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subset: commoncrawl


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"everthimg was ...." - Srigopal GopisettyRead more reviews >>
Kondai Lip
Ezhupunna South, Alleppey, Kerala - 688 550
Kondai Lip, Alleppey - Location on Map
Kondai Lip, alleppey
Kondai Lip, Alleppey - Overview
Kondai Lip provides Wi-Fi internet access to its guests. The Ezhupunna Railway Station is located at 5 km from this accommodation in Alleppey, whereas the St. Andrew's Basilica Arthunkal is at 18 km. The hotel has 11 air-conditioned rooms with attached bathrooms. Each room has a telephone. This Aleppey hotel provides front desk assistance and room service. It houses a garden, massage center, and multi-cuisine restaurant. Guests can avail of laundry, 24-hour housekeeping, currency exchange, 24-hour security, and fax services. Kondai Lip operates a travel desk. It is reachable from the Eramalloor Bus Stop (6 km) and the Cochin International Airport (51 km). Guests can visit the Marari Beach (25 km), Kanichukulangara Devi Temple (23 km), and Vembanad (39 km).
This resort offer various exciting activities like bird watching trips to famous Muthukel, trekking across the country-side, which also include a visit to the country boat building yard. One can also visit the manual coir making place, shrimp farm, and be a part of the sun-set cruise to the sea shore. There are pedal boat rides and country boat rides, which can be availed inside the resort enclave itself.
Check-out time : Until 11:00 am
Kondai LipGuest Reviews based on 2 reviews
of our customers recommend this hotel
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- 24-Hour Front Desk
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Jennifer Hsu appears in the following:
Dean Radinovsky's Secret Chapel
Tuesday, August 03, 2010
Yazmean, The Middle-School Actress
Wednesday, July 28, 2010
Move over, Beyoncé: Thirteen-year-old Yazmean Lee of Jamaica, Queens, is getting ready to be the biggest leading lady in Hollywood.
Kanu and Tom, The Running Mates
Friday, July 09, 2010
Two friends--one an immigrant from Bangladesh, the other a Queens native--find common ground in their love of pretty ladies and a good 5K run. Meet Kanu and Tom of Jackson Heights.
Ms. Blu, The Psychic Singer
Wednesday, June 30, 2010
She sports blue clothes and an equally blue 'do, and when she sings the blues she channels the mood of the crowd. Meet Ms. Blu of Chelsea.
Pianist Envy
Tuesday, June 22, 2010
Above the shrieks of dancing teenagers and the rumble of passing buses, Manuel Vega played the piano at Fordham Plaza in the Bronx. He's not a concert pianist. He's just a regular guy who happened to see a piano on the sidewalk.
Riding the Current with Artist Marie Lorenz
Thursday, June 10, 2010
New York is a city of islands, irregular masses of land that straddle rivers, creeks and bays. Yet, other than a minority of folks who regularly ride one of the few ferry systems, we are a culture that is tethered to the land, traveling along subways and roads that pass over and under the water. We admire it from the safety of a vast assortment of waterfront parks—but rarely engage with it directly. And, rarer still, in a watercraft that doesn't have engines.
With Visions of Future Hilltops (and Potable Water) Governors Island Re-opens
Friday, June 04, 2010
If art exhibits, outdoor music or car-free bike-riding aren't enough of a draw, consider visiting Governors Island for a peek at a massive urban redevelopment project.
Stanley, The Philosophical Clown
Wednesday, April 28, 2010
A clown, a mask-maker for pro-wrestlers, the Hasidic Jew on Conan O'Brien, Stanley Allan Sherman is a modern-day Renaissance man.
Nominate Your Neighbor!
Monday, April 05, 2010
Know Your Neighbor puts the spotlight on the unsung souls living right next door.
Chong No, The Troubadour of Stuyvesant High
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
The halls of Stuyvesant High School are home to some of the city's brightest students—and a Korean-American Lady Gaga. Meet 17-year-old Chong No from Bayside, Queens.
Angie, The Crafty Burlesque Dancer
Thursday, March 04, 2010
By night, Angie Pontani is a burlesque dancer. By day, she's a craft-obsessed homebody, whose passions include crochet, stitching and stain removal.
Julianna, The One-Woman Choir
Monday, February 15, 2010
Musician Julianna Barwick creates multitiered, otherworldly songs with her voice, a few machines, and Garageband. And it all goes down right in her bedroom in Greenpoint, Brooklyn.
Malcolm, The Dog Man
Tuesday, February 02, 2010
Keeping dogs happy is a serious business for Malcolm Smart of Prospect Heights, Brooklyn. With a doggie daycare center, grooming shop and supply store, he has made a love for pups his life's work.
The UN's Extreme Makeover
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
Samuel, The Concise Poet
Monday, December 28, 2009
Samuel Menashe of Greenwich Village writes poems. Really short poems.
Kid Art: A Brooklyn 4-Year-Old Takes You To The Rainbow City
Tuesday, December 01, 2009
Your kid's art isn't just good for decorating refrigerators and office cubicles. It's also a glimpse into imagination and the creative process.
Sultana, The Queen of the Middle East Village
Monday, November 30, 2009
Sultana is an East Villager who feels as deeply about Middle East peace as he does about high heels after dark.
"I believe in makeup," the Palestinian drag queen says. "Even if you're doing the laundry, you should have lip gloss on."


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February 14, 1997
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis Division. No. 93 C 451--V.
Sue Shields, Magistrate Judge.
Before COFFEY, MANION and KANNE, Circuit Judges.
Diana Mira and her children, James and Delores, brought suit against Nuclear Measurements Corporation ("NMC") and three of its officers, seeking to recover damages for the defendants' alleged breach of fiduciary duties as the administrators of an employee benefit plan governed by the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. secs. 1001 et seq. ("ERISA"). The plaintiffs also asserted a claim under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 18 U.S.C. secs. 1962 and 1964(c) ("RICO"), alleging that the defendants engaged in a pattern of racketeering activity with multiple violations of Title 18 U.S.C. sec. 664. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of the defendants with respect to both the ERISA breach-of-fiduciary-duty claim and the RICO claim, and shortly thereafter denied the Miras' motion for class certification, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(c). We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND *fn1
A. Diana Mira and the NMC Employee Benefit Plan
The defendant corporation NMC, located in Indianapolis, Indiana, is a small company with fewer than two-dozen employees which manufactures instruments that detect and measure radiation. These devices are used by the U.S. Department of Energy Laboratories as well as various commercial nuclear power facilities to protect their workers through the monitoring of possible releases of radiation into the environment.
NMC was owned by defendants Larry Vaughn and Donald L. DeMoss, who also served as NMC's Chairman and President respectively. Defendant Joyce M. Kramer was NMC's Vice President of Operations and Human Resources Director. In addition to being officers of the company, DeMoss, Vaughn, and Kramer were salaried employees and participated in the firm's employee benefit plan ("the plan"), which is governed by ERISA.
Beginning in 1989, Diana Mira worked as a solderer in the wiring department at NMC, earning approximately $5 an hour. She participated in the company's employee benefit plan, which provided health insurance for herself and her children, and her children were plan beneficiaries as defined by 29 U.S.C. sec. 1002(8). The defendants, through a firm known as Acordia Small Business Benefits, Inc. ("Acordia"), purchased health insurance coverage for its employees through Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Indiana. The defendants, as plan administrators, were obligated to forward the health insurance premiums to Acordia, in a timely fashion, on behalf of the plan's participants and beneficiaries in order to maintain the health insurance coverage agreed upon. NMC contributed two-thirds of each employee's monthly health insurance premium, while each employee was expected to contribute the remaining third. The employees' contributions were paid through deductions from their weekly paychecks (in Mira's case, $26.58 per week for health insurance coverage for herself and her family).
During May, June, July, August, and September of 1992, NMC encountered serious financial difficulties and, instead of applying the employees' payroll deductions to the health insurance premiums as it was obligated to do, the company used all of its available funds to cover day-to-day operating expenses. As DeMoss explained in his deposition, "Our company was suffering extreme cash flow problems at the time. In fact, we were having trouble making payroll. I elected--I knew we were going to pay [the premiums], that [they] would be paid. I elected not to lay anyone off, to try to keep everyone working and to stretch this out as long as I could." DeMoss' strategy was to keep the company afloat by giving priority to the payment of the day-to-day operating expenses of the company.
On September 2, 1992, Acordia notified NMC that its employees' group insurance coverage had been canceled, effective May 1, 1992, as a result of NMC's non-payment of premiums since May 1992 or earlier. NMC, through DeMoss and Kramer, took steps to ensure that the past-due amounts would be paid and employee insurance coverage reinstated. DeMoss testified that NMC was "trying like hell to get [the past-due premiums] paid." He explained: "We expended extraordinary effort to get things out the door. That means labor . . . working overtime, working weekends, whatever it took to get it out the door, to get the monies in." As of early September, however, neither Acordia nor NMC had notified Mira or any of NMC's other employees about the insurance coverage crisis.
On September 8, 1992, shortly after NMC learned of the lapse of health insurance coverage from Acordia, Diana Mira received a claim denial letter from Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Indiana informing her that her health insurance coverage had been canceled due to NMC's failure to pay premiums and that the health insurance coverage had not been in effect in July 1992, at which time she incurred $101 worth of medical services for her daughter Delores. On September 14, Mira met with an Indianapolis attorney to discuss the matter of the unpaid health care insurance premiums. Mira's attorney contacted Joyce Kramer, NMC's Vice President of Operations, to discuss the situation, and Kramer assured the attorney that the unpaid premiums would be paid, that health insurance coverage would be reinstated by September 15, and that all claims for past medical expenses would be paid retroactive to May 1, 1992. Mira's attorney memorialized his client's position in a letter protesting the lapse of insurance coverage. His letter claimed that Mira was being "threatened [with] suit on unpaid medical expenses," and warned that if Mira's medical bills were not paid by September 30, legal action would follow.
On September 15, the day after meeting with her attorney, Mira returned to her place of employment. NMC had been notified by Acordia that all of its employees would be required to execute a Blue Cross/Blue Shield reinstatement form before the insurer would agree to reinstate health insurance coverage for the plan participants. Joyce Kramer, NMC's Human Resources Director, requested that Mira complete one of these forms. When Mira refused to do so, Kramer informed her that filling out the form was required and that Mira could not continue working until the necessary paperwork was submitted. This agitated Mira, who (according to the defendants) became loud and disruptive and repeatedly asked if she was being "fired." Kramer finally told Mira to "go home until things are resolved." Mira refused to return to work at NMC. At this juncture, NMC informed its other employees for the first time that the health insurance had lapsed and that the company was taking the necessary steps to have the coverage reinstated.
After Mira had been absent from work for several days, Kramer informed her by letter that she could return to work as soon as the reinstatement form was completed and returned. Separately, NMC's counsel forwarded a letter to Mira's counsel, dated September 25, 1992, which advised that Mira's employment had not been terminated and stated that Mira's "only hope of reinstating her insurance is to fill out those forms," noting that the "reinstatement forms for the balance of the NMC employees ha[d] already been completed and submitted to the insurer." Although NMC had thus made it very clear that Mira was welcome to return to her job upon completion of the necessary paperwork, Mira not only refused to complete the reinstatement form, but also remained away from work and applied for state unemployment benefits, which were denied after the Indiana Department of Employment and Training Services determined that Mira "was not discharged" by NMC. As far as we are able to determine from the record, Mira has to date failed to offer any explanation for her unwillingness to complete these forms and/or return to work at NMC.
Notwithstanding Mira's failure to complete a reinstatement form, NMC paid all of the past premiums due and all of the employees' health insurance coverage (including Mira's) was reinstated retroactive to May 1, 1992. Thus, all of Mira's claims were paid in full. NMC learned that its employees' health insurance coverage had been reinstated on November 2, 1992, and there is no evidence in the record that Mira had to wait for an undue amount of time before having her claims paid by Blue Cross/Blue Shield. In spite of receiving full payment, Mira opted to pursue this litigation against NMC.
B. District Court Proceedings
The Miras filed this action on April 5, 1993 and amended the original complaint on April 29, 1993, setting forth five causes of action: (1) interference with the Miras' ERISA rights, in violation of 29 U.S.C. sec. 1140, (2) a civil RICO claim based on alleged violations of Title 18 U.S.C. sec. 664, (3) a state-law claim under Indiana Code sec. 34-4-30-1 (which permits victims of property crimes to recover civil damages), (4) breach of fiduciary duties imposed by ERISA, 29 U.S.C. sec. 1104, and (5) an action for punitive damages based on the defendants' allegedly "reckless," "wanton," "willful," and "malicious" termination of Mira.
Each of the parties to the litigation filed motions for summary judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(c). On June 6, 1994, the district court denied the Miras' motion, and granted the defendants' summary judgment motion with respect to all of the claims except for the plaintiffs' interference with ERISA rights claim, *fn2 which it referred to a magistrate judge for trial. *fn3
After the court ruled on the summary judgment motions, it issued a separate order (dated June 6, 1994) denying the Miras' motion for class certification pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(c). The court reasoned that its disposition of the summary judgment motions left only the interference with ERISA rights claim, an individual cause of action brought on behalf of Diana Mira only, and thus denied class certification. The plaintiffs moved for reconsideration of the denial of the class-certification motion on June 13, 1994 and the court denied the motion two days later.
On November 28, 1994, following a bench trial, the magistrate judge found in favor of the defendants on Mira's interference with ERISA rights claim, concluding that none of NMC's actions were "taken for the purpose of or with the intent to interfere with any of [Mira's] rights under the employee benefit plan or to retaliate against her for exercising those rights." After the entry of final judgment on the interference with ERISA rights claim, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal in this court. The appellants do not challenge the magistrate judge's ruling on the interference with ERISA rights claim; instead, they assign as error the trial court's denial of their motion for summary judgment and the denial of their motion for class certification.
The questions presented are: (1) whether the district court erred in granting summary judgment for the defendants on the Miras' ERISA breach of fiduciary duty claim, (2) whether the district court erred in granting summary judgment for the defendants on the Miras' RICO claim, and (3) whether, under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23, it was proper for the district court to rule on the Miras' motion for class certification after it decided the summary judgment motions.
A. Standards of Review
The appellants challenge the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendants on their ERISA breach of fiduciary duty and RICO claims. "We review the district court's grant of summary judgment de novo, drawing all reasonable inferences from the record in the light most favorable to the non-moving party." Johnson v. Runyon, 47 F.3d 911, 917 (7th Cir. 1995) (citing Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247 (1986)). A trial judge will grant a motion for summary judgment when "the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). "If no reasonable jury could find for the party opposing the motion, it must be granted." Hedberg v. Indiana Bell Tel. Co., 47 F.3d 928, 931 (7th Cir. 1995) (citing Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248). "Conclusory allegations by the party opposing the motion cannot defeat the motion." Id.
While the summary judgment standards set forth above govern two of the three issues presented on appeal, we review the district court's decision to deny class certification for an abuse of discretion. Retired Chicago Police Ass'n v. City of Chicago, 7 F.3d 584, 596 (7th Cir. 1993).
B. Breach of Fiduciary Duty Under ERISA
The first issue before the trial court on summary judgment was whether the plaintiffs could recover from NMC and its officers for breaching fiduciary duties imposed by secs. 404 and 409 of ERISA. 29 U.S.C. secs. 1104 and 1109. An ERISA fiduciary (i.e., one who is entrusted with plan assets) owes duties of loyalty and care to the plan. He or she must "discharge his [or her] duties with respect to [the] plan solely in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries." 29 U.S.C. sec. 1104(a)(1). Additionally, an ERISA fiduciary is obligated to act "with the care, skill, prudence, and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing that a prudent man acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use in the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like aims." 29 U.S.C. sec. 1104(a)(1)(B).
1. The Defendants' Conduct
The dire financial circumstances facing NMC between May and September of 1992 does not excuse the defendants' failure to pay the health insurance premium payments, nor does it justify the company's failure to timely inform employees of the lapse in their insurance coverage. We are of the opinion that this conduct was a violation of the "duty of care" standard, for the defendants, as fiduciaries, owed to the plan participants and beneficiaries a duty to act with the "care, skill, prudence and diligence" of a "prudent man acting in a like capacity." 29 U.S.C. sec. 1104(a)(1)(B). Indeed, the defendants conceded at oral argument in this case that their actions represented a "breach of trust." Nevertheless, for reasons explained herein, we agree with the district court's finding that because the plan and its participants and beneficiaries suffered no harm, i.e., no economic loss, "it is irrelevant whether the defendants did in fact breach their fiduciary duty."
2. Economic Loss: "No Harm, No Foul?"
Initially, the plaintiffs argue that a showing of economic loss is not required as a condition of recovery for breach of fiduciary duty under ERISA, relying upon Leigh v. Engle, 727 F.2d 113 (7th Cir. 1984). Since Leigh is factually and legally distinguishable from the case before us, we believe that the Miras' reliance on this case is misplaced. In Leigh, this court held that the various defendants (ERISA fiduciaries) had breached fiduciary duties owed to the beneficiaries of a sizeable employee profit-sharing trust and could be held liable under ERISA, even though the defendants' actions had not resulted in a financial loss to the trust. The investment activities challenged by the plaintiffs in Leigh, far from harming the trust financially, "produced in the aggregate the extraordinary return on investment of 72%, exclusive of dividends." Id. at 121. Nevertheless, this court held that by investing the trust's assets in various companies in which the fiduciaries had a personal stake, the fiduciaries breached their duty of loyalty, i.e., ERISA's requirement that those who control employee benefit plans act "solely in the interest" of plan beneficiaries and "for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits." Id. (quoting 29 U.S.C. sec. 1104(a)(1)). The court allowed recovery under ERISA--even though the trust suffered no financial loss--because the fiduciaries had clearly breached the duty of loyalty they owed to the beneficiaries. By contrast, the defendants here did not put the plan at risk for their own personal gain or benefit; rather, they used the funds that should have been applied to pay the insurance premiums for the day-to-day expenses that were necessary to keep the business afloat and thus keep its entire workforce employed. In this case, we are convinced that it would be improper to impose liability under ERISA absent a showing of either economic harm to the plan *fn4 or a breach of the duty of loyalty.
The plaintiffs argue that they suffered economic loss in the form of "opportunity costs." The term "opportunity cost," which is borrowed from the field of economics, refers to "[t]he amount that is sacrificed when choosing one activity over the next best alternative." The Portable MBA Desk Reference 295 (Paul A. Argenti ed., 1994); see also 3 The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics 718 (Eatwell, et al. eds., 1987); Robert Cooter & Thomas Ulen, Law and Economics 35 (1988). The plaintiffs' theory, as articulated in their appellate brief, is that "when the defendants took plaintiffs' money [i.e., the payroll deductions that ought to have been applied to the payment of insurance premiums] and diverted it to other uses for several months, there [was] a cost attached to that. In other words, had plaintiffs had that money to themselves, they could have used it and actually derived some benefit, i.e., interest, which is a classic definition of opportunity costs." *fn5 The plaintiffs' evidence, including DeMoss' deposition testimony, fails to support this theory. *fn6
Although this court has acknowledged that the concept of "opportunity cost" may be relevant or instructive in some contexts, see e.g., Chronister Oil Co. v. Unocal, 34 F.3d 462, 465 (7th Cir. 1994), we fail to see how this economic concept applies in the present case. Initially, we note that the plaintiffs were not entirely "deprived" of the value of the funds that ought to have been applied by the defendants towards insurance premium payments. Rather, these funds were diverted to a use that clearly benefitted all of NMC's employees, including Mira, i.e., keeping the company afloat and retaining all of the employees on the payroll. Furthermore, no amount of contrived economic theory can change the reality that the plan was reinstated and the Miras were reimbursed for any and all claims filed during the period in question. At the end of the day, the plaintiffs got exactly what they were promised under the terms of the employee benefit plan offered by NMC; thus, they suffered no economic loss.
In light of our holding that the plaintiffs suffered no economic loss, we hold that this case falls within the "no harm, no foul" rule. *fn7 It is a longstanding principle in civil law that there can be no monetary recovery unless the plaintiff has suffered harm. See, e.g., Brock v. Robbins, 830 F.2d 640, 647 (7th Cir. 1987) ("[M]onetarily penalizing an honest but imprudent trustee whose actions do not result in a loss to the fund will not further the primary purpose of ERISA . . . ."). Therefore, even if the defendants did breach the fiduciary duties they owed to the plaintiffs, in violation of ERISA, the Miras are not entitled to recovery of damages for that breach absent proof of an actual economic loss. *fn8 To hold otherwise would give the plaintiffs a windfall in the form of double recovery because, as previously noted, the plaintiffs (and the plan) have already been made whole by the reinstatement of the plan and the payment of all outstanding insurance claims.
C. The Miras' Civil RICO Claim
We are also asked to review the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendants on the Miras' civil RICO claim. According to the Miras, the defendants repeatedly diverted plan funds to an improper use, in violation of 18 U.S.C. sec. 664, and thus engaged in a "pattern of racketeering activity."
RICO was originally enacted "in an attempt to eradicate organized, long-term criminal activity." Midwest Grinding Co. v. Spitz, 976 F.2d 1016, 1019 (7th Cir. 1992). In order to recover treble damages, costs, and attorney's fees under the civil enforcement provisions of RICO, a plaintiff must establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, all of the elements of a criminal RICO violation. Id. As we have previously explained:
The elements of a RICO violation consist of (1) conduct (2) of an enterprise (3) through a pattern (4) of racketeering activity. A pattern of racketeering activity consists of at least two predicate acts of racketeering committed within a ten-year period. Predicate acts are acts indictable under a specified list of criminal laws. Id. (quotation omitted).
Theft or embezzlement from an employee benefit plan, in violation of 18 U.S.C. sec. 664, is a "predicate act" for purposes of establishing a RICO violation. 18 U.S.C. sec. 1961(1). Section 664 provides criminal penalties for:
Any person who embezzles, steals, or unlawfully and willfully abstracts or converts to his own use or the use of another, any of the moneys, funds, securities, premiums, credits, property, or other assets of any employee welfare benefit plan . . . or any fund connected therewith . . . . 18 U.S.C. sec. 664 (emphasis added).
When ruling in favor of the defendants on the RICO claim, the district judge found that they lacked the requisite intent for a violation of sec. 664, stating: "the Miras have pointed to no evidence that could support a reasonable determination that the defendants acted with fraudulent intent, a bad purpose, or an evil motive." *fn9 We are of the opinion that the district judge accurately assessed the evidence. The defendants knew of the failure to make premium payments and (for some time at least) were unable to adopt proper management procedures to deal with the situation. However, neither DeMoss' deposition testimony nor any other evidence in the record supports the plaintiffs' claim that the lapse of insurance coverage resulted from "callous and deprived [sic] indifference" on the part of the defendants. To the contrary, the evidence suggests that the defendants had their employees' long-term best interests at heart but encountered such severe financial hardship that they were forced to make radical though very questionable financial decisions in order that they might stay in business and avoid laying off any employees.
While we agree that the defendants did not by any stretch of the imagination act with "a bad purpose" or an "evil motive," we need not decide whether sec. 664 requires this level of intent, as the district judge assumed in the absence of any controlling precedent from this circuit. The statute does not state that the conversion of plan funds must be motivated by an evil purpose; it merely prohibits the "unlawful[] and willful[]" conversion of plan funds. The conduct of NMC was unlawful and willful, even if (as the record demonstrates) the defendants had basically good intentions (i.e., keeping the company afloat and preserving jobs). We are aware that some courts, interpreting the "unlawful and willful" language in sec. 664, have held that a defendant must act with specific criminal intent, i.e., "a fraudulent intent or bad purpose or an evil motive." United States v. Andreen, 628 F.2d 1236, 1241 (9th Cir. 1980); see also United States v. Busacca, 936 F.2d 232, 239-40 (6th Cir. 1991); Young v. West Coast Indus. Relations Ass'n, Inc., 763 F. Supp. 64, 74 (D. Del. 1991). *fn10 However, this circuit has not to date addressed the meaning and scope of the intent requirement in sec. 664, and we see no necessity to do so in this case because, as the trial court noted, there is another, far more obvious obstacle to the Miras' civil RICO claim. The civil remedies provided for in the RICO statute extend only to a person who has been "injured in his business or property by reason of a [RICO] violation." 18 U.S.C. sec. 1964 (emphasis added). For reasons discussed at length in the previous section of this decision, the plaintiffs have failed to establish that they or the plan suffered an injury (i.e., economic loss) as a result of the defendants' conduct. Thus, they are without standing to recover civil damages under RICO, and the grant of summary judgment was proper on that basis. See Dresser Industries, Inc. v. Pyrrhus AG, 936 F.2d 921, 935 (7th Cir. 1991).
D. Class Certification
Lastly, the Miras challenge the district court's denial of their motion for class certification as inconsistent with the requirements of Rule 23. Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a district court has broad discretion to determine whether certification of a class-action lawsuit is appropriate. Retired Chicago Police Ass'n, 7 F.3d at 596. Our review is "circumscribed" and we will reverse the grant or denial of class certification only for an abuse of discretion. Id.
Generally, a district judge should seriously consider certifying a class or deny certification prior to any ruling on the merits, as the language of Rule 23 itself suggests:
As soon as practicable after the commencement of an action, the court shall determine by order whether it is to be maintained. An order under this subdivision may be conditional, and may be altered or amended before the decision on the merits. Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(c).
In this case, the district judge did not rule on the plaintiffs' motion for class certification until after he had granted summary judgment with respect to two of the Miras' claims. The Miras argue that this was improper and necessitates a remand of their case to the district court. While we agree that it is the better policy for a district court to dispose of a motion for class certification promptly and before ruling on the merits of the case, the failure to follow this preferred procedure does not necessarily amount to reversible error. See, e.g., DeBruyne v. Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, 920 F.2d 457, 463 (7th Cir. 1990) (district court was affirmed despite its "fail[ure] to resolve the class certification aspects of the complaint prior to making a conclusive determination on the merits . . . ."). Because Mira's breach of fiduciary duty and RICO claims are so lacking in merit, we see no need to remand this case based solely on the improper timing of the district court's class certification ruling.
Furthermore, we are of the opinion that class certification would have been improper in this case even if the district court had considered the plaintiffs' motion before resolving some of the substantive issues on summary judgment. As the defendants correctly note in their brief, the Miras' claims failed to meet most, if not all, of the prerequisites for maintaining a class action. Under Rule 23, there are four such prerequisites, all of which must be satisfied in order for certification to be proper. The Rule states:
One or more members of a class may sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf of all only if (1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable, (2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class, (3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class, and (4) the representative of the parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class. Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a) (emphasis added).
The size of the purported class in this case was very small (approximately sixteen plan participants and their beneficiaries), and the record does not reflect that any of the potential class members sought to intervene in the plaintiffs' lawsuit, as one might expect if they had been genuinely aggrieved by the defendants' conduct. As to the remaining prerequisites for maintaining a class action, we observe that while there may have been some common questions of law and fact, the Miras' claims were hardly "typical" of the putative class. These claims included Mira's assertion that she was unlawfully terminated by NMC for asserting rights under ERISA, and that she suffered "anxiety and other distress as a result of being discharged." There is no evidence that other NMC employees were either discharged *fn11 or suffered emotional distress in connection with the temporary loss of health insurance coverage at NMC. The plaintiffs' claims therefore extended well beyond any causes of action that the Miras arguably shared with other NMC plan participants, and could not be considered "typical" for purposes of class certification.
To summarize: although the procedural method chosen by the district judge is not the one favored under Rule 23, we refuse to disturb his denial of class certification because (1) the plaintiffs' underlying claims clearly lack merit, as evidenced by our affirmance of the district court's summary judgment rulings, and (2) class certification would not have been appropriate even if the district judge had considered the question before disposing of two of the Miras' substantive claims on summary judgment.
This court recently had occasion to mention the virtues of summary judgment as a " 'tool of great utility in removing factually insubstantial cases from crowded dockets, freeing courts' trial time for those that really do raise genuine issues of material fact.' " Mills v. First Federal Savings & Loan, 83 F.3d 833, 846 (7th Cir. 1996) (quoting United Food and Commercial Workers Union Local No. 88 v. Middendorf Meat Co., 794 F.Supp. 328, 330 (E.D. Mo. 1992), aff'd, 991 F.2d 801 (8th Cir. 1992)). That observation once again seems appropriate, for the ERISA and RICO portions of the Miras' lawsuit strike us as classic examples of meritless and wasteful litigation. As the defendants concede, they breached their fiduciary duties as plan administrators. However, the inescapable fact is that all of the plan participants and beneficiaries, including Mira, were made whole by the reinstatement of the plan (and, in Mira's case, the full payment of her medical insurance claims). There was, therefore, no actionable loss or injury for purposes of either the ERISA or the RICO claim, and summary judgment was clearly proper. As this court has noted, "if no rational jury could, on the evidence presented in the summary judgment proceeding, bring in a verdict for the party opposing summary judgment . . . then summary judgment must be granted." Visser v. Packer Engineering Associates, 924 F. 2d 655, 660 (7th Cir. 1991) (emphasis added). In our considered opinion, a rational jury could not conclude that the plaintiffs suffered an economic loss because the evidence in the record establishes that the plaintiffs were made whole by the reinstatement of the plan and the payment in full of all outstanding insurance claims.
We affirm.
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About Medium and Shortwave Listener's PageThe "Medium and Shortwave Listener's Page" resource is listed in dxzone.com under 1 categories. Its main category is Shortwave radio links (Shortwave radio links, broadcasting stations clubs and pirate radios). Listed in our web site directory since Saturday Oct 24 2009, as a result, till today this link has been followed 4729 times. So far received 9 votes for a total score of 6.67/10
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Well here we are, fellow award show aficionados. A mere week after the Tonys (and the same night as the Daytime Emmys), we have the MuchMusic Video Awards.
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We're surprised it hasn't occurred to them that they could make a lot more money just eliminating the yellow all together. Entering an intersection could be a lot like playing Russian roulette!
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5. November 2015
The "Germany – Land of Ideas" initiative had honoured the work of Alexander Gerst, the 11th German in Space, with a commemorative plaque "Space of Ideas" by the artist Stefan Strumbel as a greeting from the home country. The geophysicist carried out a number of scientific experiments that will be the basis for important innovations on earth. In the video the ESA astronaut talks about the role of space travel for Germany and mounts the commemorative plaque.Read moreto: Space of ideas: Interview with astronaut Alexander Gerst
29. October 2015
Winners of the ideas competition "Everyone wants to grow old, but no one wants to live like an old person!" presented in Stuttgart / Prizes worth 11,500 Euros awardedRead moreto: Ideas competition: Mayor of Hessisch Lichtenau impresses with "Barrier-Free Inner City"
22. October 2015
It has a presence in Pune, India. It can be found in Bogotá, Colombia. Accra, the capital of Ghana, also boasts it. We're talking about the DAAD, the German Academic Exchange Service, which is celebrating its 90th birthday in 2015.Read moreto: Anniversary: 90 years and a lot more in the pipeline
2. October 2015
On the occasion of the Day of the German Reunification on 3 October 2015 we present 10 "Landmarks in the Land of Ideas" that actively promote the growing together of East and West.Read moreto: 10 Excellent Ideas for German Unity
15. September 2015
Read moreto: Throwback: A Festival full of Ideas
24. August 2015
Read moreto: Festival of Ideas: Think. Share. Experience.
20. August 2015
Read moreto: Internal Space – External Space – Cyberspace! Diplomacy in the age of digitization
30. July 2015
The 100 prizewinners on the theme of digitisation have been named. We talked with Ulrich Grillo, Jürgen Fitschen, and two jury chairmen Prof. Dr. Michael Hüther and Prof. Dr. Martin Roth about the digital revolution and the "Landmarks in the Land of Ideas" competition. Read moreto: A double tete-a-tete: an interview with Jürgen Fitschen, Ulrich Grillo, Prof. Dr. Hüther, and Prof. Dr. Roth
15. May 2015
"Urban Space. Rural Space. Cyberspace!" – under this motto the 100 winning projects of the "Landmarks in the Land of Ideas" competition 2015 have been chosen. The initiators of the competition, "Germany – Land of Ideas" and Deutsche Bank, were happy to receive more than 1,000 applications. Read moreto: A network full of ideas: the 100 best German innovations for a digital world have been selected
23. April 2015
The international cooperation project "Study in Germany – Land of Ideas" is geared towards students all over the world, inviting them to study at a research location in Germany.Read moreto: "Germany – Land of Ideas" & "Study in Germany"
© 2016 Deutschland - Land der Ideen


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No sooner have Toots Loudenberry and her three best friends - Sophie, Ida, and Mavis - returned from providing some much-needed psychic advice to the First Lady of California, when another situation demands their attention. Troubled Hollywood starlet Laura Leigh is missing. Toots' daughter, Abby,... read more has both a personal and professional stake in the story. Not only is she editor-in-chief at gossip magazine The Informer, but entertainment attorney Chris Clay, Abby's would-be beau, was the last person seen with Laura. And now he's missing, too. With the help of friends in high - and low - places, the Godmothers will navigate Hollywood's glittering inner circles and seedy underbelly to discover the truth. Along the way, they'll uncover unexpected secrets that not even one of Sophie's seances could have predicted...
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DexOS is definitely a light OS, like MenuetOS, for old computers.
AROS doesn't count since it's for research/VM. Visopsys is nice I suppose, but is more than matched by other Linux distributions.
2010 IBM Thinkpad 510, 4GB RAM, i5-540M, NVS 3100M
Running Ubuntu 11.04
Anyways, Pud or the GTK remix won't take 6 hours to install, will they?
INX (based on Ubuntu Hardy) intrigues me.
Hard to believe this thread is a year old. ...
Is INX better or worse than the GTK Remix?
Did K.Mandla get the installer working?


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July 11, 2005
LISA PUNGITORE AND ANTHONY PUNGITORE, W/H, PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS,v.CLYDE J. BROWN, JR., AND DEANN M. COX, DEFENDANTS-RESPONDENTS.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Camden County, Docket No. L-7490-03.
Submitted June 28, 2005
Before Judges Stern, Cuff and Axelrad.
This is a verbal threshold appeal. Plaintiff's*fn1 complaint was dismissed because her injury, although documented by objective credible medical evidence, was considered not of sufficient severity to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to the first prong of the verbal threshold test. We reverse and remand for trial.
Plaintiff Lisa Pungitore was involved in a motor vehicle accident on November 27, 2000, when a motor vehicle driven by defendant Clyde Brown and owned by defendant Deann Cox struck the rear of plaintiff's vehicle. Plaintiff was stopped at an intersection when struck by defendant Brown. Following the accident, plaintiff sought medical treatment at the emergency room of the local hospital, received care as an out-patient from a chiropractor, and was also evaluated by orthopedists. Eventually, two MRI's were conducted that revealed a herniated disc at the L5-S1 level. She was also diagnosed as suffering from sciatica although no nerve conduction studies were performed.
Plaintiff testified at her deposition that she is no longer able to bowl with her children or take long walks. She can lean forward but not bend fully at the waist. She can no longer garden. Her husband now does the principal shopping for the family, although she does the lighter or pick-up shopping. Plaintiff and her husband also asserted that their marital relationship had deteriorated since the accident. Both averred that they engaged in sexual relations six to eight times a month before the accident, but that they had engaged in marital relations, or attempted to do so, only a handful of times since the November 2000 accident.
Plaintiff also supplied two physicians' certifications. Dr. Lawrence Barr certified that plaintiff suffered a post-traumatic cervical sprain and strain, and a post-traumatic lumbosacral sprain and strain with herniated nucleus pulposus at L5-S1, with right-sided sciatica. Dr. Barr also stated that the injuries are permanent, that the areas injured "have not healed to function normally and the injured areas will not heal to function normally with further medical treatment." Dr. Ronald Brody filed a similar certification.
The motion judge found that plaintiff's allegation of the dramatic alteration of sexual relations with her husband established the second prong of the verbal threshold test. He also found that the injuries, although established by objective medical evidence, were of insufficient severity to satisfy the first prong of the verbal threshold test.
On June 14, 2005, the Supreme Court released its opinions in two verbal threshold cases: DiProspero v. Penn, ___ N.J. ___ (2005), and Serrano v. Serrano, ___ N.J. ___ (2005). In DiProspero, the Court held that N.J.S.A. 39:6A-8, as amended by AICRA,*fn2 incorporated the requirement that the injury be proven by objective credible evidence. DiProspero, supra, ___ N.J. at ___ (slip op. at 23-24). Additionally, the statute requires that plaintiff file a certification by a physician that the injury satisfies one of the statutory categories. Id. at ___ (slip op. at 14). The Court held, however, that AICRA did not adopt the "serious life impact" standard articulated in Oswin v. Shaw, 129 N.J. 290 (1992). DiProspero, supra, ___ N.J. at ___ (slip op. at 23-24).
In Serrano, the Court also eschewed a further refinement of the objective credible medical evidence of injury prong that required that the demonstrated injury be severe. Serrano, supra, ___ N.J. at ___ (slip op. at 3). Justice Albin stated:
[W]e cannot conclude that the Legislature intended this Court to create a new subjective standard of serious injury and to transpose it onto the statutorily defined threshold categories. [Id. at ___ (slip op. at 14).]
In conclusion, the Court reiterated that "plaintiff need only prove that [s]he suffered an injury described in N.J.S.A. 39:6A-8(a)'s limitation on lawsuit threshold to recover non-economic damages." Id. at ___ (slip op. at 16).
Here, plaintiff asserts that she satisfies the sixth category. That is, she has suffered "a permanent injury within a reasonable degree of medical probability." N.J.S.A. 39:6A-8a. In support of this assertion, she has supplied objective credible medical evidence of a herniated disc at the L5-S1 level and two physicians' certifications that the injury is permanent and that further treatment will not restore the lumbosacral region to full function. In the consolidated cases of Beltran v. DeLima and Imerman v. Munoz, ___ N.J. Super. ___ (App. Div. 2005) (slip op. at ___), we decided that the rules announced in DiProspero and Serrano should be afforded pipeline retroactivity.
In accordance with DiProspero and Serrano, plaintiff has submitted the requisite evidence to satisfy the verbal threshold that allows a jury to resolve her claim for non-economic damages. We, therefore, reverse the May 28, 2004 order granting defendants' motion for summary judgment and remand for trial.
Reversed and remanded for trial.
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Name: UFC on FX 6
Title: Sotiropoulos vs. Pearson
Date: Dec 15, 2012
Location: Gold Coast Convention Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Organization: Ultimate Fighting Championship
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I got goosebumps. We're going to see a fist fight, folks! Very quick exchange and Rodriguez pressures Johnson against the cage and muscles him to the mat. Rodriguez is in half guard, but Johnson scoots-out from underneath. Ground scramble ends up with both men getting to their feet. They're in the clinch and Johnson lands some hard body shots to the challenger. Rodriguez dragged the champ down with a knee-pick and landed in the Champ's guard. During the last few seconds of the round, the champ was setting up a triangle, but the bell rang. Round 2: The round starts off with some ranging shots from the Champ, and then he completes a very nice pulling-single-leg takedown (GSP style). Rodriguez lands on the ground with the Champ firmly attached to his back. Johnson is trying to soften up Rodriguez so he'll give up his neck. The round ends with the Champ in a dominant back mount position. Whew! Round 3: Rodriguez lands a HUGE headkick right out of the shoot - we're talking shin watch video >>
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Portugal Azores 75, 150 and 300 Reis 1794 to 1798
The Azores, an archipelago in the middle of the Atlancic, have been known since the 13th century and the islands were first settled in the mid 15th century by the Portuguese. Apart from a purge in 1583 and some civil wars around 1640, the Azores have a rather peaceful history.
Coin: 17170 , Genre: Colonizers and Colonies
Requested by: Jim Khouri, Sun, 08-Jun-2014 09:58:21 GMT
Answered by: Paul, Mon, 09-Jun-2014 11:33:39 GMT
Reviewed by CoinQuest. Appraisal ok., Tue, 24-May-2016 22:28:29 GMT
Requester description: 1794 REGINA MARIA.I.D.G.PORT.ET.ALG 300 1974 IN HOC SIGNO VINGES Crowned sheild Cross 300 Reis
Tags: portugal azores 75 150 300 reis regina maria i port et alg hoc signo vinges crowned crown sheild shield cross reginaf tiara crwon crpwn crowns tiarra crowning tiera shiled shied chevrons shileld shild escucheon shelid chevron ashield shields jerusalem rose rosette floret flower coat arms flowerettes rosettes rossette roses florets blossom fler fleurs lises leis lisse flur folwers stems trefoils floral lily orchid posy bouquet flowers fllower flour bud lilly fleur bloomed trefoil floer stem flowery lilys fluer fleures pedals coats crests insignia crested crest creast
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Details of this Paper
Ecology Multiple Choice Questions Set
Question;76. The two most important factors that determine an area's climate are temperature and windtemperature and precipitationprecipitation and lightlight and temperaturewind and light77. Deep lakes with steep banks that have a small supply of plant nutrients are oligotrophic lakeseutrophic lakesculturally eutrophic lakeshypereutrophic lakesmesotrophic lakes78. The most effective water heater is an electric water tankis a gas water heateris an oil water heateris a tankless instant water heater fired by natural gasis a propane water heater79. One-third of the human food supply comes from plant that are pollinated by batsbirdsinsectswindmammals80. The direct threat of climate change to marine habitat is increase in carbon storage in oceansspread of tropical diseasesdecreased salinity of waterrising sea levelsUV radiation from ozone depletion81. The greatest marine biodiversity is located in the bottom region of the oceanin the surface region of the oceanin the coastal region of the oceanin the open oceanin coral reefs82. It is necessary to use energy to get energy. The difference between what you get and what you use to get it is called gainlossgross energyprofitnet energy83. An old-growth forest would be defined as a commercial forest older than 30 yearsa forest undisturbed for at least 50 yearsa second-growth forest undisturbed for at least 100 yearsa re-planted forest that has had little disturbance for 100 yearsan uncut or regenerated primary forest undisturbed for several hundred years84. Which of the following is NOT one of the external geologic processes driven by energy from the sun? formation of mountainswind erosionweatheringwater erosionglacial erosion85. The dimly lit zone in which zooplankton and smaller fishes predominate, is the abyssal zoneeuphotic zoneestuary zonebathyal zonebenthic zone86. Forests cover about _____ % of the U.S. land area. 101525305087. The continuous, low level extinction of species that has occurred since the beginning of life on earth is called continual extinctionmass extinctionbackground extinctionlocal extinctionbiological extinction88. Which of the following countries has a significant whaling industry and whale meat market? United StatesAustraliaGreat BritainJapanChina89. The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is soil typetopographygeologyclimatelandforms90. The root cause of food insecurity is warpolitical upheavalpovertycorruptionclimate change91. The location on the earth?s surface above where an earthquake begins is called its apexfocusmagnitudeepicenterfault92. The world?s single largest cause of illness is malariatyphoidmosquitoespoor healthunsafe drinking water93. The middle, partially melted zone of the interior of the earth is called the crusttectonic platecoremantlemagma94. Which part of the earth?s crust makes up 71% of the crust? oceanic crustasthenospherelithospherecontinental crustgeosphere95. Which of the following describes a local area?s short-term temperature, precipitation, and humidity? climateweatherrainshadowthermal inversionswind patterns96. Approximately _____ of the commercial energy used in the U.S. is wasted 25%58%65%78%84%97. In 2008 approximately 36% of the commercial honeybee colonies in the U.S. were lost due to? habitat lossclimate changehybridization with African honey beescolony collapse disorderpesticide use98. It takes approximately ____ barrels of water to produce one barrel of shale oil 125102599. Prevailing winds are the result of what? temperaturedirection the sun strikes the earthrotation of the earth on its axisocean currentssun storms100. Which of the following refers to the ability of a living system to be restored after a period of moderate disturbance? stabilityinertiaconstancystabilityresilience
Paper#62703 | Written in 18-Jul-2015Price : $21


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Recover Android Device in case of Forgot password/pattern unlock an Android device
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Questions and Answers
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Having unwanted fat in various locations of your body can have a substantial impact on your health and self-confidence. While conventional weight reduction through exercise and diet plan is an excellent method to slim down overall, even the best exercises cannot target problem locations like the belly, inner thighs, arms, and butts. Liposuction is a time tested treatment that is utilized to get rid of excess fat from particular areas of the body, permitting an individual to shape and contour their body to their liking. Is liposuction right for you? Find out now.
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API STD 612 7th Edition, August 1, 2014
Complete Document
Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries - Steam Turbines - Special-Purpose Applications
Additional Comments: C61207
Published By:American Petroleum Institute (API)
Page Count:156
This standard specifies the minimum requirements for steam turbines for special-purpose applications for use in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. These requirements include basic design, materials, fabrication, inspection testing, and preparation for shipment. It also covers the related lube oil systems, instrumentation, control systems, and auxiliary equipment. It is not applicable to general-purpose steam turbines, which are covered in API 611.


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UK pension reforms28 Sep 2005
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Blair backs radical pension reform
Tony Blair on Tuesday gave the clearest hint yet that the UK Government would bring in a state-backed savings system which would feature automatic enrolment, as part of a package of proposals designed to solve the country's pensions crisis.
Speaking at the Labour Party conference in Brighton, Blair said that after receiving Adair Turner's Pensions Commission recommendations at the end of November, the Government planned to implement reform of the system in the new year.
The secondary scheme hinted at by Blair is expected to be among Turner's key proposals, and is widely believed to be based on the New Zealand system, in which all workers will have a percentage of their salary automatically deducted and invested in a second pension.


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Stoke v Reading Odds: Royals bid to continue fine run of form
Stoke and Reading meet at the Britannia Stadium for their latest Premier League fixture on Saturday afternoon. The home side start favourites in the latest match odds but they have endured a dismal run of form since they beat Liverpool on Boxing Day and they are yet to taste victory during 2013, while in contrast Reading have been a revelation since Christmas.
Stoke have failed to win since in the league since they beat Liverpool 3-1 and they have now won just one of their last 10. That run of form leaves Tony Pulis's team firmly rooted in mid-table in 10th place but they do start 10/11 favourites this weekend. Meanwhile, Reading have been enjoying a fantastic run of form and they are 33/10 to pick up another win and 5/2 to draw with Bet Victor.
Brian McDermott's side have lost just one of their last seven matches and they have won three of their last four in the league. That form has taken them from 'relegation certainties' to 17th place in the table and two points clear of the bottom three. Another positive result on Saturday doesn't look out of the question, particularly as they have won four and lost none of the last seven meetings with Stoke.
The Royals will be looking to Adam Le Fondre to continue his exceptional goalscoring exploits of late as he bids to add to his tally of 12 goals for the season. Le Fondre has scored five goals in his last four Premier League appearances, with all five coming after he came off the bench as a substitute, and he is 15/2 to be last goalscorer again on Saturday.
Reading have made a habit of grabbing the last goal in games as they have scored the highest percentage of goals in the final 15 minutes of matches in the top flight (41%) and they are 13/8 to score last again this weekend. They certainly haven't been short of goals of late as they have scored at least two in each of their last six, although they have kept just one clean sheet in seven themselves.
Stoke, who were renowned for their defensive steel in the early part of the season, have had problems of their own as they have kept just one clean sheet in 10 and both teams to score is available at 10/11 with Victor Chandler. Stoke have also had problems with scoring but their direct style could cause Reading problems.
Tony Pulis's men have scored the highest percentage of goals from set pieces in the Premiership this term and the first goal method to be a header can be backed at 22/5 this Saturday. However, the worry for Pulis will be his side's poor recent form and they may have to settle for yet another draw after drawing 15 of 29 matches this season.
Stoke v Reading Form
Check the season's statistics for both Stoke and Reading, plus the odds ahead of Saturday's match.
Stoke v Reading Tips
Tip #1: Draw @ 5/2 with Bet Victor.
Tip #2: Both teams to score @ 10/11 with Bet Victor.
Tip #3: Reading to score last @ 13/8 with BetVictor.
Stoke v Reading Odds
Match Betting
10/11 Stoke
5/2 Draw
33/10 Reading
Correct Score Odds
13/2 Stoke 1-0
9/1 Stoke 2-0
9/1 Stoke 2-1
10/1 Draw 0-0
7/1 Draw 1-1
20/1 Draw 2-2
13/1 Reading 1-0
30/1 Reading 2-0
16/1 Reading 2-1
First Goalscorer Odds
5/1 Peter Crouch
5/1 Kenwyne Jones
11/2 Jon Walters
6/1 Michael Owen
13/2 Cameron Jerome
7/1 Pavel Pogrebnyak
15/2 Adam Le Fondre
19/2 Noel Hunt
19/2 Nick Blackman
10/1 No Goalscorer
10/1 Jason Roberts
11/1 Charlie Adam
Odds supplied by BetVictor.com, who offer live in-play betting for all Premier League matches.
Archive - Previous 5 Football Articles
Norwich v Fulham Odds Goals could be at a premium at Carrow Road
Norwich Are Winless In Their Last Eight
|8th Feb
Brighton v Hull Odds The Tigers looking to continue impressive away form
The Visitors Are Unbeaten In Seven Matches On The Road
|7th Feb
Southampton v Man City Odds City in for a stern test at St Marys
Back Rickie Lambert To Score 100th Saints Goal
|7th Feb
Chelsea v Wigan Odds Lampard Backed To Score First
Rafa Benitez In Desperate Need Of Three Points
|7th Feb
Spurs and Newcastle tipped to get ball rolling in weekend BTTS acca
Goals Galore At Charlton, Bristol City And Coventry
|7th Feb
Headline News
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One Dollar Gold Coins were made from1849 to 1889. They were minted in Philadelphia, Charlotte, Dahlonega, New Orleans, and San Francisco.
Three different types of One Dollar Gold Coins were made: --- Type One or Liberty Head from 1849 to 1854 --- Type Two or Small Indian Princess Head from 1854 to 1856 --- Type Three or Large Indian Princess Head from 1856 to 1889.
Quite a few scarce and rare dates challenge collectors in the One Dollar Gold Coin series.
CAC. Open Wreath. Very well struck with satiny yellow-gold luster and strong eye appeal.
No L. This was the first die pair used for this first year Gold Dollar. Breen and Akers both list the mintage as a mere 1,000 coins although most of the survivors are in fairly high grade. This example is very pleasing with rich yellow-gold luster and a sharp strike.
CAC. A spectacular Type-1 Gold Dollar with intense peach-gold luster and precise definition. The hair detail, stars and wreath are all razor sharp. Fantastic quality!
Well struck with nice orange-gold luster. The surfaces are problem-free and devoid of significant marks making this coin very high-end for the grade. 41,267 minted at the tiny mint in Charlotte, N.C.
A well struck and lustrous example of this popular New Orleans mint Gold Dollar.
CAC. A very flashy and well struck Type-1 dollar that would make a strong addition to a high quality type set.
Well struck and lustrous. Clean for the grade.
CAC. Satiny yellow-gold luster and a sharp strike with pleasing clean surfaces.
Well struck with satiny yellow-gold luster.
Sharply struck with beautiful vibrant orange-gold luster.
Very well struck with flashy yellow-gold luster and strong eye appeal.
Well struck design elements with frosty green-gold luster and no significant abrasions. 290,000 struck making this the easiest to obtain 'O' mint gold dollar, yet still a scarcity at this high grade level.
Well struck with a rich gold patina and just a trace of 'rub'. Only 2,935 pieces minted with only 100 to 125 estimated survivors. A very desirable example of this scarce Dahlonega issue.
An attractive well struck example of this scarce date with subdued mint luster and original surfaces. The only New Orleans mint Type-2 Gold Dollar. Just 55,000 minted.
Slanted 5. Well struck with satiny luster and clean surfaces.
This date has a reputation as one of the most poorly produced in the series yet this example has a very pleasing appearance. The strike is solid , the planchet is defect-free, and the surfaces exhibit generous greenish-gold luster. Quite scarce with a mintage of just 13,280.
CAC. A very scarce issue with a tiny mintage of 3,533. This example displays remarkably fresh mint luster with just the barest touch of wear. An exciting and scarce Dahlonega Mint gold dollar.
With just 10,000 minted, this is a scarce coin in any grade and a true rarity in mint state. This example is well struck with flashy yellow-gold luster. Only 3 have graded higher at PCGS and none at NGC.
Rich satiny mint luster and a sharp strike.


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Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store and online.
Action - Single Shot
Caliber - 7MM Rem. Mag.
Barrel Length - 26"
Weight - 8.2 Lbs.
Sights - Ruger scope mounts
A traditional-style single shot rifle for the true connoisseur, the No. 1 is the standard-bearer of the Ruger line. The absence of a long repeating action shortens the length of the No. 1, which maximizes the ballistics of modern high-intensity magnum calibers and is a considerable advantage for the long-range shooter. This rifle includes Ruger scope mounts. Its hand-fitted American walnut stock, its metal and its bore are all in very good condition.