text: Bugs item #10534, was opened at 2007-05-02 23:52 You can respond by visiting: http://rubyforge.org/tracker/?func=detail&atid=3149&aid=10534&group_id=797 Category: None Group: None Status: Open Resolution: None Priority: 3 Submitted By: Larry Kluger (larrykluger) Assigned to: Nobody (None) Summary: Windows: undefined method `controller_name' Initial Comment: Running 0.9.1 on windows -- (InstantRails with updated rails and other gems) gives following trace (below). I have updated to all the latest gems and plugins as of today, May 2, 07. The exact same svn tree on Linux works fine for rake spec I think something is not requiring the right modules due to Window's back slashes. Regards, LarryK ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Trace followed by list of installed gems > rake spec C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_eval.rb:95:in `method_missing': undefined method `controller_name' for #<Spec::DSL::EvalModule:0x47b489c> (NoMethodError) from ./spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb:4 from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib/spec/dsl/ behaviour.rb:47:in `class_eval' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib/spec/dsl/ behaviour.rb:47:in `eval_behaviour' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib/spec/dsl/ behaviour.rb:29:in `initialize' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec_on_rails/lib/spec /dsl/behaviour_factory.rb:43:in `new' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec_on_rails/lib/spec /dsl/behaviour_factory.rb:43:in `create' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib/spec/runn er/extensions/kernel.rb:4:in `context' from ./spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb:3 ... 14 levels... from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib/spec/runn er/option_parser.rb:261:in `parse' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib/spec/runn er/option_parser.rb:28:in `create_behaviour_runner' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib/spec/runn er/command_line.rb:14:in `run' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/bin/spec:3 rake aborted! Command ruby -I"C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/lib" "C:/i nstant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-0.9.1/bin/spec" "spec/controllers/se ssion_controller_spec.rb" "spec/controllers/users_controller_spec.rb" "spec/controllers/user_assets_ controller_spec.rb" "spec/helpers/user_assets_helper_spec.rb" "spec/helpers/user_assets_url_helpers_ spec.rb" "spec/models/asset_spec.rb" "spec/models/authenticated_base_spec.rb" "spec/models/user_spec .rb" "spec/views/assets/edit_rhtml_spec.rb" "spec/views/assets/index_rhtml_spec.rb" "spec/views/asse ts/new_rhtml_spec.rb" "spec/views/assets/show_rhtml_spec.rb" "spec/views/users/edit_rhtml_spec.rb" " spec/views/users/index_rhtml_spec.rb" "spec/views/users/new_rhtml_spec.rb" "spec/views/users/show_rh tml_spec.rb" --options "C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/config/../spec/spec.opts" failed C:\instant_rails_1.7\InstantRails\rails_apps\am2>gem list --local *** LOCAL GEMS *** actionmailer (1.3.3) Service layer for easy email delivery and testing. actionpack (1.13.3) Web-flow and rendering framework putting the VC in MVC. actionwebservice (1.2.3) Web service support for Action Pack. activerecord (1.15.3) Implements the ActiveRecord pattern for ORM. activesupport (1.4.2) Support and utility classes used by the Rails framework. capistrano (1.4.1) Capistrano is a framework and utility for executing commands in parallel on multiple remote machines, via SSH. The primary goal is to simplify and automate the deployment of web applications. cgi_multipart_eof_fix (2.1) Fix an exploitable bug in CGI multipart parsing which affects Ruby <= 1.8.5 when multipart boundary attribute contains a non-halting regular expression string. cmdparse (2.0.2) Advanced command line parser supporting commands fxri (0.3.6) Graphical interface to the RI documentation, with search engine. fxruby (1.6.6) FXRuby is the Ruby binding to the FOX GUI toolkit. gem_plugin (0.2.2) A plugin system based only on rubygems that uses dependencies only highline (1.2.7) HighLine is a high-level command-line IO library. hpricot (0.4) a swift, liberal HTML parser with a fantastic library log4r (1.0.5) Log4r is a comprehensive and flexible logging library for Ruby. mongrel (1.0.1) A small fast HTTP library and server that runs Rails, Camping, Nitro and Iowa apps. mongrel_cluster (0.2.1) Mongrel plugin that provides commands and Capistrano tasks for managing multiple Mongrel processes. mysql (2.7.3) A win32-native build of the MySQL API module for Ruby. needle (1.3.0) Needle is a Dependency Injection/Inversion of Control container for Ruby. It supports both type-2 (setter) and type-3 (constructor) injection. It takes advantage of the dynamic nature of Ruby to provide a rich and flexible approach to injecting dependencies. net-sftp (1.1.0) Net::SFTP is a pure-Ruby implementation of the SFTP client protocol. net-ssh (1.0.10) Net::SSH is a pure-Ruby implementation of the SSH2 client protocol. piston (1.3.3) Piston is a utility that enables merge tracking of remote repositories. rails (1.2.3) Web-application framework with template engine, control-flow layer, and ORM. rake (0.7.2) Ruby based make-like utility. rcov (0.8.0.2) Code coverage analysis tool for Ruby rmagick (1.14.1) RMagick is an interface between the Ruby programming language and the ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick image processing libraries. rspec (0.9.1, 0.8.2) RSpec-0.9.1 (r1880) - BDD for Ruby http://rspec.rubyforge.org/ sources (0.0.1) This package provides download sources for remote gem installation win32-clipboard (0.4.1) A package for interacting with the Windows clipboard win32-dir (0.3.1) Extra constants and methods for the Dir class on Windows. win32-eventlog (0.4.3) Interface for the MS Windows Event Log. win32-file (0.5.3) Extra or redefined methods for the File class on Windows. win32-file-stat (1.2.3) A File::Stat class tailored to MS Windows win32-process (0.5.1) Adds fork, wait, wait2, waitpid, waitpid2 and a special kill method win32-sapi (0.1.3) An interface to the MS SAPI (Sound API) library. win32-sound (0.4.0) A package for playing with sound on Windows. win32console (1.0.8) A library giving the Win32 console ANSI escape sequence support. windows-pr (0.6.2) Windows functions and constants predefined via Win32API ---------------------------------------------------------------------- >Comment By: David Chelimsky (dchelimsky) Date: 2007-06-06 13:16 Message: OK - looks like the problem is in caller providing a path w/ backslashes in windows. I'll bring back the test for (\/|\) in the regexp and that should fix this. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: Dominic Sisneros (dsisnero) Date: 2007-06-06 05:30 Message: I am getting similar errors on Windows. running ruby-debug 29 elsif opts[:behaviour_type] 30 behaviour_type = opts[:behaviour_type] 31 elsif opts[:spec_path] =~ /spec\/(#{BEHAVIOUR_CLASSES.keys.join('|')})/ 32 behaviour_type = $1.to_sym 33 else 34 behaviour_type = :default 35 end 36 return BEHAVIOUR_CLASSES[behaviour_type].new(*args, &block) 37 end 38 and (rdb:1) eval opts {:spec_path=>"./spec\controllers\cart_controller_spec.rb:30"} so the behaviour_type gets set to :default ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: Aslak Hellesøy (aslak_hellesoy) Date: 2007-06-05 22:49 Message: And what's the file path of the spec? ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: David Chelimsky (dchelimsky) Date: 2007-06-05 12:52 Message: Larry - things have moved around a bit since this was raised. Are you still experiencing the same thing with 1.0.x? ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: Larry Kluger (larrykluger) Date: 2007-05-10 01:20 Message: Hi David, nil seems a bit boring. Please let me know how I can further help track this down. I'm at your service. Larry Source: def create(*args, &block) opts = Hash === args.last ? args.last : {} require 'pp' puts pp(opts) if opts[:shared] key = :default .... result: C:\instant_rails_1.7\InstantRails\rails_apps\am2>ruby script/spec spec/controllers/session_controlle r_spec.rb /config/../vendor/plugins/acts_as_wizard/lib/wizard_setup_filter.rb:2) {} nil C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_eval.rb:95:in `method_missing': undefined method `controller_name' for #<Spec::DSL::EvalModule:0x4810da4> (NoMethodError) from ./spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb:6 from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour.rb:47:in `class_eval' .... ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: David Chelimsky (dchelimsky) Date: 2007-05-09 22:44 Message: Hi Larry - what I'm looking for is not the args, but the options: puts opts.inspect or puts pp(opts) Thanks ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: Larry Kluger (larrykluger) Date: 2007-05-06 20:22 Message: Hi, I changed behaviour_factory.rb to be: def create(*args, &block) opts = Hash === args.last ? args.last : {} require 'pp' puts pp(args) if opts[:shared] .... Here is the output: ["/session/new GET"] nil C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_eval.rb :95:in `method_missing': undefined method `controller_name' for #<Spec::DSL::EvalModule:0x4812b18> ( NoMethodError) .... Larry ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: Larry Kluger (larrykluger) Date: 2007-05-06 20:13 Message: Hi David, I've deleted the rspec gem and plugin. I then installed ver 0.9.3 as plugins per the installation instructions. I added the puts as requested the result was nil, see trace. Aslak, where do I put the lines describe MyController, :behaviour_type => :controller do end ? I tried describe "SessionController", :behaviour_type => :controller do end just after the require statement in my session_controller_spec.rb but received the same problem. Thank you for your help and time on this puzzler. Larry C:\instant_rails_1.7\InstantRails\rails_apps\am2>ruby script/spec spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb nil C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_eval.rb:95:in `method_missing': undefined method `controller_name' for #<Spec::DSL::EvalModule:0x4817d20> (NoMethodError) from ./spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb:4 from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour.rb:47:in `class_eval' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour.rb:47:in `eval_behaviour' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour.rb:29:in `initialize' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec_on_rails/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_factory.rb:44:in `new' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec_on_rails/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_factory.rb:44:in `create' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/runner/extensions/kernel.rb:4:in `context' from ./spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb:3 from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/runner/behaviour_runner.rb:85:in `load' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/runner/behaviour_runner.rb:85:in `load_specs' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/runner/behaviour_runner.rb:84:in `each' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/runner/behaviour_runner.rb:84:in `load_specs' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/runner/behaviour_runner.rb:22:in `run' from C:/instant_rails_1.7/InstantRails/rails_apps/am2/vendor/plugins/rspec/lib/spec/runner/command_line.rb:17:in `run' from script/spec:4 C:\instant_rails_1.7\InstantRails\rails_apps\am2> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: David Chelimsky (dchelimsky) Date: 2007-05-06 11:52 Message: "However, I think maybe the call to caller might yield slightly different values on Windows and Linux/OS X." Now THAT would make sense. Larry, would you kindly apply the patch below, run `script/spec spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb` and show us the output? Thanks Index: rspec_on_rails/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_factory.rb =================================================================== --- rspec_on_rails/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_factory.rb (revision 1893) +++ rspec_on_rails/lib/spec/dsl/behaviour_factory.rb (working copy) @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ # describe "name", :behaviour_type => :view ... def create(*args, &block) opts = Hash === args.last ? args.last : {} + puts opts[:spec_path] if opts[:shared] key = :default elsif opts[:behaviour_type] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: Aslak Hellesøy (aslak_hellesoy) Date: 2007-05-06 11:44 Message: There shouldn't be any need to support Windows style paths with \. Ruby will always report forward slashes for paths, even on Windows. I don't think Regexp support is different on Windows either, that would never slip through the Ruby community. However, I think maybe the call to caller might yield slightly different values on Windows and Linux/OS X. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: David Chelimsky (dchelimsky) Date: 2007-05-06 11:12 Message: Here's the regexp used to determine the path: /spec(\/|\)+(view|helper|controller|model)s/ The (\/|\) is there to support /unix/style and \windows\style paths. This used be to expressed in 4 separate regexps and this release merged them into one. The specs that describe windows style paths still pass, but I'm running them on *nix. Could there be a difference in the way windows is handling regexps? Also, please try this one windows as well: script/spec spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb and let us know if you get the same result. Thanks, David ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: Aslak Hellesøy (aslak_hellesoy) Date: 2007-05-06 10:24 Message: I think the source of this bug is in rspec_on_rails/lib/spec/rails/extensions/kernel.rb This is where Spec::Rails tries to guess what kind of spec this is. Perhaps this behaves differently on windows? Could you investigate this please? ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment By: Aslak Hellesøy (aslak_hellesoy) Date: 2007-05-06 10:10 Message: Hint: Spec::Rails mixes in different modules for specs depending on whether it thinks it is a model spec, controller spec, view spec or helper spec. Your error tells me that the controller mixin wasn't included. RSpec decides what to mix in by looking at the folder of your spec. If it's under spec/controllers this should happen automatically (and apparently this is buggy on windows). Just to verify this theory (and work around it until a fix has been committed), you could try to be explicit about it: describe MyController, :behaviour_type => :controller do end ---------------------------------------------------------------------- You can respond by visiting: http://rubyforge.org/tracker/?func=detail&atid=3149&aid=10534&group_id=797


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Bourne in Montreal - Part Four
June 30, 2008. Posted by Michael Bourne.Add new comment | Filed under: bass and drums, becca, brunch, cherrier, clarinet, clarinetist, creperie, de stefano, definite contender, dozen blocks, FIJM, new orleans jazz, new orleans jazz band, place des arts, Places and Spaces, playing music, quintet, soloist, trombonist, ups, vets, woody allen
Day Four Sunday June 29th
Amy's favorite for brunch, Cafe Cherrier, with Amy, Becca, and Michele. I don't have to walk a dozen blocks to my own favorite for brunch, Eggspectation, now that they've opened another creperie on the corner of Place des Arts.
Almost to the minute at 6, thunder rumbled, and rain fell just as the quintet of guitarist Reno de Stefano started playing. I hate umbrellas but I needed to be under to write notes for the judging, but I didn't have much to write. Most of the groups in the competition are younger players, but all the cats in DeStefano's quintet are jazz vets, or, as I noted, "grown-ups." They've been around. They know how to play tunes on the changes hiply. They swing. They can't win the prize.
Avi Granite 6 is a definite contender. Even as they walked out, I could see the "thing" was about to happen. Granite plays guitar with a front line of alto, tenor, and trombone. They played out but tunefully right from the jump, and the groove from the bass and drums was always propulsive. Each of the players was a solid soloist. Granite himself played guitar as if playing beyond the strings, as if playing the very electricity of the amp. They often looked quite serious yet were often whimsical, especially the trombonist. Avi Granite 6 is the group to beat.
Woody Allen played to the multi-thousands of the big hall, Salle Wilfrid Pelletier. I wondered if so many came because they expected him to be funny. Except for saying hello and saying they'd be playing music from New Orleans, he was there to play clarinet. When he first played, he was squeaky, he articulated notes somewhat awkwardly, and some in the audience tittered, thinking maybe he was being funny. He was not. Woody Allen is a tremendously adequate clarinetist, but he plays with considerable spirit, as do they all in what was called Woody Allen and His New Orleans Jazz Band. They played and sometimes sang (everyone but Woody) blues and songs from the 20's. When they whipped up the second line, Woody's clarinet sounded best and truly soared above the romping and stomping. Woody thanked everyone, said this was his first time ever in Montreal. "Playing this music for you was a treat for us," he said. And at the finale, the multi-thousands stood and roared for more. "I don't think they expected a reaction like this," said Michele. Woody and the guys came back out, nodding thanks, and Eddy Davis, banjoist and the actual leader of the band, nodded his head toward the bandstand. So they played not only more, but a lot more, including an ecstatic "Saint Louis Blues."
We were in a room overlooking the big GM stage on the Place and, even in the rain, the crowd was dancing to a reggae/funk show called Jamaica to Toronto. Michele lives in Portland, so she's used to the rain. We walked through the "spitting" to the Club Soda, but as we passed one of the tents for SIMM, the festival's free Salon des Instruments de Musique de Montreal, 50 or 60 folks were thundering on hand drums. Steve's Music Store in Montreal was conducting a drum-along. Everyone who came in, including us, was handed an African hand drum and welcomed to join in the rhythmic rumble. Invigorated from the drumming, we came to Club Soda for one of the midnight shows. This was where, two years ago, as I wrote in the piece I posted on the WBGO blog last week, I realized how much jazz is re-defined at the Montreal jazzfest. You can hear the full-tilt New Orleans trad of Woody Allen and then hear the electro-klezmer-hip-hip of the group Socalled. I'm not kidding: klezmer rap. I was the oldest in the house, but, as always in Montreal, I was game ...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Skip to comments.Intelligence Shows No Planning for Benghazi Consulate Attack (Barf)
Posted on 10/20/2012 6:15:15 PM PDT by Sleeping Freeper
The latest intelligence assessment of the attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi indicates there was little if any pre-planning for it and that it was in part an opportunistic response to the protests at the U.S. Embassy in Cairo.
Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans were killed in the attack, which has become a political hot potato in the presidential campaign with questions over when the Obama administration called the attack an act of terrorism.
Right now, there isnt any intelligence that the attackers pre-planned their assault days or weeks in advance, said a U.S. intelligence official. The bulk of available information supports the early assessment that the attackers launched their assault opportunistically after they learned about the violence at the U.S. Embassy in Cairo. But the official added that no one is ruling out that some of the attackers may have aspired to attack the U.S. in Benghazi.
Republican lawmakers have seized on U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Susan Rices comments on Sunday talk shows days on September 16 attributing the deadly Benghazi attack to spontaneous protests against an anti-Muslim film made in the U.S. that had been posted on the Internet. As more information emerged they pointed to the use of mortars and RPGs in the attack as indicating it was not a spontaneous protest as the Obama administration had claimed, but an act of terrorism.
Rices comments were based on talking points she had been provided by the intelligence community. The intelligence official said those talking points were written for members of Congress and senior U.S. officials so they could say something preliminary about the attacks.
(Excerpt) Read more at abcnews.go.com ...
Stevens emails tell a different story
What a joke....This is the lead story at abcnews.com:
MI6 and the Israelis knew Al Quada was there and said so.
The random attackers had ... Mortars?
Mortar fire killed the two ex SEALs.
Sounds like a typical YouTube riot to me...
Reads like an Obama press release.
Also note these new "the situation is still under investigation so the source asked to remain anonymous."
I. e.
the situation will be swept under the rug until post election.
This re ersal helps us and shows they're in disarray. The QRT who were helicoptered in by emergency were ambushed and reported that it was done by professionals who behaved as if they KNEW they were coming.
The bigger US QRT in south Italy was only a 1hr flight away but just SAT on the tarmac.
A group had gathered. FALSE. Was all quiet and the Ambassador went to sleep. The attackers arrived suddenly and all together. They carried AK47s, RPGs, and mortars.
They really are trying to keep the spontaneous riot lie going this late into the game? Sad.
They just provided Hussein cover for Monday night - he can say he was right about the attack from the beginning, that present intelligence says he was right, so screw you Romney.
It WAS written by Cutter and Axelrod.
Just you wait and see, Obama will pitch his chin up and intone:
"Our intelligence officers still have not been able to determine what exactly happened ... I implore my opponent to refrain further politicization of this tragedy (sniff, sniff ...). By the way, bin Laden is dead, GM is alive, and al Qaeda is on its heels, so all is well in the world!"
Too thin, Axelrod, too thin.
"Al Qaeda Plants Its Flag in Libya
By Sherif Elhelwa
Posted by: photo2
It was here at the courthouse in Benghazi where the first spark of the Libyan revolution ignited. Its the symbolic seat of the revolution; post-Gaddafi Libyas equivalent of Egypts Tahrir Square. And it was here, in the tumultuous months of civil war, that the ragtag rebel forces established their provisional government and primitive, yet effective, media center from which to tell foreign journalists about their fight for freedom.
But according to multiple eyewitnessesmyself includedone can now see both the Libyan rebel flag and the flag of al Qaeda fluttering atop Benghazis courthouse.
According to one Benghazi resident, Islamists driving brand-new SUVs and waving the black al Qaeda flag drive the citys streets at night shouting, "Islamiya, Islamiya! No East, nor West," a reference to previous worries that the country would be bifurcated between Gaddafi opponents in the east and the pro-Gaddafi elements in the west.
Earlier this week, I went to the Benghazi courthouse and confirmed the rumors: an al Qaeda flag was clearly visible; its Arabic script declaring that there is no God but Allah and a full moon underneath. When I tried to take pictures, a Salafi-looking guard, wearing a green camouflage outfit, rushed towards me and demanded to know what I was doing. My response was straightforward: I was taking a picture of the flag. He gave me an intimidating look and hissed, "Whomever speaks ill of this flag, we will cut off his tongue. I recommend that you don't publish these. You will bring trouble to yourself.
He followed me inside the courthouse, but luckily my driver Khaled was close by, and interceded on my behalf. According to Khaled, the guard had angrily threatened to harm me. When I again engaged him in conversation, he told me "this flag is the true flag of Islam," and was unresponsive when I argued with him that historically Islam has never been represented by a single flag. The guard claimed repeatedly that there is no al Qaeda in Libya, and that the flag flying atop the courthouse is dark black, while the al Qaeda flag is charcoal black. To many locals, its a distinction without a difference. One man approached me with a friendly warning: "I recommend that you leave now; [the Islamist fighters] could be watching you."
But none of this should be surprising. In Tripoli, Abdelhakim Belhaj, a well-known al Qaeda fighter and founder of the notorious Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), is now leading the rebel military counsel in Tripoli. A few weeks ago, Belhaj ordered his fighters to take command of the Tripoli airport, then controlled by a group of Zintan fighters, a brigade of Berber Libyans who helped liberate the capital from Gaddafi loyalists. A few days later, Belhaj gave a speech emphasizing that his actions had the blessings of Libyas National Transitional Counsel (NTC), who appointed him to the leadership of Tripolis military command.
According to a Libyan who didn't want to be named, a special military group inside the NTC is calling on Salafi fighters with military backgrounds to join a special group fighting in the rebellion. "There will be special benefits if you join whether you die in battle, or when you return home, including monthly salaries. (One NTC source told me that Belhajs fighters are the only rebel fighters who receive a monthly salary.)
In a recent speech heralding the new beginning of post-Gaddafi Libya, Moustafa Abdeljalil, the head of the NTC, declared the country an Islamic state, and sharia law is the source of all our laws." It was indeed an odd declaration for a leader celebrating his countrys liberation, leading many to wonder: Who are Abdeljalil and the NTC trying to appease?
It isnt uncommon to discover rebels with radical backgrounds. In an off-the-record interview, one NTC member spoke casually of his past, explaining that the Gaddafi regime blacklisted him from the country for his ties to LIFG. He told me of his close association with Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, the infamous blind cleric jailed for his involvement in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, who he helped ferry across the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan during the mujahedeen fight against the Soviet Union.
The war to rid the country of the Gaddafi dictatorship might have ended, but the battle for control of post-revolutionary Libya has only just begun. And it will surprise few that assorted radicals, jihadists, Salafists, and LIFG veterans are attempting to fill the power vacuum and replace one dictatorship with another.
Meet the guys who kicked the Gaddafi regime out of the Benghazi courthouse in our Rebels of Libya documentary."
By Sherif Elhelwa
22tula says:
September 12, 2012 at 9:09 pm
Al-Qaeda Leader Ayman Al-Zawahiri: Rise against Global Order of Injustice
MEMRI TV September 11, 2012
Al_Zawahri personally ordered Al Qaeda to murder US Ambassador Stevens
DEBKAfile September 12, 2012
Arab Spring Explodes in Attacks Against America
by Clare M. Lopez September 12, 2012
The Frank Gaffney Show
Secure Freedom Radio September 12, 2012
Ok so....if a six hour firefight with billowing smoke and heavy and accurate use of MOTAR CREWS begins SPONTANEOUSLY then that is a sufficient reason for HUNDREDS of people at TWELVE ops centers to take NO military action...?
Am I reading you clearly, there...?
No planning, they just whipped those Mortars out of their Jeans and got funky.
Somebody thinks we are idiots.
Imagine how it'd turned out had they planned it! They even got the safe house (on a whim) and attacked vehicles all the way to the hospital w/Stevens. /s
What a relief.. For a minute there I thought Benghazi was a terrorist attack! /s
"Hey Dilbert-that Yankee just pinched your sister's behind. Go git the mortar."
This was Barry's Blackhawk Down....errr....Hawk BACKDOWN..?
Imagine that we go back in time and after Mogadishu Bubba said, ah well the Aideed resistance that day built up pretty SPONTANEOUSLY...
Would anyone have taken him seriously...? Yet NOW that is precisely thereaction they expect —why...?
The tail wags the dog. The CIA rewrites its finding to fit the narrative of a crooked politician at election time. I think the whistleblowers will come out of the woodwork now.
The intelligence shows the terrorist attack was planned THEN the protest were planned to correspond with the attack to provide a cover story and make it appear as if the terrorist are so in tune with the news they can carry out an attack at the drop of a hat based on what is in the news instead of having to orchestrate the news for the attack.
Been there and done that before, it was in January 2006 with the release of the UBL tape.
Just in time for the Sunday talk shows...with enough coverage ENMASSE by the lying drive by media on Monday.
That has been proven to be BS for a couple of weeks now and ABC is still trying to cover for Obama.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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December 27, 2007. Posted by Joshua Jackson.Add new comment | Filed under: Digital Life, Discovery, Diversions, Jazz Osmosis, Riff, Uncategorized, WBGO Community Events
Welcome to WBGO's newest addition - our very own blog. We were planning to start this project on January 1st, but frankly, we're just too excited. So why wait?
Keep visiting this space to learn more about the people that drive this broadcast bus each and every day. We'll talk jazz, culture, and whatever else comes to mind. And if you like what you see, you can subscribe to the blog, as you would a magazine. Best part? It's free.
We're very excited to present this new way of communicating to our listeners, our friends, our members, and to those of you who are none of the above.
Whatever your status, we simply say "Welcome," just like one of my favorite Coltrane pieces...
Josh Jackson


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Nikki Randhawa Haley was elected the 116th Governor of South Carolina on Tuesday, November 2, 2010.
One of the strongest fiscal conservatives in state government, Nikki was first elected to represent the 87th District in Lexington County in 2004, when, as a virtual unknown, she beat the longest serving state legislator in a Republican primary. In 2008, Representative Haley was sent back to the Statehouse with 83 percent of the vote – the highest percentage earned by any lawmaker facing a contested South Carolina election that year. She won the Republican Party nomination for governor on Tuesday, June 22, 2010.
Her time in Columbia has been marked by conservative leadership and an unwavering commitment to the taxpayers' bottom line. She has fought wasteful spending at every turn, pushed for smaller, more efficient government, and led the fight for accountability and transparency that, before her arrival, was sorely lacking in the Legislature.
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Local Soldier Ready To Accept Final Tour Of Duty
A local soldier is ready to leave a benchmark military career behind him after one more tour of duty.
Petty Officer 1st Class Philip C. Bartholomew plans on making it 20 years in the Navy before hanging up his uniform. However, despite having a long, productive career with the Navy, it was not the branch of his choice when he enlisted.
"Although he is third generation Navy, Philip was planning to join the Air Force until an injury put a hold on his enlistment date," said Linda Bartholomew, Philip's mother. "A year later, a Navy recruiter called his childhood home hoping to speak to his older brother Jason, and the rest is history."
Bartholomew has had the opportunity to see the world during his tenure in the Navy.
Originally a 1996 graduate of Levant Christian School, he enlisted in the U.S. Navy in May of 1997. Upon completion of Surface Sonar "A" school and Information Technology Assistance Support Service Maintenance Training at Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare base in San Diego, Calif., he was stationed aboard the USS Laboon – home ported in Norfolk, Va. After six years of sea duty, Bartholomew was selected for orders to Command Undersea Surveillance in Virginia Beach, Va.; followed by a four-year tour in Yokosuka, Japan, under Commander Naval Forces Japan.
According to his mother, it was a pleasure for Bartholomew to serve in Japan.
"Philip had enjoyed all aspects and experiences of the Navy thus far, particularly starting a family and living in Japan," said Mrs. Bartholomew.
Currently, Bartholomew is stationed at Naval Undersea Warfare Command in Newport, R.I. His technical expertise supports Naval systems engineering, Naval in-service support and foreign military sales missions. In 2011, Bartholomew was selected as Naval Underwater Warfare Center Division Newport and NUWC Headquarters Sailor of the Year.
Following his final tour of duty, Bartholomew is interested in pursuing a career as a technology teacher through the Troops to Teachers program. He has earned an associate degree in general studies and is currently working toward a bachelor's degree of computer science from Columbia College of Missouri.
Bartholomew lives with his wife and two children in Portsmouth, R.I.


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Qais Akbar Omar (GRS'16), a graduate student in the Creative Writing Program, has published a much-praised memoir, A Fort of Nine Towers: An Afghan Family Story. He recalls how the violence and tumult of civil war jolted his family, who, despite losing relatives, their home, and possessions, continued to nurture his wish to attend a university.
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Congratulations on finishing the fall semester, and thank you for a great year. We have accomplished much and have plans to make next year even better for the College and Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Read More
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Interactive Metronome
The Interactive Metronome (IM) is a computer-based training program shown to improve attention, coordination and timing in children and adults with a wide range of cognitive and physical difficulties including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Attention, coordination and timing difficulties have been linked to developmental, behavioral and learning problems. This innovative program provides a non-invasive way to stimulate learning and development.
How it works
The program typically involves 15 one-hour sessions over a 3 to 5 week period. During each session, the computer produces a rhythmic beat through headphones. As the participant listens, he/she must anticipate the beat and perform various hand and foot exercises for a high number of repetitions. Auditory guide tones provide immediate feedback, letting the participant know if the response was on time, early or late.
The difference between the participants' response and the actual beat is measured in milliseconds and presented as a score. A lower IM score indicates improved accuracy and timing. Research has clearly shown that the brain learns through repetition of precise activities. By keeping the beat, the brain is trained to plan, sequence and process information more effectively.
Benefits of IM
The March/April 2001 issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy identified five core areas of statistically significant improvements gained through the IM training program:
- Attention and Focus
- Motor Control and Coordination
- Language Processing
- Reading and Math Fluency
- Ability to Regulate Aggression / Impulsivity
Other studies have shown significant correlations between Interactive Metronome and academic achievement in mathematics, language, reading and attention to task. The IM program has also proven to be a powerful tool for improving both the physical and mental aspects of athletic performance.


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Matt Kenseth, the 2003 champion, seems to have been reinvigorated with crew chief Jason Ratcliff and his move to Joe Gibbs Racing
KANSAS CITY, Kan. — Matt Kenseth's move to Joe Gibbs Racing was the best-kept secret in NASCAR last season, with the news breaking barely ahead of the year's most stunning driver signing.
Perhaps it's because the 2003 champion consulted only one person — his wife, Katie — about the most momentous decision of his 14-season career in NASCAR's premier series.
"I didn't really tell anybody else about it," Kenseth said Sunday after scoring his second consecutive victory on the new pavement at Kansas Speedway. "I didn't really need to. It wasn't really a hard decision, believe it or not."
SUNDAY: Kenseth wins STP 400 from pole
After two victories in his first eight starts in the No. 20 Toyota, Kenseth has many people believing.
In staving off a furious charge by Kasey Kahne in the closing laps of the STP 400, Kenseth salvaged what was an otherwise disastrous day for JGR — carrying the flag for an organization that he joined in earnest five months ago after completing a 13-season run with Roush Fenway Racing.
Kenseth, who held off Kasey Kahne Sunday in Kansas, earned his second win of the year. NASCAR
Kenseth, a laconic native of blue-collar Cambridge, Wis., always seemed a perfect fit at Roush, where he scored 24 victories and the 2003 title. But the chemistry seems even stronger with new teammates Denny Hamlin and Kyle Busch at JGR — just as its family brain trust expected.
"We've always wanted Matt here," team President J.D. Gibbs said. "Denny and Kyle have given him the leadership role, and Matt is happy to take it on, and it's just a great connection. They look to Matt and realize he has enough experience, and he's gifted behind the wheel."
KYLE BUSCH: Rough weekend at Kansas Speedway
DENNY HAMLIN: Tweets about Joey Logano's crash
Kenseth made the Chase for the Sprint Cup in all but one season from 2004-12, but he seems to have been reinvigorated with crew chief Jason Ratcliff. He has led six of eight races for 482 laps (two more than in 36 races last season), and he is eighth in points with two victories, putting him in firm position for another Chase berth.
In winning from the pole for the second time in his career, Kenseth made it three weeks in a row that a pole-sitter had won in NASCAR's premier series (the last time that happened was in August-September 1985).
ANNOYED: David Gilliland tells Danica Patrick: 'Shut up and race'
RICKY STENHOUSE: Ties best career Cup finish
Kenseth had a typically droll answer for that stat ("I mean, the fastest car is supposed to win, right?") and was typically straightforward in explaining the strength of JGR.
"One of our cars could have won every race if everything would have worked out," he said. "We've had cars that have been capable of running in the top three or four every week.
"Did I expect that? I kind of did. I hate to say I'm a glass half-empty guy, but instead of talking about it, I like to do it. I don't like to make predictions. But I couldn't have had a better feeling about it all when I decided to (join JGR), and certainly that feeling hasn't changed. I think Jason is a special guy. It's a special organization."
Yet Kenseth's win was the only positive takeaway Sunday for JGR, whose Toyotas of Busch, Brian Vickers (driving for injured Hamlin) and Elliott Sadler finished outside of the top 30 because of wrecks.
Meanwhile, Hendrick Motorsports rebounded from uncharacteristically slow speeds in practice and qualifying to place all four of its drivers in the top 16 (Kahne second, Jimmie Johnson third, Jeff Gordon 13th and Dale Earnhardt Jr. 16th). Michael Waltrip Racing, which has struggled to match last year's results, had its best day of 2013, putting all three of its cars in the top 10 for the first time in 2013; Martin Truex Jr. was fourth, Clint Bowyer fifth and Mark Martin ninth.
Because it's in the Chase along with four more 1.5-mile tracks, Kansas often can be a barometer for the title battle, and the comebacks by Hendrick and defending series champion Brad Keselowski (sixth despite sustaining damage to his No. 2 Ford) made a statement.
But the biggest statement belonged to Kenseth, who led 163 of 267 laps and the final 52 after Ricky Stenhouse Jr. (driving Kenseth's former No. 17 Ford) was caught by a caution just after a green-flag pit stop.
"Matt is an awesome race car driver," five-time champion Johnson said. "He impresses me in his ability to lead the team and make adjustments and his knowledge of the car. It doesn't surprise me to see the success he's having."
Follow Nate Ryan on Twitter @nateryan


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With what's happening to the price of gold, I thought that was a bad thing. I thought I should ask a Q about cheese on the non-sauce/tomato thread. I don't want to get slapped around by the moderators. Besides, I was hoping for specific recommendations.
Uh-oh, I forgot to tell you that I'm dense enough to stop neutrinos in their tracks. Now I get it.
Heinz can get more money for their tomatoes selling under a different name and possibly through a different retailer(s).
Has anyone tried to drain a can of the Classico whole tomatoes and run then through a food processor or hit them with a stick blended to see how they compare with the crushed tomatoes ? My Walmart has quite a few cans of the whole tomatoes left on the shelf, maybe I'll do a little experimenting and see what happens. In the past I have never had much luck with this procedure, the already canned crushed always taste better then the blended whole tomatoes.
BUT, I will also enjoy that BM!
BM redox, not BJ (unfortunately!)
If you had the brain of a 5th grader, like I do, you'd know I meant BM.
I made pizza tonight using the Classico whole tomatoes which I had drained well and then processed the tomatoes with a stick blender. Truthfully, just not as good as the Classico crushed or ground tomatoes. This is exactly what I have encountered in the past, when comparing a brands crushed tomatoes with whole tomatoes processed as stated, the whole tomatoes never taste as good.
better stock up if you can find them, because something tells me that the Classico's are gonna be gone forever soon!
They really are good.
I can still get 6-1, just in #10 cans.


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National Orientation Conference Call
Pact's National Orientation Conference Call
Pact helps pre-adoptive parents wanting to adopt African American, Latino, Asian, Native American and multiracial children born anywhere in the United States. The majority of our placements involve at least one adoptive parent who shares the racial or ethnic heritage of their child. Learn more about adopting a child of color through Pact during our no obligation orientation conference calls.
This orientation conference call is open to ALL participants who are interested in learning more about Pact's adoption process at no cost. Call-in instructions will be emailed upon registration.
Pricing Description:
This a FREE event.


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Oxford campus users only.
An index to articles in scholarly humanities and social science journals from 1907-1984, this provides very good author and subject indexing of the most important journals in these fields. Combines the indexing of International Index (1907-1965), the Social Sciences and Humanities Index (1965-74), Humanities Index (1974-84), and Social Sciences Index (1974-84).
Miami University has a long and proud tradition of student involvement in both radio and television productions. This exhibit will celebrate five decades of students in broadcasting. Many of these productions can be found online in the WMUB Archives. For questions about the exhibit, contact Marcus Ladd at email@example.com or (513) 529-0462.
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A man of many hats, Bricker reflects on his Miami Libraries career
Grabach maps an ambitious course for retirement
Havighurst Special Collections included in $2.3 million estate gift
Staff Spotlight—Thom Gerrish


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These programs reflect the university's direct impact in the community and provide links to the many activities where faculty, staff and students extend into the community across the state and nation to share their research and expertise.
University of Maryland
Please use the links provided below to navigate the outreach listings by school/department, category or program. You can search for a specific outreach program using the search field above.Schools/Departments | Categories | Programs
Howard Peters Rawlings Center for Public Leadership Outreach Information:Please click on the links below to go to outreach websites (where available).
Schools/Department(s) associated with Howard Peters Rawlings Center for Public Leadership:
Please click on the links below to view all programs associated with the school or department.


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Landon Metal Pendants
- Overview
Our easy pendant lamp glows with color and light. The tiered design has a fun retro look and a shiny finish.
- 10.25" diameter, 9.75" high
- Made of iron.
- Hardwire; professional installation recommended.
- UL-listed.
- Dimensions & Care
- Shade: 10.25" diameter, 9.75" high
- Bulb: 60 watts, type A (not included
- Weight: 1.25 pounds
- Dust with a soft, dry cloth.
- To protect the finish, do not apply abrasives or household cleaners.
- Clean with a soft dry, cloth or static duster.
- Do not exceed specified wattage.
- Shipping & Return Info
This is a general shipping item.
View Our Shipping Information
Return Policy
At Pottery Barn Kids, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction is our priority. We carefully inspect your order prior to shipment; upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage. We will arrange for a prompt replacement. If, within 7 days for Quick Ship upholstery and 30 days for all other products, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value.
If your return for Merchandise Credit Cards is greater than $10,000, we will issue $10,000 in Merchandise Credit Cards to you that day, and then mail additional Merchandise Credit Card(s) for the amount in excess of $10,000 to you.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. We also cannot accept returns of final-sale items, which are identified by a price that ends in $0.99.
For returns of items purchased from your Pottery Barn Kids registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later.
For assistance, please contact Customer Service at 800.993.4923
International Returns: Online returns are available only for items that were shipped to the United States. If you would like to return items that were shipped outside the US, please see International Returns and Exceptions.


text: Home Shows & Schedule The Secret Life Of Secret Life of Donuts The Secret Life Of Hosted by Jim O'Connor and George Duran Email MainEpisodes Secret Life of Donuts They came to America as olykoeks or "oily cakes" and have taken the country - and our stomachs - by storm. They're donuts, fried pieces of dough that have delighted folks for centuries. We look at the origin of the donut in Holland, the historical roots of the donut hole and why everyone from policemen to U.S. Presidents have fallen for this delectable treat. (Episode: SF1A08) Previous Episode Secret Life of Chili Next Episode Secret Life of Colas


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Degree studies in Commerce and Engineering
Who can apply
SA citizens interested in full-time undergraduate
studies at the University of Johannesburg, the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pretoria University and Wits University in the fields of
. Only applicants with an NSC with degree endorsement and at least a level 5 rating (60%) for Mathematics and English First Additional Language, or Matric Exemption and a minimum "C" symbol (Higher Grade) for Maths and English or an NSC will be considered.
SA citizens interested in
Mechanical Engineering
degree studies at the University of Johannesburg, the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pretoria University and Wits University. Only applicants with an NSC with degree endorsement and at least a level 5 rating (60%) for Mathematics, Physical Science and English First Additional Language, or Matric Exemption and a minimum "C" symbol (Higher Grade) for Maths, Science and English will be considered.
Preference is given to
current Grade 12 learners
matriculated applicants waiting for a study opportunity
full-time students in their first year studying towards degrees specified above.
Bursary amount
R40,000 to R90,000 (max) p.a.
Main selection criteria
: Academic merit and financial need.
Instructions for submission of application forms
Applications will only be considered if completed in full and if all the supporting documents have been included and signed by the applicant. Documents that accompany the application form must be certified:
1.A copy of your
mid-year/June examination
results. If you are not studying this year, send a copy of your latest exam results, together with an explanation of what you are doing this year. This is essential as the exam results play an important role in the selection process.
Matric/NSC results
: If you have already completed matric/NSC, include your results, together with your latest tertiary (June) results. This is compulsory for all tertiary students.
: One testimonial from a responsible educational official, e. g. your principal or lecturer and the other by a community, political or spiritual leader. Use the testimonial forms in the application form or attach suitable testimonials.
4.Write an
on your life on the page included. Use additional pages if necessary. This must be written by you. Your parent, guardian or friend may write a letter of recommendation.
5.Proof of
* of parent(s), guardian or spouse (*e.g. payslip, letter from employer, sworn statement or tax return statement).
6.A copy of your South African
Please apply timeously for admission to the university of technology of your choice. Consult the website of the relevant universities of technology for their application deadlines.
Career advice is available from SAQA Career Advice Services: Helpline Number: 0860 111 673; or sms / email your question to 0722045056 /
When completing the application form, please clearly specify the exact degree programme for which you need a bursary, the name of the educational institution where you plan to study and the year of study.
Changing your degree programme after submitting your application form may lead to a cancellation of the bursary, if granted.
No bursaries are available for private tertiary institutions.
Application procedure
Applicants could either complete the online application form or request a hardcopy application form to be sent by e-mail or surface mail.
·For applying online, please follow
this link
. Indicate in the relevant space that you are applying for an AVI bursary.
·For receiving an application form by e-mail, please request one in one of two ways:
o sms the word
and your surname, initials and e-mail address to 31022. Standard rates apply.
o send an e-mail message ("Please send me a bursary application form") to
download an application form
from the
Studietrust website.
For requesting a hardcopy application form to be sent to you by surface mail, you may select any of the following methods:
sms the word
and your surname, initials, postal address and postal code to 31022. Standard rates apply.
send an e-mail message with your surname, initials, postal address and postal code to
send a letter with your surname, initials, postal address and postal code to: The National Director, Studietrust, PO Box 29192, Melville, 2109.
Closing dates:
The closing date for requesting an application form is
31 August
The closing date for submitting your completed application form with all supporting documents is
30 September
. This deadline applies to all modes of application.
Acknowledgement of receipt
Studietrust (AVI's bursary administrator) receives thousands of application forms each year and it is therefore not possible for us to acknowledge receipt of all completed forms. All applications will be considered and selection will take place from September to December. All applicants will be notified of the outcome not later than 31 December.
Contact Studietrust if you need more information:


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SentrySafe - Fire Safe Two Drawer File
- $ 348 00 348.00
- Shipping
About this item
With fire protection that starts at the core, this new patent pending design is 35% lighter, for easier mobility around the office. Designed with today's small office in mind, this new water-resistant fire file provides unsurpassed protection for all your business documents and digital records that are stored on CD, DVDs, and USB drives, and memory sticks.
This new design lighter than others, but still carries the UL classification for fire protection for 1 hour at 1700F for documents and digital media as well as a UL classified explosion hazard resistance to protect contents in case of sudden exposure to intense heat. This file also has ETL verified water protection against sprinkler and water spray exposure. The drawer layout flexibility accommodates letter and legal size file folders and has easy to use recessed handles with label holders.
- 35% lighter for easier mobility
- Protects paper documents, digital media, and valuables
- UL classified fire protection for 1 hour at 1700F
- ETL verified water protection
- Accommodates letter and legal size file folders
- Easy to use recessed handles with label holders
Assembled Country
Assembled Size
- 21"L x 18.6"W x 27.8"H
- 184 lbs.


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LEED Green Associate, Founder & President | Total Flooring LLC
What does it mean to have a "green" department or "green" flooring company? Where is the green boom that we have been waiting for?
I'm going to start about 20 years ago with the dot-com boom. It was a classic case of the promise outrunning the process. We all knew that it was going to be the wave of the future but how could we get from the present to the future quickly, and how could it be translated into revenues? The answer with the dot-com was that it had to develop naturally.
A lot of money exchanged hands on the promise and a lot of money was lost on the process. The industry needed time to evolve. The same is true about sustainable flooring.
I have been in the flooring business for nearly 20 years and I've seen the ups and downs of the industry and how they have impacted local retailers.
About seven years ago, I started to focus on sustainable flooring. I tried to soak up as much knowledge as possible. I knew that this was the wave of the future and I wanted to be a front-runner in order to make money, and hopefully survive the crash.
I've exhibited at numerous Earth Day events; founded an environmental business networking group (EcoNet); and, sought out the environmental leaders in the Washington metro area. I became a sponge for information, earning my LEED Green Associate accreditation.
Exhibiting in Green trade shows, events and festivals are much different than the average home show. Man these properly, choose the most knowledgeable salespeople on your staff.
Visitors at these events are well informed and up to date on your products. Be ready to explain manufacturing techniques, footprint, off gassing and recycling. I usually see three types of environmental consumers attending — ones that focus on indoor air quality; others that focus on sustainability/ recycling/ landfills; and, ones that focus on all of the above. Aeparate yourself from the next company by having good, up to date and correct information.
Display visuals such as raw bamboo and cork. Ask your local reps for these, they will almost always have them available. This makes it interesting for the kids and allows you time to explain your products. I operate on a "six second" rule. A visitor browsing should be able to know who you are and why you're there in six seconds. Keep your signage direct, eco-friendly and to the point. Try to limit hand outs. If you have them, make sure the paper, etc., is eco-friendly.
A fair percentage of visitors that attend green trade shows are just looking for information, be ready to help (they can be future clients), but you are there for the immediate customers as well. You want to be the company that knows their products, uses best practices and has answered all of their questions. This will separate you from all other flooring exhibitors.
Just selling wool, bamboo or cork floors doesn't make you a green business and it won't have environmentally conscious customers beating down your doors. The real path to being a green company is more in the procedures, not the products. The environmental consumer today is much more knowledgeable than six years ago.
There won't be a big boom in sustainable flooring sales. It will gain traction naturally and at its own pace. It is a process that has started and continues to evolve with manufacturers taking the necessary steps to be in the forefront with honors such as FCW's GreenStep awards. There is no perfect path — every company chooses its own course of action.
Instead of an "eco boom," sustainability will just be the way that things are done in the future. The retailers that adopt best practices will be the ones that are recognized. A good start is a zero-landfill policy; another is regional materials; and, always having good local community involvement.
Environmental practices will definitely generate leads and revenues. It takes patience, knowledge and commitment. Put into place more than just a section of the showroom labeled "Green Flooring". Integrate and keep up with best practices, let people know what you are doing, and your company will be recognized.
Social media has become a valuable tool; use it to tell how you are caring for the environment, and local organizations. That's where your leads and revenue will stem from. As the market for sustainable products continues to rise, so will your company.
Get involved with a local GreenDrinks chapter, seek out EcoBroker firms and participate in local organizations. The business will come when you make green a lifestyle, then a livelihood.
Chad Durbin can be reached at email@example.com
Chad Durbin


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Chronicles of a Dustball
Dusty Olson can paddle Class-5 rapids, ski masterfully over moguls and outrun most people, no matter the distance. He's also one of the funniest people in ultrarunning. He just hasn't had the chance to show everyone.
"[Dusty's] been a lot of places and been in a lot of situations that lend themselves to good stories..." Here, Olson on a run near Chamonix, France.
To know Dusty Olson is to know his laugh. It's also the easiest way to spot him.
Not much about him stands out among other Minnesotans. His 6-foot-2 frame, imposing and athletic by most standards, is just a touch above average in a place where Norse ancestry is the norm. His trademark hair, often swept back and reaching his shoulders, is shorter these days.
But that bellowing guffaw—which is easy to bring on—is pure Tommy Chong.
I first heard the laugh at a book-signing event for Born to Run in a Minneapolis suburb. I was sitting in the back next to Olson as author Christopher McDougall espoused the benefits of barefoot running to an attentive crowd.
"Yeah, I run barefoot," Olson whispered, cackling. "Like when the husband comes home early. I can run barefoot fast, man!"
Scott Jurek—returning to his home state—had been billed as the guest of honor for the event. A few dozen people showed up for a chance to run with the Western States icon but were pleasantly surprised to find Olson, whom they knew from the book, there as well. At Jurek's urging, he took part in the Q&A, where he held forth on two main topics: first, that he inspired Jurek to run his first ultra, and, second, that he often swore at Jurek when crewing for him. While he was answering questions, something about his demeanor seemed different than that of the vaunted runner or the author.
It wasn't that Olson, 38, seemed out of place taking questions from Born to Run devotees, and it wasn't that he was annoyed to take part in the event; Jurek introduced him as a friend and treated him like an equal, and Olson seemed happy to be there. It was that he seemed to have more fun sitting in the back, peddling snark.
The Untold Story
"[Dusty]'s been a lot of places and been in a lot of situations that lend themselves to good stories, so he's a lot of fun to run with," says Kurt Decker, who manages a running store in the Twin Cities and is active in the local ultra scene. "He'll have these hilarious stories and one-liners, and with some of them you think, 'Well, I'm glad we're in the woods and the only ones hearing this.'"
He has clocked a 3:08 at Oregon's Bendistillery 50K, and has twice placed in the top 10 at the competitive White River 50-Mile. In the 1990s he was an elite cross-country skier, winning Junior Nationals in the 15K skate in 1993, winning the prestigious Pepsi Challenge race and placing high in the American Birkebeiner. In 1995 Olson completed a solo circumnavigation of Lake Superior in a kayak.
But you might not know that if you came to know him the way most people have: as part of the Scott Jurek story. Immortalized by Born to Run and, more recently, Jurek's memoir, Eat and Run, the caricature of Olson has fit a consistent mold—he is the free-wheeling, foul-mouthed sidekick, the skier who was more talented in high school, who convinced "Jerker" to try his first ultra and who, after Jurek beat Olson in that race and never looked back, stayed at Jurek's side as a consistent crew member and pacer through the latter's most dominant years.
Olson, according to the story recently reinforced by Outside, was the assistant, second fiddle in both the workload and the glory during the period when Jurek won the Western States 100 seven straight times (including a course record), won Death Valley's 135-mile Badwater Ultramarathon twice and set a course record en route to winning the Hardrock 100.
All of that happened, yes—but there's a lot more to Olson's story. You just have to ask him to tell it.


text:
The Fly, Katherine Mansfield
"The Fly" Katherine Mansfield
The following entry represents criticism concerning Mansfield's short story, "The Fly." See also, Katherine Mansfield Criticism and "The Garden Party" Criticism.
This disturbing tale has been the subject of considerable, often heated, critical debate, and there is little consensus on either the story's meaning or literary merit. The events surround a boss who is reminded of his son's death during a visit from an old friend. The man then rescues and causes the death of a common housefly. The story's simple action, which is understated but offers a telling description of character and place, is marked by a lack of humor and compassion. The story also makes a fascinating study of a psychological crisis that afflicts a man almost completely lacking in self-awareness. The story has elements found in many of Mansfield's other works, including the use of epiphany as the focal point of the narrative; greater concern with internal crisis than external crisis of plot; and use of symbolic patterning, with key ideas and images repeated to suggest the complexity of characters' motives and situations. Interpretations of the work abound, and is often interpreted as the author's autobiographical statement in her final months of life and how she viewed herself as a helpless victim of dark and unknown forces. The story also is a critique of war and patriarchy, as well as a metaphysical exploration of humans' place in the world. All interpretations, however, seem to concur that "The Fly" is perhaps the darkest and most haunting treatment of human corruption in Mansfield's literary oeuvre, as well as and one of the starkest expressions of post-World War I existential helplessness and despair.
Plot and Major Characters
The story begins with a retired man, old Mr. Woodifield, making his weekly visit to the office where he worked before suffering a stroke. Woodifield has made a habit of returning to visit his old boss on Tuesday afternoons—the only day of the week his wife and girls allow him out of the house. The boss, five years older, is stout and fit, a stark contrast to his enfeebled former employee. It does a man good, Woodifield thinks, to see the boss going so strong. Woodifield admires the office and the boss explains, as he has done for several weeks now, that he has done it up lately. He points to the new carpet, new furniture, and new electric heating. Woodifield notices that the boss does not point to the photograph of a grave-looking boy in uniform. The photograph is not new; it has been there for the past six years.
As the two men enjoy their surroundings and each other's company, Woodifield says he cannot recall something he wanted to tell the boss. The boss feels sorry for the old man, thinking he is obviously "on his last pins." He encourages Woodifield to drink some of his excellent whisky to restore his memory, even if it is against doctor's orders. As they enjoy their drinks, Woodifield suddenly remembers what he had meant to tell the boss. His daughters had recently been in Belgium where they visited their brother Reggie's gravesite. They noticed while there that the boss's son's gravesite was nearby. Both plots, the girls reported, were well cared for, and the gravesites were in a beautiful place, with broad paths and flowers growing on all the plots. The boss is visibly upset and distracted as Woodifield gives him the details. Woodifield asks if the boss has been there; the boss says he has not. Woodifield carries on about how expensive the jam was at the hotel where his girls stayed, but the boss responds without listening and hurries to end the conversation. He shows Woodifield out.
The boss stares blankly for a time, then orders his clerk to make sure he remains undisturbed for a half hour. He closes his office door, slumps into his chair, and covers his face with his hands. Woodifield's announcement had come as a shock; when he talked of his son's grave it was as though the earth opened up and he saw his boy lying in the earth with Woodifield's girls staring down at him. During the previous six years he only thought of his boy, lying unchanged and unblemished in his uniform. He groans "My son!" but no tears come. In the first months and years after his son's death, he had only to say those words and he would begin weeping violently. He was sure that the passage of time would make no difference in the intensity of his emotion. Other men might live their loss down, but he would not. How could he? This was his only son, whom he had worked for, who was to have taken over his business, whom everyone loved. He was the only thing that gave meaning to the boss's life. Six years earlier he had received the telegram announcing his son was dead, leaving him a broken man.
Six years following his son's death, he is unable to weep and doesn't understand what is wrong. He decides to get up and look at the boy's photograph. At that moment, he notices a fly has fallen into his inkpot, struggling to get free. The boss lifts the fly out of the inkpot with his pen and shakes it on some blotting paper, then watches as it begins to clean itself. The boss imagines that the fly must be joyful knowing it has narrowly escaped death. The boss then has an idea, and plunges his pen back into the pot and drops a blot of ink on the fly. The fly seems stunned, but eventually begins to clean itself again. The boss admires the creature's fighting spirit, but then drops a second blot of ink. He is relieved when the fly again makes the effort to clean itself. He decides he will drop just one more blot of ink on the fly. But after a third inkdrop, the fly does not stir. The boss tries to move it with his pen, telling it to "look sharp" but to no avail; it is dead.
The boss lifts the corpse of the fly and throws it into the waste-paper. He feels wretched and frightened. He barks an order to his clerk to bring him fresh blotting paper, and to "look sharp" about it. Then he tries to recall what he was thinking about before the fly died and cannot.
Major Themes
Mansfield never explained exactly what she meant "The Fly" to signify, and the story has spawned a variety of interpretations. It is frequently seen as an indictment of the brutal horror of World War I, along with the hopelessness and despair left in its wake. Many scholars have remarked that the timetable that the story sets for the death of the two sons coincides with the 1915 death of Mansfield's brother, a victim of wartime fighting. The war dead, it is claimed, are likened to flies and innocently slaughtered by cruel forces over which they have no control. Some critics have pointed to references Mansfield made in her journals and letters about flies to show that the fly represents herself, struggling to fight the ravages of her tuberculosis, only to be crushed in the end by a selfish and cruel father much like the boss in her story. Other critics have resisted such autobiographical interpretations, insisting they detract from a more universally compelling existential message concerning the inevitability of death and man's unwillingness to accept this truth. These scholars see the story as essentially about the boss's brief realization of his own pitiful ambitions and mortality before he subconsciously tries to suppress this horrible knowledge.
Much attention has been paid to the central character of the boss. He has been seen as a symbol of malignant forces that are base and motiveless, a representative of the generation that sent its sons to their slaughter in a cruel war, and a god-like figure who, in the words of King Lear, toys with the lives of human beings for sport. Most critics agree that the reader's early good impression of the boss is continually undermined as the story unfolds. In the end, some have claimed, he can be viewed as a sadomasochist who likely cowed his son as he does Woodifield and his clerk. He is a bully who torments the fly for boyish pleasure, and his sense of loss is no more than self-pity. However, some commentators claim that the boss should not be viewed as an unsympathetic character, but simply as a man whose experiments on a common housefly are manifestations of an unconscious metaphysical questioning about the meaning of life. The answer comes to him briefly, but he becomes frightened and quickly pushes it out of his mind. Other critics have seen the boss as a man coming to terms with his own selfishness and heartlessness, who recognizes briefly that his grief for his son has been based on a kind of self-deception. As a result, when the fly dies the boss suffers a spiritual death.
Critics have also remarked on the story's multi-layered symbolism. The vigorous boss is at first seen in contrast to doddering old Woodifield, but by the end of the story both men have forgotten about their son's deaths. Woodifield, in his dotage, is likened to a baby, and the boss to a greedy boy; both men are immature and lacking in real strength. Neither of them visits his son's grave because of their respective weaknesses, but while the frailty of Woodifield is immediately apparent, the deficiency of the powerful boss is revealed to be far more disturbing. The fly seems to be a symbol for, among other things, the men under the boss's control. The boss treats the fly condescendingly and benevolently as he does Woodifield who is "on his last pins." He also demands that the fly "look sharp," the same order he gives his clerk. This leads us to wonder if his son did not suffer the same unthinking treatment at the hands of his father, and if the boss's grief is in fact genuine.
Critical Reception
Mansfield wrote the "The Fly" in Paris in 1922 while undergoing X-ray treatment for tuberculosis, and it is clear from her letters and journals that she was not wholly pleased with it. It is likely that she was hard-pressed for money to pay for her medical treatment at the time, and was working under the additional pressures of market requirements and publication deadlines. In a response to her friend William Gerhardi, who had confessed to her that he disliked the piece, Mansfield herself admitted that she "hated" writing the story.
Mansfield died less than a year following the story's publication and did not witness the intense critical and popular interest in "The Fly." After its initial magazine publication in 1922, the story appeared in the highly regarded, posthumously published collection, The Dove's Nest and then again in successive volumes of Mansfield's works. The work began to receive serious critical treatment beginning in 1945, when a series of short articles in The Explicator sought to uncover the symbolic meanings and thematic concerns hidden in the deceptively simply tale. A 1962 essay by F. W. Bateson and B. Shahevitch in Essays in Criticism, remarking on Mansfield's use of realism to make the setting of the story authentic so as to draw readers in to the narrative, spawned a series of responses complaining that the complexity of the piece had been overlooked with this assessment. Later commentators took their cue from Bateson's and Shahevitch's critics and have tried to understand why the story has elicited such a range of interpretations. Ironically, most critics acknowledge that "The Fly" is not one of Mansfield's strongest works, and some have even suggested that it is the story's flaws that make it an interesting subject of scrutiny. However, the work continues to enjoy a reputation as one of Mansfield's most famous stories, and is regarded as a fine example of the complexity of method that is the author's great contribution to the short story form.
Robert Wooster Stallman (essay date 1945)
SOURCE: "Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in The Explicator, Vol. 3, No. 6, April, 1945, item 49.
[In the following essay, Stallman contends that the theme of Mansfield's "The Fly" is that time overcomes all grief.]
The experiment with the Fly by the Boss, so named because he appears to be the boss of his little world and of the little life of the Fly who has fallen into his inkpot, the boss as well over his employees Woodifield and Macey and over his dead son (all are as flies to him), dramatizes both the plot (the conflict between time and grief) and the theme (time conquers grief). At the first stage of the experiment the Boss is to be equated with the Fly. He...
(The entire section is 560 words.)
Wills D. Jacobs (essay date 1947)
SOURCE: "Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in The Explicator, Vol. 5, No. 4, February, 1947, item 32.
[In the following essay, Jacobs maintains that the fly is a symbol for Mansfield, who at the time of the story's writing was a woman slowly dying of tuberculosis.]
The interpretation of Katherine Mansfield's "The Fly" in EXP. III, Apr., 1945, 49, is at once ingenious and recherché. That the surface theme of the story is the conquest of time over grief—that in time even a slight distraction can banish the truest emotion from the mind—is certain enough. But in its explanation of the fly itself that previous account violates a wise rule known as Morgan's...
(The entire section is 804 words.)
Thomas Bledsoe (essay date 1947)
SOURCE: "Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in The Explicator, Vol. 5, No. 7, May, 1947, item 53.
[In the following essay, Bledsoe dismisses the interpretations of the story offered the critics Stallman and Jacobs, and concludes that "The Fly" is really about the selfishness and cruelty of mankind.]
I believe that Katherine Mansfield's "The Fly" can be explained without recourse either to a devious symbolism (EXP., April, 1945, III, 49) or to biographical reference (EXP., Feb., 1947, V, 32). Though the former was provocative and the latter cogent, the writers of both seem to me to have missed the woods for the trees. They agree that this is a story...
(The entire section is 609 words.)
Celeste Turner Wright (essay date 1955)
SOURCE: "Genesis of a Short Story," in Philological Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 1, January, 1955, pp. 91-6.
[In the following essay, Wright calls upon to Mansfield's letters and journals to strengthen her assertion that the fly is a symbol for the author herself while the boss represents her father.]
On January 11, 1918, after a wartime train trip to the South of France for her health, Katherine Mansfield wrote her husband, John Middleton Murry, that she felt "like a fly who has been dropped into the milk-jug and fished out again, but is still too milky and drowned to start cleaning up yet."1 As early as 1913 her story "Violet"2 had...
(The entire section is 1970 words.)
Thomas J. Assad (essay date 1955)
SOURCE: "Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in The Explicator, Vol. 14, No. 2, November, 1955, item 10.
[In the following essay, Assad argues that the central meaning of "The Fly" is clearly expressed in the line from the story that reads,"we cling to our last pleasures as the tree clings to its last leaves."]
Various interpretations enrich our reading of Katherine Mansfield's masterful short story. Robert Wooster Stallman's interpretation of the fly as symbolizing and not symbolizing the Boss is ingenious and engaging (EXP., April, 1945, III, 49); Willis D. Jacobs' biographical interpretation of the fly as Katherine Mansfield struggling and succumbing to...
(The entire section is 819 words.)
Stanley B. Greenfield (essay date 1958)
SOURCE: "Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in The Explicator, Vol. 17, No. 1, October, 1958, item 2.
[In the following essay, Greenfield observes that the death of the fly represents the end of the boss's grief, the thing that had made him distinct from other men and nations who have moved beyond personal sadness and forgotten the cruelty of World War I.]
The difficulties Miss Mansfield's excellent story "The Fly" have occasioned interpreters stem from their eagerness to make one of two obvious equations: (1) within the story itself, to see the fly symbolizing the boss (Stallman, EXP., April, 1945, III, 49; Berkman, K. M.: A Critical Study, p. 195); (2)...
(The entire section is 839 words.)
Pauline P. Bell (essay date 1960)
SOURCE: "Mansfield's 'The Fly'," in The Explicator, Vol. 19, No. 3, December, 1960, item 20.
[In the following essay, Bell argues that Mansfield's "The Fly" is a story about the inevitability of death and humans' retreat from that realization.]
It seems to me that there is room for one more explication of Katherine Mansfield's short story "The Fly"—an explication in which the fly is the fly, the boss is the boss, and Woodifield is Woodifield. (For previous discussions in The Explicator, see the note by Stanley B. Greenfield, Oct., 1958, XVII, 2, and references given therein.)
"The Fly" seems to me to be unified by one...
(The entire section is 1102 words.)
Clinton W. Oleson and J. D. Thomas (essay date 1961)
SOURCE: "'The Fly' Rescued" and "The Anatomy of a Fly" in College English, Vol. 22, No. 8, May, 1961, pp. 585-86.
[In the following two-part essay, Oleson takes issue with Thomas's interpretations of the symbolism in "The Fly"; Thomas replies to Oleson's criticism and offers direction for further criticism of the story.]
In "Symbol and Parallelism in 'The Fly'" (College English, Jan. 1961), J. D. Thomas suggests that the fly in Katherine Mansfield's story represents "a life force—or The Life Force—fighting with instinctive courage for survival, until finally done to death by human perversity" and that the ink with which the fly is...
(The entire section is 1056 words.)
F. W. Bateson and B. Shahevitch (essay date 1962)
SOURCE: "Katherine Mansfield's 'The Fly': A Critical Exercise," in Essays in Criticism, Vol. 12, No. 1, January, 1962, pp. 39-53.
[In the following essay, Bateson and Shahevitch discuss how Mansfield makes extraordinary use of literary realism to create a tale that ends in the reader's moral condemnation of the protagonist.]
"The Fly" is probably the shortest good short story in modern English. Its two thousand words therefore permit, indeed encourage, the kind of close analysis that has been so successful in our time with lyric poetry but that is impossibly cumbrous or misleadingly incomplete when applied to the novel or the conte. The object...
(The entire section is 2779 words.)
R. A. Jolly (essay date 1962)
SOURCE: "Katherine Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in Essays in Criticism, Vol. 12, No. 3, July, 1962, pp. 335-38.
[In the following essay, a response to F. W Bateson's and B. Shahevitch's 1961 essay on "The Fly," Jolly argues that the story contains many more layers of meaning than those critics had observed, most importantly that the boss's predicament is really our own.]
If the object of the article on "The Fly" was simply to demonstrate that 'exactly the same critical procedure is in order for realistic fiction as for a poem', then the exercise was successful. It is disappointing, however, that the critical procedure was not carried either as far or as...
(The entire section is 1624 words.)
R. A. Copland (essay date 1962)
SOURCE: "Katherine Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in Essays in Criticism, Vol. 12, No. 3, July, 1962, pp. 338-41.
[In the following essay, a response to F. W. Bateson's and B. Shahevitch's 1961 essay on "The Fly," Copland complains that those critics miss the basic point the story, which he says is "less about a man's personality than about a man's crisis."]
It was disappointing to discover that Mr. Bateson and Mr. Shahevitch had applied but not really employed their valuable techniques in criticising Katherine Mansfield's short story "The Fly" (Essays in Criticism, January 1962). It seems a pity that the authors' method should reveal so much...
(The entire section is 1050 words.)
E. B. Greenwood (essay date 1962)
SOURCE: "Katherine Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in Essays in Criticism, Vol. 12, No. 3, July, 1962, pp. 341-47.
[In the following response to F. W. Bateson's and B. Shahevitch's 1961 essay on "The Fly," Greenwood attacks those critics' conclusions about Mansfield's use of the realistic literary genre and rejects their portrayal of the boss as morally unsympathetic; the point of the story, Greenwood argues, is that the boss is asking a metaphysical question about the meaning of life in an arbitrary and tormented world.]
What is 'realism'? Surely not, as Bateson and Shahevitch suggest, just a trick whereby descriptive trivia are incorporated in a story...
(The entire section is 2456 words.)
F. W. Bateson (essay date 1962)
SOURCE: "A Sort of Answer," in Essays in Criticism, Vol. 12, No. 3, July, 1962, pp. 347-51.
[In the following response to the critics E. B. Greenwood, R. A. Copland, and R. W. Jolly, Bateson reasserts his claim that the realistic devices Mansfield uses to describe the character of the boss make him not only unsympathetic but a symbol of the very "society which destroyed itself, and a million innocent victims with it, between 1914 and 1918."]
Our three critics have raised so many points—several of them, I agree, eminently sensible ones—that I shall not attempt to answer them all here and now. What we set out to provide, as we made clear in our sub-title, was...
(The entire section is 1664 words.)
John T. Hagopian (essay date 1963)
SOURCE: "Capturing Mansfield's 'Fly,'" in Modern Fiction Studies, Vol. 9, No. 4, Winter, 1963-1964, pp. 385-90.
[In the following essay, Hagopian rejects biographical interpretations of "The Fly" as limiting the story's universally compelling message of death and loss.]
Late in 1915 when Katherine Mansfield received the news that her brother had been killed fighting in France, she wrote in her journal:
The present and the future mean nothing to me. I am no longer "curious" about people; I do not wish to go anywhere; and the only possible value that anything can have for me is that it should put me in mind of...
(The entire section is 2905 words.)
J. Rea (essay date 1965)
SOURCE: "Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in The Explicator, Vol. 23, No. 9, May, 1965, item 68.
[In the following essay, Rea concludes that "The Fly" is the story of a selfish man who pushes everyone and everything—except himself—to their breaking point.]
The chief characteristic of the boss in Katherine Mansfield's "The Fly" (see EXP., April, 1945, III, 49; Feb., 1947, v, 32; May, 1947, v, 33; Feb., 1954, XII, 27; Nov., 1955, XIV, 10; Oct., 1958, XVII, 2; and Dec., 1960, XIX, 20) is, I think, his inability to recognize that others have a breaking point. This is shown in his attitude toward the fly, toward Macey, toward Mr. Woodifield, and toward his...
(The entire section is 660 words.)
Ted E. Boyle (essay date 1965)
SOURCE: "The Death of the Boss: Another Look at Katherine Mansfield's 'The Fly,'" in Modern Fiction Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2, Summer, 1965, pp. 183-85.
[In the following essay, Boyle claims that the symbolism in "The Fly" is intended to emphasize the spiritual death of the boss.]
John V. Hagopian's recent article on "The Fly" indeed seems a more reasoned and logical explication than those made by earlier critics.1 Professor Hagopian's assertion, however, that the boss is an almost wholly sympathetic character and that the story concerns the boss's imperfect realization of the inescapable fact of death elicits some argument. It is also...
(The entire section is 1398 words.)
Mary Rohrberger (essay date 1966)
SOURCE: "Katherine Mansfield: 'The Fly,'" in Hawthorne and the Modern Short Story, Mouton and Company, 1966, pp. 68-74.
[In the following excerpt, Rohrberger claims that all the characters in the story are themselves symbolically flies, each acted upon by a cruel controlling force.]
"The Fly" was published in 1923 in The Dove's Nest, Katherine Mansfield's last published volume, Sylvia Berkman, in her critical study of Mansfield, says that the central symbolism in "The Fly" is confused:
Obviously the boss stands for a superior controlling power—God, destiny, or fate—which in capricious and impersonal...
(The entire section is 2232 words.)
Paulette Michel-Michot (essay date 1974)
SOURCE: "Katherine Mansfield's 'The Fly': An Attempt to Capture the Boss," in Studies in Short Fiction, Vol. 11, No. 1, Winter, 1974, pp. 85-92.
[In the following essay, Michel-Michot declares that "The Fly" is a story about self-discovery and the resulting terror that forces a man to try to forget the awful truths he has learned about himself.]
No other story of Katherine Mansfield has prompted such a critical controversy.1 Many critics have proposed interesting interpretations; yet the more one reads of the criticism, the more one realises that the answer to the problem the story raises is not in fact found in just one or another sentence,...
(The entire section is 3934 words.)
Atul Chandra Chatterjee (essay date 1980)
SOURCE: "1918-23; The Final Phase," in The Art of Katherine Mansfield, S. Chand & Company, 1980, pp. 234-321.
[In the following excerpt from his full-length study of Katherine Mansfield, Chatterjee calls "The Fly" a "baffling riddle that lends itself to many conflicting, and, sometimes, fanciful interpretations."]
This much-explicated1 story is deservedly famous. It was completed on 20th February, 1922 and published in 'The Nation' on 18th March in the same year. Exceptionally short in length, it tells by implication much more than what it states explicitly. The result is not only an extraordinary depth and suggestiveness but also a...
(The entire section is 893 words.)
Clare Hanson and Andrew Gurr (essay date 1981)
SOURCE: "The Stories 1921-22: Sierre and Paris," Katherine Mansfield, St. Martin's Press, 1981, pp. 95-135.
[In the following excerpt from their full-length study of Katherine Mansfield, Hanson and Gurr suggest that the reason "The Fly" has elicited so much critical attention is that the symbolism of the story is flawed and invites conflicting interpretations.]
"The Fly" was written in February 1922, while Katherine Mansfield was undergoing X-ray treatment in Paris. It was a story which she 'hated writing', though it is one which has produced a wealth of critical commentary, most notably in a series of articles in Essays in Criticism in 1962 and...
(The entire section is 1173 words.)
Con Coroneos (essay date 1997)
SOURCE: "Flies and Violets in Katherine Mansfield," in Women's Fiction and the Great War, edited by Suzanne Raitt and Trudi Tate, Clarendon Press, 1997, pp. 197-218.
[In the following essay, Coroneos discusses elements of sadism and ambiguity in "The Fly," and concludes that this is a war story that encourages the reader to "participate in the spectacle of suffering without the anxiety of guilt."]
In Mansfield's second war story, "The Fly" … old Woodifield has been visiting the boss, a successful businessman running an unspecified business.1 The boss is the older man but, unlike Woodifield, blooming with health and success. Where mirabelle...
(The entire section is 1892 words.)
Further Reading
Daly, Saralyn R. Katherine Mansfield, Revised Edition. (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994, 149 p.
Critical overview of the life and works of Katherine Mansfield; includes an analysis of "The Fly."
Kobler, J. F. Katherine Mansfield: A Study of the Short Fiction. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990, 172 p.
Detailed study of Mansfield's short stories, with brief analyses of individual tales.
Thomas, J. D. "Symbol and Parallelism in 'The Fly,'" in College English 22, No. 4 (January, 1961): 256; 261-62.
Argues that the fly represents a life force, and...
(The entire section is 150 words.)


text:
In praise of rail trails
Though it's a joy to see spring busting out all over, I'm also looking forward to fall. That's when my hip replacement is supposed to be healed and my wife Rachel and I can head south to ride our hybrid bikes on the Virginia Creeper Rail Trail, in the far west corner of Virginia close to Tennessee, North Carolina and Kentucky.
In the last few years, the growing movement to create the Adirondack Rail Trail from Lake Placid to Old Forge has piqued our curiosity about the success of other rail-to-trail conversions. We've had some wonderful rides on abandoned rail lines in Vermont, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, and we look forward to the day when we can pedal one of the finest of all rail trails, right here in our own backyard.
We've found that riding these trails is one of the best ways of seeing different parts of our country – soaking up history and scenery at a leisurely pace that enables us to talk with people and listen to birds, all the while enjoying good exercise and breathing fresh country air. It's also a good way to get a feel for the towns and villages along the way, where we cycling tourists will eat, shop and sometimes spend the night.
What's most intriguing about the Virginia Creeper Trail are the similarities with what's possible in the Adirondacks, especially the 34-mile rail corridor between Lake Placid and Tupper Lake. The Creeper Trail is exactly that length. The terrain is also quite similar. The Creeper Trail skirts the Blue Ridge Mountains for much of the ride; then it traverses a largely pastoral landscape. It follows a rushing stream most of the way.
The little town of Damascus (population 1,000) is about halfway between Abingdon at the west end and Whitetop at the east end.
"The Creeper Trail saved Damascus," said Wayne Miller, president of the Virginia Creeper Trail Club. That was quite a claim, so I called Aaron Sizemore, the town manager of Damascus, for confirmation. "Yes," said Aaron, "It did save Damascus." He explained that early on, Damascus was a center for logging. Later the main business was textiles. When that industry died, so did Damascus.
"When I was a kid," Aaron recalled, "the town would shut down at 5 p.m. There was one restaurant. No lodging places. No bike shops. No jobs. Then the abandoned railroad line was converted into a rail trail, and things began to change." He estimates there are 200,000 visitors a year to the Creeper Trail, many of whom stop in Damascus. The town has more than a dozen B&Bs on its website, 14 restaurants and eight bike shops. "It's made all the difference," he said.
Now let's substitute our proposed Adirondack Rail Trail for the Virginia Creeper Trail, and substitute Tupper Lake for Damascus. Both towns were once major centers for logging, and both experienced a severe economic slide. What Damascus has in the way of natural amenities – forested hillsides, the confluence of two rivers – Tupper Lake can more than match with the Raquette River and beautiful Big Tupper Lake. The community is also home to the Natural History Museum of the Adirondacks (Wild Center), a budding observatory and a replicated train station that could be an appealing museum, commemorating Tupper's logging and railroad past.
Could the Adirondack Rail Trail help to save Tupper Lake, as the Creeper Trail saved Damascus? You bet it could. Consider the hundreds of thousands of visitors, most of them on bicycles, arriving in town from May through October – cycling on the spur trail to the Wild Center, wandering around the village, renting a canoe or kayak, hiking a nearby mountain, maybe spending the night. Now imagine a large number of snowmobilers coming north from Old Forge once the obstructive tracks have been removed and the snowmobile season on the corridor has doubled from two to four months as a result.
Back to Damascus, which bills itself as "Trail Town USA." The Creeper Trail isn't the only trail through town. There's also the 2,200-mile Appalachian Trail that passes down the main street. "But the AT doesn't have anything like the impact of the Creeper Trail," the town manager explained. "Only one shop in town caters to hikers." Everything else seems geared to the rail trail.
"That's because the Creeper Trail is easy, beautiful and quiet," he said. "It attracts all kinds of people. Anyone can enjoy it. Visitors will park in Damascus and be shuttled to Whitetop, then descend 1,500 feet on their bikes over the 18 miles back to Damascus." If you want more exercise, he explained, you can park at Whitetop, breeze down to Damascus, then turn around and bike back to the starting point. Or you can pedal another 16 miles to Abingdon, a town of 8,000.
"What drives your economy?" I asked Jim Cowart, the economic development director for Abingdon.
"Two things," he said. "The music theater" – where traditional Appalachian Mountain music is regularly performed – "and the Virginia Creeper Trail."
He referred me to a survey of trail users. Most are bikers, but many local users listed walking as their favorite activity. As for personal benefits, trail users listed 1) health and fitness, 2) viewing nature, 3) place to take pets, 4) sense of community. The "most important features" for trail users are 1) outdoor attractions, 2) eating places, 3) historical attractions.
According to Kevin Costello, Abingdon's tourist director, the trail has produced a new way of thinking: "People are embracing being able to ride a bike more often. The trail has inspired that kind of philosophy in town."
It doesn't really strain the imagination to see what's possible here. Who can beat our Tri-Lakes area for fascinating history, for outdoor attractions and for viewing nature? All we need now is a safe, easy, scenic, traffic-free recreation trail connecting our communities.
To sign up as a rail-trail advocate and help make it happen, visit www.thearta.org.
Dick Beamish lives in Sarsnac Lake, is founder of the Adirondack Explorer magazine and is a board member of Adirondack Recreational Trail Advocates.


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First time at Mingo creek today since arriving in January. Trails were really muddy and got fed up spinning the rear tyre and going no where. Changing my Nobby Nic to a Maxxis aDvantage to see if any better.
Steve the Welshman.
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