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Topic: Yuck.
This is pretty hideous; it's actually causing WEBrick to, well, brick. It freezes up and the site is unresponsive until I restart the console .
I'm using a graphing utility to keep track of a project's backlog. I put the code on Pastie:
Any help would be great. Thank you
Last edited by mikben (2009-07-31 12:58:31)


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Anyone else know this guy? He's all kinds of crazy, and a fixture of KSU. He used to sit and talk at me for hours while I was minding the door at the bar. I'm amazed it's taken this long.
"Spring Break" Dennis Bindel has been incarcerated and moved to a Mental Health facility. Please help Free Spring Break Dennis!
I guess he was on WMMS yesterday, anyone get a chance to listen in?
And he's got Polk's number

subset: commoncrawl


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People Spotlight
Achievements and Accomplishments
State of the Industry
Outlook 2017
Carpet & Area Rugs
Grout & Adhesives
Main Street USA
Tile & Stone
Trims & Moldings
Amy Rush-Imber
Chris Ramey
Jon Trivers
Business Builder
Kermit Baker
Financial Stories
Legal Column (Marty Silver)
Credit Series
Retail Profile
Margo Locust
Don Roberts
Social Media/Digital Column
Locking Systems, etc
Copyrights and Patents
Style & Design
Advertising rates & specs
Submit Your Classified Ad
Monday, January 23, 2017
People Spotlight
Achievements and Accomplishments
State of the Industry
Outlook 2017
Carpet & Area Rugs
Grout & Adhesives
Main Street USA
Tile & Stone
Trims & Moldings
Amy Rush-Imber
Chris Ramey
Jon Trivers
Business Builder
Kermit Baker
Financial Stories
Legal Column (Marty Silver)
Credit Series
Retail Profile
Margo Locust
Don Roberts
Social Media/Digital Column
Locking Systems, etc
Copyrights and Patents
Style & Design
Advertising rates & specs
Submit Your Classified Ad
January 27, 2014,
Posted Date:
Mohawk's Lorberbaum eyes growth at home and abroad - A view from atop one of the world's largest flooring manufacturers
Jeffrey Lorberbaum is not the typical chairman of the board of an S&P 500 company, but then neither is the financial performance of the company he leads. Even during the very worst of times, he has quietly built Mohawk into one of the world's largest flooring companies, which earned Mohawk its S&P spot. Meanwhile, the company's stock price has been on a tear and continues to rise even as it invested hundreds of millions in R&D and new facilities on its way to becoming a $10 billion company during the worst economic recession of our time.
Lorberbaum has a different pedigree; as the son of two World Floor Covering Association Hall of Fame Inductees — Alan and Shirley Lorberbaum — he has been training for this job his whole life. During his time at the helm, he's managed to grow through strategic acquisitions and investments that Mohawk claims gives it a 40 percent share in each of the domestic laminate and ceramic markets; it owns Pergo, arguably one of the best known brands in all of flooring; and, all of this has been done quietly, methodically and with hardly any fanfare.
No wonder the market senses that neither Lorberbaum nor Mohawk are quite done just yet.
Santiago Montero:
Looking ahead, do you see a need or opportunity for more acquisitions? If so, what other product categories look attractive?
Jeffrey Lorberbaum:
Acquisitions are a significant part of Mohawk's ongoing strategy. We primarily focus on acquisitions that we can leverage with our present businesses to expand our distribution, maximize asset use or leverage our knowledge base. We use acquisitions to go into new product categories like we did with Dal-tile in ceramic, expand our participation in various channels such as Pergo to increase our laminate business within the home center channel, or to broaden our geographic reach such as we did with Marazzi, which gave us a leading presence in both the European and Russian ceramic market.
By the end of 2014, we should have most of the realignment of Marazzi, Pergo and Spano in place.
We continually look for acquisition opportunities that align with our flooring business within our present geography or in new markets around the world. We will consider other product categories, but they are a lower priority than those in flooring where we have synergies.
What is your investment strategy going forward? Will we see you continue building either onto existing facilities (or new ones) or are you more likely to invest in new processes (R&D) as you did with PET?
: In 2013, we invested approximately $400 million for new assets in our present businesses, to enhance our product offering, improve our processes and support additional growth. In 2014, we plan to spend 25 percent more, or an additional $500 million, to satisfy the growing demand in the U.S. market, lower our costs and bring new products to the marketplace. We are optimistic about the U.S. economy, our industry and Mohawk's participation in the industry this year.
Each of our businesses: carpet, ceramic, laminate and wood are aggressively bringing innovative products to the marketplace to satisfy consumer trends. Each of the businesses are expanding their present capacities as well as investing in new opportunities such as Continuum technology in carpet, ceramic wood planks, unique laminate and wood visuals as well as manufacturing LVT.
: As the 2013 GreenStep Pinnacle Environmental winner, it's clear that sustainability is at the core of who you are as a manufacturer. Will we be seeing more investments in this area as well, and if so, what is on the horizon?
: Sustainability is a major part of our strategy and is a core part of how we operate. We believe that using less resources, reducing waste and recycling to minimize our environmental impact is good for our communities and our results.
Presently we have 10 manufacturing facilities operating with no waste — zero. We have reduced both our water and energy usage to produce our products. We produce electricity from waste and have reduced our carbon footprint.
We have hundreds of products made with recycled materials which would have ended up in landfills. We have carpets that are made from corn and 100 percent recycled bottles. We manufacture rugs from recycled tires. We manufacture carpet cushion from old furniture, bedding and old padding. Most of our ceramic contains recycled industrial waste or recycled glass. Most of our laminate boards have a majority of recycled wood.
We will continue investing in all areas to maintain our environmental leadership in the industry. It is the right thing to do and it improves our bottom line.
: At convention, you mentioned a new LVT plant in Belgium as well as one planned for the U.S. Where do you stand with those and how much capacity are you looking at once complete?
: Construction on our LVT plant in Belgium is happening now, and we are on track to start that plant up in Q4 of 2014. We anticipate utilizing this plant as a supply base for the U.S. until we complete another facility here soon afterward. We will participate in all price points with our brands and bring unique features and leading styling to the premium LVT market.
: What does Mohawk bring to Pergo and American Marazzi that each business didn't have before the acquisition? What will each of these units do next now that Mohawk is behind them?
All of our acquisitions benefit from being part of Mohawk while our existing capabilities and knowledge are enhanced at the same time. With Pergo we picked up the strongest brand in laminate flooring and we are able to leverage our strengths to substantially upgrade their product offering, improve their manufacturing capability and enhance their service levels. With Marazzi we gained excellent manufacturing and product development and we can use our extensive distribution network to expand their business. We expect to grow both of these acquisitions in both domestic and international markets by providing access to capital, implementing best practices and adding technology that they did not have before.
Mohawk has been touting its new PET Continuum Process as a game changer. How are these new fiber systems changing the market and helping Mohawk?
: More than any other manufacturer, Mohawk continues to innovate and introduce products that are reshaping the industry in an exciting way. Mohawk is committed to being the premier supplier of innovative products, which is why we invest in new technology, in state of the art equipment, in cutting-edge innovation and in the acquisition of other companies — investments that ensure we will be the best partner for our retailers.
Seven years ago, we introduced SmartStrand, the industry's first bio-based residential carpet product that offers an unsurpassed combination of performance, softness and sustainability. When we launched Silk two years ago, Mohawk became the undisputed leader in premium carpet. Now we are innovating on the value side of the carpet market just as we did on the premium side, and that's what Continuum is all about.
While PET is not a substitute for Triexta and Nylon buyers, it is important for value-minded consumers. With Continuum, Mohawk has developed a way to produce a polyester filament fiber from 100 percent postconsumer recycled content and it can actually perform better than existing filament polyesters. Our Continuum products provide greater bulk and better value than anything else in the market, and when combined with our attractive styling, we expect for Continuum to mirror the success of our SmartStrand platform.
What kind of impact do you expect to make with this PET Continuum product given that it goes up against otherwise non-branded, value-oriented goods?
: In today's retail environment, brand power plays a key role. Consumers buy brands they know and trust.
Mohawk is the oldest and most widely recognized flooring brand by consumers today. As the largest flooring manufacturing in the world, we are able to offer our retailers both the best products and the best marketing support to reach the consumer. Continuum has allowed us to make our polyester products even more appealing to the consumer who already holds the Mohawk brand in high regard. We are offering over 30 styles covering all designs, price points, roll stocking and value price options with more apparent value at competitive prices. Nobody else in the industry can offer that.
: We see how you've expanded the whole Silk line with new products and display systems. As I recall, dealers had two primary concerns when Silk first came out: maintaining a premium price point and managing channel conflict. How are you addressing these two issues?
: Mohawk is the only manufacturer that offers three fiber types in the premium soft category, and SmartStrand Silk remains at the forefront. The SmartStrand Silk product mix, which is supported by incredible merchandising and marketing, allows our retail partners to effectively communicate the superior qualities that differentiate SmartStrand Silk and maintain its premium price point. Additionally, to avoid over-saturating the market, Mohawk focuses on partnering with retailers who demonstrate a commitment to the premium soft category.
For retailers who aim to be the premier destination for premium soft carpet, Mohawk is offering a new display system, which showcases the entire SmartStrand Silk collection in one comprehensive unit. The display system transforms the showroom into the ultimate upscale shopping experience.
In terms of managing channel conflict, Mohawk works strategically with our partners to ensure that we are developing the right product mix, merchandising and marketing to help them succeed individually. As the world's largest flooring manufacturer, Mohawk is able to offer a mix that differentiates our customers and helps them reach their specific business goals.
: Is Silk performing as well as you expected? What's next for Silk?
: Silk continues to exceed our expectations and gain market share. The collection has been in stores for about two years and dramatically changed the consumer expectations for premium carpets. Even after all this time, no other carpet provides the softness, value, durability, ease of maintenance or environmental attributes that are inherent in SmartStrand Silk. This year, we are continuing to invest in Silk and expand the offering to provide unique style and differentiated products. For the consumer who wants the best, SmartStand Silk is the only option. We are introducing a new marketing campaign in 2014 centered around Mo, a yellow Labrador retriever that's very good at creating hard to clean messes. Mo will be featured on television, social media and point of sale to convey the superior features and generate excitement for SmartStrand to the consumer.
Lorberbaum (born 1954) has been Mohawk Industries, Inc. chief executive officer since January 2001. He has served as the Chairman of the Board since May 2004 and has been a director of Mohawk Industries, Inc. since March 1994 with the acquisition of Aladdin Mills Inc. Lorberbaum also served as president of Mohawk Industries, Inc. from 1995 to 2001. Lorberbaum joined Aladdin Mills Inc. in 1976 and served in many capacities including president and vice president of operations.
Jeffrey Lorberbaum
The Captivator display for SmartStrand Silk debuted at convention.


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Jackson Center Has Unique Role
The Robert H. Jackson Center isn't slowing down as it enters its second decade of existence.
In May, John Roberts, the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, will visit the center – the second visit to Jamestown by a sitting chief justice in 10 years and the third visit by a Supreme Court justice since 2000.
Roberts' visit is a testament to the persistence of Greg Peterson and the rest of the Robert H. Jackson Center staff. For more than a decade, the center has hosted notable events featuring some of Jackson's most notable Supreme Court cases and those who served alongside Jackson in the war crimes trials at Nuremberg. Noted law schools would be hard-pressed to match the quality of programming generated by the Jackson Center in its short history. The 2003 visit by former Chief Justice William Rehnquist and the upcoming visit by Roberts are shining examples of the Jackson Center's relevance in the legal realm.
There are many local residents who helped the Jackson Center achieve that relevance. Greg Peterson, Elizabeth Lenna, Daniel Bratton and Carl Cappa saw the potential for a center focused on Robert H. Jackson. Rolland Kidder's time as executive director helped place the new center on solid ground. Area foundations committed money to purchase for former Scottish Rite Consistory Building and to make renovations to make the center a first-rate destination.
Of course, none of that would be possible without having a man with a sterling legacy on which to build such a center. Robert H. Jackson's life was the stuff of storybooks – a high school graduate who did not attend college, rose through the ranks of the legal profession, served his country during a time of war, and eventually landed a position on the U.S. Supreme Court. Then, when his nation called upon him to prosecute Nazi war criminals after World War II, Jackson not only led the prosecution but did so in a way that laid the groundwork for all such future trials. Jackson's life is proof that any goal, no matter how grandiose, can be achieved. His career is a testament to the ideal of fairness and justice for all.
The world doesn't always live up to Jackson's lofty ideal of fairness and justice for all, which makes the Jackson Center's role in world politics pretty unique. In our own backyard, preserved by a group of dedicated staff members and volunteers in a quaint brick building on Fourth Street, is a place legal scholars can use when they need guidance in the field of international criminal law or where murky questions of constitutional law can be made clear by Jackson's words.
Anyone who has the opportunity should attend Roberts' speech at 10 a.m. May 17 at the Jackson Center. Those attending won't be disappointed.


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Obedience training is often most effective once a dog reaches the age of 9 months. At this time, pups tend to calm down and lose some of their non-stop puppy energy. Before this stage, puppies can be hard to train and control, VCA Animal Hospitals reports.
After the nine-month mark, most owners will have an easier time getting their pups to do what they ask of them. However, for some dogs—especially large active breeds—training may not be easy and they may pull on their leashes during walks, jump on people or bark for attention. These behaviors must be dealt with while a dog is still a puppy, otherwise an owner will have an unruly adult dog.
While a few of these dogs may have a medical condition or a compulsive behavioral problem that causes hyperactivity, usually this is not the case. Most often the acting out and excessive energy is due to a lack of adequate obedience training, sufficient exercise and daily routine.
To combat this problem, VCA suggests owners begin regularly-scheduled exercise regimens. Providing a dog with at least 30 minutes of brisk, heart rate-increasing play twice a day can reduce the amount of pent-up energy a dog has. This can make dogs easier to train as they'll be able to focus their attention on the task at hand, without being distracted by the urge to play. PetMD.com reports that owners should walk their active dogs in the morning before work to help them remain calm while they're alone during the day.


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About the Author: Lindsay Krasnoff serves as a Historian in the State Department's Office of the Historian.
The first day of our conference was a long one -- 12 hours of events and programs -- yet eventful. Secretary Clinton opened the conference, reminding us that, "people do not easily shake off the weight of history." The concept of history -- what it is, the different ways that one may reflect on it, and how history can be used in the realm of diplomacy and international affairs -- was one of the central themes addressed by each of our speakers, scholars, and panelists. Throughout the day, we were reminded of how much the history of the period of American involvement in Southeast Asia, from 1946 through 1975, marked and shaped the United States in a multitude of ways -- and how much this history is still with us today.
History through the eyes of those who participated in it was the prevalent theme for the first half of the day. Dr. Kissinger and Ambassador Holbrooke told the audience about their experiences conducting U.S. foreign policy in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s, while two scholars from Vietnam, Ambassador Tran Van Tung and Dr. Nguyen Manh Ha, exposed us to "The View from Hanoi." However, it is also important to think about how one can use history, as the several of the senior scholars of the field reminded us yesterday afternoon. How can historians make history more accessible, and how can policymakers better use history to help inform them when making present-day policy decisions were two important questions raised for reflection.
Those who participated in the evening's media roundtable forced the audience to look at the history of the Vietnam War through yet a different lens. In sharing their experiences of covering the war, from both Vietnam and Washington, DC, William Beecher and Morley Safer gave us a better perspective of what went on behind the scenes of the media's coverage of the war and U.S. policy at the time. Moderator Marvin Kalb not only shared his experiences, but directed the discussion over a range of topics that included how the panelists felt their coverage impacted U.S. policy. Edith Lederer provided countless examples of what it was like to be a female reporter in Vietnam covering the war and the various obstacles she encountered, while Barry Zorthian explained what it was like to be on the other side of the divide while he served as the U.S. Minister Counselor for Information and Director of the Joint U.S. Public Affairs Office in Vietnam.
Ambassador Negroponte began our second day by asking us how we wish to teach the Vietnam War to our students, and to reconsider some of the popular myths that surround this period in our history. The four academic panels today investigated how the United States interacted with its allies, how force and diplomacy were used during the Vietnam War, and what can be learned from the history of the counterinsurgency and reconstruction programs in Vietnam. The final panel of the conference brought the entire experience back home to the United States, with a look at the reaction of Americans to the U.S. intervention in Vietnam.
Susan C. in Florida writes:
@Lindsay...I would be interested in what are the myths surrounding this period in our history?! I know for sure that our involvement in the Vietnam "conflict" tore our country apart, and changed a generation's view of our government, our military, and our policies toward other nations. My Dad so trusted our country and would not, and could not, believe that our government would lie to us or do anything other than the most "honorable" thing. For my generation Vietnam changed that view forever. That is not a myth and no revision of history will change that!
Sinan O. in Turkey writes:
Hello Office of the Historian, thanks. I listened you now. see you.
Sinan O.
John P. in Greece writes:
That's why I love our DipNote. It raises questions and produces New Millennium philosophy. So, I ask, Why "history†only, and not "future†too?
Both of them are not sciences, right?
You cannot have the same results during the same experiments.
So, both, are not sciences!
However, in schools, colleges and universities, all around the world, we teach "historyâ€, but we don not teach "futureâ€.
According to my opinion, in order to start teaching "future†we have to "abandon†some of the history. Or at least some of our nationalistic ego.
"future 101†has to do with teaching the collaboration of different people: FUTURE, that can make our lives better, all of which is sometimes difficult for plenty of us to understand on the ground that we have to withdraw some of the "history 104â€, because it does not work anymore, destroying future.
I am not saying that we have to forget what happened, but, we must be historically sober, planning our best future.
Eric in New Mexico writes:
@John P. in Greece, and Linsey Krasnoff,
It's all relative when yesterday's tommorrow is the now.
But then we have Dipnote, which makes a historian's job a piece of cake since the State dept now has a running diary it keeps on the dept.'s nightstand waiting for a 4:00am revelation to be posted by the sunrise of a new day.
Personally I think Sec. PJ Crowley, as the Dept.'s pre-eminant spokesman-person (sic) should perhaps consider doing a weekly bi-line on the blog...if I may be so bold as to suggest he might call it, "the seventh inning stretch" in accordance with the common tradition of baseball and diplomacy that it is dangerous to make predictions, especially about the future-and that it ain't over till the fat lady sings...or maybe that's more beholden to comic opera, but here in this weekly heretical "hot off the cuff" weekly reminicence...he may freely engage with the public on all topics hypothetical, and the accepted caveat is always in play that no official policy statement be implied in simply responding to the great "what if?".
Soley intended for the futherance of ideas and a good time had by all who dare to speculate.
Thus I hope he'd find the title suggestion appropriately suitable for such a social experiment.
Practical reason for this is not just because I think PJ should get to cut loose on some relative philosophical levels in relation to international affairs (more than his job already entails), but that it humanizes our government in a way that official doctrine and policy just can't.
My government engages with a lot worse than hypotheticals on the world stage, yet get a public servant to try and answer one and it's worse than trying to get an Iranian leader to come to the table and negotiate.
So the only answer is to give the man a chance to create a space he can step outside his "official capacity" and host "the war of ideas".
See, take the millenium goals for instance...did they or didn't they...when the goals were first debated and approved in the UNGA, accept as a hypothetical that the international community could conciously reverse engineer dysfunctional human behavior and end millenia of rampant poverty and subvert the Four Nobel Truths (suffering, the causes of suffering, the process of suffering, and the end of suffering)?
And if the hypothetical had not been entertainained at all?
Moot point, que no?
The "art of the possible" is possible because hypotheticly speaking, it is how the great "what if?" is honored.
And perhaps only a historian would appreciate such twisted logic and call it useful to percieving what was.. that is to be now and then, and possibly later, but I just call it perspective. (chuckle)
There can never be a failure of imagination within the "seventh inning stretch" because folks will be looking for that bright pearl in all the hullabaloo.
A place to kick around the philosophical concepts the underpinnings of policy are based upon and the derivitives thereof, intended and unintended concequence alike, and a healthy debate.
Take the rampant speculation surounding the latest UBL tape in that he may have gone searching for the meaning of life, and suddenly found something called empathy for the flood victims of Pakistan.
Or is it merely crocodile tears...?
More like a desperate bid for credibility.
( subjective hypothetical example of a hypothetical stretch of any sane imagination in regards to insane people's behavior)
Who says you can't read the minds of madmen anyway? It's simply an excercise in probability theory, and a little observation.
Ok, so to convince PJ he'll never forgive me for this suggestion, I'll be bolder still and suggest that the first question posed on the first installment of the "seventh inning stretch" be; "How many Taliban does it take to screw in a lightbulb?"
Or perhaps something of some weight to it like an old question of mine long gone unanswered in full;
"When battleships give way to sailboats, how does the world realize its true self?"
(offered here again specificly now as a Koan of many applications, gifted to the Chinese and Japanese leadership to help resolve their current differences)
See, hypotheticals change mindsets, and thusly change the world.


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Rank: 19339
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I've discovered what I want to do to make my difference during my time on this earth, to be the voice for the helpless, gentle creatures who cannot speak for themselves. I'm in this fight for the equality, and respect of all living beings until the end. Btw the way, names Erin! ^_^ lover/vegan/foodie. I'm an 18 years old and you can find me chillin with my cat Meow Meow down in Texas. If you wanna know anymore just gimme an add. ^_^


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Revised assessments showing larger family sizes in fast-growing, low-income countries can hardly be good news.many people will be living 50 years from now. What's interesting is what the numbers say about today's 7.2 billion humans. Because what the new projections say especially loudly, based in large part on the 2010 round of country censuses, is that women in many of the world's poorest and most conflict-prone countries are having significantly more children than previously thought, largely because many governments are no longer making family planning a high priority.
World leaders have come to see family planning as an issue that is too sensitive to bring up.as male property. And in few societies is there full acceptance that sexuality is not only essential to reproduction but meaningful and valuable even when reproduction is not a personal intention. Sex education is non-existent in many countries and scarcely adequate in any. Contraception gets confused with abortion and even in the United States is associated with promiscuity — witness the controversies surrounding the contraceptive insurance mandate in Obamacare and the availability of emergency contraception to sexually active girls.
MORE FROM YALE e360
What If Experts Are Wrong
On World Population Growth?


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Backgrounder #2755 on National Security and Defense
January 4, 2013
January 4, 2013 | Backgrounder on National Security and Defense
President Obama's 2013 budget requests for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) reveal his nuclear weapons policy priorities. The NNSA budget includes funding in its Nuclear Activities accounts that does not advance U.S. nuclear weapons modernization. Some of these activities even fund U.S. nuclear disarmament. It is essential that Congress distinguish between the two activities and force the U.S. Department of Energy to provide an honest account of costs of nuclear weapons modernization. U.S. nuclear weapons modernization constitutes an essential element of deterring adversaries and assuring allies.
President Barack Obama's nuclear modernization budget requests for the National Nuclear Security Administration reveal the President's nuclear weapons policy priorities. Despite declarations of strong commitment to the U.S. nuclear weapons program, the Administration is not following through with certifications to increase the nuclear modernization budget that it made to the Senate during its deliberations of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. In addition, programs and subprograms outlined in the President's fiscal year (FY) 2013 budget request often mix nuclear weapons modernization activities with nuclear reductions activities that do not advance U.S. nuclear weapons modernization. Congress must address this shortfall to get a more accurate idea of how much money the nation spends on nuclear weapons modernization. At the same time, Congress should also recognize scientific advancements and achievements that the National Nuclear Security Administration makes in fields beyond maintaining nuclear weapons.
The Obama Administration's Nuclear Weapons Policy
President Obama formulated his vision for the U.S. nuclear posture during his 2009 speech in Prague: "So today, I state clearly and with conviction America's commitment to seek the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons"—by reducing the role of nuclear weapons in U.S. national security strategy. President Obama, however, also emphasized that "as long as these weapons exist, the United States will maintain a safe, secure, and effective arsenal to deter any adversary, and guarantee that defense to our allies."[1] The Administration's 2010 Nuclear Posture Review translates the President's vision into five key objectives of U.S. nuclear weapons policy and posture:
The Obama Administration acknowledged the problematic state of the U.S. nuclear weapons infrastructure responsible for maintaining a safe, secure, and effective arsenal during the November 2010 New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty ratification debate. The President certified to the Senate that he would work toward mitigating problems related to the decrepit state of the nuclear weapons complex. The President said:
I intend to (a) modernize or replace the triad of strategic nuclear delivery systems: a heavy bomber and air-launched cruise missile, an ICBM, and a nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) and SLBM; and (b) maintain the United States rocket motor industrial base; I intend to (a) accelerate, to the extent possible, the design and engineering phase of the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement (CMRR) building and the Uranium Processing Facility (UPF); and (b) request full funding, including on a multi-year basis as appropriate, for the CMRR building and the UPF upon completion of the design and engineering phase for such facilities.[3]
These promises have not survived the first year since New START entered into force. While the top-line number is indicative of the President's commitment to the nuclear enterprise, it is important to look at programmatic details of how resources dedicated to the nuclear mission are directed. A closer look to the National Nuclear Security Administration's FY 2013 budget request suggests that the Administration's commitment to the nuclear weapons complex modernization is weak.
There is substantial lack of clarity when it comes to estimating costs of nuclear weapons modernization. First, a nuclear weapon can be understood as a warhead only, or as a warhead with its delivery vehicle (submarine-launched ballistic missile, intercontinental-range ballistic missile, or bomber). While the NNSA is responsible for developing and maintaining nuclear weapons warheads, the Department of Defense develops and deploys delivery systems and nuclear weapons systems.
Second, bombers and F-15E and F-16 fighters fulfill both conventional and nuclear missions. Needless to say, the majority of the costs associated with these systems are related to conventional missions. Proponents of nuclear disarmament often make an argument that funding for respective follow-on nuclear weapons delivery systems should be attributed solely to nuclear modernization plans. This is inaccurate at best because follow-on systems will focus mainly on conventional missions. The new bomber, for example, is not scheduled to be nuclear-certified until about 15 years into its operational life cycle and the costs of the nuclear variant will be minor in relation to the overall costs of the bomber.[4] The main mission of the F-35 is clearly a conventional strike and only a relatively small number of Air Force aircraft and no Navy or Marine aircraft will be nuclear-capable.
Third, there is an ongoing argument regarding costs of environmental cleanup and potential resulting health problems following U.S. nuclear weapons testing or storage of radioactive material.
Nuclear weapons modernization is an attractive target for critics of the U.S. nuclear weapons program. This is partly because the Department of Energy budget, of which the National Nuclear Security Administration is a part, is under the jurisdiction of the House and Senate Energy and Water Development Appropriations Subcommittees. This means that activities conducted under the NNSA compete against every local water improvement and dam project for funding. While critics of the nuclear weapons program deem it expensive and useless, neither is correct. Atomic Energy Defense Activities are only a tiny part of the overall federal budget or even the defense budget.[5] The account has significantly decreased in the past decades, while spending on Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, the main driver of the country's fiscal problems, has more than tripled.[6]
For decades, nuclear weapons have safeguarded U.S. and allied security from an outside threat and contributed to assurance of allies who, in return, forgo development of their own indigenous nuclear weapons capabilities. There is no substitute for nuclear deterrence. In the words of General Larry Welsh (USAF, ret.), "The nuclear deterrent is the only weapons system I know of that has worked perfectly without fail, exactly as intended, for [its] entire life span. And because [it has] been so successful, then there may be some who have forgotten why we need [it]."[7] The decrease of casualties as a percentage of world population (both civilian and military) since nuclear weapons were invented is equally impressive.[8]
Representative Edward Markey (D–MA) has recently stated that the United States spends more than $50 billion a year on the U.S. nuclear arsenal. His estimate has origins in the Ploughshare Fund's working paper stating that the United States will spend over $700 billion over the next 10 years.[9] James Miller, principal Deputy Undersecretary of Defense, corrected the Ploughshare Fund's estimate to $214 billion over the next 10 years.[10] Even this estimate is exaggerated because it counts the cost of maintaining and improving bomber conventional capability, the main mission of the bombers. This figure includes about $88 billion for the Department of Energy responsible for nuclear warhead infrastructure and about $125 billion for the Department of Defense responsible for sustaining the delivery vehicles and custody of operationally deployed warheads.
This analysis will focus on the Department of Energy FY 2013 congressional budget request for the National Nuclear Security Administration.[11] Of the four sections of this budget request (Office of the Administration, Weapons Activities, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, and Naval Reactor [12]), this paper will analyze two: Weapons Activities and Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation. This paper does not seek to provide an exhaustive account of all nuclear-weapons-related spending. The purpose of this analysis is to show that significant resources are being spent on programs not related to nuclear weapons modernization, or on programs that should be a part of the budgets of other governmental agencies, for instance, the State Department in the case of support of various international nonproliferation regimes. A careful analysis of the budget also shows that the United States is obtaining significant science and technology benefits from having a nuclear weapons program and conducting related research.[13] Its critics often dismiss these benefits.
The President's FY 2013 budget makes future Weapons Activities appropriation estimates very difficult to assess, since it does not specify activities in the FY 2014–FY 2017 time frame. According to the President's budget request, "The Administration will develop out-year funding levels based on actual programmatic requirements at a later date." What these programmatic requirements are is not clear. It is also worth mentioning that the amount allocated to the Weapons Activities Total for FY 2017 is almost $1 billion less than the amount President Obama committed to in the updated Section 1251 Report to Congress.[14] Between the FY 2013 and FY 2017 planned requests, the Administration underfunds the Weapons Activities appropriation by about $4 billion compared to the Administration's promise in the updated Section 1251 Report to Congress in October 2010.
U.S. nuclear weapons infrastructure is understood as facilities that support the production, testing, sustaining, and designing of U.S. nuclear weapons. On the production side, these are: Pantex Plant in Amarillo, Texas, where weapons are assembled and disassembled; Kansas City Plant in Kansas City, Missouri, responsible for non-nuclear manufacturing and procurement; Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, conducting uranium operations; and the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina, for tritium operations.
There are three national laboratories responsible for systems engineering, nuclear and non-nuclear component design, neutron generators, and plutonium component fabrication: Sandia National Laboratories in Sandia, New Mexico; Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico; and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California. Experiments and "subcritical" nuclear materials tests are conducted at the Nevada National Security Site in Nye County.
The President's FY 2013 budget request for the NNSA is $11.54 billion, a 4.9 percent increase over the FY 2012 enacted level[15] Of this sum, the Administration requests $7.58 billion, a 5 percent increase compared to the FY 2012 enacted level, for the Weapons Activities account, and $2.46 billion for the Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation account, a 7.1 percent increase over the FY 2012 enacted level. In total, the Administration is requesting $17.74 billion for Atomic Energy Defense Activities. For comparison, President Obama's FY 2013 National Defense budget (050 budget function) is $647.4 billion in current dollars.[16]
The Atomic Energy Defense Activities account is only about 2.7 percent of the National Defense budget. In contrast, the U.S. government is estimated to spend about $3.6 trillion in FY 2012, with major drivers of the spending being entitlements (Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid).[17] Investments in the nuclear weapons complex are relatively minor, especially considering benefits that the United States and its allies reap from the possession of its vastly qualitatively superior nuclear weapons arsenal. Exacerbating future nuclear modernization problems is the fact that U.S. nuclear infrastructure has been underfunded for decades and uses old facilities, one that dates back to World War II. The United States is the only nuclear weapons state that does not produce new nuclear weapons.
The United States produced its last new nuclear warheads in 1989. Warheads in the current stockpile are based on 1970s technology. The United States has not conducted a yield-producing experiment since 1992, when President George H. W. Bush was forced by Congress to stop U.S. nuclear weapons testing. This decision was meant to be only temporary, but a decision to resume explosive nuclear weapons testing has not been made since.[18] President George H. W. Bush's Administration rejected the notion that the U.S. nuclear deterrent could be maintained without nuclear testing:
Specifically, Section 507 of H.R. 5373, which concerns nuclear testing, is highly objectionable. It may prevent the United States from conducting underground nuclear tests that are necessary to maintain a safe and reliable nuclear deterrent. This provision unwisely restricts the number and purpose of U.S. nuclear tests and will make future U.S. nuclear testing dependent on actions by another country, rather than on our own national security requirements.[19]
In 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates stated, "To be blunt, there is absolutely no way we can maintain a credible deterrent and reduce the number of weapons in our stockpile without either resorting to testing our stockpile or pursuing a modernization program."[20] The United States has not fully pursued either. The decision not to pursue yield-producing experiments has significantly changed the focus of the National Nuclear Laboratories. While engineers and scientists no longer spend most of their time trying to develop better nuclear weapon designs capable of addressing challenges of the current international environment, like destroying deeply buried targets in North Korea and Iran or figuring out how nuclear weapons can help to mitigate effects of a potential chemical or biological attack, they are focusing on improving or validating nuclear computer code calculations used to assess U.S. weapons. The United States currently retains seven types of nuclear warheads: B61, W76, W78, W80, B83, W87, and W88.
The FY 2013 budget request for the Weapons Activities account is $7.58 billion. Not all the activities funded from this program, however, contribute directly to advancing knowledge about how to create better nuclear weapons capabilities for the United States. This is despite the fact that one of the goals stated in the Program Overview and Benefits is to "support U.S. leadership in science and technology."[21]
It is important to recognize that many activities under the Weapons Activities program contribute to U.S. security but should not take priority over, or divert funding from, addressing broader nuclear weapons modernization problems the United States currently faces. For example, the Directed Stockpile work program's targeted outcomes are: (1) "complete annual assessments of the stockpile to ensure it is safe, secure, and effective" and (2) "complete by 2022 the dismantlement of all weapon systems retired prior to 2009." Dismantlement activities do not contribute to the modernization of the U.S. nuclear weapons program.[22]
In FY 2011, the NNSA completed 120 percent of the scheduled weapon dismantlement goals. In FY 2013, the Administration requests $51.27 million for the Weapons Dismantlement and Disposition activity. This is a 9.4 percent reduction compared to the FY 2012 enacted level. Other enabling programs under the NNSA (Stockpile Services Production Support, Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities) saw their respective budgets increased by over 11 percent each. These programs, however, support other NNSA activities, so it is not clear how much the Weapons Dismantlement actually costs.
The Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities Program saw its subprograms and activities changed. The Program Readiness Activity was transferred to the Science, Technology and Engineering Capability Support Subprogram from the Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities Subprogram. The FY 2012 enacted level for the Program Readiness Activity is $73.62 million but the Science, Technology and Engineering Capability Support subprogram's request is $166.95 million.[23] Material Recycle and Recovery, Containers, and Storage Activities, totaling $137.87 million in FY 2012 (enacted), were transferred into the Nuclear Operations Capability Support Subprogram for which the Administration requests $203.35 million. The Nuclear Operations Capability Support subprogram supports other activities as well. The problem is that such merging makes it difficult to distinguish between funding for nuclear dismantlement, for example, pursuant to New START, and other legitimate nuclear weapons modernization activities.
A concrete example of the difficulty of distinguishing between funding for nuclear modernization and disarmament is resources spent on the development of a custom tooling device to dismantle the B-83 bomb at the NNSA's Pantex Plant.[24] While the device will contribute to lowering the overall costs of dismantlement, there is very little tangible nuclear weapons modernization value in the device itself. These dismantlement activities are paid for from the Weapons Activities part of the NNSA budget. The B-83 dismantlement at Y-12, another example, required "significant upgrades" to "facilities, equipment, and tooling" and hiring and training of "new dismantlement personnel."[25]
These activities are important but do not contribute to U.S. nuclear weapons modernization. While the NNSA bestows Pollution Prevention awards for environmental stewardship, there is no comparative award for new nuclear weapons designs. Even if weapons will not actually be built, the policy can change and the NNSA must preserve the ability of scientists and engineers to conduct nuclear weapon design work.
It is clear that the NNSA operates within policy constraints currently articulated in the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR). This policy can be summarized with three "no's": (1) no new weapons, (2) no new military missions, and (3) no new capabilities.[26] Such policies naturally reward certain areas of research while discouraging others. This is in contrast with the two previous NPRs, which directed retention of the ability to design new nuclear weapons.
Thomas D'Agostino, Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and Administrator for the National Nuclear Security Administration, recently stated, "In my tenure in this job and however long it's going to be out into the future, I'm supremely confident that we do not need to test a warhead."[27] Yet, at the December 2008 Nuclear Deterrence Summit, he stated that "we must heed the technical concerns expressed by our laboratory directors regarding the risks in maintaining the aging Cold War stockpile over the long term without nuclear testing."[28] Even D'Agostino recognizes that the "metallurgical and chemical issues we face with our aging warheads continue to be a technical challenge for our best scientists and risk of catastrophic technical failure occurring as our warheads age cannot be ruled out absolutely."[29]
The Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation part of the NNSA FY 2013 budget request is $2.46 billion.[30] With a 7.1 percent increase from the FY 2012 enacted level, the Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation budget category grew more than any other category in the NNSA budget. While Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation is important, these activities do not directly advance the U.S. ability to modernize its strategic or tactical nuclear weapons arsenal and therefore should not be considered a part of the nuclear modernization spending.
While precise numbers are impossible to obtain, it is clear that the budget invests millions of dollars to advance various arms control initiatives, like the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), which vastly increases the costs and complicates our nuclear weapons modernization efforts. While it is important to advance science to support the U.S. ability to monitor other nations' nuclear weapons tests and programs, this need should be recognized on its own merit and not in connection with CTBT, a treaty that the U.S. Senate rejected after a full floor debate in 1999. Activities associated with CTBT international promotion should be funded by the State Department's budget.
Questions Surrounding New START's Implementation Remain. The NNSA FY 2013 budget proposal does not reveal how much it will cost to implement New START. The bilateral treaty signed with the Russian Federation in April 2010 requires the United States to remove about 150 ICBMs and SLBMs from operational status.[31] Obama Administration officials were silent on the issue of costs related to New START implementation during Senate committee hearings prior to the Senate's consent to ratification of the treaty. Dismantlement activities do not contribute to advancing new nuclear weapons designs or capabilities. The NNSA will also bear some of the costs associated with verification of the treaty.[32]
The Obama Administration proposes to spend $40.57 million on Nuclear Verification in FY 2013 alone and over $180 million between FY 2014 and FY 2017.[33] Yet, it is impossible to determine how much implementation of New START will cost solely by reading the budget request. This is because a plethora of other activities are funded along with New START's implementation in the same categories. It is important that Congress distinguish between the two and make sure that these funds are not counted as part of the nuclear modernization program.
Millions of Dollars for Russia. The NNSA's budget request includes millions of dollars for nuclear cooperation with the Russian Federation. The President's FY 2013 budget request is $3.79 million for Russian Surplus Fissile Materials Disposition, a 278.8 percent increase over the FY 2012 enacted level.[34] These funds are important. While the NNSA possesses the knowledge and skills necessary for conducting disposition activities, these activities should be funded from the International Affairs account because they are an important element of bilateral relations. Russian-Origin Nuclear Material Removal will cost U.S. taxpayers $102 million in FY 2013 if the President's request remains unchanged.[35]
After the Obama Administration signed New START with the Russian Federation, it became clear that most reductions pursuant to the treaty will be on the U.S. side.[36] The treaty is touted as a crown jewel of the Administration's "reset" policy with Russia. In reality, "reset" is nothing but a list of concessions.[37] Since New START was signed, Moscow has announced the most extensive nuclear weapons modernization program since the end of the Cold War.[38] Russian Chief of General Staff Nikolai Makarov threatened a pre-emptive strike if the United States proceeds with its Phased Adaptive Approach, a missile defense plan for the protection of U.S. allies and the U.S. homeland in its later stages.[39]
Under such conditions, substantial resources spent on reducing nuclear dangers in Russia should be linked to further advancing U.S. interests in the country. For example, the United States could use its funding and diplomatic tools to insist that the Russian Federation allow the release of unclassified memoranda of understanding pursuant to New START. These exchanges are important sources of insights into Russia's strategic forces developments.[40]
It is important that Congress have a clear picture about what activities directly contribute to advancing U.S. nuclear weapons capabilities and what activities advance broader science or are important for dismantling the U.S. stockpile. To that end, Congress should:
For over five decades, men and women in the National Nuclear Laboratories have contributed to tremendous U.S. technological achievements in nuclear and other related fields. All too often, Members of Congress have been tempted to discount these contributions and claim that dismantlement of U.S. nuclear weapons will solve fiscal troubles of the Department of Defense. This is just not so. It is time to lay foundations of a transparent discussion of how much U.S. nuclear weapons modernization costs and why the country needs it. The first step is to distinguish between nuclear weapons modernization spending and arms control implementation and other international nonproliferation measures.
—Michaela Bendikova is Research Associate for Strategic Issues in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, a division of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies. Baker Spring is F. M. Kirby Research Fellow in National Security Policy in the Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, at The Heritage Foundation.
Show references in this report
[1] News release, "Remarks by President Barack Obama, Hradcany Square, Prague, Czech Republic," The White House, April 5, 2009, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-President-Barack-Obama-In-Prague-As-Delivered (accessed November 27, 2012).
[2] U.S. Department of Defense, "Nuclear Posture Review Report," April 2010, http://www.defense.gov/npr/docs/2010%20nuclear%20posture%20review%20report.pdf (accessed November 27, 2012).
[3] New release, "Message from the President on the New START Treaty," The White House, February 2, 2011, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/02/message-president-new-start-treaty-0 (accessed November 27, 2012).
[4] Baker Spring and Michaela Bendikova, "Nuclear Certification for a New Bomber," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3408, November 7, 2011, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/11/nuclear-certification-for-a-new-bomber.
[5] The Heritage Foundation, "Mandatory Spending Has Increased Nearly Six Times Faster than Discretionary Spending," Federal Budget in Pictures, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/federalbudget/mandatory-discretionary-spending.
[6] The Heritage Foundation "Medicare and Other Entitlements Are Crowding Out Spending on Defense," Federal Budget in Pictures, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/federalbudget/defense-entitlement-spending.
[7] General Larry Welch, remarks at the AFA, NDIA, and ROA Congressional Breakfast Seminar Series, April 25, 2012, http://www.afa.org/hbs/transcripts/2012/5-25-2012%20Gen%20Larry%20Welch%20v2.pdf (accessed November 27, 2012).
[8] Keith B. Payne, testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, Appropriations Committee, U.S. Senate, July 25, 2012, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=keith%20payne%20testimony&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&ved=0CDYQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appropriations.senate.gov%2Fht-energy.cfm%3Fmethod%3Dhearings.download%26id%3D2b93130e-74b5-40fc-90bc-e8dd0341f8ca&ei=VuZAUPj3GsX50gGEz4D4Cg&usg=AFQjCNFU-zyt5GODvqRmlnqm_q7fJnkZMA (accessed November 27, 2012).
[9] "What We Spend on Nuclear Weapons," Ploughshares Fund Working Paper, Ver. 2, September 27, 2011, http://www.ploughshares.org/sites/default/files/resources/What%20We%20Spend%20on%20Nuclear%20Weapons%20092811.pdf (accessed November 27, 2012).
[10] James N. Miller, statement before the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. House of Representatives, November 2, 2011, http://armedservices.house.gov/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=faad05df-9016-42c5-86bc-b83144c635c9 (accessed November 27, 2012).
[11] Department of Energy, FY 2013 Congressional Budget Request: National Nuclear Security Administration, February 2012, http://nnsa.energy.gov/sites/default/files/nnsa/02-12-inlinefiles/FY%202013%20Congressional%20Budget%20for%20NNSA.pdf (accessed November 28, 2012).
[12] The Naval Reactors program should be a model for the other elements of the NNSA budget. It has delivered on time and driven down costs. Resources are meant to maintain weapons systems (reactors for aircraft carriers and submarines).
[13] For example, the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility, a part of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, is the world's leading provider of radioactive isotopes for medicinal purposes.
[14] News release, "Fact Sheet: An Enduring Commitment to the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent," The White House, November 17, 2010, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/17/fact-sheet-enduring-commitment-us-nuclear-deterrent (accessed August 31, 2012), and Department of Energy, FY 2013 Congressional Budget Request: National Nuclear Security Administration, p. 5.
[15] Department of Energy, FY 2013 Congressional Budget Request for the National Nuclear Security Administration, p. 1.
[16] Baker Spring, "Obama's Defense Budget Makes Protecting America Its Lowest Priority," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2658, March 1, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/obamas-defense-budget-makes-protecting-america-its-lowest-priority.
[17] The Heritage Foundation, "Federal Spending Exceeds Federal Revenue by More than $1 Trillion," Federal Budget in Pictures, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/federalbudget/growth-federal-spending-revenue.
[18] President Bush's original cessation of nuclear weapons testing was not meant to be permanent.
[19] President George H. W. Bush, "Statement on Signing the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1993," The American Presidency Project, October 2, 1992, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=21558 (accessed November 28, 2012).
[20] Robert Gates, "Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in the 21st Century," speech at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, October 28, 2008, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/1028_transcrip_gates_checked.pdf (accessed November 28, 2012).
[21] Department of Energy, FY 2013 Congressional Budget Request: National Nuclear Security Administration, p. 40.
[22] Ibid., p. 43.
[23] The subprogram supports other NNSA activities. Department of Energy, FY 2013 Congressional Budget Request: National Nuclear Security Administration, p. 158.
[24] "New B83 Tooling Goes Not Only Hoistless, But Cordless," Pantexan, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Spring 2011).
[25] News Release, "NNSA Announces Completion of First B83 Dismantlement at Y-12," National Nuclear Security Administration, January 20, 2011, http://nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/pressreleases/b83dismantlement12011 (accessed November 28, 2012).
[26] U.S. Department of Defense, "Nuclear Posture Review Report."
[27] Kate Brannen, "Nuke Expert Pool Shrinking," Defense News, April 14, 2012, http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120414/DEFREG02/304140002/Nuke-Expert-Pool-Shrinking (accessed November 28, 2012).
[28] Thomas D'Agostino, "Charting a Sustainable Course for the National Nuclear Security Enterprise," speech at Nuclear Deterrent Summit, December 5, 2008, http://www.nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/speeches/presented-nuclear-deterrent-summit-%E2%80%9Ccharting-sustainable-course-national-nuclear- (accessed November 28, 2012).
[29] Baker Spring, "CTBT: New Study Fails to Resolve Differences over Risks to U.S. Nuclear Arsenal," Heritage Foundation Issue Brief No. 3556, March 31, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/ctbt-new-study-fails-to-resolve-differences-over-risks-to-us-nuclear-arsenal?lfa=Protect-America.
[30] Department of Energy, FY 2013 Congressional Budget Request: National Nuclear Security Administration, p. 1.
[31] "Nuclear Weapons Modernization: White House Lacks Commitment," Heritage Foundation Factsheet No. 76, December 1, 2010, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Factsheets/2010/12/Nuclear-Weapons-Modernization-White-House-Lacks-Commitment.
[32] These costs are shared by the Department of Defense and the Department of State, albeit disproportionately (the Department of Defense pays more).
[33] Department of Energy, FY 2013 Congressional Budget Request: National Nuclear Security Administration, p. 396.
[34] Ibid., p. 9.
[35] In October 2012, the Russian government announced that it will not seek the extension of the Nunn–Lugar cooperation after the program expires in 2013. Baker Spring and Michaela Bendikova, "Russia Draws a Veil over Its Weapons Program," The Heritage Foundation, The Foundry, October 17, 2012, http://blog.heritage.org/2012/10/17/russia-draws-a-veil-over-its-weapons-program/.
[36] U.S. Department of State, "New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms," Fact Sheet, June 1, 2011, http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/164722.htm (accessed November 28, 2012).
[37] "Reset Regret: Heritage Foundation Recommendations," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3334, August 5, 2011, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/08/reset-regret-heritage-foundation-recommendations.
[38] Mark B. Schneider, "After New Start," National Review Online, July 21, 2011, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/272340/after-new-start-mark-b-schneider?page=1 (accessed November 28, 2012).
[39] S. Smithson, "Russia Threatens to Strike NATO Missile Defense Sites," The Washington Times, May 3, 2012, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/may/3/russia-threatens-strike-nato-missile-defense-sites/ (accessed November 28, 2012).
[40] Hans M. Kristensen, "New START Data Exchange: Will It Increase or Decrease International Nuclear Transparency?" FAS Strategic Security Blog, March 22, 2011, http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2011/03/startexchange.php (accessed November 4, 2012).
[41] Baker Spring and Michaela Bendikova, "Congress Must Demand Details of New START Implementation," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3230, April 18, 2011, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/04/congress-must-demand-details-of-new-start-implementation.


text:
There is a great new innovation that can evaluate how effectively coaches are using their players–Player Usage Charts. At the quickest of glances, they show which players are paired up with whom, against what level of opponents, in which zone and how effectively the team plays in such situations. Which team is using their players the best?
Player Usage Charts combine the percentage of shifts a player starts in the offensive zone (horizontal axis) and the average level of competition he faces (vertical axis), with a sized and colored bubble that's based on the team's attempted shot differential when the given player is on the ice.
These charts put shutdown forwards in the top-left corner, offensive-minded stars on the right side and sheltered depth players along the bottom. There's a lot of information in these charts, which are introduced in more detail in the 2011-12 Player Usage Charts PDF.
What follows here are the player usage chart for every team so far this season, with a few brief highlights of who is being used particularly effectively, and who isn't. Each slide also includes my personal take on the team's player usage overall. Let's begin!
Player Usage Charts are via writer's own original research, with data sourced from Behind the Net.


text:
You limited your search to:
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Country: Brazil
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Tunza: The UNEP Magazine for Youth, Volume 4, Number 3, 2007
Date: 2007
Creator: Lean, Geoffrey
Description: Tunza is a UNEP magazine for and by young people. This issue is devoted to the value of forest ecosystems.
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GEO Year Book 2004/5: An Overview of Our Changing Environment
Date: 2005
Creator: United Nations Environment Programme
Description: This publication discusses global environmental efforts, successes, and setbacks of 2004.
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Kew-Eliasch Review Consultation: Report to the Office of Climate Change
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Creator: Moat, Justin; Crouch, Charlotte; Milliken, William; Smith, Paul; Hamilton, Martin; Baena, Susana et al.
Description: This paper discusses the research tools used to create baseline data for carbon offset mechanisms. The paper explains vegetation survey methodologies with examples of their application in a variety of contexts. These range from rapid studies using remote sensing imagery, to full multiphase survey methods. The paper gives specific examples of how these methods are used to monitor deforestation and forest regeneration.
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text:
My people who work in Microsoft/Intel environment say....
that this issue is, first, only limited to the IBM midrange, and two,
signals the final nail in the midrange environment.
is this practice limited to IBM midrange???
This mailing list archive is Copyright 1997-2017 by midrange.com and David Gibbs as a compilation work. Use of the archive is restricted to research of a business or technical nature. Any other uses are prohibited. Full details are available here. If you have questions about this, please contact


text:
BOGS Men's Realtree Bowman Rubber Hunting Boots
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Rated 4 out of 5�by Zmanbt Lightweight, scent free and warm Good boot. Very comfortable and fairly warm. Would like a little more snugness in the heel but it's not bad. Would definitely recommend this boot. November 5, 2013
1-2 of 2


text:
Product Name: Manufacturer : EATON CORPORATION
Description : >>> PW5125 5000 5000VA/4500W [103003611-5597]
Condition : Brand New With Original Manufacturer Warranty.
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text:
It's by turns infuriating and farcical.
It has become increasingly clear that the debt ceiling and deficit reduction dramas are manufactured emergencies driven by electoral politics, though the consequences of inaction are very real. The desire to stay in office, to hold on to this or that position of leadership, to stick it to one's despised political foe with a kind of suit-and-tie snarly glee. These pathological needs now trump everything else. And it's dispiriting to watch.
Words have lost their meaning — their basic correspondence to things and ideas by which we judge the validity and persuasiveness of human speech. Half-truths and blatant falsehoods are spun into implausible narratives uttered in grave tones and with straight faces. And almost always by middle-aged and older white men. Where are the women in this debate? (Women could knock this thing out.)
Partisan politics in the digital age depends on a distracted, uninformed electorate. It's not helpful to the cause of conservative intransigence for voters to know that, without fuss or fanfare, Republicans voted numerous times during the Bush presidency to raise the debt limit.
And neither side in this made-up crisis has given appropriate attention to the poor. For years now, both Democrats and Republicans have made the middle class their primary legislative concern, their targeted demographic for election and re-election propaganda. The poor, let's face it, are a drag on our collective hope in the American dream. In fact, we're not even sure that the poor are really all that poor. I mean, 97 percent of them have refrigerators! How bad could their lives really be?
Having written a reflection on the appointed gospel reading for this coming Sunday, I'm thinking about these matters in light of Jesus' encounters with the poor in the towns and villages, hillsides and seashores, of the Galilee. In the deserted places of Empire, Jesus met the hungry masses in all of their tiresome, needy, inconvenient humanity. It would have been easier to stay in seclusion, to pass the problem off to the disciples, which he actually did at first: "you give them something to eat," he says to them.
But he takes a meager sack lunch of bread and fish, blesses and breaks it, and gives it to the disciples to give to the crowds. It's a familiar story and one that strains logic, leaving us skeptical and incredulous, especially the part about collecting 12 baskets of leftovers when everyone had eaten their fill.
At least, though, we can acknowledge that the early Christians preserved and passed on a story like this because their imaginations had been shaped by a story of abundance, not of scarcity. The fear-mongering ways of Empire were rejected and a new way of being — life and health and wholeness for all, even women and children in the gospel of Matthew's telling of the story — was the good news.
Fear and scarcity are the watchwords of Empire politics today. They divide and diminish us — reducing our elected officials to buffoons one day, calculating schemers the next — and making us, regardless of party affiliation, co-conspirators in the misery they plot.
But we can resist. Without resorting to the hard-edged parochialism of the religious right, we can embrace the politics of Jesus. We can refuse the politics of fear and scarcity and choose instead another way of being: life and health and wholeness for all — even for women and children and the poor in our midst.
Debra Dean Murphy is an assistant professor of Religion and Christian Education at West Virginia Wesleyan College and serves on the board of The Ekklesia Project. She regularly blogs at Intersections: Thoughts on Religion, Culture, and Politics.
We welcome your reflections, essays, videos, or news items for possible publication on the Being Blog. Submit your entry through our First Person Outreach page.


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The Legend of the Legendary Heroes
The Directionless Ingrate
Episode 19 | TV-14
Tiir takes Ryner to a refuge for people and children who possess what he calls the eyes of God. Tiir swears vengeance against the heartless humans who murder their kind. In Gastark, King Riphal is blunt about his plans for Kiefer.
Sub Expires: 11-15-2013
Dub Expires: 03-21-2015
Official Site: www.funimation.com/shows/the-legend-of-the-legendary-heroesHide Details


text: This set of slides was presented at the Smart Grid Demonstration Advisory Meeting on October 13, 2009 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. This presentation provides policy information about regional profiles, framework, and aggregation methods for distributed resource integration. It clarifies regional drivers, challenges, activities, and methods to integrate distributed resources, regional activities and their relationships to support collaboration, enhance leverage, and identify demonstration needs within regional contexts.


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Reports (DBP) Titler
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The European Commission; The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC); INGINEUS; Department of Business and Politics; DBP; Department of Business and Politics; DBP (, 2011)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8637
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A deliverable of the project: "Impact of the Third Sector as Social Innovation" (ITSSOIN), European Commission – 7th Framework ProgrammeBrink Lund, Anker; Lilleør, Anton Sylvest (Brussels, 2015)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This report from the ITSSOIN-project contains content and framing analyses of 8463 items on third sector activities sampled from the year 2013 in leading national and regional newspapers from nine European countries, posing the research question: How are third sector activities and social innovation framed by European news media? The analysis is one part of the deliverable D2.3 'Images of the Third Sector' of the ITSSOIN project. D2.3 has been conceptualised to evaluate perceptions of media and citizens attitudes towards the third sector. Both perspectives are published as distinct and independent papers. Readers also interested in the citizen perception find more insights in the publication 'Empirical analyses of citizen perceptions of the third sector in Europe'. The introduction (section 1) demonstrates that little relevant media research has been published specifically on third sector activities related to social innovation policy and civic engagement. Consequently, it is argued that more empirical research is urgently needed, and that a framing perspective, drawing upon the growing literatures of agenda-setting and diffusion of innovation, is particularly relevant for studies of this kind. The media content analysis (section 2) summarizes the major trends in mediated discourse on third sector activities in the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom 2003-2013. These tendencies are related to social innovation policy streams documenting that the latter is covered to a minimal extent. In all the countries under study, journalism tends to neglect innovative performances by the third sector. In so doing, mass media may not directly influence public opinion by telling people what to think, but rather indirectly by indicating to the decision makers what (not) to act upon. The framing analysis (section 3) indicates that third sector activities – in marked contrast to business and politics – do not have high priority as a news reporting beat in their own right. The third sector is primarily mediated with localized references to specific organizations and individuals performing advocacy and services provision on a non-profit basis. In the relatively few instances where social innovation policy in a more general sense is related to the third sector media coverage, the reporting is overwhelmingly loyal to government views. Four hypotheses are tested (section 4) showing that the press framing of the third sector is generally positive. It is also demonstrated how social innovativeness is less pronounced in press coverage than other civil society values, e.g. voluntarism and civic engagement. Most of the press coverage is consensus-oriented leaving little room for anti-establishment frames. Especially after the financial crisis of 2008, "volunteering" and "civil society" have become political catchwords regarded by governments as well as journalist to be universal solutions to social problems. Finally, an affinity between the media framing of different third sector fields and civil society roles is indicated. Advocacy is particularly emphasised in relation to environmental sustainability and community development. Service provision is stronger in relation to social services and healthcare. Please note that the study is explorative rather than explanatory in scope. Accordingly, we advise caution in drawing general conclusion from the limited amount of data available (section 5), and call for more empirical and comparative research involving a broader variety of media platforms, including electronic- and social media. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9187
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The European Commission; INGINEUS; The Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU); Department of Business and Politics; DBP; Department of Business and Politics; DBP (, 2011)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The main objective of WP9 was to provide insights into inter-sectoral differences in drivers, degree and patterns of global innovation network formation. Three different sectors, each representing their own category in the influential Pavitt (1984) taxonomy, are chosen as cases. Thus, the WP provided insights into GIN formation in each of these sectors on their own and, by way of comparative analysis, lifted the analysis to a more general European level perspective. The main research questions were: What GIN patterns are forming in the selected sectors, and to what extent are these influenced (driven, constrained) by contextual conditions specific to these sectors? The point of departure for this work package was the recognition that sectors diverge with respect to knowledge, cumulativeness and opportunity conditions. Existing empirical work e.g. show that the "global footprints" of different industries diverge according to the degree of tacitness and complexity of involved knowledge; according to degree of modularity of the product; and with the distribution of actors and environments globally which can be identified and towards which relevant linkages may be formed. Thus, different sectors face different tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces of internationalization; which result in different patterns of international search, sourcing and collaboration. Understanding these are critical to the formulation of innovation policy in a context of globalization, as the patterns of GINs forming will determine home and host implications. National and EU level innovation policy must simultaneously account for the firm level need to interact and use the most competent and cost-effective partners world-wide; while ensuring that the linkages formed at this level strengthen rather than hollow out innovative capabilities at those same national and EU levels. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8635
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The European Commission; University of Sussex; Department of Business and Politics; DBP; Department of Business and Politics; DBP (, 2011)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8636
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[Dalton] Mohawk has tapped Mollie Surratt as its new senior director of public relations and marketing content. Surratt brings more than seven years of marketing experience to the company.
"She is an innovative communications professional with a proven record of implementing successful marketing and public relations campaigns. We are confident that Mollie's experience and professional creativity will ensure that our powerful brands remain strategically positioned in the residential and commercial marketplaces", said Elise Demboski, vice president of creative services, Mohawk.
Surratt comes to Mohawk from Shaw Industries, where she most recently served as the director of marketing for the Anderson Hardwood Floors brand.
"Over the past seven years, I have fallen in love with the flooring industry," said Surratt. "I have a passion for working with great brands and I'm looking forward to collaborating with Mohawk's dynamic team of talented associates."
Mollie Surratt


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Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II, III, IV, V, and VI of Public Law 102-575, October 30, 1992.
This is a list of United States Code sections, Statutes at Large, Public Laws, and Presidential Documents, which provide rulemaking authority for this CFR Part.
This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].
It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.
§ 551 - Definitions
§ 552 - Public information; agency rules, opinions, orders, records, and proceedings
§ 552a - Records maintained on individuals
§ 552b - Open meetings
§ 553 - Rule making
§ 554 - Adjudications
§ 555 - Ancillary matters
§ 556 - Hearings; presiding employees; powers and duties; burden of proof; evidence; record as basis of decision
§ 557 - Initial decisions; conclusiveness; review by agency; submissions by parties; contents of decisions; record
§ 558 - Imposition of sanctions; determination of applications for licenses; suspension, revocation, and expiration of licenses
§ 559 - Effect on other laws; effect of subsequent statute
§ 620k note - Authorization of appropriations
106 Stat. 4600
106 Stat. 4625


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Vermont Authors: Community Conversation Series with Fran Stoddard
Vermont authors share stories of their lives, inspiration and work with Fran Stoddard, former Vermont Public Television host of Profile. Join the conversation! Light refreshments.
March 5 • Spirit
Jernigan Pontiac, taxi driver, story teller
Marc Estrin, writer, cellist
March 12 • Nature
Marilyn Webb Neagley, wellness advocate, mother, grandmother
Natalie Kinsey-Warnock, author, athlete
March 26 • Art
Bonnie Tocher Clause, writer, researcher
Tracey Campbell Pearson, children's book author & illustrator
Presented by All Souls Interfaith Gathering, Pierson Library, Shelburne Farms, Shelburne Museum with support from RETN.Registration Details:
No reservations. Space is limited (seating first-come, first served). Information: 985-3819
See all events.


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Student Media
Active transport expert to speak
Monday, March 12, 2012
Greg Lindsey is the executive associate dean at the Humphrey School of Public Affairs in Minneapolis.
University of Minnesota scholar Greg Lindsey will discuss the relationships between the built environment and active transportation 3 p.m. March 19 at Glacier South in Atwood Memorial Center.
Active transportation refers to non-motorized transportation such as walking and bicycling.
Lindsey is an executive associate dean at the University of Minnesota's Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs in Minneapolis. His areas of expertise include environmental planning, policy and management; infrastructure planning and management, including non-motorized and active transportation, water resources and recreation. He has partnered with the Minnesota Department of Transportation, the Minneapolis Department of Public Works, Transit for Livable Communities and the Minneapolis Parks and Recreation Board.
Presently, most areas are not designed to allow people to walk or cycle and instead are designed for vehicular traffic. There is a growing movement to plan and construct areas to be friendlier to walkers and cyclists. As obesity rates rise among adults and children, this movement in support of active transportation has grown and a number of cities such as Chicago and Portland, Ore. are redesigning spaces to incorporate active transportation.
The free public event is hosted by the School of Public Affairs. For more information, call 320-308-4790.
University Communications
St. Cloud State University


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Petunia Pickle Bottom Black Quilted Sashay Satchell
- Overview
This incredibly stylish bag keeps right up with your busy life, transforming from a diaper bag into a satchel, backpack or handbag, it's whatever is needed right now. It includes a removable changing pad and a monogrammed wipes case.
- 13.25" wide x 5.5" deep x 15" high
- Exterior is made of a water-resistant quilted polyester with a light gray interior lining.
- Floral pattern is discreetly stitched onto exterior fabric.
- Features a new water-resistant lined interior with two organizational pockets, two bottle pockets, one zippered pocket and a no more digging key clip.
- Padded shoulder straps, two exterior bottle pockets and large magazine pockets with internal cell phone pocket.
- Converts to backpack for an additional carrying option with convenient storage space when not in use.
- Includes a removable gray / light gray changing pad and monogrammed plastic wipes case.
- Dimensions & Care
- Dry clean only.
- Spot clean interior lining with white, damp cloth.
- Shipping & Return Info
This is a general shipping item.
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At Pottery Barn Kids, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction is our priority. We carefully inspect your order prior to shipment; upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage. We will arrange for a prompt replacement. If, within 7 days for Quick Ship upholstery and 30 days for all other products, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value.
If your return for Merchandise Credit Cards is greater than $10,000, we will issue $10,000 in Merchandise Credit Cards to you that day, and then mail additional Merchandise Credit Card(s) for the amount in excess of $10,000 to you.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. We also cannot accept returns of final-sale items, which are identified by a price that ends in $0.99.
For returns of items purchased from your Pottery Barn Kids registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later.
For assistance, please contact Customer Service at 800.993.4923
International Returns: Online returns are available only for items that were shipped to the United States. If you would like to return items that were shipped outside the US, please see International Returns and Exceptions.


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Bass Pro Shops Stik-O Worm - 4-1/4''
Bass Pro Shops® Stik-O™ Worm casts like a rock. This worm wreaks havoc on suspended and bedding bass. Easy to rig—impossible to fish wrong! Loaded with salt and infused with 8up scent. Made in USA.
- Casts like a rock
- Great on suspended and bedding bass
- Easy to rig
- Loaded with salt and infused with 8up scent
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