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Compare free quotes from Lawn Specialists now
Lawn Specialists in Much Wenlock
Find Lawn Specialists in Much Wenlock, Shropshire and get free Grass Cutting and Lawncare quotes fast. Whatever your requirement Bark will find and contact the best local professionals for you. Chose Bark: Fast. Easy. Free.
Lawn Specialists in Much Wenlock ready to help
Austin LewisCertificate of Excellence 2015
Law Lawns Garden Maintenance
Here at Law Lawns Garden Maintenance I specialise in just that, garden maintenance. So that would include maintenance of Lawns: cutting, edging, fertilising, scarifying and de-thatching Borders: weeding, planting, pruning and mulching Hedges: trimming and cutting All my prices include removal of waste in a safe and professional manner. We are fully insured
Cheap Gardening ServicesCertificate of Excellence 2015
All gardening service, maintenance, as lawn mowing, grass cutting, edging, tree and bushes bumbles weeds harsh, shrubs cut back and pruning on permanently bases, once or twice in a Month or whenever it should be needed, according to customer requirements, wishing and satisfaction. We charge £30 an hour and we do not book any job less than two hours or we charge one off go, which depend job to job. Over pride are customer satisfactions. We use own power tools to complete our task quickly as it would be. Note: If customer is residing in the central London congestion-charging zone then these charges will be charge as well. We also, renovate old and new houses as well including landscapes and designing garden. Note: We request and aspect from over valuable customers to provide us realistic, factual, and clear information about required job. We do not come and give an estimate because it takes times and waste fuel, if someone is not sure about their requirements then we book them for two hours job initially, then we work for two hours and then we negotiate (please confirm first) we always try to help and reach on reasonable deal with the customer. Note: If someone has any type of disability then please feel free to ask us for special help to explain and clear the procedure about theirs required job. Note: If customer agreed to pay one off go and then after job done not pay or make any arguments then this would be not acceptable for us because we always shows customer again and again work that we done while we are working on theirs site, so it makes clear according to customer wish (if customer is not happy or want to change job) then let us know on the spot because after job done we are not liable to do same job again and again because it cast fuel and time as well. We try to understand well before start work that had explained by the customer in best of our professional ability. We do help customer to remove un-wanted house hold goods to dump it with one-off go quote, please call us soon as you can to get earlier available appointment. Note: We can safely dispose-off all gardening and house hold rubbish. Please book earlier or discuss over member of team for further details.
Wingfield landscapesCertificate of Excellence 2015
MJ's Garden Services
Cheshire Garden Maintenance
Dph garden services
Nick's Garden Service
Basic gardening services
Roy's Garden Services
We are a local, friendly gardening services based in Dudley in the West Midlands with over 20 years experience in the trade. Over that time we have gained a wealth of expertise and knowledge to help us provide the best possible service to you.
Hortica Garden Services
A full range of gardening and landscaping services, including: General Gardening Grass Cutting and Lawn Care including application of Lawn Treatments Application of Lawn Chemicals Tree and Shrub Supply and Planting Laying Patios / Slabbing Decking
Green Tree Care Ltd
DPH Garden Services
jimmys tree surgery
We specialise in tree surgery, Hedge maintenance Stump grinding. We also have a fencing and landscaping team.
Stoke GardensCertificate of Excellence 2015
Lawnmate Garden and Handyman Services
Welcome to LAWNMATE garden maintenance and Handyman services. Here at Lawnmate Garden and Handyman services we offer a high quality garden service and provide for all your home DIY needs, We are a small friendly, reliable firm, who offer gardening maintenance and Handyman DIY services. We work with primarily residential customers in and around Stoke on trent and Newcastle under Lyme. areas. We are happy to provide a quote for lawn mowing or any of our garden maintenance services which includes weeding, small tree felling, hedge trimming, pruning, etc etc without obligation. We are available all 4 seasons bar adverse weather conditions. I'm a registered member of The Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Trader register.. https://www.traderregister.org.uk/staffordshire/3691948/lawnmate-garden-services? I hold excellent public liability insurance and the convenience of accepting all major credit/debit cards, though I do have to incorporate a surcharge fee of 2.5% on all card payments. If you would like any more information please don't hesitate to contact us.
picturesque landscapingCertificate of Excellence 2015
Majestic Lawns and Hedges
We are a small family business , we carry out Grounds Maintenance work , Grass cutting and Hedge Trimming.
Herbert's Garden Solutions.
Herbert's Garden Solutions are a growing company backed with 10 years experience of all aspects of tree and garden maintenance . Our aim is to provide clients with professional and cost-effective services, based on clear communication, working to agreed timelines and budgets. We pride ourselves in administrating a continuous first class service from the initial stages of providing a Free, No Obligation Quote through to carrying out the required service . We can provide the full range of maintenance services. With our proven track record of success we take every care to ensure that the job gets done to the highest standard of workmanship without compromise on safety. We value our clients and will work with you through each phase of the job, big or small.
Martin Allerton GARDENING SERVICES
I offer a Gardening Service to Domestic and Commercial clients. The work I undertake includes, Tree Maintenance and Removal, Hedge Cutting, Lawn Cutting and Scarifying, Garden Clearance, Garden Maintenance. No job too large.
Serenity Tree Care
Serenity Tree Care offers a tailor made tree surgeon service by RHS qualified staff. Serenity offers all forms of tree surgery and a grounds maintenance service with no job being too big or small. Areas covered in Birmingham and Worcestershire include Alvechurch, Barnt Green, Blackwell, Bromsgrove, Bourneville, Cofton Hackett, Harbourne, Hagley, Rubery and more.
JS Tree & Garden Services
We offer a range of services including tree felling, hedge trimming & reducing. We undertake all garden work, clearances & pressure washing. We work throughout the West Midlands, hold a waste carriers licence & we are fully insured for peace of mind.
We are professional Horticultural and Arboricultural contractors carrying out garden maintenance and landscaping work across worcestershire.
Home and gardens 4 u ltd
We are a company that provides all of your home and garden needs. From the home and garden maintenance to complete renovations.
Lawncare specialists and Bespoke garden maintenance service with soft landscaping to limited clients. Mowing regularly fortnightly Hedges cut & removed. Medium Trees felled. Weed control.
AGS garden services
All soft and Hard landing from Basic maintenance ie mowing strimming, edging and weeding Complete Garden clearance with waste removal Tree surgery and removal, stump grinding Patio Installation Turfing A*grade turf or Astro turf Fencing. Full installion or repair also painting service Jet washing Borders Sleeper beds/ walls Border planting Gutter clearance And much more at request
Top Lawn Company
Quality Lawncare and Complete Garden services
Patrick's Garden Maintenance Service
If you need help maintaining your garden, or getting an unruly garden back under control, and reside in the Sandwell and Birmingham area, give Patrick a call. Hedge trimming, weeding, grass cutting, driveway and patio cleaning are amongst some of the services on offer. Reasonable rates. Please call for further details.
KevinKo Ltd
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Within hours, we'll introduce you to several interested and available Lawn Specialists in your area. You'll be able to compare quotes, messages, reviews and profiles. Then when you're ready, hire the right professional.
We have 1406 Lawn Specialists actively using Bark.com.
We'll reach out to them as well as others, based on your requirements.
Within hours, sometimes minutes, they'll contact you on Bark.
Professionals value their reputation on Bark and strive to do a great job for customers they find on our platform.


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Secluded Log Cabin, Gorgeous views, Hot tub!
From $165 / night
Description from the owner
Description from the owner
Bedrooms: 3/
Bathrooms: 2/
Sleeps: 6/
Type: Cabin
Book this 3 bedroom, 2 bathroom cabin in Banner Elk today! A total of 6 people can sleep here comfortably. This property has been booked 6 times.
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Travelers are sharing their opinions on this property. It has an overall rating of 5/5 thanks to an average of 10 reviews.
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The owner responds to 100% of inquiries and last updated the property's calendar 5 days ago.
Proximity to TripAdvisor's Top Banner Elk Attractions
Proximity to TripAdvisor's Top Banner Elk Attractions
Reviews (4)
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subset: commoncrawl


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beneath the black waves lyrics – dead by tomorrow
the rising waves are striking the dark, abandoned
seash*r*, the storm is coming i can smell the rain. we're
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Ace of Swords meanings
The Ace of Swords means developing a sense of identity, causing separation. The birth of ideas and concepts.
A hand issues from a cloud, grasping as word, the point of which is encircled by a crown.
Triumph, the excessive degree in everything, conquest, triumph of force. It is a card of great force, in love as well as in hatred. The crown [see illustration, left] may carry a much higher significance than comes usually within the sphere of fortune-telling.
Additional Meanings: Great prosperity or great misery.
The same, but the results are disastrous; another account says — conception, childbirth, augmentation, multiplicity.
Additional Meanings: Marriage broken off, for a woman, through her own imprudence.
Book of Thoth
The Ace of Swords is the primordial Energy of Air, the Essence of the Vau of Tetragrammaton, the integration of the Ruach. Air is the result of the conjunction of Fire and Water; thus it lacks the purity of its superiors in the male hierarchy, Fire, Sol and the Phallus. But for this same reason it is the first card directly to be apprehended by the normal consciousness of Mankind. The errors of such cards as the 7 and Ten of Cups are yet of an Order altogether higher than the apparently much milder Four of Swords. The study of the subtle and gradual degradation of the planes is excessively difficult.
In nature, the obvious symbol of Air is the Wind "which bloweth whithersoever it listeth". It lacks the concentrated Will of Fire to unite with Water: it has no corresponding passion for its Twin Element, Earth. There is indeed, a notable passivity in its nature; evidently, it has no self-generated impulse. But, set in motion by its Father and Mother, its power is manifestly terrific. It visibly attacks its objective, as they, being of subtler and more tenuous character, can never do. Its "all-embracing, all-wandering, all-penetrating, all-consuming" qualities have been described by many admirable writers, and its analogies are for the most part patent to quite ordinary observers.
Golden Dawn -The Radix of the Powers of Air
Great energy called to do good. Stationary forces are roused and called into action.
Triumph, Fecundity, Fertility, Prosperity.
Embarrassment, Foolish and Hopeless Love, Obstacle, Hindrance.
Fructification, Extreme, Big, Excessive. Extravagant, Fierce, Carried Away. Exceedingly, Passionately, Inordinately. Vehemence, Animosity, Momentum, excessiveness, Wrath, Fury, Rage. Extremity, Bounds, Border, Limits. Last Breath, Utmost Extremity. Quarrel.
Pregnancy, Beginning, Seed, Sperm, Matter, Impregnating, Fathering, Conception, Fructification, Labor, Childbirth. Fertilization, Growing, Formation. Expansion, Augmentation, Multiplicity.
Paul Foster Case
The ankh cross, similar to a Venus symbol, represents the union of positive and negative forces, and thus corresponds to VAU, the third letter of the Great Name, IHVH. The Swords are all symbols of AIR, which is alchemically the mixture of the hot and dry nature of FIRE with the cool and moist nature of WATER, but with the heat and dryness predominant over the cold and moisture. Thus AIR is more fiery than watery, and there is a closer affinity between Swords and Wands than between Swords and Cups. The Ace of Swords symbolizes Invoked Force, by way of contrast to the Natural Force typified by the Ace of Wands.
Occult title
The root of the powers of air.
In the Knapp Tarot it is shown point downward, but this represents its evil and negative significance, for in ceremonial magic the sword in this position is used for the invocation of the evil and demonic forces. On ancient exoteric and esoteric versions of this Key the single sword often is shown with its point upward, and the point is surrounded by a radiant Crown, symbolizing the invocation of spiritual Radiance. Thus, in using this card, it is to be considered Ill-dignified if it appears with the point of the sword down, and Well-dignified if in the reverse position.
Time period
From Libra 0 to the end of Sagittarius, September 23rd to December 21st, representing the conjoined powers of Venus, Mars and Jupiter.
Activity, particularly mental force in operation.
- The extreme or excessive, triumph, force. "It is a card of great force, in love as well as in hatred." (W.) Vehemence, fury, etc. Limits, extremity, frontier, confinement. Reversed: Conception, pregnancy, childbirth, fructification, production, enlarging, augmentation.
- This is the first step of the element of Earth, coming on the First house or ascendant. Of course this has to do with a beginning, a strong outpouring of force, an impulse, and a material one too. Positive activity on the material plane is typically masculine, and this is a very masculine card, perhaps the most of all. There is no negotiation possible with it. It is emphatically 'yes' or 'no.' One of the primary expressions of the masculine is fructification, and the male action is indicated by this card. For the same reason it means germ, seed. And its natural consequence is conception and childbirth, the ace indicating here also the ascendant. In everything this card means the actual beginning in material execution, which at the same time may cut short something else. It may mean decapitation, or any justiciary execution. It signifies of course a decision, the end of uncertainty or twilight. It is a fresh starting point in matter: 'alea jacta est.' And so it may as well mean a strong demand, an appeal. There is courage in it and firm initiative. It may cause pain and affliction, but annihilates doubt, the greatest torture.
- Initiative, force, masculine activity, seed, germ, commencement in matter, decision, starting point, emphasis; fructification. Execution, affliction, pain, but annihilation of doubt and uncertainty. Courage, firmness, integrity. May denote great passion or intense enmity. Fury, vehemence.
- <<Princess of Cups | Two of Swords>>


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We are one of the world's foremost producers of cobalt- and nickel-based hardfacing and wear-resistant alloys.
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We produce the complete range of industry standard wear-resistant cobalt hardfacing alloys. We often produce custom made alloys as well.
The standard wear-resistant cobalt hardfacing alloys available are:
Our foundry uses various casting techniques to produce components for a wide range of industries:
In March 2012 Weartech International became part of the Lincoln Electric Group of companies.
Weartech International's cobalt-base components are produced using a wide range of casting methods. The most common of these is the centrifugal casting process which produces particularly dense porosity-free components with a uniform grain structure for increased wear-resistance. We supply components finished to drawing or simply proof-machined if preferred.


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Upcoming Events
- An Evening at the Winery – Sunday, August 28 – 4:00 PM
Please join us for relaxing, fun-filled evening at the winery, which includes
wine tasting, silent auction, dinner, music, desserts, and much more. Proceeds from this event will benetfit Benevolent Care at Meridian Village. For sponsorship opportunities, ticket information, or to make a donation, contact Becky Zimmer at 618.205.4224
4 – 5 pm WINE TASTING
4 – 6 pm SILENT AUCTION
5 – 7 pm DINNER & DESSERTS
Musical Entertainment all evening


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Review: Final Fantasy XV is a tale of two games
Dec 5, 2016 | 5 Comments
Tokyo Therion, an MORPG that deals with demons, is arriving on the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch this spring in Japan. Developer CAVE released a teaser trailer today (below) that shows a little of the combat and customization involved in the game.
CAVE is most widely known for their arcade shoot-'em-ups, including DoDonPachi and other games. They recently offered fellow iOS developers advice on the mobile market.
Follow @wita on Twitter for tales of superheroes, plumbers in overalls, and literary adventures.


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Amateur poker players usually don't fare very well when they sit down with the big boys and play high stakes poker on TV. Whether they're rich businesspeople or simply overly optimistic dreamers with 75% of their net worth on the table, there aren't many cases of amateurs besting the pros in televised cash games.
Actually, there is one exception.
A specific subset of amateur players, qualifiers from 888 Poker, have a pretty good track record on Poker Night in America, as five of the six players who've qualified to play in the $25/$50 No Limit Holdem game that is Poker Night in America have walked away winners – and the two players who've lost money happen to be a well-known poker pro with a World Poker Tour title on his resume, Asher Conniff, and a tough New Jersey poker player named Christopher Horter, who finished 57th in the 2015 WSOP Main Event. Other than Conniff and Horter, 888's handful of qualifiers are 4-0 on Poker Night in America.
In November of 2014, 888 New Jersey sent two players to the Rivers Casino in Pittsburgh to appear on Poker Night in America. One of those players was Conniff, the other was Andrew Hanna.
Hanna finished his session up $1,575.
In January of 2015, Christine Pilcher played in the PNiA game held at the Golden Nugget in Atlantic City. Christine won $3,575.
Easily the most improbable story of all the qualifiers, Christine not only won the 400 person qualifier tournament and came out ahead on PNiA, she did so just six months after her husband first taught her how to play poker.
In August of 2015, Poker night in America landed in upstate New York at the Turning Stone Casino, where 888 qualifier Dominick Christiano finished his session up $5,575.
888 qualifier Christopher Horter appeared on the November 2015 episodes of Poker Night in America at Rivers Casino and was felted when a loose aggressive spiked a two on the River for a well-disguised trips that cracked Horter's Pocket Kings.
The most recent 888 qualifier to appear on Poker Night in America was Anthony Pagan, who Matt Glantz knows from the New Jersey tournament scene. Pagan walked away from his PNiA session at the Thunder Valley Casino in California up around $4,300, after he successfully dodged a nine after getting all-in pre-flop with Tom West holding KK to West's 99.
The poker media has a good track record on Poker Night in America too.
PokerNews.com reporter Chad Holloway appeared on the show when Poker Night in America went to SugarHouse Casino in Philadelphia in April of 2015, and Chad turned his $5,000 buy-in into $12,850 after two days of action – Holloway was up over $15,000 at one point.
In August I played at Turning Stone Casino (the day before Dominick Christiano) and left with a modest win of $1,700. Like Holloway, I was up even more, but gave some of it back when I made a controversial lay down in a six-bet pot against Shaun Deeb.
I have a few theories on this.
As I learned firsthand, this game is intentionally played at stakes that these players can afford, and most treat as a friendly home game (how sick is that!?!?!) where they can laugh, drink, and gamble.
So what you have is the perfect convergence of playing styles, where the amateur qualifiers are playing tight ABC poker (for the most part) and the pros are playing what I would generally term as a loose, slightly aggressive style. If you want to beat a loose aggressive player just wait for the nuts, and since they're having fun and gambling the pros tend to pay these amateurs off in spots they probably shouldn't.
Furthermore, the professionals in the game (and the whales) give you way too much credit for having a hand. They suspect that because you're almost certainly playing over your head you'll be intimidated to the point of playing tight ABC poker exclusively.
From what I've seen, this is basically how most of the amateur qualifiers played, but even nitting it up, the pros gave a lot of respect to the continuation bets from these players.
Finally, the amateurs are complete unknowns.
The amateurs can watch tape (if there is any) on their likely opponents, but the pros are going into the game with no knowledge of what the amateur's skill level is, or what kind of style they play.
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Green People Day Solution Spf 15 (day Cream)
Guide price: £12
Last updated on 1st Jun 2009
Tags: natural organic body skin care cosmetics
Green People Day Solution Spf 15 (day Cream)
A day moisturiser with natural UVA/UVB protection, Green People Day Solution SPF15 is made from organic plant extracts and other all natural ingredients. More on the ingredients... Formulated with Aloe Vera, Geranium essential oil and Chamomile extract to moisturise and rebalance your skin, it contains Cats Claw herb and Seaweed to help protect against cell damage. Providing natural SPF15 sunscreen protection there's Edelweiss extract, Titanium dioxide and Cinnamon-derived UV-filters.
Gently scented with natural Rose Geranium Oil and suitable for all skin types. Ingredients free from artificial perfumes, parabens, petrochemicals, colourants, and other unnecessary synthetic ingredients. This product contains ingredients certified by the Soil Association. NOTE ADDED 12/05/08: Contains nanotechnology.
Please click here to see our policy notes for more information
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Skin Care
Owner of The Beauty Counter and The Sanctuary Skin Care and Beauty is Natasha Lee, a highly regarded and qualified beauty therapist in Neutral Bay, Sydney since 2003. Natasha has dedicated herself to her profession, continuously educating herself in all things skin and beauty. She has a particular interest in skincare ingredient technology and helping people achieving their best skin possible.
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Rollz Motion Rollator/Wheelchair - Cup Holder
The Rollz cup holder is very easy to use. Because of the sliding system, the Rollz cup holder can be put into the desired position quickly, enabling the user to take a water bottle along.
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Fork TruckNo price - Perth Amboy, NJ
used crown battery operated portable lift/stacker. lift capacity - 2000 lbs, max lift height - 110". 36" fork length - 36". s/n: 1a174476.
Fork TruckNo price - Perth Amboy, NJ
used portable hydraulic lift/floor crane by power team. 3,300 lb extended lift capacity. 4,400 lb retracted capacity. painted steel construction. unit weight 1,685 lbs.
Caterpillar Fork TruckNo price - Perth Amboy, NJ
- Manufacturer: Caterpillar
caterpillar 2000kgs diesel powered forklift truck capacity: unknown
Toyota Fork Truck 8,000 Lbs Capacity$7,500 - Waukesha, WI Recently Added
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toyota fork lift 8,000 lbs capacity model fg45, an outdoor terrain, gas powered, with 185" lift height, side shifting and back tilt, only 5400 hours and $7500.00 standard specifications: capacity 8...
Buyers Product TGS05B Salt SpreaderNo price - Yaphank, NY Recently Added
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used 150 gallon Ross Mix Can 3454No price - Painesville, OH
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Security Cage #10113No price - Marlboro Township, NJ
lockable security cages, with hinged covers, stackable and 2-way fork truck access. cages are 36" w x 38" high x 45" wide, has 2 locking front doors.. very clean
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lockable security cages, with hinged covers, stackable and 2-way fork truck access. cages are 36" w x 38" h x 45" wide, very clean has swing 2 front doors..
Cascade Palette forkNo price - Pittsfield, MA Recently Added
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Steel Hopper. 45" x 45" x 21" + 57" deep cone. 2425No price - Painesville, OH
one(1) used steel hopper. fork truck accessible. 45" x 45" x 21" straight wall, plus 57" deep hopper bottom. equipped with 4 legs, fork truck pockets. butter fly valve. closed top with manway.
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>> Best Value Hotels in Lucknow
Best Value Hotels in LucknowTravel and accommodation are two things which need to be perfectly in place while planning for a short religious trip, fun-filled vacation, business trip or a weekend getaway.
We have handpicked the Best 9 Best Value hotels in Lucknow See all 97 hotels
Featured Best Value Hotels
Featured Best Value Hotels in Lucknow picked by Travelguru
Golden Tulip Lucknow
Hazratganj, Lucknow
Hotel Levana
Hazratganj, Lucknow
La Place Sarovar Portico (Formerly Park Inn) - A Sarovar Hotel
Hazratganj, Lucknow
Hotel Amanda
Viraj Khand, Lucknow
Save 20% on each night
Vidhan Sabha Marg, Lucknow
The Grand Radiant
Cantt Road, Lucknow
Sapna Clarks Inn
Book now and save 15% on each night
Hotel Gaylord India
Charbagh, Lucknow
Save 5% on Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat and Sun
The Golden Apple Hotel
Maha nagar, Lucknow
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- Hotel Madhurima Rs. 3,977 Per Room Per Night
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Nearby Places of Interest :
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Students earning a Bachelor in Finance degree online will learn to measure risks and profits in order to assess the validity of any kind of investment. One vital concept in the field of finance is the time value of money, stating that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow. A high level of proficiency in financial theory, including required courses in mathematics, economics and business will be essential to the successful completion of a Bachelor in Finance program. Specializations in public finance, corporate finance or personal finance may lead students to focus on certain courses that pertain to those fields.
Graduates with a Bachelor in Finance degree may enter the job market right away or choose to continue their studies with a masters program to heighten their qualifications. With increased experience, Bachelor in Finance online graduates may fulfill such rewarding positions as Financial Analyst, Internal Auditor, Treasury Analyst, Management Accountant, Equity Finance Research Analyst and many more.
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Through analytical tools in economics, business and law, students are enabled to manage the complexity of international relations of the companies, to evaluate investments on foreign markets and to organize production processes at the international level, including the import-export. Duration of study: 3 academic years Credits: 180 ects N. 100 of students for the first year of studies [+]
Our training will help you break into the labor market with great success, desempeñándote in the management area of economic and financial area of various public and / or private national and international level. We built this program to make you a complete professional, which is adapted to the current market demands and accommodate all areas of the economy ... [+]
Le Bachelor Finance a pour objectif de former des comptables qualifiés, capables de prendre en charge la gestion de la trésorerie ou le contrôle de gestion au sein d'une entreprise ou d'un cabinet d'expertise comptable. [+]
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Study on the remote form is self mastery required 'obligatory (lectures) and secondary (tasks for independent work) theoretical material [+]


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Because Knetbooks knows college students. Our rental program is designed to save you time and money. Whether you need a textbook for a semester, quarter or even a summer session, we have an option for you. Simply select a rental period, enter your information and your book will be on its way!
In volume 3 of James Kochalka's off-kilter science fiction series for young readers, the eponymous hapless space adventurer is joined by three horribly annoying little kids. Everything is terrible, and nothing is okay.
Well, that's not entirely true. There's a really great mustache. And a valiant cup of coffee. And a truly dastardly villain. And the Glorkian SuperGrandma even makes an appearance!
With gorgeous, lively illustrations and super silly humor, this third volume in the Glorkian Warrior series is jam-packed with extra-gross gross-out humor and ludicrously bad decisions.


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In the enjoyable eighth installment of Childs's tea shop series (after 2006's Blood Orange Brewing), Mark Congdon, commodities broker and co-owner of a Charleston bed and breakfast, drops dead after sipping a glass of sweet tea at the Spring Plantation Ramble. This was no simple heart attack—Mark was poisoned. Eager to help out Mark's grieving widow, tea shop proprietress and gumshoe Theodosia Browning offers to collect his belongings from his office. There, she discovers that a surprising number of co-workers, including a spurned lover and a professional rival, had reason to want Mark dead. Yet again, Childs proves herself skilled at local color, serving up cunning portraits of Southern society and delectable descriptions of dishes like cheesy crab casserole (recipe included). (Mar.)Copyright 2006 Reed Business Information.
Dragonwell Dead (Tea Shop Series #8)by Laura Childs
Although Theodosia Browning barely knows a Phalinopsis from a Bog Rose, she still enjoys Charleston's Spring Plantation Ramble, especially since she can promote her Indigo Tea Shop and her latest concoction, Dragonwell Sweet Tea. But the party's over when Mark Congdon wins a bid for a rare orchid-and promptly dies. It looks like a simple heart attack, but Theo suspects that someone purposely turned his green thumb blue.
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9780425220450
- Publisher:
- Penguin Publishing Group
- Publication date:
- 03/04/2008
- Series:
- Tea Shop Series , #8
- Edition description:
- Reprint
- Pages:
- 304
- Sales rank:
- 126,216
- Product dimensions:
- 4.35(w) x 6.81(h) x 0.86(d)
- Age Range:
- 18 Years
Meet the Author
Laura Childs is the New York Times bestselling author of the Cackleberry Club, Tea Shop, and Scrapbooking mysteries. In her past life she was a Clio Award–winning advertising writer and CEO of her own marketing firm. She lives in Plymouth, Minnesota.
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews
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I wish they would put ALL the tea shop mysteries out for ebook reading ! I have requested it but that was a while ago. I don't want to skip over any in the series...this is very frustrating. I gave a 5 star review because I really like this cozy mystery series....but I want to read them all on my Nook. (I don't want to have to go buy them..that is why I got my Nook!!!)
Theodosia and her faithful friends of the Indigo Tea shop - Drayton and Haley - are confronted at an orchid auction they are catering with the untimely death of their friend Mark Congdon. Drayton is particularly affected since Mark and he were both Orchid collectors. As in the past, Theodosia doesn't set out to investigate the murder, but gets sucked in by circumstances. This mystery was the most action packed of the series so far, and a delightful read.
I am enjoying all of the teashop mysteries and this was no exception. If you are a tea lover or just love all things related to "taking tea" then this is the mystery series for you!
I love the Theodosia Tea mysteries. I also live in beautiful Charleston, SC and recognize everything she describes in her books. I bought my Nook ( and a 32 gig microchip) in the hopes I could keep all of my authors titles on it. But I only have 7 of each one of Lauren's series, Tea Shop, Scrapbooking & the Cackleberry Club. Why doesn't the publishing house release them all? A more important question, even though it doesn't involve the books, why doesn't Charleston, SC have a lovely tea shop like the Indigo Blue? The closest one is in Summerville! This book is an awesome romp through the insanity of having to deal with not only your best friend's wedding, but a high society wedding to boot! Add in the wedding being thrown together so fast, sort of a shotgun wedding without a shotgun, a Southern thunderstorm, Cuban cigars, Cocaine, the groom's ex-girlfriend as a wedding guest, the groom turning up dead AND having your best friend (the bride) as prime suspect and you have a mystery no pot of Southern Sweet Tea will help...well maybe not! Plus, there is a great recipe for making sweet tea in the back! I have been atea drinker since my mother put it in my bottles. I have always made it like she did and it was always good. A 2 quart pitcher lasts less than 24 hours here and I am the only one who drinks it these days. This recipe gave me a completely different way of doing it and it is DELICIOUS!!! Never dif I think to steep it, lid on, for 10 minutes, I thought the tannin would build up and it would be awful, but it wasn't!! If you like, what we southerners call "Sweet tea", then make this recipe and then find a shady spot to read the book. You will not regret it! R Paul Charleston, SC
Just finished the Tea Shop series during the many snow storms of Michigan. Make a pot of English Breakfast or Earl Grey and enjoy!
A light mystery with just enough suspense to keep you reading. Interesting characters that you want to continue getting to know. I am thoroughly enjoying the series.
Laura keeps the action moving at an interesting clip. The tea and cakes are delicious and comforting and a surprise at the end.
Childs' Tea Shop mysteries are always a great read.
In Charleston, South Carolina, the annual Spring Plantation Ramble gala begins as the city¿s affluent open their gardens to the public. A festive atmosphere permeates the entire town as flower shows and rare plant auctions are everywhere. Indigo Tea Shop owner Theodosia Browning loves the annual event that symbolizes spring to her and not just because business booms which it does during the festivity. She just loves the flowering of Charleston that the Ramble represents. This year she has the added pleasure of selling her new brew, Dragonwell Sweet Tea. --- Theodosia and her master tea blender Drayton provide the tea stand as a favor to the Broad Street Garden Club at the Carthage Place Plantation where a rare plant auction occurs. Commodities broker Mark Congdon has the high bid for a rare monkey-face orchid for $900. Mark is euphoric over his win, but almost immediate his body goes into a violent fit with foam coming out of his mouth. In spite of Theodosia¿s CPR efforts he dies. Everyone assumes it is a fatal heart attack until Sheriff Billings¿ report states cause of death is unspecified toxin. Mark¿s widow Angie asks Theodosia, who has solved some mysteries, to investigate her husband¿s death she reluctantly agrees as her tea is considered the prime suspect by many. --- As always with a Tea Shop Mystery, readers will appreciate Theodosia¿s investigation as this time she has the motive of clearing her tea¿s reputation. The story line is fast-paced as the heroine makes inquiries including out of state that frighten a killer who believes the shop owner may be getting to close to reading the tea leaves. Fans of the series will enjoy this amateur sleuth¿s latest exploits while savoring the Indigo Tea Shop¿s recipes with some tips to improve your brewing techniques. --- Harriet Klausner


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The Kivik Sofa Bed slipcover set includes covers for 2 back cushions, 2 seat cushions, 1 long base cushion, 1 front base and 1 for main body made up of back frame and armrests.
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Feedback Sports Sprint Repair Stand
Feedback Sports Sprint Repair Stand Description
Meet the new Sprint stand, from Feedback. A great new addition to the range, it's especially suited to high end carbon frames, or bikes that are otherwise awkward to clamp in a regular workstand. It has flexible mounting options to accomade pretty much any type of dropout. Out of the box its compatible with 100mm front qr dropouts, or 130/135mm qr rear dropouts. But adaptors are available for 15mm and 20mm front through axles, alongside 135 x12 and 142 x 12 bolt through rear axles. Coupled with its light weight (5.9kg) and compact size, its the perfect stand for race days, and work on the road. Or even if you're just tight for space.
360° rotation with fully adjustable fork and bottom bracket position.
Weight 12.6lbs. (5.7kgs.)
Light weight anodized aluminum tubing will not rust.
Work Height 30"-48" (76cm-121cm)
Base Diameter 46" (116cm)
Folded Size 5" x 7.5" x 30" (12.7cm x 19cm x 76cm)
Load Capacity 85lbs. (38kgs.)
All orders dispatched by Royal Mail.
Items with a value of greater than £50 are sent Royal Mail signed for.
Bulky items (groupsets, wheels & turbo trainers) are sent by courier
- Unless damaged or defective, we accept the return of items only if they are unopened (except in cases where the item has to be tried for fit) and in their original condition. In the case of clothing which have to be tried for fit, any returns must be in their original packaging and with any labels still attached.We reserve the right to refuse a returned item if labels have been detached .
- Returns form must be included in your parcel failure to do so could result in delays .
- Must not exceed 2 kg
- Please ensure that you retain your proof of postage off Royal mail as this may be required to process refunds/exchanges and failure to provide this may result in your refund/exchange not being processed .
- We are unable to refund postage that you have paid for yourself unless it has been pre-authorized by Vanilla bikes.


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Having a Ball
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Having a Ball.docx - Google Docs
Check out this link to the Pass the Ball documentary. Be sure to pay attention because a question will follow. (This annotation contains a video)
"Ethan plays ball with kids in Mozambique." (Ian Allen for TIME) (This annotation contains an image)
Ethan also noted this experience in the film. What do he and the teacher say about soccer?
By not giving up, Ethan demonstrated
How can having a celebrity player like Subotic call greater attention to a cause? Can you think of another example of when a celebrity has helped raise your awareness about an important cause?
What does this fact reveal about the impact that Ethan is having with Charity Ball?


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Kukla's Korner Hockey
On Pronger
by Paul on 06/27/06 at 10:27 AM ET
Comments (0)
On the surface, there's no evidence here to suggest Pronger wants out of Edmonton for more cash. And without anything else to go on, we have to take this story at face value. Still, there are going to be fans who won't accept it. And whatever Pronger's reasons for wanting to leave Edmonton, the net effect is going to be a few more fans feeling emotionally betrayed by their idol - and a few more fans who have just been given another reason not to care about hockey anymore.read on
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United States District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania
October 9, 2013
KEVIN WILSON, ET AL.v.JOSHUA DEWEES, ET AL
Page 450
For KEVIN WILSON, Plaintiff: HARRY J. OXMAN, LEAD ATTORNEY, OXMAN, GOODSTADT, KREVITZ & KURITZ, PHILADELPHIA, PA; JOSEPH S. OXMAN, OXMAN GOODSTADT KURITZ, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
For OFFICER JOSHUA DEWEES, BADGE #242, OFFICER DAVID BROCKWAY, Defendants: ROBERT P. DIDOMENICIS, LEAD ATTORNEY, HOLSTEN & ASSOCIATES, MEDIA, PA.
Page 451
Presently before the Court is the Motion for Summary Judgment of Defendant, Officer David Brockway, and Motion for Partial Summary Judgment of Defendant, Officer Joshua Dewees. (ECF No. 33.) For the following reasons, the Motion will be granted in part and denied in part.
Plaintiffs Kevin Wilson and Julius Bradley brought this lawsuit against the City of Chester, the City of Chester Housing Authority (" CCHA" ), and individual police officers Joshua Dewees, David Brockway, and Edward Corangi. The claims of Julius Bradley were dismissed after a hearing, by Order dated June 21, 2013. ( See ECF No. 24.). [1] Plaintiff Wilson asserts claims for the use of excessive force under the Fourth Amendment, false arrest and false imprisonment under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, assault and battery, malicious prosecution under state law and under § 1983, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. (Compl., ECF No. 1; Court's Mem. Dismiss, ECF No. 29; Court's Order Dismiss, ECF No. 30.) The claims arise out of Plaintiff's arrest and
Page 452
prosecution by Defendants, Officers Dewees and Brockway, tat occurred on October 9, 2009.
A. Procedural Background
On August 5, 2010, Plaintiff filed a Complaint asserting seven causes of action under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments, Pennsylvania state law, and § 1983. The parties agreed to the dismissal of many of the claims. ( See Court's Mem. Dismiss.) On July 8, 2013, the Court entered a Memorandum and Order granting in part and denying in part, Defendants' motion to dismiss. ( Id. ; Court's Order Dismiss.) As a result of the parties' agreements to dismiss, and the Court's July 8 ruling, the following claims survived the motion to dismiss stage: (1) excessive force under the Fourth Amendment; (2) false arrest and false imprisonment under § 1983; (3) assault and battery; (4) malicious prosecution under state law and § 1983; and (5) intentional infliction of emotional distress. (Court's Mem. Dismiss 8-9.) Plaintiff asserts all of these claims against both Officer Dewees and Officer Brockway. ( Id. )
On August 9, 2013, Defendants filed the instant Motion for Summary Judgment of Defendant, Officer David Brockway, and Motion for Partial Summary Judgment of Defendant, Officer Joshua Dewees. (Defs.' Mot., ECF No. 33.) [2] On August 29, 2013, Plaintiff filed a Response in opposition to Defendant's Motion. (Pl.'s Resp., ECF No. 35.) [3] On September 6, 2013, Defendants filed a Reply in further support of their Motion. (Defs.' Reply, ECF No. 40.) Trial is scheduled to begin on October 15, 2013.
B. Factual Background[4]
On the evening of October 9, 2009, Wilson left a dance at the Leake Recreation Center located at Seventh and Yarnall Streets in the City of Chester. (Wilson Dep. 9-10, Defs.' Mot. Ex. A.) The dance let out at around 11:00 p.m. and approximately 100 to 200 people left at the same time. ( Id. at 10.) Plaintiff observed no fights among the people as they exited the dance, but stated that people were " hyper" and still talking and dancing. ( Id. at 11.) Plaintiff stated that he had had two beers that evening. ( Id. at 10.) After leaving the dance, Plaintiff was with a group of approximately 15 to 20 friends. ( Id. at 17.) Plaintiff and his friends began walking away from the Leake Center on Yarnall Street towards Ninth Street. ( Id. at 12.) As Plaintiff was approaching Ninth Street, he noticed two police cars driving down Yarnall Street towards them. ( Id. at 12, 14-15.) The officers in one of the police cars began speaking with Plaintiff's cousin, Gary. ( Id. at 15.) Plaintiff kept walking down Yarnall Street while his cousin was talking to the officers. ( Id. at 16.) When Plaintiff approached the intersection of Tenth and Yarnall Streets, he was suddenly tackled from behind by Officer Dewees.
Page 453
( Id. at 16, 18.) Plaintiff was not wearing a shirt when he was tackled because it was hot at the dance. ( Id. at 16.) At the time that Plaintiff was tackled, another police vehicle approached and Plaintiff and Officer Dewees " bounced off " of the approaching police vehicle. ( Id. at 18.) Two police officers exited the vehicle and each held Plaintiff by one of his arms while Officer Dewees struck Plaintiff repeatedly on his head and across his face with a flashlight. ( Id. at 18, 21.) Plaintiff testified that he was struck with the flashlight at least ten times. ( Id. at 23.) [5] Plaintiff tried to yell out in an effort to let the officers know that he was giving up. ( Id. at 18-19.) The officers picked Plaintiff up off of the ground from his knees and struck him again two more times across the face with the flashlight. ( Id. at 19.) Plaintiff recalls that one of the police officers that held his arms was Officer Corangi. ( Id. at 20.) Plaintiff does not recall the name of the other police officer. ( Id. ) [6]
Plaintiff was handcuffed while on the ground by Officer Dewees. (Wilson Dep. 25.) Plaintiff was bleeding. ( Id. ) Officer Dewees picked Plaintiff up off the ground and placed him face down on the trunk of Officer Corangi's police vehicle. ( Id. at 25.) When Plaintiff bled on the vehicle, Officer Corangi placed Plaintiff's white t-shirt in his hand-cuffed hands and demanded that he wipe the blood off of his vehicle. ( Id. at 26-27, 30.) Plaintiff was then placed in another police vehicle and taken to the police station. ( Id. at 36-37.) Plaintiff does not recall the name of the police officer that drove him to the station. ( Id. at 37.) Plaintiff was taken to the station with at least three other individuals. [7]
Page 454
At the station, Plaintiff was fingerprinted and placed in a holding cell. ( Id. at 41.) Plaintiff was not given a breathalyzer at the station. ( Id. ) Plaintiff requested but was not provided any medical attention while he was at the station. ( Id. at 42.) Bail was set at $50,000. Plaintiff was released after his mother posted bail at 8:00 p.m. the following evening. ( Id. at 43.) Plaintiff was in custody for approximately 22 hours. ( Id. at 45.)
After Plaintiff arrived home with his mother and his girlfriend, he blacked out and an ambulance came to revive him and take him to the hospital. ( Id. at 53-54.) Plaintiff was diagnosed as having a concussion. ( Id. at 55.) As a result of the incident, Plaintiff suffered from gashes and lacerations on his face, brush burns on his shoulder, and a swollen and bruised head. ( Id. at 68-72.) Plaintiff testified that, following this incident, he saw a psychologist for approximately three to four months for trauma. ( Id. at 63, 65-66.) He stated that he was, and continues to be, afraid of flashlights and of people coming close to him. ( Id. at 66.) Plaintiff still has headaches as a result of the incident. ( Id. ) Plaintiff testified that Officer Dewees was not " ever touched" by him and was not injured as a result of the incident. ( Id. at 40.) [8] Plaintiff was nineteen years old at the time of the incident. (Wilson Dep. 8.)
Officer Dewees prepared the Incident Investigation Report and the Criminal Complaint. The Criminal Complaint charged Plaintiff with disorderly conduct, harassment, resisting arrest, failure of disorderly persons to disperse upon official order, aggravated assault, simple assault, and recklessly endangering another person. (Crim. Compl., Defs.' Mot. Ex. F; see also Dewees Dep. 53.) The Affidavit of Probable Cause states that when the Officers arrived at the scene of the incident, there was a group at the corner of Ninth and Yarnall Streets that " were standing in the roadway ripping their shirts off swinging them around and using foul language in attempts to make the crowd more rowdy." (Crim. Compl. 6.) The Affidavit of Probable Cause also states that Plaintiff was chased, resisted arrest, fought the attempts of the officers to take him to the ground, and that Officer Dewees was struck in the face with Plaintiff's elbow during the struggle. ( Id. ) The Affidavit states that Officers Brockway and Corangi came to Officer Dewees's aid in restraining Plaintiff during the incident. ( Id. ) The Affidavit does not mention the use of a flashlight or that Plaintiff had appeared intoxicated. ( Id. ) On April 4, 2010, Chester Magisterial District Judge Dawn Vann dismissed all charges against Plaintiff. (Compl. ¶ ¶ 20, 27.)
A party is entitled to summary judgment " if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and
Page 455
the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a); see also Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986) (" Only disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary judgment. Factual disputes that are irrelevant or unnecessary will not be counted." ). Where the nonmoving party bears the burden of proof at trial, the moving party may identify an absence of a genuine issue of material fact by showing the court that there is no evidence in the record supporting the nonmoving party's case. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 325, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); UPMC Health Sys. v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 391 F.3d 497, 502 (3d Cir. 2004). If the moving party carries this initial burden, the nonmoving party must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c)(1) (" A party asserting that a fact . . . is genuinely disputed must support the assertion by . . . citing to particular parts of materials in the record. . . ." ); see also Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986) (noting that the nonmoving party " must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts" ). " Where the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the non-moving party, there is no 'genuine issue for trial.'" Id. at 587 (citations omitted). When deciding a motion for summary judgment, courts must view facts and inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255. Courts must not resolve factual disputes or make credibility determinations. Siegel Transfer, Inc. v. Carrier Express, Inc., 54 F.3d 1125, 1127 (3d Cir. 1995).
Defendants seek dismissal of Plaintiff's claims for false arrest, false imprisonment, malicious prosecution, and intentional infliction of emotional distress against both Officer Dewees and Officer Brockway. In addition, Defendant Officer Brockway requests that the Court grant him summary judgment on Plaintiff's claims for excessive force and assault and battery.
A. False Arrest and False Imprisonment Claims
Defendants move for summary judgment on Count Two of Plaintiff's Complaint, which alleges false arrest and false imprisonment, in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. False arrest and false imprisonment are " nearly identical claims," and courts often analyze the claims together. Brockington v. City of Phila., 354 F.Supp.2d 563, 570 n.8 (E.D. Pa. 2005). False arrest is " grounded in the Fourth Amendment's guarantee against unreasonable seizures," Groman v. Twp. of Manalapan, 47 F.3d 628, 636 (3d Cir. 1995), where false imprisonment is based upon the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against deprivation of liberty without due process of law, Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S. 137, 145, 99 S.Ct. 2689, 61 L.Ed.2d 433 (1979). " Claims of both false arrest and false imprisonment are predicated on an arrest made without probable cause in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Quinn v. Cintron, No. 11-2471, at *9 (E.D. Pa. Oct. 3, 2013) (citing Baker, 443 U.S. at 145, Groman, 47 F.3d at 636). If an arrest is supported by probable cause, then there is no constitutional violation and no viable § 1983 claim. Id. To prevail on a § 1983 claim for false arrest or false imprisonment, Plaintiff must show that the police
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officers arrested him without probable cause. Groman, 47 F.3d at 636; Dowling v. City of Phila., 855 F.2d 136, 141 (3d Cir. 1988).
" [P]robable cause to arrest exists when the facts and circumstances within the arresting officer's knowledge are sufficient in themselves to warrant a reasonable person to believe that an offense has been or is being committed by the person to be arrested." Orsatti v. New Jersey State Police, 71 F.3d 480, 483 (3d Cir. 1995). Generally, the existence of probable cause is an issue reserved for the jury, particularly in cases when the probable cause determination rests on credibility conflicts. Merkle v. Upper Dublin Sch. Dist., 211 F.3d 782, 788 (3d Cir. 2000). " However, a district court may conclude 'that probable cause exists as a matter of law if the evidence, viewed most favorably to Plaintiff, reasonably would not support a contrary factual finding,' and may enter summary judgment accordingly." Id. at 788-89 (quoting Sherwood v. Mulvihill, 113 F.3d 396, 401 (3d Cir. 1997)).
1. Officer Dewees
Defendants contend that the false arrest and false imprisonment claims should be dismissed because Officer Dewees had probable cause to arrest Plaintiff. (Defs.' Mot. 14.) Defendants contend that probable cause existed because (1) Plaintiff admitted to consuming two beers at the dance, and thus, was guilty of underage drinking, (2) Plaintiff stated that people leaving the dance were " hyper," and (3) Plaintiff testified that he was walking in the middle of the street with a group of people. ( Id. )
Officer Dewees's reliance on the fact that Plaintiff had consumed two beers at the dance in support of his probable cause argument is questionable. Nowhere in the record is there any statement that Plaintiff was acting at all intoxicated. Neither the Incident Report, nor the Criminal Complaint makes any mention of Plaintiff's alcohol consumption or visible intoxication. Had intoxication or underage drinking been a concern of Officer Dewees, Plaintiff could have been given a breathalyzer test when he arrived at the police station for booking. Plaintiff did not receive a breathalyzer test. There is no indication in the record that Officer Dewees had any idea that Plaintiff had consumed beers until after Plaintiff admitted this fact at his deposition. At this juncture, underage drinking does not support a finding that probable cause existed. Similarly, Plaintiff's statement that people leaving the dance were hyper does not necessarily support a finding of probable cause. Even if it is true that people were hyper, this is not a sufficient justification to arrest Plaintiff where there was no indication that Plaintiff was engaged in any violence or otherwise was committing a crime. Finally, there appears to be a dispute as to whether Plaintiff was walking in the middle of the street inciting the crowd or whether he was simply crossing the intersection of Tenth and Yarnall Streets. When viewing the facts in the light most favorable to Plaintiff, which we are required to do, Plaintiff simply crossing at an intersection does not provide probable cause to justify Officer Dewees's stop and seizure of Plaintiff. We therefore will deny summary judgment with respect to false arrest and false imprisonment claims against Officer Dewees.
2. Officer Brockway
Officer Brockway raises a slightly different argument in support of dismissing the false arrest and false imprisonment claims. Officer Brockway contends that he arrived at the scene after Officer Dewees had already begun to place Defendant into custody, and thus, Officer Brockway was entitled to rely on Officer Dewees's probable
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cause determination, even if it may later be determined that probable cause did not exist.
Officer Brockway relies on Stearns v. Clarkson, 615 F.3d 1278 (10th Cir. 2010), a Tenth Circuit case holding that " [w]hen one officer requests that another officer assist in executing an arrest, the assisting officer is not required to second-guess the requesting officer's probable cause determination, nor is he required to independently determine that probable cause exists." Id. at 1286. In other words, the police officer is entitled to qualified immunity if his reliance on the probable cause determination of his fellow police officer was reasonable. Id. The Third Circuit has framed the inquiry differently when analyzing an assisting officer's reliance on the probable cause determinations of other officers. In Rogers v. Powell, 120 F.3d 446, 455 (3d Cir. 1997), the Third Circuit held that " where a police officer makes an arrest on the basis of oral statements by fellow officers, an officer will be entitled to qualified immunity from liability in a civil rights suit for unlawful arrest provided it was objectively reasonable for him to believe, on the basis of the statements, that probable cause for the arrest existed." Rogers v. Powell, 120 F.3d 446, 455 (3d Cir. 1997).
Officer Brockway testified that he arrived at the scene after witnessing Officer Dewees attempting to detain Plaintiff. As he approached, he saw " an arm fly" from Plaintiff, at which time, he assisted Officer Dewees in grabbing Plaintiff's arm and holding it on the police vehicle. There is no indication that Officer Dewees made any statements to Officer Brockway about why Plaintiff was being detained or placed into custody. Thus, Officer Brockway's independent probable cause determination must have been based upon his own observations of the scene when he approached. Although Officer Brockway testified that he saw " an arm fly" from Plaintiff, which prompted him to assist Officer Dewees, Plaintiff testified that he never elbowed Officer Dewees or touched him. Under the circumstances, the basis of Officer Brockway's probable cause determination rests on a factual dispute and a credibility conflict. Viewing the facts in a light most favorable to Plaintiff, we are compelled to deny summary judgment on these claims.
B. Malicious Prosecution Claims
Defendants also move for summary judgment on Count Six of Plaintiff's Complaint, which alleges malicious prosecution under § 1983 and Pennsylvania state law. In order to state a claim for malicious prosecution under § 1983, a plaintiff must show that:
(1) the defendant initiated a criminal proceeding; (2) the criminal proceeding ended in his favor; (3) the defendant initiated the proceeding without probable cause; (4) the defendant acted maliciously or for a purpose other than bringing the plaintiff to justice; and (5) the plaintiff suffered deprivation of liberty consistent with the concept of seizure as a consequence of a legal proceeding.
Johnson v. Knorr, 477 F.3d 75, 82 (3d Cir. 2007). The requirements to prove a Pennsylvania state law cause of action for malicious prosecution are almost identical to the federal counterpart, except that a plaintiff need not prove a deprivation of liberty consistent with the concept of seizure. To succeed on a malicious prosecution claim under Pennsylvania law, a plaintiff must show that the defendant " (1) instituted proceedings against the plaintiff, (2) without probable cause, (3) with malice, and (4) that the proceedings were terminated in favor of the plaintiff." Corrigan v. Cent. Tax Bureau of Pa., Inc.,
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828 A.2d 502, 505 (Pa.Commw. Ct. 2003). Defendants do not dispute that Plaintiff was seized.
Officer Dewees argues that the malicious prosecution claims should be dismissed because he had probable cause to arrest Plaintiff. We have found with respect to the false arrest and false imprisonment claims that the determination of probable cause is subject to factual disputes and credibility conflicts. See supra at Section III.B.1. Officer Dewees asserts no other arguments in support of dismissing these claims. Accordingly, we will deny summary judgment as to Officer Dewees on Count Six.
Officer Brockway argues that he was entitled to reasonably rely upon the probable cause determination of Officer Dewees. As we stated above, factual disputes preclude us from finding as a matter of law that Officer Brockway had probable cause to assist Officer Dewees in the arrest of Plaintiff. See supra at Section III.B.II.
Officer Brockway also argues that the claim should be dismissed because it was Officer Dewees that initiated criminal proceedings against Plaintiff, and not him. There is no dispute that Officer Dewees prepared the Incident Report and the Criminal Complaint. As we stated in our July 8, 2013 Memorandum, a police officer may nevertheless be responsible for initiating criminal proceedings if he " knowingly provided false information to the prosecutor or otherwise interfered with the prosecutor's informed decision." (Court's Mem. Dismiss 7 (quoting Henderson v. City of Phila., 853 F.Supp.2d 514, 518 (E.D. Pa. 2012)); see also Marcia v. Micewski, No. 97-5379, at *27-28 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 24, 1998) (" An individual can be liable for malicious prosecution if he fails to disclose exculpatory evidence to prosecutors, makes false or misleading reports to the prosecutor, omits material information from the reports, or otherwise interferes with the prosecutor's ability to exercise independent judgment in deciding whether to prosecute." ) (citations omitted). There is no evidence in the record suggesting that Officer Brockway made false or misleading statements to prosecutors or otherwise interfered with the criminal proceedings against Plaintiff. Plaintiff does not even respond to this argument in his Opposition to Defendants' Motion. Accordingly, we will grant Officer Brockway summary judgment on the malicious prosecution claims.
C. Excessive Force and Assault and Battery Claims Against Officer Brockway
Officer Brockway moves for summary judgment on Counts One and Five of Plaintiff's Complaint, which allege claims of excessive force under § 1983 and assault and battery, respectively. (Defs.' Mot. 15-16.) Officer Dewees does not seek dismissal of these claims.
The Fourth Amendment prohibits the use of unreasonably excessive force when making an arrest. See Brower v. Cnty. of Inyo, 489 U.S. 593, 599, 109 S.Ct. 1378, 103 L.Ed.2d 628 (1989). Whether a police officer uses excessive force during the course of an arrest is determined using a reasonableness standard, " giving careful attention to the facts and circumstances of each particular case, and recognizing that the use of some coercion necessarily inheres in the officer's right to make such an investigatory stop or seizure." Nwegbo v. Colwyn Borough, No. 12-5063, at *26
Page 459
(E.D. Pa. July 3, 2013) (citing Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 396, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 104 L.Ed.2d 443 (1989)). To state a claim for excessive force under § 1983, Plaintiff must show that a seizure occurred and that it was unreasonable. Kopec v. Tate, 361 F.3d 772, 776 (3d Cir. 2004). Factors for the Court to consider when making this determination include the severity of the crime, whether the suspect posed an immediate threat to public safety, and whether the suspect was actively resisting or evading arrest. Woods v. Grant, 381 F.Appx. 144, 146 (3d Cir. 2010) (citing Graham, 490 U.S. at 396).
Plaintiff's assault and battery claims are state-law claims. Under Pennsylvania law, an assault is " an intentional attempt by force to do an injury to the person of another, and a battery is committed whenever the violence menaced in an assault is actually done, though in ever so small a degree, upon the person." Renk v. Borough of Pittsburgh, 537 Pa. 68, 641 A.2d 289, 293 (Pa. 1994) (quoting Cohen v. Lit Bros., 166 Pa.Super. 206, 70 A.2d 419, 421 (Pa. S.Ct. 1950)). A police officer is entitled to use reasonable force in making an arrest, and " [t]he reasonableness of the force used in making the arrest determines whether the police officer's conduct constitutes an assault and battery." Nwegbo, at *26 (citing Renk, 641 A.2d at 293). A police officer will become liable for assault and battery when the " force used in making an arrest is unnecessary or excessive." Renk, 641 A.2d at 293.
Officer Brockway argues that he cannot be liable for excessive force or assault and battery because Plaintiff fails to identify him as having committed any act against Plaintiff. In other words, Officer Brockway argues that his personal involvement in the seizure and arrest of Plaintiff was so minimal that it does not rise to the level of a constitutional or tort claim.
A defendant in a civil rights action " must have personal involvement in the alleged wrongs to be liable, and cannot be held responsible for a constitutional violation which he or she neither participated in nor approved." Pamplin v. Coulter, No. 10-227, at *13 (W.D. Pa. June 1, 2012) (quoting Baraka v. McGreevey, 481 F.3d 187, 210 (3d Cir. 2007)). Personal involvement can be demonstrated with evidence that the officer personally directed the alleged wrongs or had actual knowledge and acquiescence of the wrongs. Rode v. Dellarciprete, 845 F.2d 1195, 1207 (3d Cir. 1988).
There exists a dispute as to a genuine issue of material fact as it relates to Officer Brockway's involvement in the arrest of Plaintiff. Plaintiff contends that Officer Brockway and another police officer held his arms while Officer Dewees struck him repeatedly with the flashlight. However, during Plaintiff's deposition, he testified that he did not know the names of the officers who held his arms. Russell Blake also testified that one police officer held plaintiff while another officer struck Plaintiff with a flashlight, although Blake similarly did not know the names of the police officers. Officer Brockway stated that when he arrived at the scene, he saw " an arm fly" from Plaintiff, and that he assisted Officer Dewees by grabbing Plaintiff's arm and holding it to the vehicle. Officer Brockway further testified that this was the only time that he touched Plaintiff during the incident. Defendant contends that because neither Plaintiff nor Russell Blake were able to identify Officer Brockway by name, then Officer Brockway's testimony is undisputed. We disagree. The Criminal Complaint, which was prepared by Officer Dewees, states that " Officer
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Brockway and Officer Corangie came to my aid and a brief struggle ensued between us and [Plaintiff]," and that " [w]e attempted to take [Plaintiff] to the ground but he fought our attempts." (Criminal Compl. 6.) If we are to accept Plaintiff's testimony, which we must for purposes of this Motion, we are satisfied that a jury may find Officer Brockway's involvement in the arrest of Plaintiff unlawful. We will deny summary judgment on the excessive force claims.
D. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (IIED)
Defendants seek dismissal of Plaintiff's intentional infliction of emotional distress (" IIED" ) claim, arguing that Plaintiff has failed to present sufficient evidence demonstrating that he suffered from severe emotional distress. (Defs.' Mot. 16-17.) Defendants also argue that the facts, even when viewed in a light most favorable to Plaintiff, does not support a finding that Officers Dewees and Brockway engaged in extreme and outrageous conduct. ( Id. )
In order to prove a claim of IIED under Pennsylvania law, Plaintiff must show that: (1) the conduct was " extreme and outrageous" ; (2) the conduct was intentional or reckless; (3) the conduct caused emotional distress; and (4) the distress is severe. Dittrich v. Seeds, No. 04-1302, at *33 (E.D. Pa. Sept. 28, 2005) (citing Hoy v. Angelone, 456 Pa.Super. 596, 691 A.2d 476, 482 (Pa. S.Ct. 1997)). In order to sustain a claim for IIED, Pennsylvania courts require " competent medical evidence" showing that the plaintiff suffered emotional distress. Kazatsky v. King David Mem'l Park, Inc., 515 Pa. 183, 527 A.2d 988, 995 (Pa. 1987); see also Bougher v. Univ. of Pitt., 882 F.2d 74, 80 (3d Cir. 1989) (" Pennsylvania requires that competent medical evidence support a claim of alleged intentional infliction of emotional distress." ).
The only medical evidence in the record that supports a claim for IIED are statements Plaintiff made at his deposition. Specifically, Plaintiff stated that he saw a psychologist for three to four months after the incident to address trauma, his fear of flashlights, and his fear to be close to people. Aside from Plaintiff's uncorroborated deposition testimony, there is no other evidence in the record demonstrating that Plaintiff suffered extreme emotional distress as a result of the incident. At the very least, Plaintiff could have submitted a report or affidavit from Plaintiff's psychologist. He did not. In fact, Plaintiff does not even mention the treatment that he sought for emotional distress in his opposition to summary judgment. We are compelled to dismiss Plaintiff's IIED claim against both Officer Dewees and Officer Brockway. See Whitaker v. Firman, No. 12-224, at *17-18 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 20, 2013) (dismissing IIED claim on summary judgment where plaintiff failed to offer competent medical evidence in support of claim); Prater v. City of Phila., No. 11-1618, at *18-19 (E.D. Pa. Nov. 8, 2012) (dismissing the plaintiff's IIED claim on summary judgment where the record contained no evidence that plaintiff received medical treatment for emotional distress as a result of the incident).
E. Qualified Immunity
Finally, Officer Brockway argues that he is entitled to qualified immunity with respect to Plaintiff's Fourth Amendment claims. (Defs.' Mot. 18-20.)
The doctrine of qualified immunity shields police officers and other government officials " from liability for civil
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damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known." Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818, 102 S.Ct. 2727, 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982). As the Supreme Court has explained, " [q]ualified immunity balances two important interests--the need to hold public officials accountable when they exercise power irresponsibly and the need to shield officials from harassment, distraction, and liability when they perform their duties responsibly." Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 231, 129 S.Ct. 808, 172 L.Ed.2d 565 (2009). Whether a government official is entitled to qualified immunity is a question of law for the court to decide. Curley v. Klem, 499 F.3d 199, 211 (3d Cir. 2007). However, to the extent that resolving the question of whether qualified immunity applies depends upon disputed facts, " our precedent makes clear that such [factual] disputes must be resolved by a jury after a trial." Id. at 208.
" Summary judgment on qualified immunity is inappropriate if 'a reasonable jury could find that the unlawfulness of [defendants'] actions was so apparent that no reasonable [actor in defendants' position] could have believed his actions were lawful." Campbell v. City of Phila., No. 07-3226, 927 F.Supp.2d 148, at *44 (E.D. Pa. Feb. 26, 2013) (quoting Lee v. Mihalich, 847 F.2d 66, 69 (3d Cir. 1988).
The question of whether a reasonable jury could find that the unlawfulness of Officer Brockway's actions was so apparent that no reasonable police officer in Officer Brockway's position could have believed his actions were lawful depends on the resolution of disputed issues of fact. As set forth above, there is a genuine dispute as to whether Officer Brockway held and restrained Plaintiff in order to facilitate the beating of Plaintiff by Officer Dewees, or whether, as Officer Brockway contends, he merely placed his arm on the car vehicle. There is also a dispute as to whether there was probable cause to seize and arrest Plaintiff, and whether Officer Brockway had an independent basis for probable cause from his observations as he approached the scene. These disputed issues are more appropriately left for a jury to resolve. Accordingly, we deny Officer Brockway's request to dismiss Plaintiff's Fourth Amendment claims against him based on the doctrine of qualified immunity.
For the foregoing reasons, the Motion for Summary Judgment of Defendant, Officer David Brockway, and Motion for Partial Summary Judgment of Defendant, Officer Joshua Dewees is granted in part and denied in part. The Motion is granted with respect to the malicious prosecution claim against Defendant Brockway and the intentional infliction of emotional distress claim against Defendants Dewees and Brockway. The Motion is denied with respect to all other claims.
An appropriate Order follows.
AND NOW, this 9th day of October, 2013, upon consideration of the Motion for Summary Judgment of Defendant, Officer David Brockway, and Motion for Partial Summary Judgment of Defendant, Officer Joshua Dewees (ECF No. 33), it is ORDERED that the Motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part, as follows:
1. The Motion is GRANTED with respect to the malicious prosecution claim against Defendant Brockway. Count VI of Plaintiff's Complaint is DISMISSED against Defendant Brockway.
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2. The Motion is GRANTED with respect to the claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress. Count VII of Plaintiff's Complaint is DISMISSED against both Defendant Dewees and Defendant Brockway.
3. The Motion is DENIED in all other respects.
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Cockney, Sing-along and pub pianist
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My work as a musician has changed dramatically over the years as well as being hired, in my usual role, as a jazz/cocktail pianist, I am now being hired to play the piano for a sing-along knees up. This latest trend is something quite new for me and I am finding it to be a very interesting and a very enjoyable experience.
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Report: Cardinals' Yeremiah Bell, Darnell Dockett fined by NFL
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Cardinals head coach Bruce Arians also thought Bell's hit was by the book.
"It was everything that they just sent a video out, the league office, on how to do it right," Arians said on The Dan Bickley Show with Vince Marotta Monday on Arizona Sports 620. "And he did it right, and yet, they still make the call."
Not only did they make the call, which cost the Cardinals 15 yards on a drive that ended in a field goal for Tampa Bay, but Bell is also a little lighter in the wallet because of it.
Dockett was flagged for a horse collar tackle on Buccaneers' quarterback Mike Glennon in the third quarter and later for a taunting penalty.
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Topics include Rick Pitino, the Browns, and Jeff Fisher. It's sports news skewered
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