text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|May 10, 2011
|Filing date
|Jul 27, 2005
|Priority date
|Jul 29, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|James M. Tour, Christopher A. Dyke, Austen K. Flatt
|Original Assignee
|William Marsh Rice University
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (10), Classifications (30), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a national phase application of PCT/US2005/026648, entitled "Bulk Separation of Carbon Nanotubes by Bandgap", filed on Jul. 27, 2005 and claiming priority to and benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/592,313, filed Jul. 29, 2004.
The present invention was made with government support under Grant Nos. JSC-NCC-9-77 and URETI NCC-01-0203, both awarded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Grant No. NSR-DMR-0073046, awarded by the National Science Foundation; and Grant No. F49620-01-1-0364, awarded by the United States Air Force. The government has certain rights in the invention.
The present invention relates generally to carbon nanotubes. More specifically, the invention relates to bulk separation methods for separating carbon nanotubes by electronic type.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), comprising multiple concentric shells and termed multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), were discovered by Iijima in 1991 (Iijima, Nature 1991, 354, 56). Subsequent to this discovery, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), comprising a single graphene rolled up on itself, were synthesized in an arc-discharge process using carbon electrodes doped with transition metals (Iijima et al., Nature 1993, 363, 603; and Bethune et al., Nature 1993, 363, 605). These carbon nanotubes (especially SWNTs) possess unique mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties, and such properties make them attractive for a wide variety of applications. See Baughman et al., Science, 2002, 297, 787-792.
The diameter and chirality of CNTs are described by integers "n" and "m," where (n,m) is a vector along a graphene sheet which is conceptually rolled up to form a tube. When n−m=3q, where q is an integer, the CNT is a semi-metal. When n−m=0, the CNT is truly metallic in its behavior and referred to as an "armchair" nanotube. All other combinations of n−m are semiconducting CNTs with bandgaps in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 eV (0.8-1.4 eV for HiPco� SWNTS). See O'Connell et al., Science, 2002, 297, 593. CNT "type," as used herein, refers to such electronic types described by the (n,m) vector (i.e., metallic, semi-metallic, and semiconducting).
The main hurdle to the widespread application of CNTs, and SWNTs in particular, is their manipulation according to electronic structure (Avouris, Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 1026-1034). All known preparative methods lead to polydisperse materials of semiconducting, semimetallic, and metallic electronic types. See M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, P. C. Eklund, Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes, Academic Press, San Diego, 1996; Bronikowski et al., Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology 2001, 19, 1800-1805; R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, Imperial College Press, London, 1998. Recent advances in the solution phase dispersion (Strano et al., J. Nanosci. and Nanotech., 2003, 3, 81; O'Connell et al., Science, 2002, 297, 593-596) along with spectroscopic identification using bandgap fluorescence (Bachilo et al., Science, 2002, 298, 2361) and Raman spectroscopy (Strano, Nanoletters 2003, 3, 1091) have greatly improved the ability to monitor electrically distinct nanotubes as suspended mixtures and have led to definitive assignments of the optical features of semiconducting (Bachilo et al., Science, 2002), as well as metallic and semi-metallic species (Strano, Nanoletters, 2003).
Techniques of chemically functionalizing CNTs have greatly facilitated the ability to manipulate these materials, particularly for SWNTs which tend to assemble into rope-like aggregates (Thess et al., Science, 1996, 273, 483-487). Such chemical functionalization of CNTs is generally divided into two types: tube end functionalization (Chen et al., Science, 1998, 282, 95-98), and sidewall functionalization (PCT publication WO 02/060812 by Tour et al.).
While separation of CNTs by electronic type has been reported (Smalley et al., PCT Publication No. WO 03/084869 A2; Krupke et al., Science, 2003, 301, 344-347), such methods do not appear to be amenable to scale-up. It would be extremely useful to have a separation technique that affords such separation on a bulk scale, particularly wherein such a technique additionally possesses the operational flexibility afforded it by selective functionalization.
The present invention is directed to methods of separating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by their electronic type (e.g., metallic, semi-metallic, and semiconducting). Perhaps most generally, in some embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods of separating CNTs by bandgap, wherein such separation is effected by interacting the CNTs with a surface such that the surface interacts differentially with the CNTs on the basis of their bandgap (or lack thereof), or appendages to the CNT sidewalls which were placed there based upon the original nanotube bandgaps. In some embodiments, such methods permit such separations to be carried out in bulk quantities.
In some embodiments, such above-described methods rely on the differential reactivity of CNTs of different electronic type toward one or more reactive species (i.e., functionalization). Once differentially functionalized, the CNTs of different electronic type are typically separated via chromatographic means. Depending on the degree of separation a particular embodiment affords, such separation can lead to product that is enriched in a particular electronic type, or to product that comprises an isolated type. In some embodiments, such reactive species are diazonium species. In some embodiments, such diazonium species are used to functionalize, in a stepwise fashion, CNTs of different electronic type with functional moieties imparting differing solubility to the different CNT types.
In some embodiments, methods of the present invention comprise the steps of: individually dispersing CNTs in an aqueous surfactant solution to form a first dispersion; generating either heavily-functionalized or selectively-functionalized CNT material via functionalization with diazonium species to yield differentially-functionalized CNTs; collecting and optionally purifying the differentially-functionalized CNTs; dispersing the differentially-functionalized CNTs in an appropriate organic solvent to form a second dispersion; and performing a chromatographic separation (e.g., flash chromatography) on the second dispersion, wherein fractions are collected at different elution times to complete the separation.
Numerous variations and embodiments fall within the scope of the present invention. For example, the kind of CNTs, the functionalization methodology, the functional groups being attached to the CNTs, and the CNT concentrations can all be varied. For chromatographic separations, the stationary phase can be varied or the mobile phase can be varied. In some embodiments, instead of bulk separation, the functional groups placed selectively on the metal CNTs can be such that only the metal CNTs undergo a treatment selected from the group consisting of assembly onto a surface; attachment to a dense, large object; attachment to an enzyme; made basic or acidic; made water soluble; are chelated; made recognizable by a guest; tagged with a receptor; and combinations thereof.
The utility of the present invention resides in the fact that it provides a means of extracting and/or concentrating metallic, semi-metallic, or semiconducting CNTs from bulk nanotube samples, the bulk material generally comprising a mixture of these species. These materials can then be used as seeds to further produce a particular type of nanotube, place a particular type of nanotube in a device, generate multifunctional materials, make sensing elements, etc.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The present invention is directed to methods of separating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by their electronic type (e.g., metallic, semi-metallic, and semiconducting). Perhaps most generally, in some embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods of separating CNTs by bandgap, wherein such separation is effected by interacting the CNTs with a surface such that the surface interacts differentially with the CNTs on the basis of their bandgap, or lack thereof. In some embodiments, such methods allow for such separations to be carried out in bulk quantities. Depending on the degree of separation a particular embodiment affords, such separation can lead to product that is enriched in a particular electronic type, or to product that comprises an isolated type.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides CNTs of a particular type or concentrations of types from as-prepared nanotube mixtures. For a discussion on manipulating carbon nanotubes by type, see Strano et al., Science 2003, 301, 1519. For a discussion of the composition of a nanotube mixture, see Bachilo et al., Science 2002, 298, 2361; Weisman et al., Nano Lett., 2003, 3, 1235.
In some of the above-mentioned embodiments, CNTs are first dispersed individually in a solvent, typically with the aid of either a dispersal agent such as, but not limited to, ionic surfactants (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate), non-ionic surfactants (e.g., pluronics, Triton-x�), polymer species, and combinations thereof; and/or functionalization The individually-dispersed CNTs are then interacted with at least one surface while in this dispersed state. Such interacting between the dispersed CNTs and the at least one surface can include, but is not limited to, covalent bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals attractive forces, and combinations thereof. In some such embodiments, interaction between the CNTs and the surface is provided for, or enhanced by, functionalization of the CNTs and/or the surface. Such functionalization can involve covalently attaching moieties to either or both of the CNTs and the surface. Additionally or alternatively, such functionalization can be of a non-covalent nature involving the use of such things as surfactants, polymer wrapping species, protons, and the like—dependent upon the interaction of such species with the CNT, and whether or not such interaction is differential. See O'Connell et al., Chem. Phys. Lett., 2001, 342, 265.
While not intending to limit the scope of the present invention, the at least one surface employed in such above-described separations is typically associated with a chromatographic device. In some such embodiments, a chromatographic stationary phase, which may be functionalized itself, interacts differentially with the individualized CNTs—which may or not be functionalized themselves. In some such embodiments, the stationary phase interacts directly with the individualized (e.g., surfactant wrapped) CNTs on the basis of their bandgap. In some or other such embodiments, the stationary phase interacts with the dispersal agent still associated with the individualized CNTs, wherein such CNTs have been differentially dispersed. In some or other such embodiments, the stationary phase interacts with functional moieties on the CNTs, such CNTs having been differentially functionalized on the basis of their bandgap. Regardless, the interaction can result in a separation of CNTs by type. In some embodiments, wherein differential functionalization is employed, such functionalization can be removed by thermolysis. See, e.g., Bahr et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 6536.
Referring to
Generally, any method of dispersing CNTs as individual CNTs will suffice in the above-described Step A1. Suitable methods include, but are not limited to, surfactant assisted suspensions, polymer wrapping, suspension in superacid media, and combinations thereof. Typically, the reactive specie(s) comprises a diazonium species, but it is by no means limited to these species. In some embodiments, the functionalization method conveys dispersability and/or vice versa, i.e., a dispersal agent can impart non-covalent functionalization (e.g., polymer wrapping).
In some embodiments, methods of the present invention comprising selective-functionalization comprise the steps of: (Step B1) dispersing a mixture of CNTs of different type individually; (Step B2) selectively functionalizing metallic and semi-metallic CNTs within the mixture using a first diazonium species, in sub-stoichiometric amount, to yield a first mixture comprising selectively-functionalized metallic and semi-metallic CNTs and unfunctionalized semiconducting CNTs; (Step B3) reacting all of the CNTs in the first mixture with a second diazonium species to yield a second mixture comprising differentially-functionalized metallic and semi-metallic CNTs possessing a first chemical property and functionalized semiconducting CNTs possessing a second chemical property; (Step B4) performing at least one chromatographic separation on the second mixture, so as to separate the differentially-functionalized metallic and semi-metallic CNTs from the functionalized semiconducting CNTs on the basis of their functionalization-induced differential chemical properties. In some or other embodiments, step d could be supplemented or substituted with another bulk purification method such as extraction of the hydroxyl-functionalized metallic and semi-metallic CNTs into a hydrophilic phase while the semiconductors would remain in a hydrophobic phase. The first and second chemical properties, described above, can be differentiated on the basis of polarity, charge, solubility, crystallizability, electronegativity, and the like; or, generally, as a preference for the chromatographic stationary phase or mobile phase.
In some embodiments, methods of the present invention comprising heavy-functionalization comprise the steps of: (Step C1) dispersing a mixture of CNTs of different type individually in a solvent; (Step C2) differentially-functionalizing the mixture of CNTs with at least one diazonium species to form a mixture comprising functionalized metallic and semi-metallic CNTs and functionalized semiconducting CNTs, wherein the functionalized metallic and semi-metallic CNTs within the mixture comprise a functionalization-induced chemical property that is chemically distinct from that of the functionalized semiconducting CNTs within the mixture; and (Step C3) chromatographically-separating the functionalized metallic and semi-metallic CNTs from the functionalized semiconducting CNTs on the basis of this chemical property.
"Carbon nanotubes" (CNTs), according to the present invention, include, but are not limited to, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), buckytubes, small-diameter carbon nanotubes, fullerene tubes, tubular fullerenes, graphite fibrils, and combinations thereof. Such carbon nanotubes can be of a variety and range of lengths, diameters, number of tube walls, chiralities (helicities), etc., and can be made by any known technique including, but not limited to, arc discharge [Ebbesen, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1994, 24, 235-264], laser oven (Thess et al., Science 1996, 273, 483-487], flame synthesis (Vander Wal et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001, 349, 178-184], chemical vapor deposition (U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,415], wherein a supported (Hafner et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998, 296, 195-202] or an unsupported (Cheng et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998, 289, 602-610; Nikolaev et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 313, 91-97] metal catalyst may also be used, and combinations thereof. Depending on the embodiment, the CNTs can be subjected to one or more processing steps. In some embodiments, the CNTs have been purified. Exemplary purification techniques include, but are not limited to, those by Chiang et al. (Chiang et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1157-1161; Chiang et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 8297-8301]. In some embodiments, the CNTs have been cut by a cutting process. See, e.g., Liu et al., Science 1998, 280, 1253-1256; and Gu et al., Nano Lett. 2002, 2(9), 1009-1013. The terms "carbon nanotube" and "nanotube" are used interchangeably herein.
"Individualized CNTs," according to the present invention, are CNTs that have been debundled such that they are not in direct van der Waals contact with one another—as they would be in a CNT rope or bundle, and which are typically described as being "individually dispersed" when in a solvent.
"Surfactants," according to the present invention, can be any chemical agent which facilitates the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water (or possibly other solvent). Surfactants include, but are not limited to, ionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium octylbenzene sulfonate, TRITON X-100, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), and combinations thereof. However, in some embodiments, organically-wrapped CNTs in an organic solvent could also be partners in the reaction with diazonium species in a selective coupling, provided the wrapped species are single nanotubes, or small bundles thereof, i.e., on the order of 2-3 nanotubes, such that the individual nanotubes are accessible for the selective functionalization process.
"Differentially-functionalized," according to the present invention, refers to selectively functionalizing CNTs within a mixture with chemical moieties of differing chemical properties (e.g., affinity for polar solvents), such that the CNTs of differing electronic type are imparted with different chemical properties when functionalized.
"Separation," as defined herein, generally refers to a concentrating of one type of CNT within a mixture. The extent of such separation determines whether the products are still mixtures in which one type of CNT dominates, or whether a population of CNTs of particular type are truly isolated. Separation does not necessarily imply a near-homogeneous single nanotube type (n,m), with an infinitesimal amount of other nanotube types, but merely an enrichment of one nanotube type beyond that originally determined in the starting sample of nanotube types.
In some of the above-described embodiments, the step of forming an aqueous mixture of surfactant-suspended carbon nanotubes comprises a homogenizing step. A homogenizing step, according to the present invention, can be any method which suitably homogenizes the mixture and renders at least some of the carbon nanotubes encapsulated in micellar-like assemblies.
In some of the above-described embodiments, the step of forming an aqueous mixture of surfactant-suspended carbon nanotubes further comprises ultrasonic assistance. Ultrasonic assistance can be provided by either an ultrasonic bath or an ultrasonic horn sonicator, typically operating at a power from between about 200 W to about 600 W. The duration of such ultrasonic assistance typically ranges from about 1 min to about 20 min.
In some of the above-described embodiments, the mixture of surfactant-suspended carbon nanotubes is centrifuged to separate the surfactant-suspended nanotube material from other material. In such embodiments, the other material gravitates to the bottom and the surfactant-suspended carbon nanotubes are decanted. In some such embodiments, the centrifugation is provided by an ultracentrifuge, and centrifugation is performed with an intensity which ranges generally from about 10,000 rpm to about 90,000 rpm, and for a duration which ranges generally from about 1 hour to about 6 hour. See O'Connell et al., Science, 2002, 297, 593.
In some of the above-described embodiments, wherein diazonium species are emploed as the reactive species, aryl diazonium salts are used as the diazonium species. Suitable aryl diazonium salts include, but are not limited to,
where R is selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hydroxy, carboxylic ester, carboxylic acid, thiocarbonate, amine, amide, alkoxy, polyether, polyalkyl, hydroxy alkyl, and combinations thereof. Variations for "R" include: a) aliphatic chains or groups for nonpolar solvent solubility; b) polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. for incorporation into composites or blends; c) electrically-conducting polymeric substituents (i.e., polypyrrole or poly(phenylene vinylene)); d) polyether chain to increase water or alcohol solubility; e) carboxylic acid or carboxylate anion to increase water solubility; f) substituents that can cross-link polymers to form composites; g) R can be substituted at various positions on the aromatic ring (ortho, meta, para); h) there are multiple "R" groups; and, when present, use of Cl, Br, and I as leaving groups to attach to a metal surface or nanoparticle.
In some of the above-described embodiments, the aryl diazonium salt is first solubilized in water or another solvent, prior to adding it to the mixture of surfactant-suspended carbon nanotubes, and allowing it to react with the nanotubes. In such embodiments, a substoichiometric amount of the aryidiazonium salt is added such that it reacts preferentially with the metallic (no bandgap) and semi-metallic ("Mod 3" nanotubes (where n−m=multiple of 3 and the bandgap is on the order of milli electron volts) possessing a very small bandgap, sometimes referred to as a "pseudo-gap," that is curvature induced) carbon nanotubes, but not with the semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
In some embodiments of the present invention, Raman, absorption, and/or fluorescence spectroscopies are used to used to analyze the process during and/or after reaction to indicate that the reaction between CNTs and reactive species is selective—e.g., favoring reaction of metallic and semi-metallic nanotubes first.
In some embodiments, wherein diazonium species are employed as the reactive species, the diazonium species is generated in situ by reacting a substituted aniline species with an alkyl nitrite (or alternatively an inorganic nitrite in the presence of an acid). Substituted aniline species, according to the present invention, have the general formula
where R (the substituent, or substituents in the case of multiple substitutions) is selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hydroxy, carboxylic ester, carboxylic acid, thiocarbonate, amide, alkoxy, polyether, polyalkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, and combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, wherein diazonium species are employed as the reactive species, the diazonium species is generated from a triazene and an acid. In some or other such embodiments, the diazonium species is a bis-diazonium species.
In some embodiments of the present invention, raw (as-produced, unpurified) CNTs are dispersed as individuals in a surfactant-water mixture according to a published procedure (see O'Connell et al., Science, 2002, 297, 593). Once the dispersion is obtained, the material is either selectively functionalized (see Strano et al., Science, 2003, 301, 1519) or heavily functionalized (see Dyke et al., Nano Letters, 2003, 3, 1215) with diazonium salts. Referring to
In some embodiments, the CNTs are dispersed in a superacid media, such as oleum, instead of being dispersed as surfactants. See Hudson et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 11158. While suspended in such media, the CNTs are then differentially-functionalized via diazonium chemistry (or other chemistry) as described above.
In some embodiments, the CNTs are dispersed in ionic liquids. Processing in such liquids may have environmental (i.e., "green chemistry") benefits.
In some embodiments, bis-diazonium species (e.g., N2—C6H4—CH2—C6H4—N2) are used to selectively react with the metallic and semi-metallic CNTs to form crosslinked agglomerations of metallic and semi-metallic CNTs. These can then be separated from the semiconducting CNTs on the basis of their being less soluble/suspendable in the solvent. Additionally or alternatively, some type of filtration (e.g., a filtration bed) can be used to separate the crosslinked metallic/semi-metallic CNTs from the semiconducting CNTs.
By selectively affecting the chemical properties of the metallic/semi-metallic and the semiconducting CNTs, other methods of separation could be employed to carry out such separation, particularly on a bulk scale, and should be viewed as falling within the scope of the present invention. Such separation methods include, but are not limited to, crystallization, precipitation, extraction, and combinations thereof.
The following Examples are included to demonstrate particular embodiments of the present invention. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the methods disclosed in the examples that follow merely represent exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments described and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In Examples 1-9 which follow, a separation of SWNTs by type is conducted by changing the chemical properties of the metallic SWNTs in relation to the semiconductor SWNTs and then performing filtration through silica gel. Referring to Methods I and II in
This example serves to illustrate a general methodology by which SWNTs can be separated by bandgap in bulk quantities, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
Generally, a method to maintain the SWNTs in unroped form for separations must be utilized. SWNTs have a cohesive inter-tube attraction of 0.5 eV per nm of tube length and this must be overcome prior to their separation. Applicants have previously shown that aryldiazonium salts can react with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-wrapped SWNTs (SWNT/SDS) in aqueous solutions to afford SWNT sidewall aryl addends with up to ca. 1 in 10 SWNT carbons being aryl-functionalized (Strano et al., Science 2003, 301, 1519). In the starting surfactant-wrapped form, the SWNTs remain dispersed as individuals rather than existing as bundled or roped structures (in this context, bundles are defined as ca. 2-5 SWNTs adhering to each other, and ropes as >5 SWNTs adhering via their sidewalls). By slowly adding the aryldiazonium salts, the metallic SWNT sidewalls are preferentially functionalized, to the exclusion of the semiconductors' sidewalls (Strano et al., Science 2003, 301, 1519).
Disclosed here are two different methods for the reaction/filtration/regeneration of enriched SWNT fractions: Separation Method I (
Referring to
While Separation Method II is more complex, it affords a complementary degree of purity for the metallic products. Once the metallic SWNTs had been preferentially reacted via titration with 4-tert-butylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (affording addend type-A, a nonpolar moiety) (Scheme 2, Step 1), the semiconducting SWNTs were then titrated with a complementary aryidiazonium salt, 4-(2′-hydroxyethyl)benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (affording addend type-B, a polar moiety) (Scheme 2, Step 2), to serve as a different polarity-based SWNT sidewall addend. Both lightly-functionalized SWNT types were then further functionalized with addend type-A (Scheme 2, Step 3) to confer them with increased solubility and to prevent their re-bundling or re-roping upon removal of the SDS. This mixture was then subjected to a separation protocol using filtration through silica gel to generate enriched functionalized metallic SWNTs (Scheme 2, Step 4). Thermal treatment of the separated functionalized SWNTs removes the addends and regenerates two distinct fractions of the unfunctionalized SWNTs (Scheme 2, Step 5), the first being enriched in metallic types.
When viewed in total, the separations methods described here afford some modest level of enrichment; however, less encouraging enrichment levels than would have been gleaned from comparative analyses based upon differing morphologies and singular Raman excitation wavelength studies. Therefore, the enrichment protocol here underscores the care needed in spectroscopically assessing SWNT purities.
This example serves to illustrate methods of nanotube synthesis and the preparation of individualized SWNTs, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
Raw, bulk nanotubes were prepared by the HiPco process (Nikolaev et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 313, 91) and obtained from the Carbon Nanotechnologies Laboratory, HiPco Center, at Rice University. This material, in general, has a diameter range from 0.6 nm to 1.3 nm with approximately 50 different SWNT types defined by n and m, containing metallics and semiconductors (Bachilo et al., Science 2002, 298, 2361; Strano et al., Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1091). The iron catalyst used in the HiPco process gives an iron content of ca. 25 wt % with a small amount of amorphous carbon also present. The raw material was subjected to the published procedure (O'Connell et al., Science 2002, 297, 593; Strano et al., J. Nanosci. Nanotech. 2003, 3, 81; Moore et al., Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1379) of surfactant wrapping to afford predominately individual SWNT/SDS in water with <2 wt % iron content. Specifically, the following protocol was used. The raw material (80 mg) is added to a flask loaded with SDS (2.0 g, 1 wt %). Ultrapure H2O (200 mL) is then added to the vessel and the aqueous solution is homogenized (Polyscience X-520, 750-Watt ultrasonic homogenizer) for 1 h. The freshly homogenized solution is sonicated in a cup-horn sonicator (Cole-Palmer CPX-600) for 10 min at 540 W. The sonicated mixture is centrifuged (Sorvall 100S Discovery Ultracentrifuge) at 30,000 rpm for 4 h. Centrifugation causes the more dense bundles and iron particles to sediment, and the upper 80 vol % portion is decanted to give predominately individuals (non-bundled and non-roped) SWNT/SDS while the lower 20 vol % contains SWNT ropes, SWNT bundles and residual iron catalyst. Referring to
This example serves to illustrate, in greater detail, Separation Method I, said method involving direct heavily functionalized SWNTs, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
Heavily functionalized material (
The flocculated functionalized SWNTs are dispersed in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) (20 mL, 1 mL per 0.2 mg of functionalized SWNTs) by sonicating in a bath sonicator for 1 min. The solution was then introduced to a glass ODCB slurry-packed silica gel (silica gel, Davisil, grade 646, 35-60 mesh, Sigma-Aldrich) column. The column diameter was 2 inch with a 10-inch length of silica gel packing; this column loading required ca. 60 g of silica gel and 300 mL of ODCB to make the slurry. Use of finer grades of silica gel inhibits the functionalized SWNT elution. The chromatographic separation ensued by gravity using ODCB as the mobile (nonpolar) phase solvent. By simply visually monitoring the black-band progression, a faster moving band was noted and a second immobile band remained at the top of the column. Once the mobile band had fully eluted (ca. 50 mL of ODCB was used; 1 min from introduction of the functionalized nanotube solution), the solvent was changed to DMF and the slower moving band (polar) eluted (ca. 250 mL of DMF was used) over a period of 15 min. This protocol separated the nanotubes into a nonpolar (faster-moving band) and a polar (slower-moving band) component. The two components were collected by filtering again through a PTFE membrane and evaporating to dryness by rotary evaporation then in vacuo (0.2 mm Hg). Of the 4.0 mg of functionalized material placed on the column, 3.2 mg was collected after gravity separation. The faster-moving component (nonpolar, Flask 1 in Scheme 1) consisted of 1.3 mg of material and the slower-moving (polar, Flask 2 in Scheme 1) fraction had a weight of 1.9 mg. The functionalized material can be heated in an inert atmosphere (argon) and the addends evolve from the sidewalls of the SWNTs thereby regenerating the pristine, near-defect-free compounds in most cases; this was accomplished in a thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) apparatus. The loss of the addends begins at ca. 250� C. and they are completely removed by 700� C. (Dyke et al., Synlett 2004, 155; Dyke et al., Chem.-Eur. J. 2004, 10, 813). The regenerated, pristine nanotubes were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to determine the content of nanotube types and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine length (vide infra).
Note that in addition to the silica gel described above, other stationary phases have been investigated. A large amount of the functionalized SWNTs was retained on the columns with stationary mesh sizes of 100 and above (the particles are 180 μm in diameter and smaller); however, silica gel (Sigma-Aldrich), polypyridine, or Dowex ion exchange resins, 35-60 mesh, all allowed a substantial amount of the functionalized SWNTs to elute with little material trapped on the head of the column. Of the three stationary phases investigated, silica gel afforded the best enrichment by nanotube type.
This example serves to illustrate, in greater detail, Separation Method II, said method involving selectively functionalized SWNTs, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
SDS-coated SWNTs are selectively functionalized according to a published procedure (Strano et al., Science 2003, 301, 1519).
The flocculated material from the selective functionalization reaction was dispersed in ODCB (20 mL total, 1 mL per 0.2 mg of functionalized SWNTs) by sonicating in a bath sonicator for 1 min. The functionalized SWNT mixture (4.0 mg) (2+3) was introduced onto an ODCB slurry-packed silica gel (silica gel, Davisil, grade 646, 35-60 mesh, Sigma-Aldrich) column packed as described above. Phases were separated by gravity first using ODCB as the mobile phase. Once the nonpolar component was collected in Flask 1 (Scheme 2) which required ca. 50 mL of ODCB for the 1-min elution, the mobile phase was changed to DMF and the polar component fully eluted into Flask 2 (Scheme 2) after using ca. 350 mL of DMF for 20 min. The materials in the separate flasks were filtered through a PTFE membrane. A total of 1.0 mg was lost on the head of the column, and of the remaining 3.0 mg of material collected, the faster-eluting band (nonpolar band) weighed 0.6 mg and the remainder of the weight (2.4 mg) corresponded to the slower-eluting band (polar component). Thermal treatment (Scheme 2, Step 5), as described above, afforded the enriched SWNT samples.
This example serves to illustrate determination of the degree of functional group coverage by correlating UV-Vis transitions to XPS, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
XPS data were acquired on a Physical Electronics (PHI 5700) XPS/ESCA system with typical base pressure of 5�10−9 torr. A monochromatic Al X-ray source at 350 W was used with an analytical spot size of 1.2 mm and 750 takeoff angle. Atomic concentration values were calculated with PHI Multipak software using factory calibrated values for the sensitivity factors of the respective elements (C 1s, O 1s, F 1s, I 3d). Binding energy values were referenced externally to an Au 4 f peak at 84.00 eV, and internally to a C 1s binding energy of 284.50 eV (NIST XPS database). Samples of functionalized SWNTs were flocculated from solution using acetone and filtered onto aluminum oxide membranes with 100 nm average pore size (Whatman Anodisc). The supported SWNT mat sample was then dried in vacuo overnight and removed from the membrane as a thin, freestanding nanotube film. The films were mounted on grounded sample holders with tungsten cover shields and loaded into the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber of the instrument.
A question that had to be answered was: How many functional groups are appended to the SWNTs after all the van Hove singularities are lost in the absorption spectra? Heavily functionalized material generally has an aryl moiety covalently attached to ca. 1 in 10 SWNT carbons on the nanotube, (Dyke et al., Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1215) but selectively functionalized material does not have as high a degree of coverage. An estimate of the degree of coverage for selectively functionalized material was determined by functionalizing the SWNTs until all of the van Hove singularities were just lost. This was conducted by reacting the SWNT/SDS solution (100 mL, 0.002 mM, 0.2 meq of carbon) with an aqueous solution of 4-fluorobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (3.5 mM) by adding 50 μL every 30 min. The portions were added, and the UV/Vis/NIR spectra were monitored after each addition, until all the van Hove singularities (metallics and semiconductors) in the entire spectrum were lost. See
The appended aryl moieties can be considered defect sites since at the reactive site on the nanotube sidewall, an sp2-C is converted into an sp3-C. This causes the nanotube to lose resonance at that excitation energy. Therefore, this study also serves as a predictor for the degree of defects on carbon nanotubes. In applications where the electronic or optical properties of SWNTs are required, clearly the fewer defects the better. At the same time, if the application causes defects, the efficiency will reduce considerably until the optical properties are lost. However, the sidewall chemisorption reaction is reversible upon heating, as seen in
Referring to
This example serves to provide a background for the Raman spectroscopy described in subsequent examples.
The Raman spectra were obtained on a Renishaw Ramascope which was equipped with 514.5 nm, 633 nm, and 780 nm lasers. The spectra obtained with the 780 nm excitation were performed with a grating of 1200 l/mm, and the 514.5 and 633 nm employed an 1800 l/mm grating. All of the nanotube samples were purified and dried prior to analysis and the solid samples were mounted on a glass slide with double-sided tape. The experiments were performed with four accumulations each with an exposure time of 10 to ensure consistency over each irradiated area of the sample. The data was collected and analyzed with Wire 2.0 software.
The resonance Raman enhancement effect for a given nanotube type occurs when the laser excitation wavelength approaches the wavelength of the van Hove singularity of that SWNT. Therefore, any one laser only probes a limited subset of SWNT types. For the purposes of this report, the three excitation wavelengths used to determine the content of the HiPco-derived sample are 514.5, 633, and 780 nm.
Sample Preparation for Raman Analyses.
In cases for the Raman spectra of the starting SWNTs, the materials had been SDS-wrapped, then flocculated from solution with acetone, filtered through PTFE, further acetone-washed to ensure SDS removal, and dried in vacuo. The SWNTs generated from Separation Methods I and II were used directly from the TGA pan (vide supra). The SWNTs generated from thermolysis of I (
This example serves to illustrate AFM and Raman analyses of eluents from Separation Method I, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention
AFM analysis, obtained by spin-coating a DMF solution onto mica, of the nonpolar fraction (
Raman analysis of the polar fraction from Separation Method I at 633, 514.5 and 780 nm excitation (
This example serves to illustrate Raman analyses of eluents from Separation Method II, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
In an effort to improve upon the results from Separation Method I, the more controlled, but operationally more complex, Separation Method II (
A side-by-side comparison of the Raman-active radial breathing modes generated from the starting SWNT/SDS that had been flocculated from acetone, and those obtained from Separation Methods I (middle column) and 11 (right column) are shown in composite
This example serves to demonstrate how the interpretation of Raman spectra can be affected by morphology and excitation wavelength.
Strano and co-workers have recently shown that relative peak intensity changes in Raman spectra can be caused by morphological changes in SWNT bundling (Heller et al., J. Phys. Chem. B. 2004, 108, 6905; Baik et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 15560). The relative peak intensity changes can therefore result in a misleading impression of separations. Therefore, in an effort to more accurately compare samples generated by Separation Methods I and II against compounds regenerated from a TGA apparatus, a sample of 1, heavily functionalized SWNTs prepared according to Scheme 1 but prior to filtration through silica gel, was taken and subjected to SDS and solvent removal and then addend cleavage at 700� C., followed by recording of the Raman spectra from the material generated in the TGA pan. The radial breathing modes at 633, 514.5 and 780 nm are shown in
Final composite stacked plots of electronically standardized radial breathing mode data for all of the spectra in this paper are shown in
There were indeed some changes in relative peak heights between the Raman spectra of the functionalized/thermally defunctionalized samples derived from 1 and those of the starting SWNT/SDS samples that had been acetone-flocculated and washed. This difference is apparent at 633 nm (comparing relative intensities in
At 633 nm (
In total, upon comparing the spectra derived from 1 and the spectra derived from Separation Methods I and II at multiple excitation wavelengths, the morphological changes alone are not sufficient to account for the relative peak changes noted in our filtration-enriched samples generated here. Indeed, some modest enrichment had occurred in the silica gel-filtration protocols, albeit not as pronounced as one would have been led to believe from a comparison of the flocculated SWNTs to the thermally regenerated SWNTs from Separation Methods I and II.
In the preceding Examples, SWNTs were individualized in water using a surfactant dispersal agent (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), then functionalized. After functionalization, the surfactant was removed (washed) from the functionalized SWNTs. Such surfactant, or other dispersal agent, need not be removed after functionalization, however. Indeed, such dispersal agents can be employed to effect separation of CNTs by regardless of whether the CNTs have been functionalized, as described in this Example.
Because of the solubility difficulties associated with SWNTs, such material is typically best manipulated using surfactant wrapped (encapsulated) "decant" solutions. See, e.g., O'Connell et al., Science, 2002, 297, 593; Strano et al., J. Nanosci. Nanotech. 2003, 3, 81; and Moore et al., Nano Lett., 2003, 3, 1379. The surfactant is able to individualize the nanotubes in solution by overcoming the strong van der Waals interactions between the SWNT sidewalls, thereby preventing re-bundling and re-roping, and making separation more likely.
As an example of how one might utilize chromatography to effect separation of such individualized SWNTs by bandgap, a chromatography column 24 inches in length and 1 inch in diameter can be prepared by dry loading silica gel (e.g., grade 60, 230-400 mesh) into the column to be employed as the stationary phase, with subsequent wetting with a 1% SDS/H2O solution. Then, 5 mL of unfunctionalized SWNT decant (from a CNT/SDS/H2O solution) can be added to the top of the column, and followed by eluting with 1% SDS/H2O solution. Wherein the surfactant wrapped SWNTs interact differentially with the stationary phase (possibly as a result of functional moieties on the stationary phase) the SWNTs will likely move as a band through the column, the band broadening on the way down. Collection of fractions as the broadened band elutes yields separation wherein the fractions are enriched in SWNTs of a particular type.
In summary, the present invention is directed the separation of CNTs by type, and typically in bulk quantities, by selectively functionalizing the different nanotubes types within a mixture so as to impart these different nanotube types with functional groups of differing chemical properties to as to be able to separate them, based on such properties, using chromatographic means.
All patents and publications referenced herein are hereby incorporated by reference. It will be understood that certain of the above-described structures, functions, and operations of the above-described embodiments are not necessary to practice the present invention and are included in the description simply for completeness of an exemplary embodiment or embodiments. In addition, it will be understood that specific structures, functions, and operations set forth in the above-described referenced patents and publications can be practiced in conjunction with the present invention, but they are not essential to its practice. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without actually departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 16, 1974
|Apr 26, 1977
|E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company
|Chromatographic detector system
|Feb 18, 2000
|Jun 15, 2004
|University Of Pittsburgh
|Reaction and separation methods
|Mar 4, 2003
|Jul 11, 2006
|William Marsh Rice University
|Method for separating single-wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof
|May 11, 2005
|Feb 10, 2009
|Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co., Ltd.
|Method for selectively separating semiconductive carbon nanotubes
|Dec 20, 2002
|Sep 11, 2003
|Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
|Separation of single wall carbon nanotubes
|Mar 4, 2003
|Mar 4, 2004
|Smalley Richard E.
|Method for separating single-wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof
|Feb 10, 2004
|Nov 25, 2004
|Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
|Bulk separation of semiconducting and metallic single wall nanotubes
|Burghard et al, "Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes", Small, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 180-192, downloaded from the internet Aug. 6, 2010.
|Chattopadhyay et al, "A Route for Bulk Separation of Semiconducting from Metallic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes", 2003, Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 125 of 2003, pp. 3370-3375, downloaded from the internet Aug. 6, 2010.
|Jeffrey L. Bahr et al Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes by Electrochemical Reduction of Aryl Diazonium Salts: A Bucky Paper Electrode, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, vol. 123, pp. 6536-6542, Published Jun. 14, 2001, downloaded from the Internet Dec. 21, 2010.
|Maeda et al, "Large-Scale Separation of Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes", Jul. 1, 2005, Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 127, pp. 10287-10290, downloaded from the internet Aug. 6, 2010.
|Strano et al, "Electronic Structure Control of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalization", Sep. 12, 2003, Science, vol. 301, pp. 1519-1522, downloaded from the internet Aug. 6, 2010.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 30, 2009
|Feb 5, 2013
|The University Of Western Australia
|Methods for selectively separating carbon nanotubes
|Nov 21, 2008
|Oct 29, 2013
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Separation of nanostructures
|Sep 15, 2006
|Apr 22, 2014
|University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc.
|Type separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes via two-phase liquid extraction
|May 21, 2013
|Aug 12, 2014
|University Of Maryland, College Park
|Carbon nanotube compositions and methods of making and using same
|Aug 22, 2013
|Jul 19, 2016
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method of separating carbon nanotubes
|May 16, 2008
|Nov 27, 2008
|National Institute Of Standards And Technology
|Centrifugal length separation of carbon nanotubes
|Oct 30, 2009
|Jul 1, 2010
|The University Of Western Australia
|Methods for selectively separating carbon nanotubes
|Sep 15, 2006
|Jul 1, 2010
|Kirk Jeremy Ziegler
|Type Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via Two-Phase Liquid Extraction
|Nov 21, 2008
|Jan 20, 2011
|Strano Michael S
|Separation of Nanostructures
|May 21, 2013
|Nov 21, 2013
|University Of Maryland
|Carbon nanotube compositions and methods of making and using same
|U.S. Classification
|423/460, 423/461, 977/845, 210/638, 209/1, 977/745, 210/656, 977/748, 210/635, 977/847, 977/751, 210/639
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 25, 2010
Owner name: NASA,DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Free format text: CONFIRMATORY LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:RICE UNIVERSITY;REEL/FRAME:023994/0637
Effective date: 20090920
Owner name: NASA, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Free format text: CONFIRMATORY LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:RICE UNIVERSITY;REEL/FRAME:023994/0637
Effective date: 20090920
|May 16, 2011
Owner name: AIR FORCE, UNITED STATES, VIRGINIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RICE UNIVERSITY;REEL/FRAME:026326/0294
Effective date: 20110404
|Aug 12, 2011
Owner name: WILLIAM MARSH RICE UNIVERSITY, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TOUR, JAMES M.;DYKE, CHRISTOPHER A.;FLATT, AUSTEN K.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20110329 TO 20110727;REEL/FRAME:026740/0620
|Nov 10, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
No products
Prices are tax included
Check out
Our webstore uses cookies to offer a better user experience and we recommend you to accept their use to fully enjoy your navigation.
Tweet Share Google+ Pinterest
tax incl.
2,30 € tax incl.
Reference: 10805
Condition: New product
Warning: Last items in stock!
Availability date:
The minimum purchase order quantity for the product is 1
Add to cart
stitch marker with closure
Recipient :
Name of your friend * :
E-mail address of your friend * :
* Required fields
Send or Cancel
30 pcs
No customer reviews for the moment.
* Required fields
Submit or Cancel

subset: commoncrawl


text: Pinterest Maca Root Shaving Kit Select size Gift Set Quantity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Item Gift Set Price $32.00 Add to bag Email When In Stock Please note that there is a limit on this product. Offers available on this product See Promotional Details Product description Who said men are hard to buy for? Give his skin the star treatment with this dapper collection of expert shaving care products, designed exclusively to care for male skin. A $42 Value! Set Includes Maca Root Shaving Cream 6.76 oz Maca Root Razor Relief 3.4 oz Shaving Brush $42 Value Join our WILDEST Campaign yet! Every gift you buy this year will help protect endangered animals and restore 1 square meter of rainforest Shipping Close


text:
TV analytics company TVbeat and OTT tech vendor Xstream are partnering to allow their customers to deliver more personalized TV Everywhere service.
The new partners are looking to offer a comprehensive toolbox of next-generation analytics technologies to will help enhance content evaluation, deliver more impactful, personalized and targeted video content, and allow customers to reduce churn and to identify and create new revenue streams.
"We're delighted to have partnered with Xstream to create an integrated offering, consisting of a premium OTT and TV Everywhere platform with granular analytics that will tell customers what is happening on the platform from day one," says Rune Skogeng, VP of Business Development for the Nordics and Benelux at TVbeat. "At TVbeat we believe that drawing insights from big data creates value, and we want to put the power back into the customers hand."


text:
Shows Mac users how to make the transition from Entourage to Outlook 2011, explaining the key differences between the programs.
All Courses
- Entourage (1)
- Microsoft (1)
- Office for Mac
- Outlook for Mac (1)
Skill level
- Beginner (1)
- Intermediate (1)
- Advanced (1)
- Appropriate for all
More options
- Closed captioning
"I am a one-person small business and you make it affordable for me to get continuing education. Keep up with the good work!" —Frederique N.
more from our members »


text:
Walleye Winterfest, presented by ProMedica, will take over downtown Toledo next winter! Guarantee an opportunity to purchase tickets to the two historic Toledo Walleye outdoor hockey games that will be played at Fifth Third Field on December 27 and December 30, 2014 by purchasing a Mud Hens game plan.
Call a Mud Hens Game Plan Consultant at 419-725-4367 for more information on Toledo Walleye Winterfest, presented by ProMedica, and how you and your family can score tickets to this once-in-a-lifetime event.
Walleye Winterfest, presented by ProMedica
This exciting 10-day community event will be the most spectacular winter celebration in Toledo history! We're about to take center stage as the country watches us!
- See hockey the way it was originally played: OUTDOORS! Fifth Third Field will be transformed into an "outdoor hockey arena"
- A full size ice rink 200' x 85' will stretch across the infield with the two goals near third base and first base
- Team benches will be in the outfield facing home plate
- The Walleye will play the first two outdoor games in ECHL history!
- Toledo Walleye outdoor games on Dec. 27 and Dec. 30, 2014
- A special Fanfest event to be held for package purchasers
- Open skates outdoors and indoors at Huntington Center
Toledo Walleye Winterfest is a community event benefitting the entire Toledo Region. Many organizations are planning to participate, including: the Arts Commission of Greater Toledo, Imagination Station, The Toledo Symphony, The Toledo Zoo, the Toledo Museum of Art, the MetroParks, and area colleges and universities.
Today on MiLB.com
Top Stories on MiLB.com
- Toolshed: New CBA, Winter Meetings trades
- Reds tab Garrett as top Minor League pitcher
- Orioles claim slugger Walker off waivers
- Padres acquire teenage pitcher in Norris trade
- Glasnow, Bell surge to the top for Pirates
- Braves swap Ellis, Gant, Dykstra for lefty Garcia
- Angels pick up right-hander Pounders in trade
- What to expect at the Winter Meetings


text:
This is a rare opportunity to acquire a long-standing, profitable, commercial sheet metal manufacturing and HVAC Installation company! The Business specializes in commercial and custom sheet metal fabrication and installation, as well as HVAC installation. The Business serves the construction industry (both commercial and residential projects) in the Inland Empire, CA. The Business has been well established for over 40 years; it dominates the local market, and it is a go-to metal shop for contractors in the area. A buyer should have either knowledge or background in any of the following areas: contractor, metal fabrication, welding, HVAC installation etc. The Business is currently operated by owner. Per Seller, demand for the Business' products and services are growing, and the Business has the capacity to expand. Approximately $105K of FF&E included in the sale. The real estate may also be purchased along with the business for a combined value price of $925,000! The land is approx. 0.57 acres, and the building is approx. 6,000 SF. This deal won't last long – Call Now!
Financials (USD)
Asking Price $460,000
Sales $394,208
Profit $230,222
You May Also Like
Metal Fabricator #452098 posted Aug 21, 2016
- California, United States
- $999,990
This Award Winning Metal Fabrication has enjoyed over 5 years in business. They work in the commercial, industrial and residential arenas offering design, build and installation of their projects. The firm prides itself as a group of unique artisans that have a working knowledge of all aspects...
Full Service Metal Fabrication and Job Shop #450733 posted Aug 1, 2016
- California, United States
- Available On Request
Diversified California full service metal fabrication and job shop business delivers complex parts to hundreds of customers for over twelve years. Customers include leading OEM's from various industries including automotive, aerospace, medical and military. This business has been thriving largely from...
Metal Manufacturer -- Custom Fabrications & Design #449111 posted Jul 8, 2016
- Santa Clarita, California, United States
- $1,250,000
This custom metal fabrication company has been dazzling the industry since 2008 with its innovative designs and execution. The company has built its profitable reputation on beautifully-conceived staircases, railings, structural supports, architectural metal design and steel art pieces. The Quality...
Did you know that social networking is a great way to buy a business? Sign up now and we'll show you how.
Suggested Searches
Disclaimer: MergerNetwork has not independently verified any of the information in this listing and makes no warranty as to its accuracy or completeness.


text:
Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Belleville
Select your stay dates to check availability
Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Belleville
About the hotel
Property Location
Located in Belleville, Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Belleville is convenient to Yardmen Arena and Church of St. Michael the Archangel. This hotel is within close proximity of The Empire Theatre and Pinnacle Playhouse.
Make yourself at home in one of the 114 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and microwaves. Complimentary wired and wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming provides entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include desks and complimentary newspapers, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Be sure to enjoy recreational amenities, including an indoor pool, a spa tub, and a 24-hour fitness center. Additional features at this hotel include complimentary wireless Internet access, shopping on site, and wedding services.
A complimentary continental breakfast is included.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, a 24-hour business center, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Planning an event in Belleville? This hotel has 3305 square feet (297 square meters) of space consisting of conference space and meeting rooms. Free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Free WiFi
- Conference space size (meters) - 297
- Wedding services
- Number of meeting rooms - 4
- Number of floors - 2
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
- Laundry facilities
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Fireplace in lobby
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Conference space size (feet) - 3305
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Total number of rooms - 114
- Conference space
- Free self parking
- Spa tub
- Smoke-free property
- Free breakfast
- 24-hour front desk
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Meeting rooms 4
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Indoor pool
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Shopping on site
- 24-hour business center
Room Facilities
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Hair dryer
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Coffee/tea maker
- Premium bedding
- Refrigerator
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Private bathroom
- Desk
- Sofa bed
- Air conditioning
- Shower/tub combination
- Free local calls
- Free WiFi
- Free toiletries
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Free newspaper
- Pay movies
- Iron/ironing board
- Microwave
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Daily housekeeping
- Cable TV service
- Television
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


text:
Michigan State Rabbit Breeders Association, Inc., Annual Convention and Show
Date: March 6, 2015 - March 8, 2015
Location: MSU Pavilion for Agriculture and Livestock Education/University Club
Friday, March 6
1 p.m. – Rabbit School
Saturday, March 7
Annual Rabbit Show
7:30 a.m. Youth breed entries close
8 a.m. Open breed entries close
University Club of MSU
7 p.m. Awards Banquet
Sunday, March 8
8 a.m. All entries close
The Michigan State Rabbit Breeders Association, Inc., (MSRBA) is a nonprofit organization incorporated in September 1941 and founded to elevate, stimulate, encourage and develop the rabbit industry in Michigan.
The expanded Rabbit School takes place Friday at 1 p.m. in the MSU Pavilion for Agriculture and Livestock Education. Many noted rabbit and cavy judges from around the country will conduct seminars. Seminar admission is free, but preregistration is requested so that all who attend will receive an informational folder on each presentation.
On Saturday, 500 breeders will exhibit more than 3,000 rabbits and cavies in the association's Annual Rabbit Show.
The annual Awards Banquet takes place at the University Club of MSU Saturday evening at 7 p.m. At the banquet, the association celebrates the achievements of its members for the previous year as well as lifetime achievements.
Sunday concludes with another all-breed show.
For more information or to view a catalog of this event, visit the MSRBA website at www.msrba.net.


text:
*** *** Week 1 ** *
Attached: COM 450 Week 1 DQ 2.zip
$5.19Buy an answer
This work of COM 450 Week 1 Discussion Question 2 contains:
Why are ethics important in personal and professional communication?
$5.19Buy an answer
Sign In to Your Account
Create Account
Thank you for registration!
Thank you for registration!
You password was sent to your email address !


text:
Archive for the 'Uncategorized' Category
Venue change: The Providence Baptist Church Development Conference is now being held at: Cleveland Public Auditorium and Conference Center 500 Lakeside Ave E, Cleveland, OH 44114 September 25th – PRAISEFEST (all are welcome) September 26th – Conference (PBC members only) September 27th – Unity Worship Service (all are welcome) See you there!!!Read More
Dear Family, Prayerfully you are well. During our special worship service on Wednesday evening, September 9, 2015 our Pastor asked that we fast along side him on the following days: Wednesday, September 16, 2015 | 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM Wednesday, September 23, 2015 | 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM We can fast […]Read More
2015 Pictures
The 2015 pictures have been added to our website… check them out by clicking on a picture on the left side of the screen. Enjoy!Read More
Alissa Ice Bucket Challenge
The plot thickens … who's next for the challenge?Read More
You Don't Want To Miss This…
So please register today for the 1st Providence Baptist Church Development Conference! Make sure you take the Spiritual Gift Assessment so you'll know which workshop best fits you. If you didn't receive the letter from Pastor Maiden you may use this link: https://goo.gl/BQ1BGmRead More
Water Challenge by QJ
See what QJ have to say about the Spiritual Gift Assessment and the Church Development Conference! See who he's challenging! It could be you …Read More
Are U ALL IN?!
Dear Providence family, I don't know about you, but I'm looking forward to our first Church Development Conference! In case you haven't already heard – Providence Baptist Church is having a weekend of praise, workshops, and a unity worship service. This all takes place on Friday, September 25th, Saturday, September 26th, and Sunday, September 27th […]Read More
Non-Conforming Conference
RONE2, Providence Baptist Church's Young Adult Ministry, is presenting the Non-Conforming Conference Thursday August 27th through Saturday Saturday August 29th, 2015. The conference is dedicated to helping young adults understand they do not have to conform to the ways of the world in which we live. The conference features worship, speakers and workshops. The official […]Read More
2015 Congregational Development Conference
We have some exciting news! In September Providence Baptist Church will host its first ever Congregational Development Conference. In support of our Decade of Destiny, we are looking forward to hosting our entire congregation at an awesome spiritual, educational and team building session. Our senior pastor Rodney Maiden and other church leaders will take us […]Read More
2015 Semi-Annual Church Meeting
On Wednesday July 22nd at 7PM Providence will host its semi-annual church meeting. This is an important meeting for all members of the Providence congregation. Financial and program updates will be provided by Pastor Rodney Maiden and other senior church leaders. This meeting is open ONLY to current congregation members of Providence Baptist Church. The […]Read More


text:
Sharjah Airport Hotel Will Open In April 2010
Published Date
Air Arabia will open the new three star 300 room Centro Hotel at Sharjah Airport in April 2010. The airline said that concrete for all four floors of the hotel is finished, and they expect the hotel will be completed below budget.
Air Arabia Chief Executive Adel Ali said the Centro by Rotana is an important part of the airlines expansion strategy. He said "In addition to enhancing the services offered by Air Arabia, the hotel will also strengthen ancillary revenues. In early 2007 Air Arabia announced the launch of Centro Hotel after signing a management agreement with Rotana Hotels under the Centro by Rotana brand.
Special Offers
Passenger traffic at Doha's Hamad International Airport grows by 20%Hamad International Airport (HIA) welcomed 17.6 million passengers during the first half of 2016, registering a growth of more than 20 per cent compared to the same period last
Turkish Airlines launches direct flights to Seychelles from IstanbulTurkish Airlines has added Seychelles to its global route map with the airline's inaugural flight landing at Mahé International Airport. This service brings the total number
More Hotels News
New seaside resort in Qatar
Friday, 07 October 2016
Those of you planning a trip to Qatar may want to check out Qatar's first leisure destination ...
Amaneesa restaurant reopens for the winter at the Ritz-Carlton, Dubai
Thursday, 06 October 2016
Amaseena, the outdoors restaurant at the Ritz-Carlton, Dubai, is reopening for the winter season ...
Family friendly Hotel Banana Island, Doha
Monday, 26 September 2016
Stay at the five star Banana Island Resort with your children. Only 10 minutes from Doha city ...
Immerse yourself in olives in Mallorca, Spain
Tuesday, 02 August 2016
If you are planning a trip to Mallorca visit the Sóller Valley which has a long history of ...
Ten spas to spoil yourself in
Sunday, 08 May 2016
Fancy a sand based exfoliation, or a rose steam bath, or a honey massage, or a zero gravity ...
Elaf Group's Makkah and Madinah hotels popular at ATM Dubai
Sunday, 01 May 2016
The Elaf Group of Saudi Arabia has revealed its successful participation at the recently ...
Start your Adventure
North & South America
Middle East
Discover a New Destination
Popular Destinations


text:
Interior Glass Doors in New Zealand
Category : Architects, Interior Designers Posted : 02/03/2016 Price : Check with seller Location : Auckland(Auckland)
Due to availability of modern architecture and designs, it has become easier to get finest crockery units to store away collectibles. Usually, an open kitchen flows into a dining space which then leads seamlessly into a living room. Home interior design We provide various interior designs to enhance living and dining space with modern crockery cabinet designs, which will meet your storage need.
For More Details visit us:
+91 80 88 86 0860


text:
Having problems with your iRobot Roomba 4210 Bagless Robotic Vacuum ?
My roomba has a new battery but only runs for 1/5 or 2 minutes and quits. Any suggestions??
Answers :
Did you fully charge the new battery?
Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for iRobot Roomba 4210 Bagless Robotic Vacuum
Tips for a great answer:- Provide details, support with references or personal experience .
- If you need clarification, ask it in the comment box .
- It's 100% free, no registration required.
Suggested Questions/Answers :
My roomba has a new battery but only runs for 1/5 or 2 minutes and quits. Any suggestions??
Did you fully charge the new battery? ... iRobot Roomba 4210 Bagless Robotic Vacuum
My Roomba runs for about 3 minutes, then shuts off. If you push the buttons(S,M,L max etc) it will restart for another 3 minutes. The battery is new???
You will need to remove the debris off the cleaning head module. ... Roomba Robotic Floor Bagless Vacuum
My Infinuvo Cleanmate QQ2 will not accept a full charge. It runs for 10 - 15 minutes and then says "battery low". I have a new battery and charger. I have charged it directly without the home base and have left it charging for days. Any suggestions? Thanks, Linda
... Infinuvo QQ1 CleanMate 365 Robotic Vacuum
Roomba does not beep anymore. Purchased new battery but does not run longer than a few minutes.
... iRobot Roomba Discovery SE Bagless Robotic Vacuum
New battery!, roomba runs for 5 - 10 seconds, stops, starts running, stops, runs, stops, then beeps and low battery flashes. Have taken battery out, held start button 20 seconds, replaced battery and directly connect to charger, 72 hours min., still same problem.
... iRobot Roomba Discovery SE Bagless Robotic Vacuum
Roomba 4270 stops too soon. my roomba got weird all of a sudden. it started not moving all over as it should. so I tore it all down as I had done before and cleaned all the hair and dirt out of every thing I could without getting down to the basic shell. it does work now and does move all over but stops after about 10 minutes. brand new battery so not a battery issue. could I have plugged some of the sensors in the wrong 'plug'
... iRobot Roomba 560 Robotic Vacuum
After charging overnight, Roomba only runs about 25 minutes before shutting down with a red light.At this point the battery measures 15.13 volts ( about 1.26 volts per cell ) My hobby experience is that a ni/cad or ni/mh battery nominal charged voltage is about 1.2 volts per cell, and that the recommended end point voltage should be about 1.0 volts per cell. Seems like the battery is ok, butsome kind of voltage regulator is shutting things down prematurely. Is this happening, and , if so, how ca
Reset the Roomba by removing it from the charger, then holding "spot" and "dock" for about twelve seconds. When you let go, the unit will play an ascending series of notes. Then recharge it overnight. If the run time is still short, give Customer Sup ... iRobot Roomba 560 Robotic Vacuum
Roomba stops running after 2 minutes
First drain the battery completely and then take out battery and charger and hold power button for 30 seconds and then clean the roomba with compressed air take out all compartments and blow air thoroughly everywhere especially near the wheels wher ... Roomba Robotic Floor Bagless Vacuum
My Roomba is moving real slow and turns very often then turns itself off after a few minutes. I have a new battery.
There's a chart in the back of your manual that lists the beep codes. If it says "contact customer support" under the "troubleshooting" section, call 1-877-855-8593. We'll be able to diagnose the problem based on the beep code and hopefully get your ... Roomba Robotic Floor Bagless Vacuum
I have a Roomba, it runs for a few minutes and stops, the battery is fully charged. Any ideas?
The battery isn't able to fully charge, it just retains the proper voltage, but lacks the amperage to run because the first and last battery in the pack are dead. Battery replacement time. Try Ebay for best battery pricing.BTW I use the nicad p ... iRobot Roomba 560 Robotic Vacuum
After a full charge will only run for about a minute then stop. New batteries purchased, same result.
I fixed that same problem!! take it apart and you will see tons or hair and long threads of string wrapped up around the bearing under the belt. its super easy. my 3 year old and i did it together. whats happening is all that gunk is making the belt ... Euro-Pro Cordless Bagless Upright Sweeper - Blue/Gray
My shark bagless sweeper worked for about 6 months. Like a previous blogger, I caught the edge of a rug that jammed the sweeper, three red lights blink, the brush is free moving yet the sweeper will not work. I did leave it plugged in all the time otherwise it would not run but for minutes. Very disappointed. New battery? what if that doesn't work? is it junk then, money down the drain.
This will probably cost you more to repair than to buy a new one. Does it turn on at all? ... Euro-Pro Cordless Bagless Upright Sweeper - Blue/Gray
Roomba charged (new battery just installed) and won't run
Charging circuit on the roomba will sometime stop the unit from running. Just repaired one the other day doing just that. (Replace the main board, if you don't haave electronic repair skills, or the equipment to do it) ... iRobot Roomba 4210 Bagless Robotic Vacuum
I installed a new battery in my Roomba 540. It charges and runs directly with power cord but will not charge on dock. When I push the dock button, it acts like it "sees" the dock and approaches it and even slides on, but then gets back off again and just keeps going back and forth until I turn it off.
... Roomba Robotic Floor Bagless Vacuum
Battery charge I just purchased a new battery pack insert for my Roomba, Replacement was a breeze and it now works great. My question is; The last battery I bought ( not from you) was a full cased roomba battery pack that didn't last a year. Roomba says leave the r Roomba charging all the time so it's ready when you need it, and that's nice but I feel that leaving it charging like that it will kill the battery faster as it is always warm to the touch. These battery's should last at least 5
Dave you are correct. You should never over-charge anything like a Roomba, Cel Phone, etc. That will kill a bettery very quickly. ... Roomba Robotic Floor Bagless Vacuum
My Roomba does not want to run on carpet for more than a minute.
... iRobot Roomba 550 Vacuum
I have iRobot Roomba 4210 and I have a problem with charge battery. The battery is new. When I charging a battery in other iRobot Roomba the battery was full charged. When I charging in my iRobot Roomba the battery was empty. My fast charger is OK.
The charging circuit on the main board is fried. This is a common issue. You need some good electronic repair skills, and equipment, to replace the problem components ... iRobot Roomba 4210 Bagless Robotic Vacuum
I purchased a brand new P113 Ryobi charger about 2 years ago. It has never worked. If I put a P104 battery in for a charge, it looks like it works correctly. I push the battery tester on the battery itself, and it says full charge, but when I go to use the bateery, it dies right away. I have tried three new P104 batteries. The batteries charge on my charger at work with no problem. The funny thing is, I don't need a battery in the charger and the charger does the same thing, It runs the test
If you have your receipt, check with Ryobi to see if it is still under warranty. It comes with either a 2 or 3 year warranty, depending on when it was purchased. If it is still covered, get it replaced/repaired. If it is not, buy the P117 charger. $3 ... Ryobi P113 18 Volt One Charger 140501001
HOOVER 6430-900 Runs for about a minute or two and shuts off. Wait a while and it will run again. Changed the belts, new bag, new filter. Seems to put out a lot of heat when running.
Hoover Fined for Failing to Report Vacuum Cleaner Fire Hazard\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\015\012\01 ... Hoover U6437-900 / U6439-900 Windtunnel Bagged Upright Vacuum
The motor running the beater bar on ny Electrolux canister vacuum cleaner runs intermittently. It runs about 2 minutes and then cuts off and automatically starts again after a 1 to 2 minute interval. I have tried taking it apart and removing the dust and grit in the beater bar attachment but with no change in operation. What would you suggest?
Check all the wiring connections to make sure they're tight. \015\0121/2. Wiring to power nozzle motor or reset switch is loose.\015\0121. Cord from power nozzle to upper wand. If the plastic portion of the wand is cracked near the co ... Electrolux UltraLux 2000 Bagged Canister Vacuum
My robot will not charge. Tried multiple resets and new battery from irobot.com (both suggested by Irobot customer service) but got nowhere. The vacuum did work for a short time (until the new partially charged battery ran out). If I bypass the internal charging circuits and charge directly from the charger (with jumpers) the robot seems to work fine. Unfortunatey, there is no mechanism to turn off the charge cycle, so this is not practical.
Replace the battery charger ... iRobot Roomba 4210 Bagless Robotic Vacuum
... iRobot Roomba 550 Vacuum
My iRobot Roomba runs for about ten minutes, then shuts off. I can keep pushing the clean button and it will run for another ten minutes and stop again. Nothing seems to get clean.
Take the brush rolls out and you should see a copper disc. It is the dirt sensor. Clean it with Windex or some other cleaner. This works sometimes. ... iRobot Roomba 550 Vacuum
I have a Roomba Discovery. In the past, I had to replace the charging dock. Then the battery died so I did not use it for two years. I finally bought a new battery and used the Roomba. It worked great. It did not find the docking station, and died. I have been charging it and the red light pulsates, but after 16 hours, it still is not charged...any ideas?
Hello. Turn your robot over and clean the charging contacts with the eraser end of a common pencil. Then Charge it and you should be up and running again. Regards, Joe ... Vacuums
Nilfisk GD-2000. Same problem with the new vacuum as the old one, runs 30 seconds to a minute & shuts down. Sometimes it'll start & run another 30 seconds or so, but shuts down. Other times it won't start back up at all. No clogs & bag is new. Please help.
... Vacuums


text:
Re: crouching tiger, hidden dragon
Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2003 9:18 pm
WELL disagreein with all of you guys i think the movie was OK ! someparts not all that but, it was purdy GOOD! but, if you would have to compare it with other movies NAWW i can't judge haha(so if it was all that why did it win all those nomations i guess haha j/w)


text:
K&K Hotel Maria Theresia
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 132 smoke-free guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Breakfast available
- Fitness center
- Self parking
- Spa services
- Business center
- Airport shuttle
- In-room childcare
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Babysitting or childcare
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
- Refrigerator
What's around
- In Neubau
- Zoom (0.2 mi / 0.3 km)
- Leopold Museum (0.3 mi / 0.4 km)
- Museum of Natural History (0.3 mi / 0.6 km)
- Austrian Parliament Building (0.5 mi / 0.7 km)
- Hofburg Imperial Palace (0.6 mi / 1 km)
K&K Hotel Maria Theresiafrom S$155
- Standard Double - Breakfast incl.
- Standard Single - Breakfast incl.
- Family Room
- Executive Room
- Executive Single Room
- Classic Double or Twin Room
- Classic Single Room
- Classic Triple Room
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 132 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 6 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-midnight
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Pets allowed *
- Restrictions apply *
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available 24 hours) *
- Self parking *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Four Star Vienna hotels
In the hotel
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Fitness facilities
- Spa services on site
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Sauna
- Business center
- One meeting room
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Premium bedding
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Flat-screen TV
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Refrigerator
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
Top Vienna hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Vienna
- Der WilhelmshofFrom
"Close to the praterstern station with excellent connectivity to all sights. Nice, clean and big room, though the bed and pillows could be improved. Breakfast has a good spread for…"Dec 4, 2016
- Hotel RoyalFrom
"My third time at Hotel Royal. Staff greeted this familiar face with "welcome back smile" & reception gave flexible arrangements. Even staff at breakfast were friendlier than usual…"Dec 4, 2016
- Motel One Wien-HauptbahnhofFrom
"The hotel is new with nice design. It comes with all basic necessity just right across the main train station. This place is very suitable for travelers."Dec 1, 2016
- Lindner Hotel am BelvedereFrom
"very comfortable stay"Nov 30, 2016
Nearby hotels
Recommended hotels
Special features
DiningBistro - This bistro specializes in international cuisine and serves lunch, dinner, and light fare. Open daily.
K&K Hotel Maria Theresia's small print
Also known as
- K&K Hotel Maria Theresia
- K&K Hotel Maria Theresia Vienna
- K&K Maria Theresia
- K&K Maria Theresia Hotel
- K&K Maria Theresia Vienna
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A 2.832 percent city/local tax will be charged
- Resort fee: 3.2 percent of room rate
Optional extras
Self parking costs EUR 20.00 per day
Rollaway beds are available for EUR 60 per night
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 27 per pet, per night
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Excellent 4.5 /5 from 337 reviews
Very conveniently located hotel with good breakfast and clean rooms
very nice friendly and clean hotel. very classy hotel with great facilities superb breakfast. will come again and recommend to friends.
Amazing Location
We arrived at this hotel on a cold, rainy morning after taking the OBB night train from Milan. Although it was before the normal check-in time, the desk staff on duty, a nice yet professional young woman, was kind enough to allow us to check in, which really helped with our visit and allowed us to get on with our plans - and get some dry clothes on. The room was spacious, clean, and had a heated floor in the bathroom. Breakfast was not included, but we did not have this expectation, either. The hotel was situated on a quiet street, which seemed at first a little dicey, but these fears were unfounded. The hotel was very close to the Museumquartier, and easy walking distance to the Naschmarkt and the Secession House. For a very brief stay, we were very satisfied, with one exception. The desk staff member on duty on the morning of our departure, a young man, was quite haughty and disdainful. The very request about luggage storage was troublesome to him, and he felt compelled to ensure that the newspapers on the lobby table had not been disrupted by my wife after she went near them. We will give serious positive consideration to staying here again when we next visit Vienna.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us