text:
Can faith in God improve your health? A surprising number of medical experts say it might. These scientists claim certain desirable qualities might be associated with personal faith and spiritual practice. Benefits often mentioned include speedier recovery from illness, lower blood pressure, stronger immune system, positive mental health and longer life. Insurance underwriters, call your …
Tag Archive: Duke psychiatrist Harold Koenig
Sep 08 2013
Faith in God: Good for your health?
Featured, Gospel News, Healthy Family
September 8, 2013
Tags: age, blood pressure, Christ, Christian, Christianity, christians, church, Dale Matthews, Duke psychiatrist Harold Koenig, Education, extrinsic, faith, faith's health, fight disease, financier, Florida's secretary of health, Florida's secretary of health Robert Brooks, friend, friendhsip, gender, genetics, Georgetown University medical professor Dale Matthews, get well, God, Harold Koenig, heal, healing, Healing in Medicine, health, Healthcare, healthy, hmo, hopeless alcoholic, illness, Jesus, jesus christ, jew, Jewish, jews, John Templeton, John Templeton Foundation, Jr., Koenig, longer life, love, Love each other. Just as I have loved you, lower blood pressure, meantal health, medical training, meditation, Muslim, muslims, negative effects, pediatric surgeon, personal faith, positive, positive effects, positive mental health, prayer, recover, recovering, religion, religions, Robert Brooks, Rusty Wright, speedier recovery from illness, spiritual, spiritual exercises, Spirituality, Spirituality and Healing in Medicine, stress, stronger immune system, Study of Religion, unconditional love, well being, Wellness, you should love each other. trust in me
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/faith-in-god-good-for-your-health/
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White Castle taking its Sliders on the road in two food trucks
The Columbus Dispatch - April 26, 0013 03:05 PM
White Castle is building two food trucks that will be ambassadors for its iconic food at festivals and charity events in the Midwest, Northeast and beyond.
The Columbus fast-food company plans to have the first truck on the road by early summer. One truck will be based in Columbus, the second, likely in Louisville, Ky.
"It will be really, truly, the first White Castle on wheels," said Jamie Richardson, White Castle's vice president of government and shareholder relations. "We've been referring to the project as WOW. That's White Castle On Wheels. We're thinking it will be a Wow for our customers."
White Castle hired Custom Concessions in Bridgewater, Pa., to build the trucks "to our specifications," Richardson said.
Custom Concessions is building the first food truck in its Indiana plant, said Jamie Williams, an owner of the company. Custom Concessions is trying to finish the truck so the company can show it off at the National Restaurant Association's NRA Show in Chicago in mid-May.
After the show, the truck -- which is painted white -- will be branded with White Castle's logo and graphics, both Jamies said.
White Castle recently asked its Facebook followers to name the trucks. Their top choice? The Craver Mobile. (White Castle calls its customers "Cravers," and the lot of them, "Craver Nation.")
Co-founded by Billy Ingram in Wichita, Kansas, in 1921, White Castle now operates 406 restaurants in 12 states. White Castle customers are known for traveling many miles to get their sacks of Sliders.
"This is our chance to take the crave to them," Richardson said. "We think, in that sense, it's going to be celebratory."
Photo: White Castle's food truck at a Custom Concessions location in Indiana. Credit: Randy Carr

subset: commoncrawl


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The Department of Internal Medicine at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
in Amarillo is dedicated to patient care, teaching at the resident and medical student
levels, and research. It is a strong and growing department with a close faculty-resident/student
interrelationship and a strong foundation in general internal medicine.
Established in the mid-1970's as a regional campus of the flagship Texas Tech in Lubbock,
with a goal of training physicians for the underserved West Texas and Panhandle region,TTUHSC-Amarillo
is now essentially autonomous in its day-to-day life under the leadership of the Regional
Dean and the Regional Department Chairs of Internal Medicine, Surgery, OB-GYN, Pediatrics,
Family Medicine, and Psychiatry. And while many graduates have remained in the area,
many others have gone on to fellowships and practices elsewhere in the state and nation.
Our Internal Medicine program strikes a good balance between clinical and didactic
teaching, individual clinical experience and supervision, and public and private institutions,
with patients across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. We see the health problems
typical of various groups, the common and the uncommon, the general and the subspecialty-oriented,
the inpatient and outpatient. Our efforts were confirmed in September, 2004, with
continued full accreditation of our program by the Residency Review Committee of the
ACGME. Another important date for us was May, 2002, when we moved our academic offices
and outpatient clinical practice into the new Texas Tech School of Medicine building.
Fellowships have also been added recently in Geriatrics and Women's Health, with others
in development.
Adding to this is a renewed emphasis on research. The Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health to is multi-campus institute with an integrated mission of research, professional
education and community outreach. The Institute offers a multidisciplinary approach
in researching women's health and gender differences of the aging woman, cardiovascular
disease, oncology, addictions, to name a few. The Regional Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases is also located on the Amarillo campus with the mission to provide an interdisciplinary
forum at the Texas Tech University School of Medicine for research, education, and
clinical care of influenza illness.
Life outside of medicine is good in Amarillo. It offers the amenities of a city of
200,000, but without the traffic and crime problems of a major metropolitan area,
as well as good schools, an underrated pleasant climate, and a generally supportive
Please see our Residency Information section for further details and come see us to
get a first hand look at the TTUHSC-Amarillo Department of Internal Medicine. We believe
you will gain a positive impression.
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center @ Amarillo, 1400 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106806.414.9608 firstname.lastname@example.com
Online Institutional Resumes
Campus Webmasters | Site Policies
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TTUHSC Home | Texas Tech University System | Texas Tech University | TTUHSC at El Paso | Angelo State University
©2016 Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center | All Rights Reserved


text:
AmCham Germany's public affairs and government
relations activities
revolve around the work of fourteen specialized policy committees. The
policy committees constitute AmCham Germany's forum for discussing
and defining policy recommendations on critical transatlantic business
and government issues.
The AmCham Germany Corporate and Business Law Committee represents the interests of companies involved in German-American trade relations.
The main mission of AmCham Germany's Corporate Responsibility Committee
is to improve integration of multinational companies into the ongoing
national and international debates and initiatives related to CSR and
AmCham Germany's Entrepreneurship Committee promotes the role of
entrepreneurship for growth and competitiveness by sharing experiences
and best practices from both sides of the Atlantic and recommending
measures for strengthening the policy framework for entrepreneurial
ventures in Germany.
AmCham Germany's Environment & Energy Committee supports the
principles of long-term economic efficiency, demand-oriented innovation
and excellence in production processes impacting the environment as well
as product management in German and European legislation.
AmCham Germany's Financial Services Committee engages in policy issues and discussions relating to financial developments on national, European and global levels.
AmCham Germany discusses current health care policies within two policy
committees: the Health Care Committee and the Business of Healthcare
AmCham Germany's Mittelstand Committee represents the interests of small
and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany and provides its members
with a unique platform for exchanging best practices and discussing
relevant policy developments.
The Social and Labor Affairs
Committee monitors social and labor policy debates in Germany.
The Tax Committee is the
strongest tax-focused lobbying group of inbound investors in Germany and
maintains good relations across all parties with political leaders and administrative
officials at the regional and federal levels.
The Telecommunications, Internet & Media (TIM) Committee is the
voice of AmCham Germany's member companies in the field of
telecommunications, internet and media and aims to create fair
competition as well as an innovation and investment-friendly climate in
those markets.
Europe and the United States look
back on a strong relationship that is based on shared values and beliefs. Two AmCham Germany Committees concentrate on US-German Relations:TTIP and Transatlantic Aerospace & Defense.
Visit also our TTIP Information center to get recent news about the free trade agreement between Europe and the United States.
AmCham Germany's New US Administration Info Desk provides relevant and
up-to-date information regarding the transatlantic policy objectives,
economic iniatives and cabinet members of the incoming administration.
The Annual Meeting, in addition to offering the chance to hear leading
speakers from government and industry, provides unique opportunities for
members to meet, discuss common issues and learn from one another.
AmCham Germany annually presents the prestigious AmCham Germany
Transatlantic Partnership Award, honoring significant contributions to
the German-American relationship and seeking to support future
AmCham Germany services include research and support for business development for Germany, USA and the rest of the world. How can we help you?
AmCham Germany members are able
to offer exclusive discounts or special promotions to other members to
promote their business and to strengthen membership unity. Check out the offers by clicking on the different categories. Simply log in using your username and password to view all special rates.
Today, with 3,000 members, AmCham Germany is the largest American
Chamber of Commerce in Europe. Our members include 90% of the top 50 US
companies in Germany, 70% of all DAX 30 companies, two-thirds of the top
50 corporate law firms and representatives from the German finance
sector and services industry. See more ...
AmCham Germany strives to enhance global economic and trade relations
built on a strong foundation of American and German partnership. We
actively support and promote our members' interests through our global
networks in business, politics and AmChams worldwide.
AmCham Germany was founded in Berlin on 30 January 1903 as the American Chamber of Commerce. AmCham Germany is the oldest bilateral trade association in Germany and the second oldest AmCham in the world.
Protektionismus hat in einer globalisierten Welt keinen Platz. Neue US-Regierung sollte den fairen und freien Handel als Wachstumslokomotive begreifen...
Berlin, January 20, 2017: Eva Christiansen, responsible for "Policy Planning, Basic Issues and Special Tasks" in the Federal Chancellery, visited...
AmCham Germany's New US Administration Info Desk provides relevant and up-to-date information regarding the transatlantic policy objectives, economic...
The AmCham Germany Transatlantic Aerospace and Defense Committee welcomes the ongoing Reform of the U.S. Export Controls, which is shortening...
Ambassador John B. Emerson on the challenges and opportunities of the transatlantic relationship in 2017. Read the full interview here
Statements and highlights from the 10th Transatlantic Business Conference on November 9-10, 2016 in Frankfurt am Main.
Global Switch is the leading owner, operator and developer of large-scale, carrier and cloud neutral, multi-tenanted data center services in Europe...
On Friday, December 16, 2016, AmCham Germany organized a Farewell Luncheon in Frankfurt am Main for the departing US Ambassador to Germany, John B....
We mourn the loss of our Honorary Member, Prof. Dr. Hans Thümmel, who passed away on December 14, 2016. He was highly involved in AmCham Germany...


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Was just looking at this Beatles related artists and found there was no Yoko Ono topic. I don't mind Just wonder why when she did appear on some Beatles tracks, worked with John Lennon on some of his best songs and he also wrote some great songs with her in mind. Other than that she sings or rather screams also I quite like her song Mrs Lennon - only because it has Imagine sounding/period paino on it
Why has someone with the grace of Marylin Monroe, elegance of Aundrey Hepburn and style of Jackie Kennedy Onasis been left out ????


text:
Gale goes through the steps of making fudge frosting thickened with flour.Watch Video
Orange buttercream frosting is a crowning touch on Kelsey's Carrot Cookies.
Follow these simple tips and you'll be frosting cakes like a pro.
Alton Brown answers viewers' questions about frosting and icing.
Gale Gand makes a guaranteed quick version of classic buttercream frosting.
Alex makes a simple cake and tops it wit mounds of "marshmallowy" frosting.
Make professional-looking decorated cookies using these simple techniques.
Orange cake with orange icing: orange you glad Rachel shared the recipe?
Rachel's classic carrot cake is meltingly delicious frosted or plain.
Here's all you need to know for perfect cupcakes and buttercream frosting.
Ina's decadent chocolate cake uses black coffee as its secret ingredient.
Get Cooking Channel on your TV.


text:
Hi all!
I've been using Linux for some time now, and have experimented with different distributions. At the moment, I'm running Kubuntu 12.10, but have tried Debian, Mint and Fedora.
I don't consider myself anywhere near "expert" level, but I have got a fair amount of experience with hardware and different OSes. I would love to be able to run Fedora, but what put me off was the RPM package manager. I like to think of Fedora as a little more advanced than Ubuntu, and consequently a little more powerful - which of course is appealing! Having the latest and greatest is also important, and Fedora does display that.
Specifically, moving to Fedora was a pain for the following reasons:
1) Pretty much all my more "in depth" experience is with Debian-based distros. Faced with a new syntax when it came to using the terminal, and new commands to learn to use yum, it was just too much of a bother. Plus, there's no purge command, and since I'm a little OCD, the idea of config files just sitting around gets under my skin.
2) The repository seems much smaller. I understand the whole free software thing, and actually, I really am supportive of it. I do however believe that I have to be pragmatic to get things done - and sometimes that means using proprietary software. You seem to be (largely) out in the cold if you want to use this, there's no handy scripts for installing Java (like the Duinsoft one), and in order to add flash, you're given the choice of three repos, (rpmfusion etc) with no reference to which you should pick and/or why.
So here's what would be ideal for me. I want to continue learning with Linux, and since I've started with Debian-based distros, I might as well continue to build on that foundation. Kubuntu suits my needs for the time being, but I've run out of things to play with in it, and I'd love to feel I had the power and functionality under Fedora, but in something based on Debian. I know there are various tools too, in order to install .deb files on Fedora, but it'd be nice to be able to use stuff like this natively - it seems a little messy just to lump something on top of an existing OS when there's probably a suitable alternative that's a little more stream lined.
What are people's suggestions? Also, since we're on the Ubuntu forums, I guess it makes sense to ask...why are you here, presumably running Ubuntu, and not utilising your suggestion? I'm looking for the pro's AND the con's folks!


text:
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Untamed Animal Print Long Gown
Style: 570077087
Out of Stock
Softer than your wildest dreams, our animal print long gown with scalloped black lace bodice and hem, banded empire waist and back-adjustable straps.
- Our exclusive Cool Nights knit stays cool and dry.
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- Satin bow accent.
- Non-cling knit retains shape and silky drape, even after countless washings.
- Approximately 35.5" from shoulder.
- Rayon/Spandex. Machine wash. Imported.
Read more… Read less…


text:
Composition FOR OLSAVAS HHydrochlorothiazide(12.5 mg),Olmesartan(40 mg)
food interaction for OLSAVAS H
alcohol interaction for OLSAVAS H
pregnancy interaction for OLSAVAS H
lactation interaction for OLSAVAS H
Taking Olmesartan with alcohol may excessively lower the blood pressure.
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk, for example in life-threatening situations. Please consult your doctor.
How it works
Common side effects
How it works
Common side effects
- OLMEZEST H 40 TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Sun Pharmaceutical Industries LtdRs. 17.20/tabletRs. 172pay 26% more per tablet
- OLMESAR H 40 TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Macleods Pharmaceuticals Pvt LtdRs. 20/tabletRs. 200pay 47% more per tablet
- PINOM H 12.5 MG/40 MG TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Lupin LtdRs. 14.40/tabletRs. 144pay 6% more per tablet
- OLMAT-40 H TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Micro Labs LtdRs. 19.45/tabletRs. 194.50pay 43% more per tablet
- OLVANCE H 12.5 MG/40 MG TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Sun Pharmaceutical Industries LtdRs. 17.20/tabletRs. 172pay 26% more per tablet
Expert advice FOR OLSAVAS H
- If you are allergic to sulfonamide-derived drugs (Sulfa drugs).
- If you have diabetes or increase lipid levels (cholesterol).
- If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
- If you have any other disease such as kidney disease, liver disease, heart disease, diabetes or gout, asthma and lupus erythematosus (an allergic condition which causes joint pain, skin rashes and fever).
Frequently asked questions FOR OLSAVAS H
Q. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic,which increases the excretion of urine?
Patients should follow the advice of the doctor regarding its use
Q. Is hydrochlorothiazide a statin/ opiate?
No.It is the derivative of chlorothiazide
Q. Is hydrochlorothiazide bad for your kidneys?
No.Hydrochlorthiazide is a safe drug at prescribed dose by your doctor. Consult your doctor if you have kidney disease and follow the advice of the doctor regarding its use
Q. Can I take hydrochlorothiazide with lisinopril/ ibuprofen/ synthroid/ aspirin/ potassium/ phentermine/ losartan/ naproxen/ magnesium/ vitamins?
Taking other medicines may alter the effects of hydrochlorothiazide. Always consult your doctor for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required
Q. Does hydrochlorothiazide cause diabetes/ erectile dysfunction/ weight loss/ gout/ constipation/tinnitus/ potassium loss?
Hydrochlorothiazide causing these side effects is rare or uncommon. However, consult your doctor if you experience any of these side effects
Q. Does hydrochlorothiazide have sulfa in it?
Yes.Hydrochlorothiazide has sulfa and it is chemically known as 6-chloro- 3, 4-dihydro-2 H-1, 2, 4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1, 1-dioxide
Q. Does hydrochlorothiazide clean your system?
No.Hydrochlorothiazide reduces extra fluid in the body.
Q. What is olmesartan medoxomil?
Olmesartan medoxomil is available as olmezest or Benicar is an angiotensin II receptor blocker. It is not beta blocker or ACE inhibitor
Q. Is olmesartan better than telmisartan or losartan?
No, the effects of olmesartan, telmisartan or losartan are similar but may vary upon individual response
Q. Is olmesartan a blood thinner / statin?
No, olmesartan decreases the pressure in the blood vessels and increases the amount of fluid removed from the blood by the kidneys
Q. Is olmesartan safe?
Olmesartan is safe if used at prescribed doses for the prescribed duration as advised by your doctor
Q. Does olmesartan cause impotence?
No, olmesartan does not cause impotence.


text:
Avery - Big Tab Insertable White Dividers, 5 or 8 Tab, Clear - 1 Set
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text:
The hearty chickadee is an all-weather friend
ESCANABA – With a blur of motion and a puff of gray, a chickadee alights on the bird feeder by the window. He waves his slate-colored tail in a friendly greeting. Even though it's below zero outside, this little bird calls out his cheerful greeting chick-a-dee-dee-dee!
He is no stranger to this bird feeder. He quickly snitches a sunflower seed and sails off into the cold north wind.
The black-capped chickadee is nearly everyone's favorite customer at their bird feeding stations. Two states, Maine and Massachusetts, have the chickadee as their official state bird.
My aunt Sandy (an avid bird watcher) and I have always thought that the black-capped chickadee would have made a better state bird for Michigan than the robin.
Robins are only summer residents but the hardy little chickadees are at home in Upper Michigan year-round. Robins are backyard birds. Chickadees are creatures of the woodlands and forests that cover most of the U.P.
A person can't help but love the cute chickadee with its rounded head and almost neckless, plump body. They look so neat and proper with their black cap and black bib and shiny black eyes. Cream and rusty feathers decorate the underside of this bird.
The chickadees have been constant companions at our camp. I wonder how many generations of this fluffy looking friend I have watched fly back and forth from the camp to the feeder or to the trees.
All campers, hikers and hunters are familiar with the friendly chatter of chickadees. This bird communicates with the others in its flock, often calling the group in at a feeding site or warning the flock of a nearby predator.
When winters get frigid and the north wind whips, it's hard to believe that the gentle little chickadee can survive out there. Weighing in at less than one-half an ounce, this bird must eat a lot of seeds, dormant insects and carrion just to keep from freezing. This is when bird feeders really help their survival rate. Chickadees can lose 10 percent of their body weight during a cold winter night.
Happy-go-lucky in the summer months, chickadees mate for life. Nothing is cuter than half-grown chickadee chicks, but chances are you'll seldom see them because they are cavity nesters. They hatch their eggs inside holes in rotting trees. But if you're fortunate enough to get them nesting in your birdhouse, you may get a peek at their young ones.
The black-capped chickadees are inquisitive little guys that get quite used to human activity. So if this brave little bird can enjoy Michigan's winters, then we can, too.
Put on your skis, skates or snowshoes, dress fluffy and warm like a chickadee, and get outside in the winter sunshine. But don't forget to put out some sunflower seeds, peanuts or suet for our feathered friends of winter.
Karen (Rose) Wils is a lifelong north Escanaba resident. Her folksy columns appear weekly in Lifestyles.


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Jaime Hernandez:
This year the Mint produced two different versions of uncirculated gold eagles. It produced a regular Uncirculated 2013 coin without a mint mark. Additionally, it also produced a separate version that contained a W mint mark. This was the 2013-W Uncirculated $50 Gold Eagle and it was offered directly to the public. Unlike non W mint mark uncirculated coins which are only sold to the Mint's Authorized Bullion Purchasers.
The 2013-W $50 Uncirculated coins officially went on sale at the U.S. Mint on June 06, 2013. Each coin had an issue price of $1,725.00 each. However, the price of the coins fluctuated throughout the year depending on the spot price of gold.


text:
Now showing items 1-10 of 58
Urban reprogramming at Sunnynook: Can a landscape strategy for an urban design project provide satisfactory planning direction for a local body?
Centre plans, analysis documents, and urban renewal documents, appear on council's shelves and archives under many names. An examination of the contents page, in these documents, reveals a seemingly full and rigorous ...
The impact of educational migration on the professional lives of Colombo Plan scholarship holders
This project is producing new knowledge that will add to our understandings of the long term impacts of educational migration on the cultural, economic and professional lives of education migrants and their ongoing engagement ...
Landscapes for life (Stage 2) – An investigation of opportunities for aesthetic improvement and biodiversity enhancement for living roofs in New Zealand
Results from stage 2 of this project have shown that a New Zealand indigenous extensive living roof plant community can provide the basic microhabitat variables required to support lizards with the exception of humidity. ...
Status of the spotted shag (Stictocarbo punctatus) in the Hauraki Gulf
This project studied aspects of the population of spotted shag (Stictocarbo punctatus) that is considered to be in decline in the Hauraki Gulf. The aim of the project was to initiate an update of population data, a necessary ...


text:
Place your order by 4 PM EST Today and we will ship it by Thursday, February 2.
The classic three stone engagement ring with a simple stunning row of pave set diamonds. Featuring a trillion shaped diamond on each side of your center diamond at approximately 0.40cttw, the pave extends even further down the band for just a little bit of added glitter. All three stones are set in delicate claw wire baskets. This ring can be manufactured to fit some fancy-shaped diamonds for an additional $150.
|general information
|18K White Gold
|1.6-2.4 mm
|total carat (min):
|0.56 ctw
|can be set with
|0.50 - 1.50
|0.50 - 1.50
|Your Order Includes
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- 30-day Returns- 100% Refund- Lifetime Warranty - Free Returns (US only)


text: It is expected that the market penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the utility distribution systems of the USA will grow rapidly within the next decade. This would create demands that most power distribution infrastructures could not manage well without increasing the system capacity or mitigating their impacts by using smart grid solutions. This is a presentation from the 2010 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition Program panel that discusses the impacts of EVs on power distribution system planning and asset management, and explains how utilities are preparing to manage these impacts under various scenarios of EV market penetration. Moreover, the panel exchanges experiences on modeling and analysis of EVs and the estimation of their effects on utility distribution grids.


text:
We handle the parsing of options, and subsequently as a singleton object to be queried for option values
Commenting is here to help enhance the documentation. For example, code samples, or clarification of the documentation.
If you have questions about Ruby or the documentation, please post to one of the Ruby mailing lists. You will get better, faster, help that way.
If you wish to post a correction of the docs, please do so, but also file bug report so that it can be corrected for the next release. Thank you.
If you want to help improve the Ruby documentation, please visit Documenting-ruby.org.


text:
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Kate is at ease playing to 50 people in a folk club or 20,000 people at festivals such as Cambridge. Her increasing popularity means she is in demand throughout the UK and Europe. Growing up in a rich atmosphere of unaccompanied singing has led to a distinctive solo voice. Kate accompanies herself on guitar and piano and audiences will remember her for her dry Yorkshire humour that decorates her performance.


text:
3.7 Inline Docs Office-Hours Meeting
It's been awhile since you've heard from any of us about the inline-docs initiative for 3.7. We've been getting our ducks in a row, so to speak, and we'd like to start pounding pavement this week.
We're going to hold an office-hours meeting on Wednesday, September 4 at 18:00 UTC in #wordpress-dev. We'll review where we left off last meeting, cover the details on how we want to proceed, and make sure the details about getting involved really do show up here on Make/Core.
This meeting is mostly to help us on the planning team make sure we're on the same page, but all are welcome. As I said, the next action steps for interested parties will get posted back here.
Thanks, too, for all of the encouragement around this. We're pretty excited about it!


text:
2008 U.S. Paralympic Trials -Track & Field Underway at Arizona State University
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. - The road to Beijing is winding through Tempe, Arizona where the 2008 U.S. Paralympic Trials - Track & Field are underway. The competition running June 12-15 at Arizona State University, is the sole qualifying event in track & field for the 2008 Paralympic Games. Arizona Disabled Sports and the City of Mesa Parks, Recreation and Commercial Facilities will act as the local organizing committee.
The track at Arizona State University should prove to be great training ground for athletes, as it was recently resurfaced with the exact materials used to build the track that athletes will be racing on in Beijing. It is the only track in the U.S. with the same surface.
"We're excited about going to the greater Mesa/Tempe area for a number of reasons," said Troy Engle, Associate Director and Head Coach, Paralympic Track & Field. "First and foremost, we have great confidence in the local organizing committee - Arizona Disabled Sports and the City of Mesa Parks, Recreation and Commercial Facilities. They have shown a strong commitment to making this our best event ever, and after attending the Desert Challenge, we have great confidence that they're going to put on a fantastic event - both for the elite athletes and spectators."
The competition is expected to draw over 200 athletes with a physical disability from all over the world.
Athletes who meet the minimum qualifying standards will be eligible to compete in the Trials. These standards, as well as additional information about the competition, are available online at http://www.2008paralympictracktrials.com/.
The competition program is scheduled to include events that will be contested at the 2008 Paralympic Games, with the exception of the marathon.


text:
Where Marketing and Finance Agree on Measurement for Creating Value
December 11, 2013
Meg Blair, the founding president of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB), provided an overview of the MASB initiative to establish an industry standard for marketing accountability and predictability to improve financial performance and guide business decision-makers.
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text:
bronco wrote:JP wrote:both of you guys are updated now.
You forgot to put me up into second place though! This is an urgent matter since I might be overtaken any day by spug and/or xCx !
i fixed this injustice AT ONCE!
apologies brother.
there you go guys, a swede is ahead for now.
Actually, 90kg comp legal snatch is nice mate. I wish i can build my full snatch to that level soon, 45kg felt heavy to overhead squat


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (236 votes).
In short: Smooth organisation - fast course..In full: Well worth a go because of the fast course, also good facilities at Ocean Terminal for start and finish.Date of review: April 5, 2007
In short: Well done - the best organuised start I've done and the whole course was built for a PBIn full: Well done to all concerned; abrilliantly organised event.I had predicted traffic problems because of the bottlneck with the course and the traffic. I would suggest parking 1/2 mile short of Leith off the main road in from Glasgow as many others do.Date of review: April 4, 2007
In short: Good fast run. Well done to all involved.In full: Good fast run, very well organised. Everyone I know had a PB! The start/finish village was an excellent addition. Given the negative comments last year, the organisers have to be congratulated on their approach; listening and taking steps to make things a lot better. Well done to all involved.Date of review: April 4, 2007
In short: Overall good race this yearDate of review: April 4, 2007
In short: Good race, well organised and great fun.In full: Well organised race and a nice flat course with good PB potential. Will be back next year!Date of review: April 3, 2007
In short: Poor traffic exiting car park was worst part of an otherwise well organised raceDate of review: April 3, 2007
In short: Excellent - I'll be backIn full: I've done a few half marathons, but this is the first time for me doing this one, and it definitely compares well to all the others. Very well organised, which is an achievement in itself as it's still quite a new race, superb scenic route which would have been really fast had it not been for that cruel north-easterly. Great atmosphere, great race, look forward to next year!Date of review: April 3, 2007
In short: Excellent...if you'd like a PB then do this race!In full: Totally agree with other comments. After the 2006 debarcle, 2007 was excellent. Out with the terrible hairpins especially the soul destroying last mile. In with a terrific start and finish, great runners village and of the hairpins that were kept in, they were comfortable and not physcologically damaging!Well done to the organisors for listening to every 2006 criticism (of which there were lots!) and for putting it right. This is a fantastic flat course & well worth getting out yer pit for early on a Sunday morning. Got a PB - knocking 15mins of last year's time and 4 mins of my current PB so well chuffed!Marshalls - good or bad they do a worthwhile and probably thankless task from a lot of runners. Some cheer you on and some don't but doesn't mean that they don't wish you well so thanks to you all for giving up your time on a Sunday morning.Only gripe - more toilets please. Ended up starting last again as queue for loos was soooo long. Spent the first 2 miles weaving in & out of people to get back in position!That said, I'll be back every year if the race maintains to improve its level of quality.Date of review: April 3, 2007
In short: Excellent race... will definitely be back!In full: Fantastic organisation, everything to do with the start/finish area ran like clockwork. Fast course, slightly windy coming back along the front but can't really complain about the conditions. A few questions have been raised about the accuracy of the mile markers, hopefully though, it still added up to a full half and all PB's achieved are valid!! All in all a great day, thanks to everyone involved.Date of review: April 3, 2007
In short: A big "well done" to the organisers...a vast improvement over last year. If this level of improvement continues, the race will go from strength to strength and become one of the top Scottish events.Date of review: April 3, 2007
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Backgrounder #2427 on Welfare and Welfare Spending
June 24, 2010
June 24, 2010 | Backgrounder on Welfare and Welfare Spending
Abstract: The growth of welfare spending is unsustainable and will drive the United States into bankruptcy if allowed to continue. President Barack Obama's fiscal year 2011 budget request would increase total welfare spending to $953 billion—a 42 percent increase over welfare spending in FY 2008, the last full year of the Bush Administration. To bring welfare spending under control, Congress should reduce welfare spending to pre-recession levels after the recession ends and then limit future growth to the rate of inflation. Congress should also restore work requirements in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and apply them to other federal welfare programs.
Podcast: Listen to Katherine (Kiki) Bradley on slowing the growth of welfare.
The federal government runs over 70 different means-tested anti-poverty programs that provide cash, food, housing, medical care, and social services to poor and low-income persons. These means-tested programs—including food stamps, public housing, low-income energy assistance, and Medicaid—pay the bills and meet the physical needs of tens of millions of low-income families. However, these programs do not help the recipients move from a position of dependence on the government to being able to provide for themselves.
Only one welfare program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), promotes greater self-reliance. The reform that created TANF in the mid-1990s moved 2.8 million families off the welfare rolls and into jobs so that they were providing for themselves. Regrettably, while the TANF reform was successful, no other federal welfare programs have been reformed along similar lines. The TANF reform could serve as a partial model of reform for other programs for the poor.
As government spending on means-tested welfare approaches $1 trillion per year, it is time to reboot the other poverty programs to control costs and promote greater self-reliance. In addition, efforts to rebuild marriage in low-income communities would improve the well-being of children, parents, and communities.
Reform should be based on five principles:
Careful policy reforms focused on fiscal restraint, strong work requirements, the promotion of marriage, and personal responsibility can transform the federal welfare system, reducing dependence on government and increasing the well-being of families and children.
The Need for Reform
When President Lyndon Johnson announced the War on Poverty in 1964, he created large-scale national programs to help the poor and needy. Spending on these programs has grown to alarmingly high levels. In 1964, programs for the poor consumed 1.2 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). Today, spending on welfare programs is 13 times greater than it was in 1964 and consumes over 5 percent of GDP. Spending per poor person in 2008 amounted to around $16,800 in programmatic benefits.
The Obama Administration has worked rapidly to expand the welfare state further. President Obama's fiscal year (FY) 2011 budget would continue this trend, further increasing spending on programs for the poor to 42 percent above levels in FY 2008, President George W. Bush's last full year in office. By 2011, total welfare spending (including the state portion) would rise to $953 billion.[5] (See Chart 1.)
Critically, most of this increase represents a permanent expansion of the welfare state, not a temporary response to the current recession. According to President Obama's published budget plans, welfare spending will not decline even after the current recession ends. Over the next 10 years, America will spend over $10.3 trillion on programs for the poor.[6] (See Chart 2.)
This massive, unending growth in welfare aid is not what President Johnson had in mind when he launched the War on Poverty in 1964. Johnson never intended to produce an ever-increasing system of government aid and a growing population that is dependent on the government. Instead, he actually sought to shrink the welfare state by curing causes of poverty. Rather than seeking to expand the welfare state, Johnson hoped to eliminate the future need for welfare by making the poor self-sufficient and prosperous.
Things did not work as President Johnson planned. Since the beginning of the War on Poverty, the U.S. has spent $15.9 trillion on means-tested welfare. Instead of reducing the causes of poverty, this spending has made the problem dramatically worse. By undermining intact families and eroding the work ethic in low-income communities, the welfare state has made families less capable of supporting themselves today than they were when the War on Poverty began.
For example:
A Model of Partial Reform: The 1996 Welfare Reform Initiative
In 1996, the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was transformed from a cash welfare program into a jobs program known as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Recipients were required to perform at least 20–30 hours per week of work or job preparation activities in exchange for the cash benefit.
Overnight, welfare agencies became job placement offices, and people who had been trapped in poverty and dependence began seeking employment. Between 1996 and 2009, caseloads dropped from 4.5 million families to 1.7 million. As the reform went into effect, employment for disadvantaged single mothers increased dramatically.[9]
The changes in AFDC were few, but they had a major impact on the program's outcomes. First, the system for providing federal funds to the state governments was overhauled. Prior to reform, states were paid per person added to the AFDC rolls. This funding stream was eliminated and replaced with a fixed block grant. Under the new system, federal funding would no longer increase if states expanded their caseloads. Yet if caseloads fell, the state would no longer lose federal funds, but could keep the resultant savings and use them for other services for low-income persons chosen by the state. This simple fix shifted the mindset of state agencies from an emphasis on increasing enrollment and processing checks to a new focus on shrinking caseloads and increasing employment.
Work requirements also profoundly affected both the recipients and the states. States were required to have at least 40 percent of their adult TANF caseloads working or engaged in a work preparation activity. However, states were given credit toward meeting these participation rates if they succeeded in reducing their caseloads.[10] In the decades before welfare reform, state AFDC caseloads rarely if ever fell.
If state bureaucracies failed to meet their participation rates and failed to reduce caseloads, they faced a fiscal penalty. These incentives worked together to reduce unnecessary enrollments in welfare, drive caseloads down, and move as many recipients as possible into employment. The results were striking. Caseloads shrank by over 60 percent, 2.8 million families moved off the rolls and into jobs, and 1.6 million fewer children were left in poverty.[11]
The same principles that were effective in TANF could be applied to other federal means-tested programs. Many of these programs serve the same low-income population. The only real difference among them is the type of benefit offered: food, cash, or housing. Ending entitlement funding structures would be a good first step in slowing the growth of spending and stopping the practice of rewarding states for increasing their caseloads. Requiring beneficiaries in other programs to work or prepare for work as a condition of receiving aid would reduce dependence and increase employment.
Reforming Two of the Largest Federal Welfare Programs
Two of the largest federal welfare programs today are public housing assistance and food stamps (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or SNAP). The federal government will spend nearly $107 billion on these two programs in 2010.
Food Stamps. SNAP is the federal government's largest food assistance program. It is a quasi-entitlement that pays states for nearly every person who enrolls in the program. Benefits are mostly determined by the financial status of the household, including the value of any income and assets, and recipients are generally limited to those who are at or below 130 percent of the poverty line.
Although nearly all food stamp households contain working-age adults, few of these individuals are employed. The program fosters a pattern of long-term dependence. While the food stamp program is commonly misperceived as a temporary, short-term assistance program, in reality the majority of food stamp recipients at any given time are or will become long-term dependents. In fact, half of food stamp aid goes to individuals who have received aid for 8.5 years or more.[12] (See Chart 4.)
Over the life of the program, the number of recipients has grown steadily, and spending has skyrocketed over the past two years. The new enrollment numbers for February 2010 show that nearly 40 million people are receiving food stamps.[13] Spending on food stamps is expected to rise to $75 billion in 2011 according to the President's budget for FY 2011. This is $36 billion more than in FY 2008. Enrollment has grown to 39 million people as of January 2010.[14]
To put the growth of this program into perspective, 31 million people were on the rolls in November 2008, and the program spent $39 billion in FY 2008. In contrast, since taking office, President Obama has almost doubled the spending on the program and added 8 million more people to the rolls. (See Chart 5.)
Although some increase in food stamp spending is reasonable during a recession, food stamp spending has increased steadily for more than a decade. This long-term growth in spending cannot be sustained in the environment of perpetual budget deficits and soaring national debt. Food stamp reform should center on two major points: controlling spending and instilling real work requirements.
Public Housing. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) runs three primary housing programs that provide assistance to low-income citizens: the public housing program (through the Operating Fund and the Capital Fund); Section 8 Project Based Assistance; and Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers. Under the President's budget, total estimated spending will be $37 billion in FY 2011. These programs subsidize the rent of about 4 million low-income households annually. According to the Office of Management and Budget, housing assistance programs are scheduled to spend $235 billion overall over the next five years.
Each of these programs is run through quasi-governmental agencies at the local level, known as Public Housing Authorities (PHAs). The approximately 4,200 PHAs around the country manage, operate, and generally oversee the administrative functions of federally funded public housing. Although the programs differ slightly, they all serve basically the same population of low-income people. In general, eligibility is limited to those with incomes at or less than 80 percent or 50 percent of the median income average for their county or metropolitan areas. Tenants pay approximately 30 percent of their income toward the rent, while the government covers the balance.
Because no time limits or work requirements are associated with any of these programs, recipients have no incentive or urgency to find employment or leave the rolls. A HUD study done in 2007 found that public housing recipients spend twice as many years as voucher recipients in the program with an average of 7.46 years.[17] The same study showed that 28 percent of public housing recipients and 14 percent of voucher recipients spent more than 10 years in the program. When elderly and disabled recipients are excluded, households of able-bodied recipients without children spent an average of 7.9 years in public housing compared with 4.2 years for those with children. These numbers are significantly lower for the same families receiving vouchers at 3.5 years and 3.4 years, respectively.[18]
Public Housing Operating Fund and Capital Fund. Both of these funds send money to the PHAs to pay the operating and management costs of public housing. The FY 2011 budget estimates $9 billion in spending for these public housing structures and units, which received an added boost of $4 billion in the 2009 stimulus package. These funds reportedly are going toward capital needs as well as to "support energy efficient, green communities."[19] Overall, about 1.2 million households live in these public housing units.
Section 8 Project Based Housing. Begun in 1974, this form of public housing currently serves about 1 million households and is on a trajectory to spend $8.7 billion in 2011. The PHAs enter into contracts with owners of privately owned buildings to subsidize a certain number of units that are offered to families at a reduced rent according to their incomes. In the 1980s, the program came under criticism for costing too much and limiting recipients to living in communities with high poverty. As a result, Congress ended the funding of new contracts and pivoted toward a new program concept of providing families with vouchers to enable them to find their own housing.[20] The 1 million units currently funded are based on original contracts and renewals.
Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers. The largest federal housing program, Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers, is run through HUD's tenant-based rental assistance account. Low-income to very low-income families are given vouchers to use in the private housing market to subsidize their rent. About 2 million households receive vouchers. Funding for the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program has increased continually over the past decade. President Obama's FY 2011 budget would increase funding by more than $3 billion from $15.7 billion in FY 2011 to $19.1 billion.
Strategies for Reform
Welfare reform should include at least five components: controlling welfare spending, instilling a discipline of work among welfare recipients, reducing rewards for dependence on welfare by treating a portion of the aid as a loan, promoting healthy marriage as the best way to prevent poverty, and limiting immigration of low-skill immigrants.
Controlling Spending. When Lyndon Johnson declared a War on Poverty in 1964, welfare spending consumed 1.2 percent of GDP. Today, welfare spending has risen to nearly 6 percent of GDP, and President Obama is rapidly increasing spending and eligibility for means-tested programs. Under his FY 2011 budget, spending on welfare programs would grow to 42 percent above the level of welfare spending during President Bush's last full year in office (FY 2008). By 2012, annual means-tested spending (including state spending) will rise to $953 billion.
Critically, most of Obama's spending increases are permanent expansions of the welfare state, not short-term responses to the current recession. (See Chart 7.) According to Obama's published budget plans, means-tested welfare spending over the next decade will total $10.3 trillion, not including spending for Obamacare.[21] Most of this welfare spendathon will be financed by borrowing from future generations. Not surprisingly, the federal debt will grow to equal nearly the entire national economy by the end of the decade.
This endless spending growth is unsustainable and will drive the nation into bankruptcy. Congress must return to a reasonable fiscal path. To accomplish this, once the current recession ends, Congress should return aggregate federal means-tested welfare spending to the pre-recession level, which was already a historic high at the time. Then Congress should cap total spending growth in the more than 70 federal welfare programs at the inflation rate. As Chart 8 shows, this cap would save $1.4 trillion over the next 10 years. Within this overall limit on welfare spending, funding for individual programs could be increased or decreased, depending on changing priorities and program effectiveness.
Instilling a Discipline of Work. One of the most important elements of TANF reform that led to success was the addition of meaningful work requirements. This was at the core of helping to move families off of welfare and into jobs. States were required to reduce caseloads, to have at least 40 percent of their adult population engaged in some kind of work or job preparation activity, or some combination of the two. States that failed to reduce dependence or require a sufficient portion of their TANF rolls to engage in work-related activities faced fiscal penalties. As a result of these provisions, the caseload nationally fell by more than 60 percent in only a few years. More than 2.8 million families left welfare for jobs and a better life.
Both food stamps and the three major federal housing programs could easily be reformed along the same lines by adding similar work requirements. Often, families will receive benefits simultaneously from several programs. Benefits from multiple programs should be tied together as a package, and the beneficiary should be required to work or prepare for work as a condition of receiving the entire package of aid. There is no reason why TANF should have a work requirement while the other welfare programs are treated like old-style entitlements.
Work requirements should have "teeth" and consequences for nonparticipation. For instance, if an able-bodied recipient refuses to participate in work or work preparation activities for at least 30 hours a week, then that recipient should lose the benefits. TANF studies have shown that states that implement these kinds of sanction policies see an immediate change to behaviors that lead to greater compliance and increased self-sufficiency.
In addition to adding work requirements to food stamps and housing, the TANF program should be restored to its original format. President Obama and Congress undermined TANF's work and funding structure by creating a $5 billion TANF Emergency Fund in the 2009 stimulus package.[22] The fund essentially pays states for increasing their caseloads while putting little to no emphasis on work strategies. In fact, only 16 percent of spending from this fund has gone toward any kind of employment or welfare-to-work programming.[23] The Welfare Reform Restoration Act of 2009 (H.R. 1277), introduced by Representative Tom Price (R–GA), would repeal this fund.
Reducing Rewards for Dependence. The United States funds a system of welfare entitlements that is far larger than most people imagine. This year, federal and state governments will spend nearly $900 billion on means-tested benefits for poor and low-income persons. This high level of spending is not a short-term response to the current recession, but the result of the steady long-term growth of the welfare state. According to President Obama's budget, means-tested spending will not decline substantially even after the recession ends.
Roughly half of means-tested aid goes to persons who are disabled or to poor elderly persons in nursing homes. The other half goes largely to able-bodied parents and their children. This spending amounts to over $25,000 for each family with children in the lowest-income third of the U.S. population.
Welfare entitlements generally begin at a child's birth. Some 40 percent of all births in the U.S. are now paid for by the Medicaid program. Most of these Medicaid-funded births occur to never-married women with low education levels. Once the taxpayer has paid for the childbirth, aid to the mother and child will generally continue through a wide variety of programs for years to come. Most of this aid takes the form of unconditional welfare assistance in which the taxpayer is required to support the recipient but the recipient is required to do little or nothing in exchange for the aid. In particular, the potential recipient is never expected to take reasonable steps to avoid future dependence.
Government welfare assistance to disabled persons and to the indigent elderly is nonproblematic and has widespread public support. Means-tested assistance to able-bodied parents and their children is more problematic, but simply abolishing it is neither feasible nor desirable. Government should continue to provide assistance to parents and their children when they are in need. However, the current incentive structure of this assistance is unsustainable because it rewards and sustains behavior that leads to even greater levels of dependence in future years.
Poverty and welfare dependence among able-bodied adults is largely the result of counterproductive and self-limiting behaviors: dropping out of school, having children outside of marriage, and intermittent, haphazard employment. Particularly important is the widespread nonmarital childbearing that pervades most low-income communities. Out-of-wedlock childbearing and single parenthood form the foundation of most child poverty and welfare dependence in American society.
Because the welfare state buffers individuals from the financial consequences of poor decisions and self-destructive behaviors, it encourages and perpetuates these behaviors. Welfare must be revolutionized to increase the incentives for constructive behaviors while limiting the rewards for behaviors that generate poverty and dependence.
One way to alter the welfare incentive system is to make potential welfare recipients more aware of and responsible for the financial costs resulting from imprudent decisions and behaviors. To accomplish this, government could treat the means-tested cash, food, housing, and medical care received by able-bodied parents and their children as a loan. The parent could be expected to repay some portion of the loan (perhaps one-third) at some future time. Both custodial and noncustodial parents would bear some responsibility for the welfare costs of their children.
Treating welfare as a partial loan would ensure that families would continue to receive assistance when in need but would also reduce the incentives for dependence-producing behaviors in the future. If such a policy were implemented throughout the welfare system, over the long term it could reduce the high levels of early nonmarital childbearing that are a predominant cause of poverty and dependence in American society.
Promoting Healthy Marriage. The decline of marriage is a predominant cause of child poverty. Roughly two-thirds of poor children reside in single-parent homes. Children born to and raised by a single parent are seven times more likely to live in poverty than children born to and raised by a married couple.
The lack of marriage is also a huge contributor to welfare dependence and massive government spending. Government spends over $250 billion annually on welfare benefits for single-parent homes in the form of health care, day care, education, food, housing, and other assistance. Restoring marriage in low-income communities has the potential to reduce long-term welfare costs significantly. If poor women who have children out of wedlock were married to the actual fathers of their children, nearly two-thirds would immediately be lifted out of poverty.[24]
Government can take two important first steps to encourage marriage in low-income communities. First, Congress should reduce the marriage penalty inherent in means-tested welfare programs. Second, the government should provide information on the benefits of marriage in low-income communities with high rates of out-of-wedlock childbearing. (See Chart 9.)
Eliminating the Marriage Penalties. As noted, the federal government operates over 70 means-tested welfare programs. Nearly all of these programs work on a simple accounting principle: The less income a family earns, the greater the benefits it will receive from the government.
In many cases, the earnings of an employed husband will be sufficient to bar a family from welfare aid. Therefore, the first rule for maximizing welfare aid is for the mother not to be married to the father of her children, especially if the father has a job. This creates an unfortunate social paradox: Many low-income couples can maximize their joint earnings by avoiding marriage. If the couple is unmarried, the mother will likely receive welfare income and benefits while the father will have any income from his job. If the couple marries, much or all of the welfare aid will be lost, and only the father's earnings will remain. In the crazy world of welfare, marriage reduces a couple's joint income while remaining single increases it.
These incentives are clearly counterproductive. The marriage penalties built into means-tested programs should be eliminated or at least reduced. However, reducing the marriage penalties in each of the more than 70 individual programs would be administratively infeasible. A simpler approach would be to increase the earned income tax credit for married families with children to offset the marriage penalties in other welfare programs.
Providing Information on the Importance of Marriage. In most respects, children raised by their married biological parents are far better off than children raised in broken homes. It is in the best interest of children, parents, and society to encourage women to delay childbirth until they are economically secure and in a stable marital relationship. These two conditions are tightly interrelated because marriage is a potent factor in creating economic security and stability. Research shows that most low-income parents are not hostile to marriage, but they no longer believe it is important to be married before bringing children into the world. This serious misconception leads to disastrous long-term consequences for children, parents, and society.
In the interest of restraining welfare costs and improving life outcomes for children, government should inform potential parents in low-income communities of the benefits of marriage and educate those who are interested in the steps to prepare for and maintain a healthy marriage. To accomplish this, government should:
Some fiscal conservatives may object to such government activism, but unless marriage is restored in low-income communities, there is little hope of slowing the growth of the welfare state.
Limiting Low-Skill Immigration. Current immigration policies encourage a disproportionate number of poorly educated immigrants to enter the United States. In fact, one-third of current immigrants lack a high school degree.[25]
Most lawful low-skill immigrants gain permanent residence through kinship preferences within the legal immigration law. These preferences for their adult brothers, sisters, and parents tend to bring large numbers of low-skill immigrants into the U.S., increasing the fiscal strain on taxpayers. The system should be reformed to allow entry for only spouses and children.
About 15 percent of all welfare spending ($100 billion per year) goes to households headed by lower-skill immigrants who have a high school– level education or less. Assuming the ratio remains constant for the next decade, America will spend $1.5 trillion in welfare benefits on lower-skill immigrants.[26]
This number is low compared to the trillions that would be spent if the current 11 million to 12 million illegal immigrants already residing in the U.S. were given amnesty. Less than 50 percent of them have high school degrees. Amnesty would make this population eligible for means-tested welfare as well as other government benefits. The cost to taxpayers would be devastating: Social Security and Medicare costs alone would be $2.6 trillion.[27]
As the education level of native-born U.S. citizens gradually rises, there is a tendency, ceteris paribus, for welfare dependence to decline. However, massive low-skill immigration works in the opposite direction, replenishing welfare rolls and adding to costs. In addition, high levels of low-skill immigration tend to suppress the wages of less-skilled American workers, thereby adding to welfare costs within that group.[28]
The legal immigration system should be reformed to limit immigration of low-skill immigrants who would impose a fiscal burden on the U.S. taxpayer and to increase the number of higher-skill immigrants who would pay more in taxes than they would receive in benefits.
The means-tested welfare system consists of over 70 programs providing cash, food, housing, medical care, and social services to poor and low-income persons. Even before the current recession, welfare spending was at record levels and growing rapidly. Over the next decade, the U.S. will spend more than $10.3 trillion on means-tested welfare. This amounts to around $100,000 for each person in the lowest-income third of the population.
The continuing rapid growth of welfare spending is unsustainable. The U.S. can no longer afford the automatic and unlimited growth of welfare entitlements. Once the current recession ends, total federal welfare spending should be returned to pre-recession levels, and future growth should be subject to fixed spending limits.
In addition, careful attention must be paid to the underlying causes of poverty and welfare dependence. Welfare has grown rapidly, in part, because the government has rewarded and encouraged conditions that lead to dependence. In particular, the decline in marriage, chronic low levels of work among the poor, and the immigration of millions of persons without a high school degree are major factors leading to high levels of poverty and a burgeoning welfare state.
In the future, government policy should encourage constructive behaviors leading to self-reliance and prosperity rather than rewarding counterproductive behaviors leading to costly dependence and poverty.
—Katherine Bradley is Visiting Fellow in the Richard and Helen DeVos Center for Religion and Civil Society, and Robert Rector is Senior Research Fellow in the Domestic Policy Studies Department, at The Heritage Foundation.
Show references in this report
[1]Robert Rector, Katherine Bradley, and Rachel Sheffield, "Obama to Spend $10.3 Trillion on Welfare: Uncovering the Full Cost of Means-Tested Welfare or Aid to the Poor," Heritage Foundation Special Report No. 67, September 16, 2009, at http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/09/obama-to-spend-103-trillion-on-welfare-uncovering-the-full-cost-of-means-tested-welfare-or-aid-to-the-poor.
[2]Brady E. Hamilton, Joyce A. Martin, and Stephanie J. Ventura, "Births: Preliminary Data for 2008," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 16 (April 6, 2010), at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_16.pdf (June 14, 2010).
[3]This is based on receipt of means-tested benefits as reported in the Census Current Population Survey. This survey contains a large amount of data on receipt of means-tested aid that are not presented in conventional Census reports on poverty and inequality.
[4]Robert Rector, "Importing Poverty: Immigration and Poverty in the United States: A Book of Charts," Heritage Foundation Special Report No. 9, October 25, 2006, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2006/10/Importing-Poverty-Immigration-and-Poverty-in-the-United-States-A-Book-of-Charts.
[5]Katherine Bradley, "Expanding the Failed War on Poverty: Obama's 2011 Budget Increases Welfare Spending to Historic Levels," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 2838, March 21, 2010, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/03/ Expanding-the-Failed-War-on-Poverty-Obamas-2011-Budget-Increases-Welfare-Spending-to-Historic-Levels.
[6]Rector et al., "Obama to Spend $10.3 Trillion on Welfare."
[7]Hamilton et al., "Births."
[8]U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Costs," June 1, 2010, at http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/SNAPsummary.htm (June 14, 2010).
[9]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children and Families, TANF Caseload Data, 1996– 2009, at http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ofa/data-reports/index.htm(June 14, 2010).
[10]TANF law stipulates that states must have 50 percent of their able-bodied caseload population working or engaged in a work preparation activity, but the law allows states to exclude from the total caseload a few different categories, such as women with children under age one. Because of this, the actual portion of the caseload population required to engage in work or a work activity is more realistically 40 percent.
[11]Christine Kim and Robert Rector, "Welfare Reform Turns Ten: Evidence Shows Reduced Dependence, Poverty," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 1183, August 1, 2006, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2006/08/Welfare-Reform-Turns-Ten-Evidence-Shows-Reduced-Dependence-Poverty.
[12]Robert Rector, "Reforming Food Stamps to Promote Work and Reduce Poverty and Dependence," Heritage Foundation Testimony, June 27, 2001, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Testimony/Reforming-Food-Stamps-to-Promote-Work.
[13]Charles Abbott, "Food-Stamp Tally Nears 40 Million, Sets Record," Reuters, May 7, 2010, at http://www.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=USTRE6465E220100507 (June 14, 2010).
[14]U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program," June 1, 2010, at http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/34SNAPmonthly.htm (June 14, 2010).
[15]Joe Richardson, "The Federal Response to Calls for Increased Aid from USDA's Food Assistance Programs," Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, February 17, 2010.
[16] Ibid., p. 6.
[17]Dianne T. Thompson, "Evaluating Length of Stay in Assisted Housing Programs: A Methodological Note," Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2007), pp. 219–220, at http://www.huduser.org/periodicals/cityscpe/vol9num1/ch10.pdf (June 14, 2010).
[18] Ibid., p. 225.
[19]U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2011 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2010), p. 587, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2011/assets/appendix.pdf (June 15, 2010).
[20]Maggie McCarty, "An Overview of the Section 8 Housing Programs," Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, January 29, 2008.
[21]Rector et al., "Obama to Spend $10.3 Trillion on Welfare."
[22]Katherine Bradley and Robert Rector, "How President Obama's Budget Will Demolish Welfare Reform," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 2819, February 25, 2010, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/02/How-President-Obamas-Budget-Will-Demolish-Welfare-Reform.
[23]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children and Families, "Approved TANF Emergency Fund Applications by Category," June 3, 2010, at http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ofa/tanf/apprTANFemerfund.html (June 3, 2010).
[24]Robert Rector, "Reducing Poverty by Revitalizing Marriage in Low-Income Communities," Heritage Foundation Memo to President-elect Obama No. 20, January 13, 2009, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2009/01/Reducing-Poverty-by-Revitalizing-Marriage-in-Low-Income-Communities.
[25]Rector, "Importing Poverty."
[26]Rector et al., "Obama to Spend $10.3 Trillion on Welfare."
[27]Robert Rector, "Amnesty Will Cost U.S. Taxpayers at Least $2.6 Trillion," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 1490, June 6, 2007, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2007/06/Amnesty-Will-Cost-US-Taxpayers-at-Least-26-Trillion.
[28]Rector et al., "Obama to Spend $10.3 Trillion on Welfare."


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To show at the Ohio State University Faculty Club, an artist must be tied to the learning institution in some way.
Of all the creative entities to have work presented there in the two decades that the club has hosted exhibitions, chances are good that Phoenix Rising Printmaking Cooperative, the source for the latest show, is the only one to forge that connection with heavy machinery.
The nonprofit organization started with a group of printmakers who were frustrated by the lack of facilities for their medium beyond educational institutions.
OSU faculty members at the time — including Sid Chafetz and Charles Massey, a former chairman of the Department of Art — tipped off the group's founders to a pending auction of some of OSU's printmaking equipment and opened up a relatively affordable route to start outfitting the studio that the group envisioned.
Based in a former warehouse space Downtown on N. 5th Street, Phoenix Rising has amassed enough equipment since then to handle intaglio, relief, letterpress and waterless lithography processes. The Faculty Club exhibition, "Pulling Prints Together," showcases a variety of prints and members' skills.
Co-founder Anne Cushman's solar intaglio prints layer detailed images of rocks and pebbles over colorful topographic maps. The frequently pleasant juxtapositions take a sharp turn with the piece Spill Victims, in which a topographic map is marred by jagged splotches of oily brown-black.
Judith Steele also expands on earlier work in her "Samara" series, an exploration of the visual possibilities found within the shape of a maple seedpod. In one print, she magnifies her subject until it achieves landscapelike proportions; in another, she reshapes the pod's elements to suggest the budding plant that it could one day become.
A narrative element arises in Eliana Calle Saari's atmospheric urban scenes, such as the shadowy figurative work Walking Away, and in Joan Tallan's provocatively harsh woodcut series "Women of the Holocaust." Rendered in a style reminiscent of the expressionists who thrived in Germany before the Nazis, the prints depict forced labor and maternal labor with equal fatalism.
Bahram Farahbakhsh offers the lighter side of war-related social commentary in the intaglio print Asymmetry. With its airy composition; delicate, shaky lines; and depiction of a showdown between fighter planes and paper planes, the work wouldn't look out of place on the pages of The New Yorker.


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Summer is the best time of year for the active bloke or gal living it up in South Florida. True, the heat and humidity can be stifling, but the days are long and the sea breeze is strong. This summer, instead of hiding indoors, seeking refuge in climate controlled environments, head out to John D. MacArthur Beach State Park and experience what Florida must have looked like before the great A.C. revolution.
Covering 438 acres of the varied terrain along the northern stretches of Singer Island, MacArthur Beach State Park is one of South Florida's last natural refuges, where four distinct coastal ecotones merge seamlessly. The park not only allows visitors to explore and unwind by land and sea, while bulking up on some Vitamin D, but also is home to innumerable plant and animal inhabitants, some critically endangered. Enjoy the park responsibly and try to leave it cleaner than when you arrived.
1 Go Snorkeling!
Snorkeling off MacArthur's beach is truly unique. Unlike the coral reefs so many equate with diving in South Florida, MacArthur's reefs are mainly Anastasia limestone rock formations, an amalgamation of sand and coquina limestone (mollusk shells). A distinctive Florida assemblage, Anastasia limestone formations dot the coast from St. Augustine to Boca Raton, creating reefs and rocky shores perfect for fish and crustaceans to hide out and graze.
A living structure, MacArthur's Anastasia Limestone Rock Reef is constantly growing, the work of colonies of bristle worms of the sabellariid family. Once these worms find a solid surface, like the Anastasia limestone, they begin to build a protective, cement-like outer tube from sand. The sabellariid worms connect these tubes to one another, forming mounding reef structures, often exposed at low tide. MacArthur's reefs attract an array of sea creatures, including tropical fish like damselfish and parrotfish; passing schools of tarpon; reef predators like barracuda and snook; a multitude of crustaceans; invertebrates—Caribbean squid are a common sight during the summer month; resting sea turtles, especially during the summer; and even the occasional ray.
The reefs are visible from shore and easily accessible with a short swim. If you go, snorkel, mask and fins are a must (there is no rental equipment). Fins are important, with ocean currents giving swimmers difficulties. And though the Anastasia rock formations are not as delicate as coral, do not touch. The sabellariid worm tubes are delicate and easily crushed by a heavy hand.
- Don't forget your dive flag on self-guided snorkel tours! Dive flags are required for everyone who takes the plunge. If you don't have one, pick one up at the welcome center for a $4 rental fee.
Snorkelers can join park staff for guided reef tours and explore the near-shore reefs with a professional. The guided tour is a great experience for those new to the area or just beginning to explore the ocean. The tour not only will take visitors to the staff's secret spots but is also a great chance to learn about the marine life that inhabits the reefs and waters at MacArthur. Snorkelers must bring their own equipment (including fins), be at least 10 years old (under 16 must be accompanied by an adult) and wear a safety vest.
- Reservations are required (561-624-6952); free with park admission.
For the newbie, or those interesting in learning about MacArthur Beach's reef ecosystem, join park staff for the informative Educational Reef Program. Throughout the summer on Saturday's at 10 a.m., MacArthur staff will lead an educational PowerPoint presentation on the park's near shore reef tract, discussing its makeup and importance to the ecosystem. Following the presentation, staff will recommend snorkel spots to explore. Participants must bring their own snorkel equipment.
- Admission is free with park entry.
- For more information and to reserve a spot, call 561-624-6952.
2 Paddle Your Heart Out!
Experience MacArthur Beach State Park by sea, and kayak around the park's estuary and surrounding mangrove fringed islands. Not only a great exercise, kayaking also lets visitors explore the park solo (or with a brother/sister-in-arms on a tandem vessel), paddling along the idyllic cove at the northern end of the Lake Worth Lagoon. Whether you go solo on a self-guided tour or join a group with a guided expedition, there is always something new and exciting to see along the lagoon.
The relative shallow waters and the protective barriers make the cove the ideal kayak locale, limiting boater traffic, while the wide berth of the estuary tames the tidal currents. For those looking to make a long haul, trips into the Intracoastal are a must, with a visit to Munyon Island on top of the to-do list. Because the estuary is a relatively shallow respite, high tide is the best time to take to paddle, ensuring easy navigation. Check saltwatertides.com for tide information (Florida Atlantic Coast—PGA Boulevard Bridge, then select the date).
There is always something interesting to see along the tour, with birds of every feather flocking to the tidal nursery, scanning the mudflats at low tide, wading for a meal or perched high among the tree tops, eyeing their next catch. Depending on the season, kayakers might see manatees cruising along the sea grass beds, dolphin in pursuit of schools of bait fish throughout the Intracoastal, rays and a variety of juvenile fish.
- For those who are need of a kayak rental, MacArthur has you covered. Rental hours are between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m., and kayaks are available at a first-come, first-serve basis. Rates are as follows: single: $12 per hour, $30 for half day, $50 for full day; double: $18 per hour, $45 for half day, $60 for full day. macarthurbeach.org/kayaking
- New to kayaking? Need some guideance? On the first Sunday of every month, park staff leads a land-based "Intro to Kayaking" course at 10 a.m. Free wth park admission, the class focuses on types of kayaks, must-have gear, and basic paddling tips. If you are new, try to attend the class - it will help.
3 Angler's Paradise!
The varied marine ecosystems of MacArthur offer anglers an array of fishing possibilities. Whether you dig fishing the reef, wading the flats, casting a fly or fishing from a kayak, MacArthur is the ideal place to bait up and cast out.
For those who dig digging for sand fleas and surf fishing for some pompano, MacArthur's 1.6 miles of beach is the perfect spot to set up base (though the long haul from car to beach may deter the beginner). When the tarpon are running and the snook are hanging, MacArthur's near-shore reef makes for an excellent spot to drop a line. Shore fishing usually sees an uptick during the summer as fish head for the cooler waters of the Atlantic.
- Tools for the trade: medium action rod and reel (spinning), sand flea rake, bucket, sand spike (to hold rod while line is out) and light tackle (2/0 hooks, 12-pound-test monofilament, pyramid sinkers—weight until they stay put in the surf). Look for sand fleas, not only for bait (free!) but also because their presence usually means fish are near.
For the inshore fisherman, whether by kayak or wading out in the flats, the mangrove-fringed estuary is rife with fish fresh for the taking. When the mullet are schooling, jack, bluefish, tarpon and snook are usually not far behind. Smaller species like mangrove snapper and juvenile groupers hang near the sheltered structure of the mangrove roots. If kayak fishing, try free lining (no weight) a mullet while drifting with the current (a small anchor is a must). The shallows between Munyon Island and the Burnt Bridge are always biting.
- Tools for the trade: light tackle, especially when kayaking. If kayaking, a small drift anchor will help slow your drift, while a large brim hat will help save your neck.
4 Don the Ranger's Cap!
Channel your inner Ranger Rick for a day and head out on a wildlife expedition. MacArthur is home to a vast array of animal species, 22 of which are designated as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Visitors marvel at the animal life that seeks sanctuary at MacArthur. From the stretching boardwalk, one can spy manatees slowly grazing the seagrass beds, dolphin streaking after errant mullet, raccoons cracking open oysters for a midday snack along the mangrove fringe and fish of a multitude of scale congregating along the boardwalk pylons. The insect life is vast and, if you can get past the heebie-jeebies aspect, quite interesting. Golden Orb Weaver spiders are simply everywhere; just look up and visitors are bound to see one spanning the empty space between trees along the trail. There is a consummate reptile presence, eagerly keeping the mouse population in check, while a few invasive species (green iguanas and curly-tailed lizards) are starting to make their presence known.
For the Audubon set, the bird life that flocks to MacArthur will have you grabbing for those binocs over and over again. The various ecotones and habitats of the park attracts birds of all flights of fancy, from wading and shorebirds to birds of prey and song birds and everything in between. Depending on the time of year and habitat within the park, birders can spy raptors like snail kites, osprey, hawks, great horned and barred owls; a slew of songbirds, including mockingbirds, jays (including the rare Florida Scrub Jay), robins, cardinals, thrushes, warblers and finches; wading birds, including egrets, herons, anhinga (the "devil" or "snake" bird), Roseate spoonbill, oystercatchers and ibises; shorebirds, including sandpipers, sanderlings and plovers; and numerous seabird species, including gulls, cormorants, terns, pelicans and gannets.
- The birding at MacArthur is top notch, but with so many species flitting to and fro, it is a bit daunting for the newbie, especially because so many of these species look similar to the untrained eye. For those looking for some guidance, free ranger-led bird walks embark on Sundays in accordance with low tide (capitalizing on wading bird activity in the estuary). Participants are encouraged to bring binoculars (though rentals are available for $5). Reservations are required; to RSVP, call 561-776-7449 ext. 109 for dates and times.
5 Explore the Nature Center!
The Welcome and Nature Center, a state-of-the-art educational tool, gives visitors a deeper understanding of the park's acreage. Delving into each of the park's four distinct habitats, the center is equipped with hands-on activities for children and adults, fish tanks and terrariums, educational information, placards and interactive exhibits as well as a slew of items and artifacts brought in from the park itself, giving visitors an opportunity to explore the area's history and parts of the park that largely goes unseen by biped visitors.
The nature center is big on aquariums and fish tanks, each designed specifically to capture the essence of each distinct underwater ecosystem within the park's range. Standing sentinel, a massive mangrove exhibit designed by Living Color (the same cats who built the Miami Marlins' home plate fish tank backstop and the South Florida Science Center and Aquarium's Aquariums of the Atlantic) showcases the habitat that mangroves take root in and provide. Featuring a 10-foot cylindrical aquarium, the exhibit is tide sensitive, ebbing and flowing just as the estuary outside the center's doors, giving a unique glimpse of the natural tidal cycle and how the marine creatures within react. The rock reef display houses two distinct tanks, both bringing to life the reefs that lay just beyond the park's shores. Housing corals, sponges, crustaceans, invertebrates and tropical fish species, the tanks are bright and an apt representation of the unique reef structure along MacArthur's beach, encouraging would-be snorkelers to don a mask and take the plunge.
The theater has three educational videos that viewers can watch on demand. Of the three videos, one explores John D. MacArthur Beach State Park from its ancestral beginnings to its current standing now as well as trekking the park's habitats, viewing the life that calls each ecotone home. The other two videos train the lens on the Lake Worth Lagoon, with one exploring the waterway's ecology, while the other takes viewers on a kayak journey from the Lagoon's north end (MacArthur) to its south end (Ocean Ridge), discussing the restoration efforts and recreation opportunities along the way.
Continued on page 2
John D. MacArthur Beach State Park
10900 Jack Nicklaus Dr.
North Palm Beach, FL 33408
- Open 365 days a year, 8 a.m. to sunset. Admission costs $5 per vehicle (two to eight passengers), $4 for single occupant.


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (330 votes).
In short: A great charity run with the intention of raising money - not getting a PB.In full: This is the first time I've done this race and I can't fault it too much. I'm a novice - it's only my second 10K so I didn't care about PBs but did find the walkers a bit of a problem because they seemed to walk four abreast in the middle of the road - perhaps an instruction in next years pack that walkers should move to the side? It just makes it's more difficult and dangerous with people weaving in and out.It's a charity run - the aim is to raise money for charity, not to help people get their PBs. Can't gripe about the entry fee - I can't imagine it's a cheap event to put on and it's a fundraiser after all.Well done to the organisers.Date of review: June 21, 2009
In short: There were lots of non-runners but that is to be expected in an event like this.Date of review: June 21, 2009
In full: This is a charity fun run-nothing else,designed for people with good intentions,hence the name run for all.Yes,it's frustrating for the more experienced of us,but what the heck,it's for a great cause in memory of an inspirational lady,lot's of first timers go on to run more seriously as a result,if you want to race avoid it , if you just want to be part of something special,this is the one.No chance of a pb,crowded all the way round , disorganised finish area (not as good as 2007) but this was my wifes first race today and she loved it! Go on,sign up for next year!Date of review: June 21, 2009
In short: Far, far too many peopleIn full: Took more than 15 minutes to cross the start line. Couldn't get past anyone. However, the atmosphere was great and it was nice to see so much support for the charities.Date of review: June 21, 2009
In short: needed kilometre signs to know how far you were along courseDate of review: June 21, 2009
In short: Gets better every year!Date of review: June 21, 2009
In short: not one for a pbIn full: Somehow did not seem to have the buzz I expected, but all for a good cause and worth it.Date of review: June 21, 2009
In short: Great race, All respect to Jane and her family, I hope to run every year. In full: having trained really hard for this run, I had hoped for under 45 mins. I was in the green pens but found that red no's were getting into the line up through gaps in the barriers. My other issue was 50 to 100 yards into the race after we all had started to run,the barriers closed in forcing everyone to have to walk, I don't re-call this problem in the last two years. very slow start but cleared after 1.5km. I did however beat my previous PB(Abbey Dash) with a time of 46 mins.Date of review: June 21, 2009
In short: Very well organised race for very good causesIn full: Not a club runners race, more for fun runners and walkers, but was smoothly organised despite 1st km been a bit of a squeeze. But what do you expect when there are 11,000 people running. Supporters and marshalls were very encouraging and good t-shirt and goody bag.Date of review: June 21, 2009
In short: My first race yet, which I wanted to get involved in to prep myself for a half marathon. Perfect for beginners and professionals alike. Great organisation and great atmosphere!Date of review: June 21, 2009
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Getting set for Noquemanon races
Northern Michigan University student Kristi Flohe assists a Noquemanon race participant complete his registration on Friday at the Superior Dome. Flohe is volunteering to fulfill a requirement for her events management class. For a complete rundown of the Noquemanon events planned for today, see Sunday's Mining Journal. (Journal photo by Zach Jay)


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By now I'm sure you already know how my saying goes; another week of fantasy baseball means another week of injury updates. Take a look at who's coming and going for week 19 of fantasy baseball action.
OF, Melky Cabrera/Kansas City Royals: Melky Cabrera was pulled from Saturday night's game because of a sore left ankle. He hurt that same left ankle earlier in the week, so he might get extended time off for the ankle to fully recover. He was scratched from Sunday's game and whether he will play or not on Monday, against the Rays, is yet to be seen. The Royals don't seem to be making too much of the issue, so for right now it doesn't seem too serious. Melky is considered day-to-day for now. (more…)


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Vertigo on the rocksThursday, September 25th, 2008
I am climbing a cliff in Mesa Verde, Colorado. My goal is to reach the exit gate of Balcony House before I panic and fall. The cave that accommodates Balcony House–a spectacular cliff dwelling built around 1,200 AD by Ancestral Puebloans and located about 1,000 feet below the 7,000-foot mesa top–was created by rivers and oceans eons ago. I find the façade's first foothold (not OSHA approved) after having climbed a relatively short ladder from the "house." While hanging on to the slightly swaying chain-link that's anchored in the cliff at vertical spots, it dawns on me I've got nowhere to go but up. My husband coaches, "Look at the next step." I am worried about hyperventilating–losing my grip. I acquire shin bruises clamping onto and leaning into the last rungs of the final ladder to safety. Then, I reach the ranger, nonchalantly sitting at the top gate, dangling his legs freely over the cliff's ledge. It scares me to look at that. My breathing is now so loud I figure everyone can hear me.
The group stands at the cliff's edge looking down at the path. Not me. I cower and hide low to the ground as far as possible from the ledge, shaking for the next 10 minutes. I did it! And–although proud to have ventured beyond the edge of my envelope–I will not do it again.
Just another checkride
The climbing adventure happened last week, several days after I passed my commercial multiengine checkride. With the new ticket fresh in my pocket, I felt quite boisterous, even confident about conquering my fear of heights. But when I climbed the cliff an unreasonable fear took hold of me–one I could not dispel.
Prepare and conquer?
While visiting another dwelling (Cliff Palace) the night before, I had explained my anxiety to the ranger. Would he recommend Balcony House considering my fear? "Climb this exit ladder and two-thirds up look left. How you doing?" he asked when I got there. "OK, that's enough," I thought while I looked into the abyss. But apparently it was not–I needed to push that personal envelope a little farther–and we both knew it.
Got similar experiences? Please share them, I'll feel less silly and know I'm not the only pilot with this phobia.