Management Technology for Water Conservation in Georgia
In Georgia, increases in population and agricultural irrigation over the past several decades have caused concern about the stresses placed on the water resources. As a major consumer of water, agriculture producers in Georgia are feeling pressure to practice improved conservation. Recent increases in fuel prices have also increased pressure on producers to irrigate more efficiently. Irrigator Pro is a computerized irrigation scheduling system that uses scientific data to help farmers make decisions that improve their irrigation water management and increase water conservation. The purpose of this project is to initiate the widespread adoption of Irrigator Pro technology for irrigation management for corn, cotton, and peanut production agriculture. Successful implementation of this project will increase the agricultural community's contribution to water conservation in Georgia and provide results transferable to agricultural producers throughout the Southeast.
Golden Triangle RC&D (Georgia)
Southwest Georgia Ichawaynochaway Watershed Cooperative Poultry Litter Composting Project
Georgia leads the nation in broiler production with 1.234 billion birds per year, and produces approximately 1.54 million tons of poultry broiler litter annually. Poultry litter is commonly stored on the ground, uncovered and often on the edge of wetlands and sinkholes, where leaching of nitrates may occur, until it is spread on crop or pasture lands. Give the litter concentration in the Southwest region of Georgia, there is high potential for nitrates from improperly stored and land applied poultry litter to leach into the underlying aquifer. The soils in this region are generally saturated with phosphorous and other nutrients. There is a considerable need to consolidate management of broiler litter in order to maximize environmental benefits, land availability, and economics. By establishing a community or cooperative facility at which multiple local farms consolidate their manure handling into the production and sale of a marketable value-added product, many of the environmental and economic challenges that each producer encounters individually can be overcome by working collaboratively. The purpose of this project is to engage 22 producers to cooperate in the development and use of a regional litter composting facility that would be the first of its kind in Georgia and in the Southeastern U.S.
University of Georgia (Georgia)
Utilizing Solar Power as a Supplemental Power Source for Small Irrigation Needs
Solar powered irrigation exists primarily in the Western portions of the United States where daily solar radiation exposures are much greater than for the Eastern US, but more importantly there is a low concentration of power service available for irrigation pumps. There is currently very little to no data available concerning solar powered pumps in states east of Arizona. Recent advancements in solar technologies have provided better solar cells for producing solar electricity, better pumps to achieve required pumping pressures and better pumps to achieve sufficient gallons per hour. These technological advancements mean that smaller producers in non-traditional solar regions of the country may now consider using solar power to pump captured runoff water using drip irrigation technology as a supplemental energy source. The use of this innovative technology on small farms will increase the sustainability of a farming system by reducing the need and dependence on line electricity to pump deep well water while also using captured water for better water management. This project will demonstrate that solar power can be a large supplemental and feasible energy source for irrigation in rural areas. We will also demonstrate how soil moisture sensors can be used to conserve water through proper and timely irrigation.
University of Guam (Guam)
Sustainable Conservation Innovation and Education for New Tropical Island Farms Through Inter-Agency Collaboration
The unique characteristics of island agriculture pose constraints on the implementation of nationally recommended conservation practices. Efforts to address agricultural issues identified on Guam hold the potential of identifying solutions applicable to many other tropical islands. Water storage, high livestock waste management costs and point source pollution, and damaging wind speeds have been identified as the issues where technological innovation is needed to address unique island environmental concerns. The purpose of this project is to develop, test, and promote innovative practices that address these needs. These practices will be developed and demonstrated on three multi-agency sponsored model farms across the island. Supporting best management conservation practices will also be implemented and included in the educational programs of the project.
University of Hawaii @ Manoa (Hawaii)
Recycling Nutrients in Animal Waste Liquids Through Highly Productive Tropical Grasses
Animal production in Hawaii is threatened as never before. There is a need to find win-win scenarios to wisely manage the waste products of animal production. While animal waste concerns are prevalent throughout animal production systems in the continental U.S., the concern and intensity of the problem is greater in island environments of the Caribbean and Pacific Basins, where the coastline is nearly always hydrologically linked to lands used in animal production, and where impressively large amounts of precipitation can increase the potential for nutrient runoff and leaching. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate and evaluate an effluent irrigation system in which highly productive tropical grasses utilize nutrients while producing large amounts of quality forage for livestock. Small-scale testing has indicated success—this project will install the system on a larger, commercial scale.
Iowa Soybean Association (Iowa)
Outcomes Based Nitrogen Efficiency Project for Corn Production, Year 2
Nutrient enrichment in the Gulf of Mexico and nitrate contamination in drinking water and rural wells have focused attention and regulatory concern on losses of nitrogen from agricultural soils to tributary rivers. These water quality issues can be addressed through more efficient application of nitrogen, which can provide agricultural producers with both environmental and economic benefits. With the help of a 2004 Conservation Innovation Grants award, several hundred Iowa producers have used remote sensing with replicated strip trials and/or guided stalk nitrate sampling to evaluate their own nitrogen (N) needs and new management approaches. The majority have found they can maximize profit and reduce N losses to the environment by applying far less fertilizer and adopting different application strategies. The purpose of this project is to expand on this effort in the following ways: 1) include new watersheds and types of fields in the nutrient management demonstration, 2) develop and test a model coordinating system for information pooling, analysis and reporting, and 3) train 120 potential Technical Service Providers to deliver the enhanced nutrient management practices.
Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association (Massachusetts)
Water Conservation/Irrigation Automation Evaluation Project
Successful cultivation of cranberries requires cool temperatures, sandy soils, and an abundant supply of fresh water. The water is used to hydrate the cranberry vines and to protect the buds and berries against frost. Water is moved into bogs through sprinkler systems or flooding practices. Currently, irrigation of cranberry bogs must be done manually, which can result in excessive or insufficient irrigation, reducing yield. The purpose of this project is to implement and evaluate an automated, internet-based system to increase irrigation efficiency and improve yields.
Conservation Resource Alliance (Michigan)
Northern Michigan WildLink--An Innovative Tribal Partnership for Regional Habitat Conservation
Northwest Michigan is home to a number of world-class coldwater rivers and vast forest and wetland resources. Because the region is undergoing such tremendous growth, fragmentation and loss of ecological habitat are the topmost concerns of resource managers. The proposed project is a joint initiative of the Conservation Resource Alliance, a regional resource conservation and development council in northern lower Michigan, and the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (one of 12 federally recognized tribes in Michigan). The primary project goal is to test and use the innovative "Wild Link" approach to deliver Farm Bill services to a broad base of customers. Secondary goals are to restore and protect critical ecological corridors on a regional scale in rapidly developing northwest Michigan watersheds and to establish a model for integrating tribal interests and participation into both Wild Link and the USDA's Farm Bill programs.
Heron Lake Watershed District (Minnesota)
Conservation Tillage Demonstration Project
The Heron Lake watershed encompasses parts of four counties and impacts a much larger environment by draining directly into the Des Moines River. The Des Moines River flows through an intense agricultural environment and is included on the EPA 303(d) Impaired Waters List. Preliminary results of an intensive diagnostic study reveal that the equivalent of 2,775 truckloads of sediment (58,000 tons) pass through Jackson, Minnesota each year - the southernmost site of the study. Soil erosion from cropped agricultural land continues to be a significant source of sediment in surface waters, and also results in an irreversible loss in soil productivity. Soil detachment and transport can be effectively reduced in row-crops by maintaining plant residue of the previous crop until the new crop canopy closes. Residue is maintained by minimizing or localizing the aggressiveness and number of tillage operations. Data shows that in 2004 only 45.8% of the producers in Jackson County, and 44.4% of the producers in Nobles County, used conservation tillage methods. One new method of tillage, strip tillage, is a promising new technology that removes residue in the fall only from a narrow strip where the row will be planted in the spring. This project will provide testing and evaluation of conservation tillage techniques in order to help persuade farmers that strip tillage will benefit their operations both economically and environmentally.
The Minnesota Project, Inc. (Minnesota)
Conservation Planning with Agribusiness Centers
Despite the extent of nonpoint source pollution reduction efforts on agricultural lands, many challenges remain to achieve the desired outcomes of improved water quality of our nation's waters. Reducing nonpoint source pollution has traditionally relied on structural practices, but efforts are increasingly focusing on cultural practices and management behaviors. One limitation on the success of nonpoint reductions has been the shortage of trained technical staff to carry out the producer outreach, conservation planning, and practice design and implementation required to invest the available resources. The purpose of this project is to test an innovative, market-based approach of incorporating conservation planning into producers' cooperative agribusiness activities, including helping staff become certified Technical Service Providers. We believe this new approach will accelerate producer adoption of conservation practices to reduce water pollution.
Mississippi Coastal Plains RC&D (Mississippi)
Strategic Cogongrass Control Partnership for South Mississippi
The invasive Cogongrass is having deleterious impacts on longleaf pine ecosystems in coastal Mississippi. Longleaf pine, an ecosystem in decline through most of its range, is home to a number of federally listed endangered species, such as the gopher tortoise and red-cockaded woodpecker. Cogongrass can invade and overtake disturbed ecosystems, forming a dense mat of thatch and leaves that makes it nearly impossible for other plants to coexist. Large infestations of cogongrass can also alter the normal fire regime of a fire-driven ecosystem by causing more frequent and intense fires that injure or destroy native plants. This project is spearheaded by a unique partnership that will implement an innovative, comprehensive control plan for cogongrass involving over 5,000 EQIP eligible producers in six counties in coastal Mississippi.
Drywall Recycling of Montana (Montana)
Demonstration of Benefits, Feasibility and Transferability of Recycled Drywall Gypsum as an Agricultural Soil Amendment
The construction of an average single family home generates nearly one ton of new, uncontaminated drywall waste. The large amount of waste material is generally dumped into landfills, where moist anaerobic conditions stimulate bacterial reduction of drywall's sulfate component into potentially harmful hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide gas in landfills. An innovative solution that would diver drywall scrap from the waste stream is to recycle it for use as a natural soil amendment. Gypsum is an excellent and proven natural fertilizer and soil amendment that can be found in drywall. The purpose of this project is to develop, test, and promote the use of recycled drywall gypsum as an effective natural soil amendment, and demonstrate a model local recycling and use program.
World Wildlife Fund, Inc. (New Mexico)
On-Farm Water Measurement and Irrigation Efficiency Demonstration Project
Over the last forty years, the producers in Sierra and Dona Ana Counties in New Mexico have shifted their crop mix in response to market conditions and an above average water supply. Cotton and other low water-use crops have been replaced by pecans, alfalfa and other high water-use crops. Since the late 1990s, however, the region has experienced drought conditions, or what some scientists characterized as a return to "normal" conditions. The drought coupled with the shift to high water-use crops has highlighted the need to maximize irrigation efficiency in agricultural production in the region. Few producers are currently using any irrigation efficiency practices. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate, evaluate, and encourage the adoption of innovative irrigation efficiency practices, including soil moisture monitoring.
Cornell University (New York)
Evaluating and Improving Vegetative Filter Areas for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment
Agricultural wastewater such as silage effluent, milkhouse wastewater, and other manure contaminated runoff is an environmental challenge for many livestock farms. A common approach to managing livestock production area wastewater in New York is to collect and distribute it for treatment in a vegetated filter area (VFA). Little is known, however, about the expected or actual reduction and fate of nutrients and other contaminants in wastewater treated by VFAs installed according to existing conservation practice standards. The purpose of this project is to characterize the environmental effectiveness and improve VFA methods for treating livestock production area wastewater. Hydrology information, water quality concerns, environmental engineering principles, and soil biochemical processes will be integrated to comprehensively evaluate VFA effectiveness, and the results used to improve the design and implementation procedures of the conservation practice standard for treating high concentration agricultural wastewater.
The Miami Conservancy District (Ohio)
Great Miami River Watershed Water Quality Credit Trading Program
Although tremendous improvements in surface water quality were made over the last three decades within the Great Miami River Watershed, over 40% of the rivers and streams still fail to meet Ohio's water quality standards. The remaining impairment originates primarily from nonpoint source pollution and includes nutrient enrichment, excess sediment, and altered habitat. The Watershed is a significant source of nutrients to the Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico. The purpose of this project is to implement a water quality trading program as an innovative approach to address these water quality challenges. Interest in water quality credit trading in the Watershed grew from facilitated discussions which identified the common goals of producers and point source wastewater treatment plants. An extensive economic and market analysis of the viability of a trading program in the Great Miami River Watershed indicated a potential savings of over $350 million for communities with nearly $40 million dollars of new money for investments in agricultural BMPs.
University of Rhode Island (Rhode Island)
Developing a Market for Nesting Bird Habitat on Active Farm Hayfields
Establishing community-based markets for wildlife habitat protection and other ecological services is a promising innovation, particularly at the urban-rural fringe where residents in or near rural communities value the quality of life provided by sustaining a farmed landscape that supports wildlife. Non-farm residents are also often willing to pay to sustain the rural character of their communities. This purpose of this project is to develop a market in which community residents pay farmers to adopt farming practices that enhance wildlife habitat services from fields currently in production. Specifically, this project will create a market around grassland nesting birds, targeting bobolinks and hay production on Conanicut Island in Newport County, Rhode Island. This coastal landscape is threatened by increasing residential and tourism development. Bobolink nesting habitat is endangered by hayfield cutting. The project will develop a new product that farmers can sell from hayfields to consumers willing to pay to improve nesting success of birds.
Classic Farms, LLC (South Dakota)
Mesophilic "Fixed Film" Anaerobic Digestion System to Treat Hog Manure
A number of different anaerobic digester technologies are currently in use on farms in the United States. Despite a growing interest in the use of digesters for manure handling, however, there are no on-farm anaerobic digester systems in operation in South Dakota. Further, there are currently no "fixed film" digester systems operating on working farms in the United States. Fixed film digesters are uniquely different from the plug-flow, covered lagoon, and complete mix digester systems that are more commonly installed on farms. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate and evaluate the use of an innovative "fixed film" anaerobic digester that provides economic and environmental benefits, improves manure management, provides a pathogen-free, high quality end product, and reduces odors.
Texas Agriculture Experiment Station (Texas)
Ecological, Economic, and Social Dimensions of Using Summer Fire to Restore Ecosystems in the Southern Plains of the U.S.
The Southern Plains, which stretch from northern Oklahoma through Texas into Mexico, represent an important component of the regional economy in the southern USA. Maintaining or restoring ecosystem health and resilience is a critical social imperative to ensure the future supply of the ecosystem services they supply, which are critical for the future well-being for human societies in the region. However, fire suppression, overgrazing, ineffective brush control, and periodic drought have led to continuing conversion of open grasslands and savannas to woodlands dominated by honey mesquite and juniper species. A key issue for cost-effectively restoring the health of the Southern Plains ecosystems is the reintroduction of periodic fires, including occasional hot summer burns. Despite evidence of the ecological benefits resulting from summer fires, their use is not endorsed by NRCS and others under common summertime environmental conditions. Reintroducing summer fires is also complicated by the fact that landscape-level ecological changes have interconnected environmental and human dimensions. The purpose of this project is to assess the feasibility of restoring rangeland health in the Southern Plains using periodic summer fires. The project will integrate ecological, economic, and social parameters in this assessment, which will result in recommendations on potential policy/practice changes to producers, NRCS, and other stakeholders
Yandow Farm (Vermont)
Soil Building, Water Conservation, Grazing Land Enhancement and Habitat Creation Within a Keyline Flood-Flow Irrigated Agro-Forestry Landscape
The Keyline irrigation and soil building system originated in Australia in the 1950s. Keyline is a comprehensive land design and development system that combines large, on-farm dams and rapid, gravity powered flood irrigation. Irrigation and subsoiling in conjunction with planned grazing of livestock yields rapid conversion of subsoil to topsoil, yielding attendant production and environmental benefits. Due to local conservation concerns the owner of the Yandow Farm convened a planning team of farmers, environmentalists, political representatives, and state and federal personnel to assist in planning the design of a Keyline Flood-Flow irrigated landscape on the farm. The purpose of this project is to construct and begin operation of a Keyline flood-flow irrigated agro-forestry landscape system, quantitatively measure the results of landscape implementation, and disseminate the resulting information and lessons into the larger agricultural and environmental conservation communities.
Northwest Natural Resource Group (Washington)
Northwest Certified Forestry
The Northwest Natural Resource Group (NNRG) advocates the market-based forest certification system developed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), an international organization that recognizes landowners that adhere to a rigorous set of principles and criteria. Due to the time consuming, costly and complicated certification process the NNRG has developed a Northwest Certified Forestry program. This program follows the concept of "group certification," whereby a group manager, who oversees the management practices of many individual forestlands, becomes certified and is able to extend certification to participating landowners. FSC products are marketed as holding the highest degree of environmental quality and are positioned to capture "green" market premiums. The purpose of this project is to implement a market-based system that promotes and rewards sustainable forest management practices and the promotion of environmental services on small forestlands in western Washington.
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection (Wisconsin)
Wisconsin's Dairy and Livestock Air Emission/Odor Project
In 2003, the State of Wisconsin adopted the Livestock Siting Law, enacted to facilitate the siting of new and expanding livestock facilities in Wisconsin. Wisconsin has developed an initial odor standard as part of the administrative rule developed to implement the siting law. Through public hearings held on the proposed rule, concerns have been raised about the odor standards. In particular, questions have been raised about the relationship between odor and livestock-generated ambient air concentrations, especially for dairy operations. These are significant issues in Wisconsin, particularly where land use is changing and residential development encroaches on agricultural operations. There are currently about 15,250 dairy operations in Wisconsin and over 1.2 million dairy cows. The livestock industry accounts for a majority of Wisconsin's $51.5 billion agricultural economy. It is critical to Wisconsin's dairy and livestock industry that producers implement best management practices to reduce odor, ambient air concentrations, and overall environmental impacts. This project will attempt to make the connection between agricultural ambient air concentrations and odor and evaluate various best management practices installed on dairy and other livestock operations. It will field test the odor standards developed as part of the administrative rule to implement Wisconsin's Livestock Siting Law, and evaluate changes between pre- and post-installation levels of ambient air concentrations and odors.
Lake DeSmet Conservation District (Wyoming)
A Community-based Approach to Applying Innovative Technologies for Monitoring and Restoring Sagebrush Habitats in Wyoming
In the second half of the 20th Century, greater sage grouse populations declined throughout their range. Eleven western states are working to conserve sage grouse and their habitat. Many conservation planning efforts have been initiated. Despite the availability of voluminous quantities of research papers, conservation plans, and other documents concerning sage grouse, however, there are few examples of land management strategies that result in population recovery. This project aims to test and evaluate on a broader scale a sage grouse management model devised and tested on the Deseret Ranch in northern Utah. The 1.4 million acre Lake DeSmet Conservation District contains over 200,000 acres of sage grouse habitat according to a habitat suitability model produced by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Forty-three percent of this land is privately owned. This program will target producers within these habitats to develop innovative conservation technologies, practices, systems, procedures and approaches to conserve and restore sage grouse habitat.
University of Wyoming (Wyoming)
Solar and Wind Electric Powered Stock Water Pumping Initiative to Alleviate Drought Impact on Grazing Land
Wyoming is in the fifth year of a drought that has left most of the state in either an Extreme or Exceptional drought category. Reduction in surface water flows cause livestock to find more resilient water sources including rivers and streams. Damage to riparian areas and contamination of these water sources by livestock waste create significant environmental concerns. The purpose of this project is to install and evaluate the use of solar and wind powered sock water pumps in remote grazing areas of Wyoming. The common use of small diesel or propane engines to power remote electricity service lines creates noise and air pollution, and creates inefficiencies for a rancher's grazing operation. Using solar or wind powered water pumps is a time-saving and environmentally beneficial solution in remote grazing areas. These technologies, however, have yet to gain widespread acceptance, due mainly to the newness of the technology and the initial cost of the pumping systems.
NRCS Home | USDA.gov | Site Map | Civil Rights | FOIA | Plain Writing | Accessibility Statement
Privacy Policy| Non-Discrimination Statement | Information Quality | USA.gov | Whitehouse.gov


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Backup/SnapshotWhat's a snapshot?
A snapshot is a copy that is made of your system or data disk at a given time. It is made in real time, without your server needing to be stopped or rebooted. The main interest of this feature is of course to create backups of the status of a server at a key moment (new installation, configuration, etc) or even at a pre-scheduled time.
You have the possibility of activating snapshots on your instance. They are set to take a total of 3 images of your disk at three separate times:
- one image every day
- one image every week
- one image every month
To activate snapshots, you must subscribe to an additional 30% of disk space on top of the disk space that you are using for your main disk (3GB or €0.54 excl. VAT per month if your disk is 10GB for example).
The data of your snapshots will be available at any time from your instance.
You can also run Crontab scripts to dump and save your databases inside your Snapshots.
More information about Snapshots is available on our Wiki.

subset: commoncrawl


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Trying to discover more good shous! I've always had a thing against Shus... most of them had a strange cardboard taste profile that was not interesting at all for me.
Thanks to some recommendations of members here I've finally found two that I thought were decent, yay :D (so I can't even fill the top 3 yet lol, but anyways...)
Please post your top 3 shus here. You're allowed to make some honorable mentions, of course!
#1# 2009 Dayi "Red Rhyme" - recommended by our member Mr. Mopu. Pleasant smooth taste and I swear it has some Qi. I wish I had a bing of this :(
#2# 2008 Tulin ripe brick 100g - recommended by our member lordsbm. Pretty cheap and taste-wise it's almost as nice as the Red Rhyme.
#3# none yet lol


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MLC baseball advances to UMAC Postseason Tournament
DULUTH – The Martin Luther College baseball team advanced to the Upper Midwest Athletic conference postseason Tournament with a 5-2 win over Northland College Thursday night in the play-in game.
Joe Janke carried the Knights on the mound, pitching all nine innings and striking out 13 while allowing just the two runs on four hits and one walk. He improved his record to 4-1 on the season with the win.
At the plate, the Knights finished with 10 hits, and also took advantage of four Northland errors that led to four unearned runs.
Northland struck first with one run in the second, but the Knights answered with two runs in the top of the third after two hits and an error plated both Galen Holzhueter and Andrew Nemmers to give the Knights the one-run lead.
The Knights added one run in the fourth thanks to an error that scored Brad Essig, which would be all the support that Janke would need. The Lumberjacks scored once in the bottom of the fourth, but were kept off the scoreboard the rest of the way.
MLC added a pair of insurance runs in the ninth, with Tyler Dorn and Joel Hering coming up with big RBI to push the lead to three.
Aaron Stokke, Dorn and Joe Schmudlach each had two hits for MLC, while Holzhueter scored twice to go with one hit and one time hit by a pitch.
The 13 strikeouts for Janke marked the third time this season he has struck out at least that many in one game.
With the win, MLC improved its record to 13-10 on the season, and won the tie-breaker over Northland for the fourth and final spot in the UMAC Postseason Tournament.
The Knights play their first round game against No. 1 seed St. Scholastica at 1 p.m. today in Duluth.


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Chefs Serve for Charitable Causes
LAS VEGAS ( TheStreet) -- Top chefs around the country have been rallying to help those on the East Coast who were affected by superstorm Sandy. TravelsinTaste would like to applaud the charitable chefs (and associated relief funds) who have and continue to reach out to benefit the victims devastated by the storm. Here are a few of the noteworthy and gracious acts of kindness by the country's culinary elite:
More From TravelsinTaste
|CUT: A Cut Above the Rest
|SHO Shaun Hergatt: The Financial District Finally Gets Fine Dining Right
|New York's Best Seafood, Courtesy of New York's Best Chef: James Beard Award Winner Eric Ripert
In New York, four downtown chefs gathered at Aldea to host a five-course dinner to kick off their efforts. Chef/owner George Mendes , Marco Canora ( Hearth and Terroir ), Seamus Mullen ( Tertulia) and Andrew Carmellini ( Locanda Verde and The Dutch ), each contributed a dish with Aldea's Shelly Acuna preparing dessert. All proceeds from the dinner went toward local communities in need, with this particular dinner benefiting Red Hook.
In the days following the dinner, the chefs rented a truck and drove to the outer boroughs to bring hot food to people affected by the storm. Canora served Ribollita soup in Red Hook at the Calvary Baptist Church on Hicks and Ninth Street and at Breezy Point. Mullen served lunch at the Arianna's Catering facility at 192 Ebbitts St. in Staten Island. Canora and Mendes served food in the Rockaways. The second New York City Food Flood dinner is to take place tonight at Hearth. Canora, Mendes and newcomers Alex Stupak and Sean Brock are preparing culinary delights.
At Rouge Tomate in Midtown, wine director Pascaline Lepetier and head bartender Cristian Molina created the "Hurricane Relief" cocktail made with Greenhook Gin, Long Island Beach Plum Gin, house-made Triple Sec, Amaretto, passion fruit and cranberry. All proceeds from this cocktail are going to The Red Hook Initiative to help that community rebuild.
Tao Cares, the charitable arm of the Tao Group, held fundraising initiatives in its New York City and Las Vegas locations. Proceeds raised were donated to American Red Cross Hurricane Sandy Relief. The Tao Asian Bistro in New York City, Tao Asian Bistro & Nightclub at the Venetian in Las Vegas, Lavo Italian Restaurant & Nightclub in New York City and at the Palazzo in Las Vegas and Marquee Nightclub & Dayclub at The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas donated a portion of restaurant and nightclub sales. Tao Asian Bistro and Lavo Italian Restaurant in Las Vegas offered a special menu, including red curry chicken with snow peas, eggplant and jasmine rice and the Kobe beef spring roll with spicy peanut chili sauce at Tao and porcini mushroom risotto with Parmesan frico and fresh burrata over an arugula salad with a lemon vinaigrette and pancetta crisp at Lavo Vegas, while Lavo New York delivered food to 300 people at a West 59th St. food shelter.


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Search UMD.edu
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University of Maryland News
Great Expectations Campaign Reaches $1B Goal
December 12, 2012
Dear University of Maryland community:
In late 2006, the University of Maryland publicly launched the $1 billion Great Expectations campaign.
Today, I am proud to announce that the Great Expectations campaign has achieved this landmark goal. Much of it was accomplished during a difficult economic climate.
We expected this campaign to accelerate our rise among the world's best research universities. And so it has.
The $1 billion includes over $250 million in scholarship and financial aid for our undergraduate and graduate students. This support has helped Maryland compete for the best students and help make their education more affordable.
We raised $129 million to help us recruit, retain, and advance pre-eminent faculty. No university is better than the excellence of its faculty. Through education, research, and service, faculty help transform the lives of students, contribute to knowledge, and improve the human condition.
We raised $171 million in support of innovation -- to turn ideas into impact. The University of Maryland encourages creative thinkers and entrepreneurial ideas, nurturing them from research and development into social and economic enterprises.
We raised over $303 million for high-tech buildings and to upgrade classrooms, arts venues, and athletic facilities. The private support is leveraged for state capital appropriations, greatly magnifying its impact.
There are many, many people to thank for the success of Great Expectations. The campaign was conceived and led by then President Dan Mote and Brodie Remington, then Vice President of University Relations. We simply could not have reached our goals without their vision and leadership.
The College Park Foundation Board of Trustees provided unwavering dedication and guidance throughout this campaign. They gave not only financially, but their time, energy and collective experience.
Our entire faculty played a crucial role in this campaign. It is their research and their academic excellence that provided the motivation for so many of our supporters to give.
Our entire University Relations staff -- now led by Peter Weiler, our new Vice President of University Relations -- worked tirelessly to make the goal a reality.
Over 124,000 unique donors supported this campaign, some gifts large, many small. All contributed directly to our expanding excellence. To each and every supporter, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude for your support.
In February, we will commemorate this milestone more widely, but I wanted to share with you this incredible news as soon as it was official. Please join me in celebrating our collective accomplishment, and more importantly, what it means for our students, for our faculty and staff, and for the University of Maryland.
Together, we have fulfilled our Great Expectations.
Wallace D. Loh
University of Maryland
This note was authorized for distribution to
University of Maryland Community by:
Office of the President
Flagship Institution of the
University System of Maryland
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA / Phone 301.405.1000
Copyright 2016 University of Maryland /
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with comments, questions and feedback


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Medical SuppliersSave This Search
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Arkansas is a land of mountains and valleys, thick forests and fertile plains.
Arkansas shares it's southern border with Louisiana, it's northern border with Missouri, it's eastern border with Tennessee and Mississippi, and it's western border with Texas and Oklahoma. Northwest Arkansas is part of the Ozark Plateau including the Boston Mountains, and Southern Arkansas hosts the Ouachita Mountains. The southern and eastern parts of Arkansas are called the Lowlands, sharing most of it's eastern border with the Mississippi River. Arkansas is also home to 52 state park and seven national parks.
Between it's generally mild climate, inexpensive cost of living and natural attractions, Arkansas is a beautiful place to retire.
News from the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette -RSS
Little Rock man accused of raping 14-year-old girl at his home, authorities say
Jan 16, 2017 7:50 pm
A Little Rock man is accused of raping a 14-year-old girl at his residence after she had been given alcohol, according to authorities.
2 Arkansas men killed, 1 injured in head-on collision
Jan 16, 2017 7:31 pm
Two Arkansas men were killed and one was injured in a fatal wreck Saturday afternoon, state police said.
Arkansas Sen. Boozman says Trump inauguration a time to come together
Jan 16, 2017 6:14 pm
Sen. John Boozman said Monday that Donald Trump?s inauguration is a time for national unity, even as roughly two dozen members of Congress said they will not attend after the president-elect?s critici...
Police identify 33-year-old shot, injured in Little Rock
Jan 16, 2017 5:55 pm
Little Rock police on Monday identified the victim of a Sunday night disturbance that ended in a man shot and injured.
At prayer breakfast, governor says he will 'wait and see' if lawmakers take up King-Lee split
Jan 16, 2017 5:36 pm
Gov. Asa Hutchinson said Monday he will have to ?wait and see? if state lawmakers take up his effort to divorce the dual celebration of Martin Luther King Jr. Day from Robert E. Lee Day, though he?s ?...
Choosing the Perfect Retirement Community
So, the time is right and you are actively considering a move to a retirement community. For some, the idea may be exciting. To others, the mere thought is stressful or frightening. Either way, it is a significant life decision and one that needs to be th Read more...


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Spring training games will commence this weekend, giving experts, pundits and fans their first look at MLB teams in action.
For most of the winter, various publications have posted World Series odds for each MLB team. In many cases, those odds drastically changed because of offseason activity. But at that point, it's all about what they look like on paper.
Spring training games give teams the opportunity to finally see the fruits of their offseason labor. By extension, experts can see firsthand whether their projections might have merit.
Here is a final look at World Series odds for all 30 teams as they embark on their Grapefruit and Cactus League schedules.


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Special Report #78 on Budget and Spending
June 1, 2010
June 1, 2010 | Special Report on Budget and Spending
The 2010 edition of "Federal Spending by the Numbers" shows spending and deficits continuing to grow at a pace not seen since World War II. Washington will spend $30,543 per household in 2010—$5,000 per household more than just two years ago. While some of this spending is a temporary result of the recession, President Obama's latest budget would replace this temporary spending with permanent new programs. Consequently, by 2020—a time of assumed peace and prosperity—Washington would still spend nearly $36,000 per household, compared to $25,000 per household before this recession (adjusted for inflation).
Since 2000, spending has grown across the board. Entitlement spending has reached a record 14 percent of GDP. Discretionary spending has expanded 79 percent faster than inflation as a result of large defense and domestic spending hikes. Other spending categories that have grown rapidly since 2000 include: anti-poverty programs (89 percent faster than inflation), K–12 education (219 percent), veterans spending (107 percent), and Medicare (81 percent). And despite all the pressing national priorities, lawmakers approved over 9,000 earmarks last year at a cost of $16.5 billion. Simply put, all parts of government are growing.
Consequently, Washington's 2009 budget deficit is estimated at $1.5 trillion ($12,664 per household). While deficits naturally rise during recessions, one would expect them to eventually return back to the $100 billion to $400 billion range that prevailed before the recession. However, the President's budget shows annual budget deficits averaging just under $1 trillion for the next decade—a level of borrowing that would cause the national debt to double. These deficits would not only raise interest rates, they would also nearly quadruple the net interest costs of the national debt over the next decade.
Of course, not all future spending is inevitable. In the 1980s and 1990s, Washington consistently spent $21,000 per household (adjusted for inflation). Simply returning to that level would balance the budget by 2012 without any tax hikes. Alternatively, returning to the $25,000 per household level (adjusted for inflation) that Washington spent before the current recession would likely balance the budget by 2019 without any tax hikes.
This year's edition updates all spending figures. It includes a new page showing that 90 percent of the rising long-term budget deficits are driven by rising spending, and just 10 percent of the rising deficits are caused by falling revenues. An additional graph shows the changing composition of federal spending since 1962, as entitlements have crowded out defense.
Where Is All the Money Going?
Sources: On file at The Heritage Foundation.
Brian M. Riedl is Grover M. Hermann Research Fellow in Federal Budgetary Affairs in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation.


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Police say cell phone use caused crash
SARANAC LAKE – A father and son escaped major injuries when they drove off the road Wednesday because the driver was using his cell phone.
James L. Archer, 59, of AuSable Forks, was ticketed for using his cell phone while driving and for not wearing a seatbelt.
His son, Kevin J. Archer, 19, also of AuSable Forks, was also ticketed for no seatbelt.
Police said James Archer was driving a Ford pickup truck toward Tupper Lake on state Route 3 when he started using his cell phone. He ran off the road, hit the guide wires and came to rest on an embankment.
When the truck struck the guide wires, the front passenger-side wheel was torn from the truck. Most of the damage was to the passenger side of the vehicle.
Both Archers suffered only minor cuts and bruises and were treated at the scene. Neither needed to be transported to the hospital.
Police said the two were on their way to a landscaping job in Indian Lake, which is why they were towing a trailer laden with several lawnmowers and other landscaping equipment. The trailer landed on its side, and the equipment was strewn across the embankment, but police said none of it was damaged.
The Saranac Lake Volunteer Fire Department sent one truck and nine members to the scene, who cleaned off the roadway and directed traffic. They were called out at 10:31 a.m. and were back in service at 11:19 a.m.
Counter's Garage in Tupper Lake towed the truck from the scene.
Contact Jessica Collier at 891-2600 ext. 26 or email@example.com.


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Results 1 to 16 of 16
Hi All,
I recently got a HTC 8S for Christmas and initially put music on it without any hassle but now I've tried to add more music I've had nothing but trouble. I tried the simple copy and paste from a iTunes folder in my documents and it asked me if I wanted them converted so I clicked yes and they began to copy. After they had copied I tried to play them on my phone and it kept saying cannot play this file error code: 80070003. I then looked for help and tried using the windows app to transfer my iTunes library and the same error came up. I exited the app and tried again but now it can't even find my phone and when I try copying files through documents it keeps saying phone had disconnected or stopped responding!!
Can anybody help me??
Cheers, Tom
I, too, am a humble owner of an HTC Windows Phone 8s. In my case, I haven't had any problems with my music on my phone. I simply transferred them to my phone via the USB cable (without using the windows phone app). The same goes when I transfer the music directly to the SD card by inserting it into my laptop, and when I use Bluetooth for the transfer. Try any of these three (USB Cable without windows phone app, direct SD card, Bluetooth) transfer methods and let me know if you still encounter the problem.
- Member
- Posts
- 3 Posts
Hi all. I've been spoiled with Zune on WP 7.5 because I could create own playlists from my computer's hard drive.... but now, almost impossible. The only way I could have playlists on my HTC 8s is to create them again in WMP and then sync with phone within WMP. And that went well. But as recommended to save space on phone itself, I've downloaded apps from market onto my PC, transfered them to SD card and then installed onto phone. And that wnt well. Now, the problem is - when I access SD card from the store within the phone to install apps, somehow the process deletes all my playlists as they were never there. Music stays on the card, but playlists are gone... and it happened twice already. So I'm left with let's say 7 Gb of unsorted music which frustrates me when I want to listen to particular choice that I've made. And because this music is from hard drive, it is left (most of it) unrecognisable from device or store. Syncing the same playlists from WMP brings them back but as soon you access SD card from the phone and install some apps, they're gone again. Bummer!
- Member
- Posts
- 52 Posts
Personally I had no trouble when I got this 8s. However, I have yet to put more music onto it. Overall I am a bit miffed with the HTC experience. My old Nokia 710 was a doddle to use - just plug and play. I have an sd card in my HTC with 100 videos previously recorded on a nokia x3 02 but they wont play on the HTC for some reason.
The way the music is set up on the phone is a bit strange - I cant sort a playlist either. Are these phones really any good......
- Member
- Posts
- 3 Posts
You can download apps from online (not on your phone) windows phone store directly to your PC using web browser and option "download and install manually". Apps are stored as a regular . xap files which you can transfer to your SD card and install from "store" on your phone. Just one thing... when you transfer files to SD card, you won't get "SD card" option in store on your phone immediately, you'll probably have to wait a bit or restart your phone (turn off and then on, not hard reset) for SD card needs to be recognised by the Store on your phone. Then you will see the apps and have the ability to install.
- Member
- Posts
- 32 Posts
My HTC 8S has nothing but trouble with music. When I copy music via the app for Windows 8, I get everytime an error while copying. When I use the desktop app it says that it can't find the file, while it clearly is the music folder. If I use simply Explorer to copy I get two of each mp3, when I delete that in Xbox Music I get the error: 80070003. What can I do?
Try this:
1. Check the file format of your music files. Make sure they are any of the following: .mp3, .wma, .amr, .aac, .mp4, .m4a, .m4b, .3gp, .3g2, or (if you're into very high-quality music) .wav.
2. In your windows phone, check the conversion settings. Make sure it doesn't convert the files or anything like that.
3. Insert your micro SD card into the PC and delete all the music from your SD card.
4. Copy your music again back to your micro SD card in the correct Music folder.
Note: You can try not inserting your micro SD card into the PC and delete-copy everything through explorer, but I recommend the inserting it directly to the PC first so we could eliminate the causes of your problem. By the way, I had my music transferred by Bluetooth, by Explorer and by direct SD card and I had no problems.
- Member
- Posts
- 32 Posts
1. All my music is mp3, so it should be working.
2. Nothing strange with that either.
3. I've formatted it twice, as well as in the phone, as in the computer.
4. Done, but it didn't work.
Resetting was the solution for me. I did two resets. After the first I got the same problem, but after the second everything works much better. Not only the syncing, but also I got much more free space with the same apps installed. The phone seems also to response faster and works smooth now.
Again thanks for your time!
- Member
- Posts
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- Global Posts
- 2 Global Posts
Hey Guys
I seem to have all the problems from above and tried all the different ways to copy music onto my WP8s HTC:
*Drag & Sync Into Music Folder
*Windows Media Player Drag & Sync
*Windows Phone App Sync, Via itunes, Via WMP
But every time something goes wrong from:
*Duplicate Files
*Album Art Missing
*Sitting in Album screen for a day then all albums disappear and only have a 25+ GB list of songs
The reason I picked this phone is because it uses Beats tech and love music so really is a perfect combo but this is extremely frustrating I have tried all the methods at least twice and no method is without problems wasted 6 days off in the last 3 weeks trying to sort this and now giving serious thought about copying music onto my xbox 360 then syncing that way but dont want to waste my time if going to get the same problems can anyone help? or is this just a well placed problem for us customers so that we have to buy all our music again from microsoft this time?
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I urge all of you who come visit this site to please go to http://www.live8live.com and sign the list. It's really easy, all you have to do is put in your name and your country. You can also put in your email address (optional) If you would like to receive email updates about LIVE 8 and the efforts in 2005 to end world poverty. By signing the list this message gets sent on your behalf:
TO: The 8 most powerful leaders in the world
50,000 people are dying, needlessly, every day of extreme poverty.
At this year's G8 summit meeting, it is within your power to put an end to this tragedy. It is an extraordinary opportunity which it would be shameful to ignore. We urge you to take these 3 steps to make extreme poverty history...
1. double the aid sent to the world's poorest countries,
2. fully cancel their debts,
3. change the trade laws so that they can build their own future.
You can also text message if you wish. What ever you do, please do it and convince your friends and family members to do so as well. If you watched any of Live8 you may have seen one of the promos that detailed how many children die each and every day from extreme poverty. Every 3 seconds, a child dies. Just think about that for a minute and while you think about it 20 children will die an agonising death. All Bob Gelfof is asking you to do is SIGN the Live8 List so next week he can bring all these names to Scotland and present them to the G8 leaders meeting there.
You may think, how can me signing a list make a difference ? We don't know for sure but with millions of signatures from people who vote these leaders in office, we hope that they will listen and make the right decisions. It doesn't cost a cent to sign the list but it can have the potiential to influence. Please, if you haven't done it yet, please go do it now and tell the G8 leaders that enough is enough.
Mike Kovacich


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I have seen many posts on this site about getting multiple infusions with tea. could anyone tell me wht this means. I have only been drinking tea for about a month.
guitarfreak2641 wrote:what would happen if you let it dry before using it?
javyn wrote:Don't bother with black tea. After one time, it's done.


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We're trying to come up with a percentage of Vermont Woods Studios' profits that we can promise to donate to the Rainforest Alliance, the Nature Conservancy, the World Wildlife Fund and other non-profits working to save the rainforest. Last year, being only our second year in business, we had no profits (uh hum…we're still investing in this business) but we still managed to donate over $1500. This year, we hope it will be much more (and based on profits!). We're asking for your help in making that happen.
This blog is written by your friends at Vermont Woods Studios. Check out our Vermont made furniture and home decor online and visit our showroom and art gallery at Stonehurst, the newly restored 1800s farmhouse nestled in the foothills of the Green Mountains.


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The purpose of the Africana Studies Graduate Certificate Program is to foster the acquisition of knowledge about Africa and the African Diaspora: their cultures, their histories, and their politics.
Any CGU student enrolled in an MA or PhD program may concurrently pursue a Certificate in Africana Studies. The certificate requires a minimum of five, 4-unit courses, including a core course titled "Concepts and Methods in Africana Studies."
The approved course sequence requires coherence and demonstration of substantive breadth, and relevance to Africana Studies. All five of the courses may count as credit for the MA or PhD For the certificate to be awarded, a student must attain a minimum GPA of 3.0 in the courses taken for the certificate.
Students enrolled in a CGU degree program may apply for the Africana Studies certificate program by completing the Certificate/Degree Program Change Form and submitting it to the School of Arts and Humanities office.
Once students have completed all of the requirements they must fill out an Intent to Receive a Degree form and the Master's Degree - or - Certificate Final Approval form to receive the certificate. Links to both forms can be found at: http://www.cgu.edu/pages/179.asp.
For more information, please contact:
School of Arts & Humanities
Claremont Graduate University
831 N. Dartmouth Avenue
Claremont, CA 91711
Phone: (909) 621-8612
Fax: (909) 607-9587
© 2017 Claremont Graduate University • 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA 91711 • (909) 621-8000 • Campus Safety • Emergency Info • Campus Map/Driving Directions


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Doctors may treat infertility with these common options.
Infertility may happen for a number of reasons, and it is fairly common among couples trying to conceive. Generally defined, infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after a year of intercourse without contraception. Treating infertility may simply be a matter of changing a few lifestyle factors, or it may require varying degrees of medical intervention. Every couple has different reasons for being unable to conceive, so a medical evaluation of both partners is necessary in order to determine the cause and proper treatment for each case of infertility. Your doctor may recommend one or more of the following infertility treatments.
Lifestyle changes. One of the most common lifestyle changes for treating infertility is to have sex regularly, or to do so according to an ovulation calendar in an attempt to take advantage of periods of peak fertility. The National Library of Medicine states, "You can increase your chances of becoming pregnant each month by having sex at least every 3 days before and during ovulation. It is especially important to do so 72 hours before ovulation begins." Other changes may include attaining a healthy weight if youre significantly under or overweight, improving your daily nutrition and exercising regularly. Men may benefit from wearing loose-fitting underwear made of natural fibers, as well as avoiding exposure to high temperatures for prolonged periods of time. Reducing or eliminating nicotine and alcohol intake may also improve your chances of conception.
Medical intervention. Infertility may be caused by low sperm counts or abnormal motility, eggs that are not releasing, the failure of eggs to adhere to the uterine wall after fertilization, blockages in the fallopian tubes, ovarian cysts and many other such causes. Many of these problems may respond to drug therapy, though others may require surgical intervention. In addition, it may be possible to use alternative fertilization methods and implant the viable fertilized egg in the womans womb. Medical intervention is often expensive and may carry some additional risks, but in many cases, it is quite effective for a couple that is unable to conceive on their own. Your doctor may require that you try to conceive on your own for one year before beginning fertility treatments unless there is an apparent medical reason for infertility.Brought to you by: Spry


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These games teach valuable skills and have a high fun and educational rating.
Your child develops knowledge of anatomy and physiology by watching this playful skeleton storybook video.
Your child gains familiarity of colonial occupations as well as spatial reasoning skills by completing challenge along the way of delivering a midnight message.
Your child develops social studies knowledge as well as reading comprehension by watching this animated storybook about the Boston Tea Party.
Your child will develop reading comprehension skills by reading / listening to a story about a troll who goes to a fairy school and learn to be nice to others.
Your child develops reading comprehension and textual analysis skills by using the context of the sentence to resolve ambiguities about sentence meanings.
Your child will learn to use the correct word order in written/spoken sentences by choosing words and placing them in the right order to make sentences and create stories.
Your child develops textual analysis skills by using the context of the sentence to resolve ambiguities about the sentence meaning.
Your child develops narrative building and reading comprehension skills by following along with a story that he/she creates.
Your child develops writing skills while choosing fun words to complete their story.
Your child develops reading comprehension and knowledge of word meanings by watching this playful interactive storybook.
Zoodles 11.5.8 Copyright (c) 2014 Inquisitive Minds, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Lowestoft Town 0 East Thurrock United 0
(C) Archant Norfolk 2013
Lowestoft Town were frustrated in their attempt to kickstart their season after a goalless draw at home to East Thurrock this afternoon.
After six consecutive postponements the Blues finally got back into action but they couldn't make it a winning return.
The Trawlerboys looked rusty in the opening period with Robert Eagle's 20-yard effort the closest they came to opening the scoring.
East Thurrock looked more than happy to settle for a point as the game unfolded and Lowestoft grew into the contest in the second half. Chris Henderson hit the bar with a clipped effort midway through the second period and substitute Joe Francis missed a gilt-edged chance late on. A disappointing afternoon was complete when defender Curtley Williams saw a straight red card for a late fracas.
Lowestoft were understandably slow out of the blocks after such a long spell without a game and East Thurrock were more than happy to sit back and watch the Blues toil.
The first shot of the afternoon came in the 21st minute from Liam Burgess but his effort was sliced horribly wide and summed up a lacklustre first half.
Lowestoft's first sight of goal came just before the half-hour mark when Scott Mitchell advanced through the midfield before letting fly from 25 yards but his shot was well wide.
Jack Defty then had a half chance shortly after thanks to good work down the left by Robert Eagle but the big striker miscued and although Henderson claimed the second ball but his effort was straight at the keeper.
The best chance of the half came in the 37th minute when Erkan Okay's biting challenge robbed Tom Stephen before the midfielder fed Eagle. The former Norwich City midfielder turned on the edge of the area and his left-footed shot looked to be heading for the bottom corner before Elliott Justham dived to his left to tip wide.
Lowestoft had a left-off at the start of the second half when a clumsy challenge by Williams saw Kye Ruel go to ground but the referee waved away East Thurrock's protests.
The Trawlerboys could have had a spot-kick of their own shortly after when Spencer Harrison appeared to charge down Henderson's shot from the edge of the area with his arms but, again, the referee was unimpressed.
Lowestoft were slowly gaining a grip on proceedings and Henderson went close again after Defty picked out Saker's excellent run down the right. The Blues full-back pulled the ball back for the former Bury man but his effort from 10 yards was cleared off the line by Ben Wood.
Henderson was certainly the man that looked most likely and he came even closer to breaking the deadlock in the 67th minute. Lee Smith dummied Saker's pass into Henderson's path and his curling effort from the edge of the area clattered against the crossbar.
The goal wouldn't come though despite a golden chance for substitute Joe Francis in injury time. The winger was picked out by Mitchell at the back post but, after his initial shot had been blocked by a defender, his follow up was saved at Justham's near post.
Lowestoft's afternoon got even worse shortly after when Williams was shown a straight red after an alleged stamp in the penalty area.
- Lowestoft Town (4-4-2): Plummer, Saker, Williams, Gaughran, A Smith (Crane 90), L Smith, Mitchell, Okay, Eagle (Frew 85), Henderson (Francis 82), Defty. Subs not used: Dawkin, Fisk.
- East Thurrock United (4-5-1): Justham, Sammons, Wood, Harrison, Stephen, Lawson (Newby 66), Gilbey, Collins (Menga 70), Burgess (Parmenter 66), Ruel, Higgins. Subs not used: Peddie, Keith.
- Referee: J Steel
- Attendance: 553


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Fair ~
High: 51°F ~ Low: 46°F
Monday, Jan. 23, 2017
What I Learned in High SchoolPosted Friday, August 27, 2010, at 5:18 PM
It has been 81 years since my first day in high school, and I still have most of the textbooks I used in that great adventure. I had to buy my own textbooks back then, and I sure had to sell a lot of possum hides to pay my way through high school.
Just a few days back, I was digging through my accumulation of books and came across my old textbook,"Principles Of Agriculture" that I used in the ninth grade.
This book of 592 pages stressed the fact that the proper care and feeding of farm animals, especially horses, was the most important factor in successful farming. It went on to say that in January 1920 there were over 21 million horses and 4 million mules furnishing the horsepower for farming in the United States. They also mentioned that some people had advocated that the tractor would some day replace the horse on the farm. The book went on to say on page 223: "This has not occured, nor will it ever occur."
Agriculture was a required subject back then, even for girls, and we all learned which breed of cows gave the most milk and which ones produced the most butterfat per gallon of milk. We all learned how to test milk for its butter content and how to operate a cream separator. There were eleven in our graduating class, and I seriously doubt that any one of the eleven ever owned a dairy cow.
This textbook showed some pretty pictures of chickens and plainly stated that every farm should have poultry. It went into great detail in telling us how to build a chicken house, indicating that there should be at least 400 square feet of floor space for every 100 hens, and the farmer should provide a "scratching shed with at least eight inches of straw on the ground, where grain could be fed in the straw, so the chickens would get exercise while scratching for the grain. It also told us how to provide a ration of feed that would produce equal amounts of egg yolks, whites and shell.
In growing wheat, this book recommended that the seed bed be prepared in July and left idle until planting time in late October or November. They suggested that the wheat be harvested with the binder, when the straw begins to turn yellow and the grain is just past the dough stage, with the bundles of wheat be put in shocks to mature and dry before threshing.
Today we harvest a crop of soybeans from a field in late October or November,and with very little tillage, we have it planted in wheat in a matter of hours. Back in 1929, 20 bushels was considered a good yield; whereas today we wait until the grain is completely mature and dry before harvesting it with the combine, with the expectation of getting a yeald of at least 60 bushels per acre.
I never considered myself as being an overly industrious student, but this book shows lots of wear, with notes scribbled on the pages, indicating that I surely must have put in many hours cramming my head with knowledge I would never need or use.
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Great topic Mr Corbin, very interesting reading, much like the diagramming of sentences years ago. Of course I benefited greatly from diagramming sentences!!
-- Posted by Dexterite1 on Thu, Sep 2, 2010, at 4:02 PM
Oh, I wish I'd known about the pine tar 35 years ago!!!
-- Posted by goat lady on Sat, Aug 28, 2010, at 7:16 PM
If conditions continue to roll along at the present rate, you might be able to sell your agriculture textbook for a whole lot more than the amount you paid when you purchased it. I did not take an ag class but I had my mother who "bored" me endlessly with information that I was sure I would never need. Imagine my surprise when I wound up with a chicken house full of the stinky things! I knew how to rub on pine tar to disguise the drop of blood on the rear of a chicken to keep the others from pecking it to death. I planted, weeded, harvested, and processed tons of vegetables from gardens I "just knew" I would never have--but for which my mother prepared me.
Good blog!!
-- Posted by geezerette on Sat, Aug 28, 2010, at 1:47 PM
So funny! I love this blog topic, and I wonder if the same thing is going on in our educational system today?
However, I have to admit that typing was an essential class, even though so much has changed with this age of computers. Keying in words is still relevant today - but I wonder how long it'll be before some new-fangled process will make even typing obsolete?
And, even though spoken and written English is still relevant, our vocabulary is changing dramatically. In fifty years, will we be able to understand what is being written today?
-- Posted by goat lady on Sat, Aug 28, 2010, at 9:50 AM
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Paul Corbin is a 100-year-old historian, humorist, and amateur archaeologist from Advance, Mo. He grew up in the Greenbrier area west of Advance, where he attended Stepp School on the banks of Cato Slough and the Castor River, important waterways throughout his life. In an age when many area residents did not go to high school, the young Corbin made the decision to walk the five miles to Zalma, graduating in 1933. Throughout his life, he was an enterprising businessman, selling Watkins products from house to house throughout a large area - and later opening a variety store in Advance. He and his wife Geneva traveled throughout the United States, even following the route that the Lewis and Clark expedition traveled. His knowledge of Native American culture is extensive, and he has donated a sizeable collection of his artifacts to the Cape Girardeau Conservation Nature Center and the Bollinger County Museum of Natural History in Marble Hill. Throughout the years, he has submitted articles to TBY, the North Stoddard Countian, the Ozark Mountaineer, and several other Missouri publications. He has also written two books - "Reflections in Missouri Mud," and "Fragments of my Feeble Mind." The first one is out of print.
Hot topicsInvasion from Mars, 1938
(1 ~ 11:00 AM, Jan 5)
Capturing Oral History: Grandmother's trip over Bloomfield Road
My Short Term Memory
Words we seldom use
What I learned in high school


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The world's best hotels.Get the list.
From the U.S. State Department:
Millions of U.S. citizens safely visit Mexico each year for study, tourism, and business, including more than 150,000 who cross the border every day. The Mexican government makes a considerable effort to protect U.S. citizens and other visitors to major tourist destinations, and there is no evidence that Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) have targeted U.S. visitors and residents based on their nationality. Resort areas and tourist destinations in Mexico generally do not see the levels of drug-related violence and crime reported in the border region and in areas along major trafficking routes.
Nevertheless, U.S. travelers should be aware that the Mexican government has been engaged in an extensive effort to counter TCOs which engage in narcotics trafficking and other unlawful activities throughout Mexico. The TCOs themselves are engaged in a violent struggle to control drug trafficking routes and other criminal activity. As a result, crime and violence are serious problems throughout the country and can occur anywhere. U.S. citizens have fallen victim to TCO activity, including homicide, gun battles, kidnapping, carjacking and highway robbery. ...
You should defer non-essential travel to the state of Michoacán except the cities of Morelia and Lázaro Cardenas where you should exercise caution. Flying into Morelia and Lázaro Cardenas, or driving to Lázaro Cardenas via highway 200 from Zihuatanejo/Ixtapa, are the recommended methods of travel. Attacks on Mexican government officials, law enforcement and military personnel, and other incidents of TCO-related violence, have occurred throughout Michoacán.
U.S. State Department Warning