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Skip to comments.Antifederalist #3: NEW CONSTITUTION CREATES A NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
Posted on 11/10/2009 6:31:58 AM PST by Huck
There are but two modes by which men are connected in society, the one which operates on individuals, this always has been, and ought still to be called, national government; the other which binds States and governments together (not corporations, for there is no considerable nation on earth, despotic, monarchical, or republican, that does not contain many subordinate corporations with various constitutions) this last has heretofore been denominated a league or confederacy.
The term federalists is therefore improperly applied to themselves, by the friends and supporters of the proposed constitution. This abuse of language does not help the cause; every degree of imposition serves only to irritate, but can never convince. They are national men, and their opponents, or at least a great majority of them, are federal, in the only true and strict sense of the word.
Whether any form of national government is preferable for the Americans, to a league or confederacy, is a previous question we must first make up our minds upon....
That a national government will add to the dignity and increase the splendor of the United States abroad, can admit of no doubt: it is essentially requisite for both. That it will render government, and officers of government, more dignified at home is equally certain. That these objects are more suited to the manners, if not [the] genius and disposition of our people is, I fear, also true. That it is requisite in order to keep us at peace among ourselves, is doubtful. That it is necessary, to prevent foreigners from dividing us, or interfering in our government, I deny positively; and, after all, I have strong doubts whether all its advantages are not more specious than solid.
We are vain, like other nations. We wish to make a noise in the world; and feel hurt that Europeans are not so attentive to America in peace, as they were to America in war. We are also, no doubt, desirous of cutting a figure in history. Should we not reflect, that quiet is happiness? That content and pomp are incompatible? I have either read or heard this truth, which the Americans should never forget: That the silence of historians is the surest record of the happiness of a people.
The Swiss have been four hundred years the envy of mankind, and there is yet scarcely an history of their nation. What is history, but a disgusting and painful detail of the butcheries of conquerors, and the woeful calamities of the conquered? Many of us are proud, and are frequently disappointed that office confers neither respect or difference. No man of merit can ever be disgraced by office. A rogue in office may be feared in some governments-he will be respected in none. After all, what we call respect and difference only arise from contrast of situation, as most of our ideas come by comparison and relation.
Where the people are free there can be no great contrast or distinction among honest citizens in or out of office. In proportion as the people lose their freedom, every gradation of distinction, between the Governors and governed obtains, until the former become masters, and the latter become slaves. In all governments virtue will command reverence. The divine Cato knew every Roman citizen by name, and never assumed any preeminence; yet Cato found, and his memory will find, respect and reverence in the bosoms of mankind, until this world returns into that nothing, from whence Omnipotence called it.
That the people are not at present disposed for, and are actually incapable of, governments of simplicity and equal rights, I can no longer doubt. But whose fault is it? We make them bad, by bad governments, and then abuse and despise them for being so. Our people are capable of being made anything that human nature was or is capable of, if we would only have a little patience and give them good and wholesome institutions; but I see none such and very little prospect of such. Alas! I see nothing in my fellow-citizens, that will permit my still fostering the delusion, that they are now capable of sustaining the weight of SELF-GOVERNMENT: a burden to which Greek and Roman shoulders proved unequal.
The honor of supporting the dignity of the human character, seems reserved to the hardy Helvetians alone. If the body of the people will not govern themselves, and govern themselves well too, the consequence is unavoidable-a FEW will, and must govern them. Then it is that government becomes truly a government by force only, where men relinquish part of their natural rights to secure the rest, instead of an union of will and force, to protect all their natural rights, which ought to be the foundation of every rightful social compact.
Whether national government will be productive of internal peace, is too uncertain to admit of decided opinion. I only hazard a conjecture when I say, that our state disputes, in a confederacy, would be disputes of levity and passion, which would subside before injury. The people being free, government having no right to them, but they to government, they would separate and divide as interest or inclination prompted-as they do at this day, and always have done, in Switzerland. In a national government, unless cautiously and fortunately administered, the disputes will be the deep-rooted differences of interest, where part of the empire must be injured by the operation of general law; and then should the sword of government be once drawn (which Heaven avert) I fear it will not be sheathed, until we have waded through that series of desolation, which France, Spain, and the other great kingdoms of the world have suffered, in order to bring so many separate States into uniformity, of government and law; in which event the legislative power can only be entrusted to one man (as it is with them) who can have no local attachments, partial interests, or private views to gratify.
That a national government will prevent the influence or danger of foreign intrigue, or secure us from invasion, is in my judgment directly the reverse of the truth. The only foreign, or at least evil foreign influence, must be obtained through corruption. Where the government is lodged in the body of the people, as in Switzerland, they can never be corrupted; for no prince, or people, can have resources enough to corrupt the majority of a nation; and if they could, the play is not worth the candle. The facility of corruption is increased in proportion as power tends by representation or delegation, to a concentration in the hands of a few. . . .
As to any nation attacking a number of confederated independent republics ... it is not to be expected, more especially as the wealth of the empire is there universally diffused, and will not be collected into any one overgrown, luxurious and effeminate capital to become a lure to the enterprizing ambitious. That extensive empire is a misfortune to be deprecated, will not now be disputed. The balance of power has long engaged the attention of all the European world, in order to avoid the horrid evils of a general government. The same government pervading a vast extent of territory, terrifies the minds of individuals into meanness and submission. All human authority, however organized, must have confined limits, or insolence and oppression will prove the offspring of its grandeur, and the difficulty or rather impossibility of escape prevents resistance. Gibbon relates that some Roman Knights who had offended government in Rome were taken up in Asia, in a very few days after. It was the extensive territory of the Roman republic that produced a Sylla, a Marius, a Caligula, a Nero, and an Elagabalus. In small independent States contiguous to each other, the people run away and leave despotism to reek its vengeance on itself; and thus it is that moderation becomes with them, the law of self-preservation. These and such reasons founded on the eternal and immutable nature of things have long caused and will continue to cause much difference of sentiment throughout our wide extensive territories. From our divided and dispersed situation, and from the natural moderation of the American character, it has hitherto proved a warfare of argument and reason.
The Federalists were actually Nationalists. They created the consolidated government that oppresses us. They were not asked to do so. They were merely supposed to make a few small changes to the confederacy. They went way beyond that simple task, and created a national leviathan. Their attempts at "checks and balances" and delegation of power have been proven to be laughably impotent in the face of the national monster they created. Their contrived limits on national power are like the chains that were supposed to keep Frankenstein bound to the operating table.
The main point of this essay is simply to show that a) the "federalists" were in fact nationalists, b) national governments are more dangerous than confederations, c) we did not require a national, consolidated government.
Step outside the box, and imagine if we'd NEVER created the national government.
I have to agree. The Anti-Federalists predictions have proven correct, with a level of accurate prognostication that is truly scary. It took less than a century (the Constitution actually died during the Civil War—what has passed as "constitutional government" since then have just been the twitches of the tail of a dying snake). We're just about done. Very shortly, we will enter into a level of government scrutiny and control of our actions that make "1984" and "Big Brother" look like a libertarian fantasy.
Good point, really.
While I hadn't before considered that the constitution itself might be the problem, I agree with your assesment of our current status.
Hence my screen name.
What really opened my eyes to our plight several years ago was the realization that most "conservatives" are little more than "liberal-light". I guess W has a lot to do with that.
I would argue the opposite--the Civil War was the natural result of the Constitution:
"We are cautioned . . . against faction and turbulence. I acknowledge that licentiousness is dangerous, and that it ought to be provided against. I acknowledge, also, the new form of government may effectually prevent it. Yet there is another thing it will as effectually do- -it will oppress and ruin the people." - Patrick Henry
" In the most limited governments, what wranglings, animosities, factions, partiality, and all other evils that tend to embroil a nation and weaken a state, are constantly practised by legislators. What then may we expect if the new constitution be adopted as it now stands? The great will struggle for power, honor and wealth; the poor become a prey to avarice, insolence and oppression. And while some are studying to supplant their neighbors, and others striving to keep their stations, one villain will wink at the oppression of another, the people be fleeced, and the public business neglected. From despotism and tyranny good Lord deliver us." -Philanthropos (Antifederalist Paper #7)
The Constitution created the national government that waged the Civil War. Before the Constitution, were were a confederation of independent states. After the Constitution, we were a consolidated republic with supreme power OVER the states. The Constitution didn't die in the Civil War. It brought about the Civil War. Like most big government boondoggles, the Constitution brought on the very thing it was supposed to prevent.
In reality, those "conservatives" are more sensible and realistic than the ones clamoring for "limited government", appealing to limits supposedly found in the Constitution. The truth is all questions are merely political, and virtually anything is fair game for national power. Neither side can or will do anything to stop it or change it. Just look at 100 years of commerce clause jurisprudence, for example. Interstate commerce doesn't have to interstate, or commerce. Even Scalia agrees with that notion.
There are very few if any true limits on national power. It's too late to do anything about it either. The only thing to do now is to battle it out constantly on the political field. So you get a "conservative" party. It's like England, with the tories and the labor party. Same deal. All battles are political battles. The Supreme Court is a political organ. Everything is political. The Constitution gives broad, virtually unlimited power to DC, and the parties rule all. Their tenticles extend into every state government. It's a big consolidated mess.
After reading the Federalist papers, I had to admit that I was Anti-Federalist. I agreed with the arguments that we were creating the foundations for what is happening in Congress today.
"In reality, those "conservatives" are more sensible and realistic than the ones clamoring for "limited government".."
Ahhh.. Therein lies the rub. "realistic" = pragmatic = slippery slope = "how we got here".
I've just started my reading on my quest to determine why these men who professed such a love of liberty would come up with something so (IMO) vile.
I suspect I'll find it was pretty much all about the war. A combination of lack of trust amongst the states, no clear determination of who was supposed to be paying for the war, and the demand by the French that the States show strong unity before any aid would be rendered.
I think it's going to be very difficult for me to determine which side I would have been on at the time. Today I'm an AF, but 230 years ago I might have been a reluctant Federalist.
Sometimes I think laws need expiration dates. Then again, it's scary to think that if the Constitution was to expire at just the right time we might end up with something much worse.
I'm just saying it makes no more sense clamoring for "constitutionally limited government" than it does to clamor for unicorns and chocalate rivers. The Constitution provides the national government with virtually boundless power.
"We are vain, like other nations. We wish to make a noise in the world; and feel hurt that Europeans are not so attentive to America in peace, as they were to America in war. We are also, no doubt, desirous of cutting a figure in history"
The Federalist papers are almost comical. Conservative commentators constantly laud them, but they are monuments to bad judgement and error.
I've noticed that conservative commentators laud the federalist papers too. I wonder why this is. Any ideas?
I look at it differently. You ever listen to Rush Limbaugh? He often talks about how government programs get judged not on the results, but on the good intentions. They never get deemed a failure based on results. Well, then, what about the Constitution? It was a big government program--creating a consolidated national government to replace the confederation of states. How has it done in practice, nevermind intentions? It's been a failure.
Was Madison correct that the national gubmint's powers would be "few and defined", or were the antifeds correct that the national government would use the courts and various clauses of the Constitution to weild virtually unlimited power?
I think it's a pretty radical notion to say the Constitution was a mistake. I don't think conservative talkers would have much of an audience with that tack. In short, I think they keep it easily digestible, and carry water for the GOP.
Actually, I think we're both right. From 1789 until the Civil War, we were still a "grouping" (by whatever name applies) of sovereign states, operating under the Constitution. The Civil War destroyed that point of view (illegally, in my view). On the moral question of slavery, the South was wrong. On the political question of secession and state sovereignty, the South was right.
As soon as the Constitution was ratified, the states were no longer sovereign. It took a while for it to become obvious, and for all the various supreme court cases interpreting the constitution to pile up, but it was a fait accompli. The Constitution killed state sovereignty.
Still can't agree. State sovereignty is plainly stated in the Bill of Rights. I agree that the Supreme Court didn't help matters, by ignoring the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, but the outcome was far from inevitable. It took an illegal war to accomplish.
The 9th amendment has nothing to do with state sovereignty. The 10th amendment is the one in question:
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
The key phrase is "powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution." Who decides what that means? The Supreme Court. The federal beast decides for itself. And as we know, the "general welfare" clause, the implied powers of the necessary and proper clause, the various and ever growing "commerce clause" power give the fedzilla almost unlimited scope. And all that was teed up and in place at ratification.
Try antifederalist 46.
So they weren't deeply involved in questions of liberty and good government. Far from it. They were simply a regional interest run amok. They added to the list of things about which James Madison was wrong. He had predicted that the new government would stifle factional rivalries. That was one of the reasons we supposedly needed a new constitution: the confederacy was at risk of intrastate war, they warned. And yet the national government created by the framers led us directly into civil war.
I'd have some respect for the slavers if they had put any thought into a real constitution. They even say "we the people" not "we the states" as the old articles of confederation did. It's absurd.
The old articles are pretty cool. There was no supreme court. Cases were settled by the United States in Congress.
"Step outside the box, and imagine if we'd NEVER created the national government. "
We might look like Canada.
Step back and imagine if we actually had followed the Constitution, and held fast to the idea of a LIMITED national government.
We had a limited national government when the United States was a confederacy. They screwed the pooch when they created a national government that was a complete and supreme entity. So many predictable invitations to power and expansion--The preamble, with its broad, general goals, the implied powers of the "necessary and proper" clause, the shockingly powerful and final Supreme Court that would decide the meaning of the Constitution, the total dilution and smothering of state sovereighty--it's all in the Constitution. Odd, isn't it, that the actual federalists are known as the antifederalists, and the nationalists are known as the federalists? Providence has a sense of humor.
I think we could have looked more like Switzerland, but of course, we got way, way too big to be a functional confederation, let alone a single republic, a long time ago.
I might say a limited national government is sorta like being slightly pregnant. I might also say wouldn't it be nice if rivers were made of chocolate and bottles of jack daniels grew on trees. You should read Antifederalist 49:
People once possessed of power are always loathe to part with it; and we shall never find two thirds of a Congress voting or proposing anything which shall derogate from their own authority and importance, or agreeing to give back to the people any part of those privileges which they have once parted with-so far from it, that the greater occasion there may be for a reformation, the less likelihood will there be of accomplishing it. The greater the abuse of power, the more obstinately is it always persisted in. As to any expectation of two thirds of the legislatures concurring in such a request, it is if possible still more remote. The legislatures of the states will be but forms and shadows, and it will be the height of arrogance and presumption in them, to turn their thoughts to such high subjects.
Antifederalist 45 is haunting:
From this contrast it appears that the general government, when completely organized, will absorb all those powers of the state which the framers of its constitution had declared should be only exercised by the representatives of the people of the state; that the burdens and expense of supporting a state establishment will be perpetuated; but its operations to ensure or contribute to any essential measures promotive of the happiness of the people may be totally prostrated, the general government arrogating to itself the right of interfering in the most minute objects of internal police, and the most trifling domestic concerns of every state, by possessing a power of passing laws "to provide for the general welfare of the United States," which may affect life, liberty and property in every modification they may think expedient, unchecked by cautionary reservations, and unrestrained by a declaration of any of those rights which the wisdom and prudence of America in the year 1776 held ought to be at all events protected from violation.
In a word, the new constitution will prove finally to dissolve all the power of the several state legislatures, and destroy the rights and liberties of the people; for the power of the first will be all in all, and of the latter a mere shadow and form without substance, and if adopted we may (in imitation of the Carthagenians) say, Delenda vit America.
The POTENTIAL for problems was definitely there, which is why I agree that the Constitution failed in its purpose. But a Supreme Court decision or two could have derailed the whole thing (proper interpretation of the "commerce clause" for instance). But I do not see the result as having been inevitable by any means.
I've already said that the Anti-Federalists were eerily prescient about the results. But it is also true that even the Anti-Federalists believed that with the addition of the Bill of Rights, that the potential problems could be avoided, as sufficient of them voted to enable the passage of the Constitution.
So, ultimately, they were wrong, too.
That the entire system could hinge on the interpretation of a few unaccountable judges is simply mind boggling.And the results were entirely predictable:
"When the courts will have a precedent before them of a court which extended its jurisdiction in opposition to an act of the legislature, is it not to be expected that they will extend theirs, especially when there is nothing in the constitution expressly against it? And they are authorised to construe its meaning, and are not under any control.
This power in the judicial, will enable them to mould the government, into any shape they please. "
Antifederalist 80
I don't think there's anything eerie about it. It simply shows that the problems were obvious to many observers at the time.
But it is also true that even the Anti-Federalists believed that with the addition of the Bill of Rights, that the potential problems could be avoided, as sufficient of them voted to enable the passage of the Constitution.
Not exactly. I mean, it passed WITHOUT a bill of rights. They had the promise of a bill of rights. The vote in Virginia was very close. I don't know how all the anti-federalists voted in the end. You are correct that the Bill of Rights failed to fix the inherent flaws. In fact, the Bill of Rights contains some whopping errors in its own right.
For example, why the introductory clause in the 2nd amendment? If people have an absolute right to bear arms, why qualify it regarding militia duty? It muddies the water. The term "respecting the establishment of religion" is regrettably vague." What is an "unreasonable" search or seizure? etc.
I think that once the Constitution passed, it made sense to try to improve it with the bill of rights. But I think those that opposed a national government were correct. Those who supported it (and created it) were dead wrong.
Enough of them that the Constitution was ratified, obviously. Whether the Bill of Rights was included, or merely a promise was made, the tactic convinced enough of them to change their votes to result in ratification.
And the irony of it is that the world has learned nothing from the mistakes, as the "EU" is about to go down exactly the same road.
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Pattern Interruption for Improving Coaching
If you have attended any of my clinics live, you know at some point in time I teach the value of using the method of pattern interruption to make important points stand out and be remembered, not just for a while, but often permanently. One of the finest teachers in the nation, Jamie Escalante, even had a movie done about his teaching, Stand and Deliver, where he brought dozens of inner city high school students to achieve Advanced Placement Test success at a level that the testing company assumed the group had cheated. Retested a month later, even more of the students passed the test under the company's staff watchful eyes. If you have not seen the real Jamie in action, and since everyone reading this has had to take math classes, take a look at how he uses pattern interruption compared to what your and my math teachers did to teach us, in this 4 minute clip titled "Math, Who Needs It?"
What does a great music instrument/band teacher, great dance teacher, great vocalist teacher, great playwright teacher have in common? They guide their students' discoveries, let them err and learn, in both private lessons and in group teaching periods. Then, when the performances with body, voice and instruments happen, in front of parents and strangers, what do they do? Yep, they sit there and listen and take notes on what to work on in the next practice. There is a lesson in that for coaches in all sports…
We have watched "how to sing" for decades, knowing how to hold the mic, move your hands, emote, but you don't really know how to sing until you sing…and know that I sadly cannot sing, not even in the shower….So this season I have again enjoyed watching The Voice. Not just for the renditions of songs they sing, but for all the teaching/coaching you get to watch going on. Unlike the almost abusive shows fueling a "teaching" method - led by "Dance Moms" and including Toddlers & Tiaras, and Here Comes Honey Boo Boo – The Voice has real talent mentoring real talent.
The most impressive part of this season for me is seeing the teaching skills of Usher. I would love to have my kids play for him if he coached any sport… In the last few weeks he has danced a waltz with one of his singers, stood way back in the studio and said capture me from here…put his face right in front of another of his singers to ask her to sing to him intimately, made the quirky Michelle Chameul sing True Colors (great song choice by Usher) to herself by holding up a full length mirror…. All great examples of pattern interruption. I have yet to see any of the performers being punished, but rather they are constantly encouraged, guided and supported.
The Voice, American Idol, America/Britian/Australia/InsertCountry Got Talent, and other shows are fascinating examples of the competitive cauldron on a very public stage. That talent comes in so many varieties on the Nation's Got Talent version is a joy to seen from just the specificity in training point of view. For me over the years, I love to see how music helps bond your team, from shared focus in lyrics to shared memories and so much of the important things that happen off the court.
So I will share two songs that are part of my team's memories… First, Olivia Archbold a 14 year old sings this version of one of my favorite songs – "In the Arms of The Angel" – she starts singing about 90 seconds in if you just want to skip the lead in story… Meanwhile, I will close this blog with the passion of a Bulgarian singer… She sings "Ken Lee" and if you have seen it you know what I am thinking about (my singing skills…) and if you have not, take a couple of minutes to laugh along with everyone on the show…
Here's to using music to broaden the experiences and value of our sport for a lifetime….

subset: commoncrawl


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'Dallas' isn't the only show with double-dealing Texans, check out Margo Martindale in 'The Americans'
We already know about the original Texas connection in the new FX show and Homeland wannabe, The Americans, thanks to Michael Granberry's post about star Keri Russell's time growing up in Coppell. Now we have a bonafide born-in-Texas member of the cast, Emmy-award winning Margo Martindale, as the new KGB handler for the married Soviet agents.
Hailing from Jacksonville, Texas (trivia alert: her father was a champion dog handler in Texas), Margo picked up her Emmy for playing Mags Bennett on another FX show, Justified in 2011. Smash fans may also recall her as Miriam Abramson, the imperious head of the American Theatre Wing in the NBC show and Camilla Figg in Dexter on Showtime.
Margo is not all that likable in The Americans (who is?), and certainly no one to be trusted — she would fit RIGHT in with our friends on Dallas. But that doesn't stop us from being eager to see what she does next.
And speaking of next, here are some more of our Texan's fun connections. One of her first television roles was in Lonesome Dove, written by Texas' own Larry McMurtry. Plus, she'll be playing Mattie Fae Aiken in the upcoming film version of August: Osage County. Tracy Letts, who wrote this Pulitzer prize-winning play is also known for spending a few years in Dallas – where he waited tables while getting his start as an actor. Margo will be in good company in this film, too. The cast includes Meryl Streep, Julia Roberts, Juliette Lewis and Sam Shepard. She's playing Aunt Del in the new film Beautiful Creatures and she's about to play Nick's mother in New Girl on Fox.
You can catch the next episode of The Americans at 9 p.m. Central Wednesday on FX.


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Group Gatherings
From campsites, cabins and group bunkhouses to group dining halls and open-air pavilions, we have facilities to meet your group's needs. Some parks even have Wi-Fi!
Pin your favorite outdoor recipes!
Lodging & Other Indoor Overnight Facilities:
For all group and cabin reservations, please call (512) 389-8900. For same day reservations, please contact the park directly.Cabins
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Campsite reservations can be made be made online, or by fax or phone. Visit State Parks Reservations for more information.
- Sewer, Electric, & Water Hookups
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>Runner's World - My Event Ratings>
In short: Race versus nature in the dark! Bring it onIn full: I did the Beat the Bore at night. It was well organised and good value for money. Good scenery I am sure but not much to see in the dark with a head torch. 7 mile run and the best bit was waiting for the Bore ( I beat it) and shouting encouragement to those approaching the line as the wave roared up the Severn. Good experience. Won;t do it again as I beat the Bore and want to give others the chance to do same.Date of review: September 27, 2013
In short: Muddy Fun Run but organisation a bit lackingIn full: Poor communications (or none) ahead of the race and organisers caught out by the numbers who turned up so parking was difficult. Nevertheless it was a great fun and very muddy race. I will be back. I did not see the water station at 5km but personally did not need it. Overall - something in this race for everybody in this race -as long as they like mud. Date of review: December 30, 2012
In short: So dirty that Christina Aguilera gives out the t-shirts...Date of review: October 18, 2010
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About the Author: Ambassador Eric Goosby serves as U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator.
In June, I made my second visit to Uganda as the Global AIDS Coordinator. During the 1980s and 1990s, Uganda's successes in combating HIV/AIDS garnered global attention. But the disease remains a significant challenge for the nation, with the availability of antiretroviral treatment recently becoming a focal point of concern. My trip to Uganda was to engage in dialogue around this issue.
The dramatic expansion of access to health care services, including HIV treatment, in Uganda in recent years has been a remarkable accomplishment, one in which the United States has been able to play a key role. Over 200,000 Ugandans were receiving treatment at the end of September 2009, of whom 175,000 were directly supported by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). U.S. HIV/AIDS funding to Uganda is currently $280 million a year, and totals $1.4 billion since 2004. This is a historically high level of funding, particularly in a time of tightening budgets and economic constraints. In fact, the United States contributes approximately 70% of all funding for HIV/AIDS activities in Uganda.
Of course, the key metric is not the amount spent on a particular intervention, but the lives saved, a point made to us during our dialogue. The high point of my visit was a discussion with representatives of Uganda's extraordinary civil society sector, who have been leaders throughout the country's fight against AIDS. They eloquently presented their concerns regarding HIV needs in Uganda -- including treatment -- but also the need for effective prevention to prevent people from becoming infected in the first place. The key to ending this epidemic is to reduce the number over the long term of those who become HIV-positive, which is best accomplished as part of an overall effort to improve their health and the health systems that serve them.
That is why under President Obama's Global Health Initiative (GHI), we are working to save as many lives as possible by addressing the range of health needs people in countries like Uganda face, such as maternal and child health, health systems, neglected tropical diseases, and -- of course -- HIV/AIDS. By linking our activities, we will have a significant impact on the longevity and quality of life of millions of people now suffering from preventable and treatable diseases. PEPFAR is the cornerstone of this effort, which reflects lessons learned from the success of PEPFAR in Uganda and other countries.
In our discussions, we were candid about the issues and possible ideas for moving forward. I also spent considerable time with Ambassador Lanier and our PEPFAR country team to better understand the challenges and opportunities they see in Uganda.
Clearly, the challenges are significant. The country's unmet health need is large, with special challenges in HIV treatment. Despite the significant commitment by the United States, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria disbursement for treatment in 2009 from a Round 7 grant awarded in 2007 was only $4.2 million, far below the amount allocated, due to continuing governance issues in Uganda. Although there has been recent progress in addressing these issues, unavailability of these funds over these years has led to a halt in enrollment of antiretroviral treatment patients in some clinics, which in turn severely increased the pressures on other service sites (including many supported by PEPFAR). In addition, the impending withdrawal of medicines donated by the UNITAID health fund has led to uncertainty regarding supplies among HIV treatment providers.
To meet the need, Uganda's national government must resume the central role in leading the national response on health in general, and HIV/AIDS in particular. Through GHI, our programs will be implemented not only to increase access for Ugandans in the near term, but also to catalyze a more candid dialogue with Uganda's political leadership. While all appreciate the extraordinary U.S. commitment, the U.S. cannot be the sole resource for reaching the shared global goal of universal access to AIDS treatment in any country. Resources from other external donors, and from each country's own resources to the extent of its ability, must be found and mobilized.
All of these issues are familiar ones. I have been involved in HIV care as a clinician and in government for over 28 years. From the beginning, AIDS has posed daunting and unique challenges -- but the history of this disease has been one of people coming together to overcome those challenges. From my consultations, I came away with renewed confidence that, working in partnership, we can come together to support Uganda in rising to meet the needs of its people.
In my discussions with the people of Uganda, I clearly reiterated PEPFAR's commitment to support continued expansion of treatment in Uganda, as the PEPFAR Uganda team did in a May 2010 communication to partners in-country. I also emphasized the need to find new ways, and commit more resources, to prevent people from becoming infected in the first place and eventually needing treatment.
As in every country, there are many pieces to the puzzle. Based on our intensive consultations, the key actions PEPFAR will take in Uganda include the following. This is not an exhaustive list, and we will certainly adapt it as we move ahead, but I believe it captures most of the elements of a way forward.
• Through the GHI, PEPFAR will strengthen linkages with other U.S.-supported health programs, to ensure that we are being effective and efficient in meeting needs holistically.
• PEPFAR will continue to support treatment scale-up in Uganda, as well as expansion of access to HIV prevention and care and other needed health services.
• To address immediate needs, PEPFAR will provide an immediate infusion of antiretroviral drugs to allow partners to refill buffer stocks, avoid stock-outs and continue expansion of treatment services.
• PEPFAR will provide increased short- and medium-term financial assistance to bridge this challenging period.
• PEPFAR will aggressively promote best practices and innovations in service delivery to enable both PEPFAR overall and individual partners to operate more efficiently in order to serve more people. Examples may include: partner rationalization to ensure no site is served by more than one partner in any one technical area; review of drug pricing and procurement; and portfolio review to ensure alignment of partner configurations, funding opportunities and programs with high-level strategic objectives for each program area.
• PEPFAR staff in the field and at headquarters will work with Ugandan counterparts to conduct a highly detailed analysis of treatment expenditures in order to develop a plan that results in more people accessing treatment. This analysis will include modeling costs, projecting costs for scale-up, and matching these with implementation realities (e.g., limited human resources for health, clinic space, and coverage, and growing waiting lists).
• To accelerate the full functioning of grants of the Global Fund in country, PEPFAR will actively work with the Government of Uganda and Global Fund leadership in Geneva to facilitate the partnership required to scale up treatment, including mobilizing the Fund to restart the infusion of funds from previously approved grants. PEPFAR will also continue to engage with UNITAID about its plans -- to date, UNITAID has agreed to delay its withdrawal date to 2011.
• Perhaps most importantly, PEPFAR will pursue a new approach to purposeful engagement with the Government of Uganda and civil society. We will seek meaningful collaboration and contribution to the HIV response from the Government of Uganda, engaging it to do more to address critical needs and achieve better health outcomes for the Ugandan population, including through heightened financial and strategic leadership commitment.
None of these steps are fundamentally different from our activities in all of the countries in which we work. The role of U.S. health programs under the President's GHI is never to lead another nation's response, but to work with it to identify opportunities where U.S. technical and financial support can make a needed contribution. This is an ongoing, iterative process, with our U.S. Ambassadors and outstanding teams in country providing the key interface in dialogue with government, civil society, and other donors.
I am fundamentally optimistic about Uganda's HIV/AIDS response, and indeed about the reinvigoration of the global response to this challenge. I am grateful to our friends in Uganda for once again reaffirming that optimism.
Dr. Prakash S. in India writes:
Hi,to Ambassador Eric Goosby,your key role in
HIV/AIDS for Uganda's need more attention,
training,monitoring and follow-up under your
supervision.You done excellent work to world,
need this Uganda's as a model work by you.
I am Project Director for NGO for HIV/AID
IDUs,OST,Condom,sex-education and others.
Agnes A.A. in Uganda writes:
Ambassador Eric, your leadership and listening to voices of most most vulnerable (PLHIV) translates into this rhetoric communique. You are a hero in making a decision that will save a million lives of Ugandans PLHIV.
I am the Executive Director of National Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda (NACWOLA. One of the CSO delegates who met you during your visit to Uganda. "www.nacwola.or.ug". May you live longer to see us (PLHIV)see more days.
Kind regards
Mike B. in Vermont writes:
As a political scientist today and policy maker in the first years of the pandemic in California, I applaud the work of the Administration. But I find it regretful that in
your review of Uganda, you did not mention homophobic state repression and violence that, according to research presented at the Vienna Conference, directly lead to the higher prevalence rate among men who have sex with men in Uganda, and the refusal of the government to launch any prevention campaigns for these men, nor does it appear in your narrative that you met with those courageous men and women at SMUG and other organizations.
Christine in Australia writes:
I applaud PEPFAR for continued support and the American people's commitment to the fight of HIV scourge in Uganda. My concern is that afew already previledged people continue to misuse and these funds and continue to go untouched even when they have been exposed. What is PEPFAR's strategy of avoiding what happened with Global fund?
A.J.B. in Kenya writes:
The work you are doing in Uganda saving life of many people is absolutely amazing.May God give you many years and good health to take care of many. GOD BLESS YOU


text:
Silver Creek board tables smoke-free parks proposal
SILVER CREEK – After 10 months, the Silver Creek Village Board was still not ready to take action Monday night on making village parks smoke-free.
Trustee Ben Peters, who was put in charge of the matter, said he wanted to see the board take action at that night's regular board meeting since the planning board had heard a presentation on the matter and a majority were in favor.
He also encouraged the board to ask any questions of Tri-County Tobacco Free Program Director Laurie Adams.
Adams then gave the board some general information, what signs would look like and encouraged them to take action.
"We are not targeting smokers – we are targeting smoke, which contains 7,000 carcinogens in every breath of second-hand smoke inhaled," she said.
Sandra Lindstrom reported three of the five members of the planning board were in attendance for the presentation and one emailed a favorable opinion on the matter. She said only one member had concerns with the types of signs that would be put up.
Trustee Thomas Harmon asked how making the park smoke-free would affect those patronizing the beer and wine tent at the Festival of Grapes.
"I know a lot of people like to drink their beer and leave the tent to smoke. That is a big revenue-maker for us. Won't those people be upset?" he asked.
Melissa Shaw, the resident who brought forth the matter last October, pointed out not all those who drink, smoke and those who don't will be happy not to breathe it in.
Harmon said he was just bringing it up for discussion but does not oppose making the parks smoke-free.
Mayor Nick Piccolo said he is also not opposed but wanted to receive a formal recommendation from the planning board before action is taken.
The board voted to table the action item on the agenda to be brought up again soon. Trustee Warren Kelly was the only one to vote against tabling the action.
"I am 100 percent for this. I didn't want to table it because I thought we had enough positive information. I wanted to see it done tonight," he said after the meeting.
Kelly also reported he interviewed a qualified candidate for the code officer position in the village. No action was taken to hire the candidate.
Piccolo read a letter from Petri Baking Products stating layoffs would commence June 28 with 23 employees retained for the final closure of the plant.
Piccolo also gave a report on the waterline replacement project, saying phase two is nearly complete and phase three is on schedule. He also said the county will begin work on the stream bank protection project behind the sewer plant at the end of July, which was made possible by former-trustee Amy Romanik who applied for the grant.
The board also honored the Anderson-Lee Library for its 50th anniversary, declaring July as "Visit Your Local Library Month."
The next village board meeting will be held July 15.


text:
I've seen Ti Guan Yin and Ti Kuan Yin, and both look to be the same tea. Is it?
And if so, where's the place to find the best Ti Kuan Yin? I love this stuff.
And are there any other sweet tasting oolongs out there I should try that taste like this?


text:
Fair ~
High: 53°F ~ Low: 32°F
Tuesday, Jan. 24, 2017
Can you solve this mystery?Posted Sunday, March 1, 2009, at 10:27 PM
A friend of Paul Corbin's brought him these two canning jars this week, and we're trying to figure out why on earth a jar would have a lid on both ends! Anybody have an answer??
I've done a fair amount of canning in my day, but I've never seen anything like this. I have no idea if any of our fellow bloggers are old enough to help us solve this mystery.
What do you think, folks? Has anyone ever seen such a thing?? The answer will probably be so simple that we'll feel pretty stupid -- but it isn't often that Paul Corbin is mystified by a product from the past. He sold Watkins' products all over the countryside back in the 1930's, and I thought he'd seen everything!
Showing comments in chronological order
[Show most recent comments first]
Don't shoot me, I suppose these jars were designed for either left or right handed persons. That's the best I could do this early in the morning.
-- Posted by changedname on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 6:46 AM
Madeline Dejournett's response:Ah, Dexterite, you're always the first one to respond to a new blog, I think! Haha! Great start for the conversation!!
I may have to e-mail a copy of this out to my bottle collecting buds in Phoenix, something tells me if BG can't give us an answer then some of our local collectors might....I've got guesses, but, they are out there....#1 are the lids the old zinc/tin/steel types, looks like it, #2, Do the jars have molding seams?? #3 Do the jars exhibit any bubbles internal to the glass??, #4 What is the configuration of the threads on the top(s) of the jars, squared off, rounded crowns, or sharper shaped??.....We need guidance!!!...molater, kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 7:41 AM
I'm thinking that since sorghum molasses was made in that area, perhaps sorghum, or even honey, might be preserved in a jar that could be opened from the bottom--where the viscous substance rests. I'll ask around though.
-- Posted by GONENOW on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 7:49 AM
I e-mailed the link out to Phoenix, and will let all know if Bryan has a clue...after he gets in from the golf course.....molater, kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 10:29 AM
I'm thinking something along the lines of solids and liquids separating..... one or the other has to be extracted from the bottom after separation?
-- Posted by greer958 on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 2:57 PM
ALL, BG doesn't have a clue, HOWEVER, We have a source, Jeff Wishman, at American Bottle Auction.com, who might shed some light on these items....I shall inquire....molater, kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 7:02 PM
E-Mail to ABA has been done....we shall see....kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 7:14 PM
MD, if you get the chance, pass on to Mr. Paul, that we are working on some of his mysteries, and be pleased, so to maintain his stature, as one of our storied, Stoddard County historians, and with our utmost regard...also... he might want to look at the blog on the two soapstone slabs from the old RR dump..I had an "idee"..while I work on the weird "canning"(NOT) jars, they had other uses, of this I am sure....preserve us all, with the wisdom, and FONT of knowledge, which resides with Mr. Corbin, I should like to come down this summer and sit on the porch with him, and hopefully that just might be possible, my Hart family reunion is in June, but for now I'll just sit up here in Kansas and ruminate....molater, kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 7:28 PM
Madeline Dejournett's response:Kk, I'll let Mr. C know about your recent posting on his soapstone slab blog. I'm sure he hasn't checked it in a while, and I'm also sure he would be most happy to sit and talk with you, if you make it to Advance this summer. I think he must be making a trip to the post office right now. If I don't rouse him soon, I'll be knocking at his door, for sure!!
Durn, if I don't get deeper,... just sent the link to yet another bottle/jar dude,(Maestro???) SOMEWHERE????, we'll see what pops up!!!....molater....kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Mon, Mar 2, 2009, at 7:54 PM
The first thing that came to my mind was that whatever the contents are in the jars, if both ends are removable, then the contents will come out in one piece. Ok, sort of like cranberry sauce at Thanksgiving. If you take off both ends of the can, then the sauce comes out neatly instead of digging it out in chunks. This probably isn't the right answer but I thought I'd send it along anyway. I'll look forward to reading the answer!
-- Posted by ct on Tue, Mar 3, 2009, at 11:54 AM
Bryan G. e-mailed that his best guess for the jar with the funnel end was an insect trap for the cellar, bait the bottom and let the little bugs do what comes naturally....his only theory though...I sent the link out to a couple of other knowledgable types so we'll see what they come up with.....molater, kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Tue, Mar 3, 2009, at 1:50 PM
On the heels of the stone gussets, it is apparent that Paul could revitalize Advance's economy by opening a "House of Mystery." He could fill it with the strange and weird stuff he would have people send him from all over the world.
-- Posted by FJGuy on Tue, Mar 3, 2009, at 2:42 PM
It's possible it could be a minnow trap. The jar is placed on its side and the cap removed from the end with the funnel. The minnows swim in and can't swim out. Place the lid on over the funnel end and you could then transport them without spills. Take the lid off the other end to retrieve the minnow for fishing.
-- Posted by backseat driver on Tue, Mar 3, 2009, at 4:14 PM
Wow, backseat! If that isn't the answer, it's a pretty good use for the jar, I'd say! I like ct's cranberry sauce idea, too.
FJ - always thinking creatively, guy!
I know Mr. Corbin has read this blog, so, eventually, we'll see what he thinks, I'm sure.
-- Posted by goat lady on Wed, Mar 4, 2009, at 8:18 AM
I think the idea for minnows being kept in the jars makes sense. I don't think cranberry sauce would come out in a "loaf", since the opening is smaller than the jar. Now, don't say I don't understand practical math!
Speaking of minnows---let's go fishing!
-- Posted by GONENOW on Wed, Mar 4, 2009, at 3:12 PM
I AGREE WITH G N on, the cranberry sauce idea, as the jars are larger than the mouth of the jar, and they were not used as a minnow trap, as the clear jar does not have a funnel in either end of the jar.
I can't see how the funnel in one end of the green jar served any purpose as it is inside the jar, which does not make the mouth of the jar any larger, and the opening of the lower end of the funnel is only slightly smaller than the mouth of the jar. There are no molding seams in either of these jars.
One young lady in Perryville Mo. has been collecting antiques for over a half century, and she says that she has never seen anything like these jars. She is searching some of her sources, and hopes to come up with the answer.
-- Posted by paulcorbin on Wed, Mar 4, 2009, at 5:04 PM
I found one idea while 'googling' this problem and it was mentioned a funnel could be in either end of the jars sometimes during canning to reduce the empty space of the contents.
-- Posted by changedname on Wed, Mar 4, 2009, at 5:15 PM
A "young" lady who has been collecting antiques for over "half a century," eh? Paul Corbin, you are such a GENTLEMAN!!!
-- Posted by goat lady on Wed, Mar 4, 2009, at 6:43 PM
It occurred to me that possibly the wrong people are being sought to solve Paul Corbin's various mysterious objects. Perhaps someone should be contacted who catalogues items believed to have been left on Earth by extraterrestrial visitors.
-- Posted by FJGuy on Wed, Mar 4, 2009, at 6:54 PM
Mr. Ruminating KK. - - - -I am sure we can find something to CHWE on if you decie to make the trip to this neck of the woods in June. However I hope you will understand when I hesitate to make any definate commitment that far in advance. At age 94 I won't even buy bananas unless they are completely ripe.
-- Posted by paulcorbin on Wed, Mar 4, 2009, at 7:38 PM
Is it possible that some clever person made the jars as a prank to send the mind of a person spinning as he or she tries to figure out what the jars were made to do? Could be that somebody is having a hearty laugh!!
-- Posted by FJGuy on Fri, Mar 6, 2009, at 7:38 PM
Mr. Paul, we're still "ruminating", although moving this weekend has taken some of the starch out of my BeeCee's!!!Point well taken about this summer, a saying out in Sun City West is that the man who buys green bananas is an Optimist!! We'll keep stirring the pot on these jars, there's got to be answers somewhere, and I haven't heard anymore from AZ on the matter.Regards to all, molater, kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Sat, Mar 7, 2009, at 1:19 PM
MD, Mr Paul, and ALL,
Friends out west have come through with the facts as they know them to exist for these jars.
They are dispenser jars that attach to a wall mounted dispenser, or also could be to a wall mounted coffee grinder. The bottom of the jar screws into the top of the grinder. Coffee beans are poured into the top. Sort of nifty, huh? There are several known grinder jars, the Universal and Arcade to name a couple. Hope this helps. (From firstname.lastname@example.com), Best to all in the Bootheel, for now, molater, kk
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Mon, Mar 9, 2009, at 10:26 AM
Here's a link to a site with photos of wall mounted coffee mills. The clear jar looks like it may have been used for that, but what about the green jar with the internal funnel shape? http://www.javaholics.net/html/wall_mill...
-- Posted by backseat driver on Mon, Mar 9, 2009, at 1:02 PM
Madeline Dejournett's response:Thank you for this link, Backseat! The site is truly AMAZING!! I had no idea! Paul Corbin took a look at it yesterday and was equally impressed! Now, as you can see, we have a comment from the source!
Thanks for referencing our website (www.javaholics.net) regarding examples of other double ended glass jars. Although the design of your mystery jars are very similar to those used for Coffee Mills, they were not used for this purpose. They were instead used for an insecticide applicator, usually in the powder form. One end of the jar was attached to a bellows usually made of wood and cloth or leather while the other end had a cone shaped funnel. The jar opening's are the same size of ordinary canning jars, this is why you often see these jars with canning type lids screwed to them. Coffee Mill jars are typically larger on one end to help facilitate adding whole coffee beans while the other smaller end was inserted into the cast iron grinding mechanism. I've tried searching Google Patents (www.google.com/patents) for documented evidence supporting my claim however I have not been successful.
-- Posted by Coffeenuts on Mon, Mar 9, 2009, at 10:07 PM
Madeline Dejournett's response:Coffeenuts, thank you so much for posting on our blog! I've just called Paul Corbin to tell him about your theory. When I talked to him earlier in the evening, he had seen kkcaver's final answer to the puzzle, but he hadn't seen your reply. He admits to being a bit skeptical about the insecticide applicator theory...
In fact, after kk's posting, something clicked in Mr. Corbin's head, and he went down to that museum of antiques which he calls a "basement" and found an old coffee mill, which he's going to clean up. He says the top jar is in good condition, but the bottom jar is missing.
We'll collaborate on a follow-up blog, compiling all our current information!
I cannot BELIEVE how many photos you have on your javaholics site!! I never knew such a multitude of coffee coffee mills existed!
Actually, I believe the jar is one that was used in a recent appearance by Rush Limbaugh in Cape Girardeau. If I am not mistaken, it was designed to actually show that crap can flow out of both ends of something. I love science!!
-- Posted by bwkingdingo on Tue, Mar 10, 2009, at 6:40 PM
Ooooooohhhh! kingdingo, you may not comment much, but when you DO, it's GREAT!!! I love sarcasm!!!!
-- Posted by goat lady on Wed, Mar 11, 2009, at 10:29 AM
I started collecting jars 40 years ago and have searched the "Red Book of Fruit Jars" and have never seen or found anything that looks like your picture of open ended jars. I truly believe the coffee grinder canister to be the correct category for these items
-- Posted by Okie on Wed, Mar 11, 2009, at 10:15 PM
ALL, I shall inform my amigo, Bgrapentine, as to the ultimate conclusion and visual proof as to the veracity of our findings...he's an old bottle whiz, but, obviously he has not come across this item, even in his vast repertoire of collecting!!
molater, kkr
-- Posted by kkcaver47 on Sat, Mar 14, 2009, at 2:48 AM
Here is yet another use for a double ended jar very similar to the Mystery Jars...for those of your familiar with eBay, do a search on Item # 120389219762. I'd be happy to send digital photo copies of the current eBay sale jar if anyone is interested...just send me your email address at; email@example.com
-- Posted by Coffeenuts on Sat, Mar 14, 2009, at 12:03 PM
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Madeline (Giles) DeJournett is the Advance writer for the North Stoddard Countian. A retired high school English/history teacher, she spent 32 years teaching in 5 schools in Missouri and Alaska. These days, she lives quietly with a menagerie of wild and domestic animals on 52 secluded acres in the remote Tillman hills south of Advance. She graduated from Dexter High School in 1960 and Southeast Missouri State in 1964. She can be contacted at email@example.com.
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Andrade wins, while two more Russian boxers fall
BEIJING (AP) U.S. welterweight Demetrius Andrade wanted a little revenge for a loss he took as a wide-eyed teenager in a cold Russian town.
Zhang Xiaoping hoped to prove China's early Olympic boxing success is no hometown concoction.
And when Andrade and Zhang were done, they had added two more names to the shockingly long list of Russians going home early from Beijing.
Zhang upset light heavyweight Artur Beterbiev 8-2 on Thursday at Workers' Gymnasium, and Andrade easily stayed on track for a medal with a 14-3 thrashing of Andrey Balanov.
The losses left just six fighters in the field for Russia, which was widely expected to be the games' dominant power over a young Cuban team. Instead, four Russians were picked off in the last two days of preliminary bouts, while Cuba still has nine fighters in the field.
Andrade was far too much for Balanov, who only scored one point - he got two more on a curious penalty against Andrade for ducking. The American's technically superb victory avenged a loss to the 32-year-old Balanov in Russia back in early 2005 when the current world champion welterweight was a raw prospect from Providence, R.I., on his first international trip.
"He was the first person I ever fought over, maybe, 22," Andrade said. "I was real nervous. I'm only 16, I've got no power, I can't hold the guy. I went in there and did my thing, but I learned from it, and it got me to where I am today."
That's one victory from a guaranteed medal, and three wins from gold. He'll fight South Korea's Kim Jung-joo on Sunday for a semifinal place.
Zhang got a few curious points from the judges, but still controlled his fight with another Russian disappointment. Beterbiev, who finished second in last year's championships, didn't score after the first round and seemed to have no strategy to beat his tall, long-armed opponent.
Zhang turned the fight into a hug-a-thon at times, but scored enough on the outside to win.
"I had the psychological advantage, because my opponent is stronger than me, so I have no pressure," Zhang said. "Secondly, my strategy is quite good. I took advantage of my height and kept distance from my opponent."
Chinese welterweight Hanati Silamu also beat overmatched Joseph Mulema of Cameroon 9-4 to advance within one victory of a medal. China, which has never won gold in a sport banned by under Chairman Mao Zedong, has seven boxers still alive in the Olympics - unbelievably, more than the Russians.
At least light welterweight Gennady Kovalev slowed the Russian slide in the evening session with an 11-2 win over Richarno Colin of Mauritius.
While Russia falters, the young Cubans keep chugging along. Welterweight Carlos Banteaux advanced with a 13-6 victory over Britain's Billy Joe Saunders, and light welterweight Roniel Iglesias celebrated his 21st birthday by beating Morocco's Driss Moussaid.
Banteaux, who lost to Saunders earlier in the year, fought with precise strategy in the rematch, counterpunching and picking away at his eager teenage opponent. Banteaux showed off his sharper grasp of amateur boxing's idiosyncratic scoring for punches from multiple angles.
Saunders' teammate, light heavyweight Tony Jeffries, opened his Olympics with a victory over Colombia's Eleider Alvarez in a fight that ended in a 5-all tie. Amateur boxing matches are then decided by the highest average of total punches landed, as scored by three of the five judges at ringside.
But Britain lost another medal hope in the evening session when light welterweight Bradley Saunders lost 11-7 to France's Alexis Vastine. Saunders, no relation to his teammate, had beaten Vastine in the world championship quarterfinals last fall on the way to a bronze medal, but was decisively beaten by his sometime training partner.
"It's a big weight off my shoulders, now I know I haven't got a medal," Saunders said. "It's been brilliant coming here, but there's so much pressure with the training and not seeing my family. Now I can be back with my family and live a normal boy's life."
Unheralded Egyptian welterweight Hosam Abdin got the session off to a remarkable start with an 11-10 victory over Thailand's Non Boonjumnong, who finished second at last year's worlds. Abdin hung on in the final two rounds even after his coach was kicked out of his corner for being too vocal.
Boonjumnong's brother, Manus, later opened defense of his light welterweight gold medal in Athens by beating Japan's Masatsugu Kawachi.
"I'm incredibly sad and disappointed," Manus said of his brother's loss. "He has been preparing even better than me. He talked to my parents, and they cried on the phone, but it was destiny that he couldn't get through. I will try to do the best where I am now."
World champion light welterweight Serik Sapiyev also beat Venezuela's Jonny Sanchez.


text:
Navy/Red Drum Flushmount Light
- Overview
Our bold, high-contrast fixture lights up the room with a pop of color. It features a cotton percale shade and a soft-glow diffuser.
- 20.5" diameter, 19.5–43.5" high
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- Can be mounted flush to the ceiling or hung to your desired height.
- Includes a diffuser
- UL-listed.
- Hardwire; professional installation recommended.
- Title 20 compliant lamps will be shipped to CA addresses. Learn more to understand product differences.
- Dimensions & Care
- Overall: 20.5" diameter, 19.5–43.5" high
- Shade: 20.5" diameter, 11.5" high
- Bulb: 60 watts, type A (not included)
- Weight: 6.5 pounds
- Dust with a soft, dry cloth.
- To protect the finish, do not apply abrasives or household cleaners.
- Clean with a soft dry, cloth or static duster.
- Do not exceed specified wattage.
- Shipping & Return Info
This is a general shipping item.
View Our Shipping Information
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At Pottery Barn Kids, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction is our priority. We carefully inspect your order prior to shipment; upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage. We will arrange for a prompt replacement. If, within 7 days for Quick Ship upholstery and 30 days for all other products, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value.
If your return for Merchandise Credit Cards is greater than $10,000, we will issue $10,000 in Merchandise Credit Cards to you that day, and then mail additional Merchandise Credit Card(s) for the amount in excess of $10,000 to you.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. We also cannot accept returns of final-sale items, which are identified by a price that ends in $0.99.
For returns of items purchased from your Pottery Barn Kids registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later.
For assistance, please contact Customer Service at 800.993.4923
International Returns: Online returns are available only for items that were shipped to the United States. If you would like to return items that were shipped outside the US, please see International Returns and Exceptions.


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Short Sleeve Sleep Top Blue Haze
Style: 1570081241
Out of Stock
Sapphire embroidery has a silky luster on Blue Haze netting, bringing lingerie elegance to the V-neck of a relaxed top. Wear with the Blue Haze Crop Pant for a gorgeous night's sleep.
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Ghislaine Lydon
This work examines the organization of long-distance trade from the point of view of the logistics and the strategies that caravaners employed to outfit and launch regional and trans-Saharan caravans in a large region encompassing present-day Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal and the Western Sahara.
Currently, I am working on two research projects. The first is a book tentatively entitled "Contracting Trust: Paper, Literacy and the Law in the History of Muslim Africa." It examines the impact of literacy and writing paper in the organization of early modern and modern Muslim and non-Muslim economies. This is a broad study that begins with a history of the production and use of paper in world history, and goes on to consider how legal institutions and commercial literacy shaped 'paper economies.' Depending on the religious frameworks and legal cultures supporting these institutions, they experienced different economic development outcomes. The second project, tentatively entitled "The Evolution of Women's Rights in Muslim West Africa," is a study of legal culture and patterns of judicial rulings in Senegal and Mauritania, with some comparative research in other parts of Muslim Africa. Working with French colonial archives, including those of the Tribunal Musulman in Saint-Louis (Senegal), and local Mauritanian legal sources, I am studying how Muslim African women carved out spaces of power by using both colonial and local institutions of the law in the nineteenth century, and following these developments to uncover how and why certain groups of women experienced an erosion of their rights in the course of the early twentieth century.
Ph.D. (History) Michigan State University & BA (African Studies) McGill University.
Winner of the Martin A. Klein Prize in African History at the 125th Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association in Boston for On Trans-Saharan Trails: Islamic Law, Trade Networks and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Nineteenth-Century Western Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Selected Publications
On Trans-Saharan Trails: Islamic Law, Trade Networks and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Nineteenth-Century Western Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
The maps in this book were beautifully crafted by Don Pirius of Cartographic Services.
This book explores the history of trans-Saharan trade in western Africa in the nineteenth century. It treats the Sahara as a bridge that connected peoples across the continent. This is the first study of its kind to document the history and organization of trans-Saharan trade in western Africa using original source material. It examines the internal dynamics of a trade network system based on a case-study of the Wad Nun traders who specialized in outfitting camel caravans in the nineteenth century. Through an examination of contracts, correspondence, fatwas, and interviews with retired caravaners, Lydon shows how traders used their literacy skills in Arabic and how they had recourse to experts of Islamic law to regulate their long-distance transactions. The book also considers the methods employed by women participating in caravan trade. By embracing a continental approach, this study bridges the divide between West African and North African studies. The work will be of interest to students of African, Middle Eastern, and world history and to scholars of long-distance trade, Muslim societies, and legal cultures.
Co-Edited Volume:
With Graziano Kratli, The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Arabic Literacy, Manuscript Culture, and Intellectual History in Islamic Africa (Leiden: Brill, 2011).
Research Articles
"Die Saharischen Schulen in der Geschichte Mauretaniens" (Saharan Schools in the History of Mauritania), Kathrin Moller, trans. INAMO: Informationsprojekt Naher und Mittlerer Osten, 2010 (61), 34-38.
" "A Paper Economy of Faith without Faith in Paper: A Reflection on Islamic Institutional History." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 71 (2009), 647-59.
"Contracting Caravans: Partnership and Profit in Nineteenth-Century Trans-Saharan Trade." Journal of Global History , vol. 3, no. 1 (2008).
"Droit islamique et droits de la femme d'après les registres du Tribunal des Musulmans de Ndar (St. Louis du Sénégal), 1850s-1920s." Canadian Journal of African Studies , vol. 41, no. 2 (2007.
"Islamic Legal Culture and Slave Ownership Contests in Nineteenth-Century Sahara." International Journal of African Historical Studies vol. 40, no. 3 (2007).
"Slavery, Exchange and Islamic Law: A Glimpse from the Archives of Mali and Mauritania." African Economic History , vol. 33 (2005), 115-146.
"Writing Trans-Saharan History: Methods, Sources and Interpretations across the African Divide" Journal of North African Studies , Vol. 10, No. 3-4 (2005), 293-324.
""The Unraveling of a Neglected Source: Women in Francophone West Africa in the 1930s," Cahiers d'Études Africaines . Vol. 147, XXXVII (1997), 555-584.
Chapters in Books
"A Thirst For Knowledge: Saharan Bibliophiles, Arabic Literacy and the Paper Trade," in Kratli and Lydon (Eds.), The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Arabic Literacy, Manuscript Culture, and Intellectual History in Islamic Africa (Leiden: Brill, 2011).
""Obtaining Freedom at the Muslims' Court of Ndar: Colonial Kadijustiz and Women's Divorce Litigation in Senegal." Shamil Jeppie, Richard Roberts and Ebrahim Moosa, Eds., Muslim Family Law in Sub-Saharan Africa: Colonial Legacies and Post-Colonial Challenges (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010), 135-164.
"The Organization of Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Western Africa." Ali Ahmida, Ed., Bridges Across the Sahara: Social, Economic Cultural impact of the Trans-Sahara Trade During the 19th and 20th Centuries (Cambridge Scholars Press, 2009), 25-60.
"Inkwells of the Sahara: Reflections on the Production of Islamic Knowledge in Bilad Shinqit." In The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Africa , Scott Reese, Ed. (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 39-71.
""Women in Francophone West Africa in the 1930s: Unraveling a Neglected Report," In Democracy and Development in Mali , R. James Bingen, David Robinson, John Staatz, Eds. (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2000), 61-86.
"Women, Children and the Popular Front's Missions of Inquiry in French West Africa." In French Colonial Empire and the Popular Front , Tony Chafer & Amanda Sackur Eds. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), 170-187.
"Les Péripéties d'une Institution Financière: La Banque du Sénégal 1844-1901." In AOF: Réalités et Héritage. Sociétes Ouest-Africaines et Ordre Colonial 1895-1890 , Saliou Mbaye, Ibrahim Thioub & Charles Becker, Eds. (Dakar: Archives Nationales du Sénégal, 1997), 475-491.


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Skip to comments.The ***OFFICIAL*** Friday/Saturday Night Singles' Thread February 24th and 25th, 2006
Posted on 02/24/2006 5:11:41 PM PST by najida
Anyhow, in the process of cleaning out boxes, it came to me....the questions that we all ask ourselves as we uncover chunks of our long lost past.....
What WAS I thinking!?!
So, my questions to all of you are:
What hobby or interest did you have when you were younger that you still have a passion for?
Ok, now....is there something you used to do that you now think "I can't believe I used to like that!"
Same with music---
What was your favorite band/song in highschool, then early adulthood compared to now? (Those still in early adulthood have only 2 questions to answer. Or maybe just one ;))
Is there anything in your interests, hobbies or life that would surprise people who know you? (Nothing weird, just.....) And if it invovles being on wanted posters, you can skip the question :)
Night!!! See ya here tomorrow?
Kiss the Girls and one or two others have been made into movies. Morgan Freeman as Alex Cross. Movies are good also.
If you haven't read John Sandford's "Prey" series, do so. They are good. You should read them in order, though, as he develops his character over the series.
I heard of "Jars of Clay".
I'm in there with both of you, 100%. I love to travel some, enjoy my family, meet new people, but I am a homebody too. It would be great if there was a man who joined me in this life, but I WILL NOT SETTLE, again. Question is, where do you find this man with similar interest? I want a helpmate, a soulmate, a kindred soul, but where is he? Where do you find that special one in this life? Somebody please tell me! Till someone falls in my lap, I will enjoy my yard, my vacations and road trips, my little grandchildren, and keep looking for Mr. Right.
Good evening :) lol not been doing much.
Hang in there! You well could still meet that guy.
I am waiting for the RIGHT man, too. I had the right man in my late husband. I believe you can find love a second time around. I just want to make sure I don't get burned.
Meanwhile, I have my dog Harm. He is almost as big as I am, so he is good for hugs. :)
How goes your day??
Thank you. Now I can mellow out. :)
Happy to assist!!
How was your day?
Today has been okay. Busy, but okay. How are you doing?
Yes, we are close in age. I am 56.
Yes, it breaks my heart to see all of those young men over there risking their lives and sacrificing their lives for peace and freedom. I admire them so much.
Well, I know how old I am, but you look much, much younger.
Hey! Glad to see that you made it! How was your week?
No me. I am still going strong. ;)
Not the best today(see my earlier post, my second one. You will see what I mean).
My father is two years younger than my mother. Their 60th wedding anniversary is in August.
I thought you were hitting the rack. Nice to have you still here.
I shall do my best. You have a good day tomorrow. I will get the tissues for RockinRight to cry into.
I don't *think* I'm gonna need tissues...
I will, thank you. I have not gotten Patterson's in order. Does that make a big difference in his books?
My week was busy. How are you doing?
I am not sure of that one. Is that one of MercyMe's? I just got turned onto them and only have one of their cd's plus the cd with just "I Can Only Imagine" on it that came in the little book of the same title.
You said it. Where are they? I am not settling either. Until God opens up the heavens and says: "Here is the one I have chosen for you!" I am not going to get involved. Also, my dog Harm has to approve. Until then, I am involved in the same activities you have mentioned.
Jars of Clay is another Christian band
Not a big difference, but would be better in order.
Pretty good! I took care of my 3 year old granddaughter. We colored pictures of puppies and kittens. I like to color pictures. We watched a ton of cartoons, too.
I'm outta here. Night!!
My dad died 6 1/2 years ago. My parents had been married for 54 years when he died. I had been married for 33 years (since I was 18) to my husband when he died.
Is it something I said? lol
I like some of the bands from the '70's and '80's. Imperials, Petra, Steve Taylor, Jerusalem, White heart, and Patti all come to mind (and memory). I recall entertaining a whole campsite in the late summer of '84, with that kind of stuff, with some of my stereo equipment(on a youth retreat).
Jars of Clay is a Christian band that was pretty popular around 1995. They had one fair hit called "Flood" on their debute album that was called "Jars of Clay". It was a very good song. They have about six albums, do a google search on Jars of Clay and you will quickly find the albums.
Did you see the FReeptoon????
(Sorry, but I have to ask).
I'm sorry about that. :-( Do you remember what post number that was?
Well, just in case. ;)
I have been told I have two brains. One is lost, and the other one is out looking for it. LOL
wow your hubby died young.. cancer, heart, accident (If I am not being too nosy & you don't mind sharing). Your parents had a long marriage for sure.. but we are never ready to let our parents go.. My dad has been gone since 1990 & I still miss him. He developed my love of the outdoors & was a constant supporter of me growing up in my academic & dancing endeavors..
Sorry to hear about your husband. That must have been quite a blow to you, I'm sure.
No, I didn't PC..NOT YET. I JUST got in a short time ago. I have maybe 40 pings & as many emails to catch up on.. I will get there though! promise. I look forward to your threads on Tues & Fridays. Fridays particularly are usually busy as I go out almost every Friday
this is from my local Christian radio station, has links to most of the popular artists
I am doing well. I just need to force myself to start working out. :(
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High | Low
(large download)
"Why is this happening to me?"
You've probably faced some sort of trial and in a weary moment wondered that very question. What about that—is God in complete control of everything? If so, and if He's good, why is there so much heartache in the world? Why wouldn't He take special care to keep His children from trouble and hurt?
In When Bad Things Happen to God's People, you'll see eight positive purposes for the suffering you experience.
November 7, 1993 2 Corinthians 1:3 47-2
Free Download: High Low
November 14, 1993 2 Corinthians 1:4-7 47-3
November 28, 1993 2 Corinthians 1:8-11 47-4
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Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Armin Van Buuren
In 1995, van Buuren attended Leiden University, and a local student club provided the venue for his first DJ gigs. The same year he was fortunate enough to have some demos included on compilations, and when the money came in, it was rolled back into producing 12"s. Cyber Records released his first hit, "Blue Fear," in 1995, and by 1999 his "Communication" was successful enough to get him signed to AM:PM. He also formed his own label, Armind, in 1999 and met Dave Lewis, a man responsible for jump-starting the careers of DJ Tiësto and Ferry Corsten. A collaboration with Tiësto yielded his biggest hit yet on Armind, "Eternity," and marathon five-hour sets brought him more attention. High-profile remixes of Madison Avenue's "Don't Call Me Baby" and Wamdue Project's "King of My Castle" followed, and numerous mix CDs were released on United Recordings.
By 2002 he'd placed number five in DJ Magazine's Top 100 and was hosting his own weekly show on the Dutch ID&T radio station. By the end of 2003 he found time to set the worldwide record for longest DJ set (12 and a half hours at a club in The Hague), finish his law degree, and release his first non-mix CD, 76. Shivers followed in 2005, with Imagine arriving in 2008. His 2010 effort, Mirage, featured singer Sophie Ellis-Bextor along with fellow producers BT and Ferry Corsten. Van Buuren returned in 2013 -- after numerous mix albums, including his annual additions to the A State of Trance series -- with his fifth studio album, Intense. The album was expanded in 2015 as Intense: The Most Intense Edition, a set that turned the original LP into a four-CD/one-DVD box featuring remixes and recordings of live gigs. His collaboration with Cosmic Gate, "Embargo," landed that same year. ~ David Jeffries
Selected Discography
Track List: Mirage
Track List: Imagine (The Remixes)
Track List: In And Out Of Love (Single)
Track List: Imagine
Track List: The Sound Of Goodbye (Single)
Track List: Rush Hour
Track List: 10 Years
Track List: Love You More (Single)
Track List: A State Of Trance 2006
Track List: Sail (Single)
Track List: Shivers
Track List: Burned With Desire (Single)
Track List: 76
Track List: Yet Another Day (Single)
Track List: Alone (Thomas Newson Remix)
Track List: Another You (Headhunterz Remix) (Single)
Track List: Another You (Pretty Pink Remix) (Single)
Track List: Another You (Single)
Track List: Armin Van Buuren : Select Singles
Track List: Beautiful Life (Single)
Track List: Broken Tonight (Single)
Track List: Burned With Desire (LTN Sunrise Remix) (Single)
Track List: Communication (Paul Oakenfold Full On Fluoro Mix)
Track List: Drowning
Track List: Freefall (Heatbeat Remix) (Single)
Track List: Freefall (Single)
Track List: Heading Up High (Remixes) (Single)
Track List: I Live For That Energy (ASOT 800 Anthem) EP
Track List: I'll Listen (Single)
Track List: If You Should Go (Single)
Track List: Imagine (Extended DJ Mixes)
Track List: In And Out Of Love
Track List: In And Out Of Love (Diversion Remix) (Single)
Track List: Make It Right (Remixes)
Track List: Never Say Never
Track List: Never Say Never (Namatjira Remix) (Single)
Track List: Ping Pong
Track List: Ping Pong (Hardwell Remix) (Single)
Track List: Save My Night (Andrew Rayel Remix) (Single)
Track List: Save My Night (Remixes)
Track List: Strong Ones (Remixes) (Single)
Track List: Strong Ones (Remixes, Pt. II) - EP
Track List: Suddenly Summer (Remixes)
Track List: Suddenly Summer (Single)
Track List: This Is What It Feels Like (Giuseppe Ottaviani Remix) (Single)
Track List: This Is What It Feels Like (Matt Lange Remix) (Single)
Track List: This Is What It Feels Like (Remixes)
Track List: Together (In A State Of Trance) (A State Of Trance Festival Anthem)
Track List: Waiting For The Night (Remixes)
Track List: Waiting For The Night (Rodg Chill Mix) (Single)
Track List: We Are Here To Make Some Noise (Remixes)
Similar Artists
I love your passon!!!
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Elephant subject of controversy
ATLANTA There has been a lot of conversation concerning an elephant named Nosey at this year's Montmorency County Fair. Nosey is a 31-year-old African elephant and is a key part of the Liebel Family Circus.
The traveling family circus offers elephant rides, entertainment, pony rides and face painting at the fair by all the members of the Liebel family. Tom Liebel, a native of Hungary, and his family of seven travel all around the United States to different fairs and festivals, providing entertainment for people of all ages. The family resides in Florida on their time off.
Over the last several years the animal rights group, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), has been keeping a close watch on Liebel and his animals, encouraging fairs, festivals and circuses to cancel his shows by calling and informing them of allegations against Liebel.
"We have been following Nosey for several years," PETA director of captive animal law enforcement Delcianna Winders said. "When we heard nothing back from the fair about canceling the elephant rides, we encouraged our members to call."
And call they did. Many members from PETA called the Montmorency County Courthouse and sent emails regarding Nosey, according to Debbie Nagel, secretary to the board of commissioners.
Montmorency County Undersheriff Brian Crane was informed of the concern, and said deputies had been to the Atlanta fairgrounds to observe the elephant and her owners, and found "nothing visually wrong with the animal," and said there were "no red flags saying anything was done illegally."
Montmorency County Fairboard President Deb Klein confirmed that a veterinarian was at the fairgrounds on Tuesday and gave a certification of health to the elephant, which according to Liebel, is something he has to do every month to continue to have Nosey in his show.
"Every month, by law, for business and traveling we must have a certification for her," Liebel said. "It was three days until her certificate was up, so we called for a vet to come. People should come observe to have a better idea of what we're doing and see it firsthand. She obeys very nice and by voice command."
Liebel said that by calling a vet, people started to question his motives. Liebel also agreed to being formally charged with animal welfare act violations.
"I am a man of principles, but I am only human," he said. "PETA had allegations. The government said you don't have a case. Now they are so mad that they will increase the pressure on me. I don't have to defend myself against PETA. If I did something wrong, they would've pulled my license. All the government inspections are all good."
Although everything checked out with his most recent inspection, Liebel hasn't been so fortunate in the past. Within the last few years, he freely admits to having around 30 allegations filed against him from the United States Department of Agriculture for violations of the Animal Welfare Act. There was a penalty of $7,500, which he paid after he hired a lawyer to go through the alleged violations.
"The lawyer said they had nothing on me; no proof," he said. "So I paid the $7,500."
Not all the allegations filed against Liebel were about Nosey. Some concerned a pair of spider monkeys he owned that had reported incidents at shows.
"We are animal lovers," Liebel said. "We also believe in family. I love this life. We have been show people for 500 years, and we can prove it. We are entertainment. We all can live together but we have to respect each other. They have an agenda and they have a lot of time."
Liebel adopted Nosey when she was around a year old and about four feet high.
"I raised her. We have a beautiful barn and land for her here," he said. "She is a part of my family."
However, according to Winders, a routine vet certification does not certify health of such an exotic animal.
"What is required is a vet certificate. It's very lenient. He (Liebel) has vet certificates, but we urge special veterinary care from an independent expert who is not partial to the business," Winders said. "Captive elephants often develop foot problems and arthritis from being foot chained. It would be better to have someone independent and not from the industry to evaluate her condition."
Nosey isn't the only entertainment elephant PETA keeps its eye on.
"We monitor all elephants used in entertainment," Winders said. "We were especially concerned about Nosey after her companion died. She was alone. A life on the road deprives her from moving around. Elephants in the wild walk up to 30 miles a day. She is a high priority for us because she is kept alone. Another aspect of violations against Liebel include dangerous public access and contact with Nosey. Several of the allegations referred to dangerous public contact, including failing to maintain an adequate barrier between Nosey and the public, putting both at risk."
Liebel said some fairs do cancel his circus because of the calls, and some do not, but it is their choice and he respects their decision.
"Say a lie long enough, and it's going to become a truth," Liebel said. "If we feel we are not welcome, we will leave. We are show people. This is the greatest country on God's great Earth. People can have their own opinions. I will not tell them what to believe."
Liebel, Nosey and the rest of his family will be performing and giving elephant rides at the Montmorency County Fair through Saturday in Atlanta.
Nicole Grulke can be reached via email at email@example.com or by phone at 358-5687. Follow Nicole on Twitter @ng_alpenanews.


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Afflicted to Effective (Players who were "unlucky" in 2011 that could help your fantasy baseball team in 2012)
Steve Hamby @SteveOnSportsOK on Twitter
Every year in the majors there are players who have shown consistency in their performances season after season, but for whatever reason they failed to live up to expectations.
In some cases, the blame falls on injury, opportunity, or, in some cases, just plain bad luck. Players such as Dan Uggla and David Wright in 2011 come to mind. Although it can be hard to draft or trade for a player who burned you last year, there are some of those guys who not only deserve a second look in 2012, but are must own players.
But first, how do we define bad luck? (more…)


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (70 votes).
In short: Very tough, but rewarding...In full: This is a review of the 2013 race (for some reason the options only go up to 2012).Race the Train (Rotary Challenge) is a definite 'must do' for any serious club runner, or just a fun runner who likes to push themselves. There are three main things to be aware of though:1) It is incredibly tough. Very, very tough. I have run marathons, half-marathons, Tough Mudder and a stack of x-country races. This is the toughest of the lot. Do not go into it 'hoping for the best.' If you think you may be under-prepared, the likelihood is, you will be found out. 2) The terrain is extremely challenging. This is what makes it so difficult. In many places it is actually pretty dangerous. The day I did it saw heavy rainfall and the grass became very slippery. I fell over twice - one fall saw me do a complete somersault as I tried to negotiate a particularly steep descent. 3) The course sees you complete a rough loop. You head out towards the station before looping back. The trip out to the station is pretty easy. A mixture of road initially, and then even footing grass. You need to be well ahead of the train at this point as it will make up ground on you on the return trip. Pretty much as soon as you loop back though, it gets immeasurably more difficult. You climb up very steep mudtracks that see you have to use your hands at times. You then hit a very narrow track (about 300mm wide) that runs along the edge of a hill. This is the toughest part of the race, and probably lasts for about 1.5 - 2 miles. The issue is that if you get caught behind someone, there is limited opportunity for over-taking. In addition, you effectively run with your left foot 20cm or so higher up the hill than your right. This puts considerable strain on your legs, and saps your energy. The event is not what I would call 'fun,' but I was really keen on beating the train (I lost by 2 minutes!), and also, the weather was horrendous. That said, it is definitely enjoyable - in a kind of sadomasochistic way. It is very well organised, and very well supported by the locals who were out in force despite the terrible weather. You cannot fail to be inspired by the wonderful scenery you run through, and the occasional 'toot' from the train in the distance gives welcome encouragement.The only change I would suggest is more information on what the course is like. Maybe testimonials from previous runners, on the website itself. I had to do an awful lot of searching to find out decent information. Speaking to people on the day, the general consensus seemed to be 'unless you are a seriously good runner, don't expect to beat the train at your first attempt.'Further discussion suggests that to beat the train, you need to be in 1h25m 1/2 marathon shape. I reckon this is about right. The train beat me by 2 minutes, and I recently ran a half in 1h28m - so the maths are there or there abouts. Having said that, that's where the similarity with a half marathon ends. It feels more like an 18m race.The above maybe focuses too much on the negatives. That may be unfair, but what I have tried to do is set down the information wanted to know before I ran it, but couldn't find. I will definitely be there next year - and you can't say much more than that!Date of review: August 29, 2013
In short: fantastic weekendDate of review: July 21, 2011
In short: Wow this was tough!!In full: This is a review for the 2010 race (only seems to go up to 2009 for some reason on the options). I can safely say I am so chuffed to have done this race but it was so, so tough!! I had trainers which were useless for the conditions.It seemed that there were a lot of club runners but beginners were welcome. The support from the town was great with marshalls appearing on even the toughest parts of the course. Seeing the train was fun but I was a tad over it the 4th time I saw it and was never going to beat it!!Shame the showers weren't working at the end, great goody bag and definitely a race to do once in your lifetime. Date of review: September 3, 2010
In short: Great race...but very painful!Date of review: September 17, 2006
In short: treachorous conditions, but worth itDate of review: August 28, 2006
In short: back for more next yearIn full: well, the heatwave certainly didn't arrive, and that meant great fun sloshing around in the mud instead of sunburn for a change.great race as usual, marshalls were incredibly cheerful when considering that they were standing in the rain for hours.a couple of minor grumbles though - all on the pre race admin sides1. no acknowledgement of entry recieved - an e mail to say "you're in, you mad fool" would suffice to ensure it wasn't a wasted journey.2. spectators train tickets - it wasn't made clear that you had to pick up tickets from tent, and this meant rushing back from station to get them - previous years tickets were included in race pack.3. no marshalls for parking area - had to drive round town looking for side streetsrace itself can't be faulted - everyone should try itDate of review: August 28, 2006
In short: Weather atrocious this year which makes me want to do it when the sun shines, excellent water stations & marshalling, tough course though.Date of review: August 25, 2006
In short: I'll beat it next yearDate of review: August 24, 2006
In short: the mutt's nutsDate of review: August 24, 2006
In short: Fantastic race In full: Great race, well organsied and lots of fun. I'll definately be back next year.Only gripe - 5 days on and the results still aren't up.Date of review: August 24, 2006
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