text:
Detecting Common Dynamics in Transitory Components
This paper considers VAR/VECM models for variables exhibiting cointegration and common features in the transitory components. While the presence of cointegration reduces the rank of the long-run multiplier matrix, other types of common features lead to rank reduction in the short-run dynamics. These common transitory components arise when linear combination of the first differenced variables in a cointegrated VAR are white noise. This paper offers a reinterpretation of the traditional approach to testing for common feature dynamics, namely checking for a singular covariance matrix for the transitory components. Instead, the matrix of short-run coefficients becomes the focus of the testing procedure thus allowing a wide range of tests for reduced rank in parameter matrices to be potentially relevant tests of common transitory components. The performance of the different methods is illustrated in a Monte Carlo analysis which is then used to reexamine an existing empirical study. Finally, this approach is applied to analyze whether one would observe common dynamics in standard DSGE models.
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|Date of creation:
|17 Nov 2009
|Date of revision:
|Contact details of provider:
| Phone: 07 3138 5066
Fax: 07 3138 1500
Web page: http://www.ncer.edu.au
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DCA Quick Links
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$$$ NEED CASH to Attend College? ?
This workshop is offered to All High School Seniors of DCA, Denair High, and
for any person in the surrounding community that is interested in completing the
FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) or Cal DREAM Act Application.
Experts from Merced Cal-Soap will be available to assist and support completion.
Date: Wednesday, November 9th
Time: 5:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m.
Place: Denair Charter Academy, Room 40 (Computer Lab)
$$ Completion of the FAFSA or Cal Dream Act Application
is the key to receiving money for college $$
Information needed to complete the FAFSA or Cal Dream Act Application:
*Social Security Number (if applicable)
*Federal Income Tax Return, W-2 forms, or other income
*Bank statements and records of business/investments (if applicable)
*Email address
*If you are a dependent student, you will need parent(s) information
Our FALL SCHEDULE is Ready and Full of New and Exciting Classes to Choose From
If you love to work with wood, we got the class for you!!
Wondering how to place irrigation in your garden? We have Landscaping Class..
You love taking pictures and meeting people,
Join our Yearbook Club, the fun is about to begin!!
Love to make a difference in the Community, then LOVE IN ACTION is for you!!
Registration and Orientation Information
Our office is open from 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM to assist you with the registration process. Parents will be given necessary school forms to review and complete.
Orientation is MANDATORY for BOTH parent/guardian and student to attend prior to students first day of school. Parents and students will be given school information and student expectations for a successful year at DCA.
ORIENTATION takes place EVERY MONDAY at 9:00 AM in ROOM 40
Please be prepared with current contact information, health needs and any other documentation that needs to be added to your student's school record file.
I look forward to meeting you and your student.
If you have any questions please contact our office, 209-634-0917.
Please print, complete and return your registration packet to DCA Office with needed documentation for enrollment.
"Personalized Educational Opportunities"
Denair Charter Academy Earns 209 Magazine Award
The students, their families and the faculty at Denair Charter Academy have long appreciated the quality of the personalized educational program available there. Now, the readers of 209 Magazine know, too. DCA was named Best Charter School for 2015 in voting by the readers of the magazine, which serves much of the 209 area code from Manteca to Turlock. There were 15 charter schools nominated, said Krista Messer of Morris Newspaper Group, which publishes the magazine. More than 44,000 votes were cast online between April 1 and May 15.
Denair Charter Academy is an independent learning program for students who do not wish or are not able to attend a traditional classroom setting. It combines academic rigor and high-quality instruction with the flexibility necessary to meet each student's unique educational needs.
Diplomas Available
Students who completed Twelveth Grade and graduated within the years of 2004 to 2015 at Denair Unified School District, and have met all graduation requirements other than passing the CAHSEE, you are eligible to receive a diploma.
Students are asked to visit their former high school office to request their diploma. Should a former student be unable to pick up the diploma, someone else may do so on the student's behalf with written authorization. Diplomas will be released only after valid photo identification has been provided.
For further questions please call the high school offices
Denair High School (209) 632-9911
Now accepting Enrollment for
No Inter-District Transfer Required!!!
Kindergarten students must be 5 years old by September 1st, 2016
Kindergarten students must complete an Dental Exam prior to first day of school.
First grade students must complete a Physical Exam prior to first day of school.
** 7-12 Grade students need current Tdap shot.
Educational Opportunity...
On-Site Classes Available!
Cyber High Classes Available!
Tutoring Available!
Direct Instruction with Individual Appointment!
DCA Parent Advisory Committee
Meeting Dates- TBD
The Denair Charter Academy is based on the belief that each student can succeed and deserves an education that is rigorous and well defined. The Academy's approach to teaching and learning is to seek and match the student's educational experiences to his or her identified abilities, interests, motivation, learning styles, and demonstrated achievement. Denair Charter Academy provides personalized instruction through Individual Learning Plans so students can receive meaningful individual attention.
Brian LaFountain
7:30am - 4:00pm
3460 Lester Road
Denair, CA 95316
(209) 634-0917

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Explore Rice Krispie Treats, Rice Crispy Treats, and more!
This website has the most creative party ideas for any theme you are looking for! Good to have pinned!!
balloons blown up to different sizes and just taped to the wall.
Mashed Potato Puffs ~ Delicious... They are Crispy on The outside and Soft, Creamy, and Cheesy on The inside.
party ideas
Rustic invite at a Christmas holiday party! See more party planning ideas at CatchMyParty.com!
Love it? Pin it to SAVE it! Follow Spend With Pennies on Pinterest for more great recipes! These are the ultimate cheese buns! An explosion of deliciousness… They are small enough to serve as an appetizer but they also are PERFECT served along side any meal! We've served these with pasta or chicken dishes and they're always wonderful! If you happen to have any leftover, the kids will love taking them for lunch! There are lots of versions of cheese {Read More}
Popcorn Vintage Party Theme
easter smores, yum
Gorgeous hot cocoa party in plaid! Check out the marshmallow stir sticks on slide 6! See more party ideas at CatchMyParty.com!
wowzzaa! YUM


text:
You are currently viewing league history pages from the 2013 season. Click here to return to the 2017 League Office.
Talbot Street Mooseheads Trophy Case
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|Recent Trophy Winners | Trophy Leaders | Full Trophy Catalog
2012-13 Most Improved Team
History (7)


text:
Looking for a Used Eagle in your area?
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Average user score
2.5 ⁄ 5 stars
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Awesome by Matthew — Produced from 1980 to 1983. It was a car way ahead of its time. With 4x4 as an all-time option. This car drives through a snow storm like its nothing. And when in 2x4, with the 4.2 it can even be a li... Read More
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text:
carternoun [ C ]uk /ˈkɑː.tər/ us /ˈkɑːr.t̬ɚ/ old use
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
(Definition of "carter" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
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Word of the Day
make off with
to steal something


text:
Supercar Blogs
All Car Collections is offers the latest car news as well as a look at the automotive past. Classic.. cars, muscle cars, exotic cars, supercar, everyday cars - All makes. All models.
Owner: Davit_Durrizal
Listed in: Automobile
Other Tags: Classic car, muscle cars, exotic cars, All models
Do you like supercar, luxury car , exotic car or street car?Can you imagine you will own these.. car?Find out review on your favourite car here and read experience who already drive your dream.. car..A one stop cars magazine...
Owner: aza4081
Listed in: Automobile
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Daily car news and reviews.
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about supercar photos and info
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Los mejores videos de internet de supercars
Owner: supercars
Listed in: Automobile
Other Tags: Ferrari, Carrera, Circuito, Drifting, Persecucion
DVLA Swansea Department which controls all vehicle licensing and registration for the United Kingdom.. retains the DVLA Carroll Trust Case Files.
Owner: carrolltrust
Listed in: Automobile
Other Tags: Gone in 60 Seconds, Awesome, Global Security, Supercar Collection, Car Heist
there is few super cars that not many people have heard of every week I will post one of these cars.. just click and enjoy
Owner: republic
Listed in: Automobile
8. Autos Video
Video Blog
Owner: herrysm22
Listed in: Automobile
Other Tags: car, motorcycle, superbike, automotive
9. DVLA Swansea - *Aston Martin *Lamborghini *Ferrari - Boosting Supercars - DVLA Biggest Fraud Case
The Carroll supercar museum which is thought to have been one of the finest collections of Ferraris.. Lamborghinis and Aston Martins in Europe.
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This blog will talk about SUPERCARS: car facts and trivia, incredible pictures, latest car news and.. models, the car of the day pick... And much more! It will also feature many luxury-related topics!
Owner: alexsmolik
Listed in: Automobile
Other Tags: supercars, ferrari, lamborghini, bugatti veyron, luxury


text:
Yellow Beach Hut #1
Tena koe ehoa
I think this is great! I like minimal abstracts where what we don't see is as dynamic as what we do see. The three acute angles in this image have a great visual synergy that has been composed excellently. Bold vibrant colour and a good contrast of that, coupled with the lineal spacing and angles make this a strong punchy but still minimal abstract.
Outstanding! A wonderful abstract. Well done.
Lovely shot, great colours
hey! wow, just wanted to say i love you photos,
nice comopsition and lighting
Great clear lines and colour, well framed.
Nice complimentary primary colours. Like the composition.
It's so…clean! Dynamic, sunny and sexy.
The other one is better but this is still stupendously magnificent.
lovely color contrast
great shot ! Love the warm colors ! The compo is perfect with the roof starting and stopping in the two corners
I would simply echo all the previous comments…..
very very well spotted!! love it!!
What a great high impact image. I enjoy the sharpness throughout, and the deep blue of the sky as a result of correctly exposing for the uch brighter yellow building. Having the roofline terminate in the two corners of the frame works very well, and all of the oblique lines give this a real dynamic quality.
Nice complimentary colors.
wonderful colour and a great absract composition; excellent!
Yellow Beach Hut #1 on flickr
- Views: 292
- Comments: 1
- Favorites: 2


text:
Subaru Problems? Ask a Mechanic for Answers ASAP
Hi there,
What model/year and what what transmission in your Subaru?
Sounds like you have two separate noises like my WRX had.
Hi again,
Do you need any further help?
I hope my advice has been of assistance to you.
Regards Gary


text:
Boston Gear 12 Pitch 27 Teeth 20 Degree Pressure Angle Bevel Gear
- Brand New 1 Left
- Item is brand new Original sealed packaging
List Price $192.99
Please note: BLINQ sells products in multiple conditions (new, open box, refurbished, etc). Not all reviews are reflective of the condition that you may purchase.
No reviews found
- Features
- 27 teeth for use with HL151Y-P mating bevel gear in 1.5:1 gear ratio applications
- Straight bevel 90 degree mesh transmits mechanical power between perpendicular shafts
- Pressure angle of 20 degrees for a lower contact ratio between gears, resulting in higher load capacity than smaller pressure angles
- Low carbon steel (0.2 percent carbon) for applications where the hardness and strength of higher levels of carbon are not needed to transmit torque and motion
- Case-hardened teeth for applications where hardness and strength are needed to transmit torque and motion
- Description
- Boston Gear HL151Y-G Bevel Gear, 1.5:1 Ratio, 0.750" Bore, 12 Pitch, 27 Teeth, 20 Degree Pressure Angle, Straight Bevel, Keyway, Steel with Case-Hardened Teeth
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text:
Where the Road Ends the Fun Begins !
From $275 / night
Description from the manager
Description from the manager
Bedrooms: 5/
Bathrooms: 5/
Sleeps: 18/
Type: House
Book this 5 bedroom, 5 bathroom house in Granbury today! A total of 18 people can sleep here comfortably.
Guests can enjoy a hot tub, deck, and outdoor grill among other amenities offered by this rental.
Travelers are sharing their opinions on this property. It has an overall rating of 5/5 thanks to an average of 2 reviews.
The owner last updated the property's calendar 9 days ago.
About the manager
About the manager
Vision Properties
Vision Properties
- Response rate: n/a
- Response time: n/a
- Calendar updated: 9 days ago
Overall rating:
5.0 / 5.0
Proximity to TripAdvisor's Top Granbury Attractions
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text:
The President of the African University College of Communications (AUCC) Dr. G. Koryoe Anim-Wright, has advised Ghanaians and Africans in general, to imbibe the attitude and mentality of "do what you have to do" instead of the current mindset of "do what you can do", as the latter sets limitations on people even before they embark on performing their assignments,... read more»
The Center for Executive Education at the African University College of Communications (AUCC) on Saturday, August 20, 2016, began a three months course in Broadcast Journalism at the Discovery House campus, Adabraka-Accra. This programme, is a hands-on training programme offering participants the opportunity to sit in the AUCC's multimedia studio for practical... read more»
Beginning of the 2016/2017 Academic Year - Monday, Sept. 26, 2016
Registration (freshly admitted students) ... read more»
The doors of the African University College of Communication (AUCC) were opened to the general public and prospective students at the 2nd Open House Seminar held at the Discovery House campus, Adabraka on Friday, July 8, 2016.
The event... read more»
Staff and workers of the African University College of Communications (AUCC) celebrated the 80th Birthday of nana essilfie conduah in a grand style on Tuesday, June 28, 2016. The event was held at its Discovery House campus, Adabraka-Accra. The occasion saw all staff, both young and old coming together to celebrate a living legend.


text:
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text:
"There's no doubt the second these guys get out they'll head straight to Baghdad and start drawing up maps from there to here," said an anonymous Pentagon official.
There were conversations dealing with the creation of what one insider called, "imprecise maps."
"We would have had gas stations in and around Baghdad distribute these faulty maps that would designate Iceland as the United States," said a Energy company president who may or may not have been at the meeting, "and once unfolded, make it nearly impossible to fold back into its original condition. You try to re-fold those things while you're driving, it could fly up in your face and then how are you able to find anything."
A small number of those at the meeting voiced their concern that some terrorists might already know how to get here and hypothetically, it might take as little as nineteen terrorists with actual directions to have the wherewithal to attack us here. They believe that evil-doers may have already infiltrated the Automobile Club and if they ever find their way to the map section of the AA Vacation Department they could get some trip advisor to actually develop a travel route that is both efficient and filled with fascinating landmarks that any terrorist kid would love to blow up.
"Not with our boys over there," said Secretary State, Condoleeza Rice. "See, while we're still over there, if something were in the plans over here, a simple daily briefing dossier stating a terrorist's intent to attack us here would instantly send up red flares in this White House, which coincidentally is also here."
The entire Bush science community, who was at the meeting, said that, "Even in the unlikely event they would get hold of an accurate map while we're still there, believing that you can get here from there while we're still there is as rational as believing an iceberg could melt."
The President closed the meeting more adamant than ever that the Democratic demand for a withdrawl date is out of the question.
"No doubt, we give them a date sure that we're leaving," said the President, "you can bet your life that before you can say, 'stay the course,' they'll be on the phone to the Automobile Club. And then it will be too late."
Steve Young is author of "Great Failures of the Extremely Successful" www.greatfailure.com


text:
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Home » Tools for Writers » Grants & Awards » Editors' Prize
A prize of $1,000 and publication in Spoon River Poetry Review is given annually for a poem. Submit two copies of up to three poems totaling no more than 10 pages with a $20 entry fee, which includes a subscription to Spoon River Poetry Review, by April 15. Send an SASE or visit the website for complete guidelines.
Spoon River Poetry Review, Editors' Prize, Illinois State University, English Department, 4241 Publications Unit, Normal, IL 61790. (309) 438-3025. Kirstin Hotelling Zona, Editor.


text:
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Conceived and designed the experiments: RR PP. Performed the experiments: RR HP. Analyzed the data: RR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RR PP. Wrote the paper: RR.
Emotions can bias human decisions- for example depressed or anxious people tend to make pessimistic judgements while those in positive affective states are often more optimistic. Several studies have reported that affect contingent judgement biases can also be produced in animals. The animals, however, cannot self-report; therefore, the valence of their emotions, to date, could only be assumed. Here we present the results of an experiment where the affect-contingent judgement bias has been produced by objectively measured positive emotions. We trained rats in operant Skinner boxes to press one lever in response to one tone to receive a food reward and to press another lever in response to a different tone to avoid punishment by electric foot shock. After attaining a stable level of discrimination performance, the animals were subjected to either handling or playful, experimenter-administered manual stimulation – tickling. This procedure has been confirmed to induce a positive affective state in rats, and the 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalisations (rat laughter) emitted by animals in response to tickling have been postulated to index positive emotions akin to human joy. During the tickling and handling sessions, the numbers of emitted high-frequency 50-kHz calls were scored. Immediately after tickling or handling, the animals were tested for their responses to a tone of intermediate frequency, and the pattern of their responses to this ambiguous cue was taken as an indicator of the animals' optimism. Our findings indicate that tickling induced positive emotions which are directly indexed in rats by laughter, can make animals more optimistic. We demonstrate for the first time a link between the directly measured positive affective state and decision making under uncertainty in an animal model. We also introduce innovative tandem-approach for studying emotional-cognitive interplay in animals, which may be of great value for understanding the emotional-cognitive changes associated with mood disorders.
Laughter is a pervasive part of our lives and important component of human nature, but contrary to popular opinion, laughter is not unique to humans [1]. From at least the time of Darwin [2], it has been known that chimpanzees and other great apes also perform a laugh-like vocalization. Recent research revealed that laughter may not even be a phenomenon limited to primates. Also in rats, the 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalisations (USVs) have been postulated to reflect a positive affective state akin to primitive human joy and laughter [3], [4]. Indeed, reports from the past decade have yielded enough experimental evidence about the similarities between rat 50 kHz USVs and human laughter, to realistically hypothesize that they are neurally and functionally homologous at behavioural and physiological levels. It has been shown for instance that the 50 kHz USVs in rats are uniquely elevated by hedonic stimuli [5]–[10] and suppressed by aversive stimuli [8], [11]. Rates of 50 kHz USVs were positively correlated to the rewarding value of eliciting stimulus [5] and playbacks of these vocalizations were rewarding. The neural and pharmacological substrates of 50 kHz USVs were also consistent with those of human positive affective states; μ-opiate and dopamine agonists, as well as electrical brain stimulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system, increased rates of 50 khz USVs in rats [6], [10]. The 50 kHz ultrasonic chirping was evident during the anticipatory phase of rat sexual behaviour [12] and anticipation of rewarding brain stimulation [6], during the positive social interchange of rough and thumble play [13] and during playful, experimenter administered manual somatosensory stimulation – tickling [3], [14]. Of all manipulations that elicit 50 kHz chirps in rats, tickling by human elicits the highest rate of these callings [14], providing therefore a tool for modelling and measuring positive affective states in experimental animals and for studying the laughter itself.
In humans cognitive processing can be biased by emotions. Specifically, negative affect is associated with increased expectation of punishment, greater attention to potential threats and a tendency for pessimistic judgement of ambiguous stimuli [15], [16]. Conversely, positive emotions are associated with greater optimism [17]. The same becomes evident for animals. Since publication of the seminal study by Harding et al. [18] showing existence of the stress induced judgement bias in rats, the affect contingent, cognitive biases have been described in a range of species, including rats [19], dogs [20] rhesus macaques [21], sheep [22], chicks [23], starlings [24] and honeybees [25]. However, there have been no studies, to date, in which the valence of animal emotions associated with such cognitive biases, would not only be assumed but objectively measured.
Here we present the results of an experiment where the affect-contingent judgement bias has been produced by objectively measured positive emotions. We trained rats in operant Skinner boxes to press one lever in response to one tone to receive a food reward and to press another lever in response to a different tone to avoid punishment by electric foot shock [19]. After attaining a stable level of discrimination performance, the animals were subjected to either handling or experimenter-administered tickling. This procedure has been confirmed to induce a positive affective state in rats, and the 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalisations (rat laughter) emitted by animals in response to tickling have been postulated to directly index positive emotions akin to human joy. During the tickling and handling sessions, the numbers of emitted high-frequency 50-kHz calls were scored. Immediately after tickling or handling, the animals were tested for their responses to a tone of intermediate frequency, and the pattern of their responses to this ambiguous cue was taken as an indicator of the animals' optimism.
To directly link affective state with cognitive bias, we combined two innovative but validated behavioural techniques for the induction, objective measurement and evaluation of cognitive outputs of emotions in animals. To induce positive emotions, the animals were subjected to playful, experimenter-administered, manual, somatosensory stimulation-tickling [28]. To directly index positive affect in rats, we have measured the tickling-induced 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalisation (rat laughter) that has been postulated to be a correlate of human joy [28]. For the evaluation of the affect-contingent cognitive bias, we have used the ambiguous-cue interpretation paradigm [19] where animals must decide about the valence of ambiguous stimuli. We report that directly measured positive emotions manifested by laughter can trigger optimistic judgement bias in rats.
Initial analysis revealed no significant differences in the responses to the ambiguous cue between the tickled and handled groups of animals (t(25)=-1.29, NS). However, when based on the number of emitted 50-kHz USVs (ranging from 0 to 134), the rats were divided into 2 sub-groups using a median split, 2-way repeated measures ANOVA performed on the optimism index data revealed a significant Group×Tickling interaction (F(1,24)=6.41, p=0.018). The animals that responded to tickling with a high (>21 per tickling session) number of 50-kHz USVs (the "Laughing when tickled" group) were more optimistic in the subsequent ambiguous-cue interpretation tests (Figure 1) than the animals that hardly vocalised or did not vocalise at all in response to tickling (the "Non-laughing when tickled" group) (p=0.019, Sidak test) and were more optimistic after tickling than after handling (p=0.010, Sidak test). The simple main effects of the Group (F(1,24)=1.05) and Tickling (F(1,24)=2.04) were not significant. The average number of 50-kHz USVs emitted during a 30-s tickling session by the "Laughing when tickled group" was 60±9, while the average for the "Non-laughing when tickled" group was 5±2. Control-handled animals did not emit any measurable calls.
Previous studies have demonstrated that the behavioural effects of tickling are strongly dependent on the number of emitted 50-kHz USVs. For instance, adolescent rats that emit abundant 50-kHz tickle-induced USVs exhibited more tickling-induced place preference compared to adults that responded much less to the tickling [5]. In a simple approach to the hand paradigm, the animals that chirped the most in response to tickling exhibited the fastest approach speeds and more readily approached a hand that had tickled them, yielding many 50-kHz USVs, than a hand that had only petted them, yielding no calls [5]. The rates of emitted 50-kHz USVs have also been positively correlated with the reward values of the eliciting stimuli [8], [10].
It has been postulated that the differences in the responses to tickling, with high or low numbers of 50-kHz USVs, relate to the animal's emotional reactivity, with the rats that vocalise being a more sensitive subgroup [29]. Notably, in the study by Mallo et al. [29], the number of tickling-induced 50-kHz USVs was established over 2 consecutive weeks of tickling and only then correlated with subsequent behaviour. In the present study, we measured tickling-induced laughter not as a stable behavioural trait established over several weeks but as a direct indicator of the animals' positive affective state [30].
As shown on Figures 2A–C, the tickling-induced, positive/optimistic response bias in the "Laughing when tickled" group of rats was specific to the ambiguous, intermediate tone, with no effects of tickling observed in the responses to the unambiguous positive and negative tones (significant Lever×Tickling×Tone×Group interaction (F(2,48)=3.49, p=0.038)). This optimistic bias resulted from increased positive (p=0.041, Sidak test) and decreased negative (p=0.019, Sidak test) responses. Four-way repeated measures ANOVA also revealed significant effects of Tone (F(2,4)=7.0, p=0.002), significant Lever×Tone interaction (F(2,48)=231.3, p=0.0001), and significant Lever×Tickling×Group interaction (F(1,24)=6.9, p=0.015). All other effects and interactions were not significant (largest F(1,24)=4.64). There were no between-group differences in the proportion of the trials in which the animals did not respond (response omissions) to the ambiguous and unambiguous tones after either handling or tickling. However, all animals demonstrated more omissions in response to the ambiguous tone compared to the trained tones (significant main effect of Tone (F(2,48)=10.5, p=0.001)). All other effects and interactions were not significant (largest F(2,48)=2.23).
Although further studies should directly pinpoint the neural correlates of the observed optimistic bias, tickling-induced positive emotions only biased the responses to the ambiguous tone, with unaltered processing of the tones predicting reward and punishment, which suggests the involvement of the neural circuits related to decision making under circumstances of ambiguity, uncertainty, and risk. Those neuroanatomical substrates likely include the anterior cingulate, the parietal and prefrontal cortices [31]–[34] and the amygdala, which has been suggested to play a role in valence representations [35] and in the processing of ambiguity [36]. The optimistic bias that we observed indicates that, after laughing, the rats may have an increased expectation of reward (increased response to the positive lever) and a decreased expectation of punishment (decreased response to the negative lever). These expectations could reflect a change either in their perception of the probability of receiving the reward and punishment or in the impact/value of the reinforcement. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that an altered sensitivity to reward and/or punishment influenced reaction of animals only to the new tone (ambiguous cue), the unaltered responses to the trained tones, together with the unchanged patterns of omission, suggests that the absolute values of reward and punishment remained unaffected by positive emotions. Notably, contrary to previous studies, we did not investigate different degrees of ambiguity [18], [19]. The experimental design with only one ambiguous tone allowed us to apply a reasonably high (10) number of these stimuli in only one testing session, and the 50 discriminations per session provided a broad and precise scale for the valence of responding.
This study is the first to demonstrate an affect-contingent cognitive bias, in which the valence of animal emotion was not assumed but directly evaluated using independent measure. Our findings provide evidence and validate the hypothesis that the assessment of cognitive biases can be used for the measurement of animal emotions. These results also provide an alternative approach for studying emotional-cognitive interplay in an animal model where both components can be independently measured. It is possible that this tandem technique could be adapted for studying the affective changes associated with anxiety or depression. An animal model that provides a measurable positive affect that results in an optimistic bias may be of great value for understanding the emotional-cognitive changes associated with mood disorders.
The experiments were conducted in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments at the Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.
Twenty-six male Sprague–Dawley rats (Charles River, Germany) weighing 175–200 g upon arrival were used in this study. The rats were group-housed (4 rats/cage) in a temperature (21±1°C) and humidity (40–50%) A/C-controlled colony room under a 12/12-h light/dark cycle (lights on at 06:00 h). In all experiments, the rats were mildly food restricted to approximately 85% of their free feeding weights. This was achieved by providing 15–20 g of food per rat per day (standard laboratory chow). Food restriction started 1 week before the beginning of training. Water was freely available, except during test sessions. Behavioural procedures and testing were carried out during the light phase of the light/dark cycle.
The behavioural tasks were carried out in 8 computer-controlled Skinner boxes (MedAssociates, St Albans, Vermont, USA), each equipped with light, a speaker, a liquid dispenser (set to deliver 0.1 ml of 20% sucrose solution), a grid floor through which scrambled electric shocks (0.5 mA) could be delivered, and 2 retractable levers. The levers were located at 2 opposite sides of the feeder. All behavioural protocols, including data acquisition and recording, were programmed in MedState notation code (Med Associates) by the authors. The experimental procedures for the ambiguous-cue interpretation test used here were modified versions of the procedures described by Enkel and colleagues [19].
During this phase, the rats were trained to press the lever located on the left side of the feeder to receive the sucrose solution when a tone (50 s, 2000-Hz at 75 dB sound pressure level (SPL) or 9000-Hz at 75 dB SPL (counterbalanced)) signalled reward availability. Due to its association with a palatable reward, this tone acquired positive valence and is referred to as the 'positive tone', and the associated lever is referred to as the 'positive lever'. Reliable active lever pressing for the reward was achieved in 3 training steps: a.) Presentation of the positive tone (lasting 50 s) co-occurred with constant delivery of the sucrose solution and was followed by a 10 s intertrial interval (ITI); b.) Presentation of the positive tone co-occurred with left lever extension and was followed by a 10 s ITI. Each lever press during the tone was continuously rewarded by sucrose solution delivery and c.) was similar to (b); however, after the first lever press and reward delivery, the tone was terminated and followed by a 10 s ITI. Each training session lasted 30 minutes, and the trainings were continued until the animals attained a stable performance on each of the training steps. Positive tone training was followed by negative tone training.
During this stage, the rats were trained to press the lever located on the right side of the feeder to avoid electric shock when another tone (9000-Hz at 75 dB SPL or 2000-Hz at 75 dB SPL (counterbalanced)) signalled forthcoming punishment. Due to its association with concomitant punishment, this tone acquired negative valence and is referred to as the 'negative tone', and the associated lever is referred to as the 'negative lever'. A reliable active lever press avoidance reaction was achieved in 2 training steps: a.) The presentation of the negative tone was paralleled by the occurrence of electric shocks unless the rat pressed the right (negative) lever, terminating the shock and tone presentation, and b.) the presentation of the negative tone preceded the occurrence of electric shocks. The delay from the tone onset to electric shock occurrence was progressively increased from 1 s to 40 s. Pressing the negative lever before shock onset terminated the tone and began a 10 s ITI (prevention response). Pressing the negative lever after the shock onset terminated the tone and shock and is referred to as the "escape response." The maximum duration of the tone/shock-application was 50 s (i.e., 40 s of tone presentation followed by 10 s of tone/shock co-occurrence) and tone presentations were separated by 10 s ITIs. Daily training sessions consisted of 40 tone presentations. The animals had to accomplish at least 60% correct prevention responses before proceeding to discrimination training.
During this phase, the rats were trained to discriminate between positive and negative tones by responding to the appropriate levers (as learned in previous stages of the training) to maximise reward and minimise punishment delivery. The tones, 20 positive and 20 negative, were presented pseudo-randomly and separated by 10 s ITIs. Pressing the positive lever during positive tone presentation resulted in instant reward delivery and initiated the ITI. Pressing the negative lever during negative tone presentation resulted in negative tone termination and initiated the ITI. Pressing the wrong lever (e.g., pressing the left instead of the right lever in response to negative tone presentation) as well as escape responses or response omissions were considered failure trials. Animals had to minimally achieve 70% correct responses at each lever to proceed to the ambiguous cue test.
The ambiguous cue testing session consisted of 20 positive, 20 negative, and 10 intermediate (ambiguous) tone presentations. The frequency of the intermediate tones was set to 5000-Hz at 75 dB. This frequency was chosen based upon the protocol described by [19] and confirmed to be intermediate in terms of the response pattern in a pilot experiment (data not shown). The tones were presented in a pseudorandomised order and separated by 10 s ITIs. Any lever press during ambiguous tone presentation terminated the tone but had no consequences. If a rat did not respond during the 50 s of ambiguous tone presentation, the tone was terminated and a response omission was scored.
The animals were investigated for the propensity to produce high-frequency calls in response to playful, experimenter-administered manual somatosensory stimulation – tickling in a room adjacent to the operant conditioning room. Tickling was performed using modification of the method described by Panksepp and Burgdorf [14], consisting of gently holding the rat on its back in the investigator's left hand and rapid right-hand finger movements across the ventral body surface of the animal, followed by its release after 30 s of stimulation. Control animals were held for 30 s in the same way but were not tickled. Ultrasonic vocalisations were audible in headphones using an ultrasound heterodyne bat detector microphone (Ultrasound Advice, UK) that was set to reflect the high-frequency 50-kHz "laughter" calls. The same vocalisations were visualised on-line by a PC computer running Raven Pro 1.4 interactive sound analysis software (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Bioacoustics Research Program, USA) connected via the A/D converter DAQ device (USB-6251 1.25 MS/s M Series) to another ultrasound microphone (Avisoft, Germany). Thus, the calls were recorded by investigators who simultaneously listened to and scored the vocalisations on the computer screen [26].
The experimental design is schematically presented on the figure 3. After attaining a stable discrimination performance (more than 70% correct responses to each tone over 3 consecutive days), each rat was either handled (Sham procedure) or tickled for 30 s in a cross-over design over 2 consecutive days. In this way, each animal served as its own control. After tickling or handling, the animals were immediately subjected to ambiguous-cue testing. During tickling, the number of high-frequency 50-kHz calls was recorded, and the calls were scored. Based on the number of emitted 50-kHz USVs, the tickled rats were divided into 2 sub-groups of "Laughing when tickled" and "Non-laughing when tickled" animals using a median split. These 2 groups were analysed separately. During ambiguous cue testing, the responses to each tone (positive, ambiguous and negative) were scored and analysed as the proportion of the overall number of responses to a given tone. The proportion of omissions was analysed separately. To calculate the optimism index, the negative responses to the ambiguous cues were subtracted from the positive responses, resulting in values between −1 and 1, with values above 0 indicating an overall positive judgement and optimistic interpretation of the ambiguous cue.
The data were analysed using SPSS (version 20.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). Initial analysis of the effects of tickling on ambiguous tone interpretation was performed using a paired t-test. The optimism index data were subjected to 2-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the between-subjects factor of Group (2 levels: "Laughing when tickled" and "Non-laughing when tickled") and the within-subjects factor of Tickling (2 levels: Handled and Tickled). The effects of tickling on tone interpretation were analysed using 4-way repeated measures ANOVA with the between-subjects factor of Group (2 levels: Non-laughing when tickled and Laughing when tickled) and the within-subjects factors of Lever (2 levels: Positive and Negative), Tickling (2 levels: Handled and Tickled) and Tone (3 levels: Positive, Ambiguous and Negative). Response omissions were analysed separately using 3-way repeated measures ANOVA with the between-subjects factor of Group (2 levels: "Non-laughing when tickled" and "Laughing when tickled") and the within-subjects factors of Tickling (2 levels: Handled and Tickled) and "Tone" (three levels: Positive, Ambiguous and Negative). For pair-wise comparisons, the values were adjusted using Sidak's correction factor for multiple comparisons [27]. All tests of significance were performed at α=0.05. Homogeneity of variance was verified using Levene's test. For repeated-measures analyses, the sphericity was also verified using Mauchly's test. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM.
We thank A. Leszczynska for the graphical support.
This work was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science "Homing Plus" Programme co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (Innovative Economy Operational Programme 2007–2013), by the Iuventus Plus Programme of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant IP2011047271 to RR) and the statutory funds of the Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Superfund Program:
Current Status and Future Fiscal Challenges
GAO-03-850: Published: Jul 31, 2003. Publicly Released: Sep 2, 2003.
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Congress established the Superfund program in 1980 to clean up highly contaminated hazardous waste sites. Among other things, the law established a trust fund to help the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pay for cleanups and related program activities. The trust fund was financed primarily by three dedicated taxes until 1995, when the taxing authority expired. EPA continues to discover sites eligible for cleanup under the Superfund program. GAO was asked to examine the current status of the Superfund program, the factors guiding EPA's selection of sites to be placed on its National Priorities List, and the program's future outlook.
The balance of the Superfund trust fund available for future appropriations has decreased significantly since 1996, while highly contaminated hazardous waste sites continue to be added to the National Priorities List (NPL), EPA's list of the nation's most contaminated sites. A decline in revenues to the trust fund has led the Superfund program to rely increasingly on appropriations from the general fund. In EPA's fiscal year 2004 budget request for the Superfund program, the general fund appropriation would make up about 80 percent of the program's total appropriation. At the end of fiscal year 2002, the NPL had 1,233 sites in various stages of cleanup. EPA considers many factors in selecting from the sites that are eligible to be listed, the most prominent of which are the availability of alternative federal or state programs that could be used to clean up the site, the status of responsible parties associated with the sites, and the cost and complexity of the cleanup required. As the Superfund program continues to add sites to the NPL and funding sources shift toward general fund appropriations, the effect of EPA's actions to address future program challenges remains uncertain. Because Superfund lacks indicators to fully measure the outcomes of the program's cleanup efforts, EPA has asked an advisory council to develop criteria by which to measure the program's progress. However, it is unclear whether the advisory council will reach consensus on its recommendations, and its findings are not expected until December 2003, at the earliest. Performance indicators could help EPA and the Congress make the difficult funding, policy, and program decisions that the current budget environment demands.
Recommendation for Executive Action
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: EPA has established three indicators to measure Superfund program performance by fiscal year 2008: (1) control all identified unacceptable human exposures from site contamination at or below health-based levels for current land and/or ground water use conditions at 84% of Superfund human exposure sites; (2) control the migration of contaminated ground water through engineered remedies or natural process at 65% of Superfund ground water exposure sites; and (3) select final remedies (cleanup targets) at 82% of Superfund sites.
Recommendation: In considering changes to the program to addres future challenges associated with the Superfund program's fiscal uncertainy, the Administrator, EPA, should develop indicators that can be used to measure program performance.
Agency Affected: Environmental Protection Agency
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Aug 15, 2016
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May 27, 2004
EPSTEIN, BECKER, AND GREEN, ET AL., PETITIONERS,v.DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, RESPONDENT. ETHEL JOHNSON, INTERVENOR.
Petition for Review of a Decision of the District of Columbia Department of Employment Services
Before Schwelb, Farrell, and Ruiz, Associate Judges.
Argued April 28, 2004
For the second time in this case, we are obliged to reverse a decision of the Director of the District of Columbia Department of Employment Services (DOES) and remand for further proceedings. The issue before the agency and this court throughout has been whether intervenor, Ethel Johnson, a recipient of workers' compensation benefits, unreasonably failed to cooperate with vocational rehabilitation services offered by her employer (hereafter Epstein). See D.C. Code § 32-1507 (d) (2001). In the latest decision on remand, the Director adopted and applied a requirement of notice and opportunity to cure not expressed in any statute or existing regulation, or foreshadowed in any prior decision of the Director (at least none cited to us in this case). We hold that application of this requirement to Epstein denied it basic procedural fairness. We remand for determination of the remaining -- and dispositive -- issue of whether Johnson unreasonably refused to accept vocational rehabilitation within the meaning of § 32-1507 (d).
The facts related to Johnson's award of compensation are summarized in Epstein, Becker & Green v. District of Columbia Dep't of Employment Servs., 812 A.2d 901, 902 (D.C. 2002) (Epstein I). Epstein originally moved to suspend Johnson's receipt of benefits on the ground primarily that she had failed to cooperate in the process of securing suitable alternative employment. A DOES hearing examiner agreed with Epstein.*fn1 The Director reversed that decision, concluding that Johnson had not failed to cooperate because the vocational rehabilitation counselor had discontinued working on her case and instead closed the file, thereby precluding her cooperation. Id. This court in turn reversed, holding that "there [was] not substantial evidence in the record . . . that the file was closed in the present case, in the sense that the claimant was left without access to vocational rehabilitation services," id. at 904; rather, evidence showed that the counselor had "closed the file merely until Johnson cooperated with vocational rehabilitation efforts." Id. at 903. We remanded the case for consideration by the Director of the other arguments made by Johnson, including:
(1) that she did not unreasonabl[y] fail to cooperate with the employer's offered vocational rehabilitation services and (2) [that] because she was not given notice that her actions constituted a failure to cooperate, she was improperly denied an opportunity to cure, contrary to the rehabilitative intent of
D.C. Code § 32-1507 (d).
Id. at 904.
On remand, the Director agreed with Johnson on the second issue. He found "no evidence" that "either before or after [vocational rehabilitation] services were terminated by [the e]mployer, . . . she was notified [of the employer's opinion that she was failing to cooperate with rehabilitation] and given the opportunity to cure the alleged failure"; and he determined that without that opportunity she was denied the means "to satisfy her obligations under the Act to cooperate with vocational rehabilitation." Without "notice and the opportunity to cure any alleged deficiency," the Director reasoned,
[c]laimant was punished without being informed, in any manner, that she was perceived to be defiant. The Director does not believe that such an approach satisfies the spirit and strong humanitarian purpose of the Act. See Hensley v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, [210 U.S. App. D.C. 151, 154-55,] 655 F.2d 264, 267-68 (1981). Moreover, suspending benefits without notice would seem to be contrary to the rehabilitative intent of the vocational rehabilitation provisions of the Act.
Epstein filed this petition for review, arguing that the Director's retroactive application to this case of a novel "notice and opportunity to cure" requirement denied it basic procedural fairness.
D.C. Code § 32-1507 imposes reciprocal obligations on an employer and an employee in respect to vocational rehabilitation. Sections 32-1507 (a) & (c) require the employer to furnish vocational rehabilitation services "designed, within reason, to return the employee to employment at a wage as close as possible to the wage that the employee earned at the time of injury." Conversely, § 32-1507 (d) provides that "[i]f at any time [while receiving worker's compensation] the employee unreasonably refuses to . . . accept vocational rehabilitation[,] the Mayor shall . . . suspend the payment of further compensation . . . during such period, unless the circumstances justified the refusal." An employer requesting suspension of payment on this ground does so by filing a motion under D.C. Code § 32-1524 to modify the compensation award based on "a change of conditions," which, in this case, would be the failure to cooperate. Any such motion, of course, must be accompanied by notice to the employee. See generally 7 DCMR § 210.2 et seq. (1986) ("Notice of Controversion").
Epstein contends that it followed these procedures in disputing Johnson's cooperation with vocational rehabilitation, and that this provided Johnson all the notice and opportunity to contest the suspension of benefits that the law at the time required. Nevertheless, Epstein asserts, the Director has chosen this case to adopt and apply a rule not reflected or anticipated in any of his prior decisions requiring employers to give prior notice and an opportunity to cure before they may request suspension of benefits based on failure to cooperate with vocational rehabilitation. Epstein contends that, by applying that rule to this case, the Director substituted a requirement of which Epstein had no knowledge for the statutory inquiry -- which the Director avoided -- into whether Johnson had unreasonably failed to accept vocational rehabilitation. We find merit in this argument. *fn2
Counsel for DOES reasons, to the contrary, that the Director did not adopt a broad requirement of notice and opportunity to cure; instead (says counsel) he determined on the facts of this case -- including Epstein's failure to inform Johnson of its dissatisfaction with her cooperation -- that substantial evidence did not support a finding of Johnson's refusal to accept vocational rehabilitation. This is not a faithful reading of the Director's decision. Although the Director acknowledged that findings by a hearing examiner must be affirmed if "supported by substantial evidence in the record[] considered as a whole," D.C. Code § 32-1522 (b)(2), he did not discuss the evidence relied on by the examiner or furnished by the record in its entirety. Instead, he defined the issue on appeal strictly as whether Johnson's benefits could be retroactively suspended "without [Epstein] having first notified [Johnson] of her failure to cooperate . . . and giving her the opportunity to cure the failure to cooperate." And his answer was to conclude that "there is no evidence . . . that [Johnson] was notified [of her perceived failure to cooperate] and given the opportunity to cure [it]." What thus emerges from this ruling is a duty of employers in general to give notice and an opportunity to cure before they may apply for suspension of benefits based on failure to accept vocational rehabilitation. *fn3
In adopting what amounts to a condition precedent to filing a motion to suspend benefits, the Director did not point to any provision of the Workers' Compensation Act or regulation as justifying the rule. Rather he viewed the condition as necessary to satisfy "the spirit and strong humanitarian purpose of the Act" and to further the statutory "intent to motivate cooperation by an alleged non-cooperating employee." Epstein does not ask us to decide whether that requirement comports with the Act or its underlying policy -- we may assume that it does. The question before us is whether it could fairly be applied to govern Epstein's conduct in this case.
"It is well settled that an agency may establish rules of general application in either a statutory rule-making procedure or an individual adjudication." Washington Hosp. Ctr. v. District of Columbia Dep't of Employment Servs., 743 A.2d 1208, 1211 (D.C. 1999).*fn4 A necessary corollary, however, is that "when a new rule is established through individual adjudication, due process requires that the agency 'provide notice which is reasonably calculated to inform all those whose legally protected interests may be affected by the new principle.'" Id. at 1212 (citation omitted); see also 1 KENNETH CULP DAVIS & RICHARD J. PIERCE, JR., ADMINISTRATIVE LAW TREATISE § 6.8, at 277 (3d ed. 1994) ("[D]ue process requires fair adjudication, and . . . fair adjudication requires decisionmaking with reference to ascertainable standards of which the parties have adequate notice."). In this case, Epstein could not reasonably -- one is tempted to say not possibly -- have been aware that a condition of its filing for suspension of compensation benefits was notice to Johnson and an opportunity for her to cure the perceived non-cooperation. As Epstein points out, the requirement was not foreshadowed by any decision of the Director. Moreover, to anticipate it Epstein would have had to foresee the contours of a rule that even now -- in the decision under review -- the Director has not defined. For instance, what form must the notice take? Is informal notice sufficient or must it be in writing? Must the notice specify the consequences of failure to cure? And how long must the cure period last? These and similar ambiguities -- whatever they say about the wisdom of the Director's rule --demonstrate the unfairness of holding Epstein to a requirement it could not reasonably have foreseen and thereby denying it the statutory determination of whether Johnson cooperated with vocational rehabilitation.
The Director, accordingly, must make that determination rather than the abbreviated one he made. In assessing Johnson's cooperation, of course, the Director may consider whether Epstein's own actions (or inaction) may have led her to believe that her cooperation was not in question. *fn5 But what he may not do is short-circuit the inquiry solely by reference to a newly-fashioned requirement of notice and opportunity to cure.
The decision of the Director is vacated and the case is remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
So ordered.
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Alastin Skincare Financing
Alastin Skincare, Inc., Corporation just had published form D announcing $10.50 million equity financing. The date of first sale was 2015-07-30. Alastin Skincare was able to fundraise $9.64 million. That is 91.82% of the offering. The total fundraising amount was $10.50 million. This form was filed on 2016-10-14. The reason for the financing was: unspecified. The fundraising still has about $859,026 more and is not closed yet. We have to wait more to see if the offering will be fully taken.
Alastin Skincare is based in California. The firm's business is Biotechnology. The SEC form was filed by Diane Goostree President and Chief Executive Officer. The company was incorporated in 2015. The filler's address is: 3129 Tiger Run Ct., Ste. 109, Carlsbad, Ca, California, 92010. Scott L. Glenn is the related person in the form and it has address: C/O Alastin Skincare, Inc., 3129 Tiger Run Ct., Ste. 109, Carlsbad, Ca, California, 92010. Link to Alastin Skincare Filing: 000114036116082973.
Analysis of Alastin Skincare Offering
On average, startups in the Biotechnology sector, sell 73.77% of the total offering amount. Alastin Skincare sold 91.82% of the offering. The financing is still open. Could this mean that the trust in Alastin Skincare is high? The average fundraising amount for companies in the Biotechnology industry is $3.08 million. The total amount raised is 213.02% bigger than the average for companies in the Biotechnology sector. The minimum investment for this financing was set at $0. If you know more about the reasons for the fundraising, please comment below.
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|Half Baths
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 nights
When you book through the HomeAway checkout, your booking is backed by our Book with Confidence Guarantee™ offering comprehensive payment protection.Learn more
This two bedroom, one and a half bath chalet is perched atop Ledford Branch Falls, offering amazing waterfall views from its extensive network of decking. Nestled in a cove of rustic mountain cabins, the Waterfall Chalet is one of the most unique vacation getaways in the North Carolina Mountains! Relax on the decks and enjoy the sound of rushing water cascading over the rocks, or for a true sense of refreshment, dip your toes in the cool, pure mountain water at the base of the falls! The fresh air from the rushing falls and the pure ice cold spring water is rejuvenating! The waterfall is illuminated with landscape lighting to provide dramatic night-time views as well.
This two bedroom mountain retreat is fully equipped with every amenity to ensure your visit is comfortable and carefree. Amenities include an open concept floor plan with very cozy stone fireplace with gas logs, rustic and relaxed furnishings, hardwood floors downstairs, large dining room table and ample seating for our guests. The living room has a large flat screen with Direct Satellite TV, telephone, and Wi-Fi. A loft style, open concept master suite upstairs features a king size bed and its own half bath. The guest bedroom on the 1st floor has a queen size bed and also has its own TV with Direct TV. The full bath is quite functional with a tub/shower combo and a unique and artistic double vanity with stone vessel sinks. The fully equipped kitchen has been recently renovated and features granite countertops, new stainless steel appliances and stylish lighting. The kitchen is outfitted with all pots, pans, coffee maker, tea kettle, blender and more. The cabin is fully stocked with linens, bedding, towels, etc. Outdoor areas are special too, featuring a nice patio set and gas grill for outdoor dining on the deck overlooking the waterfall. The property also has a full size laundry room and some covered parking.
Located in the heart of the Nantahala National Forest, midway between Highlands, Franklin, and Lake Glenville, this cabin offers the ideal mountain getaway. The fantastic location, with easy paved access directly off Walnut Creek Road makes this mountain cabin easily accessible for our visitors in all seasons! This cabin is the perfect home base for the outdoor enthusiast. World class hiking, camping and fishing are all within 30 minutes drive from the property. Lake Glenville, with its newly re-designed lake front beach area, is 5 miles from the cabin and so fun to swim in. If you are joining us in the winter, we are an easy 30 minute trip to Sky Valley for skiing too! Small walking trails wind through our five acre property, perfect for a quick stroll with your pooch - and guests can try their hand trout fishing in the creek above and below the falls.
A rustic bunk house on the property is also available for rent to accommodate a larger group. The 2 bdrm/1.5bth bunk house sleeps 6 people in bunk beds and a king size bed. The property has a living room/dining room combination with small equipped kitchen. The bunk house is clean and very simply furnished. It does not have TV or Wi-Fi. The bunk house is only for rent in conjunction with the Waterfall Cabin and is not leased to separate parties. Please inquire for rates and additional photos.
Pets are welcome upon approval with an additional fee at the Waterfall Cabin, but due to the steep decking, lots of stairs and the very large waterfall on the property, young children are usually discouraged.
Keywords: Mountain Cabin, Waterfall, Nantahala, Mountains of North Carolina, Franklin, Smoky Mountains, Highlands, Glenville, Macon County
I bought this cabin in 2003 with my family for our perfect mountain retreat from the long, hot Savannah GA summers! My wife and I often bring our two dogs, Ginger the bassett and Rodeo the lab, with us to the cabin and they love running and playing at the base of the waterfall. This picture is of us on the deck. We think this is one of the most relaxing places in the world -- to leave the doors and windows open at night and hear the rush of the waterfall is one of my greatest joys! We love to go hiking on one of the many world class trails in the area, and come home in the evening to grill out on the deck and relax. We are thrilled to be able to share our special place with family, friends and guests and hope you love the waterfall cabin as much as we do!
Joa Kelly and Nancy Poser purchased this chalet in 2003
We have never seen another property that has its own waterfall. It is a magical place.
We love listen to the rushing waterfall, read and relax on the decks!
My fiancé, my dogs and I had such a great time. From the waterfall, the house itself, to the beautiful huge property, I've never stayed anywhere like it. We will definitely be back!
The gentle wind whispers through the mighty hemlocks...the cheerful birds flit amongst the ivy vines...the crystal water makes its lovely music as it twists and falls across the sturdy mountain rocks...it is truly a beautiful day on Walnut Creek Road...!
We loved every minute that we spent at this well-appointed, clean cabin nestled beside a breath-taking waterfall. The trail to the top of the falls is easy and enjoyable due to the wide, deck steps. It is a perfect place to relax and appreciate the beauty of the mountains.
I wanted to give me kids something special for Christmas so I rented this chalet for Christmas week. We has a great time even the the weather was less than desired. The scenery was inspiring. My kids found the waterfall and surrounding trails, in their words, "awesome". The warmth of the interior furnishings could not be beat. Its a Christmas they will remember for a long time.
The area and waterfall were simply breath-taking!
The home has all that one needs and is very comfortable.
I would HIGHLY recommend staying here.
We really enjoyed our stay at the cabin. I would definitely like to return soon. The waterfall was wonderful to watch and listen to. We tried hiking but there were a few fallen trees in the way. And we had one of the neighbors dogs after us one day when we were walking the trails. It was rainy several days so we just stayed in and relaxed, so we didn't get to enjoy the fire pit. Not a lot to do in the winter time, but we went horseback riding and went to several of the area waterfalls. Dry Falls was spectacular. We attended the first annual New Years Eve Ruby drop in Franklin, and it was a lot of fun. We really wanted to stay another week. Thanks for everything! The Shelby Family.
This rental house is very well appointed and perfectly stocked. Although it seemed that the trails on the property had been blocked off by fallen trees, there were plenty of other trails in the area to enjoy (the Rufus Morgan trail and the Park Creek trail were both excellent). The waterfall beside the house is gorgeous and it was lovely listening to it in the evenings. However, like the last reviewer stated, there are very close neighbors. When standing at the pool of the waterfall, you are about 8 feet from the neighbor's backyard and you can see into their house from the deck at the rental house. If you don't mind the close proximity, I would definitely recommend the house. But if you are looking for seclusion and privacy, this may not be the place for you.
Hiking, Gem Mining, The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Nantahala Outdoor Center Whitewater Rafting, Harrahs Cherokee Casino, Numerous Gem Mines, Upscale Highlands Restaurants, Saturday Night Performances at Picking on the Square in Downtown Franklin, Freshwater Trout and Small Bass Fishing, Cherokee Reservation, Antiquing, Relaxing!
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
|Cleaning Fee
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|Tax Rate
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.


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Nurse Practitioner
University of Missouri-Columbia Center for Rheumatic Diseases
Nurse Practitioner
Missouri Arthritis Rehabilitation Research and Training Center
www.marrtc.org [cached]
Missouri Arthritis Rehabilitation Research and Training Center
www.marrtc.org [cached]
Studies show that people who understand and accept their disease fare much better than those who don't, Davenport explains.
Read books, check out reliable websites and seek out support groups to learn more about fibromyalgia, as well as how others are coping with it.
Pay attention to how you feel.
If you are in the middle of a flare, tone down your activities and give yourself some time to rest and recover, Davenport suggests.
Stress reduction is crucial because stress can trigger a flare-up and make symptoms worse.Accepting the disease is very important.
"People with fibro are never pain free," Davenport says.
"It is up to them to learn how to manage with this pain, to make lifestyle changes to accommodate the fact that there will be times when they can't do everything they did before."
Pain Medication Will Only Do So Much
"Medical management of pain in fibromyalgia has limited value," Davenport says.
Missouri Arthritis Rehabilitation Research and Training Center
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Faculty Profiles
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WestRock Company
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Weichert Workforce Mobility Inc


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No one cares about Bonnie/Frank. I mean, where the hell did that even come from? No one cares about Laurel/Frank. No one cares about Laurel/Wes which...ewwww and also, huh???? When did they supposedly fall so hard for each other that Wes felt compelled to dump a perfectly good sista? I mean, this was a blemish-free sista - why is this a favorite trope on television and why the hell is it happening in Shondaland?
And now we're supposed to believe that Wes and Laurel supposedly can't keep their hands off each other? Yeah, I get that they bonded a while back and had a few investigative adventures of their own, but the writers missed their moment back in Season 2, so now they fit better as friends. Their "passionate" sex scenes are a snorefest. There's no sizzle. What momentum they built up before has since fizzled out.
And why is Laurel always attached to some man? When Frank disappeared and Wes was preoccupied with his girlfriend, Laurel had room to grow as a single woman and gain some new dimensions. Instead, the writers turned right around and not only stitched her to another man but also made her pregnant?