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Cite Chapter
Okoli, Chitu and Kevin Carillo. "Intellectual Property Rights in Open Source Software Communities."
Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies.
IGI Global, 2006. 285-290. Web. 24 Jan. 2017. doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-563-4.ch054
Okoli, C., & Carillo, K. (2006). Intellectual Property Rights in Open Source Software Communities. In S. Dasgupta (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies
(pp. 285-290). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-563-4.ch054
Okoli, Chitu and Kevin Carillo. "Intellectual Property Rights in Open Source Software Communities." In
Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies,
ed. Subhasish Dasgupta, 285-290 (2006), accessed January 24, 2017. doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-563-4.ch054
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InfoSci-Media and Communication Science and Technology
InfoSci-Social Sciences and Online Behavior
Intellectual Property Rights in Open Source Software Communities
Chitu Okoli (Concordia University, Canada) and Kevin Carillo (Concordia University, Canada)
Source Title:
Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies
© 2006
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Intellectual property is an old concept, with the first recorded instances of patents (1449) and copyrights (1662) both occurring in England ("Intellectual property", Wikipedia, 2004). The first piece of software was submitted for copyright to the United States Copyright Office in 1961, and was accepted as copyrightable under existing copyright law (Hollaar, 2002). The open source movement has relied upon controversial intellectual property rights that are rooted in the overall history of software development (Lerner & Tirole, 2002; von Hippel & von Krogh, 2003). By defining specific legal mechanisms and designing various software licenses, the open source phenomenon has successfully proposed an alternative software development model whose approach to the concept of intellectual property is quite different from that taken by traditional proprietary software. A separate article in this encyclopedia treats open source software communities in general as a type of virtual community. This article takes a historical approach to examining how the intellectual property rights that have protected free/open source software have contributed towards the formation and evolution of virtual communities whose central focus is software projects based on the open source model.
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Chapter 1
Biometrics in Virtual Communities and Digital Governments
(pages 1-3)
Chang-Tsun Li
Pervasive services of virtual communities and digital governments are achievable only if trust, privacy and security can be secured and...
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Biometrics in Virtual Communities and Digital Governments
Chapter 2
Building Trust in Virtual Communities
(pages 4-9)
István Mezgar
Information processing and communication technologies are developing so rapidly today that it can said that there is a communication technology...
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Building Trust in Virtual Communities
Chapter 3
Business Advantage of Community Knowledge
(pages 10-12)
Henry de Vos, Carla Verwijs
Many examples are known of companies that have established communities (Siemens, IBM, Shell, Unilever). Mostly, these communities have an internal...
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Business Advantage of Community Knowledge
Chapter 4
Business Applications of Virtual Communities
(pages 13-17)
Susan A. Baim
In studying the broad spectrum of business-focused virtual communities in operation on the Internet today, there are two categorizations that are...
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Business Applications of Virtual Communities
Chapter 5
Cancer Patient-to-Patient Online Discussion Groups
(pages 18-21)
Roy Rada
Three high-level observations set the stage: • Cancer is a major cause of death • Health-related concerns drive the greatest use of the Internet...
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Cancer Patient-to-Patient Online Discussion Groups
Chapter 6
Codes of Ethics in Virtual Communities
(pages 22-28)
Cãlin Gurau
The development of the World Wide Web has created new opportunities for interpersonal interaction. The Internet allows one-to-one (e-mail)...
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Codes of Ethics in Virtual Communities
Chapter 7
Collaboration, Communication, and Learning in a Virtual Community
(pages 29-35)
Seungyeon Han, Janette R. Hill
The use of the World Wide Web (Web) for teaching and learning in higher education has increased exponentially in the last five years. Traditional...
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Collaboration, Communication, and Learning in a Virtual Community
Chapter 8
Collaborative Information Management System for Science Domains
(pages 36-41)
Ozgul Unal, Ersin C. Kaletas, Hamideh Afsarmanesh, H. Hakan Yakali, Louis O. Hertzberger
With the increasing need for collaboration in different science domains, a lot of research activities are now focused on the mechanisms and...
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Collaborative Information Management System for Science Domains
Chapter 9
Communicating in Synchronous Text-Based Virtual Communities
(pages 42-48)
Lynne D. Roberts, Leigh M. Smith, Clare M. Pollock
The Internet provides access to a range of virtual communities accessible by individuals across the world. While social interaction is likely to be...
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Communicating in Synchronous Text-Based Virtual Communities
Chapter 10
Computer-Mediated Communication in Virtual Learning Communities
(pages 49-53)
Lisa Link, Daniela Wagner
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) can be simply defined as "communication that takes place between human beings via the instrumentality of...
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Computer-Mediated Communication in Virtual Learning Communities
Chapter 11
Converting Online Community Visitors into Online Consumers
(pages 54-60)
Lee Moh Shan, Juliana Sutanto, Atreyi Kankanhalli
Virtual communities have been studied using various perspectives (Hagel & Armstrong, 1997; Jones, 1998; Rheingold, 1993). Amongst these, Hagel and...
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Converting Online Community Visitors into Online Consumers
Chapter 12
Copyright Protection in Virtual Communities through Digital Watermarking
(pages 61-65)
Huayin Si, Chang-Tsun Li
Although the development of multimedia processing techniques has facilitated the enrichment of information content, and the never-ending expansion...
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Copyright Protection in Virtual Communities through Digital Watermarking
Chapter 13
Copyright Protection through Digital Watermarking
(pages 66-72)
Farook Sattar, Dan Yu
Today, the Internet is a worldwide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination and a medium for collaboration and interaction...
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Copyright Protection through Digital Watermarking
Chapter 14
Creating Telepresence in Virtual Mediated Environments
(pages 73-77)
Sana Debbabi, Serge Baile
Why examine the concept of telepresence? A number of emerging technologies, including virtual reality, simulation, home theater, state-of-the-art...
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Creating Telepresence in Virtual Mediated Environments
Chapter 15
Cross-Disciplinary Learning in Virtual Teams
(pages 78-81)
Scott P. Schaffer, Therese M. Schmidt
The prevalence of global software development and new product development teams is on the increase, and such teams face unique challenges...
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Cross-Disciplinary Learning in Virtual Teams
Chapter 16
Cross-Disciplinary Virtual Design Teams
(pages 82-86)
Scott P. Schaffer, Melissa Lee Price, Therese M. Schmidt
Software development teams that work together well, particularly those that can operate virtually, are an enormous competitive advantage for...
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Cross-Disciplinary Virtual Design Teams
Chapter 17
Cultural Diversity and the Digital Divide
(pages 87-94)
Eulace Scott Rhoten
"Since ancient times philosophers, politicians, and social critics have debated the nature of community" (Parrish, 2002, p. 260; Bunn, 1998)....
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Cultural Diversity and the Digital Divide
Chapter 18
Cultural Presence
(pages 95-101)
Erik M. Champion
In many text-based virtual communities, confusion exists between the notion of social presence and cultural presence. While social presence may be...
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Cultural Presence
Chapter 19
Culture in Virtual Communities
(pages 102-104)
Li Xiao
With exponential growth of virtual communities, more and more studies are carried out to examine how they change people's life (Bieber et al., 2002;...
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Culture in Virtual Communities
Chapter 20
Cyber Rhetoric and Online Ethos
(pages 105-109)
Kirk St. Amant
Online media often create new communication situations. That is, few formal rules govern cyberspace exchanges. For this reason, participants in...
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Cyber Rhetoric and Online Ethos
Chapter 21
(pages 110-115)
Josh Lepawsky, Kyonghwan Park
Cyberspace is the geographies made possible by the adoption of computer technologies into everyday life. At first, this broad description and its...
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Chapter 22
Defining "Virtual Community"
(pages 116-120)
Catherine M. Ridings
The rise of the Internet has spawned the prolific use of the adjective "virtual." Both the popular press and scholarly researchers have written...
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Defining "Virtual Community"
Chapter 23
Detecting and Responding to Online Deception
(pages 121-124)
Neil C. Rowe
An important problem in online communities is detection of deception by their members. Deception is a form of manipulation, and can have many varied...
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Detecting and Responding to Online Deception
Chapter 24
Developing Virtual Communities in Transition Economies
(pages 125-130)
Panagiotis Damaskopoulos, Rimantas Gatautis
This article explores key sets of drivers of formation of virtual communities in transition economies with particular reference to recent...
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Developing Virtual Communities in Transition Economies
Chapter 25
Differences in the Use of Media Across Cultures
(pages 131-132)
Karen South Moustafa
It has been estimated that managers spend the majority of their day in face-to-face communication (McKinnon & Bruns, 1992; Rice & Shook, 1990), and...
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Differences in the Use of Media Across Cultures
Chapter 26
Discussing Health Issues on the Internet
(pages 133-139)
Jane Moon
This article provides an overview of the trend in Internet usage; in particular, the trend that relates particularly to health-information-seeking...
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Discussing Health Issues on the Internet
Chapter 27
Distance Learning Applications Using Virtual Communities
(pages 140-144)
Susan A. Baim
On many college and university campuses, the use of distance learning continues to grow with academic courses and programs that have all, or at...
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Distance Learning Applications Using Virtual Communities
Chapter 28
Draw to Participate in Virtual Communities
(pages 145-149)
Susan A. Baim
Over the last decade, the Internet has emerged as an important channel for marketing products and/or services to consumers around the world....
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Draw to Participate in Virtual Communities
Chapter 29
E-Commerce Product Selection and Evaluation Services
(pages 150-155)
Sheng-Uei Guan
Despite the rapid growth of e-commerce and the hype surrounding it, the potential of the Internet for truly transforming commerce is largely...
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E-Commerce Product Selection and Evaluation Services
Chapter 30
Effective Virtual Working though Communities of Practice
(pages 156-160)
Chris Kimble, Feng Li
Globalization is an issue currently affecting many organizations and is one that has profound consequences for the nature of work (Karimi &...
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Effective Virtual Working though Communities of Practice
Chapter 31
(pages 161-165)
David Gurr
Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) are changing organizations, with old practices being altered and new practices, spaces...
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Chapter 32
E-Learning Models
(pages 166-173)
Eulace Scott Rhoten
As global e-learning grows, all types of organizations are getting involved. - Kaplan Although distance learning is not for everyone, many have...
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E-Learning Models
Chapter 33
E-Learning vs. Traditional Teaching Methods
(pages 174-178)
Chris Blackmore, Emmy van Deurzen, Diby Tantam
We have conducted a series of action research projects on elearning in recent years, funded by grants from the European Commission. The SEPT project...
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E-Learning vs. Traditional Teaching Methods
Chapter 34
An Electronic Auction Service Framework Based on Mobile Software Agents
(pages 179-187)
Sheng-Uei Guan
With electronic commerce revolutionizing the traditional way of doing business, electronic auction service has been one of the many business models...
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An Electronic Auction Service Framework Based on Mobile Software Agents
Chapter 35
Electronic Networks of Practice and Communities of Practice
(pages 188-192)
Robin Teigland, Molly McLure Wasko
Recent advances in ICT have led to the emergence of online social structures where the primary purpose is knowledge exchange. Using...
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Electronic Networks of Practice and Communities of Practice
Chapter 36
Engaging Organisational Culture to Overcome Social Barriers in Virtual Communites
(pages 193-197)
Anzela Huq
Recent trends in the technical development of information systems and their implementation have influenced academics to focus on specific aspects...
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Engaging Organisational Culture to Overcome Social Barriers in Virtual Communites
Chapter 37
Establishing and Sustaining Trust in Virtual Organizations
(pages 198-203)
Jing Wang, Kholekile Gwebu
The past decade has seen dramatic changes in the modern organization with virtual organizations (VOs) becoming an increasingly common form of...
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Establishing and Sustaining Trust in Virtual Organizations
Chapter 38
Ethics of Deception in Virtual Communities
(pages 204-206)
Neil C. Rowe
Deception is an infrequent but inevitable part of human social interaction. Deception fulfills important human social needs despite its...
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Ethics of Deception in Virtual Communities
Chapter 39
Examining Social Structure in an Electronic Network of Practice
(pages 207-212)
Molly McLure Wasko, Robin Tiegland
Recent advances in IS have led to the development of electronic networks that enable thousands of geographically dispersed individuals, who are...
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Examining Social Structure in an Electronic Network of Practice
Chapter 40
Extending Online Communities through Virtual Parrallell Systems
(pages 213-217)
Chu Jong, Pruthikrai Mahatanankoon
Internet technology has extended human social interactions across geographical boundaries. Using information and communication technology (ICT) as...
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Extending Online Communities through Virtual Parrallell Systems
Chapter 41
Government Applications of Virtual Communities
(pages 218-222)
Susan A. Baim
Local, state and federal governments face a continuing need to supply increased amounts of information to their constituencies. Requests for...
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Government Applications of Virtual Communities
Chapter 42
Grey Market Informatics
(pages 223-227)
Kirk St. Amand
International outsourcing often involves virtual communities in which globally dispersed co-workers use online media to collaborate on projects....
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Grey Market Informatics
Chapter 43
Groupware and Team Aware
(pages 228-231)
Mohamed Daassi, Marc Favier
A well-known drawback of groupware systems is that they focus on technical aspects and neglect social aspects of technology use. Designers simply...
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Groupware and Team Aware
Chapter 44
How an Association Evolved Using Communities of Practice
(pages 232-237)
Anne Zender
Communities of practice have always existed in some form. However, it was not until the late 20th century that they entered the lexicon of business....
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How an Association Evolved Using Communities of Practice
Chapter 45
Human Resources and Knowledge Management Based on E-Democracy
(pages 238-242)
Niki Lambropoulos
Correspondence between everyday and scientific life is a blessing (Warren & Jahoda, 1966). Although virtual communities are nowadays widely...
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Human Resources and Knowledge Management Based on E-Democracy
Chapter 46
Hyperlink Analysis
(pages 243-247)
Mike Thelwall
Links between Web pages can be used as a source of information with which to identify types of Web based communities for which interlinking is...
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Hyperlink Analysis
Chapter 47
ICT, CoLs, CoPs, and Virtual Communities
(pages 248-252)
Antonio Cartelli
Every day, information and communication technologies (ICT) are extending their influence on knowing and transmitting knowledge. They act on...
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ICT, CoLs, CoPs, and Virtual Communities
Chapter 48
Implications of Virtual Schooling for Socialization and Community
(pages 253-257)
Glenn Russel
This article discusses virtual schools. It examines reasons for their growth, and relates criticism and support of virtual schools to the purposes...
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Implications of Virtual Schooling for Socialization and Community
Chapter 49
Improving Discussion in Virtual Communities
(pages 258-260)
William Brescia
Recently, several strategies have been suggested for supporting and improving virtual discussions (Brescia, 2003; Bonk, Angeli, Malikowski, &...
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Improving Discussion in Virtual Communities
Chapter 50
Influence on Knowledge Construction
(pages 261-265)
Antonio Cartelli
It is well known that computers, information technology (IT), and information and communication technology (ICT) strongly influenced individuals and...
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Influence on Knowledge Construction
Chapter 51
Information Integrity for CRM in a Virtual World
(pages 266-272)
Piyush Malik
As the Internet explosion has opened the doors to unprecedented avenues of e-Business for companies big and small, Customer Relationship Management...
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Information Integrity for CRM in a Virtual World
Chapter 52
Information Navigation and Knowledge Discovery in Virtual Communities
(pages 273-278)
Wenyuan Li, Kok-Leong Ong
Over the past decade, advances in the Internet and media technology have literally brought people closer than ever before. It is interesting to note...
Sample PDF
Information Navigation and Knowledge Discovery in Virtual Communities
Chapter 53
Integration Visualization Techniques in Groupware Interfaces
(pages 279-284)
Mohamed Daassi, Chaouki Daassi, Marc Favier
Problems attributed to uncertainty and a lack of visibility about others' activities and behaviors have led designers of multi-user interfaces to...
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Integration Visualization Techniques in Groupware Interfaces
Chapter 54
Intellectual Property Rights in Open Source Software Communities
(pages 285-290)
Chitu Okoli, Kevin Carillo
Intellectual property is an old concept, with the first recorded instances of patents (1449) and copyrights (1662) both occurring in England...
Sample PDF
Intellectual Property Rights in Open Source Software Communities
Chapter 55
Internet-Mediated Communities
(pages 291-295)
Carlo Gabriel Porto Bellini, Lilia Maria Vargas
Internet-mediated communities (IMCs) emerge when people (their members) share interests and make use for some time of the same class of Internet...
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Internet-Mediated Communities
Chapter 56
Investor Empowerment or Market Manipulation in Financial Virtual Communities
(pages 296-301)
John Campbell
As the Internet has become more accessible, there has been a substantial increase in the amount of investment advice and information that can be...
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Investor Empowerment or Market Manipulation in Financial Virtual Communities
Chapter 57
Mediacommunication Based on Application-Layer Multi-cast
(pages 302-307)
Gábor Hosszú
Collaborating and media-handling applications demand efficient and scalable methods for media streaming and group communication; however, such...
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Mediacommunication Based on Application-Layer Multi-cast
Chapter 58
The MENOS Organization
(pages 308-313)
A. Hassan, K. Henttonen, K. Blomqvist
Virtual forms of organizing are becoming ever more common forms of managing knowledge resources, because working in a virtual environment offers...
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The MENOS Organization
Chapter 59
Mobile Internet and Handheld Devices for Virtual Communities
(pages 314-320)
Wen-Chen Hu, Hung-Jen Yang, Jyh-haw Yeh
With the introduction of the Internet, virtual communities have revolutionized traditional communities and boosted sharing and exchanges of...
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Mobile Internet and Handheld Devices for Virtual Communities
Chapter 60
Modelling Stages of Behaviour in Social Virtual Communities
(pages 321-328)
Lynne D. Roberts, Leigh M. Smith, Clare M. Pollock
Once connected to the Internet, there is a myriad of virtual communities that an individual can connect to, interact within and become a member of....
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Modelling Stages of Behaviour in Social Virtual Communities
Chapter 61
MOOS as Virtual Communities
(pages 329-333)
Shannon Roper, Sharmila Pixy Ferris
Many researchers have observed that the Internet has changed the concept of virtual communities (Barnes, 2001, 2003; Jones, 1995, 1998; Rheingold...
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MOOS as Virtual Communities
Chapter 62
Motivation in Online Communities
(pages 334-337)
Patrick Waterson
The subject of how to encourage people to share their knowledge has long been a theme within the domain of knowledge management. Early studies...
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Motivation in Online Communities
Chapter 63
Online Consumer Behavior
(pages 338-342)
Ronald E. Goldsmith
One convenient way of describing consumer behavior both off-line and online is to present the topic as a model representing the steps typical...
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Online Consumer Behavior
Chapter 64
Online Deception Types
(pages 343-345)
Neil C. Rowe
Like all societies, online communities can be victimized by deception by their members. It is helpful to identify the forms in which deception can...
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Online Deception Types
Chapter 65
Online Empathy
(pages 346-348)
Niki Lambropoulos
Scientific research on empathy started in the early 20th century. Only in 1992 did the development of cognitive neuroscience help di Pellegrino...
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Online Empathy
Chapter 66
Online Gaming
(pages 349-353)
Mark Griffiths, Mark N.O. Davies, Darren Chappell
Despite the rise of computer games as a leisure phenomenon, relatively little research has been conducted in this area. A majority of the research...
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Online Gaming
Chapter 67
Online Group Facilitation Skills
(pages 354-358)
Nancy White
Traditional face-to-face (F2F) group facilitation is a well-evolved practice. Roger Schwarz defined it as "a process in which a person who is...
Sample PDF
Online Group Facilitation Skills
Chapter 68
Online Social Networking for New Researched Opportunities
(pages 359-362)
Lionel Mew
Online Social Networking Web sites are Internet sites that facilitate building of personal social networks online. Young people throughout the...
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Online Social Networking for New Researched Opportunities
Chapter 69
Open Source Software Communities
(pages 363-367)
Kevin Carillo, Chitu Okoli
Open source software (OSS) development has continued to appear as a puzzling and enigmatic phenomenon and has drawn increasing attention as its...
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Open Source Software Communities
Chapter 70
Open-Source Software Issues
(pages 368-371)
Sofiane Sahraoui
Two major research publications have recently dedicated special issues to the emerging field of OSS (Research policy, 2003; Management Science...
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Open-Source Software Issues
Chapter 71
Peer-to-Peer Technology for File Sharing
(pages 372-377)
S. H. Kwok, Y. M. Cheung, K. Y. Chan
A recent survey revealed that 18 millions American Internet users, or approximately 14% of total American Internet population have peer-to-peer...
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Peer-to-Peer Technology for File Sharing
Chapter 72
Peer-to-Peer Wireless Network Confederation
(pages 378-381)
Elias C. Efstathiou, George C. Polyzos
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ratified the initial version of the standard for Wireless Local Area Networks known as...
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Peer-to-Peer Wireless Network Confederation
Chapter 73
Peer-to-Peer-Based Collaboration for Virtual Communities
(pages 382-386)
Odej Kao, Ulf Rerrer
Internet applications nowadays are part of our everyday life. Gathering information from any networked site in the world, exchanging documents...
Sample PDF
Peer-to-Peer-Based Collaboration for Virtual Communities
Chapter 74
Predicting Activity Levels in Virtual Communities
(pages 387-389)
Ori B. Kushnir
Data was collected from two communities: a smaller community with approximately 200 participants, but where the number of participants is precisely...
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Predicting Activity Levels in Virtual Communities
Chapter 75
Psychological Sense of Community in Virtual Communities
(pages 390-396)
Lynne D. Roberts, Leigh M. Smith, Clare M. Pollock
Sense of community has traditionally been associated with groupings of people from geographical locations (e.g., villages, suburbs, towns, and...
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Psychological Sense of Community in Virtual Communities
Chapter 76
Racial Issues in the Virtual Classroom
(pages 397-401)
Alfred P. Rovai, Louis B. Gallien Jr.
Distance education has burgeoned over the past decade and it continues to rapidly expand. The National Center for Educational Statistics reports...
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Racial Issues in the Virtual Classroom
Chapter 77
Representing Virtual Communities for Advanced Services
(pages 402-404)
Miguel-Angel Sicilia, Elena Sanchez-Alonso
The Semantic Web vision described by Berners-Lee, Hendler and Lassila (2001) represents an approach to enhancing the current World Wide Web with...
Sample PDF
Representing Virtual Communities for Advanced Services
Chapter 78
Reusable Learning Resources for Virtual Learning Environments
(pages 405-408)
Miguel-Angel Sicilia, Elena Sanchez-Alonso
The evolution of Web-based learning has fostered the search for methods and technologies that enable a degree of reuse of learning contents and...
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Reusable Learning Resources for Virtual Learning Environments
Chapter 79
Sanctioning Mechanisms in Virtual Communities
(pages 409-413)
Elisa Bertino, Anna Cinzia Squicciarini, Elena Ferrari
A virtual community is a composition of heterogeneous and independently designed subsystems, sharing services, resources, information, and knowledge...
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Sanctioning Mechanisms in Virtual Communities
Chapter 80
Sociability and Usability for Active Participation
(pages 414-416)
Niki Lambropoulos
An online community is identified as a group of people who come together for a particular purpose guided by policies and supported by Computing...
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Sociability and Usability for Active Participation
Chapter 81
Social Impact of Virtual Networking
(pages 417-423)
Hakikur Rahman
nformation has been defined as a set of data, facts, and figures that have been processed in such a way that they become meaningful. They make...
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Social Impact of Virtual Networking
Chapter 82
Success of Virtual Environments
(pages 424-427)
Benay P. Dara-Abrams
While work has been conducted across geographical distances as long as humans have been engaged in work, advances in technology as well as changes...
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Success of Virtual Environments
Chapter 83
Supporting a Virtual Community for the Elderly
(pages 428-433)
Luis M. Camarinha-Matos, Filipa Ferrada
An important application context for virtual communities is elderly care. One of the key challenges facing modern societies is the increasing speed...
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Supporting a Virtual Community for the Elderly
Chapter 84
Technology-Based Models
(pages 434-438)
Linda A. Brown
Asynchronous Learning Networks (ALNs) are based upon communication between people that does not occur simultaneously. The most familiar examples of...
Sample PDF
Technology-Based Models
Chapter 85
Telework and the Academic Librarian
(pages 439-442)
Jo Ann Calzonetti, Aimée de Chambeau
College and university faculty and students prefer the convenience of anytime, anyplace access to scholarly materials when conducting research and...
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Telework and the Academic Librarian
Chapter 86
Trust Between Managers and Subordinates in Virtual Communities
(pages 443-444)
Karen South Moustafa
Trust is a relationship between individuals. It requires that one individual believe that the other person or an idea is is ethical based on ethical...
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Trust Between Managers and Subordinates in Virtual Communities
Chapter 87
Trust in B2B E-Commerce Virtual Communities
(pages 445-448)
Eric Turner
In any virtual community, issues of trust can dictate the level of interaction among participants within that community. In business-to-business...
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Trust in B2B E-Commerce Virtual Communities
Chapter 88
Trust in Virtual Communities
(pages 449-451)
Eun G. Park
Trust is one of the key factors that emerged as a significant concept in virtual communities. Trust is so complicated that it is hard to define in...
Sample PDF
Trust in Virtual Communities
Chapter 89
Trust in Virtual Organizations
(pages 452-456)
István Mezgar
Based on the results of the information and communications technologies (ICTs), a new "digital" economy is arising. This new economy needs a new set...
Sample PDF
Trust in Virtual Organizations
Chapter 90
Understanding Knowledge Bases and Building Membership in Virtual Communities
(pages 457-461)
Susan A. Baim
With the exception of virtual communities that exist solely for purposes of social interaction, members of a virtual community are generally...
Sample PDF
Understanding Knowledge Bases and Building Membership in Virtual Communities
Chapter 91
Understanding Virtual Communities in Online Games
(pages 462-467)
Kyonghwan Park, Josh Lepawsky
Along with rapid innovations in IT technology for the last few decades, the world of online games has emerged as one of the most exemplary and...
Sample PDF
Understanding Virtual Communities in Online Games
Chapter 92
User Acceptance of Virtual Technologies
(pages 468-473)
Heshan Sun, Xue Xiao
Driven by market competitiveness enhancement, service improvement, and working effectiveness promotion, more and more organizations have realized...
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User Acceptance of Virtual Technologies
Chapter 93
User Trust in BBS Comunities
(pages 474-477)
Hung Chim
The Bulletin Board System (BBS), when it first appeared in the middle 1970s, was essentially "a personal computer, not necessarily an expensive one...
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User Trust in BBS Comunities
Chapter 94
Virtual Campus of Nanyan Technological University
(pages 478-481)
Alexei Sourin
Nanyang in Chinese means "south seas"¾a reference to the Southeast Asian region. Back in the 1940s and 1950s, many Chinese from mainland China...
Sample PDF
Virtual Campus of Nanyan Technological University
Chapter 95
Virtual Collaborative Design
(pages 482-486)
Aybüke Aurum, Oya Demirbilek
As we enter the third millennium, many organizations are forced to constantly pursue new strategies to differentiate themselves from their...
Sample PDF
Virtual Collaborative Design
Chapter 96
Virtual Communities and Local Youth E-Democracy
(pages 487-492)
Kosonen Miia, Cavén-Pöysä Outi, Kirsimarja Blomqvist
E-democracy, digital democracy, and e-government are all phenomena that are developing together with ICT sector growth and rapid public-service...
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Virtual Communities and Local Youth E-Democracy
Chapter 97
Virtual Communities and Social Capital Theory
(pages 493-496)
Catherine M. Ridings
Imagine a neighborhood where young children can play freely in the streets and various backyards without direct parental oversight, the implication...
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Virtual Communities and Social Capital Theory
Chapter 98
Virtual Communities and the Alignment of Web Ontologies
(pages 497-499)
Krzysztof Juszczyszyn
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a global, ubiquitous, and fundamentally dynamic environment for information exchange and processing. By connecting vast...
Sample PDF
Virtual Communities and the Alignment of Web Ontologies
Chapter 99
Virtual Communities for Development
(pages 500-505)
Deidra Fryer, Eric Turner
Americans, and to some extension, the greater world, appear to have an obsession with celebrity. We often find ourselves defined not by our deeds...
Sample PDF
Virtual Communities for Development
Chapter 100
Virtual Communities' Impact on Politics
(pages 506-510)
Vasanthi Srinivasan
Virtual community (VC) as a concept and reality poses some fundamental challenges to the discipline of politics. First, the term virtual undermines...
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Virtual Communities' Impact on Politics
Chapter 101
Virtual Communities in MBA
(pages 511-514)
Françoise Dushinka Brailovsky Signoret
Have you ever felt desperate because of mutually inclusive demands on your time? For example: You have to meet with your case group for a Master of...
Sample PDF
Virtual Communities in MBA
Chapter 102
Virtual Communities in Banking Customer Retention
(pages 515-519)
Dimitris Dardaras, Bill Karakostas
Although it is difficult to measure the e-commerce economy precisely, its size is estimated to be relatively small (some $26 billion United States)...
Sample PDF
Virtual Communities in Banking Customer Retention
Chapter 103
Virtual Communities Wish List
(pages 520-523)
James Isaak
Experience with virtual communities such as Yahoo Groups, Community Zero, Blackboard and WebCT and working with ad hoc and formal groups (such as...
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Virtual Communities Wish List
Chapter 104
Virtual Community as New Marketing Channel
(pages 524-526)
Chingning Wang, Kangning Wei, Michelle L. Kaarst-Brown
Virtual community is a virtual meeting place where individuals with common areas of interests share information, ideas, experiences, and feelings...
Sample PDF
Virtual Community as New Marketing Channel
Chapter 105
Virtual Community Models in Relation to E-Business Models
(pages 527-532)
Lee Moh Shan, Juliana Sutanto, Atreyi Kankanhalli, Bernard C.Y. Tan
Virtual communities were initially recognized as social phenomena. This is evident from the definition of virtual community as "a social aggregation...
Sample PDF
Virtual Community Models in Relation to E-Business Models
Chapter 106
Virtual Community Sustainability
(pages 533-538)
Ta-Tao Chuang
The last decade has witnessed the remarkable transformation of social networks in which people communicate and associate with one another via the...
Sample PDF
Virtual Community Sustainability
Chapter 107
Virtual Marketplace for Agent-Based Electronic Commerce
(pages 539-546)
Sheng-Uei Guan
With the ever-increasing amount of available online resources in general, information overload has become a very real problem. One possible solution...
Sample PDF
Virtual Marketplace for Agent-Based Electronic Commerce
Chapter 108
Virtual Organizing Online Communities in Support of Knowledge Synthesis
(pages 547-555)
Kam Hou Vat
A central issue in the practice of organizational learning concerns the relation between knowledge of individuals and knowledge on the level of an...
Sample PDF
Virtual Organizing Online Communities in Support of Knowledge Synthesis
Chapter 109
Virtual Places
(pages 556-561)
Erik M. Champion
Communities identify and are identified by not just the clothes they wear or by the language they speak, or even by the way they greet each other....
Sample PDF
Virtual Places
Chapter 110
Virtual Reality Technology in Computer-Aided Production Engineering
(pages 562-565)
Vladimír Modrák, Jozef Novák Marcincin
After applications of virtual reality (VR) in the realm of flight simulators and computer games a need to exercise these technologies in industry is...
Sample PDF
Virtual Reality Technology in Computer-Aided Production Engineering
Chapter 111
Virtual Reality User Acceptance
(pages 566-569)
Françoise Dushinka Brailovsky Signoret
"Nothing can be loved or hated unless it is first known" (da Vinci, quoted by Powell, 2004, p.1). As human beings, we are always afraid about the...
Sample PDF
Virtual Reality User Acceptance
Chapter 112
Virtual Teams Classification
(pages 570-573)
Kangning Wei, Chingning Wang
It is a considerable challenge for most of today's organizations to cope with the rapidly changing business environment, such as global competition...
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Virtual Teams Classification
Chapter 113
Virtually Finding Community in the Third Space
(pages 574-577)
Samantha Bax
The Internet has enabled individuals to communicate across continents and also through temporal spaces, making both place and time irrelevant to...
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Virtually Finding Community in the Third Space
Chapter 114
Web Services and Virtual Communities
(pages 578-583)
Qingyu Zhang
With the escalating need for global and flexible interactions in an increasingly networked society, virtual communities as a new model are becoming...
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Web Services and Virtual Communities
Chapter 115
Web-Based Knowledge Management Model
(pages 584-589)
Pei-Di Shen, Chia-Wen Tsai
Knowledge is a limitless resource in the knowledge-based economy; therefore, organizations should learn, store, transfer and apply knowledge to add...
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Web-Based Knowledge Management Model
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Translation of "go/swim against the tide" - English-Traditional Chinese dictionary
(Translation of "go/swim against the tide" from the Cambridge English-Chinese (Traditional) Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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Word of the Day
to be successful in the work that you do

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Carol Jason shows a rare book formerly owned by William Jason Sr. which contains the institution's College Catalogues from 1893 to 1918.
A new endowment has been set up by a descendant of William C. Jason, the longest serving president in the history of DSU.
Williams C. Jason III and his wife Bertha Carol Jason presented a display check to DSU President Harry L. Williams representing a $10,000 endowment in a ceremony in the William C. Jason Library on Dec. 19.
The Mr. and Mrs. William C. Jason Endowment will go toward the support of general operation of the William C. Jason Library at DSU.
William C. Jason Sr. was the president of the then-State College for Colored Students from 1895 to 1923.


text:
On first glance, New York dream-pop duo School of Seven Bells seems to spend as much time finding pretentious ways to present themselves (geometric hair, band abbreviation "SVIIB") as making music. But remove the aesthetic annoyances and find gorgeous, gleaming pop songs propelled by frenetic rhythm — the sound of ice moving at the speed of light. Although new album "Ghostory" finds the former trio minus one identical twin sister, remaining members Benjamin Curtis of Secret Machines (Remember them?) and Alejandra Deheza of On! Air! Library! (Remember them? No?) clearly make a good team.
Indiana shoegaze punks Stagnant Pools make a sweet opening act for Saturday's gig at the Wex.


text:
SHENYANG, China(AP) Belgium football coach Jean Francois De Sart knows his team is a heavy underdog at the Beijing Olympics.
``The team is fit, every player is ready for the start of the tournament and we hope to have good results,'' he said. ``But we know that we drew on a very strong group, with Brazil as the favorite.''
Belgium will face the Brazilians on Thursday in the Group C opener in Shenyang. It will play China on Sunday in Shenyang and close group play against New Zealand in Shanghai next Wednesday.
``It's a very difficult group, but hopefully we can create problems to every team,'' De Sart said. ``We don't have a lot of pressure. It's a pleasure for us to be here. We have young players and they are here to gain experience and improve for the future.''
Belgium won gold at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, but hadn't qualified for the competition since 1928.


text:
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size 1
Calories 380
Total Fat 23 g
Saturated Fat 4 g
Sodium 407 mg
Total Carbohydrate 6.5 g
Dietary Fiber 2 g
Protein 35.5 g
Ingredients and Preparation
Ingredients Measures
Salmon filet, cut into ¾-inch cubes ¾ pound
Reduced sodium soy sauce 1 teaspoon + 2 teaspoons
Fresh ginger, grated 1 teaspoon
Rice wine vinegar 1 tablespoon
Canola oil 2 teaspoons
Garlic, minced 2 cloves
Snow peas ½ cup
Trimmed scallions, cut into 1-inch pieces 4
Water 1 tablespoon
- Combine salmon, soy sauce, ginger, and rice wine vinegar in a resealable plastic bag. Toss to combine and marinate for 30 minutes to 1 hour in the refrigerator.
- Heat oil in a wok or large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat. Add salmon, discarding any excess marinade first, and stir-fry for 4-5 minutes, or until cooked through. Transfer to a plate.
- Add garlic and vegetables and cook for 2-3 minutes, until tender-crisp. Add salmon back in and also add water and remaining 2 teaspoons of soy sauce.


text:
>Runner's World - My Event Ratings>
In short: Wet wet wet!In full: I think this was Norwich number 6 or 7 for me and definitely the worst conditions I've ever raced in...worse even than the gales 2 years ago. But I have to thank all the organisers and especially the marshals for standing out there in that horrendous rain and giving shout outs for all the runners - brilliant!I wasn't that taken by the change in course....the hill seemed a lot steeper, and we had more of the muddy grass to run on in the show ground at the half way point. It also meant more of the show ground before the finish. But overall this is a great race, and would be pretty fast if the conditions were better. Date of review: November 24, 2014
In short: Excellent race, well organised, great preparation for a Spring marathonIn full: 3rd year running this, and it never disappoints. 8 minute PB as well which can't be bad! The marshals were excellent, always encouraging....and I loved the comment from the little girl who handed me my mug at the end "You were awesome"!!! Date of review: March 7, 2011
In short: Hills not as bad as I had feared...and of course what goes up must come down!In full: First time for this race, and I had worried about it as hills are not really my thing...but I didn't think they were that bad all in all, and I loved the long downhill sections!I liked the fact that the race HQ was a way from the start as it was a good chance to warm up. And thankfully they started the race with very little pre-amble. Price was steep though.Date of review: November 22, 2010
In short: Flat and fast course - good event all roundIn full: The main road section was long but overall the course was good, with no real hilly bits to speak of. Excellent marshalling and organisation. Waited a long time for the results, but I took home a trophy for first F40 and a shiny new PB so I am definitely not complaining! Date of review: May 18, 2010
In short: Excellent race, superbly organised and supported, with some challenging hills thrown inIn full: My third marathon, having run London twice, and I enjoyed this so much more. 12 minutes off my PB too so I am really chuffed...especially as I thought those hills were going to be the end of me second time round. Wore a tee shirt with my name on it, and that was a huge boost as I got so many cheers from marshals, competitors and spectators, like those at the pubs on the way round!My only small gripe would have been the water - really hard to drink enough out of the plastic cups. Small bottles would have been best...but it is only a small gripe!Date of review: April 19, 2010
In short: Super race yet againIn full: Loved this race, 2nd year for me and it was worth the drive down from East Anglia. Hills weren't too bad, and I love the downhill finish!Only criticism would be the traffic at the finish, coupled with the fact that to get water at the end you had to double back across the road again - so too many people milling around made it a crowded weave to get to the finish line. Not sure why they didn't have water beyond the finish line as there was plenty of room.Date of review: March 30, 2010
In short: Lovely race, friendly marshals, will come back next year!In full: Really enjoyed this yet again. Change of course was a positive. Could have done with chocolate or cereal bar in the goody bag rather than gel, but the hat will come in handy!Date of review: March 8, 2010
In short: Great race, well organised and a fast course (even in the heat!)In full: Really enjoyed this - surprised the turnout was low though, but the heat may have had something to do with that. But the course had a lot of shade throughout and a nice breeze. Good organisation - especially laying on the extra loos at the start! Didn't mind the distance to the start - nice warm up/cool down. Will definitely be back again next year.Date of review: June 16, 2009
In short: Most enjoyable race I've done in ages!In full: I was nervous about this - have never run 21 miles before and wasn't sure how hilly it would be. In the end I had a great time - really nice course, and the hills were not bad at all - specially as they all pretty much had a downhill straight after!Excellent marshalling, well supported in places - including one family where the kids were banging drums, and of course those jelly babies! I'd agree with the comments about the section through the carpark - and there were a few cars trying to get through the road at the end which were difficult to get round, but overall I couldn't really fault this.Date of review: March 30, 2009
In short: Great race - could have done without that wind though!In full: 2nd time I have done this, but first time in 3 years. I'd forgotten about the hill coming back into town at around 18 miles - that was tough! Thanks to all the marshals who cheered me on - I was wearing number 1! Disappointed with the bag at the end.Date of review: March 9, 2009
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text:
UV is short for "ultraviolet" light. It refers to light beyond the range of human vision, at the short end of the spectrum. UV-C is short wave germicidal radiation, ≤ 290 nm and has no role in photobiology of natural sunlight. UV-C is very intense at a short distance which is why it is an extremely effective anti-microbial technology, but also why proximity of water to the light is critical to effective treatment.
UV-C (Ultraviolet C) light destroys microbe DNA of all sizes including: bacteria, Protozoan Cyst (Cryptosporidium), and water-borne viruses. Destroying the microbe DNA prevents reproduction. Without the capability of reproducing, the microbes are neutralized and rendered harmless.
Used as directed, All Clear will not cause UV exposure to the user, so it is completely safe to use. UV-C will not pass through most materials including Tritan. As a result, when the All Clear cap is in operation while on the bottle, the UV-C light is extremely well contained. Note: We do recommend that you do not power up the All Clear cap when not on the bottle, which is why we programmed the unit to require a forceful and intentional 2 second press of the on/off button to power it up. If the All Clear cap is powered on when not on the bottle, avoid exposure to eyes and skin.
The All Clear uses a U.S. manufactured, custom designed CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp). The primary advantages of a CCFL are that they are powerful lamps in terms of output which is critical to effectiveness while also offering consistent energy output over time, and being energy efficient. Our primary competitor also offers a CCFL, the difference between ours and theirs is our custom shape which is designed to optimize transmission in our bottle.
The All Clear bulb emits a number of wavelengths of light, some of which are in the visible range. The visible light that the All Clear gives off is just that, visible light – not UV. The visible light has no germicidal effect, but it is an important indicator that the lamp is functioning properly. If no light is visible then, the lamp is malfunctioning.


text:
Monday, March 19
- Howie Klein: We challenge the DCCC to take on Paul Ryan -- for real this time
- James Rowen: That sound in Wisconsin's spring air? The Walker stall
- Rick Esenberg: What was Judicial Commission thinking?
- Cathy Stepp: Tribal fishing agreement should not exceed capacity to produce fish
- Steve Strieker: Collective bargaining is vital to public education
- Rob Henken: A closer look at non-instructional expenditures in suburban school districts
- Chris Liebenthal: Walker's education cuts failed students this year and will be worse next year
- Mike Ford: The intangible benefits of professional sports
- Michael Leon: Wisconsin high court's ruling on voter ID cases will be historic
- Doug Hill : Health reform is already affecting you
- Jeff Simpson: Pure Republican hypocrisy
- Keith Roberts: Republican attack on Milwaukee Area Technical College Board moves Wisconsin backward
- Jim Rosenberg: Sen. Galloway punts on her recall; GOP loses majority
- Cory Liebmann: Prepare but don't fear CRG bluster
- Tom Giffey: Let the sun shine on what government does
- James Wigderson: A comment on open records
- Paul Fanlund: Failing on jobs, GOP's gender crusade signals new extreme
- Kevin Binversie: Wrong message, right intention
- Lena Taylor: War on women brought home to Wisconsin
- Joe Vanden Plas: Wisconsin Legislature bombs at the box office
- Charles Godfrey: End of legislative session points to partisanship
- Bill Kraus: Desparately seeking solutions
- Dave Zweifel: Of Schlitz beer, vitamin D and WARF
|All articles posted in the column above reflect the views of the authors, and these opinions are neither endorsed nor supported by WisOpinion.com.


text:
About Rush Thunder (TOPSoccer) and the Alaska Rush Thunder (TOPSoccer) JAMBOREE 2014 Presented by BP
Rush Thunder is a part of the Total Outreach Program for Soccer (TOPSoccer), which is designed to meet the needs of players with special abilities. The Rush Thunder program was established to promote the game of soccer within a unique segment of our club's community. The program, designed by Rush Directors and Coaches, consists of fun games and activities each day with at least 30 minutes of match play at the end. Players range in ages from 4 to young adult, both male and female.
The Alaska Rush Thunder (TOPSoccer) JAMBOREE 2014 Presented by BP is a one-day event which will offer an opportunity to players with special abilities to play soccer and participate in Alaska's largest youth soccer tournament, the Alaska Airlines Cup.
Each participant will receive a Rush Thunder t-shirt and Alaska Rush Bumper Sticker.
Rush Thunder (TOPSoccer) JAMBOREE 2014 Schedule:
Dates: June 7, 2014
Times: 12:30-1:30pm
Location: Kincaid Park Soccer Stadium
Cost: FREE
For more information on Rush Thunder (TOPSoccer), please visit HERE.
To register for the Alaska Rush Thunder (TOPSoccer) JAMBOREE 2014 Presented by BP, please complete the AYSA TOPSoccer Player Registration Form and e-mail Alaska Rush Technical Director Jason Leonardis.
Alaska Rush would like to thank BP for their generous support of the Alaksa Rush Thunder (TOPSoccer) program!
For more information on TOPSoccer, please visit the following useful links:


text:
iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: AU$0.01 (0% off)
Best and cheapest mascara I've tried
Posted by shopzilla on Jan 29, 2016
It goes on easily with minimal clumping. The texture is neither too pasty nor too runny. It stays put though it isn't waterproof. I actually forgot I had eye make up on and lightly rubbed my eye for a second or two, before remembering but the mascara didn't budge. I was impressed! It washes off easily and completely, has no weird smells and the price I paid for it, was frankly stupid cheap. Really no complaints. My go-to mascara from now on. If you find this review helpful, please click on the "Yes" button and click my username to read more reviews.Thanks and happy shopping!
i would give this six stars if i could!
Posted by shellloid on Oct 18, 2013
I LOVE elf products and am so happy that iherb has started stocking them. I live in New Zealand and elf products are hard to get hold of. I usually rely on family in the UK posting them over but now I can get a selection here (and at a slightly cheaper price with way cheaper shipping!). This mascara is my favourite - cheap, looks good, doesn't clump and totally vegan. Excellent!
Great, especially if you prefer a more natural look.
Posted by 4702903026970058616 on Apr 27, 2014
I bought this as a spare to my Urban Decay Lush Lash, which I love, because I don't want to take my expensive mascara travelling. This has turned out to give my other mascara a serious run for its money, and at about one tenth of the price of my usual mascara I can't find anything to fault this with. If you like big spidery lashes you might not like this or would need to apply at least 4 coats but if you prefer a natural look this is perfect. It's not waterproof, but it rinses off easily without the need for fancy makeup removers. Will definitely repurchase.
Posted by The-iHerbalist on Aug 10, 2016
Pros: -This Mineral infused Mascara has a super great brush! It makes my lashes look beautiful and very long. -The color is very black, it looks great and it brings out the color of my eyes alot. -It is Mineral infused, which is always very nice. -It doesn't clump (at least for me) and it isn't runny. -The price!!! where else would I find such a cheap product? -Vegan! Cons: -Even whan I don't touch my eyes at all, I can see it smudges around them. And quickly, too! I have to check myself in the mirror all of the time. If you found my review helpful, please vote yes. Have a lovely day and have fun shopping! :)
light weight and separating
Posted by 5719440760214590466 on Mar 11, 2014
This mascara gives a very light coat on the lids, does not add any volume at all. It separates very well and holds a curl decently, also does not smudge on me. It feels very light on the lashes, almost like not wearing any mascara at all. Also I like it on the lower lashes (because it is light-weight and separating)
המסקרה המושלמת במחיר מושלם
Posted by 5070539160615190504 on Sep 27, 2014
אני לא מאמינה שאני כותבת את זה אבל כן, המסקרה המושלמת בשבילי עולה 3$ . המסקרה בעלת מברשת סיליקון מאוד נעימה . מעניקה מראה טבעי. מאריכה את הריסים ומפרידה כל ריס וריס. עושה את עבודתה בשלמות! המסקרה הכי טובה שיש לי כרגע בכל אוסף האיפור שלי. מומלץ! מומלץ! מומלץ! אם עזרתי - תשתמשו בקוד כניסה שלי להנחה המופיע בפרופיל. תודה
Close to perfect
Posted by UllaMaya on Nov 04, 2013
Perfect price-quality ratio, cant much complain about it. Nice texture, not too 'runny' like many. Mostly i love the tightness of the container so even when brand new, the brush hasn't got too much stuff on it. Only downside, -by afternoon there is some under eye flakes.
depends on the weather
Posted by 5466936601792287916 on Mar 25, 2014
it melts when the weather is humid, stay long if the weather is dry
Cheap and good!
Posted by 4624196139096050267 on May 03, 2016
Lengthens and gives some volume to my thin Asian lashes. Easy to keep curl. Soft, not heavy and no flaking even in hot weather + sweating. Smudges a bit but it can easily be removed. Washes easily with warm water. I will buy again!
in love
Posted by AnaAdmi on Jan 14, 2015
didnt clump at all...cheap but with good quality


text:
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Hi Craig,In the "complete process" thread (which I'm only 1/10th the way through) you mentioned that you got better results by letting the dough balls increase by a greater volume. I think at one point you went for 150% increase in volume. Where did you bottom out on this? I find that every time I get to 100% the structure becomes weak. How does one manage large volume increase while still retaining good structure?
Craig,When you talk of Rubbermaid tubs I take it these are the hard plastic sealable domestic containers we in Scotland call Tupperware? If so, when you are storing your balled dough do you seal them completely with lid closed tight, or cover with plastic wrap(cling film)?
Hi Craig,Thanks for the reply, I've just about finished my clay oven and want the best pies to go in it, unfortunately I don't have a culture I use 'dried active yeast' what percentage of this should I use?
These are tiny quantities, how do yous measure these out?
So if the recipe called for 400g of water use 390 plus the 10g with yeast?
Also, why would you not expect to see any rise in the first 24hr ferment?
Craig, thanks for answering all my questions I am only at the start of my journey understanding dough/yeasts/cultures so appreciate you not getting frustrated.
Say you want 0.1g of yeast and you scale only measures to 1g resolution, dissolve 1g yeast in 99g water and use 10g of the mixture to get 0.1g ~+/- 0.04g You can increase the accuracy ot ~+/-0.004g by using a scale that measures to 0.1g resolution or by dissolving 10g yeast in 990g water and use 10g of the mixture.Be sure to subtract water in the mixture from formula water.
Craig;When using the Preferment Calculator, do you use the "% of Total Flour" or "% of Total Water" I noticed in some past posts that you used % of Total Water but then then i read something that Norma put out and shes using % of Total Water. ? It's about a third different. Rick M
Everything you see fom me is % of flour.
Thank you for clearing that up:Quick question, I am making my very first dough with the Ischia starter, and when I made my dough with 61% hydration, I placed it in a stainless bowl with a wet towel covering it, in a cooler kept at 65F for 24 hours. When I just took the bowl out of the cooler, there was condensation in the bowl and a slight pool of water The dough was more sticky than when I made it, it was difficult to retrieve from the stainless bowl since I did not add an oiled layer, and it did not pinch off as easily as in the video. Because the dough had higher hydration from the condensation, it is not perfectly smooth in my oiled tupperware tubsWhen you bulk ferment, have you ever had this condensation happen in the bowl? Should I try to bulk ferment without a wet towel covering the bowl and should I add an oil layer for easier retrieval?Thanks!Stephan
I cover my bulk and balls with plastic and I don't get any condensation. I would not use oil on the top of the balls. Flour sticks to it an can make your finished pies ugly.


text:
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Auto Electrical Businesses for Sale in Cottesloe, Western Australia 6011
Myaree WA - South West Perth
NGBB Ref 1623 : Automotive Electrical & Mechanical Repair Workshop.
One stop shop for all automotive electrical, air-conditioning & mechanical repairs. Originally started by current owner in 1990 at this location. Owner is ...
Auto ElectricalMechanical Repair
Graeme Molony
Cannington WA - South East Perth
Expressions of Interest
Unique Opportunity (Under Contract / Under Offer)
Unique Opportunity to own a very established business with room for further growth and diversity. This is an excellent opportunity to own and operate a b...
Auto Electrical
Sam Fazio


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Last week I was sitting a few seats back from the gorgeous Olivia Wilde at the Ralph Lauren Spring 2013 show. I always arrive at shows early (it's my type-A personality), and as I patiently waited for the show to begin, I enjoyed watching the celebrities arrive and be inundated by camera flashes. Olivia is one of those beautiful women that when you look at her, you can't decide what exactly makes her so striking, but she simply is. She dresses impeccably well for red carpets and industry events, but as you can see in these photos she also enjoys dressing down and enjoying her day.
Olivia used to be married to a the son of a prince, but since her divorce last year, she's been dating comedian Jason Sudeikis. In these photos, the pair was seen holding hands and strolling through the West Village on a dreary, humid, windy NYC day. Just as casual and functional as her outfit, Olivia choose to carry a saddle Proenza Schouler PS1 crossbody. Shop her handbag style via Proenza Schouler for $1,995.
Proenza Schouler Large PS1 Satchel in Saddle | $1,995 via Proenza Schouler


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HP Plunges on $8.8 Billion Charge From Autonomy Writedown
Nov. 20 (Bloomberg) -- Hewlett-Packard Co (HPQ). (HPQ) accused Autonomy Corp., the software maker it bought last year, of a broad range of financial falsehoods resulting in an $8.8 billion writedown, adding to challenges facing Chief Executive Officer Meg Whitman in the midst of a multiyear turnaround. Shares plunged.
More than $5 billion of the charge relates to accounting missteps, including improperly categorized hardware, Hewlett- Packard said. The rest is linked to Hewlett-Packard's share value and projections that the deal won't meet expectations, said the company, which also forecast fiscal first-quarter profit that missed analysts' estimates.
- HP's Accounting Claims Are Seen as Cover for Bad Deals
- Klarman to Whitworth Stung in Hewlett-Packard Value Hunt
"Some former members of Autonomy's management team used accounting improprieties, misrepresentations and disclosure failures to inflate the underlying financial metrics of the company, prior to Autonomy's acquisition," Hewlett-Packard said in a statement. Autonomy managers denied the allegations.
The charge is another setback for Hewlett-Packard, which is already buffeted by management turmoil and slowdowns in its personal-computer, printer and technology-services businesses. The allegations, which didn't emerge until half a year after the deal closed, call into question the company's dealmaking diligence and validate concerns that it overpaid for Autonomy.
"This is going to test investors' patience, and the stock is going to continue to struggle," Brian White, an analyst at Topeka Capital Markets Inc., said in an interview with Carol Massar on Bloomberg Radio. "This just adds fuel to the fire in that investors have been very concerned about the company's fundamental performance, and now you've got improprieties in a company that you acquired that everyone was upset you acquired anyway."
'Late' Findings
Former CEO Leo Apotheker, 59, agreed to buy Autonomy to diversify away from hardware and expand in software for corporations. Apotheker left in 2011 after less than a year on the job following repeated strategy shifts and forecast cuts. Whitman, 56, and Chairman Ray Lane were on the board when it signed off on the deal, and the company may have taken too long to uncover the financial missteps, said George O'Connor, an analyst at Panmure Gordon & Co.
"It seems very late in the day that HP would find accounting irregularities," he said.
The shares of Palo Alto, California-based Hewlett-Packard fell 12 percent to $11.71 at the close, dropping to the lowest since October 2002. The stock has dropped 55 percent this year.
Deloitte, KPMG
Hewlett-Packard began investigating Autonomy's finances after a senior executive at Autonomy came forward following the May departure of founder Mike Lynch, 47, Hewlett-Packard said. The company said it has referred the matter to U.S. and U.K. securities regulators and will also pursue civil litigation.
"The board relied on audited financials -- audited by Deloitte -- not Brand X accounting firm but Deloitte," Whitman said today on a conference call with investors. "The CEO at the time and the head of strategy who led this deal are both gone -- Leo Apotheker and Shane Robison."
Hewlett-Packard also hired KPMG to audit Deloitte, Whitman said.
Autonomy's former top management team said allegations by Hewlett-Packard are "false," according to Vanessa Colomar, a spokeswoman for Lynch.
Lynch, in an interview with the Wall Street Journal, said Hewlett-Packard has mismanaged the Autonomy deal and that the company is "trying to cover it up with this big writeoff."
'Stunned, Dispappointed'
Jamie Harley, a spokesman for Deloitte, said the firm will "cooperate with the relevant authorities with any investigations into these allegations."
Judith Burns, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; Jina Roe, a spokeswoman for the U.K. Serious Fraud Office; and Chris Hamilton, a spokesman for the U.K. Financial Services Authority, declined to comment. Robison didn't return a call seeking comment. Deborah Primiano, a spokeswoman for KPMG, didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.
Apotheker said he's "stunned and disappointed" by the alleged improprieties and that he did thorough due diligence on the acquisition. He agreed to buy Autonomy, the second-largest U.K. software maker, for $10.3 billion to expand in cloud- computing and add software that searches a broad range of data, including e-mails, music, videos and posts on social networks such as Facebook Inc.
Profit Misrepresented
Autonomy misrepresented its gross profit margin and also falsely created or miscategorized more than $200 million in revenue over a two-year period starting in 2009, John Schultz, Hewlett-Packard's general counsel, said in an interview. Autonomy was reselling Dell Inc. (DELL) computers and counting those sales as software revenue, he said. Some sales were also fabricated through resellers.
"You have active concealment," Schultz said. Deloitte "obviously didn't catch these issues at the time. It was difficult, if not impossible for HP to catch them."
This isn't Whitman's first writedown related to a deal done by one of her predecessors. In August, Hewlett-Packard wrote down by $8 billion the value of the enterprise-services unit forged by ex-CEO Mark Hurd's $13.2 billion purchase of Electronic Data Systems Corp. in 2008.
While accounting issues were responsible for the majority of the charge from Autonomy, Hewlett-Packard said a portion was also caused by the recent trading value of its shares.
'Deep Problems'
Profit excluding some items will be 68 cents to 71 cents a share for the period, which ends in January, Hewlett-Packard said in a separate statement. Analysts on average had estimated profit of 85 cents a share, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Whitman is paring product lines and cutting staff to make the supplier of PCs, printers and data center gear more competitive. The company, once a hotbed of invention and the world's biggest PC maker, has suffered from declining sales and has been late to develop mobile and cloud computing products.
"They have a lot of deep-rooted problems," said Eric Maronak, chief investment officer at Victory Capital Management Inc. in New York, which owns Hewlett-Packard shares. "A lot of it is self-inflicted."
The net loss in the fiscal fourth quarter was $6.85 billion, or $3.49 a share, compared with net income of $239 million, or 12 cents, a year earlier. Results included the charge related to Autonomy.
'Challenging Environment'
Profit excluding some items was $1.16 a share, topping analysts' average $1.14 estimate. Fourth-quarter sales fell to $30 billion. Analysts had projected revenue of $30.4 billion.
Hewlett-Packard, which gets more than a quarter of sales from PCs, is suffering as consumers and business users increasingly favor smartphones and tablets.
"The environment remains challenging for HP and other technology companies in the space," said Abhey Lamba, an analyst at Mizuho Securities USA Inc. "HP is unlikely to post revenue growth for a couple of years due to market dynamics in the PC and printing businesses."
The total PC market will contract by 1.2 percent to 348.7 million units this year, according to IHS iSuppli. That's the first annual decline since 2001, the market researcher said.
Whitman said at the company's annual investor meeting last month that a turnaround won't happen anytime soon. At the time, she forecast earnings for the current fiscal year of $3.40 to $3.60 a share, lower than analysts had expected.
'Shakier' Future
She is cutting 29,000 jobs by the end of fiscal 2014 to save as much as $3.5 billion a year. Whitman is also streamlining Hewlett-Packard's unwieldy line of printers, overhauling technology services to improve profit, and re- entering the tablet computer market in January with the company's ElitePad. The company is also focusing on products that help run corporate data centers, which yield higher profits than PCs.
"Everyone expected discouraging news and HP delivered even worse news," said Erik Gordon, a professor at the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. "Their big acquisition to grow their cloud computing and big data business -- their future -- is a bust. Their existing business is deteriorating and their future business looks shakier than ever."
To contact the reporters on this story: Aaron Ricadela in San Francisco at email@example.com; Amy Thomson in London at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Tom Giles at firstname.lastname@example.com


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That's a Ko Soto Gake. Rousey is driving her opponent backwards, and she wraps the neck up for more upper body control and turns the clinch to the left (Rousey's left). The opponent is caught leaning backwards to her own right side, so her natural instinct is to move her own right foot back to regain her base. Rousey blocks that leg from moving with Ko Soto Gake, leaving the opponent in a "floating" position (posture broken, no base, essentially falling) and drives her down into the mat.
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Q&A with Spring 2013 Trophy Series Leaders - Page 3
Cameron (right) with older brother Brandon. Photo courtesy of Plate family
You're 11 years old! It's pretty amazing that you're running long distances on trails at your age. Do either of your parents trail run?
Yeah my dad does, and my brother does too. But my dad can't keep up with my brother and me. I like running in the woods better than the road or the track.
You ran two races in the same weekend at the Post Oak Lodge Challenge, is that right? Was your body tired on the second day?
Yes, both this year and last year, I ran both the 25K and the half marathon. It was hard because it was hilly, and hot the second day, and I also fell into a mud puddle. But I wasn't really that tired the second day.
What are your running goals?
Join my brother as a Marathon Maniac on April 20 at the Free State Trail Marathon in Kansas. I want to break the record for most trail marathons and ultras ever run, and also make the Olympics and run the Boston Marathon when I turn 18.
Photo courtesy of Angela Minnefield
How long have you been trail running?
I have been trail running for about 20 years. After many years of countless numbers of road 5Ks, 10Ks, half-marathons and marathons … trails are much easier on my joints.
You've packed in quite a few races so far this year already! Which has been your favorite?
Laurel Run Ascent, Church Hill, Tennessee. Very scenic trails that included ridges, gorges, creeks crossing, wildlife and beautiful views of waterfalls. The outstanding volunteers were so encouraging, and the course was very well marked. One of the post-race food items was delicious barbecue sandwiches. Most importantly were the new friendships I acquired—Tennessee hospitality at its best!
Do you have plans to run other Trophy Series races this year?
My 2013 running schedule is packed with many of the Trail Runner Trophy Series runs. One of my running goals this year is complete the Heritage Trail Marathon.
Anything else you'd like to share about yourself?
My passion is running, and God has truly blessed me with the ability to run. I look forward to establishing new friendship as continue my weekend road trips around scenic trail races across the U.S.


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REJUVENATION 23'' Progression Roller
Product Information:
The REJUVENATION® 23" Progression Roller works as hard as you do. This cylindrical exercise accessory helps improve your physical health by improving your flexibility and joint range of motion. Increase your blood flow and relieve tension and pain while breaking down scar tissue and reducing the likelihood of injury. Designed for self-massage, this tool targets larger muscle groups.
- 23" Progression Roller stretches muscles and tendons through self-massage
- Improves flexibility and joint range of motion
- Revitalizes entire body through stress relief and muscle relaxation
- Stimulates circulation and decreases muscle aches and pains
- Improves alignment and hip mobility
- Model: RPR23
Country of Origin: ChinaWeb ID: 13365996
Customer Reviews:
Rated 5 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
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1-1 of 1


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Bull Eagle signs up
By signing this document on August 21, 1874, Bull Eagle of the Lakota Sioux enlisted as a scout with the 11th Infantry Regiment during the Plains Indians Wars. He listed his occupation on line two. In 1866, Congress had authorized the enlistment of up to 1,000 Indian scouts. Most joined to help track rival tribes. Unlike soldiers, scouts typically enlisted for only six months.
National Archives, Records of the Adjutant General's Office


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Day 2 of our Imaginisce Party!
March 7, 2012 by Ellen
Filed under Basic Grey, Core Blog, Jenni Bowlin
How much did you LOVE yesterday's project from Design Team Member Kim Jeffress?
REMEMBER…you can post on our blog here all week long for a chance to win. We will put all of the comments in random. org and pick one random winner from ALL the blog posts …. the more you comment the more you can WIN WIN WIN! AND we will pick one lucky winner from our Facebook page, too!
AND…yes there is more! Imaginisce is giving away goodies on their blog, too! Of course there is loads inspiration over on their blog as well. PLEASE head over to their Facebook page as well. If you don't like them, well you should! And if you already do…awesome! Tell them we said HI! Cannot wait to see how they work some Core!
Today we have layouts galore for you from our ever inspiring Design Team!
We got to play with the i-Rock.
First up is Design Team Member Melissa Oliviera using some red Glam Rocks and Core Essentials and Jenni Bowlin Core Impressions:
And a close up of some of that great detail:
And Design Team Member Debbie Standard created this gorgeous layout with some BasicGrey Core Impressions:
And Debbie gave us some close up to check out those Glam Rocks! See how she put them in the little embossed circles? Brilliant!
AND………… Design Team Member April Derrick! How much do you love the Rain drops on this layout with the sweetest photo you have ever seeeeeeen! Looks beautiful with some Vintage Cardstock.
See you tomorrow!


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Products details
1.8 1/2 matrix body IADC code PDC drill bits2. Cover almost all IADC code3. Meet with API Spec7-1 ISO 9001: 2008
4. Good quality and after-sale service5. High quality PDC cutters, which ensure longer bit life for the formations with interbed layers
6. Resonable price
About us
Hejian Wanxiang Drilling Equipments Co. Ltd.
We produce the drill bits according to our customers requirements strickly with advanced equipment to make the quality perfect.


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Reviews (0)
Lightweight and strong, Lewmar's self-tailing 2-speed racing winches offer the serious racer outstanding performance and power. Lewmar racing winches are the product of a collaboration with the racing elite of sailing. The proven characteristics of Lewmar's Ocean series have been adapted to provide a range of high strength, super lightweight winches using materials developed for the aerospace industry. Annapolis Performance Sailing offers this winch in Lewmar's gray-anodized aluminum racing drums.
|Drum Diameter (in)
|Drum Diameter (mm)
|Power Ratio
|13.9 / 44.8


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Skip to comments.Terrorist Attack on Bus in Tel Aviv
Posted on 11/21/2012 2:29:26 AM PST by Bobalu
Terrorists have blown up a bus on Shaul HaMelech street in central Tel Aviv. At least three people are seriously wounded.
There are at least 10 passengers wounded, most of them with lesser injuries, and ambulances have evacuated them to hospitals.
(Excerpt) Read more at israelnationalnews.com ...
There was never any hope to begin with. Those people don't want peace, they want Israel gone.
They gave them Gaza, for prace, In return and in thanks the Palestinians have used it as one big launch pad to hit all of Israel.
These people don't want peace with Israel.
No ceasefire, let Israel destroy the terrorist.
...don't worry, Shrilliary Clintoon and Bank Emoon (UN) will tell the Israelis to "exercise maximum restraint" while in Syria 200 are killed each day...
Hillary and the UN will tell Israel to get those evil busses out of the way of those nice terrorists who really are nice people and are just misunderstood and kill and maim because they are poor and downtrodden by the evil USA and Israel.
Nice busses; better than most in the USA.
Israel needs to do a few small but spectacular Hiroshima glassmaking demonstrations; screw the United Nations, Arab League and the Muslim Brotherhood.
As my Jewish uncle used to say: "KISS"
Keep It Simple Stupid -
Ask our Japanese Allies if they want a rerun.....
It is the only answer.
Bibi is not going to take this lightly. I expect he will go full spead ahead and wipe out those animals.. Pray for Israel.
I agree. But, instead, we will see an escalation in tensions, then there will be a faux cease fire... maybe for a short time, or maybe for years. But there will always be an underlying tension. Periodic small fires will pop up and be put out, so to speak. All along the bigger problem will still be the foundation of the agreements. Until that problem is wholly resolved, which can only be accomplished by purging the enemy, we will all have to worry about some catastrophic world war starting because of the scum of the arab world. Time to move them out and let their brothers in other countries take care of them.
It truly is and it is long overdue.
That's "Shariary Clintoon"...........
> Those people dont want peace, they want Israel gone.
They also want to exterminate all Jews from the planet.
Read the Hamas charter.
Look for the words "Jew" and "Israel", and you will see what Hamas is all about.
Any Jew that supports these genocidal savages is either ignorant or stupid.
And Monkey Moon.
There are no such people as "Palestinians." I refuse to use the word. I refuse to call that land Palestine. There was never, ever, a land called Palestine or people called Palestinians. Those are created by, first the Romans wanting to change the name of the land back in 139AD after Jerusalem was sacked. The term Palestinian did not become vogue until the 1960s when old terrorist Yasser Arafat started using it and of course the liberal world picked up on it. I simply refuse to use the terms. They are Arabs. Pure and simple. Not Palestinians. /rant off
Filistinia? That's the Arabic word for it (them)...
"They are Arabs."
They need to return to whatever is their true homeland - but no one wants the murderous vagabonds there either.
So between the randomness of the rockets and the Iron Dome system, the effectiveness of the rockets in killing is reduced.
However, it does have a terror effect on the people of Israel.
israel should use this as a time to clean out the hamas government and force the palestinians to elect new leadership.
Israel has to stop listening to the libdouches. Just because hamas was democratically elected doesn't mean they are somehow sacred. Hitler was democratically elected too. Elections have consequences.
If the prophecy is correct, post-war Israel would greatly expand her borders, become a world power, and throw the UN into chaos.
Another smashing success for Hillary Smart Power...
The hateful butchers wouldn't be happy if the Jews handed over all of Israel to them and fled to the moon. Then they'd plot and plan and scheme for the next thousand years to come up with a way to murder the great-great...grandchildren of the Israelis across a quarter million miles of vacuum. Devils on earth. That's what they are.
GOD bless Israel and save the USA.
Sounds like a plot for a sci-fi novel.
Cease fire starting soon. Once again the US told the Israeli's how to defend themselves. Israeli military might is starting to look a lot like ours. Seems no one ever wants to win or do what's necessary to beat these Islamic fanatics.
Good post.....and the Arabs who call themselves "palestinians" are not welcome in their homelands. That should trigger a reaction from even a brain-dead liberal.
What is the over / under on rockets flying again? Can't find a Vegas line.
I can't imagine getting on a bus in Israel at a time like this. Monsters.
The ceasefire was always one sided
The ceasefire was always one sided
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Oh ye of little faith.
Now that hitlery and BO are on the scene, all is well.
Loverly people no, the Cease Fire was actually in effect yesterday eve BUT 'they' had to wait till HRC/BO 'approved' and sanctioned.
Just like good LIBS (never let an opportunity pass you by) took advantage of the lull, executed a few folks, blew up a bus... Good thing HRC's plane wasn't delayed....
Than at 1415 (15 min after the 'official' cease fire) gunfire was heard and rockets launched...OF COURSE, just as a celebration....
Rush had a 'touch' of his old self today, what with the count down to peace etc....
This would be hilarious if the world were not disintegrating before our very eyes.
And the UN will demand Israel stick to a 'truce', and Al-Reuters will fearure article after article about how many children Israel has killed.
It was ever thus.
And the UN will demand Israel stick to a 'truce', and Al-Reuters will fearure article after article about how many children Israel has killed.
It was ever thus.
"RIP any hope of a cease fire."
The call up of 75,000 reserve troops was never put on hold or even slowed down.
Israel knows what a "cease-fire" means to terrorists hell-bent on death and destruction.
It's only the liberal media that thinks a cease-fire means anything to terrorists.
Israel is still gearing up for a major defensive action in Gaza. Bank on it.
Are you certain of this? If so it's VERY interesting.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Research Report: Leveraging Television for Growth Survey Results
October 19, 2011
This Research Report includes findings from a survey conducted by the ANA. The objective of the survey was to get a top line view of television advertising, identify key threats and where opportunities for growth exist in the future.
Members Only Content
This content is available to ANA Members only. Please login below or create an account.
You may already be a member. Find out if your company is already an ANA member.


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|Print Page
SUWA notice to members on Bishop's bill
Publisher's Corner by Richard Shaw:
Newspapers should be independent of ties
Sport's stuff by Gary Arrington
You have to love this time of the year in sports. There is some sport going on just about everywhere all the time whether locally or across the mountain or on TV, it just doesn't matter....
Letters to the Editor
The silence of the left while Christians are terrorized
Letters to the Editor
Pres. Obama considers coal uncool
Letters to the Editor
Starting this month, school students in my neighborhood will be gathering at the corner, waiting for their big yellow ride to school. Many parents look forward to this day and other parents dread the first day of school....
|Print Page


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Topic: Eliminate unnecessary SQL Calls
I have a section of my website where I list all the topics available and the number of articles they have. For example, the output is this:
Topic1 (5)
Topic2 (7)
Topic3 (4)
I could get this information is one shot using the following SQL Command:
select topic, count(*) from topics, posts where topics.id = posts.topic_id group by topic;
However, I don't know how to translate this into Rails code. What I did was this in my Topic model:
def self.topic_count
@topic = Topic.find(:all)
@stuff = @topic.map { |topic|
@posts = Post.find(:all, {:conditions => [ 'topic_id = ?', topic.id] })
[ topic, @posts.length ]
And then used this in the view:
<% Topic.topic_count.each do |topic, count| %>

<%= link_to "#{topic.topic} (#{count})", topic %>

<% end %>
Does anyone see a better idea so I only need one SQL call instead of one for each topic like a am doing? Thanks in advance.


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Shaking It Harlem Style
Going viral on the Internet could spell some interesting changes to the way people find popular music after Billboard recently made a much-needed update to the way that it selects its "Hot 100."
On Feb. 20, Billboard and Nielsen announced that U.S. YouTube video streaming data will now be factored into the formula used to create the "Hot 100." As a result, the staggeringly popular "Harlem Shake" by Baauer immediately hit No. 1 on the chart. The song debuted at No. 1 mostly because the "Harlem Shake" song inspired a great number of homemade videos, quickly becoming an Internet meme. The meme became so popular that even the likes of Jimmy Fallon, Pepsi Max and local news stations made their own versions.
Out of the many "Harlem Shake" videos I watched my favorite is the "Original Army Edition." The video starts with one man dancing among a group of soldiers standing at attention. After about 18 seconds of dancing by himself, the rest of the group joins in when the "Harlem Shake" song states: "Do the Harlem Shake."
It's hard to say what the future holds for popular music now that YouTube data is included in Billboard's "Hot 100" chart formula, but one thing is for sure: Internet users now have much more control over which artists make it big.
On another note, for those of you looking for a family friendly event to do on a Friday night, stop by the Infinity Performing Arts Cafe to check out a performance by acclaimed guitarist Richard Gilewitz. I'll be there covering the event, so stop by and say hello. And, keep an eye out for coverage of the event Saturday's edition, which will include video footage that will be posted to www.post-journal.com.
As per usual, here are the highlights and happenings going on in the area.
Marion Art Gallery To Host International Exhibition, "Gone Viral:" An exhibition examining the intersection of art and scientific inquiry will open in the Cathy and Jesse Marion Art Gallery at SUNY Fredonia on Friday, March 8.
"Gone Viral: Medical Science in Contemporary Textile Art," will feature the works of several artists from the United States and Great Britain. Curated by Leesa Rittelmann, associate professor of art history at SUNY Fredonia, "Gone Viral" features the work of three American and two British artists whose textile art explores a range of the, "aesthetic, political and cultural issues related to current scientific and biomedical practice and research."
The exhibition is designed to encourage a dialogue between the arts and sciences sparked by artworks that lend visual form to often complex, abstract scientific and social concerns.
Artists Sonya Clark, Anna Dumitriu, Paddy Hartley, Lindsay Obermeyer and Laura Splan explore a range of media from traditional embroidering, knitting, hand-quilting and beadwork to non-traditional works made from stethoscopes, hospital sheets, intravenous tubing, digital video, photography and computerized machine-embroidery.
The opening reception will be held from 7-9 p.m. on Friday, March 8, and the exhibit runs through April 7. But, the gallery will be closed from March 23 through April 1 for the campus spring break. The reception and the exhibit are free and open to the public.
Gallery hours are 2-6 p.m. Tuesday through Thursday, 2-8 p.m. Friday and Saturday and 2-6 p.m. Sunday. The gallery is located on the main level of Rockefeller Arts Center. For more information call 673-3537 or visit www.fredonia.edu.
Game Creator Tom Filsinger Added To Guest List At Wrestlecon: Tom Filsinger, the owner of Filsinger Games, and the creator of Champions of the Galaxy wrestling game, will be a special guest at WrestleCon from April 5-7 in Secaucus, N.J.
Filsinger Games has been a producer of tabletop card games since 1987. It started with Champions of the Galaxy, and currently includes licensed games for Ring of Honor, Chikara, Shimmer, championship wrestling from Hollywood, and Combat Zone Wrestling.
Filsinger has worked closely with many professional wrestlers including: Ted DiBiase, Nikolai Volkoff, Iron Sheik, Hacksaw Jim Duggan, King Kong Bundy, Buff Bagwell and many more. He has also partnered with Marvel Comics icon Stan Lee and appeared with him at several promotions such as the New York Comic Con and Authors@Google.
Filsinger, an associate professor of psychology at Jamestown Community College, has written a book about the creating of his game company called "The Dark Menace of the Universe," where he discusses game creating and the psychology of creativity. Tom will be signing his book and visiting with game fans at the Filsinger Games tables at the convention.
WrestleCon is a major wrestling convention featuring guests such as Hulk Hogan, Bret Hart, Kurt Angle and many more. There will also be live wrestling featuring promotions such as Chikara, Shimmer and Combat Zone Wrestling.
For more information visit wrestlecon.com or www.filsingergames.com.
To include an upcoming show or event in this column, email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 487-1111 ext. 253 by Monday.
Pete Pepke with Andrea and The Giants: 6-8 p.m., The Corner Coffeehouse, 54 W. Main St. in Frewsburg. Pepke was named Jazz Man of the Year 2006 by the Musicians' Union.
Blue Grass Jam: 7-10 p.m., Celoron Legion, 26 Jackson Ave. in Celoron. Area bluegrass musicians are welcome to sit in and play.
Stan Barton Jazz Mandolin And Violin: 6-8 p.m., The Corner Coffeehouse, 54 W. Main St. in Frewsburg.
Movies At The Reg: 8 p.m., "Hyde Park On Hudson," 116 E. Third St. in Jamestown.
Brokenstraw Celtic: 6-8 p.m., The Corner Coffeehouse, 54 W. Main St. in Frewsburg.
Movies At The Reg: 8 p.m., "Hyde Park On Hudson," 116 E. Third St. in Jamestown.
Bill Ward And Amanda Barton: 9 p.m., Pine Junction, 9757 Bailey Hill Road in Sherman.
Smokehouse: 8 p.m. to midnight, Celoron Legion, 26 Jackson Ave. in Celoron.
Doc And Bill: 4-7 p.m., Trillium Lodge, 6830 Main St., in Cherry Creek.
Indie Movie Night Featuring "The Boonies Road Show:" 6-8 p.m., The Corner Coffeehouse, 54 W. Main St. in Frewsburg.