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Debates of May 3rd, 2004
House of Commons Hansard #46 of the 37th Parliament, 3rd Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was aboriginal.
- Constitution Act
- Canada National Parks Act
- Criminal Code
- Genie Awards
- Fishing Industry
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Firearms Act
- National Forest Week
- The Environment
- European Union
- Pay Equity
- World Press Freedom Day
- Persons with Disabilities
- Stevie Cameron
- Health
- Foreign Affairs
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation
- World Press Freedom Day
- Science and Technology
- Transportation
- Health
- Government Contracts
- Health
- Government Contracts
- National Defence
- Air Canada
- Foundations
- Fisheries
- Infrastructure
- Taxation
- Technology Partnerships Canada
- Port Security
- Public Service
- Fisheries and Oceans
- Air Canada
- National Defence
- Shipbuilding
- Multiculturalism
- Health
- Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
- Justice
- Cinar
- Shipbuilding Industry
- Government Response to Petitions
- Petitions
- Questions on the Order Paper
- Criminal Code
- Fisheries Act
- Budget Implementation Act, 2004
Criminal Code
Government Orders
1:20 p.m.
Paul MacKlin Northumberland, ON
Mr. Speaker, it is my pleasure today to speak in support of Bill C-29, which is an act to amend the Criminal Code. It deals with the issue of mental disorder.
The current motion seeks to refer the bill to committee for review now. I am confident that all members should be able to support this motion.
As the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Justice indicated on April 28, Bill C-29 is to a great extent the product of a study conducted by the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights, as it was then known. That committee recommended improvements to the criminal law governing persons found unfit to stand trial, or not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder.
The committee review will likely focus on how Bill C-29 responds to the issues that were raised before that standing committee by the many witnesses that it heard. Bill C-29 responds to those issues and includes additional amendments to ensure an effective, efficient and fair regime. There are a few aspects of Bill C-29 that I would draw to the attention of hon. members.
First, in dealing with persons found unfit to stand trial, under the current law a person found unfit to stand trial cannot be absolutely discharged. The law governing mental disorder requires an individual assessment of an accused to ensure that both the needs of the accused for treatment and rehabilitation and the need of the public for public safety are taken into account. An unfit accused person cannot be absolutely discharged because there has been no opportunity for the Crown to establish that they have committed an offence. However, the unfit accused who does not pose a risk can be placed on a conditional disposition with minimal restrictions, if appropriate.
Many persons found unfit will become fit through treatment and once fit, will proceed to trial. Some others will not become fit for years, or perhaps they will never become fit, and cannot be tried. Our law already includes many safeguards for this group.
Bill C-29 will provide an additional safeguard to ensure that persons found unfit to stand trial who are likely to remain unfit and who do not pose a significant threat to the safety of the public can have their situation reviewed by the court. The court, and only the court, will have the authority to order a judicial stay of the proceedings for the unfit accused.
I want to assure hon. members who have voiced their concerns about public safety that the government shares their concerns about public safety. Bill C-29 has been very carefully drafted to protect public safety. A judicial stay of proceedings for an unfit accused will not be an option where the accused poses a threat to public safety.
The amendments include new provisions to ensure that an unfit accused who is not likely to ever become fit to stand trial, for example, a person who has an organic brain injury, and who does not pose a significant threat to the safety of the public may be brought to the court's attention.
A review board will be able to make a recommendation to the court to hold an inquiry into the status of the unfit accused where, in their opinion, and based on an assessment, the accused is not likely to ever be fit to stand trial and does not pose a significant threat to the safety of the public.
The court may hold an inquiry, hear from all parties, particularly the Crown, and determine whether a judicial stay of proceedings should be ordered in the interests of the proper administration of justice. The court will consider several factors in deciding whether to order a stay, including whether the Crown has had an opportunity to make its prima facie case against the accused, as it is required to do every two years. This is the current requirement in our law, that the Crown does establish that sufficient evidence can be brought forward to put the accused on trial.
The proposed amendments will address the situation of the permanently unfit accused who poses no risk and will permit the court to order a stay of proceedings. However, an unfit accused who poses a risk to safety cannot--I repeat cannot--be granted such a stay. Our law must ensure that the rights of the accused and the rights of the public to safety are balanced. The proposed amendments will do so.
Bill C-29 sets out a very detailed scheme to permit a judicial stay for an unfit accused. First, the review board, after holding one or more annual review hearings for an unfit accused, must come to the opinion that the unfit accused is not likely to become fit and that the unfit accused does not pose a significant threat to the safety of the public. The review board can order that the accused person's mental condition be assessed by a psychiatrist to assist the board in making this recommendation.
The review board then may make a recommendation to the court to hold a hearing to determine whether a judicial stay of proceedings is in the interest of the proper administration of justice. Where the court agrees to hold such a hearing, the hearing will provide opportunities to all parties to make their submissions. The Crown, who represents the public interest, could make submissions on the nature of the case against the accused, public safety and the mental condition of the accused. The accused and the treating hospital or physician could also make submissions.
I would also highlight that where the court agrees to hold a hearing, the court must order yet another assessment of the mental condition of the accused. This requirement will ensure the court has the most up to date information about the accused when determining, first, that the accused is not likely to become fit to stand trial, and second, that the accused does not pose a significant threat to the safety of the public.
Ultimately, the court must decide whether the judicial stay of proceedings is necessary in the interest of the proper administration of justice. Bill C-29 sets out several factors for the court to consider in this process, including the nature and the seriousness of the offence committed. This new provision will address the concern that some people could be caught up in the criminal justice system because they are mentally ill, although they pose no threat to public safety.
Our law cannot permit the potential indefinite detention of persons who have not been tried and convicted. Bill C-29 provides a carefully crafted approach to prevent this indefinite detention, but only for those who do not pose a significant threat to the safety of the public.
I have one final point regarding the new provision. Where the court orders a judicial stay of proceedings for an unfit accused, the Crown may appeal the order. However, there is no right of appeal for the accused where the court does not order a judicial stay. This is because this is a discretionary provision. It is not a process that the accused can initiate. The review board must make a recommendation to the court and the court will then consider the issue.
In conclusion, I hope that my comments have addressed any concerns hon. members may have. I have highlighted why this new provision is necessary. Bill C-29 includes many reforms, all designed to address the balance between protecting the rights of the accused persons who are mentally ill with the rights of the public to public safety. Clearly, we have struggled with this issue over time. There is no question that this has challenged us, the judiciary and our social services within this country to properly deal with issues of this nature. I know that many hon. members have struggled with this, both here in the House and also at committee, to try to find ways and means to meet the needs of those who are mentally ill and yet face the justice system.
Clearly, from the perspective of those who are caught in what is sometimes described as a revolving door problem, there has to be a way to assess their ability to recover from their illness, to go forward and to face the charges that have been brought to bear within the court system.
As far as I am concerned, the bill moves forward the process of being able to deal with those who are mentally ill and find themselves before our criminal courts. I hope that hon. members will find that, in going forward to the committee, the bill will receive proper and due consideration and will come forward to the House for passage so that we may solve this problem.
Criminal Code
Government Orders
1:30 p.m.
Sarmite Bulte Parkdale—High Park, ON
Mr. Speaker, it is my pleasure today to speak in support of Bill C-29 and to encourage all members of the House to support these reforms following the proposed review by the appropriate parliamentary committee. The need for these reforms are known to the hon. members who have participated in the review by the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights on the mental disorder provisions of the Criminal Code.
The criminal law governing persons found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder and those found unfit to stand trial is not well known and in fact, is often misunderstood. Some may think that a person who commits an offence and is found not criminally responsible gets away with the crime. Some may think that there are in fact no consequences. However the law governing persons found unfit and not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder does provide for consequences. Usually those include treatment and also supervision.
The Criminal Code contains a whole section, part XX.1, dedicated to mental disorder. This part includes the law and procedure governing persons found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder and now are found unfit for trial. Part XX.1 is complex and in parts is very technical. However this part of the Criminal Code provides a regime that fairly and effectively provides for the supervision and treatment of a mentally disordered accused and for the protection of public safety.
For victims of crime, the criminal law and the criminal justice system is confusing, complex and often quite unwelcoming. Where the accused is found unfit to stand trial or not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder, victims of crime face additional impediments to achieving a resolution of the offence. Victims of crime desire and deserve information about the justice system and about the case in which they are personally involved.
Law reforms coupled with changes in policies and expansion of services have given victims a greater role in criminal proceedings. For example, amendments to the Criminal Code back in 1988 introduced the notion of a victim impact statement as a mechanism for victims of crime to describe the harm and loss suffered because of the crime. Publication bans to protect the identity of sexual assault victims were also enacted in 1988. Subsequent amendments to the Criminal Code over the last 15 years have enhanced the role of victims of crime while respecting the rights of accused persons.
In response to the 1998 report of the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights, "Victims' Rights--A Voice, Not a Veto", the government enacted a package of reforms to the Criminal Code in 1999 to, among other things, ensure that victims were made aware of the opportunity to submit a victim impact statement; ensure that the safety of the victim was considered in judicial interim release decisions; fix the amount and clarify the automatic imposition of a victim surcharge; and allow judges a discretion to order a publication ban on the identity of any victim or witness where necessary for the proper administration of justice.
The 1999 amendments also provided for a victim impact statement to be prepared and submitted to the court or review board at a disposition hearing for an accused found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder. The court or review board is required to consider the statement in determining the appropriate disposition or conditions of a disposition "to the extent the statement is relevant to its consideration as a criteria set out in section 672.54".
The victim impact statement is provided for in subsection 672.5(14) which states:
A victim of the offence may prepare and file with the court or review board a written statement describing the harm done to, or loss suffered by, the victim arising from the commission of the offence.
When an accused person is found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder, the review board will decide how the accused is to be supervised. Victims of crime have been overlooked in many cases and receive little information about what will happen next, or whether they will have any role or access to any information.
The amendments included in Bill C-29 will enhance the role of victims of crime where the accused has been found not criminally responsible, but the new provisions for victims fully respect the differences between the laws that govern persons who are criminally responsible and convicted and those who are not criminally responsible.
The accused found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder is not held accountable for his or her conduct. The appropriate disposition must take into account several factors, including the need to protect the public, the mental condition of the accused, and the reintegration of the accused into society.
The impact of the crime on the victim may be relevant to only some of the criteria. Where the court or review board is considering a conditional discharge, the victim's statement may be relevant to the crafting of particular conditions: for example, that the accused not contact the victim or that the accused not go certain places.
It should be noted again that the administration of justice is a matter of provincial responsibility. The provision of victims services as part of the administration of justice is also a matter of provincial responsibility. The provision of victim impact statement forms, assistance in preparing the statements, and the collection and submission of the statements to the Crown or the court are generally handled by the provinces' victims services programs, whether police based, court based or community based.
The standing committee recommended that courts or review boards conducting a review notify the victim where the victim has indicated interest in receiving such notification. It should be noted that after the initial disposition a review hearing would be held at least every 12 months. Review board administration varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and the capacity to advise victims as to the dates of review board hearings, locations, adjournments and outcomes will necessarily vary.
While similar provisions have been crafted to require a court conducting a disposition hearing pursuant to section 672.45, or a review board conducting a disposition hearing pursuant to section 672.47, to inquire of the Crown or the victim whether the victim has been advised of the opportunity to prepare a statement, other non-legislative initiatives are required to inform victims of crime about the provisions of the code which apply to them and about the relevant dates of proceedings, the terms of a disposition and other essential information.
In order to enhance the role of victims of crime, Bill C-29 includes the following provisions.
First, victims will be permitted to orally present their victim impact statement at the review board hearing. The statement would be prepared in advance and the victim could read it aloud or, in some cases, present it in another manner.
Second, following delivery of the verdict of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder, the court or the review board chairperson must inquire whether the victim has been made aware that he or she indeed can submit a victim impact statement.
Third, the initial disposition hearing can be adjourned to permit the victim to prepare a victim impact statement if he or she so desires.
Finally, review boards will have new powers to impose a publication ban on the identity of victims and witnesses where such production is necessary for the proper administration of justice.
To the greatest extent possible, Bill C-29 includes provisions for victims which parallel Criminal Code provisions that apply where the accused is convicted and sentenced. The government places a high priority on addressing the concerns of victims of crime. The Bill C-29 amendments are a contribution of the evolution in our justice system that recognizes the role of the victims of crime.
I would also highlight the exceptional efforts of victims services agencies and both police based and court based services that are primarily provincial responsibilities. The Criminal Code cannot legislate all that is needed by victims. Provincial legislation governs services, and provinces are responsible for the administration of justice.
The standing committee, in its consideration of the mental disorder law, highlighted that victims of crime should receive notice of hearing dates, notices of disposition and information about the terms and conditions. There is no doubt that victims need all this information and even more.
Bill C-29 is a positive step for victims and that, I hope, will encourage our provincial counterparts to complement this legislation to address these information requirements.
In conclusion, I would encourage all hon. members to support Bill C-29. These amendments in fact provide greater protection for mentally disordered accused persons and, most important, a greater role for victims of crime in our society.
Criminal Code
Government Orders
1:40 p.m.
John Maloney Erie—Lincoln, ON
Mr. Speaker, it is my pleasure to rise today and speak in support of Bill C-29, an act to amend the Criminal Code with regard to mental disorder. This bill seeks to make a range of improvements to the law governing those found unfit to stand trial and those found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder.
I will be focusing my remarks on the provisions of Bill C-29 that seek to repeal provisions of the Criminal Code that in fact were never proclaimed in force.
Hon. members may be curious why it is even worth mentioning, since the repeal of unproclaimed provisions merely clarifies the status quo. It is true that the repeal of the unproclaimed provisions will not change the applicable law. However, these provisions are worth noting because the repeal reflects the government's belief that these provisions are not needed and will not be needed in the future. The repeal will bring certainty and clarity to those who may hold out hope for these old provisions, which we now agree do not reflect the goals of the regime governing mentally disordered accused.
Bill C-29 will repeal three provisions of the 1991 amending act that were never proclaimed. They are: capping, the dangerous mentally disordered accused, and the hospital order provisions.
Capping provisions were originally designed to ensure that the supervision of those found not criminally responsible would not be longer than the maximum sentence available through a criminal conviction. The maximum period or "caps" would depend on the offence committed and would range from life to two years or less.
Capping provisions were included as part of the 1992 reforms. The initial postponement in proclamation was necessary to permit a review of all persons held under a Lieutenant-Governor's warrant to determine whether they should be subject to an increased cap. The delay was also intended to allow the provinces to make necessary amendments to their mental health legislation to ensure that those discharged after a cap would be subject to such legislation where necessary. However, provincial mental health law is not designed to supervise potentially dangerous persons and amendments were not pursued.
The standing committee has called for the repeal of the capping provisions. The current regime, in the absence of capping, provides the appropriate balance between the accused's rights and the public's right to safety.
Several accused persons have appealed their dispositions, arguing that if they had been convicted they would have served a short sentence. The Supreme Court of Canada has clearly established that sentences for convicted offenders should not be compared with dispositions imposed where an accused is found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder.
Accused persons found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder are not punished. Rather, they are assessed, treated and supervised until they can be absolutely discharged. The absolute discharge may be appropriate soon after the verdict or years later, depending on the accused's mental condition and the risk to public safety. The nature of the offence may have no bearing on a disposition for those not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder. Capping should therefore be repealed once and for all.
The dangerous mentally disordered accused provisions were linked to the capping concept. They too should be and will be repealed. The DMDA provisions would have enabled the prosecutor to apply to the court after a finding of not criminally responsible, but before any disposition is made, to make a finding that the accused is a dangerous mentally disordered accused. The criteria and procedure parallel the dangerous offender provisions that apply to sane convicted offenders. The court could have then increased a 10 year cap to a maximum of life, but only for serious personal injury offences, including various sexual and violent offences. However, the provisions were very narrow in application and would have permitted an extended cap for only some offences.
The DMDA provisions and capping provisions are interdependent and are therefore being repealed together. The repeal of capping and the related DMDA provisions, coupled with the amendments to better protect the rights of criminally unfit accused, will continue to reflect the goals of our criminal law, including that of protecting the public.
The hospital order provisions would have applied to convicted offenders, not those found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder. These provisions are also proposed for repeal. Hospital orders were intended to provide a mechanism for short term treatment of a convicted offender who at the time of sentencing was in an acute phase of a mental disorder and in urgent need of treatment to prevent further mental deterioration. An offender meeting this criterion would be sent to a psychiatric facility for a period of up to 60 days rather than being jailed.
The provisions are being repealed because there is a general view among stakeholders that the current system can accomplish the intended purpose of hospital orders without a statutory provision. In addition, the code provisions were too narrow in their application to address the nature and range of mental disorder present in the convicted offender population. Proclamation of the hospital order provisions would not address the larger problem.
The repeal of these provisions reflects the government's commitment to fair and effective laws that are clear and up to date. I encourage all members to support Bill C-29.
Criminal Code
Government Orders
1:45 p.m.
Marlene Jennings Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine, QC
Mr. Speaker, it is an honour and a privilege for me to rise in the House on the subject of the Criminal Code reforms introduced by the Minister of Justice and Solicitor General of Canada on March 29, 2004.
Specifically, these reforms to the Criminal Code affect people who are not criminally responsible or who have been deemed unfit to stand trial on account of mental disorder.
These provisions are quite important. Anyone who has looked at the Criminal Code provisions that apply to people who are not criminally responsible or who have been deemed unfit to stand trial on account of mental disorder, would see that some of those provisions are really out of date. Some of those provisions have never in fact been enacted. I also think there were some court judgments on some of those provisions that have provided clarity, and the government's amendments deal with that.
I would like to repeat a quote from the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada when he tabled these amendments. He said:
We are committed to ensuring the law protects the rights of mentally disordered persons, while at the same time protecting public safety. For this purpose, I am proposing changes that will not only modernize the law but make it more fair and efficient, while preserving the overall framework that governs those found unfit to stand trial or not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder
These were the words of the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada.
For those who are not familiar with criminal law or with the Criminal Code, there are provisions that state that one may be found not criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder. When that happens it means that the accused is neither found guilty nor acquitted, and in fact is not even sentenced. Instead, a court or review board determines the appropriate disposition. It could be an absolute discharge, a discharge with conditions or an order that the individual be detained in hospital based on a series of criteria set out in the Criminal Code.
These amendments cover a broad base of issues dealing with those who have been found not criminally responsible following an actual trial or those who have been declared unfit to stand trial following evidence that has been brought before the judge at hand.
What are some of the amendments that the Minister of Justice has brought forward? On the one hand there are amendments that expand the powers of the provincial and territorial review boards. Why? They need to enhance their ability to fulfill their mandate. What is their mandate? These review boards of the provinces and territories have a legislated mandate which requires them to make decisions about detentions, the supervision or the release of someone who was found unfit to stand trial or not criminally responsible but who has been ordered to be detained for a period of time.
At various periods those review boards have to sit in judgment of individuals who have been ordered to be detained under these circumstances to determine whether they can be released and, if they can be released, under what conditions; whether they are a threat to society and, if they are, they evaluate the level of that risk. The amendments that the Minister of Justice has brought forward would enhance the ability of the review boards to make those decisions.
My colleague just finished speaking to another series of amendments. She made an entire speech on the issue of victim impact statements and did it very well. What she basically said, through everything she provided the House, was that it would allow for victim impact statements to be read by the victim at a review board hearing and would allow the review boards similar powers to that of the courts to protect the identity of the victims. As she herself stated, this is a major advance.
Up until now the Criminal Code provisions that allowed for victim impact statements did not deal with review boards that had to determine what to do with someone who had been found not criminally responsible but needed to be detained or someone who had been found unfit to stand trial because of his or her mental condition. Because the victims were not able to give victim impact statements in those cases, the review boards were not able to take into account the impact that the crime had on the victim. That is important.
These amendments would also permit the court to hold an inquiry and order a judicial stay of proceedings for an unfit accused who is not likely to ever become fit to stand trial and who poses no threat to public safety. This is important because to date the Criminal Code provisions did not allow for any mechanism. Even when we knew that the individual who was found unfit to stand trial posed no threat to public safety, there was no way for the courts to stay the proceedings or order an inquiry. Those individuals had to go through the trial. They would no longer have to do that.
Another amendment is to streamline transfer provisions. We already have provisions for individuals who have been found guilty of a crime and who have been sentenced to serve part or all of their sentence in detention, either in a provincial facility or in a federal facility, depending on whether they have been sentenced to two years less a day or to two years and more, to be transferred from one province to another or from a territory to a province or vice versa. In some cases they may wish to be transferred because there are certain educational possibilities that are available in another province's detention centres or penitentiaries that we do not have in the province where they are detained. In other cases it may be because they would be closer to friends and family.
If a person committed a crime, say in Quebec, but the person was actually from Alberta, which is where his family, his network is, if he were transferred to his own province he could receive the support of his family and friends which may contribute to his rehabilitation. Under the Criminal Code provisions as they now stand, for those who have been found not criminally responsible following a trial or for those who have been found unfit to stand trial, given their mental disorders that have been proven, the transfer provisions were quite wieldy and not very effective or efficient.
One of the amendments the Minister of Justice has made to the legislation would actually streamline those transfer provisions. It would allow a person found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder to be relocated from one province to another when it is in the best interests of rehabilitation.
I wish to underline that these reforms that the Minister of Justice and Attorney General has brought before the House are outlined in the Government of Canada's November 2002 response to the report of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights review of the mental disorder provisions of the Criminal Code. The proposed amendments also reflect current case law, as I mentioned at the beginning of my comments.
I would ask that all members of the House support these amendments. Let us get them adopted and through the House so they can actually be proclaimed and come into effect.
Genie Awards
Statements By Members
1:55 p.m.
Christian Jobin Lévis-Et-Chutes-De-La-Chaudière, QC
Mr. Speaker, on Saturday evening, the Genie Awards celebrated Canadian films. I would like to congratulate our Canadian filmmakers, to whom we owe our nation's film industry.
This year's Genie Awards have recognized the fantastic year French-Canadian film had in 2003: Les Invasions barbares took six Genies, including best motion picture, best original screenplay, and achievement in direction. La grande séduction , with 11 nominations, and Séraphin: un homme et son péché , winner of the Golden Reel for best box office results, were celebrated as well.
I also want to mention the success of the film, The Saddest Music in the World , which received three Genie awards.
The achievements of Canadian cinema demonstrate the great talent, energy and vitality of our motion picture industry. This was an exceptional year for Canadian motion pictures, which are reaching growing audiences across Canada.
The Government of Canada is very proud to support our film industry. With pride, I invite all Canadians to celebrate these achievements. Let us join together to send them our most sincere congratulations.
Fishing Industry
Statements By Members
1:55 p.m.
Canadian Alliance
Garry Breitkreuz Yorkton—Melville, SK
Mr. Speaker, men and women who enjoy fishing are on the Liberal hit list. Decades of Liberal red tape has been killing hunting and shooting sports in Canada. Now the Liberals have picked the fishing industry as their next target.
A few weeks ago the environment minister tried to quietly announce his proposal to ban all lead sinkers and brass fishing lures. He plans to put his plan into place in October, after the election. There are about eight million men and women in Canada who enjoy fishing and the Liberal government is going after them just like it went after firearms owners.
The Liberals have driven hundreds of thousands of responsible firearms owners out of their sports and have cost the Canadian economy more than 10,000 businesses and the thousands of jobs that go with them.
Now they have a plan to do the same thing to the fishing industry by banning fishing tackle. All this is being done without sufficient scientific evidence that there is even a problem. It is about time we gave Liberals the hook.
University of Prince Edward Island
Statements By Members
May 3rd, 2004 / 2 p.m.
Shawn Murphy Hillsborough, PE
Mr. Speaker, this Saturday, May 8, the University of Prince Edward Island will confer honourary degrees upon three outstanding members of Canada's Acadian community.
As members know, 2004 marks the 400th anniversary of the first Acadian settlement here in North America.
The individuals being honoured have each made exceptional contributions to the continued strength and richness of Acadian culture. They are: Mr. George Arsenault, a writer, broadcaster, historian and folklorist from Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island; noted author, Dr. Antonine Maillet, former chancellor of the University of New Brunswick, who won the prestigious prize in French literature, "le Prix Goncour", in 1979; and historian and community volunteer, Francis Blanchard, of Charlottetown.
I have no doubt that the members of this House will join me in congratulating these three outstanding citizens for this award.
Firearms Act
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Guy St-Julien Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik, QC
Mr. Speaker, many hunters in the vast riding of Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik are calling on the Government of Canada to make changes to the Firearms Act to allow Canadian hunters to hold lifetime certificates for the possession and acquisition of valid firearms in order to legally possess or acquire a firearm and buy ammunition.
The Government of Canada should sit down with the Government of Quebec in order to come up with a lifetime certificate that would be issued to Quebec hunters for a one-time fee, and maintain a Canadian licence for restricted firearms, in other words, handguns or prohibited firearms.
Quebec hunters obey hunting regulations and store their firearms safely as required by law.
National Forest Week
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
André Harvey Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, QC
Mr. Speaker, this week is National Forest Week, and therefore an appropriate time for reflecting on the essential role our forests play in our daily lives.
Canada's Forests: A Fine Balance, is the slogan selected by the Canadian Forestry Association for this year's National Forest Week. This slogan is a clear reflection of the necessity of preserving this precious resource while working unceasingly to maintain a proper balance between our needs and the capacity of our forests to fulfill their ecological role.
Our forests meet our needs on the economic, esthetic and environmental levels. This week, let us think of our forests as a source of income but also as peaceful havens, and let us take a few moments to reflect, as Canadians, on the various ways we can preserve their health and their resources for the benefit of all the generations to come.
The Environment
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Canadian Alliance
Cheryl Gallant Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke, ON
Mr. Speaker, the announcement by Ontario Liberals to implement the Kyoto accord comes at a high price to the environment and taxpayers.
The decision to tax the growing forest with current market assessment means rural woodlot owners are faced with the decision to either clear cut the forest or get taxed off their land.
Forcing restaurants, country churches, trailer parks and children's camps to spend tens of thousands of dollars to chlorinate fresh, safe, and tested well water violates the federal chlorinated substances action plan and the Canada-United States Great Lakes water quality agreement to sunset the use of chlorine in the Great Lakes watershed.
The Liberal plan to charge businesses and farmers for water, and the eventual metering of residential wells will be another GST tax grab just like the GST paid on electricity bills, a tax the former finance minister and now Prime Minister promised to scrap.
Only a new national Conservative government will stop this latest assault on rural Canada.
European Union
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Sarmite Bulte Parkdale—High Park, ON
Mr. Speaker, today is the 213th anniversary of the Polish constitution which is the oldest constitution in Europe and second in the world only to the American constitution.
To celebrate this event, yesterday I attended mass at St. Casimir's Church in my riding which was followed by ceremonies at the parish hall hosted by the Toronto branch of the Canadian Polish Congress.
This year, the Canadian Polish community also celebrated the ascension of Poland, along with nine other countries, to the European Union on May 1, 2004.
Generations of talented and hardworking immigrants from Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Slovenia, Malta and Cyprus arrived in Canada escaping the ravages of the Cold War.
Today, the European Union, like Canada, is continuing with the bold experiment of building a multicultural society based on the principles of democracy, freedom and peace.
I would like to invite all members of the House to join me in saluting the European Union on this historic decision and this historic day.
Pay Equity
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Diane Bourgeois Terrebonne—Blainville, QC
Mr. Speaker, pay equity is no more than a theory in the federal government. Female workers are still only earning 72% of what their male counterparts are making.
The existing provisions of the Canadian Human Rights Act on pay equity have not allowed us to bridge the gap. The system in place is forcing women who are discriminated against to use the legal system to obtain justice.
For example, how long have female employees at Bell Canada, Canada Post and the CBC waited, and how much longer will they have to wait before finally getting fair pay? All the federal pay equity cases that are currently before the human rights tribunal go back more than 10 years. Does this mean that female workers must wait more than 10 years to obtain justice? And what about those who are not protected by a union?
The government should not wait for the courts to force it to take action. It is its duty to do so now.
The Bloc Quebecois is asking the federal government to do the right thing by Canada's female workers and put in place proactive equal pay legislation.
World Press Freedom Day
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Stéphane Dion Saint-Laurent—Cartierville, QC
Mr. Speaker, on this World Press Freedom Day, it is very important to remember that freedom of the press is a basic right and essential to democracy.
One may say that democracy is the daughter of the press.
During the French Revolution, people were so hungry for information in their new found freedom that they fought over any kind of written material.
On this day when freedom of the press is under attack in many places in the world, the Government of Canada wants to reiterate its strong commitment to a free press throughout the world, and to defending the rights of journalists and the freedom of expression, a fundamental value of democracy.
Persons with Disabilities
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Canadian Alliance
Dick Harris Prince George—Bulkley Valley, BC
Mr. Speaker, because Liberals historically have problems of actually earning votes of Canadians, their chosen alternative has been to try and buy or even extort votes, or a combination of both.
The Prime Minister's target this time is Canadians with disabilities, and this is sleazy politics at its worse. Using it as a photo op, the Prime Minister is re-announcing some budget provisions for disabled training and programs. While this may sound nice, this is the same Prime Minister who, as finance minister, slashed around $25 billion from health funding to the provinces, severely impacting the disabled.
This is the same person who imposed punitive changes to the disability tax credit, forcing disabled persons to again prove that they were disabled and forcing thousands of previous legitimate disabled persons out of the tax credit provision.
This "snatch then bait" election strategy is utterly shameful.
Stevie Cameron
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Anita Neville Winnipeg South Centre, MB
Mr. Speaker, today one of Canada's most notable journalists receives an honorary Doctor of Divinity from the Vancouver School of Theology at UBC. While known across the country as a consummate investigative reporter and former editor of Elm Street magazine, Stevie Cameron's deep commitment to working with the homeless and hungry across Canada is less well known.
An elder with St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church in Toronto and the coordinator of the "Out of the Cold" program within that parish, she has worked on behalf of the homeless and poor in downtown Toronto for the past 12 years. Stevie has helped many other groups across Canada start their own "Out of the Cold" programs.
For the past two years, much of Stevie's efforts have also focused on Vancouver, where she has been researching the Port Coquitlam murders for her new book. The story of the missing women of Vancouver will serve as a study of poverty, homelessness and addictions, and the response or lack thereof of public systems to the needs of these women and their families.
I wish to congratulate a multi-talented Canadian woman who makes a difference on the Canadian landscape.


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I have a question about fresh yeast.by "Fresh Yeast" I mean this :http://www.foodsubs.com/Photos/yeast-cake.jpgIf I use 25kg of flour, how many grams of fresh yeast should I use ?
I want to make Napoletan Style and I want to use the cold fermentation.Do you know the amount of fresh yeast for 25kg of flour ?
here are the informations that you requested :- Hydratation : 62%- Cold fermentation 8-12 hours (In a fridge)- salt 2.8%
In France we can find easily Caputo 00 Flour.It's true that cold fermentation allows to keep the dough balled until 48h, that's why I was thinking of the method. In a restaurant, we don't know in advance the quantity that will be selled.The great question for me is the % of fresh yeast and salt with cold fermentation to have a pizza which inflate good in the oven.There are some electric oven that could have high level of temperature.For example, this oven can go until 400°C (752°F)http://www.restoconcept.com/Four_a_pizza_electrique_Tornati_forni.aspxThank you
The great question for me is the % of fresh yeast and salt with cold fermentation to have a pizza which inflate good in the oven.

subset: commoncrawl


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Brazil this year adopted several new legal Resolutions affecting credit union operations which Sicredi generally supported. This included a Resolution that simplified procedures for opening branch offices and a Resolution that set forth fiduciary duty and governance standards for credit unions which were similar to existing rules that Sicredi had established for its member credit unions.
In addition, Brazil adopted Resolutions establishing minimum standards for institutions that have access to the newly created Credit Cooperatives Guarantee Fund, and to require submission of a Cooperative System Combined Balance Sheet to the Central Bank of Brazil.
Source: Sicredi, www.sicredi.com.br
In February 2011, the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Laws in Africa (OHADA) passed the Uniform Act on Cooperatives, which was adopted in Lomé, Togo, by 17 African countries including Cameroon. The Act has allowed a two-year transitional period before its implementation. Credit unions are required to apply the new regulations put into force under the OHADA by reviewing their existing bylaws before May 2013.
Currently, credit unions in Cameroon are governed by the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) regulation for the exercise and control of microfinance activities within the CEMAC region, and the Banking Commission of Central Africa (COBAC) operational norms. The Cameroon Co-operative Credit Union League (CamCCUL) has also developed its own set of internal regulations used by its affiliated credit unions.
Source: Cameroon Co-operative Credit Union League, www.camccul.org
Following hearings that took place during the course of the summer, the Canadian Parliament released in September a Report on the Status of Cooperatives in Canada. Credit union representations are referenced throughout the report, which reflects the credit unions' submissions. The government has until mid-January to respond to the report.
Canadian credit unions are still waiting for the final publications of regulations that will allow for the federal credit union charter to come into force. Prior to the 2010 federal legislation, only Canadian provinces had legal authority to issue credit union charters.
In October, the Canadian Department of Finance released proposed amendments to the anti-money laundering regulations regarding customer due diligence measures for financial institutions. The amendments aim to ensure that reporting entities understand their due diligence responsibilities. Canadian Central has provided comments to the government on this issue.
Source: Credit Union Central of Canada, www.cucentral.com
European Union (EU) leaders agreed in December to create a pan-EU banking supervisory system administered by the European Central Bank (ECB). Credit unions will not be subject to direct ECB oversight because, under the EU leaders' final agreement, only banks with €30 billion or more in assets or which operate in more than one country will be subject to ECB supervision. This new "banking union" will be set up in 2013 and will be fully operational in March 2014.
The ECB will also have authority to intervene with respect to smaller banks if there is an "urgent need," such as a systemic crisis in a national savings bank system. It is unlikely, however, that the final agreement will give the ECB this "urgent need" intervention authority with respect to credit unions (although such a scenario remains possible because the text of the final agreement has not yet been publicly released).
ECB "urgent need" authority over credit unions is unlikely because the European Commission's initial "banking union" proposal only applied to "banks" as defined by the EU banking law (i.e., the "Capital Requirements Directive" or "CRD"), a definition that does not include credit unions. In addition, the European Network of Credit Unions (ENCU) in early December requested clarification from EU policymakers regarding possible ECB jurisdiction over credit unions and received feedback that credit unions are likely to remain subject to national-level supervision only. The ENCU continues to monitor this situation and will re-engage EU policymakers if the text of the final agreement raises concerns.
Source: European Network of Credit Unions, www.creditunionnetwork.eu
A bill creating a new system for financial regulation in the United Kingdom is likely to be passed by the end of the year, and a new "twin peaks" regime will come into force in April 2013. This "twin peaks" regulatory approach gives one agency primary jurisdiction over consumer protection laws and another agency primary jurisdiction over prudential safety and soundness supervision. It will be similar in some respects to the "twin peaks" regimes adopted by Australia in 1998 and by the United States in 2010 when the Dodd-Frank Act created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Under the new law, the Prudential Regulation Authority, a subsidiary of the Bank of England, will ensure deposit-taking, investment and insurance firms meet prudential requirements such as capital and liquidity. The Financial Conduct Authority will oversee prudential requirements for smaller firms and consumer protection conduct issues for all firms, including banning risky products before they have caused a problem for consumers. Details of the new regime, under which credit unions will have two new regulators, will be finalized over the next few months. More info
The sector is also awaiting the result of a tender process that will determine how, and by whom, up to £38 million in government investment to modernize and expand the sector will be spent. The result of the tender is due in February 2013. More info
Source: Association of British Credit Unions, Ltd., www.abcul.org
The bill sets out the framework for prudential requirements that are to apply to credit unions in areas such as reserves, liquidity, lending and risk management. The policies and principles in respect of each area are set out in the bill, with scope for central bank regulations in relation to standards, procedures and other more detailed matters. The bill provides that regulatory requirements will be made according to the nature, scale and complexity of credit unions.
In addition, the bill provides the statutory basis for credit union restructuring and for central bank-approved stabilization support for viable but undercapitalized credit unions.
Source: Irish League of Credit Unions, www.creditunion.ie
In the summer of 2012, the Minister of Enterprise, Trade and Investment announced its intent to publish new credit union legislation to provide greater opportunity to fulfill and expand the role of credit unions in the community. In particular, the new legislation will introduce the concept of "corporate membership" to credit unions in Northern Ireland, meaning that legal entities will be permitted to join credit unions as members in addition to natural, physical people.
The transfer of regulation from the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (Northern Ireland) to the Financial Services Authority (United Kingdom) for Northern Ireland credit unions took place on March 31, 2012. However, responsibility for credit union legislation in Northern Ireland remains with the Northern Ireland Assembly.
It is likely that legislative reforms for Northern Ireland credit unions will mirror the Legislative Reform (Industrial and Provident Societies and Credit Unions) Order 2011, which was introduced for credit unions in Great Britain last year.
Source: Irish League of Credit Unions, www.creditunion.ie
The SACCO Societies Regulatory Authority (SASRA) is piloting a new risk-based supervision framework. This framework is appropriate given that SASRA has licensed 122 credit unions. This number is expected to reach 125 by the end of 2012. The increasing number of supervised entities presents a resource challenge. Therefore, successful implementation of the new supervisory framework will enhance efficiency and allow SASRA to detect financially unsound credit unions early enough for corrective action.
In August, SASRA released the second edition of the SACCO Supervision report. The subsector continued to grow with total assets increasing at 14% to reach US$3 billion. This growth was funded by member deposits and capital, which stood at US$2.25 billion. Licensed credit unions have US$2.1 billion in assets and account for nearly three-quarters of the total assets in Kenya. Thus, SASRA has brought into prudential regulatory framework a significant number of systemically large credit unions.
Kenya promulgated a new constitution, the full effect of which will come after the general election scheduled for March 4, 2013. The constitution provides for a federal, two-tier governance system, with national and county governments. Credit union regulation will be a function of the county governments. SASRA is working to ensure the gains made in developing and strengthening credit union regulation are preserved in the new governance system.
Source: SACCO Societies Regulatory Authority, www.sasra.go.ke
The Government of Macedonia has adopted amendments to the Law on Personal Income Tax, which delay a new income tax on members' revenue from interest on savings deposits. The law was initially scheduled to come into force at the beginning of 2013. Under the new law, the tax on member's interest income will come into effect when Macedonia is approved to join the European Union (EU) as a member state. An EU report issued earlier this year found that Macedonia met most of the criteria for EU membership but did not set a timetable for Macedonia's accession as a member state.
Source: FULM Savings House, www.fulm.com.mk
On July 20, the Moldovan Parliament passed amendments to the 2007 Law on Savings and Credit Associations, which permits credit unions to now serve legal entities including businesses, to offer insurance products and services and to lower the general assembly member presence quorum to 30 members or more.
Source: Central Association of Savings and Credit Associations, www.aei.md
One of the most anticipated reforms this year - the revised Friendly Societies and Credit Unions Act 1982, through which credit unions are registered - has been passed into law. The most notable change introduced by the reform is the removal of the cap on credit union deposits, which were previously limited to US$200,000 per member. Other amendments include the removal of restrictions on borrowing funds, making loans to members and the requirement to maintain a general reserve. The reform has taken more than 10 years to come to fruition, and the changes have been welcomed by the movement.New Zealand will begin enforcing compliance with the Anti-Money Laundering/Counter Financing of Terrorism Act 2009 by June 2013. Members have been actively preparing their businesses throughout 2012 to meet their obligations under the act and will be primarily focused on this in the lead-up to June.
Source: New Zealand Association of Credit Unions, www.nzacu.org.nz
On July 19, the Polish Parliament received draft amendments to the Credit Unions Law of 2009. The main objective of the bill is to introduce deposit insurance for all credit unions as part of the State Banking Guarantee Fund - currently available only for banks - but the initial draft of the bill also has several controversial provisions that credit unions oppose.
Articles opposed by credit unions include a provision that would limit the national association's permissible investments to only state treasury and national bank bonds and securities, a provision that would require the Polish Financial Supervision Authority to approve all contracts between the national association and credit unions, and a provision that would allow involuntary mergers of insolvent credit unions with commercial banks. The new bill is expected to pass in the first quarter of 2013.
Source: National Association of Co-operative Savings & Credit Unions, www.skok.pl
On April 19, the Peruvian Legislative Decree No. 1106 for effectively combating money laundering and other crimes related to illegal mining and organized crime was officially published. It establishes the Financial Intelligence Unit as the supervisory authority for credit unions with respect to provisions related to anti-money laundering and terrorist financing.
Source: National Federation of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Peru, www.fenacrep.org
As a result of the Credit Union National Association's (CUNA) advocacy efforts, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has announced that it is delaying the effective date of its regulation concerning international "remittances" and will make changes to the law to address credit unions' concerns about potential liability the rules assign for "errors" occurring after a wire transfer has exited U.S. jurisdiction. Under CFPB's Regulation E, "remittances" are defined broadly to include all consumer-initiated cross-border electronic funds transfers.
CFPB released its proposed revisions to the error liability rules for public comment on December 21. The agency also delayed the law's effective date until 90 days after publication of the final version of these changes in the Federal Register.
CFPB has also issued multiple proposed regulations concerning mortgage lending activities. These include a proposal to combine disclosures that credit unions and banks are required to give mortgage loan applicants and borrowers. CFPB also proposes to amend the rules for home appraisals that would be secured by "higher risk mortgages," such as those with interest rates and fees significantly above market. In addition, CFPB has proposed to revise the definition of "finance charge" — i.e., the key component of annual percentage rate (APR) calculation under U.S. consumer protection laws — in a manner that has raised concerns among credit unions. CUNA has urged CFPB not to finalize this aspect of its mortgage proposals.
The "Global Regulators' Roundtable" annual conference for credit union regulators will take place on April 15–17, 2013, in San Diego, USA. The Regulators' Roundtable is coordinated by the International Credit Union Regulators' Network (ICURN). World Council serves as the ICURN Secretariat.
More than 70 credit union regulators are expected to attend the three-day event that will address critical topics including risk management, successful policymaking vs. regulating and credit union governance. The third day of the conference will be dedicated to an educational session based on the National Association of State Credit Union Supervisors' renowned accreditation program for credit union examiners in the United States. Credit union regulators interested in attending may click here to learn more about the ICURN conference or contact us for invitations.
Source: World Council of Credit Unions, www.woccu.org
On December 5, World Council of Credit Unions and the Credit Union National Association, World Council's member organization in the United States, met with representatives from the secretariat of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision at the Bank for International Settlements to discuss the implications of Basel III capital requirements for credit unions. More info
Credit union shares that are perpetual, nonwithdrawable and available to cover institutional losses can be considered "common equity" regulatory capital under guidelines offered by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's Basel III document, originally released in December 2010 and reissued with revisions in June 2011. World Council of Credit Unions made the assessment in a Basel III white paper issued in August. More info
Download the white paper at www.woccu.org/positionpapers.
In March, World Council also formally supported proposed revisions to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision. The revisions would make regulatory standards "proportional" to financial institutions' risk profiles and based on their impact on global financial systems. Supervisory proportionality would help reduce unnecessary regulatory burdens on smaller institutions, World Council stated in a March 20 letter to the committee's headquarters in Basel, Switzerland.
View a copy of the letter at www.woccu.org/positionpapers.
World Council of Credit Unions testified on May 15 in a hearing convened by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to urge the agency to consider changes to its proposed Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) regulations that would reduce undue regulatory burdens on credit unions in other countries. Expanding the definition of "non-registering local banks" to include credit unions would help relieve the strain of unnecessary IRS reporting for non-U.S.-based credit unions already unable to serve members such as those the IRS is seeking to tax due to membership restrictions. More info
World Council also outlined these concerns in a comment letter to the IRS. More info
View World Council's letter to the IRS at www.woccu.org/positionpapers.
Source: World Council of Credit Unions, www.woccu.org
In April, World Council of Credit Unions supported revisions to regulations developed by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), which are designed to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. World Council also supported the FATF's revised due diligence recommendations, which set forth a "risk-based approach" that can be scaled to acknowledge credit union members' relative lack of risk in these areas. World Council representatives addressed this issue at an April 2 meeting held by FATF at the Paris headquarters of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, where the inter-governmental regulatory body is domiciled. More info
In September, World Council of Credit Unions made recommendations to the FATF on how to limit regulatory burdens on credit unions in the FATF's forthcoming guidance papers on anti-money laundering (AML) standards. The new standards will expand the international AML definition of politically exposed persons (PEPs) to include domestic and international organization PEPs, as well as update existing FATF guidance on new payment methods. More info


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Americans Believe Wall Street Requires More Regulation
By Hal M. Bundrick
NEW YORK (MainStreet)--Wall Street needs to bring a new sheriff into town. Americans believe that the financial services industry needs tougher regulations - and that sentiment is growing, according to a new national survey of over 1000 likely 2014 voters conducted by Lake Research Partners on behalf of Americans for Financial Reform and the Center for Responsible Lending.
Almost five years after the financial crisis, investors are still looking for significant reform of the U.S. money market. When asked, "Should Wall Street financial companies be held accountable with tougher rules and enforcement for the practices that caused the financial crisis, or have their practices changed enough that they don't need further regulation?" 83% of respondents supported stronger rules and enforcement, compared to just 9% who believe that the financial industry has changed its ways and requires no additional regulation. In 2012, the pro-reform position was favored by 73% of those surveyed; in 2011, the figure was 77%.
The results of this recent survey mirror those of a January poll of small business owners where 80% of respondents believed regulations should be strengthened to hold financial companies accountable for the practices that caused the financial collapse. Only one in five said that these companies' practices had changed enough that they didn't require more regulation.
Nearly two-thirds (63%) of the likely voters surveyed agreed with the view that Wall Street must be held accountable and prevented from repeating past actions. Just 41% thought that excessive regulation would hurt the economy.
After hearing a short description of the agency, 8 in 10 voters favored the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the first federal agency whose focus is educating and protecting consumers in financial matters. Nearly half (49%) strongly favored it. And the show of support for the CFPB was held by voters across party lines, including 91% of Democrats, 79% of independents, and 71% of Republicans.
--Written by Hal M. Bundrick


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The Field
- Dimensions: Maximum 30 yards long and 20 yards wide (30 yds x 20 yds)
- Markings: Distinctive lines not required. Field can be marked using 10 flat pro-cones and four regular cones.
- Penalty Area in front of each goal (this is the "larger box"). For U6, there is no smaller goal area.
- Goals: Maximum 4 feet high and 6 feet wide (4′ x 6′)
The Ball
- Size three (3)
Number of Players
- Maximum number of players PER TEAM on the field at any time: three (3)
- Maximum number of players PER TEAM on roster: TEN (10)
(Two teams are split and play on two side-by-side fields at the same time)
- No Goalkeepers
TIP: Players should be reminded NOT to stand in the goal. They should be encouarged to run back and try to kick the ball away when defending their goal, and to move forward with their team to when they are trying to score.
- Substitutions: Usually between quarters and at halftime, but coaches should use their discretion during the game (for injuries, etc).
- Split teams should be evenly balanced. Do not make an "A" and a "B" team
- Each week players should play with different teammates
- Playing time: Minimum of 50% of the total playing time for each player and 75% when possible. No one should play four quarters until everyone has played three.
Players' Equipment
- Shinguards: MANDATORY for practices and games
- Footwear: Soccer shoes or tennis shoes
- Each player will be given their own jersey, shorts, and socks
Although Under-6 coaches and assistant coaches are only required to attend a Safe Haven course and an U-6 coaching clinic, it is strongly recommended that coaches and assistant coaches in the Under-6 division should attend a referee course.
During the game, both Under-6 coaches and both assistant coaches will act as the referees ("game monitors") during the two side-by-side games. In one game, a coaches or assistant coach from each team should co-referee with one of the coaches from the other team. The other two will monitor the 2nd game.
In each game, one of the coaches monitors one side of the field and the other coach monitors the other side of the field.
The referee can be also be a:
- a certified referee
- a certified youth referee
NOTE: Any person acting as a referee must be a registered AYSO volunteer, and have taken the Safe Haven course.
Referees should emphasize:
- safety
- fun
- fairness
Referees should briefly explain any infringements to the player(s) and help players with direction. In the Under-5 age group, the referees can help the players understand the rules of the game if needed, but the primary focus is to keep the players safe and the game flowing. This allows the players to learn from the game.
Duration of the Game
- Four 8 minute quarters, if necessary for substitutions or water break
- Two minutes between quarters
- One 5 minute half time
- Besides the game, there will be a one-hour practice sometime during the week.
The Start of Play
- The game should be started with an indirect free kick ("kickoff") in the middle of the field.
- The coaches should determine which team starts the game and the opposing team should start the second half.
- The referee will ensure that opponents are at least five (5) yards from the spot of the free kick.
Ball In and Out of Play
- The Under-6 division varies from the upper divisions in this respect.
- There will be NO THROW-INS. (See next section for goal kicks and corner kicks).
- Instead of throw-ins, when the whole ball passes over the touch line (sideline) by any player, either on the ground or in the air, it should be quickly given back to the closest referee by any parent or spectator.
For Parents/Spectators:
A person on the sideline who retrieves a ball that has gone "out of bounds" completely over the sideline shall quickly throw the ball back to the closest referee, who will make a quick restart.
- Please do not try to restart the game yourself.
- Remember the ball must go "completely over" the sideline to be out.
For Coaches/Referees:
Once you receive the ball from a parent, quickly restart the with a dropped ball away from the pack and near the middle of the field. Drop the ball away from the sideline as it is easier for the players to keep the ball in play.
- If necessary, to keep the game fair for all players, a dropped ball should be dropped (or rolled) closest to a player who rarely receives the ball. Make all attempt to keep the game fair for ALL players.
Note: The reason for doing this is twofold: to keep the game flowing quickly so the players can develop the necessary foot skills for soccer, and also to allow the coach/referee to make sure that ALL players get a chance to get the ball.
Goal Kick
- In Under-6, goal kicks are introduced. No matter what team kicks the ball out of bounds behind the goal, there will be a goal kick for the team defending that goal.
- There are NO CORNER-KICKS in Under-6.
- All goal kicks are direct kicks.
- The goal kick may be taken from any point inside their Penalty Area ("large box").
- The ball must go outside the large Penalty Area before another player can kick the ball.
- The referee will ensure that opponents are at least ten (10) yards from the edge of the Penalty Area ("large box").
Coaching/Referee Tips for a goal kick:
- First, on a goal kick, guide the opposing team back towards the center of the field near the center circle (about 10 yards back from the Penalty Area). The kicking team can position themselves where ever they want.
- Have the kicking player place the ball anywhere on the ground within the Penalty Area (preferably "near" one of the corners of the penalty area furthest from their goal).
- Have the kicking player attempt to pass the ball to one of the open teammates who has moved toward a sideline to receive the pass.
- Remind the kicker to pass to his/her open teammates, not to the opposing teams.
- If needed, remind the opposing players that they can only try for the ball after the goalkick is taken. It's almost like a "free" kick.
- For each goal-kick, have a different player (including the goalkeeper) take it, so everybody gets a chance.
Method of Scorekeeping
- Scores are not kept.
- If a goal is scored, players should be brought back to their half, and the ball shall be placed at the center spot. The game shall continue with a free kick from the team that was scored upon. The referee will ensure that opponents are at least five (5) yards from the spot of the kick.
Fouls & Misconduct
- Indirect free kick for all fouls, with the opponents five yards away
- There are no penalty kicks in the Under-6 division
- There is no offside in the Under-6 division
- Referee should briefly explain infractions
- If necessary, the referee should stop the game when any player has fallen on or near the ball and is in danger of being kicked. The quick restart will be a dropped ball.
- Remind players that goaltending is discouraged.
Penalty Kicks
- There are no penalty kicks in the Under-6 division
- There is no offside in the Under-6 division
AYSO Region 88 Recommendations
- Parents of both teams should split up to both sides of the field so the ball can be easily put back into play.
- Both coaches should work together, not as opponents, to keep the game flowing freely and to help teach the children (and parents) the basics of the game
- Spectators are not allowed on the field during game play.
- Spectators are not allowed behind either goal or within three (3) yards outside the touchline
- Helping the players feel comfortable with the ball, through dribbling, should be the priority.
- Region standings are not recorded
- Game scores are not recorded
- Parents, coaches, and players from both teams exchange handshakes before and/or after each game
- All players receive participation awards
- Parents and coaches should encourage players, but not coach or instruct during game time


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Metro Transit says the first inbound run of the Northstar Commuter line is 20 minutes late arriving in Ramsey. According to schedules posted on the agency's website, the trains should arrive at 5:36 a.m. That means a projected arrival at Target Field at 6:10 a.m.
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Cisco: Still Marching To Its Own Beat
With the stock resting at $19 and Cisco sitting on $45 billion in cash, it won't be long before the company starts putting its money where its mouth is -- particularly since Cisco has been hinting about more acquisitions. But for investors, will it be too late to capitalize? With Cisco's recent earnings performance, this is a question worth asking.
Software Is The New Hardware
Cisco started its fiscal 2013 just as it ended 2012, with another earnings beat. The network giant reported net income of $2.6 billion, or 48 cents per share on revenue of $11.9 billion. Not only was this enough to beat analysts' estimates of 46 cents per share, but the results also represented 11% profit growth. Likewise, revenue also grew by 6% and exceeded street expectations of $11.77 billion.
Cisco continues to see excellent improvement in its services business with revenue growing year-over-year by 12%. Some of the company's largest customers have contributed to the growing demand as evident by the 9% increase in orders. On the other hand Europe continues to be a challenge. Likewise, Cisco's routing and switching business continues to underperform. So what does it do?
However, as has been the case for most of the year, Cisco has provided an answer to its hardware weakness by opening its wallet. The company's recent shopping spree includes spending $1.2 billion for Meraki and most recently $141 million in cash for Cariden -- both within the past two weeks.
This brings Cisco's software acquisitions total to nine. Essentially, Cisco is looking to leverage its strong services business, which grew by 12% with more cloud-based purchases. The question is, will it be enough to offset its lagging hardware business. But more importantly, it may not even matter.
Once enterprises start migrating fully into the cloud, software will become "the new hardware." That Cisco has been investing heavily in this direction is not a surprise -- particularly since that market is projected to grow to $177 billion by 2015. In the meantime, the company is looking for any type of competitive advantage. Still, Cisco doesn't think that it has done enough.
Moving Forward
Cisco expects second-quarter earnings between 47 cents a share and 48 cents per share. The company also expects revenue to grow as high as 5.5% if it reaches the high end of its range of $12.1 billion. As has been the pattern for most of the year, the company has chosen to guide conservatively.
On the other hand, Cisco now has a streak of seven consecutive quarters where it beat earnings forecasts. Q2 won't be any different -- particularly since the market is expecting a rebound in enterprise spending, which has prompted analysts to upgrade the stock to $25.


text: Home Recipes & How-Tos 50 Grilled Cheese Photos 50 Grilled Cheese Email MainPhotos (12) 12 Grilled Cheeses Find a dozen great twists on grilled cheese from Food Network Magazine. Categories: Cheese, Sandwich, Grilling Thumbnails of Previous Next http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/2/28/0/FNM_040112-Insert-001_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Classic (No. 1) Sandwich 2 slices cheddar, Monterey jack or Swiss cheese between 2 slices country white bread. Cook, flipping once, until golden. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/3/7/0/FNM_040112-Insert-010-pepper_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Crunchy Nacho (No. 5) Sandwich 2 slices white bread with 1 slice Monterey jack or American cheese, some pickled jalapeño slices, 1 tablespoon crushed corn chips and 1 slice cheddar. Cook, flipping once, until golden. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/3/7/0/FNM_040112-Insert-010-tomato_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Goat Cheese-Peppadew (No. 6) Mix 1/2 cup cream cheese with 1/4 cup goat cheese and 8 chopped Peppadew peppers. Sandwich one-quarter of the mixture between 2 slices multigrain bread. Cook, flipping once, until golden. (Use the remaining cheese mixture for more sandwiches.) http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/2/28/0/FNM_040112-Insert-013_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Grilled Cheese Fingers (No. 7) Sandwich 2 slices cheddar, Monterey jack or Swiss cheese between 2 slices country white bread. Cook, flipping once, until golden. Cut off the crusts and cut the sandwich into strips. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/3/7/0/FNM_040112-Insert-020-avocado_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Avocado (No. 14) Toss 1/4 sliced avocado with lime juice and lime zest to taste. Sandwich 2 slices white bread with 2 slices pepper jack and the avocado. Cook, flipping once, until golden. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/2/28/0/FNM_040112-Insert-015_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Blue Cheese and Onion (No. 21) Sandwich 2 slices marble rye bread with 1 slice each Muenster and soft blue cheese, some caramelized onions and another slice of Muenster. Cook, flipping once, until golden. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/2/28/0/FNM_040112-Insert-011_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Bacon-Waffle-Cheddar (No. 33) Sandwich 2 thawed toaster waffles with 1 slice cheddar, 2 slices crisp bacon and another slice of cheddar. Cook, flipping once, until golden. Serve with maple syrup. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/3/7/0/FNM_040112-Insert-020-bacon-egg_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Egg in a Hole (No. 34) Cut out a 2-inch round from the center of 1 slice country white bread; place the bread in a hot buttered skillet and crack an egg into the hole. Cook until the white sets, then flip and top with 1 slice cheddar. Meanwhile, add another slice of bread to the skillet and top with 1 slice cheddar and 3 slices crisp bacon. Sandwich the two halves and cook until golden. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/2/28/2/FNM_040112-Insert-016_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Pizza (No. 43) Spread 2 slices Italian bread with marinara sauce and sandwich with 1 slice provolone, 2 slices pepperoni and 1 slice mozzarella. Cook in a mixture of butter and olive oil. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/3/7/0/FNM_040112-Insert-007-cheese_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Open-Face French Onion (No. 44) Broil baguette slices until toasted. Top with caramelized onions and shredded Gruyère; broil until the cheese melts. Top with chives. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/3/7/0/FNM_040112-Insert-020-cheese_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg BBQ Roast Beef (No. 46) Spread 1 slice country white bread with 1 tablespoon barbecue sauce. Top with 2 slices each cheddar and roast beef, then top with another slice of bread. Brush melted butter on the outside of the sandwich and cook on a grill, turning, until golden. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2012/3/7/0/FNM_040112Insert007-raisin_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Brie and Marmalade (No. 48) Spread 2 slices cinnamon-raisin bread with orange marmalade. Sandwich with 2 slices Brie (remove the rind) and cook, flipping once, until golden. http://foodnetwork.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/food/fullset/2015/11/2/2/FNK_Hangover-Breakfast-Sandwiches-Opener-daylight_s4x3.jpg.rend.snigalleryslide.jpeg Coming up Hangover Breakfast Sandwiches These breakfasts between slices of bread are exactly what you want after a night of indulgence. Advertisement Continue to Next Photo Subscribe Now Give a Gift Magazine Customer Service


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Federal Court Hears First Appellate Arguments Challenging DOMA
For the first time, a Federal Appeals Court heard arguments about the constitutionality of the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). Seven married same-sex couples and three widowers, plaintiffs in GLAD's case Gill v. Office of Personnel Management, went to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit to hear appellate arguments in their challenge to the law, which prevents them from accessing federal spousal protections as other married couples can.
"DOMA's precise point was to create an across the board exclusion of same-sex couples in the U.S. Code," Mary L. Bonauto, GLAD's Civil Rights Project Director, argued before the court. "The promise of equal protection is that likes are to be treated alike – but DOMA treats married same-sex couples differently from all other married persons, making gay people and our marriages unequal to all others."
Bonauto argued on behalf of the plaintiffs before a three-member Court of Appeals panel comprised of Chief Judge Sandra Lynch, Judge Michael Boudin, and Judge Juan Torruella.
Audio from the argument is available on the court's website. Please note the first 18 minutes were not recorded due to technical issues.
Visit GLAD's blog for more information about the argument.
In a July 2010 ruling in Gill - the first strategic, multi-plaintiff challenge to DOMA - District Court Judge Joseph L. Tauro ruled Section 3 of the federal law unconstitutional. Republican leadership in Congress intervened to appeal that ruling, after President Obama declared he would no longer defend DOMA.
The Gill legal team is led by Bonauto and GLAD Legal Director Gary Buseck, with staff attorneys Vickie Henry and Janson Wu. Co-operating counsel on the case include Foley Hoag LLP (Boston), Sullivan & Worcester LLP (Boston), Jenner & Block LLP (Washington, DC) and Kator, Parks & Weiser, PLLC (Washington, DC).
For more information about the case and the plaintiffs, visit www.glad.org/DOMA
Media Coverage
The Atlantic: The Losing Argument for the Defense of Marriage Act
WBUR: Appeals Court Hears Gay Marriage Law Case
New York Times: Appeals Court Hears Arguments on Gay Marriage Law
Chicago Tribune/Reuters: Court Hears Appeals Over Anti-Gay Marriage Law
Broadside (Video): DOMA On Trial In Boston
Los Angeles Times: DOMA: US Appeals Court Takes Up Defense of Marriage Act
MetroWeekly: Federal Appeals Judges Consider Whether DOMA Is Constitutional In Historic Hearing In Boston
The Advocate: Courtroom Coverage: DOMA Under Scrutiny In Federal Appeal
Washington Blade: HISTORIC: Oral arguments heard in DOMA challenge and Plaintiffs optimistic after DOMA arguments
Prop 8 Trial Tracker: For the first time, a challenge to the Defense of Marriage Act is heard by an appeals court
Boston Globe: Op-ed by Plaintiff Dean Hara
On Liberty: There's Nothing Rational About Marriage Discrimination
MA Lawyer's Weekly: 1st Circuit Hears DOMA Arguments
National Law Journal: 1st Circuit Hears Same-Sex Marriage Dispute (login required)
Pre-Hearing Coverage:
Associated Press: Battle over federal Defense of Marriage Act heads to appeals court in Mass.
Metro Weekly: Stage Is Set for April 4th Arguments in First Circuit DOMA Challenge Appeal
Photos: InfinityPortraitDesign.com