text:
Rungta Group has demonstrated how single minded dedication, focused perseverance, commitment and never-say-die attitude of the management together with the zeal and dedication of the faculty and the support of well-wishers can not only help build an institution, but also ensure that it consolidates, grows and sprouts into a dynamic power emerging as a leading and the most preferred destination for quality education by students from all over the country and abroad. Rungta college offers a plethora of choices to prospective students who wish to pursue professional courses and have a flourishing career making it the best college in Chhattisgarh.
The Rungta college offers Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) in conventional streams of Computer Science & Engineering...
Aspiring students can take admission in this field of Dentistry that is in high demand in medical stream. Highlight of the program in Rungta college...
Rungta believes that the backbone of any educational institution is its teachers as there is a need for more number of qualified and trained teachers...
Graduation is the passport to not just career openings but is also the first milestone one should cross in pursuit of academic excellence...
The nation gains when the vast technological resources are harnessed optimally through managerial skills...
The U-11 Girls team of Rungta Public School has bagged the fourth position in CBSE for East Zone Chess Championship 2016 which was held in K.D. Public School, Durg from 4-6th November. The U-11 Girls team comprised Indrakshi Biswas... Read More →
RPS Bhilai bagged the Most Disciplined Team trophy at the CBSE CLUSTER I & II Athletics Meet organised at Allons Public School, Bemetera. Read More →
On 18th,19th Oct. 2016, Genpact visited Sanjay Rungta Group of Institutions regarding Campus Placement for Engineering, Science, Commerce and MBA stream students. After all rounds 26 students have been selected. Sanjay Rungta Group wishes them all for their bright career.... Read More →
sample news Read More →
Company: TechMahindra . Designation Sr Technical Support Associate/ Technical Support Associate Job description and activities involved In this role it is expected that the Technical Support Associate answers 15 to 25 calls a day from customers requiring... Read More →
Campus @ Rungta Company : Globussoft Attention all B.E. (All Branches) BCA, BSc, BCom, BBA, MCA & MBA (final year and Pass-Out) students; Company : Globussoft Technologies Pvt Ltd. Company Profile Globussoft builds innovative and... Read More →
GD RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, BHILAI REGISTRATION PROCEDURE Student will collect Challan (amount of dues filled in Challan), Registration Form and (Dues Slip)at Counter No. 1. Student will Fill Registration Form, Deposit Fees at a bank counter... Read More →
RSR RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, BHILAI REGISTRATION PROCEDURE Student will collect Challan (amount of dues filled in Challan), Registration Form and (Dues Slip)at Counter No. 1. Student will Fill Registration Form, Deposit Fees at a bank counter... Read More →
Download RSR RCET Self-Appraisal Form Download GD RCET Self-Appraisal Form Read More →


text:
The Zinx
Web Magazine
Feed & Web Facts
Feed Item Count
4 Dec 16 06:00
Last Reading
RSS/XML Version
Feed Language
Feed Encoding
Related Feeds
You could also like to visit these feeds:
Weekly PeopleWeek
The Zinx
Show feed | XML | Profile
Newest Posts in Feed
Firewatch Wallpapers
When I first had a look at Firewatch's reveal trailer, I was literally stunned by the visuals of the game. Of all the games I've seen in my life, Firewatch has to be the best game in terms of graphics. Campo Santo, the independent game studio behind Firewatch posted three wallpapers based on the Firewatch […]The post Firewatch Wallpapers appeared first on The Zinx.Follow Zinx on Twitter and ...
Coves | Free Font Download
Coves is a sans typeface designed by Jack Harvatt, a UK-based graphic and type designer. Coves comes with rounded edge characters and has light and bold weights. Coves is free for personal use. Download The post Coves | Free Font Download appeared first on The Zinx. Follow Zinx on Twitter and Facebook
Momentum — A Simple Habit Tracking App
Although I never had any plans to track my habits but I started doing it since the start of this year. It was all because of an app called Momentum that I discovered a couple of days back, Momentum's minimal interface convinced me to download it on my iPhone. Momentum is a simple habit tracker available […]The post Momentum — A Simple Habit Tracking App appeared first on The Zinx.Follow Zinx...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
New Arrivals
Mila Kunis & Ashton Kutcher Welcome Baby No. 2: A BoyRead More » »
Natalie Portman: Glowing In GrayRead More » »
First Glimpse
Rob Kardashian Introduces Newborn DaughterRead More » »
Happy Birthday!
Mark Zuckerberg's Daughter Turns 1Read More » »
Kelly Clarkson & Family Visit White HouseRead More » »
The Royal Family Wave Goodbye To CanadaRead More » »
Celebrity Blogger
Christie Lynn Smith's Blog: "Enjoying This Crazy Ride Of Motherhood"Read More » »
Scott Baio & Family: All Smiles With Donald TrumpRead More » »
Giveaway: LÍLLÉbaby's Tie-the-Knot WrapRead More » »
Top stories
A-listers Mila Kunis and Ashton Kutcher have revealed their son's name. The Bad Moms star, 33, and The Ranch actor, 38, welcomed their second child – son Dimitri Portwood Kutcher – on Nov.Read More
Congratulations are in order for Mila Kunis and Ashton Kutcher. The Bad Moms star, 33, and The Ranch actor, 38, welcomed their second child – a boy – on Wednesday, Nov.Read More
Congratulations are in order for Bradley Cooper and Irina Shayk. The American Sniper star, 41, and the Victoria's Secret model, 30, are expecting their first child, E!Read More
Recent posts
The Obama Girls' Hawaiian Holiday
On the first night of their Hawaiian vacation (December 24), the two daughters of President Barack Obama were spotted playing outside of their beachfront rental home. Malia, 11, had fun with a hula hoop while 9-year-old Sasha climbed trees and played around with friends.
Recently their mother, Michelle Obama, discussed her girls' "blessed" life with Glamour:
View Slideshow »»
They are very blessed… That's why I think that mentoring is such a critical part of the role I can play in this position. I see how little bits of exposure and big bits of exposure really change my girls significantly, and I want that for more girls around the country and the world.
Filed under: Uncategorized
Photo credit: Bauer Griffin19 Comments
Marion & Tabitha Broderick: Precious In Pink
Busy parents Sarah Jessica Parker and Matthew Broderick made a Christmas Eve trip to the doctor's office with their 6-month-old twins Marion and Tabitha, who looked absolutely adorable all bundled up in their pink suits.
The 44-year-old Sex and the City star, who is also mom to 7-year-old son James Wilke, recently revealed the family's holiday plans:
View Slideshow »»
We're going to buy our tree on the 19th. It will stand naked until Christmas Eve, and we'll put the children to bed and we'll decorate the tree when the children are in bed. We'll leave cookies and milk for Santa, and oats for the reindeer, and wake up Christmas morning and they'll start ripping through presents."
Filed under: Marion Broderick,Matthew Broderick,Sarah Jessica Parker,Tabitha Broderick
Photo credit: IGNAT/bauergriffinonline.com2 Comments
Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie Donate $100,000 To SOS Children's Villages
Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie definitely helped to spread some holiday cheer this season.
The star couple, known for their generosity, donated $100,000 to the American SOS Children's Villages – an organization which focuses on the long-term care of orphaned and abandoned children.
"We have seen first-hand the remarkable job SOS does to raise orphaned and abandoned children and keep families together," said Angelina in a statement. "No one 'ages out' of an SOS Village: vocational training, advanced education, living assistance and moral support are there forever."
Filed under: Angelina Jolie,Brad Pitt
Photo credit: Bauer Griffin10 Comments
Gavin & Kingston Rossdale: Primrose Pals
Gavin Rossdale had his oldest son Kingston, 3, in tow as he headed out for a walk in Primrose Hill, London today (December 26). Wonder what presents Kingston and his little brother Zuma found underneath the Christmas tree yesterday?
The former Bush frontman recently revealed that he and his wife Gwen Stefani were looking forward to spending the holidays overseas with their boys:
View Slideshow »»
We alternate each year. Last year we stayed in the Los Angeles area, but now we're excited about having an old-fashioned, European holiday."
Filed under: Gavin Rossdale,Kingston Rossdale
Photo credit: Bauer GriffinNo Comments
Max & Bob Sheen: Boys In Blue
Their parents' domestic troubles are making headlines this holiday weekend, but 9-month-old twins Max and Bob Sheen looked cozy and content in their matching blue snowsuits while out for a walk with a nanny today in Aspen, Colorado (December 26).
People is reporting that Two and a Half Men star Charlie Sheen is already back in LA after being released from jail last night.
"Both he and Brooke [Mueller] will undergo counseling and Charlie will get anger management counseling," a source says, adding, "The boys are fine – so precious. They knew nothing about a fight between their parents."View Slideshow »»
Filed under: Bob Sheen,Max Sheen
Photo credit: GSI Media2 Comments
Update: Charlie Sheen Spends Christmas Day In Jail
Update: Rumors and reports are flying following the news of Charlie Sheen's arrest for domestic assault yesterday (December 25).
RadarOnline is reporting that Charlie and his wife of less than two years Brooke Mueller have been separated for the past several months, and that the actor had only recently arrived in Aspen to spend Christmas with the family.
"Both of them are miserable in the marriage. That's why they were apart," a source close to the couple claims. "Both were separately telling friends their marriage was over before this happened."
In the meantime, according to TMZ Brooke was intoxicated at the time of the call to 911 and Charlie told police he was just trying to defend himself against her attacks.
Brooke reportedly recanted her original version of the day's events shortly before Charlie's bail hearing, though there are rumors that she was pressured into doing so.
Click below for original post…
Filed under: Charlie Sheen
Photo credit: Bauer Griffin8 Comments


text:
FileSystemInfo.Name Property
For files, gets the name of the file. For directories, gets the name of the last directory in the hierarchy if a hierarchy exists. Otherwise, the Name property gets the name of the directory.
Namespace: System.IO
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
Property ValueType: System.String
A string that is the name of the parent directory, the name of the last directory in the hierarchy, or the name of a file, including the file name extension.
For a list of the operating systems and browsers that are supported by Silverlight, see Supported Operating Systems and Browsers.


text:
Braves manager Fredi Gonzalez is looking for consistency out of his starting rotation with 13 games remaining before the All-Star break. It has been an issue for the Braves this season, including their last two starts prior to Tuesday's series-opener against the Diamondbacks. Randall Delgado lasted only 1-1/3 innings and Mike Minor lasted only 4-2/3 innings in losses to the Red Sox Saturday and Sunday...
Gonzalez Looking for Consistency from Starting Rotation
From AJC.com
Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories
Winslow Townson/Getty Images


text:
shemarie33 Review
Big Bag - Smells funny
The bag is very colorful, large and sturdy. It's received several compliments. I use it to carry a lot of different items - including heavier items. I didn't recall that it included a coin purse, but it does! Cute! My only gripe is that out of the wrapper, it has a strong musty smell. I let it sit outside in the sun for a day. Then I put a dryer sheet in the bag. That seemed to help, but I purchased this over two months ago and I it still has that odor - and I only notice it every once and a while now (I'm getting used to it?). Kind of scary - what is that smell? I'd give it more stars, but ...
- How did the color on site compare with the actual product? Good
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Sturdy
- How accurate was the sizing? Spot on
Was This Review Helpful?


text:
October 2016
If we could give six stars for this tour, we would - it was completely brilliant. So much better than a helicopter ride, it gave us the opportunity to really experience the biblical scale of the Grand Canyon.
Our guide and driver Iulian Julian was utterly brilliant, from the 06:00 start up to the 22:00 drop-off back at our hotel - it's a full day! Nothing was too much trouble for him and he was a mine of interesting, relevant history and information throughout the day. We were luckty to get down the Indian trail to the floor of the Canyon, as heavy rain had washed away much of the road, but Iulian showed great skill in navigating the way down. The experience was amazing and this is the ONLY place you can do this. Lunch was nice and we had plenty of cold drinks and snacks throughout the day, comfort breaks and the views of the Hoover Dam were great. I suspect we had a couple of extra stops on the way to see the rim of the Canyon, as Iulian ws keen to show us some of things we talked about, e.g. the Joshua trees. The Canyon rim was breathtaking and we even had a pit-stop on the way home for some food, as it was getting late. Well done Iulian for giving us a great day, you're a superb driver, guide and raconteur and you made a great day brilliant.
January 2016
This tour is one of the best things i have ever done. Our tour was to the the bottom of the canyon, instead of just the rim from above, so once down there at the edge of the Colorado river you look up at 360deg view. It is also a small personal tour in a comfortable vehicle, Hoover dam is also great, some stops on Route 66 also enjoyable, nice lunch was provided.
November 2015
It was a unique experience and not to be missed!
November 2015
Kathy and Noah were absolutely awesome on our private tour of the Grand Canyon. Kathy was VERY knowledgeable and informative. She really made our vacation memorable!
August 2015
It was wonderful. We thoroughly enjoyed it. Our tour our guide, Julian, was great.
Some content licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
© 1997–Wed Dec 07 18:16:26 PST 2016 Viator, Inc. MAR015 - 330203 All rights reserved. Viator is a registered trademark of Viator, Inc.
is a Service Mark of Viator, Inc. Travel with an Insider is a Service Mark of Viator, Inc.
Use of this website constitutes acceptance of Viator's Terms & Conditions.
Viator uses cookies to improve your experience on our website. Learn more about how we use cookies and how to change your cookie settings | Close message


text: EGP's goal is to bring fresh, "good" (mostly organice and non-GMO) food t othe way people eat. At EGP, we elevate traditional Pub cuisine using organic grass-fed beef, fresh produce from our greenhouse, and other homemade or locally sourced foods and condiments. We believe in bringing health and a higher quality to America's greatest comfort food. If you are going to EAT well, we want you to drink well too.. We offer you 24 Craft Beers on tap (change them up weekly) as well as original artisanal cocktails created by world-renowned mixologist, Willy Shine. Sticking with the EGP concept, he has created cocktails that incorporate freshly squeezed juice and homemade flavored syrups.


text:
Back to the Roots Water Garden/Fish Tank (31000)
- Product Type: Water Garden / Fish Tank
- The aquaponics water garden is also a 3 gallon fish tank
- Closed-loop, self-cleaning ecosystem
- Using the science of aquaponics, the fish waste naturally fertilizes the plants above and the plants in turn, clean the water for the fish
- No soil or green thumb is required
- Includes: 3-gallon tank, water pump, all-natrual aquatic supplies, organic seeds, 5 grow pots, fish food and a coupon for a $.99 Betta fish
*Items shipped from our warehouse to stores in Alaska and Hawaii will receive a 70% shipping discount.
30-Day Return Guarantee
We want you to be fully satisfied with every item that you purchase from www.acehardware.com. If you are not satisfied with an item that you have purchased (excluding Gift Cards and gas-powered outdoor equipment*), you may return the item up to thirty days after the original purchase date to receive a store credit (less shipping, handling and other charges). We recommend that you make returns of online purchases to an Ace retail store near you which will issue your store credit. If you do not have an Ace retail store near you, please contact a Customer Service Specialist by calling 1-866-290-5334 for complete return instructions. Please refer to our Return Instructions for more information about returning a purchase.
The item must be returned in good condition, in original boxes (whenever possible), and with all paperwork, parts and accessories to insure full credit. After 30 days, please contact the manufacturer directly.
*Gas-Powered Outdoor Equipment cannot be returned once gas or oil has been put in it, even if the Equipment has been drained of these materials.


text:
Note: The firm's phone number has been changed.
Recall Summary
Recall Details Report an Incident Involving this Product
This recall involves Cra-Z-Art Snoopy Sno-Cone Machines with one of three batch numbers BCH003005A28-0812, BCHTRU001A17-0812 or BCHTRU004A16-0712 printed on the back of the white plastic doghouse and on the side of the box. The plastic sno-cone machines are white in the shape of a dog house with a red roof and red shovel. Snoopy is on the dog house and Charlie Brown and Lucy images are on the front along with a snowman. A metal ice-shaving cylinder in the middle of the sno-cone machine dispenses ice shavings out of the front. The words "SNOOPY" and "SNO-CONES" are on the front of the machine and "Cra-Z-Art" is on the back.
Consumers should stop using the recalled sno-cone machines immediately and contact LaRose Industries for a free repair kit, which includes a new ice shaving cylinder. Do not return the recalled sno-cone machines to the store where purchased.
LaRose Industries LLC, of Randolph, N.J.


text:
artisanal film reviews | by maryann johanson
Wed Aug 31 2016, 07:28pm | 1 comment
I just thought of this last night, that he looked just like Spiner in ID4. Nice to know I'm not the only one.
based on the Aggregate theme by Elegant Themes | powered by WordPress


text:
DMR Concrete.png
this wiki
Ad blocker interference detected!
Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers
Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected.
Summary Edit
Unknown Weapon Skin
Licensing Edit
This image is a screenshot of a weapon from the Halo series of first-person shooter video games developed by Bungie Studios and 343 Industries and published by Microsoft. It falls under the screenshot category for copyrighted computer game or video game, and the copyright for it is most likely held by the company that developed the game. It is believed that the use of a limited number of web-resolution screenshots:
- for identification and critical commentary on
- the computer or video game in question, or
- the copyrighted character(s) or item(s) depicted on the screenshot in question.
- on the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation,
qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law, as such display does not significantly impede the right of the copyright holder to sell the copyrighted material, is not being used to turn a profit in this context, and presents ideas that cannot be exhibited otherwise.
Appears on these pages
Weapon skin
Weapon skins allow players to customize their loadout weapons, giving them new appearances and...
User blog:KinbokDoDez/New Halo 4 Weapon/ Armor Skins?
Does anyone know how you get this, or if they are even availible yet? Added by KinbokDoDezAdded...
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
|21:26, September 6, 2013
|KinbokDoDez (Talk | contribs)
|Unknown Weapon Skin


text:
Laptops & Tablets › Scanners
Showing 1 - 24 of 150 Results
FUJITSU Image Scanner ScanSnap SV600
HP Scanjet 200 Flatbed Photo Scanner
Canon Canoscan LiDe 120 Scanner
HP ScanJet G3110 Photo Flatbed Scanner
Iriscan 457484 Express 3 Portable Scanner
Gadget Hero's Security USB Biometric Fingerprint Scanner / Reader Password Lock for Desktop PC
iBall ClickScan A3 Scanner
Fujitsu PA03656-B005 Image Scanner ScanSnap iX500 (Discontinued by Manufacturer)
Epson Perfection V370 Color Photo, Image, Film, Negative & Document Scanner with scan-to-cloud & 4800 x 9600 dpi
HP ScanJet 5590 Digital Flatbed scanner
Kodak ScanMate i940 Scanner
Buy Scanners Online on Junglee
Most computer accessories and peripherals are simply input or output devices that help you use the computer. Scanners, on the other hand, are more of a standalone piece of equipment. It is the computer that serves as an accessory to help you use the scanner. If you are planning to buy scanners online on Junglee, you have a chance to take a look at the choices offered. Scanners have come a long way from the basic functionality of document scanning. You now have all kinds of scanners with optical character recognition (OCR) and other technologies that can recognise what is being scanned and respond accordingly.Types of scanners and scanning technologies
A barcode scanner linked to the POS system is a must-have tool for stores at their checkout counter, and a wireless barcode scanner is often provided to customers to help them shop and add items to virtual carts. Similarly, a fingerprint scanner is one of the most fool-proof ways of implementing identity verification. There are many more functions a portable scanner can do apart from scanning documents on the go. You may not think about it all that much, but you are making use of scanning technologies for everything from hand-held metal detectors to currency counting machines. Just in case you are wondering, you can buy a Garrett Hand-Held Metal Detector or a V40 Mini Portable Currency Counting Machine on Junglee, among many other scanners.Guide to help you buy a scanner
A lot of people prefer to buy a popular workhorse scanner and printer from a well-known brand. That is why Epson and Canon printers and HP scanners fly off the shelves, and are also highly rated by customers who buy them online on Junglee. When a device with a name like Epson Perfection V370 can scan everything from colour photos and negatives to documents and save the scanned digital data directly to your cloud storage account, you have every reason to like it. The same holds true for the compact Canon imageFORMULA P-208 Scan-tini, which is a portable scanner for personal document scanning. It is a plug-and-play printer that is so versatile that it can scan both sides of documents at once, and makes use of OCR to convert the written word and typed data on paper into corresponding digital information rather than just an image file.
Shopping for scanners on Junglee is easy because you can compare all these and the hundreds of other scanners from all the major brands based on factors such as price, customer reviews, and seller ratings. These are not just products listed by companies on Junglee, but also include listings from many other shopping sites. This ensures that customers are able to take full advantage of comparison shopping without the hassle of having to visit a dozen different sites. The ratings and reviews on every product page on Junglee are provided by actual customers who have already purchased the product and are using it. They give you a very real idea of what to expect if you decide to buy a particular scanner.
- ‹ Laptops & Tablets
- Scanners
- ₹500 - ₹1,499 (2)
- ₹1,500 - ₹4,999 (32)
- ₹5,000 - ₹9,999 (42)
- ₹10,000 - ₹24,999 (40)
- ₹25,000 & Above (34)


text:
Shelob's Lair (chapter)
6,090pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
Ad blocker interference detected!
Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers
Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected.
|Shelob's Lair (chapter)
|Chapter Information
|Shelob's Lair
|The Stairs of Cirith Ungol
|The Choices of Master Samwise
Shelob's Lair is the ninth chapter of the second book of The Two Towers. In this chapter, Frodo encounters the great spider Shelob within her cave.


text:
The Nikon D5200 Digital SLR is a DX-format camera packing a massive 24.1 megapixel CMOS sensor. At its heart is a cutting-edge EXPEED 3 image processor capable of delivering lightning quick performance and true to life colour reproduction for both stills and high definition movies. Shoot using the optical viewfinder or the large 3", 921k dot vari-angle LCD screen. This articulating display inspires creativity by allowing you to accurately compose your photos and videos from positions impossible with a conventional screen. The seven built-in camera effects can now be viewed on the vari-angle LCD in real time allowing you to see the end result before you press the shutter. Combining these innovative features with a comprehensive 39-point autofocus system is all you will need to create vibrant, sharp, memorable photos. Available in black, red or bronze, the Nikon D5200 Digital Camera will suit anyone looking to stimulate their creative side. This single lens kit includes the Nkon D5200 body + Nikkor 18-55mm VR Lens.
|* As this camera does not have a built-in focusing motor it is only AF compatible with AF-S and AF-I Nikkor lenses, which are equipped with an autofocus motor. However it will work with other Nikon lenses but in Manual Focus only.
This camera will only autofocus with Sigma lenses that have a designation of HSM (Hypersonic Motor) or that state "built-in motor for Nikon".
This camera will only autofocus with Tamron lenses that state "built-in motor for Nikon" or "USD" designation.
** We recommend using class 6 or higher memory cards for recording high definition video.
SDHC Memory Cards and SDXC Memory Cards can be used only in equipment that is compatible with their respective formats.
Product Highlights
The Tamron 16-300mm f/3.5-6.3 Di II VC PZD MACRO Lens for Nikon is a wide-angle to telephoto zoom lens for Nikon F-mount APS-C cameras that features a versatile 35mm equivalent focal length of 24-450mm. This provides users with an extremely wide-angle and super telephoto lens in one convenient package. Also, it has an aperture range from f/3.5-6.3 to f/22-40 across the zoom range.
The 16-300mm is also capable of decent macro capabilities with a reproduction ratio of 1:2.9 when zoomed in to 300mm. This is due to a minimum focus distance of 15.3". Also, for excellent image quality, numerous special glass elements are used in the lens design. There are one Hybrid Aspherical element, three Molded-Glass elements, two Low Dispersion elements, one Extra Refractive Index element, and one Ultra-Extra Refractive Index element.
For general use, there is a Piezo Drive autofocus system which is powered by a fast and quiet standing-wave ultrasonic motor. This allows you to quickly achieve focus for sharp images. There is also Vibration Compensation which provides optical image stabilization that reduces camera shake at slow shutter speeds and longer focal lengths. And, included with the lens are a flower-shaped lens hood as well as front and rear lens caps.
Stylish Lightweight Body: Weighing only 555 grams, the comfortable, ergonomically designed body is available in a sophisticated black, stylish red or modern bronze.
24.1 Megapixel CMOS Image Sensor: The 24.1 Megapixel CMOS sensor provides fantastic image quality with impressive low noise performance when shooting stills and High Definition Video.
Expeed 3 Image Processor: A powerful image processor renders your images and movies in vibrant, true to life colour and immersive detail.
Vari-Angle LCD Screen: Get creative with your composition using the high resolution, 7.5cm (3 in), 921k dot vari-angle screen. Great for shooting overheard or low to the ground to give your photos and movies a fresh perspective.
39-Point Auto Focus System: 39 points of focus including nine cross-type sensors in the centre offers fast and accurate autofocus with improved subject tracking across the entire frame.
Low Noise High ISO Quality: Shoot confidently in low light situations with an ISO range of 100-6400 (extendable to 25600). Increasing the ISO in low light allows you to expose at a faster shutter speed resulting in much more natural images.
2,016 Pixel RGB Metering Sensor: A large metering sensor ensures accurate metering for precise exposures and captures more data to improve the accuracy of the built-in Auto Scene Recognition System.
Intelligent Auto: An advanced Scene Recognition System calculates exposure, autofocus and white balance immediately before the shutter is released ensuring shooting settings are as accurate as possible.
5 Frames per Second Continuous Shooting: Capture all the action with a blistering five frames per second continuous shooting.
Built-In High Dynamic Range (HDR): Capture more detail in high-contrast scenarios with a single shot. The clever HDR mode combines two different exposures from a single shutter release preserving the details in the brightest and darkest areas of an image.
High Definition Video Recording: Record HD movies with a variety of resolution options such as 30 frames per second at 1920x1080p Full HD or a smooth 60 frames per second at 1280x720 HD.
Stereo Microphone: A built-in stereo microphone located at the top of the camera body provides true stereo sound and adjustable sensitivity gives you complete control.
Updated Graphical User Interface: Navigate to functions and settings with confidence with a new intuitive graphical interface. Get vital information at a glance with the most important settings including shutter speed, aperture, ISO, focus points, focusing mode and white balance all on the one screen.
Effects Mode: Get creative with seven built-in effects including Colour Outline, Colour Sketch, Selective Colour and Miniature, High and Low Key, Silhouette and Night Vision. Effects can be previewed in real-time giving you an accurate representation of the result before you press the shutter.
Wireless Remote Accessories: Open a new world of creative possibility by controlling the camera remotely with the WR-R10 Wireless Remote transceiver and WR-T10 Wireless Remote transmitter (sold separately).
GPS Compatible: Map your adventures by recording the exact location of the camera as each photo is taken with the GP-1 GPS unit (sold separately).
Wireless Mobile Adaptor: The WU-1a Wireless Adaptor (sold separately) adds the functionality to shoot remotely and transmit images from your camera to an Apple or Android device.
|Focal Length
|16 - 300mm
Comparable 35mm Focal Length: 24 - 450 mm
|Maximum: f/3.5 - 6.3
Minimum: f/22 - 40
|Camera Mount Type
|Nikon F
|Format Compatibility
|Angle of View
|82° 12' - 5° 20'
|Minimum Focus Distance
|15.3" (.39 m)
|Maximum Reproduction Ratio
|Diaphragm Blades
|7, Rounded
|Image Stabilization
|Tripod Collar
|Filter Thread
|67 mm
|Dimensions (DxL)
|Approx. 2.95 x 3.92" (75 x 99.5 mm)
|19 oz (539 g)
The K-50 gives you fast, advanced functionality to capture every moment. Expect top level...
$499.00 after $100.00 cash back!
The Canon EOS 100D is the smallest and lightest DSLR on the market to date. Weighing...
Take your first step into the world of DSLR photography with the new Nikon...


text:
Note: Sample below may appear distorted but all corresponding word document files contain proper formattingExcerpt from Essay:
Boston Photographs
Nora Ephron's Boston Photographs:
Do Pictures Tell the Most Important Part of the Story?
In "Boston Photographs," writer Nora Ephron makes a case supporting the decision by newspaper editors to print a photo trilogy showing the tragic moments leading up to the death of a young mother. At the time the photos were printed, in over four hundred newspapers across the nation, there was great controversy. Readers expressed in phone calls and letters to the editor. Some editors chose not to print the photos at all.
Ephron argued that since death is part of life, readers should not be sheltered from it. She asked why photos from fatal car accidents show the wrecked vehicles and not the victims. Mangled steel is worthless; a human life is priceless. Why not capture on film the loss of that which is truly precious?
The so-named "Boston Photographs" were taken in 1975 by photojournalist Stanley Forman.. "I made all kinds of pictures because I thought it would be a good rescue shot over the ladder," Forman said in explaining why he took the pictures. In the first frame, there is a fireman with his arm around a woman he is attempting to rescue from a burning apartment building. The woman clings to her child. The fireman is reaching for the rescue ladder an arm's length away. It appears that everything will be all right, that the woman and her child will be saved. This picture, by itself, does not foreshadow the tragedy to come. It is a dramatic photograph, to be certain, but one that would assure the viewer that confidence in the bravery and skills of firefighters is not misplaced.
The second photograph shows the fire escape pulling away from the building. Whereas the first photo makes the reader want to cheer, the second one reminds us that something can go wrong. The rescue is not successful until everyone is on the ground and safely away from the burning building. The photo shows, too, that the firefighter did everything he was supposed to do. His training prepared him for a moment such as this. More than anything else, this photo shows that courage and skill are not always enough. No one could have anticipated that the fire escape would pull away from the building. It is a picture that at once captures the good fortune of the woman in being rescued and the horrific moment when her luck turned.
The third photograph is the most dramatic because it shows the woman and her child falling through the air. The child, naturally, looks frightened. Her arms and legs are splayed and we see the speed of her descent with her shirt, which the air has pushed up to expose her round, babyish tummy. Her eyes are open and her mouth is distorted by a grimace.
The mother's fall is even more dramatic because she propels through the air headfirst. The viewer cannot see her face but can only imagine the horror reflected in her expression. It is impossible to know what the woman was thinking. Did she know that she was moments from death? Did she think about her child? Did she ask for God's help, or curse His failure to protect them? The woman is barefoot and she is wearing shorts. On a summer's day, it would be expected that someone be so attired at home. Yet the woman seems particularly vulnerable when dressed this way. She seems so exposed although, of course, long pants and shoes would not have made any difference to her survival.
Who was this woman? We cannot really know anything about her from the picture. We can see that she is young, with the long, gangling limbs of a teenager. She looks like a child and yet she also has a child of her own. The picture causes us to reflect on death made more tragic by the fact that, for this mother and child, they come too soon.
The falling flowerpots add to the poignancy of the photos. The apartment building, obviously older, represents urban life as experienced by someone who is young and poor. The flowers represent an attempt to add a little beauty to the surroundings. What sort of person is it who puts a flowerpot on a window ledge high above the city streets? The flowerpots give us a tiny glimpse into the character of the young woman. We feel we know a little more about her and that makes her death more tragic. To plant a flower is to feel hopeful about the future, and when we see the photograph, we know that the woman's hope in the future, unbeknownst to her, was misplaced. We feel a greater sense of loss.
But do we know her? Of course not. The shocking photo arouses emotion within us and, whether we realize it or not, causes us to ascribe thoughts and characteristics to the victim that we can never verify, even when reading the accompanying news story. Perhaps the young woman did not care at all about the plants. It is even possible that they were left there by a previous tenant of the apartment and went unnoticed by the young mother. Perhaps she did not notice beauty and felt no hope at all for the future she and her child would share. There is no way the viewer of the photograph can ever know any of this for certain.
The newsworthiness of the tragic fire is the photos themselves. Unfortunately, people die in fires in the United States all the time. The accounts of the fires are tragic, but as news stories they are usually only relevant to families and friends of the victims and the people who live in the community where the tragedy took place.
Photographer Forman, who won a Pulitzer Prize for the photos, expected to record an event with a far different outcome. He was taking advantage of a relatively new technology, a motor-driven camera that allowed a photographer to take a series of pictures in rapid succession. He expected to capture, in still photographs, the sequence of events leading up to a dramatic rescue. Instead, he captured the moments before death. The third photograph as the last that he took of the rescue attempt. "I realized what was going on," he said afterwards. "I completely turned around because I didn't want to see her hit."
The pictures are much more powerful than words in telling this story. It is not that words cannot sufficiently describe a scene or convey emotions. Author Stephen King is famous -- and wealthy -- because of his ability to construct tales that frighten us. John Grisham has used the power of words to make us feel outrage on the behalf of the underdogs whose stories he tells. Nicholas Sparks writes romances that bring some of his readers to tears.
Forman's pictures tell a story for which each individual viewer provides his own words. More than that, however, the pictures evoke an emotional response that is instantaneous, even quicker than words can form.
The pictures certainly drew attention to the event in a way that words alone would not. Newspaper editors know this and it can be argued that it was for the purpose of selling newspapers, not the imperative to show readers that death is part of life, which motivated them to print the pictures. Charges of sensationalism, voyeurism, and exploitation constituted many of the angry responses from readers. The reality is, though, that graphic images do capture people's attention.
A news story, without photographs, would have dehumanized the tragedy. When we read that a woman fell to her death, our reaction is not nearly as strong as seeing the picture. We may soon forget that a woman died, particularly in reading the story and learning that the child survived. The picture, on the other hand, makes us confront the notion of death head-on. We may experience, even for a fraction of a second, that shiver of fear of falling. We think about what it must have felt like to fall, and what it must have felt like to watch the horror unfold.
The fact that the woman and child were African-American also plays a part in judging the impact of the photo vs. A story in words. A written story might not mention race; in a photo, it is there to see. To some viewers, race might matter. People assumed, because the young woman was black, that the burning apartment building was in a ghetto, when in fact it was not. African-Americans might identify more strongly with the photo than they would with just a story; white readers might identify less. For some readers, and it is hoped that it means more of them, not less, race is a non-issue and what they see is not the color of the victims' skin but the horror expressed in their faces and body language. It is this horror that writer Ephron believes readers…[continue]
"Boston Photographs Nora Ephron's Boston Photographs Do" (2010, December 12) Retrieved November 28, 2016, from http://www.paperdue.com/essay/boston-photographs-nora-ephron-49274
"Boston Photographs Nora Ephron's Boston Photographs Do" 12 December 2010. Web.28 November. 2016. <http://www.paperdue.com/essay/boston-photographs-nora-ephron-49274>
"Boston Photographs Nora Ephron's Boston Photographs Do", 12 December 2010, Accessed.28 November. 2016, http://www.paperdue.com/essay/boston-photographs-nora-ephron-49274


text:
Broccoli Salad
Total Time
Prep 15 mins
Cook 0 mins
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 cup mayonnaise
- 1⁄4 cup cider vinegar
- 2 bunches broccoli
- 1⁄2 lb bacon, cooked & crumbled
- 1⁄2 cup sugar
- 1 cup cheddar cheese
- 6 green onions
- 1 (8 ounce) package dry roasted sunflower seeds
- Mix mayo, sugar and vinegar (best if mixed night before).
- Pour dressing over other items (except sunflower seeds).
- Add sunflower seeds before serving.
Most Helpful
Made for Spring PAC 2010, DH & I have long had a fave RZ broccoli salad & now we have 2. I made 2 chgs: 1) Green onions are rarely available here in Iceland, so I used diced red onion & 2) I esp favor using pine nuts in salads & had them on hand, so used them vs the sunflower seeds. This is easily made ahead as long as care is taken to add the cheese at the last moment to avoid the mushy cheese effect. This is an excellent recipe & a fave among my PAC choices. Thx for sharing your recipe w/us. :-)


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 20, 2004
|Filing date
|Dec 10, 2001
|Priority date
|Dec 8, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bernard P. Masterson, Henrik Hofvander
|Original Assignee
|Melles Griot, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (6), Classifications (14), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Priority is hereby claimed to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/254,292, filed Dec. 8, 2000, entitled LOW-NOISE DIODE-PUMPED SOLID STATE LASER, which is incorporated by reference herein.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to frequency-converted solid state lasers that include an intracavity non-linear solid state element for frequency conversion.
2. Description of Related Art
It is well known that intracavity-doubled diode pumped solid state ("DPSS") lasers often exhibit chaotic amplitude fluctuations, spiking, and hysteresis. One explanation of this behavior relates to two nonlinear couplings-spatial hole burning and sum frequency generation-between different lasing modes. This chaotic noise problem appears in many diode-pumped solid state lasers at all wavelengths, although it is sometimes termed the "green problem". Prior techniques proposed to avoid chaotic noise in intracavity-doubled lasers include:
1. Operating the laser in a single longitudinal mode. One disadvantage of this approach is that it generally requires frequency-selective elements in the laser cavity, increasing cavity loss, cost, complexity and size.
2. Operating the laser in hundreds of longitudinal modes, resulting in an averaging of noise. This approach generally requires a long cavity, and noise is reduced only as the inverse square root of the number of modes oscillating.
3. Eliminating spatial hole-burning by enforcing circular polarization within the gain medium, which requires a non-birefringent gain medium and additional intracavity polarization-control elements. This approach is not suitable for a gain medium such as Nd:YVO4, which is highly birefringent.
4. Two-mode operation: situating the gain and nonlinear crystals at specific points in a standing-wave cavity where it is believed spatial hole-burning and sum frequency generation between the two oscillating modes are reduced, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,849.
5. Phase-locking: arrange for oscillation in a set of phase-locked modes to avoid chaotic noise. The conditions necessary to reliably achieve phase locking are not clear, and therefore phase-locked lasers typically exhibit inconsistent performance.
6. Eliminating the nonlinear coupling due to sum-frequency generation by altering the polarization in the nonlinear crystal. This approach requires a separate quarter-wave plate, which adds cost and complexity to a system, and increases losses.
All of these approaches have disadvantages, especially when used with a birefringent gain crystal such as Nd:YVO4.
Laser gain media typically comprise a crystalline structure, in which the crystal axes are specified by three axes: the a-axis, b-axis, and c-axis. In order to obtain high efficiency in a birefringent gain medium such as Nd:YVO4, the intracavity elements of the laser are typically arranged in such a way that the fundamental emission is linearly polarized in alignment with the c-axis throughout the laser crystal. Therefore, in conventional solid state laser systems there is substantially no polarization change within the Nd:YVO4 crystal.
In order to align the intracavity laser beam along the c-axis within the laser crystal in one conventional implementation, the nonlinear crystal is temperature-tuned to provide a one-pass polarization retardance of one-half wave, which translates to a total cavity retardance of one full wave outside of the laser crystal, thus ensuring that the intracavity laser beam will be linearly polarized along the c-axis of the laser crystal. However, if two or more longitudinal modes are oscillating in the laser, this configuration is susceptible to so-called "green problem" chaotic noise since these two modes are forced to oscillate substantially along the same path; accordingly such lasers are typically designed for single mode operation. Unfortunately, single mode operation typically magnifies spatial hole burning problems within the gain medium, which destabilizes the fundamental emission.
The device described herein provides a way to reduce or eliminate noise in intracavity-doubled lasers in a very simple and compact package. Particularly, the device may reduce or eliminate noise that may be caused by chaotic amplitude fluctuations, spiking and hysteresis, such as may be caused by spatial hole-burning and sum frequency generation nonlinear coupling between different lasing modes. Embodiments are described in which noise reduction is provided by arranging the gain crystal and nonlinear crystal to provide a one pass polarization retardance about one-half wave or an odd multiple thereof, thereby eliminating the need for additional cavity elements, simplifying production requirements, reducing costs, and promoting higher efficiency in some embodiments.
A laser described herein includes a birefringent gain crystal arranged in a cavity to rotate polarization of the fundamental emission, resulting in a polarization that is not constant within the gain crystal. It is believed that the polarization rotation of the two modes within the gain crystal substantially reduces or even eliminates spatial hole burning.
A low-noise laser that provides a laser beam at a predefined lasing wavelength comprises a laser cavity and a birefringent gain crystal such as Nd:YVO4 situated within the laser cavity. The gain crystal is configured so that the fundamental laser emission within the laser crystal has a non-constant polarization, thereby providing a first predetermined nonzero amount of polarization retardance at the lasing wavelength. An optical element is situated within the laser cavity, the optical element configured to provide a second nonzero predetermined amount of polarization retardance that, in conjunction with the birefringent gain crystal, provides a total single-pass retardance for the laser cavity that limits laser noise within the laser cavity. In some embodiments the total single-pass retardance is approximately equal to an odd multiple of one-half wave; for example if the first predetermined retardance is approximately one-quarter wave, then the second predetermined retardance is approximately one-quarter wave. The number of longitudinal cavity modes is limited to substantially two, and each mode tends to follows a different polarization within the laser cavity.
In one embodiment the optical element comprises a nonlinear crystal situated within the laser cavity for Type II doubling. The principal crystal axis of the gain crystal is oriented in a first direction orthogonal to the axis of the laser cavity, the principal axis of the nonlinear crystal is oriented in a second direction orthogonal to the axis of the laser cavity, and the first and the second directions have a nonzero offset angle from each other. The offset angle may be within a range of about 30° to about 60° for example about 45°.
In an alternative embodiment, the optical element comprises a quarter-wave plate. In one such embodiment the laser output comprises the lasing wavelength, including substantially a first linear polarization and a second linear polarization that is orthogonal to the first linear polarization.
In one embodiment the gain crystal and nonlinear material are coupled together, such as by bonding or optical contact, to form a monolithic component. Low-noise operation can be achieved with the monolithic component over greater than 10° C. temperature ranges. This low-noise operation is also largely insensitive to pumping conditions (pump laser power, wavelength, spot size) and is expected to be scalable to high output powers. The low-noise laser described herein is therefore well-suited to applications that require a low-cost, rugged, and compact source of laser light.
For a more complete understanding of this invention, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a frequency-converted solid state laser;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the gain crystal and nonlinear crystal, illustrating crystal orientations;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the gain crystal and nonlinear crystal, illustrating polarizations in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a monolithic frequency-converted solid state laser pumped by a laser diode;
FIG. 5 is diagram of a laser that outputs a laser beam at the fundamental wavelength that is linearly polarized in orthogonal directions; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a laser that includes a birefringent gain crystal, a non-linear crystal, and an intracavity optical element, which provides a nonzero polarization retardance.
Glossary of Terms and Acronyms
The following terms and acronyms are used throughout the detailed description:
Anisotropic: A nonlinear material that exhibits different optical properties along different axes of propagation or for different polarizations of a traveling wave. Typically a crystal whose structure defines three axes: an a-axis, a b-axis, and a c-axis, at least two of which have differing indexes of refraction.
Frequency doubling: A nonlinear process in which the frequency of an optical beam is doubled. Because the frequency and wavelength are related by the well-known equation c=λν, doubling frequency is equivalent to halving the wavelength.
Retardance: (also polarization retardance) A quality of anisotropic optical materials, in which a traveling beam's polarization is changed in accordance with the crystal orientation and the degree of anisotropy of the nonlinear material.
Birefringent: An anisotropic material arranged so that a ray traveling through the material is subject to different indices of refraction dependent upon its polarization.
An intracavity-doubled laser operating substantially without chaotic ("green problem") noise is disclosed that utilizes a birefringent gain crystal to rotate polarization of the fundamental emission, resulting in a polarization that is not constant within the gain crystal. It is believed that the polarization rotation of the two modes within the gain crystal substantially reduces or even eliminates spatial hole burning problems.
In some embodiments, it is believed that by 1) limiting oscillation at the fundamental lasing wavelength to substantially two longitudinal modes by cavity length or by frequency-selective elements, 2) arranging the gain crystal and the nonlinear crystal so that each provides polarization retardance of about one-quarter wave, and 3) orienting the principal crystal axes of the gain crystal and nonlinear crystal so that they are separated by about 45°, only two modes of orthogonal polarization can effectively oscillate. The two orthogonal laser modes saturate the gain very efficiently, leaving little gain for any other possible lasing modes, which increases the robustness and stability of this lasing configuration. Furthermore, it is believed that the two nearly orthogonal polarizations typically have a roughly equal amplitude. Due to the orthogonal polarizations between the two modes, they do not substantially interact, thereby avoiding generation of chaotic noise. As a result, quiet laser operation ensues.
As an example of the polarization differences in one embodiment, in the space between the gain crystal and the doubling crystal the one-way polarization of each mode is circular but orthogonal; at the outside surfaces of the gain and retarder elements, the polarization of each mode is linear and substantially perpendicular to the other mode. Within the gain material, the polarization of each mode evolves rapidly.
In one embodiment, the laser is frequency-doubled, including a Type II doubling crystal, and the retardances of the crystals are separately close to quarter-wave; in other words, the gain crystal provides approximately quarter-wave retardance, and the doubling crystal provides a quarter-wave retardance. In one embodiment, the principal crystal axes of the gain crystal and the nonlinear crystal are arranged orthogonal to the laser axis, but separated by an angle within the range of about 30° to 60°, and preferably about 45°.
In embodiments in which the gain crystal and a nonlinear doubling crystal together provide the total half-wave retardation, this method of achieving low-noise operation requires no additional cavity elements, thereby reducing cost, size and complexity. Furthermore, since a crystal's polarization retardance generally shifts only slowly with temperature shifts, the laser's sensitivity to temperature change is low. Likewise, there is not a critical dependence on cavity length.
This invention is described in the following description with reference to the Figures, in which like numbers represent the same or similar elements.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a laser embodiment comprising a solid state gain crystal 10 (sometimes called "laser crystal") and a nonlinear crystal 12 arranged for frequency doubling the fundamental emission. The gain crystal 10 is birefringent; one embodiment uses a gain crystal of neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4), and a nonlinear crystal comprising potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) arranged for Type II frequency doubling. In alternative embodiments different birefringent gain crystals and different nonlinear crystals may be used; for example in other embodiments the gain crystal may comprise Cr:LiSAF.
A laser cavity defines a laser axis 14 between a first end reflector 15 and a second end reflector 16. The end reflectors that define the cavity may either be separate mirrors, as shown, or may be coated directly onto the gain and/or nonlinear crystals without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The gain crystal 10 and the nonlinear crystal 12 are arranged (by temperature control, crystal thickness control or other means) in a configuration to limit noise and/or instabilities in the cavity. In one such embodiment, the birefringent gain crystal (e.g. Nd:YVO4) is configured to have a predetermined amount of polarization retardance at the lasing wavelength by polishing, temperature-tuning, or other suitable means. The net retardance in the remainder of the laser cavity is such that the total single-pass retardance of the fundamental emission within the laser cavity is an odd multiple of one half-wave (i.e. λ/2, 3λ/2, 5λ/2, 7λ/2, and so forth). For example if the two crystals 10 and 12 each provide about one quarter-wave retardance at the fundamental emission, then the total one-pass polarization retardance is λ/2.
In one embodiment that utilizes Nd:YVO4 as a gain crystal 10, the crystal is produced to have a length along the lasing axis that retards polarization by about one quarter-wave. Due to the high birefringence of Nd:YVO4 the polarization retardance is highly sensitive to slight variations in its length. One way of producing a Nd:YVO4 crystal that has a quarter-wave polarization retardance is to polish it very precisely, measure its polarization retardance, and then continue to alternately polish the crystal and measure its polarization retardance until it provides the desired one-quarter wave polarization retardance. A similar process could also be used with other gain crystals 10 in order to provide the desired quarter-wave polarization change. Likewise, a similar process can be utilized with the non-linear crystal 12 to create a quarter-wave polarization retardance; however, in some embodiments it may be more cost-effective and practical to temperature-tune the crystals rather than to precisely polish their lengths. It should be recognized that material processing and subsequent tuning techniques are imprecise, and that small variations from quarter-wave retardance (e.g. 0.1 wave) may exist between either of the crystals.
In one embodiment, the birefringent gain crystal is arranged with its principal axis orthogonal to the laser axis and the nonlinear crystal 12 (e.g., KTP) is also arranged with its principal axis orthogonal to the laser axis; however, the two principal axes are offset as described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2.
It is believed that the lasing state of the low-noise laser described herein comprises two separate longitudinal modes having orthogonal polarizations with respect to each other. Accordingly, the laser cavity is designed so that lasing is restricted to just a few longitudinal modes (e.g. 1 to 5), such as by short cavity length, a short gain crystal, a narrow gain curve, or other frequency-selection technique. In order to provide substantially two longitudinal modes, the gain crystal width 17 may be small, e.g. less than about 2 mm. In alternative embodiments, lasing may be limited to two modes using other techniques such as an etalon.
The laser cavity is designed for substantially single transverse mode operation by any suitable means; for example other intracavity elements may be included. In many embodiments, the transverse mode structure is TEM00 for each of the two primary longitudinal modes; however additional transverse mode structures may exist in small amplitudes. In alternative embodiments, the two modes may be other than TEM00, as long as they are the same; for example the transverse modes of the two primary longitudinal modes could be TEM01.
A pump source 18 is provided to pump the gain crystal 10 with optical pump radiation 19. Any suitable method of pumping can be used; for example, end pumping using a laser diode, side pumping, or other suitable pumping systems can be utilized. In an end pumping configuration, the pump radiation 19 is typically focused via a relay lens through the first end mirror 15 and then into the gain crystal 10.
FIG. 2 is a perspective diagram of the crystal orientations of the gain crystal 10 and the nonlinear crystal 12 in one embodiment. For discussion purposes a vertical reference 21 is defined in a plane extending vertically from the laser axis 14. The crystalline structure of the gain crystal 10 defines a principal axis 22 and a second axis 23 that both extend approximately orthogonally from the laser axis 14. For convenience of description, the principal axis 22 is arranged to be approximately aligned parallel with the vertical reference 21, and the second axis 23 is arranged to define an angle 24 of approximately 90° with the vertical reference 21. The nonlinear crystal 12 defines a principal axis 25 and a second axis 26 both of which extend approximately orthogonally from the laser axis 14. The principal axis 26 is aligned to define a first angle 27 with respect to the vertical reference 21, which aligns the second axis at a second angle 28 with respect to the vertical reference 21. In this configuration, the principal axis 25 of the nonlinear material 12 is "offset" with respect to the laser crystal's principal axis 22 by the amount of the first angle 27, which may be termed the "offset angle". The amount of the offset varies with the embodiment, in some embodiments the offset angle is within a range of about 30° to about 60°, and preferably about 45°. In summary, in this configuration the principal crystal axes 22 and 25 are both orthogonal to the laser axis, but not aligned with (offset from) each other by an offset angle.
In some embodiments the gain crystal comprises Nd:YVO4. The crystal structure of Nd:YVO4 defines three axes: an a-axis, a b-axis, and a c-axis. Typically, the symmetry axis of the laser crystal is defined by the c-axis, and therefore the Nd:YVO4 crystal can be arranged so that the laser axis is orthogonal to either: 1) the c-axis and the a-axis, or 2) the c-axis and the b-axis.
As disclosed with reference to FIG. 1 for example, the laser is designed to limit the number of longitudinal modes. For discussion purposes, it may be assumed that substantially only two longitudinal modes are allowed to oscillate. Because laser oscillation tends to find the configuration that most efficiently uses the available gain, these two longitudinal modes respectively follow the two different polarization patterns that have the least loss; in other words a first longitudinal mode develops along a first polarization pattern and a second longitudinal mode develops along a second, different polarization pattern.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram that depicts one example of the different polarizations of the two longitudinal modes as they evolve within the laser cavity in one embodiment. For purposes of description, a horizontal reference 30 is provided perpendicular to the vertical reference 21 and orthogonal to the laser axis 14. The first longitudinal mode has a polarization represented by direction arrow 31, and the second longitudinal mode has a polarization represented by direction arrow 32. As shown in FIG. 3, the polarization state of the two polarized modes of the fundamental laser emission is different in different sections of the laser cavity. In this embodiment, from the left end of the laser cavity to the interface with the gain crystal, the two longitudinal modes have a linear polarization in which the two modes are perpendicularly polarized with respect to each other (i.e. the angular separation of the two linear polarizations is about 90°). Particularly, at the left end the first mode 31 is linearly polarized at a first angle shown at 33 of approximately 45° with respect to the principal axis 22 of the laser crystal 10 (which is aligned with the vertical reference 21) and the second polarization 32 is linearly polarized at a second angle shown at 34 of approximately −45° with the respect to the principal axis 22.
In an embodiment in which both the gain crystal 10 and the nonlinear crystal have polarization retardances of about one-quarter wave, it is believed that the one-way polarization of each mode is substantially circular at the interface between the two crystals. Accordingly within the laser crystal 10, both modes have a circular polarization as they propagate through the crystal; i.e. their polarizations are continually rotating in a circular pattern. However, the two polarizations rotate in opposite directions from each other. As shown in FIG. 3, within the laser crystal, the first mode 31 is rotating counterclockwise as shown by an arrow 35, and the second mode 32 is rotating clockwise as shown by an arrow 36.
Between the gain crystal 10 and the nonlinear crystal 12, the polarization of each of the two modes is substantially circular but rotating in opposite directions as in the laser crystal 10. At each point along the laser axis between the laser crystal 10 and the nonlinear material 12, it is believed that the sum of the two oppositely rotating polarizations will be substantially linear. Within the nonlinear crystal, the two modes have a circular polarization as they propagate through the crystal; however, the two modes rotate in an opposite direction from each other. At the right end of the laser cavity exiting from the interface with the nonlinear crystal 12, the two modes 31 and 32 again have linear polarizations separated by an angle shown at 38. In this embodiment, the two modes have perpendicular linear polarizations rotated 45° and −45° relative to the principal axis 25 of the nonlinear crystal 12. Particularly, the first mode 31 is approximately aligned with the vertical reference 21, and the second mode is approximately aligned with the horizontal reference 32. The principal axis 25 is at 45° with respect to the horizontal reference 30, and therefore the first and second modes are respectively oriented at 45° and −45° with respect to the principal axis 25. Thus, it can be seen that the polarization of the fundamental emission evolves rapidly throughout both crystals.
Due to the polarization retardance required of the Nd:YVO4 crystal, the fundamental laser emission within the laser crystal is circularly polarized in two modes, contrary to conventional techniques that would attempt to obtain highest efficiency by linearly polarizing the fundamental emission along the c-axis. One advantage of the circular polarization within the laser crystal is that it is believed to substantially eliminate spatial hole burning and thereby improve efficiency, especially if the laser is operated in a single transverse mode.
FIG. 4 is a side view of an embodiment in which the laser cavity is defined within a monolithic assembly comprised of a slab 41 of birefringent laser crystal such as Nd:YVO4 coupled to a slab 42 of nonlinear optical material such as KTP by optical contact, bonding, or any other suitable coupling process at an interface 43. The monolithic, single chip laser is configured, as discussed herein, so that the polarization retardance of the crystals achieves low-noise, two-polarization operation. Particularly, the combined polarization retardances of the gain crystal and the nonlinear crystal provides a odd multiple of λ/2.
Appropriate coatings, including a first coating 45 and a second coating 46 are formed on the two outside surfaces of the crystals to contain the fundamental emission within the laser cavity and transmit the frequency-converted radiation from either or both sides. For example, the first and second coatings 45 are formed for high reflection at the fundamental emission (e.g. 1064 nm) and for high transmission at the frequency-converted wavelength (e.g. 532 nm). In addition, the first coating 45 is designed to be transmissive at the pump wavelength. In this example, the pump source comprises a laser diode 47 arranged closely to butt-couple light into the gain crystal 41. In other embodiment, other pump arrangements, such as an optical fiber, or a relay lens, may be used to deliver the pump light.
In the monolithic embodiment, low-noise operation can be achieved over greater than 10° C. temperature ranges. Advantageously, low-noise operation is also largely insensitive to pumping conditions (pump laser power, wavelength, spot size) and is expected to be scalable to high output powers. The low-noise laser is therefore well-suited to applications that require a low-cost, rugged, and compact source of laser light.
In an embodiment discussed above, the laser comprises a birefringent gain material and a nonlinear crystal oriented for Type II frequency conversion. In other embodiments the nonlinear crystal could be oriented differently, or may not be used for conversion at all. For example instead of the frequency-doubling crystal, another arrangement could use another polarization-retarding element.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser that includes the birefringent gain crystal 10 and an intracavity optical element 51 that is not arranged for frequency doubling, such as a quarter wave plate. Since the optical element 51 does not frequency double the output, a laser output 53 is provided at the lasing wavelength.
The birefringent gain crystal 10 (e.g. Nd:YVO4) is configured to have a predetermined amount of polarization retardance at the lasing wavelength. The net retardance in the remainder of the laser cavity is such that the total single-pass retardance of the fundamental emission within the laser cavity is an odd multiple of one half-wave (i.e. λ/2, 3λ/2, 5λ/2, 7λ/2, and so forth). The intracavity optical element 51 (or combination of elements), in conjunction with the gain crystal 10, can provide the required polarization retardances. For example if the gain crystal 10 and the optical element 51 each provide about one quarter-wave retardance at the fundamental emission, then the total one-pass polarization retardances is λ/2. In this embodiment, the fundamental emission is not linearly polarized in the gain crystal 10, and therefore spatial hole burning is avoided.
For example in an embodiment that outputs a laser beam at the fundamental wavelength, the laser includes a birefringent gain crystal that retards the polarization by about a quarter-wave, and a second optical element such as a quarter-wave plate. In this configuration the output beam 53 at the fundamental wavelength will have two orthogonal, linear polarizations, as discussed and shown for the fundamental emission with reference to FIG. 3. Such a two-polarization laser may be useful in applications where polarization sensitivities need to be reduced; for example, in applications where pseudodepolarizers are presently used).
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of laser that includes the birefringent gain crystal 10, the non-linear crystal 12, and an intracavity optical element 61, which provides a nonzero polarization retardance. The polarization retardance of the laser cavity is such that the total single-pass retardance of the fundamental emission within the laser cavity is an odd multiple of one half-wave (i.e. λ/2, 3λ/2, 5λ/2, 7λ/2, and so forth). The birefringent gain crystal 10 is configured to have a nonzero polarization retardance at the lasing wavelength so that the polarization of the fundamental emission is not linear in the laser crystal. The nonlinear crystal 12 is arranged for frequency conversion; however, it may or may not provide polarization retardance; for example the nonlinear crystal may not be birefringent.
If the nonlinear crystal does not provide the sufficient polarization retardance, then the intracavity optical element 61 can provide it. For example if the nonlinear crystal 12 is not birefringent (i.e. it provides zero retardance), and the gain crystal 10 and the optical element 61 each provide about one quarter-wave retardance at the fundamental emission, then the total one-pass polarization retardance is λ/2. Even if the nonlinear crystal does provide some polarization retardance, the optical element 61 may be useful to adjust the polarization retardance to provide the desired result.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, in view of these teachings, that alternative embodiments may be implemented without deviating from the spirit or scope of the invention. This invention is to be limited only by the following claims, which include all such embodiments and modifications when viewed in conjunction with the above specification and accompanying drawings.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 18, 1989
|Jun 12, 1990
|Amoco Corporation
|Frequency conversion of optical radiation
|Feb 28, 1991
|Nov 17, 1992
|Amoco Corporation
|Single-frequency, frequency doubled laser
|Mar 11, 1992
|Feb 15, 1994
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Laser-diode-pumped solid-state laser
|Mar 1, 1996
|May 6, 1997
|Baer; Thomas M.
|Low amplitude noise, intracavity doubled laser
|Sep 20, 1996
|Mar 24, 1998
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Dual harmonic-wavelength split-frequency laser
|Apr 18, 1991
|Nov 6, 1991
|Amoco Corporation
|Internally-doubled, composite-cavity microlaser
|Aug 11, 1995
|Nov 14, 1996
|Uniphase Lasers Limited
|Monolithic laser
|Alan J Kemp, Ploariztion Effects, Biregringent Filtering, and Single-frequency Operation in Lasers containing a Birefringent Gain Crystal, 2000 IEEE, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 36. No. 2., Feb. 2000.*
|Anthon, D., "Passive FM Laser Operation and the Stability of Intracavity-Doubled Laser", Applied Optics, vol. 38, No. 24, Aug. 1999, pp. 5144-5148.
|Anthon, D.W. et al., "CWC3 Stable Multilongitudinal-Mode Operation of a Diode-Pumped Twisted-Mode Intracavity Doubled Nd:YAG Laser", Cleo Conference, 1990, p. 232, no month.
|Anthon, D.W. et al., "Intracavity Doubling of CW Diode-Pumped Nd:YAG Lasers with KTP", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 28, No. 4, Apr. 1992, pp. 1148-1157.
|Baer, T., "Large-Amplitude Fluctuations Due to Longitudinal Mode Coupling in Diode-Pumped Intracavity-Doubled Nd:YAG Lasers", J. Opt. Soc. AM.B, vol. 3, No. 9, Sep. 1986, pp. 1175-1180.
|Byer, R., "Diode Laser-Pumped Solid-State Lasers", SCIENCE, vol. 235, Feb. 1988, pp. 742-747.
|Hadjar, Y. et al., "Stable 120-mW Green Output Tunable Over 2 THz by a Second-Harmonic Generation Process in a KTP Crystal at Room Temperature", Optics Letters, vol. 25, No. 18, Sep. 2000, pp. 1367-1369.
|Kemp, A. et al., "Polarization Effects, Birefringent Filtering, and Single-Frequency Operation in Lasers Containing a Birefringent Gain Crystal", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 36, No. 2, Feb. 2000, pp. 228-235.
|Michio oka et al., Stable Intracavity Doubling of Orthogonal Linearly Polarized Modes in diode-Pumped Nd: Yag Lasers, Opotical Society of America, Optics Letters, Oct. 1988, vol. 13. No. 10.*
|Oka, Michio et al., "Stable Intracavity Doubling of Orthogonal Linearly Polarized Modes in Diode-Pumped Nd:YAG Lasers", Optics Letters, vol. 13, No. 10, Oct. 1988, pp. 805-807.
|Sasaki, T. et al., "Single-Longitudinal-Mode Operation and Second-Harmonic Generation of Nd:YVO4Microchip Lasers", Optics Letters, vol. 16, No. 21, Nov. 1991, pp. 1665-1667.
|Tatsuno, T. et al., "CWQ8 Highly Efficient and Stable Green Microlaser Consisting of Nd:YVO4 With Intracavity KTP For Optical Storage", Cleo Conference, 1992, p. 374 and 376.
|Tsunekane M. et al., "Elimination of Chaos in a Multilongitudinal-Mode, Diode-Pumped, 6-W Continuous-Wave, Intracavity-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser", Optics Letters, vol. 22, No. 13, Jul. 1997, pp. 1000-1002.
|Yaney, P. et al., "Spectroscopic Studies and Analysis of the Laser States of Nd<3+> in YVO4", J. Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 66, No. 12, Dec. 1976, pp. 1405-1414.
|Yaney, P. et al., "Spectroscopic Studies and Analysis of the Laser States of Nd3+ in YVO4", J. Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 66, No. 12, Dec. 1976, pp. 1405-1414.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 7, 2005
|May 15, 2007
|B&W Tek Property, Inc.
|Solid state laser insensitive to temperature changes
|Mar 18, 2006
|May 19, 2009
|Pavilion Integration Corporation
|Monolithic microchip laser with intracavity beam combining and sum frequency or difference frequency mixing
|Oct 7, 2005
|Apr 13, 2006
|Wang Sean X
|Solid state laser insensitive to temperature changes
|Mar 18, 2006
|Sep 21, 2006
|Pavilion Integration Corporation
|Monolithic microchip laser with intracavity beam combining and sum frequency or difference frequency mixing
|Jan 11, 2007
|Apr 3, 2008
|Yingjun Ma
|Intracavity frequency-doubling laser device
|Sep 4, 2009
|Mar 10, 2011
|Spectralus Corporation
|Efficient and compact visible microchip laser source with periodically poled nonlinear materials
|U.S. Classification
|372/21, 372/22, 372/27
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 4, 2002
Owner name: MELLES GRIOT, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MASTERSON, BERNARD P.;HOFVANDER, HENRIK;REEL/FRAME:012791/0030
Effective date: 20020322
|Jul 24, 2007
Owner name: CVI LASER, LLC, NEW MEXICO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MELLES GRIOT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019605/0244
Effective date: 20070716
|Jul 30, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 14, 2007
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, WA
Free format text: NOTICE OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CVI LASER, LLC;REEL/FRAME:019690/0167
Effective date: 20070726
|Aug 25, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 27, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 12, 2016
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Jan 12, 2016
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 11


text:
Part of a complex that includes galleries and office space that houses, among others, the Guardian and Observer newspapers, Kings Place's main 420-seat auditorium opened in autumn 2008 with a wide-ranging series of concerts that often span a week and are curated by a series of different musicians. Although Kings Place will be the permanent home of both the London Sinfonietta and the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, there's also jazz, folk, leftfield rock and spoken word on the bill – some performances using a more flexible, subsidiary 220-seater room. There are decent food and drink options too, with the Concert Bar, Green & Fortune Café and a more serious modern British eatery, Rotunda, all under the same roof.
|Venue name:
|Kings Place
York Way
|Tube: King's Cross
|Do you own this business?
Pick a dateto
Celebrity Christmas Gala: Lucy Parham & Friends
Piano-playing celebrities perform a selection from Grieg's Lyric Pieces and some festive surprises. Performers include actor Stephen Boxer, television executive Peter Fincham, actor Edward Fox, comedian Alistair McGowan, Channel 4 News presenter Cathy...Classical and opera Sunday December 4 2016Read more
Red Priest: Better Red Than Dead: 20 Years Of Baroque Revolution!
The group performs works by Vivaldi, Bach and Handel as well as a few unsung baroque heroes, plus Corelli's Christmas Concerto and Vivaldi's Winter from The Four Seasons.Classical and opera Sunday December 4 2016Read more
The Guilty Feminist
Join comedian Deborah Frances-White and guest host Felicity Ward for a comedy podcast, recorded in front of a live audience, to discuss topics all 21st century feminists agree on while confessing the insecurities, hypocrisies and fears underlying their...Sunday December 4 2016Read more
Adam Riches: The Pod Of Maximum Damage
The Edinburgh Comedy award-winner presents a comedy podcast about the greatest television show you will never ever see featuring the comic and a host of character comedians teaming up to spoof the world of fandom with endless discussions, dissections,...Sketch shows Wednesday December 7 2016 - Wednesday December 21 2016Read more
English Chamber Orchestra & Christian Zacharias: La Folle Journee
The pianist and conductor leads the ensemble for a performance of Haydn's Symphony No 83 In G Minor La Poule, Mozart's Piano Quartet No 2 In E Flat and Overture From Le Nozze Di Figaro plus Poulenc's Sinfonietta.Classical and opera Wednesday December 7 2016Read more
Harry Shearer & Judith Owen Present... Christmas Without Tears
The acclaimed singer-songwriter and her actor and comedian husband spread their own brand of yuletide cheer with the help of special guests.Acoustic Thursday December 8 2016Read more
Concerto Italiano: Trio Sonatas
The early music ensemble perform Merula's Chiacona and La Strada, Uccellini's Bergamasca, Handel's Sonata In G Minor, Porpora's Sonata In E Minor, Corelli's Sonata In A Minor and Vivaldi's Sonata In C directed by Rinaldo Alessandrini.Classical and opera Friday December 9 2016Read more
BAROQUE UNWRAPPED: Bach Magnificat
The exuberant choruses from the Magnificat in D will top a bill of works from the Baroque period that fit perfectly into the festive season.Classical and opera Saturday December 10 2016Read more
Come And Sing: Bach Magnificat
David Wordsworth conducts a performance of Bach Choruses from the Magnificat in D and works by Gabrieli, Handel, Mendelssohn and John Gardner.Classical and opera Saturday December 10 2016Read more
BAROQUE UNWRAPPED: Bach's Christmas Vespers
Like the director's cut of a cult film, Oxford baroque present the original Magnificat in it's early E-flat version. Following thorough research into contemporary liturgy this is a chance to embrace the work as it was intended - a liturgy for Christmas...Classical and opera Saturday December 10 2016Read more
Average User Rating
5 / 5
Rating Breakdown
- 5 star:5
- 4 star:0
- 3 star:0
- 2 star:0
- 1 star:0


text:
Hitch It / Ditch It: Knuckle Sammich, Optipess
Knuckle Sammich
Hitch it: Fabulous, retro-styled art with a tightly controlled palette. This comic has a tremendous visual appeal. And the dated look of the comic makes the edgy content that much edgier. I really like the way this comic looks. I'd like to encourage Erik to kick the Web design up a few notches so that it's on-par with the visual appeal of the comic. Right now that comic deserves a much better-looking site.
Content is hidden from non-members, Join now to read the entire thing!
on August 31, 2011
Posted In: Hot Seat critiques


text:
Soros's exit signals a black year for hedge funds
The world may be full of uncertainties, but the historic decision of George Soros to spend $1bn buying out external investors in his Quantum hedge fund was a no-brainer. For one thing, his family's stake in the fund is worth a cool $24bn. Soros no longer relies on others to fund his lifestyle.
Justifying his actions to investors – increasingly jittery after the credit crisis – has become a needless complication in his life. Other hedge fund billionaires have decided to pay back investors. Carl Icahn moved in March, saying he did not wish "to be responsible to limited partners through another possible market crisis".
According to a letter to investors, Soros did not want to register Quantum with the Securities and Exchange Commission. By buying out investors and turning Quantum into a family office, he can escape it.
Soros was a supporter of initiatives to rescue the financial markets and banking system in 2008. Ironically, Dodd-Frank legislative requirements for SEC hedge fund registration amount to payback time.
David Fletcher, chairman of hedge fund Odey Asset Management, warned in Financial News last week that regulatory burdens had become onerous. He views them as tantamount to socialism.
In the US, there is worrying uncertainty over how Dodd-Frank and SEC registration will pan out. One hedge fund manager said he did not want government officials to second-guess his strategies.
Another was worried the SEC would not only require documentation, but reserve the right to intervene if a manager produced a strategy it did not like.
Hedge fund managers like Soros who place big currency shorts invariably attract criticism, illustrated by Soros's $10bn "Black Wednesday" bet against sterling in 1992. If he shorted the US at some point, would the SEC seek a pretext to make his life yet more difficult?
The Quantum letter adds that Soros regretted the decision of his investment chief Keith Anderson to step down. Anderson played a key role in generating decent returns for Quantum in 2008 and 2009.
Over the past 18 months, however, the going has got tougher, leading to lower returns and periods of loss at Quantum. Its cash weighting is said to approach 75%.
Of late, Soros has become curiously uncertain over the direction of markets, saying: "I find the current situation much more baffling and much less predictable than I did at the height of the financial crisis."
This level of despondency would have guided Soros's decision to return cash to investors.
An awful lot of hedge fund managers agree the first six months of the year were among the most difficult on record. One said: "It's been worse than 2008 when, if nothing else, we knew the way the market was heading."
Macro and managed futures managers are renowned for being able to navigate their way through markets, but many have failed to perform.
Management consultant McKinsey said last week the total value of global equities, bonds and loans had risen to $212 trillion, surpassing its 2007 peak.
But this is not good news right now because surplus liquidity is rushing from one place to another, as it responds to fleeting pricing signals. Often it ends up trapped in the wrong place.
Initial public offerings have become impossible to price, due to sudden swings in sentiment. There has been significant cross-asset correlation, but sector divergence.
Companies selling into a secure market, such as luxury goods and autos, are in a bull market. Others, like banks, fear the chill winds of a downturn. Quantum's sale of gold in May seemed sound at the time.
Now it looks potty.
Western markets are trapped in a world where politicians are calling the shots, if that is the phrase. Attempts to tighten spending and toughen regulations add to the uncertainty. There are fears that countries will introduce foreign exchange controls to safeguard their wealth.
Soros, traditionally a democrat, has become nervous of US politics. He recently said: "China has not only a more vigorous economy but, actually, a far better functioning government than the United States." Moore Capital, like Quantum, has been cutting back its risk exposures. To maintain manoeuvrability, Steven Cohen's SAC Capital Advisors has closed to new investors at $14bn.
Volatility provides an opportunity for hedge fund managers to trade. But sporadic trading patterns, known as choppiness, are no good to any of them.
Stanley Fink's Isam Services managed futures fund says the feature is widespread. Measured over 60 years, agricultural goods are in its seventh percentile of choppiness; energy is in its fourth and equities are in its first – practically the worst ever.
Isam points out that markets will snap back to normal at some point. Whether Soros, at 81, will want to come out and play is quite another matter.
DeAM makes the grade
Deutsche Asset Management, not a happy shop when Kevin Parker was put in charge in 2004, is making the grade.
In the second quarter of this year, its earnings grew to €124m, representing a 120% gain on a year ago. This is the eighth quarter in a row that DeAM has recorded a profit. Performance fees of €50m generated by DWS Investments were a big factor.
Parker used to run global equities at Deutsche, but the trend suggests that investment bankers can occasionally make a good fist of running investment businesses.
Aberdeen Asset Management and BlackRock also announced decent results last week, reflecting the steady growth in assets to manage across the world.
No one in asset management is exactly cracking open the Champagne. But the long-only business is proving stress free compared to the hedge fund and investment banking sectors. It helps not being forced to trade for a living.


text:
Sand Quilted Bomber Jacket
Regrettably this item is unavailable to order.
Featuring internal pocket.
97% Cotton, 3% Elastane.
Featured withinJacket & Coat Collection
Are you sure you want to navigate away from this site?
If you navigate away from this site
you will lose your shopping bag and its contents.


text:
[Quote = Itamar; 580920] another question-the masterworks for I plan to do with a tent, rather than relying on rpoachioas to. But can we rely on them about the dinner? This can save some weight.Thanks
Yes but usually requires advance notice they make-to-order should have called first in goritz anyway had spaghetti for sale can be prepared along with the gas burner in a private nzinia or omelet is prepared with extract and Cola cans if you don't coordinate.
Some supply coming arpogiot ensued such difficult goritz rely on them about a variety of food, probably having to check every body rpoachia in orbit.
The priest said that during its route came every other day for resolving to acetidoth so that the breast is not so bad.
If you want to go on the GR11 no problem with knfrank-astsion railway to connect to the track that is really not needed to reach kandeco (I heard people do it) plus the distance really isn't far. If you want to have to take a cab HRP from knfrank to lscon. Anyway there's definitely one taxi. BTW, I checked the times this weekend for a relative of mine who wanted to go, if you get to you.
The yearly food reaches goritz with vans. I went a little lost on goritz's level and saw groups of 2 kilometers away from Cowboys arpoachio worry that they tear the price because they can not because it is.
Some individual venues following a helicopter supply (maybe rspamoso) most refugios like the Manito area Refugio receive supplies on donkeys.
[Quote = gaggag; 580953]
The fact that rpoachia swore to me that the supplies arriving in helicopters!
Kolisim. of 4WD 2 km goritz yet while snow not moving anyone far vehicles.
Of these kolisim from the far circle and still no acetidoth food so goritz apparently don't get them 4WD there, they won't raise prices because there's nothing they can do and they don't sell anything to get meals and spaghetti, at least not when I was there. They're very nice houtz than poor.
Maybe someone has maps of the areas between Ordesa and agoastorts and can sell or borrow
We are planning a trip for two and a half weeks in early October.
We do some trail between Torla to espot. On arrival from Barcelona have few hours waiting in barbastro. Recommendations for long in an interesting way in the country.
[Quote = Naamah. A1; 581510]
There is a set of maps of the GR11 sold in stores dsnioul librria has only a scandalous price.
There is also: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/8498291461/ref=ox_sc_act_title_1?ie=UTF8&psc=1&smid=A1FEWLLG22ITRM
Exactly these areas.
You can purchase it on the course and send Spain to the hostel Celica a very lovable 360 near bus terminal at 200 meters away blew Nord so that you can enjoy the night in Barcelona and collect maps, if too many are interested interested in some books try to determine whether you can send giasda's Agency, turla want?
[Quote = Naamah. A1; 581514]
The most interesting way to pass the time in brbastero is not reached.
Ghost town Ciudad pntasmat in Spanish there.
[Quote = naty_h; 580531]
The reality exceeds imagination.
Enjoy and be sure to scratch that roams there now nothing happens
I hope you mean listening environment and can report.
I think you would be a bit chilly tomorrow July 4 North and East winds are expected strong enough 15-18 knots. Going to check forecast sites
Interesting to Thimphu's pheasant-i.e. tomorrow and Friday iarens 9-17 degrees rainy he claims to Indian wind Northwest necessarily
Nothing happens that you have a good rain Cape have actually just kind of fun to hang out there in the rain, then snow if high enough and it's great fun.
15-18 knots. How I missed this forecast. To July 4 anything you in Cabo moved that day?
And then comes the flood?
[Quote = naty_h; 581585]
So what really happened at alisondo on the fourth of July this year a little amazing to hear that you can sit at home in the Middle East and to predict the weather in Spain end I wonder what Judah ha-Levi was saying about it (I and me. ...)
Anything I hope your post ashchmia.
Http://www.eltiempo.es/videos/la-fuerza de la naturaleza, inundaciones en elizondo.
[Quote = 585907, bu; oren] Hi,I'm going to do the GR11 10 days in early July.I have several of the new friendly and invited PRAMES maps set.Seen here on the recommendations section between Torla to Espot, but couldn't figure out how, and how easy it is to get from Barcelona to Torla in public transport.Someone who can act?Thanks
Didn't make the trip by public transport. It is possible but inconvenient--I think greatly of the track is
-Barcelona-Lleida-Barbastro-Torla, when the last part seems problematic, and I don't know whether to and work out.
Just a description of the track here . This is one of the companies that makes the trip.
It would be nice if you update when more details here ...
[Quote = HarmonicWave; 585915]
In the meantime I found this site that getting instruction on public transport from the train to Zaragoza, a bus and then a taxi to Sabinanigo to Torla. We travel along four people, so it's unlikely 70 euro per taxi.
Maybe I missed it, but I didn't notice mentioned and it looks quite handy: topographic maps for download that seem pretty reasonable quality for 50 K, and Spain 1:25 K.
Need to register for a site to download TIF files or ECW, and that for free. The download process is a little tired but it works.
The following site you can browse the map in comfort but I didn't see a way to download parts
Climate: Nice map too.
Update: the maps include the GR11 check.In addition, if you enter the map on http://maps.peterrobins.co.uk/e/file.html link so you can upload and see it on the map (click the button with the Green plus). For example you can download KML of the GR11 map: http://www.wikiloc.com/wikiloc/view.do?id=5222954 then upload it and see the route on the map.
Edited by user Monday, June 1, 2015 11:06:28 AM(UTC)
| Reason: Not specified
Going out to GR11 in late August and looking for maps or if you travel there and is ready to sell or lend:)


text: I have heard most people people are having problems jailbreaking their ipods and iphones on Windows Vista and I am having trouble too. What is the best way to jailbreak an iPod or iPhone on Windows Vista? When I try to restore my iPoT to the custom firmware, it comes up with an error (1).