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Debates of Nov. 30th, 2011
House of Commons Hansard #57 of the 41st Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was yea.
- Question Period
- YOUCAN Youth Service
- Employment
- Lifetime Business Achievement Award
- Prostate Cancer
- Israel
- "Bécik jaune" Bicycle Project
- Essar Steel Algoma
- Prostate Cancer
- Santa Fund Telethon
- Emergency Preparedness
- Catherine Lamontagne
- Violence against Women
- Persons with Disabilities
- Infrastructure
- Justice
- Taxation
- Aboriginal Affairs
- Harmonized Sales Tax
- The Environment
- Justice
- Employment Insurance
- Citizenship and Immigration
- Natural Resources
- Foreign Affairs
- Infrastructure
- The Economy
- Foreign Affairs
- Canada-U.S. Relations
- National Defence
- The Environment
- Air Canada
- Firearms Registry
- Canada Post
- The Environment
- Financial Literacy Leader Act
- Interparliamentary Delegations
- Committees of the House
- ALS Month Act
- Income Tax Act
- Canada Elections Act
- Excise Tax Act
- Canada National Parks Act
- Employment Insurance Act
- Parliamentary Employment and Staff Relations Act
- Department of Peace Act
- Committees of the House
- Petitions
- Questions Passed as Orders for Returns
- Request for Emergency Debate
- Safe Streets and Communities Act
- Employment Insurance Act
The Environment
Oral Questions
3 p.m.
Ted Hsu Kingston and the Islands, ON
Mr. Speaker, the IOUs for climate change are coming.
Instead of trying to solve climate change, the Conservatives are saying "Get used to it; let us adapt", and worse, they are paying lip service to that enormous cost of adaptation.
These enormous IOUs for climate change add to the $600 billion of debt that the Conservatives are passing on to our kids. We are causing climate change; why should our kids pay for it? I believe that is not fair. I believe that is immoral.
Why have the Conservatives made Canada a quitter on solving climate change?
The Environment
Oral Questions
3 p.m.
Peter Kent Minister of the Environment
Mr. Speaker, it is bad enough that the Liberals embraced Kyoto in the first place, but what made it truly outrageous was that they did so with no intention of ever fulfilling their obligations.
Let me just offer a quote from another lucid member of this House.
[The Liberal government's] plan in terms of the Kyoto agreement was basically written on the back of an airplane napkin on the way to Kyoto. There was no long term planning. There was no real negotiation with the provinces or with industry sectors. In fact it was a last minute, hastily drafted agreement.
Who said that? It was the member for Kings—Hants in a moment of—
The Environment
Oral Questions
3 p.m.
Some hon. members
Oh, oh!
The Environment
Oral Questions
3 p.m.
The Speaker Andrew Scheer
Order. The hon. member for La Pointe-de-l'Île.
Air Canada
Oral Questions
November 30th, 2011 / 3 p.m.
Ève Péclet La Pointe-de-l'Île, QC
Mr. Speaker, on November 7 Air Canada decided to move its head office to Brampton, Ontario. This move will force over 140 employees to choose between moving their families and losing their jobs. There is a good chance most of them will choose to remain in Montreal, which could make it very difficult for Air Canada employees to obtain services in French.
Will the minister enforce the law stipulating that Air Canada's head office must be located in Montreal, and will he protect bilingualism within Air Canada?
Air Canada
Oral Questions
3 p.m.
Denis Lebel Minister of Transport
Mr. Speaker, in response to my hon. colleague, I would remind her that we recently introduced a bill on respect for official languages that allows the Commissioner of Official Languages to deal directly with companies that are under contract with Air Canada. There is also an amendment to compel the company to honour its commitments. Air Canada is a private corporation and we want it to be as successful as possible here in Canada.
Firearms Registry
Oral Questions
3 p.m.
John Williamson New Brunswick Southwest, NB
Mr. Speaker, as I was saying yesterday, Canadians gave our government a strong mandate to end the wasteful and ineffective long gun registry once and for all. That is exactly what we are going to do.
The NDP has punished its members for voting with their constituents. It has sent members into committee to try to gut our legislation and is now engaging in misleading propaganda, claiming that restricted firearms would become non-restricted after the registry is abolished.
Could the minister comment on whether ending the long gun registry will do this?
Firearms Registry
Oral Questions
3 p.m.
Vic Toews Minister of Public Safety
Mr. Speaker, first the NDP showed a restricted firearm on its misleading ads and claimed it was non-restricted. When this deceit was uncovered, it was forced to change its ads. What were they replaced with? Yet another restricted firearm that the NDP claims to be non-restricted.
I would call on the NDP to end this ridiculous and misleading campaign. Repeatedly playing fast and loose with the facts just shows Canadians that the NDP is unfit to govern.
Canada Post
Oral Questions
3:05 p.m.
Francine Raynault Joliette, QC
Mr. Speaker, with the planned cuts to Canada Post, we are starting to wonder whether people have to live downtown to be entitled to postal service. Does the government forget that mail delivery is an essential service? Canadians and Quebeckers who live in rural areas need and are entitled to receive their mail and have a post office nearby. Driving or walking 20, 30 or 40 minutes to get the mail is unacceptable.
Why is the government refusing to keep rural post offices open?
Canada Post
Oral Questions
3:05 p.m.
Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia
Steven Fletcher Minister of State (Transport)
Mr. Speaker, our government is committed to quality postal service for all Canadians, no matter where they live. That is why our government introduced the Canadian Postal Service Charter. We expect Canada Post to abide by the charter and provide quality postal service that Canadians can count on.
We are focused on service to Canadians like a laser. That member is zapped.
The Environment
Oral Questions
3:05 p.m.
André Bellavance Richmond—Arthabaska, QC
Mr. Speaker, again, the Conservative government is embarrassing us at the Climate Change Conference in Durban by collecting fossil awards and taking jabs here and there for its inaction on reducing greenhouse gases. The Premier of Quebec, his environment minister, and Nobel Laureate Desmond Tutu all denounce Canada's attitude.
Can the Minister of the Environment tell us whose interests he is promoting in Durban? Certainly not those of the Quebec companies that have invested in sustainable development in accordance with the Kyoto protocol; they will be penalized by the government's sabotage.
The Environment
Oral Questions
3:05 p.m.
Peter Kent Minister of the Environment
Mr. Speaker, our government is proud of the abundance of natural resources with which our country has been blessed. We are also proud of the responsible and sustainable way that these resources are being developed. Finally, we are proud of our commitment to the Copenhagen and Cancun agreements and our pledge to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 17% by 2020.
Financial Literacy Leader Act
Routine Proceedings
3:05 p.m.
Ted Menzies Minister of State (Finance)
moved for leave to introduce Bill C-28, An Act to amend the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada Act.
(Motions deemed adopted, bill read the first time and printed)
Interparliamentary Delegations
Routine Proceedings
3:05 p.m.
Daryl Kramp Prince Edward—Hastings, ON
Mr. Speaker, pursuant to Standing Order 34(1), I have the honour to present to the House, in both official languages, the report of the Canadian joint delegation of the Canada-China Legislative Association and the Canada-Japan Inter-parliamentary Group regarding its participation in the 15th annual Assembly of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentarians Conference on the Environment and Development or APPCED, which was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from June 6 to 9, 2011.
Interparliamentary Delegations
Routine Proceedings
3:05 p.m.
Mauril Bélanger Ottawa—Vanier, ON
Mr. Speaker, pursuant to Standing Order 34(1), I have the honour to present to the House, in both official languages, the report of the Canadian delegation of the Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association respecting its bilateral visits to Ethiopia and Senegal last month, from October 9 to 14, 2011.


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Fair ~
High: 53°F
Tuesday, Jan. 24, 2017
Home CookingPosted Sunday, September 12, 2010, at 9:21 PM
Hamburger Casserole
1 lb ground chuck
Brown ground chuck and onion, drain. mix ground chuck, tomatoes, macaroni..cooked or uncooked, drained corn, drained peas, cream of mushroom and salt and pepper. Put in 375 oven in covered casserole dish and cook 25 or 30 minutes till hot and bubbly. Put cheese on top and melt. This can made ahead of time and kept in refrigerator untill ready to cook. This is also very good made with egg noodles.
Kathy S. here is the recipe you requested at our class reunion meeting, I hope you enjoy it as much as we have.
Porcupine Meatballs
1 lb ground chuck
Lightly beat egg with fork, then add a heaping tablespoon of tomato sauce or soup and mix. Mix in rice, onion, salt and pepper. Stir in ground chuck and mix well with hands. Form mixture into 1 1/2 inch round meatballs.
Coat skillet over medium heat with cooking spray. Cook meatballs until brown on all sides.
Combine remaining sauce or soup with Worcestershire and stir until smooth, then smooth over meatballs. Cover with lid and simmer for 20 to 30 minutes, stirring every few minutes.
We love these meatballs. I first ate them when my son was in headstart at Grayridge. Those kids sure liked them.
When I make them at home sometimes I even add some chili powder, I have even added a can of chili beans to the mixture that is poured over them at the last. There are lots of variations with this dish.
Strawberry Minute Pie
1 eight-inch pie shell
Dissolve gelatin in water. Add un-thawed frozen strawberries. Break up strawberries with fork. As strawberries thaw, gelatin thickens. When partially set, pour into cooled pie shell. Chill until completely set. Just before serving, top with whipped cream.
We make this sugarfree by adding sugar free strawberry gelatin and it is just as good..
This is good when you want a good home cooked meal
take kielbasa and split it in half length ways
put saurkraut in between layers
wrap with bacon strips and hold on with toothpicks
bake until hot.
good with beans and taters and sliced tomaters
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I began cooking at the age of 9 with my father and have always loved trying new recipes. Beware: I am fond of onions and peppers! I am diabetic so I do try to cook more healthy dishes these days. My door is always open to trying and sharing new recipes. Let's see what we can cook up with this blog!
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Thyroid nodules are solid or fluid-filled lumps that form within your thyroid, a small gland located at the base of your neck, just above your breastbone.
The great majority of thyroid nodules aren't serious and don't cause symptoms. Thyroid cancer accounts for only a small percentage of thyroid nodules.
You often won't know you have a thyroid nodule until your doctor discovers it during a routine medical exam. Some thyroid nodules, however, may become large enough to be visible or make it difficult to swallow or breathe.
Treatment options depend on the type of thyroid nodule you have.
Most thyroid nodules don't cause signs or symptoms. Occasionally, however, some nodules become so large that they can:
In some cases, thyroid nodules produce additional thyroxine, a hormone secreted by your thyroid gland. The extra thyroxine can cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as:
A few thyroid nodules are cancerous (malignant), but determining which nodules are malignant can't be done by symptoms alone. Most cancerous thyroid nodules are slow growing and may be small when they're discovered. Aggressive thyroid cancers are rare, but these nodules may be large, firm, fixed, and rapid growing.
Although most thyroid nodules are noncancerous (benign) and don't cause problems, ask your doctor to evaluate any unusual swelling in your neck, especially if you have trouble breathing or swallowing. It's important to evaluate the possibility of cancer.
Also seek medical care if you develop signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as:
Several conditions can cause nodules to develop in your thyroid gland:
Complications associated with thyroid nodules include:
If you see or feel a thyroid nodule yourself — usually in the middle of your lower neck, just above your breastbone — call your primary care doctor for an appointment to evaluate the lump.
Often, thyroid nodules are discovered when you're already at your doctor's office during a routine medical exam. Sometimes a thyroid nodule is detected when you have an imaging test, such as an ultrasound, CT or MRI scan, to evaluate another condition in your head or neck. Nodules detected this way are usually smaller than those found during a physical exam.
Once a thyroid nodule has been detected, you're likely to be referred to an endocrinologist — a doctor who specializes in endocrine disorders. To get the most from your appointment, try these suggestions:
In assessing a lump or nodule in your neck, one of your doctor's main goals is to rule out the possibility of cancer. But your doctor will also want to know if your thyroid is functioning properly. Tests include:
Thyroid scan. In some cases, your doctor may recommend a thyroid scan to help evaluate thyroid nodules. During this test, an isotope of radioactive iodine is injected into a vein in your arm. You then lie on a table while a special camera produces an image of your thyroid on a computer screen.
Nodules that produce excess thyroid hormone — called hot nodules — show up on the scan because they take up more of the isotope than normal thyroid tissue does. Cold nodules are nonfunctioning and appear as defects or holes in the scan. Hot nodules are almost always noncancerous, but a few cold nodules are cancerous. The disadvantage of a thyroid scan is that it can't distinguish between benign and malignant cold nodules.
The length of a thyroid scan varies, depending on how long it takes the isotope to reach your thyroid gland. You may have some neck discomfort because your neck is stretched back during the scan, and you'll be exposed to a small amount of radiation.
Treatment depends on the type of thyroid nodule you have.
If a thyroid nodule isn't cancerous, there are several treatment options:
Thyroid hormone suppression therapy. This involves treating a benign nodule with levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Synthroid, others), a synthetic form of thyroxine that you take in pill form. The idea is that supplying additional thyroid hormone will signal the pituitary to produce less TSH, the hormone that stimulates the growth of thyroid tissue.
Although this sounds good in theory, levothyroxine therapy is a matter of some debate. There's no clear evidence that the treatment consistently shrinks nodules or even that shrinking small, benign nodules is necessary.
If a thyroid nodule is producing thyroid hormones, overloading your thyroid gland's normal hormone production levels, your doctor may recommend treating you for hyperthyroidism. This may include:
Treatment for a nodule that's cancerous usually involves surgery.
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-nodules/basics/causes/CON-20021546
Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below.
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised.
A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.


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What The Pic? level 8 Tips and Strategies
- App name: What The Pic?
- Developer: Palm Desert
- Genre: Word
- Release: May 17, 2013
If you are stuck on What The Pic? level 8 you came to the right place. Below you will find a video walkthrough and some written tips that will guide you through that level. Have fun and enjoy this great game.
level 8 Walkthrough
This page contains What The Pic? video walkthroughs for iOS (iPhone/iPad) called "! answers" and has been uploaded on AppAnswers official channel at May 18, 2013.
Still need help with this level? Here you can ask questions and discuss with other What The Pic? users.
Hit like if this helped you!
Stuck on some levels in What The Pic?? This walkthrough can help you finish the game.


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Will the type of yeast affect dough consistency?
Thanks Don. I look forward to hearing the results of your experiments. Yes Scott, I could taste the "sour". I'm not sure how I can reduce the acid if in fact that is it. The other thing I would like to change is the color of the cooked dough. Where it wasn't charged, it was very pale or white. On a normal pie, I would add sugar to the dough. This SD dough has none. Reason?
It also doesn't help that I've never seen an SD NY pie that matched up to the quality of the non SD pies that I've seen. This forum sees an inordinate number of Jeff Varasano fans who attempt to start their pizzamaking career making SD, so those beginner based failures don't help my perception much. It might just be a matter of putting SD into the hands of someone with serious skills.


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Zias can't recover from slow start
December 13, 2008
DURANT, Okla. — Eastern New Mexico University was extremely cold at the start. Southeastern Oklahoma was just as hot.
Hitting nine of their first 10 shots, including 5-of-6 from 3-point range, the Savage Storm built a 25-4 lead over the first seven minutes and went on to beat ENMU 84-61 in a Lone Star Conference crossover game on Saturday.
While Southeastern was hitting everything in sight, the Zias (5-5) struggled to a 2-for-9 start from the floor. Although they mounted a nice comeback which closed the margin to 32-25 late in the half, it simply proved to be too big a hill to climb.
Southeastern's Ashley Tucker hit a layup 15 seconds into the game and the Savage Storm went on to open a 10-0 margin with 3-pointers from Tucker and Ashley Hobbs.
Two free throws by Vanessa O'Neal and a layup by Celese Belizario pulled the Zias within seven, but the Savage Storm (6-3) scored the next 11 points and led by 14 at halftime.
ENMU scored the first four points of the second half, but another 10-0 blitz made it 55-35 and the margin was never under 14 the rest of the way.
Southeastern cooled off from its torrid stat,but stillshot 49 percent for the game (28-of-57), including 11-of-25 from 3-point range. Meantime, the Zias were held to 29 percent shooting and converted just 2-of-14 from 3-point range.
Tucker sat out much of the second half, but finished with 23 points for the Savage Storm, while Hobbs added 11 points off the bench. All but one of Southeastern's 15 players contributed to the scoring column.
For ENMU, sophomore guard Tori Northcutt finished with 15 points and had four of the Zias' nine assists.
ENMU continues its weekend road trip with a 1 p.m. crossover game against East Central today in Ada, Okla.


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Topic: prototype.js Object Required error
Whenever I load my site with IE, bottom left always shows "Done, but with errors on page".
If I click on it and show the detail, it says:
Object required
prototype.js Line:2271
Code: 0 Char: 5
URL: http://localhost:3000/javascripts/prototype.js?1265177611
I have not modified prototype.js and it's annoying to keep seeing this error. Anyone knows how to resolve it?


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GAMMA Zo Twist 16 Racquet String Reel
Product Information:
GAMMA® Zo Twist is a pentagonal shaped copolymer polyester racquet string that incorporates Twist Technology. This string is twisted after the extrusion process creating a distinct edge for exceptional ball bite and maximum spin. Slice through the competition with the GAMMA® Zo Trist Racquet String.
** Learn more about Racquet Stringing Services available at select DICK's Sporting Goods locations **
- Pentagonal shaped copolymer polyester string with Twist Technology
- Twisted after the extrusion process for a distinct edge to create exceptional ball bite for maximum spin
- Guage: 16
- Length: 660'
- Color: Black
- Model: GTZWR-10
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 12174238


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Share Your Reflection

Remarkable. I am inspired by her insight and courage. I
Remarkable. I am inspired by her insight and courage. I really hope that religion will be reclaimed in years to come.

I think it might be possible to unify the purpose of
I think it might be possible to unify the purpose of religions under the banner of compassion, but if politics continues to have its own agenda, its own goals, purposes, methods and relies less on compassion and more on marketing and attendant deceptive practices, I can only see the two diverging. What would Karen say about that? If the big split occurred around the time of Descartes, toward a more 'intellectualizing' of religion, then turning 'heart-ward,' toward compassion,' means giving up reliance on intellectual thought - or at least controlling it in the name of too much egoism/egotism. I see humanists, generalists and tolerant-types as relying on 'science,' 'evidence,' and ecumenism [lifting up all against some form of darkness]. I see the resurgence of 'atheists' as a tendency toward denouncing all types of reliance on anything other than 'what works.'
In the name of the spirit, go from head to heart. --- a pilgrim

As a member of the Bahai Faith, its founder,Bahaullah has
As a member of the Bahai Faith, its founder,Bahaullah has instructed us to, "Consort with the followers of all religions with a spirit of friendliness and fellowship." Further He has stated, "If religion is the source of discord and disunity, rather there be no religion at all." The whole purpose of religion is to bring about unity, if religion does not bring about unity it ceases to be religion. At a local fair for the past twenty years I have had the priviledge of speaking with many people of many faiths and my only goal is to find something we each have in common. Thank you Karen Armstrong and NPR for all the wonderful work you do! Gratitude, Veronica
P.S. I have two different flyers on the Golden Rule, quotes from the world's religion, I would like to give to Ms. Armstrong. I think they would be helpful in her mission. Where do I send them?

all the great traditions are about compassion? well im a
all the great traditions are about compassion? well im a 2 year old theravada buddhist. compassion for me is the act of relieving my suffering and that of others. as for orthodoxy - it is definitely present in Theravada, but i have seen the light and will endeavour not to be dogmatic.


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Agúst Gudmundsson
Agúst has been flying hang gliders since 1986. In 2001 he started paragliding and has been flying both hang and paragliders in recent years. He also has a PPL licence since 1995. In 2003 he built a Skyranger ultralight and has been flying ultralights since then together with all other flying. For the last 15 years he has been organizing and running HG and PG competitions most of which have been FAI Cat2 competitions and also acting as an instructor. Agúst has 4 children, and most of the family are also flying paragliders (wife, two sons and his son's girlfriend). He has been working as a manager of a software house since 1981. Since 1997 Agúst has attended CIVL plenary meetings and in Guatemala 2005 he was elected as a Vice President. Agúst is also acting as a vice president of the Icelandic NAC.


text: CASE NUMBER: 43 CASE MNEMONIC: LOBSTER CASE NAME: Lobster Dispute A. IDENTIFICATION 1. The Issue Is the Homarus Americanus (American Lobster) in danger of extinction? The case involves Canada and the United States and was brought up for arbitration under the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement. The panel determined that the species was in danger of extinction and restrictions were placed on lobster fishing rights. However, there were side issues involving the importation of Canadian lobsters into the United States and administrative problems in distinguishing between the two countriesţ lobsters. Here, the panel sided with the United States on the grounds of administrative expense. 2. Description In 1985 there was a large decrease in marine life in North Atlantic waters, especially the American lobster (Homarus americanus). Scientists and lobstermen alike noticed the depletion of the stock. U.S. lobster-boat owners were threatened by low stocks and import competition from the subsidized Canadian fleet.(1) In 1989, the U.S. government took measures to ensure effective management of U.S. commercial fishery stock (including lobsters) by placing on the books the Magnuson Act Amendment. That move was quickly challenged by Canada as violating Article 407 of the United States - Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which incorporates Article XI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). According to the Magnuson Act Amendment, it is illegal to ship, move, sell or buy Homarus americanus lobsters that are smaller than minimum size for harvesting determined through the American Lobster Fishery Management Plan. It is also illegal to deal in the lobsters if they are egg-bearing females or if there is evidence their egg cases have been forcibly removed.(2) Canada challenged the new law as a de facto non-tariff trade barrier and suggested the law was targeted at Canadian lobster imports to the U.S. The United States argued that the new law was a legitimate federal step to protect dwindling lobster populations, was clearer than past regulation attempts and did not treat U.S. and Canadian lobster fishers unequally. From a scientific perspective, the U.S. further argued, size is a good measure of a lobsterţs maturity because the animals grow by shedding their external shells, or ţmolting.ţ American lobsters molt 20 to 25 times between hatching and sexual maturity, according to biologists. They generally reach U.S. legal commercial size after five to seven growing seasons, depending on water temperatures. The U.S. also argued that in the event GATT Article XI was violated by the new lobster protection law, any oversight panel should look instead to GATT Article XX (g), which sets up a balancing test as to whether a restriction ţrelates to conservationţ or is a ţdisguised restriction on international trade.ţ (see TUNA case). The United States cited the FTA Panel report in Herring and Salmon case for the application of Article XX (g) in a situation similar to the present one. As specified in the report, a measure must satisfy four conditions in order to qualify for an Article XX (g) exemption: (1) the measure must relate to an exhaustible natural resource; (2) domestic production or consumption of the product must be limited; (3) the measure may not create arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between foreign countries; and (4) the measure must be primarily aimed at conservation. The United States argued that lobsters are a natural resource than can be exhausted by overfishing. Second, United States domestic production of lobsters is limited by a series of state and federal measures. Third, the amendment applies equally to foreign and domestic lobsters. Finally, the amendment is a law enforcement measure designed to prevent harvesting of small lobsters in the United States. The Salmon and Herring Panel had devised two tests to determine whether a measure is "primarily aimed at conservation" (see SALMON case). First, the panel sought to determine whether the measure provided real conservation benefits and whether other measures might have accomplished the same objective. Second, the panel sought to determine whether the measure would have been adopted had the measure paid for its costs. The United States argued that the 1989 amendment provides genuine conservation benefits and, therefore, meets the first test. To support this argument, the United States claimed that the amendment eliminates the harvest of sub-sized lobsters in the American fishery by taking away any financial incentive at the marketplace. In addition, the United States argued that the amendment was carefully drafted to avoid undue trade restrictions, while serving as an important conservation measure. The United States contended that no practicable alternative to the measures implemented by the amendment exists. The U.S. also argued the amendment meets the second test because U.S. nationals have been bearing the costs of minimum size requirements alone since 1988. U.S. firms may not sell sub-sized lobsters anywhere in the world, while third country markets are open to smaller Canadian lobsters. Canada argued that GATT exceptions should be narrowly construed and the United States had not met its burden of proving the 1989 amendment falls within Article XX (g). Canada contended that the 1989 amendment was a disguised restriction on international trade, adopted in response to the perception in the U.S. Congress that American lobstermen were at a competitive disadvantage. The United States responded with an import ban on Canadian small live lobsters. Although Canada agreed that lobsters are an exhaustible natural resource, it maintained that the amendment was not primarily aimed at conservation. The 1989 amendment was not directed as the catch in the United States waters and did nothing to add to the conservation measure already in place. Because the 1989 amendment banned only Canadian lobsters, Canada argued it was not directed at U.S. lobster catches. Canada also argued that it faced excessive administrative costs in helping the U.S. carry out the new restrictions, in part because checks of U.S. catch are done at dockside but Canadian lobsters face such checking and rejection when attempts are made to import them to the U.S. by road or by air -- many more sites to oversee, with resulting higher costs. Thus, the 1989 amendment deals with the resource enforcement problem in a trade restrictive manner and places the burden of the United States' enforcement efforts on Canada. Canada claimed that Article XX disallowed the most trade-restrictive approach to deal with a domestic situation. Finally, Canada argued that no effective restrictions exist on the production of lobster in the United States. Canada pointed to the lack of uniform size restrictions among individual states and the federal government. Because state laws governing the catch of lobster can be changed regardless of federal law, Canada contended that the United States did not impose effective conservation measures concerning lobster. A panel of experts was asked to broker the dispute under the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (since succeeded by the North American Free Trade Agreement). Both the United States and Canada sought answers to two questions: (1) Are the Magnuson Act amendments regarding size of Homarus americanus lobsters taken for commercial use inconsistent with the Free Trade Agreement and, through that, with GATT Article XI? (2) If so, could the Magnuson amendment be eligible for exemption under GATTţs Article XX? The five-member panel was established and a majority decision was issued on May 21, 1990.(g) The majority agreed with the United States, that it was within the U.S. federal jurisdiction to ban the import of live lobsters that did not meet a specific size requirement. In an odd turn of events, in 1991 there was a surge in the number of lobsters in Canadian and U.S. waters. There was no explanation for it; it was not necessarily attributed to the new U.S. regulations. In some areas populations appear to have grown yearly despite falling trends elsewhere -- in Connecticut, for example. (g) 3. Related Cases TUNA Case TUNA2 Case SALMON Case DONUT Case CANCOD Case UKCOD Case SHRIMP Case SHARK Case Keyword Clusters (1): Trade Product = FOOD (2): Bio-geography = OCEAN (3): Environmental Problem = Species Loss Sea [SPLS] 4. Draft Author: Michaelle Burstin and Amy Craft B. LEGAL Filters 5. Discourse and Status: DISagreement and COMPlete The case was completed on May 21, 1990 when the five panelists issued the final report. The majority determined that the U.S. ban on lobster imports that did not meet a specific size standard was not GATT-illegal and was in fact recognized under Article III. 6. Forum and Scope: NAFTA and MULTIlateral The case forced the clarification of Articles III and XI in the GATT. As a result, both the United States and Canada drew from FTA and GATT decisions to demonstrate how these articles had been applied in the past. Below are some of these relevant decisions. (1) FTA Decisions In the Matter of Canada' s Landing Requirement For Pacific Coast Salmon and Herring, Final Report of the Panel, October 16, 1989. (2) GATT Decisions Canada - Administration of the Foreign Investment Review Act, L/5504, July 25,1983. Canada - Import Restrictions on Ice Cream and Yoghurt, L/6568, September 27, 1989. Canada - Measures Affecting Exports Unprocessed Herring and Salmon, L/6268, November 20, 1987. European Community Programme of Minimum Import Prices, Licenses and Surety Deposits For Certain Processed Fruits and Vegetables, L/4687, October 4, 1978. European Economic Community - Restrictions on Imports of Apples - Complaint by the United States, L/6513, June 9, 1989. Japan - Restrictions on Imports of Certain Agricultural Products, L/6253, November 18,1987. Japan - Trade in Semiconductors, L/6309, March 24, 1988. Panel on Import, Distribution and Sale of Alcoholic Drinks by Canadian Provincial Marketing Agencies, L/6304, February 5, 1988. United States - Prohibition of Imports of Tuna and Tuna Products from Canada, L/5198, December 22, 1981. United States - Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, L/6439, January 16, 1989. United States - Taxes on Petroleum and Certain Imported Substances, L/6715, June 5, 1987. 7. Decision Breadth: 117 (GATT signatories) 8. Legal Standing: TREATY C. GEOGRAPHIC Filters 9. Geographic Locations a. Geographic Domain : ATLANTIC b. Geographic Site : Northern Atlantic [NATL] c. Geographic Impact : USA Prior to 1950, the lobster fishery in the United States remained essentially in a shoal-water, coastal trap fishery. Since then, the lobster fishery has expanded to include deep water trap fishery along the continental shelf off Southern New England. The off-shore lobster fishery industry in the United States takes place from Rhode Island down to North Carolina. Today there are two major harvest areas in the United States: the in-shore waters of coastal states from Maine to New Jersey out to a depth of 40 to 100 meters and the Continental margin from Corsair Canyon to Cape Hatteras (Rhode Island to North Carolina) in depths of 100 to 600 meters. In Canada, there are three major areas of harvest: the Gulf of St. Lawrence along the coasts of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and around Prince Edward Island (which accounts for 55 percent of Canada's landings), the Gulf of St. Lawrence along the Coasts of Quebec, and the Atlantic coasts of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Newfoundland. 10. Sub-National Factors: NO 11. Type of Habitat: OCEAN D. TRADE Filters 12. Type of Measure: Import Standard [IMSTD] Under the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement, a case can be heard by a five member panel under section 1807 of the agreement. This permits an advisory panel to render advisory opinions and recommendations dispute settlement. This provides for oral argument, written submissions, an initial report, comments by the parties and a final report that must be issued within 120 days of the formation of the panel. Whether the amended Magnuson Act conflicts with obligations of the United States under FTA Article 407 (which incorporates GATT Article XI), a majority of three members of the Panel concluded that there was no conflict. 13. Direct vs. Indirect Impacts: DIRect The regulations in place from 1988 through late 1989 prohibited the marketing of virtually all domestic lobsters below the federal minimum size. By contrast, the same sized Canadian lobsters could be bought and sold freely under federal law, whenever accompanied by written certification....The Magnuson Act amendment...served to redress an imbalance in the application of the federal minimum size restriction that had treated domestic lobsters more harshly than Canadian lobsters. 14. Relation of Measure to Environmental Impact a. Directly Related : YES LOBSTer b. Indirectly Related : NO c. Not Related : NO d. Process Related : YES Species Loss Sea [SPLS] 15. Trade Product Identification: LOBSTer 16. Economic Data In 1988, total landings of American lobsters were worth $95.4 million for 14,462 metric tons. Most of the landings were in Maine, the leading lobster producing U.S. state. For the United States, most lobsters are consumed domestically and the United States only exports 2,500 tons per year, valued at $23.5 million. U.S. imports account for 45 to 50 percent of the total lobster consumption in the United States. The United States claimed that the Canadian estimate of trade effect was too high because small lobsters will continue to be harvested. The United States claimed that a more realistic figure would lie between C$11.1 million and C$23.7 million annually. More importantly, according to the United States, the 1989 amendment presented Canadian firms with viable options for marketing lobster. Specifically, the United States listed four options for Canadian firms in responding to the amendment: a. Allow the small lobsters to remain in the water to increase in size and reproduce; b. Freeze, cook, or can small lobsters and sell them in the United States, Canada or abroad; c) Sell small lobsters in Europe or Japan; and d) Market small lobsters in a combination of b and c. The United States believed that should Canada chose option "a" -- it would have minor adverse trade effects in the short term and likely to be of net commercial benefit to Canada in the medium and long term. In 10 years Canada could see benefits equal $C4.7 million annually. In 1988, Canada's lobster landings were 40,392 tons. Canada sold 48 percent (19,619 tons) on the live lobster market and of that, 14,528 tons was exported to the United States. Most Canadian lobster is exported to the United States. In 1988, out of 80 million pounds of lobster harvested in Canada, 56 million were exported to the United States live, canned or frozen. The live lobster exports totaled almost 32 million pounds (14,528 tons) with a total export value of C$192 million. Both Canada and the United States agree that the proportion of total lobster landings in Canada below the U.S. Federal minimum lobster size requirements was between 8 percent and 8.4 percent in 1990, 12.1 percent and 12.4 percent in 1991 and 16.1 percent and 16.9 percent in 1992. However, Canada asserts that the percentage of these that are exported was much higher causing adverse economic affects on Canada. Canada asserted that the number of live lobsters legally harvested from Canadian waters which do not meet U.S. federal minimum size requirement and were exported to the United States were actually much higher: 18 percent in 1990, 26 percent in 1991 and 34 percent in 1992. Based on an independent assessment prepared by a Canadian accounting and management firm, Canada argued that implementation of the 1989 amendment over the next three years would cost Canadian lobstermen $127 million. This calculation was based on volume and value estimates of lobsters harvested in Canada in 1990-92, average growth in the Canadian harvest from 1986-88; quantity and value of Canadian lobsters available for the live market in 1990-92; percentage destined for the live market in 1986-88; quantity; the value of live lobsters expected to be exported to the United States in 1990-92 based on the base period; and an estimate of the percentage of the live catch available for fresh consumption that falls below the United States minimum size limits for 1990-92. Canada argued that trade effects could be even greater than $127 million. The 1989 amendment may increase Canadian lobster prices to cover extra culling for the U.S. market. Increased price, in turn, might reduce the export market and any increased supply of small fresh live lobsters could depress the price of lobster in Canada and in third countries. 17. Impact of Measure on Trade Competitiveness: BAN 18. Industry Sector: FOOD 19. Exporter and Importer: CANADA and USA E. ENVIRONMENT Filters 20. Environmental Problem Type: Species Loss Sea [SPLS] The Magnuson Act Amendment was created to ensure uniform and effective management of lobsters. It was the result of concern about overfishing and the need to safeguard lobster populations. One of the important issues that the Panel had to determine was whether Article XX(g) applied instead. This measure attempts to to determine if a measure actually 'relates to conservation' or is a 'disguised restriction on international trade.' In order for a measure to fall under Article XX(g) the following four conditions must be met: 1. The measure must relate to an exhaustible natural resource; 2. Domestic production or consumption of the product must be limited; 3. The measure may not create arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between foreign countries; and 4. The measure must be primarily aimed at conservation. The Panel decided by majority that Article III did apply. Therefore, Article XX (g) was not an issue for them but the minority did examine Article XX(g)'s application and stated the following. From what they regarded as unduly limited information made available to the Panel, these members were unable to draw a conclusion that the amendment was 'primarily aimed' at conservation. They considered that the United States had not made the case strongly enough to lead them to conclude that conservation was the primary motivation. 21. Name, Type, and Diversity of Species Name: Lobster Type: Animal/Crustacean/Homarus Americanus Diversity: Sustainable yield of 3,850,000 metric tons /year (Northwest Atlantic) 22. Resource Impact and Effect: LOW and REGULatory 23. Urgency and Lifetime: LONG and 3-5 years 24. Substitutes: LIKE products Pollock is being used as a lobster substitute. VI. OTHER Factors 25. Culture: NO 26. Trans-Border: YES This is a problem because the territory of the lobster cross two national borders. 27. Rights: NO 28. Relevant Literature "Atlantic Industry Outlook to 1992." Provincial Industry Economics Service - Atlantic (January 15, 1991). Beamish, Rita. "Mulroney Visits Bush at Kennebunkport for Business, Pleasure." The Associated Press (August 30, 1989). "Dispute Resolution Under U.S. - Canada FTA Examined at Administrative Conference Forum." BNA International Trade Daily (May 3, 1991). Federal Register. Department of Commerce (December 4, 1987): 46088. Franckling, Ken. "Stormy Seas: Disagreement over Stock Depletion and Fishing Boundaries." United Press International (August 25, 1985). Holbein, Jim. "Trade Agreements and Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in the Western Hemisphere." Case Western Law Review Journal (Fall, 1993). Laidler, John. "Lobsterman in a Boil Over New Size Limits; New England Regulations Intended to Protect Species." The Washington Post (September 19, 1989): Section 1, pg. A3. Lobsters from Canada. Final Report of the Panel. Secretariat File No. USA-89-1807-01. Musante, Fred. "Lobsterman are Delighted by the Catch, Not the Price." The New York Times (August 11, 1991): Section 12 CN, Page 1, Column 1. Neimeyer, Edwin B. "Roots -- How the Traditional Industries Prosper." New England Business News (December 1990). "President Reagan Transmits FTA Enabling Measure, Starts Fast-Track Clock Running." International Trade Reporter (July 27, 1988). "Press Conference by President Bush and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney." Federal News Service. The White House (August 31, 1989). "Stormy Waters." Maclean's (December 25, 1989). "U.S. Continues To Block Canadian Exports With Numerous Trade Barriers, Wilson Says." BNA International Trade Daily (May 6, 1992). References


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Weiss named new head coach of Marshall boys' hockey
MARSHALL – Going from a Moorhead High School hockey program steeped in tradition to a community where the sport is still working to get its foothold, Michael Weiss saw the Marshall boys' hockey program take a new step in its evolution last season while serving as an assistant on the Tigers' first-ever state tournament team.
The young coach and the relatively young program will get to continue to grow together, as Weiss was named the new head coach of Marshall Tigers hockey on Thursday. He replaces Dave Coudert, who resigned in May for personal reasons after coaching the team to its first state tournament appearance in his first and only year at the helm.
Weiss earned three varsity letters for the Moorhead Spuds before moving on to play collegiately at Concordia-Moorhead from 2007-11. Upon graduating from college, he went back to his old high school to serve as a junior varsity coach for one season. Weiss knows what it takes to be a part of a winning program and would like continue to implement what he's learned to help Marshall boys' hockey take its next steps forward.
"Hopefully we can keep going in the same direction," Weiss said. "I know a lot of the kids are already working hard towards next year, so hopefully we built a real footing last year and will be able to excel and keep building the youth program all the way up to high school."
Weiss came to Marshall last year to take a fourth-grade teaching position at West Side Elementary. He also served as an assistant hockey coach and assistant baseball coach at Marshall High School. His other coaching experiences includes serving as an assistant coach for the District Four High Performance 15's hockey team and coaching at the Blueline Hockey School in Moorhead.
Weiss is spending the summer in his hometown of Moorhead and is in the midst of coaching a month-long youth hockey camp. He is also helping lead a Legion baseball team. Although he has only been a coach for a short time, Weiss hasn't need much time to find his identity.
"Playing and coaching, I've always emphasized a hard work ethic," Weiss said. "If you're doing things right, if you're putting yourself in the right position and working hard, good things are going to happen. We're really going to push these kids to work as hard as they can and teach them the ins and outs of the game."
Weiss' familiarity with the Marshall hockey program and his obvious enthusiasm for teaching the game were two traits that helped him earn his new head coaching position.
"Michael has an excellent hockey background and has great passion and energy for the game," Marshall activities director Bruce Remme said in a press release. "Michael is a skilled teacher of hockey fundamentals, and has a strong desire to build the hockey program from the youth level all the way up to the high school team. We are excited about the energy and past experiences Michael brings to our program."
In Weiss' year as an assistant with the Tigers he got to see a hockey environment in the southwest part of the state that is a little different than what he had grown used to in Moorhead. The Spuds have nearly as many state tournament appearances (14) as the Marshall Tigers have years of existence (16). Though hockey will likely never be as big in southwest Minnesota as it is up north, Weiss found that there's clearly room for the sport to grow in Marshall.
"It didn't seem like there was as much excitement around the program and everything like that like I'm used to," Weiss said. "(In Moorhead) there are golf tournaments every summer supporting the hockey program. We started seeing some of that excitement (in Marshall) towards the end of the year when we got to the playoffs and to state and hopefully that will continue on through next year."
Weiss knows that building a strong program starts from the ground up and, though he doesn't have set plans yet, he would like to be involved in the Marshall youth program and start some fall clinics, have more skill-oriented practices and possibly also have a summer camp.
Looking towards next season with the Tigers, Weiss will have a tough task ahead of him if Marshall is to match the success it had last year. The Tigers lose 10 seniors from their 2012-13 squad, though they do return goalie Mason Campion, who set state tournament records for saves in regulation (58) and saves in a period (28) in his team's consolation game against Duluth-Marshall.
"I think we have a really good outlook," Weiss said. "Obviously we have Campion back in net and will have a strong 'D' core coming back along with some good forwards with (Andrew) Bell, (Blaine) Moran and (Brent) Haukom. I think we'll have a good foundation and we'll see what we have with the younger guys coming up."


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Astute Acton readers more than likely are aware already that U.S. Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) has fired another salvo in the ongoing battle to silence conservative voices. Durbin joins our progressive friends in the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility and As You Sow – both involved in proxy shareholder resolutions that would force companies to disclose donations to nonprofits – in their attempts to declare lights-out on the American Legislative Exchange Council.
At issue for Durbin is ALEC's draft legislation called the "Castle Doctrine Act," based on Florida's "Stand Your Ground" law. Apparently, Sen. Durbin doesn't like either, in much the same fashion ICCR and AYS dislike ALEC's stand on climate-change, genetically modified organisms, Citizens United and "Castle Doctrine."
In his letter sent last week to right-of-center and free-market think tanks across the country, Durbin demands "yes or no" answers. The numbered questions below are lifted directly from the Aug. 6 letter sent to the Center of the American Experiment in Minneapolis:
- Has Center of the American Experiment served as a member of ALEC or provided any funding to ALEC in 2013?
- Does Center of the American Experiment support the "stand your ground" legislation that was adopted as a national model and promoted by ALEC?


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Oregon Weather: What exactly is freezing fog?
Many visitors to Sunriver Resort and other Destination Hotels and Resorts Northwest properties comment on hearing the term "freezing fog", it's something much of the country (and world) may never have heard of! When temperatures at ground level drop to or below freezing, the water droplets that make up fog often freeze on contact. That's freezing fog! These supercooled water droplets actually remain in a liquid state until they come in to contact with something. And once they come in to contact with something, like the ground, trees and plants, cars, etc. they coat the surface and freeze completely. Freezing fog is not uncommon in the Pacific Northwest, especially in the higher elevations. It creates incredible landscapes and up close beauty!
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If every NFL roster were blown up and you had to start a team over from scratch with the goal of winning right now, which two safeties would you want?
That's the idea behind the NFL 1,000 series. We're not ranking players based on tackles, interceptions or Pro Bowls. Sure, those things factor in, but this is a scouting exercise. Our team of experienced scouts and I have watched film on the top 85 safeties in the NFL last season and narrowed that list down to give you the top 75 players in the league from the 2012 season.
Safeties were evaluated on four weighted criteria—coverage (40 points), run defense (15), tackling (20) and speed (25).
In the case of ties, I have asked myself, "Which player would I rather have on my team?" and set the rankings accordingly. Subjective? Yes. But ties are no fun.
The following scouting reports and grades are the work of months of film study from our team.


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The Art Department offers its majors the benefits of a small liberal arts college coupled with the resources and visibility of a major university. The major is open to any undergraduate student who has met the required prerequisites for the declaration of a major at Old Dominion University. A faculty committed to teaching provides students with individual attention in small to medium-sized classes. Members have achieved national recognition for their scholarly and creative work. Their fields of expertise include art and architectural history, art education, and such studio areas as drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, graphic design, sculpture, fibers, clay, and metalsmithing.
Old Dominion University | Art Department | Barry Arts Building | 4600 Monarch Way, Room 1000 | Norfolk VA 23529 | 757.683.4047


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Welcome to NUS BBA
At Asia's Global Business School, we seek students who demonstrate high EQ and a strong drive to pursue all-round excellence, in addition to having good communication and leadership skills.
We intend Singapore's NUS BBA to be the magnet in Asia for the most promising burgeoning leaders and managers with global aspirations; we are creating a communal hothouse for the best around the world to mingle, learn and grow together. While designing the ideal milieu for each Bizader's social, intellectual and leadership developments, we are also ensuring that Biz will
be the consummate cosmopolitan collegiate talent commune for building lifelong relationships.
We wish to be associated with the community of individually most valuable alumni -- being the most cherished professionals universally and having the strongest ties back to Biz. We are therefore always trying to globally attract the most enriching professors, the most engaging administrators and the most enterprising students to collectively empower a select and intimate circle of future movers and shakers of economies, societies and academia.


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Cogswell students are invited to join ASB for our first annual Festivus celebration!
When: December 14
Time: 6:00PM
Where: Dragon's Den at Cogswell College
What, you ask, is Festivus?
It's for the student who "reserves the right to celebrate a made-up holiday." Basically it's a chance to get together with your fellow students and relax after the grueling finals week.
What will happen during Festivus?
Potluck – everyone is encouraged to bring a delicious treat. Pizza and Festivus bagels will be provided.
Airing of Grievances – you get to tell the ones you love how they have disappointed you over the past year (but make it fun – so it's all in jest and no feelings hurt!)
Feats of Strength – Show how macho (what's the female version?) you are and challenge the event organizer to an arm wrestling match. Mats may be provided.
Raffle – at the end of the event, everyone who attended will be eligible to win an – as yet to be determined – fabulous prize.
Come and join us and most of all celebrate the end of finals!!


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Learn how to create your own ebooks with iBooks Author. Find out how to import text from Word or InDesign, add images and interactive widgets, include links and bookmarks, and export your book for publication as an EPUB or PDF.
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Turn your Pages documents into EPUBs that can be read in Apple iBooks, with these tutorials from Tony Harmer.
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Top Definition
An agreement between good friends, in witch, while having intercourse with their respective lovers, will cum on the face of said lover, and pronounce it as a gift from the friend.
So me and Zach have a cum-pact, and Cat was seriously pissed after I finished and told her, "That was from Zach."
by Zach Schoenfelder January 28, 2009
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug
The Urban Dictionary T-Shirt
Smooth, soft, slim fit American Apparel shirt. Custom printed. 100% fine jersey cotton, except for heather grey (90% cotton).Buy the t-shirt


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Incredibly soft oversized light gray knit top featuring a twisted wrap front and dolman sleeves with ribbing. Loose fit, plunging V front.
*Rayon/Cotton Blend
*26" length
*Model is wearing size small
*Measurements taken from size small
*Hand wash cold
Please use these size charts to help determine your size. Because sizing and cut will vary between brands, please use the charts as a general guide to compare the various size scales. If you have a specific sizing question or would like more information, please contact Customer Care.
Sizes listed are US, unless otherwise noted.
Emily Jean is a US size 0
Height: 5'9.5"
Bust: 32" / Waist: 23" / Hips: 34"
Astrological sign: Sagittarius
Can't live without: Zoe Cheleski
Tell us a secret: McDonald's is good for the soul!
If you're not utterly obsessed with your recent purchase, it's now so easy to send it back! All US returns can be completed online using our fast, hassle-free system. Check out the links below for more details.
Opened makeup, earrings, ear cuffs and panties cannot be returned.


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It's time for a very important announcement to be made and maybe you're wondering where to go for unique, customizeable invitations. Well look no further, as Polka Dot Design is proud to be your go-to source for all your baby shower invitations. Our collection is extensive, ranging from practical, contemporary invites, to more eccentric and playful invites. In fact, our collection of baby shower invitations is even gender-specific!
Our assortment of baby shower invitations for boys is one-of-a-kind. We've personally curated some of the best invitations in the business, in order to maximize our reliability as your number one source. Gearing up to become parents is a job in itself, so why not let the professionals handle your baby shower invitation plans?


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BrightLine Consumer POV: Hispanics
June 3, 2011
A recent BrightLine research brief provides data on the media consumption behavior of Hispanics as it relates to advanced television advertising.
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BEING FLYNN and Other Family Films
Posted on May 17, 2011
Being Flynn
While the title BEING FLYNN hints at the singular conflict of owning up to who you are, it actually speaks about two people – the father Jonathan Flynn (played by Robert De Niro) and his son, Nick (played by Paul Dano). In some ways, the title is as much a question as an assertion, asking us how much a son will become his father, how much he will become his own person. This particular father/son drama was first recounted in Another Bullshit Night in Suck City, Nick Flynn's memoir about encountering his father – who'd abandoned his family years before – at a homeless shelter in Boston in the 80s. Years later, writer/director Paul Weitz adapted this story into the feature film BEING FLYNN. For Weitz, "This idea of the disparity between a powerful father figure and how you see them functioning in the world is, I think, central to a lot of people's lives." Indeed the father/son conflict has been a powerful narrative in everything from Greek tragedy and Shakespeare's plays through to modern novels and films. But, as BEING FLYNN so lucidly explores, the relationship between a father and son can be profoundly complicated, moving from anger and revolt to acceptance and forgiveness. In the following slideshow, we look at the rich tradition of fathers/son stories in films, from comedies to dramas, from epic tales of power to small portraits of domestic tranquility.
Beginners (2011)
Mike Mills' sophomore movie BEGINNERS depicts one of the most complex and interesting father-son relationships seen on screen in recent years. In the movies, as well as in real life, father-son relationships, like most male/male interactions, are often awkward and understated. In BEGINNERS, however, the emotional interaction between thirtysomething Oliver (Ewan McGregor) and his aging father, Hal (Christopher Plummer, in an Oscar-winning performance), is refreshingly open and direct. This openness is no doubt a consequence of the powerfully honest admission Hal makes at the film's beginning, that, after his wife has passed away, he has decided to come out of the closet. For director Mike Mills, this real-life event inspired his movie. "BEGINNERS started when my father came out of the closet," writer-director Mike Mills says in his director's statement. "He was 75 years old, and had been married to my mother for 45 years. His hunger to completely change his life was confusing, painful, very funny, and deeply inspiring. Change, honesty, and openness can happen when it seems least likely. Even as he passed away five years later to cancer he was energized, reaching out; he wasn't in any way finished." BEGINNERS explores the wonderfully messy relationships that take place between people––between a man and a woman, between parents, between two men, and perhaps most poignantly between a father and his son. As such BEGINNERS joins a tradition of films exploring the complex father/son bond, a connection that the following movies deal with often by rooting their emotional dramas in real-life father and son relationships.
The Kid (1921)
Ironically, the first great film about a father-son relationship is not about an actual father and son. In Charlie Chaplin's The Kid, the bond between Chaplin's Little Tramp and the title character, played by Jackie Coogan, is all the more moving because there are no blood ties that bind the two. At the start of the movie, a baby boy is abandoned by his mother (Edna Purviance). After finding the enfant in a garbage can, the tramp rescues him and takes him in as his own. The two become inseparable. When it is discovered that the Tramp is not his real father, however, they are wrenched apart. The scene in which the cherubic waif Coogan is taken away from a distraught Chaplin is one of the most heartbreaking in all cinema, and the events surrounding the production make it clear why father-son separation was so painfully resonant for Charlie Chaplin. A few months before making The Kid, Chaplin's wife, Mildred Harris, gave birth to their first child, Norman Spencer Chaplin, who died when he was just three days old. Chaplin's reaction to this devastating event was to throw himself into his work, conceiving and then making The Kid. A few weeks after his son's death, he was auditioning babies for the film. However, The Kid was not simply a cathartic response to this tragic loss. It also addressed Chaplin's feelings about his own father, Charles Sr., a singer who was often on the road and with whom Chaplin had little contact growing up. Certain scenes in the film, played out by Chaplin and Coogan, were directly taken from Chaplin's experiences growing up except that, rather than his mother being the sole parent present, as was the case in young Charlie's childhood, this time it is the father and son who grow close as they laugh through tough times together.
The Champ (1931)
Chaplin's The Kid was so successful that inevitably it became the blueprint for father-son movies for years to come, and its influence is evident in King Vidor's 1931 film The Champ. Wallace Beery plays Andy "Champ" Purcell, a once-great boxer, who is now a no-good drunk and a gambler living in abject poverty in Tijuana. The one thing Champ has in life that he cares about is his button-cute, blond-haired son, Dink (Jackie Cooper), who adores his father despite his obvious flaws. As in The Kid, father and son are separated, but in this case the father decides that his son should not grow up with a deadbeat like himself and so sends him to live with his mother, Linda (Irene Rich), who has married into money after divorcing Champ. Dink, however, escapes from his luxurious existence to return to his father's side, thus inspiring Champ to turn his life around for the sake of his son. This heartwarming film was a massive hit, and its success resulted in Beery and Cooper reuniting again on screen a number of times in the following years, despite the fact that they did not get on well. (Cooper claims his aging co-star "always made me feel uncomfortable," and acted as if he were an "unkempt dog.") The Champ was also a critical smash, with Beery and screenwriter Frances Marion both winning Academy Awards, for Best Actor and Best Screenplay, respectively. It was Marion––who had previously written a number of movies for Beery, most notably Min and Bill––who conceived the idea for The Champ. The highly respected screenwriter found her inspiration while she was in Mexico, where she was supposed to be writing a Western for Beery: as she walked through Tijuana, she crossed paths with a drunken man who was staggering out of a bar, followed by a crowd, from which emerged a young boy, crying, "Can't you see the Champ needs some air." This touching moment planted a seed in Marion's mind, prompting her to jettison her plans for the cowboy movie and write a tearjerker instead.
I Was Born But... (1932)
Long before the director Yasujirō Ozu was considered one of Japan's most lyrical directors, with poetic domestic dramas like Tokyo Story and Late Autumn, he was making comedies. Ozu started making films in the 1920s, churning out formulaic college larks like I Graduated, but… and I Flunked, but… Even though the title of his 1932 I Was Born But … alludes to his earlier works, this emotionally powerful story of a father and his sons took Ozu's comedy to a new level. In the film, Yoshi (Tatsuo Saito), a young executive, moves his family out to the Tokyo suburbs for his new job. His two boys, Keiji (Tomio Aoki) and Ryoichi (Hideo Sugawara), are young imps, who, by tricks and twists, rise to the top of the juvenile pecking order in their new neighborhood. Their father, on the other hand, is made to conform to the corporate hierarchy imposed upon him by his new boss. To their horror, the boys, who want their father to be proud of their leadership skills, discover that he must kowtow to the man whose son they have made their subordinate. This kids comedy turns sadly serious when the boys turn on their father: "You tell us to become somebody, but you're nobody." It is also here, when the boys must put away childish things and face the reality of the adult world, that we truly see Ozu's skill as a filmmaker. "I started to make a film about children and ended up with a film about grown-ups," Ozu acknowledges. And while the opening credits called the film a "picture book for grown-ups," the distribution company delayed the film's release by two months, unsure what to do with its "unexpectedly dark subject." But the critics applauded the film's tone, awarding it first place at the Kinema Junpo Awards that year. In 1959, Ozu created a loose remake of I Was Born But… with Good Morning.
The Bicycle Thief (1948)
Vittorio De Sica's The Bicycle Thief, one of the defining works of Italian neorealist cinema, has at its core a touching father-son relationship. The movie follows down-on-his-luck Antonio (Lamberto Maggiorani) as he and his young son, Bruno (Enzo Staiola), walk the streets of Rome, looking for the thief who has stolen the bicycle Antonio needs in order to do his job, putting up posters around the city. Bruno devotedly helps his father, and is a companion in his misfortune. In a memorable scene, Antonio takes Bruno to a posh restaurant to try to forget, for just a short while, the loss of the bicycle. Sitting among the rich patrons, Antonio orders food for himself and Bruno that he cannot afford, conspiratorially saying to his son, "If your mother saw you... But we won't tell her about this." It is understandable that De Sica was preoccupied with father-son relationships during the making of The Bicycle Thief, as his partner, actress Maria Mercader, was at the time pregnant with their first son, Manuel. When De Sica was casting non-actors for the roles in the film, he chose factory worker Lamberto Maggiorani to play Antonio in part because he brought his son along with him to the audition. De Sica portrays the bond between Antonio and Bruno as very special, yet the simplicity of their familial interaction was something he himself struggled to achieve. Though while making The Bicycle Thief De Sica was living with Mercader––who he would finally marry in 1969––he was still married to Giuditta Rissone, who was the motherof his daughter, Emi. Unable to divorce Rissone, De Sica chose to be a father to two families, and would split his evenings between his children in two households. (Apparently on New Year's Eve, he would put the clock back two hours in Mercader's house so that he could ring in the new year with both families!)
Rebel without a Cause (1955)
While the films covered so far have idealized and, in some cases, romanticized father-son relationships, the same cannot be said of Nicholas Ray's Rebel Without A Cause. In this classic film about restless youth, James Dean's protagonist, Jim Stark, looks down upon his pitifully weak father, Frank (played by Jim Backus), who is dominated by Jim's mother, the unquestioned head of the family. In one scene, in which Mrs. Stark (Ann Doran) says that they will have to move once again because of Jim's bad behavior, Jim looks to his father for support, asking him to take his side against his mother. He begs, "Dad, stand up for me. Stand up!" His father, however, cannot. Ray's contempt for Frank Stark––and fathers in general––is apparent, and allegedly there was even a scene at the start of Rebel, cut before the film's release, in which some young hooligans beat up a father. (The only positive portrayal of a paternal relationship is in the "fantasy family," in which Jim acts as a father figure to the fatherless Plato (Sal Mineo), with Natalie Wood's Judy as the mother.) In I Was Interrupted: Nicholas Ray on Making Movies, Ray reflected on what may have been the source of his negative feelings towards father figures: "I learned to drive when I was 13 so I could get my father home safe from his nightly rounds of speakeasies and bootleggers. ...At the age of 14 I learned of his mistress. At 15 I made an unsuccessful pass at her. One night at age 16 my father could not be found. I went hunting for his mistress, and found her in a speakeasy across from a brewery my father had built. She led me to a hotel room. He was lying in sweat and puke ...I took him home and nursed him through the night." After returning from school that day, Ray's father was dead.
Bigger Than Life (1956)
A year after Rebel without Cause, Nicholas Ray revisited the theme of father/son relations from a different direction in Bigger Than Life. Based on a 1955 New Yorker article 'Ten Feet Tall" by Berton Roueché about the devastating psychological side effects of the drug cortisone, Bigger than Life transformed the true-life medical case study into a more expansive melodrama about American post-war values. In the film, James Mason (who also produced the film) plays Ed Avery, an elementary school teacher living in an unnamed suburban town with his wife Lou (Barbara Rush) and their son, Richie (Christopher Olsen). Avery, who's working two jobs in the impossible pursuit of trying to give his family everything the post-war American dream imagines they need, ultimately collapses from exhaustion and his doctors prescribe a new miracle drug called cortisone. While Avery recovers, the drug slowly changes Avery's mental state, transforming the easy-going educator into an aggressive egomaniac father who begins to demand an inhumane perfection from his son. The insanity reaches a fever pitch when Avery seeks to literally sacrifice his own son over the pleas of his wife, who reminds him "But God stopped Abraham." Avery chilling response is simply "God was wrong." In the end, Avery is stopped, re-medicated and returned to the lovely dad he once was. Nicholas Ray, who was hired to direct, attempted to open up the original screenplay by bringing in Clifford Odets to expand on Cyril Hume and Richard Maibaum's screenplay. But it was Ray's use of cinemascope framing and expressive lighting that really pushed this tale of medical malfeasance into a torturous tale of fatherhood run amok.
The Godfather (1972)
Of all the many dramatic conflicts in Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather, one of the most interesting is the relationship between Vito Corleone (Marlon Brando), the old school Mafia don, and Michael (Al Pacino), his youngest son. Michael initially absents himself from the family business, seeming "above" his father's world of organized crime; however, he is drawn in after corrupt cop McCluskey (Sterling Hayden) breaks his jaw. We then see the aloof, college-educated Michael––motivated by hurt pride, revenge and familial duty––transform into a cold-blooded killer, much to the distress of Vito, who wanted him to remain distanced from organized crime. While Vito believes in an increasingly antiquated code of honor among Mafiosi, when Michael takes over the family business, he not only modernizes operations but employs a heartless, ruthless approach that is totally antithetical to the way his father believed things should be done. There are interesting parallels between Vito and Michael and writer-director Coppola and his father, Carmine. When Francis showed an interest in the theater while at Hofstra University, Carmine voiced his disapproval. A musician and composer who had always lacked financial stability in his job, Carmine was against his son following in his footsteps by joining an artistic profession, and instead encouraged Francis to study engineering. Ultimately, however, Coppola's success as a filmmaker allowed Carmine to finally fulfill his own creative potential: Coppola hired him to write and conduct music for his films, and in 1975 Carmine won the Academy Award for Best Music (Original Dramatic Score) for The Godfather: Part II. Cradling his own Oscar and that of Nino Rota, his musical co-contributor on the film, Carmine beamed, "I don't mind holding a baton, but my arms are killing me holding two Oscars." That night, his son won the Academy Awards for Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture for The Godfather: Part II.
The Great Santini (1979)
Pat Conroy's semi-autobiographical The Great Santini, a novel about his father – a marine pilot in South Carolina who turns his home and his family's life into a war zone – proved at first too real to be plausible. Conroy relates, "I sent it off to the editor, and she just didn't believe any of it. The reason, she said: He doesn't ever do anything nice." Even though Conroy confirmed with his brothers and sisters that in fact his father never did do anything nice, he agreed to soften the story to make it more believable. The book, which was published in 1976, became a bestseller and brought to light the kind of abusive father/son relationship that many of Conroy's readers had themselves experienced. Indeed, the book not only testified to his own experiences, but was used in court by his mother, who entered it as evidence in her divorce proceedings against Marine Col. Donald Conroy. In 1979, Lewis John Carlino adapted and directed Conroy's novel with Robert Duvall in the role of the Marine fighter pilot Lt. Col. Wilbur "Bull" Meecham, aka "the Great Santini," and Michael O'Keefe as Ben, the 18-year-old son who is a stand-in for Conroy. In his New York Times review, Vincent Canby noted the film's power in refiguring the nature of the American family, saying it was "so good when it is evoking the dangerously tangled feelings that exist just below the surface of civilized behavior." Both father and son ended up being nominated for Oscars – Best Actor for Duvall and Best Supporting Actor for O'Keefe.
Kramer Vs. Kramer (1979)
In some ways, Kramer Vs. Kramer is a modern––and much more emotionally complex––take on the story first presented in The Kid. Adapted from the novel by Avery Corman, Robert Benton's film centers on the custody battle between divorcing parents Ted (Dustin Hoffman) and Joanna Kramer (Meryl Streep) over their young son, Billy (Justin Henry). The film begins with workaholic ad exec Ted learning that Joanna is leaving him to "find herself" on the same day he lands a big account. Ted is left to look after Billy, however things initially do not go smoothly: Billy misses his mother, and Ted, who is used to spending most of his time at the office, has to reduce his workload in order to meet the demands of fatherhood. Over time, however, the two become close, and so when later Joanna reappears and asks for Billy back, Ted refuses. Kramer Vs. Kramer was a huge critical and financial success and, moreover, the film's moving depiction of Ted and Billy's relationship lead to a shift in opinion on paternal custody. The movie dominated the 1979 Academy Awards, winning Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor (Hoffman) and Best Supporting Actress (Streep). When Dustin Hoffman accepted his Oscar, he joked, "I want to thank divorce," however, there was great poignancy in his comment. Hoffman had split from his first wife, Anne Byrne, prior to shooting, and so there was a powerful resonance for him in the role of Ted Kramer. Byrne had custody of their two daughters, Jennifer and Karina, but he made efforts to spend as much time with them as he could. "You kid yourself if you think being separated does not have a traumatic effect on children," he told an interviewer at the time. "They are going to feel that it is somehow expected that they favor one parent over the other, and that causes conflict." Hoffman was extremely emotionally invested in the film and was such an active contributor that writer-director Robert Benton even offered to share his screenwriting credit with Hoffman. A year after Kramer Vs. Kramer was released Hoffman married Lisa Gottsegen; the couple has four kids, including two sons, and remains happily married.
At Close Range (1986)
While James Foley's 1986 thriller At Close Range feels like a classic Greek tragedy about a father and son, the story was taken from actual events. In 1978, the nearly two-decade-long crime spree of Bruce Alfred Johnston Sr., a rural mafia head, was brought to an end when his son, Bruce Jr., testified against him. The family had been torn apart the year before when three members of an apprentice crew, dubbed the "kiddy gang," were found executed and buried in a barren Pennsylvania field. Among the victims was Johnston's stepson, whom Johnston feared was talking to the police. When producer Elliott Lewitt came across the remarkable story in the newspaper in 1978, he tapped Nicholas Kazan to adapt it into a feature film. For years, the much-praised script made the rounds of various studios, but no one stepped up to fund it. It was only when Sean Penn signed on to make the project – on the condition that his friend James Foley directed – that it got greenlit. Penn at the time exclaimed, "I think At Close Range is one of the great scripts I've ever read." In the film, Penn was cast as Brad Whitewood Jr., the son of Brad Whitewood Sr. (Christopher Walken). Sean Penn's own brother, Chris Penn, played Tommy Whitewood, his character's brother. When the boys start their own criminal gang, imitating their father's enterprise, things start to go terribly wrong. What made the movie memorable for so many critics was the powerful performances of the father and son. Roger Ebert declared that this was the chance to "watch two great actors, Penn and Walken, at the top of their forms in roles that give them a lot to work with."
A Bronx Tale (1993)
In 1989, Robert De Niro caught actor Chazz Palminteri's one-man show A Bronx Tale at the 91st Street Playhouse in New York City. The play, culled from Palminteri's recollections of the people he grew up with in his Italian-American neighborhood, had become a very popular theatrical experience. The material and characters were so rich and vibrant that De Niro quickly decided this would be the story he would tell for his first foray into film directing. Palminteri was thrilled with De Niro's interest, but had two conditions: one, he would write the screenplay and, two, he would star in it. In Palminteri's screenplay, A Bronx Tale becomes a tale of two fathers for the young Calogero (Francis Capra). On the one hand, there is his real dad, Lorenzo Anello (De Niro), who is a law-abiding bus driver and, on the other hand, the local mob chief, Sonny (Palminteri), who takes a shine to Calogero after he lies to the police for him. Having been directed by some of world's greatest directors, De Niro looked to the Italian neorealists, at least in his casting. He explains, "A year before we stared shooting, I said I wanted to find real people. I did not want to be using an actor, or some precocious young kid who has done too many commercials, I wanted people who were genuine, as genuine as I could get." As such, the film maintains a rawness that reminded many of the work of De Niro's most obvious movie mentor, Martin Scorsese. But, in many ways, De Niro's directorial style pushes his cinematic father aside. Rather than playing the gangster (his usual Scorsese part), De Niro plays the quiet citizen. And his story, rather than a down-and-dirty mafia thriller, focuses on character-driven drama. As New York Magazine critic David Denby wrote, "De Niro may not be a demon, like his friend Scorsese, but he has humor and warmth of character."
In the Name of the Father (1994)
One of the most painful and moving depictions of the relationship between a father and son can be found in Jim Sheridan's In the Name of the Father, the harrowing true story of Gerry and Giuseppe Conlon. A member of the Guildford Four, petty thief Gerry Conlon was sent to prison in 1975 for his supposed involvement in the Irish Republican Army's bombing of a pub in the English town of Guildford. His father, Giuseppe, followed him to England to help get him acquitted, but was arrested shortly after and sent to jail on a trumped up charge of possessing explosives. In Sheridan's film, Pete Postlethwaite and Daniel Day-Lewis play Giuseppe and Gerry, respectively, a father and son both convicted of crimes they did not commit. The ingenious conceit of In the Name of the Father is that, though this is not historically accurate, it places the two men in the same prison cell, which becomes the stage on which the evolution of their relationship plays out. In his video essay on the movie, the New York Times' A.O. Scott says, "At the start of the film they're in a state of almost constant conflict: Giuseppe is a modest, conservative, lower middle class family man––he's everything Gerry is rebelling against. Gerry sees Giuseppe as boring and predictable but, as their ordeal goes on, he comes to appreciate his father's steadfastness. And this change in Gerry's understanding of his father changes him." Day-Lewis, famous for his Method approach to acting, spoke with an Irish accent throughout the shoot, spent his nights in a jail cell, and asked the crew to verbally abuse and throw water over him. While those aspects were no doubt traumatic for him, the film also allowed Day-Lewis to key into (and possibly resolve) some of the issues in his relationship with his own father, the late poet and author Cecil Day-Lewis. Just a few years before making In the Name of the Father, Day-Lewis was playing the lead role in Hamlet, and during one performance, he collapsed and then rushed from the stage, crying uncontrollably. The incident took place during the scene where Hamlet sees his father's ghost, and Day-Lewis later revealed that he had seen the ghost of his own father on stage that night. Day-Lewis has never acted in the theatre since.
The Sum of Us (1994)
In Beginners, Mike Mills explores the relationship between a gay father and his son, and so The Sum of Us––about a father and his gay son––can be seen as a companion piece of sorts to the film. Adapted from his own play by acclaimed Australian screenwriter David Stevens, The Sum of Us tells the story of Harry (Jack Thompson), a widower who lives with his twentysomething gay son, Jeff (Russell Crowe). While one might expect the film's narrative arc to be devoted to the difficult journey Harry takes in accepting his son's sexuality, in The Sum of Us Harry is in fact so comfortable with Jeff being gay that he is a little too direct about it sometimes. When Jeff comes home sweaty from working out, Harry asks him if he had sex on the way home. When Jeff brings home Greg (John Polson), as the three men sit on the sofa drinking beer, Harry jokily says "Up yer bum!" rather than the traditional "Bottom's up!" Stevens enjoys subverting our expectations: when Harry says to Jeff, in shocked tones, "You've done it with girls? You never told me!" Speaking about the genesis of the characters, Stevens––who himself is gay––says, "I know sort of where the dad came from. That wasn't my relationship with my father––my relationship with my father was exactly the reverse––but I have seen those relationships. When I was about 17, I was picked up in London by this beautiful Cockney boy and we went back to his place and 'did it.' I felt sleepy, and so he said, 'It's alright, you can stay.' I was drowsy in the morning, and the door burst open and his mum came in, tapped me on the shoulder and said, 'Do you take sugar in your tea?' "
Billy Elliot (2000)
In Billy Elliot, director Stephen Daldry's Oscar-nominated, coming-of-age movie, the eponymous hero (Jamie Bell) must fight against his father's rigid, conventional views of masculinity. Growing up in a mining town in the North of England during the Thatcherite 1980s, there were certain expectations about what kind of extracurricular activities were acceptable for a teenage boy. And, unfortunately for Billy, ballet––which he discovers he has an innate ability for––is not one of those activities. In the midst of a miners strike, the last thing Billy's widowed father, Jackie (Gary Lewis), wants to find out is that his son has secretly been doing a girlie thing like ballet, rather than the boxing he signed up for. However, after Billy's shameful secret is revealed, we see Jackie grappling with himself––and the fear that his son might be gay––and ultimately coming to the realization that, at a time when misery is all around, he just wants his son to be happy. He then makes a huge sacrifice, and does the unthinkable by crossing the picket line in order to give Billy a chance at making it, and memorably saying, "He might be a fucking genius, for all we know." For Jamie Bell, the gifted young dancer-turned-actor who played Billy, a lack of paternal support was nothing new: his father left before he was born, and he was brought up by his mother and sister. "I don't miss him," Bell said in a recent interview. "How could I? You don't miss what you never had." However, during the course of making Billy Elliot, Stephen Daldry took it upon himself to act as Bell's father figure. Bell, who lived with Daldry for some time after filming, said of their relationship in 2002, "I would kind of like him to be my dad and he'd like me to be his son."
Road to Perdition (2002)
After his satire of family values, American Beauty, Sam Mendes wanted to change direction for his next project and finally landed on the script for Road to Perdition, a dark gangster film set in Al Capone's Chicago. Far from ironic, the story of Michael Sullivan (Tom Hanks), a hired killer who turns against the mob to save his young son, Michael Sullivan Jr. (Tyler Hoechlin), was mythic in feel and scope. The story was adapted from Max Allan Collins' graphic novel of the same name, which itself was inspired by the 70s Japanese Manga called Lone Wolf and Cub, about a Shōgun's executioner forced into exile along with his son. The theme of fathers and sons runs deep in this nearly all-male film, with Paul Newman, the mob boss, acting as a surrogate dad. Jude Law, who plays another hit man in the film, explains, "It's about a father and son finding each other in the most adverse of conditions." In approaching the script, Hanks told dealmemo.com how he made the 20s gangster plot personal "by looking back at the relationship that I had with my own father, as well as the relationship that I have with my own kids. When I read it, I said to myself: I know what these guys are going through." The film, which was nominated for six Academy Awards, powerfully imagined the complex emotional world created by father and son. As Stephen Holden wrote in his New York Times review, "In surveying the world through Michael Jr.'s eyes, the movie captures, like no film I've seen, the fear-tinged awe with which young boys regard their fathers and the degree to which that awe continues to reverberate into adult life."
Finding Nemo (2003)
While many father/son stories dwell on the anxiety that sons feel about their fathers, Andrew Stanton's 2003 animated adventure, Finding Nemo, beautifully captures a father's worry for his son. Here, a clownfish named Marlin (Albert Brooks), whose wife had previously been killed by barracuda, is left to raise his son, Nemo (Alexander Gould), alone. For Stanton, the origin of the story was very personal. He told BBC News how once, during a walk to the park with his five-year-old son, "I spent the whole time going, Don't touch that! Watch out for cars! You're going to poke your eye out! You don't know where that's been! I just sort of stopped myself and realized that I was so afraid of something bad happening that I was eclipsing any chance to connect with him in the moment." With the talent of Pixar's animators and a remarkable cast, Stanton transformed that fatherly fear into an awe-inspiring sea adventure. But he also did something even more innovative – he revealed the emotional life of the human male. As Roger Ebert notes, adults who've seen a lot of animated family fare might "appreciate another novelty: This time the dad is the hero of the story, although in most animation it is almost always the mother."
There Will Be Blood (2007)
While There Will Be Blood, Paul Thomas Anderson's 2007 loose adaptation of Upton Sinclair's novel Oil!, focuses on the greed of tycoon Daniel Plainview (Daniel Day-Lewis), the subplot involving his son, H.W. (Dillon Freasier), provides one of the more poignant relationships in the film. At a young age, H.W is injured by a gigantic oil derrick explosion, losing his hearing in the process. During the blast, his father is given a choice to run towards his injured son or try to save his burring oil fields. When he turns to salvage his precious crude, the bond between father and the son is forever damaged. After H.W. sets his father's bed on fire, Daniel Plainview abandons his son to a school for the deaf. Casting the son proved a challenge to the filmmakers. After testing a number of young child actors, the filmmakers finally found their H.W. in a non-actor living close to Marfa, Texas, where the film was being shot. The producer JoAnne Sellar told the New York Times, "Paul's always been very much into casting real people…He really wanted a kid who'd grown up around ranches and horses rather than someone coming in and trying to fake that." Day-Lewis, who grew very fond of Freasier, actually found it difficult to tap into his emotional relationship with his father in creating the role because of his feelings for Freasier. As he told Time Out London, "In later years, reassessing what might have been a relationship with my father, that's where the complexity is, I suppose, because we all to some extent measure ourselves – if we're men – against our fathers. I would hope that none of my experiences as a father would have fed the relationship Plainview has with H.W. I would hope. In fact, it probably worked against me a little bit, because I felt so protective of that wonderful young man." When Day-Lewis later won the Best Actor Oscar for There Will Be Blood, he announced, "I wish my son and my partner H.W. Plainview were up here with me, the mighty Dillon Freasier."
Thanks for the Memoirs
Real-life memoirs make powerfully real movies.
Christopher Plummer
A slideshow retrospective of one of theater and screen's great actors.
"The Only One Here"
An editorial slide show of 10 of Robert De Niro's remarkable roles.
Father-Daughter Movies
A Somewhere-inspired movie slideshow.


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This event is expired.
Arielle Kozloff
Independent Scholar and Private Consultant and Former Curator of Ancient Art, Cleveland Museum of Art
Amenhotep III was one of the most important rulers in ancient Egypt. During his 38-year reign, he celebrated three royal jubilees in the last decade of his life. These festivals were intended to rejuvenate his failing powers.
Book signing after the lecture: Amenhotep III: Egypt's Radiant Pharaoh
Copies available for purchase in the Legion Museum Store at this special event


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Jaime Hernandez:
The 2000-P Jefferson Nickel is really common in most grades. Examples are easily obtainable even in circulation. In Uncirculated to about MS65 condition it is also common. In MS66 condition it becomes somewhat challenging to locate but it is probably easier to buy them than to find one in rolls or mint sets. In MS67 condition with or without Full Steps it is difficult to find and there are less than a few dozen graded by PCGS, with no examples being graded any higher.


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For some pet owners, a vacation is just not the same unless their canine companion is along for the ride. Many times this will involve airplane travel with your dog. Fortunately, just about all airlines allow dogs on flights, however, there are preparations owners must make beforehand to make sure their pet is safe and comfortable while in transit.
A visit to the veterinarian should be the first step before taking a trip, reports VCA Animal Hospitals. The vet can make sure the canine is up to date on all of its dog vaccinations, which is especially important when traveling to a new area. Many airlines require a health certificate for the dog, so it's often crucial to make an appointment with your vet before leaving.
The dog is going to be flying in a crate or travel carrier, so be sure the animal responds well to this. It may take several weeks of crate training before the dog is comfortable in the crate for extended periods of time. Pet owners with smaller dogs should check with their airline about possibly bringing the dog into the cabin. Many airlines will allow one dog in first class and one in coach as long as the crate can fit underneath the seat as a carry-on. Call the airline well in advance to arrange this.


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This is a short but interesting read. Pat LaFontaine has a few ideas about making the game for exciting.
I like his ideas and it makes for an interesting debate. I am not sure if its truly needed as the last 5 minutes of a game usually are pretty intense but I might be in the minority on that opinion.
Edit: There is some good discussion on this article at the bottom of the linked page.


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Firstly, I have a Scottish accent and I live in South Africa, so that makes me unique right off the bat. I talk differenty to everyone else here. Secondly, I am a red head, which has made me stand out like a beacon since I can remember. And Lastly, I am 5 foot nothing, so most people think I'm a fucking midget when they meet me for the first time . Going to concerts is a bitch!
I talk loud, I laugh loud and in general I'm no skrinking violet, so people either love me, or they hate me. Either way, they remember me becaue I'm unique. Thank Fuck!
Today's Insult is a Scottish one
Utter Pish
This is a popular phrase used in Scotland.
It's one of my favourites.
It can be used as an adjective, meaning inadequate, displeasing, or of poor quality.
For example : I'm not drinking that, it's utter pish.
It can also be used as a verb, as a variation of piss.
For Example "Am awa' fur a pish".