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Albert the Great
Albert the Great c. 1193/1206-1280
German scientist, theologian, and philosopher.
Albert the Great (also known as Albertus Magnus and St. Albert) is considered among the most prominent of the Scholastics (a group of Medieval thinkers whose interest in theology, philosophy, science, and logic was awakened by the reemergence of classical Greek, Hebrew, and Islamic learning in the Christian West). A prolific writer, he was the first Christian thinker to undertake an analysis of the entire canon of Aristotelian writings and to record his observations in vast commentaries on each of the Stagirite's works. Known as Doctor universalis (universal doctor) for the versatility of his knowledge Albert also wrote treatises on nearly every mode of scientific thought available in the Middle Ages, including works on naturalism, biology, astronomy, and alchemy; all his works emphasize the importance of experimentation and critical evaluation instead of an appeal to authority. Although primarily remembered for these copious and original writings on science, Albert, like his famous student Thomas Aquinas, placed the study of theology at the top of the hierarchy of learning. Among his works in this field are many commentares on the Bible, theological speculations about Pseudo-Dionysis, and books on ethics, morality, and divine epistemology.
Biographical Information
While the facts of Albert's birth and childhood are somewhat sketchy, he appears to have been born sometime between the years of 1193 and 1206 near the small town of Lauingen on the Danube river. He was sent by his father, a wealthy German knight, to the University of Padua, but abandoned his study of the liberal arts in 1223 and, against the wishes of his family, sought admission to the Dominican order of mendicant friars. Albert studied, and later taught, theology for the next two decades at universities in Italy and Germany, eventually completing his education at the Dominican convent of Saint-Jacques, located in the University of Paris. He graduated as a master of theology in 1245, and while in Paris came into contact with Latin translations of Aristotle's works brought to western Europe through the commentaries of the great Arabic scholars Averroës, Avicenna, and others. Albert's scholarly pursuits of the next twenty years were devoted to the study of ancient Greek, Arabic, and Christian knowledge, and culminated in his commentaries on the Bible, Peter Lombard's Sentences, and the works of Aristotle. It is primarily because of the latter that he became esteemed among European intellectuals, prompting his renowned contemporary, Roger Bacon, to declare him "the most noted of Christian scholars." In 1248 Albert was sent to head a new studium general (general house of studies) in Cologne, which became his home for the rest of his life. Named prior of Teutonia (a province that stretched from eastern France in the west, to what are the modern nations of Switzerland and Austria in the south and the Baltic states of Latvia and Lithuania in the east) in 1254, Albert spent the next three years attending to administrative duties, while continuing to work on his scholarly projects. In 1256 Pope Alexander IV sent him back to the University of Paris to defend the rights of the Franciscan and the Dominican orders to teach. Successful in this endeavor, he was appointed Bishop of Regensburg in 1259, though he returned to teaching in Cologne after less than two years. He subsequently served as a papal legate in Germany and Bohemia from 1263 to 1264, but soon withdrew from active ecclesiastical life in order to teach. Beatified by Gregory XV in 1622, nearly three and a half decades after his death (the delay was likely due to charges of sorcery that can be traced to his dabbling in the alchemical sciences throughout his career), and canonized in 1931, Albert was named patron saint of natural scientists in 1941 by Pope Pius XII.
Major Works
The breadth of Albert's learning embraced the full spectrum of natural science, philosophy, and theology, and his ideas are said to encapsulate the state of human knowledge as it existed in thirteenth-century Europe. Among his earliest works are a group of biblical commentaries and other theological works such as his Super sententiarum (c. 1246-49), an exegesis of Peter Lombard's Sentences, and several books devoted to the Neoplatonic thought of Pseudo-Dionysius. De bono (c. 1246-48), another of Albert's early writings, focuses on ethics and is a synthesis of his thoughts on natural moral doctrine. At the request of his fellow Dominican friars he sought to render the thought of Aristotle in a form "intelligible to all Latins." His Physica (c. 1251), the first of these works undertaken, is, like the rest of his Aristotelian commentaries, a sustained reading of the text coupled with personal and critical reflections on the work and on the thoughts of past commentators, as well as digressions (often of considerable length) designed to bridge any gaps in the original and to elucidate particularly difficult passages. Albert also wrote several completely original works, the most well-known being his Mineralia (c. 1252-62; Book of Minerals), intended to alleviate the lack of information on geological matters in the Aristotelian corpus. Typical of Albert's many scientific writings (including works on physics, alchemy, botany, zoology, psychology, meterology, geography, astronomy, and astrology), Mineralia attests to his wide but personal experience of nature and his skepticism regarding knowledge that is derived solely from logic or past authority. Albert's scientific writings evince along with his forward-looking belief in experimentation, his deeply Christian worldview—a quality that is infused in all of his works. For him God is the prime mover and first cause of nature whose will is observable in all natural phenomena. Albert's goal, in keeping with his role as a Scholastic, was to create a synthesis of learning within the context of theology, which he saw as the highest form of human knowledge. Thus, Albert's writings, consistently address the metaphysical questions of being, unity, and the good and maintain that no contradiction exists between knowledge gained by faith or by reason, since both spring from the divine.
Critical Reception
Albert received the epithet "the Great" in his own lifetime, and his writings continued to have a powerful effect on the intellectual life of Europe for centuries after his death. In science his stated goal was to provide "a complete account of all nature," and critics have since noted his influence on later scientists in terms of the acquisition of knowledge through experimentation and observation. In addition, Albert's name has long been associated with the medieval science of alchemy. The authorship of several alchemical texts of questionable authenticity has often been ascribed to him: these include De secretis naturae, Speculum astronomia, and Libellus de alchimia, all of which were included in the Borgnet editions of his works (1890-99) and correspond with the rise in his popular reputation as a magician soon after his death. In terms of philosophy, critics have observed that Albert's renown was quickly superseded by the insights of his former pupil and disciple, Thomas Aquinas. Most commentators, however, have acknowledged that Albert paved the way for the theological synthesis of Aquinas and the growth of the scientific method in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Recent critical assessments of Albert have emphasized several flaws in his thought, and some scholars have cited multiple examples of inconsistency and imprecision in his writings, but further evaluations await the completion of the modern Cologne editions (1951-) of his works. Likewise, future appraisals require the translation of Albert's corpus into English—only a small portion of which has been undertaken, primarily by Lynn Thorndike, Dorothy Wyckoff, and Simon Tugwell—for the present leaving many of the Albert's writings unexplored.
Principal Works
De natura boni (treatise) c. 1243-44
Principium biblicum (treatise) 1245
Super Isaiam (treatise) c. 1245-50
De homine (treatise) c. 1246
De incarnatione (treatise) c. 1246
De quatuor coaequaevis (treatise) c. 1246
De resurrectione (treatise) c. 1246
De sacramentis (treatise) c. 1246
De bono (treatise) c. 1246-48
Super sententiarum (treatise) c. 1246-49
Super Dionysium de caelesti hierarchia (treatise) c. 1247
Quaestiones theologiae (treatise) c. 1247-48
Sermones parisiensis (treatise) c. 1247-48
De forma resultante in speculo (treatise) c. 1248
Super Dionysium de ecclesiastica hierarchia (treatise) c. 1249
Super Dionysium de divinis nominibus (treatise) c. 1250
Super Dionysium de mystica theologia (treatise) c. 1250
Super epistulas Dionysii (treatise) c. 1250
Super ethica, commentum et quaestiones (treatise) c. 1250-52
De caelo et mundo (treatise) c. 1251
Physica (treatise) c. 1251
De lineis indivisibilibus (treatise) c. 1251-52...
(The entire section is 406 words.)
Principal English Translations
Book of Minerals (translated by Dorothy Wyckoff) 1967 Albert and Thomas: Selected Writings (translated by Simon Tugwell) 1988
(The entire section is 16 words.)
Joachim Sighart (essay date 1876)
SOURCE: "Philosophical and Theological Works Written by Albert at This Period," in Albert the Great, of the Order of Friar-Preachers: His Life and Scholastic Labours, translated by T. A. Dixon, 1876. Reprint by Wm G. Brown Reprint Library, pp. 101-19.
[In the following excerpt, Sighart surveys the writings Albert produced while he resided and taught in Paris and Cologne.]
Contemplation, prayer, and preaching were to [Albert] but the accessories of the greatest activity, the adornment, the joy of his life, a sweet recreation and an interior refreshment amid his more serious studies. The principal work to which he felt himself called was, besides teaching, his labours as...
(The entire section is 3398 words.)
Lynn Thorndike (essay date 1929)
SOURCE: "Albertus Magnus," in A History of Magic and Experimental Science during the First Thirteen Centuries of Our Era, Vol. II, The Macmillan Company, 1929, pp. 517-92.
[In the following excerpt, Thorndike examines Albert's representative thoughts on magic and natural science, his influence on his students, and his reputation among various critics and biographers.]
It may be well at the start to indicate the scope and character of Albert's works in the field of science. In general they follow the plan of the natural philosophy of Aristotle and parallel the titles of the works then attributed, in some cases incorrectly, to Aristotle. We have eight books of physics,...
(The entire section is 10100 words.)
Thomas Greenwood (essay date 1932)
SOURCE: "Albertus Magnus: His Scientific Views," in Nature, Vol. 129, No. 3251, February 20, 1932, pp. 266-68.
[In the following essay, Greenwood comments on Albert's scientific writings "as they represent the state of scientific knowledge in the Middle Ages."]
"Everything there was to be known, he knew." Thus is the genius of Albert the Great characterised by the Pope in the remarkable Bull "In Thesauris Sapientiæ" declaring the blessed Bishop of Regensburg a saint and a doctor of the Church. In this "Decretal Letter", dated Dec. 16, 1931, but published on Jan. 14, 1932, Pope Pius XI. points out that Albert the Great (1206-1280) was not only a lover of God, a pastor...
(The entire section is 1950 words.)
Thomas M. Schwertner (essay date 1932)
SOURCE: "All-Seeing Naturalist" and "Theologian," in St. Albert the Great, The Bruce Publishing Company, 1932, pp. 210-29, 270-95.
[In the following excerpt, Schwertner describes the breadth and depth of Albert's erudition both as a scientist and a theologian.]
One of the inevitable results of the assiduous cultivation of the history of the various natural sciences, so characteristic of all scientific research today, is the rehabilitation of Albert's good name as a scientist. Scholars in goodly numbers are again thinking it worth their while to seek to evaluate his original contributions to the various sciences and to...
(The entire section is 13785 words.)
S. M. Albert (essay date 1948)
SOURCE: "Doctor Universalis," in Albert the Great, Blackfriars Publications, 1948, pp. 59-88.
[In the following essay, Albert discusses the accomplishments of Albert the Great as a scientist, philosopher, and theologian, stressing "the universality of his genius" and his vocation as a teacher.]
In one of his books Ulrich von Strassburg, who is usually described as St Albert's favourite pupil, says of his master that "he was the wonder and miracle of his age"; and Pius II in his dogmatic letter to the Turks 1464, hails him as one "who was ignorant of nothing, and knew all that was knowable." In his preface—in verse after the fashion of the times—to the first printed...
(The entire section is 9719 words.)
Stanley B. Cunningham (essay date 1967)
SOURCE: "Albertus Magnus on Natural Law," in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. XXVIII, No. 4, October-December, 1967, pp. 479-502.
[In the following essay, Cunningham maintains that Albert's writings in his De bono constitute a significant development in the Medieval conception of natural law.]
In the history of the concept of natural law and its development in the Middle Ages, a privileged authority is commanded by the writings of St. Thomas Aquinas. By comparison, only scant attention has been paid to speculations in the area of law and morals carried out by Thomas' teacher, Albert the Great (1206-1280), and still less to the extent of Thomas' dependency...
(The entire section is 10095 words.)
Dorothy Wyckoff (essay date 1967)
SOURCE: An introduction to Book of Minerals, by Albertus Magnus, translated by Dorothy Wyckoff, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1967, pp. xiii-xlii.
[In the following excerpt, Wyckoff presents an overview of Albert's life and discusses the nature of his scientific writings, specifically of his Book of Minerals.]
Albert was a famous man even in his own time but, as so often with famous men of the Middle Ages, contemporary biographers omitted much that we should like to know about him. Modern scholars have had to piece together the sometimes contradictory statements in medieval chronicles and histories of the Dominican Order, local...
(The entire section is 9519 words.)
Stanley B. Cunningham (essay date 1969)
SOURCE: "Albertus Magnus and the Problem of Moral Virtue," in Vivarium, Vol. VII, 1969, pp. 81-119.
[In the following essay, Cunningham examines Albert's treatise on ethics, Do bono, arguing that the work displays an innovative concern with "the purely natural and human elements of morality."]
Within the intellectual upheaval that attended the appearance of Greek philosophical literature in the Latin West in the early thirteenth century, a special problem was put for Christian moralists when they were confronted by the theory of natural virtue contained in the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle. Not...
(The entire section is 14946 words.)
James R. Shaw (essay date 1979)
SOURCE: "Albertus Magnus and the Rise of an Empirical Approach in Medieval Philosophy and Science," in By Things Seen: Reference and Recognition in Medieval Thought, edited by David L. Jeffrey, University of Ottawa Press, 1979, pp. 175-85.
[In the following excerpt, Shaw argues that Albert's works were among the first to emphasize experimentation in the biological sciences.]
Insofar as it is possible to generalize meaningfully about such things, it is true that at the beginning of the thirteenth century Plato was the establishment philosopher, but at the end of the same century he was not so firmly established. At the end of the century,...
(The entire section is 4547 words.)
Léonard Ducharme (essay date 1980)
SOURCE: "The Individual Human Being in Saint Albert's Earlier Writings," in Albert the Great: Commemorative Essays, edited by Francis J. Kovach and Robert W. Shahan, University of Oklahoma Press, 1980, pp. 131-60.
[In the following essay, Ducharme analyzes Albert's "ambiguous and puzzling" metaphysics of individual being and dicusses in detail his borrowings from Christian faith, Aristotle, the Doctors of the Church, and Neoplatonism..]
The self-standing value of individual beings often appears as holding little interest for philosophers and metaphysicians. Since they are mainly preoccupied with the universal and the necessary, they grant scant recognition to the...
(The entire section is 11266 words.)
Pearl Kibre (essay date 1980)
SOURCE: "Albertus Magnus on Alchemy," in Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays 1980, edited by James A. Weisheipl, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1980, pp. 187-202.
[In the following essay, Kibre focuses on Albert's association with the Medieval science of alchemy and on several apocryphal alchemical texts sometimes attributed to him.]
Albert's interest in alchemy, the art, in his words, that best imitates nature, is revealed in the references to the subject in his authentic writings, particularly the Book of Minerals (Liber mineralium), his Commentary on Aristotle's Meteorology, and other tracts....
(The entire section is 5053 words.)
Nicholas H. Steneck (essay date 1980)
SOURCE: "Albert on the Psychology of Sense Perception," in Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays 1980, edited by James A. Weisheipl, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1980, pp. 263-90.
[In the following essay, Steneck explores Albert's theory of sense perception, arguing that it typifies the general level of scientific understanding in the field at the time.]
By the mid-fourteenth century, when the anonymous Tractatus ad libros Aristotelis … was copied, most Latin writers in the scholastic tradition held in common a conceptualization of sense perception that served well the needs of natural philosophers, theologians, and physicians...
(The entire section is 8962 words.)
Katharine Park (essay date 1980)
SOURCE: "Albert's Influence on Late Medieval Psychology," in Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays 1980, edited by James A. Weisheipl, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1980, pp. 501-35.
[In the following excerpt, Park discusses Albert's theory of the soul and its importance to Medieval psychological theory, including that of his student Thomas Aquinas.]
Albert wrote four major works on the soul: a commentary on De anima; Summa de homine (Book II of his Summa de creaturis); De natura et origine animae; and De intellectu et intelligibili. The first two were the most important for...
(The entire section is 2287 words.)
Simon Tugwell (essay date 1988)
SOURCE: An introduction in Albert and Thomas: Selected Writings, edited and translated by Simon Tugwell, Paulist Press, 1988, pp. 3-129.
[In the following excerpt, Tugwell investigates Albert's theological writings on epistemology, especially those that concern human knowledge of God.]
In 1241 William of Auvergne, by now bishop of Paris, together with the Masters of the University, issued a formal condemnation of several propositions, of which the first is that "the divine essence will not be seen in itself either by any human being or by any angel." The ninth proposition is that "whoever has better natural endowments will of necessity have more grace and glory," which...
(The entire section is 16008 words.)
Further Reading
Coleman, Janet. "Albert the Great." In Ancient and Medieval Memories: Studies in the Reconstruction of the Past, pp. 416-21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Discusses Albert's ideas about memory as they pertain to the development of the Scholastic theory on the subject.
Hawks, Ellison. "From Charlemagne to Albertus Magnus." In Pioneers of Plant Study, pp. 100-07. New York: Macmillan, 1928.
General overview of Albert's botanical writings and their historical sources.
Heines, Virginia. Introduction to Libellus de alchimia, ascribed to Albertus...
(The entire section is 362 words.)


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How To Replace Higuain
The Columbus Dispatch - August 30, 2013 09:12 AM
The Crew will be replacing more than just one player this Saturday against Seattle. The loss of Federico Higuain will impact a number of different aspects of the game, from the locker room to the furthest corner of the field. We addressed the most obvious one – who will replace him in the lineup? – in this story and this blog post earlier this week.
Here's a look at those needs and who might fill them during the next two games.
Who will be captain?
This spring, Higuain was named team captain despite the notable language handicap of not speaking much English. Now the Crew will have to look elsewhere for leadership, and coach Robert Warzycha was not tipping his hand after Thursday's training session at the team's facility in Obetz.
"Somebody will be the captain," he said. "I'll pick somebody."
Does that mean he already has somebody in mind?
"Yep," he said.
The smart money is on Chad Marshall. The veteran defender was captain the last two seasons and took the armband from Higuain after he was ejected last weekend against Real Salt Lake.
The one hitch could be the fact that Marshall did not practice yesterday. Warzycha said he had a rest day, that Marshall is not injured and that he expects the defender in the lineup against Seattle. Should Marshall not be available, things get a little trickier. I'm not expecting Danny O'R ourke in the starting lineup, and fellow veterans Andy Gruenebaum and Eddie Gaven will both be out with injuries.
In a situation where Higuain, Marshall, Gruenebaum and Gaven are all unavailable and O'Rourke starts the game on the bench, I think a case could be made for two players: Josh Williams and Wil Trapp.
Who will take penalty kicks?
This season, Higuain is 5 of 7 on penalty kicks. His seven attempts are a new Crew single-season record, while his five successful penalty kicks are tied for a record with Andres Mendoza (2011) and Guillermo Barros Schelotto (2010).
Last season, midfielder Milovan Mirosevic took the Crew's first two penalty kicks of the season before Higuain took the final one in the last game of the season. In 2011, four players attempted penalty kicks for the Crew and all were successful but none are still on the roster.
Higuain is tied with Dominic Oduro for the team lead in goals, but I can't find a record of Oduro taking a penalty kick in his Major League Soccer career. Given that, the most likely candidates would be Jairo Arrieta, Justin Meram or Bernardo Anor.
Asked who would take over that duty, Warzycha said, "That's a good question. I don't know."
Who takes set pieces?
The Crew might or might not be awarded a penalty kick, but it surely will find itself taking corners and free kicks in the next two games. Anyone who has watched Higuain for more than a game or two knows that these situations have been his specialty since joining the Crew. Higuain's service is the main reason why he has 13 assists in 38 career games and is one of the most-feared aspects of the Crew offense.
Warzycha listed a few replacement candidates.
"I'm sure we'll have some guys," he said. "(Wil) Trapp can take some free kicks and (Agustin) Viana can take them and if Tyson Wahl is on the field he can take some. Bernardo (Anor) can take it. (Ben) Speas can take it. We have some guys."
Meram was putting in extra work on free kicks yesterday. Viana seems a likely candidate for free kicks taken from the right side of the field when the coaches want an in-swinging ball served into the box. Wahl is unlikely to see action unless Marshall is unavailable and sets off a reshuffling of the back four and Speas is expected to start the game on the bench.
This might be the biggest loss of all concerning Higuain.
"It's a high standard because Higuain has taken them very well," Warzycha said. "They're going to have big shoes to fill, to take those free kicks, but I think they are capable of doing it."


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Owens weighs in on government shutdown
U.S. Rep. Bill Owens voted Wednesday in favor of a bill to reopen the federal government and extend the nation's debt limit.
The Senate voted first and passed the measure 81 to 18. The House followed two hours later and approved the agreement with a final 285-144 vote.
"I think it should have ended 16 to 20 days ago rather than getting us here," the Plattsburgh Democrat told reporters in a phone interview Wednesday night. "We all think it fits within the ballpark of reasonable – clearly not perfect. It does again kick the can down the road and invite this type of behavior in early January, and we need to get beyond that because the country needs stability."
The debt ceiling increase is now in place until Feb. 7, when it will go up for a vote again.
"What we're really talking about is the 2013 sequestration level of funding, which in and of itself represents a substantial number of cuts in programs like DOD and Medicare," Owens said. "There are programs funded in this that we will take interest in. LIHEAP is one of them."
Owens explained that the Low Income Home Energy Program is still being funded at 2012 levels; something he expects will negatively impact New Yorkers who rely on the program.
A change related to the Affordable Care Act was also included in the bill.
"We have a verification process that will go into effect relative to the ACA for credits that are available to people who apply for insurance on the exchanges," Owens said. "Beyond that there are not any other major provisions in the bill. It's relatively clean from our prospective."
Owens said the last-minute agreement gives him hope that there will be compromise between Democrats and Republicans in the future.
"I'm hopeful that this in fact will be a breakthrough and we will see a farm bill introduced by the end of the year, which I think is critically important," Owens said. "We may see some action on immigration reform; I'm again hopeful there. The primary focus from my perspective making sure we don't have this kind of an issue on Jan. 15 or Feb. 7 again. The only way we can get there is by having a deal that addresses a lot of legitimate concerns about how we get the deficit under control and ultimately the debt.
Contact Shaun Kittle at 891-2600 ext. 25 or email@example.com.


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Assault case continues
ESCANABA – One of two Escanaba men accused of assaulting a Bark River man in Wells Township last month was bound over from Delta County District Court to circuit court this week.
During his preliminary examination Thursday, Scott Allen Wahl, 23, of 2011 15th Ave., Escanaba, was bound over on one count of assault with intent to rob. The felony carries a maximum punishment of life in prison.
Co-defendant Jeffrey William Dickerson, 31, of 420 S. 12th St., Apt. 2, Escanaba, waived his right to have a preliminary examination within 14 days and has yet to schedule the hearing in district court. He is also charged with assault with intent to rob while armed.
Dickerson is also facing one count of assaulting/ resisting/ obstructing a police officer and one count of controlled substance – possession of analogues. Each charge carries a maximum sentencing of two years in prison and a $2,000 fine.
Wahl and Dickerson were arrested in connection with the assault of a 41-year-old Bark River man who was allegedly struck in the head with a glass bottle around 1 p.m. Dec. 17, according to Michigan State Police from the Gladstone Post.
Troopers found the man in Wells Township after responding to a 9-1-1 report of an injured person. The victim was transported by ambulance to OSF St. Francis Hospital where he was treated for head injuries and released from hospital care.
When police made a traffic stop later that same day, Dickerson, a passenger in the vehicle, fled from officers who apprehended him after a brief foot chase. The following morning, Wahl was arrested without incident at an Escanaba residence.
Wahl and Dickerson remain lodged in Delta County Jail each in lieu of a $75,000 cash bond.
During Wahl's preliminary examination, Judge Glenn Pearson ordered the defendant not to have any contact with the victim.


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Patrick Bastian
MANKATO – Patrick Bastian, 75, of Mankato and formerly of New Ulm died Wednesday, May 8, 2013 at his home in Mankato.
Funeral Service will be 11:00 a.m. Monday, May 13, 2013 at the Minnesota Valley Funeral Home, NORTH CHAPEL, in New Ulm with Monsignor John A. Richter officiating. Burial will be in the St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery in Sleepy Eye.
Visitation will be from 9:00 11:00 a.m. Monday at the Minnesota Valley Funeral Home, North Chapel, in New Ulm. To leave an online condolence for his family or to sign the guestbook go to: www.mvfh.org.
Patrick is survived by his sisters, Elaine Boynton of Portland, Oregon, Joan (Gene) Fuchs of Morgan, Bernice Bastian, Dorothy Siekmann, and Diane Bastian, all of Columbia Heights; brothers, Stanley (Judy) Bastian of New Ulm, Charles (Donna) Bastian of Plymouth, Donald Bastian of New Ulm, David Bastian of Garrison; and by many nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his parents; a sister, Rita Bastian; and a brother, Robert "Bobby" Bastian.
Patrick John Bastian was born August 6, 1937 in New Ulm to William and Bertha (Kokesch) Bastian. He enjoyed drawing cars and trucks and collecting Matchbox Cars and "Hot Wheels".


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Her father says the Seven Oaks girl fell. The Sheriff's Office is investigating.
By MOLLY MOORHEAD
Published March 6, 2007
WESLEY CHAPEL - Authorities are investigating the death of an 18-month-old Seven Oaks girl who died Friday of bleeding in her brain.
Ryanne E. Spohn of 2620 Millhopper Ave. underwent surgery Friday at University Community Hospital in Tampa and later died, according to the Pasco County Sheriff's Office, which is investigating. A death investigation does not necessarily mean that a crime occurred.
"We investigate it like one has, with all the evidence collection, interviewing, questioning," sheriff's spokesman Kevin Doll said Monday.
Ryanne's father, Jeffrey Spohn, told authorities the girl fell from a baby gate and struck her head. She was taken to the hospital by ambulance just after 2 p.m. Friday.
An autopsy determined she died of bleeding in her brain. Doll said he didn't know whether she died during or after surgery.
No other details were available, and Doll did not release the complete incident report, citing the open investigation. The final outcome could take weeks.
"What's still under investigation is the circumstances around her death," he said.
Jeffrey Spohn, 32, and Heather Spohn, 31, who lives with Jeffrey, have no criminal records in Florida. A 2-year-old girl also lives with them.
They could not be reached Monday.
Molly Moorhead can be reached at (352) 521-6521 or email@example.com.
[Last modified March 5, 2007, 23:42:11]
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by Anton Shilov
Sony Computer Entertainment on Tuesday said it would reduce pricing of PlayStation 3 video game system across all the markets where it is available. With cut costs, Sony can expect the popularity of PlayStation 3 is likely to grow.
From now on, Sony PlayStation 3 160GB will cost $249 in the U.S., €249 ($358) in the European Union and ¥24 980 ($325) in Japan. The more expensive 320GB model will also get a price-cut to $299, €299 ($430) and ¥29 980 ($390) in respective regions. In addition, a limited edition inFamous 2 bundle is now available at participating retailers across North America. Even though the price drop on the PS3 video game consoles is not significant, for many customers it will be a catalyst for the acquisition of the device.
"Since its release in 2006, PS3 has gained tremendous support from fans around the world and its cumulative worldwide sales reached a milestone of 50 million units as of March 29, 2011. Equipped with future proof cutting-edge technologies including the sophisticated processors, Cell Broadband Engine and RSX, as well as the Blu-ray disc (BD) player and HDMI terminal, PS3 has continuously enhanced its value to consumers through system software updates to support new features and services including stereoscopic 3D content playback and support for the PlayStation Move motion controller," a statement by Sony reads.
It is highly likely that Microsoft Corp., Sony's arch-rival on the market of video game consoles, will follow SCE with price-cuts on various Xbox 360 versions or instructions of new models with better value.


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One of the areas of human existence that all students have a responsibility to develop is that of physical and emotional well-being, including the development of skills and attitudes that maintain soundness of mind and body. The Department of Exercise and Sport Science provides an activity course program that has a twofold emphasis: (1) the teaching of total wellness concepts that include health-related fitness principles; and (2) the development of knowledge and skills in activities that can enhance personal fitness and lead to positive use of leisure time.
The purpose of the professional program offered by the Department of Exercise and Sport
Science is the preparation of students to assume positions as teachers, coaches, community and recreational leaders, fitness and health specialists, and sports administrators. Courses of study offered through the department include the major, minor, and teaching field in physical education as well as the minor in coaching. Additional coursework is available for students who are interested in becoming licensed athletic trainers. This plan requires courses from the Physical Education major and other specialized courses and experiences as specified by the Texas State Department of Health. Upon graduation, each student in the professional program must have sufficient skills to teach, perform, and assess a variety of physical and recreational pursuits; successfully complete a battery of personal fitness standards; participate each term in regular and varied physical activity; and successfully pass a knowledge-based exam covering all areas of the field. For more information, the student is directed to see the Dean of the School of Education.
The department of Exercise and Sports Science in under the leadership of Dr. Jim Todd, Dean of the School of Education. The School of Education offer programs in exercise and sport science, fitness management, all level physical education teaching certificate, and pre-license in athletic training. A minor is also available in coaching.


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Improving your credit score does require some patience and perseverance -- a significant increase can take 12 months or more, according to experts. But it's worth the effort. A jump of even 100 points can translate into thousands of dollars in interest saved on a loan or mortgage. If you applied for a 30-year mortgage loan for $200,000, for example, the difference between a FICO score of 650, which is considered good, and one of 750, which is great, could be nearly $34,000 in savings, thanks to the lower interest rate the higher score could get you. FICO scores can range up to 850, though one of 760 or more will often qualify you for the best rates. If your FICO falls short, try these 6 steps to get a stronger score.
Automate your bill payments.
Setting up automatic monthly payments can help ensure you won't miss or delay a payment, which can cost you -- both in additional interest you may owe and in credit score points. Even one 60-90 day late payment can hurt your score, says Jean Chatzky, a financial journalist and author of "Pay It Down!". If you know that you are going to be late because of an unusual circumstance, such as an unexpected illness or job loss, call your issuer and let them know in advance. They might even give you a grace period.
Keep your debt utilization ratio low.
Your debt utilization ratio is the amount of debt you have divided by the amount of available credit. So if you have two different credit cards, say, with a $5,000 limit (or $10,000 total) and you owe a combined $4,000 between the two, you are using 40 percent of your available credit. That's too high, says Bill Hardekopf, the CEO of LowCards.com, a credit card information website. "Your debt utilization ratio should be no higher than 30 percent," he says. "But lower is even better." (That applies to individual credit cards as well as your total debt to available credit ratio.)
Space out your credit applications.
Applying for several credit cards at the same time results in multiple credit inquiries in a short period and can raise a red flag among credit scoring companies, says Hardekopf. "Don't apply for ten cards, hoping that you will get one or two," he warns. "This will signal that you are in some type of financial difficulty." If you need additional credit, consider calling an existing card issuer first to see if you can increase your credit limit.
Keep reading for three more tips.


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Monitoring Needed For Existing Rentals
Fifty-one percent of housing units in Jamestown are rented, higher than at any point in the past 50 years-and up from 42 percent in 1960. But what does this mean? Is 51 percent too high? Or could it possibly be too low?
It could very well be the latter, due to the fact that households have changed dramatically over the past few decades, while our housing stock hasn't. In other words, more people would likely be renting today if the options were better.
And why is that? Primarily, it's the rise of the one-person household. In Jamestown, as in many urban areas in the U.S. and the developed world, the prevalence of households with a single occupant has risen sharply in just a few generations. Twenty percent of Jamestown's households had just one person in 1960. Today, it's 36 percent-a low figure compared to places such as Cleveland, Atlanta, Minneapolis and Seattle, where the rate is over 40 percent.
Households are generally smaller today for several reasons. Young people are putting off marriage until their late 20s or 30s, or later. Many seniors live alone because they never married, lost a spouse or are divorced. And many middle-aged adults live by themselves by choice, or due to a life transition.
If you add single-occupant households in Jamestown to those with two people, you get a combined 67 percent of the city's households. The days when large nuclear or extended families filled the city's homes-as they did for much of the early and middle 20th century-are clearly over.
And that has created a mismatch between the types of housing that many households would prefer, and the housing that's available. The thousands of homes built between 1900 and 1930 for growing families that leapt at the chance to leave outdated rentals in the city's industrial corridors for a new Bungalow or Dutch Colonial, are less appealing to a single person today. Although some younger people would like to own a home by themselves, and many seniors would love to stay in their home for the rest of their lives, the prospect of empty rooms and a yard to mow drives many to look to the rental market.
And for many would-be renters, the options are unappealing. Population loss, stagnant home values, and low rents have stunted the production (or retrofitting) of housing more in line with today's households, resulting in a rental stock that lacks the quality and amenities sought by middle and upper income renters. The popularity of new market-rate housing in downtown Jamestown, such as the Wellman Building, has shown a level of pent-up demand for modern rentals that few predicted for a city like Jamestown.
Other factors, too, drive the rise in renting, from high poverty rates that prevent aspiring homeowners from reaching their goal, to job insecurities that discourage the planting of long-term roots.
The bottom line is that renting makes sense for more households today than it did a few decades ago-and we can expect that trend to continue.
So, what can be done to address this disparity between our households and our housing stock?
First, we have to do a better job of monitoring the quality of our existing rentals. Less than an hour away, Erie, Pa., has been inspecting and licensing rental properties since 2007, and the results are promising: fewer fire deaths, fewer demolitions and fewer undercapitalized landlords willing to gamble with the city's housing. Monitoring of rental conditions is especially important in cases where single-family homes become rentals-the situation at more than 1,500 houses in Jamestown.
Removing the least desirable and least salvageable homes while reusing existing structures to create apartments that fit today's households-as we're witnessing downtown-is another promising approach. As poor-quality housing is removed, using the empty lots as side-yards or driveways for adjacent homes, or as gardens, can add to the functionality and value of the remaining stock.
We can also think more experimentally about our housing. Small houses are becoming popular as space-efficient options that allow privacy and pride of ownership, while removing some of the burdens of typical homeownership. Groupings of 600-square-foot houses in place of demolished homes or vacant lots would be an interesting way to contribute new density and vitality to areas near downtown, while providing an appealing ownership option to a single-person household.
The durability of our built environment makes this adjustment a difficult and gradual task. But the alternative-finding square pegs for round holes-isn't much of an option.
Renaissance Reflections is a biweekly feature with news from the front lines of Jamestown's revitalization.


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The FCC created the Low-Power Television (LPTV) service in 1982 to provide opportunities for locally-oriented television service in small communities. These communities may be in rural areas or individual communities within larger urban areas. LPTV service offers programming tailored to the interests of viewers in small localized areas in a less expensive and more flexible way than traditional full-service/power TV stations. It has created opportunities for new entry into television broadcasting, provided a means of local self-expression, and permitted fuller use of the broadcast spectrum. LPTV stations are currently undertaking their transition to digital operations.
LPTV Digital Transition
Although Congress established a hard deadline of June 12, 2009 for full-power TV stations to cease analog broadcasts and begin operating only in digital, the statutory deadline did not apply to low power television stations, TV translator and Class A television stations (referred to herein as "LPTV stations"). Therefore, while all full-power television stations have ceased over-the-air analog broadcasting, many LPTV stations are continuing to transmit analog signals.
The FCC established September 1, 2015 as the date for the termination of all analog low-power television service. Since that date, analog television should no longer exist in the United States. Until that time, LPTV stations were allowed to continue to operate their analog facilities.
LPTV stations had the opportunity to seek either an on-channel digital conversion of their existing analog facilities ("flash cut") or construct and operate a second digital companion channel during the remainder of the digital transition. However all LPTV stations were required to decide a single digital channel to continue to operate after the September 1, 2015 transition date.
LPTV Station Operation
LPTV stations are operated by diverse groups and organizations - high schools and colleges, churches and religious groups, local governments, large and small businesses and individual citizens. LPTV modes of operation and programming vary widely. These include satellite-delivered programming services, syndicated programs, movies and a wide range of locally-produced programs. LPTV stations sometimes tailor program segments or entire schedules to specific viewer groups (on the basis of age, language or particular interest).
On the technical side, LPTV stations transmit on one of the standard VHF (2-13) or UHF (14-51) television channels. The distance at which a station can be viewed depends on a variety of factors - antenna height, transmitter power, transmitting antenna and the nature of the environment (rural or urban, hilly or flat terrain). The FCC does not allocate channels for LPTV service. Applicants select channels and apply during a given time period.
Analog LPTV stations are limited to an effective radiated power of 3 kilowatts (VHF) and 150 kilowatts (UHF). Digital LPTV stations are limited to an effective radiated power of 3 kilowatts (VHF) and 15 kilowatts (UHF). There are no limits on transmitter output power and on antenna height, as long as the tower structure has been registered with the FCC.
Owning an LPTV Station
There is no limit on the number of LPTV stations that may be owned by any one entity. Current broadcast licensees, cable operators and newspapers may own LPTV stations.
Applying For an LPTV Station
New applications for digital LPTV and TV translator stations are only accepted during designated filing window periods. Applications for new analog stations are no longer accepted. The FCC announces these window periods at least 30 days before the opening of the window. The announcement provides details on how to file. Interested applicants should periodically check the FCC's Media Bureau website for window announcements.
Interference Requirements for LPTV Stations
LPTV stations have "secondary spectrum priority" to full-service stations. This means LPTV stations must not cause interference to the reception of existing or future full-service television stations, must accept interference from full-service stations, and must yield to new full-service stations where interference occurs. For more information regarding interference requirements, see Part 74 subpart G of the Commission's rules .
When there is interference between cable systems and LPTV stations, a "first in time, first in right" policy applies. Under this policy, the cable system or LPTV station that had initial use of the channel has first priority and is not responsible for correcting the interference.
Programming and Programming Content
LPTV stations are subject to a minimum of program-related regulations. There are no prescribed amounts of non-entertainment programming or local programming, and there are no limits on commercials, and no minimum hours of operation. However, the broadcast of obscene material is prohibited at all times, and the broadcast of indecent and profane material is prohibited between 6 A.M. and 10 P.M.
Ancillary and Supplementary Services
Licensed digital LPTV stations and permittees operating pursuant to Special Temporary Authority (STA) must submit an FCC Form 317 (www.fcc.gov/forms) - (Annual DTV Ancillary and Supplementary Services Report) by December 1st of each year. Stations must report whether they have provided ancillary and supplementary services at any time during the twelve-month period ending on the preceding September 30th. If they have, they are required to remit to the Commission an amount equal to 5% of the gross revenues derived from these services.
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Low Power Television (LPTV) Service Guide (pdf)
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Visit our Consumer Complaint Center at consumercomplaints.fcc.gov to file a complaint or tell us your story.
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Harry Potter & The Deathly Hallows Cast Attend NY Premiere
Emma Watson, Daniel Radcliff & Rupert Grint attended the New York Premiere of "Harry Potter & The Deathly Hallows" and shared face time with the other cast members that made the franchise one of the most successful movie series of all time.
It is hard to believe it is coming to an end and that they were able to keep almost all the cast in place for all the movies.
Daniel Radcliffe hinted to reports he may follow Watson's footsteps and seek education instead of movie roles and more stints on broadway.
What does Radcliffe want to study? READ REST OF ENTRY HERE>>


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Mixing up locks and keys isn�t a problem for Club member Harold Schlenker of Ashley, North Dakota. He color-codes mating keys and locks with paint. You can brush or spray the paint on, but be sure to apply an exterior finish if the locks are used outdoors.
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Jamestown Man Charged Following Cocaine Bust
A drug investigation resulted in one Jamestown resident being taken to the Chautauqua County Jail on Friday.
Raheem A. Butts, 21, of Jamestown, was charged with third-degree criminal possession of a controlled substance at 2 p.m.
Drug investigators from the Jamestown Police Department executed a search warrant at 31 Charles St. after an investigation into the illegal sales of crack cocaine revealed that the drug was being sold from the residence. Investigators located a quantity of cocaine and cash inside the apartment, and Butts was subsequently charged.
Butts was taken into custody and brough to the city jail where he was later arraigned and committed to the Chautauqua County Jail. Anyone who may have information on the illegal sales of narcotics is asked to contact the Jamestown Police Department's anonymous tip line at 483-8477. All calls will remain strictly confidential.


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Holy Week gives us an excellent opportunity to simply take time to look beyond ourselves. When I was little kid, lying in bed at night, I would sometimes become terrified and overwhelmed with the idea of death. I was so petrified of the notion that after death I would be snuffed out of existence for eternity. I'd turn on all the lights and desperately try to distract myself from my deepest thoughts. It didn't help much that the first dream I can remember as a kid was being chased by the devil with a pitchfork. It made me concerned about the destiny of my eternal state. Ultimately, the only thing that cured me from these panic attacks was the Gospel and resurrection of Jesus Christ. I had to look beyond myself.
With the suffering death and resurrection of Christ, no kind of death should trouble a person clinging to Christ. As the angels said, "Why do you seek the living One among the dead?" And as Athanasius declared in On the Incarnation, "A marvelous and mighty paradox has thus occurred, for the death which they thought to inflict on Him as dishonor and disgrace has become the glorious monument to death's defeat." Often we look upon the cross and see violence foremost. It is our sin that put Christ there. But Jesus bore the entire weight of the world and it could not contain him. He was beaten, mutilated, and scourged, but the Father glorified Him in death. Hillary of Poiters noted:
The sun, instead of setting, fled, and all the other elements felt that same shock of the death of Christ. The stars in their courses, to avoid complicity in the crime, escaped by self-extinction from beholding the scene. The earth trembled under the weight of our Lord hanging on the cross and testified that it did not have the power to hold within it him who was dying.


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I've seen other recipes that call for lemon juice instead of the vinegar. Technically Craig started it.. I just fed the beast.
I've been on the watch for other ingredients to pair with the ricotta.. prosciutto seems to be the most popular. A couple places here locally use meatballs (slice up). The first time I tried it the meatballs were very plain. the second time it was a popular local spot and it was the evening special... still not wicked good, but it was better. Any other ideas out there?


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Ginna Parsons 5/25/09
Photos by Thomas Wells
Jane Moore Pickett of Pontotoc likes to prepare old-fashioned Southern favorites, like steak and gravy, mashed potatoes, green beans and cornbread for her co-workers in the accounting department at North Mississippi Health Services in Tupelo.
Strawberry Supreme Cake
By Ginna Parsons
Daily Journal
TUPELO – Sometimes when Jane Moore Pickett is cooking, she can almost feel her late grandmother, Louise Sudduth, at her side, guiding her through a recipe. That may be because Pickett lives in her grandparents' homeplace in Pontotoc.
"When I started cooking, if I had questions, I called Granny," said Pickett, 49. "Her phone number was on my speed dial. And now, today, I'm still cooking on Granny's stove. There's certain things I do in Granny's kitchen just because it's Granny's kitchen."
Pickett may not cook as often as her grandmother or as elaborately, but friends and family do like to gather when she decides to put out a spread. Weekend before last, she prepared baked ham, baked Vidalia onions, potato salad, green beans and white chocolate bread pudding.
"I cook more on the weekends because during the week, we get home at 5 or 5:30 and I'm tired," she said. "If I do cook during the week, it's a one-pot casserole."
Pickett works in the accounting department at North Mississippi Health Services in Tupelo. She and her husband, Jim, have been married four years and he has three children. The couple share a Yorkshire terrier, Diesel.
Pickett made her cooking debut about 20 years ago, when she began catering parties.
"I couldn't cook real food, but I could make dips and punch and party foods," she said. "Granny taught me to make real food."
She also relied on cookbooks, especially the Bell's Best series. She also likes the cookbooks that Walmart periodically publishes.
"The shelves around the top of my kitchen are filled with cookbooks," she said. "But friends and family give me most of my recipes. I also like looking at them on the Internet. I just put in a search word and go from there."
Project Hope supporters
Pickett and her co-workers are very involved with Project Hope, an annual team-based fundraiser benefiting patients in Northeast Mississippi with heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Community groups, neighborhoods, churches, businesses and individuals come together to make up the teams.
"We did a cookbook as a fundraiser for Project Hope year before last," she said. "We all piddle with food up here. And sometimes, I'll make a cake and bring it up here and sell it for a dollar a slice to raise money for our team. We call ourselves Facts and Figures."
Do you know a good cook? Send your nominations to Ginna Parsons, Cook of the Week, P.O. Box 909, Tupelo, MS 38802. Or you can fax them to (662) 842-2233 or e-mail them to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Ginna Parsons


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Where can I buy great quality yancha for an affordable price, max 50$/100 grams. I would like to try some good quality, I prefer ordering the whole si da ming, 1 pack of da hong pao, shui jin gui, tie luo han, and bai ji guan or rou gui.
I have seen dragon teahouse selling high priced yancha, but I cannot afford that price range nor the prices at essence of tea, and I do not want to buy classic DHP from teaspring or jingteashop, or yunnansourcing, I want higher than basic quality, and from a trustworthy vendor.


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On The Record
Conewango Twp.
Retail theft. Conewango Township Police were dispatched to Walmart on Oct. 1 at 7:03 p.m. for a reported retail theft. According to police, loss prevention officers stated Heather Caylor of Jamestown, N.Y., obtained a sweatshirt valued at $10.88 without paying full retail value to Walmart. Police said Caylor has been charged with one count summary retail theft. A non-traffic citation has been filed with District Justice Laura Bauer.
Freehold Twp.
Crash. Warren-based state police said on Oct 2, Mickelle Hicks, 30, Bear Lake, was traveling north on Sherman Hill Road, failed to negotiate a left turn, partially left the roadway and struck a tree on the east side of the roadway. Hicks then traveled across the roadway and struck an embankment with the front end, causing her vehicle to roll over onto its driver's side. Hicks was charged with careless driving, according to police.
Glade Twp.
Crash. Warren-based state police report on Oct. 5 at 2:30 p.m., an unknown driver backed his or her vehicle into a parked car in the Glade VFD Station 2 parking lot, before fleeing in an unknown direction.
Pine Grove Twp.
Criminal mischief. Warren-based state police report on Oct. 4 between 4:20 and 5:15 p.m. someone damaged a Warren man's vehicle that had become disabled along Big Four Road, 1.4 miles north of Conewango Avenue. According to police, numerous quarter-panels had been kicked in, the roof was jumped on, a permanent marker was used to write on the vehicle, the driver's side front window was smashed with a piece of concrete and objects were placed in the exhaust pipe. Anyone with information is asked to contact Warren based-state police or Warren County Crimestoppers.
Pittsfield Twp.
DUI. Warren-based state police said on Oct 2, Kyle Salva, 34, Youngsville, was traveling south on Cole Hill Road in his 1997 Toyota and drove off the east side of the roadway entering a ditch and striking an embankment with the right front corner of his vehicle. Police said Salva traveled along the ditch in a southern direction for approximately 50 feet, coming to a stop on its side facing south. Police said suspected drug paraphernalia was seized from Salva.
Pleasant Twp.
Criminal mischief. Warren-based state police report on Sept. 22 between 2:30 and 3 a.m., a group of unknown males ran over the traffic sign and stop sign at the intersection of Pleasant Drive and Fladry Lane. The males were in a light colored truck, described as a possible flatbed. Police said a darker colored pick-up truck with a loud exhaust system was also seen leaving the scene. Anyone with information is asked to contact the state police or Warren County Crime Stoppers.
Spring Creek Twp.
Marijuana eradication. Warren-based state police said they received a report at 12:30 p.m. on Oct. 4 of marijuana plants growing near Old Route 77 in Spring Creek. Police said twenty-two marijuana plants were eradicated.
Warren County
Probation violation. On Oct. 4, officers of the Warren County Adult Probation Department with the assistance from the Warren County Sheriff's Department arrested Seneca Booth, 25, of Clymer, N.Y., on charges of violation of probation. Booth, who was originally placed on probation for retail theft, was taken into custody by probation officers on a supervisor's warrant and committed to the Warren County Jail pending further court action.
Probation violation. On Oct. 5, officers of the Warren County Adult Probation Department with the assistance State Parole Agents, arrested Chantilly Thomas, 31, Sheffield, on charges of violation of probation. Thomas, who was originally placed on probation for forgery, was taken into custody by probation officers on a supervisor's warrant and committed to the Warren County Jail pending further court action.


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Found this story.....
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Tea-off-I ... et=&ccode=
Proinsias wrote:It's all a bit complicated but I'm not really sure a few hot summers or cold winters in a particular area has much bearing on the overall picture, outwith the old butterfly effect.
If there are significant climate changes then it seems likely the tea plant will find some new homes and lose some old ones.
fracol wrote:Personally I think the whole global warming thing is way overdone. I understand minor temperature changes they have been happening for millions of years, but after experiencing the consecutive three coldest florida winters of my life (including this one) I have my doubts.
I don't know whats going on in India, but what can I say? a few unlucky years? again farmers have been going through that forever.
fracol wrote:I keep getting burned on this post so i'm done commenting


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Let's drink TEA all day Tuesday!!!
Welcome, TeaChatters to TeaDay. Remember to stop by throughout your busy day, sip a cup of TEA with your fellow TeaChatters, share what you are drinking, see what other TeaChatters are sipping...and answer the Poll.
Today's TeaPoll is contributed by Wesli. Thanx, Wesli!!!
He wonders how many TeaPots you truly own. So, come out of the closet and share what is in your TeaCabinet with everyone...you will feel better. Please feel free to elaborate about your TeaPot "collection."
And as always, have a great TeaDay everyone!!!


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Portable Business Sign with Flashing Arrow - 40" x 96"
by Outdoor Signs America | Item #: 731608 | Model #: 10011 |
Price includes shipping
- $ 598 00 598.00
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About this item
This 40" x 8' (40" x 96") outdoor flashing arrow business sign with portable stand comes with a 150 count box of 8" sign letters. The new polycarbonate faces are warranted 10 years against yellowing. Use this double sided outdoor lighted sign to advertise your business.
Please note: All parts arrive packaged inside the sign casing.
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Item#: 97428 (Letters & Numbers)
Item#: 97435 (Spanish Characters)
- 40" x 96" double sided lighted flashing arrow business sign with portable stand
- Features white polycarbonate sign faces that are 8x stronger than acrylic with a 10 year warranty against yellowing
- Each face has four lines of changeable letter track
- The business sign comes with a 150 count box of 8" letters (buy additional letters online if needed)
- The sign is illuminated and has a money saving electronic ballast
- Includes (2) 8' high output fluorescent light bulbs
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- UL listed for your safety
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Gloversville drug bust nets over 400 baggies of heroin
Tonko: Bridge project waiting for final state approval
AMSTERDAM-U.S. Rep. Paul Tonko, D-Amsterdam, said Wednesday the construction of a proposed pedestrian bridge is expected to go forward sometime this year.
Tonko said contract approvals for the project have gone over to the state Comptroller's Office, and a design has been chosen for the bridge.
"It is starting this year," Tonko said.
The final design and bids have been established, according to Tonko.
Tonko said the current bridge design is based off Native American culture, in a S-shape with no harsh angles of more than 90 degrees. It will have lookouts and will connect into the general proximity of where Main Street and Market Street intersect and where the Bridge Street bridge used to be.
Tonko said once approval is secured contractors can move forward with the project as soon as the weather is warm enough this season.
The bridge is part of the city's waterfront revitalization project, which includes the repairs to Riverlink Park and will continue with an elevated walkway to downtown and the Guy Park Trail.
The funding for the project, $16.5 million, is part of $50 million set aside in the 2005 Transportation Bond Act for canal-related projects.
The construction of the project is roughly $12 million, according to Tonko.
Construction of the bridge is expected to be completed by June 2015.
In 2005, New York state voters approved the Rebuild and Renew Transportation Bond Act, which allocated funds specifically for the Amsterdam Pedestrian Bridge.
Other agencies involved in the planning and permitting of the project include: the U.S. Coast Guard; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; the state Department of Environmental Conservation; the state Department of Transportation; the state Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation; and the city.


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[Return to Directory Listing]
Assistant Professor - Health Sciences
Phone: (239) 590-7512
E-Mail: email@example.com: Marieb Hall 419
Dr. Reuter received his medical degree as well as his research doctorate from Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz/Germany. He worked as an orthopedic surgeon in England before switching this main focus to compiling medical and scientific dictionaries and databases for print and digital publications. In 1998 Dr. Reuter moved to Florida and founded Reuter Medical, Inc., a reference publishing company. He has published or contributed to more than 100 dictionaries in six languages and 19 countries.After teaching anatomy & physiology as adjunct professor at two colleges Dr. Reuter is now an assistant professor at the College of Health Professions at FGCU. He is the lecturer for both A & P I and II, as well as the course coordinator for all lab sessions.Dr. Reuter is the proud father of three wonderful daughters. When he's not teaching, reading or writing he enjoys scuba diving, cycling, tennis, martial arts, FGCU athletics (GO EAGLES!), American football, chocolate, fresh crispy bread and German beer.
Florida Gulf Coast University
10501 FGCU Blvd, South
Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565
(239) 590-1000 or (800) 590-3428


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by Anton Shilov
On the 1st of May, 1969, seven ex-Fairchild employees, including Jerry Sanders, Ed Turney, John Carey, Sven Simonsen, Jack Gifford, Frank Botte, Jim Giles and Larry Stenger founded Advanced Micro Devices. Initially a manufacturer of random access memory, simplistic logic chips and clones of Intel Corp.'s microprocessors, AMD is now the company that ships innovative central processing units, core-logic sets and graphics processors.
AMD started with basic logic chips as well as RAM, but in 1982 International Business Machines demanded ensure second source for x86 processors developed by Intel and the chip designer signed an agreement that allowed AMD to produce clones of Intel's processors. As time went by, more manufacturers entered the market of x86 microprocessors and all of them, including AMD and Intel, competed fiercely against each other. Since AMD did not only produce clones of Intel's chips, but improved them, at some point it became a strong competitor for Intel and the latter refused to provide its smaller rival designs of its processors, opening the door to a new era for AMD.
In March, 1996, AMD introduced its first in-house designed x86 microprocessor named K5. But although the chip named after Kryptonite (the only substance that could kill Superman from the series of motion pictures), it was not commercially successful. Its descendants, the K6 family of microprocessors, offered much higher performance and competed much more successfully against Intel. However, the real success of AMD was the introduction of AMD Athlon central processing units in 1999, which development was led by Derrick Meyer – chief executive officer of AMD today. The Athlon, which turns 10 in August '09, did not only outperform chips from Intel, but, most importantly, demonstrated AMD's actual ability to compete against the world's largest chipmaker.
With the introduction of x86 64-bit extensions as well as AMD Opteron/Athlon 64 processors for servers in 2003, Advanced Micro Devices entered the market of enterprise computers as well as – for the first time – became de facto technology leader: Intel only followed AMD with x86-64 extensions in 2005.
The multi-core era that started in 2005 also allowed AMD to demonstrate its expertise in chip design: AMD's dual-core chips quickly became very popular and quad-core processors, although hit by massive delays, became the world's first monolithic quad-core chips. Thanks to improved execution, AMD is showing off its twelve-core chips now and is likely to be the first company to introduce twelve-core processors in 2010, something that further shows transformations of AMD.
Further converting itself into a supplier of various computing solutions, in 2006 AMD acquired ATI Technologies with an aim to converge central processing units with graphics processing units. Eventually, however, the acquisition forced AMD to spin-off its manufacturing facilities into Globalfoundries joint-venture.
Quite a lot has happened with AMD in its first 40 years, but there is a lot of work to do in its next 40 years as the world and technology continue their transformation.


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (835 votes).
In short: Good course and great atmosphere. The sea breeze will push you along for the last two miles (very helpful)Date of review: October 7, 2007
In short: Hard going with the rain, but great race! Supporters were great!Date of review: April 23, 2007
In short: amazing experience!!! Got absolutely soaking wet.... But enjoy every minutes of it... cannot wait for the next oneDate of review: March 25, 2007
In short: wet, wet ,wet greatIn full: my first ten mile run but enjoyed every minute even in the rain.Great atmosphere cant wait for the next one.Date of review: March 5, 2007
In short: Aside from the appaling weather, this was a very enjoyable race. My first 10 mile but ran faster than I'd hoped. Fantastic atmosphere.Date of review: February 20, 2007
In short: Is there that much rain in the sky? Excellent race in terrible conditions.In full: As always a fun race with excellent mix of skill levels. Nice and flat so you cn test your speed for the next year. Did race with my sister as her first 10 miler. I was well proud!Date of review: December 18, 2006
In short: Second time and the last two miles were.....Interesting, Ice cold sea water blasting in your earDate of review: December 4, 2006
In short: Excellent for a first time race, but please no mud next year!In full: Excellent organisation, great day out, nice scenery along seafront and through dockyard. Plenty of club runners, fun runners, charity runners etc.Please don't divert us onto the mud after the finish next year though!Date of review: November 20, 2006
In short: Brill as usualIn full: This was my first race 4 years ago, I've about 40 races now, so yes it does convert non runnersDate of review: November 20, 2006
In short: my first race and i will definately do it next yearDate of review: November 10, 2006
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Saturday, August 1, 2009
Thank Congress
A recent article in AM (See Congress: Enough is Enough, July 2009) details a clash between the U.S. and the European Union over the pending FAA Reauthorization Bill. Among other issues, one sticking point appears to be the provision in the reauthorization bill to require drug and alcohol testing at foreign FAA-certificated repair facilities.
According to Sarah MacLeod, executive director of the Aeronautical Repair Station Association (ARSA), "It is an issue of sovereignty. If passed, the legislation could force foreign repair stations to surrender their certificate(s) because their country does not allow its citizens to be randomly tested for drug and alcohol use. If the U.S. air carriers cannot obtain maintenance services from certified parties, they would have to fly mechanics on every flight to ensure routine maintenance during overseas (service)."
I truly admire Sarah MacLeod in her almost single-handed efforts to build ARSA from the ground up. Her efforts are truly inspirational and serve as a shining beacon for all in aviation.
That being said, however, I disagree with her analysis that every U.S. airline will have to routinely carry mechanics on board foreign-bound flights. In the recent past, international airlines have all had their own employees acting as maintenance representatives at foreign destinations. I have known many of these individuals, all of whom were at the top of their game and were experts on their aircraft.
The drug and alcohol testing requirements of the FARs make provision for foreign-based employees. Routine inspections were almost invariably accomplished at a home facility, not overseas. This is, therefore, a non-issue.
As for foreign maintenance facilities returning their FAA certificates as a result of this reauthorization, forgive my crocodile tears. Having U.S. air carrier heavy maintenance actually performed in the states? Imagine having A&P mechanics with steady work and a living income! What a horrifying prospect! In the recent past, FAA, pushed by its parent Department of Transportation, at the intense urging of the Department of State, has acted with complete indifference to the plight of our domestic aviation maintenance industry and enacted blatantly inequitable bilateral agreements wherein the State Department wins and we lose. It's high time that Congress redressed the situation.
I've railed in the past about the unfair advantages enjoyed by foreign facilities with FAA Certified Repair Station (CRS) status. Substandard facilities are not the issue. Training of personnel, adequate quality assurance and wage scales are much more of a concern and these are precisely what drives U.S. air carriers to foreign shores. Today, the bottom line is the bottom line. It's the bean counters who decide where an aircraft goes for heavy maintenance and to them, safety is the number two consideration.
More important to me is the fact that Congress has carried forward on the bi-annual FAA inspection of foreign FAA repair stations. This provision will have a positive effect on air carrier safety. The lack of this inspection requirement is a clear danger for aviation safety that should never have been let slide in the first place.
U.S. air carriers are still opposed for the most part to the provisions of this bill. They say that having their heavy maintenance performed in-country will make them uncompetitive. This begs the question of with whom? Foreign airlines don't compete with them domestically. They'll have a completely level playing field here.
Internationally, there is a clear preference among the travelling public to fly on U.S. carriers. Perhaps if they'd compete on the service level, they'd find their load factors would be comparable, even if their fares were slightly higher. Free booze in coach? No thanks, we'd rather skimp on our maintenance.
I'm convinced that it is letters and e-mails to Congress that caused both of the above provisions to remain in the FAA reauthorization bill to this point. I asked before for readers to contact their senators and representatives regarding their votes, and now ask you to contact them and thank them for supporting the American aviation maintenance industry. Let them know that you support their efforts. They already know the power of voters and their friends. Letter-writers carry a lot of weight in Washington, DC. There's a congressional truism that one constituent letter is worth 500 votes. Even if you don't believe it, they do.
If Congress caves in to the ATA and EU, we can expect to see many more job losses in the aviation maintenance ranks, as we see the level playing field further tilt to the offshore position.
Please, even if you've sent a message before on the same subject, go to www.congress.org, find the email addresses of local senators and congressional representatives, then send each of them a message of support for the FAA Reauthorization Act as presently written.


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Today, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton released a statement on the human rights situation in Iran. The Secretary said:
"The United States remains deeply concerned by the persecution of Iranian citizens at the hand of their government. Over the past ten days, we have witnessed the bravery of thousands of Iranians who once again took to the streets to exercise their fundamental rights to peaceful assembly and expression. It has been made clear to the world that Iran denies its citizens the same fundamental rights it continues to applaud elsewhere in the Middle East.
"Security forces have beaten, detained, and -- in at least three cases -- killed peaceful protesters. Off the streets, the regime's leaders have targeted human rights defenders and political activists, and authorities have recently rounded-up ex-government officials and their families; former members of parliament; clerics and their children; student leaders and their professors; as well as journalists and bloggers. They also continue to deny their citizens access to information by jamming satellite transmissions and blocking internet sites.
"Iran's leaders also continue to persecute ethnic and religious minorities. We are troubled by reports that, of the dozens of prisoners executed in 2011, most are ethnic minorities. At the same time, Baha'is and other religious minorities continue to be subjected to arbitrary arrests and prosecutions, harsh sentences, and unsafe prison conditions. We call on Iran to free all political prisoners and persecuted minorities.
"The steady deterioration in human rights conditions in Iran has obliged the international community to speak out time and again. Today, the United States sanctions two Iranian officials -- in addition to the eight sanctioned by the President last fall -- for perpetrating these abuses. The world will continue to watch and will hold accountable those responsible for these actions. The United States joins the international community in affirming the universal rights to which all men and women -- in Iran and around the world -- are entitled."Related Content:Departments of the Treasury and State Announce Designations for Human Rights Abuses in Iran
Jet in the U.S.A. writes:
Would love to see Iran get a democracy but I don't think Mousavi is the answer. They are now trying to bait Isreal Thinking trouble with Isreal would unite their people
Palgye in South Korea writes:
Libya's army, where are they? Unlike in Egypt, protests may be conducted in a completely different direction, worried about the stupid ..
The meeting of Iran and North Korea, personally, think a little comic to perceive. You like me and ten million people by the efforts of supporters of Iran's problems, unlike expected, are easily solved, the effort is successful, a little thought. Iran's unilateral approach the United States forces to deter North Korea (in China) to participate in trying to achieve balance, which is a joke, rather than the expected risk. Just that. However, Libya, the most unfortunate part, to Libya in the past when Koreans arrested on suspicion of espionage, politicians in South Korea, Sang-Duk, Lee-"www.sdlee.com"-president of the type is.
(Singapore, Libya .....)
Many tried, without significant performance ended, then I was in Pohang, South Korea and politicians abandon their supporters I've been harassing me a lot, my decision to include talks with Gadhafi, the United States hoped desperately to think. Was a good opportunity, Iran, and raised the possibility that similar results can be desired for.
Are you now trying to focus attention, is not easy ... 50% I still think there is a risk factor. Demonstrators supporting the troops, nor completely, internally force Gadhafi to be divided into the forces and demonstrators supporting the effort to eliminate the danger of the possibility for hope, to satisfy the two groups who are likely to want to know.
PS No money, living in Pohang, which keeps teasing, in exchange for labor did not pay too well, mad I can not stand. When access to Libya, no comment.
Owais T. in Germany writes:
This is the full right of the people of Iran to claim for democracy and freedom like other nations of the world... please and please everybody lets stand beside of the Iranians to give them their rights and fight against the terrorist regime of Iran which is making to suffer all Iranians and the neighbors of Iran and the region and the world...
This is a good opportunity to use this time and help the people of Iran internationally to stand against their polluted regime of Islamic Fundamentalists. they have suffered more than enough. this regime is slaughtering the people in mass killings like sheep...
Once i was in Iran in the year 2005 and i was setting in a waiting room to visit the doctor in the clinic, and there was setting a meddle aged lady next to me and after that she found that i am from Afghanistan she started pleading me to give her message to the American soldiers wen i go back home in that side of the border, she was saying that: dear Americans we are waiting for you to welcome in our country to give us rid of this regime and bring us freedom which we are loving so much, we hate this regime and Islamic Fundamentalists please and please come on we are waiting for you and we will be with you just help us for god sake....
America the people are counting on you and im sure that you are not gonna make them disappointed. you are a very powerful country which is claiming to fight for the humanity and give all the people in this world their rights so this is it please stand for it.
The destruction of the Iranian regime will bring peace in the region Iraq and Afghanistan and the war will be in your side, because you know that this is Iran and Pakistan who are funding for the terrorists in the area...
Sanam in the U.S.A. writes:
This is so encouraging for so many Iranians inside and so many political refugees. Please stop negotiating with these people. The path to a nuclear free Iran is through a democratic Iran. If you take care of the big problem....the people will take care of the nuclear problem.
And talk to everyone in the opposition--not just your favorites. Why is it that some opposition leaders have never darkened the door of the State Department -- again making up your mind (like you did with Khomenii) without talking to everyone.
Thank you again. We are grateful.
Saeed N. in the U.S.A. writes:
The only solution is to put stop to in flow of Oil $s to Mullahs of Iran. If United States could provide China W/alternate source of Oil other than Iran! Mullahs posses enough Cash to fund their agenda and our Words means nothing to them!Stop the $ and they will listen.
Nancy I. in Iran writes:
It is not fair that the Free world can do things as simple as walking the streets hand in hand with their loved ones whilst in Iran you will get arrested, tortured and raped for such simple acts!
They are now arresting women if not dressed what they call the proper way, beating them once again and get raped for it! When is this going to STOP!! I rally appreciated if you pay attention and care about basic human rights in Iran. We are not free and they treat us like salves. No body is happy in Iran except who are feed financially by this brutal regime.
Stephen H. in Washington writes:
The Genocidal purges of the Islamic Republic of Iran, where tens of thousands of Iranians have been butchered, continuously since the IRI's beginning in 1979. The IRI ,one the most heinous systems of judicial government, where women are raped before execution, where women are stoned, where women are whipped. Where unabated and unrestrained religious totalitarianism, where the people's right to vote is subjugated under executions and fraudulent elections. The IRI, this leading sponsor of International Terrorism, they are the birth place and pandemic center of the Islamic belief in suicidal bombing. The IRI which has caused a tidal wave of death and destruction, for decades . Where has the U.S. Department of State / Washington been on these matters?
Stephen E H. , author of Tehran's Wars of Terror and its Nuclear Delivery Capability, Trafford Publishing 2007
Alex in California writes:
The Human Rights in IRAN has not deteriorated - you don't know what the conditions are like until you see the photos I have seen today. Two men brutally raped, beaten and sexually mutilated!!!! both soaked in blood and still alive. You want to know what violation is until you see raw footage of recent events in Iran. My people under tyranny of Evil


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Blonde Overlapping Marcelled Layers
Blonde hair is sectioned across the crown, from ear to ear. Each section is flattened and then marcelled, with the very first one hanging a bit out on the forehead. Succeeding sections overlap the previous ones, until a cloche is built high on the head, with the ends trailing off down one shoulder. The blonde color is perfect for showing off the structured waves and the sheet-like appearance of the overlapping layers.
Steven Carey at Team Hair: Steven Carey, Mayfair London Make-up: Keith Way Clothes stylist: Bernard Connolly Photographer: Stellanour Electrical products: FHI Heat Styling Appliances