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Watch this fabulous talk on Hubble and Rembrandt, Casablanca in psychological terms, how stars actually "evolve," and why Malala Yousafzai's bravery is "the best example of the power of curiosity."
The Hubble Space Telescope, which turns 25 this year, has brought the beauty of the cosmos into our lives. Mario Livio works with discoveries it makes possible, studying things like dark energy, extrasolar planets, and white dwarf stars. He's fascinated with the enduring mystery of mathematics, the language of science. He describes the cosmic puzzles that accompany our greatest scientific advances.
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is a senior astrophysicist at the Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute. His books include: Is God a Mathematician? and Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein — Colossal Mistakes by Great Scientists That Changed Our Understanding of Life and the Universe.
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just a point for clarity's sake a "mystery" in science is a puzzle which has yet to be solved but which is taken as an article of faith to be potentially solvable, whereas a "Mystery" in religious terms is usually understood, as an ontological article of faith, to fundamentally exceed the grasp of human understanding, not a puzzle to be solved but something to which reason must submit, become resolved to living under or at least seeing through.
Excellent observation, Dirk.
Excellent observation, Dirk. Educated people seem to have a very difficult time grasping this point. There is such a strong desire to identify the mysteries of science with the mystery of that which by it's very nature has no final rational solution. These latter include why there is something rather than nothing, why human life came to be, why there is evil, why there is good, and on and on. Responses to these mysteries usually force one to make decisions about how one is going to live and these are generally religious responses.
Unfortunately, we often treat these mysteries as part of the list of the mysteries of science, suggesting that as science grows, religious mystery shrinks. But grasping the nature of these mysteries is not dependent upon scientific knowledge. Rather, it requires, as Dirk stated, "something to which reason must submit." And all of us are quite familiar with these mysteries as we are surrounded each day by mystery, allowing Flannery O'Connor to write to a student: "Mystery grows alongside of knowledge."
I watched the movie based on
I watched the movie based on Stephen Hawking entitled, "The Theory of Everything." I think I previously commented something similar as he at the end of the movie. I can see why Trippet enjoys these discussions. Science might not influence art and art might not influence religion as suggested by Mario Livio, or compliment the other, yet, they seem to graciously play together almost poetically.
Astronomical #s x10^2 (or
Astronomical #s x10^2 (or more) * I emailed this thought to my usual clan * Today's episdoe was really interesting, focused on the cosmos. Mario Livio had lots of fun facts and insight: Is math a discovery or invention - pointing to imaginary #s as an example of invention (not [immediately] a product of observing the universe, but rather later applied to it). He pointed out that there are something like 200b known galaxies. Think about that. You could steal $100 from each of those slave galaxies, and have enough to cover the [public-acknowledged] national debt. Yet, you'd still be short on other federal obligations, not to mention states, counties, cities, schools, metros, banks, personal... and the rest of the planet's mess. Perhaps the universe just isn't big enough to loot for this brood of spenders.
First of all, this is a fan letter. SOF is the high point of my Sunday AM: the diversity of topics is marvelous; the hour is both exciting and restful. In contrast with news talk and interview shows, you engage rather than debate with guests, let them finish their thoughts and respond to them. A thought on discovery vs invention: in ecology we create measures that we think increase understanding such as numbers of species in relation to area or climate. But we also can create nonsense measures such as the Levins index #1, the ratio of endemic species in a country to the number of deputies in the national assembly. Once created it is real-- we can measure it, map it by continents and latitudes, etc. But what makes it nonsense is that it tells us only about itself.Indices of species diversity have the same status as the Levins Index #1, they are both human creations and in that sense real, but the diversity measure throws light on other thing s--evolution, geography, coexistence, etc. So we invent and then discover what our inventions teach us, if anything.
The word Number is used thousands of times in the BIble. example: He numbers the stars and calls them by name. From Psalm 147:4...
I listen to Ms. Tippett every Sunday morning on WKSU (Kent, Ohio). As a teacher of physics, I especially enjoy her conversations with folks from scientific fields. But.
K.T.'s attempted colloquy with Mario Livio over the meaning of the word "God" was alternately amusing and embarrassing, especially given the backgrounds of the two participants.
Might I suggest that Krista have to hand Nishida Kitaro's handy and virtually unassailable definition whenever she discusses the G-word with guests whose affinities generally preclude supernatural deities. To wit: "We call the foundation of the universe God."
Obviously this makes instant room for, e.g., Einstein's "old one", dark energy, universal intelligence, and other such notions.
Further, there is no delineation between the physical "world" and that of "consciousness". Both are manifestations of the original energy substrate and gain their respective properties through accretion over time. Eventually particles, eventuall intelligence.
Years ago I sent you a copy of my memoir (Before I Go) which devoted a chapter entitled 'Ontolocon' to these ideas. Kitaro's quote was my epigram at its beginning.
Thanks for SoF. jim walker Massillon, Ohio
He discussed symmetry as an attribute of beauty but I wonder if he disregards the beauty of assymetry so admired in the East and also by those with more sophisticated tastes in the West?
Are the newer math concepts taking assymetry more into account, i.e. fractals and other new thinking?
I enjoy listening to your interesting and valuable programs.
Aloha, namaste,
Frank Luke
I am listening to your interview with Mario Liviu (the original spelling of the Romanian-Israeli, Jewish person). Livio is a very fine popularizer of science and let's leave it at that. Your forcing the God issue into the discourse and makes my stomach turn over. Is this because of the sponsors of your shows?
You are trivializing this whole issue and you seem to have not much knowledge about history of science and philosophy in relationship to religion .
Newton and Darwin never confronted the Church because they would not have dared to do this in their times. No matter what they thought or believed they had to pay lip service if they wanted to function in society.
Finally, I hope this is not insult. Every time you identify yourself you are lisping your name. You sound like an 8 year old who is forced by a parent to introduce herself to strangers.
I identify with the Archetypal Muse, therefore, the title of this episode and message behind it, speaks of that humorous play of mankind that I adore. My inner Muse is saying to whoever ordered this "right on!" More creative fun and non-stop entertainment!
I actually really loved it when Krista pointed out how rich the experience of asking a question is! My whole career revolves around asking the right questions that are answerable to a certain degree. And this single comment made me realize that the reason I seek the answers is so that they can explode into a myriad new questions, ad infinitum. Is this joy in the richness of formulating questions what separates homo sapiens from others?
At first, "Who Ordered This?" sounded pretty much like a self-indulgent riff into chicanery. However, that hat was soon resolved for me by Mario Livio's describing a "mixture of discovery and invention."
While Mathematics is only our coherent, structured, syntax of expressions about perceived experiences and relationships—both religion and science can perpetrate (and could perpetuate) some certain "homo ludens" activities--detours during intermission/intervals of respite from "Major Events." Does God Play Dice? Well, we ourselves have been known to do so, on occasion. So that should tell us something about reality, at least! Who isn't hoping to get by—and perhaps too often—by the skin of our teeth?
By comparison, looking closely at the wonder of Language to describe our perceived and reflective experiences of relationships in the known universe--is pretty much beholding a miraculous phenomenon, too. Both Mathematics and Language are communication tools which depend upon repeatable patterns as means to impart meaning. The universe consists of periodic activities; yet these provide the fundamental basis for all sharing. Include also our recurring experiences of dream narrative, story, fable, parable, and festive holiday observances, as well as the traditional rivalries of athletic competitions.
These renderings can be physical, mental, emotional, intuitive constructs (C.G. Jung's model), and are readily extended to Useful, and/or Ritual, representations: "Macy-Day Balloons," Fourier or Laplace Transforms, sculptures and architectures, performances like drama, poetry, ballet, Beethoven's Eroica Symphony, and the Eucharistic Banquet manifested at the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.
"Meaning" is inherent within patterns of repetition: the rhythm of beating hearts re-echo the different "vocabularies" in frequencies of light, or sound, or the tides, or the seasons; so the music of the spheres itself wants to dance a rhapsody with all who swim through the firmament. The Universe contains universes: a Master Set of Mandelbrot Fractal Patterns, singing from Macrocosm to Microcosm.
Perhaps it could be said that these innumerable vessels of meaning are kissed with an aura of profound simplicity, or of the divine, or of both. One man's awe is another man's charade, or another's daily bread: As Oliver Twist said of his pablum/gruel, "Please, sir, may I have some more?"
Saul Steinberg's famous cover illustration for the 29 March 1976 NEW YORKER could be understood as a benignly smiling Voltairian refutation of Galileo's great premise (with an unintended, but still satirical, vindication for the parochial Inquisition's chicanery?). Ah, the levels of irony are like the rungs on Jacob's ladder! However, Steinberg's subtle reprieve proved to be comparatively short-lived, for as we've learned in the last two years, the Real Center of the Known Universe is not Ninth Avenue and 43rd St, Manhattan—but Capitol Hill and K Street, Washington, DC!
Everyone still knows the sun comes up in the East and goes down in the West! However, not everyone wants to step up to the implications, and our responsibilities, of being at The Center of Hope for Existence as we know it. Any other possibility seems far removed by light years across the "empty" "darkness" (if we only knew!) The global Climate Negotiations in Durban, South Africa this week, prompts us "to consider too curiously to consider so."
Is the Universe really expanding—or is our current knowledge base just the consequence of our present abilities to observe light? Could the Red Shit be a result of gravitational acceleration force, distending the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation coming toward us, and so presenting us with a cumulative "retarding" effect, which prolongs each individual pulse—thus reducing the overall frequency rate within each pulse-series? (If we only knew!)
Perhaps this personal riff is tending toward chicanery.
We are only such stuff as dreams are made on….
- Ralph Palasek, Arlington Virginia
Dear Krista,
Interesting program. First time I've heard it.
During your conversation with Dr. Livio you said, "You can say that our minds give rise to mathematics, but then mathematics are found to explain the physical world, which is a very mysterious thing to think about."
I do not think it is at all mysterious that concepts humans develop explain the natural world. The human brain is a product (both materially and developmentally) of that world. Therefore, it is not surprising that people discover (and I think "discover" is the appropriate word) relationships that exist in, fit, describe and explain that world. How could it be otherwise? Things that develop in the same universe *must* fit, otherwise they could not exist the same universe. "As the twig is bent, so grows the tree."
Listening to you talk I get the impression that you are so attracted to and captivated with the feeling of "mystery" that you would prefer to maintain the mysteriousness about something rather than find an explanation that would dispel that feeling.
You asked if there is something revealing in the fact that even non-religious scientists use the word "God" when trying to explain things they cannot yet explain. While I am not a scientist, I suspect that non-religious scientists use the word "God" because the concept of a creator is so ingrained into our culture and our heads that it's difficult not to use, and for lack of a better or more succinct way of saying, "Whoever or whatever created the universe..." or "However the universe developed..." Using the word "God" is also more "catchy". "Is God a Mathematician?" is certainly more marketable than say, "Did The Universe Develop According To Laws That Can Be Described Mathematically?"
Personally, I am inconsistent about a belief in God. Objectively, I do not believe there is a supernatural being. On the other hand, when I have something difficult to cope with I catch myself unconsciously hoping God will intervene somehow. It's like a form of hope that things will turn out fair and right.
I liked Dirk Felleman's comments about mysteries.
Dear Krista,
Interesting program. First time I've heard it.
During your conversation with Dr. Livio you said, "You can say that our minds give rise to mathematics, but then mathematics are found to explain the physical world, which is a very mysterious thing to think about."
I do not think it is at all mysterious that concepts humans develop explain the natural world. The human brain is a product (both materially and developmentally) of that world. Therefore, it is not surprising that people discover (and I think "discover" is the appropriate word) relationships that exist in, fit, describe and explain that world. How could it be otherwise? Things that develop in the same universe *must* fit, otherwise they could not exist the same universe. "As the twig is bent, so grows the tree."
Listening to you talk I get the impression that you are so attracted to and captivated with the feeling of "mystery" that you would prefer to maintain the mysteriousness about something rather than find an explanation that would dispel that feeling.
You asked if there is something revealing in the fact that even non-religious scientists use the word "God" when trying to explain things they cannot yet explain. While I am not a scientist, I suspect that non-religious scientists use the word "God" because the concept of a creator is so ingrained into our culture and our heads that it's difficult not to use, and for lack of a better or more succinct way of saying, "Whoever or whatever created the universe..." or "However the universe developed..." Using the word "God" is also more "catchy". "Is God a Mathematician?" is certainly more marketable than say, "Did The Universe Develop According To Laws That Can Be Described Mathematically?"
Personally, I am inconsistent about a belief in God. Objectively, I do not believe there is a supernatural being. On the other hand, when I have something difficult to cope with I catch myself unconsciously hoping God will intervene somehow. It's like a form of hope that things will turn out fair and right.
I liked Dirk Felleman's comments about mysteries.
Congratulations on featuring a nonreligious scientist on your show. It was nice to hear a logical speaker.
It's interesting to me that in general scientists admit their past inabilities and mistakes, and that they may still be missing something big, for example that quantum mechanics and General Relativity and Edwin Hubble's work caused complete revisions of our understanding of the universe time after time and that what we might learn about "dark energy" may well do it again, but that many religions don't update and still use the texts and logic that prevailed before, for example, the general abolition of slavery, which doesn't seem to have much merit to me. No, I'm never going to be one of the unquestioning "allah akbar" dudes but I still love your program.
Mario Livio made the most commom mistake of all in today's modern world--that is, a naive separating the truths of science from the truths of being as if they are two separate worlds with different ways of knowing. However, there is one scientific tenet which is important to both worlds (if they are separate): Ask the right question if you want to get a meaningful answer.
Instead of the unanswerable question "Does God exist?" I prefer to rephrase the question to "Does the universe exist?" If the answer to that question is "yes" then the clincher is "what is the nature of the universe?" Anwser: "more strange than any of us can imagine." And in that strangeness, who is to say there are two separate realms of knowning or being?
Taking a break with the music
Taking a break with the music at 24:45. Krista Tippett, I have to admire your self composure, which astonished me when you interview Lawrence Krauss. I would have argued Livio contradicted himself but (as much as I dislike "but' statements) haven't we all.
I get the impression people would like me to work on listening and I do listen, yet, here's my notes, pausing to think with you both (just something I do):
19.34 I think our wholeness is because of the void--it is our roots--, in which wonder and curiosity arises.
Statement at 19:12 and continuing with Tippett it doesn't need to be forced (Livio's statement: Subtle connections doesn't mean they [science and art or religion] have influenced the other).
(Larry Krauss argues void is void nothing exists in the void but if God is existence how can God exist.? In any event thinking about this)
At 21.00 - needs rephrased - it's not what it's about "need." It's not even close. Sorry Livio - just contradicted himself. He just made the unnecessary clash ( I hate it when scientists do this). Keep to your original statement - laughing (not offended).
21:53 - Trippett do you not recognize a contradiction? No "but" statements. She's not being honest."
I love the show thus far!
Krista I absolutely love your
Krista I absolutely love your show! I just showed you how I think out loud and you might not want to post my previous comment. I should have cleaned it up so it doesn't appear so scattered.
Wonderful interview!
The below link is a picture
The below link is a picture of DNA, which was later mentioned.
I think it's like the picture of DNA, they--mathematics, philosophy, science and theology--have intertwined throughout.
Interesting statement made at 43.21 re life.
statement at 42.49 is not a factual statement: if your physical body didn't exist how would the human mind? Unless, I don't understand what he means by "mind." Is our mind our knowledge as Livio later mentions?
Note: I argue that I exist because of existence, which in theological terms we identify God as our very being of existence. If I can't defend reasons for why I should exist--that I happened to understand through Catholicism--how can I defend the right for others to exist--religious or non-religious or whatever faith or non-faith belief? Sadly, in today's world it seems we have to defend ourselves for why our very existence should exist.
I would argue that a belief in God isn't a "need" for a person of faith, it's our very existence and thus it is love and not need. Thus, for myself I argue for Catholicism and I would argue that is a belief claim I claim for myself. Other's are free to disagree.
If the mental were not for the physical why do we separate or emphasize one above the other? Thus, the framing is and/both not either/or.
I simply so enjoy thinking, listening and learning about the topic of this interview. A sincere thank you to yourself and Mario Livio for giving me something to think about.
What I just argued is that
What I just argued is that human existence is a basic good in that it's "essential non-marketable." I once heard someone say "I would sell God" and I think the person was very confused. In this sense I think I have more in common with an atheist than a monotheist. An atheist, perhaps, might think I too am selling God. I am not.
I would love to hear an interview re negative theology.
Who ordered dark energy? No
Who ordered dark energy? No one -- it's random!
Platonism holds that the
Platonism holds that the mathetical form of things is more real than the physical realities which they describe. But Platonism isn't true. I find mathematical thinking very useful in theology: the forms of math are important even to theological structures. It's as is mathematics is a closet of forms that govern all things in creation. But Jesus said 'Do not build on things of this world, or even the forms of this world are quickly passing away'(paraphrase), so when this world passes away into its definitive form in the Kingdom of God, even the forms will be changed into a definitive form.
Is mathematics discovered?
Is mathematics discovered? Yes, imaginary numbers. I'm a realist, I think mathematics exists. But it isn't more real than physical reality (Platonism).
Yes, world of forms, physical
Yes, world of forms, physical world, and world of consciousness. And they are connected. But they are brought together (perceptions of the physical world) are brought together by the existence of the human soul, that experiences them all. (Human consciousness is from the soul and didn't arise from matter.)
Beauty is one of the
Beauty is one of the transcendals, like truth and goodness, and justices, attributes of God, which we are made to seek and live with.
That's a very general
That's a very general definition of group theory, but OK. Math is driven largely by aesthetics - which rests on a theological assumption, that creation has stability and order, which results from its being created by God as beautiful (even math's structures are part of creation). 'And God saw that it was very good.' And that the human mind can understand the beauty and order of creation, also a conclusion drawn from theology.
If you think math and physics
If you think math and physics are beautiful, you should try theology.
'Feels a need for God'? But
'Feels a need for God'? But we don't then create God in our image, we encounter God. Good- science can't discuss God, good.
Science and faith aren't all
Science and faith aren't all parallel - faithful scientists ask God to help them solve a scientific problem or understand a scientific situation.
Einstein was Jewish by birth so I wouldn't rule out his belief in a personal God. But it's not Spinozan, the sum of the physical world and its workings are God - no, God is separate from creation and created it.
But you know - the subject of
But you know - the subject of the philosophy of science is well developed and is not the specialty of most scientists. You might invite some on your program, as I think you have.
The separation of physics
The separation of physics from philosophy and of physics from religion was a sorrow - it didn't happen in the Catholic world - because physics relies on philosophy and theology.
Questions about life are
Questions about life are complex - but they're not in the realm of science to answer them.
A person of faith does
A person of faith does science with God at his or her elbow - God accompanies us in our study of the physical world, as God accompanies us in all of our work.
Hubble - how beautiful is creation!
The number of galaxies and
The number of galaxies and stars doesn't mean there is no God - the number of neurons in the brain approximates the number of galaxies in the universe; the number of cells in the human body approximates the number of stars in the universe.
Our physical being is not
Our physical being is not smaller - the cosmos is meant to be a cosmic temple, and we are the crown of creation, as large as it is. The universe had to be this big to have needed properties, and to reflect the majesty of God. And as they say, as complex as the physical world is, it's not as complex as the human soul.
As we see more and more,
As we see more and more, science leads to questions that are answered by philosophy and theology, science is hitting up against its own limits.
Tears and sadness filled the
Tears and sadness filled the air this week as the atrocity of yet another Hate Crime brought condolences and commentary across the country.Listening to Krista and Mario explore this topic once again brought an inordinate peace and balance to this chaos. I am eternally grateful to you all for your efforts in bringing this light.
On a very personal note, i was captivated by the musical transitions used in the editing of this broadcast.Superb! anyway to find their source? I would love to hear them again. Many Thanks,As ever,estelle
I was fascinated by this
I was fascinated by this discussion with Mr Livio and in thinking about mathematical discovery vs invention, I feel that there is a simple criteria to describe which things in mathematics (and physics!) are discoveries vs inventions. Improvements in notation are powerful inventions that can lead to important discoveries. For example, the romans used roman numerals for counting. If people had not invented a better notation to write down numbers, most discoveries in math and science would have been severely hindered. Another example is the invention of using notation to represent the value zero. This is not a discovery. Zero indicates the lack of something but the invention of its notation was critical. Another example that Mr Livio mentions are imaginary numbers. These numbers do not really exist in the real world so you can't say they are a discovery. They are a notation that people invented that turned out to have great value in solving differential equations that give us insight into the real world. In the field of physics, an example would be Feynman diagrams, for which he won a Nobel prize for creating a notation that provides insight into subatomic particle interactions. As in all these examples, the invention of a useful notation makes it possible or easier to make discoveries about the real world. In the past, sometimes two different notational systems have been invented to describe the same thing. For example, both Newton and Leibniz developed notation for calculus. Leibniz' notation has proven to be the most useful and is still in use today. Both men made the same discovery but each invented different notation and the better notation led to more discoveries. If there is intelligent life on another planet that is about advanced as we are, it is likely that they will have made similar discoveries but it is likely that they will have invented different notation to work with. By definition, if their notation is more useful than ours, they will have made more and better discoveries.
I would like to add to my
I would like to add to my previous comment another example of two vastly different notations being invented for the same discovery are Heisenberg's matrix mechanics and Schroedinger's wave mechanics. Another example would be Heavyside who invented 4 elegant equations that illuminated electromagnatism from Maxwell's 20 equations. Maxwell made the discovery but Heavyside invented the useful notation that we use today. I think the periodic table and Gell-man's 8 fold way are inventions that organized the properties of elements and subatomic particles in ways that predicted the missing members which others later discovered.


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We were all waiting for lunch to finish and Secretary Kerry to come striding through the ornate double doors that lead into the "Salon de l'Horloge" with French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius.
Built by Napoleon III in 1855, "ornate" doesn't begin to describe the Salon de l'Horloge, whose antique clock reminded all that the presser was now 45 minutes late. Framed in the floor to ceiling windows of the Quai d'Orsay was postcard Paris: "bateaux mouches" were plying the flooded Seine, and the elongated domes of Sacre Coeur could be seen on Montmartre in the distance, still showing traces of snow from a few days earlier.
Earlier that morning, the Secretary had stopped to shake hands with the motorcycle escort parked near the Christian Louboutin shop on Rue Faubourg St. Honore as he walked to the Ambassador's Residence after his meeting at Elysee Palace with President Hollande. At the meet and greet with the Embassy community at the residence that followed, he told anecdotes about his time in France, thanked us all for our service to country--and clearly meant it.
The room suddenly went silent as senior staff began filing in and Secretary Kerry and Minister Fabius stepped up to their respective podiums. Fabius warmly welcomed his new American counterpart, and ran down the list of important issues of the day -- Syria, Mali, Iran.
Secretary Kerry launched into spontaneous remarks in fluent French. "We just finished one of those wonderful French lunches that have been drawing Americans to Paris for centuries. Of course, it's a privilege to share any meal with Laurent. He is a trusted friend, a steadfast ally, and a valued partner. And I would like to thank him for all of these. France, as you know, is the oldest ally of the United States, so we would like to thank you also for that. And now I will speak in English, because otherwise I would not be allowed to return back home." As the laughter died down, the Secretary moved on to the pressing business of the day. The tone was that of an old friend returning to a trusted place, and laying the ground for the serious work ahead, from Syria to the Sahel to a new trade partnership.
Related Content: Follow Secretary of State John Kerry's travel to the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, February 24-March 6, 2013, on www.state.gov.
Charlie in Tennessee writes:
Talking to the French is so appropriate for Kerry... Since he was so anti-Vietnam... as well he should have been. The USA should have never stepped foot in Vietnam. The Vietmanieze are suited for a nanny state. The United States of America is not! Don't want it, Don't need it and will fight to protect our freedoms.
Melissa in Maryland writes:
I heard John Kerry's French on the news, and I was impressed. It made me proud to see an American speaking it so well in Paris.

subset: commoncrawl


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Congrats – the first of many, we hope! https://t.co/CpGOOkxC50/p>
Back-to-work blues (and greys). #BrooksBrothers #GoldenFleece https://t.co/ox8cJdF0Zo/p>
About last night... #Tartantastic https://t.co/CiNCP4iS0i/p>
Spring has sprung on the BB website – new #BrooksBrothersWomen arrivals are here: https://t.co/AAWV7TaUTd https://t.co/NzeemEdD2A/p>
Scenes from this morning. #RedFleeceCafe (??: @CharlieBennet) https://t.co/UOlbD8ZorM/p>
Taking in our colorful city. #RedFleece #NYC https://t.co/997p2tNKtc/p>
Friday after five. #BrooksBrothers https://t.co/fTzAszOXhF/p>
Throwback Thursday to our youngest Made to Measure customer getting fitted for his first custom Brooks Brothers shirt.
What we wore today. #GoldenFleece https://t.co/n9G9Zx8o1J/p>
Shots from the press showroom at Milan Fashion Week for a sneak preview of men's Fall/Winter '17 arrivals.
RT @Zac_Posen: We LOVE the stripe detail on the sleeve of this cozy @BrooksBrothers sweater! Available here: https://t.co/xdIccoIArR https:…/p>
Exploring our city. #NYC https://t.co/HbMHTO0DI8/p>
RT @davidtrites: Fashion retailer @BrooksBrothers is almost 200 yrs old but its #business #technology isn't. https://t.co/nReBWBte3p #CX ht…/p>
It's a #RedFleeceCafe kinda day. https://t.co/TJYzhtIC9i/p>
As our new Resort Collection hits stores and our site, we're pretending we're somewhere other than #NYC in January.… https://t.co/bN5ttj3HiT/p>
.@ericgoldie is giving us serious #WanderlustWednesday envy, hitting the beach in new Resort looks. #BrooksBrothers https://t.co/uy4IIxE3yw/p>
It's a beautiful morning on Newbury Street. (??: Baddie Dae)
Make it pop. #BrooksBrothers https://t.co/Ns801Mt0mj/p>
Exploring the snowy #NYC streets in our @RedWingShoes for #BrooksBrothers Iron Rangers. https://t.co/NY6phFZO2z/p>
Winter Clearance is here – with up to 30% off #RedFleece men's and women's items: https://t.co/e5A2PpC8Ws https://t.co/WrVV9LkcXY/p>
What to wear to a warm weekend getaway: https://t.co/RPYHqL2kvb #BrooksBrothers #HowToResort https://t.co/VngsN5YmwC/p>
Stay classic this year. ?? #BrooksBrothers https://t.co/EBvssdI4Uf/p>
RT @Zac_Posen: Who else would feel like the life of the party in this swingy @BrooksBrothers dress from the #PF17 collection lookbook? #Bro…/p>
We've got our eye on you, 2017. ?? #RedFleece https://t.co/PvoPnPnoHX/p>
A very happy, healthy #NewYear to all! https://t.co/D0sER36Qa1/p>
Ready to celebrate like kings tonight. ?? #NewYearsEve https://t.co/sLKqMppZOF/p>
Picking out finishing touches for tonight. #NYE #BrooksBrothers https://t.co/Ldp1SHe66Y/p>
Put your best foot forward in 2017 with the help of our #SemiAnnualSale: https://t.co/1zn4ZbLNug #BrooksBrothers https://t.co/4WEzKUD0vF/p>
Acclaimed musician Wynton Marsalis hits all the right notes as the leader of the impeccably dressed Jazz at Lincoln Center orchestra. We sat down with our good friend for a piece in our online magazine: http://bit.ly/StyleMaestro
Read more about our good friend, the stylish and talented @wyntonmarsalis, in our latest online mag article:… https://t.co/7JqCvmZtrF/p>
Yesterday's haul. Thanks #Santa. #RedFleece (??: @aubreyrose740) https://t.co/tJE6BQU1Ss/p>
RT @CChensvold: The incredible decor of the Grand Central-Times Square subway shuttle by @BrooksBrothers: https://t.co/BtHPoGPcxD/p>
Post-Christmas necessity. #RedFleeceCafe @stumptowncoffee https://t.co/Az1iHQYBX9/p>
Up your lapel pin game: https://t.co/olrJXStgpg #RedFleece https://t.co/2CkMycvXGp/p>
Then Get Our Can't Miss Style Reports, Retailer Offers
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The American Red Cross and Thompson Health are teaming up to offer "Family Caregiving," a free series for individuals in the community who are caring for older adults in their homes.
The four-part series is supported by the Thompson Guild and is open to the public. Caregivers may choose to attend as many or as few of the evening programs as they want.
The series kicks off on Wednesday, Sept. 28, with "Caring for the Caregiver with Complementary Medicine," presented at 6:30 p.m. by Nancy Benton from The BodyMind Center in Canandaigua. The BodyMind Center offers complementary medicine not as an alternative to traditional medicine, but as a supportive, supplemental form of care, promoting health and wellness. Eamer will discuss treatments such as reiki, acupuncture, chiropractic medicine, massage therapy, healing touch, aroma therapy and cranio sacral therapy, plus how these services may help the caregiver.
The remaining schedule is as follows, with each program running from 6:30 to 8 p.m.:
All "Family Caregiving" programs will be held at the West Ontario County Office of the American Red Cross, located at 5297 Parkside Drive, across from the Tom Wahl's Canandaigua location.
Refreshments will be served at each session. RSVPs are appreciated and may be made by calling 585-394-2260.


text:
Surgical PA CareersTweet
According to CNN.com and Forbes.com, the PA profession ranked as the 4th fastest growing profession in 2007.
What's more - surgical PAs are the FASTEST GROWING segment of PAs with nearly 50% of new PA grads entering a surgical field.
Employment Outlook
The U.S. Department of Labor expects the PA profession to grow significantly over the next several years – much faster than the average for all occupations. The demand for PAs with surgical specialties is especially strong.
Learn more about Surgical PA Employment Outlook
The Growing Surgical PA Profession
Opportunities for the surgical PAs continue to expand, owing to many factors, including:
- Cutbacks in physician surgical residency slots
- Laws requiring reduced resident work hours
- Increased reimbursement for PA surgical services
- Ability of the surgical PA to provide physician/surgeon relief of many routine duties
- Increased surgical PA profession advocacy by organization such as the AASPA
Surgical PA Employers
More Information
- Call our National Office at 772-388-0498
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The idea of a collective tasting and reviewing of some of Puershop's cheaper teas was brought up by Salsero here.
Ideas were tossed around on how to organize such an event. Ultimately, I thought (Puerhshop owner) might be interested in lending a hand by organizing a small package of samples for the tasting.
SO here's the thread where we can organize our ideas, share opinions, and credit Salsero for the great idea! Who's interested? Things to discuss: how much would we want to spend on such a package? How many samples? Are there shops other than Puerhshop people would rather solicit the help from?


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Global Rhythm Pot
Presented by: Veronika Andersson Catpaz Nic K Gareth Richardson Jane Hebiton Charlie Bucket
11am - 1pm Saturdays
Take an around the world trip in two hours with Global Rhythm Pot. Playing music from across the globe, from folk-music traditions to the latest hybrid dance tracks, Global Rhythm Pot has something for all tastes and delivers
an eclectic mix of tunes. From afro-beat to latin swing, from Bollywood to Baltic disco and French hip hop, on Global Rhythm Pot the tunes are spiced with exotic flavours and served up fresh every Saturday.
Global Rhythm Pot Playlist
Play Audio?


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LINGUIST List 16.2483
Thu Aug 25 2005
Jobs: Computational Ling: Programmer, InQuira, Inc.
Editor for this issue: Ann Sawyer <sawyer
The LINGUIST List strongly encourages employers to use non-discriminatory standards in hiring policy. In particular we urge that employers do not discriminate on the grounds of race, ethnicity, nationality, age, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. However, we have no means of enforcing these standards. Job seekers should pay special attention to language in ads regarding employment requirements and are encouraged to consult our international employment page
. This page has been set up so that people can report on the employment standards of various countries. To post to LINGUIST, use our convenient web form at
1. Tessa Colich,
Computational Linguistics: Programmer, InQuira, Inc., San Bruno, USA
Message 1: Computational Linguistics: Programmer, InQuira, Inc., San Bruno, USA
Tessa Colich <tcolich
Computational Linguistics: Programmer, InQuira, Inc., San Bruno, USA
This announcement was accompanied by a donation to the LINGUIST List!
University or Organization: InQuira, Inc.
Department: Technical Support
Job Rank: Programmer
Specialty Areas: Computational Linguistics
Technical Support Engineer (Language Processing Support)
Position Summary:
The Technical Support Engineer provides technical support to customers by
answering complex questions on function, usage and integration of InQuira
products primarily, but not exclusively, dealing with question and answer
accuracy issues. Acting as the primary support liaison between InQuira and
its customers regarding Natural Language and Content issues, the Technical
Support Engineer will work with customers to identify, troubleshoot, and
correct technical issues. Typical issues range from simple usage questions
to complicated debugging of error conditions.
- Provide level 2/3 support for customers by responding to incoming email,
phone calls and also very occasional rotating beeper coverage
- Perform problem resolution and verification
- Maintain status of issues in the call tracking system
- Assist in testing product updates from engineering
- Provide support for Beta programs
- Convey customer feedback to the product development group
- Assist in the development of the InQuira Knowledge Base
- Assist in the development and implementation of e-support tools for use
by InQuira's customers
- Strong technical communication and customer service skills
- Strong troubleshooting and deductive reasoning skills
- Ability to work in a team environment to deliver the best solutions to
our clients
- Ability to manage multiple tasks simultaneously and work under time
- Ability to clearly document solution status and resolution
- Experience with different Operating Systems (Windows, Linux..)
- Knowledge and experience of using XML, XSLT, HTML and other Web
technologies - a big plus
- Bachelor's degree or higher with a major in Linguistics, Applied Math, or
Computer Science.
Address for Applications
851 Traeger Ave Suite 125
San Bruno, CA 94066
Application Deadline: 30-Sep-2005
Contact Information
Email: jobs
Phone: 650-246-5000
Fax: 650-246-5036
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text:
You limited your search to:
Partner: UNT College of Visual Arts + Design
Country: United States
Decade: 1940-1949
Year: 1942
Collection: Texas Fashion Collection
Date: 1942
Creator: unknown
Description: Hat of natural-colored straw. The domed crown is of patterned woven straw, forming a lace effect. Around the base of the crown is a wide band of light brown grosgrain ribbon, with a bow and trailing ends. The wide brim, of matching straw, curves upwards. The hat is unlined, with an inner hatband of light brown grosgrain ribbon around inside lower edge of the crown. There are no labels or tags in the hat.
Contributing Partner: UNT College of Visual Arts + Design
Child's Dress
Date: 1942
Creator: Alesta, Bertie
Description: Child's dress of blue cotton batiste with white embroidery. Short, puffed sleeves with rolled cuff and white embroidered scalloped edges. Rounded neckline with white embroidered scalloped edges. Small pin tuck pleats at front shoulders; center front is embellished with embroidery in scroll and floral motif. Center front opening of six white buttons (one missing) and barred buttonholes.
Contributing Partner: UNT College of Visual Arts + Design


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The future is asset management for Goldman Sachs
Goldman Sachs's new partnership class, announced on Wednesday, offers a glimpse into what the US investment bank believes will be important over the near future.
And one answer appears to be asset management.
A senior Goldman executive told Financial News prior to the announcement that the new intake will reflect the firm's strategic ambitions. He said: "We have firm-wide priorities, such as business investments, which regions we would like to prioritise, diversity objectives, all sorts of things come into play. Then the best people get over the line in context with the strategy of the firm."
Another executive within Goldman Sachs' management committee also suggested that asset management was to be a key focus as it seeks to rely less on its historical dominance in securities trading. He told Financial News: "We want to grow the importance of the asset management business within the firm. That sort of subtle shift is inevitable through this decade."
The new partnership appears to reflect this subtle shift. Roughly 12% of the new partnership, announced on Wednesday, works within investment management, compared to 4.5% of the previous partnership class in 2010.
Stuart Cash, head of the European corporate pension advisory business, and Michael Siegel, global head of the insurance asset management business, are two of the eight new partners minted from the firm's asset management business.
Research also had a strong showing, with Huw Pill, chief European economist, and Francesco Garzarelli, co-head of global macro and markets research, making the cut.
In comparison, new investment banking partners made up of just over a quarter of the 2012 pool, compared to two-fifths in 2012. New partners in the securities division remained stable at roughly 40%.
What makes the shift towards asset management more noticeable is the small size of this year's partnership pool. Only 70 partners made the cut this time around, compared to 110 in 2010. The Class of 2012 is also the smallest since 1998, before the firm went public, when 57 made the grade.
One banks analyst at a rival said: "In a world that is going electronic and margins are growing tighter, there isn't much money being made in being head of trading and head of sales any longer. In the past, people may have wanted to trade with you because you had good products, now it is because you have good ideas. You find that in asset management and research."
Asset management has consistently made the firm money, during a time when revenues from securities trading and investment banking have been volatile. The bank's asset management business has made an average of $1.2bn in revenue per quarter since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2007, never falling below $900m in any one quarter.
Compare that to revenues in fixed income, currency and commodities trading. In the first quarter this year, revenues were up 153% quarter on quarter, only to fall 36% in the second quarter.
In February, Goldman Sachs Asset Management bolstering its pension plan offering with the acquisition of Vermont-based Dwight Asset Management, currently part of Old Mutual Asset Management. And in September, Goldman Sach's private banking unit rolled out a batch of new credit and lending products.
The asset management business will also be less susceptible to incoming regulation, which is predominately focusing on bank capital.
Speaking at the Bank of America Merrill Lynch 2012 Banking and Financial Services Conference on Tuesday, Goldman Sachs chief executive Lloyd Blankfein said: "We have a long track record of allocating capital and other scarce resources based on risk-adjusted returns…We have provided greater balance sheet and resources to higher return businesses, while downsizing or eliminating lower return businesses."
Other firms are also following suit. Wall Street rival Morgan Stanley has been vocal in commitment to wealth management, crystallised in the bank's September's purchase of the remaining 49% stake in retail brokerage Morgan Stanley Smith Barney from Citigroup.
Speaking to the Financial Times last month, chief executive James Gorman said: "Wealth and asset management is the secret sauce. All we have to do now is make it more profitable."
UBS has also prioritised the buyside, mainly by decimating its investment banking arm. Last month, the Swiss bank announced plans to fire up to 10,000 staff and cut back its fixed income business, focusing instead on wealth and asset management.
Sifting through the tea leaves of the class of 2012, the signs signal a new shift towards the more staid and stable world of asset management.
-- Write to Giles Turner at email@example.com


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About the Author: Jennifer Park Stout currently serves as Deputy Assistant Secretary responsible for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs in the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs.
Recently, the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (EAP) celebrated its 100th anniversary. Since its establishment in 1910 as the Department of State's Division of Far East Affairs, EAP has played a role in creating several important and long-standing alliances, encouraging trans-Pacific commerce, and providing much needed developmental assistance, to name just a few areas of engagement.
One additional and very important area of engagement has been in the realm of public diplomacy. Over the last century, the United States has demonstrated a deep commitment to public diplomacy efforts within East Asia and the Pacific. The State Department sponsors a multitude of activities meant to form closer bonds and create better understanding between Americans and the people in the Asia-Pacific region.
For example, working with the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs and partner governments, EAP supports some of the longest running Fulbright exchange programs in the world, such as Thailand and the Philippines with more than 60 years of involvement. The Bureau also counts 11 Nobel Prize winners among Fulbright alumni to and from the region (out of 43 Fulbright alumni Nobel Prize winners). Additionally, 46 foreign heads of state or heads of government from the various countries in EAP have participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program, including four currently in office. In the area of educational exchange, roughly 45 percent of the more than 690,000 foreign students who choose to study in America are from countries in EAP. Five of the top 10 sending countries are within EAP; including China, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Vietnam.
Last year saw many advances in public diplomacy within EAP. In China, we made progress on the U.S.-China Consultation on People-to-People Exchange and the 100,000 Strong initiative, furthering our commitment to expanding citizens' engagement and understanding between our countries. Millions of people, predominantly Chinese, visited the U.S. Pavilion at the Shanghai Expo. In South Korea, the United States demonstrated its unwavering commitment to this important ally by hosting numerous events commemorating the 60th anniversary of the Korean War. In Malaysia, Embassy Kuala Lumpur's series of "Click! Camps" engaged hundreds of underserved Malaysian youth with activities that honed English-language abilities, developed leadership skills, and fostered a sense of social responsibility and community service. Public diplomacy has also kept up with the times, with Indonesia blazing the trail. In December 2010, Embassy Jakarta opened "@america," the world's first high-tech American cultural center. Embassy Jakarta also leads the race among our embassies for the most Facebook friends, surpassing more than 300,000.
These and many other public diplomacy efforts in East Asia and the Pacific over the last century have contributed to the advancement of U.S. interests in the region and the overall progress and prosperity seen in East Asia and the Pacific over the last few decades.
As we look forward to the next century, EAP recently asked youth of the region to tell us what they see as the future of the United States in East Asia and the Pacific. This video provides us insight into the thoughts, perceptions and aspirations of youth in the region -- and who knows, perhaps in a few years one of them may also emerge as a future leader of the region, and a friend of the United States of America.


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Hows This for a Roman Catholic Altar Call??
We spoke the other day about the Roman Church no using Altar Calls in any of their ceremonies, and thus, when could people not Christian be allowed space and be encouraged to convert?
Well, apparently yesterday, on the advise of several Cardinals in France, Pope Benedict decided to put out an extraordinary invitation. He invited all the heathern in France to gather out front of one of the central parisian Cathedrals...and decided to present them with a nearly ten min surmon I suppose you might call it. Designed to show that the Jewish would allow the heathen into the outter court of the temple, in order for them to ask questions, and maybe come to faith. He talks about being closer, and talking. He then asks them all to enter the Cathedral, and to offer a prayer, he recognises that some will know GOD, but some will be praying to "the unknown GOD" by this he isnt talking about a different religion, he's talking about a heathen being open and prepared to convert...but not actually having any knowledge of Jesus or Scripture
"as you walk together towards a new world seek the absoulute, Seek GOD, even for you, if he is the unknown GOD, and may this GOD, who loves each one of you, bless you, and keep you, he is counting on you to be concerned for each other, and for the future, and you can all count upon him"
If he extends this across the whole of Europe, you could see a tremendous revival.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjKHKkDuMoQ if you want to know what he said, its in the video. Who knows if this will be successful, but not even Mark Hughes can claim that Rome is not up for Evangelism on a large scale. Anyone would think the powers that be actually read this forum and respond
...and just to proove he's serious...his surmon is of course IN FRENCH LOL
Last edited by Tyburn; 03-27-2011 at 12:17 PM.
I hope he does continue to do this everywhere!
You know...I confess that this may also be a political stunt, spurred on by the fact that the Roman Census told the Pope that whilst the gain in the orient, they looose on their own front door....but GOD can work through Roman Politics, to bring the truth, whatever their motive.
Afterall...we know that Constentine The Great, who was the Emporar who built Constantinople (the New Rome) and changed the State Religion of the Entire Holy Roman Empire, overnight, from a mass of paganism, to Christian...probably never had a conversion of a spiritual nature...but only a political aim, to unite a fragile, and to big to govern empire. He knew that what everyone needed was Stability, and for that, Uniformity...and maybe even an elevation of HIS OWN Status (Divine Right of Kingship)
So his motive for Gospel Spreading was NOT to do Jesus Christ any Favour...and was an ultimate failiure...so much of a failiure, that his own founding of Constantinople in Turkey was what eventually challenged Rome and broke off as Byzantium...it also doesnt remain intact as a relic to this day.
Constantinople was a Great Beacon of Christian light...until it was overcome by the Sword of Islam.
BUT...that didnt stop people, average, everyday people, believing in Christ...it didnt stop later Excellent Empires from copying the religion, and adopting it, and thus spreading it. The Romans SO strongly believed, that when their Empire finally collapsed....they tried to re-conqure, completely on a spiritual level and not a collonial level at all...they went BACK to the same lands they had liberated in body, to re-liberate in mind. They held debates between the warring factions of the Early Church and its trillions of strange scriptures...and they spent many centuries trying to define Christianity.
Yes they got power hungry, yes they abused their status, yes they brought war to Israel, Yes they wrongly defied the Enlightenment, yes they killed who races that refused to bow the knee, yes they burned, or hanged, or brutally tortured many innocent people who they were uncertain about, yes they used dirty political tactics, yes they refuse to be in communion with the rest of Christendom. Yes their most central dogma might be supremely presumptious....I accept all of that.
But they try. GOD Bless them, they try. For all their faults, they aspire to something truely tremendous, and they dedicate their lives to that cause. When a Church does something like this...whatever the reason behind it...GOD can work through it, through their missgivings, through their selfish desires, and through their corruption.
So I congratulate the Vatican for this. I say they are striving to do Opus Dei, and I hope this project is a success...I hope even if it doesnt serve Rome, that it works to Serve GOD...even if it doesnt creat a single convert...it might plant a million seeds. Benedict, You, I...we're all the same...we cant cause anyone to become a Christian...all we can do is lead them to a place where Christ can do his work...This missleading idea about "leading people to Christ" is rot. Not a single person has ever Led another Sole to paradise. All they can do is spread the gospel and hope that Christ will meet them half way.
I tell you now, that even IF Roman Catholicism was some dreadful Sect....a Call like the invitation Benedict has put out can serve GOD. The Truth cant be corroded through questioning. The most mighty of athiest can only ever choose not to believe, he can not make the truth itself bend to his will. Thousands of individuals may hark this call...and the spirituality of the Pope is completely unrelated to what the Spirit may whisper into the ear of anyone who happens to listen, and hears....
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Find Your State
Know the laws in your state that protect LBGT people and people living with HIV.
Legal Help Desk
Know Your Rights
workplace equality
workplace equality
For more than three decades, workplace equality has been a top priority for Lambda Legal, and workplace concerns remain the number one topic for our Legal Help Desk calls. While a growing number of employers and state and local governments have enacted policies and laws to address discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity and HIV status, we have no federal statute banning discrimination, and almost half of all LGBT workers go to work every day without explicit state-level sexual orientation and gender identity antidiscrimination laws.


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Piccolo Bambino Cotton Bibs - Blue Foxes - 5 pk.
by Piccolo Bambino | Item #: 324524 |
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About this item
Piccolo Bambino Cotton Bibs are a 5 pack made from premium quality fabric. They are available in three different designs: pink owls, blue foxes or green squirrels.
- 100% cotton on front
- 80% cotton and 20% polyester on back
- Each one is a different design
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Kellogg: Winning with a Total Market Strategy
October 29, 2012
Bob Liodice, president and CEO, ANA, interviewed Brad Davidson, president, Kellogg North America, Kellogg Company, about how Kellogg developed a marketing solution to regain share in the U.S. Hispanic market.
Members Only Content
This content is available to ANA Members only. Please login below or create an account.
You may already be a member. Find out if your company is already an ANA member.


text:
Addressing Sexual Minority Issues in Social Work Education: A Curriculum Framework
This paper will explore a curriculum framework that explicitly addresses the reduction of heterosexism as a means to produce students that are culturally competent of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community. Van Den Bergh and Crisp (2004) place great importance on addressing beliefs/attitudes, knowledge, and skills when broaching culturally competent practice with the LGBTQ population. Beliefs/attitudes, knowledge, and skills in an educational approach will be advocated in this paper. Specifically, the creation of a constructivist environment will be endorsed as a means for students to critically assess their own beliefs/attitudes, knowledge, and skills. A curriculum framework that utilizes classroom activities related to heterosexual privilege, policy, and practice role plays will be discussed. This curriculum framework is intended to prepare social work students to work with LGBTQ clients.
LGBTQ; Social Work; Curriculum; Constructivism; Heterosexism
Full Text:PDF
Copyright (c)
Indiana University School of Social Work
902 West New York Street
Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, 46202
Voice: 317.274.6705
Indiana University - Quality Education. Lifetime Opportunities.
Last updated: November 20, 2007
Comments: firstname.lastname@example.com
Copyright 2007, The Trustees of Indiana University
Content ©2007 IUSSW


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1. Kids under 13 need time to be alone, to think and dream and play. Facebook robs them of this time.
2. Kids under 13 do not comprehend how Facebook can destroy their privacy. Years later, when they apply for their first job, they may be turned down because of an idiotic comment or a stupid picture they posted on Facebook.
3. Every hour on Facebook is an hour stolen from what could have been a priceless education. A single example: If your kids under 13 spend even one hour a day playing with children who speak another language, they will grow up bilingual in some language such as Russian, Arabic or Mandarin Chinese. Which would make you prouder? The dual language skills, or that they were hopelessly addicted to Facebook?


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How a broken FDA approved a cold antibiotic despite a wide trail of alarms.
By KRIS HUNDLEY
Published May 27, 2007
1.56 Percent of newly approved drugs pulled from market, 1989-1991
5.34 Percent of newly approved drugs pulled from market, 1997-2000
10 Number of complaints to the FDA about clinical drug trial irregularities in 1998
350 Number of complaints to the FDA about clinical drug trial irregularities in 2006
Dr. Campbell got greedy.
The drugmaker was offering doctors $400 per patient to test Ketek, its new antibiotic for persistent colds and coughs.
Anne Kirkman Campbell, a family practice doctor in Gadsden, Ala., signed up 400 patients, more than any other doctor in the country.
When one patient backed out, Campbell forged the consent form and faked the data. A company hired to oversee the study caught the doctor's forgery, along with unmistakable signs of fraud involving dozens of other patients, and alerted the drugmaker.
But the pharmaceutical company, which stood to make hundreds of millions of dollars on Ketek, didn't stop Campbell or report her crime to the Food and Drug Administration. Instead, it included her dubious data in its submission to the agency.
Even after federal regulators stumbled on Campbell's fraud and uncovered problems at several other study sites, the FDA approved Ketek.
A system of checks and balances had become one of winks and nods. Then people started dying of liver failure.
- - -
Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. thought it had a blockbuster in Ketek (pronounced kee-tek). It would be marketed as the next amoxicillin, a widely used antibiotic to treat the sinusitis and bronchitis that plague millions of Americans each year.
But before Ketek could come to market, the FDA required proof that the expensive new drug was at least as good as the existing treatment. So Aventis devised Study 3014, a clinical drug trial involving 1,800 private physicians and thousands of their patients nationwide.
As is common practice in the industry, Aventis opted to have a third party conduct the study. It paid PPD Inc., one of the world's biggest contract research organizations, some $20-million for the work.
Ann Marie Cisneros had worked for PPD for three years when she was sent to check up on Campbell in early 2002. The doctor had recruited more than 1 percent of Gadsden's adult population for the Ketek study.
Cisneros noticed that none of the doctor's staff would look her in the eye. Combing patient files, Cisneros found that the doctor had enrolled her entire staff and several family members in the study.
Patient consent forms had been signed every few minutes and at times when the office was closed. Medical records had been edited, with notations of "sinusitis" and "bronchitis" added so patients would qualify for the trial.
"It appeared the patient was coming into the office for one condition and the doctor was writing in something else later," Cisneros said. "That's how Dr. Campbell ended up with 407 people."
By comparison, another local doctor found only 12 patients who met the study criteria.
The Ketek study was demanding; it required that patients come in for three office visits and blood draws over five months. But not a single one of Campbell's patients had dropped out.
"That just doesn't happen, period," said Cisneros, noting that even small studies experience dropouts.
The doctor didn't appreciate the scrutiny. She told Cisneros that she wouldn't have enrolled so many patients had she known it would trigger an audit.
"That's just scary," Cisneros said. "Dr. Campbell didn't get away with it because she hadn't learned the system."
Certain she had found fraud, Cisneros called her manager at PPD. She also took the unusual step of contacting a consulting partner responsible for ensuring patient safety in clinical trials. Copernicus Group IRB, also paid by the drug company, had access to trial subjects' names and phone numbers. Monitors like Cisneros usually had limited identifying information.
"I wanted them to call some patients and see if they'd really agreed to be in the study," said Cisneros, who suspected patients were enrolled without their knowledge. "But the woman at Copernicus said, 'Let's see what Aventis does about this.' "
Spokeswomen for Copernicus and PPD declined to comment.
After Cisneros returned to PPD, she and her bosses had a teleconference with the drugmaker. She said her concerns about the doctor's conduct, including the likelihood that consent forms had been forged, were ignored.
"I walked away from that meeting very frustrated," Cisneros said. "I'd never seen a sponsor so lackadaisical about a site."
A spokeswoman said the Paris-based drugmaker, which has since become Sanofi-Aventis, knew of "deviations" at Campbell's site but didn't know they amounted to fraud until a subsequent FDA investigation.
"We were aware of issues at that site and had gone in to try to rectify them," said spokeswoman Lisa Kennedy. "We strongly object to any characterization of wrongful conduct by Aventis."
Cisneros, who left PPD for a higher-paying job at a competing company, assumed someone in a position of authority would alert the FDA about Campbell.
But the Ketek study continued uninterrupted. In July 2002, the drugmaker submitted the trial results to the FDA -- including data from all 407 patients at Campbell's site.
Stunned as Cisneros was about how Sanofi-Aventis and its partners handled the Ketek study, Dr. David Ross, a safety reviewer at the FDA, was equally alarmed by his agency's response.
While the FDA's drug approval division reviewed the Ketek data, its inspectors were conducting routine audits of the biggest study sites. Their first stop was Campbell's office, where they found such flagrant violations that they immediately called in the agency's criminal division.
FDA investigators visited nine other high-enrolling sites and discovered serious problems at every one. One doctor, whose medical license was on probation at the time of the study, was arrested for cocaine and gun possession soon after. FDA agents referred Campbell and three other doctors for criminal investigation and recommended expanding the inspections to additional sites.
But even as the FDA's Office of Criminal Investigation uncovered widespread problems, the agency's drug approval division proceeded to review the Ketek data.
In addition to its internal review, the FDA often has an outside, advisory group of experts evaluate trial data and recommend whether a drug should be approved. Ross, the FDA scientist, said he expected the Ketek advisory group would be told of concerns about the data's validity in light of the ongoing criminal investigations. He said he was appalled when his boss, Dr. Mark Goldberger, told him not to raise the issue with the outside experts.
"In general, I don't believe spending time on (data integrity) issues in front of the AC (Advisory Committee) will be productive, " Goldberger wrote in an e-mail a few days before the January 2003 meeting.
The FDA recently said that at the time of the advisory meeting it had only preliminary information on problems with the Ketek study and wished to avoid "compromising the ongoing investigations."
But Ross said his bosses had plenty of options. "They could have told the committee what they knew in closed session. Or they could have postponed the meeting," he said. "I felt like I was being told to hide things."
The FDA's advisory committee recommended approving Ketek. After delaying its decision to get anecdotal information on Ketek's safety record overseas, the FDA approved the drug on April 1, 2004.
Less than a year later, the agency was notified of the case of Ramiro Obrajero Pulquero, a young Mexican construction worker in Charlotte. He had gone to his doctor with a cold and was prescribed Ketek. Three weeks later he was dead of liver failure.
Acting on information provided by the FDA's criminal investigators, the U.S. Attorney's Office in Birmingham indicted Dr. Campbell on 21 counts of fraud. She pleaded guilty to one count of mail fraud and was sentenced to 57 months in prison.
In a phone interview from the federal prison in Lexington, Ky., Campbell admitted that she forged a consent form but declined to discuss other allegations of wrongdoing. Instead, Campbell, now 49, blamed the drug manufacturer for fast-tracking the trial.
"They seemed to want to rush you through everything," said Campbell, who had performed a half-dozen clinical trials for other drugmakers. "They didn't care how you did it. They wanted the trial over so they could get the data to the FDA."
Despite Campbell's "deviations" during the Ketek trial, once it was over Aventis hired her for a second study that spring. The drugmaker also flew Campbell to a conference in San Diego that summer so she could learn how to market Ketek to other physicians.
In the fall of 2002, when the FDA called to schedule a routine audit, Campbell said, Aventis told her to delay the agent for a week.
"Then they flew in two doctors to prep me and four to six girls to go through my files," said Campbell, who said the drug company's representatives suggested appropriate responses to the FDA's queries.
Sanofi-Aventis' spokeswoman said it is normal for a drug company to help a doctor prepare for a site inspection. She said Campbell was advised to answer the FDA's questions truthfully. The drugmaker ended its relationship with the doctor after the FDA initiated its criminal investigation, she added.
Campbell said she was amazed when the court said the drugmaker was a victim of her fraud and ordered her to pay $925,000 restitution. In a court filing last year, Campbell appealed the restitution order.
Aventis "had been made aware of the fraud at my site by PPD," she argued. "At NO TIME did they (Aventis) attempt to stop my participation."
Late last month, Campbell's motion was denied.
Ketek is the latest in a string of drug debacles that have tarnished the FDA. Testifying with Ross and Cisneros at a congressional hearing in February, a veteran FDA epidemiologist put the drug's history into perspective.
"The Ketek story is about the FDA's betrayal of the public trust," said Dr. David Graham, who has been with the agency for 23 years. "Unfortunately, Ketek is not an anomaly."
Safety recalls of medicines are occurring at twice the rate this decade as in the 1990s, with the 2004 withdrawal of Merck's Vioxx the best-known example. Also on the rise: relabeling drugs to include deadly side effects.
Ross, the FDA safety reviewer, ended a 10-year career with the agency in November and now is an assistant clinical professor of medicine at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. He said the agency's growing reliance on industry dollars has fostered a "culture of approval."
Last year drugmakers paid the FDA more than $300-million in user fees, accounting for more than half of the agency's drug review budget.
"Even if a product doesn't work or we don't know how it works, there is pressure on managers that gets transmitted down to reviewers to find some way of approving it," Ross said. "There's been a cultural shift at the FDA, and the pharmaceutical industry is now viewed as the client."
Ross, an infectious disease specialist, stressed that Ketek was being marketed for common ailments that often get better over time without the use of antibiotics. "This was not a drug that anybody thought was necessary in terms of public health. But it was important for the company financially."
Cisneros, who continues to work as a clinical trial monitor, is waiting for someone other than Campbell to be held accountable for how the Ketek study was mishandled.
"We're all just afraid nothing will come of this," she said. "But the system is going to spiral out of control. It's already teetering."
In mid December, an FDA advisory committee discussed the growing evidence linking Ketek to liver failure: 53 reported cases, including two people who needed liver transplants and five deaths.
Among them was Obrajero, who left behind two young daughters. His widow, distraught that a 26-year-old who rode motorbikes and played soccer could be killed by a cold, sought out a lawyer. She was unaware that his case, along with two other Ketek-related liver injuries treated within a few months at the same hospital, had been reported to the FDA and written up for a medical journal.
The lawyer, Neal Rodgers of Charlotte, said he thought he had a routine medical malpractice case until his researcher stumbled on the article in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
"She said, 'You won't believe it. This guy's autopsy is all over the Internet,' " said Rodgers, who sued Sanofi-Aventis, PPD, Campbell and three other doctors involved in Study 3014.
Dr. William Lee, an FDA consultant and advisory committee member, said only 10 percent to 12 percent of drug-related adverse events are reported, so the full impact of Ketek may never be known.
"But the drug probably should not be used as a daily antibiotic, which is how they'd love to market it," said Lee, director of the Clinical Center for Liver Diseases at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
On Feb. 12, the day before the congressional hearing on Ketek, the FDA sharply curbed the drug's use. With health risks outweighing the benefits of using the drug for common colds, the agency limited Ketek's use to treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.
Until then, Ketek had been one of the most successful antibiotic launches in history, bringing Sanofi-Aventis nearly $400-million in U.S. sales.
Since the FDA restricted its use, Ketek sales have dropped by half.
Times researcher Carolyn Edds contributed to this report. Kris Hundley can be reached at email@example.com or (727) 892-2996.
Clinical research study or clinical trial:
The testing of an experimental drug or device in humans for safety and/or efficacy
Contract research organizations:
Companies that manage all or part of the clinical trial process for pharmaceutical and biotech companies
Institutional review boards:
Examine a clinical trial's protocol to ensure that the patient's rights are protected, and that the study does not present an undue or unnecessary risk to the patient
22 Number of drugs approved by the FDA in 2006
6 months Average FDA review time for priority drugs in 2006
21 months Average FDA review time for priority drugs in 1993*
10 months Average FDA review time for standard drugs in 2006
27 months Average FDA review time for standard drugs in '93*
* First full year in which the pharmaceutical industry paid user fees to the FDA in return for speedier drug approvals. Sources: FDA, U.S. Government Accountability Office
About Ketek
Use: Originally approved for acute sinusitis and chronic bronchitis as well as community-acquired pneumonia. In February, the FDA limited its use to pneumonia.
Manufacturer: Sanofi-Aventis, Paris.
Type of drug: Antibiotic (telithromycin).
FDA approval: April 1, 2004.
Potential side effects: Liver injury, loss of consciousness, visual disturbances; not to be taken by people with myasthenia gravis (a muscle disease).
U.S. sales through 2006: $374-million.
U.S. prescriptions through 2006: 6.1-million.
Estimated loss due to restrictions on use: $575-million.
Sources: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, IMS Health, Sanofi-Aventis
[Last modified May 26, 2007, 21:11:57]
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Mens Beach Teams Undefeated in Poland Main Draw
Deb Stadick
Intern, Communications
Phoen: 719-226-6800
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
@USA_Volleyball - @USAVBeach – USAV Facebook
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (Aug. 16, 2012) – The three U.S. men's beach volleyball teams competing at the Mazury Orlen Grand Slam in Stare Jablonki, Poland all tallied undefeated records after the first day of main-draw play.
The event is the final grand slam on the 2012 FIVB SWATCH World Tour.
On the women's side, Jen Kessy (San Juan Capistrano, Calif.) and April Ross (Costa Mesa, Calif.) along with Kerri Walsh (San Jose, Calif.) and Nicole Branagh (Orinda, Calif.) will compete on Friday in the second round of single elimination.
Jake Gibb (Bountiful, Utah) and Sean Rosenthal (Redondo Beach, Calif.), seeded No. 2 in Poland, are coming off a fifth-place finish at the 2012 Olympic Games.
Gibb and Rosenthal opened play on Thursday with a win over the Ukrainian team of Popov Sergiy and Valeriy Samoday (No. 31), 17-21, 21-18, 15-9 in 53 minutes.
Next, they defeated Italy's 18th-seeded Paolo Ingrosso and Matteo Ingrosso, 18-21, 21-14, 15-10 in 52 minutes.
"After the defeat in the Olympics, we had to sit around and think about it for about a week," Rosenthal said in an FIVB press release. "Now we are playing for a points' world title and we are really focused and glad to be winning some matches."
Gibb and Rosenthal will conclude pool play on Friday against Germany's 15th-seeded team of Sebastian Fuchs and Eric Koreng.
The first round of single elimination is also slate for Friday.
Phil Dalhausser (Ormond Beach, Calif.) and Todd Rogers (Santa Barbara, Calif.) also competed at the 2012 Olympic Games, ending their run with a loss in the first round of single-elimination.
Dalhausser and Rogers, seeded No. 4 in Poland, opened pool play with a win over Sweden's 29th-seeded Micro Gerson and Philip Gabathuler, 21-16, 21-17 in 37 minutes.
Next, they defeated Russia's 20th-seeded Dmitri Barsouk and Yury Bogatov, 21-18, 16-21, 15-13 in 55 minutes.
Dalhausser and Rogers will close pool play on Friday against the Kazakhstani team of Alexey Sidorenko and Alexandr Dyachenko (No. 13).
Matt Fuerbringer (Costa Mesa, Calif.) and Nick Lucena (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.), seeded No. 6, defeated Sweden's 27th-seeded Hannes Brinkborg and Stefan Gunnarsson, 21-19, 21-16 in 40 minutes in the first round of pool play.
In their second-round match, Fuerbringer and Lucena defeated the Russian team of Konstantin Semenov and Serguei Prokopiev (No. 22), 21-14, 21-15 in 34 minutes.
Fuerbringer and Lucena will conclude pool play on Friday against Brazil's 11th-seeded Ricardo Alex Costa Santos and Vitor Goncalves Felipe.
On the women's side, the No. 1-seeded Kessy and Ross, who earned a silver medal in London, defeated Brazil's 16th-seeded Maria Clara Salgado Rufino and Liliane Maestrini, 21-14, 17-21, 15-10 in 48 minutes to finish pool play with a 3-0 record.
Kessy and Ross earned a first-round bye in the single-elimination bracket. On Friday, they will face the Spanish team of Liliana Fernandez Steiner and Else Baquerizo McMillan (No. 19) in the second round.
Walsh, who also competed at the 2012 Olympics and won gold with longtime partner Misty May-Treanor (Santa Monica, Calif.), paired up with Branagh in Poland.
The 12th-seeded duo won their final pool-play match against the Netherlands' fifth-seeded Madelein Meppelink and Sophie van Gestel, 22-20, 21-17 in 39 minutes.
Walsh and Branagh earned a first-round bye in single elimination and will face the Czech Republic's seventh-seeded Kristyna Kolocova and Marketa Slukova on Friday in the second round.
Angie Akers (Fort Wayne, Ind.) and Brittany Hochevar (Fowler, Colo.), seeded No. 27, won their final pool-play match against the Swedish team of Isabelle Forrer Anouk Verge-Depre (No. 22), 21-17, 21-17 in 34 minutes.
Akers and Hochevar competed in the first round of single elimination, falling to Belgium's 18th-seeded Mouha and Gielen 21-18, 21-11 in 31 minutes. They ended their run at Poland in 17th place.
For more information on the 2012 FIVB SWATCH World Tour, visit the FIVB web site.


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Murrey Leads USA A2 Blue to Open Title
Bill Kauffman
Associate Director, Communications
Phone: 719-228-6800
E-Mail: email@example.com
Women's Open Division DataVolley Stats: First Title Match - Second Final Golden Set
DALLAS (May 31, 2011) – The USA A2 Blue squad defeated USA A2 Red 26-24 in the double final title match of the 2011 USA Volleyball Open National Championships Women's Open Division to complete a comeback through the consolation round on Tuesday evening at the Dallas Convention Center.
USA A2 Blue, who lost to USA A2 Red earlier on Tuesday in semifinal round, gained revenge in the first title match with a 19-25, 25-23, 25-18, 25-23 victory to force the Golden Set playoff in the double-elimination format. In the do-or-die set, USA A2 Blue came back from a 24-22 deficit to win 26-24 on four unanswered points.
The Women's Open Division was one of 11 championship brackets decided on Tuesday, while the Special Olympics competition finished on May 29. The USA Volleyball Open National Championships continues through June 4 with 14 brackets starting competition on Wednesday morning.
In the Men's Open Division, Creole of the Garden Empire Region held off Team GoNation of the New England Region by scores 25-22, 25-22, 24-26, 18-25, 15-11 on Tuesday evening. Other bracket winners on Tuesday included Made in the 1980s (Women's BB), Team Rambo (Men's BB), Killer Spikes (Women's B), Team Hollywood (Men's B), Corinthians Brasil 40 (Women's 40+), Western States Laguna (Men's 50+), Mavericks 50 (Women's 50+), Kings Mountain Fog 60 (Men's 60+), Brasil Mix-60 Sampa (Women's 60+) and Mac Magic 70 (Men's 70+). Bad Pack won the Special Olympics division on Sunday.
In the full Women's Open title match, Tarah Murrey (El Cerrito, Calif., California) scored a match-high 20 points with 14 kills, four aces and two blocks while holding a 59 positive reception on 17 attempts. Ashley Bannister (Sugar Land, Texas, Texas) knocked down 14 points, while Michelle Bartsch (Maryville, Ill., Illinois) matched her 14 points that included five blocks to go with a 62 positive reception percent on 13 attempts. Ashley Rhoades (Rio Rancho, N.M., New Mexico) tacked on 12 points with a match-high six blocks. Brianne Barker (Amarillo, Texas, Oklahoma) set USA A2 Red to a 35 kill percent in the match. Jennifer Bonilla (Reseda, Calif., Illinois) charted 25 receptions as part of a team-high 64 positive percent.
Madison Kingdon (Phoenix, Ariz., Arizona), who was the only player in the 2011 U.S. Women's National A2 Team pipeline to have played high school volleyball last fall, led USA A2 Red with 16 points in the first final, including 15 kills on a 48 kill percent. Kelly Murphy (Wilmington, Ill., Florida) added 15 points, while Correy Johnson (Winter Park, Fla., California) contributed 12 points with a match-high six blocks.
During the Golden Set, Murrey scored six kills, a block and an ace for eight of her team's 26 points. Rhoades added six points in the set, while Gwen Rucker (Lexington, Ky., Louisville), Barker and Bannister each collected four points in the deciding set. USA A2 Blue scored seven aces and six blocks in the Golden Set. Kristy Jaeckel (Littleton, Colo., Florida) and Murphy pocketed six points each for USA A2 Red in the deciding set.
Murrey was named the tournament's Open Division Most Valuable Player and was joined on the All-Tournament by Barker and Bannister on the USA A2 Blue Team, Natalie Hagglund (Encinitas, Calif., Southern California) and Kingdon on USA A2 Red, and USA A2 White's Colleen Ward (Naperville, Ill., Illinois).
"This feels awesome," Murrey said after the championship. "When we lost to the Red Team in the first final, I was talking to Ashley (Bannister) and told her we have to win this. We worked so hard to get to this point. I couldn't have asked for more. I loved playing with my teammates this week."
Murrey, one of only two players to have been part of the U.S. Women's National A2 Program four times, has now won the gold medal at back-to-back USA Volleyball Open National Championships as she helped her squad to the title in 2010. Rachael Adams (Cincinnati, Ohio, Texas), who won bronze at this year's event with USA A2 White, earned her second medal in the event as she and Murrey won gold last year. Murphy, who earned a bronze in last year's event, now has a silver medal with USA A2 Red's second-place finish in 2011. Monique Mead (Newnan, Ga., Georgia Tech) and Kelsey Black (Amarillo, Texas, Texas A&M), members of USA A2 White in 2011, have now won bronze medals in consecutive tournaments.
USA A2 Blue finished the tournament with a 7-1 record, while USA A2 Red finished with the silver medal and a 5-2 record. Both of USA A2 Red's losses were to USA A2 Blue. USA A2 White, 4-4 during the tournament, completed the medal stand sweep by finishing in third place.
The 36 players on the USA A2 Blue, Red and White were part U.S. Women's National A2 Program, which started training at University of Texas-Dallas on May 23 before beginning the USA Volleyball Open National Championships on May 28.
For more information on the USA Volleyball Open National Championships, visit usavolleyball.org/events/5079. For results and detailed schedules for each bracket, click here.
USA Volleyball Open National Championships Bracket Results
Open and Club Brackets (Skill Level)
Open Women: Gold – USA A2 Blue def. USA A2 Red 26-24 in Golden Set after USA A2 Blue won first title match 19-25, 25-23, 25-18, 25-23
Open Men: Gold – Creole (Garden Empire) def. Team GoNation (New England) 25-22, 25-22, 24-26, 18-25, 15-11
Women's BB: Gold – Made in the 80's (North Texas) def. Dallas Thunder (North Texas) 25-17, 25-19
Men's BB: Gold – Team Rambo (Keystone) def. BC2 Ultimate (Great Lakes) 25-21 in Golden Set after BC2 Ultimate won first final match 25-16, 25-19
Women's B: Gold – Killer Spikes (Southern California) def. HiLife (Aloha) 25-17 in Golden Set after HiLife won first title match 25-23, 26-24
Men's B: Gold – Team Hollywood (Iowa) def. Molten Hawaii (Aloha) 25-22 in Golden Set after Team Hollywood won first title match 22-25, 25-21, 17-15
Masters and Seniors (Age Divisions)
Women's 40+: Gold – Corinthians Brasil 40 (Brazil) def. Kashi (Southern California) 25-21 in Golden Set after Kashi won first title match 25-17, 25-18
Men's 50+: Gold – Western States Laguna (Southern California) def. Team RBC Life (Heartland of America) 25-22, 25-23
Women's 50+: Gold – Maverick's 50 (Southern California) def. Fog Canada Masters 50 (Canada) 25-22 in Golden Set after Maverick's 50 first won title match 18-25, 25-15, 15-11
Men's 60+: Gold – Kings Mountain Fog 60 (NC) def. Sao Paulo Masters 60 (Brazil) 25-11 in Golden Set after Sao Paulo Masters 60 first won title match 25-18, 25-22
Women's 60+: Gold - Brasil Mix-60 Sampa (Brazil) def. Mavericks 60s Just VB (Southern California) 25-8, 25-10
Men's 70+: Gold – Mac Magic 70 (Chesapeake) def. Outback Steakhouse 70 (Puget Sound) 28-26, 18-25, 15-12
Special Olympics Unified: Gold – Bad-Pack def. Allen Spikers 25-17, 25-14
Brackets for June 1-4
Women's AA
Men's AA
Women's A
Men's A
Men's 45+
Women's 45+
Men's 55+
Women's 55+
Men's 65+
Women's 65+
Men's 75+
Coed Reverse BB/B
Coed Regular BB/B
Women's U-Volley (Under 5-9)
USA A2 Red
Jersey – Name (School, Position, Ht, College Eligibility Remaining, Hometown)
5 - Kelli Fiegen (South Dakota State, MB, 6-3, 2, Parkston, S.D.)
8 - Kelsey Robinson (Tennessee, L, 6-2, 3, Bartlett, Ill.)
12 - Madison Kingdon (Arizona, OH, 6-0, 4, Phoenix, Ariz.)
13 - Correy Johnson (California, MB, 6-4, 2, Winter Park, Fla.)
14 - Kayla Jeter (Tennessee, OH, 5-11, 1, Solon, Ohio)
16 - Natalie Hagglund (Southern California, L, 5-9, 3, Encinitas, Calif.)
22 - Rachel Krabacher (Dayton, OH, 6-4, 2, Cincinnati, Ohio)
23 - Kelly Murphy (Florida, S, 6-2, 1, Wilmington, Ill.)
24 - Alexis Mathews (Michigan State, MB, 6-4, 3, Detroit, Mich.)
25 - Kristy Jaeckel (Florida, OH, 6-2, 1, Littleton, Colo.)
32 - Lauren Plum (Oregon, S, 5-9, 3, Poway, Calif.)
35 - Allegra Wells (Mississippi, OPP, 6-1, 2, Garland, Texas)
Head Coach: Geoff Carlston (Ohio State University)
Assistant Coaches: Kim Jagd and Ben Lee (Arizona State)
USA A2 White
Jersey – Name (School, Position, Ht, College Eligibility Remaining, Hometown)
1 - Carly Cramer (Purdue, L, 5-6, 2, Martinsville, Ind.)
3 - Carly Thomas (Missouri State, S, 5-11, 3, Swansea, Ill.)
6 - Ashley Frazier (Kentucky, OH, 6-1, 2, Oregon, Ohio)
10 - Monique Mead (Georgia Tech, OPP, 5-9, 2, Newnan, Ga.)
11 - Michelle Kocher (Texas, S, 5-10, 1, Wheaton, Ill.)
15 - Cursty Jackson (Arizona, MB, 6-1, 1, Los Angeles, Calif.)
18 - Kelsey Black (Texas A&M, OH, 5-11, 1, Amarillo, Texas)
19 - Rachael Adams (Texas, MB, 6-2, 1, Cincinnati, Ohio)
20 - Carli Weiler (Michigan State, L, 5-4, 1, Oak Lawn, Ill.)
21 - Colleen Ward (Illinois, OH, 6-3, 1, Naperville, Ill.)
28 - Alaina Bergsma (Oregon, OH, 6-3, 2, Chandler, Ariz.)
31 - Cassandra Anderson (Florida, MB, 6-1, 1, Bakersfield, Calif.)
Head Coach: Kelly Sheffield (University of Dayton)
Assistant Coaches: Michelle Chatman (Central Florida) and Daniel Jones (Utah)
USA A2 Blue
Jersey – Name (School, Position, Ht, College Eligibility Remaining, Hometown)
2 - Francesca Silva (Notre Dame, L, 5-3, 1, Laguna Nigel, Calif.)
4 - Taylor Brauneis (Louisville, S, 5-10, 3, Crystal Lake, Ill.)
7 - Gwen Rucker (Louisville, MB, 6-2, 1, Lexington, Ky.)
9 - Ashley Rhoades (New Mexico, MB, 5-11, 1, Rio Rancho, N.M.)
17- Jennifer Bonilla (Illinois, L, 5-9, 3, Reseda, Calif.)
26 - Morgan Broekhuis (Nebraska, OPP, 6-5, 3, Colorado Springs, Colo.)
27 - Brittney Brimmage (Missouri, MB, 6-3, 1, East St. Louis, Ill.)
29 - Brianne Barker (Oklahoma, S, 5-9, 1, Amarillo, Texas)
30 - Ashley Bannister (Texas, OH, 6-1, 3, Sugar Land, Texas)
33 - Michelle Bartsch (Illinois, OPP, 6-4, 1, Maryville, Ill.)
34 - Ariel Turner (Purdue, OH, 6-1, 2, Highlands Ranch, Colo.)
36 - Tarah Murrey (California, OH, 6-3, 1, El Cerrito, Calif.)
Head Coach: Fran Flory (LSU)
Assistant Coaches: Brian Hosfeld and Diego Castaneda (North Texas)


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A First Time For Everything - Page 2
"I'm game for any challenge," she says. "I don't care if I have a more important race three weeks later."
The latest challenge presented itself when she ended up volunteering at mile 85 of the 2011 Western States 100. "I was like, 'I have to do this,'" she says.
Her time at TNF 50 qualified her for the Western States lottery, but her name was not drawn for the 2012 race. So she e-mailed the race director. "I said, 'hey, I don't know how this works, but I'm a pro triathlete, and I ran a 50-miler. Can I get in?'" she says. "And he said 'you can if you go place first or second in one of the Montrail Ultra Cup races.'"
It just so happened that one of the qualifying races was practically in her backyard. She signed up to run California's Lake Sonoma 50 Mile on April 14. There was just one problem – while racing the Way Too Cool 50K in Cool, Calilfornia, on March 10, she tore her plantar fascia.
"I didn't run between the races," she says. "My next run after Way Too Cool was Lake Sonoma."
The gap in training didn't interrupt her goal of getting to the Western States starting line. Stewart passed a runner late in the race to finish second and claim her spot at the famous 100-mier.
"It's been a long road since April, with little running and a lot of cortisone shots," she says. "I'm not going into Western States the way I'd like to, but I'm up for an adventure."
Whether she can persevere this weekend with minimal training – and in her debut at the distance – will be the fiercest test yet to her versatility and her streak of successful "first attempts."
"Honestly, and a lot of people say this, my goal is to cross the finish line," she says. "I've met lots of pro ultrarunners now, and many of them have not finished a lot of races, and they've been doing it for years. So I think that's a good goal, to get my body over that finish line in the first try."