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Common dynamics of two Pisot substitutions with the same incidence matrix
Sellami, Tarek
The matrix of a substitution is not sufficient to completely determine the dynamics associated, even in simplest cases since there are many words with the same abelianization. In this paper we study the common points of the canonical broken lines associated to two different Pisot irreducible substitutions $\\sigma_1$ and $\\sigma_2$ having the same incidence matrix. We prove that if 0 is inner point to the Rauzy fractal associated to $\\sigma_1$ these common points can be generated with a substitution on an alphabet of so-called "balanced blocks".
Characterizing families of positive real matrices by matrix substitutions on scalar rational functions
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Fernández-Anaya, G.; Matínez-García, J.C.; Kučera, Vladimír
Roč. 55, č. 11 (2006), s. 871-878. ISSN 0167-6911 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA102/05/0011 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Matrix positive real substitutions * properties preservation * linear time-invariant systems * robustness * Kalman –Yakubovich –Popov lemma * circle criterion Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory Impact factor: 1.683, year: 2006
A substitution matrix for structural alphabet based on structural alignment of homologous proteins and its applications.
Tyagi, Manoj; Gowri, Venkataraman S; Srinivasan, Narayanaswamy; de Brevern, Alexandre G; Offmann, Bernard
Analysis of protein structures based on backbone structural patterns known as structural alphabets have been shown to be very useful. Among them, a set of 16 pentapeptide structural motifs known as protein blocks (PBs) has been identified and upon which backbone model of most protein structures can be built. PBs allows simplification of 3D space onto 1D space in the form of sequence of PBs. Here, for the first time, substitution probabilities of PBs in a large number of aligned homologous protein structures have been studied and are expressed as a simplified 16 x 16 substitution matrix. The matrix was validated by benchmarking how well it can align sequences of PBs rather like amino acid alignment to identify structurally equivalent regions in closely or distantly related proteins using dynamic programming approach. The alignment results obtained are very comparable to well established structure comparison methods like DALI and STAMP. Other interesting applications of the matrix have been investigated. We first show that, in variable regions between two superimposed homologous proteins, one can distinguish between local conformational differences and rigid-body displacement of a conserved motif by comparing the PBs and their substitution scores. Second, we demonstrate, with the example of aspartic proteinases, that PBs can be efficiently used to detect the lobe/domain flexibility in the multidomain proteins. Lastly, using protein kinase as an example, we identify regions of conformational variations and rigid body movements in the enzyme as it is changed to the active state from an inactive state. PMID:16894618
Stochastic sandwich method with low mode substitution for nucleon isovector matrix elements
Yang, Yi-Bo; Draper, Terrence; Gong, Ming; Liu, Keh-Fei
We introduce a stochastic sandwich method with low-mode substitution to evaluate the connected three-point functions. The isovector matrix elements of the nucleon for the axial-vector coupling $g_A^3$, scalar couplings $g_S^3$ and the quark momentum fraction $\\langle x\\rangle_{u -d}$ are calculated with overlap fermion on 2+1 flavor domain-wall configurations on a $24^3 \\times 64$ lattice at $m_{\\pi} = 330$ MeV with lattice spacing $a = 0.114$ fm.
Aligning protein sequence and analysing substitution pattern using a class-specific matrix
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Hai Song Xu; Wen Ke Ren; Xiao Hui Liu; Xiao Qin Li
Aligning protein sequences using a score matrix has became a routine but valuable method in modern biological research. However, alignment in the 'twilight zone' remains an open issue. It is feasible and necessary to construct a new score matrix as more protein structures are resolved. Three structural class-specific score matrices (all-alpha, all-beta and alpha/beta) were constructed based on the structure alignment of low identity proteins of the corresponding structural classes. The class-specific score matrices were significantly better than a structure-derived matrix (HSDM) and three other generalized matrices (BLOSUM30, BLOSUM60 and Gonnet250) in alignment performance tests. The optimized gap penalties presented here also promote alignment performance. The results indicate that different protein classes have distinct amino acid substitution patterns, and an amino acid score matrix should be constructed based on different structural classes. The class-specific score matrices could also be used in profile construction to improve homology detection.
A novel dermal matrix generated from burned skin as a promising substitute for deep-degree burns therapy.
Yu, Guanying; Ye, Lan; Tan, Wei; Zhu, Xuguo; Li, Yaonan; Jiang, Duyin
The extensive skin defects induced by severe burns are dangerous and can be fatal. Currently, the most common therapy is tangential excision to remove the necrotic or denatured areas of skin, followed by skin grafting. Xenogeneic dermal substitutes, such as porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM), are typically used to cover the burn wounds, and may accelerate wound healing. It is assumed that burned skin that still maintains partial biological activity may be recycled to construct an autologous acellular dermal matrix, termed 'deep‑degree burned dermal matrix (DDBDM)'. In theory, DDBDM may avoid the histoincompatibility issues associated with foreign or xenogeneic dermal matrices, and reduce therapy costs by making full use of discarded skin. In the present study, the collagens within prepared DDBDM were thickened, disorganized and partially fractured, however, they still maintained their reticular structure and tensile strength (P<0.01). Through microarray analysis of the cytokines present in ADM and DDBDM, it was determined that the DDBDM did not produce excessive levels of harmful burn toxins. Following 4 weeks of subcutaneous implantation, ADM and DDBDM were incompletely degraded and maintained good integrity. No significant inflammatory reaction or rejection were observed, which indicated that ADM and DDBDM have good histocompatibility. Therefore, DDBDM may be a useful material for the treatment of deep‑degree burns. PMID:26846279
RMOS blastn result - KOME | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available [ Credits ] BLAST Search ... Image Search ... Home About Archive Update History Contact us KOME RMOS bla ... ult Description of data contents Results of blastn search es against the Rice EST Microarray (G-Array) Data f ... ome_rmos_blastn_result.zip File size: 74 KB Simple search ... URL http://togodb.biosciencedbc.jp/togodb/view/kom ...
Designing of hydroxyapatite-gelatin based porous matrix as bone substitute: Correlation with biocompatibility aspects
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Full Text Available In the present study polyacrylamide (PAm-gelatin-hydroxyapatite (HA composites have been synthesized by suspension polymerization method. The prepared composites were characterized by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR which revealed the presence of functional groups in the composite. The X-ray diffraction (XRD studies indicated that HA powder was present in nano size. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA revealed that composite is more thermally stable than the polymer matrix alone. The morphology of composite studied by optical microscopy (OPM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM suggested that pore size was between 3–20 µm. The composites showed adequately good mechanical properties as evident from the varying compressive strength and modulus in the range 31.57±8.16 MPa and 745±388 MPa, respectively. The water sorption behavior was found to be dependent on the chemical composition of the matrix and the sorption data were used to calculate network parameters. The porosity of composite varied between 4 to 30.66%.The in vitro blood compatibility indicated that the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA varied from 0.11 to 0.24 mg•g–1, the percentage haemolysis was between 2.4 to 6.9% and the weight of blood clot formed on the composite surfaces were found in the range 11 to 52 mg.
Using the nucleotide substitution rate matrix to detect horizontal gene transfer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Betterton M D
Full Text Available Abstract Background Horizontal gene transfer (HGT has allowed bacteria to evolve many new capabilities. Because transferred genes perform many medically important functions, such as conferring antibiotic resistance, improved detection of horizontally transferred genes from sequence data would be an important advance. Existing sequence-based methods for detecting HGT focus on changes in nucleotide composition or on differences between gene and genome phylogenies; these methods have high error rates. Results First, we introduce a new class of methods for detecting HGT based on the changes in nucleotide substitution rates that occur when a gene is transferred to a new organism. Our new methods discriminate simulated HGT events with an error rate up to 10 times lower than does GC content. Use of models that are not time-reversible is crucial for detecting HGT. Second, we show that using combinations of multiple predictors of HGT offers substantial improvements over using any single predictor, yielding as much as a factor of 18 improvement in performance (a maximum reduction in error rate from 38% to about 3%. Multiple predictors were combined by using the random forests machine learning algorithm to identify optimal classifiers that separate HGT from non-HGT trees. Conclusion The new class of HGT-detection methods introduced here combines advantages of phylogenetic and compositional HGT-detection techniques. These new techniques offer order-of-magnitude improvements over compositional methods because they are better able to discriminate HGT from non-HGT trees under a wide range of simulated conditions. We also found that combining multiple measures of HGT is essential for detecting a wide range of HGT events. These novel indicators of horizontal transfer will be widely useful in detecting HGT events linked to the evolution of important bacterial traits, such as antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity.
Silicon Matrix Calcium Phosphate as a Bone Substitute: Early Clinical and Radiological Results in a Prospective Study With 12-Month Follow-up
Pimenta, Luiz; Pesántez, Carlos Fernando Arias; Oliveira, Leonardo
Introduction Autograft has been the "gold standard" for orthopedic bone grafting applications, but with some clinical challenges. Here we present the rationale and clinical outcomes supporting the use of a bone substitute material that consists of a mixture of two calcium phosphates (HA and ß-TCP), which are integrated into a silicon xerogel matrix, promoting nanocrystalline apatite layers on the surface of the material following implantation into a physiological environment. Methods Twenty-f...
Infrared Spectroscopy of Matrix-Isolated Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Their Ions. 7; Phenazine, a Dual Substituted Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycle
Mattioda, A. L.; Hudgins, D. M.; Bauschlicher, C. W., Jr.; Allamandola, L. J.
The matrix-isolation technique has been employed to measure the mid-infrared spectra of phenazine (C12H8N2), a dual substituted Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycle (PANH), in the neutral, cationic and anionic forms. The experimentally measured band frequencies and intensities are tabulated and compared with their calculated values as well as those of the non-substituted parent molecule, anthracene. The theoretical band positions and intensities were calculated using both the 3-31 G as well as the larger 6-3lG* Basis Sets. A comparison of the results can be found in the tables. The spectroscopic properties of phenazine and its cation are similar to those observed in mono-substituted PANHs, with one exception. The presence of a second nitrogen atom results in an additional enhancement of the cation's total integrated intensity, for the 1500-1000 cm(sup -1) (6.7 to 10 micron) region, over that observed for a mono-substituted PANH cation. The significance of this enhancement and the astrobiological implications of these results are discussed.
Axially substituted phthalocyanine/naphthalocyanine doped in glass matrix: an approach to the practical use for optical limiting material.
Yuan, Hua; Chen, Jun; Zhang, Tao; Wang, Shuangqing; Hu, Rui; Li, Shayu; Yang, Guoqiang
A novel glass matrix doped with phthalocyanine or naphthalocyanine is prepared by a modified sol-gel technique. The photophysical and optical limiting properties of the phthalocyanine compounds both in glass matrix and in THF solution were investigated. The obtained glass matrix is homogeneous and transparent, as well as mechanically and thermodynamically stable enough to withstand very high laser fluence; the optical limiting performances of these compound samples are better than that of benchmark materials like C60 in toluene, carbon black in water, and graphene oxide in water or ethanol under nanosecond pulsed laser at 532 nm. Two prototypes of optical limiters doped in the glass matrix have very good optical limiting performances, which may provide potential practical use for optical limiting materials in a near future. PMID:27137586
Histological and histomorphometrical analysis of a silica matrix embedded nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone substitute using the subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The clinical suitability of a bone substitute material is determined by the ability to induce a tissue reaction specific to its composition. The aim of this in vivo study was to analyze the tissue reaction to a silica matrix-embedded, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone substitute. The subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats was chosen to assess the effect of silica degradation on the vascularization of the biomaterial and its biodegradation within a time period of 6 months. Already at day 10 after implantation, histomorphometrical analysis showed that the vascularization of the implantation bed reached its peak value compared to all other time points. Both vessel density and vascularization significantly decreased until day 90 after implantation. In this time period, the bone substitute underwent a significant degradation initiated by TRAP-positive and TRAP-negative multinucleated giant cells together with macrophages and lymphocytes. Although no specific tissue reaction could be related to the described silica degradation, the biomaterial was close to being fully degraded without a severe inflammatory response. These characteristics are advantageous for bone regeneration and remodeling processes.
Histological and histomorphometrical analysis of a silica matrix embedded nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone substitute using the subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ghanaati, Shahram; Orth, Carina; Barbeck, Mike; Kirkpatrick, Charles James [Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz (Germany); Willershausen, Ines [Institute for Dental Material Sciences and Technology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 14, 55128 Mainz (Germany); Thimm, Benjamin W [Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zuerich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str.10, 8093 Zuerich (Switzerland); Booms, Patrick [Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Medicine, Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Leeds (United Kingdom); Stuebinger, Stefan; Landes, Constantin; Sader, Robert Anton, E-mail: email@example.com [Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stein-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
The clinical suitability of a bone substitute material is determined by the ability to induce a tissue reaction specific to its composition. The aim of this in vivo study was to analyze the tissue reaction to a silica matrix-embedded, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone substitute. The subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats was chosen to assess the effect of silica degradation on the vascularization of the biomaterial and its biodegradation within a time period of 6 months. Already at day 10 after implantation, histomorphometrical analysis showed that the vascularization of the implantation bed reached its peak value compared to all other time points. Both vessel density and vascularization significantly decreased until day 90 after implantation. In this time period, the bone substitute underwent a significant degradation initiated by TRAP-positive and TRAP-negative multinucleated giant cells together with macrophages and lymphocytes. Although no specific tissue reaction could be related to the described silica degradation, the biomaterial was close to being fully degraded without a severe inflammatory response. These characteristics are advantageous for bone regeneration and remodeling processes.
Own Experience From The Use Of A Substitute Of An Allogeneic Acellular Dermal Matrix Revitalized With In Vitro Cultured Skin Cells In Clinical Practice
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Łabuś Wojciech
Full Text Available As a result of the removal of cells from human allogeneic dermis, a collagen scaffold is obtained, which can be populated de novo with autologous/allogeneic skin cells and transplanted onto the area of skin loss. The optimal method for production of acellular dermal matrices (ADM has been selected. Three female patients (a mean age of 54 years were subjected to the transplantation of either autologous or allogeneic keratinocytes and fibroblasts into the holes of acellular dermal matrix (ADM mesh graft. The method for burn wound treatment based on the use of a viable dermal-epidermal skin substitute (based on ADM and in vitro cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes may be the optimal method of burn treatment.
Own Experience From The Use Of A Substitute Of An Allogeneic Acellular Dermal Matrix Revitalized With In Vitro Cultured Skin Cells In Clinical Practice.
Łabuś, Wojciech; Kawecki, Marek; Glik, Justyna; Maj, Mariusz; Kitala, Diana; Misiuga, Marcelina; Klama-Baryła, Agnieszka; Kraut, Małgorzata; Nowak, Mariusz
As a result of the removal of cells from human allogeneic dermis, a collagen scaffold is obtained, which can be populated de novo with autologous/allogeneic skin cells and transplanted onto the area of skin loss. The optimal method for production of acellular dermal matrices (ADM) has been selected. Three female patients (a mean age of 54 years) were subjected to the transplantation of either autologous or allogeneic keratinocytes and fibroblasts into the holes of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) mesh graft. The method for burn wound treatment based on the use of a viable dermal-epidermal skin substitute (based on ADM and in vitro cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes) may be the optimal method of burn treatment. PMID:26812752
GenBank blastn search result: AK121312 [KOME
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available te MMP24 (membrane-inserted matrix metalloproteinase 24) and two predicted CpG islands, complete sequence.|VRT VRT 3e-21 Plus Plus ... ...l gene similar to mouse and human MBC2 (membrane bound C2 domain containing prote...in), a novel gene similar to vertebrate ITGB4BP (integrin beta 4 binding protein), the 3' part of novel gene similar to vertebra...AK121312 J023112O04 AL929108.5 Zebrafish DNA sequence from clone CH211-239J9 in lin...kage group 6 Contains the 3' part of a novel gene similar to human and mouse SPAG1 (sperm associated antigen
GenBank blastn search result: AK242341 [KOME
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ovel gene similar to vertebrate MMP24 (membrane-inserted matrix metalloproteinase 24) and two predicted CpG islands, complete sequence. VRT 9e-24 1 1 ... ...e, a novel gene similar to mouse and human MBC2 (membrane bound C2 domain contain...ing protein), a novel gene similar to vertebrate ITGB4BP (integrin beta 4 binding protein), the 3' part of n...AK242341 J075199P17 AL929108.5 AL929108 Zebrafish DNA sequence from clone CH211-239...J9 in linkage group 6 Contains the 3' part of a novel gene similar to human and mouse SPAG1 (sperm associated an
Instrumented fusion of thoracolumbar fracture with type I mineralized collagen matrix combined with autogenous bone marrow as a bone graft substitute: a four-case report
Faundez, Antonio; Taylor, Sofia; Kaelin, André
In order to avoid the morbidity from autogenous bone harvesting, bone graft substitutes are being used more frequently in spinal surgery. There is indirect radiological evidence that bone graft substitutes are efficacious in humans. The purpose of this four-case study was to visually, manually, and histologically assess the quality of a fusion mass produced by a collagen hydroxyapatite scaffold impregnated with autologous bone marrow aspirate for posterolateral fusion. Four patients sustained...
Investigation of water mobility and diffusivity in hydrating micronized low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose matrix tablets by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kojima, Masazumi; Nakagami, Hiroaki [Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo (Japan). Pharmaceutical Technology Research Lab.
The water mobility and diffusivity in the gel-layer of hydrating low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (LH41) tablets with or without a drug were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared with those properties in the gel-layer of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) tablets. For this purpose, a localized image-analysis method was newly developed, and the spin-spin relaxation time (T{sub 2}) and apparent self-diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water in the gel-layer were visualized in one-dimensional maps. Those maps showed that the extent of gel-layer growth in the tablets was in the order of HPC>HPMC>>LH41, and there was a water mobility gradient across the gel-layers of all three tablet formulations. The T{sub 2} and ADC in the outer parts of the gel-layers were close to those of free water. In contrast, these values in the inner parts of the gel-layer decreased progressively; suggesting that the water mobility and diffusivity around the core interface were highly restricted. Furthermore, the correlation between the T{sub 2} of {sup 1}H proton in the gel-layer of the tablets and the drug release rate from the tablets was observed. (author)
Investigation of water mobility and diffusivity in hydrating micronized low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose matrix tablets by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The water mobility and diffusivity in the gel-layer of hydrating low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (LH41) tablets with or without a drug were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared with those properties in the gel-layer of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) tablets. For this purpose, a localized image-analysis method was newly developed, and the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) and apparent self-diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water in the gel-layer were visualized in one-dimensional maps. Those maps showed that the extent of gel-layer growth in the tablets was in the order of HPC>HPMC>>LH41, and there was a water mobility gradient across the gel-layers of all three tablet formulations. The T2 and ADC in the outer parts of the gel-layers were close to those of free water. In contrast, these values in the inner parts of the gel-layer decreased progressively; suggesting that the water mobility and diffusivity around the core interface were highly restricted. Furthermore, the correlation between the T2 of 1H proton in the gel-layer of the tablets and the drug release rate from the tablets was observed. (author)
Rutherford, Daniel Edwin
Classic monograph, suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Topics include calculus of permutations and tableaux, semi-normal representation, orthogonal and natural representations, group characters, and substitutional equations. 1968 edition.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
The DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Office of Technology Development and the Air Force Engineering and Services Center convened the First Annual International Workshop on Solvent Substitution on December 4--7, 1990. The primary objectives of this joint effort were to share information and ideas among attendees in order to enhance the development and implementation of required new technologies for the elimination of pollutants associated with industrial use of hazardous and toxic solvents; and to aid in accelerating collaborative efforts and technology transfer between government and industry for solvent substitution. There were workshop sessions focusing on Alternative Technologies, Alternative Solvents, Recovery/Recycling, Low VOC Materials and Treatment for Environmentally Safe Disposal. The 35 invited papers presented covered a wide range of solvent substitution activities including: hardware and weapons production and maintenance, paint stripping, coating applications, printed circuit boards, metal cleaning, metal finishing, manufacturing, compliance monitoring and process control monitoring. This publication includes the majority of these presentations. In addition, in order to further facilitate information exchange and technology transfer, the US Air Force and DOE solicited additional papers under a general Call for Papers.'' These papers, which underwent review and final selection by a peer review committee, are also included in this combined Proceedings/Compendium. For those involved in handling, using or managing hazardous and toxic solvents, this document should prove to be a valuable resource, providing the most up-to-date information on current technologies and practices in solvent substitution. Individual papers are abstracted separated.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Office of Technology Development and the Air Force Engineering and Services Center convened the First Annual International Workshop on Solvent Substitution on December 4--7, 1990. The primary objectives of this joint effort were to share information and ideas among attendees in order to enhance the development and implementation of required new technologies for the elimination of pollutants associated with industrial use of hazardous and toxic solvents; and to aid in accelerating collaborative efforts and technology transfer between government and industry for solvent substitution. There were workshop sessions focusing on Alternative Technologies, Alternative Solvents, Recovery/Recycling, Low VOC Materials and Treatment for Environmentally Safe Disposal. The 35 invited papers presented covered a wide range of solvent substitution activities including: hardware and weapons production and maintenance, paint stripping, coating applications, printed circuit boards, metal cleaning, metal finishing, manufacturing, compliance monitoring and process control monitoring. This publication includes the majority of these presentations. In addition, in order to further facilitate information exchange and technology transfer, the US Air Force and DOE solicited additional papers under a general ''Call for Papers.'' These papers, which underwent review and final selection by a peer review committee, are also included in this combined Proceedings/Compendium. For those involved in handling, using or managing hazardous and toxic solvents, this document should prove to be a valuable resource, providing the most up-to-date information on current technologies and practices in solvent substitution. Individual papers are abstracted separated
Zavan, Barbara; Vindigni, Vincenzo; Cortivo, Roberta; Abatangelo, Giovanni
The many studies conducted so far reveal that Tissue Engineering of the skin is only at the beginning of its use in human applications. Burns patients were the first targets for such tissue substitutes, then chronic diseases, such as venous ulcers, have followed. The more experience is gained from the surgeon, the more feedback for the basic scientist to improve the product and to broaden clinical indications. Nowadays, progress in cell culture and biomedical material technologies have added ...
Research on FIoating SeedIing Effects of SeveraI Substitute Matrix in FIue -cured Tobacco%几种烟草育苗替代基质育苗效果研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
谭思思; 黄银章; 姚强; 向鹏华; 张小良; 郭维; 龙世平
easily find that,the seedling effects and agronomic traits of T3 was similar to CK based on comprehensive comparison for physical and chemical properties and seedling growth,and which can substitute commercial peat matrix for seedling in flue-cured tobacco production.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The collision integral terms in Boltzmann equation are reformulated numerically leading to the substitution of the multiple integrals with a multiplicative matrix of the two colliding species velocity distribution functions which varies with the differential collision cross section. A matrix of lower rank may be constructed when one of the distribution functions is specified, in which case the matrix elements represent kinetic transition probabilities in the velocity space and the multiplication of the time rate collision matrix with the unknown velocity distribution function expresses the time rate of change of the distribution. The collision matrix may be used to describe the time evolution of systems in nonequilibrium conditions, to evaluate the rate of momentum and energy transfer between given species, or to generate validity criteria for linearized kinetic equations
Biologic and synthetic skin substitutes: An overview
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Halim Ahmad
Full Text Available The current trend of burn wound care has shifted to more holistic approach of improvement in the long-term form and function of the healed burn wounds and quality of life. This has demanded the emergence of various skin substitutes in the management of acute burn injury as well as post burn reconstructions. Skin substitutes have important roles in the treatment of deep dermal and full thickness wounds of various aetiologies. At present, there is no ideal substitute in the market. Skin substitutes can be divided into two main classes, namely, biological and synthetic substitutes. The biological skin substitutes have a more intact extracellular matrix structure, while the synthetic skin substitutes can be synthesised on demand and can be modulated for specific purposes. Each class has its advantages and disadvantages. The biological skin substitutes may allow the construction of a more natural new dermis and allow excellent re-epithelialisation characteristics due to the presence of a basement membrane. Synthetic skin substitutes demonstrate the advantages of increase control over scaffold composition. The ultimate goal is to achieve an ideal skin substitute that provides an effective and scar-free wound healing.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and nano-electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometric characterization of 1-cyano-2-substituted-benz[f]isoindole derivatives of peptides for fluorescence detection
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Linnemayr, K; Brückner, A; Körner, R;
and emission wavelengths of 420 and 490 nm, respectively. After removal of unreacted compounds, the peptide conjugates were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight and nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry. They readily form both [M...
Medicineringsfejl ved generisk substitution
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rölfing, Jan
Generic substitution is a major cause of medical mistakes in the general population. Danish legislation obligates pharmacies to substitute prescribed medicine with the cheapest equivalent formulation, despite variations in product name, packaging, shape and colour. Consequently, medical mistakes...
40 CFR 721.8780 - Substituted pyridine azo substituted phenyl.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted pyridine azo substituted... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.8780 Substituted pyridine azo substituted phenyl. (a) Chemical substance... substituted pyridine azo substituted phenyl (PMNs P-96-767 and P-96-773) are subject to reporting under...
Matrix isolation studies of the interactions of BF3 with water and substituted diethyl ethers. Chemical ionization mass spectrometric determination of the proton affinity of (CF3CH2)2O
Ball, David W.; Zehe, Michael J.
BF3 was co-condensed with H2O, D2O, (C2H5)2O, (CF3CH2)2O, and (C2F5)2O in excess argon at 15 K. Infrared spectra of BF3/water isolated in solid argon provided a more complete analysis of the BF3--H2O complex than previously published. Infrared spectra of the matrices showed a definite Lewis acid-base interaction between BF3 and diethyl ether; a weak but definite interaction with bis (2,2,2-trifluorodiethyl) ether, and no observable interaction with perfluorodiethyl ether. Thus, the ether data indicate a clear trend between strength of interaction with BF3 and the degree of F substitution. To support and explain the emerging relationship between interaction strength and the basicity of the oxygen-containing molecule, the proton affinity of (CF3CH2)2O was measured using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The implications of the results for lubricant/metal oxide surface interactions are discussed.
Fractal dual substitution tilings
Frank, Natalie Priebe; Webster, Samuel B. G.; Whittaker, Michael F.
Starting with a substitution tiling, we demonstrate a method for constructing infinitely many new substitution tilings. Each of these new tilings is derived from a graph iterated function system and the tiles have fractal boundary. We show that each of the new tilings is mutually locally derivable to the original tiling. Thus, at the tiling space level, the new substitution rules are expressing geometric and combinatorial, rather than topological, features of the original. Our method is easy ...
Syndeticity and independent substitutions
Durand, Fabien
We associate in a canonical way a substitution to any abstract numeration system built on a regular language. In relationship with the growth order of the letters, we define the notion of two independent substitutions. Our main result is the following. If a sequence $x$ is generated by two independent substitutions, at least one being of exponential growth, then the factors of $x$ appearing infinitely often in $x$ appear with bounded gaps. As an application, we derive an analogue of Cobham's theorem for two independent substitutions (or abstract numeration systems) one with polynomial growth, the other being exponential.
Channel matrix, measurement matrix and collapsed matrix in teleportation
Zha, Xin-Wei; Qi, Jian-Xia; Song, Hai-Yang
In this paper, two kinds of coefficient matrixes (channel matrix, measurement matrix)associated with the pure state for teleportation are presented, the general relation among channel matrix, measurement matrix and collapsed matrix is obtained. In addition, a criterion for teleportation that the number of coefficient of an unknown state is determined by the rank of the collapsed matrix is given.
Plefka, J. C.; Serone, M.; Waldron, A.K.
The technology required for eikonal scattering amplitude calculations in Matrix theory is developed. Using the entire supersymmetric completion of the v^4/r^7 Matrix theory potential we compute the graviton-graviton scattering amplitude and find agreement with eleven dimensional supergravity at tree level.
Bodewig, E
Matrix Calculus, Second Revised and Enlarged Edition focuses on systematic calculation with the building blocks of a matrix and rows and columns, shunning the use of individual elements. The publication first offers information on vectors, matrices, further applications, measures of the magnitude of a matrix, and forms. The text then examines eigenvalues and exact solutions, including the characteristic equation, eigenrows, extremum properties of the eigenvalues, bounds for the eigenvalues, elementary divisors, and bounds for the determinant. The text ponders on approximate solutions, as well
Neutron scattering from a substitutional mass defect
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The dynamic structure factor is calculated for a low concentration of light mass scatterers substituted in a cubic crystal matrix. A new numerical method for the exact calculation is demonstrated. A local density of states for the low momentum transfer limit, and the shifts and widths of the oscillator peaks in the high momentum transfer limit are derived. The limitations of an approximation which decouples the defect from the lattice is discussed. (author)
A unified approach to the transition matrices of DNA substitution models.
Yap, Von Bing
For a reversible finite-state continuous-time Markov chain containing similar states, the computation of the transition matrix can be expressed quite elegantly in terms of the transition matrix of an associated lumped Markov chain. This result is immensely useful for obtaining explicit transition matrices for many DNA substitution models, without diagonalizing a matrix or solving a differential equation. Furthermore, the technique works for the analogous problem in the discrete-time DNA substitution models. PMID:23313463
40 CFR 721.981 - Substituted naphtholoazo-substituted naphthalenyl-substituted azonaphthol chromium complex.
... naphthalenyl-substituted azonaphthol chromium complex. 721.981 Section 721.981 Protection of Environment...-substituted naphthalenyl-substituted azonaphthol chromium complex. (a) Chemical substance and significant new... naphtholoazo-substituted naphthalenyl-substituted azonaphthol chromium complex (PMN P-93-1631) is subject...
Cobham's theorem for substitutions
Durand, Fabien
The seminal theorem of Cobham has given rise during the last 40 years to a lot of works around non-standard numeration systems and has been extended to many contexts. In this paper, as a result of fifteen years of improvements, we obtain a complete and general version for the so-called substitutive sequences. Let $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$ be two multiplicatively independent Perron numbers. Then, a sequence $x\\in A^\\mathbb{N}$, where $A$ is a finite alphabet, is both $\\alpha$-substitutive and $\\beta$-substitutive if and only if $x$ is ultimately periodic.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The extent to which electricity could substitute for imported oil in Canada is assessed and it is concluded that the bulk of projected oil imports could be displaced. This substitution of electricity for oil could be largely completed within two decades, with existing technology, using Canadian resources. The substitution of electricity for imported oil would result in relatively low energy costs and would stimulate economic growth. Energy self-sufficiency through the substitution of electricity for oil is uniquely a Canadian option; it is not open to other industrial countries. The option exists because of Canada's resources of oil sands for essential liquid fuels, hydraulic and nuclear electrical potential, and natural gas as an interim source of energy. While other countries face an energy crisis due to declining supplies of oil, Canada faces opportunities. The policies of Federal and Provincial governments, as perceived by individual decision makers, will have a major influence on Canada's ability to realize opportunities. (auth)
The substitutability of reinforcers.
Green, Leonard; Freed, Debra E
Substitutability is a construct borrowed from microeconomics that describes a continuum of possible interactions among the reinforcers in a given situation. Highly substitutable reinforcers, which occupy one end of the continuum, are readily traded for each other due to their functional similarity. Complementary reinforcers, at the other end of the continuum, tend to be consumed jointly in fairly rigid proportion, and therefore cannot be traded for one another except to achieve that proportion. At the center of the continuum are reinforcers that are independent with respect to each other; consumption of one has no influence on consumption of another. Psychological research and analyses in terms of substitutability employ standard operant conditioning paradigms in which humans and nonhumans choose between alternative reinforcers. The range of reinforcer interactions found in these studies is more readily accommodated and predicted when behavior-analytic models of choice consider issues of substitutability. New insights are gained into such areas as eating and drinking, electrical brain stimulation, temporal separation of choice alternatives, behavior therapy, drug use, and addictions. Moreover, the generalized matching law (Baum, 1974) gains greater explanatory power and comprehensiveness when measures of substitutability are included. PMID:16812696
Geometric realizations of substitutive tilings
Bedaride, Nicolas
We define 2-dimensional topological substitutions. A tiling of the Euclidean plane, or of the hyperbolic plane, is substitutive if the underlying 2-complex can be obtained by iteration of a 2-dimensional topological substitution. We prove that there is no primitive substitutive tiling of the hyperbolic plane $\\mathbb{H}^2$. However, we give an example of substitutive tiling of $\\Hyp^2$ which is non-primitive.
[Delegation yes, substitution no!].
Schroeder, A
The aging of society leads on the one hand to increasing case numbers and on the other hand to a reduction in the number of physicians available for patient treatment. The delegation and substitution of medical duties as a tried and tested method is increasingly being recommended in order to compensate for the lack of physicians. The Berufsverband der Deutschen Urologen (BDU, Professional Association of German Urologists) supports the guiding principle of the Bundesärztekammer (Federal Medical Council) of "delegation yes, substitution no" and rejects a substitution of medical duties by non-medical academic health personnel. Against the background of the demographic changes, the increasing need for treatment and the current deficiency of junior physicians, a more extensive inclusion of well-qualified and experienced non-medical personnel by the delegation of medically responsible duties (medical scope of practice) can be an appropriate measure to maintain a good medical service in practices, hospitals and nursing homes. PMID:25047595
Richardson, Thomas M.
The reciprocal Pascal matrix is the Hadamard inverse of the symmetric Pascal matrix. We show that the ordinary matrix inverse of the reciprocal Pascal matrix has integer elements. The proof uses two factorizations of the matrix of super Catalan numbers.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
@@ Energy crisis has become great challenge to the whole world.As the vehicle population keeps soaring in China,effectie countermeasures should be taken timely to deal with global energy crisis.There are two ways out:one is to substitute and one is to save.
Bhatia, Rajendra
A good part of matrix theory is functional analytic in spirit. This statement can be turned around. There are many problems in operator theory, where most of the complexities and subtleties are present in the finite-dimensional case. My purpose in writing this book is to present a systematic treatment of methods that are useful in the study of such problems. This book is intended for use as a text for upper division and gradu ate courses. Courses based on parts of the material have been given by me at the Indian Statistical Institute and at the University of Toronto (in collaboration with Chandler Davis). The book should also be useful as a reference for research workers in linear algebra, operator theory, mathe matical physics and numerical analysis. A possible subtitle of this book could be Matrix Inequalities. A reader who works through the book should expect to become proficient in the art of deriving such inequalities. Other authors have compared this art to that of cutting diamonds. One first has to...
Dermal Matrices and Bioengineered Skin Substitutes: A Critical Review of Current Options
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Heidi Debels, MD
Conclusions: Skin substitutes are a useful tool in plastic and reconstructive surgery practices as an alternative to skin grafts. In the choice of substitute, the general plastic surgery principle of replacing like tissue with like tissue seems to be still standing, and products most resembling the natural dermal extracellular matrix should be preferred.
Invariant measures for subshifts arising from substitutions of some primitive components
Hama, Masaki
The class of substitutions of some primitive components is introduced. A bilateral subshift arising from a substitution of some primitive components is decomposed into pairwise disjoint, locally compact, shift-invariant sets, on each of which an invariant Radon measure is unique up to scaling. It is completely characterized in terms of eigenvalues of an incidence matrix when the unique invariant measure is finite.
Belitsky, A V
The Operator Product Expansion for null polygonal Wilson loop in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory runs systematically in terms of multiparticle pentagon transitions which encode the physics of excitations propagating on the color flux tube ending on the sides of the four-dimensional contour. Their dynamics was unravelled in the past several years and culminated in a complete description of pentagons as an exact function of the 't Hooft coupling. In this paper we provide a solution for the last building block in this program, the SU(4) matrix structure arising from internal symmetry indices of scalars and fermions. This is achieved by a recursive solution of the Mirror and Watson equations obeyed by the so-called singlet pentagons and fixing the form of the twisted component in their tensor decomposition. The non-singlet, or charged, pentagons are deduced from these by a limiting procedure.
Selfdual Substitutions in Dimension One
Berthé, Valérie; Sirvent, Victor
There are several notions of the 'dual' of a word/tile substitution. We show that the most common ones are equivalent for substitutions in dimension one, where we restrict ourselves to the case of two letters/tiles. Furthermore, we obtain necessary and sufficient arithmetic conditions for substitutions being selfdual in this case.
Consistency of multidimensional combinatorial substitutions
Jolivet, Timo
Multidimensional combinatorial substitutions are rules that replace symbols by finite patterns of symbols in Z^d. We focus on the case where the patterns are not necessarily rectangular, which requires a specific description of the way they are glued together in the image by a substitution. Two problems can arise when defining a substitution in such a way: it can fail to be consistent, and the patterns in an image by the substitution might overlap. We prove that it is undecidable whether a two-dimensional substitution is consistent or overlapping, and we provide practical algorithms to decide these properties in some particular cases.
40 CFR 721.10126 - Alkyl amino substituted triazine amino substituted benezenesulfonic acid reaction product with...
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Alkyl amino substituted triazine amino... substituted triazine amino substituted benezenesulfonic acid reaction product with naphthalenesulfonato azo... substituted triazine amino substituted benezenesulfonic acid reaction product with naphthalenesulfonato...
40 CFR 721.2577 - Copper complex of (substituted sulfonaphthyl azo substituted phenyl) disulfonaphthyl azo, amine...
... sulfonaphthyl azo substituted phenyl) disulfonaphthyl azo, amine salt (generic). 721.2577 Section 721.2577... Copper complex of (substituted sulfonaphthyl azo substituted phenyl) disulfonaphthyl azo, amine salt... substances identified generically as copper complex of (substituted sulfonaphthyl azo substituted...
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Tan Bo; Wen Zhixiong; Zhang Yiping
We study the structure of invertible substitutions on three-letter alphabet.We show that there exists a fi-nite set S of invertible substitutions such that any invertible substitution can be written as Iw o σ1 o σ2…σk,where Iw is the inner automorphism associated with w,and σj∈S for l≤j≤k.As a consequence,M is the matrix of an invertible substitution if and only if it is a finite product of non-negative elementary matrices.
How Substitutable Is Natural Capital?
Markandya, Anil; Pedroso, S.
One of the recurring themes in the sustainability literature has been the legitimacy of using an economic framework to account for natural resources. This paper examines the potential for substituting between different inputs in the generation of income, where the inputs include natural resources such as land and energy resources. A nested constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is used to allow flexibility in the estimated elasticities of substitution. Also, with this s...
Kargın, Levent; Kurt, Veli
In this study, obtaining the matrix analog of the Euler's reflection formula for the classical gamma function we expand the domain of the gamma matrix function and give a infinite product expansion of sinπxP. Furthermore we define Riemann zeta matrix function and evaluate some other matrix integrals. We prove a functional equation for Riemann zeta matrix function.
Orthogonal Matrix in Cryptography
Santana, Yeray Cachon
In this work is proposed a method using orthogonal matrix transform properties to encrypt and decrypt a message. It will be showed how to use matrix functions to create complex encryptions. Because orthogonal matrix are always diagonalizable on R, and the exponential of a diagonal matrix is easy to compute, the exponential of orthogonal matrix will be used to encrypt text messages.
Substitute Valuations: Generation and Structure
Hajek, Bruce
Substitute valuations (in some contexts called gross substitute valuations) are prominent in combinatorial auction theory. An algorithm is given in this paper for generating a substitute valuation through Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the geometry of the set of all substitute valuations for a fixed number of goods K is investigated. The set consists of a union of polyhedrons, and the maximal polyhedrons are identified for K=4. It is shown that the maximum dimension of the maximal polyhedrons increases with K nearly as fast as two to the power K.
Displacement, Substitution, Sublimation: A Bibliography.
Pedrini, D. T.; Pedrini, Bonnie C.
Sigmund Freund worked with the mechanisms of displacement, substitution, and sublimation. These mechanisms have many similarities and have been studied diagnostically and therapeutically. Displacement and substitution seem to fit in well with phobias, hysterias, somatiyations, prejudices, and scapegoating. Phobias, prejudices, and scapegoating…
Fibrous growth of strontium substituted hydroxyapatite and its drug release
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Suganthi, R.V.; Elayaraja, K.; Joshy, M.I. Ahymah; Chandra, V. Sarath [Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025 (India); Girija, E.K. [Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011 (India); Kalkura, S. Narayana, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025 (India)
The effect of strontium on the crystallization of helical ribbon of hydroxyapatite (HAp) was investigated by single diffusion technique in silica gel matrix at 27 deg. C and physiological pH. Fibers of HAp were obtained on addition of strontium. The length of the HAp fibers, were found to decrease as the strontium substitution increases. The presence of strontium ion increased the crystallinity as well as crystallite size of HAp. The strontium substituted HAp (Sr-HAp) has similar stoichiometry to that of biological apatite. Sr-HAp was found to have increased surface area (35%) compared to control. Further, strontium substitution leads to an enhancement of in vitro bioactivity. The cumulative in-vitro amoxicillin drug release in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.2) showed a prolonged release profile for Sr-HAp.
Fibrous growth of strontium substituted hydroxyapatite and its drug release
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The effect of strontium on the crystallization of helical ribbon of hydroxyapatite (HAp) was investigated by single diffusion technique in silica gel matrix at 27 deg. C and physiological pH. Fibers of HAp were obtained on addition of strontium. The length of the HAp fibers, were found to decrease as the strontium substitution increases. The presence of strontium ion increased the crystallinity as well as crystallite size of HAp. The strontium substituted HAp (Sr-HAp) has similar stoichiometry to that of biological apatite. Sr-HAp was found to have increased surface area (35%) compared to control. Further, strontium substitution leads to an enhancement of in vitro bioactivity. The cumulative in-vitro amoxicillin drug release in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.2) showed a prolonged release profile for Sr-HAp.
Detailed assessment of homology detection using different substitution matrices
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LI Jing; WANG Wei
Homology detection plays a key role in bioinformatics, whereas substitution matrix is one of the most important components in homology detection. Thus, besides the improvement of alignment algorithms, another effective way to enhance the accuracy of homology detection is to use proper substitution matrices or even construct new matrices.A study on the features of various matrices and on the comparison of the performances between different matrices in homology detection enable us to choose the most proper or optimal matrix for some specific applications. In this paper, by taking BLOSUM matrices as an example, some detailed features of matrices in homology detection are studied by calculating the distributions of numbers of recognized proteins over different sequence identities and sequence lengths. Our results clearly showed that different matrices have different preferences and abilities to the recognition of remote homologous proteins. Furthermore, detailed features of the various matrices can be used to improve the accuracy of homology detection.
Trifluoromethyl-substituted tetrathiafulvalenes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Olivier Jeannin
Full Text Available A series of tetrathiafulvalenes functionalized with one or two trifluoromethyl electron-withdrawing groups (EWG is obtained by phosphite coupling involving CF3-substituted 1,3-dithiole-2-one derivatives. The relative effects of the EWG such as CF3, CO2Me and CN on the TTF core were investigated from a combination of structural, electrochemical, spectrochemical and theoretical investigations. Electrochemical data confirm the good correlations between the first oxidation potential of the TTF derivatives and the σmeta Hammet parameter, thus in the order CO2Me 3 3, where, as in TTF itself, the low energy absorption band is essentially attributable to a HOMO→LUMO + 1 transition. Despite relatively high oxidation potentials, these donor molecules with CF3 EWG can be involved in charge transfer complexes or cation radical salts, as reported here for the CF3-subsituted EDT-TTF donor molecule. A neutral charge transfer complex with TCNQ, (EDT-TTF-CF32(TCNQ was isolated and characterized through alternated stacks of EDT-TTF-CF3 dimers and TCNQ in the solid state. A radical cation salt of EDT-TTF-CF3 is also obtained upon electrocrystallisation in the presence of the FeCl4− anion. In this salt, formulated as (EDT-TTF-CF3(FeCl4, the (EDT-TTF-CF3+• radical cations are associated two-by-two into centrosymmetric dyads with a strong pairing of the radical species in a singlet state.
40 CFR 721.9545 - Substituted phenyl azo substituted sulfocarbopolycle, sodium salt.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted phenyl azo substituted... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.9545 Substituted phenyl azo substituted sulfocarbopolycle, sodium salt... identified generically as a substituted phenyl azo substituted sulfocarbopolycle, sodium salt (PMN...
40 CFR 721.1555 - Substituted phenyl azo substituted benzenediazonium salt.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted phenyl azo substituted... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.1555 Substituted phenyl azo substituted benzenediazonium salt. (a... generically as a substituted phenyl azo substituted benzenediazonium salt (PMN P-92-652) is subject...
40 CFR 721.3063 - Substituted phenyl azo substituted phenyl esters (generic name).
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted phenyl azo substituted... Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.3063 Substituted phenyl azo substituted phenyl... chemical substances identified generically as substituted phenyl azo substituted phenyl esters (PMNs...
Glass matrix composite material prepared with waste foundry sand
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZHANG Zhao-shu; XIA Ju-pei; ZHU Xiao-qin; LIU Fan; HE Mao-yun
The technology of glass matrix of the composite material manufactured through a sintering process and using waste foundry sand and waste glass as the main raw materials was studied. The effects of technological factors on the performance of this material were studied. The results showed that this composite material is formed with glass as matrix, core particulate as strengthening material, it has the performance of glass and ceramics, and could be used to substitute for stone.
Simple, heart-smart substitutions
... fat and cholesterol . It also limits salt, refined sugar, and processed foods. Making heart-healthy food choices does not mean you have to sacrifice flavor. The key is to substitute less healthy foods with fresh produce, whole grains, ...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The possibility that NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) can be a substitute for CT (Computerized Tomography), is described. NMR focus on the nuclei in the atoms of certain elements, for example hydrogen
Testing Substitutability of Weak Preferences
Aziz, Haris; Brill, Markus; Harrenstein, Paul
In many-to-many matching models, substitutable preferences constitute the largest domain for which a pairwise stable matching is guaranteed to exist. In this note, we extend the recently proposed algorithm of Hatfield et al. [3] to test substitutability of weak preferences. Interestingly, the algorithm is faster than the algorithm of Hatfield et al. by a linear factor on the domain of strict preferences.
Amalgam substitutes: a critical analysis
Lutz, Felix; Krejci, Ivo
Quality standards for restorations recently have been defined in Switzerland. Amalgam substitutes must meet restoration Grade 2 requirements (i.e., pulp and dental hard substance must be preserved, and both form and function of the tooth have to be reconstituted). The pertinent operative technique has to be simple and amalgam-like. A minimum service life of 8 years is required. This in vitro study investigated the clinical potential of several amalgam substitutes, taking into account the oper...
Point substitutions in Japanese alloalbumins.
Arai, K.; Madison, J; Huss, K; Ishioka, N; Satoh, C; Fujita, M.; Neel, J. V.; Sakurabayashi, I; Putnam, F W
We have completed the structural study of five rare types of inherited albumin variants (alloalbumins) discovered in the Biochemical Genetics Study of 15,581 unrelated children in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. We have also identified the structural change in five other alloalbumin specimens detected during clinical electrophoresis of sera from Japanese living near Tokyo. Each of the five albumin variants from Nagasaki and Hiroshima has a single amino acid substitution. All of these substitutions di...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Grcar, Joseph F.
A matrix lower bound is defined that generalizes ideas apparently due to S. Banach and J. von Neumann. The matrix lower bound has a natural interpretation in functional analysis, and it satisfies many of the properties that von Neumann stated for it in a restricted case. Applications for the matrix lower bound are demonstrated in several areas. In linear algebra, the matrix lower bound of a full rank matrix equals the distance to the set of rank-deficient matrices. In numerical analysis, the ratio of the matrix norm to the matrix lower bound is a condition number for all consistent systems of linear equations. In optimization theory, the matrix lower bound suggests an identity for a class of min-max problems. In real analysis, a recursive construction that depends on the matrix lower bound shows that the level sets of continuously differential functions lie asymptotically near those of their tangents.
Ubiquitination of specific mitochondrial matrix proteins.
Lehmann, Gilad; Ziv, Tamar; Braten, Ori; Admon, Arie; Udasin, Ronald G; Ciechanover, Aaron
Several protein quality control systems in bacteria and/or mitochondrial matrix from lower eukaryotes are absent in higher eukaryotes. These are transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), The N-end rule ATP-dependent protease ClpAP, and two more ATP-dependent proteases, HslUV and ClpXP (in yeast). The lost proteases resemble the 26S proteasome and the role of tmRNA and the N-end rule in eukaryotic cytosol is performed by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Therefore, we hypothesized that the UPS might have substituted these systems - at least partially - in the mitochondrial matrix of higher eukaryotes. Using three independent experimental approaches, we demonstrated the presence of ubiquitinated proteins in the matrix of isolated yeast mitochondria. First, we show that isolated mitochondria contain ubiquitin (Ub) conjugates, which remained intact after trypsin digestion. Second, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial soluble fraction contains Ub-conjugates, several of which were identified by mass spectrometry and are localized to the matrix. Third, using immunoaffinity enrichment by specific antibodies recognizing digested ubiquitinated peptides, we identified a group of Ub-modified matrix proteins. The modification was further substantiated by separation on SDS-PAGE and immunoblots. Last, we attempted to identify the ubiquitin ligase(s) involved, and identified Dma1p as a trypsin-resistant protein in our mitochondrial preparations. Taken together, these data suggest a yet undefined role for the UPS in regulation of the mitochondrial matrix proteins. PMID:27157140
Makeenko, Yu.; Zarembo, K.
We study fermionic one-matrix, two-matrix and $D$-dimensional gauge invariant matrix models. In all cases we derive loop equations which unambiguously determine the large-$N$ solution. For the one-matrix case the solution is obtained for an arbitrary interaction potential and turns out to be equivalent to the one for the Hermitean one-matrix model with a logarithmic potential and, therefore, belongs to the same universality class. The explicit solutions for the fermionic two-matrix and $D$-di...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Petersen, Kaare Brandt; Pedersen, Michael Syskind
Matrix identities, relations and approximations. A desktop reference for quick overview of mathematics of matrices.......Matrix identities, relations and approximations. A desktop reference for quick overview of mathematics of matrices....
Matrix metalloproteinases and epileptogenesis
Ikonomidou, Chrysanthy
Matrix metalloproteinases are vital drivers of synaptic remodeling in health and disease. It is suggested that at early stages of epileptogenesis, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases may help ameliorate cell death, aberrant network rewiring, and neuroinflammation and prevent development of epilepsy.
Givoni, Inmar; Cheung, Vincent; Frey, Brendan J.
Many tasks require finding groups of elements in a matrix of numbers, symbols or class likelihoods. One approach is to use efficient bi- or tri-linear factorization techniques including PCA, ICA, sparse matrix factorization and plaid analysis. These techniques are not appropriate when addition and multiplication of matrix elements are not sensibly defined. More directly, methods like bi-clustering can be used to classify matrix elements, but these methods make the overly-restrictive assumptio...
Matrix Order Differintegration
Naber, Mark
The Riemann-Liouville formula for fractional derivatives and integrals (differintegration) is used to derive formulae for matrix order derivatives and integrals. That is, the parameter for integration and differentiation is allowed to assume matrix values. It is found that the computation of derivatives and integrals to matrix order is well defined for any square matrix over the complex numbers. Some properties are worked out for special classes of matrices. It is hoped that this new formalis...
Fong, Jiunn N. C.; Yildiz, Fitnat H.
Proteinaceous components of the biofilm matrix include secreted extracellular proteins, cell surface adhesins and protein subunits of cell appendages such as flagella and pili. Biofilm matrix proteins play diverse roles in biofilm formation and dissolution. They are involved in attaching cells to surfaces, stabilizing the biofilm matrix via interactions with exopolysaccharide and nucleic acid components, developing three-dimensional biofilm architectures, and dissolving biofilm matrix via enz...
Schell, David George
The matrix partition problem has been of recent interest in graph theory. Matrix partitions generalize the study of graph colourings and homomorphisms. Many well-known graph partition problems can be stated in terms of matrices. For example skew partitions, split partitions, homogeneous sets, clique-cutsets, stable-cutsets and k-colourings can all be modeled as matrix partitions. For each matrix partition problem there is an equivalent trigraph H-colouring problem. We show a 'dichotomy' for t...
Matrix with Prescribed Eigenvectors
Ahmad, Faiz
It is a routine matter for undergraduates to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a given matrix. But the converse problem of finding a matrix with prescribed eigenvalues and eigenvectors is rarely discussed in elementary texts on linear algebra. This problem is related to the "spectral" decomposition of a matrix and has important technical…
Decellularized and Engineered Tendons as Biological Substitutes: A Critical Review
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arianna B. Lovati
Full Text Available Tendon ruptures are a great burden in clinics. Finding a proper graft material as a substitute for tendon repair is one of the main challenges in orthopaedics, for which the requirement of a biological scaffold would be different for each clinical application. Among biological scaffolds, the use of decellularized tendon-derived matrix increasingly represents an interesting approach to treat tendon ruptures. We analyzed in vitro and in vivo studies focused on the development of efficient protocols for the decellularization and for the cell reseeding of the tendon matrix to obtain medical devices for tendon substitution. Our review considered also the proper tendon source and preclinical animal models with the aim of entering into clinical trials. The results highlight a wide panorama in terms of allogenic or xenogeneic tendon sources, specimen dimensions, physical or chemical decellularization techniques, and the cell type variety for reseeding from terminally differentiated to undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells and their static or dynamic culture employed to generate implantable constructs tested in different animal models. We try to identify the most efficient approach to achieve an optimal biological scaffold for biomechanics and intrinsic properties, resembling the native tendon and being applicable in clinics in the near future, with particular attention to the Achilles tendon substitution.
Bosonic Matrix Theory and Matrix Dbranes
Chaudhuri, S
We develop new tools for an in-depth investigation of our recent proposal for Matrix Theory. We construct the anomaly-free and finite planar continuum limit of the ground state with SO(2^{13}) symmetry matching with the tadpole and tachyon free IR stable high temperature ground state of the open and closed bosonic string. The correspondence between large N limits and spacetime effective actions is demonstrated more generally for an arbitrary D25brane ground state which might include brane-antibrane pairs or NS-branes and which need not have an action formulation. Closure of the finite N matrix Lorentz algebra nevertheless requires that such a ground state is simultaneously charged under all even rank antisymmetric matrix potentials. Additional invariance under the gauge symmetry mediated by the one-form matrix potential requires a ground state charged under the full spectrum of antisymmetric (p+1)-form matrix potentials with p taking any integer value less than 26. Matrix Dbrane democracy has a beautiful larg...
Commercial formalin substitutes for histopathology
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Prentø, P; Lyon, H
We compared the performance of six commercial fixatives proposed to be formalin substitutes with the performance of buffered formalin, Clarke's ethanol-acetic acid, and ethanol, using rat liver, small intestine, and kidney. We investigated the rate of penetration, mode of fixation, extent of...... performed equally well on all tissues tested. While several of the commercial fixatives appeared to preserve liver tissue at 200x, the preservation of kidney, intestinal villi, and smooth muscle was unacceptable. Histological distortion, cell shrinkage and vacuolization were prominent when the substitutes...... was obtained by combining formalin fixation with antigen retrieval. We conclude that none of the proposed commercial substitutes for buffered formalin are adequate for critical histology or histopathology....
Substitution systems and nonextensive statistics
García-Morales, V.
Substitution systems evolve in time by generating sequences of symbols from a finite alphabet: At a certain iteration step, the existing symbols are systematically replaced by blocks of Nk symbols also within the alphabet (with Nk, a natural number, being the length of the kth block of the substitution). The dynamics of these systems leads naturally to fractals and self-similarity. By using B-calculus (García-Morales, 2012) universal maps for deterministic substitution systems both of constant and non-constant length, are formulated in 1D. It is then shown how these systems can be put in direct correspondence with Tsallis entropy. A 'Second Law of Thermodynamics' is also proved for these systems in the asymptotic limit of large words.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Oreshkina M. A.
Full Text Available The author deals with problems of substitution of senses and notions in the science and in the social life. Such processes result not only in distortion of the scientific worldview but also in absolutely undesirable social cataclysms. However, this scientific problem has not been yet worked out to sufficient extent, which hampers preventing the mentioned distortions of the real worldview and brings to unwanted consequences requiring correlation and corrections. The question of senses and notions substitution is not new in the science but it has not been yet sufficiently studied. We know that strictness of thinking must be dearly paid for in loss of flexibility in revaluation of senses, which makes you easily slip into dogmatism. It should be noted that this keeps taking place both in the science itself and in the life of society any science is called to serve. So the science can be hardly imagined without schools of thought. They ensure preservation of certain knowledge, vision, approach and, finally, of a certain school – they are traditions and authority of the science. However, having passed their golden age, when the founder used to be followed after several generations by dogmatists whose genius and talent were far from being so great, a school begins to degrade producing scholasticism by substitution and emasculation of senses and notions and finally destructs itself. The collectivization in the USSR in the 30ies of the 20th century and so-called "extremes" associated with it being that very substitution of sense platforms in its pure form constitutes a rather illustrative example of social manipulation based on the substitution of sense platforms. These activities relating to detection of senses and notions substitution will also be developed in the future. The truth will be approached as before through cleaning the knowledge of the myth, through searching for the original sense or the archetype separated from lie and fabrication
Parce, J. Wallace; Bernatis, Paul; Dubrow, Robert; Freeman, William P.; Gamoras, Joel; Kan, Shihai; Meisel, Andreas; Qian, Baixin; Whiteford, Jeffery A.; Ziebarth, Jonathan
Matrixes doped with semiconductor nanocrystals are provided. In certain embodiments, the semiconductor nanocrystals have a size and composition such that they absorb or emit light at particular wavelengths. The nanocrystals can comprise ligands that allow for mixing with various matrix materials, including polymers, such that a minimal portion of light is scattered by the matrixes. The matrixes of the present invention can also be utilized in refractive index matching applications. In other embodiments, semiconductor nanocrystals are embedded within matrixes to form a nanocrystal density gradient, thereby creating an effective refractive index gradient. The matrixes of the present invention can also be used as filters and antireflective coatings on optical devices and as down-converting layers. Processes for producing matrixes comprising semiconductor nanocrystals are also provided. Nanostructures having high quantum efficiency, small size, and/or a narrow size distribution are also described, as are methods of producing indium phosphide nanostructures and core-shell nanostructures with Group II-VI shells.
Combinatorial substitutions and sofic tilings
Fernique, Thomas
A combinatorial substitution is a map over tilings which allows to define sets of tilings with a strong hierarchical structure. In this paper, we show that such sets of tilings are sofic, that is, can be enforced by finitely many local constraints. This extends some similar previous results (Mozes'90, Goodmann-Strauss'98) in a much shorter presentation.
Tax rates as strategic substitutes
H. Vrijburg (Hendrik); R.A. de Mooij (Ruud)
textabstractThis paper analytically derives conditions under which the slope of the tax-reaction function is negative in a classical tax competition model. If countries maximize welfare, a negative slope (reflecting strategic substitutability) occurs under relatively mild conditions. The strategic t
Parallelism in matrix computations
Gallopoulos, Efstratios; Sameh, Ahmed H
This book is primarily intended as a research monograph that could also be used in graduate courses for the design of parallel algorithms in matrix computations. It assumes general but not extensive knowledge of numerical linear algebra, parallel architectures, and parallel programming paradigms. The book consists of four parts: (I) Basics; (II) Dense and Special Matrix Computations; (III) Sparse Matrix Computations; and (IV) Matrix functions and characteristics. Part I deals with parallel programming paradigms and fundamental kernels, including reordering schemes for sparse matrices. Part II is devoted to dense matrix computations such as parallel algorithms for solving linear systems, linear least squares, the symmetric algebraic eigenvalue problem, and the singular-value decomposition. It also deals with the development of parallel algorithms for special linear systems such as banded ,Vandermonde ,Toeplitz ,and block Toeplitz systems. Part III addresses sparse matrix computations: (a) the development of pa...
Motl, L
In this short note we construct the DLCQ description of the flux seven-branes in type IIA string theory and discuss its basic properties. The matrix model involves dipole fields. We explain the relation of this nonlocal matrix model to various orbifolds. We also give a spacetime interpretation of the Seiberg-Witten-like map, proposed in a different context first by Bergman and Ganor, that converts this matrix model to a local, highly nonlinear theory.
Synthesis of Ortho Substituted Arylboronic Esters by in Situ Trapping of Unstable Lithio Intermediates
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kristensen, Jesper Langgaard; Lysén, M.; Vedsø, Per; Begtrup, M.
matrix presented Ortho lithiation-in situ boration using lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LTMP) in combination with triisopropylborate (B(OiPr) ) is a highly efficient and experimentally straightforward process for the preparation of ortho substituted arylboronic esters. The mild reaction...
He, Y.; Jejjala, V.
Inspired by a formal resemblance of certain q-expansions of modular forms and the master field formalism of matrix models in terms of Cuntz operators, we construct a Hermitian one-matrix model, which we dub the ``modular matrix model.'' Together with an N=1 gauge theory and a special Calabi-Yau geometry, we find a modular matrix model that naturally encodes the Klein elliptic j-invariant, and hence, by Moonshine, the irreducible representations of the Fischer-Griess Monster group.
Substitute Students Do a Roaring Trade
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
UniverSity students employ substitutes for a wide range of duties, from attending compulsory morning exercises and classes to writing papers or even love letters, These substitutes advertise their services on campus bulletin boards,
Substituted amylose matrices for oral drug delivery
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
High amylose corn starch was used to obtain substituted amylose (SA) polymers by chemically modifying hydroxyl groups by an etherification process using 1,2-epoxypropanol. Tablets for drug-controlled release were prepared by direct compression and their release properties assessed by an in vitro dissolution test (USP XXIII no 2). The polymer swelling was characterized by measuring gravimetrically the water uptake ability of polymer tablets. SA hydrophilic matrix tablets present sequentially a burst effect, typical of hydrophilic matrices, and a near constant release, typical of reservoir systems. After the burst effect, surface pores disappear progressively by molecular association of amylose chains; this allows the creation of a polymer layer acting as a diffusion barrier and explains the peculiar behaviour of SA polymers. Several formulation parameters such as compression force, drug loading, tablet weight and insoluble diluent concentration were investigated. On the other hand, tablet thickness, scanning electron microscope analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry showed that the high crushing strength values observed for SA tablets were due to an unusual melting process occurring during tabletting although the tablet external layer went only through densification, deformation and partial melting. In contrast, HPMC tablets did not show any traces of a melting process
Bone marrow derived cell-seeded extracellular matrix: A novel biomaterial in the field of wound management
V. Remya; Naveen Kumar; Sharma, A. K.; Mathew, Dayamon D.; Mamta Negi; S.K. Maiti; Sameer Shrivastava; S. Sonal; KURADE, N.P.
Aim: Extensive or irreversible damage to the skin often requires additional skin substitutes for reconstruction. Biomaterials have become critical components in the development of effective new medical therapies for wound care. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a cell matrix construct (bone marrow-derived cells (BMdc) seeded extracellular matrix [ECM]) was used as a biological substitute for the repair of full-thickness skin wound. ECM was developed by decellularizing fish swim ...
Smart Phones and their Substitutes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bødker, Mads; Gimpel, Gregory; Hedman, Jonas
Drawing on data from a longitudinal field study, this paper investigates the influence of existing, better and stand-alone technology substitutes on the use of smart phones. By applying prospect theory, media richness theory, and business model literature, the purpose of this paper is to improve...... our understanding of the role of substitutes, device content fit issues, and implications for business models by asking the question: What is an effective business model to address the relationship between user preference and the fit of the smart phone and everyday task? The field study data suggest...... the need for business models to recognize that adoption decisions are reference-dependent and strongly influenced by the fit between task and smart phone....
Substituting oil by electric power
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Parting from the development of primary energy use the author refers to the latest investigations and results presented on the 1980 World Energy Conference and with special regard to oil points out the threatening exhaustion of fossil energy resources. Maintaining the economic structure of the Federal Republic of Germany implies an orientation away from oil. Due to its flexible application technology and quasi-inexhaustible energy resources electric power may substantially contribute to oil substitution which as a matter of fact is of particular interest in connection with the heat market. Coal alone cannot substitute both oil and nuclear energy. Thus, the above postulates the use of the latter. Leaving nuclear energy inactive today will effect an increase in the demand for oil the negative consequences of which would weight heavily upon the anyhow unbalanced import/export ratio of the Federal Republic of Germany. (orig.)
Matrix metalloproteinases and epileptogenesis.
Ikonomidou, Chrysanthy
Matrix metalloproteinases are vital drivers of synaptic remodeling in health and disease. It is suggested that at early stages of epileptogenesis, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases may help ameliorate cell death, aberrant network rewiring, and neuroinflammation and prevent development of epilepsy. PMID:26567100
International Evidence on Sectoral Interfuel Substitution
Serletis, Apostolos; Timilsina, Govinda R.; Vasetsky, Olexandr
This paper estimates interfuel substitution elasticities in selected developing and industrialized economies at the sector level. In doing so, it employs state-of-the-art techniques in microeconometrics, particularly the locally flexible normalized quadratic functional form, and provides evidence consistent with neoclassical microeconomic theory. The results indicate that the interfuel substitution elasticities are consistently below unity, revealing the limited ability to substitute between ...
Substitutes for School Nurses in Illinois
Vollinger, Linda Jeno; Bergren, Martha Dewey; Belmonte-Mann, Frances
The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore utilization of nurse substitutes in the school setting in Illinois. The literature described personnel who staff the school health office in the absence of the school nurse and the barriers to obtaining nurse substitutes. There were no empirical studies conducted on school nurse substitutes in…
40 CFR 721.3360 - Substituted ethanolamine.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted ethanolamine. 721.3360... Substances § 721.3360 Substituted ethanolamine. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified generically as substituted ethanolamine (PMN P-91-490)...
24 CFR 220.253 - Substitute mortgagors.
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Substitute mortgagors. 220.253... Contract Rights and Obligations-Homes § 220.253 Substitute mortgagors. (a) Selling mortgagor. The mortgagee... the Commissioner's approval of a substitute mortgagor, as provided by this section. (b)...
24 CFR 221.252 - Substitute mortgagors.
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Substitute mortgagors. 221.252... Cost Homes § 221.252 Substitute mortgagors. (a) Selling mortgagor. The mortgagee may effect the release... approval of a substitute mortgagor, as provided by this section. (b) Purchasing mortgagor. The...
40 CFR 721.9820 - Substituted triazole.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted triazole. 721.9820 Section... Substances § 721.9820 Substituted triazole. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance generically identified as a substituted triazole (PMN P-90-1731)...
Substituted Indoleacetic Acids Tested in Tissue Cultures
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Engvild, Kjeld Christensen
Monochloro substituted IAA inhibited shoot induction in tobacco tissue cultures about as much as IAA. Dichloro substituted IAA inhibited shoot formation less. Other substituted IAA except 5-fluoro- and 5-bromoindole-3-acetic acid were less active than IAA. Callus growth was quite variable and not...... and not correlated with auxin strength measured in the Avena coleoptile test....
Substituting Quantum Entanglement for Communication
Cleve, Richard; Buhrman, Harry
We show that quantum entanglement can be used as a substitute for communication when the goal is to compute a function whose input data is distributed among remote parties. Specifically, we show that, for a particular function among three parties (each of which possesses part of the function's input), a prior quantum entanglement enables one of them to learn the value of the function with only two bits of communication occurring among the parties, whereas, without quantum entanglement, three ...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schneider, Jesper Wiborg; Borlund, Pia
The present two-part article introduces matrix comparison as a formal means for evaluation purposes in informetric studies such as cocitation analysis. In the first part, the motivation behind introducing matrix comparison to informetric studies, as well as two important issues influencing such...... comparisons, matrix generation, and the composition of proximity measures, are introduced and discussed. In this second part, the authors introduce and thoroughly demonstrate two related matrix comparison techniques the Mantel test and Procrustes analysis, respectively. These techniques can compare and...... evaluate the degree of monotonicity between different proximity measures or their ordination results. In common with these techniques is the application of permutation procedures to test hypotheses about matrix resemblances. The choice of technique is related to the validation at hand. In the case of the...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
To increase the accuracy of discrimination of true coincidences against the background of accidental ones, circuit has been developed which operates on the principle of dynamic equalization of resolution times of two coincidence circuits. The flowsheet of a 4x6 double-coincidence matrix is given. The principal elements of the matrix are commutators and output signal shapers. The matrix uses 138-series microcircuits. The resolution time of coincidence circuits is 10 ns, the dead time is 25 ns. The results of testing the matrix during experiments under conditions of a high background of accidental coincidences (70-90%) have shown that the accuracy of discrimination of true coincidences with the help of the double-coincidence matrix approximates the accuracy of time-to-digital converters within the limits of the statistical accuracy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The so-called vulnerability matrix is used in the evaluation part of the probabilistic safety assessment for a nuclear power plant, during the containment event trees calculations. This matrix is established from what is knows as Numerical Categories for Engineering Judgement. This matrix is usually established with numerical values obtained with traditional arithmetic using the set theory. The representation of this matrix with fuzzy numbers is much more adequate, due to the fact that the Numerical Categories for Engineering Judgement are better represented with linguistic variables, such as 'highly probable', 'probable', 'impossible', etc. In the present paper a methodology to obtain a Fuzzy Vulnerability Matrix is presented, starting from the recommendations on the Numerical Categories for Engineering Judgement. (author)
Geometric realization for substitution tilings
Barge, Marcy
Given an n-dimensional substitution whose associated linear expansion is unimodular and hyperbolic, we use elements of the one-dimensional integer \\v{C}ech cohomology of the associated tiling space to construct a finite-to-one semi-conjugacy, called geometric realization, between the substitution induced dynamics and an invariant set of a hyperbolic toral automorphism. If the linear expansion satisfies a Pisot family condition and the rank of the module of generalized return vectors equals the generalized degree of the linear expansion, the image of geometric realization is the entire torus and coincides with the map onto the maximal equicontinuous factor of the translation action on the tiling space. We are led to formulate a higher-dimensional generalization of the Pisot Substitution Conjecture: If the linear expansion satisfies the Pisot family condition and the rank of the one-dimensional cohomology of the tiling space equals the generalized degree of the linear expansion, then the translation action on t...
Amino acid "little Big Bang": Representing amino acid substitution matrices as dot products of Euclidian vectors
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zimmermann Karel
Full Text Available Abstract Background Sequence comparisons make use of a one-letter representation for amino acids, the necessary quantitative information being supplied by the substitution matrices. This paper deals with the problem of finding a representation that provides a comprehensive description of amino acid intrinsic properties consistent with the substitution matrices. Results We present a Euclidian vector representation of the amino acids, obtained by the singular value decomposition of the substitution matrices. The substitution matrix entries correspond to the dot product of amino acid vectors. We apply this vector encoding to the study of the relative importance of various amino acid physicochemical properties upon the substitution matrices. We also characterize and compare the PAM and BLOSUM series substitution matrices. Conclusions This vector encoding introduces a Euclidian metric in the amino acid space, consistent with substitution matrices. Such a numerical description of the amino acid is useful when intrinsic properties of amino acids are necessary, for instance, building sequence profiles or finding consensus sequences, using machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine and Neural Networks algorithms.
Explicit Substitutions for Contextual Type Theory
Abel, Andreas; 10.4204/EPTCS.34.3
In this paper, we present an explicit substitution calculus which distinguishes between ordinary bound variables and meta-variables. Its typing discipline is derived from contextual modal type theory. We first present a dependently typed lambda calculus with explicit substitutions for ordinary variables and explicit meta-substitutions for meta-variables. We then present a weak head normalization procedure which performs both substitutions lazily and in a single pass thereby combining substitution walks for the two different classes of variables. Finally, we describe a bidirectional type checking algorithm which uses weak head normalization and prove soundness.
MLD Relations of Pisot Substitution Tilings
Gähler, Franz
We consider 1-dimensional, unimodular Pisot substitution tilings with three intervals, and discuss conditions under which pairs of such tilings are locally isomorhphic (LI), or mutually locally derivable (MDL). For this purpose, we regard the substitutions as homomorphisms of the underlying free group with three generators. Then, if two substitutions are conjugated by an inner automorphism of the free group, the two tilings are LI, and a conjugating outer automorphism between two substitutions can often be used to prove that the two tilings are MLD. We present several examples illustrating the different phenomena that can occur in this context. In particular, we show how two substitution tilings can be MLD even if their substitution matrices are not equal, but only conjugate in $GL(n,\\mathbb{Z})$. We also illustrate how the (in our case fractal) windows of MLD tilings can be reconstructed from each other, and discuss how the conjugating group automorphism affects the substitution generating the window boundar...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, Kristoffer Arnsfelt; Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus; Podolskii, Vladimir V.;
For matrix games we study how small nonzero probability must be used in optimal strategies. We show that for image win–lose–draw games (i.e. image matrix games) nonzero probabilities smaller than image are never needed. We also construct an explicit image win–lose game such that the unique optimal...... strategy uses a nonzero probability as small as image. This is done by constructing an explicit image nonsingular image matrix, for which the inverse has only nonnegative entries and where some of the entries are of value image....
Morozov, A
Partition functions of eigenvalue matrix models possess a number of very different descriptions: as matrix integrals, as solutions to linear and non-linear equations, as tau-functions of integrable hierarchies and as special-geometry prepotentials, as result of the action of W-operators and of various recursions on elementary input data, as gluing of certain elementary building blocks. All this explains the central role of such matrix models in modern mathematical physics: they provide the basic "special functions" to express the answers and relations between them, and they serve as a dream model of what one should try to achieve in any other field.
Quivers from Matrix Factorizations
Aspinwall, Paul S
We discuss how matrix factorizations offer a practical method of computing the quiver and associated superpotential for a hypersurface singularity. This method also yields explicit geometrical interpretations of D-branes (i.e., quiver representations) on a resolution given in terms of Grassmannians. As an example we analyze some non-toric singularities which are resolved by a single CP1 but have "length" greater than one. These examples have a much richer structure than conifolds. A picture is proposed that relates matrix factorizations in Landau-Ginzburg theories to the way that matrix factorizations are used in this paper to perform noncommutative resolutions.
Eves, Howard
The usefulness of matrix theory as a tool in disciplines ranging from quantum mechanics to psychometrics is widely recognized, and courses in matrix theory are increasingly a standard part of the undergraduate curriculum.This outstanding text offers an unusual introduction to matrix theory at the undergraduate level. Unlike most texts dealing with the topic, which tend to remain on an abstract level, Dr. Eves' book employs a concrete elementary approach, avoiding abstraction until the final chapter. This practical method renders the text especially accessible to students of physics, engineeri
Araújo, C. Mendes; Juan R. Torregrosa; Urbano, Ana M.
An n x n matrix is called an N-matrix if all principal minors are negative. In this paper, we are interested in N-matrix completion problems, that is, when a partial N-matrix hás an N-matrix completion. In general, a combinatorially or non-combinatorially symmetric partial N-matrix does not have an N-matrix completion. Here we prove that a combinatorially symmetric partial N-matrix has an N-matrix completion if the graph of its specified entries is a 1-chordal graph. We also prove that there ...
Matrix-Free Approximate Equilibration
Bradley, Andrew M.; Murray, Walter
The condition number of a diagonally scaled matrix, for appropriately chosen scaling matrices, is often less than that of the original. Equilibration scales a matrix so that the scaled matrix's row and column norms are equal. Scaling can be approximate. We develop approximate equilibration algorithms for nonsymmetric and symmetric matrices having signed elements that access a matrix only by matrix-vector products.
The "Pesticide-exposure Matrix" was developed to help epidemiologists and other researchers identify the active ingredients to which people were likely exposed when their homes and gardens were treated for pests in past years.
Hill, William Fawcett
Leadership style, group composition, and group development are simultaneously quantified through the use of the matrix. It represents an attempt to objectify the art of group therapy. Comment by Richard C. Rank follows. (Author)
The Matrix Organization Revisited
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gattiker, Urs E.; Ulhøi, John Parm
This paper gives a short overview of matrix structure and technology management. It outlines some of the characteristics and also points out that many organizations may actualy be hybrids (i.e. mix several ways of organizing to allocate resorces effectively).......This paper gives a short overview of matrix structure and technology management. It outlines some of the characteristics and also points out that many organizations may actualy be hybrids (i.e. mix several ways of organizing to allocate resorces effectively)....
Bedford, J; Papageorgakis, C.; Rodriguez-Gomez, D.; Ward, J.
Following the holographic description of linear dilaton null Cosmologies with a Big Bang in terms of Matrix String Theory put forward by Craps, Sethi and Verlinde, we propose an extended background describing a Universe including both Big Bang and Big Crunch singularities. This belongs to a class of exact string backgrounds and is perturbative in the string coupling far away from the singularities, both of which can be resolved using Matrix String Theory. We provide a simple theory capable of...
Periwal, Vipul; Tafjord, Oyvind
String configurations have been identified in compactified Matrix theory at vanishing string coupling. We show how the interactions of these strings are determined by the Yang-Mills gauge field on the worldsheet. At finite string coupling, this suggests the underlying dynamics is not well-approximated as a theory of strings. This may explain why string perturbation theory diverges badly, while Matrix string perturbation theory presumably has a perturbative expansion with properties similar to...
Ding-Iohara-Miki symmetry of network matrix models
Mironov, A; Zenkevich, Y
Ward identities in the most general "network matrix model" can be described in terms of the Ding-Iohara-Miki algebras (DIM). This confirms an expectation that such algebras and their various limits/reductions are the relevant substitutes/deformations of the Virasoro/W-algebra for (q,t) and (q_1,q_2,q_3) deformed network matrix models. Exhaustive for these purposes should be the Pagoda triple-affine elliptic DIM, which corresponds to networks associated with 6d gauge theories with adjoint matter (double elliptic systems). We provide some details on elliptic qq-characters.
Bosonic Matrix Theory and Matrix Dbranes
Chaudhuri, Shyamoli
We develop new tools for an in-depth study of our recent proposal for Matrix Theory. We construct the anomaly-free and finite planar continuum limit of the ground state with SO(2^{13}) symmetry matching with the tadpole and tachyon free IR stable high temperature ground state of the open and closed bosonic string. The correspondence between large N limits and spacetime effective actions is demonstrated more generally for an arbitrary D25brane ground state which might include brane-antibrane p...
Spectral Properties of Substituted Coumarins in Solution and Polymer Matrices
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jana Donovalová
Full Text Available The absorption and fluorescence spectra of substituted coumarins (2-oxo-2H-chromenes were investigated in solvents and in polymer matrices. The substitutions involved were: (1 by groups with varying electron donating ability such as CH3, OCH3 and N(CH32, mainly, but not exclusively, in positions 7 and (2, by either CHO or 4-PhNHCONHN=CH- in position 3. While the spectra of non-substituted coumarin-3-carbaldehyde has absorptions at approximately 305 and 350 nm, substitution at position 7 leads to remarkable changes in the shape of the absorption spectrum and shifts the absorption to a longer wavelength. Similarly, the replacement of the formyl group with a semicarbazide group substantially influences the shape of the absorption spectrum, and coumarins which have only N(CH32 in position 7 experience small changes. These changes are associated with the increasing intramolecular charge transfer (ICT character and increasing conjugation length of the chromophoric system, respectively, in the studied molecules. The fluorescence is almost negligible for derivatives which have H in this position. With increasing electron donating ability, and the possibility of a positive mesomeric (+M effect of the substituent in position 7 of the coumarin moiety, the fluorescence increases, and this increase is most intense when N(CH32 substitutes in this position, for both 3-substituted derivatives. Spectral measurements of the studied coumarins in polymer matrices revealed that the absorption and fluorescence maxima lay within the maxima for solvents, and that coumarins yield more intense fluorescence in polymer matrices than when they are in solution. The quantum yield of derivatives which have a dimethylamino group in position 7 in polymer matrices approaches 1, and the fluorescence lifetime is within the range of 0.5–4 ns. The high quantum yield of 7-dimethylamino derivatives qualifies them as laser dyes which have kF higher than knr in the given medium. This
Deviation of ergodic averages for substitution dynamical systems with eigenvalues of modulus one
Bressaud, Xavier; Hubert, Pascal
Deviation of ergodic sums is studied for substitution dynamical systems with a matrix that admits eigenvalues of modulus 1. We consider the corresponding eigenfunctions, and in Theorem 1.1 we prove that the limit inferior of the ergodic sums is bounded for every point in the phase space. In Theorem 1.2, we prove existence of limit distributions along certain exponential subsequences of times for substitutions of constant length. Under additional assumptions, we prove that ergodic integrals satisfy the Central Limit Theorem (Theorem 1.3, Theorem 1.9).
Histological Features and Biocompatibility of Bone and Soft Tissue Substitutes in the Atrophic Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlo Maiorana
Full Text Available The reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridges for implant placement is today a common procedure in dentistry daily practice. The surgical reconstruction provides for the optimization of the supporting bone for the implants and a restoration of the amount of keratinized gingiva for esthetic and functional reasons. In the past, tissue regeneration has been performed with autogenous bone and free gingival or connective tissue grafts. Nowadays, bone substitutes and specific collagen matrix allow for a complete restoration of the atrophic ridge without invasive harvesting procedures. A maxillary reconstruction of an atrophic ridge by means of tissue substitutes and its histological features are then presented.
Histological Features and Biocompatibility of Bone and Soft Tissue Substitutes in the Atrophic Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction.
Maiorana, Carlo; Beretta, Mario; Rancitelli, Davide; Grossi, Giovanni Battista; Cicciù, Marco; Herford, Alan Scott
The reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridges for implant placement is today a common procedure in dentistry daily practice. The surgical reconstruction provides for the optimization of the supporting bone for the implants and a restoration of the amount of keratinized gingiva for esthetic and functional reasons. In the past, tissue regeneration has been performed with autogenous bone and free gingival or connective tissue grafts. Nowadays, bone substitutes and specific collagen matrix allow for a complete restoration of the atrophic ridge without invasive harvesting procedures. A maxillary reconstruction of an atrophic ridge by means of tissue substitutes and its histological features are then presented. PMID:27022489
Trends in Substitution Models of Molecular Evolution
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Miguel eArenas
Full Text Available Substitution models of evolution describe the process of genetic variation through fixed mutations and constitute the basis of the evolutionary analysis at the molecular level. Almost forty years after the development of first substitution models, highly sophisticated and data-specific substitution models continue emerging with the aim of better mimicking real evolutionary processes. Here I describe current trends in substitution models of DNA, codon and amino acid sequence evolution, including advantages and pitfalls of the most popular models. The perspective concludes that despite the large number of currently available substitution models, further research is required for more realistic modeling, especially for DNA coding and amino acid data. Additionally, the development of more accurate complex models should be coupled with new implementations and improvements of methods and frameworks for substitution model selection and downstream evolutionary analysis.
Currency substitution, portfolio diversification, and money demand
Freitas, Miguel Lebre de; Veiga, Francisco José
We extend the Thomas (1985) dynamic optimising model of money demand and currency substitution to the case in which the individual has restricted or no access to foreign currency denominated bonds. In this case Currency Substitution decisions and Asset Substitution decisions are not separable. The results obtained suggest that the significance of an expected exchange rate depreciation term in the demand for domestic money provides a valid test for the presence of currency subst...
Information Technology and Transportation: Substitutes or Complements?
Oliver, Atara Stephanie
The increased availability and prevalence of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) provides opportunities to use such products as substitutes for transportation. Common examples of this substitution are telecommuting, video conferences, and online classes. However, despite the intuitive appeal of a substitution relationship existing between ICT and transportation, prior research has indicated that the relationship between ICT and transportation is quite complex; at times ICT substit...
Bhatia, Rajendra
This book is an outcome of the Indo-French Workshop on Matrix Information Geometries (MIG): Applications in Sensor and Cognitive Systems Engineering, which was held in Ecole Polytechnique and Thales Research and Technology Center, Palaiseau, France, in February 23-25, 2011. The workshop was generously funded by the Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (IFCPAR). During the event, 22 renowned invited french or indian speakers gave lectures on their areas of expertise within the field of matrix analysis or processing. From these talks, a total of 17 original contribution or state-of-the-art chapters have been assembled in this volume. All articles were thoroughly peer-reviewed and improved, according to the suggestions of the international referees. The 17 contributions presented are organized in three parts: (1) State-of-the-art surveys & original matrix theory work, (2) Advanced matrix theory for radar processing, and (3) Matrix-based signal processing applications.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Pan, Feng [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kasiviswanathan, Shiva [Los Alamos National Laboratory
In the matrix interdiction problem, a real-valued matrix and an integer k is given. The objective is to remove k columns such that the sum over all rows of the maximum entry in each row is minimized. This combinatorial problem is closely related to bipartite network interdiction problem which can be applied to prioritize the border checkpoints in order to minimize the probability that an adversary can successfully cross the border. After introducing the matrix interdiction problem, we will prove the problem is NP-hard, and even NP-hard to approximate with an additive n{gamma} factor for a fixed constant {gamma}. We also present an algorithm for this problem that achieves a factor of (n-k) mUltiplicative approximation ratio.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Frandsen, Gudmund Skovbjerg; Frandsen, Peter Frands
We consider maintaining information about the rank of a matrix under changes of the entries. For n×n matrices, we show an upper bound of O(n1.575) arithmetic operations and a lower bound of Ω(n) arithmetic operations per element change. The upper bound is valid when changing up to O(n0.575) entries...... in a single column of the matrix. We also give an algorithm that maintains the rank using O(n2) arithmetic operations per rank one update. These bounds appear to be the first nontrivial bounds for the problem. The upper bounds are valid for arbitrary fields, whereas the lower bound is valid for...... algebraically closed fields. The upper bound for element updates uses fast rectangular matrix multiplication, and the lower bound involves further development of an earlier technique for proving lower bounds for dynamic computation of rational functions....
Pérez López, César
MATLAB is a high-level language and environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming. Using MATLAB, you can analyze data, develop algorithms, and create models and applications. The language, tools, and built-in math functions enable you to explore multiple approaches and reach a solution faster than with spreadsheets or traditional programming languages, such as C/C++ or Java. MATLAB Matrix Algebra introduces you to the MATLAB language with practical hands-on instructions and results, allowing you to quickly achieve your goals. Starting with a look at symbolic and numeric variables, with an emphasis on vector and matrix variables, you will go on to examine functions and operations that support vectors and matrices as arguments, including those based on analytic parent functions. Computational methods for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices are detailed, leading to various matrix decompositions. Applications such as change of bases, the classification of quadratic forms and ...
Monodromy Substitutions and Rational Blowdowns
Endo, Hisaaki; van Horn-Morris, Jeremy
We introduce several new families of relations in the mapping class groups of planar surfaces, each equating two products of right-handed Dehn twists. The interest of these relations lies in their geometric interpretation in terms of rational blowdowns of 4-manifolds, specifically via monodromy substitution in Lefschetz fibrations. The simplest example is the lantern relation, already shown by the first author and Gurtas to correspond to rational blowdown along a -4 sphere; here we give relations that extend that result to realize the "generalized" rational blowdowns of Fintushel-Stern and Park by monodromy subsitution, as well as several of the families of rational blowdowns discovered by Stipsicz-Szab\\'o-Wahl.
Substitution dynamical systems spectral analysis
Queffélec, Martine
This volume mainly deals with the dynamics of finitely valued sequences, and more specifically, of sequences generated by substitutions and automata. Those sequences demonstrate fairly simple combinatorical and arithmetical properties and naturally appear in various domains. As the title suggests, the aim of the initial version of this book was the spectral study of the associated dynamical systems: the first chapters consisted in a detailed introduction to the mathematical notions involved, and the description of the spectral invariants followed in the closing chapters. This approach, combined with new material added to the new edition, results in a nearly self-contained book on the subject. New tools - which have also proven helpful in other contexts - had to be developed for this study. Moreover, its findings can be concretely applied, the method providing an algorithm to exhibit the spectral measures and the spectral multiplicity, as is demonstrated in several examples. Beyond this advanced analysis, many...
Perin, Charles; Le Goc, Mathieu; Di Vozzo, Romain; Fekete, Jean-Daniel; Dragicevic, Pierre
In this paper, we relate the iterative fabrication of a physical Bertin Matrix. Jacques Bertin designed and refined such devices over 10 years (1970–1980) and five iterations of what he called Dominos 1–5. For the purpose of an exhibit dedicated to Bertin's work during VIS 2014 in Paris, we designed an improved version of such device by leveraging modern fabrication possibilities and in particular a laser cutter. We describe the process, iterations and improvements of our matrix, and report l...
A nonsupersymmetric matrix orbifold
Banks, Tom; Motl, Lubos
We construct the matrix description for a twisted version of the IIA string theory on S^1 with fermions antiperiodic around a spatial circle. The result is a 2+1-dimensional U(N) x U(N) nonsupersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with fermionic matter transforming in the (N,Nbar). The two U(N)'s are exchanged if one goes around a twisted circle of the worldvolume. Relations with Type 0 theories are explored and we find Type 0 matrix string limits of our gauge theory. We argue however that most of the...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Brown, T.W.
The same complex matrix model calculates both tachyon scattering for the c=1 non-critical string at the self-dual radius and certain correlation functions of half-BPS operators in N=4 super- Yang-Mills. It is dual to another complex matrix model where the couplings of the first model are encoded in the Kontsevich-like variables of the second. The duality between the theories is mirrored by the duality of their Feynman diagrams. Analogously to the Hermitian Kontsevich- Penner model, the correlation functions of the second model can be written as sums over discrete points in subspaces of the moduli space of punctured Riemann surfaces. (orig.)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The same complex matrix model calculates both tachyon scattering for the c=1 non-critical string at the self-dual radius and certain correlation functions of half-BPS operators in N=4 super- Yang-Mills. It is dual to another complex matrix model where the couplings of the first model are encoded in the Kontsevich-like variables of the second. The duality between the theories is mirrored by the duality of their Feynman diagrams. Analogously to the Hermitian Kontsevich- Penner model, the correlation functions of the second model can be written as sums over discrete points in subspaces of the moduli space of punctured Riemann surfaces. (orig.)
Frahm, K M
Using parallels with the quantum scattering theory, developed for processes in nuclear and mesoscopic physics and quantum chaos, we construct a reduced Google matrix $G_R$ which describes the properties and interactions of a certain subset of selected nodes belonging to a much larger directed network. The matrix $G_R$ takes into account effective interactions between subset nodes by all their indirect links via the whole network. We argue that this approach gives new possibilities to analyze effective interactions in a group of nodes embedded in a large directed networks. Possible efficient numerical methods for the practical computation of $G_R$ are also described.
Hohn, Franz E
This complete and coherent exposition, complemented by numerous illustrative examples, offers readers a text that can teach by itself. Fully rigorous in its treatment, it offers a mathematically sound sequencing of topics. The work starts with the most basic laws of matrix algebra and progresses to the sweep-out process for obtaining the complete solution of any given system of linear equations - homogeneous or nonhomogeneous - and the role of matrix algebra in the presentation of useful geometric ideas, techniques, and terminology.Other subjects include the complete treatment of the structur
Matrixed business support comparison study.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Parsons, Josh D.
The Matrixed Business Support Comparison Study reviewed the current matrixed Chief Financial Officer (CFO) division staff models at Sandia National Laboratories. There were two primary drivers of this analysis: (1) the increasing number of financial staff matrixed to mission customers and (2) the desire to further understand the matrix process and the opportunities and challenges it creates.
40 CFR 721.5340 - Substituted benzothiazole-azo-substituted benzoquinoline nickel complex (generic).
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted benzothiazole-azo... SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.5340 Substituted benzothiazole-azo... to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified generically as substituted...
Ortiz, Thomas; Samtleben, Henning; Tsimpis, Dimitrios
We set up the formalism of holographic renormalization for the matter-coupled two-dimensional maximal supergravity that captures the low-lying fluctuations around the non-conformal D0-brane near-horizon geometry. As an application we compute holographically one- and two-point functions of the BFSS matrix quantum mechanics and its supersymmetric $SO(3)\\times SO(6)$ deformation.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The number of background events in nuclear and particle physics experiments which use multiwire proportional chambers can be extremely high. Using a computer to resolve these events results in a high deadtime for the experiment. A fast matrix system for decreasing the number of background events is described in this report. 4 figures
Matrix Synthesis and Characterization
The role of NASA in the area of composite material synthesis; evaluation techniques; prediction analysis techniques; solvent-resistant tough composite matrix; resistance to paint strippers; acceptable processing temperature and pressure for thermoplastics; and the role of computer modeling and fiber interface improvement were discussed.
Biomechanical properties of four dermal substitutes
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZHANG Guo-an; NING Fang-gang; ZHAO Nan-ming
@@ Many kinds of cell-free dermal substitutes have been developed during the past several years, however,their biomechanical properties, including hysteresis,stress relaxation, creep, and non-linear stress-strain, are still unknown. In this study, we tested these biomechanical characteristics of four dermal substitutes,and compared them with those of fresh human skin (FHS).
A virtual substitution of Brouwer choice sequence
Lange, Klaus
Step by step a substitution of the well known Brouwer choice sequence will be constructed. It begins with an establishing of quasi alternating prime number series followed by a construction of a virtual sequence in sense of the virtual set definition. The last step gives reasons for why this virtual sequence substitutes the choice sequence created by L. E. J. Brouwer.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
The Portland cement is equivalently substituted by slag micropowders with various specific areas. The workability,activity and acid-corrosion resistance of the slag-substituted cements are investigated,the activation of gypsum is discussed,also the porosity and pore distribution of mortars of the slag micropowders cement are determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry.
24 CFR 235.206 - Substitute mortgagors.
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Substitute mortgagors. 235.206... MORTGAGE INSURANCE AND ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS FOR HOME OWNERSHIP AND PROJECT REHABILITATION Contract Rights and Obligations-Homes for Lower Income Families § 235.206 Substitute mortgagors. (a) Selling...
Multisensory integration, sensory substitution and visual rehabilitation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Proulx, Michael J; Ptito, Maurice; Amedi, Amir
Sensory substitution has advanced remarkably over the past 35 years since first introduced to the scientific literature by Paul Bach-y-Rita. In this issue dedicated to his memory, we describe a collection of reviews that assess the current state of neuroscience research on sensory substitution, v...
Type Substitution for Object-Oriented Programming
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schwartzbach, Michael Ignatieff; Palsberg, Jens
Genericity allows the substitution of types in a class. This is usually obtained through parameterized classes, although they are inflexible since any class can be inherited but is not in itself parameterized. We suggest a new genericity mechanism, type substitution, which is a subclassing concep...
29 CFR 500.216 - Substituted service.
... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted service. 500.216 Section 500.216 Labor... Service § 500.216 Substituted service. (a) Pursuant to section 102(5) of the Act, the Secretary, when so designated by a court, shall accept service of summons in any action arising under the Act or...
Improved high-temperature resistant matrix resins
Green, H. E.; Chang, G. E.; Wright, W. F.; Ueda, K.; Orell, M. K.
A study was performed with the objective of developing matrix resins that exhibit improved thermo-oxidative stability over state-of-the-art high temperature resins for use at temperatures up to 644 K (700 F) and air pressures up to 0.7 MPa (100 psia). The work was based upon a TRW discovered family of polyimides currently licensed to and marketed by Ethyl Corporation as EYMYD(R) resins. The approach investigated to provide improved thermo-oxidative properties was to use halogenated derivatives of the diamine, 2, 2-bis (4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl) hexafluoropropane (4-BDAF). Polyimide neat resins and Celion(R) 12,000 composites prepared from fluorine substituted 4-BDAF demonstrated unexpectedly lower glass transition temperatures (Tg) and thermo-oxidative stabilities than the baseline 4-BDAF/PMDA polymer.
Elasticity of Substitution and Antidumping Measures
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Drud Hansen, Jørgen; Meinen, Philipp; Nielsen, Jørgen Ulff-Møller
Abstract This paper analyzes the role of the elasticity of substitution for anti-dumping decisions across countries. In monopolistic competition models with cost heterogeneous firms across countries, price differences vary inversely with the elasticity of substitution. Anti-dumping duties should...... therefore also vary inversely with the elasticity of substitution at least for countries which have a strong focus on prices in the determination of their anti-dumping measures. We test this for ten countries from 1990 to 2009 using data on anti-dumping from Chad Bown (2010) and US-data at 8-digit level...... in our empirical investigation support the predicted role of the elasticity of substitution as we find a significant negative relation between the elasticity of substitution and the final anti-dumping duties for the 'lesser duty rule' group of countries. The countries which do not follow the 'lesser duty...
Substitution between cars within the household
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
De Borger, Bruno; Mulalic, Ismir; Rouwendal, Jan
In this paper we study the demand for car kilometres in two-car households, focusing on the substitution between cars of different fuel efficiency in response to fuel price changes. We use a large sample of detailed Danish data on two-car households to estimate – for each car owned by the household...... – own and cross-price effects of increases in fuel costs per kilometre. The empirical results show that failure to capture substitution between cars within the household can result in substantial misspecification biases. Ignoring substitution, the basic model yielded fuel price elasticities of 0.98 and...... 1.41 for the primary and secondary cars, respectively. Accounting for substitution effects, these figures reduce to, respectively, 0.32 and 0.45. Consistent with substitution behaviour, we find that the fuel price elasticity of fuel demand exceeds the elasticity of kilometre demands with respect to...
Aluminum substitution in goethite in lake ore
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlson, L.
Full Text Available The extent of substitution of Fe by Al in goethite in 32 lake ore samples collected from 11 lakes in Finland varied between 0 and 23 mol-%. The data indicated a negative relationship between Al-substitution and the particle size of lake ore. Differences in the Al-substitution were apparent between sampling sites, suggesting that kinetic and environmental variation in lake ore formation influences the substitution. Non-substituted goethite is formed in coarse-grained sediments with locally high concentrations of Fe due to iron-rich springs. Unit cell edge lengths and volumes of goethite varied as function of Al-subsitution but deviated from the Vegard relationship towards higher values.
r-BlockPermutation Factor Circulant Matrix and Inverse Matrix
SUN Ji zhong; QIN Keyun; Hu, Yan
The concept of r-block permutation factor circulant matrix is presented. The characteristics of r-block permutation factor circulant matrix are discussed by Kronecker. The interchange ability of r-block permutation factor circulant matrix has been demonstrated, that is AB=BA. The calculation method of matrix determinant and the sufficient condition of nonsingular matrix based on the diagonalization of circulant matrices are given. Finally, the method of inverse matrix is given in r-blo...
Evaluation of dermal substitute in a novel co-transplantation model with autologous epidermal sheet.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Guofeng Huang
Full Text Available The development of more and more new dermal substitutes requires a reliable and effective animal model to evaluate their safety and efficacy. In this study we constructed a novel animal model using co-transplantation of autologous epidermal sheets with dermal substitutes to repair full-thickness skin defects. Autologous epidermal sheets were obtained by digesting the basement membrane (BM and dermal components from rat split-thickness skins in Dispase II solution (1.2 u/ml at 4 °C for 8, 10 and 12 h. H&E, immunohistochemical and live/dead staining showed that the epidermal sheet preserved an intact epidermis without any BM or dermal components, and a high percentage of viable cells (92.10 ± 4.19% and P63 positive cells (67.43 ± 4.21% under an optimized condition. Porcine acellular dermal matrixes were co-transplanted with the autologous epidermal sheets to repair full-thickness skin defects in Sprague-Dawley rats. The epidermal sheets survived and completely re-covered the wounds within 3 weeks. Histological staining showed that the newly formed stratified epidermis attached directly onto the dermal matrix. Inflammatory cell infiltration and vascularization of the dermal matrix were not significantly different from those in the subcutaneous implantation model. Collagen IV and laminin distributed continuously at the epidermis and dermal matrix junction 4 weeks after transplantation. Transmission electron microscopy further confirmed the presence of continuous lamina densa and hemidesmosome structures. This novel animal model can be used not only to observe the biocompatibility of dermal substitutes, but also to evaluate their effects on new epidermis and BM formation. Therefore, it is a simple and reliable model for evaluating the safety and efficacy of dermal substitutes.
Histological Features and Biocompatibility of Bone and Soft Tissue Substitutes in the Atrophic Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction
Carlo Maiorana; Mario Beretta; Davide Rancitelli; Giovanni Battista Grossi; Marco Cicciù; Alan Scott Herford
The reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridges for implant placement is today a common procedure in dentistry daily practice. The surgical reconstruction provides for the optimization of the supporting bone for the implants and a restoration of the amount of keratinized gingiva for esthetic and functional reasons. In the past, tissue regeneration has been performed with autogenous bone and free gingival or connective tissue grafts. Nowadays, bone substitutes and specific collagen matrix a...
Identification of the Inorganic Pyrophosphate Metabolizing, ATP Substituting Pathway in Mammalian Spermatozoa
Young-Joo Yi; Miriam Sutovsky; Chelsey Kennedy; Peter Sutovsky
Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is generated by ATP hydrolysis in the cells and also present in extracellular matrix, cartilage and bodily fluids. Fueling an alternative pathway for energy production in cells, PPi is hydrolyzed by inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) in a highly exergonic reaction that can under certain conditions substitute for ATP-derived energy. Recombinant PPA1 is used for energy-regeneration in the cell-free systems used to study the zymology of ATP-dependent ubiquitin-proteas...
Electrotactile vision substitution for 3D trajectory following.
Chekhchoukh, A; Goumidi, M; Vuillerme, N; Payan, Y; Glade, N
Navigation for blind persons represents a challenge for researchers in vision substitution. In this field, one of the used techniques to navigate is guidance. In this study, we develop a new approach for 3D trajectory following in which the requested task is to track a light path using computer input devices (keyboard and mouse) or a rigid body handled in front of a stereoscopic camera. The light path is visualized either on direct vision or by way of a electro-stimulation device, the Tongue Display Unit, a 12 × 12 matrix of electrodes. We improve our method by a series of experiments in which the effect of the modality of perception and that of the input device. Preliminary results indicated a close correlation between the stimulated and recorded trajectories. PMID:24111209
Electrotactile vision substitution for 3D trajectory following
Chekhchoukh, Abdessalem; Vuillerme, Nicolas; Payan, Yohan; Glade, Nicolas
Navigation for blind persons represents a challenge for researchers in vision substitution. In this field, one of the used techniques to navigate is guidance. In this study, we develop a new approach for 3D trajectory following in which the requested task is to track a light path using computer input devices (keyboard and mouse) or a rigid body handled in front of a stereoscopic camera. The light path is visualized either on direct vision or by way of a electro-stimulation device, the Tongue Display Unit, a 12x12 matrix of electrodes. We improve our method by a series of experiments in which the effect of the modality of perception and that of the input device. Preliminary results indicated a close correlation between the stimulated and recorded trajectories.
Elution efficiency of gel generator with Ti-Mo and Zr-Mo matrix
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An analysis of the elution profile of the Zr-Mo gel generator matrix was carried out and the optimum drying temperature of Zr polymolybdate xerogel was determined. Substitutional functions can be used to describe the gel matrix elution profile. The kinetics of Tc passage from the Zr-Mo xerogel matrix into solution was examined, and a pseudomonomolecular reaction was proposed to describe the chemical kinetics. The Ti-Mo matrix seems to be more radiation- and temperature-sensitive. In Ti-Mo targets an increase in local temperature results in the destruction of the zeolite structure of the matrix and in the appearance of Mo5+ ions in the matrix. This causes a substantial decrease in the yield of 99mTc. (author) 8 tabs., 10 refs
40 CFR 721.5930 - Phenylenebis[imino (chlorotriazinyl)imino(substituted naphthyl)azo(substituted phenyl)azo, sodium...
...)imino(substituted naphthyl)azo(substituted phenyl)azo, sodium salt (generic name). 721.5930 Section 721... Phenylenebis[imino (chlorotriazinyl)imino(substituted naphthyl)azo(substituted phenyl)azo, sodium salt (generic... identified generically as phenylenebis[imino (chlorotriazinyl)imino(substituted naphthyl)azo...
A nonsupersymmetric matrix orbifold
Banks, T; Banks, Tom; Motl, Lubos
We construct the matrix description for a twisted version of the IIA string theory on S^1 with fermions antiperiodic around a spatial circle. The result is a 2+1-dimensional U(N) x U(N) nonsupersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with fermionic matter transforming in the (N,Nbar). The two U(N)'s are exchanged if one goes around a twisted circle of the worldvolume. Relations with Type 0 theories are explored and we find Type 0 matrix string limits of our gauge theory. We argue however that most of these results are falsified by the absence of SUSY nonrenormalization theorems and that the models do not in fact have a sensible Lorentz invariant space time interpretation.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Full text: In order to obtain meaningful analytical information from an X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer, it is necessary to correlate measured intensity values with sample concentrations. The ability to do this to a desired level of precision depends on taking care of a number of variables which influence measured intensity values. These variables include: the sample, which needs to be homogeneous, flat and critically thick to the analyte lines used for measurement; the spectrometer, which needs to perform any mechanical movements in a highly reproducible manner; the time taken to measure an analyte line, and the software, which needs to take care of detector dead-time, the contribution of background to the measured signal, the effects of line overlaps and matrix (absorption and enhancement) effects. This presentation will address commonly used correction procedures for matrix effects and their relative success in achieving their objective. Copyright (2002) Australian X-ray Analytical Association Inc
Qian, Weixian; Zhou, Xiaojun; Lu, Yingcheng; Xu, Jiang
Both the Jones and Mueller matrices encounter difficulties when physically modeling mixed materials or rough surfaces due to the complexity of light-matter interactions. To address these issues, we derived a matrix called the paths correlation matrix (PCM), which is a probabilistic mixture of Jones matrices of every light propagation path. Because PCM is related to actual light propagation paths, it is well suited for physical modeling. Experiments were performed, and the reflection PCM of a mixture of polypropylene and graphite was measured. The PCM of the mixed sample was accurately decomposed into pure polypropylene's single reflection, pure graphite's single reflection, and depolarization caused by multiple reflections, which is consistent with the theoretical derivation. Reflection parameters of rough surface can be calculated from PCM decomposition, and the results fit well with the theoretical calculations provided by the Fresnel equations. These theoretical and experimental analyses verify that PCM is an efficient way to physically model light-matter interactions. PMID:26371930
Extended Matrix Variate Hypergeometric Functions and Matrix Variate Distributions
Daya K. Nagar; Raúl Alejandro Morán-Vásquez; Gupta, Arjun K.
Hypergeometric functions of matrix arguments occur frequently in multivariate statistical analysis. In this paper, we define and study extended forms of Gauss and confluent hypergeometric functions of matrix arguments and show that they occur naturally in statistical distribution theory.
BRENNER, BARBARA; Bodo B. Schlegelmilch; Ambos, Björn
This case describes how Nike, a consumer goods company with an ever expanding portfolio and a tremendous brand value, manages the tradeoff between local responsiveness and global integration. In particular, the case highlights Nike's organizational structure that consists of a global matrix organization that is replicated at a regional level for the European market. While this organizational structure allows Nike to respond to local consumer tastes it also ensures that the company benefits f...
Modeling competitive substitution in a polyelectrolyte complex
Peng, B.; Muthukumar, M.
We have simulated the invasion of a polyelectrolyte complex made of a polycation chain and a polyanion chain, by another longer polyanion chain, using the coarse-grained united atom model for the chains and the Langevin dynamics methodology. Our simulations reveal many intricate details of the substitution reaction in terms of conformational changes of the chains and competition between the invading chain and the chain being displaced for the common complementary chain. We show that the invading chain is required to be sufficiently longer than the chain being displaced for effecting the substitution. Yet, having the invading chain to be longer than a certain threshold value does not reduce the substitution time much further. While most of the simulations were carried out in salt-free conditions, we show that presence of salt facilitates the substitution reaction and reduces the substitution time. Analysis of our data shows that the dominant driving force for the substitution process involving polyelectrolytes lies in the release of counterions during the substitution.
Modeling competitive substitution in a polyelectrolyte complex
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Peng, B.; Muthukumar, M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (United States)
We have simulated the invasion of a polyelectrolyte complex made of a polycation chain and a polyanion chain, by another longer polyanion chain, using the coarse-grained united atom model for the chains and the Langevin dynamics methodology. Our simulations reveal many intricate details of the substitution reaction in terms of conformational changes of the chains and competition between the invading chain and the chain being displaced for the common complementary chain. We show that the invading chain is required to be sufficiently longer than the chain being displaced for effecting the substitution. Yet, having the invading chain to be longer than a certain threshold value does not reduce the substitution time much further. While most of the simulations were carried out in salt-free conditions, we show that presence of salt facilitates the substitution reaction and reduces the substitution time. Analysis of our data shows that the dominant driving force for the substitution process involving polyelectrolytes lies in the release of counterions during the substitution.
Infinite matrix products and the representation the gamma matrix function
J.-C. Cortés; Jódar, L.; Francisco J. Solís; Roberto Ku-Carrillo
We introduce infinite matrix products including some of their main properties and convergence results. We apply them in order to extend to the matrix scenario the definition of the scalar gamma function given by an infinite product due to Weierstrass. A limit representation of the matrix gamma function is also provided.
Biologic and synthetic skin substitutes: An overview
Halim Ahmad; Khoo Teng; Shah Jumaat
The current trend of burn wound care has shifted to more holistic approach of improvement in the long-term form and function of the healed burn wounds and quality of life. This has demanded the emergence of various skin substitutes in the management of acute burn injury as well as post burn reconstructions. Skin substitutes have important roles in the treatment of deep dermal and full thickness wounds of various aetiologies. At present, there is no ideal substitute in the market. Skin substit...
Co-substitution of carbonate and fluoride in hydroxyapatite: Effect on substitution type and content
Zhu, Qing-Xia; Li, Ya-Ming; Han, Dan
The nanosized hydroxyapatite substituted by fluoride and carbonate ions (CFHA) had been synthesized by aqueous precipitation method. CFHA had been considered as potential bone graft material for orthopedic and dental applications. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of simultaneously incorporated CO{3/2-} and F- on the substitution type and content. The morphologies of CFHAs were observed by TEM. The carbonate substitution type and content were characterized by FTIR. The fluoride contents were determined by F-selective electrode. The phase compositions and crystallinity of the samples were investigated by XRD. The fluoride and carbonate contents of CFHA increase with the dopant concentrations nonlinearly. The carbonate substitution has much more obvious effect on morphology compared with the fluoride substitution. The co-existence of CO{3/2-} and F- ions can influence the corresponding substitution fraction. The isomorphic substitution of sodium for calcium in the substitution process of CO{3/2-} can improve crystal degree and favor the B-type substitutions. Due to the closeness of the ion radii and equivalent substitution of F- and OH-, F- will occupy the OH- sites of HA crystals more easily, compelling most of the CO{3/2-} to be located in the B sites.
The implementation of the import substitution strategy as the key to the development of export potential of industrial enterprises
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
T.V. Vashchenko
Full Text Available The aim of the article. The article examines the preconditions and prospects of import substitution implementation by native producers of machine-building industry. It is based on the analysis of the different countries experiences in import substitution implementation for their economic growth and renovation. The rational explanation of the import substitution strategy formation and implementation at the management level of enterprise development is given. It allows to form more clearly the mission and objectives of enterprise's effective management in an unstable external environment. The results of the analysis. The definition of the concept «industrial enterprise import substitution strategy» was formulated. The scientific and methodical aspects to the definition of the perspective directions for the import substitution strategy were developed. It allows to choose the best solution while considering the set of criteria. The matrix «the group's share in the product portfolio of an enterprise – the priority directions of the import substitution strategy realization» was developed using the method of hierarchies analysis. It helps to choose direction of the import substitution strategy implementation. According to the matrix it is possible to distinguish five zones in which it is ossible to choose the direction of the import substitution strategy implementation at industrial enterprises. Conclusions and directions of further researches. It is proved that for the purpose of determining of strategically effective directions of industrial enterprise development it is advisable to use principle of «sales funnel» phased selection of promising groups of product portfolio according to the criteria «degree of market risk and the additional ratio of return per unit of risk investment». The analysis of these indicators provides an opportunity to identify risk of attractive investment project and growth of the commodity portfolio groups
Matrix Completions and Chordal Graphs
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Kenneth John HARRISON
In a matrix-completion problem the aim is to specifiy the missing entries of a matrix inorder to produce a matrix with particular properties. In this paper we survey results concerning matrix-completion problems where we look for completions of various types for partial matrices supported ona given pattern. We see that thc existence of completions of the required type often depends on thechordal properties of graphs associated with the pattern.
Orbit equivalent substitution dynamical systems and complexity
Bezuglyi, S
For any primitive proper substitution \\sigma, we give explicit constructions of countably many pairwise non-isomorphic substitution dynamical systems {(X_{\\zeta_n}, T_{\\zeta_n})}_{n=1}^{\\infty} such that they all are (strong) orbit equivalent to (X_{\\sigma}, T_{\\sigma}). We show that the complexity of the substitution dynamical systems {(X_{\\zeta_n}, T_{\\zeta_n})} is essentially different that prevents them from being isomorphic. Given a primitive (not necessarily proper) substitution \\tau, we find a stationary simple properly ordered Bratteli diagram with the least possible number of vertices such that the corresponding Bratteli-Vershik system is orbit equivalent to (X_{\\tau}, T_{\\tau}).
47 CFR 76.110 - Substitutions.
... blackout rules at § 76.111, substitute a program from any other television broadcast station. Programs... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports...
Substituted hydroxyapatites for biomedical applications: A review
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Šupová, Monika
Roč. 41, č. 8 (2015), s. 9203-9231. ISSN 0272-8842 Institutional support: RVO:67985891 Keywords : bioapatite * calcium phosphate * hydroxyapatite * substitution Subject RIV: JJ - Other Materials Impact factor: 2.605, year: 2014
Synthesis of substituted 2-cyanoarylboronic esters
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lysén, Morten; Hansen, Henriette M; Begtrup, Mikael; Kristensen, Jesper L
The synthesis of substituted 2-cyanoarylboronic esters is described via lithiation/in situ trapping of the corresponding methoxy-, trifluoromethyl-, fluoro-, chloro-, and bromobenzonitriles. The crude arylboronic esters were obtained in high yields and purities and with good regioselectivities....
The cellulose resource matrix.
Keijsers, Edwin R P; Yılmaz, Gülden; van Dam, Jan E G
The emerging biobased economy is causing shifts from mineral fossil oil based resources towards renewable resources. Because of market mechanisms, current and new industries utilising renewable commodities, will attempt to secure their supply of resources. Cellulose is among these commodities, where large scale competition can be expected and already is observed for the traditional industries such as the paper industry. Cellulose and lignocellulosic raw materials (like wood and non-wood fibre crops) are being utilised in many industrial sectors. Due to the initiated transition towards biobased economy, these raw materials are intensively investigated also for new applications such as 2nd generation biofuels and 'green' chemicals and materials production (Clark, 2007; Lange, 2007; Petrus & Noordermeer, 2006; Ragauskas et al., 2006; Regalbuto, 2009). As lignocellulosic raw materials are available in variable quantities and qualities, unnecessary competition can be avoided via the choice of suitable raw materials for a target application. For example, utilisation of cellulose as carbohydrate source for ethanol production (Kabir Kazi et al., 2010) avoids the discussed competition with easier digestible carbohydrates (sugars, starch) deprived from the food supply chain. Also for cellulose use as a biopolymer several different competing markets can be distinguished. It is clear that these applications and markets will be influenced by large volume shifts. The world will have to reckon with the increase of competition and feedstock shortage (land use/biodiversity) (van Dam, de Klerk-Engels, Struik, & Rabbinge, 2005). It is of interest - in the context of sustainable development of the bioeconomy - to categorize the already available and emerging lignocellulosic resources in a matrix structure. When composing such "cellulose resource matrix" attention should be given to the quality aspects as well as to the available quantities and practical possibilities of processing the
A Homeomorphism Invariant for Substitution Tiling Spaces
Ormes, Nic; Radin, Charles; Sadun, Lorenzo
We derive a homeomorphism invariant for those tiling spaces which are made by rather general substitution rules on polygonal tiles, including those tilings, like the pinwheel, which contain tiles in infinitely many orientations. The invariant is a quotient of Cech cohomology, is easily computed directly from the substitution rule, and distinguishes many examples, including most pinwheel-like tiling spaces. We also introduce a module structure on cohomology which is very convenient as well as ...
Nutrient-substituted hydroxyapatites: synthesis and characterization
Golden, D. C.; Ming, D. W.
Incorporation of Mg, S, and plant-essential micronutrients into the structure of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) may be advantageous for closed-loop systems, such as will be required on Lunar and Martian outposts, because these apatites can be used as slow-release fertilizers. Our objective was to synthesize HA with Ca, P, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, B, and Cl incorporated into the structure, i.e., nutrient-substituted apatites. Hydroxyapatite, carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA), nutrient-substituted hydroxyapatite (NHA), and nutrient-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite (NCHA) were synthesized by precipitating from solution. Chemical and mineralogical analysis of precipitated samples indicated a considerable fraction of the added cations were incorporated into HA, without mineral impurities. Particle size of the HA was in the 1 to 40 nm range, and decreased with increased substitution of nutrient elements. The particle shape of HA was elongated in the c-direction in unsubstituted HA and NHA but more spherical in CHA and NCHA. The substitution of cations and anions in the HA structure was confirmed by the decrease of the d[002] spacing of HA with substitution of ions with an ionic radius less than that of Ca or P. The DTPA-extractable Cu ranged from 8 to 8429 mg kg-1, Zn ranged from 57 to 1279 mg kg-1, Fe from 211 to 2573 mg kg-1, and Mn from 190 to 1719 mg kg-1, depending on the substitution level of each element in HA. Nutrient-substituted HA has the potential to be used as a slow-release fertilizer to supply micronutrients, S, and Mg in addition to Ca and P.
Schuck, Eric C.; Green, Gareth P.
The United States Bureau of Reclamation has been exploring the use of water price as a tool for promoting water conservation. Raising water rates is an attractive means of reducing diversions from surface water systems supplied by the USBR. Rising water rates may promote ground water substitution. When irrigators have access to both surface and ground water, changes in the relative cost of each water source can encourage movement from one source to another. Ground water substitution will occu...
Substituted Pyrazinecarboxamides: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Katarina Kralova; Josef Jampilek; Vladimir Buchta; Jarmila Vinsova; Lukas Palek; Martin Dolezal
Condensation of the corresponding chlorides of some substituted pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, 6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, 5-tert-butylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid or 5-tert-butyl-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) withvarious ring-substituted aminothiazoles or anilines yielded a series of amides. Thesyntheses, analytical and spectroscopic data of thirty newly prepared compounds arepresented. Structure-activity relationships between the chemical structures and...
Industrialisation: Import Substitution to Export Promotion
Jayanthakumaran, K.
Import-substitution policy creates biases in the incentive structure and lowers the growth of potential exports in the long run. Trade reforms in this respect are likely to reduce the gap between domestic and border prices. The expectation is to bring better industrial performance on the lines of comparative advantages. This paper examines the import-substitution policy and the effect and impact of trade liberalisation.
Currency Substitution and Inflation in Peru
Liliana Rojas-Suárez
This paper shows that there is a long-run relationship between the expected rate of depreciation in the black-market-exchange rate and the ratio of domestic to foreign money in Peru; that is, the hypothesis of currency substitution can explain the behavior of real holdings of money in Peru. The paper also shows that, while the importance of currency substitution as a transmission mechanism through which domestic policies affected the dynamics of inflation was relatively small during a period ...
Similartity Network For Semantic Web Services Substitution
Cherifi, Chantal
Web services substitution is one of the most challenging tasks for automating the composition process of multiple Web services. It aims to improve performances and to deal efficiently with Web services failures. Many existing solutions have approached the problem through classification of substitutable Web services. To go a step further, we propose in this paper a network based approach where nodes are Web services operations and links join similar operations. Four similarity measures based o...
Cherifi, Chantal
Web services substitution is one of the most challenging tasks for automating the composition process of multiple Web services. It aims to improve performances and to deal efficiently with Web services failures. Many existing solutions have approached the problem through classification of substitutable Web services. To go a step further, we propose in this paper a network based approach where nodes are Web services operations and links join similar operations. Four similarity measures based o...
Eisenman, Richard L
This outstanding text and reference applies matrix ideas to vector methods, using physical ideas to illustrate and motivate mathematical concepts but employing a mathematical continuity of development rather than a physical approach. The author, who taught at the U.S. Air Force Academy, dispenses with the artificial barrier between vectors and matrices--and more generally, between pure and applied mathematics.Motivated examples introduce each idea, with interpretations of physical, algebraic, and geometric contexts, in addition to generalizations to theorems that reflect the essential structur
Investigating Boolean Matrix Factorization
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Snášel, V.; Platoš, J.; Krömer, P.; Húsek, Dušan; Neruda, Roman; Frolov, A. A.
- : ACM, 2008 - (Ding, C.; Li, T.; Zhu, S.), s. 18-25 ISBN 978-1-60558-307-5. [DMMT'08. Workshop in Conjunction with SIGKDD 2008 /14./. Las Vegas (US), 24.08.2008-24.08.2008] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : Boolean factor analysis * nonnegative matrix factorization * neural networks * information retrieval * data mining * binary data Subject RIV: BB - Applied Statistics, Operational Research http://users.cs.fiu.edu/~taoli/kdd08-workshop/DMMT08-Proceedings.pdf
Matrix string partition function
Kostov, Ivan K; Kostov, Ivan K.; Vanhove, Pierre
We evaluate quasiclassically the Ramond partition function of Euclidean D=10 U(N) super Yang-Mills theory reduced to a two-dimensional torus. The result can be interpreted in terms of free strings wrapping the space-time torus, as expected from the point of view of Matrix string theory. We demonstrate that, when extrapolated to the ultraviolet limit (small area of the torus), the quasiclassical expressions reproduce exactly the recently obtained expression for the partition of the completely reduced SYM theory, including the overall numerical factor. This is an evidence that our quasiclassical calculation might be exact.
Substituting missing data in compositional analysis
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Real, Carlos, E-mail: email@example.com [Area de Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular y Ecologia, Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo (Spain); Angel Fernandez, J.; Aboal, Jesus R.; Carballeira, Alejo [Area de Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular y Ecologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Multivariate analysis of environmental data sets requires the absence of missing values or their substitution by small values. However, if the data is transformed logarithmically prior to the analysis, this solution cannot be applied because the logarithm of a small value might become an outlier. Several methods for substituting the missing values can be found in the literature although none of them guarantees that no distortion of the structure of the data set is produced. We propose a method for the assessment of these distortions which can be used for deciding whether to retain or not the samples or variables containing missing values and for the investigation of the performance of different substitution techniques. The method analyzes the structure of the distances among samples using Mantel tests. We present an application of the method to PCDD/F data measured in samples of terrestrial moss as part of a biomonitoring study. - Highlights: > Missing values in multivariate data sets must be substituted prior to analysis. > The substituted values can modify the structure of the data set. > We developed a method to estimate the magnitude of the alterations. > The method is simple and based on the Mantel test. > The method allowed the identification of problematic variables in a sample data set. - A method is presented for the assessment of the possible distortions in multivariate analysis caused by the substitution of missing values.
Exposed tibial bone after burns: Flap reconstruction versus dermal substitute.
Verbelen, Jozef; Hoeksema, Henk; Pirayesh, Ali; Van Landuyt, Koenraad; Monstrey, Stan
A 44 years old male patient had suffered extensive 3rd degree burns on both legs, undergoing thorough surgical debridement, resulting in both tibias being exposed. Approximately 5 months after the incident he was referred to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the University Hospital Gent, Belgium, to undergo flap reconstruction. Free flap surgery was performed twice on both lower legs but failed on all four occasions. In between flap surgery, a dermal substitute (Integra(®)) was applied, attempting to cover the exposed tibias with a layer of soft tissue, but also without success. In order to promote the development of granulation tissue over the exposed bone, small holes were drilled in both tibias with removal of the outer layer of the anterior cortex causing the bone to bleed and subsequently negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was applied. The limited granulation tissue resulting from this procedure was then covered with a dermal substitute (Glyaderm(®)), consisting of acellular human dermis with an average thickness of 0.25mm. This dermal substitute was combined with a NPWT-dressing, and then served as an extracellular matrix (ECM), guiding the distribution of granulation tissue over the remaining areas of exposed tibial bone. Four days after initial application of Glyaderm(®) combined with NPWT both tibias were almost completely covered with a thin coating of soft tissue. In order to increase the thickness of this soft tissue cover two additional layers of Glyaderm(®) were applied at intervals of approximately 1 week. One week after the last Glyaderm(®) application both wounds were autografted. The combination of an acellular dermal substitute (Glyaderm(®)) with negative pressure wound therapy and skin grafting proved to be an efficient technique to cover a wider area of exposed tibial bone in a patient who was not a candidate for free flap surgery. An overview is also provided of newer and simpler techniques for coverage of
Matrix algebra for linear models
Gruber, Marvin H J
Matrix methods have evolved from a tool for expressing statistical problems to an indispensable part of the development, understanding, and use of various types of complex statistical analyses. This evolution has made matrix methods a vital part of statistical education. Traditionally, matrix methods are taught in courses on everything from regression analysis to stochastic processes, thus creating a fractured view of the topic. Matrix Algebra for Linear Models offers readers a unique, unified view of matrix analysis theory (where and when necessary), methods, and their applications. Written f
Hierarchical Matrix Techniques on Massively Parallel Computers
Izadi, Mohammad
Hierarchical matrix (H-matrix) techniques can be used to efficiently treat dense matrices. With an H-matrix, the storage requirements and performing all fundamental operations, namely matrix-vector multiplication, matrix-matrix multiplication and matrix inversion can be done in almost linear complexity. In this work, we tried to gain even further speedup for the H-matrix arithmetic by utilizing multiple processors. Our approach towards an H-matrix distribution relies on the s...
Currency Substitution and Government Revenue from Inflation Currency Substitution and Government Revenue from Inflation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
C. Luis RamÃrez-Rojas
Full Text Available Currency Substitution and Government Revenue from Inflation The purpose of this paper is to show that in the case of an open economy the calculations of revenue-maximing rates of inflation have been made using a restrictive model that assumes that domestic residents can only substitute between domestic money and goods (and real assets. The paper demonstrates that once the effects of currency substitution, so common in developing countries, are taken into account, the inflation rate that maximizes the proceeds of the inflation tax can be quite lower than would be the case when currency substitution is ignored.
Characterization of supercapacitors matrix
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper treats supercapacitors matrix characterization. In order to cut off transient power peaks and to compensate for the intrinsic limitations in embedded sources, the use of supercapacitors as a storage system is quite suitable, because of their appropriate electrical characteristics (huge capacitance, small series resistance, high specific energy, high specific power), direct storage (energy ready for use), and easy control by power electronic conversion. This use requires supercapacitors modules where several cells connected in serial and/or in parallel, thus a bypass system to balance the charging or the discharging of supercapacitors is required. In the matrix of supercapacitors, six elements of three parallel BCAP0350 supercapacitors in serial connections have been considered. This topology permits to reduce the number of the bypass circuits and it can work in degraded mode. Actually, it allows the system to have more reliability by providing power continually to the load even when there are one or more cells failed. Simulation and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Determination of substitutional-interstitial interaction from chemical potentials of interstitials in the steel matrix
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Shan, Y. V.; Svoboda, Jiří; Fischer, F. D.; Kozeschnik, E.
Zurich: Trans Tech Publications, 2014 - (Mishra, B.; Ionescu, M.; Chandra, T.), s. 645-650. ( Advanced Materials Research. 922). ISBN 978-3-03835-074-3. ISSN 1022-6680. [THERMEC 2013 - International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials: Processing, Fabrication, Properties, Applications /8/. Las Vegas (US), 02.12.2013-06.12.2013] Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : interstitial trapping * chemical potential * trapping enthalpy * carbon * nitrogen Subject RIV: BJ - Thermodynamics
[Guidelines for substitution treatments in prison populations].
Michel, L; Maguet, O
Care access for the drug addict patients in prison (in particular for the treatments of substitution) in France is very unequal from one establishment to another. This reflects the great variability of the practices of substitution and especially the absence of consensus on the methods of adaptation of these practices to the prison environment. Because of difficulties expressed by prisoners and medical staff on this subject and of stakes (let us recall that approximately 30% of the prisoners are dependent or abusers of one or more psychoactive substances), the formulation of recommendations or of a good practices guide of substitution in prison appeared necessary. Work that we detail here answers a ordering of the Advisory Commission of the Treatments of Substitution (September 2001) whose authors are members. It was presented at the session April 2003. It results from the confrontation of a review of the literature (including legal texts and official reports concerning substitution, the organization of the care in prison environment and the lawful framework), with a vast investigation. The latter was carried out near medical staff (22 prisons), penitentiary staff (3 prisons, 27 people met including directors of these establishments) and prisoners (7 establishments, 28 prisoners met) in the form of individual talks (semi-directing interviews with evaluation of the type of existing device and its knowledge by the penitentiary staff and the prisoners; statement of the suggestions, needs and requests of the medical, penitentiary staffs and of the prisoners). In the whole visited prisons, 7.8% (870) of the prisoners received substitution treatments (6.35% by buprenorphine, 1.44% by methadone), representing a proportion of substituted drug addicts (870 substituted for an evaluation of 3,350 prisoners drug addicts among the 11,168 prisoners of the 22 visited prisons) notably lower than that in free environment (56%, ie 96,000 substituted for an evaluated population of
Bone marrow derived cell-seeded extracellular matrix: A novel biomaterial in the field of wound management
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
V. Remya
Full Text Available Aim: Extensive or irreversible damage to the skin often requires additional skin substitutes for reconstruction. Biomaterials have become critical components in the development of effective new medical therapies for wound care. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a cell matrix construct (bone marrow-derived cells (BMdc seeded extracellular matrix [ECM] was used as a biological substitute for the repair of full-thickness skin wound. ECM was developed by decellularizing fish swim bladder (FSB. Goat bone marrow-derived cells (G-BMdc were seeded over this decellularized matrix. Efficacy of this cell matrix construct in wound repair was tested by implanting it over 20 mm2 × 20 mm2 size fullthickness skin wound created over the dorsum of rat. The study was conducted in 16 clinically healthy adult rats of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of 8 animals each. In Group I, animal's wounds were repaired with a cellular FSB matrix. In Group II, wounds were repaired with G-BMdc seeded a cellular FSB matrix. Immune response and efficacy of healing were analyzed. Results: Quality of healing and immuno tolerance to the biological substitute was significantly better in Group II than Group I. Conclusion: Seeding with BMdc increases the wound healing potency and modulates the immune response to a significantly negligible level. The BMdc seeded acellular FSB matrix was found to be a novel biomaterial for wound management.
Ceramic matrix and resin matrix composites - A comparison
Hurwitz, Frances I.
The underlying theory of continuous fiber reinforcement of ceramic matrix and resin matrix composites, their fabrication, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties are contrasted. The growing use of organometallic polymers as precursors to ceramic matrices is discussed as a means of providing low temperature processing capability without the fiber degradation encountered with more conventional ceramic processing techniques. Examples of ceramic matrix composites derived from particulate-filled, high char yield polymers and silsesquioxane precursors are provided.
Ceramic matrix and resin matrix composites: A comparison
Hurwitz, Frances I.
The underlying theory of continuous fiber reinforcement of ceramic matrix and resin matrix composites, their fabrication, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties are contrasted. The growing use of organometallic polymers as precursors to ceramic matrices is discussed as a means of providing low temperature processing capability without the fiber degradation encountered with more conventional ceramic processing techniques. Examples of ceramic matrix composites derived from particulate-filled, high char yield polymers and silsesquioxane precursors are provided.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hastings, Matthew B [Los Alamos National Laboratory
We show how to combine the light-cone and matrix product algorithms to simulate quantum systems far from equilibrium for long times. For the case of the XXZ spin chain at {Delta} = 0.5, we simulate to a time of {approx} 22.5. While part of the long simulation time is due to the use of the light-cone method, we also describe a modification of the infinite time-evolving bond decimation algorithm with improved numerical stability, and we describe how to incorporate symmetry into this algorithm. While statistical sampling error means that we are not yet able to make a definite statement, the behavior of the simulation at long times indicates the appearance of either 'revivals' in the order parameter as predicted by Hastings and Levitov (e-print arXiv:0806.4283) or of a distinct shoulder in the decay of the order parameter.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jørnø, Rasmus Leth Vergmann; Gynther, Karsten; Christensen, Ove
useful information, we question whether the axis of time and space comprising the matrix pertains to relevant defining properties of the tools, technology or learning environments to which they are applied. Subsequently we offer an example of an Adobe Connect e-learning session as an illustration of a...... an appropriate unit of analysis and that categories of such practices can be established by an axis of articulation work and an axis of the codification needed to express and coordinate knowledge and work efforts. Keywords: E-learning; distance education; synchronous; distributed; assemblages...... different approach to learning situations based on the idea that tools, technology and learning environments are media through which participants simultaneously acquire proficiency to articulate and gain a perspective in order to decode what is going on. To effectively interact online, we contend that both...
Hyaluronan: A Matrix Component
Rügheimer, Louise
The glucosaminoglycan hyaluronan is a key component of the extracellular matrix. It is a large, negatively charged molecule that can act as an ion exchange reservoir for positive ions. Hyaluronan is involved in renomedullary water handling through its water-binding capacity. In the renal medulla, the main source for hyaluronan production is the renomedullary interstitial cells. Hyaluronan synthases are found in the inner part of the plasma membrane and polymerize hyaluronan chains which are extruded into the extracellular space. Hyaluronidases are a family of enzymes involved in the degradation of hyaluronan. They have a wide range of properties, including differences in size, inhibitor sensitivities, catalytic mechanisms, substrate specificities and pH optima.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The light-like linear dilaton background represents a particularly simple time-dependent 1/2 BPS solution of critical type-IIA superstring theory in ten dimensions. Its lift to M-theory, as well as its Einstein frame metric, are singular in the sense that the geometry is geodesically incomplete and the Riemann tensor diverges along a light-like subspace of codimension one. We study this background as a model for a big bang type singularity in string theory/M-theory. We construct the dual Matrix theory description in terms of a (1+1)-d supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on a time-dependent world-sheet given by the Milne orbifold of (1+1)-d Minkowski space. Our model provides a framework in which the physics of the singularity appears to be under control
Craps, B; Verlinde, E; Craps, Ben; Sethi, Savdeep; Verlinde, Erik
The light-like linear dilaton background represents a particularly simple time-dependent 1/2 BPS solution of critical type IIA superstring theory in ten dimensions. Its lift to M-theory, as well as its Einstein frame metric, are singular in the sense that the geometry is geodesically incomplete and the Riemann tensor diverges along a light-like subspace of codimension one. We study this background as a model for a big bang type singularity in string theory/M-theory. We construct the dual Matrix theory description in terms of a (1+1)-d supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on a time-dependent world-sheet given by the Milne orbifold of (1+1)-d Minkowski space. Our model provides a framework in which the physics of the singularity appears to be under control.
Matrix Quantization of Turbulence
Floratos, Emmanuel
Based on our recent work on Quantum Nambu Mechanics $\\cite{af2}$, we provide an explicit quantization of the Lorenz chaotic attractor through the introduction of Non-commutative phase space coordinates as Hermitian $ N \\times N $ matrices in $ R^{3}$. For the volume preserving part, they satisfy the commutation relations induced by one of the two Nambu Hamiltonians, the second one generating a unique time evolution. Dissipation is incorporated quantum mechanically in a self-consistent way having the correct classical limit without the introduction of external degrees of freedom. Due to its volume phase space contraction it violates the quantum commutation relations. We demonstrate that the Heisenberg-Nambu evolution equations for the Matrix Lorenz system develop fast decoherence to N independent Lorenz attractors. On the other hand there is a weak dissipation regime, where the quantum mechanical properties of the volume preserving non-dissipative sector survive for long times.
Chemical characterization of some substituted hydroxyapatites
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ibrahim Doreya
Full Text Available Abstract Synthetic multi-substituted hydroxyapatite nano powders containing silicon and or carbonate prepared by a wet chemical method. The process parameters are set up to allow the simultaneous substitution of carbonate and silicon ions in the place of phosphorus. The chemical and structural characterizations of the prepared powders are determined with the aid of; XRF, ICP, XRD and FTIR. The results show that, the ion substitution in the crystal lattice of HA caused a change in the unit cell dimensions and affected the degree of crystallization of the produced powders. The apatite formation abilityy of the prepared discs from the synthesized powders is determined by immersing in SBF solution for different periods. The degree of ion release was determined in the obtained solutions. The examined surface of the immersed discs under SEM and analyzed by CDS showed a more dense HA layer than those of un-substituted ones. The HA with the substituted silicon and carbonate ions, showed the highest solubility with greater rate of ion release, compared with carbonate-free powder. All prepared powders took sodium ion from the SBF solution during immersion, which was not recorded before.
Egg substitutes: chemical and biologic evaluations.
Childs, M T; Ostrander, J
The total lipid, cholesterol, phospholipid, and fatty acid content of dried whole egg (DWE), a refrigerated liquid egg substitute, a powdered egg substitute, and a commercial egg yolk replacer (EYR) were compared. All substitutes contained less total lipid, cholesterol, and phospholipid than DWE. The powdered substitute contained only half the total lipid content reported by the producers and only a fifth of the cholesterol of DWE, while the percentage distribution of fatty acids was similar to that of DWE. The liquid substitute and EYR had fatty acid distributions similar to soybean oil. Rat growth and lipid response were compared for diets containing either DWE or a mixture of EYR and egg white. Both diets were fed with and without vitamin and mineral supplements. Rat growth response was greatest on the DWE diets, either with or without the supplements, was intermediate on the supplemented EYR diets, and was least on the unsupplemented EYR diets. The consumption of DWE-containing diets, when compared with the EYR-containing diets, caused greater liver weight, greater liver total lipid and total cholesterol content, and slightly higher serum cholesterol. PMID:942984
Evaluation of lymphangiogenesis in acellular dermal matrix
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mario Cherubino
Full Text Available Introduction: Much attention has been directed towards understanding the phenomena of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in wound healing. Thanks to the manifold dermal substitute available nowadays, wound treatment has improved greatly. Many studies have been published about angiogenesis and cell invasion in INTEGRA® . On the other hand, the development of the lymphatic network in acellular dermal matrix (ADM is a more obscure matter. In this article, we aim to characterize the different phases of host cell invasion in ADM. Special attention was given to lymphangiogenic aspects. Materials and Methods: Among 57 rats selected to analyse the role of ADM in lymphangiogenesis, we created four groups. We performed an excision procedure on both thighs of these rats: On the left one we did not perform any action except repairing the borders of the wound; while on the right one we used INTEGRA® implant. The excision biopsy was performed at four different times: First group after 7 days, second after 14 days, third after 21 days and fourth after 28 days. For our microscopic evaluation, we used the classical staining technique of haematoxylin and eosin and a semi-quantitative method in order to evaluate cellularity counts. To assess angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis development we employed PROX-1 Ab and CD31/PECAM for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: We found remarkable wound contraction in defects that healed by secondary intention while minor wound contraction was observed in defects treated with ADM. At day 7, optical microscopy revealed a more plentiful cellularity in the granulation tissue compared with the dermal regeneration matrix. The immunohistochemical process highlighted vascular and lymphatic cells in both groups. After 14 days a high grade of fibrosis was noticeable in the non-treated group. At day 21, both lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells were better developed in the group with a dermal matrix application. At day 28
Biodegradable and semi-biodegradable composite hydrogels as bone substitutes: morphology and mechanical characterization.
Sanginario, V; Ginebra, M P; Tanner, K E; Planell, J A; Ambrosio, L
Biodegradable and semi-biodegradable composite hydrogels are proposed as bone substitutes. They consist of an hydrophilic biodegradable polymer (HYAFF 11) as matrix and two ceramic powders (alpha-TCP and HA) as reinforcement. Both components of these composites have been of great interest in biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and tissue interactions, however they have never been investigated as bone substitute composites. Morphological and mechanical analysis have shown that the two fillers behave in a very different way. In the HYAFF 11/alpha-TCP composite, alpha-TCP is able to hydrolyze in contact with water while in the HYAFF 11 matrix. As a result, the composite sets and hardens, and entangled CDHA crystals are formed in the hydrogel phase and increases in the mechanical properties are obtained. In the HYAFF11/HA composite the ceramic reinforcement acts as inert phase leading to lower mechanical properties. Both mechanical properties and microstructure analysis have demonstrated the possibility to design hydrophilic biodegradable composite structures for bone tissue substitution applications. PMID:16688585
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kozáková Aneta
Full Text Available Substitute Family Care is an institute for children when their parents, for whatever reason, are unable to care for the children themselves. This paper is concerned with substitute family care in the Czech Republic. The paper is specifically aimed at the process of mediating of the substitute family care. A social worker, in the process of mediating of the substitute family care, has a key role, nevertheless, the social worker co-operatives with other people involved, such as psychologists and medical examiners. People involved are abided by the law, different methodologies and recommendations, but even so they are highly benevolent when assessing claimant for substitute family care. The research problem is described in the introduction. The term of substitute family care is explained and the process of mediating of the substitute family care is described there. The issues of who else is interested in this process and what requirements are imposed on a claimant for substitute family care, are also described and explained in this chapter. Research methodology is described subsequently. The aim of the research is to describe how people involved in the process of mediating of the alternative family care perceive and interpret the requests asked of the claimant. The main and sub research questions are based on the aim of the research. Qualitative research strategy is applied and field research, as a type of research, is selected by Miovský. In the last part of the paper the interesting findings from the carried out research are interpreted and discussed. The very process of mediating of the substitute family care in the Moravian-Silesian Region is described. The attitude of the people involved towards the requirements imposed on substitute parents is also described. Sub-questions are answered in the end.
Homological Pisot Substitutions and Exact Regularity
Barge, Marcy; Jones, Leslie; Sadun, Lorenzo
We consider one-dimensional substitution tiling spaces where the dilatation (stretching factor) is a degree d Pisot number, and where the first rational Cech cohomology is d-dimensional. We construct examples of such "homological Pisot" substitutions that do not have pure discrete spectra. These examples are not unimodular, and we conjecture that the coincidence rank must always divide a power of the norm of the dilatation. To support this conjecture, we show that homological Pisot substitutions exhibit an Exact Regularity Property (ERP), in which the number of occurrences of a patch for a return length is governed strictly by the length. The ERP puts strong constraints on the measure of any cylinder set in the corresponding tiling space.
Substitution between Cars within the Household
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
de Borger, Bruno; Mulalic, Ismir; Rouwendal, Jan
In this paper we study the demand for car kilometres in two-car households, focusing on the substitution between cars in response to fuel price changes. We use a large sample of detailed Danish data on two-car households to estimate—for each car owned by the household—own and cross-price effects of...... increases in fuel costs per kilometre. The empirical results show that failure to capture substitution between cars within the household can result in substantial misspecification biases. Ignoring substitution, we estimate fuel price elasticities of –0.81 and -0.65 for the primary and secondary cars...... efficient car, finding partial support for the underlying hypothesis. More importantly, the results of this extended model emphasize the importance of behavioural differences related to the position of the most fuel efficient car in the household, suggesting that households' fuel efficiency choices are...
Dorey, Nick; Turner, Carl
We study a U(N) gauged matrix quantum mechanics which, in the large N limit, is closely related to the chiral WZW conformal field theory. This manifests itself in two ways. First, we construct the left-moving Kac-Moody algebra from matrix degrees of freedom. Secondly, we compute the partition function of the matrix model in terms of Schur and Kostka polynomials and show that, in the large $N$ limit, it coincides with the partition function of the WZW model. This same matrix model was recently shown to describe non-Abelian quantum Hall states and the relationship to the WZW model can be understood in this framework.
Dorey, Nick; Tong, David; Turner, Carl
We study a U( N) gauged matrix quantum mechanics which, in the large N limit, is closely related to the chiral WZW conformal field theory. This manifests itself in two ways. First, we construct the left-moving Kac-Moody algebra from matrix degrees of freedom. Secondly, we compute the partition function of the matrix model in terms of Schur and Kostka polynomials and show that, in the large N limit, it coincides with the partition function of the WZW model. This same matrix model was recently shown to describe non-Abelian quantum Hall states and the relationship to the WZW model can be understood in this framework.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Document available in extended abstract form only. In many countries, it is planned that the long life highly radioactive nuclear spent fuel will be stored in deep argillaceous rocks. The sites selected for this purpose are anoxic and satisfy several recommendations as mechanical stability, low permeability and low redox potential. Pyrite (FeS2), iron(II) carbonate, iron(II) bearing clays and organic matter that are present in very small amounts (about 1% w:w) in soils play a major role in their reactivity and are considered today as responsible for the low redox potential values of these sites. In this communication, we describe an electrochemical technique derived from 'Salt matrix voltammetry' and allowing the almost in-situ voltammetric characterization of air-sensitive samples of soils after the only addition of the minimum humidity required for electrolytic conduction. Figure 1 shows the principle of the developed technique. It consists in the entrapment of the clay sample between a graphite working electrode and a silver counter/quasi-reference electrode. The sample was previously humidified by passing a water saturated inert gas through the electrochemical cell. The technique leads to well-defined voltammetric responses of the electro-active components of the clays. Figure 2 shows a typical voltammogram relative to a Callovo-Oxfordian argillite sample from Bure, the French place planned for the underground nuclear waste disposal. During the direct scan, one can clearly distinguish the anodic voltammetric signals for the oxidation of the iron (II) species associated with the clay and the oxidation of pyrite. The reverse scan displays a small cathodic signal for the reduction of iron (III) associated with the clay that demonstrates that the majority of the previously oxidized iron (II) species were transformed into iron (III) oxides reducible at lower potentials. When a second voltammetric cycle is performed, one can notice that the signal for iron (II
Wang, Xingqiao; Liu, Xinsheng; Song, Tianyou; Hu, Jianzhi; Qiu, Jianqing
A series of SAPO-5 samples with different numbers of silicon atoms are investigated by chemical analysis, XRD and CP/MAS NMR. The results indicate that the lines at about -102 and -110 ppm observed in the 29Si NMR spectra of the SAPO-5 samples are due to the non-framework silicon phase which is structurally similar to the synthesis gel. The corrected framework compositions of SAPO-5 samples strongly suggest that Si is only substituted by framework P (case 2). Si simultaneously substituted by both framework P and Al (case 3) is unlikely.
Parallel substitution algorithm theory and application
Achasova, S; Markova, V; Piskunov, S
Parallel Substitution Algorithm (PSA) is a new model for distributed (cellular) computations. It provides a concise mapping of distributed computation processes into cellular arrays. A PSA is specified by a set of parallel substitutions operating over a cellular array.Two concepts make PSA a powerful tool for modelling cellular computations: 1) naming functions which allow the specification of any type of interactions in the computation space, 2) a context which serves to represent control of a computational process in time.The foundation of PSA theory comprises validity conditions of computat
Substitution between cars within the household
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
De Borger, Bruno; Mulalic, Ismir; Rouwendal, Jan
The purpose of this paper is to study to what extent two-car households substitute the use of their less fuel efficient car by the use of their more fuel efficient car after an increase in fuel prices. Based on a simple theoretical framework we use a large sample of detailed Danish data on two-car...... households to estimate, for each car owned by the household, own and cross-price effects of increases in fuel costs per kilometer. The empirical results point at important substitution effects, so that models that estimate responses to fuel prices on the implicit or explicit assumption of one car per...
Soluble N-Substituted Organosilane Polybenzimidazoles
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Klaehn, J. R.; Luther, T. A.; Orme, C. J.; Jones, M. G.; Wertsching, A. K.; Peterson, E. S.
Six organosilane derivatives were synthesized, and are more soluble in common organic solvents (tetrahydrofuran and chloroform) than the parent polybenzimidazole. Our polymer modification pathway provides a straightforward synthesis that can be carried out at room temperature and give reasonable yields. Solution 1H NMR spectra of both the parent and deprotonated polybenzimidazoles are reported. Based upon the NMR analysis in CDCl3, nearly all of the benzimidazole N-H positions are substituted by the organosilane moieties. Some of the modified polymers have similar thermal properties compared to the parent polymer, and the average molecular weights are higher for the substituted polybenzimidazoles than the parent PBI.
Factor Input Substitution in Irish Manufacturing
Haller, Stefanie A.; Hyland, Marie
We use a translog cost function to model production in the Irish manufacturing sector over the period from 1991 to 2009. We estimate both own- and cross-price elasticities and Morishima elasticities of substitution between capital, labour, materials and energy. We find that capital and energy are substitutes in the production process. Across all firms we find that a 1% rise in the price of energy is associated with an increase of 0.1% in the demand for capital. The Morishima elasticities, whi...
Substitution-diffusion based Image Cipher
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Narendra K Pareek
Full Text Available In this paper, a new image encryption scheme using a secret key of 128-bit size is proposed. In thealgorithm, image is partitioned into several key based dynamic blocks and further, each block passesthrough the eight rounds of diffusion as well as substitution process. In diffusion process, sequences ofblock pixels are rearranged within the block by a zigzag approach whereas block pixels are replaced withanother by using difference calculation of row and column in substitution process. Due to high order ofsubstitution and diffusion, common attacks like linear and differential cryptanalysis are infeasible. Theexperimental results show that the proposed technique is efficient and has high security features.
Matrix Product Operators, Matrix Product States, and ab initio Density Matrix Renormalization Group algorithms
Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic; Nakatani, Naoki; Li, Zhendong; White, Steven R
Current descriptions of the ab initio DMRG algorithm use two superficially different languages: an older language of the renormalization group and renormalized operators, and a more recent language of matrix product states and matrix product operators. The same algorithm can appear dramatically different when written in the two different vocabularies. In this work, we carefully describe the translation between the two languages in several contexts. First, we describe how to efficiently implement the ab-initio DMRG sweep using a matrix product operator based code, and the equivalence to the original renormalized operator implementation. Next we describe how to implement the general matrix product operator/matrix product state algebra within a pure renormalized operator-based DMRG code. Finally, we discuss two improvements of the ab initio DMRG sweep algorithm motivated by matrix product operator language: Hamiltonian compression, and a sum over operators representation that allows for perfect computational par...
Preparation and evaluation of sustained-release matrix tablets based on metoprolol and an acrylic carrier using injection moulding
Quinten, Thomas; Andrews, GP; De Beer, Thomas; Saerens, Lien; Bouquet-Geerardyn, Wim; Jones, DS; Hornsby, P.; Remon, Jean Paul; Vervaet, Chris
Sustained-release matrix tablets based on Eudragit RL and RS were manufactured by injection moulding. The influence of process temperature; matrix composition; drug load, plasticizer level; and salt form of metoprolol: tartrate (MPT), fumarate (MPF) and succinate (MPS) on ease of processing and drug release were evaluated. Formulations composed of 70/30% Eudragit RL/MPT showed the fastest drug release, substituting part of Eudragit RL by RS resulted in slower drug release, all following first...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. Rajasekaran*, Gopalkrishna Rao and H.S. Niranjan
Full Text Available In recent years, there is a tremendous increase of drug resistant pathogens, leading to the design and development of newer antitubercular agents. A series of 2-(substituted-phenyl-1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones and 3-amino-2-(substituted-phenylquinazolin-4(3H-ones were synthesized by the reaction of substituted benzoyl chloride with anthranilic acid and 2- (substituted phenyl-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one with hydrazine hydrate in absolute alcohol respectively. The title compounds 2-substituted phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-ylmethyleneamino quinazolin-4(3H-ones and 2-(substituted phenyl-3-(1-(furan-2-ylethylideneamino quinazolin-4(3H-ones were obtained by reacting 3-amino-2-(substituted phenyl quinazolin-4(3H-one with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde and 2-acetyl furan respectively. The title compounds have been characterized by UV, IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectra. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their antitubercular activity. Few of the compounds exhibited significant antitubercular while other compounds showed moderate activity.
Ceramic matrix composite article and process of fabricating a ceramic matrix composite article
Cairo, Ronald Robert; DiMascio, Paul Stephen; Parolini, Jason Robert
A ceramic matrix composite article and a process of fabricating a ceramic matrix composite are disclosed. The ceramic matrix composite article includes a matrix distribution pattern formed by a manifold and ceramic matrix composite plies laid up on the matrix distribution pattern, includes the manifold, or a combination thereof. The manifold includes one or more matrix distribution channels operably connected to a delivery interface, the delivery interface configured for providing matrix material to one or more of the ceramic matrix composite plies. The process includes providing the manifold, forming the matrix distribution pattern by transporting the matrix material through the manifold, and contacting the ceramic matrix composite plies with the matrix material.
S. Breaz; Călugăreanu, G.; Danchev, P.; Micu, T.
We characterize the nil clean matrix rings over fields. As a by product, it is proved that the full matrix rings with coefficients in commutative nil-clean rings are nil-clean, and we obtain a complete characterization of the finite rank Abelian groups with nil clean endomorphism ring and the Abelian groups with strongly nil clean endomorphism ring, respectively.
Jairam, Dharmananda; Kiewra, Kenneth A.; Kauffman, Douglas F.; Zhao, Ruomeng
This study investigated how best to study a matrix. Fifty-three participants studied a matrix topically (1 column at a time), categorically (1 row at a time), or in a unified way (all at once). Results revealed that categorical and unified study produced higher: (a) performance on relationship and fact tests, (b) study material satisfaction, and…
Matrix Analysis of Tracer Transport
Mills, Peter
We review matrix methods as applied to tracer transport. Because tracer transport is linear, matrix methods are an ideal fit for the problem. In particular, solutions of linear, first-order systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are reviewed as well as special properties of these solutions. Detailed derivations are included
Machining of Metal Matrix Composites
Machining of Metal Matrix Composites provides the fundamentals and recent advances in the study of machining of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Each chapter is written by an international expert in this important field of research. Machining of Metal Matrix Composites gives the reader information on machining of MMCs with a special emphasis on aluminium matrix composites. Chapter 1 provides the mechanics and modelling of chip formation for traditional machining processes. Chapter 2 is dedicated to surface integrity when machining MMCs. Chapter 3 describes the machinability aspects of MMCs. Chapter 4 contains information on traditional machining processes and Chapter 5 is dedicated to the grinding of MMCs. Chapter 6 describes the dry cutting of MMCs with SiC particulate reinforcement. Finally, Chapter 7 is dedicated to computational methods and optimization in the machining of MMCs. Machining of Metal Matrix Composites can serve as a useful reference for academics, manufacturing and materials researchers, manu...
Multivariate Matrix-Exponential Distributions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bladt, Mogens; Nielsen, Bo Friis
In this article we consider the distributions of non-negative random vectors with a joint rational Laplace transform, i.e., a fraction between two multi-dimensional polynomials. These distributions are in the univariate case known as matrix-exponential distributions, since their densities can be...... written as linear combinations of the elements in the exponential of a matrix. For this reason we shall refer to multivariate distributions with rational Laplace transform as multivariate matrix-exponential distributions (MVME). The marginal distributions of an MVME are univariate matrix......-exponential distributions. We prove a characterization that states that a distribution is an MVME distribution if and only if all non-negative, non-null linear combinations of the coordinates have a univariate matrix-exponential distribution. This theorem is analog to a well-known characterization theorem for the...
On interfuel substitution : some international evidence
Serletis, Apostolos; Timilsina, Govinda; Vasetsky, Olexandr
This paper estimates interfuel substitution elasticities in selected developing and industrialized economies at the national and sector levels. In doing so, it employs state-of-the-art techniques in microeconometrics, particularly the locally flexible normalized quadratic functional forms, and provides evidence consistent with neoclassical microeconomic theory. The results indicate that th...
Substitutional NaCl hydration in ice
Feibelman, Peter J.
Na+ and Cl- can replace water molecules in ice Ih with minimal lattice strain and without disrupting the crystal's H-bond network. First-principles calculations show that substitutional solvation is endothermic by as little as 0.49eV per ion pair. Interstitial ion solvation is less favorable by >1.5eV .
Synthesis of enantiopure 3-substituted morpholines
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bornholdt, Jan; Felding, Jakob; Kristensen, Jesper Langgaard
Enantiopure 3-substituted morpholines were assembled through ring-opening of a N-2-benzothiazolesulfonyl (Bts) activated aziridine with organocuprates followed by a ring annulation reaction with a vinylsulfonium salt under microwave conditions. Deprotection of the N-Bts group proceeds under very...
Equivalent substitution in the control theory
Proudnikov, Igor
A system of differential equations with control is considered. A rule for equivalent substitution of this system is given. The system of differential equations is changed for two systems with upper and lower approximation functions of a function on the right side of the initial system in a region of attainability.
A Partial Taxonomy of Substitutability and Interchangeability
Karakashian, Shant; Choueiry, Berthe Y; Prestwhich, Steven; Freuder, Eugene C
Substitutability, interchangeability and related concepts in Constraint Programming were introduced approximately twenty years ago and have given rise to considerable subsequent research. We survey this work, classify, and relate the different concepts, and indicate directions for future work, in particular with respect to making connections with research into symmetry breaking. This paper is a condensed version of a larger work in progress.
Capillary Electrophoresis of Substituted Benzoic Acids
Mills, Nancy S.; Spence, John D.; Bushey, Michelle M.
A series of substituted benzoic acids (SBAs) are prepared by students. The pKa shift, a result of the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating characteristics of the subsistent is examined in reference to the electrophoretic migration behavior of benzoic acid.
Antitrypanosomal Activities of Fluoroquinolones with Pyrrolidinyl Substitutions
Nenortas, Elizabeth; Kulikowicz, Tomasz; Burri, Christian; Shapiro, Theresa A.
Fluoroquinolones with pyrrolidinyl substitutions were tested against Trypanosoma brucei and mammalian cells. Bulky substituents at C-7 or a 1-2-bridging thiazolidine ring increased antitrypanosomal activity and selective toxicity. These compounds trap protein-DNA complexes and inhibit nucleic acid biosynthesis in trypanosomes, characteristics of topoisomerase II inhibition.
Law of substitution for mixed arrays
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The nuclear safety justification of a mixed array of dissimilar fissile units of metal units and dilute solution units, according to Clayton, has been a persistent and nagging problem. Dissimilar uranium metal or dissimilar uranium solution units in a mixed array can also create a modeling nightmare for the nuclear criticality safety engineer. Now, a calculational method known as the Law of Substitution has been developed to ensure that the k/sub eff/ of an array of uranium metal and uranium solution units will satisfy any k/sub eff/ limit set by the nuclear safety engineer. The nuclear criticality safety engineer can utilize the Law of Substitution to safely mix or substitute different uranium metal units, different uranium solution units, and more importantly, uranium metal and dilute UO2 solution units in an array. The Law of Substitution is as follows: (1) calculate the k/sub eff/ of each unit type in its own infinite planar array. (2) Determine the edge-to-edge spacing of the infinite planar array of each type of unit to satisfy a desired k/sub eff/. (3) Select the largest edge-to-edge spacing from among the similar units in their infinite planar arrays and use that spacing for the finite or infinite planar array of mixed units
Matrix ALPS: Accelerated Low Rank and Sparse Matrix Reconstruction
Kyrillidis, Anastasios
We propose Matrix ALPS for recovering a sparse plus low-rank decomposition of a matrix given its corrupted and incomplete linear measurements. Our approach is a first-order projected gradient method over non-convex sets, and it exploits a well-known memory-based acceleration technique. We theoretically characterize the convergence properties of Matrix ALPS using the stable embedding properties of the linear measurement operator. We then numerically illustrate that our algorithm outperforms the existing convex as well as non-convex state-of-the-art algorithms in computational efficiency without sacrificing stability.
Oehlmann, Dietmar; Ohlmann, Odile M.; Danzebrink, Hans U.
perform this exchange, as a matrix, understood as source, of new ideas.
Containment Code Validation Matrix
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) formed the CCVM (Containment Code Validation Matrix) task group in 2002. The objective of this group was to define a basic set of available experiments for code validation, covering the range of containment (ex-vessel) phenomena expected in the course of light and heavy water reactor design basis accidents and beyond design basis accidents/severe accidents. It was to consider phenomena relevant to pressurised heavy water reactor (PHWR), pressurised water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) designs of Western origin as well as of Eastern European VVER types. This work would complement the two existing CSNI validation matrices for thermal hydraulic code validation (NEA/CSNI/R(1993)14) and In-vessel core degradation (NEA/CSNI/R(2001)21). The report initially provides a brief overview of the main features of a PWR, BWR, CANDU and VVER reactors. It also provides an overview of the ex-vessel corium retention (core catcher). It then provides a general overview of the accident progression for light water and heavy water reactors. The main focus is to capture most of the phenomena and safety systems employed in these reactor types and to highlight the differences. This CCVM contains a description of 127 phenomena, broken down into 6 categories: - Containment Thermal-hydraulics Phenomena; - Hydrogen Behaviour (Combustion, Mitigation and Generation) Phenomena; - Aerosol and Fission Product Behaviour Phenomena; - Iodine Chemistry Phenomena; - Core Melt Distribution and Behaviour in Containment Phenomena; - Systems Phenomena. A synopsis is provided for each phenomenon, including a description, references for further information, significance for DBA and SA/BDBA and a list of experiments that may be used for code validation. The report identified 213 experiments, broken down into the same six categories (as done for the phenomena). An experiment synopsis is provided for each test. Along with a test description
Currency Substitution and Inflation in Peru Currency Substitution and Inflation in Peru
Liliana Rojas-Suarez
This paper shows that there is a long-run relationship between the expected rate of depreciation in the black-market-exchange rate and the ratio of domestic to foreign money in Peru: that is, the hypothesis of currency substitution can explain the behavior of real holdings of money in Peru. The paper also shows that, while, the importance of currency substitution as a transmission mechanism through which domestic policies affected the dynamics of inflation was relatively small during a period...
Currency Substitution and the Regressivity of Inflationary Taxation Currency Substitution and the Regressivity of Inflationary Taxation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Federico A. Sturzeneger
Full Text Available Currency Substitution and the Regressivity of Inflationary Taxation The purpose of this paper is to show that in the presence of financial adaptation or currency substitution. the inflation tax is extremely regressive. This regressivity arises from the existence of a fixed cost of switching to inflation-proof transactions technologies. This fixed cost makes it optimal only for those agents with sufficiently high incomes to switch out of domestic currency. The effects are illustrated and quantified for a particular case.
Manufacturing Titanium Metal Matrix Composites by Consolidating Matrix Coated Fibres
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Hua-Xin PENG
Titanium metal matrix composites (TiMMCs) reinforced by continuous silicon carbide fibres are being developed for aerospace applications. TiMMCs manufactured by the consolidation of matrix-coated fibre (MCF) method offer optimum properties because of the resulting uniform fibre distribution, minimum fibre damage and fibre volume fraction control. In this paper, the consolidation of Ti-6Al-4V matrix-coated SiC fibres during vacuum hot pressing has been investigated. Experiments were carried out on multi-ply MCFs under vacuum hot pressing (VHP). In contrast to most of existing studies, the fibre arrangement has been carefully controlled either in square or hexagonal arraysthroughout the consolidated sample. This has enabled the dynamic consolidation behaviour of MCFs to be demonstrated by eliminating the fibre re-arrangement during the VHP process. The microstructural evolution of the matrix coating was reported and the deformation mechanisms involved were discussed.
Substitution treatment for opioid addicts in Germany
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gerlach Ralf
Full Text Available Abstract Background After a long and controversial debate methadone maintenance treatment (MMT was first introduced in Germany in 1987. The number of patients in MMT – first low because of strict admission criteria – increased considerably since the 1990s up to some 65,000 at the end of 2006. In Germany each general practitioner (GP, who has completed an additional training in addiction medicine, is allowed to prescribe substitution drugs to opioid dependent patients. Currently 2,700 GPs prescribe substitution drugs. Psychosocial care should be made available to all MMT patients. Results The results of research studies and practical experiences clearly indicate that patients benefit substantially from MMT with improvements in physical and psychological health. MMT proves successful in attaining high retention rates (65 % to 85 % in the first years, up to 50 % after more than seven years and plays a major role in accessing and maintaining ongoing medical treatment for HIV and hepatitis. MMT is also seen as a vital factor in the process of social re-integration and it contributes to the reduction of drug related harms such as mortality and morbidity and to the prevention of infectious diseases. Some 10 % of MMT patients become drug-free in the long run. Methadone is the most commonly prescribed substitution medication in Germany, although buprenorphine is attaining rising importance. Access to MMT in rural areas is very patchy and still constitutes a problem. There are only few employment opportunities for patients participating in MMT, although regular employment is considered unanimously as a positive factor of treatment success. Substitution treatment in German prisons is heterogeneous in access and treatment modalities. Access is very patchy and the number of inmates in treatment is limited. Nevertheless, substitution treatment plays a substantial part in the health care system provided to drug users in Germany. Conclusion In Germany, a
The Substitution Secant/Finite Difference Method for Large Scale Sparse Unconstrained Optimization
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Hong-wei Zhang; Jun-xiang Li
This paper studies a substitution secant/finite difference (SSFD) method for solving large scale sparse unconstrained optimization problems. This method is a combination of a secant method and a finite difference method, which depends on a consistent partition of the columns of the lower triangular part of the Hessian matrix. A q-superlinear convergence result and an r-convergence rate estimate show that this method has good local convergence properties. The numerical results show that this method may be competitive with some currently used algorithms.
Measuring methods of matrix diffusion
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In Finland the spent nuclear fuel is planned to be disposed of at large depths in crystalline bedrock. The radionuclides which are dissolved in the groundwater may be able to diffuse into the micropores of the porous rock matrix and thus be withdrawn from the flowing water in the fractures. This phenomenon is called matrix diffusion. A review over matrix diffusion is presented in the study. The main interest is directed to the diffusion of non-sorbing species. The review covers diffusion experiments and measurements of porosity, pore size, specific surface area and water permeability
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We show how to represent a class of expressions involving discrete sums over partitions as matrix models. We apply this technique to the partition functions of 2* theories, i.e. Seiberg-Witten theories with the massive hypermultiplet in the adjoint representation. We consider theories in four, five, and six dimensions, and obtain new matrix models, respectively, of rational, trigonometric, and elliptic type. The matrix models for five- and six-dimensional U(1) theories are derived from the topological vertex construction related to curves of genus one and two.
Canonical density matrix perturbation theory.
Niklasson, Anders M N; Cawkwell, M J; Rubensson, Emanuel H; Rudberg, Elias
Density matrix perturbation theory [Niklasson and Challacombe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 193001 (2004)] is generalized to canonical (NVT) free-energy ensembles in tight-binding, Hartree-Fock, or Kohn-Sham density-functional theory. The canonical density matrix perturbation theory can be used to calculate temperature-dependent response properties from the coupled perturbed self-consistent field equations as in density-functional perturbation theory. The method is well suited to take advantage of sparse matrix algebra to achieve linear scaling complexity in the computational cost as a function of system size for sufficiently large nonmetallic materials and metals at high temperatures. PMID:26764847
Convergent synthesis of 6-substituted phenanthridines via anionic ring closure
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lysén, M.; Kristensen, Jesper Langgaard; Vedsø, P.; Begtrup, M.
Chemical equation presented The addition of organometallic derivatives to the cyano group of 2-(2-fluorophenyl)benzonitrile followed by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution produces 6-substituted phenanthridines. Alkyllithiums, aryllithiums, and sterically nondemanding lithium amides reacted ...
Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite: The next generation of bioactive coatings
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) coatings with three different Si compositions (0.8, 2.2 and 4.9 wt.%) were produced as thin films on titanium substrates by magnetron co-sputtering. Following heat-treatment, a crystalline, single-phase apatite structure was obtained for all coatings, as evidenced by the presence of characteristic peaks for HA in X-ray diffraction traces, and infrared absorption P-O and O-H bands. A human osteoblast-like (HOB) cell model was employed to assess the biocompatibility of these Si-HA coatings. Unsubstituted HA thin coatings were used as a control. The results demonstrated that Si-HA elicited a significantly more rapid growth response by the HOBs as compared to HA, although cells spread well on both coatings, with the formation of extracellular matrix. The cytoskeletons on Si-HA showed clear and distinct actin filaments that were parallel to the long axis of the cells. In contrast, a more diffuse actin cytoskeleton organisation was observed on HA. Biomineralisation was seen on both coatings after 42 days of culturing, with a higher level observed on the Si-HA samples. In conclusion, Si-HA offers great potential as a coating material for future medical applications in hard and soft tissue replacements
Secure Linear Transformation Based Cryptosystem using Dynamic Byte Substitution
Adi Narayana Reddy K; Vishnuvardhan B
Many classical cryptosystems are developed based on simple substitution. Hybrid cryptosystem using byte substitution and variable length sub key groups is a simple nonlinear algorithm but the cryptanalyst can find the length of each sub key group because the byte substitution is static and if the modulo prime number is small then byte substitution is limited to first few rows of S-box. In this paper an attempt is made to introduce the nonlinearity to the linear transformation based cryptosyst...
Branch points of substitutions and closing ordered Bratteli diagrams
Yassawi, Reem
We study stationary ordered Bratteli diagrams and give necessary and sufficient conditions for these orders to generate a continuous Vershik map. We apply this to finding adic representations for one sided substitution subshifts. We give an algorithm to find the branch points of a substitution, which have to be mapped to the minimal elements of such an ordering. We find adic representations for substitutions with one branch point, and also substitutions all of whose branch points are fixed.
Cohomology in one-dimensional substitution tiling spaces
Barge, Marcy; Diamond, Beverly
Anderson and Putnam showed that the cohomology of a substitution tiling space may be computed by collaring tiles to obtain a substitution which ``forces its border.'' One can then represent the tiling space as an inverse limit of an inflation and substitution map on a cellular complex formed from the collared tiles; the cohomology of the tiling space is computed as the direct limit of the homomorphism induced by inflation and substitution on the cohomology of the complex. For one-dimensional ...
The Use of Dermal Substitutes in Burn Surgery: Acute Phase
Shahrokhi, Shahriar; Anna, Arno; Marc G. Jeschke
Dermal substitutes are increasingly becoming an essential part of the burn care strategy. During the acute phase of burn treatment, dermal substitutes improve functional and cosmetic results long-term and thus increase quality of life. In the chronic wound setting, dermal substitutes are used to reconstruct and improve burn scars and other defects. Despite some successes in the use of dermal substitutes there are more needs and requirements to further improve outcomes and hence further resear...
Matrix product operators, matrix product states, and ab initio density matrix renormalization group algorithms.
Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic; Keselman, Anna; Nakatani, Naoki; Li, Zhendong; White, Steven R
Current descriptions of the ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm use two superficially different languages: an older language of the renormalization group and renormalized operators, and a more recent language of matrix product states and matrix product operators. The same algorithm can appear dramatically different when written in the two different vocabularies. In this work, we carefully describe the translation between the two languages in several contexts. First, we describe how to efficiently implement the ab initio DMRG sweep using a matrix product operator based code, and the equivalence to the original renormalized operator implementation. Next we describe how to implement the general matrix product operator/matrix product state algebra within a pure renormalized operator-based DMRG code. Finally, we discuss two improvements of the ab initio DMRG sweep algorithm motivated by matrix product operator language: Hamiltonian compression, and a sum over operators representation that allows for perfect computational parallelism. The connections and correspondences described here serve to link the future developments with the past and are important in the efficient implementation of continuing advances in ab initio DMRG and related algorithms. PMID:27394094
Matrix product operators, matrix product states, and ab initio density matrix renormalization group algorithms
Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic; Keselman, Anna; Nakatani, Naoki; Li, Zhendong; White, Steven R.
Current descriptions of the ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm use two superficially different languages: an older language of the renormalization group and renormalized operators, and a more recent language of matrix product states and matrix product operators. The same algorithm can appear dramatically different when written in the two different vocabularies. In this work, we carefully describe the translation between the two languages in several contexts. First, we describe how to efficiently implement the ab initio DMRG sweep using a matrix product operator based code, and the equivalence to the original renormalized operator implementation. Next we describe how to implement the general matrix product operator/matrix product state algebra within a pure renormalized operator-based DMRG code. Finally, we discuss two improvements of the ab initio DMRG sweep algorithm motivated by matrix product operator language: Hamiltonian compression, and a sum over operators representation that allows for perfect computational parallelism. The connections and correspondences described here serve to link the future developments with the past and are important in the efficient implementation of continuing advances in ab initio DMRG and related algorithms.
Bilateral matrix-exponential distributions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bladt, Mogens; Esparza, Luz Judith R; Nielsen, Bo Friis
In this article we define the classes of bilateral and multivariate bilateral matrix-exponential distributions. These distributions have support on the entire real space and have rational moment-generating functions. These distributions extend the class of bilateral phasetype distributions of [1......] and the class of multivariate matrix-exponential distributions of [9]. We prove a characterization theorem stating that a random variable has a bilateral multivariate distribution if and only if all linear combinations of the coordinates have a univariate bilateral matrix-exponential distribution. As...... an application we demonstrate that certain multivariate disions, which are governed by the underlying Markov jump process generating a phasetype distribution, have a bilateral matrix-exponential distribution at the time of absorption, see also [4]....
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set was taken from CRD 08-18 at the NEFSC. Specifically, the Gulf of Maine diet matrix was developed for the EMAX exercise described in that center...
Matrix Quantum Mechanics from Qubits
Hartnoll, Sean A; Mazenc, Edward A
We introduce a transverse field Ising model with order N^2 spins interacting via a nonlocal quartic interaction. The model has an O(N,Z), hyperoctahedral, symmetry. We show that the large N partition function admits a saddle point in which the symmetry is enhanced to O(N). We further demonstrate that this `matrix saddle' correctly computes large N observables at weak and strong coupling. The matrix saddle undergoes a continuous quantum phase transition at intermediate couplings. At the transition the matrix eigenvalue distribution becomes disconnected. The critical excitations are described by large N matrix quantum mechanics. At the critical point, the low energy excitations are waves propagating in an emergent 1+1 dimensional spacetime.
The reciprocal super Catalan matrix
Prodinger Helmut
The reciprocal super Catalan matrix has entries . Explicit formulæ for its LU-decomposition, the LU-decomposition of its inverse, and some related matrices are obtained. For all results, q-analogues are also presented.
[Breast-milk substitutes: past and present].
Rea, M F
The historical development of industrialized products used as breast-milk, substitutes a process begun in the 18th century, is studied. The marketing strategy currently adopted infant formula companies is stressed and the different commercial practices used in the search for new markets in third world countries are described. A warning is given as to the precise instructions giver for the use of the so-called breast-milk substitutes, and the attention of health professionals and consumer groups is called to the low level of awareness regarding this subject, a factor which led the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund to recommend the preparation of an appropriate marketing code and to its adoption by Brazil. PMID:2094955
An Aggregation Matrix MATLAB Function
Caleb Stair
This Technical Document describes the foundations for an aggregation matrix function implemented in MATLAB, including the format and structure of the required aggregation vector used as an argument to the function. The function is passed with the N-dimensional aggregation vector as an argument. The aggregation vector contains N values ranging from 1 to M, each of which is the aggregate index corresponding to the N pre-aggregation indices. The function returns an aggregation matrix with M rows...
Matrix analysis of electrical machinery
Hancock, N N
Matrix Analysis of Electrical Machinery, Second Edition is a 14-chapter edition that covers the systematic analysis of electrical machinery performance. This edition discusses the principles of various mathematical operations and their application to electrical machinery performance calculations. The introductory chapters deal with the matrix representation of algebraic equations and their application to static electrical networks. The following chapters describe the fundamentals of different transformers and rotating machines and present torque analysis in terms of the currents based on the p
Zambrzycka, Anna; Piotrowski, Edward W.
In this paper we give definitions of matrix rates of return which do not depend on the choice of basis describing baskets. We give their economic interpretation. The matrix rate of return describes baskets of arbitrary type and extends portfolio analysis to the complex variable domain. This allows us for simultaneous analysis of evolution of baskets parameterized by complex variables in both continuous and discrete time models.
Zambrzycka, A; Zambrzycka, Anna; Piotrowski, Edward W.
In this paper we give definitions of matrix rates of return which do not depend on the choice of basis describing baskets. We give their economic interpretation. The matrix rate of return describes baskets of arbitrary type and extends portfolio analysis to the complex variable domain. This allows us for simultaneous analysis of evolution of baskets parameterized by complex variables in both continuous and discrete time models.
Hyaluronan-Dependent Pericellular Matrix
Evanko, Stephen P.; Tammi, Markku I; Tammi, Raija H.; Wight, Thomas N.
Hyaluronan is a multifunctional glycosaminoglycan that forms the structural basis of the pericellular matrix. Hyaluronan is extruded directly through the plasma membrane by one of three hyaluronan synthases and anchored to the cell surface by the synthase or cell surface receptors such as CD44 or RHAMM. Aggregating proteoglycans and other hyaluronan-binding proteins, contribute to the material and biological properties of the matrix and regulate cell and tissue function. The pericellular matr...
Flows for rectangular matrix models
Lafrance, Rene; Myers, Robert C.
Several new results on the multicritical behavior of rectangular matrix models are presented. We calculate the free energy in the saddle point approximation, and show that at the triple-scaling point, the result is the same as that derived from the recursion formulae. In the triple-scaling limit, we obtain the string equation and a flow equation for arbitrary multicritical points. Parametric solutions are also examined for the limit of almost-square matrix models. This limit is shown to provi...
Staggered chiral random matrix theory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We present a random matrix theory for the staggered lattice QCD Dirac operator. The staggered random matrix theory is equivalent to the zero-momentum limit of the staggered chiral Lagrangian and includes all taste breaking terms at their leading order. This is an extension of previous work which only included some of the taste breaking terms. We will also present some results for the taste breaking contributions to the partition function and the Dirac eigenvalues.
Thermoplastic Matrix Composites from Towpregs
Silva, João; Nunes, João; Bernardo, C. A.; Marques, António
In recent years, continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites have been successfully employed in the aircraft, military and aerospace industries due to the excellent properties (Brandt et al. 1993 & Nunes et al 2005a). In these and many other commercial engineering applications, they can replace other materials, such as thermosetting matrix composites. However, the high cost of the impregnation of continuous fibre thermoplastic composites, arising from the meltin...
The matrix representation for the mathematic structure of Shannon's information measures
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
YUAN Yan-hua
Shannon's information measure is a crucial concept in Information Theory. And the research, for the mathematics structure of Shannon's information measure, is to recognize the essence of information measure.The linear relation between Shannon's information measures and some signed measure space by using the formal symbols substitution rule is discussed. Furthermore, the coefficient matrix recurrent formula of the linear relation is obtained. Then the coefficient matrix is proved to be invertible via mathematical induction. This shows that the linear relation is one-to-one, and according to this, it can be concluded that a compact space can be generated from Shannon's information measures.
Matrix measure based dissipativity analysis for inertial delayed uncertain neural networks.
Tu, Zhengwen; Cao, Jinde; Hayat, Tasawar
The present paper is devoted to investigating the global dissipativity for inertial neural networks with time-varying delays and parameter uncertainties. By virtue of a suitable substitution, the original system is transformed to the first order differential system. By means of matrix measure, generalized Halanay inequality, and matrix-norm inequality, several sufficient criteria for the global dissipativity of the addressed neural networks are proposed. Meanwhile, the specific estimations of positive invariant sets and globally attractive sets are obtained. Finally, two examples are provided to validate our theoretical results. PMID:26708738
Corrections for matrix effects in X-ray fluorescence analysis-A tutorial
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper presents the basic concepts of the mathematical correction for matrix effects in X-ray fluorescence analysis. The emphasis is placed on the correction factor for matrix effects and its quantification. This correction factor is calculated using mathematical models proposed by Lachance-Traill, Claisse-Quintin and Rousseau, which can be applied in practice via an efficient calibration procedure. Each variable in these models is clearly identified so that specific numerical values can easily be substituted for calculation. This paper describes and emphasizes the application of the most effective existing models
Substitute Addiction: A Concern for Researchers and Practitioners
Sussman, Steve; Black, David S.
An understanding of the role of substitute addictions remains unclear. This article examines the range and possible reward functions of substitute addictions. We suggest that prevention education and treatment need to take into account substitute addictions as an influential aspect of recovery. Research is needed to better understand the…
40 CFR 721.575 - Substituted alkyl halide.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted alkyl halide. 721.575... Substances § 721.575 Substituted alkyl halide. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified generically as substituted alkyl halide (PMN P-83-1222)...
40 CFR 721.3435 - Butoxy-substituted ether alkane.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Butoxy-substituted ether alkane. 721... Substances § 721.3435 Butoxy-substituted ether alkane. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified generically as butoxy-substituted ether...
19 CFR 122.86 - Substitution of aircraft.
... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Substitution of aircraft. 122.86 Section 122.86... Substitution of aircraft. (a) Application. The residue cargo procedure applies when an airline must substitute aircraft to reach a destination due to weather conditions or operational factors which prevent an...
40 CFR 721.4365 - Substituted ethoxylated hydrocarbon (generic).
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted ethoxylated hydrocarbon... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.4365 Substituted ethoxylated hydrocarbon (generic). (a) Chemical... as Substituted ethoxylated hydrocarbon (PMN P-99-0313) is subject to reporting under this section...
40 CFR 721.10043 - Dineopentyl-4-substituted phthalate (generic).
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Dineopentyl-4-substituted phthalate... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.10043 Dineopentyl-4-substituted phthalate (generic). (a) Chemical... as dineopentyl-4-substituted phthalate (PMN P-02-697) is subject to reporting under this section...
48 CFR 28.203-4 - Substitution of assets.
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Substitution of assets. 28... assets. An individual surety may request the Government to accept a substitute asset for that currently... may agree to the substitution of assets upon determining, after consultation with legal counsel,...
76 FR 8666 - Substitution in Case of Death of Claimant
... scope of substitution and would be consistent with the language of the Act. Section 3.1010(g)(1) would... other members of a joint class, if any. Second, paragraph (g)(2) would specify that past-due benefits...) through (5) may substitute for the deceased substitute but only if the person requesting the...
40 CFR 721.5546 - Halogen substituted oxetanes (generic).
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Halogen substituted oxetanes (generic... Substances § 721.5546 Halogen substituted oxetanes (generic). (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substances identified generically as halogen substituted...
40 CFR 721.2025 - Substituted phenylimino carbamate derivative.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted phenylimino carbamate... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.2025 Substituted phenylimino carbamate derivative. (a) Chemical... as a substituted phenylimino carbamate derivative (PMN P-91-487) is subject to reporting under...
40 CFR 721.4594 - Substituted azo metal complex dye.
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Substituted azo metal complex dye. 721... Substances § 721.4594 Substituted azo metal complex dye. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified generically as a substituted azo metal...
Spin Reorientation in Substituted Barium Ferrite
Greneche, J.; Randrianantoandro, N.; Y. Labaye; Boust, F.; Flavin, E.; Pascard, H.
The structural transformation of substituted hexagonal ferrite powders BaFe10CoTiO19 prepared by mechanical milling, was investigated as a function of grinding time by means of Mössbauer spectrometry and static magnetic measurements. A spin reorientation is clearly evidenced from the temperature dependence of the hyperfine parameters and of the initial magnetic permeability on the powder mechanically treated for 23h.
Sugar substitutes: Health controversy over perceived benefits
Tandel, Kirtida R.
Sugar is an inseparable part of the food we consume. But too much sugar is not ideal for our teeth and waistline. There have been some controversial suggestions that excessive sugar may play an important role in certain degenerative diseases. So artificial sweeteners or artificially sweetened products continue to attract consumers. A sugar substitute (artificial sweetener) is a food additive that duplicates the effect of sugar in taste, but usually has less food energy. Besides its benefits, ...
Interfuel Substitution in the United States
Serletis, Apostolos; Timilsina, Govinda R.; Vasetsky, Olexandr
In this paper, we use the locally flexible translog functional form to investigate the demand for energy and interfuel substitution in the United States and to provide a comparison of our results with most of the existing empirical energy demand literature. Motivated by the widespread practice of ignoring theoretical regularity, we follow Barnett's (2002) suggestions and estimate the model subject to theoretical regularity, using methods developed by Diewert and Wales (1987) and Ryan and Wale...
Substitution biases in price indices during transition
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Hanousek, Jan; Filer, Randall K.
Roč. 21, č. 2 (2004), s. 167-177. ISSN 0167-8000 R&D Projects: GA MŠk ME 595 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7085904 Keywords : price liberalization * substitution bias * transition economies Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=17109091&site=ehost-live
Application of Substitutional Model in Oxide Systems
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
The application of substitutional model in oxide systems, in comparison with that of sublattice model, is discussed.The results show that in the case of crystalline phases and liquid phases without molecular-like associates or theshortage of element in sublattice, these two models get consistent in the description of the formalism of Gibbs freeenergies of phases and obtain the same result of phase diagram calculation when the valence of the cations keep thesame.
Biological activities of substituted trichostatic acid derivatives
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Cédric Charrier; Joëlle Roche; Jean-Pierre Gesson; Philippe Bertrand
New substituted trichostatic acid derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities towards the H661 non-small lung cancer cell line. These syntheses were achieved by alkylation of propiophenones to introduce the side chain with a terminal precursor of hydroxamic acid and aminobenzamide derivatives. The first fluorinated derivatives of trichostatic acid are described, such as 6-fluoro trichostatin A, with antiproliferative activities in the micromolar range and with histone deacetylase inhibitory activity.
Intertemporal Substitution, Money, and Aggregate Labor Supply.
Donald H. Dutkowsky; Dunsky, Robert M
This study investigates the macroeconometric credibility of the intertemporal substitution hypothesis. It extends the usual formulation by considering money within the representative consumer's life cycle decision. The authors also provide measures of the real wage rate and asset returns based upon interpretation of the constraint as consumption-saving behavior. Estimation with quarterly U.S. data generates plausible and significant estimates of the structural parameters. The findings indicat...
Convergence substitution for paralysed horizontal gaze.
Beigi, B.; O'Keeffe, M; Logan, P; Eustace, P.
Three patients with paralysed horizontal gaze are presented. Involuntary use of convergence to assist horizontal gaze was noted as a late feature. All patients showed (1) unilateral or bilateral horizontal gaze palsy (two patients had one and a half syndrome, the other had bilateral nuclear sixth nerve palsies), (2) adduction of both eyes on attempted gaze into the paralysed field, (3) miosis which coincided with adduction. Convergence substitution should be considered in the differential dia...
Preparation and characterization of selenite substituted hydroxyapatite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Selenite-substituted hydroxyapatite (Se-HA) with different Se/P ratios was synthesized by a co-precipitation method, using sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) as a Se source. Selenium has been incorporated into the hydroxyapatite lattice by partially replacing phosphate (PO43−) groups with selenite (SeO32−) groups. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques reveal that substitutions of phosphate groups by selenite groups cause lower carbonate groups occupying at phosphate sites and change the lattice parameters of hydroxyapatite. The powders obtained are nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite when the Se/P ratios are not more than 0.1. The particle shape of Se-HA has not been altered compared with selenite-free hydroxyapatite but Se-incorporation reduces the crystallite size. The crystallinity was reduced as the Se/P ratios increased until amorphous phase (Se/P = 0.3) appeared in the Se-HA powder obtained, and then another crystal phase presented as calcium selenite hydrate (Se/P = 10). In addition, the sintering tests show that the Se-HA powders with the Se/P ratio of 0.1 have thermal stability at 900 °C for 2 h; hence they have great potential in the fabrication of bone repair scaffolds. - Highlights: ► We investigate the Se/P ratio for the synthesis of selenium substituted HA. ► Nano-crystalline HA structure is remained when Se/P ratio is below 0.1. ► Calcium selenite hydrate forms when Se/P ratio is beyond 10. ► Selenite substituted HA powders (Se/P < 0.1) are stable at 900 °C for 2 h.
On the Practical Limits to Substitution
Ayres, R U
This paper began as a commentary on a draft paper by Pezzey and Toman on the economics of sustainability (Pezzey and Toman 2002), although it has evolved considerably since then. The authors characterize economists' views on the potential for substitution of man-made capital for natural capital as a continuum between the strongly neoclassical positions of Solow and Weitzman, at one extreme and the "entropy pessimists", notably Georgescu-Roegen and Daly, at the other. Solow has argued that man...
Corrosion of ceramic matrix composites
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Scanu, T. (ONERA-OM, 92 Chatillon (France) LASIR, CNRS, 94 Thiais (France)); Colomban, P. (ONERA-OM, 92 Chatillon (France) LASIR, CNRS, 94 Thiais (France))
Air stable ceramic matrix composites are promising for thermostructural applications such as aircraft engine parts. Turbine parts are subject to both sulphuric acid and sodium molten salts corrosion due to sulphate traces in engine fuel and to the NaCl air content. The chemical stability is a very important criterion but this point has not received much attention to date. We report here a study of acidic and sodium corrosion of various aluminosilicate matrices : LAS matrices (Li[sub 2]OAl[sub 2]O[sub 3]2-6SiO[sub 2],nP[sub 2]O[sub 5]) in the amorphous, [beta] eucryptite and [beta] spodumene forms, BAS matrix (BaOAl[sub 2]O[sub 3]2SiO[sub 2]) in the form of monoclinic and hexagonal celsian, NASICON matrix (Na[sub 3]Zr[sub 2]Si[sub 2]PO[sub 12]) and mullite matrix. Microstructure damages and ion exchange have been analysed by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption, scanning electron microscopy and Raman microprobe. Drastic corrosion is observed for [beta] spodumene containing composites with the formation of strong hydrogen bond or with the cell expansion due to Li/Na[sup +] exchange. Medium acidic attack occurs for glassy LAS, [beta] eucryptite, BAS and NASICON matrix composites. On the other hand, [beta] eucryptite, NASICON and monoclinic celsian resist to alkaline melts. Mullite matrix composites are never corroded. (orig.).
Corrosion of ceramic matrix composites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Air stable ceramic matrix composites are promising for thermostructural applications such as aircraft engine parts. Turbine parts are subject to both sulphuric acid and sodium molten salts corrosion due to sulphate traces in engine fuel and to the NaCl air content. The chemical stability is a very important criterion but this point has not received much attention to date. We report here a study of acidic and sodium corrosion of various aluminosilicate matrices : LAS matrices (Li2OAl2O32-6SiO2,nP2O5) in the amorphous, β eucryptite and β spodumene forms, BAS matrix (BaOAl2O32SiO2) in the form of monoclinic and hexagonal celsian, NASICON matrix (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) and mullite matrix. Microstructure damages and ion exchange have been analysed by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption, scanning electron microscopy and Raman microprobe. Drastic corrosion is observed for β spodumene containing composites with the formation of strong hydrogen bond or with the cell expansion due to Li/Na+ exchange. Medium acidic attack occurs for glassy LAS, β eucryptite, BAS and NASICON matrix composites. On the other hand, β eucryptite, NASICON and monoclinic celsian resist to alkaline melts. Mullite matrix composites are never corroded. (orig.)
Grassi, Alba
Some matrix models admit, on top of the usual 't Hooft expansion, an M-theory-like expansion, i.e. an expansion at large N but where the rest of the parameters are fixed, instead of scaling with N. These models, which we call M-theoretic matrix models, appear in the localization of Chern-Simons-matter theories, and also in two-dimensional statistical physics. Generically, their partition function receives non-perturbative corrections which are not captured by the 't Hooft expansion. In this paper, we discuss general aspects of these type of matrix integrals and we analyze in detail two different examples. The first one is the matrix model computing the partition function of N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in three dimensions with one adjoint hypermultiplet and N_f fundamentals, which has a conjectured M-theory dual, and which we call the N_f matrix model. The second one, which we call the polymer matrix model, computes form factors of the 2d Ising model and is related to the physics of 2d polymers. In bo...
Interfuel substitution in the United States
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Serletis, Apostolos; Vasetsky, Olexandr [Department of Economics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Canada); Timilsina, Govinda R. [Development Research Group, The World Bank, 1818 H Street N.W., Washington, DC 20433 (United States)
In this paper, we use the locally flexible translog functional form to investigate the demand for energy and interfuel substitution in the United States and to provide a comparison of our results with most of the existing empirical energy demand literature. Motivated by the widespread practice of ignoring theoretical regularity, we follow Barnett's (2002) suggestions and estimate the model subject to theoretical regularity, using methods developed by Diewert and Wales (1987) and Ryan and Wales (2000), in an attempt to produce inference consistent with neoclassical microeconomic theory. Moreover, we use the most recent data, published by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), and in addition to investigating interfuel substitution possibilities in total U.S. energy demand, we follow Serletis et al. (2009) and also examine interfuel substitution possibilities in energy demand by sector. Moreover, we test for weak separability, with the objective of discovering the structure of the functional form in total energy demand as well as energy demand by sector. (author)
Asymptotic structure in substitution tiling spaces
Barge, Marcy
Every sufficiently regular space of tilings of $\\R^d$ has at least one pair of distinct tilings that are asymptotic under translation in all the directions of some open $(d-1)$-dimensional hemisphere. If the tiling space comes from a substitution, there is a way of defining a location on such tilings at which asymptoticity `starts'. This leads to the definition of the {\\em branch locus} of the tiling space: this is a subspace of the tiling space, of dimension at most $d-1$, that summarizes the `asymptotic in at least a half-space' behavior in the tiling space. We prove that if a $d$-dimensional self-similar substitution tiling space has a pair of distinct tilings that are asymptotic in a set of directions that contains a closed $(d-1)$-hemisphere in its interior, then the branch locus is a topological invariant of the tiling space. If the tiling space is a 2-dimensional self-similar Pisot substitution tiling space, the branch locus has a description as an inverse limit of an expanding Markov map on a 1-dimens...
A new strategy for the decellularisation of large equine tendons as biocompatible tendon substitutes.
Bottagisio, M; Pellegata, A F; Boschetti, F; Ferroni, M; Moretti, M; Lovati, A B
Tendon ruptures and/or large losses remain to be a great clinical challenge and often require full replacement of the damaged tissue. The use of auto- and allografts or engineered scaffolds is an established approach to restore severe tendon injuries. However, these grafts are commonly related to scarce biocompatibility, site morbidity, chronic inflammation and poor biomechanical properties. Recently, the decellularisation techniques of allo- or xenografts using specific detergents have been studied and have been found to generate biocompatible substitutes that resemble the native tissue. This study aims to identify a novel decellularisation protocol for large equine tendons that would produce an extracellular matrix scaffold suitable for the regeneration of injured tendons in humans. Specifically, equine tendons were treated either with tri (n-butyl) phosphate alone, or associated to multiple concentrations of peracetic acid (1, 3 and 5 %), which has never before been tested in vitro.Samples were then analysed by histology and with biochemical, biomechanical, and cytotoxicity tests. The best decellularisation protocol, resulting from these examinations, was selected and the chosen scaffold was re-seeded with murine fibroblasts. Resulting grafts were tested for cell viability, histologic analysis, DNA and collagen content. The results identified 1 % tri (n-butyl) phosphate combined with 3 % peracetic acid as the most suitable decellularised matrix in terms of biochemical and biomechanical properties. Moreover, the non-cytotoxic nature of the decellularised matrix allowed for good fibroblast reseeding, thus demonstrating a biocompatible matrix that will be suitable for tendon tissue engineering and hopefully as substitutes in severe tendon damages. PMID:27386840
SVD row or column symmetric matrix
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
A new architecture for row or column symmetric matrix called extended matrix is defined, and a precise correspondence of the singular values and singular vectors between the extended matrix and its original (namely, the mother matrix) is derived. As an illustration of potential, we show that, for a class of extended matrices, the singular value decomposition using the mother matrix rather than the extended matrix per se can save the CPU time and memory without loss of numerical precision.
Analysis of innovative matrix systems for continuous fiber reinforced plastics in RTM process
Bosch Herrero, Mariona
The use of lightweight and high-performance materials is nowadays one of the main challenge for the global automotive industry. Companies are forced to look for new ways to design and manufacture a commercially viable lightweight vehicle in order to meet stringent carbon emissions targets and offer highly fuel efficient vehicles to the consumer while maintaining structural performance. The use of polymer matrix composites in substitution of the present metal components remains a top priority....
Nanosized silver?anionic clay matrix as nanostructured ensembles with antimicrobial activity
Carja, Gabriela; Kameshima, Yoshikazu; Nakajima, Akira; Dranca, Cristian; Okada, Kiyoshi
Abstract Nanostructured ensembles of silver nanoparticles/zinc-substituted anionic clay matrix (Ag/ZnLDH) were obtained by a simple synthetic route in which reconstruction of the layered clay, synthesis of the silver nanoparticles and their organisation on the clay surface took place in a single step at room temperature. The morphology, composition and phase structure of the prepared powders were characterised by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron micro...
Derivation of an amino acid similarity matrix for peptide:MHC binding and its application as a Bayesian prior
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sette Alessandro
Full Text Available Abstract Background Experts in peptide:MHC binding studies are often able to estimate the impact of a single residue substitution based on a heuristic understanding of amino acid similarity in an experimental context. Our aim is to quantify this measure of similarity to improve peptide:MHC binding prediction methods. This should help compensate for holes and bias in the sequence space coverage of existing peptide binding datasets. Results Here, a novel amino acid similarity matrix (PMBEC is directly derived from the binding affinity data of combinatorial peptide mixtures. Like BLOSUM62, this matrix captures well-known physicochemical properties of amino acid residues. However, PMBEC differs markedly from existing matrices in cases where residue substitution involves a reversal of electrostatic charge. To demonstrate its usefulness, we have developed a new peptide:MHC class I binding prediction method, using the matrix as a Bayesian prior. We show that the new method can compensate for missing information on specific residues in the training data. We also carried out a large-scale benchmark, and its results indicate that prediction performance of the new method is comparable to that of the best neural network based approaches for peptide:MHC class I binding. Conclusion A novel amino acid similarity matrix has been derived for peptide:MHC binding interactions. One prominent feature of the matrix is that it disfavors substitution of residues with opposite charges. Given that the matrix was derived from experimentally determined peptide:MHC binding affinity measurements, this feature is likely shared by all peptide:protein interactions. In addition, we have demonstrated the usefulness of the matrix as a Bayesian prior in an improved scoring-matrix based peptide:MHC class I prediction method. A software implementation of the method is available at: http://www.mhc-pathway.net/smmpmbec.
The Astrobiology Matrix and the "Drake Matrix" in Education
Mizser, A.; Kereszturi, A.
We organized astrobiology lectures in the Eotvos Lorand University of Sciences and the Polaris Observatory in 2002. We present here the "Drake matrix" for the comparison of the astrobiological potential of different bodies [1], and astrobiology matrix for the visualization of the interdisciplinary connections between different fields of astrobiology. Conclusion: In Hungary it is difficult to integrate astrobiology in the education system but the great advantage is that it can connect different scientific fields and improve the view of students. We would like to get in contact with persons and organizations who already have experience in the education of astrobiology.
A survey of matrix theory and matrix inequalities
Marcus, Marvin
Written for advanced undergraduate students, this highly regarded book presents an enormous amount of information in a concise and accessible format. Beginning with the assumption that the reader has never seen a matrix before, the authors go on to provide a survey of a substantial part of the field, including many areas of modern research interest.Part One of the book covers not only the standard ideas of matrix theory, but ones, as the authors state, ""that reflect our own prejudices,"" among them Kronecker products, compound and induced matrices, quadratic relations, permanents, incidence
Currency Substitution and Inflation in Peru Currency Substitution and Inflation in Peru
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Liliana Rojas-Suarez
Full Text Available This paper shows that there is a long-run relationship between the expected rate of depreciation in the black-market-exchange rate and the ratio of domestic to foreign money in Peru: that is, the hypothesis of currency substitution can explain the behavior of real holdings of money in Peru. The paper also shows that, while, the importance of currency substitution as a transmission mechanism through which domestic policies affected the dynamics of inflation was relatively small during a period of high but relatively stable inflation (January 1978-85, it became an important factor in the inflation process during the recent hyperinflation episode. Currency Substitution and Inflation in Peru
Matrix factorizations and elliptic fibrations
Omer, Harun
I use matrix factorizations to describe branes at simple singularities of elliptic fibrations. Each node of the corresponding Dynkin diagrams of the ADE-type singularities is associated with one indecomposable matrix factorization which can be deformed into one or more factorizations of lower rank. Branes with internal fluxes arise naturally as bound states of the indecomposable factorizations. Describing branes in such a way avoids the need to resolve singularities. This paper looks at gauge group breaking from E8 fibers down to SU (5) fibers due to the relevance of such fibrations for local F-theory GUT models. A purpose of this paper is to understand how the deformations of the singularity are understood in terms of its matrix factorizations. By systematically factorizing the elliptic fiber equation, this paper discusses geometries which are relevant for building semi-realistic local models. In the process it becomes evident that breaking patterns which are identical at the level of the Kodaira type of the fibers can be inequivalent at the level of matrix factorizations. Therefore the matrix factorization picture supplements information which the conventional less detailed descriptions lack.
Octonionic matrix representation and electromagnetism
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chanyal, B. C. [Kumaun University, S. S. J. Campus, Almora (India)
Keeping in mind the important role of octonion algebra, we have obtained the electromagnetic field equations of dyons with an octonionic 8 x 8 matrix representation. In this paper, we consider the eight - dimensional octonionic space as a combination of two (external and internal) four-dimensional spaces for the existence of magnetic monopoles (dyons) in a higher-dimensional formalism. As such, we describe the octonion wave equations in terms of eight components from the 8 x 8 matrix representation. The octonion forms of the generalized potential, fields and current source of dyons in terms of 8 x 8 matrix are discussed in a consistent manner. Thus, we have obtained the generalized Dirac-Maxwell equations of dyons from an 8x8 matrix representation of the octonion wave equations in a compact and consistent manner. The generalized Dirac-Maxwell equations are fully symmetric Maxwell equations and allow for the possibility of magnetic charges and currents, analogous to electric charges and currents. Accordingly, we have obtained the octonionic Dirac wave equations in an external field from the matrix representation of the octonion-valued potentials of dyons.
Matrix factorizations and elliptic fibrations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Harun Omer
Full Text Available I use matrix factorizations to describe branes at simple singularities of elliptic fibrations. Each node of the corresponding Dynkin diagrams of the ADE-type singularities is associated with one indecomposable matrix factorization which can be deformed into one or more factorizations of lower rank. Branes with internal fluxes arise naturally as bound states of the indecomposable factorizations. Describing branes in such a way avoids the need to resolve singularities. This paper looks at gauge group breaking from E8 fibers down to SU(5 fibers due to the relevance of such fibrations for local F-theory GUT models. A purpose of this paper is to understand how the deformations of the singularity are understood in terms of its matrix factorizations. By systematically factorizing the elliptic fiber equation, this paper discusses geometries which are relevant for building semi-realistic local models. In the process it becomes evident that breaking patterns which are identical at the level of the Kodaira type of the fibers can be inequivalent at the level of matrix factorizations. Therefore the matrix factorization picture supplements information which the conventional less detailed descriptions lack.
Characterization of the inflammatory response to four commercial bone graft substitutes using a murine biocompatibility model
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Markel DC
Full Text Available David C Markel1, S Trent Guthrie2, Bin Wu3, Zheng Song4, Paul H Wooley41Department of Orthopaedics, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, MI, 2Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 4Orthopaedic Research Institute, Wichita, KS, USAAbstract: Bone grafting is utilized in nearly all orthopedic subspecialties and in most anatomic regions. Bone graft substitutes have the potential to offer similar efficacy as autogenous grafts without the morbidity of harvest. Several studies have noted the efficacy of new-generation bone substitute products, but few studies have evaluated their safety. This study characterizes and quantifies the inflammatory reaction to four different commercially available bone graft substitutes, which were examined using the in vivo murine air pouch biocompatibility model. One coralline hydroxyapatite product was chosen as an example of a purely osteoconductive material. Three demineralized bone matrix products were chosen to represent products that are both osteoconductive and osteoinductive. Samples were implanted in a murine air pouch and harvested after 14 days in situ. Pouch fluid was extracted, mRNA isolated, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions carried out to detect interleukin-1 gene expression as a marker for inflammation. In addition, multiple histological characteristics were examined to quantify cellular responses to the implanted materials. All bone graft substitutes induced a significant inflammatory response compared with negative controls. Histology and polymerase chain reaction data indicated that the level of inflammatory reaction was elevated in materials with a higher demineralized bone matrix to carrier proportion. The hydroxyapatite product generated a low inflammatory reaction. In conclusion, this study used an in vivo model of biocompatibility to demonstrate that a significant inflammatory reaction occurs
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For almost thirty years, sequential R-matrix computation has been used by atomic physics research groups, from around the world, to model collision phenomena involving the scattering of electrons or positrons with atomic or molecular targets. As considerable progress has been made in the understanding of fundamental scattering processes, new data, obtained from more complex calculations, is of current interest to experimentalists. Performing such calculations, however, places considerable demands on the computational resources to be provided by the target machine, in terms of both processor speed and memory requirement. Indeed, in some instances the computational requirements are so great that the proposed R-matrix calculations are intractable, even when utilising contemporary classic supercomputers. Historically, increases in the computational requirements of R-matrix computation were accommodated by porting the problem codes to a more powerful classic supercomputer. Although this approach has been successful in the past, it is no longer considered to be a satisfactory solution due to the limitations of current (and future) Von Neumann machines. As a consequence, there has been considerable interest in the high performance multicomputers, that have emerged over the last decade which appear to offer the computational resources required by contemporary R-matrix research. Unfortunately, developing codes for these machines is not as simple a task as it was to develop codes for successive classic supercomputers. The difficulty arises from the considerable differences in the computing models that exist between the two types of machine and results in the programming of multicomputers to be widely acknowledged as a difficult, time consuming and error-prone task. Nevertheless, unless parallel R-matrix computation is realised, important theoretical and experimental atomic physics research will continue to be hindered. This thesis describes work that was undertaken in
Raju, Suvrat
As a simple example of how recently developed on-shell techniques apply to nonlocal theories, we study the S-matrix of noncommutative gauge theories. In the complex plane, this S-matrix has essential singularities that signal the nonlocal behavior of the theory. In spite of this, we show that tree-level amplitudes may be obtained by BCFW type recursion relations. At one loop we find a complete basis of master integrals (this basis is larger than the corresponding basis in the ordinary theory). Any one-loop noncommutative amplitude may be written as a linear combination of these integrals with coefficients that we relate to products of tree amplitudes. We show that the noncommutative Script N = 4 SYM theory has a structurally simple S-matrix, just like the ordinary Script N = 4 SYM theory.
Extracellular matrix in ovarian follicles.
Rodgers, R J; Irving-Rodgers, H F; van Wezel, I L
A lot is known about the control of the development of ovarian follicles by growth factors and hormones, but less is known about the roles of extracellular matrix in the control of follicular growth and development. In this review we focus on the specialized extracellular matrix of the basal laminas that are present in ovarian follicles. These include the follicular basal lamina itself, the Call-Exner bodies of the membrana granulosa, the subendothelial and arteriole smooth muscle basal laminas in the theca, and the basal lamina-like material of the thecal matrix. We discuss the evidence that during follicle development the follicular basal lamina changes in composition, that many of its components are produced by the granulosa cells, and that the follicular basal laminas of different follicles have different ultrastructural appearances, linked to the shape of the aligning granulosa cells. All these studies suggest that the follicular basal lamina is extremely dynamic during follicular development. PMID:10963877
Annonaceae substitution rates: a codon model perspective
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lars Willem Chatrou
Full Text Available The Annonaceae includes cultivated species of economic interest and represents an important source of information for better understanding the evolution of tropical rainforests. In phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data that are used to address evolutionary questions, it is imperative to use appropriate statistical models. Annonaceae are cases in point: Two sister clades, the subfamilies Annonoideae and Malmeoideae, contain the majority of Annonaceae species diversity. The Annonoideae generally show a greater degree of sequence divergence compared to the Malmeoideae, resulting in stark differences in branch lengths in phylogenetic trees. Uncertainty in how to interpret and analyse these differences has led to inconsistent results when estimating the ages of clades in Annonaceae using molecular dating techniques. We ask whether these differences may be attributed to inappropriate modelling assumptions in the phylogenetic analyses. Specifically, we test for (clade-specific differences in rates of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions. A high ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions may lead to similarity of DNA sequences due to convergence instead of common ancestry, and as a result confound phylogenetic analyses. We use a dataset of three chloroplast genes (rbcL, matK, ndhF for 129 species representative of the family. We find that differences in branch lengths between major clades are not attributable to different rates of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions. The differences in evolutionary rate between the major clades of Annonaceae pose a challenge for current molecular dating techniques that should be seen as a warning for the interpretation of such results in other organisms.
Matrix model approach to cosmology
Chaney, A.; Lu, Lei; Stern, A.
We perform a systematic search for rotationally invariant cosmological solutions to toy matrix models. These models correspond to the bosonic sector of Lorentzian Ishibashi, Kawai, Kitazawa and Tsuchiya (IKKT)-type matrix models in dimensions d less than ten, specifically d =3 and d =5 . After taking a continuum (or commutative) limit they yield d -1 dimensional Poisson manifolds. The manifolds have a Lorentzian induced metric which can be associated with closed, open, or static space-times. For d =3 , we obtain recursion relations from which it is possible to generate rotationally invariant matrix solutions which yield open universes in the continuum limit. Specific examples of matrix solutions have also been found which are associated with closed and static two-dimensional space-times in the continuum limit. The solutions provide for a resolution of cosmological singularities, at least within the context of the toy matrix models. The commutative limit reveals other desirable features, such as a solution describing a smooth transition from an initial inflation to a noninflationary era. Many of the d =3 solutions have analogues in higher dimensions. The case of d =5 , in particular, has the potential for yielding realistic four-dimensional cosmologies in the continuum limit. We find four-dimensional de Sitter d S4 or anti-de Sitter AdS4 solutions when a totally antisymmetric term is included in the matrix action. A nontrivial Poisson structure is attached to these manifolds which represents the lowest order effect of noncommutativity. For the case of AdS4 , we find one particular limit where the lowest order noncommutativity vanishes at the boundary, but not in the interior.
Supersymmetry in random matrix theory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
I study the applications of supersymmetry in random matrix theory. I generalize the supersymmetry method and develop three new approaches to calculate eigenvalue correlation functions. These correlation functions are averages over ratios of characteristic polynomials. In the first part of this thesis, I derive a relation between integrals over anti-commuting variables (Grassmann variables) and differential operators with respect to commuting variables. With this relation I rederive Cauchy- like integral theorems. As a new application I trace the supermatrix Bessel function back to a product of two ordinary matrix Bessel functions. In the second part, I apply the generalized Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation to arbitrary rotation invariant ensembles of real symmetric and Hermitian self-dual matrices. This extends the approach for unitarily rotation invariant matrix ensembles. For the k-point correlation functions I derive supersymmetric integral expressions in a unifying way. I prove the equivalence between the generalized Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation and the superbosonization formula. Moreover, I develop an alternative mapping from ordinary space to superspace. After comparing the results of this approach with the other two supersymmetry methods, I obtain explicit functional expressions for the probability densities in superspace. If the probability density of the matrix ensemble factorizes, then the generating functions exhibit determinantal and Pfaffian structures. For some matrix ensembles this was already shown with help of other approaches. I show that these structures appear by a purely algebraic manipulation. In this new approach I use structures naturally appearing in superspace. I derive determinantal and Pfaffian structures for three types of integrals without actually mapping onto superspace. These three types of integrals are quite general and, thus, they are applicable to a broad class of matrix ensembles. (orig.)
Supersymmetry in random matrix theory
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kieburg, Mario
I study the applications of supersymmetry in random matrix theory. I generalize the supersymmetry method and develop three new approaches to calculate eigenvalue correlation functions. These correlation functions are averages over ratios of characteristic polynomials. In the first part of this thesis, I derive a relation between integrals over anti-commuting variables (Grassmann variables) and differential operators with respect to commuting variables. With this relation I rederive Cauchy- like integral theorems. As a new application I trace the supermatrix Bessel function back to a product of two ordinary matrix Bessel functions. In the second part, I apply the generalized Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation to arbitrary rotation invariant ensembles of real symmetric and Hermitian self-dual matrices. This extends the approach for unitarily rotation invariant matrix ensembles. For the k-point correlation functions I derive supersymmetric integral expressions in a unifying way. I prove the equivalence between the generalized Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation and the superbosonization formula. Moreover, I develop an alternative mapping from ordinary space to superspace. After comparing the results of this approach with the other two supersymmetry methods, I obtain explicit functional expressions for the probability densities in superspace. If the probability density of the matrix ensemble factorizes, then the generating functions exhibit determinantal and Pfaffian structures. For some matrix ensembles this was already shown with help of other approaches. I show that these structures appear by a purely algebraic manipulation. In this new approach I use structures naturally appearing in superspace. I derive determinantal and Pfaffian structures for three types of integrals without actually mapping onto superspace. These three types of integrals are quite general and, thus, they are applicable to a broad class of matrix ensembles. (orig.)
Polychoric/Tetrachoric Matrix or Pearson Matrix? A methodological study
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dominguez Lara, Sergio Alexis
Full Text Available The use of product-moment correlation of Pearson is common in most studies in factor analysis in psychology, but it is known that this statistic is only applicable when the variables related are in interval scale and normally distributed, and when are used in ordinal data may to produce a distorted correlation matrix . Thus is a suitable option using polychoric/tetrachoric matrices in item-level factor analysis when the items are in level measurement nominal or ordinal. The aim of this study was to show the differences in the KMO, Bartlett`s Test and Determinant of the Matrix, percentage of variance explained and factor loadings in depression trait scale of Depression Inventory Trait - State and the Neuroticism dimension of the short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire -Revised, regarding the use of matrices polychoric/tetrachoric matrices and Pearson. These instruments was analyzed with different extraction methods (Maximum Likelihood, Minimum Rank Factor Analysis, Unweighted Least Squares and Principal Components, keeping constant the rotation method Promin were analyzed. Were observed differences regarding sample adequacy measures, as well as with respect to the explained variance and the factor loadings, for solutions having as polychoric/tetrachoric matrix. So it can be concluded that the polychoric / tetrachoric matrix give better results than Pearson matrices when it comes to item-level factor analysis using different methods.
Pyrrolyl substituted allenylidene complexes of ruthenium
Winter, Rainer; Hartmann, Stephan; Sarkar, Biprajit; Lissner, Falk
Pyrrolyl and indolyl substituted allenylidene complexes of ruthenium have been prepared from the trapping of cationic trans-[Cl(dppm)2Ru[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2]+ with various pyrroles or N-methylindole. The reaction is rationalized as involving regioselective attack of the organometallic electrophile on the electron-rich heterocycle followed by proton migration to the terminal [double bo...
Cation substitution in two coccolithophore species
Melteig, Hanna Elina
Few things would be better than getting rid of CO2 while producing useful materials. Coccolithophores use CO2 in their photorespiration, in addition to using CO2 to produce coccoliths – small platelets made of calcite. Ca is a central cation in this process, and the goal of this project is to investigate to what extent other divalent cations can partially substitute for Ca and become part of the growing coccolith. The long term goal is to enable algae to harvest cations and produce mate...
QSAR Studies on 7-Substituted Fluoroquinolones
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
XU Ju-Li; GAO Shu-Lin; ZHANG Xiang-Fei; XIE Yi-Ping; HUANG Xiao-Yin; XIE Xiao-Guang
The PM3 and B3LYP methods were employed to calculate the properties of 18 7-substituted fluoroquinolones.The correlation between biological activity (against gram-positive organisms or gram-negative organisms) and structural properties was obtained by using multiple linear regression (MLR) methods.The best model generated correlates the antibacterial activity with EHOMO and QF8 for gram-positive organisms,and EHOMO and dipole moment for gram-negative organisms,respectively.It suggests that the interaction mechanisms of fluoroquinolons with gram-positive and gram-negative organisms are different.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3-Substituted Pyridinium Salts.
Renom-Carrasco, Marc; Gajewski, Piotr; Pignataro, Luca; de Vries, Johannes G; Piarulli, Umberto; Gennari, Cesare; Lefort, Laurent
The use of an equivalent amount of an organic base leads to high enantiomeric excess in the asymmetric hydrogenation of N-benzylated 3-substituted pyridinium salts into the corresponding piperidines. Indeed, in the presence of Et3 N, a Rh-JosiPhos catalyst reduced a range of pyridinium salts with ee values up to 90 %. The role of the base was elucidated with a mechanistic study involving the isolation of the various reaction intermediates and isotopic labeling experiments. Additionally, this study provided some evidence for an enantiodetermining step involving a dihydropyridine intermediate. PMID:27140832
Pharmaceutical regulation, mandatory substitution, and generic competition
Birg, Laura
This paper studies the effect of two regulatory instruments - a price cap and a reference price system - a mandatory substitution rule, and the combination of both on generic competition in a Salop-type model with an off-patent brand-name drug and n differentiated generic versions. The price cap reduces only the brand-name price, the reference price system reduces the brand-name price and generic prices. Both regulatory instruments reduce the generic market share and the number of generic com...
Matrix methods applied linear algebra
Bronson, Richard
Matrix Methods: Applied Linear Algebra, 3e, as a textbook, provides a unique and comprehensive balance between the theory and computation of matrices. The application of matrices is not just for mathematicians. The use by other disciplines has grown dramatically over the years in response to the rapid changes in technology. Matrix methods is the essence of linear algebra and is what is used to help physical scientists; chemists, physicists, engineers, statisticians, and economists solve real world problems.* Applications like Markov chains, graph theory and Leontief Models are placed i
Towards Google matrix of brain
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We apply the approach of the Google matrix, used in computer science and World Wide Web, to description of properties of neuronal networks. The Google matrix G is constructed on the basis of neuronal network of a brain model discussed in PNAS 105 (2008) 3593. We show that the spectrum of eigenvalues of G has a gapless structure with long living relaxation modes. The PageRank of the network becomes delocalized for certain values of the Google damping factor α. The properties of other eigenstates are also analyzed. We discuss further parallels and similarities between the World Wide Web and neuronal networks.
Venturini Method Based Matrix Converter
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Derick Mathew
Full Text Available Recently, matrix converter has received considerable interest as a viable alternative to the conventional ac-dc-ac converter. This direct ac-ac converter provides some attractive characteristics such as: four quadrant operation, absence of bulky dc-link electrolyte capacitors, clean input power characteristics. Due to the absence of dc link energy storage elements any disturbance in the input voltage will be immediately reflected to the output voltages. In this paper venturini method for matrix converter has been presented. Three phase sinusoidal symmetrical voltage or current can obtained .
Inverse Interval Matrix: A Survey
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Rohn, Jiří; Farhadsefat, R.
Roč. 22, - (2011), s. 704-719. E-ISSN 1081-3810 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA201/09/1957; GA ČR GC201/08/J020 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : interval matrix * inverse interval matrix * NP-hardness * enclosure * unit midpoint * inverse sign stability * nonnegative invertibility * absolute value equation * algorithm Subject RIV: BA - General Math ematics Impact factor: 0.808, year: 2010 http://www. math .technion.ac.il/iic/ela/ela-articles/articles/vol22_pp704-719.pdf
Towards Google matrix of brain
Shepelyansky, D. L.; Zhirov, O. V.
We apply the approach of the Google matrix, used in computer science and World Wide Web, to description of properties of neuronal networks. The Google matrix ${\\bf G}$ is constructed on the basis of neuronal network of a brain model discussed in PNAS {\\bf 105}, 3593 (2008). We show that the spectrum of eigenvalues of ${\\bf G}$ has a gapless structure with long living relaxation modes. The PageRank of the network becomes delocalized for certain values of the Google damping factor $\\alpha$. The...
Staggered weak matrix element miscellany
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
I report on work, done with Rajan Gupta and Greg Kilcup, using staggered fermions to study weak matrix elements in quenched QCD. I give an update on the ΔI = 1/2 rule on matrix elements relevant for ε'. I show results of a study of the dependence of BK on non-leading terms in the chiral expansion. I present our results for BK from quenched calculation at β = 6.4 on 323 x 48 lattices, based on ensemble of 12 configurations. 15 refs., 5 figs
Holomorphic anomaly and matrix models
Eynard, B; Orantin, Nicolas; Eynard, Bertrand; Marino, Marcos; Orantin, Nicolas
The genus g free energies of matrix models can be promoted to modular invariant, non-holomorphic amplitudes which only depend on the geometry of the classical spectral curve. We show that these non-holomorphic amplitudes satisfy the holomorphic anomaly equations of Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri and Vafa. We derive as well holomorphic anomaly equations for the open string sector. These results provide evidence at all genera for the Dijkgraaf--Vafa conjecture relating matrix models to type B topological strings on certain local Calabi--Yau threefolds.
Steerneman, A.G.M.; van Perlo -ten Kleij, Frederieke
The main topic of this paper is the matrix V = A - XY*, where A is a nonsingular complex k x k matrix and X and Y are k x p complex matrices of full column rank. Because properties of the matrix V can be derived from those of the matrix Q = I - XY*, we will consider in particular the case where A =
Symmetries and Interactions in Matrix String Theory
F.H. Hacquebord
This PhD-thesis reviews matrix string theory and recent developments therein. The emphasis is put on symmetries, interactions and scattering processes in the matrix model. We start with an introduction to matrix string theory and a review of the orbifold model that flows out of matrix string theory
The symmetric N-matrix completion problem
Araújo, C. Mendes; Juan R. Torregrosa; Urbano, Ana M.
An $n\\times n$ matrix is called an $N$-matrix if all its principal minors are negative. In this paper, we are interested in the symmetric $N$-matrix completion problem, that is, when a partial symmetric $N$-matrix has a symmetric $N$-matrix completion. Here, we prove that a partial symmetric $N$-matrix has a symmetric $N$-matrix completion if the graph of its specified entries is chordal. Furthermore, if this graph is not chordal, then examples exist without symmetric $N$...
Challenges in drug discovery for thiazolidinedione substitute
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jian-ping Ye
Full Text Available Thiazolidinedione (TZD is a powerful insulin sensitizer in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It acts as a ligand to the nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and induces transcription of PPARγ-responsive genes. TZD controls lipid synthesis and storage in adipose tissue, liver and many other tissues through PPARγ. Derivatives of TZD, such as rosiglitazone (Avandia and pioglitazone (Actos, are more powerful than metformin or berberine in insulin sensitization. Although they have common side effects such as weight gain and edema, these did not influence their clinical application in general. However, recent findings of risk for congestive heart failure and bladder cancer have significantly impaired their future in many countries. European countries have prohibited those drugs, and US will terminate application of rosiglitazone in clinics and hospitals. The multiple country actions may mark the end of TZD era. As a result, there is a strong demand for identification of TZD substitute in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this regard, literature about PPARγ ligands and potential TZD substitute are reviewed in this article. Histone deacetylase (HDAC inhibitor is emphasized as a new class of insulin sensitizer here. Regulators of SIRT1, CREB, NO, p38, ERK and Cdk5 are discussed in the activation of PPARγ.
Improved Y-123 materials by chemical substitutions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
By using the knowledge accumulated during last decade about the relationship between the structural features and the superconducting properties we have attempted to design an improved Y123 material that would display an increased superconducting transition temperature, Tc, and enhanced critical current, Jc, and irreversibility fields, Birr. Chemical substitutions on various crystallographic sites were made to reduce the buckling of the CuO2-planes. Substitutions of Sr for Ba and transition elements for copper were made to shorten the distance between the double-CuO2-planes while preserving the ''metallicity'' of the blocking layer. The synthesis and annealing conditions were optimized to obtain the highest Tc. Improved critical currents and irreversibility fields were found for (Nd1-xLax)123 and YBaSrCu3-yMoyO7+d compounds. The existence of these materials indicates that it is possible to further enhance superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7 materials by clever design of the crystal chemistry. (orig.)
Sugar substitutes: Health controversy over perceived benefits
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kirtida R Tandel
Full Text Available Sugar is an inseparable part of the food we consume. But too much sugar is not ideal for our teeth and waistline. There have been some controversial suggestions that excessive sugar may play an important role in certain degenerative diseases. So artificial sweeteners or artificially sweetened products continue to attract consumers. A sugar substitute (artificial sweetener is a food additive that duplicates the effect of sugar in taste, but usually has less food energy. Besides its benefits, animal studies have convincingly proven that artificial sweeteners cause weight gain, brain tumors, bladder cancer and many other health hazards. Some kind of health related side effects including carcinogenicity are also noted in humans. A large number of studies have been carried out on these substances with conclusions ranging from "safe under all conditions" to "unsafe at any dose". Scientists are divided in their views on the issue of artificial sweetener safety. In scientific as well as in lay publications, supporting studies are often widely referenced while the opposing results are de-emphasized or dismissed. So this review aims to explore the health controversy over perceived benefits of sugar substitutes.
JROTC as a Substitute for PE: Really?
Lounsbery, Monica A. F.; Holt, Kathryn A.; Monnat, Shannon A.; McKenzie, Thomas L.; Funk, Brian
Purpose Even though physical education (PE) is an evidence-based strategy for providing and promoting physical activity, alternative programs such as Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) are commonly substituted for PE in many states. The purpose of this study was to compare student physical activity and lesson contexts during high school PE and JROTC sessions. Method SOFIT (System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time) was used to assess PE and JROTC sessions (N=38 each) in 4 high schools that provided both programs. Data were analyzed using t-tests, negative binomial regression, and logistic regression. Results Students engaged in significantly more moderate to vigorous physical activity during PE than JROTC sessions and they were significantly less sedentary. Significant differences between the two program types were also found among lesson contexts. Conclusions PE and JROTC provide substantially different content and contexts and students in them engage in substantially different amounts of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Students in JROTC, and perhaps other alternative programs, are less likely to accrue health-supporting physical activity and engage in fewer opportunities to be physically fit and motorically skilled. Policies and practices for providing substitutions for PE should be carefully examined. PMID:25141093
Sign Patterns That Allow the Given Matrix
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
邵燕灵; 孙良
Let P be a property referring to a real matrix. For a sign pattern A, if there exists a real matrix B in the qualitative class of A such that B has property P, then we say A allows P. Three cases that A allows an M-matrix, an inverse M-matrix and a P0-matrix are considered. The complete characterizations are obtained.
Multivariate Modelling via Matrix Subordination
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nicolato, Elisa
stochastic volatility via time-change is quite ineffective when applied to the multivariate setting. In this work we propose a new class of models, which is obtained by conditioning a multivariate Brownian Motion to a so-called matrix subordinator. The obtained model-class encompasses the vast majority of...
Jafari, Mehdi
Real quaternions have been expressed in terms of 4×4 matrices by means of Hamilton operators. These matrices are applied for rotations in Euclidean 4-space, and are determined also a Hamilton motions in E4. We study these matrices and show that the set of these matrices with the group operation of matrix multiplication is Lie group of 6-dimension.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The T-matrix averaging procedure advocated by Burke, Berrington and Sukumar [1981, J. Phys. B. At. Mol. Phys. 14, 289] is demonstrated to hold in a class of soluble models for two different L2 basis expansions. The convergence rates as the bases are extended to completeness are determined. (author)
S matrix for absorptive Hamiltonians
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The existence of a matrix S such that SS = 1 in the presence of absorption is demonstrated. In the limit a of hermitian Hamiltonian the unitarity conditions SS = 1 is recovered. A dispersion relation for forward scattering is derived and the properties of the reactance matrices K and K are obtained. It is shown that K = K
The COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
COMPADRE contains demographic information on hundreds of plant species. The data in COMPADRE are in the form of matrix population models and our goal is to make these publicly available to facilitate their use for research and teaching purposes. COMPADRE is an open-access database. We only request...
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Rohn, Jiří
Roč. 26, 15 December (2013), s. 836-841. ISSN 1537-9582 Institutional support: RVO:67985807 Keywords : two-matrix alternative * solution * algorithm Subject RIV: BA - General Math ematics Impact factor: 0.514, year: 2013 http://www. math .technion.ac.il/iic/ela/ela-articles/articles/vol26_pp836-841.pdf
Amorphous metal matrix composite ribbons
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Composite ribbons with amorphous matrix and ceramic (SiC, WC, MoB) particles were produced by modified planar melt flow casting methods. Weldability, abrasive wear and wood sanding examinations were carried out in order to find optimal material and technology for elevated wear resistance and sanding durability. The correlation between structure and composite properties is discussed. (author)
Survey of aluminum matrix composites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This is a review of the current stage of development of fiber reinforced Al matrix composites: primary and secondary fabrication, physical and mechanical properties, environmental effects, applications, current and projected costs of raw material and composites, and future developments. Boron and beryllium are among the filament materials. (101 references, 32 fig.) (U.S.)
Kuhapatanakul, Kantaphon
In this note, we study the Fibonacci and Lucas p-numbers. We introduce the Lucas p-matrix and companion matrices for the sums of the Fibonacci and Lucas p-numbers to derive some interesting identities of the Fibonacci and Lucas p-numbers.
Hyper-systolic matrix multiplication
Lippert, Th.; Petkov, N.; Palazzari, P.; Schilling, K.
A novel parallel algorithm for matrix multiplication is presented. It is based on a 1-D hyper-systolic processor abstraction. The procedure can be implemented on all types of parallel systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved.
Parallel Sparse Matrix - Vector Product
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Alexandersen, Joe; Lazarov, Boyan Stefanov; Dammann, Bernd
This technical report contains a case study of a sparse matrix-vector product routine, implemented for parallel execution on a compute cluster with both pure MPI and hybrid MPI-OpenMP solutions. C++ classes for sparse data types were developed and the report shows how these class can be used...
Matrix Representation of Evolving Networks
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We present the distance matrix evolution for different types of networks:exponential, scale-free and classical random ones. Statistical properties of these matrices are discussed as well as topological features of the networks. Numerical data on the degree and distance distributions are compared with theoretical predictions. (author)
Performance of the Cement Matrix Composite Material With Rubber Powder
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
SONG Shao-min; LIU Juan-hong; ZHANG Xi-qing
The effect of the deferent rubber content substituted for fine aggregate on the mortar performancewas studied. The effects of the rubber coated with the coating materials on the mortar compressive strength, bendingstrength and impact work were discussed. The optimum rubber powder content and the suitable coating materialwere found. Through the electrical probe test- BEI, SEI and calcium ion distribution, and the slight crack and theinterface between the rubber and cement matrix are analyzed. The results show that the rubber powder coated withthe surface treatment materials A, B and C bas the capability of absorbing a large amount of energy under thecompressive and flexural load and the slight cracks of R- C were controlled and restrained.
Rapid prototyped porous nickel-titanium scaffolds as bone substitutes.
Hoffmann, Waldemar; Bormann, Therese; Rossi, Antonella; Müller, Bert; Schumacher, Ralf; Martin, Ivan; de Wild, Michael; Wendt, David
While calcium phosphate-based ceramics are currently the most widely used materials in bone repair, they generally lack tensile strength for initial load bearing. Bulk titanium is the gold standard of metallic implant materials, but does not match the mechanical properties of the surrounding bone, potentially leading to problems of fixation and bone resorption. As an alternative, nickel-titanium alloys possess a unique combination of mechanical properties including a relatively low elastic modulus, pseudoelasticity, and high damping capacity, matching the properties of bone better than any other metallic material. With the ultimate goal of fabricating porous implants for spinal, orthopedic and dental applications, nickel-titanium substrates were fabricated by means of selective laser melting. The response of human mesenchymal stromal cells to the nickel-titanium substrates was compared to mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on clinically used titanium. Selective laser melted titanium as well as surface-treated nickel-titanium and titanium served as controls. Mesenchymal stromal cells had similar proliferation rates when cultured on selective laser melted nickel-titanium, clinically used titanium, or controls. Osteogenic differentiation was similar for mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on the selected materials, as indicated by similar gene expression levels of bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin. Mesenchymal stromal cells seeded and cultured on porous three-dimensional selective laser melted nickel-titanium scaffolds homogeneously colonized the scaffold, and following osteogenic induction, filled the scaffold's pore volume with extracellular matrix. The combination of bone-related mechanical properties of selective laser melted nickel-titanium with its cytocompatibility and support of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells highlights its potential as a superior bone substitute as compared to clinically used titanium. PMID:25383165
Secure Linear Transformation Based Cryptosystem using Dynamic Byte Substitution
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adi Narayana Reddy K
Full Text Available Many classical cryptosystems are developed based on simple substitution. Hybrid cryptosystem using byte substitution and variable length sub key groups is a simple nonlinear algorithm but the cryptanalyst can find the length of each sub key group because the byte substitution is static and if the modulo prime number is small then byte substitution is limited to first few rows of S-box. In this paper an attempt is made to introduce the nonlinearity to the linear transformation based cryptosystem using dynamic byte substitution over GF (28. The secret value is added to the index value to shift the substitution to a new secret location dynamically. This adds extra security in addition to non-linearity, confusion and diffusion. The performance evaluation of the method is also studied and presented.
The Possibility of the Formation of Protocells and Their Structural Components on the Basis of the Apatite Matrix and Cocrystallizing Minerals
Kostetsky, Eduard Y.
This paper presents the author's theory on the possibility of simultaneous hard-phase synthesis of various organic molecules from gas-phase elements on the basis of the apatite matrix and cocrystallizing minerals (carbonate-apatite, calcite, mica). These molecules and their ensembles gave rise to living systems and protocells of the pro- and eukaryotic types. Synthesis might have occurred through gradual substitution of the mineral matrix by crystal organic matter. The structure and size of t...
Injectable bone substitute using a hydrophilic polymer.
Weiss, Pierre; Gauthier, Olivier; Bouler, Jean-Michel; Grimandi, Gaël; Daculsi, Guy
We studied a new injectable biomaterial for bone and dental surgery consisting of a hydrophilic polymer as matrix and bioactive calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics as fillers. This material is composed of complex fluids whose flow is determined by the laws of rheology. We investigated the macromolecular effects on this composite in a tube. The stability of the polymer and the mixture is essential to the production of a ready-to-use injectable biomaterial. These flow properties are necessary to o...
A fast algorithm for sparse matrix computations related to inversion
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We have developed a fast algorithm for computing certain entries of the inverse of a sparse matrix. Such computations are critical to many applications, such as the calculation of non-equilibrium Green's functions Gr and G for nano-devices. The FIND (Fast Inverse using Nested Dissection) algorithm is optimal in the big-O sense. However, in practice, FIND suffers from two problems due to the width-2 separators used by its partitioning scheme. One problem is the presence of a large constant factor in the computational cost of FIND. The other problem is that the partitioning scheme used by FIND is incompatible with most existing partitioning methods and libraries for nested dissection, which all use width-1 separators. Our new algorithm resolves these problems by thoroughly decomposing the computation process such that width-1 separators can be used, resulting in a significant speedup over FIND for realistic devices — up to twelve-fold in simulation. The new algorithm also has the added advantage that desired off-diagonal entries can be computed for free. Consequently, our algorithm is faster than the current state-of-the-art recursive methods for meshes of any size. Furthermore, the framework used in the analysis of our algorithm is the first attempt to explicitly apply the widely-used relationship between mesh nodes and matrix computations to the problem of multiple eliminations with reuse of intermediate results. This framework makes our algorithm easier to generalize, and also easier to compare against other methods related to elimination trees. Finally, our accuracy analysis shows that the algorithms that require back-substitution are subject to significant extra round-off errors, which become extremely large even for some well-conditioned matrices or matrices with only moderately large condition numbers. When compared to these back-substitution algorithms, our algorithm is generally a few orders of magnitude more accurate, and our produced round-off errors
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Li Yaotang; Zhu Yan
A direct algorithm is proposed by which one can distinguish whether a matrix is an M-matrix (or H-matrix) or not quickly and effectively. Numerical examples show that it is effective and convincible to distinguish M-matrix (or H-matrix) by using the algorithm.
Practical problems in use of sugar substitutes in preventive dentistry
N M Roshan; Sakeenabi, B.
Sugar (sucrose) being most acceptable sweetening agent in use by mankind is considered as the "Arch Criminal" in dental caries initiation. Search for suitable sweetening agent which will satisfy all the characteristics of sugar along with being non-cariogenic is going on since decades. At this given point of time, there is no such substitute which will replace sugar in all aspects, but, cariogenic potential can certainly be reduced by using sugar substitutes. Recently, few sugar substitutes a...
Poornima B
The adulteration and Substitution of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in herbal industry and it has caused a major treat in the research on commercial natural products. The deforestation and extinction of many species and incorrect identification of many plants has resulted in adulteration and substitution of raw drugs. The concept of substitution prevailed ages back and in Ayurveda we can find this in the treatise of Bhavaprakasha and Yogaratnakara.This article throws the light on th...
Search Engine Advertising: Channel Substitution when Pricing Ads to Context
Avi Goldfarb; Catherine Tucker
We explore substitution patterns across advertising platforms. Using data on the advertising prices paid by lawyers for 139 Google search terms in 195 locations, we exploit a natural experiment in "ambulance-chaser" regulations across states. When lawyers cannot contact clients by mail, advertising prices per click for search engine advertisements are 5%-7% higher. Therefore, online advertising substitutes for offline advertising. This substitution toward online advertising is strongest in ma...
Bone graft substitutes for spine fusion: A brief review
Gupta, Ashim; Kukkar, Nitin; Sharif, Kevin; Main, Benjamin J; Albers, Christine E; El-Amin III, Saadiq F
Bone graft substitutes are widely used in the field of orthopedics and are extensively used to promote vertebral fusion. Fusion is the most common technique in spine surgery and is used to treat morbidities and relieve discomfort. Allograft and autograft bone substitutes are currently the most commonly used bone grafts to promote fusion. These approaches pose limitations and present complications to the patient. Numerous alternative bone graft substitutes are on the market or have been develo...
Management of Substitution in English-Chinese Trans lation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Substitution is one of the major cohesive devices. Both English and Chinese use substitution. But due to the differences between the two languages, the translation methods adopted should vary according to the situation. This thesis aims to explore the different strategies that can be used in the translation of substitution from English to Chinese in different cases. A contrastive study between the two languages is crucial in this process.
Management of Substitution in English-Chinese Trans lation
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Substitution is one of the major cohesive devices.Both English and Chinese use substitution.But due to the differences between the two languages,the translation methods adopted should vary according to the situation.This thesis aims to explore the different strategies that can be used in the translation of substitution from English to Chinese in different cases.A contrastive study between the two languages is crucial in this process.
Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs
Reiman Amanda
Abstract Background Substitution can be operationalized as the conscious choice to use one drug (legal or illicit) instead of, or in conjunction with, another due to issues such as: perceived safety; level of addiction potential; effectiveness in relieving symptoms; access and level of acceptance. This practice of substitution has been observed among individuals using cannabis for medical purposes. This study examined drug and alcohol use, and the occurrence of substitution among medical cann...
Competition Derived from Innovation as a Substitution Threat
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Howells, John
This paper is a review of the role of innovation as substitution threat. The interesting strategy for those facing what in retrospect proves to be full substitution is the strategy of 'switch' to the substituting technology. the context-dependent uncedrtainty involved in the switch decision is...... transistor. The case material is used to introduce the problem competition policy has when faced with competition derived from innovation....
Generation of a Fibrin Based Three-Layered Skin Substitute
Johanna Kober; Alfred Gugerell; Melanie Schmid; Lars-Peter Kamolz; Maike Keck
A variety of skin substitutes that restore epidermal and dermal structures are currently available on the market. However, the main focus in research and clinical application lies on dermal and epidermal substitutes whereas the development of a subcutaneous replacement (hypodermis) is often disregarded. In this study we used fibrin sealant as hydrogel scaffold to generate a three-layered skin substitute. For the hypodermal layer adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and mature adipocytes were emb...
State generic substitution laws can lower drug outlays under medicaid
Shrank, William H.; Choudhry, Niteesh K.; Agnew-Blais, Jessica; Federman, Alex D.; Liberman, Joshua N.; LIU Jun; Aaron S Kesselheim; Brookhart, M. Alan; Fischer, Michael A
To stem the rising costs of medications, states have implemented varying generic substitution policies. These policies differ in the extent to which pharmacists or patients can influence medication choice. Using national Medicaid data, we evaluated the relationship between different generic substitution policies and generic simvastatin use after patent expiration of branded Zocor. States implementing policies that require patient consent prior to generic substitution experienced 25% lower rat...
Generalized $\\beta$-expansions, substitution tilings, and local finiteness
Frank, Natalie Priebe; Robinson, Jr., W. Edward
For a fairly general class of two-dimensional tiling substitutions, we prove that if the length expansion $\\beta$ is a Pisot number, then the tilings defined by the substitution must be locally finite. We also give a simple example of a two-dimensional substitution on rectangular tiles, with a non-Pisot length expansion $\\beta$, such that no tiling admitted by the substitution is locally finite. The proofs of both results are effectively one-dimensional and involve the idea of a certain type ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gabriel Sorin STROE
Full Text Available Substitutes pose a permanent threat on firms' products or services in any industry. As the extant literature on strategic analysis is abundant in examples of substitutes for goods and traditional services, the paper aims at analyzing in-depth the concept of substitutes in the case of engineering services industry which is a knowledge-based, project-based, and professional type one. The assessment of the threat of substitutes for these services has been supported by an empirical study among a number of managers of Romanian engineering companies. The paper ends up with a set of conclusions and an invitation to further debate and research.
Import Substitution in Regional Industrial Production: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yevgeniy Georgievich Animitsa
Full Text Available The article proves the important role of import substitution in the economic security protection of state and its regions, especially in times of crisis, geopolitical and economical instability. The authors argue that the problem of import substitution is not modern, trendy scientific stream. The issue of displacement of import goods by domestic ones was brought up in famous classic theories of mercantilists. The particular emphasis is placed on the analysis and systematization of different scientific approaches, which are utilized by native and foreign scientists to bring out the matter of "import substitution," to determine its essential characteristics. The authors suggest their own interpretation of the import substitution notion. In the article, the most significant pro and contra arguments in import substitution policy are defined. The regional aspects in the import substitution are approved: case study — organization of industrial import substitution in the Sverdlovsk region. In the article, the authors analyze the subject matter of the Program "Development of Intraregional Industrial Cooperation and Implementation of an Import Substitution in Branches of Industry in the Sverdlovsk Region." It is resumed, that active policy of import substitution in the industry may become the driver of regional economic development.
Development of a piezoelectric bone substitute material
Al-Bader, Y A
The thesis deals with the preparation and testing of ceramic compositions to be used as bone substitute. The proposed composition consisted of calcium enriched calcium phosphate, kaolin and barium titanate in different ratios. The homogeneous powder mixture was dry pressed at different pressures and fired at temperatures up to 1350 degC for different soaking times. The physical properties of the fired compacts that were tested are bulk density and porosity. These were determined as function of pressing pressure, firing temperature and soaking time for different compositions. The mechanical properties investigated were the ultimate compressive strength and Young's modulus, which were determined for different compositions and forming pressures. The electrical properties investigated were D.C. characteristics (resistivity) and A.C. characteristics (A.C. resistivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and loss tangent). The piezoelectric behaviour of the fired compacts was investigated and the piezoelectric coe...
Packing and Disorder in Substituted Fullerenes
Tummala, Naga Rajesh
Fullerenes are ubiquitous as electron-acceptor and electron-transport materials in organic solar cells. Recent synthetic strategies to improve the solubility and electronic characteristics of these molecules have translated into a tremendous increase in the variety of derivatives employed in these applications. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the impact of going from mono-adducts to bis- and tris-adducts on the structural, cohesive, and packing characteristics of [6,6]-phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and indene-C60. The packing configurations obtained at the MD level then serve as input for density functional theory calculations that examine the solid-state energetic disorder (distribution of site energies) as a function of chemical substitution. The variations in structural and site-energy disorders reflect the fundamental materials differences among the derivatives and impact the performance of these materials in thin-film electronic devices.
Solving Functional Constraints by Variable Substitution
Zhang, Yuanlin
Functional constraints and bi-functional constraints are an important constraint class in Constraint Programming (CP) systems, in particular for Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) systems. CP systems with finite domain constraints usually employ CSP-based solvers which use local consistency, for example, arc consistency. We introduce a new approach which is based instead on variable substitution. We obtain efficient algorithms for reducing systems involving functional and bi-functional constraints together with other non-functional constraints. It also solves globally any CSP where there exists a variable such that any other variable is reachable from it through a sequence of functional constraints. Our experiments on random problems show that variable elimination can significantly improve the efficiency of solving problems with functional constraints.
Substitutions in dynamics, arithmetics and combinatorics
Berthé, Valéré; Ferenczi, Sébastien; Mauduit, Christian; Siegel, Anne
A certain category of infinite strings of letters on a finite alphabet is presented here, chosen among the 'simplest' possible one may build, both because they are very deterministic and because they are built by simple rules (a letter is replaced by a word, a sequence is produced by iteration). These substitutive sequences have a surprisingly rich structure. The authors describe the concepts of quantity of natural interactions, with combinatorics on words, ergodic theory, linear algebra, spectral theory, geometry of tilings, theoretical computer science, diophantine approximation, trancendence, graph theory. This volume fulfils the need for a reference on the basic definitions and theorems, as well as for a state-of-the-art survey of the more difficult and unsolved problems.
Testosterone Substitution: Current Modalities and Perspectives
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zitzmann M
Full Text Available The clinical picture of male hypogonadism is associated with typical symptoms, such as disturbances of mood and cognitive abilities as well as sexual functions; furtheron, a decrease in muscle mass and strength, an accumulation of body fat and osteopenia/osteoporosis are observed. There are indications that insulin sensitivity is mitigated in a state of androgen depletion. In older men, symptoms of androgen deficiency (late-onset hypogonadism may exhibit a differential profile due to accompanying other chronic illnesses. Restoring serum testosterone levels by replacement therapy can markedly attenuate, if not relieve, the clinical picture of hypogonadism. Recently, new treatment modalities have been introduced, which include short-acting transdermal or buccal modalities as well as the long-acting depot preparation of testosterone undecanoate. This review summarises the pathways of diagnosis of male hypogonadism and discusses the various modern methods of initiation and surveillance of testosterone substitution therapy. Future perspectives regarding pharmacogenetic aspects are discussed.
Tertiary fatty amides as diesel fuel substitutes
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Serdari, Aikaterini; Lois, Euripides; Stournas, Stamoulis [National Technical Univ. of Athens, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Athens (Greece)
This paper presents experimental results regarding the impact of adding different tertiary amides of fatty acids to mineral diesel fuel; an assessment of the behaviour of these compounds as possible diesel fuel extenders is also included. Measurements of cetane number, cold flow properties (cloud point, pour point and CFPP), density, kinematic viscosity, flash point and distillation temperatures are reported, while initial experiments concerning the effects on particulate emissions are also described. Most of the examined tertiary fatty amides esters have very good performance and they can be easily prepared from fatty acids (biomass). Such compounds or their blends could be used as mineral diesel fuel or even fatty acid methylesters (FAME, biodiesel) substitutes or extenders. (Author)
Hazardous Solvent Substitution Data System tutorial
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This manual is the tutorial for the Hazardous Solvent Substitution Data System (HSSDS), an online, comprehensive system of information on alternatives to hazardous solvents and related subjects. The HSSDS data base contains product information, material safety data sheets, toxicity reports, usage reports, biodegradable data, product chemical element lists, and background information on solvents. HSSDS use TOPIC reg-sign to search for information based on a query defined by the user. TOPIC provides a full text retrieval of unstructured source documents. In this tutorial, a series of lessons is provided that guides the user through basic steps common to most queries performed with HSSDS. Instructions are provided for both window-based and character-based applications
Magnetic disaccommodation in Sn substituted magnetite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The relaxation of the initial magnetic permeability has been measured in polycrystalline Sn-doped magnetite with nominal composition SnxFe3-xO4 with x ranging from x=0 to 0.6. In the temperature range between 80 and 500 K, the time decay of the initial permeability after sample demagnetization has been represented by means of isochronal disaccommodation curves, which show the presence of different relaxation processes at 250 K (IV' peak), 275 K (IV), 300 K (III), 400 K (II) and 440 K (I). This behavior is explained on the basis of the disaccommodation of vacancy-doped magnetite and another similar tetravalent substitution, as the previously analyzed Ti-doped magnetite
The influence of substituted phenols on the sol:gel transition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) aqueous solutions.
Banks, Simon R; Pygall, Samuel R; Bajwa, Gurjit S; Doughty, Stephen W; Timmins, Peter; Melia, Colin D
The influence of the physicochemical parameters of substituted aromatic molecules on the phase transition from sol to gel of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) has been investigated using a homologous series of substituted phenols. Using a turbimetric methodology, concentration dependent suppression of phase transition temperature of HPMC was observed for phenol and its derivatives, including methyl-, nitro- and chloro-substituted molecules. Although no strong direct relationship between single molecular physicochemical properties of the phenolic compounds (such as pKa, LogP and other molecular descriptors) and ΔCPT was found for the compounds tested, a successful prediction of behaviour could be obtained by using a combination of parameters. This suggested that the interaction mechanism between HPMC and the substituted aromatic moiety is a complex summation of the different molecular physicochemical properties. Identification of these potentially deleterious chemical moieties may be of value in a pharmaceutical context when considering preformulation of drug structures containing them. An incompatibility between drug and polymer may be indicative of deleterious effects resulting from formulation with hydrophilic matrix dosage forms containing cellulose ethers such as HPMC. PMID:24299892
Substituted Pyrazinecarboxamides: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Katarina Kralova
Full Text Available Condensation of the corresponding chlorides of some substituted pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, 6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, 5-tert-butylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid or 5-tert-butyl-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid withvarious ring-substituted aminothiazoles or anilines yielded a series of amides. Thesyntheses, analytical and spectroscopic data of thirty newly prepared compounds arepresented. Structure-activity relationships between the chemical structures and the anti-mycobacterial, antifungal and photosynthesis-inhibiting activity of the evaluatedcompounds are discussed. 3,5-Bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl derivatives of substitutedpyrazinecarboxylic acid, 16-18, have shown the highest activity against Mycobacteriumtuberculosis H37Rv (54-72% inhibition. The highest antifungal effect againstTrichophyton mentagrophytes, the most susceptible fungal strain tested, was found for5-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylpyrazine-2-carboxamide (8, MIC =31.25 μmol·mL-1. The most active inhibitors of oxygen evolution rate in spinachMolecules 2006, 11 243 chloroplasts were the compounds 5-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl- pyrazine-2-carboxamide (27, IC50 = 41.9 μmol·L-1 and 5-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N-(1,3- thiazol-2-yl-pyrazine-2-carboxamide (4, IC50 = 49.5 μmol·L-1.
Polyphosphates substitution for zeolite to in detergents
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The detergents, as well as the cleaning products, contain active ingredients that are good to increase their efficiency and some of them, as the sodium Tripoli-phosphate (TPF), they have turned out to be noxious for the environment. The zeolites use in the formulation of detergents has grown substantially since they fulfill the same function of the TPF and they have been recommended ecologically as substitutes from these when not being polluting. The objective of this work is to obtain a zeolite with appropriate characteristics for its use in the formulation of detergents, reproducing those of the zeolites used industrially. The zeolite synthesis is studied 4A starting from hydro-gels of different composition, varying the operation conditions and using two raw materials: (sodium meta-silicate, commercial degree and metallic aluminum) and clay type kaolin like silica source and aluminum It is looked for to get a product of beveled cubic morphology, or spherical, with glass size between 1 and 3 microns and that it possesses good capacity of conical exchange. Since the capacity and speed of ionic exchange is influenced by the particle size, time of contact and temperature, experimentation conditions settle down to measure the exchange of ions calcium and magnesium in watery solutions that they simulate the real situation of a laundry process in the country. This way the ability of the zeolite 4A obtained to diminish the concentration of these ions in the laundry waters is evaluated and its possibilities like component in the formulation of detergents non-phosphatates. Of the synthesized zeolites, the best in agreement is chosen with chemical properties as ionic and physical exchange capacity as crystalline, particle size and color, to prepare a detergent in which the polyphosphates is substituted partial and totally for the synthesized zeolite
Some considerations of matrix equations using the concept of reproductivity
Malesevic, Branko; Radicic, Biljana
In this paper we analyse Cline's matrix equation, generalized Penrose's matrix system and a matrix system for k-commutative {1}-inverses. We determine reproductive and non-reproductive general solutions of analysed matrix equation and analysed matrix systems.
The Constrained Solutions of Two Matrix Equations
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
An Ping LIAO; Zhong Zhi BAI
We study the symmetric positive semidefinite solution of the matrix equation AX1AT +BX2BT = C, where A is a given real m × n matrix, B is a given real m × p matrix, and C is a givenreal m × m matrix, with m, n, p positive integers; and the bisymmetric positive semidefinite solutionof the matrix equation DTXD = C, where D is a given real n × m matrix, C is a given real m × mmatrix, with m, n positive integers. By making use of the generalized singular value decomposition, wederive general analytic formulae, and present necessary and sufficient conditions for guaranteeing theexistence of these solutions.
Matrix Factorization for Evolution Data
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Xiao-Yu Huang
Full Text Available We study a matrix factorization problem, that is, to find two factor matrices U and V such that R≈UT×V, where R is a matrix composed of the values of the objects O1,O2,…,On at consecutive time points T1,T2,…,Tt. We first present MAFED, a constrained optimization model for this problem, which straightforwardly performs factorization on R. Then based on the interplay of the data in U, V, and R, a probabilistic graphical model using the same optimization objects is constructed, in which structural dependencies of the data in these matrices are revealed. Finally, we present a fitting algorithm to solve the proposed MAFED model, which produces the desired factorization. Empirical studies on real-world datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art comparison algorithms.
Clustering Assisted Fundamental Matrix Estimation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hao Wu
Full Text Available In computer vision, the estimation of the fundament al matrix is a basic problem that has been extensively studied. The accuracy of the estimation imposes a significant influence on subsequent tasks such as the camera trajectory dete rmination and 3D reconstruction. In this paper we propose a new method for fundamental matri x estimation that makes use of clustering a group of 4D vectors. The key insight is the obser vation that among the 4D vectors constructed from matching pairs of points obtained from the SIF T algorithm, well-defined cluster points tend to be reliable inliers suitable for fundamenta l matrix estimation. Based on this, we utilizes a recently proposed efficient clustering method thr ough density peaks seeking and propose a new clustering assisted method. Experimental resul ts show that the proposed algorithm is faster and more accurate than currently commonly us ed methods.
Scrambling with matrix black holes
Brady, Lucas; Sahakian, Vatche
If black holes are not to be dreaded sinks of information but rather fully described by unitary evolution, they must scramble in-falling data and eventually leak it through Hawking radiation. Sekino and Susskind have conjectured that black holes are fast scramblers; they generate entanglement at a remarkably efficient rate, with the characteristic time scaling logarithmically with the entropy. In this work, we focus on Matrix theory—M-theory in the light-cone frame—and directly probe the conjecture. We develop a concrete test bed for quantum gravity using the fermionic variables of Matrix theory and show that the problem becomes that of chains of qubits with an intricate network of interactions. We demonstrate that the black hole system evolves much like a Brownian quantum circuit, with strong indications that it is indeed a fast scrambler. We also analyze the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase model and reach the same tentative conclusion.
Link Prediction via Matrix Completion
Pech, Ratha; Pan, Liming; Cheng, Hong; Zhou, Tao
Inspired by practical importance of social networks, economic networks, biological networks and so on, studies on large and complex networks have attracted a surge of attentions in the recent years. Link prediction is a fundamental issue to understand the mechanisms by which new links are added to the networks. We introduce the method of robust principal component analysis (robust PCA) into link prediction, and estimate the missing entries of the adjacency matrix. On one hand, our algorithm is based on the sparsity and low rank property of the matrix, on the other hand, it also performs very well when the network is dense. This is because a relatively dense real network is also sparse in comparison to the complete graph. According to extensive experiments on real networks from disparate fields, when the target network is connected and sufficiently dense, whatever it is weighted or unweighted, our method is demonstrated to be very effective and with prediction accuracy being considerably improved comparing wit...
Distributed-memory matrix computations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Balle, Susanne Mølleskov
algorithms is that many scientific applications rely heavily on the performance of the involved dense linear algebra building blocks. Even though we consider the distributed-memory as well as the shared-memory programming paradigm, the major part of the thesis is dedicated to distributed-memory architectures....... We emphasize distributed-memory massively parallel computers - such as the Connection Machines model CM-200 and model CM-5/CM-5E - available to us at UNI-C and at Thinking Machines Corporation. The CM-200 was at the time this project started one of the few existing massively parallel computers....... Several areas in the numerical linear algebra field are investigated and they illustrate the problems that arise as well as the techniques that are related to the use of massively parallel computers: 1.Study of Strassen's matrix-matrix multiplication on the Connection Machine model CM-200. What...
Corrosion of Titanium Matrix Composites
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Covino, B.S., Jr.; Alman, D.E.
The corrosion behavior of unalloyed Ti and titanium matrix composites containing up to 20 vol% of TiC or TiB{sub 2} was determined in deaerated 2 wt% HCl at 50, 70, and 90 degrees C. Corrosion rates were calculated from corrosion currents determined by extrapolation of the tafel slopes. All curves exhibited active-passive behavior but no transpassive region. Corrosion rates for Ti + TiC composites were similar to those for unalloyed Ti except at 90 degrees C where the composites were slightly higher. Corrosion rates for Ti + TiB{sub 2} composites were generally higher than those for unalloyed Ti and increased with higher concentrations of TiB{sub 2}. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses showed that the TiC reinforcement did not react with the Ti matrix during fabrication while the TiB{sub 2} reacted to form a TiB phase.
The Simplest Neutrino Mass Matrix
Harrison, P F
We motivate the simplest ansatz for the neutrino mass matrix consistent with the data from neutrino oscillation experiments, and admitting CP violation. It has only two free parameters: an arbitrary mass-scale and a small dimensionless ratio. This mass matrix exhibits two symmetries, Democracy and Mutativity, which respectively ensure trimaximal mixing of the |nu_2> mass eigenstate, and mixing parameter values |theta_{23}|=45 degrees and |delta|=90 degrees, consistent with bimaximal mixing of the |nu_3> mass eigenstate. A third constraint relates the smallness of |U_{e3}|^2 to that of the mass-squared difference ratio, Delta m^2_sol/Delta m^2_atm, yielding the prediction sin(theta_{13})=sqrt{2 Delta m^2_sol/3 Delta m^2_atm} ~ 0.13 +- 0.03.
Matrix factorisations and permutation branes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The description of B-type D-branes on a tensor product of two N = 2 minimal models in terms of matrix factorisations is related to the boundary state description in conformal field theory. As an application we show that the D0- and D2-brane for a number of Gepner models are described by permutation boundary states. In some cases (including the quintic) the images of the D2-brane under the Gepner monodromy generate the full charge lattice
Matrix Factorizations and Kauffman Homology
Gukov, S; Gukov, Sergei; Walcher, Johannes
The topological string interpretation of homological knot invariants has led to several insights into the structure of the theory in the case of sl(N). We study possible extensions of the matrix factorization approach to knot homology for other Lie groups and representations. In particular, we introduce a new triply graded theory categorifying the Kauffman polynomial, test it, and predict the Kauffman homology for several simple knots.
Knot theory and matrix integrals
Zinn-Justin, P
The large size limit of matrix integrals with quartic potential may be used to count alternating links and tangles. The removal of redundancies amounts to renormalizations of the potential. This extends into two directions: higher genus and the counting of "virtual" links and tangles; and the counting of "coloured" alternating links and tangles. We discuss the asymptotic behavior of the number of tangles as the number of crossings goes to infinity.
A matrix weighted $T1$ theorem for matrix kernelled Calderon Zygmund operators - I
Isralowitz, Joshua; Kwon, Hyun Kyoung; Pott, Sandra
In this series of two papers, we will prove a natural matrix weighted $T1$ theorem for matrix kernelled CZOs. In the current paper, we will prove matrix weighted norm inequalities for matrix symbolled paraproducts via a general matrix weighted Carleson embedding theorem. Along the way, we will also provide a stopping time proof of the identification of $L^p(W)$ as a weighted Triebel-Lizorkin space when $W$ is a matrix A${}_p$ weight.
Study of substitution limit, structural, bulk magnetic and electrical properties of Ca2+ substituted magnesium ferrite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The percentage substitution of large cation like Ca2+ for Mg2+ in MgFe2O4 without altering the cubic symmetry and its effect on structural, bulk magnetic and electrical properties have been investigated for Mg1-xCaxFe2O4 (x=0.0-0.35) spinel ferrite system by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization, ac susceptibility and dc resistivity measurements. It is found that a maximum of 23% of Ca2+ can be substituted for Mg2+. The variation of magneton number with x can be explained on the basis of Neel's collinear spin model. The Neel temperature determined through ac susceptibility and dc resistivity measurements agree with those calculated theoretically. The variation of electrical resistivity go hand in hand with the variation of the activation energy with the Ca-content
Sol-gel preparation and characterization of non-substituted and Sr-substituted gadolinium cobaltates
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An aqueous sol-gel chemistry approach for the preparation of Sr-substituted perovskite gadolinium cobaltates Gd1-xSrxCoO3-δ (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) has been applied. The metal ions, generated by dissolving starting materials in diluted acetic acid were complexed by EDTA to obtain the precursors for non-substituted and Sr-substituted GdCoO3. However, only two single-phase cobaltate samples with x = 0.0 and 0.25 have been obtained by the suggested sol-gel method. The influences of synthesis temperature and the amount of substituent on the phase purity of Gd1-xSrxCoO3-δ were investigated. The evolution of the gels during heating, composition and micro-structural features in the polycrystalline samples was studied by thermal analysis (TG/DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Polychoric/Tetrachoric Matrix or Pearson Matrix? A methodological study
Dominguez Lara, Sergio Alexis
The use of product-moment correlation of Pearson is common in most studies in factor analysis in psychology, but it is known that this statistic is only applicable when the variables related are in interval scale and normally distributed, and when are used in ordinal data may to produce a distorted correlation matrix . Thus is a suitable option using polychoric/tetrachoric matrices in item-level factor analysis when the items are in level measurement nominal or ordinal. The aim of this study ...
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Li-zhi Cheng
In recent papers, some authors studied the solutions of symmetricpositive definite(SPD) Toeplitz systems Tn x = b by the conjugate gradient method(CG) with different sine trans- forms based preconditioners. In this paper, we first discuss the properties of eigenvalues for the main known circulant, skew circulant and sine transform based preconditioners. A counter example shows that E.Boman's preconditioner is only positive semi-definite for the banded Toeplitz matrix. To use preconditioner effectively, then we propose a modified Boman's preconditioner and a new Cesaro sum type sine transform based preconditioner. Finally, the results of numerical experimentation with these two preconditioners are pre- sented.
Some Additive Combinatorics Problems in Matrix Rings
Ferguson, R.; Hoffman, C.; De Luca, F.; Ostafe, A; Shparlinski, I. E.
We study the distribution of singular and unimodular matrices in sumsets in matrix rings over finite fields. We apply these results to estimate the largest prime divisor of the determinants in sumsets in matrix rings over the integers.
A New Proposal for Matrix Theory
Chaudhuri, S
We give a detailed exposition of our recent proposal for Matrix Theory. Starting with the pedagogical case of bosonic matrix theory we identify a matrix Lagrangian whose large N limit coincides with the spacetime Lagrangian of an open and closed bosonic string theory. We describe the appearance of spacetime and of the basic elements of spacetime geometry in our framework. We identify the symmetry algebra governing the matrix Lagrangian at finite N and illustrate the phenomenon of matrix Dbrane democracy. The supersymmetric matrix Lagrangian is a nontrivial extension of the bosonic theory giving rise in the large N limit to the spacetime Lagrangians of supersymmetric open and closed string theories with Dbranes. We give a matrix path integral prescription for the Hartle-Hawking wavefunction of the Universe derived from Matrix Theory.
Matrix Theory on Non-Orientable Surfaces
Zwart, Gysbert
We construct the Matrix theory descriptions of M-theory on the Mobius strip and the Klein bottle. In a limit, these provide the matrix string theories for the CHL string and an orbifold of type IIA string theory.
Cubic Matrix, Nambu Mechanics and Beyond
Kawamura, Yoshiharu
We propose a generalization of cubic matrix mechanics by introducing a canonical triplet and study its relation to Nambu mechanics. The generalized cubic matrix mechanics we consider can be interpreted as a 'quantum' generalization of Nambu mechanics.
Exfoliation and thermal transformations of Nb-substituted layered titanates
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Song, H.; Sjåstad, Anja O.; Fjellvåg, Helmer;
Single-layer Nb-substituted titanate nanosheets of ca. 1 nm thickness were obtained by exfoliating tetrabutylammonium (TBA)-intercalated Nb-substituted titanates in water. AFM images and turbidity measurements reveal that the exfoliated nanosheets crack and corrugate when sonicated. Upon heating,...
On a substitution subshift related to the Grigorchuk group
Vorobets, Yaroslav
We study dynamics of a substitution subshift given by the substitution a->aca, b->d, c->b, d->c that is related to the Grigorchuk group. This dynamical system is shown to be, up to a countable set, conjugated to the binary odometer.
37 CFR 2.59 - Filing substitute specimen(s).
... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Filing substitute specimen(s..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN TRADEMARK CASES Drawing § 2.59 Filing substitute specimen(s). (a... specimen(s), the applicant must: (1) For an amendment to allege use under § 2.76, verify by affidavit...
Introducing Aliphatic Substitution with a Discovery Experiment Using Competing Electrophiles
Curran, Timothy P.; Mostovoy, Amelia J.; Curran, Margaret E.; Berger, Clara
A facile, discovery-based experiment is described that introduces aliphatic substitution in an introductory undergraduate organic chemistry curriculum. Unlike other discovery-based experiments that examine substitution using two competing nucleophiles with a single electrophile, this experiment compares two isomeric, competing electrophiles…
Control of Chemical Risks by Substitution of Harmful Substances
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jacobsen, Thomas
Substitution of volatile, organic solvents with non-volatile, low-toxic esters of fatty acids for cleaning purposes in offset printing has successfully been implemented in several European countries. Similar substitutions in other industrial cleaning processes seem possible, especially regarding ...
EPA Follow-Up Briefing to Chemical Substitutions Committee
slide presentation to National Academy of Science (NAS) chemical substitutions committee on ToxCast in vitro assay data as "new data stream" to be used to evaluate chemical substitutions or "new chemical" design, with Focus on high-throughput in vitro assays
40 CFR 721.840 - Alkyl substituted diaromatic hydrocarbons.
... hydrocarbons. 721.840 Section 721.840 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.840 Alkyl substituted diaromatic hydrocarbons. (a) Chemical substance... alkyl substituted di-aro-matic hydrocarbons (PMN P-91-710) is subject to reporting under this...
Nonlinear optical properties of p-substituted benzalbarbituric acids
Kondo, K.; Ochiai, S.; Takemoto, K.; Irie, M.
A number of p-substituted benzalbarbituric acid derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of p-substituted benzaldehyde with barbituric acid, and their nonlinear optical properties were investigated by using the Kurtz powder test. p-acetamidobenzalbarbituric acid derivatives were found to exhibit the relatively high second-harmonic intensity and have the higher thermal stability.
21 CFR 184.1259 - Cocoa butter substitute.
... 1 CFR part 51. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, Box 285, 2101 Constitution Ave... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Cocoa butter substitute. 184.1259 Section 184.1259... Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1259 Cocoa butter substitute. (a) The common...
Sublattice imbalance of substitutionally doped nitrogen in graphene
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lawlor, James A.; Gorman, Paul D.; Power, Stephen;
Motivated by the recently observed sublattice asymmetry of substitutional nitrogen impurities in CVD grown graphene, we show, in a mathematically transparent manner, that oscillations in the local density of states driven by the presence of substitutional impurities are responsible for breaking t......, but should be present in other impurities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....
19 CFR 143.16 - Substitution of warehouse entry.
... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Substitution of warehouse entry. 143.16 Section 143.16 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT... warehouse entry. The importer may substitute an entry for warehouse at any time within 1 year from the...
Design, Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities of Novel Phenyl Substituted Isoxazolecarboxamides
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LIU Peng-fei; ZHANG Ji-feng; YAN Tao; XIONG Li-xia; LI Zheng-ming
Thirteen novel phenyl substituted isoxazolecarboxamides were synthesized,and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR,elementary analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS) techniques.Their evaluated insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata) indicate that the phcnyl substituted isoxazolecarboxamides exhibited moderate insecticidal activities,among which compounds 9c and 9k showed comparatively higher activities.
An efficient synthesis of substituted benzene-1,2-dicarboxaldehydes
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZHU Peter C; WANG Dei-Haw; LU Kaitao; MANI Neelakandha
Substituted-benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehydes were synthesized by the reaction of substituted-1,2-bis (dibromomethyl) benzenes with fuming sulfuric acid, followed by hydrolysis, The yields were significantly improved by introducing solid sodium bicarbonate into the reaction mixture before hydrolysis and workup.
Importance of oil substitution for energy policy and economy
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gilli, P.V.
Oil substitution - that is the planned, sped-up substitution of oil products by longer available energy sources - is one of the most urgent tasks of energy policy because of the limited oil resources and because of the fact that Europe depends on oil supplies from politically unstable regions. An international study of the International Oil Substitution Task Force (OSTF) in which Austria participated showed that this task has to be solved first of all in the largely non-oil specific end-energy sectors small consumers and industry; oil substitution in the oil-specific sector transport will only start later on. The use of oil products (residual oil) for generating electricity is degressing rapidly. Apart from direct use of coal in industry there are electric energy generated from water power, nuclear energy and coal that are important due to their high substitution value as a substitute for oil, especially in the sectors small consumers and industry. Austria is highly dependent on other countries for supplies of oil and energy total. To substitute oil is therefore a vital concern for Austria. The real oil substitution on the sectors industry and small consumers as well as with respect to the total end energy was higher than predicted throughout the last years in Austria. A trend extrapolation of the absolute values and the dimensionless characteristics as introduced by OSTF shows that this development does not yet show in the values prognosticated by the Austrian Institute for Economic Research.
An efficient synthesis of substituted benzene-1,2-dicarboxaldehydes
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZHU; Peter; C; WANG; Der-Haw; MANI; Neelakandha
Substituted-benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehydes were synthesized by the reaction of substituted-1,2-bis(dibromomethyl) benzenes with fuming sulfuric acid,followed by hydrolysis. The yields were signifi-cantly improved by introducing solid sodium bicarbonate into the reaction mixture before hydrolysis and workup.
76 FR 39062 - Substitution in Case of Death of Claimant
... proposed rule, ``Substitution in Case of Death of Claimant'' (76 FR 8666), published in the Federal... Case of Death of Claimant'' (76 FR 8666), published in the Federal Register on February 15, 2011, in... AFFAIRS 38 CFR Parts 3, 14, and 20 RIN 2900-AN91 Substitution in Case of Death of Claimant...
40 CFR 721.4596 - Diazo substituted carbomonocyclic metal complex.
... metal complex. 721.4596 Section 721.4596 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.4596 Diazo substituted carbomonocyclic metal complex. (a) Chemical... as a diazo substituted carbomonocyclic metal complex (PMN P-94-1039) is subject to reporting...
The use of physical properties and fluid behavior from molecular thermodynamics can lead to better decision making in the design of substitute solvents and can greatly reduce the expense and time required to find substitutes compared to designing solvents by experiment. this pape...
40 CFR 721.757 - Polyoxyalkylene substituted aromatic azo colorant.
... azo colorant. 721.757 Section 721.757 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.757 Polyoxyalkylene substituted aromatic azo colorant. (a) Chemical... as polyoxyalkylene substituted aromatic azo colorant (PMN P-92-1131) is subject to reporting...
Orthogonal Matrix-Valued Wavelet Packets
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Qingjiang Chen; Cuiling Wang; Zhengxing Cheng
In this paper,we introduce matrix-valued multiresolution analysis and matrixvalued wavelet packets. A procedure for the construction of the orthogonal matrix-valued wavelet packets is presented. The properties of the matrix-valued wavelet packets are investigated. In particular,a new orthonormal basis of L2(R,Cs×s) is obtained from the matrix-valued wavelet packets.
Continued Fraction Algorithm for Matrix Exponentials
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
A recursive rational algorithm for matrix exponentials was obtained by making use of the generalized inverse of a matrix in this paper. On the basis of the n-th convergence of Thiele-type continued fraction expansion, a new type of the generalized inverse matrix-valued Padé approximant (GMPA) for matrix exponentials was defined and its remainder formula was proved. The results of this paper were illustrated by some examples.
Bergman orthogonal polynomials and the Grunsky matrix
Beckermann, Bernhard; Stylianopoulos, Nikos
By exploiting a link between Bergman orthogonal polynomials and the Grunsky matrix, probably first observed by Kühnau in 1985, we improve some recent results on strong asymptotics of Bergman polynomials outside the domain G of orthogonality, and on entries of the Bergman shift operator. In our proofs we suggest a new matrix approach involving the Grunsky matrix, and use well-established results in the literature relating properties of the Grunsky matrix to the regularity of the boundary of G,...
Traffic Matrix Reloaded: Impact of Routing Changes
Teixeira, Renata; Duffield, Nick; Rexford, Jennifer; Roughan, Matthew
International audience A traffic matrix represents the load from each ingress point to each egress point in an IP network. Although networks are engineered to tolerate some variation in the traffic matrix, large changes can lead to congested links and poor performance. The variations in the traffic matrix are caused by statistical fluc-tuations in the traffic entering the network and shifts in where the traffic leaves the network. For an accurate view of how the traffic matrix evolves over...
The Theory of Quaternion Matrix Derivatives
Xu, Dongpo; Mandic, Danilo P.
A systematic theory is introduced for calculating the derivatives of quaternion matrix function with respect to quaternion matrix variables. The proposed methodology is equipped with the matrix product rule and chain rule and it is able to handle both analytic and nonanalytic functions. This corrects a flaw in the existing methods, that is, the incorrect use of the traditional product rule. In the framework introduced, the derivatives of quaternion matrix functions can be calculated directly ...
Bayesian analysis of matrix data with rstiefel
Hoff, Peter D.
We illustrate the use of the R-package "rstiefel" for matrix-variate data analysis in the context of two examples. The first example considers estimation of a reduced-rank mean matrix in the presence of normally distributed noise. The second example considers the modeling of a social network of friendships among teenagers. Bayesian estimation for these models requires the ability to simulate from the matrix-variate von Mises-Fisher distributions and the matrix-variate Bingham distributions on...
Electrotactile and vibrotactile displays for sensory substitution systems
Kaczmarek, Kurt A.; Webster, John G.; Bach-Y-rita, Paul; Tompkins, Willis J.
Sensory substitution systems provide their users with environmental information through a human sensory channel (eye, ear, or skin) different from that normally used or with the information processed in some useful way. The authors review the methods used to present visual, auditory, and modified tactile information to the skin and discuss present and potential future applications of sensory substitution, including tactile vision substitution (TVS), tactile auditory substitution, and remote tactile sensing or feedback (teletouch). The relevant sensory physiology of the skin, including the mechanisms of normal touch and the mechanisms and sensations associated with electrical stimulation of the skin using surface electrodes (electrotactile, or electrocutaneous, stimulation), is reviewed. The information-processing ability of the tactile sense and its relevance to sensory substitution is briefly summarized. The limitations of current tactile display technologies are discussed.
The weighted difference substitutions and Nonnegativity Decision of Forms
Hou, Xiaorong; Shao, Junwei
In this paper, we study the weighted difference substitutions from geometrical views. First, we give the geometric meanings of the weighted difference substitutions, and introduce the concept of convergence of the sequence of substitution sets. Then it is proven that the sequence of the successive weighted difference substitution sets is convergent. Based on the convergence of the sequence of the successive weighted difference sets, a new, simpler method to prove that if the form F is positive definite on T_n, then the sequence of sets {SDS^m(F)} is positively terminating is presented, which is different from the one given in [11]. That is, we can decide the nonnegativity of a positive definite form by successively running the weighted difference substitutions finite times. Finally, an algorithm for deciding an indefinite form with a counter-example is obtained, and some examples are listed by using the obtained algorithm.
Ultrastructure of a hyaluronic acid matrix
Hadler, Nortin M.; Dourmashkin, Robert R; Nermut, Milan V.; Williams, Lynn D.
Freeze-etch replicas of a hylauronic acid matrix were visualized by electron microscopy. In water a coarse branching fibrillar network of hyaluronic acid aggregates was seen. The high solvent permeability of this matrix suggests that the spaces observed are relatively devoid of unaggregated polymer. Addition of calcium disordered the matrix, resulting in a more dispersed felt of polymer.
An inversion algorithm for general tridiagonal matrix
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Rui-sheng RAN; Ting-zhu HUANG; Xing-ping LIU; Tong-xiang GU
An algorithm for the inverse of a general tridiagonal matrix is presented. For a tridiagonal matrix having the Doolittle factorization, an inversion algorithm is established.The algorithm is then generalized to deal with a general tridiagonal matrix without any restriction. Comparison with other methods is provided, indicating low computational complexity of the proposed algorithm, and its applicability to general tridiagonal matrices.
Matrix metalloproteinases: old dogs with new tricks
Somerville, Robert PT; Oblander, Samantha A; Apte, Suneel S.
The matrix metalloproteinase family in humans comprises 23 enzymes, which are involved in many biological processes and diseases. It was previously thought that these enzymes acted only to degrade components of the extracellular matrix, but this view has changed with the discovery that non-extracellular-matrix molecules are also substrates.
Association of action I: effect of legume substitution on DM digestion kinetics in situ
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Berseem substitution increased (P>0.05) the in situ DM disappearance of combination feeds with the maximum disappearance at 20% substitution level and a declining trend with the higher substitution levels Berseem substitution decreased (P0.05) by substitution. (author)
Rh(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Benzoic Acids with Geminal-Substituted Vinyl Acetates: Synthesis of 3-Substituted Isocoumarins.
Zhang, Mingliang; Zhang, Hui-Jun; Han, Tiantian; Ruan, Wenqing; Wen, Ting-Bin
The Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation initiated cyclization of benzoic acids with electron-rich geminal-substituted vinyl acetates was described. The reaction was employed to prepare a range of 3-aryl and 3-alkyl substituted isocoumarins selectively. PMID:25436434
Mutagenesis analysis of the murine leukemia virus matrix protein: identification of regions important for membrane localization and intracellular transport.
Soneoka, Y; Kingsman, S M; Kingsman, A J
We have created two sets of substitution mutations in the Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) matrix protein in order to identify domains involved in association with the plasma membrane and in incorporation of the viral envelope glycoproteins into virus particles. The first set of mutations was targeted at putative membrane-associating regions similar to those of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein, which include a polybasic region at the N terminus of the Mo-MuLV matr...
P-15 small peptide bone graft substitute in the treatment of non-unions and delayed union. A pilot clinical trial
Gomar, Francisco; Orozco, Rafael; Villar, Jose Luis; Arrizabalaga, Federico
Treatment of non-unions and delayed unions often requires osteogenic material. Recently, a biomimetic bone matrix that simulates the cellular environment of hard tissue, identified as P-15, was introduced to the orthopaedic community. A total of 22 patients with mal-union or delayed union fractures was treated from June 2000 to October 2003 with P15- bone graft substitute (P15-BGS) in the site of fracture and mostly with internal fixation. Patients were examined by independent radiographic an...
Corrosion of ceramic matrix composites
Scanu, T.; Colomban, Ph.
Air stable ceramic matrix composites are promising for thermostructural applications such as aircraft engine parts. Turbine parts are subject to both sulphuric acid and sodium molten salts corrosion due to sulphate traces in engine fuel and to the NaCl air content. The chemical stability is a very important criterion but this point has not received much attention to date. We report here a study of acidic and sodium corrosion of various aluminosilicate matrices : LAS matrices (Li2OAl2O32-6SiO2...
Random Matrix Theory and Econophysics
Rosenow, Bernd
Random Matrix Theory (RMT) [1] is used in many branches of physics as a ``zero information hypothesis''. It describes generic behavior of different classes of systems, while deviations from its universal predictions allow to identify system specific properties. We use methods of RMT to analyze the cross-correlation matrix C of stock price changes [2] of the largest 1000 US companies. In addition to its scientific interest, the study of correlations between the returns of different stocks is also of practical relevance in quantifying the risk of a given stock portfolio. We find [3,4] that the statistics of most of the eigenvalues of the spectrum of C agree with the predictions of RMT, while there are deviations for some of the largest eigenvalues. We interpret these deviations as a system specific property, e.g. containing genuine information about correlations in the stock market. We demonstrate that C shares universal properties with the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices. Furthermore, we analyze the eigenvectors of C through their inverse participation ratio and find eigenvectors with large ratios at both edges of the eigenvalue spectrum - a situation reminiscent of localization theory results. This work was done in collaboration with V. Plerou, P. Gopikrishnan, T. Guhr, L.A.N. Amaral, and H.E Stanley and is related to recent work of Laloux et al.. 1. T. Guhr, A. Müller Groeling, and H.A. Weidenmüller, ``Random Matrix Theories in Quantum Physics: Common Concepts'', Phys. Rep. 299, 190 (1998). 2. See, e.g. R.N. Mantegna and H.E. Stanley, Econophysics: Correlations and Complexity in Finance (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1999). 3. V. Plerou, P. Gopikrishnan, B. Rosenow, L.A.N. Amaral, and H.E. Stanley, ``Universal and Nonuniversal Properties of Cross Correlations in Financial Time Series'', Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1471 (1999). 4. V. Plerou, P. Gopikrishnan, T. Guhr, B. Rosenow, L.A.N. Amaral, and H.E. Stanley, ``Random Matrix Theory
Teaching Tip: When a Matrix and Its Inverse Are Stochastic
Ding, J.; Rhee, N. H.
A stochastic matrix is a square matrix with nonnegative entries and row sums 1. The simplest example is a permutation matrix, whose rows permute the rows of an identity matrix. A permutation matrix and its inverse are both stochastic. We prove the converse, that is, if a matrix and its inverse are both stochastic, then it is a permutation matrix.
Gd-substituted Bi-2223 superconductor
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
D R Mishra
The effects of gadolinium doping at calcium site on the normal and super-conducting properties of Bi-2223 system were studied. The Gd-doped (BiPb)-2223 series of specimens, namely Batch I, II and III were sintered at three different sintering temperatures 830, 850 and 895° C respectively. The properties investigated are (1) the normal state resistivity with a view to study metal-to-insulator transition, (2) the XRD patterns of the specimens with a view to study the relative composition of (BiPb)-2212 and (BiPb)-2223 phases and (3) the superconducting fluctuation behaviour (SFB) with a view to determine the effect of doping, if any, on the dimensionality of the fluctuation conductivity of the system. The normal state resistivity of Gd-substituted Bi-2223 specimens shows metallic, semiconducting and insulating behaviour. The c( = 0) values indicate that (BiPb)-2223 phase is responsible for the observed superconducting transitions in Batch I and Batch II specimens with Gd concentrations ≤ 0.7. This observation is further confirmed in the analysis of XRD patterns of these specimens. Gadolinium, being a magnetic impurity, has pair breaking effect near the Fermi level and decreases c( = 0). The analysis of the superconducting fluctuation behaviour (SFB) shows a 2D dimensionality without any cross-over.
Hazardous Solvent Substitution Data System reference manual
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Concern for the environment, in addition to Federal regulation, mandate the replacement of hazardous solvents with safer cleaning agents. Manufacturers are working to produce these replacement solvents. As these products are developed, potential users need to be informed of their availability. To promote the use of these new products instead of traditional solvents, the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) has developed the Hazardous Solvent Substitution Data System (HSSDS). The HSSDS provides a comprehensive system of information on alternatives to hazardous solvents and related subjects, and it makes that information available to solvent users, industrial hygienists, and process engineers. The HSSDS uses TOPIC reg-sign, a text retrieval system produced by Verity, Inc., to allow a user to search for information on a particular subject. TOPIC reg-sign produces a listing of the retrieved documents and allows the use to examine the documents individually and to use the information contained in them. This reference manual does not replace the comprehensive TOPIC reg-sign user documentation (available from Verity, Inc.), or the HSSDS Tutorial (available from the INEL). The purpose of this reference manual is to provide enough instruction on TOPIC reg-sign so the user may begin accessing the data contained in the HSSDS
Production of Substitute Natural Gas from Coal
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Andrew Lucero
The goal of this research program was to develop and demonstrate a novel gasification technology to produce substitute natural gas (SNG) from coal. The technology relies on a continuous sequential processing method that differs substantially from the historic methanation or hydro-gasification processing technologies. The thermo-chemistry relies on all the same reactions, but the processing sequences are different. The proposed concept is appropriate for western sub-bituminous coals, which tend to be composed of about half fixed carbon and about half volatile matter (dry ash-free basis). In the most general terms the process requires four steps (1) separating the fixed carbon from the volatile matter (pyrolysis); (2) converting the volatile fraction into syngas (reforming); (3) reacting the syngas with heated carbon to make methane-rich fuel gas (methanation and hydro-gasification); and (4) generating process heat by combusting residual char (combustion). A key feature of this technology is that no oxygen plant is needed for char combustion.
Substitution of photomultiplier tubes by photodiodes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The application of Si semiconductors, either of the conventional or the avalanche type, as light amplifiers in radiation detection, has been studied aiming the substitution of photomultiplier (PM) tubes by photodiodes. The objective of this work is to compare the response of photodiodes and PM tubes when coupled to scintillation crystals. A Hamamatsu Si photodiode, model S 1337-66 B Q, was coupled to a Harshaw NaI (TI) scintillation crystal of window diameter equal to 25,4 mm. Its performance was evaluated by specially designed associated electronics, compatible with the photodiode characteristics. X-ray beams from 30 to 111 KeV were used to determine the response and the repeatability of the scintillator-photodiode and the scintillator-PM tube systems. The repeatability was found to be within 0,27% for the photodiode and 0,57% for the PM tube. This work confirmed that photodiodes can be used as light amplifiers, provided their characteristics, such as light spectrum response, are considered. It also shows that further studies are necessary in order to identify the applications in radiation detection where PM tubes might be replaced by photodiodes. (author)
Energy conservation and substitution: refining the objectives
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Foley, G.
Energy conservation is not a precisely defined concept; consequently, there is a considerable confusion about how to implement it or predict its effects. Reducing dependence on oil should be the central objective of energy policy, but this may not be furthered by generalized conservation strategies. Achieving a reduction in oil dependence requires a balanced policy of conservation and substitution. As governments have reacted against oil price rises and the subsequent inflationary effects with a swing towards monetarism and a harsher reliance upon market forces, the role of oil has become even more important. Reliance upon these policies has not eased the oil blockage upon economic activity; it has made it worse and made the task of providing alternatives to oil more difficult. Market forces have had a wedging, rather than a freeing, effect upon the pattern of energy supply. But the point is that conservation, on its own, does not create the momentum away from oil which is essential. The immediate objective is not to achieve a reduction in the consumption of energy as an end in itself, but as part of a liberation from dependence upon oil. Energy conservation needs to be seen as a servant of this wider objective. 21 references.
The Benefit of Currency Substitution during High Inflation and Stabilization The Benefit of Currency Substitution during High Inflation and Stabilization
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jacek Rostowski
Full Text Available Allowing currency substitution in a very high inflation helps to maintain the level of output, as, the distortion of the information carried by prices is mitigated. The total (primary plus secondary money supply may increase if currency substitution is permitted. Currency substitution does not even necessarily reduce the real primary money stock. Moreover, the demand for the primary money fragments at very high rates of inflation, which means that the authorities may loose little when they give up the attempt to obtain inflation tax revenue. Currency substitution need be no more expensive, in term of the real resources it consumes, than is indexation. Finally the availability of a second stable currency may reduce the severity of post-stabilization recessions. The Benefit of Currency Substitution during High Inflation and Stabilization
Singular Value Decomposition for Unitary Symmetric Matrix
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZOUHongxing; WANGDianjun; DAIQionghai; LIYanda
A special architecture called unitary sym-metric matrix which embodies orthogonal, Givens, House-holder, permutation, and row (or column) symmetric ma-trices as its special cases, is proposed, and a precise corre-spondence of singular values and singular vectors between the unitary symmetric matrix and its mother matrix is de-rived. As an illustration of potential, it is shown that, for a class of unitary symmetric matrices, the singular value decomposition (SVD) using the mother matrix rather than the unitary symmetric matrix per se can save dramatically the CPU time and memory without loss of any numerical precision.
The Theory of Quaternion Matrix Derivatives
Xu, Dongpo; Mandic, Danilo P.
A systematic theory is introduced for calculating the derivatives of quaternion matrix function with respect to quaternion matrix variables. The proposed methodology is equipped with the matrix product rule and chain rule and it is able to handle both analytic and nonanalytic functions. This corrects a flaw in the existing methods, that is, the incorrect use of the traditional product rule. In the framework introduced, the derivatives of quaternion matrix functions can be calculated directly without the differential of this function. Key results are summarized in tables. Several examples show how the quaternion matrix derivatives can be used as an important tool for solving problems related to signal processing.
The q-Laguerre matrix polynomials.
Salem, Ahmed
The Laguerre polynomials have been extended to Laguerre matrix polynomials by means of studying certain second-order matrix differential equation. In this paper, certain second-order matrix q-difference equation is investigated and solved. Its solution gives a generalized of the q-Laguerre polynomials in matrix variable. Four generating functions of this matrix polynomials are investigated. Two slightly different explicit forms are introduced. Three-term recurrence relation, Rodrigues-type formula and the q-orthogonality property are given. PMID:27190749
Fuzzy Symmetric Solutions of Fuzzy Matrix Equations
Xiaobin Guo; Dequan Shang
The fuzzy symmetric solution of fuzzy matrix equation AX˜=B˜, in which A is a crisp m×m nonsingular matrix and B˜ is an m×n fuzzy numbers matrix with nonzero spreads, is investigated. The fuzzy matrix equation is converted to a fuzzy system of linear equations according to the Kronecker product of matrices. From solving the fuzzy linear system, three types of fuzzy symmetric solutions of the fuzzy matrix equation are derived. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the proposed method....
Linear algebra and matrix analysis for statistics
Banerjee, Sudipto
Matrices, Vectors, and Their OperationsBasic definitions and notations Matrix addition and scalar-matrix multiplication Matrix multiplication Partitioned matricesThe ""trace"" of a square matrix Some special matricesSystems of Linear EquationsIntroduction Gaussian elimination Gauss-Jordan elimination Elementary matrices Homogeneous linear systems The inverse of a matrixMore on Linear EquationsThe LU decompositionCrout's Algorithm LU decomposition with row interchanges The LDU and Cholesky factorizations Inverse of partitioned matrices The LDU decomposition for partitioned matricesThe Sherman-W
MatrixPlot: visualizing sequence constraints
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gorodkin, Jan; Stærfeldt, Hans Henrik; Lund, Ole;
MatrixPlot: visualizing sequence constraints. Sub-title Abstract Summary : MatrixPlot is a program for making high-quality matrix plots, such as mutual information plots of sequence alignments and distance matrices of sequences with known three-dimensional coordinates. The user can add information...... about the sequences (e.g. a sequence logo profile) along the edges of the plot, as well as zoom in on any region in the plot. Availability : MatrixPlot can be obtained on request, and can also be accessed online at http://www. cbs.dtu.dk/services/MatrixPlot. Contact : firstname.lastname@example.com...
Absorption and fluorescence properties of aryl substituted porphyrins in different media
Bozkurt, Serap Seyhan; Merdivan, Melek; Ayata, Sevda
Absorption and fluorescence properties of aryl substituted porphyrins, 5,10,15,20-tetra-4-oxy(aceticacid)phenylporphyrin (TAPP), 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-phenoxyphenyl) porphyrin (TPPP), 5,10,15,20-tetra-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (TBHPP), and 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-chloromethylphenyl porphyrin (CMPP) were investigated. The UV/vis absorption, fluorescence and excited spectra as the fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes for the compounds were measured in organic solvents (chloroform (CHCl 3), tetrahydrofuran (THF)) and immobilized media (PVC film, sol-gel matrix). The fluorescence quantum yields of TAPP and TPPP were higher than the others. The fluorescence lifetimes of all studied porphyrin derivates were found to be fifty percent lower and their fluorescence intensities were increased fifty percent more in both of immobilized mediums, as compared to organic solvents.
Effect of storage temperature on self-irradiation damage of 238Pu-substituted zirconolite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
238Pu-substituted cubic zirconolite (CaPuTi2O7) was stored at ambient temperature, 5750 K, and 8750 K until alpha decay doses of 2.4 to 3.6 x 1025/m3 had been accumulated. The ambient temperature material swelled to a saturation value of 5.5 vol %, and the originally crystalline structure was transformed to one with an amorphous matrix and small domains that had retained their crystallinity. At 5750 K, lesser amounts of swelling (4.1 vol %) and transformation were observed, reflecting concurrent partial recovery. The material held at 8750 K remained crystalline, swelled only 0.4 vol %, and exhibited formation of isolated defect clusters. 5 figures
Thin wall ductile iron casting as a substitute for aluminum alloy casting in automotive industry
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. Górny
Full Text Available In paper it is presented thin wall ductile iron casting (TWDI as a substitute of aluminium alloy casting. Upper control arm made of ductile iron with wall thickness ranging from 2 – 3.7 mm was produced by inmold process. Structure, mechanical properties and computer simulations were investigated. Structural analysis of TWDI shows pearlitic-ferritic matrix free from chills and porosity. Mechanical testing disclose superior ultimate tensile strength (Rm, yield strength (Rp0,2 and slightly lower elongation (E of TWDI in comparison with forged control arm made of aluminium alloy (6061-T6. Moreover results of computer simulation of static loading for tested control arms are presented. Analysis show that the light-weight ductile iron casting can be loaded to similar working conditions as the forged Al alloy without any potential failures.
Minimal solution for inconsistent singular fuzzy matrix equations
M. Nikuie; M. K. Mirnia
The fuzzy matrix equations $Ailde{X}=ilde{Y}$ is called a singular fuzzy matrix equations while the coefficients matrix of its equivalent crisp matrix equations be a singular matrix. The singular fuzzy matrix equations are divided into two parts: consistent singular matrix equations and inconsistent fuzzy matrix equations. In this paper, the inconsistent singular fuzzy matrix equations is studied and the effect of generalized inverses in finding minimal solution of an inconsistent singular fu...
Colored graphs and matrix integrals
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this article we discuss two different asymptotic expansions of matrix integrals. The original approach using the so-called Feynman diagram techniques leads to sums over isomorphism classes of ribbon graphs. Asymptotic expansions of more general Gaussian integrals are sums over isomorphism classes of colored graphs without ribbon structure. Here we derive the former expansion from the latter one. This provides an independent proof for the expansion used by Kontsevich. It might be very interesting to compare the algebra arising in these two approaches. The asymptotic expansion using ribbon graphs leads to the tau function of the KDV hierarchy while the sums over colored graphs satisfy simple partial differential equations which generalize the Burgers equation. We describe the general approach using colored graphs in the second section. In the third section we specialize the results of the second section for the matrix integral. In this section we also derive the expansion over ribbon graphs. The proof is based on simple topological considerations which are contained in section 5. In the last section we give an explicit calculation of the first term of the expansion using colored graphs
Interpolation of rational matrix functions
Ball, Joseph A; Rodman, Leiba
This book aims to present the theory of interpolation for rational matrix functions as a recently matured independent mathematical subject with its own problems, methods and applications. The authors decided to start working on this book during the regional CBMS conference in Lincoln, Nebraska organized by F. Gilfeather and D. Larson. The principal lecturer, J. William Helton, presented ten lectures on operator and systems theory and the interplay between them. The conference was very stimulating and helped us to decide that the time was ripe for a book on interpolation for matrix valued functions (both rational and non-rational). When the work started and the first partial draft of the book was ready it became clear that the topic is vast and that the rational case by itself with its applications is already enough material for an interesting book. In the process of writing the book, methods for the rational case were developed and refined. As a result we are now able to present the rational case as an indepe...
Sparse Matrix Inversion with Scaled Lasso
Sun, Tingni
We propose a new method of learning a sparse nonnegative-definite target matrix. Our primary example of the target matrix is the inverse of a population covariance matrix or correlation matrix. The algorithm first estimates each column of the matrix by scaled Lasso, a joint estimation of regression coefficients and noise level, and then adjusts the matrix estimator to be symmetric. The procedure is efficient in the sense that the penalty level of the scaled Lasso for each column is completely determined by the data via convex minimization, without using cross-validation. We prove that this method guarantees the fastest proven rate of convergence in the spectrum norm under conditions of weaker form than those in the existing analyses of other $\\ell_1$ algorithms, and has faster guaranteed rate of convergence when the ratio of the $\\ell_1$ and spectrum norms of the target inverse matrix diverges to infinity. A simulation study also demonstrates the competitive performance of the proposed estimator.
Structure, bonding, and catalytic activity of monodisperse, transition-metal-substituted CeO2 nanoparticles.
Elias, Joseph S; Risch, Marcel; Giordano, Livia; Mansour, Azzam N; Shao-Horn, Yang
We present a simple and generalizable synthetic route toward phase-pure, monodisperse transition-metal-substituted ceria nanoparticles (M0.1Ce0.9O2-x, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). The solution-based pyrolysis of a series of heterobimetallic Schiff base complexes ensures a rigorous control of the size, morphology and composition of 3 nm M0.1Ce0.9O2-x crystallites for CO oxidation catalysis and other applications. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms the dispersion of aliovalent (M(3+) and M(2+)) transition metal ions into the ceria matrix without the formation of any bulk transition metal oxide phases, while steady-state CO oxidation catalysis reveals an order of magnitude increase in catalytic activity with copper substitution. Density functional calculations of model slabs of these compounds confirm the stabilization of M(3+) and M(2+) in the lattice of CeO2. These results highlight the role of the host CeO2 lattice in stabilizing high oxidation states of aliovalent transition metal dopants that ordinarily would be intractable, such as Cu(3+), as well as demonstrating a rational approach to catalyst design. The current work demonstrates, for the first time, a generalizable approach for the preparation of transition-metal-substituted CeO2 for a broad range of transition metals with unparalleled synthetic control and illustrates that Cu(3+) is implicated in the mechanism for CO oxidation on CuO-CeO2 catalysts. PMID:25406101
A facile fabrication of porous PMMA as a potential bone substitute
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Han Jing; Ma Guiping [State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (China); Nie Jun, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (China); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)
This study is aimed to develop porous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a potential bone substitute via a facile fabrication method. Composites consisting of water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) and PMMA were prepared by combining freeze-drying with radical polymerization. Open porous PMMA with controlled porosities were obtained after the CSO was extracted gradually from the composites. The CSO aqueous solutions with different concentrations were frozen and then freeze-dried to obtain interconnected porous framework. Methyl methacrylate with initiators and a crosslink agent was introduced into the porous framework and polymerized, resulting in two-continuous phase composites. The mechanical properties of the initial composites and porous materials after immersion in PBS for 8 weeks were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis was conducted to study the mechanical strength of the composite, compared with bulk PMMA. Porosity and morphology of porous PMMA were studied using the liquid displacement method and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that composite exhibited better thermal stability than bulk PMMA. The composites became porous materials after extracting bioactive CSO component. The mechanical properties of porous materials were closer to those of cancellous bone. The generation of pores using CSO seems to be a promising method to prepare porous PMMA as a potential bone substitute. - Research Highlights: {yields} Chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) /poly(methyl methacrylate) composites was fabricated. {yields} The composites became interconnected porous PMMA after CSO was dissolved. {yields} The introduction of CSO could modulate the properties of PMMA matrix. {yields} The generation of pores using CSO is a facile method to obtain porous PMMA. {yields} The porous PMMA has potential in biomedical field as a bone substitute.
Synthesis; characterization and antimicrobial effects of composites based on multi-substituted hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles
Mocanu, Aurora; Furtos, Gabriel; Rapuntean, Sorin; Horovitz, Ossi; Flore, Chirila; Garbo, Corina; Danisteanu, Ancuta; Rapuntean, Gheorghe; Prejmerean, Cristina; Tomoaia-Cotisel, Maria
Nano hydroxyapatite doped with zinc (0.2 wt%), silver (0.25 wt%) and gold (0.025 wt%), (HAP), has been obtained by an innovative wet chemical approach, coupled with a reduction process for silver and gold. The synthesized multi-substituted nano HAP was freeze-dried and calcined at 650 °C. Nano HAP has been characterized by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and imaging techniques: TEM, SEM and AFM. Then, nano HAP was mixed with previously synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), in the amount of 9 wt%, to give a novel material (HAP-Ag). The AgNPs were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate with glucose in alkaline medium. TEM and UV-Vis confirmed the formation of AgNPs with an average size of 12 nm. Further, organic matrix composites were obtained from a filler made of HAP and/or HAP-Ag and a mixture of monomers (such as bis-GMA and TEG-DMA), which were polymerized at various compositions in AgNPs content up to 5.4 wt%. Antibacterial activities of these composites were investigated against several different pathogenic species: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans, using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. Antibacterial activities are enhanced with increasing of silver content within composites. These effects clearly reveal that AgNPs can be effectively utilized in combination with multi-substituted HAP and polymeric matrix, both used as carriers, in order to improve their efficiency against various pathogenic species. These composites can be considered a promising antimicrobial material for coating of orthopedic and dental implants or used as bone cements in surgical applications.
The role of biomass in US industrial interfuel substitution
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The role of biomass in US industrial interfuel substitution in the industrial sector has typically been analyzed using data for the four traditional fuels of coal, oil, electricity and natural gas. However, the use of biomass as an industrial fuel in the US has grown, and now exceeds that of coal. Using data from 1960 to 2011, interfuel substitution in the US industrial sector is modeled with a dynamic linear logit model which includes biomass alongside the other four traditional fuels. Adding biomass to the model reduces somewhat the estimated own-price and cross-price elasticities for the other four fuels, while revealing that biomass and natural gas are substitute fuels. This implies that previous studies excluding biomass may have overestimated the potential for interfuel substitution, giving policy makers an inaccurate impression of the ability of carbon taxes or other environmental regulation to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. - Highlights: • Biomass usage by the US industrial sector now exceeds coal usage. • Previous interfuel substitution studies have not included biomass as a fuel. • Linear logit model is used to examine role of biomass in interfuel substitution. • Including biomass in the model lowers estimated price elasticities for traditional fuels. • Biomass is found to be a substitute for natural gas for industrial users
Hotspots of biased nucleotide substitutions in human genes.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jonas Berglund
Full Text Available Genes that have experienced accelerated evolutionary rates on the human lineage during recent evolution are candidates for involvement in human-specific adaptations. To determine the forces that cause increased evolutionary rates in certain genes, we analyzed alignments of 10,238 human genes to their orthologues in chimpanzee and macaque. Using a likelihood ratio test, we identified protein-coding sequences with an accelerated rate of base substitutions along the human lineage. Exons evolving at a fast rate in humans have a significant tendency to contain clusters of AT-to-GC (weak-to-strong biased substitutions. This pattern is also observed in noncoding sequence flanking rapidly evolving exons. Accelerated exons occur in regions with elevated male recombination rates and exhibit an excess of nonsynonymous substitutions relative to the genomic average. We next analyzed genes with significantly elevated ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous rates of base substitution (dN/dS along the human lineage, and those with an excess of amino acid replacement substitutions relative to human polymorphism. These genes also show evidence of clusters of weak-to-strong biased substitutions. These findings indicate that a recombination-associated process, such as biased gene conversion (BGC, is driving fixation of GC alleles in the human genome. This process can lead to accelerated evolution in coding sequences and excess amino acid replacement substitutions, thereby generating significant results for tests of positive selection.
The radiological properties of a novel lung tissue substitute
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lung phantoms have been manufactured using commercially available, polyurethane foam products. Some of these materials are no longer available; therefore, a new lung tissue substitute was developed. The elemental composition and radiological properties of the new lung tissue substitute are described in this paper. Because the lung tissue substitute will be used to manufacture phantom lungs that will be used to evaluate chest counting systems, it is necessary to know the radiological properties of the material. These properties must be compared with reference materials and materials that have been used for lung phantoms in the past. The radiological properties of interest include the electron density, mean excitation energy, electron stopping power and photon mass attenuation coefficients. In all these properties, the calculated values for the new lung tissue substitute closely matched the calculated values of ICRU Publication 44 lung tissue. Good agreement was also found when the new lung tissue substitute was compared with the Griffith lung tissue substitute described by the ICRU. The new material was determined to be an excellent lung tissue substitute. (authors)
Effect of saccades in tongue electrotactile stimulation for vision substitution applications.
Chekhchoukh, A; Vuillerme, N; Payan, Y; Glade, N
The visual substitution paradigm aims to facilitate the life of blind people. Generally one uses electro-stimulating devices where electrodes are arranged into arrays to stimulate the skin or the tongue mucosa to send signals of visual type to the subjects. When an electro-stimulation signal is applied continuously (e.g. when static visual scenes are displayed for a long period of time), the receptors of the affected region can get saturated and the patient may lose the displayed information. We propose here some mechanisms that ameliorate the quality of perception of the electro-stimulation information. The electrical signal is encoded as 2D scenes projected onto the tongue via a Tongue Display Unit, i.e. an electro-tactile stimulator formed by a 12×12 matrix of electrodes. We propose to apply stochastic saccades on this signal. Our assumption is that this eye-inspired mechanism should make the visual substitution more efficient (by improving the perception) because of the reduction of the tactile receptors saturation. The influence of saccades was evaluated by a series of experiments. Results revealed a benefit on the persistence of perception due to saccades. This work helps to prevent the saturation of receptors on the tongue. Therefore increasing the quality of vision by the way of the electro-stimulation. It allows new enhancement features to retinal prosthesis devices which suffer from the same phenomenon. PMID:24110494
Effect of substitution of sand stone dust for quartz and clay in triaxial porcelain composition
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
M K Haldar; S K Das
Quartz and kaolin were partially substituted by sand stone dust (a siliceous byproduct of Indian stone cutting and polishing industries) in a traditional triaxial porcelain composition consisting of kaolin, quartz and feldsper. The effect of substitution upon heating at different temperatures (1050–1150°C) were studied by measuring the linear shrinkage, bulk density, porosity and flexural strength. Qualititative phase and microstructural analysis on selected samples were carried out using XRD and SEM/EDX technique. The results show that the samples of all the batches achieved higher density (2.50 g/cc) and almost full vitrification (<0.1% apparent porosity) at around 1115°C compared to around 1300°C for traditional triaxial porcelain composition. As high as 70 MPa flexural strength was obtained in most of the vitrified samples. No significant variation in physico-mechanical properties was observed in between the composition. XRD studies on selected samples show presence of mainly quartz phase both at low and high temperatures. SEM photomicrographs of the 1115°C heated specimen show presence of quartz grain and glassy matrix. Few quartz grains (20–40m) are associated with circumferential cracks around them.
Effect of saccades in tongue electrotactile stimulation for vision substitution applications
Chekhchoukh, Abdessalem; Payan, Yohan; Glade, Nicolas
The visual substitution paradigm aims to facilitate the life of blind people. Generally one uses electro-stimulating devices where electrodes are arranged into arrays to stimulate the skin or the tongue mucosa to send signals of visual type to the subjects. When an electro-stimulation signal is applied continuously (e.g. when static visual scenes are displayed for a long period of time), the receptors of the affected region can get saturated and the patient may lose the displayed information. We propose here some mechanisms that ameliorate the quality of perception of the electro-stimulation information. The electrical signal is encoded as 2D scenes projected onto the tongue via a Tongue Display Unit, i.e. an electro-tactile stimulator formed by a 12x12 matrix of electrodes. We propose to apply stochastic saccades on this signal. Our assumption is that this eye-inspired mechanism should make the visual substitution more efficient (by improving the perception) because of the reduction of the tactile receptors ...
40 CFR 721.9480 - Resorcinol, formaldehyde substituted carbomonocycle resin (generic).
... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Resorcinol, formaldehyde substituted... New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.9480 Resorcinol, formaldehyde substituted... chemical substance identified generically as resorcinol, formaldehyde substituted carbomonocycle resin...
Elasticity of substitution and anti-dumping decisions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, Jørgen Drud; Meinen, Philipp; Nielsen, Jørgen Ulff-Møller
Motivated by a monopolistic competition model with market segmentation and international price discrimination, this paper analyzes whether there is an inverse relation between the elasticity of substitution and final ad valorem anti-dumping duties across products. We test this for 19 countries...... using data on anti-dumping from the Global Antidumping Database and US data at the 6-digit HS product level for the elasticity of substitution from Broda and Weinstein (Q J Econ 121(2):541–585, 2006). The results in our empirical investigation support a negative relation between the elasticity...... of substitution and the final ad valorem anti-dumping duties....
Associations between generic substitution and patient-related factors
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Østergaard Rathe, Jette
generically substitutable drug. Data were linked with a prescription database. Results We found no associations between generic substitution and, respectively, gender, age, drug group and polypharmacy. Earlier switches of the index drug are statistically significant associated with acceptance of generic...... more likely to switch again despite skepticism towards generic substitution. Points for discussion at EGPRN Discussion of the results,-that no difference in gender, age, drug group or polypharmacy exists, irrespective of switching generics or not. Discussion of the reason why one earlier index ATC...
Preserving visual saliency in image to sound substitution systems
Ancuti, Codruta O.; Ancuti, Cosmin; Bekaert, Philippe
Color plays a significant role in the scene interpretation in terms of visual perception. Numerous visual substitution systems deal with grayscale images disregarding this information from original image. Visually percept color-based details often fade due to the grayscale conversion and that can mislead the overall comprehension of the considered scene. We present a decolorization method that considers color contrast and preserve color saliency after transformation. We exploit this model to enhance the perception of visually disable persons over the interpreted images by the substitution system. The results demonstrate that our enhance system is capable to improves the overall scene interpretation in comparison with similar substitution system.
[Breast milk substitutes based on cow milk].
Kofoed, P E
"Adapted" or "humanized" breast-milk substitutes based on cows' milk are manufactured according to directives from a publication issued by the Ministry of Agriculture. The accepted recommendations for the daily intake (RDA) of nutrients is adjusted to the neonates' relatively low tolerance and provides a certain margin of safety in case of illness and slight inaccuracies in preparation. The recommendations are, however, often based on animal experiments, studies of pathological conditions etc. because the needs of the neonate are not known. There is a fundamental difference between RDA for chemical energy and various nutrients as the energy requirement is stated on the basis of average values while the requirements for specific nutrients are gives as upper and lower limiting values. In addition to nutrients, a long series of hormones, enzymes and antimicrobial factors are transferred to the infant via breast-milk. The nutritional significance of these is entirely or partially unknown. It is thus impossible to give the bottle-fed infant a diet which is quantitatively and qualitatively identical with that of a breastfed baby. Nevertheless, experience has shown that bottle-feeding usually proceeds satisfactorily. Galactosaemia and certain forms of medication in the mother constitute absolute contraindications to breast-feeding while phenylketonuria, certain maternal infections are relative contraindications to breast-feeding. Mothers should be prepared for breast-feeding already during pregnancy but in the cases where the mother cannot, should not or does not wish to breast-feed, it is important to counteract any feelings of guilt, neglect or incompetence and, on the other hand, give her thorough training in artificial feeding of the infant. PMID:2205958
Substitute natural gas from biomass gasification
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tunaa, Per (Lund Inst. of Technology, Lund (SE))
Biomass is by many considered as the only alternative to phase-out the usage of fossil fuels such as natural gas and oil especially for the transportation sector where alternative solutions, such as hydrogen fuel cells and batteries, are not yet fully developed. Thermal gasification or other methods such as pyrolysis of the biomass must be applied in order to produce an intermediate product suitable for further upgrading to either gaseous or liquid products. This thesis will evaluate the possibilities of producing, substitute natural gas, (SNG) from biomass gasification by using computer simulation. Three different gasification techniques were evaluated; entrained-flow, fluidized-bed and indirect gasification coupled with two different desulphurisation systems and two methanation processes. The desulphurisation systems were a zinc oxide bed and a Rectisol wash system. Methanation were performed by a series of adiabatic reactors with gas recycling and by an isothermal reactor. The impact on SNG efficiency from system pressure, isothermal methanation temperature and PSA methane recovery were evaluated as well. The results show that the fluidized-bed and the indirect gasifier have the highest SNG efficiency. Furthermore there are little to no difference between the methanation processes and small differences for the gas cleanup systems. SNG efficiencies in excess of 50 % were possible for all gasifiers. SNG efficiency is defined as the energy in the SNG product divided by the total input to the system from biomass, drying and oxygen. Increasing system pressure has a negative impact on SNG efficiency as well as increasing operating costs due to increased power for compression. Isothermal methanation temperature has no significant impact on SNG efficiency. Recovering as much methane as possible in the PSA is the most important parameter. Recovering methane that has been dissolved in condensed process water increases the SNG efficiency by 2-10% depending on system.
Chitosan Dermal Substitute and Chitosan Skin Substitute Contribute to Accelerated Full-Thickness Wound Healing in Irradiated Rats
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi
Full Text Available Wounds with full-thickness skin loss are commonly managed by skin grafting. In the absence of a graft, reepithelialization is imperfect and leads to increased scar formation. Biomaterials can alter wound healing so that it produces more regenerative tissue and fewer scars. This current study use the new chitosan based biomaterial in full-thickness wound with impaired healing on rat model. Wounds were evaluated after being treated with a chitosan dermal substitute, a chitosan skin substitute, or duoderm CGF. Wounds treated with the chitosan skin substitute showed the most re-epithelialization (33.2 ± 2.8%, longest epithelial tongue (1.62 ± 0.13 mm, and shortest migratory tongue distance (7.11 ± 0.25 mm. The scar size of wounds treated with the chitosan dermal substitute (0.13 ± 0.02 cm and chitosan skin substitute (0.16 ± 0.05 cm were significantly decreased (P<0.05 compared with duoderm (0.45 ± 0.11 cm. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA expression on days 7, 14, and 21 revealed the presence of human hair follicle stem cells and fibroblasts that were incorporated into and surviving in the irradiated wound. We have proven that a chitosan dermal substitute and chitosan skin substitute are suitable for wound healing in full-thickness wounds that are impaired due to radiation.
Osseointegration of subperiosteal implants using bovine bone substitute and various membranes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Aaboe, Merete; Schou, S.; Hjørting-Hansen, E.; Helbo, M.; Vikjær, D.
Osseointegration, subperiosteal implant, bone substitute, bovine bone, guided bone, regeneration, histology, rabbits......Osseointegration, subperiosteal implant, bone substitute, bovine bone, guided bone, regeneration, histology, rabbits...
Composite materials based on glass fabrics and siloxane matrix as substitutive and connective elements of bones in orthopaedics
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Balík, Karel; Sochor, M.; Hulejová, H.; Černý, Martin; Pešáková, V.; Suchý, Tomáš; Sedláček, R.; Sucharda, Zbyněk
-, č. 15 (2006), s. 39-45. ISSN 1214-9691 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA106/06/1576 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30460519 Keywords : bone plates * composite * glass fiber Subject RIV: JI - Composite Materials
Substitution possibilities and determinants of energy intensity for China
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper measures technological change, factor demand and inter-factor and inter-fuel substitutability measures for China. We use individual fuel price data and a two-stage approach to estimate total factor cost functions and fuel share equations. Both inter-factor and inter-fuel substitution elasticities are calculated and the change in energy intensity is decomposed into its driving forces. The results suggest that energy is substitutable for capital regionally and for labor nationally. Capital substitutes for energy more easily than labor does. Energy intensity changes vary by region but the major drivers seem to be 'budget effect' and the adoption of energy-intensive technologies, which might be embodied in high-level energy-using exports and sectors, capital investment and even old technique and equipment imports. Whether the trend in rising energy intensity continues will be significant for China and the rest of the world.
Substitution possibilities and determinants of energy intensity for China
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper measures technological change, factor demand and inter-factor and inter-fuel substitutability measures for China. We use individual fuel price data and a two-stage approach to estimate total factor cost functions and fuel share equations. Both inter-factor and inter-fuel substitution elasticities are calculated and the change in energy intensity is decomposed into its driving forces. The results suggest that energy is substitutable for capital regionally and for labor nationally. Capital substitutes for energy more easily than labor does. Energy intensity changes vary by region but the major drivers seem to be 'budget effect' and the adoption of energy-intensive technologies, which might be embodied in high-level energy-using exports and sectors, capital investment and even old technique and equipment imports. Whether the trend in rising energy intensity continues will be significant for China and the rest of the world. (author)
Computational Modeling of Degradation of Substituted Benzyltrimethyl Ammonium: Preprint
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Long, H.; Pivovar, B. S.
The degradation of cations on the alkaline exchange membranes is the major challenge for alkaline membrane fuel cells. In this paper, we investigated the degradation barriers by density functional theory for substituted benzyltrimethyl ammonium (BTMA+) cations, which is one of the most commonly used cations for alkaline exchange membranes. We found that substituted cations with electron-releasing substituent groups at meta-position of the benzyl ring could result in improved degradation barriers. However, after investigating more than thirty substituted BTMA+ cations with ten different substituent groups, the largest improvement of degradation barriers is only 1.6 kcal/mol. This implies that the lifetime of alkaline membrane fuel cells could increase from a few months to a few years by using substituted BTMA+ cations, an encouraging but still limited improvement for real-world applications.
Multiple Base Substitution Corrections in DNA Sequence Evolution
Kowalczuk, M.; Mackiewicz, P.; Szczepanik, D.; Nowicka, A.; Dudkiewicz, M.; Dudek, M. R.; Cebrat, S.
We discuss the Jukes and Cantor's one-parameter model and Kimura's two-parameter model unability to describe evolution of asymmetric DNA molecules. The standard distance measure between two DNA sequences, which is the number of substitutions per site, should include the effect of multiple base substitutions separately for each type of the base. Otherwise, the respective tables of substitutions cannot reconstruct the asymmetric DNA molecule with respect to the composition. Basing on Kimura's neutral theory, we have derived a linear law for the correlation of the mean survival time of nucleotides under constant mutation pressure and their fraction in the genome. According to the law, the corrections to Kimura's theory have been discussed to describe evolution of genomes with asymmetric nucleotide composition. We consider the particular case of the strongly asymmetric Borrelia burgdorferi genome and we discuss in detail the corrections, which should be introduced into the distance measure between two DNA sequences to include multiple base substitutions.
Modified broken rice starch as fat substitute in sausages
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Valéria Maria Limberger
Full Text Available The demand for low-fat beef products has led the food industry to use fat substitutes such as modified starch. About 14% of broken rice is generated during processing. Nevertheless, this by-product contains high levels of starch; being therefore, great raw material for fat substitution. This study evaluated the applicability of chemically and physically modified broken rice starch as fat substitute in sausages. Extruded and phosphorylated broken rice was used in low-fat sausage formulation. All low-fat sausages presented about 55% reduction in the fat content and around 28% reduction in the total caloric value. Fat replacement with phosphorylated and extruded broken rice starch increased the texture acceptability of low-fat sausages, when compared to low-fat sausages with no modified broken rice. Results suggest that modified broken rice can be used as fat substitute in sausage formulations, yielding lower caloric value products with acceptable sensory characteristics.
49 CFR 383.77 - Substitute for driving skills tests.
... Substitute for driving skills tests. At the discretion of a State, the driving skill test as specified in.../she is regularly employed in a job requiring operation of a CMV, and that either: (2) He/she...
Hydrophobic core substitutions in calbindin D9k
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kragelund, B B; Jönsson, M; Bifulco, G;
mutants, and displayed a 25-fold increase in overall affinity of binding two Ca2+ ions and a 6-fold reduction in calcium dissociation rate. A strong correlation (R = 0.94) was found between the observed Ca2+-dissociation rates and affinities, as well as between the salt dependence of the off-rate and the...... to assess the salt dependence of the perturbations. The high similarity between the NMR spectra of mutants and wild-type calbindin D9k suggests that the structure is largely unperturbed by the substitutions. More detailed NMR investigations of the mutant in which Val61 is substituted by Ala showed...... reduction in affinity and an increase in off-rate. Small effects, both increases and decreases, were observed for substitutions involving residues far from the Ca2+ sites and toward the outer part of the hydrophobic core. The mutant with the substitution Phe66 --> Trp behaved differently from all other...
Factors Affecting the Form of Substitute Family Care
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Monika Chrenková
Full Text Available Recently, the system of care for endangered children has changed from the institutional as well as legislative point of view. In one of the partial areas of ongoing changes, research activities realised within the Students' Grant Competition called The Factors Affecting the Form of Substitute Family Care are being focused. We deal with this topic because various forms of substitute family care are distinguished in the Czech Republic, where children are placed for various reasons, but we do not know the correct context of such placements. The main aim of the realised research was to find out the frequency of choosing a given form of placing children in substitute family care according to followed variables. The research sample of the quantitative research was consisted of children placed in one of the forms of substitute family care in the Moravian-Silesian region.
Heterocycles via intramolecular platinum-catalyzed propargylic substitution
Liang, Qiren; De Brabander, Jef K
We report a Pt(II)-catalyzed cyclization of nucleophile-tethered propargylic acetates yielding substituted heterocycles containing multiple heteroatoms including morpholines, dioxanes and sulfamates with high cis-selectivity.
Long term substitution treatment (maintenance treatment of opioid dependent persons
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wirl, Charlotte
Full Text Available Health political background: Methadone substitution treatment in Germany is introduced in 1988 in the framework of a scientific pilot study in North Rhein Westphalia. Recent statistics show that by now a broad offer of substitution treatment exists. From 1 June 2002 to 31 December 2003 113,000 substitution treatments have been recorded as being started of which around 56,000 have been recorded as ongoing treatments by 1 December 2003. Scientific background: Substitution treatment (treatment of opioid-dependent persons using substitution substances is one part of addiction treatment. Its goals are harm reduction and the stabilisation of opioid dependent persons. Integration of opioid-dependent persons in a treatment-setting, reduction of consumption of psychoactive substances, reduction of risk behaviour (primarily related to infectious diseases, decrease of mortality and improvements concerning the social, psychic and physic situation are seen as a success of substitution treatment as maintenance therapy. Research questions: The aim of this HTA report is to investigate which indicators can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of substitution treatment. Based on these indicators an evaluation of the medical, social and economical benefit of substitution treatment - also in relation to abstinence oriented treatment - is carried out. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in 31 international databases which yielded 2451 articles with publication date between 1995 and February 2005. Results: After a twofold selection process 32 publications were included for assessment and 276 publications were used as background literature. Despite serious restrictions due to selection bias and dropout in most studies focusing on substitution treatment, reduction of consumption of illegal opioids, reduction of risk behaviour, criminal behaviour, mortality and incidence of HIV can be seen as an empirically proven success of substitution treatment