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VintageTrends.com offers an eclectic collection of authentic
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The herb and essential oil research at Delaware State University is the first federally or state-supported project of this kind for the dried product and/or essential oil in the last five decades. It was initiated in 1978 with a grant from the Cooperative State Research Service. Because of this early initiative and our on-going work, we possess a solid basis for developing a centralized research support system by the following criteria.
- Delaware State University is a source of germplasm for herbs and essential oil plants. We have selected commercially important cultivars for the dozen plants under consideration in our existing research (catnip, lavandin, hardy sweet marjoram, Greek oregano, damask rose, rosemary, saffron, clary sage, Dalmatian sage, savory, French tarragon, and valerian). The selection (or rejection) of these cultivars was based upon botanical/agronomic characteristics (leaf size, flowering size, hardiness, disease resistance) and chemical analysis by gas chromatography/ infrared spectroscopy/ mass spectrometry (GC/IR/MS). We also maintain about 300 clones of Mentha (mint), which supplements the mint collection at the national Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis (1/3 of the primary mint germplasm at Corvallis originated from the Project Leader). These herbs were initially gathered from around the world and are always readily distributed to growers in the U.S. In addition, we have collected, propagated, and published on new ethnic herbs from the Asian and Hispanic communities for commercial exploitation.
- Preliminary agronomic management techniques have been documented for most of the dozen plants: spacing, soil, fertilizers, mulching, and potential pesticides. We have been periodically contacted to advise on growing these herbs from a variety of federal, state, and private organizations, domestically and internationally.
- We maintain a comprehensive literature file on flavor, fragrance, and medicinal plants encompassing approximately 20,500 reprints backed by approximately 6,700 books and 150,000 bibliographic reference cards. This continually growing collection has been periodically contacted by federal agencies (U.S.D.A.), academia (Oregon State University, Purdue), industry (McCormick; R. J. Reynolds; Rodale Press; Interweave Press; Norfolk Lavender, England; Richter's, Canada; Earthworks; Well Sweep Herb Farm), and private organizations (American Herbal Products Association, American Horticultural Society, Herb Society of America, Herb Research Foundation, International Herb Growers & Marketers Association/International Herb Association) to provide information.
- We have published widely on flavor, fragrance, and medicinal plants, often co-authoring with scientists from academia (Rutgers University, Arizona State University, Baylor University), botanic gardens (Longwood Gardens; Jardin Botanico Nacional, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic), private groups (Ozark Resources Center), and industry (R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Earthworks). This information has been disseminated in the form of meetings (scientists, growers, and marketers), scientific publications, popular publications, book chapters, and conference proceedings (for published information, see list of publications).
- We are considered national experts in the identification of herbs. We thus do taxonomic consulting work with the major importers of herbs and spices (e.g., Baltimore Spice, McCormick, Lebermuth, Tone Brothers) and herb research foundations (American Herbal Products Association, Herb Research Foundation). Our research complements the Claude E. Phillips Herbarium at DSU, which contains approximately 110,000 specimens. This is considered a larger medium-sized herbarium by national standards (87th out of 525 herbaria in the US) and the largest herbarium at an HBCU. It is particularly rich in European, Asiatic, and American specimens from the Lamiaceae and Apiaceae.
- We have established the methodologies for essential oil analysis by GC/MS, backed by a computerized matching library of our own creation. We have cooperated with academia (Oregon State University, Baylor University, Cornell University, University of Gronigen) and industry (Crompton & Knowles, Laurent) in establishing this database and trading information. Our existing Hewlett-Packard 5980 gas chromatograph/5970 mass spectrometer has handled most of our work for documentation of the quality and quantity of both the dried product and essential oils.
- We have developed both electrically and solar heated pilot dryers to handle up to a few acres.
- DSU and Southern university are the only HBCU's to have sponsored an international conference in this area (International Herb Growers & Marketers Conference/Internation Herb Association).
- DSU, in cooperation with the University of Delaware, has organized a Delaware Herb Growers and Marketers Association.
- The Project Leader is on the editorial board for the Journal of Essential Oil Research, Economic Botany, and Herbs for Health.
- The Project Leader is on the review panel for the American Herbal Products Association (AHPA), the Advisory Board of the American Botanical Council (ABC), the Scientific Panel and Program Committee of the International Herb Association (IHA), and Botany and Horticulture Committee of The Herb Society of America (HSA).
- The expertise of the Project Leader in flavor, fragrance, and medicinal plants has been recognized by the first faculty research achievement award at DSU in 1988, the Helen de Conway Little Medal of Honor from the HSA in 1990, the Otto Richter Memorial Lecture Award from IHGMA in 1993, the R. D. Morrison and F. E. Evans Outstanding Scientist Award from the Association of Research Directors in 1994, Distinguished Research Award from National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education (NAFEO) in 1994, Scientific Award from the American Horticulture Society (AHS) in 1996, and the Industry Achievement Award from Texas Herb Growers and Marketers Association (THGMA) in 1996.
- We have established tissue cultures of both Mentha and Salvia to investigate somaclonal variation and somatic fusion to create new flavors and fragrances. This has been accomplished with graduate students through the Department of Biology at DSU.
- Delaware State University is in close geographical proximity to the National Herb Garden at the US National Arboretum. The National Arboretum is exactly two hours from DSU, so we have worked with both the former curator, Ms. Holly Shimizu, and the present curator, Ms. Janet Walker.
Future Plans for Research in Herbs at Delaware State University
We see the need for our research on herbs and essential oils at Delaware State University to expand into the following areas to strengthen our goal of developing an agricultural industry in Delaware.
- We are currently constructing a demonstration area in conjunction with the aquaculture research group directed by Dr. Bernard Petrosky. This area will encompass demonstration plots, driers, etc. for public education.
- While we have sought economically important natural chemicals from various sources (Florasynth, Commodity Services International, Aromatics Inc., Freshworld of DuPont), we think that a consortium of academia and industry would allow us to better assess the needs of the marketplace. A consortium is being developed with the University of Mississippi and C.S.R.S. for natural products; affiliation would greatly benefit our research.
- While we have emphasized flavor and fragrance plants, expansion into some medicinals may be advantageous at this time in view of the changing federal legislation and marketplace trends.
- We rely upon our own subjective evaluation of public needs of research, but we think that we need more public input, which in turn would engender greater public support.

subset: commoncrawl


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Dancing with the Stars' first elimination turned out to be moot after Dorothy Hamill withdrew with a spine injury. But since that was kept on the down low from the cast until the show announcement, no one's nerves were quelled. "No one knew [so] I was really nervous," Aly Raisman tells TVGuide.com. "Standing up there, I was like, 'Sh-- just got real! Someone's going to leave.' Luckily, we were saved pretty early." Raisman and her partner Mark Ballas are in third place on the leader board after two weeks and have the Viennese waltz next on Prom Week. Get the scoop on the routine and their "really cool surprise."
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Security video from inside the Krispy Kreme in Jeffersontown, Ky., shows two customers leaving as red truck crashes through on Monday, Sept. 30, 2013. The (Louisville, Ky.) Courier-Journal
Woman destroys front of business while on a doughnut run.
JEFFERSONTOWN, Ky. -- A woman driving a pickup caused serious damage to a Krispy Kreme store Monday when she careened through the building.
Jeffersontown Police Sgt. Brian Colebank said the 72-year-old driver had pulled her red Ford F-150 truck into a parking spot at the doughnut shop when the accident happened.
"She went to hit the brake and may have mistakenly hit the gas pedal instead," Colebank said.
John Heffley and Bob Cross had walked out of the shop seconds before the accident.
"We were sitting inside, having a doughnut and coffee ... we got up ... as we were walking out the door, the truck came plowing through and the door was on top of me," said Heffley, who sustained cuts from shattered glass and debris.
The front of the building was destroyed in the accident and the store will be closed indefinitely, said Ted Braun, the Krispy Kreme's general manager.
The driver of the red Ford F-150 involved in the accident was treated at the scene, Colebank said.
The name of the driver, who was not injured, was not released. Her son, Troy Holder, said his mother had gone to buy doughnuts.
"She called me and said she was in an accident and when I get here and see this ... it's a miracle from God that no one was seriously hurt," he said.


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It was a little burnt on top but the crust could have used another minute.
I had a pizza disaster. The dough did not rise and the cheese was burnt. Some person told me to mix the yeast with hot water. (100 degrees). Did not work on this pizza. I had to throw it out.
Peter, you mentioned using your cuisinart to shred cheese. Are you using the disk or just letting the blade have at it?
Baked up two more of these this weekend, except used beer (Killian's Irish Red is what I had in the fridge) for 75% of the formula water. Interestingly, the biggest change was in the texture, which seemed moister but more dense although the crumb was quite open. The baked dough was also less white, I assume from the red beer, and I was surprised that taste-wise the beer only added a subtle difference. I should have done a side by side to be sure though. Anyway it was quite good and got thumbs up from my tasters.One non Det with pesto and pep on top, and one clone version.


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You limited your search to:
Partner: UNT College of Visual Arts + Design
Decade: 1960-1969
Year: 1967
Collection: Texas Fashion Collection
- Coat
- Coat of royal blue and dark magenta striped silk with matching belt. A) Coat of royal blue and dark magenta striped silk. Double breasted with 10 1-inch gold with inlaid mother-of-pearl buttons and 5 bound buttonholes. Bermuda collar. 3/4 length sleeves with 3" band cuffs. Two large patch pockets at sides. Lined in navy silk. Four large, covered snaps supplement closure. Coat has been altered by stitching front closed at lower portion of opening to form a "dress". Designer's label at center back neckline: "Norman Norell / New York" B) Covered belt in matching royal blue and dark magenta striped silk. Three inches wide with self covered, rectangular cinch buckle. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330388/
- Dress
- Dress of black wool knit. Knee-length, with rounded, jewel neckline. Sleeveless with high shoulder yoke. Princess seaming. Center back closure with 5 large circular black plastic buttons and several hidden snaps; bound buttonholes. Lined in black fabric. Designer's label sewn inside skirt lining: "Norman Norell / New York". Retailer's label sewn at inside back left near closure: "Lou Lattimore / Dallas" digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc461774/
- Dress
- Dress of lime green polyester/linen blend in sheath style. Bateau neckline with short raglan sleeves on yoke. Knee length. Center back zipper closure with hook & eye and three faux wooden oblong buttons on yoke. Slit pockets at side seams. Lined in green polyester. Designer's label at center back to left of zipper: "Bill Blass" Retailer's label at left side seam near hem: "Neiman-Marcus" With matching belt, with large brown circular plastic latch buckle and amber colored latch. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795289/
- Ensemble
- Bright red/orange wool dress and coat ensemble from 1st collection. a) Coat of bright red/orange wool. Long sleeves and collared neckline. Double breasted with large, covered snaps on inside as closure. Two pockets formed from panels on coat. Lined in red acetate. Designer's label at inside, back neckline: "Jean Marie Armand / Paris / Made in France" b) Dress . Bracelet length sleeves and jewel neckline. Knee length. Center front zipper. Hourglass shaped front panel forms pockets at left and right. Lined in red acetate. Designer's label at inside, back neckline: "Jean Marie Armand / Paris / Made in France" digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc286926/
- Ensemble - Dress and Jacket
- Ensemble of windowpane plaid woven polyester blend(?) in white and pink, yellow and green neon. A) Jacket. With turndown collar and short sleeves, the jacket has a center front opening secured with 3 hook-and-eyes and three large white braid frogs. Lined in white polyester. Designer's label sewn in at inside back collar: "Elinor Simmons / for / Malcolm Starr" Origin label: "Made in the British / Crown Colony of Hong Kong" Size label: "12" B) Dress of matching fabric. Knee- to street-length, the dress is sleeveless with a standing collar. Slightly A-lined with princess seaming and two patch pockets at front. Center back opening with hooks-and-eyes at top and zipper below. Labels are the same as in jacket. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501334/
- Evening Dress
- Evening dress of black silk crepe with jewel neckline, and three-quarter length sleeves; completely hand embroidered in turquoise, white and gold paillettes; knee-length. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30109/
- Evening Dress
- Evening dress of multi-layered yellow silk chiffon. The slim, full-length dress has a shallow, rounded neckline, and 3/4 length sleeves. The dress has a left side zipper and a 10" center back opening with 2 covered hook & eyes. The dress consists of a complex layered structure. The innermost layer is of yellow silk from bust to hem, the middle layer of yellow chiffon, and the outer layer of yellow chiffon with hand painted stylized floral design of purple and teal roses with green sprays. The floral design is concentrated on center front of dress with one teal rose on upper right and single purple rose at bottom left of back. Designer's label at left by zipper: "Galanos" Retailer's label at right armhole: "Neiman-Marcus" digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501302/
- Evening Gown
- Evening gown. Strapless, full-length gown with pattern of horizontal chevrons in orange and white, and with Lurex chevrons in metallic iridescent blues, greens, and orange. Upper edge of dress with band of same fabric at 90 degree angle, and with flat bow of self at center front. Zipper at back, off-center to left side. Bodice with inner corset band with snaps and hooks-and-eyes. Dress lined in cream damask with woven logo "Mori Hanae" repeated over entire surface. With accompanying rectangular orange silk shawl/scarf/wrap. Designer's label: "Hanae Mori" with Japanese characters. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501301/
- Hat
- Hat of light brown leather printed with dark brown "squiggles". The domed crown is surmounted by a circular button covered with same leather. Around base of crown is a narrow band of same leather, tied, with trailing ends. The wide, floppy brim bends downwards. Unlined, with the leather is backed with a felt-like material. Inner brown grosgrain ribbon hatband. No labels in the hat. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc305338/
- Photographs of Joyce Shoop wearing Hanae Mori evening gown
- Three photographs of Ms. Joyce Shoop wearing a Hanae Mori evening gown (TFC Inventory (2015.002.001). One photo of Ms. Shoop wearing the gown while working at the 14th Annual Tokyo Motor Show, October 25-November 8, 1967, in Tokyo, Japan. Ms. Shoop had bought the dress in 1967 in Tokyo. Two photographs are her publicity shots from her work as a model for the Kim Dawson Agency. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503802/
- Platform Heels
- Platform heel in red and white floral print on black ground. Shoes designed as open-toed pumps set on high platform at front, with wide band across vamp, open sides, and sling back which springs from a wide "Y" shaped strap. High, chunky heels taper slightly to base. Shoes covered with all-over print of large stylized flowers of red and white on a black ground. Designer's label inside: "Andrea Pfister / Paris" Marked on sole: "a / Made in Italy" and "35 1/2" digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc114944/
- Raincoat
- Raincoat of navy and white horizontal striped patent vinyl. The A-line coat is of short length, extending to just above the knee, and has long sleeves. Center-front opening has wide overlap, and is secured with 4 snaps. There are two side-seam pockets, and a red vinyl belt with square buckle. The coat is fully lined in dark maroon/purple/red taffeta. Coat has single label: "La Flaque / de Paris". Belt has repeated stamped on reverse: "Excel / Backing Guaranteed Wash or clean / as garment" digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30139/
- Shell Top
- Shell top of yellow silk gaberdine. Sleeveless with mandarin collar. Center back zipper. Lined in yellow silk. Unhemmed bottom. No labels. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc461849/
- Shoes
- Pair of sling-back shoes of hot pink brocade. The s hoes are designed with gently pointed toe. The toebox is of a single piece of brocade, cut in a slight wave from toe to instep, and sewn to create "petal" effect. Sling-back strap of same fabric, fastening at back of heel. Heel modified Louis style, tapering to base. Designer's label stamped inside: "Salvatore Ferragamo / Florence / Italy" Stamped on sole: "Hand made in Italy" Handwritten inside: "DM 845 / 788 4 1/2B" digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc114934/
- Skirt
- White leather mini-skirt with 4 applied black leather bands running horizontally around skirt. White leather suspenders attached at back, cross at back, and run over shoulders to fasten at circular white leather-covered buttons on waistband in front. Fully lined in white nylon. Shirt does not fit tight at waist. Pictured with black knit turtle-neck top, long-sleeves. Designer's label: "Courreges / Exclusively Designed in / Leather and Fabric for / Samuel Robert" digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc286823/


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Key Strategies for Unlocking B2B Location Intelligence Revenues
USA's premier location intelligence conference is back. Focusing on to how effectively meet challenges faced by companies selling to enterprise in order to cash in on the Location Intelligence boom.
Location Intelligence is now becoming a necessity rather than a luxury, don't be left behind in the race to adopt it
However, one essential issue remains: what is the most effective strategy for companies to monetize location intelligence? Make this a turning point for your company and discover, analyze and learn about the best ways to make huge profits in the B2B environment.
Click here to download more information
Across 2 full and focused days you will:
Don't Miss Out, Register Now and Save $400 with the Super Early Bird Price
Focused Debate, Discussion and Insight Into The Issues That Most Affect Your Business:
For A Full Breakdown Of The Topics That Will be Covered Download the Brochure Now
Trailblazing industry experts share their insight and experience
Todd Hollenbeck, Director- IT, Fedex - Tells you how to maximize your GIS solution both in and outside of the cloud,
Craig Bedell, Worldwide Industry Executive, Business Analytics Software Group, IBM - Helps you discover the best way to go above and beyond your strategic objectives
Jillian L. Elder, Senior Manager - Enterprise Geographic Information Services, Walgreens - Uncovers the strategies to successful integration of Location Intelligence through one of the USA's biggest retailers
Beny Rubinstien,Sr. Specialist Business Development Manager & Marketing Lead – Cloud Computing, Microsoft Azure - Tells you how to maximize savings for your business in the Cloud
Wayne Gearey, PhD, Senior Vice President Location Intelligence, Jones Lang LaSalle Americas - Shows you how to exploit the growing partnership between Location Intelligence and Healthcare
To See More of the Top Speakers We have Contributing Download the Brochure
Who should attend
We aim to unite the key players from inside the location Intelligence ecosystem, but also the vital companies from outside the ecosystem who are needed to ensure the industry generates the expected profits from the location boom.
You can see a complete list of the attendees from the last conference here
We will bring together:
Make sure you don't miss out on your slice of the action and Register Now!
Still Not Convinced? Then Have a look at what lasts years delegates had to say about the show:
This was a great forum for Business leaders to gain insight into the world of Location Intelligence amd seed the thought of expanding their business
Tom Citriniti, Product Evangelist, Pitney Bowes Business Insight
Impressive breadth of attendees and speakers, well done
Kipp Jones, Chief Architect, Skyhook
A lot of interesting presentations and discussions
Kevin Nolan,GIS Manager, Wells Fargo
Loved the diversity of Presenters
Andre Pregent, Senior Geomatics Policy Advisor, GeoConnections
This provided great insight into what organisations are seeing from an industry perspective
Cynthia Williams, Director - Location Intelligence, Pitney Bowes Business Insight
I thought it was very informative and very interesting
Brad Surdick, Senior Associate, Discover Financial Services
I was impressed with the quality of speakers and the topics covered
Vince Restucci, Managing Director, USADS LLC
As a product manager, my job is to manage a fine balance between creating value to my company and promoting the most optimised and best in class experience to enterprise consumers. This conference has helped me in being more creative in both of those aspects
Shobhit Jain, Product Manager, Navteq
The rapid development of innovative applications using the vast amount of gepspatial data requires more conferences like 'ESLI' – this was an illuminating experience
Geoff Zeiss, Director – Technology, Autodesk
Great Opportunity to connect with piers and get caught up on what's hot and what's not
Chris Thomas, Vice President - Solutions Consulting, DMTI Spatial
Looking forward to seeing you in Chicago!
Best wishes,
Chris Quaile


text:
Marlin Stutzman on Abortion
Proponent's Argument for voting Yes:
[Rep. Fortenberry, R-NE]: Americans deserve to know how the government spends their money, and they are right to refuse the use of their tax dollars for highly controversial activities--in this case, abortion. Abortion harms women. It takes the lives of children, and it allows a man to escape his responsibility. The abortion industry many times profits from all of this pain. We can and must do better as a society, and at a minimum, taxpayer dollars should not be involved. This issue has manifested itself most intently during the health care debate. Unless a prohibition is enacted, taxpayers will fund abortion under the framework of the new health care law. Abortion is not health care.
Opponent's Argument for voting No:
[Rep. Louise Slaughter, D-NY]: H.R. 3 is actually dangerous for women's health. By refusing to provide any exceptions to women who are facing serious health conditions--cancer, heart or whatever that may be--you are forcing women to choose to risk their health or to risk bankruptcy, and I think that is morally unacceptable. Under H.R. 3, a woman facing cancer who needs to terminate a pregnancy in order to live might have to go into debt over the $10,000 that the legal and necessary procedure could cost. Despite having both health insurance and tax-preferred savings accounts, this bill would prevent her from having that.
Project Vote Smart infers candidate issue stances on key topics by summarizing public speeches and public statements. Candidates are given the opportunity to respond in detail; about 16% did so in the 2010 races.
Project Vote Smart summarizes candidate stances on the following topic: 'Abortion Issues: Do you consider yourself pro-life?'
Congressional Summary: Susan B. Anthony and Frederick Douglass Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2011: Imposes criminal penalties on anyone who knowingly or knowingly attempts to:
Sponsor's Letter (Rep. Trent Franks):PRENDA restricts sex-selection abortion and race-selection abortion, and the coercion of a woman to obtain either. The woman seeking an abortion is exempted from prosecution, while abortion providers are held to account.
Opponents' Opinion (Erin Gloria Ryan on jezebel.com):Rep. Franks, a white man, has claimed that his desire to disallow "race-selective abortions" is based on his concern that the black community is having so many abortions. He doesn't say how, exactly, doctors are supposed to determine that a black woman seeking an abortion is doing so because her fetus would be black or whether she's just doing it because she doesn't want to be pregnant. Let's be honest here: this isn't really about saving girls and minorities; it's about eventually making abortion illegal. A sex-selection ban would present the Supreme Court with a dilemma: it dares the pro-abortion justices to embrace an abortion right to kill girls for being girls.
Congressional Summary:Prohibits providing any federal family planning assistance to an entity unless the entity will not perform, and will not provide any funds to any other entity that performs, an abortion. Excludes an abortion where: (1) the pregnancy is the result of an act of rape or an act of incest against a minor; or (2) a physician certifies that the woman suffered from a physical disorder, injury, or illness that would place the woman in danger of death unless an abortion is performed.
Wikipedia Explanation:Title X of the Public Health Service Act, titled "Population Research and Voluntary Family Planning Programs" is a US government program dedicated to providing family planning services for those in need. Title X provides access to contraceptive services, supplies and information. Priority for services is given to persons of low-income.
Sponsor Remarks by Rep. Mike Pence:It is morally wrong to take the taxpayer dollars of millions of pro-life Americans and use them to promote abortion. Last year, Planned Parenthood received more than $363 million in revenue from government grants; and performed an unprecedented 324,008 abortions. The largest abortion provider in America should not also be the largest recipient of federal funding under Title X. The Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act will prevent any family planning funds under Title X from going to Planned Parenthood or other organizations that perform abortions. It will ensure that abortion providers are not being subsidized with federal tax dollars.
OnTheIssues Explanation: Federal money is never explicitly provided for abortions. But Planned Parenthood does provide abortions, paid for via private funds. At issue is the "fungibility" of money: Planned Parenthood can use federal funds to supplement their budget and hence free up other funds for abortion. This bill would end that practice.
Prohibits providing any federal family planning assistance to an entity unless the entity certifies that, during the period of such assistance, the entity will not perform, and will not provide any funds to any other entity that performs, an abortion. Excludes an abortion where:
|2012 Governor, House and Senate candidates on Abortion:
|Marlin Stutzman on other issues:
IN Gubernatorial:
Mike Pence
IN Senatorial:
Daniel Coats
Joe Donnelly
Left 113th Congress, 2013-2014:
AL-1: Jo Bonner(R,resigned)
FL-13:Bill Young(R,deceased)
FL-19:Trey Radel(R,arrested)
IL-2: Jesse L. Jackson(D,convicted)
LA-5: Rodney Alexander(R,resigned)
MA-5: Ed Markey(D,elected)
MO-8: Jo Ann Emerson(R,resigned)
NC-12:Mel Watt(D,appointed)
NJ-1: Rob Andrews(D,investigated)
SC-1: Tim Scott(R,appointed)
Newly-elected special elections 2013-2014:
AL-1: Bradley Byrne(R)
FL-13:David Jolly(R)
FL-19:Curt Clawson(R)
IL-2: Robin Kelly(D)
LA-5: Vance McAllister(R)
MA-5: Katherine Clark(D)
MO-8: Jason Smith(R)
NC-12: Pending Jul.15
NJ-1: Pending Nov.4
SC-1: Mark Sanford(R)
Won primary 2014:
GA-11:Barry Loudermilk(R)
MA-6 :Richard Tisei(R)
TX-4: John Ratcliffe(R)
VA-7: Dave Brat(R)
AL-6 :Gary Palmer(R)
AR-4 :Bruce Westerman(R)
CA-11:Mark DeSaulnier(R)
CA-33:Ted Lieu(D)
CA-35:Norma Torres(D)
CA-45:Mimi Walters(R)
CO-4 :Ken Buck(R)
GA-1 :Buddy Carter(R)
GA-10:Jody Hice(R)
IA-1 :Pat Murphy(D)
MI-4 :John Moolenaar(R)
MI-12:Debbie Dingell(D)
MI-14:Brenda Lawrence(D)
MN-6 :Tom Emmer(R)
NC-6 :Mark Walker(R)
NC-7 :David Rouzer(R)
NJ-12:Bonnie Watson Coleman(R)
NY-4 :Kathleen Rice(D)
OK-5 :Steve Russell(R)
PA-13:Brendan Boyle(D)
TX-36:Brian Babin(R)
UT-4 :Mia Love(R)
VA-8 :Don Beyer(D)
Retiring to run for Senate in 2014:
AR-4: Tom Cotton(R)
CO-4: Cory Gardner(R)
GA-1: Jack Kingston(R)
GA-10:Paul Broun(R)
GA-11:Phil Gingrey(R)
HI-1: Colleen Hanabusa(D)
IA-1: Bruce Braley(D)
LA-6: Bill Cassidy(R)
MI-14:Gary Peters(D)
MT-0: Steve Daines(R)
OK-5: James Lankford(R)
TX-36:Steve Stockman(R)
WV-2: Shelley Moore Capito(R)
Former Reps running for House in 2014:
CA-3: Doug Ose(R)
CA-31:Joe Baca(D)
HI-1: Charles Djou(R)
IL-10:Bob Dold(R)
IL-17:Bobby Schilling(R)
KS-4: Todd Tiahrt(R)
MI-4: Peter Konetchy(R)
MI-14:Hansen Clarke(D)
MS-4: Gene Taylor(D)
MT-0: Denny Rehberg(R)
NH-1: Frank Guinta(R)
NY-11:Vito Fossella(R)
NY-18:Nan Hayworth(R)
OH-7: John Boccieri(D)
PA-13:Marjorie Margolies(D)
TX-23:Francisco Canseco(R)
Lost primary 2014:
GA-11:Bob Barr(R)
MA-6: John Tierney(D)
TX-4: Ralph Hall(R)
VA-7: Eric Cantor(R)
MI-11:Kerry Bentivolio(R)
Retiring to run for State Office in 2014:
AR-2: Tim Griffin(R)
CA-35:Gloria McLeod(D)
ME-2: Mike Michaud(D)
PA-13:Allyson Schwartz(D)
VI-0: Donna Christensen(D)
Retiring effective Jan. 2015:
AL-6: Spencer Bachus(R)
AZ-7: Ed Pastor(D)
CA-11:George Miller(D)
CA-25:Howard McKeon(R)
CA-31:Gary Miller(R)
CA-33:Henry Waxman(D)
CA-45:John Campbell(R)
IA-3: Tom Latham(R)
MI-4: Dave Camp(R)
MI-6: Tom Petri(R)
MI-12:John Dingell(D)
MN-6: Michele Bachmann(R)
NC-6: Howard Coble(R)
NC-7: Mike McIntyre(D)
NJ-3: Jon Runyan(R)
NJ-12:Rush Holt(D)
NY-4: Carolyn McCarthy(D)
NY-21:Bill Owens(D)
PA-6: Jim Gerlach(R)
UT-4: Jim Matheson(D)
VA-8: James Moran(D)
VA-10:Frank Wolf(R)
WA-4: Doc Hastings(R)
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text:
People with HIV are at increased risk of acute myocardial infarction
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet—Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence to: Jens D Lundgren
Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet—Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; jdl{at}cphiv.dk
Commentary on:
Implications for practise and research
HIV seropositive status adds to the risk of coronary heart disease.
This will have an impact on the morbidity and mortality patterns of persons who are HIV-positive (HIV+) as they age.
The reasons as to why this excess risk exists and what rational interventions should be used to reduce the risk remain key areas of research.
The continued use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows persons who are HIV+ to survive to an age where the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population is prominent. Traditional risk factors drive the risk of CVD in persons who are HIV+ to an extent comparable with the general population. These risk factors (eg, smoking, diabetes and dyslipidaemia) are seen more frequently …


text:
45th Presidential Inauguration photo gallery
Area Deaths
LILA CAYE, 94, Devils Lake, formerly of Jamestown, died Thursday in a Devils Lake nursing home. Funeral Monday, 7 p.m., in Gilbertson Funeral Home, Devils Lake.
GERALD BARENDT, 82, Webster, died Sunday in his home. Funeral Thursday, 10 a.m., St. Joseph Catholic Church, Devils Lake. Visitation Wednesday, 4 to 7 p.m., rosary and Scripture service Wednesday, 7 p.m., both in Gilbertson Funeral Home, Devils Lake.
TRIPP DAHL, 2-year-old son of Dana and Denise Dahl, Epping, died Saturday en route to a Fargo hospital. (Fulkerson Funeral Home, Williston)
DONALD FILIPEK, 90, Minot, died Friday in a Minot nursing home. A private family service will take place at Thompson-Larson Funeral Home, Minot.
ED LINHA, 71, Fargo, formerly of Minot, died Jan. 30 in his home. Memorial service Thursday, 2 p.m., First Congregational UCC Church, Fargo. (Hanson-Runsvold Funeral Home, Fargo)
WILLIAM STEVICK, 82, Minot, died Sunday in a Minot hospital. Funeral Friday, 2 p.m., Bethany Lutheran Church, Minot. Visitation Thursday, 2 to 7 p.m., in Thomas Family Funeral Home, Minot. Memorials are preferred to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 501 St. Jude Place, Memphis, TN 38105.
DONNA ESTERBY, 84, Minot, died Sunday in a Minot nursing home. Funeral Friday, 10:30 a.m., First Presbyterian Church, Minot. There will be no reviewal but people may sign a memorial book Thursday, 2 to 7 p.m., in Thomas Family Funeral Home, Minot.
EDNA TEBELIUS, 85, of Harvey, died Jan. 27 in a Mesa, Ariz., hospital. Visitation Wednesday, 2 to 6 p.m., in Hertz Funeral Home, Harvey. Funeral services will be at a later date.
PEDER "OLIVER" DUNDERLAND, 81, Lake Metigoshe, died Saturday in his home. Funeral Friday, 10 a.m., Metigoshe Lutheran Church, rural Bottineau. Visitation Thursday, 3 to 9 p.m., in Nero Funeral Home, Bottineau.
ELAINE GUSSIAAS, 86, Carrington, died Monday in a Carrington hospital. Funeral Wednesday, 10:30 a.m., Trinity Lutheran Church, Garrison. Visitation today, 11 a.m. to 7 p.m., prayer service today, 7 p.m., both in Evans Funeral Home, Carrington.
SHIRLEY BOTTKE, 77,of Williston and Watford City, formerly of Alexander, died Monday in a Watford City nursing home. Cremation will take place and a memorial service will be held in the spring. (Everson Funeral Home, Williston)
MARTHA HALL, 84, Minot, formerly of Chaseley, died Monday in a Velva nursing home. (Thompson-Larson Funeral Home, Minot)
GLADYS HEISER, 88, Williston, died Monday evening at Bethel Lutheran Nursing Home. (Everson Funeral Home, Williston)


text:
Topic: UTF-8 encoding issue
I'm working on a support issue where users enter text into a form and it should update an objects attributes in the database by calling update_attributes
The issue I'm having seems to be some kind of encoding problem - When a certain set of japanese characters are entered:
with the carriage return, it returns this error:
PG::Error: ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe3283f
: UPDATE "monitor_lists" SET "updated_at" = '2012-11-30 23:20:40.698964', "regexp" = '\bã(?:'°ãƒ¼ã'°ãƒ«|¯ã")\b', "list" = 'グーグル
ã¯ã"' WHERE "monitor_lists"."id" = 1
but I've checked and the front end site and back end DB both use UTF8, so there's no reason I can find why there should be an issue there. I did wonder if it could be something to do with the regex being generated for the japanese phrases - the error doesn't occur if you try either on their own or without the new line - but the hex code in the error line converts back to ?ã(? and that phrase isn't in the regex. I'm at a loss, so any suggestions would be appreciated.
Thanks in advance.
Last edited by silversurfer (2012-11-30 19:24:31)


text:
Do you see them as Beatles songs? Are they just as good as Beatles songs?
I like both songs. Okay. Well . . . . all four Beatles sing on both songs, right? John wrote the song but I THINK all had a part in the song someplace, right? Okay. They are Beatles songs. All 4 Beatles are singing on both. Just as good as any of the Beatles songs, depending on the time frame.
So YES I DO see them as Beatles songs and I think they are just as good.


text:
>Runner's World - My Event Ratings>
In short: Has got me hooked.......In full: This was my third and best run of the GNR, love the north east folk and the atmos. Brilliant to see elite and back of the pack folk all in one race. Will be back no doubt.Date of review: September 21, 2012
In short: Enjoyable day out!!In full: Enjoyed the first 20 miles but then it got too hot and the lack of support mile 16 to 22 made it hard work as a long out and back where you could see for miles how far you had to go seemed hard work. Extra water stops put on and good support from locals with the hose pipes and jelly babies out, many thanks to them.Date of review: June 7, 2012
In short: Magnificent scenery, great start time will be back.In full: Loved this race ran it thanks to Asics competition who were the sponsors. Started at the back due to the loo queue but after the first mile which was a squeeze with the cars on one side of the road stopped reducing the width available for running. Managed a pb for the half after a good winter of training. Great meal in the village afterwards. Dont like cups at the water stops but hey the money raised is for charity so wont grumble. Thanks to all concerned at Coniston for a great race.Date of review: April 10, 2012
In short: Atmospheric with a challenging course for a road raceIn full: Enjoyed my second GNR having learnt lessons from last year and getting bag on the bus early and getting in the right pen and going to the loo against every tree possible prior to the start. Enjoyed getting water from Dame Tanni......seeing a few celebs and getting wet at the end. Emotional seeing the Red Arrows No4 lady too.Date of review: September 20, 2011
In short: PB for me so happy!!!!!In full: Thanks to Birmingham not the prettiest city but folk welcoming and a PB for me so very happy. Start not organized, no announcements, was there a sound system? Narrow at the start caused a few problems. Thanks see you next year.Date of review: October 24, 2010
In short: Dull scener, tarmac, motorways, dual carriageways not very interesting......In full: Luggage buses were dire, some not full set off early........toilets dire........expensive for what you get really.........Date of review: September 22, 2010
In short: Atmospheric, awesome support and organized really well.In full: My third attempt to get to the start line and really enjoyed the whole day.Crowds were brilliant from the start. Fellow runners restored my faith in mankinds ability to show care and consideration to one another. The race is well organized, the RW pacers were brilliant. The guys and gals in fancy dress were awesome too and enjoyed meeting and chatting to the catterpillar team, Darth Vader, the Hulk and a guy in yellow speedos who got the ladies cheering from the start. Let me come back please. Super six training would be nice but having Liz Yelling on the Hashettes sub four thirty thread this year giving advice has been great so a big thanks to her.Date of review: April 28, 2010
Visit the official Runner's World page
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text:
LINGUIST List 19.1495
Tue May 06 2008
Jobs: Computational Linguistics: Team Lead, Zi Corporation
Editor for this issue: Luiza Newlin Lukowicz <luiza
The LINGUIST List strongly encourages employers to use non-discriminatory standards in hiring policy. In particular we urge that employers do not discriminate on the grounds of race, ethnicity, nationality, age, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. However, we have no means of enforcing these standards.
Job seekers should pay special attention to language in ads regarding employment requirements and are encouraged to consult our international employment page at http://linguistlist.org/jobs/jobnet.html. This page has been set up so that people can report on the employment standards of various countries.
To post to LINGUIST, use our convenient web form at
1. Cassandra Gorski,
Computational Linguistics: Team Lead, Zi Corporation, Telecommute
Message 1: Computational Linguistics: Team Lead, Zi Corporation, Telecommute
Cassandra Gorski <cgorski
Computational Linguistics: Team Lead, Zi Corporation, Telecommute
E-mail this message to a friend
University or Organization: Zi Corporation
Department: Linguistics
Job Location: California, USA (Telecommute)
Web Address:
Job Rank: Team Lead
Specialty Areas: Computational Linguistics
Zi Corporation is a technology company that delivers intelligent interface
solutions to enhance the user experience of wireless and consumer
technologies. Zi's product portfolio dramatically improves the usability of
mobile phones, PDA's, gaming devices and set-top boxes and the applications
on them. Zi supports their strategic partners and customers from offices in
Asia, Europe and North America. A publicly traded company, Zi Corporation
is listed on the Nasdaq National Market (ZICA) and the Toronto Stock
Exchange (ZIC). For more information please visit our website.
Linguistics Team Leader
Reporting to the Director - Predictive Text, this position involves the
professional application of skills and knowledge to both direct the work of
colleagues and act as an individual contributor to develop information
structures and formal algorithms for language processing. A location for
this position has not yet been determined as it is flexible.
Key Responsibilities Include:
- Provide guidance and direction for the linguistics team to meet a dynamic
delivery schedule
- Provide accurate and realistic estimates for budget and schedule
- Plan and allocate resources for existing and new projects
- Formalize, review and document linguistic practices and processes to
ensure traceability and quality
- Fulfill internal and external information and/or product requests
- Define and work with language characteristics and behavior across the
full spectrum of language types in order to guide the development of
language databases and software which processes written and spoken text
- Participate in further developing the intelligence of and applications of
the linguistic databases
Skills and Qualifications:
- Minimum Masters Degree in Linguistics (PhD is preferred)
- Strong interpersonal and leadership skills
- Supervisory experience in an academic or professional setting
- Demonstrated research and professional experience in Corpus Linguistics,
Computational Linguistics and Lexicography, with published articles in any
of these fields
- Strong background in theoretical linguistics
- Documentation and business communication skills in English
- Demonstrated research / professional experience with languages of varied
families; a specialty in Indic or African languages would be advantageous
- Exposure to non-Latin writing systems such as Arabic and CJK languages
- Strong computer skills (especially Microsoft, Access and Excel)
- Exposure to project management concepts
The Zi culture is constantly evolving, highly entrepreneurial and
multi-cultural. We offer our employees the freedom to grow their skills. We
invest in our employees; we promote from within, and we provide competitive
We invite all interested candidates to submit their resume to our head office.
Application Deadline: Open until filled.
Mailing Address for Applications:
Zi Corporation Human Resources
Suite 2100, 840 – 7 Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta T2P 3G2
Email Address for Applications: employment
Contact Information:
HR Manager Cassandra Gorski
Email: cgorski
Fax: (403) 233-8878
Read more issues
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on its pages, it cannot vouch for their contents.


text:
This program prepares students for employment or advanced
training in a variety of pipe occupations by focusing on broad,
transferable skills, and stressing the understanding of all aspects of
the pipe trade industry. The program demonstrates elements such
as planning, management, finance, technical and production skills,
the underlying principles of technology, as well as, labor, health,
safety, and environmental issues.
Basic entry-level skills in math, reading, and language must be attained in order to complete this program. Students wishing to enter this program of study should be advised by the instructor or program manager prior to enrollment in these courses.
*If applicable, any documents related to this program of study can be found listed under the Documents section on this web page.
*We strongly encourage you to contact the Pensacola State Engineering Tech Programs Department for assistance in planning your program of study.
Course Search
Use our College Course Search to find course descriptions and course term availability.
Use our College Course Search to find course descriptions and course term availability.


text:
In Years Past
100 Years Ago
In 1913, Ray F. Pickard, justice of the peace of Jamestown, was elected by the district attorney department to issue the warrants in the cases against the former employees of the Jamestown Street Railway Company and Chautauqua Traction Company, who were accused of damaging the property of these corporations. Justice Pickard spent all the afternoon signing the various papers necessary for these proceedings. He spent the entire evening, or more properly speaking, the better part of the night, at the police court receiving bail for various persons under arrest. Bail was fixed at $1,000 in spite of the protest of Attorney Frank Mott who thought $500 bail ought to be enough.
News had been received in Jamestown of the death of Thomas Tansley of Levant in the Soldiers' Home at Dayton, Ohio, Thursday. He was aged 70 years and was a veteran of the Civil War, having enlisted at Batavia in Co. K, 12th New York infantry, Sept. 6, 1862. He resided at Levant and conducted a blacksmith shop there for many years. His wife died several years ago and his only son was killed by a trolley car near Dunkirk three years previously. He was survived by a daughter, Mrs. Edwin Fox of Levant. He was a member of the Falconer tent of the Maccabees and of James M. Brown Post, Grand Army of the Republic.
75 Years Ago
In 1938, Jamestown police were at work probing the disappearance of $950 in cash from the office safe of Lang's Bakery, Inc. at 2226 Washington St., sometime over the weekend. It was believed that whoever stole the money also took eight cases of beer from the warehouse of the Hollywood Beverage Company, located in the same building. Police were handicapped in their investigation by the fact that the alleged burglaries were not reported until many hours after they were discovered. Ruth Greim, bookkeeper at the bakery, claimed she discovered that the money was missing when she arrived at the place at 8 a.m. the previous day. The safe was closed and locked but when it was opened, the money was not there.
With applications still pouring in, according to word received by Arthur R. Goranson, 3,000 students would attend the state music finals under the auspices of the New York State School Music Association in Jamestown the following weekend. These students would form at least 40 bands and orchestras. More applications were expected as a result of sectional contests held last weekend. The estimated attendance of 3,000 was exclusive of all directors and visitors who would be here during the huge affair. The gathering was expected to be the largest in this city in several years.
50 Years Ago
In 1963, for the first time in its history, Jamestown was building a public boat launching ramp at the southern end of Jamestown's municipal dock at the boatlanding. This would permit the free launching and free drydocking of small craft in the outboard motor class which were transported via trailer. The project was developed by Chautauqua Lake Region, Inc. and the Jamestown Area Chamber of Commerce to meet demands for a launching facility in Jamestown.
Cigarette ashes on an upholstered seat were blamed for a fire at 11:45 p.m. the previous evening which damaged a car and a garage in Portville. John Weakland was listed as the owner of the car and the building, valued at a total of $4,500. The fire destroyed 75 percent of the car and 20 percent of the building, Sheriff Morgan L. Sigel reported.
25 Years Ago
In 1988, Chautauqua Lake area businesses were expected to experience an increase in activities over the spring and early summer as a result of the "Crappiethon U.S.A." fishing tournament that began Saturday, April 30, and would continue through June 28. Area bait sales locations appeared to be the major beneficiaries from the opening weekend, according to a random sampling of fishing-associated operations. Arthur Carlson of Carlson's Boat Livery in Celoron said of the activities there Saturday, "We had the best day I guess we've had in five years."
Lincoln should remain the neighborhood elementary school for the west side of Jamestown. If the school board's decision on district reorganization fell where it was headed, Lincoln would be one of six kindergarten through fourth grade elementary schools in the city. Persell Elementary, meanwhile, would be converted to a middle school for fifth through eighth-graders. The option was discussed at the Jamestown School Board meeting the previous evening. About 20 residents attended.


text:
Testimony on Energy and Environment
October 28, 2009
October 28, 2009 | Testimony on Energy and Environment
Testimony before the
Environment and Public Works Committee,
United States Senate
October 28, 2009
My name is Dr. James Jay Carafano. I am the Deputy Director of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies and the Director of Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. The views I express in this testimony are my own, and should not be construed as representing any official position of The Heritage Foundation.
Thank you for the opportunity to appear before the committee today and address this vital subject. As President Barack Obama rightly noted in one of his first directives, his "highest priority is to keep the American people safe."[1] He is right. The preamble of the U.S. Constitution states "providing for the common defense" is among the greatest obligations of government. It is, therefore, judicious and appropriate for the committee to consider the national security implications of major legislation that could well affect our freedoms, safety, and prosperity.
The Clean Energy Jobs and America Power Act (S. 1733) has engendered tremendous controversy. Concerns abound about the legislation's adverse economic consequences, and there is skepticism of its effects on world climate trends. I will focus my analysis and observations on the national security implications of attempting to address climate change through a framework established by national legislation.
The premise behind the proposed legislation is that the United States must create a government-run program to reduce the emission of "greenhouse gases," including carbon dioxide (CO2). The bill would establish a complex energy tax scheme to penalize businesses and industries that emit these gases. Proponents of the legislation have argued that passage is essential to advance U.S. national security. Without the law, proponents argue, adverse climate changes will cause nations to fail, natural disasters will yield unprecedented humanitarian crises, and states will chronically go to combat over the remaining resources. Likewise, they conclude that the legislation will break an "addiction to foreign oil[that] hurts our economy, helps our enemies and risks our security."[2] I disagree with both conclusions.
I conclude that U.S. long-term national security would not be best addressed through legislation that attempts to regulate carbon emissions. This assessment is based on my experience as a serving military officer of 25 years, much of which revolved around strategy and policy planning; a complementary career as a military historian particularly interested in the relationship between armed forces and society and the intersection of military affairs, scientific, business, cultural, and economic history; and as a professor in post-graduate studies whose research and lectures focus on the methods of analysis used to address complex and intractable public policy and national security issues.
In my remarks today I would like to do three things: 1) address each of the arguments for linking global warming and long-term U.S. security interests; 2) discuss what I think should rightly be the focus of analyzing the proposed legislation--the short-term security concerns that I believe might arise if the bill becomes law; and 3) suggest some efficacious options for addressing global warming and energy supply Issues in the context of national security.
The March of Folly--Simple Answer to Complex Problems
At the root of my concerns over the proposed legislation is that it frames the challenge of global climate change, governance, political violence, and worldwide energy supplies as a single problem susceptible to resolution by management of a single independent variable. Public policy analysis suggests that cannot be correct.
Global environment, governance, and resources constitute a vast, complex system. A system is "any set of regularly interacting factors and activities that has definable boundaries and that produces measurable outputs."[3] The complexity of a system is determined by the number and diversity of interacting components. When systems become overly complex, their behavior cannot be easily predicted by traditional methods of analysis (breaking a system into its component parts and analyzing elements in detail).[4] These systems are described as complex "non-linear." Non-linear environments make it extremely difficult to map the cause and effect between variables. Indeed, in such environments isolating independent variables (a single factor that can be manipulated that will drive the behavior of the whole system) may be impossible. In a complex system, elements are so interconnected and their relationship so multifaceted that their properties cannot be properly understood without assessing their interrelationship with each other as well as their relationship with the wider system and its environment.[5] Offering simple answers to complex problems will not work.[6] This is certainly the case in attempting to understand the relationship between global warming and national security.
While it might feel intuitively appropriate to directly connect the dots between the changing global environment and the human response to global warming, an appropriate complex system analysis would warn against such an approach. The issue of just predicting long-term global climate trends is fraught with controversy and uncertainty. Layering social science models upon our current state-of-the-art climate models to predict complex human responses (including how markets, governments, and communities will respond to anything) is little more than an act of making highly subjective assessments.
Fighting Air--Climate Change and Choice
Attempting to address national security in the context of climate challenge is problematic. The folly of simplicity is perhaps best illustrated in Jared Diamond's highly regarded study Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed(2005). Diamond lists a daunting 12 factors that historically contributed to the collapse of a society--and these are only the factors directly controlled by humans.[7] It is worth noting that Diamond is able to detail how this myriad of forces and choices interacted with one another only through the hindsight gained through hundreds of years of historical and archeological research. Collapse illustrates the immense difficulty of mapping cause and effect in complex human-environment systems. Additionally, the ability to apply any lessons to the future is complicated by the fact that both human institutions and the natural environment are continually changing and changing each other. His work should, in fact, be seen as a cautionary tale against relying on predictive social science models to interpret complex systems behavior.[8]
history is in fact littered with case studies that suggest straight-line mapping of human-environment interaction is problematic. Since the 1950s, for example, historians have been debating the "seventeenth century crisis" in history as a particularly difficult age.[9] A drop of global temperature, known as the "little Ice-Age" was one of many factors that researchers have cited to account for the political, economic, and military upheaval of the period. Decades of debate, however, have achieved no consensus on cause-and-effect relationships. For example, while the period did see more wars and an increase in human mortality, this age also accounts for the emergence of political stability, scientific discovery and innovation, and the rise of economic productivity in future great powers like Britain and France. If anything, the process of constructing a compelling paradigm has left scholars skeptical of "social-scientific" explanations of history, yet alone suggested any confidence in predicting the future.[10] Anticipating with certainty how climate change will affect human progress is a march of folly.
Indeed, there are many variables other than climate that affect how humans respond to climate change and, in turn, change their behaviors to try to impact climate change and its consequences. For example, while the emission of greenhouse gases has been skyrocketing across the globe in the last decades, political violence has been in decline. This case has been made by at least two independent academic assessments.[11] In the short term, many factors impact on the capacity of humans to govern themselves. On the global scale, human responses rather than long-term environmental trends prove the most dominant.
In short, viewing climate change and national security together as a single complex model makes little sense. The global climate has always been changing. Adapting to these changes and human efforts to manage their surrounding environment is a permanent feature of human competition. The environment does not cause wars--it is how humans respond to their environment that causes conflicts.
Climate change does not necessarily ensure that there will be more or less conflict. For example, as the Arctic ice melts and the environment becomes more benign, Arctic waters will become more available for fishing, mineral and energy exploitation, and maritime transport. Nations will compete over these resources, but it is how they choose to compete--not the change in the weather--that will determine whether war breaks out.
Furthermore, any changes in the climate, for better or for worse, will occur gradually over decades. Thus, there will be ample time to adjust national security and humanitarian assistance instruments to accommodate future demands. Those adjustments can and should be made with the most appropriate instruments, which might comprise any or all of the elements of national power including diplomatic, economic, political, and informational tools as well as the armed forces.
Supplanting Marketing--Energy Security's Trojan Horse
The Clean Energy Jobs and America Power Act also purports to address U.S. national security by addressing concerns over energy security. Proponents claim that government manipulation of energy markets will reduce U.S. dependence on foreign energy sources and correspondingly increase American security. This logic is also flawed from the start. Global energy markets are complex systems as well. It would therefore be equally prudent to be skeptical of simple cause-and-effect plans.
history is again instructive. In response to the "energy crisis" during the 1970s, the U.S. government took a plethora of actions, implementing a proactive policy to address energy supplies, particularly oil. There were numerous pieces of new legislation, implemented by an alphabet soup of overlapping federal agencies, as well as a host of actions undertaken directly by a succession of presidents. The level of government interference with the nation's energy markets was unprecedented, and these efforts had impacts that usually ranged from ineffective to downright counterproductive.
At almost every turn, Washington took an already challenging energy situation and made it worse through its own policy blunders. The federal government's newly created maze of economic and environmental regulations and the agencies implementing them greatly hampered domestic energy supplies and limited the ability to respond to events. In retrospect, government policies contributed to the harm at least as much as any foreign entity. The errors of the 1970s should serve as a cautionary tale as America again faces similar challenges.[12]
Likewise, today legislators should be wary of the desire to impose simple solutions on complex systems and expect the results to be both readily anticipated and inevitably constructive. Even if U.S. energy policies could drive global energy markets in any direction Americans chose (a big "if"), that impact would likely have both positive and negative affects on U.S. Security. For example, although the U.S. is heavily dependant on foreign energy, much of it comes from Mexico and Canada, nations friendly to America and among our largest trading partners. In the short term, one of the most significant impacts of the long-term declining reliance on carbon fuels would be a significant loss to their economies--perhaps a destabilizing one. On the other hand, policies that in the short term might drive up the price of oil would put more money in the hands of countries like Venezuela and Russia, whose foreign policies often clash with the United States. Likewise, adding new transaction costs on energy supplies that increase costs may also unduly weaken the U.S. economy. Simply supplanting market forces is unlikely to prove a panacea for improving U.S. security. The U.S. cannot be confident that by imposing new controls on U.S. energy production and consumption America will become axiomatically less dependent on foreign energy sources.
Simple Answers--Danger Zone for Complex Problems
Indeed, whether the case is trying to link global energy supplies or global temperature to American security, using analysis that suggests employing a single process to guide changes to complex systems might not only be wrong, but could be detrimental--the equivalent of the cure being worse than the disease.
The deleterious effect of using simple mandates to manage complex systems is best illustrated through an examination of the adoption of the Program-Planning Budget System (PPBS) by the Pentagon in 1960s. The premise of PPBS was that linking analysis, planning, strategic decision-making, and the day-to-day management of defense activities into a unified process would make the allocation of resources more rational, relevant, and effective. It failed to achieve that goal. Simply controlling the "machinery" of Pentagon decision-making did not actually allow the Secretary of Defense to produce optimum results, particularly in regards to fighting the Vietnam War. While it empowered Defense Secretary Robert McNamara to impose his "will" upon the decision-making process inside the Pentagon, "planning proved to be an impediment to effective strategic thinking and action, whether one favored hawkish military strategies or dovish political ones...the problem was not that PPBS tried to dictate these choices directly so much as that, by virtue of how it necessarily worked--what planning excluded as well as included--it influenced strongly how others made those choices."[13] In the end, prescriptive policies just implemented bad decisions faster.
The challenge of dealing with global warming through legislative fiat risks a similar fate. By overly structuring the response to complex system problems, the Congress will have an uncertain impact on the system--there is little question, however, that Congress will have a dramatic impact on those elements of the system to which cause and effect can be readily linked. Thus, Congress would be wise to limit analysis and debate over the costs and benefits of the Clean Energy Jobs and America Power Act to factors where cause and effect can be more clearly mapped.
The Real Issues for the Energy Act
While the long-term impacts of climate change on national security can be debated, the short-term impact of legislation to curb emissions is more readily apparent. A study by The Heritage Foundation's Center for Data Analysis on a similar companion bill proposed in the House finds that the law would make the United States about $9.4 trillion poorer by 2035. Much of this decline would be from reduced economic productivity and job loss. In particular, under the House legislation there would be 1.15 million fewer jobs on average than without a cap-and-trade bill.[14] Other economic concerns include rising deficits and continued devaluing of the dollar.
A sharp decline in economic productivity would like have a deleterious impact on U.S. security. For example, a collapse in U.S. economic growth would result in even more draconian cuts to the defense budget, leaving America with a military much less prepared to deal with future threats. Indeed, if America's military power declines, there would probably be more wars, not fewer. Likewise, a steep drop in American economic growth would lengthen and deepen the global recession. That in turn will make other states poorer, undermining their ability to protect themselves and recover from natural disasters.
A consequence of passage of this legislation is that it may well create the world we want to avoid. The law would ensure a steep decline in U.S. economic competitiveness and military preparedness. The consequences of a weak America would inevitably lead to a string of national security crises and an undermining of the nation's capacity to deal with natural disasters here and abroad. It would seem in examining the national security implications of climate change, scrutinizing the short-term impact of the legislation would be much more important to address.
Likewise, proponents of the bill must also speak to concerns that any law will not impact global warming in any significant manner. According to climatologist Chip Knappenberger, similar legislation proposed in the House would moderate temperatures by only hundredths of a degree after being in effect for the next 40 years and no more than two-tenths of a degree at the end of the century.[15] EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson concurred, recently saying, "US action alone will not impact world CO2 levels."[16] Additionally, the impact of "managing" greenhouse gases on the environment also remains a subject of great controversy. For example, as Senator Inhofe noted in a floor speech, S. Fred Singer, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Virginia, who served as the first director of the U.S. Weather Satellite Service and more recently as a member and vice chairman of the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere, said that "no one knows what constitutes a 'dangerous' concentration. There exists, as yet, no scientific basis for defining such a concentration, or even of knowing whether it is more or less than current levels of carbon dioxide."[17] In short, if these concerns are valid, the legislation argues for taking on significant short-term risks to the U.S. economy and our security for uncertain gains in environmental quality.
Other Options
I am not suggesting that the United States "do nothing" to protect its national security, ensure abundant supplies of energy, and contribute in a meaningful manner to the stewardship of the global environment. What I am saying is that if we must act with deliberation and speed, we should act where we can act with greater confidence in our outcomes. In this respect, there are options for enhancing national security, improving our ability to adapt to global climate change, and enhancing the dependability and availability of clean energy that the Congress should consider. These would include:
A Better World
Both the advocates and critics of the Clean Energy Jobs and America Power Act share common goals. They want a world where the U.S. remains safe, free, and prosperous. They want a future where the U.S. is a worldwide leader in the stewardship of the global environment, the advancement of freedom and justice, and sustainable growth. My testimony today is intended to help bridge the gap between them--not by rejecting the notion that the U.S. should deal responsibly with the challenges of global climate change, but by suggesting there are real limits to knowing how we can shape the future--and we should focus our initiatives on what we can know.
Thank you for the opportunity to address these vital issues. I look forward to your questions.
Show references in this report
[1] The White House, Presidential Study Directive 1, February 23, 2009, p. 1, at http://www.hsdl.org/hslog/?q=node/4718 (April 10, 2009).
United States Senate, "Kerry, Boxer Introduce Clean Energy Jobs
and American Power Act," press release, September 20, 2009, at
/pressrelease.pdf (October 25, 2009).
Richard L. Kugler, Policy Analysis in National Security Affairs:
New Methods for a New Era (
L.A.N. Amaral and J.M. Ottino, "Complex Networks: Augmenting the
Framework for the Study of Complex Systems," The European
Physical Journal, May 14, 2004, at http://amaral.northwestern.edu/Publications/Papers/
Amaral-2004-Eur.Phys.J.B-38-147.pdf (April 13, 2009).
Yaneer Bar-Yam, "Multiscale Representation Phase I," New England
Complex Systems Institute, August 1, 2001, at http://www.necsi.edu
/projects/yaneer/SSG_NECSI_1_CROP.pdf (April 13, 2009).
James Jay Carafano and Richard Weitz, "Complex Systems Analysis:A
Necessary Tool for Homeland Security," Heritage Foundation
Backgrounder No. 2261, April 16, 2009,, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/HomelandSecurity
[7] Ralph Doty, "Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed," Human Ecology Review, Vol. 12, No. 1 (2005), p. 76-77.
[8]Scott E. Page, "Are We Collapsing? A Review of Jared Diamond's Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed," Journal of Economic Literature,December 2005, p. 1050.
[9] See
Eric Hobsbawm, "The General Crisis of the European
[10] J.B.Shank, "Crisis: A Useful Category of Post-Social Scientific Historical Analysis?" The American Historical Review, Vol. 113, No. 4 (October 2008), pp. 1090-1099.
J. Joseph, et al., Peace and Conflict 2010 (Boulder, CO:
Paradigm Publishers and the Center for International Development
and Conflict Management, 2009), p. 1, at http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/pc/executive
_summary/exec_sum_2010.pdf (October 25, 2010); Human Security Project Research Group, "Human Security Brief 2007," 2008, at /static/reportimages/A007D3CC0BF6994E212DF3761BBBF16D.pdf (October 25, 2009).
See Ben Lieberman, "Crisis! What Crisis?: America's Response to the
Energy Crisis," in James Jay Carafano and Richard Weitz, eds.
Mismanaging Mayhem: How
[13] Henry Mintzberg, The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning (New York: Prentice Hall, 1994), pp. 120-121.
[14] William W. Beach, David Kreutzer, Karen Campbell, and Ben Lieberman, "Son of Waxman-Markey: More Politics Makes for a More Costly Bill, "Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 2450, May 18, 2009, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm2450.cfm.
[15] Chip Knappenberger, "Climate Impacts of Waxman-Markey (the IPCC-Based Arithmetic of No Gain),"MasterResource, May 6, 2009, at http://masterresource.org/?p=2355 (August 3, 2009).
Press Release, "Jackson Confirms
23ad-4570-3399477b1393 (August 3, 2009).
Senator James M. Inhofe (R-OK), "The Science of Climate Change,
"Senate floor statement, July 28, 2003, at http://inhofe.senate.gov
/pressreleases/climate.htm (August 3, 2009).
James Jay Carafano, Baker Spring, and Mackenzie Eaglen, "Providing
for the Common
[19] Ibid.
[20] Stuart M. Butler and Kim R. Holmes, "Twelve Principles to Guide U.S. Energy Policy," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2046, June 26, 2007, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/bg2046.cfm (October 25, 2009).
[21] Helle C. Dale and James M. Roberts, "State Department Strategy Review Flawed from Start," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 2659,October 20, 2009, http://www.heritage.org/Research/ForeignAid/wm2659.cfm (October 25, 2009).
[22] Ibid.
[23] Ray Walser, "Meeting Energy Challenges in the Western Hemisphere," Heritage Foundation Heritage Lecture No. 1079, Delivered March 11, 2008, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/LatinAmerica/hl1079.cfm.
Daniella Markheim, "Climate Policy: Free


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Article III, Section 20 of the Idaho Constitution prohibits gambling with three exceptions: the state lottery, pari-mutuel betting, and charitable bingo and raffles. Each must conform with enabling legislation.
A raffle is defined as "a game in which the prize is won by random drawing of the name or number of one (1) or more persons purchasing chances." Only charitable organizations as defined in Idaho Code 67, Title 77 may conduct raffles that fall within the definition of gambling where there is prize, chance, and consideration. Consideration is anything of value, whether charged directly or indirectly, that is risked for a chance to win a prize.
However, not all prize drawings, promotional or otherwise, constitute gambling.
In fact, any entity (person, private retail business, private group, etc.) may conduct a prize drawing, promotional or otherwise, as long as there is no consideration paid, either directly or indirectly, in order to obtain a chance at winning the prize.
An example of this would be if a group is holding a fund raising dinner and with your dinner you also receive a ticket or entry into a drawing. This is permissible as long as anyone can obtain a ticket or entry into this drawing without having to purchase a dinner or any other item. The language "No Purchase Necessary to Enter" must be clearly placed on all communication related to the drawing, including the ticket.
In summary, ANY ENTITY may hold a drawing as long as anyone can request and receive an entry or ticket into the drawing without making a direct or indirect purchase of any kind.
Further, and separately, the Idaho Constitution, Article III, Section 20, subsection (4), and Idaho Code § 18-3801(4) does allow for merchant promotions as follows:
(4) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following are not gambling and are not prohibited by this section:
a. Merchant promotional contests and drawings conducted incidentally to bona fide nongaming business operations, if prizes are awarded without consideration being charged to participants.
An example of this is where a business selling something for profit offers promotional contests or drawings for chances to win prizes at no cost and with no purchase required of any product or goods. An example would be McDonald's® Monopoly® game.
Bingo expenses cannot exceed 18% of gross revenue. A minimum of 20% of the gross revenue must be used for charitable purposes per Idaho Code 67-7709.
Not less than 80% of net raffle proceeds (net raffle proceeds equals total raffle sales less cost of prizes, except in the case of inanimate toy races) must be used for charitable or non-profit purposes per Idaho Code 67-7709.
Must be at least 18 to buy, sell or redeem Lottery tickets. Benefiting Idaho Public Schools and the Permanent Building Fund. PLEASE PLAY RESPONSIBLY.
Privacy Policy Terms & Conditions Copyright © 2009-2011, Idaho Lottery. All Rights Reserved.


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $1.96 (41% off)
Mesa Harina Review (Non GMO).
Posted by Reviewer2023013 on Dec 25, 2013
Take this review seriously. Two things: First and most important is the manufacture of this product stated to me that the ingredients are non GMO. The leading brand of this product that is in most every market is almost guaranteed to be made with GMO corn. GMO products will degrade your health, guaranteed. The other thing is this product tastes as good as or better than the leading brand. I have since re-ordered it.
Makes very good tortillas
Posted by vegangry on Oct 20, 2013
The whole family loves the tortillas made with this flour. I think the clue is to make the tortillas very thin. I use the receipt on the package. I have tried other corn flour to make tortillas, but they did not turn out as good as the ones made with this flour.
Great for tortillas
Posted by 5598399106105531991 on Nov 21, 2014
The best tortilla flour. I followed the recipe on the back and they came out great. Love it.
Great masa
Posted by 4677902882042607339 on May 07, 2015
Excellent for tasty tortillas. Just follow the recipe on the back. :)
decent tortillas
Posted by Reviewer3122723 on Dec 12, 2011
I made tortiilas using this mix and followed the instructions on the label. They had an ackward taste maybe due no gluten in the mix. Im used to using maseca, but this mix is not to bad. I will make some gorditas in the next few days.
Posted by Reviewer2557469 on Jul 01, 2013
I use this is in a gluten free all-purpose blend. Works great. I have not used it for any other recipe.
Great masa harina
Posted by 4833188375133186782 on Feb 14, 2014
Fabulous tasting cornflour for making tortillas at home - highly recommended
corn aroma
Posted by kanaca on Nov 07, 2013
Tasty all-natural option for Masa Harina. I use it in muffins made with Bob's GF polenta I've soaked in lime and cooked. The smell is so corn-nutty. Thanks Bob's!
excellent product
Posted by 5702615038509124220 on Dec 05, 2013
Just like the stuff I used when I lived in Mexico.
Superfast shipping and great product
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Our caring team is delighted to introduce our "Imagine the Smiles" Program, an initiative designed to recognize, honor and celebrate members of our local communities, across the nation, who are deserving of a smile.
Know someone in your community who deserves a smile?
Nominate them today!
Mary Keaney is a busy volunteer who tirelessly donates her time to her church and local nursing homes, and is also the treasurer of the Greenbriar Association. She was nominated to be recognized as part of the 1-800-Flowers.com Imagine the Smiles program by Mary Thompson, who described her as a "one-of-a- kind woman," deserving of a smile. Florist Tom Addalia from 1-800-Flowers was delighted to deliver a beautiful Fruit Bouquet to celebrate Mary for everything she does for her community. Congratulations Mary!
I would like to nominate my friend Keri McDermott. It's been a month since the unexpected loss of Max, her first newborn, due to complications. Keri is the most kind hearted person I know, she puts her feelings aside and is constantly battling the "why?" Putting a smile on her face would be a blessing to get her back on her feet with a constant reminder that her friends and family want her to live again!
Sixteen years ago, Connie was informed of a condition that would cause her infant son to need open heart surgery immediately following delivery. Four short days after giving birth to her son Colby, Dr. Becker performed a life-saving open heart surgery on He is now a vibrant, happy teenager.
My mom is my hero. She continues to be diplomatic and strong even through trying times. She was taken to the hospital on April 18th and after 10 days she was transferred to rehabilitation where she stayed for two months. Therapy has been hard for her. She has recently moved into a retirement facility and is hoping to be transferred to assisted living soon. I'd love for her to be the recipient of your beautiful flowers. Thank you for brightening up the day for so many people!
In their roles at the Head Injury Association Shirley, Kristin and Linda hold the great responsibility of working with survivors to overcome everyday obstacles. To thank them for their time, effort and creative thinking putting a new program into place, they were surprised with beautiful arrangements from 1-800-Flowers.com. They are excellent role model for the staff, and the Head Injury Association is very fortunate to have them on their team.
My friend Anna just lost her sister in a tragic series of events. She could use a smile for sure as today is the funeral. Anna will also become the primary care provider for her sister's 4 year old daughter. Everyday will be special with her niece. Raising another's child is no easy task, especially under these circumstances; however, there was never a second thought of taking in her niece.
The team at Arizona Florist and 1-800-Flowers.com had a blast presenting Beth McDonald at 99.9 KEZ with the their Imagine a Smile arrangement for all the great work she does at the radio station.
My friend Susan has been struggling with cancer for years now. Her mother and father died of cancer, and she has been an inspiration in my life. She is a fighter, she gets rid of one spot and it moves to another spot, but she never complains, she never gives up and she is always smiling..
Deanna has worked alongside the Executive Director of Harbor Child Care for nearly a decade, supporting over 800 families across Long Island, NY to provide high-quality childcare and a premier early childhood learning experience. She is an invaluable addition to Harbor who is admired by staff, board members and families alike.
My friend Susan has been struggling with cancer for years now. Her mother and father died of cancer, and she has been an inspiration in my life. She is a fighter, she gets rid of one spot and it moves to another spot, but she never complains, she never gives up and she is always smiling.
In honor of National Nurse's week, nurse Erika C. was nominated as an everyday hero by her husband, Chris. "My wife Erika deserves a smile because she is a nurse in the ER of a local children's hospital. She works tirelessly taking care of her young patients without complaint - not to mention she's pregnant with our first baby! She is amazing and I love her!"
I would like to nominate my mom Shauna H. My mom has always been the hardest working woman I have ever known. Never taking a handout, my mom has worked her butt off for everything she has. Earlier this year my dad (her husband) passed away due to heart failure. With both my brother and I in the military it has left her all alone as we all live in different states. Despite everything, she still holds a smile on her face and helps out anyone she can whenever she gets the chance, never expecting anything in return. She is dealing with a lot right now, still grieving the loss of my dad, but through it all she has been there to comfort us and offer her great words of wisdom and advice. My mom never looks at a glass half empty, she ALWAYS tries to find the best in every situation. I wish I could give my mom the moon and the stars but that wouldn't even be enough to express how much she is appreciated and how much she is loved by everyone who knows her. She has always been, and always will be, my hero!
I would like to nominate my best friend of over 35 years, Gina M. She is currently the caretaker for her 92 year old father, who is ill, and has been doing so for the past few years. She has some difficult days and this week has been more so. She deserves a smile! Thank you!
I would like to nominate someone who I haven't seen in 30 years. Her name is Shelly-Sarin S. We went to high school together on Bainbridge Island. We started planning our 30 year class reunion two years ago and re-connected. We talk on the phone constantly but have yet to have our girls day that we keep talking about. Shelly lost her job (which she desperately needs), just this last Tuesday. She needs a hug and because I can't be there to do that, a gift of flowers would certainly brighten her day and let her know how much I appreciate her friendship and cannot wait for our girls day.
I want to nominate my sister Jeanne S. She owns an ice cream franchise in Virginia Beach and, as all small businesses are today, she is struggling. Still she takes the time to get involved with supplying ice cream to the local ball parks for their games and to community organizations for their fund raising efforts. She is a true community hero in my eyes and many others.
I would like to nominate Brian F. In 2008, Bernie's Book Bank Founder and Executive Director Brian Floriani left his job as a golf professional to become a reading paraprofessional for Shiloh Park Elementary in Zion, Illinois. The sudden death of his father, Dr. Bernard P. Floriani for whom Bernie's Book Bank is named, inspired him to do something different with his life. Brian spent every day working with struggling readers. While he was able to help each one individually, he realized that his efforts were not doing anything to prepare young readers to enter school. After learning that only 24 percent of incoming six-year-old children in Waukegan, Illinois interacted with books, Brian began to envision a business that would pour children's books into at-risk homes, and help prepare children to enter school "reading ready." He began collecting children's books in his garage and distributed them in age-appropriate bags to children at Shiloh Park Elementary and thus, Bernie's Book Bank was born. Today, Brian is confident that Bernie's Book Bank can and will transform the educational journeys of at-risk children throughout America. He is thankful for every person who has helped us connect children needing books with books needing children. Brian and Bernies Book Bank deserve all the smiles they can get for providing so many themselves.
Eileen, my wife, deserves a smile. She's a hard-working wife & mother and sole provider for our family. She's devoted, attentive, and available both at home and at the office. No one knows how she pulls it off. Thanks honey!
I would like to nominate Jerre F. She works in the office of the Senior Citizen community I live in. This community is very close, more like a small town than an apartment complex. Jerre is delightful and loved by all. She comes into the morning coffee, greeting everyone with a smile and a hug. This is not to mention the unseen ways that she contributes. I've seen her donate to activities when our funds were low, buy food for people who needed it, help people arrange proper healthcare, and join in with those of us who live here on her off time. She is humble, funny and sweet. She does so much for the people who live here, that to us, she is an everyday hero who deserves a smile.


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The Körös Regional Archaeological Project (KRAP) is a multidisciplinary, collaborative, research project directed by William A. Parkinson of the Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, and Attila Gyucha of the Field Service of Cultural Heritage, Hungary. Richard W. Yerkes of the Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University is field director and co-director of the Körös Regional Archaeological Project Field School.The project brings together an international team of geophysists, geologists, geographers, botanists, and other specialists to undertand the various social changes that occurred in the Körös River Valley on the Great Hungarian Plain nearly 6,500 years ago, during the time when metals first began to be extensively exploited in the nearby Balkan and Carpathian mountains. This time period - the transition from the Neolithic to the Copper Age - is a time marked by significant social transformations in the organization of households and settlements throughout the Great Hungarian Plain. Unfortunately, our current anthropological understanding of these social changes has been clouded by a lack of research into settlements dating to these periods. Over the last decade, the Körös Regional Archaeological Project has been conducting systematic research into the organization of Neolithic and Copper Age settlements near the town of Vésztõ in southeastern Hungary. As a result of our research, the economic and political organization of these prehistoric societies gradually is being revealed, allowing us to understand the nature of the changes that characterize the end of the Neolithic in the region. This, in turn, allows us to model the dynamic social processes that occur within 'tribal' societies more generally.
Fieldwork: The 2014 field season is being held from June 1 to June 30. Research will continue at the tell site of Vésztő-Mágor.
Applications for the 2014 International Research Experiences for Students (IRES) funded program must be received by April 15, 2014. For more information, please visit: http://fieldmuseum.org/krap_ires.
For information on past seasons of the Körös Regional Archaeological Project and updates from the field, click here.
For geographic information systems (GIS) and field research, click here.
For a virtual tour of Szeghalom-Kovácshalom, click here.