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Mkts resilient ahead of F&O settlement, breadth weak
24th February, 2009 21:24
It was a choppy start to the week on Dalal Street. The indices got off to a weak opening before recovering in late trade to close flat. The Nifty closed at 2,733 d
Ceat announces price cuts
24th February, 2009 20:30
Ceat Ltd has announced another round of reduction in the prices of its truck tyres, thus passing on to the customers the entire benefit of the 2% excise duty reduc
Experts cheer proposed Land Acquisition Bill
24th February, 2009 20:25
The new Land Acquisition Bill cleared by the group of ministers is likely to be tabled in the Parliament tomorrow. The bill provides for rehabilitation before disp
India needs bigger, better stimulus plans: Experts
24th February, 2009 20:15
Harsh Pati Singhania, President, FICCI and MD, JK Paper, said that government�s duty, tax cut is a step in the right direction but is not adequate because there is
Rupee has support at 49.50/49.60: Commtrendz Research
24th February, 2009 19:53
According to Commtrendz Research's report on Indian Rupee, Important supports now are at 49.50/49.60 followed by 49/49.10. Immediate resistance falls around 50/50.
Experts see monetary easing by RBI post fiscal stimulus 3.0
24th February, 2009 19:50
Climbing down from the pedestal of constitutional propriety, the government has announced another stimulus to the economy. With the government announcing the third
Short-term upward momentum in gold to continue: Ventura Sec
24th February, 2009 19:32
NS Ramaswamy, Head- Commodities, Ventura Securities is of the view that there is an opportunity to buy in gold because there is a big bullish candle that is being
Unsure of initial stimulus helping: Richard Burdekin
24th February, 2009 19:24
Richard Burdekin, Professor of Economics at Claremont McKenna College, said the stimulus packages are not too effective and there is an increasing number of econom
Cement sector not much impacted by excise duty cut
24th February, 2009 18:56
The government today announced reduction of excise duties and service tax by 2% to boost the ailing economy. Excise duty on bulk cement is cut to 8% or Rs 230/tonn
BO Report: Delhi-6 manages decent collections
24th February, 2009 18:40
Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra's Delhi-6 has managed to gross decent if not great collections in its opening weekend. With mixed reviews, this much anticipated film by Me
Buy Lanco Infratech, target of Rs 279: Angel Broking
24th February, 2009 17:53
Angel Broking has maintained its buy rating on Lanco Infratech with a target price of Rs 279. Total cost of setting up the power plant will be approximately Rs 8,5
Don�t rule out mkts testing new lows: Pranav Sec
24th February, 2009 17:27
Rajesh Jain of Pranav Securities said one should not expect a sustained committed buying to resume in India. �I would not expect the market to get past the 3,000 m
Govt's excise duty cut to be passed on: Shree Cement
24th February, 2009 17:16
The government today announced reduction of excise duties and service tax by 2% to boost the ailing economy. The general excise duty has been reduced from 10% to 8
Service tax cut will boost overall economy: Ultratech
24th February, 2009 17:10
KC Birla, CFO, Ultratech Cement said the service tax service is now par with the excise duty and these moves talk about rationalization of service tax and it is go
Tax cut to impact manufacturing, service cos: BMR Advisor
24th February, 2009 17:02
Malini Malikarjun, Partner, BMR Advisor, said the move will have a fairly large impact because other manufacturing companies and service companies are incurring se
Can play for 8-10% upside in OMC stocks: Sharekhan
24th February, 2009 16:59
Hemang Jani, Senior Vice President, Sharekhan, said the markets may not recede much from current levels and that he sees some stability going forward. Jani said oi
Fiscal consolidation in India to be delayed: S&P
24th February, 2009 16:52
Takahira Ogawa credit analyst at Standard & Poor's said that India's medium-term growth prospects are strong and fiscal consolidation could be delayed because of t
Banking stks will underperform: Sukhani
24th February, 2009 16:40
Technical Analyst, Sudarshan Sukhani is of the view that banking stocks will underperform and they could go much lower than we can imagine.
Govt may ask IIFCL to bailout power projects
24th February, 2009 16:24
The government may now step in to help the cash starved power sector companies. India Infrastructure Finance Company (IIFC) may be asked to finance the various pow
Buy Gujarat State Petronet, target of Rs 42: LKP Shares
24th February, 2009 16:15
LKP Shares has recommended a buy rating on Gujarat State Petronet with a price target of Rs 42. GSPL reported net sales of Rs 110.6 crore, up 6.2% yoy, Operating p
Sell ABB, target of Rs 386: IIFL
24th February, 2009 15:59
IIFL has maintained its sell rating on ABB with a target price of Rs 386. ABB India�s 4QCY08 net profit growth at 6.8% YoY was in line with estimate-much better th
See gold at Rs 18000/10gm by Dec-end: Experts
24th February, 2009 15:46
Jonathan Barratt of Commodity Broking said there is an investment demand that is fuelling the need to have gold, which is pushing gold higher. �We expect gold to t
Buy Nagarjuna Construction, target of Rs 96: Angel
24th February, 2009 15:40
Angel Broking has maintained its buy rating on Nagarjuna Construction with a target price of Rs 96. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has cancelled order worth Rs 1
Mkts end flat amid choppy trade, Nifty back above 2700
24th February, 2009 15:38
The benchmark indices closed flat ahead of F&O expiry on Thursday. Both indices had started on a weak note following weak global cues. In the second half, markets
Power Grid adds 42 lakh shares in OI
24th February, 2009 15:24
Short rollover continues around 45% on Nifty side. Power Grid is looking good with a build up of nearly 42 lakh shares in OI and the stock is up nearly 3% in the s
Mkt expects RBI to cut CRR or purchase bonds: PNB
24th February, 2009 15:18
Arun Kaul, Chief General Manager, Punjab National Bank, said the bond market expects some sort of support from RBI in terms of providing liquidity either by CRR cu
Mkts see-saw; metal, banking, Bharti under pressure
24th February, 2009 15:05
The benchmark indices are extremely volatile - both these indices are hovering around previous close. ONGC, NTPC, Infosys, Reliance Communication, Grasim, M&M, DLF
Larsen gets Rs 1438cr order; stk up
24th February, 2009 15:00
Larsen and Toubro had touched a 52-week low of Rs 605.10. At 2:57 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 626, up Rs 3.50, or 0.56%. The company has got order worth Rs 1,4
Buy Sunil Hitech, target of Rs 111: Angel Broking
24th February, 2009 14:57
Angel Broking has a buy recommendation on Sunil Hitech with target price of Rs 111. Sunil Hitech Engineers enjoys a strong order book position of Rs 1,298 crore or
Ranbaxy Laboratories moves up smartly
24th February, 2009 14:55
Ranbaxy Laboratories had touched an intraday high of Rs 214.80 and an intraday low of Rs 202. At 2:47 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 214.80, up Rs 8.10, or 3.92%.
European markets trading lower; CAC, DAX down
24th February, 2009 14:51
European markets were trading lower. CAC 40 fell 1.18% or 32.11 points at 2,695.76. DAX was down 1.50% or 59.17 points at 3,877.28. FTSE 100 shed 0.53% or 20.34 po
Fixing offer price for Satyam difficult: Experts
24th February, 2009 14:40
As pieces in the Satyam sale jigsaw slowly fall into place, the crucial question remains: what is the actual value of the company, all assets and potential liabili
Areva T&D loses further ground
24th February, 2009 14:35
Areva T&D had touched an intraday high of Rs 177 and an intraday low of Rs 166. At 2:25 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 169.55, down Rs 11.95, or 6.58%. It was tra
Mkts slip again on S&P's India outlook revision
24th February, 2009 14:25
The markets were about to move into positive territory but the news of S&P revised rating on India and weak European cues have pushed the benchmark indices down ag
Syndicate Bank tumbles 13.6%
24th February, 2009 14:15
Syndicate Bank had touched an intraday high of Rs 59.60 and an intraday low of Rs 52.75. At 2:06 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 53.05, down Rs 8.35, or 13.6%. It
Power Grid Corp bounces back
24th February, 2009 14:05
Power Grid Corp has bounced back. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 90.25 and an intraday low of Rs 84. At 1:55 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 89.95, up Rs 3.
Bajaj Hindusthan declines 8%
24th February, 2009 13:57
Bajaj Hindusthan had touched an intraday high of Rs 49.75 and an intraday low of Rs 45.25. At 1:48 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 46, down Rs 3.95, or 7.91%. It w
Angel Broking neutral on Glaxo Pharma
24th February, 2009 13:52
Angel Broking has maintained its neutral rating on Glaxo Pharmaceuticals. The company posted net sales of Rs 368.5 crore registering a yoy growth of 8.6%.
Mah and Mah top gainer on the Sensex
24th February, 2009 13:38
Mahindra and Mahindra is the top gainer on the Sensex. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 293.75 and an intraday low of Rs 271.50. At 1:31 pm, the share was quo
Sugar price could go up to Rs 28/kg post election: Tulsian
24th February, 2009 13:34
Sugar opened 3% lower in today's trade. The downside was evidently triggered by the government agreeing to impose a stock holding limit for sugar companies. CNBC-T
FIIs continue selling
24th February, 2009 13:33
FIIs seem to be continuing their sales. The Instanex FII Index is down 1.41% to 197.50 at 1 pm while the Instanex DII 15 Portfolio is down just 0.86%, Nifty has lo
Alstom Projects shoots up smartly
24th February, 2009 13:05
Alstom Projects had touched an intraday high of Rs 315.55 and an intraday low of Rs 292.80. At 12:56 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 315.30, up Rs 14.55, or 4.84%.
Do not invest in Satyam: Mohoni
24th February, 2009 12:47
Technical Analyst, Deepak Mohoni is of the view that one should not trade or invest in Satyam. The entire trading game is over with all the news flows having been
Rei Agro back on track
24th February, 2009 12:43
Rei Agro had touched an intraday high of Rs 50.95 and an intraday low of Rs 46.55. At 12:35 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 50.75, up Rs 2.75, or 5.73%. It was tra
GSS America makes smart gain
24th February, 2009 12:25
GSS America Infotech has gained today. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 117.35 and an intraday low of Rs 103. At 12:17 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 116.40,
No bidder has clear visibility on Satyam: Hinduja Group
24th February, 2009 12:20
Prabal Banerjee of Hinduja Group believes no bidder has clear visibility on Satyam's liabilities as ascribing value to the beleaguered tech major is tough till lia
Kilburn Engineering locked at 5% upper circuit
24th February, 2009 12:14
Kilburn Engineering is locked at 5% upper circuit. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 18.90 and an intraday low of Rs 18.50. At 12:01 pm, the share was quoting
HDFC top loser on Sensex
24th February, 2009 11:51
HDFC is the top loser on the Sensex. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 1,340 and an intraday low of Rs 1,280. At 11:43 am, the share was quoting at Rs 1,295.85
Block deal in Orissa Sponge Iron; stk up 5%
24th February, 2009 11:46
Orissa Sponge had touched an intraday high of Rs 268.70 and an intraday low of Rs 268.70. At 11:37 am, the share was quoting at Rs 268.70, up Rs 12.75, or 4.98%. T
Tata Steel melts down 4.5%
24th February, 2009 11:42
Tata Steel had touched an intraday high of Rs 166.90 and an intraday low of Rs 159.35. At 11:34 am, the share was quoting at Rs 160.50, down Rs 7.55, or 4.49%. It
SBI freezes new car loan rate at 10%; stk slips
24th February, 2009 11:35
SBI had touched an intraday high of Rs 1,033 and an intraday low of Rs 1,015.05. At 11:27 am, the share was quoting at Rs 1,028.55, down Rs 18.05, or 1.72%. The ba
Nifty March fut adds 27 lakh shares in OI
24th February, 2009 11:32
F&O turnover stood at Rs 12,000 crore, at 11:20 hours IST. Nifty futures added about 27 lakh shares in March series and 34 lakh shares in February. It sees a rollo
Asian markets slip; Shanghai Composite, Hang Seng down 3.5%
24th February, 2009 11:24
Asian markets were tarding lower. China's Shanghai Composite shed 3.43% or 79.03 points at 2,226.74. Hong Kong's Hang Seng fell 3.50% or 461.46 points at 12,713.64
Hindalco will go down further: Srivastava
24th February, 2009 11:19
Ajay Srivastava, Dimensions Consulting is of the view that Hindalco Industries will go down further.
Re-assessing Maytas Infra's assets must: Feedback Ventures
24th February, 2009 11:15
Vinayak Chatterjee, Chairman, Feedback Ventures, said new board of Maytas Infrastructure must re-assess inventory of assets, as inventory, valuation of assets and
Financial Tech buys back FCCBs worth $ 5.5mn; stk down
24th February, 2009 11:08
Financial Technologies had touched an intra day high of Rs 450.05 and an intra day low of Rs 438. At 10:59 am the share was quoting at Rs 440.75, down Rs 13.1, or
Indian GDRs: Sterlite down 3.6%, Ranbaxy up 3.5%
24th February, 2009 10:54
Indian GDRs: Sterlite fell 3.64% at USD 4.76, L&T plunged 3.50% at USD 12.40, Tata Comm shed 3.15% at USD 15.05, Tata Motors slipped 2.40% at USD 3.25 and ICICI Ba
Sell Crude MCX 1st Month Future at Rs 1958: Hem
24th February, 2009 10:46
Hem Securities has recommended to sell Crude MCX 1st Month Future at Rs 1958 with a stoploss of Rs 2000 and a target of Rs 1883.
Post risk aversion, see Re at 48.50 levels: StanChart
24th February, 2009 10:45
Commneting on the road ahead for rupee, Hemant Mishr, Head-Global Markets, Standard Chartered said the near-term level for rupee is around 51-52 per dollar and ris
FII Index witnesses heavy selling, down 1.96%
24th February, 2009 10:36
FIIs seem to have begun the trading day with sell orders and the Instanex FII Index is down 1.96% to 196.39. In comparison, the DII 15 Portfolio is down only 1.55%
Shree Renuka approves amalgamation; stk down
24th February, 2009 10:24
Shree Renuka Sugars had touched an intraday high of Rs 81.60 and an intraday low of Rs 78.75. At 10:15 am, the share was quoting at Rs 79.05, down Rs 3.4, or 4.12%
SAIL, Tata Steel likely to fall further: Bose
24th February, 2009 10:19
Technical Analyst, Rajat K Bose is of the view that SAIL, Tata Steel and Hindalco are likely to fall further. Metal stocks are not looking very bright as such. The
Dealers expect volatility ahead of expiry
24th February, 2009 10:10
Flows are muted with a negative bias in early trade. Bank continue to see negative flows at FII desk, wherein buy/sell ratio stands at 1:1.2. Dealers expect bargai
Buy USD at 49.80: Bonanza
24th February, 2009 10:04
Bonanza has recommended to buy USD at 49.80 with stoploss below 49.5875 and target of 50.30, 50.70, 51. "Short to medium term outlook for the Rupee continues to be
Balrampur Chini loses its sweetness
24th February, 2009 10:00
Balrampur Chini Mills had touched an intraday high of Rs 51.45 and an intraday low of Rs 48.55. At 10:03 am, the share was quoting at Rs 49, down Rs 3.95, or 7.46%
Nifty slips below 2700 on weak global cues
24th February, 2009 09:59
The benchmark indices have plunged further in the early trade on the back of sharp decline in the global markets. Selling pressure is seen in capital goods, realty
Nifty has support at 2680: Reliance Money
24th February, 2009 09:55
According to Reliance Money's Morning Notes, by the end we saw NIFTY closing the week just above its mentioned support range of 2680-2700 levels. Any close below t
Govt to draw up e-database of land titles
24th February, 2009 09:47
A grand project to update and digitise land records across the country, so that a registered property deed is conclusive proof of title and not merely a presumptio
Mkts overplaying doom, unlikely to hit Oct lows: Dimensions
24th February, 2009 09:43
Ajay Srivastava of Dimensions Consulting believes the Indian market doom is only an overplay of the actual situation, the situation is better than the indices potr
Below 2700, Nifty can test 2660/2570: FinQuest Securities
24th February, 2009 09:40
According to FinQuest Securities' report, below 2700, Nifty can test prior lows at 2660/2570.
Expect markets to open lower: Khandwala
24th February, 2009 09:35
According to Khandwala Securities' Market Preview report, the stocks seems in a break mode before they beging to make. Asian markets indices at five year lows and
Sensex may test 8630-8470: Angel
24th February, 2009 09:31
According to Angel Broking's Technical Analysis report, on the downside if the indices trades convincingly below 8762/2709 levels then it may test 8630-8470/2680�2
Nifty may correct up to 2701-2265: Angel
24th February, 2009 09:28
According to Angel Broking's Market Outlook report, if NIFTY trades below 2745 for the first half-an-hour of trade then it may correct up to 2701-2265.
Satyam will hold range of Rs 40-55
24th February, 2009 09:19
Depending upon the market Satyam might swing around a bit but in the run-up to the open offer, this stock will pretty much hold Rs 40-55 kind of range.
ABB fair value at Rs 350
24th February, 2009 09:15
L&T is available at 14 PE today so why one would buy ABB at a premium, a 10-15% premium to L&T in valuations with virtually no earnings per share growth in this ye
Infosys earmarks Rs 21 cr for new research venture
24th February, 2009 09:11
Infosys has set aside Rs 21 crore as corpus for the newly constituted Infosys Scientific Foundation. This is Infosys' two bits towards scientific research.
10-year yield may move 5-10 bps higher: Ramkumar
24th February, 2009 09:01
The outlook for the bond market remains negative and the huge auction today wil weigh on sentiment. The 10-year yield may move 5-10 bps higher from current levels,
See rupee in the range of 49.75-50.25: Verity Analytics
24th February, 2009 08:51
It is going to be another tricky session for the rupee with Rs 50 per dollar acting as key level. Event risks remain and the range for the next few days is seen b
Sandeep Nayak expects Nifty to expire at 2700-2750
24th February, 2009 08:44
Sandeep Nayak expects the Nifty to expire at 2700-2750 and aggressive short rollovers in large cap stocks and the Nifty.
Emerging mkts may test old lows : BoAML
24th February, 2009 08:42
EM equities are about 15% above their October lows. But the death spiral in US financials threatens to take EMs back to the old lows or lower till the US Treasury
Wait set to end for HCL Tech recruits
24th February, 2009 08:39
In what could end several months of uncertainty for the 1500-odd campus recruits selected by HCL Technologies in their penultimate year of college (in 2007), they
BHEL bags Rs 3,150-cr contract from Malwa thermal project
24th February, 2009 08:36
State-run equipment manufacturer Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) on Monday announced it has bagged a Rs 3,150-crore contract from Madhya Pradesh Power Generati
Stocks in news: Satyam, TTML, Sun Pharma, Rel Infra
24th February, 2009 08:35
Stocks in news: SEBI is going to insist on open offer by acquirer of Satyam and this move aimed at protecting small investors, SEBI sources said.
ICICI Bank to go slow on auto loans disbursal
24th February, 2009 08:30
ICICI Bank has said that it will go even slower in disbursing auto loans, unless there is clarity on the repossession norms for vehicles.
Asia to relatively perform better than West: Puru Saxena
24th February, 2009 08:28
Puru Saxena, CEO of Puru Saxena Wealth Management says that Asia is going to perform much better than the Western world on a relative basis as most of the Asian ma
Market cues: Total Futures Open Int down by Rs 378 cr
24th February, 2009 08:25
Market cues: Total Futures Open Int down by Rs 378 crore, Total Options Open Int up by Rs 1082 crore.
Near-term range for crude seen between $36-40/bbl
24th February, 2009 08:17
NYMEX Crude April declined by $1.60 to a below $39 a barrel on weak demand concerns and decline in equity markets. OPEC, US Energy Deptartment and IEA cut
Indian ADRs: HDFC Bank 4.3%, Tata Comm slips 3.6%
24th February, 2009 08:13
Indian ADRs: HDFC Bank, Tata Comm, Sterlite, Tata Motors, ICICI Bank, Wipro and Infosys plunged.
Dow at 11-yr low; US has moved into depression, says Guppy
24th February, 2009 08:10
Wall Street's woes continued unabated as US market slid to their lowest close in 11 years on Tuesday despite a rally in stocks of the financial sector. �This [brea
Asia trading weak; Nikkei slips 2.6%
24th February, 2009 08:05
Asian markets were trading weak. China's Shanghai Composite slipped 1.16% or 26.77 pints at 2,279. Hong Kong's Hang Seng plunged 3.10% or 108.77 points at 12,766.3
Crude at $39.13/bbl
24th February, 2009 08:02
Crude fell marginally as investors were worried about the weak economy. Also, the Wall Street declined to lowest in 12 years. Speculation that demand will decline
S&P's rating process needs to be reviewed: FICCI
24th February, 2009 21:15
Harsh Pati Singhania, President, FICCI and MD, JK Paper, said the rating by S&P would have a slight impact. �It might affect the cost of borrowing overseas. But fu
Sebi relaxes preference issue guidelines for govt-run cos
24th February, 2009 20:29
The Securities and Exchange Board of India has relaxed preference issue guidelines for companies taken over by government agencies. Preference issue guidelines rel
Apollo Tyres slashes excise duty
24th February, 2009 20:20
Apollo Tyres Ltd decided to pass on the benefits of the lower excise duty to its customers with effect from the midnight of February 25, 2009. This lowering of pri
US markets open higher; Dow up 57 points
24th February, 2009 20:09
US markets have opened higher. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is up 56.95 points or 0.80% to 7,171.73. The Nasdaq up 14.69 points or 1.06% to 1,402.41 and S&P 50
Analysing eco report card of the UPA Govt: Legacy & beyond
24th February, 2009 19:51
In the last episode of the Legacy & The Road Ahead we discuss and analyse the economic report card of the UPA Government during its tenure.
Govt's duty cuts to boost demand: Grasim
24th February, 2009 19:40
Excise, tax cut to reduce cost by 2%: GMR
24th February, 2009 19:30
Sell Copper (Feb) below Rs 156: Anagram
24th February, 2009 19:01
Anagram Research has recommended to sell Copper (February) below Rs 156 with a stoploss of Rs 159.
Buy Dwarikesh Sugar, target of Rs 75: LKP Shares
24th February, 2009 18:47
LKP Shares has recommended a buy rating on Dwarikesh Sugar Industries with a price target of Rs 75. Q1-FY�09 has witnessed a smart profitability from the co-genera
DLF cuts prices; Puravankara, Sobha may follow suit: Karvy
24th February, 2009 18:00
According to Karvy Stock Broking's report on Real Estate sector, the country's largest real estate developer DLF has cut the prices of its new launched projects b
Auto sector cheers excise duty, service tax cut
24th February, 2009 17:34
The government today announced reduction of excise duties and service tax by 2% to boost the ailing economy, while the general excise duty has been reduced from 10
Rupee ends lower, bonds higher
24th February, 2009 17:19
The spot rupee ended lower at Rs 49.84 per USD as against its previous close of Rs 49.74.
Skindia GDR Index fell -1.78% to 1064.88
24th February, 2009 17:13
The Skindia GDR Index fell -1.78% to 1064.88 at 3:30 pm IST over the previous day�s 3:30 pm IST Index. The Top DR losers were: Sterlite Inds (3.64%), Tata Motors (
Eco Affairs Secy says duty cut to impact state's coffers
24th February, 2009 17:07
Govt ups resettlement compensation to 60% from 30%
24th February, 2009 17:00
The Land Acquisition Policy was enacted to ensure greater safety to people displaced as a result of these projects. This has been cleared by the Cabinet. But there
FIIs continue selling, index down 0.65%
24th February, 2009 16:53
FIIs seem to be continued their sales today and DIIs appeared to have bought. At close, the Instanex FII Index was down 0.65% to 199.01 while the Instanex DII 15 P
More correction left in sugar stocks: Sukhani
24th February, 2009 16:45
Technical Analyst, Sudarshan Sukhani is of the view that there is a more correction left in sugar stocks.
DLF to buy Laing O�rouke�s 50% stake in JV
24th February, 2009 16:32
DLF is likely to buy 50% held by Laing O�rouke, one of its joint venture partners. According to CNBC-TV18�s Nayantara Rai, DLF no longer wants to foray into infras
Indowind Energy eyes about Rs 12-14cr PAT by June 09
24th February, 2009 16:17
KV Bala, Chairman, Indowind Energy, is targeting around Rs 12-14 crore PAT for year ending June 2009.
Bond prices weakest since Dec '08
24th February, 2009 16:14
Money markets have no resilience at all and are seeing severe losses. This is the weakest bond market prices seen since December 2008, which means two-and-a half-m
Buy Power Grid on declines: Gujral
24th February, 2009 15:56
Technical Analyst, Ashwani Gujral is of the view that one can buy Power Grid Corporation on declines with stoploss of Rs 80-82 for an upside to Rs 105-120.
Gold glitters now, then, forever
Gold is considered as a recession proof asset class. It has a report card of 2,000 years of strength and has been on a rise since 2001. It gained 6% in 2008 as com
See Cognizant margins at 19-20%: Expert
Cognizant has pegged its margins at a much lower rate of 19�20% compared to all of its other peers.
Nifty 2700 put active in Mar series, adds 6 lakh shares
24th February, 2009 15:37
In the March series, 2,700 put has been extremely active and added about six lakh shares in open interest. Today 2,400 and 2,200 continue to remain active in trade
Sell Tata Communications, target of Rs 360: IIFL
24th February, 2009 15:21
IIFL has recommended a sell rating on Tata Communications with a target price of Rs 360. Tata Communications declared consolidated results for 3QFY09 revenues in l
Govt cuts excise duty, service tax to boost ailing sectors
In order to help industry cope under the pressure of the economic slowdown, the Finance Minister, Pranab Mukherjee announced several relief measures in excise duty
Grasim Ind among major gainers
24th February, 2009 15:02
Grasim Industries is among major gainers on the Sensex. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 1,401 and an intraday low of Rs 1,302. At 2:54 pm, the share was quot
Cipla files case against GSK on Tykerb patent
24th February, 2009 14:58
Cipla has filed a post grant opposition against Tykerb patent of GSK Pharma on grounds of obviousness and lack of inventiveness. Tykerb (lapatinib), is a kinase in
Asian markets end lower; Shanghai down 4.56%
24th February, 2009 14:56
Asian markets ended lower. China's Shanghai Composite declined 4.56% or 105.123 points at 2,200.654. Hong Kong's Hang Seng fell 2.86% or 376.58 points at 12,798.52
NTPC adds 63 lakh shares in OI
24th February, 2009 14:53
Marketwide rollover stood at 36%. Nifty futures has seen a rollover of 43% and stocks futures rollover at 36%. Nifty futures added about 98.5 lakh shares in open i
European markets trading lower
FIIs selling, DIIs buying
24th February, 2009 14:38
FIIs seem to be continuing their sales and DIIs appear to be buying. At 2pm, the Instanex FII Index is down 1.01% to 198.30 while the DII 15 Portfolio is down just
Slumdog is tax-free in Delhi, Maharashtra
24th February, 2009 14:29
The film has swept the 2009 Oscars with eight awards. Slumdog Millionaire that won eight Academy Awards has been made tax-free in Maharashtra, an official said Mon
Aurobindo Pharma recovers sharply
24th February, 2009 14:24
Aurobindo Pharma had touched an intraday high of Rs 152.65 and an intraday low of Rs 140.05. At 2:15 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 150.50, up Rs 6.70, or 4.66%.
ICICI Venture to explore options of taking over Subhiksha
24th February, 2009 14:14
Renuka Ramnath, MD and CEO, ICICI Venture, said it would explore options of taking over Subhiksha if there was support from investors and other stakeholders.
S&P revises India outlook to negative from stable
24th February, 2009 14:00
The Standard & Poor's Ratings Services (S&P) has revised the outlook on the long-term sovereign credit rating on the Republic of India to negative from stable and
Mkts choppy; ONGC, NTPC, R-Comm, ICICI Bk, L&T up
The benchmark indices have shown smart recovery in the second half and are trading marginally lower with some volatility. ONGC, NTPC, Reliance Communication, HUL,
Maytas' assets need to be re-valued: Feedback Ventures
24th February, 2009 13:50
On Tuesday, Satyam-tainted company Maytas Infrastructure touched lower circuit today. Vinayak Chatterjee of Feedback Ventures said the new board of Maytas Infra mu
Jai Balaji Group eyes Rs 2500cr sales in FY10
24th February, 2009 13:35
Aditya Jajodia, CMD, Jai Balaji Group, sees FY10 sales at Rs 2,500 crore provided the markets remain conservative. He feels the company will post substantial profi
US fin stocks to see downside in near-term: Patrick Shum
Patrick Shum, Chief Strategist at Karl-Thomson Securities, said it is a crisis of confidence in the US with regard to the banking sector. In the near-term, Shum fe
Don't see sugar output above 16 MT in 2008-09: SP Tulsian
SP Tulsian of sptulsian.com doesn't see sugar production more than 16 million tonne in 2008-09.
Mkts trading lower amid choppiness; bank, IT, metals slip
24th February, 2009 12:50
The benchmark indices are witnessing some selling pressure amid choppy trade, as downtrend continues in banking, technology, metal, realty and select oil & gas sto
See Re rangebound between 48-50.50/$: Experts
Commneting on the road ahead for rupee, Hemant Mishr of Standard Chartered said the near-term level for rupee is 51-52 per dollar and risk aversion will continue i
Educomp Solutions continues to fall
24th February, 2009 12:33
Educomp Solutions had touched an intraday high of Rs 1,725 and an intraday low of Rs 1,536.10. At 12:25 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 1,615, down Rs 156.85, or 8
Jaiprakash Associates loses further ground
24th February, 2009 12:21
Jaiprakash Associates has continued to down. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 66 and an intraday low of Rs 63.70. At 12:13 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 64.
Dow breakdown signals move into depression: Daryl Guppy
24th February, 2009 12:17
Tuesday saw a huge big breakdown in global markets. The Dow has plunged to 12-year lows and S&P has also broken 750, which was its November low. "This qualifies as
SAIL among major losers
24th February, 2009 12:11
SAIL is among major losers on the Nifty. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 78 and an intraday low of Rs 75.35. At 12:11 pm, the share was quoting at Rs 75.85,
Mkts southbound amid volatility; O&G, financials weak
24th February, 2009 11:49
The markets are trading lower despite showing recovery from the lows of the day. There is a bit of volatility in the benchmark indices ahead of F&O expiry. The Nif
See no chance of any ownership change: Kohinoor Foods
24th February, 2009 11:43
Recently, there was a lot of controversy with Temptation Foods saying it has acquired large chunk of Kohinoor Foods, which was not the case. Clarifying the situati
Limited downside in Satyam: Tulsian
24th February, 2009 11:39
Investment Advisor SP Tulsian is of the view that there is a limited downside in Satyam Computer Services. On the downside there is minimum risk but on the upside
Buy United Spirits: Srivastava
Ajay Srivastava, Dimensions Consulting is of the view that one can buy United Spirits.
Bharti AXA Regular Return Fund extends NFO period
Bharti AXA Mutual Fund has extended the NFO period of Bharti AXA Regular Return Fund till February 26, 2009.
HDFC Securities neutral on Mercator Lines
HDFC Securities has maintained its neutral rating on Mercator Lines. MLL�s results were as per expectations and most of the fleet is on long term charter.
Oscar win opens doors for Indian cinema
It was an incredible night at the Oscars gala in Los Angeles. Slumdog Millionaire swept eight of the most coveted honours at the Academy Awards 2009 on February 22
HDFC MF declares dividend in three schemes
24th February, 2009 11:11
HDFC Mutual Fund has announced dividends in its three schemes - HDFC Growth Fund, HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund and HDFC Balanced Fund, for which the record date h
PNB top loser on the Nifty
24th February, 2009 11:04
PNB is the top loser on the Nifty. It had touched an intraday high of Rs 358 and an intraday low of Rs 338.25. At 11:04 am, the share was quoting at Rs 344.55, dow
Mkts under pressure; realty, bank, metal, O&G, IT dip
24th February, 2009 10:48
The benchmark indices continue to witness sell-off for the second day in a row on weak global cues. All sectoral indices are trading in red, especially realty, ban
RIL to acquire oil storages in US; stk slips
Reliance Industries, RIL had touched an intraday high of Rs 1,240 and an intraday low of Rs 1,201.10. At 10:37 am, the share was quoting at Rs 1,205.00, down Rs 48
Income Funds - Ideal choice for volatile times?
Income funds in recent times yielded better returns than Bank FDs. But, will these funds continue to give such returns in future too?
Expect further fall in Educomp Solutions: Bose
24th February, 2009 10:33
Technical Analyst, Rajat K Bose is of the view that there is further fall ahead in Educomp Solutions. It has started rising from above Rs 1,500 levels and then wen
Citi in talks with US govt to up stake
24th February, 2009 10:21
In November 2008, the US government had announced a USD 20 billion to bailout a cash strapped Citigroup in a move to guarantee troubled Citi�s asset. Many experts
Reliance Infra buyback to open today; stk slips
24th February, 2009 10:12
Reliance Infrastructure had touched an intraday high of Rs 484 and an intraday low of Rs 475. At 10:04 am the share was quoting at Rs 475.95, down Rs 15.35, or 3.1
Buy Gold April at around Rs 15500-15560: Bonanza
24th February, 2009 10:09
Bonanza has recommended to buy Gold April at around Rs 15500-15560 with stoploss below Rs 15470 and target of Rs 15750-15820.
Balrampur Chini has support at Rs 45-46: Bose
Technical Analyst, Rajat K Bose is of the view that Balrampur Chini Mills has support at Rs 45-46.
BGR Energy bags $8.57 mn contracts; stk up 4.7%
BGR Energy Systems had touched an intraday high of Rs 146.70 and an intraday low of Rs 137.05. At 09:59 am, the share was quoting at Rs 143.00, up Rs 6.45, or 4.72
Sun-Taro merger to benfit both companies: PharmAsiaNews
24th February, 2009 09:57
Vikas Dandekar of pharmasianews.com said, the chairmen of both Taro and Sun Pharma have agreed to meet as part of the mediation process as ordered by the Israeli S
Take short positions at 2666 Nifty: Rajat Bose
Rajat Bose of rajatkbose.com said if the Nifty were to crawl back above 2,700, but if it fails to get past 2,733, then it opens up a short position there, or if it
Nifty has support at 2730-2690: Nirmal Bang
24th February, 2009 09:44
According to Nirmal Bang's report, on the downside support exist at 2730-2690.
HCL Tech, Rel Cap, L&T slip below Oct-Nov lows
The markets are under pressure. On analysing the Nifty 50 stocks since their October-November intraday lows, it suggests that 5 stocks out of Nifty 50 are trading
Expect negative opening: ICICIdirect.com
24th February, 2009 09:36
According to ICICIdirect.com's report, Indian markets are likely to open negative, taking cues from global markets.
Approach market with buying kind of perspective
24th February, 2009 09:33
One may approach the market with a buying kind of a perspective but just need to keep things in the right context as well, just timing their trade a bit well becau
Nifty Feb 2700 Call adds 15.3 lakh shares in OI
24th February, 2009 09:30
FIIs were net sellers to the tune of Rs 914.5 crore in Nifty futures while they net buyers of Rs 721 crore in Nifty options and net bought Rs 224 crore in Stock fu
Fear of Indian mkt hitting Oct lows ahead
24th February, 2009 09:21
Dow has plunged to 12-year lows and is now near 7,100. It has been cruising through supports and multi-year lows. The Indian markets, it appears, will get dented t
Expect flat to negative opening: Karvy
24th February, 2009 09:17
According to Karvy Stock Broking's Technical Analysis report, Domestic markets are likely to open on a flat to negative note following the negative global indices.
Nifty's support at 2660 likely to be violated: Anagram
24th February, 2009 09:12
According to Anagram Research's report, Nifty's support at 2660 is likely to be violated as 2700 Puts written earlier begin to unwind.
Expect stocks to fall today: Mohoni
24th February, 2009 09:05
European markets fell last night, and the US indices tumbled heavily. The Dow fell to a 11-year low. Asian markets are also down this morning, and the global short
Rupee opens at Rs 49.84 per dollar
24th February, 2009 09:00
The Indian Rupee opened at Rs 49.84 per dollar versus Rs 49.74 Friday.
Circuit filters change on BSE
24th February, 2009 08:50
The circuit filters has been changed from their existing levels in Gujarat Cotex, Jindal Online.com and Glory Polyfilms with effect from February 24, 2009.
Support for Nifty at 2662: Gaba
24th February, 2009 08:43
The supports for Sensex are at 8631 and resistance to the up move is at 9229-9789. The supports foe Nifty on the way down are at 2662 and resistances on the way up
Support for Sensex at 8630: Gaba
The support for the Sensex is 8630 and the resistance to the up move is at 8977.
Nifty has support at 2650-2680: Gujral
24th February, 2009 08:37
Market will have a gap down opening on account of weak global cues. Support are at 2650-2680 and resistance at 2800-2830.
Sensex has support at 8631: Vasudeo
Next important support is at 8631 and if it is not violated then expect range bound pull-back rally within the band of 9725-8641.
39 foreign Net phone firms under DoT scanner
24th February, 2009 08:33
The Department of Telecom has issued orders to block Internet telephony services being offered by around 39 foreign firms in the country.
Nifty likely to witness range of 2785-2650: Bhambwani
24th February, 2009 08:29
The coming session is likely to witness a range of 2785 on advances and 2650 on declines. Traders may note the declining daily range. The bullish pivot for the ses
F&O cues: Nifty Rollover at 40%
24th February, 2009 08:27
F&O cues: Nifty Rollover at 40% versus 29% one day ago. Market wide Roll over at 29% versus 23.6% one day before.
FIIs net sell nearly Rs 1750 crore last week
24th February, 2009 08:21
FIIs were net sellers to the tune of Rs 201 crore and they had sold nearly Rs 1,750 crore last week in the cash market (provisional figures).
Hind Zinc silver output to touch 100 tonnes this fiscal
24th February, 2009 08:15
Silver production in Hindustan Zinc is likely to touch 500 tonnes by 2013 with the expansion of Sindesar Khurd mine in Rajasthan. The company produced 70 tonnes of
Mixed trend in rubber
The physical rubber prices showed a mixed trend on Monday. The gainers of the day were ungraded rubber and RSS 5 which improved by 50 paise on scattered transactio
S&P 500 closes below Nov closing lows
S&P 500 closed below November closing lows ahead of Bank Stress Test tomorrow. There are reports that AIG held talks with Fed over another bailout. Market is feari
Sun-Taro may finally agree to a compromise soon
According to globes report, Sun Pharma Chairman, Dilip Sanghvi and Taro CEO, Barrie Levitt met last week on possible compromise formula to acquire Taro. Vikas Dand
BSE shareholders approve 12:1 bonus shares in EGM
24th February, 2009 07:20
The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) shareholders have approved in its Extra Ordinary General Meeting (EGM) held on February 20, 2009, issue of Equity Shares by way of
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Mar 18, 2008
|Filing date
|May 22, 2003
|Priority date
|May 24, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Dashan Qin, Jan Blochwitz-Nimoth, Xiang Zhou, Martin Pfeiffer
|Original Assignee
|Dashan Qin, Jan Blochwitz-Nimoth, Xiang Zhou, Martin Pfeiffer
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (21), Non-Patent Citations (27), Referenced by (50), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a submission pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 154(d)(4) to enter the national stage under 35 U.S.C. 371 for PCT/DE2003/01659, filed May 22, 2003. Priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. 119(a) and 35 U.S.C. 365(b) to German Patent Application No. 102 24 021.3, filed May 24, 2002.
The invention relates to a phosphorescent light emitting component with organic layers, in particular an organic light emitting diode (OLED) with increased current and quantum efficiency as a result of a novel structure of the emission zone according to the preambles of claims 1 and 2.
Since the demonstration of low operating voltages by Tang et al. 1987 (C. W. Tang et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 (1987) 913), organic light emitting diodes have been promising candidates for realizing large area displays. They comprise a sequence of thin (typically 1 nm to 1 μm) layers made of organic materials which are preferably vapor deposited in vacuo (small molecule OLEDs) or applied from the solution e.g. by spin-on (polymeric OLEDs=PLEDs). After electrical contact connection by metal layers, organic thin films form diverse electronic or optoelectronic components, such as e.g. diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes and transistors, whose properties compete with those of the established components based on inorganic layers. The contacts of light emitting components are typically a transparent contact (e.g. indium tin oxide—ITO as anode) and a metallic contact with a low work function as cathode. Further OLEDs are semitransparent (thin metal contact—ITO structure) and others are fully transparent, (both contacts ITO). In order that light can be emitted from the active zone in the component (the emission zone or the emission layer or layer sequence) charge carriers have to be injected into the component and transported within the organic layers. By means of an applied voltage, holes are injected from the anode into an organic material with better hole conductivity (hole transport material) and electrons are injected from the cathode into an electron conducting material. The charge carriers meet in the emission zone, where they recombine and form excitons. The latter decay later accompanied by light emission or release of their energy to the molecules.
The advantages of such an LED based on organic molecules compared with the inorganic LEDs that have been known for a long time are the possibilities of applying organic materials to large, potentially flexible areas. Very large displays can be produced as a result. Moreover, the organic materials are relatively inexpensive in terms of their production and the production of the organic layers. Since they have a low refractive index, moreover, the light generated can be coupled out in a simple manner (with high efficiency).
The normal structure of an OLED contains some or all of the following organic layers (cf.
This is the most general case; usually some layers are omitted (apart from 2., 5. and 8.), or else one layer combines a plurality of properties in itself. In the components described above, the light leaves the OLED through the transparent base electrode. Other structures have been demonstrated in which the layer structure is inverted (anode at the top, light emission through cathode and substrate) (G. Gu, V. Bulovic, P. E. Burrows, S. R. Forrest, Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, 2606 (1996), U.S. Pat. No. 5,703,436 (S. R. Forrest et al.), filed on Mar. 6, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,757,026 (S. R. Forrest et al.), filed on Apr. 15, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,474 (M. Arai) filed on Oct. 24, 1997) or through anode and cathode.
As in the case of Egusa et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,698, filed on Feb. 12, 1991) and Pfeiffer et al. (Patent Application DE 100 58 578.7, filed on Nov. 25, 2000), the charge transport layers (3 and 4, and 6 and 7) may be doped in order to increase their conductivity. In order that the current and quantum efficiencies are then kept high (current efficiency=light emission per current−cd/A−quantum efficiency=emitted photons per injected charge carrier), blocking layers (4 a, 6 a) are required. The latter prevent formation of excitons (Patent Application No. DE 100 58 578.7). These blocking layers have two important tasks to fulfill:
In the simplest case, the emission zone (5) comprises only one layer (Tang et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,429, 1982, C. W. Tang et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 (1987) 913). This layer then combines electron and hole transport, exciton formation and decay. These diverse requirements make it difficult to find suitable materials for optimizing the efficiency. By way of example, the standard emitter material Alq3 (aluminum-tris-quinolate, HOMO=−5.7 eV, LUMO=−2.9 eV) is a relatively good electron transporter. It has a large Stokes shift (emission red shifted with respect to the absorption, therefore no reabsorption), but a poor hole conductivity. Therefore, in a component with Alq3 as emitter material the exciton formation takes place near the interface with the hole transport layer (4 or 4 a). The selection of this interface is then extremely important for the efficiency of the OLED. This is the reason why the effect of the interface recombination is more important for OLEDs than for inorganic LEDs: since the charge carrier transport in organic layers is often limited to one type of charge carrier and the charge carriers on the organic molecules are localized to a greater extent than in the inorganic case, the recombination zone (where there is a large overlap between the charge carrier densities of both types of charge carrier) is usually near to an internal interface where charge carriers are blocked.
In all organic materials, the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (the proportion of excitons that recombine radioactively) is limited by so-called "aggregate quenching", the reduced efficiency of the light emission if the molecules are present in closely packed fashion. The photoluminescence quantum efficiency of a pure Alq3 layer is therefore between 10 and 25% (C. W. Tang et al. J. Appl. Phys. 65 (1989) 3610; H. Mattoussi et al. J. Appl. Phys. 86 (1999) 2642), lower than for Alq3 in the solution (>50%).
Therefore, an additional emitter molecule is often admixed with the emission zone (often also referred to as doping in the literature, but should be differentiated from the abovementioned doping for increasing the conductivity) (Tang et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,292, 1988, C. W. Tang et al. J. Appl. Phys. 65 (1989) 3610). This has the advantage that the emitter is no longer present in concentrated fashion and has a higher quantum efficiency of the light emission. Photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 100% are observed (H. Mattoussi et al. J. Appl. Phys. 86 (1999) 2642). The emitter dopants do not participate in the charge carrier transport. The exciton formation on the emitter dopants can take place in two ways:
In this way, the current and quantum efficiencies of an OLED can be increased, from e.g. typically 5 cd/A for OLEDs with pure Alq3 as emitter up to 10 cd/A (J. Blochwitz et al. Synth. Met. 127 (2002) 169) with an emitter dopant that emits from singlet exciton states (e.g. a quinacridone or a laser dye, such as coumarin, e.g. coumarin6 HOMO=−5.4 eV, LUMO=−2.7 eV. The concentration is typically 1 mol %. For abovementioned singlet excitons which have a spin of 0 and are formed in the event of bipolar charge carrier injection only to approximately 25%, the transfer of energy takes place via a so-called thirster process. The range of this process approximately corresponds to the doping concentration of 1%.
A further way of increasing the efficiency of the OLEDs is the admixture of molecules that are able to emit triplet states (exciton spin=1) (molecules with strong spin orbit coupling) (Thompson et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,303,238B1, 1997). These are formed with a probability of approximately 75%. Therefore, theoretically 100% internal efficiency of the OLED is possible for the specific materials that mix singlet and triplet states (T. Tsutsui et at. Jpn. J. Appl. PhysB 38 (1999) L1502; C. Adachi et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000), 904). However, triplet excitons on organic molecules have some disadvantageous compared with singlet excitons:
The significance of blocking layers for the efficiency of triplet OLEDs was shown by Adachi et al. and Ikai et al. (C. Adachi et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000), 904) and M. Ikai et al. (M. Ikai et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2001), 156). The former showed that exciton "confinement" of the excitons in the emission zone (as a result of larger band gaps of the surrounding layers) can lead to a very high quantum efficiency even when the emission zone has a small thickness (up to 2.5 nm thin). Without exciton blocking, the efficiency was drastically reduced in the case of such small thicknesses. When the emission layer has a small thickness, however, triplet-triplet annihilation plays a greater part and minimizes the efficiency at high current densities. The second group (Ikai et al.) used a hole transporting host material for the triplet emitter dopant Ir(ppy)3 as guest molecule (Ir(ppy)3-fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine, HOMO=−5.2 . . . −5.6 eV, LUMO=−2.8 . . . −3.0 eV—best known triplet emitter for the green spectral range). Moreover, they used a very efficient exciton and hole blocker (high band gap and low HOMO). That permitted extremely high quantum efficiencies up to almost the theoretical limit of 20% (limit estimated from simple geometrical optics calculations via the coupling-out behavior of the light, wave guiding effects are disregarded).
Internally, then, a 100% quantum efficiency appears to be present, although only for small current densities. The selection of the suitable blocking layer material is crucial for this component. On account of this complexity, it will be difficult to find an equally matching blocking layer material for different emitter systems than Ir(ppy)3 and different host materials than TCTA (tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine, HOMO=−5.9 eV, LUMO=−2.7 eV). The blocking layer material used (a "starburst"-like perfluorinated phenylene) combines an extremely low HOMO position with an extremely large band gap (more than 4 eV). This large band gap also has the disadvantage that electrons can no longer be injected so well from the electron transport layer (LUMO approximately −3 eV) into the blocking layer (LUMO −2.6 eV, barrier 0.4 eV). A stepwise injection of electrons into the light emitting layer (5) would be better for a low operating voltage of the OLED. That has been shown for the hole injection from ITO into the hole transport material (e.g. in MTDATA, a starburst distributor, HOMO=−5.1 eV, LUMO=−1.9 eV via injection layer, e.g. a phthalocyanine ZnPc, HOMO=−5.0 eV, LUMO=−3.4 eV, e.g. D. Ammermann et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Pt. 1, 34 (1995) 1293). However, for a stepwise electron injection from the electron transport layer (6) into the emitter layer (5) via the blocking layer (6 a), the 6 a/5 interface becomes more significant because an increased density of electrons and holes can then be recorded there.
One approach for avoiding the problem of triplet emitters at high current densities is the use of sensitized fluorescence, with a phosphorescent sensitizer (M. A. Baldo et al. Nature 403 (2000), 750; B. W. D'Andrade et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2001) 1045, Forrest et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,310,360B1, 1999). In this case, the light emission comes from the fluorescence of the singlet excitons of a suitable singlet emitter dopant. However, the triplet states on the host material are transferred to the singlet emitter dopant via an additional phosphorescent sensitizer dopant (there mixture of triplet and singlet states). In principle, a 100% internal quantum efficiency is also possible with this approach. The advantages of singlet emission can then be utilized at higher current densities. The implementation of this approach has not yet led to outstanding results, probably owing to the complicated interaction of the three molecules involved.
A further approach for increasing the efficiency of triplet OLEDs is known from Hu et al. (W. Hu et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000) 4271). It uses, for a red emitting OLED with a pure layer as emitter layer (5, europium complex Eu(DBM)3TPPO), a hole blocking layer for "exciton confinement", as described above. Owing to the long life-time of the triplet excitons, the annihilation of the latter by free holes is an important process. Therefore, Wu et al. presented an OLED with a multilayer structure of the emission zone (5). The emissions zone comprises a plurality (n times) of small units comprising the emitter itself and the blocking layer material BCP (bathocuproine): {BCP 2.5 nm/Eu(DBM)3TPPO 2.5 nm}η. A doubled efficiency was ascertained, although in conjunction with an increased operating voltage. The interfaces between the two semiconductors in this case are of the type I ("type I heterojunction", see
In a typical OLED, as illustrated in
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to propose a component structure in which all triplet excitons generated are able to effect light emission, or all charge carriers in the component recombine beforehand to form triplet excitons.
According to the invention, the object is achieved by means of the features mentioned in claims 1 and 2. Subclaims relate to advantageous refinements.
According to the invention, the generation of triplet excitons takes place at at least one internal interface of the type "staggered type II heterojunction" between two materials A (hole transport material or bipolar transport material) and B (electron transport material or bipolar transport material). The energetic arrangement between A and B is such that an interface charge carrier pair with total spin 1 (triplet) comprising a hole on A and an electron on a directly adjacent molecule of type B has an energy that is high enough to enable it to be efficiently converted into triplet excitons either on A and/or on B. Owing to the component structure, all triplet excitons generated on A and/or B can be efficiently transformed into visible light.
Multi-heterojunctions of the type II ("staggered type II") are provided for the emission zone (5). The structure of the emission zone (5) corresponds to the following arrangement: material A-material B-material A-material B . . . ([AB]n), where the following embodiments and properties are possible:
It is also within the scope of the invention for only one material A or B to be doped with a triplet emitter dopant. The energetic arrangement of the HOMO and LUMO levels between A and B must be of the type: "staggered type II heterojunction" (
In the case where only one of the layers involved is doped with a triplet emitter dopant (as in
In the case where the exciton density at the internal interfaces AB is so high that the effect of the "interface exciton saturation" becomes dominant, the structure present here equally permits charge carriers that have left the first interface zone AB to be able to recombine to form triplet excitons at the next interface AB.
The construction of the emission zone (5) made from a plurality of interfaces of the type "staggered type II heterojunction" permits the following, in parallel:
The present invention makes it possible to avoid all of the above-mentioned problems of conventional triplet OLEDs and to obtain the highest possible efficiency of such an OLED without further restrictions in the selection of the materials that are required in order to optimize further properties (such as low operating voltage).
In order to describe the preset invention using exemplary embodiments, in the following figures:
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be presented. The general case of the multi-heterojunction within the emission zone (5) is shown.
The OLED with emission from the triplet excitons comprises the following layers:
Light emission zone=multi-heterojunction (n=3)
5A1 d. Hole transport material (or bipolar transport material), doped with emitter dopant,
5B1 d or 5B1 u. Electron transport layer (or bipolar transport layer), possibly doped with emitter dopant,
5A2 d. Hole transport material (or bipolar transport material) doped with emitter dopant,
5B2 d or 5B2 u. Electron transport layer (or bipolar transport layer), possibly doped with emitter dopant,
5A3 d. Hole transport material (or bipolar transport material), doped with emitter dopant,
5B3 d or 5B3 u. Electron transport layer (or bipolar transport layer), possibly doped with emitter dopant,
A typical realization of the embodiment just described is the following material sequence (cf.
Light emission zone=multi-heterojunction (n=3)
In this case, the interface AB is embodied such that holes are blocked more efficiently at the interface AB. This is necessary since only material A is doped with the emitter dopant, and therefore the higher charge carrier density should be in the material A. Even more important, however, is the fact that the triplet excitons in B have a greater energy than those in A. Therefore, the excitons generated on B can be converted later into excitons on A (or the emitter dopant in A).
It is evident from the energy level arrangement in
The thicknesses of the various layers are chosen so as to achieve a good balance between holes and electrons within the emission zone (balance between blocking effects and charge carrier transport). Therefore, the thickness of the last TCTA: Ir(ppy)3 layer (5A3) is smaller than that of the layers 5A1 and 5A2. This permits a good electron injection into the other emitter doped layers (5A1 and 5A2) because TCTA has a relatively low barrier for electron injection but a low electron mobility. However, the thickness of the layer 5A3 is large enough that the remaining holes which reach said layer can recombine with the electrons present there. All injected holes and electrons will recombine within the emission zone and later decay radiatively because all excitons formed are able to reach a part of the emission zone in which they can decay by way of triplet emitter dopants. The OLED would function equally well if the blocking layer and electron transport material (BPhen) within the emission zone were equally doped with the same or a different triplet emitter dopant.
The number of heterojunctions, which was n=3 in the two previous examples, may be higher or lower. In the case of n=1, both materials A and B of the heterojunction must be doped with a triplet emitter dopant in order to obtain a structure in accordance with the present invention. A preferred exemplary embodiment with exemplary materials is (cf.
Light emission zone=multi-heterojunction (n=1)
Exciton formation in this OLED structure again takes place near the interface 5A1 and 5B1 (because the latter forms a "staggered type II heterojunction". Interface excitons can transfer their energy either to a triplet exciton in the layer 5A1 or 5B1. Both layers are doped with a triplet emitter dopant. They can diffuse there, but are halted at the interfaces with 4 a and 6 a and therefore decay radiatively in the doped layers. The use of hole transport materials and electron transport materials, both doped with a triplet emitter, permits all excitons to be able to recombine radiatively.
A further exemplary embodiment with exemplary materials is presented below and the optoelectronic properties thereof are compared with a standard sample (without a heterojunction in the emission zone):
Light emission zone=multi-heterojunction (n=2)
The blocking layers have been omitted in this structure because (i) MTDATA already efficiently blocks electrons, and (ii) the last layer of the multi-heterojunction (5B2) equally already functions as a blocking layer for holes.
The standard structure comprises:
Standard Structure:
The increase in the current efficiency cannot be attributed to micro cavity effects because the absolute layer thickness of the samples are approximately identical and the refractive indices of the organic layers differ only marginally. Thus, a luminance increase in the forward direction cannot be expected.
Heterojunctions in the emission zone of OLEDs are known from OLEDs with emission of singlet exciton states. In contrast to the present invention, these usually use undoped layers in so-called multiple quantum well structures (Y. Ohmori et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (1993), 3250; Y. Ohmori et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 (1993), 1871). These quantum well structures (sometimes also called superlattices or multilayer structure) are designed such that the emission spectrum of the OLED can be influenced. It has been found, however, that such structures (e.g. Alq3 alternating with TPD; this interface is also one of the type II) do not lead to a significant increase in the efficiency of the OLED. Mori et al. (T. Mori et al. J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. 32 (1999), 1198) have investigated the effect of a stacked structure, on OLEDs with singlet emitter dopants in the emission zone and even ascertained a reduction of the efficiency of the OLED. Therefore, it should be noted that the multilayer emission zone type II works differently in the case of singlet emission than in the case of triplet emission described above. This is connected, as explained, with the longer triplet exciton lifetime and the increased exciton binding energy. The reason for this is the possibility, for singlet excitons, of relatively easily constructing an interface of the type II at which excitons are only formed on one side of the interface, namely preferably the side with the higher yield of radiative recombination of the singlet exciton states. Owing to the higher binding energy of the triplet excitons, however, these triplet excitons are formed on both materials of the interface. The advantage of components based on the structure proposed in this patent is that it can efficiently "collect" holes and electrons and convert them into light.
A paper by Huang et al. (J. S. Huang Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 (2001) 6630) presented a multiple quantum well structure which, with spiro-TAD (a stable version of the material TPD) and Alq3 (that is to say type II interfaces) constructs an emission zone (5) in a standard construction. No appreciable increase in the efficiency was found in that case either (from 4 to 4.5 cd/A at an operating voltage of 4.5 V). On the other hand, Huang et al. (J. S. Huang et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 (1998) 3348) found an appreciable rise in the efficiency for a multilayer structure with Alq3 and rubrene (an orange singlet emitter die) doped in Alq3 in the emission zone (5). This structure forms type I heterojunctions where only the excitons in the rubrene doped layers are collected, and is thus not in accordance with this patent. A further approach in singlet emitter OLEDs is that of Sakamoto et al. (G. Sakamoto et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999) 766). He presented an OLED structure having the layer sequence: anode/hole injection layer/hole transport layer doped with rubrene/electron transport layer and emitter layer (Alq3) doped with rubrene/cathode. The efficiency of this component could only be increased a little compared with the component in which only the emission layer was doped with rubrene. The principal effect was an increase in the lifetime of the OLED. The higher stability is caused by the reduction of the density of free holes in the emission layer Alq3, which leads to a reduced irreversible oxidation of Alq3. The small rise in the efficiency in the double doped OLED can be attributed to an improved balance of holes and electrons in the emission layer.
The examples explained above describe the concept presented here. The specialist in the field may propose many further exemplary embodiments in accordance with the present invention which cannot all be discussed in detail here. For example, it is clear that the component structure ABAB . . . may also be of the type ABCD . . . if material C has similar properties to material A (hole transport or bipolar transport) and material D has similar properties to material B (electron transport or bipolar transport) and the interfaces are of the type II.
5A1 d, 5A2 d, 5A3 dMulti-heterojunction material of type A (hole transport), doped with emitter dopant
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|Use of an organic matrix material for producing an organic semiconductor material, organic semiconductor material and electronic component
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 18, 2005
Owner name: NOVALED GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:QIN, DASHAN;BLOCHWITZ-NIMOTH, JAN;ZHOU, XIANG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015926/0665;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050204 TO 20050220
|Oct 15, 2008
Owner name: NOVALED AG, GERMANY
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