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14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was written in 1865 and proposed to the states for ratification. This amendment guarantees rights of citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law to all citizens. It was ratified in 1868. Text adapted from "Eight Key Documents on Civil Rights" in the November/December 1978 National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) publication Social Education.
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Cisco buys Microsoft Office collaboration company
Cisco Monday announced that it has acquired privately held Versly, a maker of collaboration software for Microsoft Office applications.
Cisco Monday announced that it has acquired privately held Versly, a maker of collaboration software for Microsoft Office applications.
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The Fujitsu LifeBook UH574 allowed for great mobility without being obnoxiously heavy or clunky. Its twelve hours of battery life did not disappoint.
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My first impression after unboxing the Q702 is that it is a nice looking unit. Styling is somewhat minimalist but very effective. The tablet part, once detached, has a nice weight, and no buttons or switches are located in awkward or intrusive positions.

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Lake Placid will replace trolleys
LAKE PLACID – The village plans to replace its two trolleys this summer.
Each of the trolleys has about 175,000 miles on it, which is around the point when the state Department of Transportation recommends a trolley be retired, Mayor Craig Randall told the village board at a Monday night meeting.
The company the trolleys come from, called Molly's Trolleys, estimated that it would be at least a year until it could make new ones for Lake Placid, but when village officials told them that wouldn't work, they offered to immediately sell the village two that were already made and used as display vehicles.
The trolleys will cost $140,000 each, and the village's share will be 10 percent, for a total of $28,000.
The trolleys will be purchased on a grant program that passes state and federal funds through the county. The state covers another 10 percent of the expense, and the federal government pays the remaining 80 percent of the cost.
Earlier Monday, the Essex County Ways and Means Committee approved the county's purchasing agent to seek bids for the new trolleys and award them.
At the village board meeting, Trustee Jason Leon asked what the plan is for the two trolleys being scrapped. Randall said they're leased from Essex County, so it would be up to the county to figure out what to do with them. He said he assumes that if they can't be used for public service, they will be sold.
This purchase was planned for the 2013-14 budget, which is still being worked on, but Randall said this plan would take it out of the current year's fund balance instead, reducing the tax levy a bit.
Extra trolley
The village also plans to send some of its Department of Public Works officials to Mechanicville to look at a smaller used trolley for sale there. That trolley is being sold for $5,472, Randall said.
Trustee Peter Holderied said that price almost seems too good to be true.
If the DPW workers think the trolley is worth it, the board said it can be purchased. The money would also come out of this year's fund balance.
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"Kindness", unconditional cooperation, mutual
"Kindness", unconditional cooperation, mutual responsibility, love,...are fundamental human traits. Without them humanity would not have survived and evolved to the point 'Eve' asked "Why am I?" Since 'Adam' initiated the activity that created ever more, increasingly complex "religious/philosophical" answers in an effort to "fill the void" discovered by 'Eve's' question, the traits humanity "remains rooted in" have been suppressed accordingly. The consequences threaten our survival. If there is time to avoid self-destruction, the only way we will is by discarding the religious/philosophical and other ways we try to fill the void and return to our roots. http://www.thelastwhy.ca/poem/

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Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
On-line version ISSN 2411-9717
Print version ISSN 0038-223X
J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. vol.112 n.8 Johannesburg Jan. 2012
Origins of some fractures around tabular stopes in deep South African mines
G. van AswegenI; M. StanderII
IInstitute of Mine Seismology, Stellenbosch
IIOpen House Management Solutions, Potchefstroom
The geometry and morphology of a set of low-angle fractures around a stope in a deep Witwatersrand gold mine are explained in terms of extension fractures forming under variable conditions of stress. Primary extension fractures (E1) form some distance ahead of an advancing stope along the σι, σ2 plane. With stope advance, a couple of these fractures end up in a stress regime conducive to transpressional shear and a secondary set of extension fractures (E2) is formed at a high angle to the primary fractures. i.e. at a low angle to the stope. As the E2 fractures are undermined, they migrate into a stress regime of transtensional shear and a third set of extension fractures (E3) may develop between E2 fractures. These have sigmoidal shapes, being parallel to the E2 fractures at the E2 discontinuity where σ3 is negative, and curved through the un-fractured rock between E2 fractures where σ3 is positive at the instant of fracturing.
The fractures all display fractographic features characteristic of dynamic extension failure with striae indicative of the direction of rupture propagation and the local, instantaneous orientation of σ1.
Keywords: fracturing, extension fractures, low-angle fractures, fracture classification.
We describe some observations and interpretations of fractures associated with deep, tabular stopes in gold mines of the Witwatersrand Supergroup (Wits) and note similarities to some fractures in the Bushveld Complex platinum mines. We briefly cover the popular nomenclature of the fractures and focus on the genesis of a set of flat-dipping fractures that pose roof stability problems in many stopes.
The salient features of these ore deposits are described in numerous texts, and are conveniently summarized for the rock mechanics discipline in Ryder and Jager (2002).
Fracture nomenclature in Wits gold mines
Fractures around stopes in Wits gold mines have been studied in depth (pun intended), and a nomenclature has been established to describe these dominant mining-induced discontinuities. Although a new nomenclature is suggested by Jager and Ryder (1999), a diagram from a paper by Adams etal. (1981), reproduced here as Figure 1, has for long been a standard reference and is quoted frequently. Three fracture types were identified in this original paper, namely:
Type /Extension fractures that follow the σ1 trajectories around the stope
Type //Shear fractures along the planes of maximum ESS ahead of the stope face
Type ///Low-angle and vertical, younger fractures.
Note that Figure 1 does not refer to bedding-parallel fractures or bedding-parallel shears, which were documented, for example, by Brummer (1987).
We focus mainly on the Type III fractures and quote their description directly from the original text: 'Type 3 fractures form close to the stope face within rock which already contains Type 1 and Type 2 fractures. They are a later generation of fractures, caused by a localized, secondary fracture process. Thus they are superimposed on to the more regional fracture pattern which is developed several metres ahead of the face. The fractures do not occur throughout the stope but develop preferentially in rock which is not initially highly fractured. They have planar surfaces and do not reveal any movement across the fracture plane. The fractures are symmetrically disposed around the reef plane, in the hangingwall they dip at 30 to 40 degrees in the direction of face advance and in the footwall dip against the direction of face advance. They do not extend more than 3 m into the hangingwall or footwall and seldom have a strike length greater than 5 m ... The distribution and orientation of Type 3 fractures suggests that their formation is closely associated with the shape and proximity of the stope face'.
In the handbook of Jager and Ryder (1999), a new classification system for fractures around a stope is presented:
1. Shear fractures. The description in the handbook suggests that some of the shear fractures are of dynamic origin, which would make them Ortlepp shears (van Aswegen, 2005) while the majority develop 'without the emission of significant seismic energy' and are thus considered to have evolved as the accumulation of a large number of small displacements. How this is proven either way is not explained.
2. Extension fractures.
a. Near-vertical, primary extension fractures that develop some distance ahead of the advancing mining face. At least 2 m ahead of the face was measured (Adams and Jager, 1980), while the sketch in the handbook (Figure 4.2.5) suggests a greater distance
b. Secondary extension fractures that develop close to the face, between the face and primary extension fractures. They are vertical ahead of the face, but dip around 70° in the hanging- and footwalls.
3. Low-inclination fractures. These are generally referred to as 'low-angle fractures'. Again we quote verbatim: dipping 20° to 40° towards the face in the hangingwall. These young fractures develop primarily close to the stope face where intact 'hard patch' bands of rock are preserved at the stope face, and follow the σ1/σ2 plane that would be expected under those circumstances. They usually occur sporadically in patches elongated in the dip direction and measure a few metres in length. They terminate against steep-dipping fractures indicating the relative time of their development. . An unusual development of this type of fracture has been noted at a number of rockburst sites, where fractures of this nature emanate from the top corner of the face and extend 5 m or so up and back into the hangingwall. The length along the stope of some of these is more than 40 m. They are characterised by a peculiar fracture surface comprised of curved interlocking fragments about 10-20 mm thick and 100-150 mm long. It is assumed that they formed as a result of dynamic loading'.
4. Fractures formed in the plane of the stratification. (See Brummer, 1987). It is interesting to note that neither Adams et al. nor Jager and Ryder refer to the low-angle fractures specifically as extension fractures.
Our curiosity about the origin of the low-angle fractures was triggered by their importance for hangingwall stability. In this section we describe observations that led to our interpretation of their origin.
Pseudo cross-bedding
A seemingly unrelated phenomenon is briefly described here since it turns out to be relevant in the full analysis of fractures around stopes. We refer to it as pseudo crossbedding, illustrated in Figure 2. It is a set of closely-spaced discontinuities within a quartzite band with geometry similar to that of cross-bedding. The discontinuities differ from cross-bedding in that their orientations asymptotically approach both the top and the bottom of the layer. In true cross-bedding the cross beds merge asymptotically with the bottom of the layer' while at the top they end at a high angle to the bedding. The fabric in the quartzite band is also similar to s-c fabrics found in ductile shear zones. This phenomenon and its relevance to low-angle fractures is further discussed in the following sections.
The particular example shown in Figure 2 is from about a metre below the Carbon Leader Reef at a mine near Carletonville, where it is exposed in a dip gully some distance in the back. The quartzite band with the fractures is about 100 mm thick.
Fractures in stopes
During frequent investigations of fall of ground incidents in stopes on both the Carbon Leader Reef horizon as well as the Ventersdorp Contact Reef horizon, we noted keyblock failures as predicted by the combination of primary extension fractures and low-angle fractures as shown in Figure 1.
We noted not only the age relationship between the low-angle fractures and the primary extension fractures as described Jager and Ryder (1999), but a specific spatial relationship the low-angle fractures generally occur in the 'hard patches' between the primary fractures and at a high angle to the primary fractures (Figure 3).
A pronounced linear fabric or striae on the surfaces of both sets of fractures observed in places was recognized as fractographic features typical of extension fractures (Bahat et al., 1995). In some cases, classic mirror zones with fringes are visible, but generally only striae with variable degrees of divergence.
A particular example is shown in Figure 3 which is a photograph of hangingwall exposed after key-block failure some 2 m deep in a westerly advancing stope along the VCR ore body in the West Wits mining district, approximately 3300 m below surface. Because of the depth of failure, the primary and low-angle fractures are well exposed. The fall was not associated with a particular seismic event, although during the 6 months period up to the time the photograph was taken hundreds of very small and several small seismic events, up to moment magnitude 1.5, were recorded in the immediate surrounds.
Basic background regarding extension fractures and shears
To interpret our observations we had to revisit the fundamentals of extension fractures and shears.
Extension fractures and stress
There is no need to remind rock mechanics practitioners that extension fractures occur along the σ1, σ2 plane (Stacey, 1981). It may, however, not always be appreciated that extension fractures as we observe them some time after formation (anything from hours in mines to billions of years in the geological world) are a useful reminder of what the orientation of stress was at the place and the instance of the fracture occurrence. In mines, where stress changes occur orders of magnitude faster than in nature, extension fractures are generally of dynamic origin. The stress orientation in the surrounding rock does not change during the formation of the fracture. It may do so soon afterwards due to the presence of the new weakness, but the orientation of the fracture is a snapshot of the trace of σ1 at origin time. And we see that this holds true where extension fractures are arranged in bow-wave formation around developing excavations.
We note, of course, that the extension fractures of concern here can and do occur under triaxial stress conditions provided σ3 is relatively small and the rock brittle (or the loading fast).
Fractographic and kinematic indicators
Characteristics of extension fractures include fractographic features such as mirror zones and hackles (see Bahat et al., 1995, Sagy et al., 2006). The main source of corrugations along a newly forming fracture surface is the instability when the energy flux into the fracture tip becomes too high to be accommodated by a single fracture surface, and branching occurs (Sharan et al., 1996). It is like a speed wobble that inhibits extreme rupture velocities. Ortlepp (1997) shows striking examples of mirror zones and notes that they are often associated with strain bursting in the Klerksdorp gold mining district.
The striations on extension fractures should not be confused with slickensides, which are kinematic indicators of slip (Doblas, 1998) and are used routinely to judge the sense and direction of fault slip by geologists or the direction of sidewall ejection by rock mechanics practitioners. In the case of the primary extension fractures (E1 in our nomenclature described below, Type I according to Adams et al., 1981) the distinction does become blurred in places, since by the time the fracture zone is exposed in the stope it may have undergone some shear displacement. The fractographic striae on an extension fracture map the direction of rupture propagation which, in general, is parallel to σ1. When the eventual shear slip takes place under nearly the same prevailing stress conditions, the slickensides mark the direction of slip, which is again parallel to σ1 (being parallel to the intersection line of the slip surface and the plane containing σ1 and σ3). The two sets of linear features can thus become mixed up. One distinguishing feature of the fracture striae is the tendency to fan out away from the point of rupture initiation, while generally slickensides remain parallel and straight over long distances. We note that extreme fanning, like that beyond the rim of a mirror zone, is associated with deceleration and eventual stoppage of the rupture - enough new surfaces have been created to accommodate the fracture energy.
Shear zones
Because simple shear yields volume-constant plane strain (e.g. Ramsay, 1967, Chapter 3-4.3) and because rock has limited compressibility, rock generally tends to deform in shearit is simply the easiest way for rock to deform. Because rock is weakest in tension it tends to fail in tension. This all comes together nicely in the standard sketch of the characteristics of a shear zone found in geological texts. Some geology texts show complicated schematics to illustrate all the different structural features that can and do develop in shear zones of different sizes, from microscopic scale to continental scale and in laboratories (e.g. Wibberley et al., 2000). They deal with large to extreme finite strain and the sub-structures span the repertoire of rock deformation phenomena. Here we are interested in infinitesimal strain and need to understand only the geometric relations between shear zones and extension fractures. Since, however, features like those in Figure 2 may be reminiscent of Riedel shears we provide a schematic explanation of both in Figure 4.
Note that Figure 4 is a schematic presentation reflecting the orientations of features within zones of infinitesimal shear strain. It is purely illustrative, and the amount of strain suggested by the schematic shear boxes and the strain ellipses is grossly exaggerated. Until the moment of the formation of the extension fractures there is no finite volume change or strain beyond the elastic strength limits. That also means that we refer here to infinitesimal transpression and transtension. Via constant elastic moduli, infinitesimal strain is equivalent to stress.
In order to address the origin of the fabric in Figure 2, we consider the internal characteristics of shear zones. In ductile shear zones, where finite strain is large, the S-fabric defined by platy minerals and smeared-out grains has the same geometry as the fabric inside the brittle quartzite band of Figure 2. From their brief description it appears that Sellers et al. (1998) did, indeed, interpret such a fabric as a shear fabric (s-c fabric). Note that s-c fabrics are characteristic of ductile shear zones, not the brittle environment of Witwatersrand gold mining. Furthermore, the shear motion required to form them in the hangingwall of an advancing stope the way it is depicted in Figure 3 in Sellers et al. would be opposite to that induced by the local stress orientations. We explain below that the Figure 2 feature is not a ductile fabric.
The geometric relations between extension fractures within shear zones in the brittle domain are specifically addressed by Ramsey and Huber (1983), who show photographs of en-echelon extension gashes to demonstrate the natural occurrence of the fracture orientations predicted in their Figure 3.21, part of which is reproduced here as Figure 5. Specifically, we note that the angle between the extension fracture and the shear zone walls are large when formed under transpressional load and small when formed under transtensional load.
If one considers a shear zone within which the degree of transtension or transpression varies across the shear zone, we have a simple theory for the development of curved extension fractures as the origin of the fabric in Figure 2. We also note that in the Figure 3.22A of Ramsey and Huber (1983), which is a photograph of natural extension fractures in a transtensional shear zone, the curvature of the extension fractures show the same tendency as do the discontinuities making up the fabric in Figure 2.
Note that we consider the orientations of extension fractures as 'mappings' of the stress trajectories at the instant of fracturing, excluding the effects of subsequent rotation. With moderate continuous shear strain the extension fractures do, of course, rotate relative to the instantaneous stress field and become shear surfaces themselves (note our comment on shear fabrics intermixed with fractographic fabrics in the previous section) such that the bulk of substructures within an evolved brittle shear zone may be referred to as Riedel shears (e.g. Katz et al., 2004). The beams between the extension fractures of Figure 5 then become subjected to shear strain and a secondary set of extension fractures may develop. In principle there need be no end to this repetition of sub-structures. King and Sammis (1992) in fact elegantly describe this as the mechanism of finite brittle strain.
Stress trajectories through zones of variable elastic shear strain
As shown in Figure 4, the orientation of σ1 within a shear zone (in the domain of infinitesimal stain) depends on the degree of transpression or transtension applied to the shear zone. In a static stress field with zones of rock with variable elastic shear moduli (e.g. different stratigraphic layers) and a stress load not perfectly orthogonal to the banding, one would expect bending of the stress trajectories. This is because the magnitude of elastic shear strain varies from layer to layer as a function of their respective shear moduli and thus the orientations of the stress vary. This is, for example, illustrated in a numerical model by Cundall (1990). His Figure 9 is here reproduced as Figure 6. In Figure 7 we show a set of bow-wave extension fractures with orientation deflections cutting through different arenaceous layers in a tunnel approximately 3000 m below surface at a West Wits mine.
Origin of low-angle fractures around stopes
With the somewhat exhaustive treatment of shear zones and extension fractions as background, we now propose the origin of the low-angle fractures. They are extension fractures in transpressional brittle shears formed between sets of primary extension fractures. We recognise three main sets of extension fractures and propose a new nomenclature namely, E1 to E3, and see their development as follows:
A primary extension fracture E1 ('Type I') forms some distance ahead of the face along the σ1 traces (Figure 8)
In following mining steps, new E1 fractures are formed in the same place relative to the stope face, i.e. the old ones 'migrate' closer to the stope
Where a set of E1 fractures ends up close to the stope, the stress field creates a transpressional shear zone and E2 fractures (low-angle fractures, 'Type III') develop at high angles to the shear zone walls (Figure 9). Note that in this environment the orientation of the new E2 extension fractures do not 'follow the σ1/σ2 plane that would be expected under those circumstances' because that would imply that they develop only behind the face. In terms of our model, they rather form in an area where the general σ1/σ2 plane is still at a relatively high dip. The E2 fractures follow the σ1/σ2 plane created instantaneously during a sudden increment in shear strain within the shear zone defined by the E1 fractures. Such a sudden increment would most likely be associated with a production blast allowing sudden stope closure to help invoke the shear couple shown in in the right hand side of Figure 9
By the time the E2 fractures are undermined, shear loading allows the development of E3 extension fractures between E2 fractures in a similar way to which the E2 fractures developed between E1 fractures. There is an important difference, though. In this environment, the shear loading on the E2 system is transtensional. Along the plane of E2 fractures the normal stress is close to zero or even negative. Any new extension fractures developing here would simply be the opening up of the existing E2 fracture. In the yet unfractured beam between two E2 fractures, however, the minimum principal stress will be greater than zero and the stress trajectories will thus curve from an orientation parallel to the E2 fractures to an orientation at an angle to the E2 fractures, as illustrated on the left of Figure 9.
E3 fractures are rare and 'new' in the sense that they are not recognized in the classifications of either Adams et al. or Jager and Ryder, described earlier.
Figure 10 shows this interpretation applied to the fractures of Figure 3 and it depicts the proposed simple numbering system for extension fractures around tabular stopes. There will, of course, be numerous other extension fractures that develop under different stress conditions and in the presence of numerous other discontinuities, but the scheme proposed in Figure 10 probably captures the main ones.
In the case of our Figure 2, the same mechanism as that described for the E3 structures above apply, except that the bedding planes took the place of the E2 fractures. The quartzite layer with the E3 type fractures was clearly weaker than the layers above and below. We have noted curved extension fractures through layers of variable strength in South African gold mines in several places, e.g. where the Green Bar is exposed above the Carbon Leader Reef. To our knowledge, however, such curved extensions fractures have not been formally described or explained before.
Examples from the Bushveld Complex
We include two photographs from platinum mines in the western Bushveld Complex showing sets of low-angle fractures of seemingly the same origin as the E2 fractures described above.
The first photograph is from the Rustenburg area (Figure 11, top). Here a local pillar burst (case 4 described by Malovichko et al., 2012) caused dynamic closure in the direction normal to the stope and key-block shakedown some 15 m further along strike in the back area, locally exposing the hangingwall fracture geometry. The moment tensor solution of the pillar failure shows reef-normal dynamic closure. In a numerical model that includes the locally-used high k-ratio, the same deformation mechanism is reflected with a modelled moment tensor very close to the observed. This suggests that the local stress concentrations yield failure mechanisms driven by the mining-induced (near-vertical) stress similar to the case around deep-level stopes in the gold mines.
The second photograph was taken in 2006 in a mine in the northern part of the western Bushveld Complex. In this case a remnant was being mined and a relatively small seismic event was associated with some dynamic stope closure and significant shakedown damage, exposing the hangingwall to a height of at least a metre. A dominant joint set sub-parallel to the face appears to have acted as the 'El' fractures in this case, and the striae on them were mainly slickensides from keyblock failure. The striae along the low-angle fractures (E2) did not, however, have the appearance of slickensides.
We present a mechanism that may account for the majority of low-angle stress fractures (E2) around stopes in Wits gold mines and possibly also in some cases in western Bushveld Complex platinum mines. The mechanism is one of extension fracturing in transpressional shear zones formed when primary extension fractures (El) end up in the appropriate stress field close to the stope. The E2 fractures are oriented at a high angle to the El fractures and thus at a low angle to the stope. Rarely, the process repeats itself when the E2 fractures constitute shear zones in the hangingwall, to form E3 extension fractures (not observed in the platinum mines yet). Here the shear load is transtensional with the normal load near zero along the E2 fractures, but higher within the non-fractured bands between the E2 fractures. This causes curved stress trajectories and thus the E3 fractures are sigmoidaly shaped.
We note that all the example cases referred to above are from seismically active areas, thus in relatively high-stress environments where the mining-induced stress around the stope face is the main driver of fracture patterns.
We thank our colleagues and friends at AngloGold Ashanti who spent many hours with us crawling through broken stopes in search of interesting phenomena. The material was originally presented at the SANIRE2010 symposium organized by the North West branch of SANIRE at the Village Club, Western Levels, October 2010 (see http://www.sanire.co.za/component/docman/cat_view/64-proceedings/120-symposium-2010. We thank the North West branch for permission to publish the paper.
The review process provided very constructive feedback which helped to improve the manuscript significantly.
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Malovichko, D., van Aswegen, G., and Clark, R. 2012. Mechanisms of large seismic events in platinum mines of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa). Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 112, no. 6.pp.419-429. [ Links ]
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Sellers, E.J., Berlenbach, J., and Schweitzer, J. 1998. Fracturing around deep level stopes: Comparison of numerical simulation with underground observations. Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock. Rossmanith, H.P. (ed.). Balkema, Rotterdam. [ Links ]
Stacey, T.R. 1981. A Simple Extension Strain Criterion for Fracture of Brittle Rock. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanical Abstracts, vol. 18. pp. 469-474. [ Links ]
Van Aswegen, G. 2008. Ortlepp shears - dynamic brittle shears of South African gold mines. 1st Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium, 16-19 September 2008, Perth, Western Australia. Potvin, Y (ed.). pp. 111-120. [ Links ]
Wibberley, C.A.J., Petit, J-P., and Rives, T. 2000. Micromechanics of shear rupture and the control of normal stress. Journal of Structural Geology, vol. 22. pp. 411-427. [ Links ]
© The Southern African /nstitute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2012./SSN2225-6253. This paper was first presented at the, Southern Hemisphere /nternational Rock Mechanics Symposium (SH/RMS) 2012, 15-17 May 2012, Sun City, South Africa.


text: Looking for a knee length prom dress or a modest cocktail dress with a knee length hem, then look no further than the many styles here at PromGirl. You will find many prom dresses, cocktail party and dressy dresses all with knee length hemlines. You can confidently choose a fashionable knee length dress from our collection.


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Need colorful proof that the BACKPACKER readers explore the wildest corners of the outdoors? Just look at these face-to-fur images of the animals that you encountered out there.
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Advance Auto Parts "Monster Jam" and Charity Newsies will hold the Monster Jam Winter Accessories Drive for local children Saturday, Dec. 1.
The event, at the Charity Newsies headquarters, 4300 Indianola Ave., will run from 10 a.m. to noon in conjunction with the Columbus Winter Farmers' Market.
A ticket for the Monster Jam show at Nationwide Arena Friday, Jan. 4, will be given for a donation of new, children's winter mittens, gloves, hats and scarves.
A total of 300 Monster Jam tickets will be distributed, with a limit of two per family.
"Charity Newsies has provided clothing for more than a half-million central Ohio children since we began in 1907," said Chuck Rundio IV, Charity Newsies drive chairman.
"With cold weather season approaching, it will be great to provide kids in need with an extra pair of gloves or hat."
The winter accessories drive occurs a week before Charity Newsies' annual newspaper drive when hundreds of member volunteers hit the streets of Columbus to raise money to help clothe children in central Ohio.
Advance Auto Parts Monster Jam, produced by Feld Motor Sports, will be held at 7:30 p.m. Jan. 4 and 5. A 2 p.m. show is also planned for Jan. 5.


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Stormy 'Sneak Peek' brings in 2013 Colorado State Fair
The 141st Colorado State Fair starts it's 11-day run today.
But anxious Fairgoers who couldn't wait another day braved a rainstorm to come out Thursday night for their first glimpse of the carnival at the 2013 expo.
The annual "Sneak Peek" event allowed people to sample carnival rides with short lines and discounted prices.
But a quick rainstorm and lightning three hours into it caused Fair officials to close the carnival at about 8 p.m. The rain delay in the festivities lasted about an hour.
"Sit down, relax and enjoy the ride," a pre-recorded message said as Kajsa Summers and Alyssa Robles, both 14, and Athena Regalado, 15, climbed aboard the new Hard Rock ride that twirls those daring to try it upside-down and all around.
"It's more fun to come to the Sneak Peek because there's always less people and you can ride more rides," Summers said.
In its seventh year at the Fair, Crabtree Amusements features more than 45 rides that spin and whirl and make Fairgoers lose their stomachs.
All attendees had to purchase a ride band for $15, which was half the price of what bands cost during the Fair, to enter the Fairgrounds Thursday. Last year, there was no gate admission.
Security was busy at last year's Sneak Peek with ongoing calls of fights and mischief.
Smaller crowds greeted carnival workers early on Thursday before the storm hit. Several people at the gates left because of the admission rule. Other portions of the Fair were blocked off. Only the carnival was open.
"There were a lot of people that came last year that were not spending money and some were just causing trouble. There were problems, so this year we wanted the Sneak Peek to be safer," said Fair General Manager Chris Wiseman.
"I think the storm turned more people away than the price of admission. They looked outside and saw the storm clouds and decided not to come. Our goal is to make this event as safe for the public as possible."
During the Fair, the carnival will be open from 2 p.m. to midnight Monday through Friday, and noon to midnight on weekends and Labor Day.
"I can't control the weather. We lived through it. We had a great day today and will go home, go to bed and come back tomorrow," Wiseman said.
The PRCA Ram Rodeo and country star Randy Houser kick off the entertainment lineup at 7 p.m. tonight in the Budweiser Rodeo Arena. The rodeo has sold out, but Wiseman said tickets to the concert are still available at the Fair box office and at local Big R stores.
The Fight Brigade MMA Cage Fighting is slated for 7:30 p.m. at the Southwest Motors Events Center. Tickets are between $20 and $30. Also, each Friday, Saturday and Sunday during the Fair, visitors can receive $2 off gate admission if they present a coupon off a two-liter bottle of Orange Crush at the gate.


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Spring 2001
Volume 5 Number 3
Early in the service, the pastor left the chancel and invited the children to meet him at the back of the sanctuary.
He asked them if they remembered the story and which was their favorite animal.
Then he asked them to follow him back up the aisle as though they were those animals. He was an elephant.
© Copyright 2001 Princeton Theological Seminary
The URL for this page is http://www.ptsem.edu/read/inspire/5.3/endthings.htm
firstname.lastname@example.com | last updated 05/20/01


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Here at Wayland, we are all about Student Services. We want to make your transition into education as easy as possible.
Academic Advising is available Monday through Thursday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. or on Friday, 8 a.m. to 12 p.m.; walk-ins are welcome! We offer evening, weekend, and Internet classes making it convenient for military personnel and other working adults to fulfill degree requirements. Your professional and technical training as well as CLEP testing can often be accepted as credit hours toward many of our baccalaureate degrees.
Wayland's staff of advisors can share options to finance your education, including military tuition assistance, VA benefits, financial aid and other options. We work with all students to ensure they receive the most financial aid available. All our financial aid forms are available online.
We have an excellent Learning Resource Center (Library) that is accessible online. From our WBU Library you can access online books, articles, research guides, archives, and learn about your local library system. The purpose of the WBU Library is to provide you with the best service and access to resources that support the curriculum of Wayland Baptist University.
We offer Career Services for all our students.
The Office of Career Services provides a wide range of services to assist students and
alumni in their career development. To prepare them for their job search, students can receive
instruction regarding the preparation of applications and resumes and the development of positive interviewing skills. Students can receive career counseling to help them assess their interests, values, and personality characteristics as well as select an appropriate academic major and career area.
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|Ft Sill Site
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|Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
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|Phone: (580) 248-1171
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text: H. reversa is one of the most common species of histioteuthids in the North Atlantic. Its range extends into the eastern South Atlantic. The length of the gladius in the largest recorded female is 183 mm (Voss, 1969). Like many histioteuthids, major morphological changes occur at sexual maturity. In this species the females become much more elongate and develop an additional array of photophores.


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by Alexandra Greeley
Alexandra Greeley is a passionate foodie whose kitchen career has included a stint as food editor of Vegetarian Times magazine, where she learned a whole new culinary discipline.
The menu button now contains all of the sections of our site.
And you'll see personalized content just for you whenever you click the My Feed .
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Intel Corp.'s The board of directors elected chief administrative officer Andy Bryant as vice chairman of the board, a new position, in preparation for him to be elected Intel's next chairman in May of 2012. He will serve alongside the current chairman, Jane Shaw, until she retires next May. The appointments of both Ms. Shaw and Mr. Bryant indicate that Intel now prefers executives rather than tech visionaries on the post.
Mr. Bryant, the former longstanding CFO of the company and now chief administrative officer (CAO), is the second Intel officer to serve on the current board, in addition to Paul Otellini, president and chief executive officer. When Mr. Bryant becomes executive chairman, the board will concurrently re-establish the position of lead director to be held by an independent, non-employee director.
"The board welcomes the addition of Andy Bryant to its ranks and looks forward to his service as the next chairman. His deep knowledge of Intel and his unmatched wisdom will serve the company well," said Ms. Shaw, non-executive chairman.
Previously the board of directors appointed former chief executive officers, or even the company's co-founders on the chairman role. In effect, those people were technology visionaries with deep knowledge of Intel's products, roadmaps and market trends. By contrast, Mr. Bryant brings a wealth of experience at Intel that includes 13 years of service as CFO, and more recently, as the senior executive responsible for the technology and manufacturing group, IT, human resources and finance.
"I am excited about this new position for Andy and look forward to continuing to work closely with him as he assumes his new responsibilities," said Paul Otellini, chief executive officer of Intel.


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Todd Chrisley, of the new reality show "Chrisley Knows Best," filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy to resolve $49.4 million of debts, but he still looks mighty rich in his lavish 30,000 sq. ft. Atlanta mansion. What gives?
Contrary to popular belief, there are certain assets you can keep when you file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. But there are also penalties when you try to hide your assets.
Chrisley is currently caught between these two rules.


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Car crashes into house in Saranac Lake
SARANAC LAKE – A car careened off the road and crashed into a house here Friday evening.
Saranac Lake Fire Chief Brendan Keough said the car struck the front corner of 1037 Pine St., near the intersection with Payeville Lane, around 6:50 p.m.
The driver of the car was taken to Adirondack Medical Center in Saranac Lake, but Keough said he didn't know the extent of his injuries.
Keough said there were people in the house at the time of the crash, but they were not injured. He said the house sustained structural damage.
"It didn't completely breach the wall, but there's damage on the interior walls of the house from it," Keough said.
Firefighters put out a small fire from an overheated tire, assisted rescue personnel and stood by until the car could be towed from the scene. They returned to the fire station at 8 p.m.
The cause of the crash is under investigation by village police, who couldn't be reached for more information as of press time.


text:
Eisenhower and Eden talking Suez
This document is a transcript of a November 6, 1956, conversation between President Dwight D. Eisenhower and British Prime Minister Anthony Eden. They discussed a cease-fire between British and Egyptian forces during the Suez Crisis. Following the nationalization of the British- and French-owned Suez Canal by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, Britain, France, and Israel took military action against Egypt. However, due to international pressure, control of the Canal was returned to Egypt.
National Archives, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library


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the grey place I (elder trees)
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I really like the artwork here as well as the little story above!!!!! its makes you think after reading the story. really cool pic! and really really awesome story!!!!! great job man, keep up the awesome work!!. the story was what really got me man!. good job!!!! all my stars for this artwork/story combo!!!!.
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Viewing All 106 Photos
Certified photos by travelers like you.
GERRYVALE Australia
September 2012
On top of Sugar Loaf Mountain
Copacabana Beach in the background
Walter C USA
March 2012
02-17-12 61
cable car ride, from Sugar Loaf Mtn. level 1 to Sugar Loaf Mtn. level 2
Bandit USA
September 2011
Posing - Sugar Loaf Mountain
December 2015
View from Sugar Loaf
This photo was taken from the second level of the tour/visit to Sugar Loaf in Rio de Janiero, Brazil. I had a fantastic time!
November 2015
This is how it looks from on top...
Not much to say as the photo speaks for itself...


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New York Power Authority Helps Queens Independence Day Celebration for 19th Year
June 5, 2003
ASTORIA—Eugene W. Zeltmann, president and chief executive officer of the New York Power Authority (NYPA), will present a $30,000 contribution to the Central Astoria Local Development Coalition to help fund the Coalition's annual Independence Day Celebration to be held Wednesday evening, July 2nd in Astoria Park. The contribution will be presented to Julian Wager, president of the Coalition, on June 16th at NYPA's Charles Poletti Power Project in Astoria.
"This year, 2003, marks the 19th consecutive year NYPA has sponsored an Independence Day celebration in Queens which this year is dedicated to the service and sacrifice of those in our nation's military," said Zeltmann. "On behalf of Chairman Louis P. Ciminelli, our other trustees and the staff at the Poletti Project, we are very pleased to continue our role as a good neighbor in Queens, by supporting what is always a special and patriotic family event."
"We are sincerely appreciative of this generous Power Authority contribution, allowing us to bring this great event to our community highlighted by the West Point "Jazz Knights" Band and a magnificent fireworks display," said Wager. "The Power Authority's history of dedicated involvement in our community, which ranges from supplying the lower-cost electricity for Governor Pataki's Power for Jobs program and the power used by our subways, police and fire stations, schools, hospitals and municipal buildings, shows how government, business and the community can work together to achieve benefits for all."
The Coalition's annual Independence Day Celebration is dedicated this year to the men and women who serve in the U.S. Armed Forces. It begins at 7:30 p.m. and features music by the U.S. Military Academy at West Point "Jazz Knights" Band. The fireworks will follow at about 9:15 p.m.
The Coalition represents the business and commercial community in Western Queens.
The Power Authority has also provided high-efficiency lighting and other energy improvements at some 165 municipal and not-for-profit facilities in Queens. NYPA is the nation's largest state-owned power organization, and operates generating facilities throughout the state and about 1,400 circuit-miles of transmission lines.


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The U.S. Department of Education on Thursday released what it described as the "first comprehensive look" at which colleges and universities are under review by the government for their handling of sexual violence and harassment complaints.
In an unusual move, the education department published a list on its website of 55 schools that it says are facing investigation into possible violations of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex at institutions that receive public funds.
"We hope this increased transparency will spur community dialogue about this important issue," Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Catherine E. Lhamon said in a statement. Ms. Lhamon said that a school's inclusion on the list "in no way indicates at this stage that the college or university is violating or has violated the law."
Schools found to have violated the law could lose federal funding, but such sanctions are rare.
The Obama administration disclosed the information two days after it announced a series of actions it will take to prevent sexual violence on college campuses nationwide, while also aiming to help schools more effectively respond to assault allegations. The schools mentioned range from small obscure private colleges to the most elite campuses in the nation, including several Ivy League universities.
The education department didn't disclose any details about the probes other than confirming their existence. The probes were triggered either by a complaint the government received or by internal compliance reviews conducted by the agency's Office for Civil Rights.
Below is the list of schools facing a Title IX sexual abuse investigation, according to the U.S. Education Department. Many of the schools responded by saying they take the allegations seriously and are evaluating their sexual-assault policies and procedures. Here's the link to statements from some of the schools.
Arizona State University
Butte-Glen Community College District
Occidental College
University of California-Berkeley
University of Southern California
Regis University
University of Colorado at Boulder
University of Colorado at Denver
University of Denver
University of Connecticut
Catholic University of America
Florida State University
Emory University
University of Hawaii at Manoa
University of Idaho
Knox College
University of Chicago
Indiana University-Bloomington
Vincennes University
Amherst College
Boston University
Emerson College
Harvard College
Harvard University—Law School
University of Massachusetts-Amherst
Frostburg State University
Michigan State University
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Guilford College
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Minot State University
Dartmouth College
Princeton University
Cuny Hunter College
Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Sarah Lawrence College
Suny at Binghamton
Denison University
Ohio State University
Wittenberg University
Oklahoma State University
Carnegie Mellon University
Franklin and Marshall College
Pennsylvania State University
Swarthmore College
Temple University
Vanderbilt University
Southern Methodist University
The University of Texas-Pan American
College of William and Mary
University of Virginia
Washington State University
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Bethany College
West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine


text:
Alright, so I'm pretty new to tea drinking. I've done a fair bit of research online but something is still not right, many times my tea comes out bitter after steeping even following what seem to be the general rules of thumb. (I notice it the most with the coconut and mango flavored teas).
I steep about 2 (more like 1 and 3/4) teaspoons of looseleaf per cup with boiling water for about 4 minutes. I hear water quality can affect the taste; I use water from my tap which is purified through a water softener in our basement (cant be bypassed).
Any suggestions for a less bitter cup?


text:
Linguini with Shrimp
- 3/4 pound linguini
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 garlic cloves, minced
- 1 pound large shrimp, peeled and deveined
- 1/3 cup freshly squeezed lemon juice
- 1/2 cup white wine
- 1 bunch asparagus stalks, trimmed
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 1 cup freshly chopped flat-leaf parsley
- 1 container cherry tomatoes, halved
Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add the linguini and cook according to the directions on the box. Drain, reserving 1 cup of the cooking water.
Meanwhile, heat the olive oil in a large skillet over a medium-high flame. Add the garlic and saute for 1 minute. Add the shrimp and cook for 3 to 4 minutes, until the shrimp turn pink. Remove the shrimp from the pan and set aside. Add the lemon juice, white wine, and the reserved cup water to the skillet. Let simmer until the liquid is reduced by about half. Salt and saute the asparagus. Cut into 1-inch pieces. Return the shrimp to the pan and stir in the parsley. Add the drained linguini to the shrimp mixture, tossing to combine. Add asparagus and tomatoes. Season with salt and pepper, to taste.
2006, Ellie Krieger, All Rights Reserved
CATEGORIES:View All
Cooking Tips
More Recipes and Ideas
Linguini with Lemon Cream Sauce on Puff Pastry
Recipe courtesy of Sandra Lee


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Mitchell Baker, executive chair of Mozilla, announced on the company's blog that Brendan Eich, former Mozilla CEO has stepped down "for Mozilla and our community." His sin: contributing $1000 in 2008 in support of California's Prop 8, which upheld traditional marriage.
Now, Mozilla is a company that takes great pride in their – ahem – tolerance and open-mindedness. Really.
Mozilla believes both in equality and freedom of speech. Equality is necessary for meaningful speech. And you need free speech to fight for equality. Figuring out how to stand for both at the same time can be hard.
Our organizational culture reflects diversity and inclusiveness. We welcome contributions from everyone regardless of age, culture, ethnicity, gender, gender-identity, language, race, sexual orientation, geographical location and religious views. Mozilla supports equality for all.


text:
The Weiner Laboratory is a translational laboratory conducting research that focuses on the immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies. The laboratory uses molecular and cellular techniques as well as model systems and also is extensively involved in analysis of samples from clinical trials. It serves as a translational hub for The University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in lymphoma that is directed by Dr. Weiner.
The Laboratory works closely with Dr. Brian Link, Professor of Internal Medicine, who leads the clinical trials activities for the University of Iowa lymphoma program and the SPORE.


text:
Sengoku BASARA: Samurai Kings
Troubled Times Once Again! Advent of the Great Cataclysmic Warlord, Toyotomi Hideyoshi!
Episode 14 | TV-14
Old rivalries resume at Kawanakajima as Sanada Yukimura battles Date Masamune and Takeda Shingen squares off against Uesugi Kenshin. Meanwhile, the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi seeks ultimate domination in order to unify Japan.
Sub Expires: 08-02-2013
Dub Expires: 03-21-2015
Official Site: www.funimation.com/shows/sengoku-basara-samurai-kingsHide Details


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Fair ~
High: 56°F ~ Low: 46°F
Monday, Jan. 23, 2017
Why the Cards can (and will) win the NLDSPosted Tuesday, October 9, 2012, at 7:37 AM
The stomachs of many St. Louis Cardinals fans may have sunk following Sunday's loss of Game 1 of the National League Division Series, but hope returned to St. Louis Monday afternoon.
Despite getting only two innings out of starter Jaime Garcia, the Cardinals offense erupted in the second inning and never looked back. They didn't just hit the Washington Nationals' starter, Jordan Zimmermann; they hit five of the seven pitchers the Nationals threw at them.
When five starters can combine to each have multi-hit games, then things are going good for any team. When those names include Carlos Beltran, Jon Jay, Allen Craig and Yadier Molina, an opposing team has their hands full.
The series may be going to Washington for three games, but Cardinals fans have a lot of reason to be optimistic. Following are five reasons the Cardinals have the goods to put the Nationals to rest on their home turf.
5. Most of Matheny's Moves Are Working
Despite a few awkward moves on Sunday that showed manager Mike Matheny was more playing the numbers than chasing gut instinct, most of his postseason moves have made him look like a seasoned professional.
The decision Friday evening to pull David Freese early in exchange for Adron Chambers' speed was a jaw-dropper at first, but when Chambers crossed home plate it was clear that speed was needed.
Matheny will certainly have some growing pains through his first postseason, but he's a sharper "baseball mind" than many give him credit for. The decision to pull Mitchell Boggs for Marc Rzepczynski Sunday will, with any luck, be the exception, not the rule.
4. (Almost) Everyone Heated Up Monday
With the only exception being Matt Holliday, the entire starting lineup--and then some --showed what this Cardinals offense is capable of.
Carlos Beltran's two home runs and one from Allen Craig were great, but it's the surprises in the lineup that win postseason games. Jon Jay and Daniel Descalso combined to go 4-for-9 with five RBI, a triple, a home run and three runs scored.
You expect high-level production from your middle-of-the-lineup hitters, but if a team is getting this kind of production from their one and seven spots in the lineup, they are nothing short of unstoppable.
The real question is can they keep it up?
3. The Bullpen Is Strong
The Cardinals would never have won the World Series in 2011 without the bullpen stepping up in ways unheard of. It looks like 2012 will be no different.
The Cardinals' only 18-game winner of 2012, Lance Lynn, has been huge for the Cardinals already in the postseason. When Jaime Garcia went down, he really stepped up.
The huge offensive production on Monday gave Matheny a chance to keep bullpen arms like Trevor Rosenthal and Joe Kelly fresh while giving closer Jason Motte a two-day break to rest.
2. Starting Pitching
While the Cardinals didn't get the depth out of Jaime Garcia they had hoped for on Monday, the next three pitchers the Nationals will face could make their road to the NLCS a tough one.
With Chris Carpenter, Kyle Lohse and Adam Wainwright still to take the mound in this series, the Cardinals' fate lies in the hands of three men any team would be glad to have in their corner.
Can Carpenter relive a little 2011 postseason magic? Is Adam Wainwright ready for another clinch game like the one he shares with his now-teammate Carlos Beltran? Can Kyle Lohse continue the level of consistency that has made him so valuable throughout the regular season?
If the answer to any of these questions are yes, the Nationals need to brace themselves for what is still to come. There are no sure things in baseball, but with Carpenter, Lohse and Wainwright still to pitch, there is little more the Cardinals can ask for.
1. The Nats Inexperience Is Showing
While the Nationals may have won on Sunday, their lack of postseason experience showed through very clearly. It became even more apparent on Monday as they collapsed in front of a frenzied Busch Stadium crowd.
Being on their home turf will help, but the Cardinals have one major advantage even in Washington, D.C.--they've played this game before.
The vast majority of the Cardinals' roster is well-accustomed to postseason play and the excitement and energy that go along with it.
Even rookie Bryce Harper showed his inexperience Monday after striking out four times when a reporter asked whether he was "overanxious" at the plate. His cocky answer showed that he doesn't quite understand what happens in postseason baseball.
These games take the national spotlight, and when a player as hyped as Harper struggles this bad in the postseason, he's going to be asked about it. The answer he gave only proved one thing--that he is just as overanxious as the reporter believed.
It may take all five games, but in the end, I still believe the Cardinals will bring to an end the Nationals' first postseason run.
Follow Corey on Twitter @coreynoles.
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Good analysis. I'm hoping this is the beginning of "official" long term hot streaks for Beltran, Freese, etc. and that Holliday will jump on board, too. I still remember Beltran's ridiculous playoff streak against the Cards when he was an Astro. I cringed every time he came up to the plate!
-- Posted by Grussman on Tue, Oct 9, 2012, at 11:00 AM
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Corey Noles, staff writer for The Daily Statesman and Editor of The North Stoddard Countian, is the author of a regular baseball/St. Louis Cardinals column and also uses his blog to sound off on various happenings in sports. He also operates a weekly baseball mailbag column.
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text: this is what happens 600 interviews into a 3 week trip through europe. I'm glad our meltdown happened on camera and even more glad that it took the form of great films! this interview is a closer depiction of who we REALLY are than anything else we've done. sorry/you're welcome


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I am giving up on chasing rare beers.
I don�t blame people who do it � some of these rare beers are fabulous and worthy of being sought out. If you have the energy and time to do it, go for it. Have fun and enjoy the beer.
But for me, I just don�t have it in me anymore I used to rush to the beer store whenever a new beer was out that I really wanted was coming just so I could be one of the first in line to get it.
Now, there seems like a new level of craziness when a new rare beer comes out. I read accounts online of people following delivery trucks to get bottles of this year�s Goose Island Bourbon County Brand Stout. I read of people going store-to-store to get as much as they can before others have a chance to get it.
So, I�m not doing it anymore. There are so many beers relatively easy to get that I really enjoy. There are also plenty of special release beers that I can get days and weeks after they�re delivered to my local liquor store. New beers, both from Massachusetts and beyond, seem to be hitting the shelves every day. I�ll never be wanting for good beer and beers to write about and to review.
Don�t get me wrong, if I happen to be at a liquor store in the next few days and I see a Bourbon County Brand Stout, there�s a good chance I�ll buy it. And, if a coconut beer is released that will sell out right away, all bets are off. For the most part, though, I�m not going to be making any special liquor store stops for rare beers.
This won�t stop my beer trips � I waited in line for Kate the Great at the Portsmouth Brewery and I traveled to Vermont to buy the Alchemist�s Heady Topper and some Lawson�s Finest Liquids beers. However, I look at those as more a beery adventure rather than a search for a white whale beer. I did it just as much to spend time with friends and fellow beer geeks as I did with the beer.
If you happen to have gotten your hands on some rare beers, cheers. I�ll toast you with a Sierra Nevada Celebration Ale, a beer I love and look forward to every year.


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Wajda, Andrzej
Andrzej Wajda 1926–
Polish director and scriptwriter.
Wajda is generally acknowledged to be one of Poland's greatest directors. He is not a popular figure with the public in Poland, however, due to his unsettling views of traditional values. His trilogy, as well as establishing Wajda as a major European director, proved to be a milestone in Polish cinema for its moving depiction of war and those it affects.
Wajda fought with the Polish resistance during World War II, then attended the Kraców Academy of Fine Arts before going on to the film school at Lódź. He assisted Aleksander Ford on Five Boys from Barska Street, an experience that prepared him for his first feature film, Pokolenie (A Generation).
This film, along with Kanal and Popiol i Diament (Ashes and Diamonds), formed Wajda's war trilogy, exposing the myths of national heroism and the conflicts Poland's young generation underwent as they watched their elders suffer. Caught up in a war they wanted no part of, these youths were confused and frustrated, and Wajda's films depicted this effectively. These films were stark and simple. In contrast, his films of the sixties were stylized period pieces that relied on elaborate imagery and symbolism and were, for the most part, unsuccessful artistically.
Wszystko na Sprzedaz (Everything for Sale) changed Wajda's style and, more significantly, altered his philosophy of film-making. Aside from being his most personal work, inspired by the death of a close friend and star of many of his films, it is also Wajda's acceptance of the "new cinema," the exchange of his stylized drama for a more personal realistic view of life.
Wajda's earlier films were most successful when they did not stray from the Polish theme he knew best: the analysis of Poland's youth and their attitudes towards their situation. Later films embraced subjects not exclusively Polish, though Polish cinema asks to be judged in terms of its issues as much as its artistic merit. Though Wajda's work is occasionally flawed by a style some find ambiguous and baroque, his intensely personal vision makes him, according to Charles Higham, "the voice of Poland crying in its agony."
Bosley Crowther
[In his "Ashes and Diamonds," Andrzej Wajda] is doing a melancholy recapitulation on the political and social chaos at the end of the war.
As in his previous pictures, M. Wajda is putting forth here something more than a trenchant observation of a highly dramatic episode….
Wajda has shaped the story in strong and striking visual images. His sharply etched black-and-white action has the pictorial snap and quality of some of the old Soviet pictures of Pudovkin and Eisenstein. Facial expressions are high-lighted, bodily movements are swift and intense and the light that comes in from the outside in the shaky morning is as dense as luminous smoke.
Likewise, Wajda has created some vivid ideas through imagery—ideas that carry cynicism, melancholia, wistfulness and shock. There is a beautiful scene of the killers remembering dead comrades at a bar, marking each recollection with a glass of brandy set aflame….
The mood of despair in this picture is as heavy as that in [his earlier work,] "Kanal," but the film itself is much more searching….
Bosley Crowther, "'Ashes and Diamonds'," in The New York Times (© 1961 by The New York Times Company; reprinted by permission), May 30, 1961, p. 8.
Roger Manvell
Innocent Sorcerers is a charming, absorbing essay in the newer Polish sophistication. Sophistication has in any case its gradations of refinement in self-consciousness, and in Andrzej Wajda's film it is a little heavily played….
Innocent Sorcerers has a conventionally happy ending that could have been far better left ambiguous. The sophistication of this night of verbal seduction is nicely, if, as I have said, a little obviously played; but in a way it becomes all the more poignant because of the essential amateurishness of these bourgeois pretensions in the rough surroundings of the war-scarred buildings. Our bourgeois eyes, sated by years of the Italian, French, German, Austrian and American variants of the old sentimental story of how what starts out as seduction can turn into the charms of true love, will find, I think, a certain pathos in this assertion by Polish youth that they, too, have the right to play at love once again now that the big freeze is more or less over and a new generation is claiming the right to create its own values.
Roger Manvell, "'Innocent Sorcerers'" (© copyright Roger Manvell 1962; reprinted with permission), in Films and Filming, Vol. 8, No. 7, April, 1962, p. 31.
Charles Higham
Andrzej Wajda has only made a handful of films, not all of them good; yet already he is safely among the modern masters. The one director in the Polish cinema whose work one can study as a whole, he is, so far as one can see, its only romantic poet; his style—sombre, stark, elaborately symbolic, often laden with baroque decoration—exists to expose the dark passions of his heroes and their hopeless courage. (pp. 408-09)
The emphasis on courage, youth, physical strength and aspiration blazing like solitary beacons in the night of the world—this is at the centre of the lyrical-romantic Polish literary tradition. Mickiewicz, Stowacki—these poets with their powerfully evocative imagery, their hymns or elegies to the proud youth of Poland dead in war or revolution, are the spiritual godfathers of Wajda and of the late Andrzej Munk. And it is not too much to say that, like Mickiewicz, Wajda has been the voice of Poland crying in its agony, as well as a worthy singer of its eternal songs of freedom. (p. 409)
Disciplined and stark, A Generation has the fierce lyrical intensity of a Mickiewicz poem…. [It] stands in the mainstream of the Polish artistic tradition: it celebrates youth and beauty and courage, the struggle of the emergent warrior to conquer his fears, the final bursting into flower of manhood and strength. And in a sense, Wajda's personality is undergoing a similar purifying process in the development of the film; one can sense a determined attempt to spare himself nothing of his memories of 1942, of his thoughts of people and things seen, loved and lost. The austerity of the images [never falters]….
A Generation remains Wajda's purest, most stripped and disciplined film. And its few moments of emotion—notably when Dorota is arrested, and Stach breaks into a sudden agony of grief—are all the more disturbing because of the tight-lipped sternness of the rest. In Kanal (1957),...
(The entire section is 810 words.)
Tom Milne
Bearing witness to the destruction of an ideal, Lotna is a deeply pessimistic film, built on an image of decay and obsessed by death….
Almost all of Wajda's imagery here is bizarre—too bizarre, perhaps, for some tastes…. But Lotna, after all, is in itself something of a romantic gesture; its baroque excesses are also its strength, and one either likes them or one doesn't….
With vivid strangeness, underlined by Wajda's extraordinary use of colour, Lotna records the passing of a civilisation. The night sequences are shot in sepia, with most of the day scenes dominated by the pale browns and greens of autumn exteriors (echoed in the cavalry uniforms), so that the more delicate tints—the blue of a Wedgwood vase, the red of an apple—seem to be gradually enveloped in a wash of drabness. (p. 42)
Tom Milne, "'Lotna'," in Sight and Sound (copyright © 1965 by The British Film Institute), Vol. 35, No. 1, Winter, 1965–66, pp. 41-2.
John Simon
Kanal seems to me, except for one minor flaw, as perfect an antiwar film as was ever made. (p. 21)
The wretched troop [of the Warsaw Uprising] sloshes about [in the sewers] waist-deep in muck, in abysmal darkness, and totally unsure of their way and of what will await them above, if they ever make it. Their sufferings, loyalties, weaknesses, quarrels, heroism, and hopes begotten on despair would suggest little fluctuation from the prevailing note of catastrophe. Yet Wajda is able to evoke such a range of human reactions to this overarching doom, he can show such various shadings of courage, such nuances of discouragement and grief, that we can all locate ourselves on this scale of human...
(The entire section is 289 words.)
COLIN McARTHUR
[Everything for Sale] is both public and private, a memorial to the dead actor [Zbigniew Cybulski], a personal testament of the director and, crucially, a work which shatters the artistic fetters which have bound Wajda throughout his career. Feeding both on reality and on film, Everything for Sale is Wajda's meditation on a theme, illusion and reality…. At one blow he has matured from an extremely interesting, visually exciting artist whose work was fully comprehensible only in the Polish context to an international artist who happens to be Polish. (p. 139)
[The very general question of illusion and reality appears in different terms throughout the film.] However, the most central...
(The entire section is 660 words.)
Krzysztof-Teodor Toeplitz
Cybulski's sudden accidental death was the starting point for Everything for Sale, whose story concerns the disappearance of a famous actor during the shooting of a film…. The situation gives Wajda the occasion for confronting legend with reality, but he is aware of the danger of facile, shallow "debunking"; the film is far more complex than that. Instead, Wajda is interested in collecting the gestures, impressions, and various incidental fragments of personality or image which the dead actor scattered among the living, and showing how these "crumbs" constitute an awkward gift, like some heirloom one is dearly attached to and yet can do nothing with. The dead actor's legend persists among the living...
(The entire section is 1044 words.)
Philip Strick
While audiences outside Poland are unlikely to be aware of the historical echoes that resound through Andrzej Wajda's film of The Wedding…, and will certainly miss a fair number of its jokes and references, Wajda's achievement is to make the original event, extraordinary and uneasy as it must have seemed at the time, not only accessible but also hauntingly significant to the present. His film shudders with menace and regret, a lament for the Polish predicament both as it was in 1900 after yet another century of being used as Europe's doormat, and as it is now, its independence as elusive as ever. And setting aside nationalism entirely, The Wedding turns out to have its global metaphors as well, defined...
(The entire section is 298 words.)
BolesłAw MichałEk
On the face of it, the story [of A Generation] appears to be fairly stereotyped. At the centre there is a character with the required hallmarks of the "positive hero": high-minded, uncompromising, dogged, with all the mandatory virtues and not a trace of doubts, complications or crises. (p. 19)
It is not enough to say that A Generation was made with such skill, feeling and power that it took these pitfalls in its stride. It deserves closer scrutiny to show where and how the shifting of its emphasis was brought about. Let me touch only on the most salient point: the characterisation of the two protagonists. It is a fair guess that the inner world...
(The entire section is 2991 words.)
Jan Dawson
The most succinct way to describe Man of Marble … is as an East European Citizen Kane. Thematically, Andrzej Wajda's film is concerned with the mechanics of mythology: it explores the apparatus whereby a public image is created, modified and demolished, while simultaneously pursuing its own investigation into the reality behind the official myths. Like Kane, it is concerned with the power of the media to manipulate and even to manufacture truth; but where Welles was conducting a many-levelled enquiry into the power of the press, the medium with which Wajda is centrally concerned is that of the motion picture. His film, even more than Kane, becomes a technical demonstration of his subject...
(The entire section is 510 words.)
Stanley Kauffmann
[My] present opinion of Wajda grows, but does not differ, from what I thought 18 years ago. Wajda has now, quite evidently, the confidence that comes from extensive experience (he also directs in the theater) and from praise. To me, he is still honorably ambitious, still concerned with art that flourishes out of social tensions; also, he is still maladroit in method and selection, imitative, "unrecognizable" except in his excesses and faults….
Without Anesthesia (1978) is a metaphoric, perhaps binary, film…. Politically Without Anesthesia doesn't say much more than that one can be in favor or disfavor, arbitrarily: the politics of the protagonist, a journalist-teacher, is not clear....
(The entire section is 557 words.)
Elliott Stein
[The Young Girls of Wilko] is ironically elegiac, one of Andrzej Wajda's least vehement and most beautiful films….
It is a film about lost opportunities and missed chances, of delicate undercurrents of the sort generally best left to literature. The shadowy, distant, and possibly affectless Wiktor never completely reveals himself to anyone; it is likely that his attraction is his emptiness—it can contain whatever those who love him wish to project.
Elliott Stein, "Reports from the New York Film Festival: 'The Young Girls of Wilko'" (copyright © 1979 by Elliott Stein; reprinted by permission of the author), in Film Comment, Vol. 15, No. 6,...
(The entire section is 103 words.)
Ryszard Koniczek
[Rough Treatment] is the continuation of the line Wajda had adopted in the Man of Marble. A directly contemporary subject and a reporting style, quick, banal with no sophisticated symbols and in-frame compositions emphasise the shift in approach of the "romantic-baroque" plastic artist of the screen…. But in principle, Wajda is still deeply himself, a dramatic artist, violent, imposing his own philosophical point of view. The usual, the everyday, the trite—which are the essence of life—head toward tragedy in Rough Treatment. Wajda has never fitted into standard categories, Aristotle's logic, Cartesian motivation. His most epic subjects, such as Ashes or Land of Promise, as...
(The entire section is 404 words.)


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (42 votes).
In short: A good multilap course - but short, alot short. (not however in a pb kinda way!)In full: Well organised with lots of parking and toilets close to the reg tent and the start finish. I found the course great with lots of variation of the laps. I personally like multilap courses so found it great however if its not your thing then steer clear as the 12 laps will drive you potty. Mine main gripe was that the course was short. not just a bit.. by over a K! I find this not excusable even if its the first time they've put on the race. Its pretty straight forward in this day and age of GPS, even with a multi lap course. Id happily do it again next year if it was proper distance.Date of review: July 10, 2013
In short: Well Organised for a first time event nice supply of nutrition every lapIn full: The Race was well organised with ample car parking on site to accommodate all runners, registration was quick and the overall communication regarding changes of start times was well managed and explained.The course was 3.5km with a slight variation for the first lap of the 10km, it was all on grass, running through fields and the surrounding Country Park.Personally I found 6 laps very repetitive but the provision of GU energy gels, jelly babies, 9 Bar Snacks and water on every lap was excellent, as were the wrist bands to serve as a visual reminder of what lap you were on.The only fault I would raise is the end of the race seemed to be under the start/finish inflatable sign however it was actually a finishing funnel before the start/finish sign, this wasn't that clear to all finishers and I saw a few people cross the "finish line" only to be told they had to go back to enter the finish funnel.But this was not a major issue and was probably communicated at the start of the race however 6 laps later in the heat people can forget what they were told earlier in the day. In terms of support there were plenty of people supporting the runners this appeared to thin after the 10k and half marathon runners finishedDate of review: July 1, 2013
In short: Muddy but Fun!In full: For my first marathon the mud was not ideal, but thought the race was well organised and the marshalls were very friendly and encouraging. The course would have been great I think if the original route would have been run, but not much the organisers could have done about that!Again would have preferred a t-shirt over a bag but thats my only minor grumble!Thoroughly enjoyed the day and the challenge of an off-road marathon!Date of review: April 3, 2013
In short: I'm used to running on roads so running on a muddy course was a bit of a change. enjoyed it but not the fast run that i wanted.Date of review: April 1, 2013
In short: Ok, could be betterIn full: No issues with organisation and course was ok but not that interesting although accept this was changed a bit due to poor weather and respect and appreciate that this was considered prior to the day.Disappointed that we got a poor quality bag after the fab t- shirt last year and thought this was poor for the fairly steep entry fee.Also disappointed at the lack of toilets after this was an issue last year too and it seemed that improvements were put asides at the expense of saving money.I think this will be a false economy in the long run as runners ( including myself) may not come back as a result ( I would however, if I knew the issues above had been addressed)Date of review: March 31, 2013
In short: not a good pb course but fun all the sameIn full: Pretty course, 3 laps round the grounds of the abbey. Was hoping for a quick time but soon realised that was impossible in that it was so muddy, and twisty paths that meant you had to be careful not to go over on your ankle! Also as a 10k runner, we soon had the trouble of negotiating the slightly slower half and full marathoners - would have been fine on a less muddy day perhaps but meant the lapped route got congested in places. However, the advantage of the slow field is that I came (I think) 3rd or 4th lady - yay! Not normally possible with a 47 min 10k!! Date of review: March 31, 2013
In short: Little elavation, but lots of mud, twist and turns made it very demanding on legs. Date of review: March 31, 2013
In short: Not a race to gain a PB!In full: Bottle neck at the start and single file only for the first section made the going very slow for those stuck nearer the back of the field, however the drinks station with jelly babies half way round was a welcome site - a good hill to get you going and not too muddy underfoot. Will run again next year, lovely atmosphere & friendly runners/organisers.Date of review: March 18, 2013
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Tags: baby elephants playing, elephant, baby elephants, elephants playing, trunk, african elephant, loxodonta africana, animals in captivi
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play with me!by serenityphotography
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- Photography
- Artist Notes
- A young elephant tries to persuade his sleepy cousin to stop resting and play with him, at the Howletts Wild Animal Park in Kent. Adult elephants can eat up to 150kg of foliage, fruit and small branches in a day. They are classified as vulnerable on the endangered species list. See more at www.SerenityPhotography.co.uk
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- kent, england
- Artist Biography
- Born in Dover, England, I became disillusioned with the rat race and began travelling in 1997. On my first round the world trip I discovered a passion for travel, photography and scuba diving. Since then I have spent a total of five years on the road, become a diving instructor and semi-prof ...


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Four Diamonds
The Columbus Dispatch - February 22, 2013 09:54 AM
Seven local hotels and restaurants have been awarded the AAA Four Diamond designation/rating.
The five hotels are: Embassy Suites Columbus Airport, Hilton Columbus at Easton, Hilton Columbus/Polaris, Renaissance Downtown Columbus, the Westin Columbus.
In all of Ohio, only 14 hotels got this rating.
The two local restaurants that tallied Four Diamonds are the Refectory and M.
Not a single restaurant in all of Ohio received a Five Diamond rating.


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Tre Marie Panettone - Mixed Berries
About this itemA traditional Italian holiday treat whose origins date back to 1896. Tre Marie Panettone, an Italian Christmas tradition, is a rich sweet Holiday cake with a flavorful experience that makes joys of the Holiday Season even more special.
The Delicacy of currants and blueberries combined with the sweetness of strawberries in a mixture with buckwheat flour.
Tre Marie is a historic brand that embodies the authentic taste of traditional Italian baked goods and are always made with high quality ingredients. Imported from Italy, 1Lb 14 oz.
Ingredients: wheat flour, semi-candied forest fruits 14% (redcurrants 34.7%, blackcurrants 25%, glucose-fructose syrup, strawberries 9.6%, blueberries 4.4%, sugar, citric acid; preservative: potassium sorbate), butter, sugar, egg yolk, yeast, forest fruits filling (sugar, fructose syrup, apple purée, blackcurrants 7%, blackberries, rice flour, strawberries 5%, raspberries, vegetable fat (palm kernel oil), pectin; citric acid; lemon fiber, flavors), buckwheat flour 1%, mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids (of vegetable origin), whey powder, wheat bran, salt, oat flour, barley flour, rye flour, flavors, linseeds,
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