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February 13, 1931
INTERNATIONAL TICKET SCALE CORPORATIONv.RHODES-HOCHRIEM MFG. CO.
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the District of Delaware; Hugh M. Morris, Judge.
Before BUFFINGTON and WOOLLEY, Circuit Judges, and THOMPSON, District Judge.
BUFFINGTON, Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal by the defendant from a decree in a patent suit based on Letters patent No. 1,558,644 of Theodore L. Smith, Jr., for a scale, issued October 27, 1925, and owned by the plaintiff. After hearing, the court below entered a decree holding claims 4 and 5 of the patent valid and infringed.
The invention, admittedly not a broad one, is limited to that part of a penny in the slot weighing machine where the mechanism is adjusted, calibrated, or "sealed" to insure accurate recordation of the weight of a person standing on the treadle.It relates, as the patentee says, "to the connection between the lever mechanism and the indicating mechanism * * * and its object is to produce a device of this character which can be accurately made so that the indicating mechanism will move equal distances for equal increments of load on the lever mechanism," and thus cause an accurate record of the load.
The only mechanism of such a weighing machine that is visible from the outside is the treadle, the upstanding case, and the weightrecording dial. The treadle at the bottom and the dial at the top are connected inside the case by mechanism all old save the one patented feature. The hidden old elements and the one new element (italicized), rising progressively upward from the treadle to the dial, are a connection between the treadle and a spring-suspended cross-bar, two upwardly projecting links, one loosely attached to the cross-bar, the other loosely attached to the case, and both loosely at their upper ends by a pin; a sliding contact between the pin and the lower or sealed end of a rackbar whose meshed upper part engages the meshes of a wheel and causes the wheel, when set in motion by the downward drag of the weight on the treadle, to rotate inside and the hand of the dial to rotate outside, thus registering the weight. More specifically, the invention relates only to the links above the cross-bar and the lower or sealed end of the rack-bar and the connection between these members, the patentee saying:
"My present invention consists in a novel connection between the cross-bar 9 and the rack-bar 14. A plate 15 may be formed on or attached to lower end of the rack-bar and a bracket 16 carried by the case supports a pivot 17 on which the link 18 is mounted. An adjustable bolt 19 carries a pin 20 on which a second link 22 is mounted. The two links are connected and spaced by a pin 23 and the plate 15 rests on this pin."
At the point of contact of links 18 and 22 (through pin 23), with a plate 15 at the bottom end of the rack-bar, the pin of the two links at their juncture sweeps against plate 15 downwardly and horizontally when a weight is placed on the treadle, which causes accurate recordation of the weight after plate 15 has been filed, calibrated, or sealed under test weights in the course of its manufacture.
The invention, claimed to be new, is said to be useful because it permits of accurate sealing and effects accurate recording.
The defendant does not specifically challenge the validity of the patent, but, in its defense of noninfringement, relies on the contention that, if the patent is valid at all, its claims are so narrow in view of the art that the defendant has not infringed; and, conversely, if the patent claims are stretched so broadly as to cover the defendant's structure, then the claims, likewise, cover prior art and prior public uses, and are invalid.
While we have carefully studied the prior patents and proofs of prior uses, there are only two alleged anticipating or limiting devices to which we shall refer. One is the Columbia scale with a spring-suspended crossbar similar to that of the patent, having an upward projection in sliding contact with a sealed projection depending from another member functioning as a rack-bar. The other is the Caille-Washington scale of the Hochriem patent, No. 1,584,097, with a rocking-beam in place of a cross-bar, one of whose ends is loosely mounted on the case and the other end is spring-suspended, carrying a pin somewhat like the link pin 23 of the patent, in sliding contact with the lower sealed end of a rack-bar of the type of the patent. Without discussing the proofs, it suffices to say that all three devices operate on substantially the same principle, that is, each causes some part or connection of the weight-drawn member -- cross-bar or rocking-beam -- to slide on the rack-bar, or its equivalent, after the contour of one or the other has been altered, adjusted, or sealed to respond accurately to test weights.
The invention of the patent, if any, is to be found in the difference between its rackbar contact and the rack-bar contacts of the other two devices and, particularly, in the difference with respect to ease of sealing the rack-bar member to effect accurate weighing and accurate weight recordation. The defendant's alleged infringing device is really a combination of certain elements of the old Columbia and Washington devices in somewhat changed positions. It differs from the device of the patent mechanically, in that the calibrated or sealed member, instead of being the lower end of the rack-bar, is an upward projection from a rocking-beam, the Washington scale equivalent of cross-bar 9 of the patent, positioned to sweep against a pin in the nonsealed bottom of the rack-bar on its descent. It resembles the device of the patent operatively, in that the sweep of the sealed member across the unsealed member has the same combined downward and horizontal curve as that of the sliding nonsealed member of the patent. Yet the Columbia scale has in reverse position the same or a kindred sweep of its sealed member, curved and functioning in much the same way.
We are constrained to hold without further discussion that the claims of the patent in suit, if valid, are so narrow in view of the art that the defendant's device does not infringe them.
The decree is reversed, with direction that another decree be entered holding the claims in suit not infringed.
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April 19, 2013
ANTHONY RIDIO, PLAINTIFF,v.CAROLYN W. COLVIN, ACTING COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,*FN1 DEFENDANT.
Plaintiff seeks review of the Commissioner's final decision denying his application for Social Security disability insurance benefits ("DIB"). The parties consented to the jurisdiction of the undersigned U.S. Magistrate Judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). This matter is before the Court on the parties' Joint Stipulation, filed November 5, 2012, which the Court has taken under submission without oral argument. For the reasons stated below, the Commissioner's decision is reversed and this matter is remanded for further proceedings.
Plaintiff was born on June 24, 1945. (Administrative Record ("AR") 42.) He attended several years of college but did not graduate. (AR 42-43, 194.) Plaintiff had worked for about 30 years as a "literary intellectual properties manager" and producer in the film industry and later worked for about three years as a salesman and leasing agent at a car dealership. (AR 43, 45, 137-39.) Plaintiff stopped working after he was injured in a car accident during a test drive with a customer on July 2, 2005 (AR 44-45, 278), when Plaintiff was 60 years old.
On August 8, 2008, Plaintiff filed an application for DIB, alleging a disability onset date of July 1, 2005.*fn2 (AR 61, 119-22, 125-127.) After Plaintiff's application was denied, he requested a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ"). (AR 79-81.) A hearing was held on September 2, 2010, at which Plaintiff, who was represented by counsel, testified, as did a vocational expert. (AR 39-59.) On October 7, 2010, the ALJ issued a written decision finding Plaintiff not disabled. (AR 15-27.) On November 17, 2010, Plaintiff requested review of the ALJ's decision. (AR 116-18.) On November 10, 2011, after considering additional evidence submitted by Plaintiff, the Appeals Council denied his request for review. (AR 1-5.) This action followed.
Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), a district court may review the Commissioner's decision to deny benefits. The ALJ's findings and decision should be upheld if they are free of legal error and supported by substantial evidence based on the record as a whole. § 405(g); Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401, 91 S. Ct. 1420, 1427, 28 L. Ed. 2d 842 (1971); Parra v. Astrue, 481 F.3d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence means such evidence as a reasonable person might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Richardson, 402 U.S. at 401; Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028, 1035 (9th Cir. 2007). It is more than a scintilla but less than a preponderance. Lingenfelter, 504
F.3d at 1035 (citing Robbins v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 882 (9th Cir. 2006)). To determine whether substantial evidence supports a finding, the reviewing court "must review the administrative record as a whole, weighing both the evidence that supports and the evidence that detracts from the Commissioner's conclusion." Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 720 (9th Cir. 1996). "If the evidence can reasonably support either affirming or reversing," the reviewing court "may not substitute its judgment" for that of the Commissioner. Id. at 720-21.
People are "disabled" for purposes of receiving Social Security benefits if they are unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity owing to a physical or mental impairment that is expected to result in death or which has lasted, or is expected to last, for a continuous period of at least 12 months. 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); Drouin v. Sullivan, 966 F.2d 1255, 1257 (9th Cir. 1992).
A. The Five-Step Evaluation Process
The ALJ follows a five-step sequential evaluation process in assessing whether a claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4); Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 828 n.5 (9th Cir. 1995) (as amended Apr. 9, 1996). In the first step, the Commissioner must determine whether the claimant is currently engaged in substantial gainful activity; if so, the claimant is not disabled and the claim must be denied. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If the claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful activity, the second step requires the Commissioner to determine whether the claimant has a "severe" impairment or combination of impairments significantly limiting his ability to do basic work activities; if not, the claimant is not disabled and the claim must be denied. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If the claimant has a "severe" impairment or combination of impairments, the third step requires the Commissioner to determine whether the impairment or combination of impairments meets or equals an impairment in the Listing of Impairments ("Listing") set forth at 20 C.F.R., Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1; if so, disability is conclusively presumed and benefits are awarded. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If the claimant's impairment or combination of impairments does not meet or equal an impairment in the Listing, the fourth step requires the Commissioner to determine whether the claimant has sufficient residual functional capacity ("RFC")*fn3 to perform his past work; if so, the claimant is not disabled and the claim must be denied. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). The claimant has the burden of proving that he is unable to perform past relevant work. Drouin, 966 F.2d at 1257. If the claimant meets that burden, a prima facie case of disability is established. Id. If that happens or if the claimant has no past relevant work, the Commissioner then bears the burden of establishing that the claimant is not disabled because he can perform other substantial gainful work available in the national economy. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). That determination comprises the fifth and final step in the sequential analysis. § 404.1520; Lester, 81 F.3d at 828 n.5; Drouin, 966 F.2d at 1257.
B. The ALJ's Application of the Five-Step Process
At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since July 1, 2005. (AR 17.) At step two, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff had the severe impairments of cervical and lumbar strain. (Id.) At step three, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff's impairments did not meet or equal any of the impairments in the Listing. (Id.) At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had the RFC to perform "medium work" with the limitation that Plaintiff could only occasionally perform postural activities and was "mildly limited" in his ability to understand and remember tasks, sustain concentration and persistence, interact with the general public, and adapt to workplace change. (AR 17-18.) The ALJ concluded that Plaintiff could perform his past relevant work as a car salesman as it was generally performed.*fn4 (AR 25-26.) Based on the VE's testimony, the ALJ also found that Plaintiff could perform other medium- and light-work jobs that existed in the national economy. (AR 26.) Accordingly, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff was not disabled. (AR 27.)
On July 2, 2005, Plaintiff was injured during a customer's test drive of a car he was attempting to sell. (AR 271, 278, 290.) When paramedics arrived, Plaintiff was "walking around on scene" but complained of head, neck, and shoulder pain. (AR 278.) At the hospital, an x-ray of Plaintiff's skull revealed no significant skeletal abnormalities. (AR 287.) An x-ray of Plaintiff's cervical spine showed "[m]oderate C5-6 cervical spondylosis" and "[p]ossible left focal carotid vascular calcification." (AR 288.) X-rays of his thoracic spine showed "[m]ild lower thoracic bridging osteophytosis." (AR 289.) Plaintiff was prescribed Vicodin, Anaprox, and Flexeril and was released the same day.*fn5 (AR 273-75.)
Sometime thereafter, Plaintiff filed a worker's compensation claim concerning the injuries he received from the car accident. On October 27, 2005, Plaintiff underwent a lumbar-spine MRI at the request of his chiropractor. (AR 361-66.) It showed (1) disc desiccation and decreased disc height at L1 to L2, with a
3.5-millimeter disc protrusion that produced mild spinal-canal narrowing; (2) a 3.5-millimeter disc protrusion at L2 to L3, with bilateral facet arthropathy, mild to moderate spinal-canal narrowing, mild to moderate bilateral neuroforaminal encroachment, and encroachment on the L2 exiting nerve roots; (3) disc desiccation and decreased disc height at L3 to L4, with a 3.5-millimeter disc protrusion, bilateral facet arthropathy, moderate spinal-canal narrowing, moderate to severe bilateral neuroforminal encroachment, and effacement of the L3 exiting nerve roots; (4) disc desiccation and decreased disc height at L4 to L5, with a 2.3-millimeter disc protrusion, bilateral facet arthropathy, mild to moderate spinal-canal narrowing, moderate to severe right and moderate left neuroforaminal encroachment, and impingement on the right and encroachment of the left L4 exiting nerve roots; (5) disc desiccation at L5 to S1, with a 2.6-millimeter central disc protrusion with bilateral facet arthropathy, mild to moderate spinal-canal narrowing, mild bilateral neuroforaminal encroachment, and encroachment on the L5 exiting nerve root; and (6) moderate hypolordosis of the lumbar spine, with left lateral convexity. (AR 361-62.)
Plaintiff alleges that the ALJ erred in (1) rejecting the opinions of his treating and examining physicians and (2) discounting his subjective symptom testimony. (J. Stip. at 3.)
A. The ALJ's Evaluation of the Medical Evidence With regard to his physical impairments, Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in rejecting the opinions of examining physicians Lawrence M. Richman and Ray L. Craemer and treating physician Charles Schwarz. (J. Stip. at 4-8, 10-13, 20-21.) With regard to his mental impairments, Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in rejecting the opinion of an examining psychologist. (J. Stip. at 8-10, 21.)
1. Applicable law
Three types of physicians may offer opinions in social security cases: "(1) those who treat[ed] the claimant (treating physicians); (2) those who examine[d] but d[id] not treat the claimant (examining physicians); and (3) those who neither examine[d] nor treat[ed] the claimant (non-examining physicians)." Lester, 81 F.3d at 830. A treating physician's opinion is generally entitled to more weight than the opinion of a doctor who examined but did not treat the claimant, and an examining physician's opinion is generally entitled to more weight than that of a nonexamining physician. Id.
The opinions of treating physicians are generally afforded more weight than the opinions of nontreating physicians because treating physicians are employed to cure and have a greater opportunity to know and observe the claimant. Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1285 (9th Cir. 1996). If a treating physician's opinion is well supported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques and is not inconsistent with the other substantial evidence in the record, it should be given controlling weight. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2). If a treating physician's opinion is not given controlling weight, its weight is determined by length of the treatment relationship, frequency of examination, nature and extent of the treatment relationship, amount of evidence supporting the opinion, consistency with the record as a whole, the doctor's area of specialization, and other factors. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)-(6).
When a treating or examining doctor's opinion is not contradicted by another doctor, it may be rejected only for "clear and convincing" reasons. Carmickle v. Comm'r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155, 1164 (9th Cir. 2008) (quoting Lester, 81 F.3d at 830-31). When a treating or examining physician's opinion conflicts with another doctor's, the ALJ must provide only "specific and legitimate reasons" for discounting the treating doctor's opinion. Id. The weight given an examining physician's opinion, moreover, depends on whether it is consistent with the record and accompanied by adequate explanation, among other things. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(3).
2. The ALJ erred in evaluating the evidence of Plaintiff's physical impairments
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in rejecting the opinions of examining physicians Richman and Craemer and treating physician Schwarz.*fn6 (J. Stip. at 4-8, 10-13, 20-21.) For the reasons discussed below, the Court agrees that the ALJ failed to provide specific and legitimate reasons, supported by substantial evidence, for rejecting the controverted opinions of those examining and treating physicians.
a. The medical opinions
i. Dr. Craemer
On March 2, 2006, Dr. Craemer, who was board certified in orthopaedic surgery, examined Plaintiff as part of his worker's compensation case. (AR 318-29.) Plaintiff reported to Dr. Craemer that he thought chiropractic treatments had "helped" and he "had less pain and better motion." (AR 320.) Dr. Craemer summarized the October 2005 MRI scan and other medical records (AR 320, 324-25) and noted that Plaintiff was using over-the-counter medications and moved his cervical spine and low back "carefully." (AR 320-21.)
Upon examination, Dr. Craemer found that Plaintiff's cervical and lumbar spine had reduced range of motion, tenderness, and spasm. (AR 321-23.) In the upper extremities, sensation was intact, motor power was strong and equal, and reflexes were 2 and equal. (AR 322.) Plaintiff's grip was 22-20-20 on the right and 24-24-22 on the left, and he had trigger finger of the right ring finger. (Id.) Sensation in the right anterior thigh and right anterior calf was decreased, but sensation was otherwise intact in the lower extremities. (AR 323.) Reflexes in the lower extremities had decreased but motor power was "strong and equal." (Id.) Plaintiff walked with a "slow gait, but no limp," and he could perform heel and toe walking "without difficulty." (AR 322-23.) His posture was "abnormal" and he had "lost his lumbar lordosis." (AR 322.)
Dr. Craemer diagnosed "[h]yper flexion ligamentous cervical sprain superimposed on cervical degenerative disease"; "[c]erebral concussion with persistent frontal cephalgia"; "cervical C5-6 degenerative disc disease, pre-existing"; "[l]igamentous low back sprain with right radiculopathy (meralgia paresthetica)"*fn7 ; "[l]umbar spine degenerative disc disease, multilevel, pre-existing, non symptomatic"; and "[r]ight ring finger, stenosing tenosynovitis, secondary contusion." (AR 326.) Dr. Craemer recommended that Plaintiff be evaluated by a neurologist, who could prescribe medications and physical therapy, if necessary; be referred to an anesthesiologist for a course of lumbar epidurals, if appropriate; undergo hand-surgery consultation if ring-finger locking persisted; and receive further testing. (AR 327-28.) Dr. Craemer opined that Plaintiff was "temporarily totally disabled."*fn8 (AR 328.)
On April 24, 2007, Dr. Craemer reexamined Plaintiff as part of his worker's compensation case. (AR 299-314.) Dr. Craemer noted that Plaintiff had "problems with hearing" and that November 2006 EMG and nerve conduction studies showed "[r]ight C7 radiculopathy with evidence of S1 radiculopathy, both on the left," and "absence of right lateral femoral cutaneous nerve." (AR 301-02.) Dr. Craemer also summarized Plaintiff's other medical records. (AR 301-02, 306-09.)
Upon examination, Dr. Craemer found that Plaintiff had tenderness and reduced range of motion of the cervical and lumbar spine and spasm of the cervical spine. (AR 303-05.) Sensation in the upper extremities was intact and motor power was strong and equal. (AR 304.) Sensation in the right lateral thigh and lateral femoral cutaneous was reduced at 4/5, but sensation was otherwise intact in the lower extremities. (AR 305.) Motor power was 4.5/5 in the right tibialis anterior and 5/5 in other lower-extremity muscles. (Id.) Reflexes in the upper and lower extremities were "2 and equal." (AR 304, 306.) Plaintiff's grip was 30-30-28 on the right and 24-24-22 on the left, and he had "mild" trigger finger in the right ring finger. (AR 304.) Plaintiff walked with "an antalgic gait favoring the right leg" but "[h]eel and toe walking [were] accomplished without difficulty." (AR 305.)
As in his March 2006 report, Dr. Craemer diagnosed "[h]yperflexion ligamentous cervical sprain superimposed on cervical degenerative disease"; "[c]erebral concussion with persistent frontal cephalgia"; "cervical C5-6 degenerative disc disease, pre-existing"; "[l]igamentous low back sprain with right radiculopathy (meralgia paresthetica)"; "[l]umbar spine degenerative disc disease, multilevel, pre-existing, non-symptomatic"; and "[r]ight ring finger, stenosing tenosynovitis, secondary contusion." (AR 309-10.) Dr. Craemer also diagnosed the additional impairment of bilateral hearing loss. (AR 310.) He listed his "objective findings" regarding Plaintiff's cervical spine as including "[p]ain on range of motion; tenderness over the cervical spinous ligaments; multilevel on the plain films noted to be abnormal." (AR 310.) His findings regarding Plaintiff's lumbar spine included "[p]ain on range of motion, multilevel disc disease noted on MRI; positive straight leg raising; decreased sensation in right lateral thigh; atrophy of right calf." (Id.)
Dr. Craemer opined that "[f]or the cervical spine," Plaintiff was precluded from repetitive motions of the neck, prolonged postural positioning of the neck in flexion, and repetitive work above shoulder level. (AR 311.) For the low back, Plaintiff was precluded from "heavy work" and could not "do sitting or standing greater than 30 minutes or prolonged walking greater than one hour without a change in position of 5-8 minutes after which he [could] resume a similar period of the same activity and repeat this sequence throughout an eight-hour day." (Id.) Under "Future Medical," Dr. Craemer stated that Plaintiff "will need periodic access for prescription modalities of care" and "should be provided with a pool/spa membership" so he could "handle minor exacerbations on his own." (AR 312-13.) Dr. Craemer noted that Plaintiff "may need a course of physical therapy and/or chiropractic therapy" for "acute exacerbations" and that a transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-simulation unit or electrical simulator "may be indicated on a home basis at the discretion of the treating doctor." (AR 313.) He believed that myofascial injections "may be indicated" for the cervical or lumbar spine and that epidurals "may be indicated" for the lumbar spine, but not for the cervical spine. (Id.) Dr. Craemer stated that he would "not expect operative treatment being indicated in the future" for Plaintiff's cervical spine, but "for the lumbar spine, given the radiculopathy, if he has deterioration he may need operation for the lumbar spine." (Id.) Dr. Craemer stated that if Plaintiff's trigger finger persisted, he would need an "operative release, which is a simple outpatient procedure."*fn9
(Id.) Dr. Craemer believed that Plaintiff could not return to his former type of work. (Id.)
ii. Dr. Richman
Dr. Richman, who was board certified in psychiatry, neurology, and electrodiagnostic medicine, examined Plaintiff on September 20, 2006, and later completed a "Complex Neurologic Consultation/Agreed Medical Examination" as part of Plaintiff's workers' compensation case.*fn10 (AR 243-63.) Dr. Richman summarized Plaintiff's medical records, including Plaintiff's x-rays and MRI and Dr. Craemer's March 2006 report. (AR 246-56.) Upon examination, Dr. Richman found that Plaintiff had normal cranial nerves, "with the exception of diminished auditory acuity to finger rub on the left," and "full motor force throughout with no evidence of weakness, wasting or fasciculations." (AR 245.) Plaintiff had "diminished sensation in the C6 and C7 distribution on the right," "diminished sensation over the right thigh in the distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve," and "diminished sensation of the left lower limb in the L4-5 and L5-S1 distribution." (AR 245.) Deep tendon reflexes were "1 and symmetrical." (Id.) His gait was normal but he had an "unstable" tandem gait. (Id.)
Dr. Richman found that Plaintiff's cervical spine had tenderness and "straightening of the cervical lordosis with increased tension but no frank spasm." (Id.) Plaintiff's lumbar spine had tenderness, a negative straight-leg test, and "straightening of the lumbar lordosis with increased tension but no frank spasm." (Id.) Dr. Richman conducted an EMG and nerve study and found "C7 radiculopathy on the right," "S1 radiculopathy on the left," and "absent response of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve on the right consistent with meralgia parasthetica." (AR 246.) Dr. Richman noted that "[e]lectrodiagnostic testing today does confirm the presence of an injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the right thigh, which is a pure sensory nerve," as well as "cervical radiculopathy on the right and lumbar radiculopathy on the left involving the C7 and the S1 root, respectively." (AR 258.) Dr. Richman also noted that Plaintiff had undergone a sleep study in October 2006, which had shown obstructive sleep apnea "of substantial magnitude as well as some elements that support some panic and restlessness." (Id.; see also AR 266.)
Dr. Richman's diagnosis included (1) history of head contusion and posttraumatic headaches related to his car accident, (2) history of posttramatic head syndrome, (3) cervical spine strain/sprain and cervical radiculopathy on the right, (4) lumbar spine strain/sprain and lumbar radiculopathy on the left,
(5) injury to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve on the right related to seat-belt injury, (6) obstructive sleep apnea, (7) sleep disturbance unrelated to sleep apnea, and (8) "[t]raumatic-induced" vestibular injury. (AR 257.) Dr. Richman opined that as to his cervical spine, Plaintiff was precluded from "repetitive flexion/extension of the neck and head," working above the shoulder level, and repetitive rotation of the head and neck; as to the lumbar spine, Plaintiff was precluded from "heavy work"; and as to his posttraumatic head syndrome, he was precluded from working in a "very stressful" environment. (AR 260.) Dr. Richman summarily noted that Plaintiff was "not a surgical candidate at the cervical or lumbar levels." (Id.)
iii. Dr. Schwarz
On December 27, 2007, Dr. Schwarz, who specialized in orthopedic surgery, sports medicine, and arthroscopic surgery, examined Plaintiff and completed a "comprehensive orthopedic primary treating physician consultation" as part of Plaintiff's worker's compensation case. (AR 545-60.) Dr. Schwarz summarized Drs. Craemer's and Richman's reports and Plaintiff's other medical records, including his MRI, EMG, nerve conduction study, and sleep study. (AR 553-58.) Dr. Schwarz also noted that Plaintiff was taking sleeping pills and Motrin. (AR 548.)
Upon examination, Dr. Schwarz found that Plaintiff walked without a limp, could sit and lie down on the examination table without assistance, had "5" strength and intact sensation in the upper extremities, and had intact strength and sensation in the lower extremities. (AR 549, 552.) Plaintiff had positive straight-leg-raising tests in the seated and supine positions. (AR 552.) Plaintiff's grip was 30-28-30 on the right and 30-32-31 on the left. (AR 553.) Dr. Schwarz diagnosed cervical spine musculoligamentous sprain with degenerative disc disease; cerebral concussion with persistent frontal cephalgia; lumbosacral spine musculoligamentous sprain with right-lower-extremity radiculopathy and meralgia paresthetica; stenosing tenosynovities, right ring finger; bilateral hearing loss; and psychiatric injury. (AR 558.) He recommended that Plaintiff "continue with Motrin for pain and inflamation," undergo operative release of his trigger finger, and see specialists for evaluation of his hearing loss and psychiatric complaints. (AR 560.) Dr. Schwarz opined that Plaintiff was unable to return to work at that time. (Id.)
After the initial consultation and report, Dr. Schwarz treated Plaintiff about once a month from January 2008 to at least December 2010 (see, e.g., AR 453-54, 516-17, 523, 544, 684, 778, 782-90, 1011-24) and occasionally submitted reports and authorization requests as part of Plaintiff's worker's compensation case. On May 23, 2008, Dr. Schwarz completed a prolonged-service report noting that Plaintiff "in the past has had good benefit from chiropractic care" and "[a]uthorization for additional chiropractic care would be appropriate based upon his improvement." (AR 694.) On June 6, 2008, Dr. Schwarz completed a prolonged-service report and opined that Plaintiff continued to be temporarily totally disabled. (AR 690-91.)
On August 14, 2008, Dr. Schwarz completed a "comprehensive orthopedic primary treating physician follow-up consultation." (AR 427-33.) Dr. Schwarz noted that Plaintiff walked without a limp and could sit and lie down on the examination table without assistance. (AR 428.) Plaintiff had 5 strength, intact sensation, "2" reflexes in the upper extremities, and intact strength and sensation and "2" reflexes in the lower extremities. (AR 428-29.) A straight-leg-raising test was positive. (AR 429.) As in his December 2007 report, Dr. Schwarz diagnosed cervical spine musculoligamentous sprain with degenerative disc disease; cerebral concussion; lumbosacral spine musculoligamentous sprain with right-lower-extremity radiculopathy and meralgia paresthetica; stenosing tenosynovities, right ring finger; hearing loss; and psychiatric injury. (AR 430.) Dr. Schwarz stated that he had reviewed Dr. Craemer's April 2007 report and Dr. Richman's September 2008 report and had "no significant disagreement with the recommendations as expressed by Dr. Craemer and by Dr. Richman." (AR 431-32.) Dr. Schwarz did state, however, that he believed Plaintiff had an "additional disability/impairment based upon his hearing loss injury as well as psychiatric injury which have not been previously addressed." (AR 432.)
On October 14, 2008, Dr. Schwarz completed a prolonged-service report
stating that Plaintiff continued to experience "significant pain for
the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine"; "may have fibromyalgia"; and
was taking Ambien, cyclobenzaprine, and Xanax.*fn11
(AR 369.) On December 14, 2009, Dr. Schwarz completed an authorization
request, noting that Plaintiff complained of stiffness and pain in the
lower extremities and had "significant peripheral edema." (AR 780.)
Dr. Schwarz requested authorization for "evaluation for the peripheral
edema to determine causation and possible treatment on industrial
basis." (Id.) On December 8, 2010, Dr. Schwarz completed an
authorization request noting that Plaintiff had chronic pain
and would benefit from chiropractic treatment and acupuncture.*fn12
iv. Dr. Sourehnissani
On June 5, 2009, Dr. Mehran Sourehnissani, who was board certified in internal medicine, performed an internal-medicine evaluation of Plaintiff at the Social Security Administration's request. (AR 735-39.) Dr. Sourehnissani noted Plaintiff's report that his pain was aggravated by prolonged standing and walking, lifting objects, and bending over, and it was relieved by "rest and pain medication." (AR 735.) Dr. Sourehnissani found that Plaintiff had no tenderness or spasm and grossly normal range of motion of the cervical spine. (AR 737.) Plaintiff had tenderness, spasm, and limited range of motion of the lumbar spine but a negative straight-leg-raising test. (Id.) Plaintiff had an "unremarkable" neurological examination, showing intact sensation, good motor tone and motion, strength of 5/5 throughout, a normal gait, and no atrophy or fasciculation. (AR 738.) Dr. Sourehnissani noted that x-rays, which were taken in June 2009 and attached to her report, showed "early hypertrophic lipping" and "splinting to the left suggesting muscle spasm."*fn13 (AR 738, 740.) Under "impression," Dr. Sourehnissani stated that Plaintiff was "a 63-year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle accident in 2005 with residual low back pain." (AR 738.) She opined that Plaintiff could lift and carry 50 pounds occasionally and 25 pounds frequently, stand and walk for six hours, sit for six hours, and occasionally climb, stoop, kneel, and crouch. (Id.)
b. Analysis
With regard to Plaintiff's physical limitations, the ALJ found that Plaintiff's serious impairments included only "cervical and lumbar strain" and that he retained the RFC to perform "medium work" that was limited to only occasionally performing postural activities such as climbing, stooping, kneeling, and crouching. (AR 17-18, 23-24.) In doing so, the ALJ accorded "little, if any, weight" to the opinions of Drs. Richman, Craemer, and Schwarz and "greater weight" to the opinion of examining physician Sourehnissani. (AR 20-22, 23-24.) As discussed below, however, the ALJ failed to give specific and legitimate reasons that were supported by substantial evidence for rejecting the opinions of Drs. Richman, Craemer, and Schwarz.
As an initial matter, the ALJ erroneously concluded that the physicians who submitted reports as part of Plaintiff's worker's compensation case, which included Drs. Craemer, Richman, and Schwarz, described limitations that were "consistent" with the ALJ's findings except to the extent they limited Plaintiff to less than six hours of sitting, standing, or walking in an eight-hour workday. (AR 22.) To the contrary, unlike the ALJ, Dr. Craemer found that Plaintiff was precluded from repetitive motions of the neck, prolonged postural positioning of the neck in flexion, and repetitive work above shoulder level; he also found that Plaintiff could not sit or stand for more than 30 minutes or walk for more than an hour without a five- to eight-minute change in position. (AR 311.) Dr. Richman similarly found that Plaintiff was precluded from "repetitive flexion/extension of the neck and head," working above the shoulder level, and repetitive rotation of the head and neck. (AR 260.) And Dr. Schwarz reviewed Drs. Craemer's and Richman's reports and stated that he agreed with their assessments, although Dr. Schwarz believed Plaintiff had additional limitations based on his hearing loss and psychiatric injury. (AR 431-32.) All three doctors therefore agreed that Plaintiff had limitations exceeding those that were later reflected in his RFC.
The ALJ also appeared to discount the medical reports "generated within the context of a workers' compensation claim" because "reports submitted on behalf of the employee tend to maximize the nature and extent of the injury and resultant limitations, while reports submitted on behalf of the employer tend to emphasize just the opposite." (AR 22.) But Drs. Craemer and Richman were selected by agreement of both parties to examine Plaintiff and render opinions as to his impairments and limitations. (See AR 263 (Dr. Richman's Sept. 2006 "agreed medical examination"; AR 299 (Dr. Craemer's March 2006 "agreed medical examination"); AR 318 (Dr. Craemer's April 2007 "agreed medical re-examination")); see also Cal. Labor Code § 4062.2 (2012) (procedure for parties in worker's compensation case to together select "agreed medical evaluator").*fn14 Their opinions were therefore quite likely to be objective and unbiased. In any event, the ALJ also erred because "the purpose for which medical reports are obtained does not provide a legitimate basis for rejecting them." Batson v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1196 n.5 (9th Cir. 2004) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted) (rejecting plaintiff's claim that doctor hired by worker's compensation insurance company was biased); accord Lester, 81 F.3d at 832. An ALJ, moreover, "may not disregard a physician's medical opinion simply because it was initially elicited in a state workers' compensation proceeding, or because it is couched in the terminology used in such proceedings." Booth, 181 F. Supp. 2d at 1105. Thus, the ALJ's rejection of the doctors' reports simply because they were generated as part of Plaintiff's worker's compensation case was unfounded.
The ALJ also rejected Drs. Craemer's and Schwarz's opinions that Plaintiff was temporarily totally disabled for the purpose of his worker's compensation claim because they were "based on criteria other than Social Security Regulations" and because statements of disability "are reserved to the Commissioner." (AR 22-23.) It is true that a physician's conclusion on the ultimate issue of disability status is not determinative or entitled to any special weight. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(1); see also McLeod v. Astrue, 640 F.3d 881, 885 (9th Cir. 2011) ("A disability is an administrative determination of how an impairment, in relation to education, age, technological, economic, and social factors, affects ability to engage in gainful activity."). But the fact that the doctors opined that Plaintiff was disabled does not justify the ALJ's rejection of their medical opinions regarding Plaintiff's specific impairments, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, and physical restrictions. See Boardman v. Astrue, 286 F. App'x 397, 399 (9th Cir. 2008) (ALJ erred in "ignor[ing]" doctor's opinion as to claimant's symptoms, prognosis, and restrictions "on the ground that [the doctor] also expressed an opinion regarding [claimant's] ultimate disability and [RFC]"). Here, in addition to concluding that Plaintiff was temporarily totally disabled, Drs. Craemer and Schwarz made specific findings, based on objective medical evidence and personal examination, regarding Plaintiff's diagnoses, symptoms, and functional limitations, among other things. The ALJ was required to provide specific and legitimate reasons, supported by substantial evidence, for rejecting those specific findings.
The ALJ also rejected Drs. Craemer's and Schwarz's reports because they contained "internal inconsistencies," but he failed to clearly identify those inconsistencies or explain how they undermined the doctors' findings. (AR 21-22); see Reddick, 157 F.3d at 725 (9th Cir. 1998) (in rejecting medical opinions, ALJ must "do more than offer his conclusions"; "[h]e must set forth his own interpretations and explain why they, rather than the doctors', are correct"). The Commissioner points to Dr. Craemer's finding that Plaintiff could sit or stand for 30 minutes and walk for an hour before having to change positions for five to eight minutes, arguing that "[w]alking was far more strenuous than the standing, and both required an upright position, such that the ability to walk for twice-as-long periods simply made no sense." (J. Stip. at 15.) But walking presumably would accommodate, at least to some extent, Plaintiff's need to frequently change positions; thus, Dr. Craemer's finding that Plaintiff could walk for longer periods than he could sit or stand appears reasonable and internally consistent.
The Commissioner also noted Dr. Schwarz's findings that Plaintiff suffered from pain and other symptoms but nevertheless "walked without evidence of a limp," "was able to assume a seated and supine position on examination without assistance," and had intact strength and sensation. (J. Stip. at 17.) However, neither the Commissioner nor the ALJ explained how Plaintiff's ability to walk during the exam and sit and lie down on the examining table without assistance are inconsistent with Dr. Schwarz's diagnosis and other findings, most of which were established by objective testing. And to the extent that Dr. Schwarz's finding of intact strength and sensation could arguably be inconsistent with his diagnoses of radiculopathy and meralgia paresthetica, Dr. Schwarz apparently reasonably relied on the MRI results showing "disc protrusions at multiple levels" and electrodiagnostic studies showing radiculopathy on the right and left. (AR 431.) Indeed, Dr. Schwarz treated Plaintiff about once a month for three years, his opinion was supported by objective evidence such as the MRI and electrodiagnostic testing, and his findings were consistent with Drs. Craemer's and Richman's. His opinion was therefore entitled to controlling weight. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2) (treating physician's opinion entitled to controlling weight when well supported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques and not inconsistent with other substantial evidence in record); see also Lester, 81 F.3d at 833 ("The treating physician's continuing relationship with the claimant makes him especially qualified to evaluate reports from examining doctors, to integrate the medical information they provide, and to form an overall conclusion as to functional capacities and limitations, as well as to prescribe or approve the overall course of treatment.").
The ALJ also erred in finding that Dr. Richman's opinion was "generally unsupported by the record." (AR 20.) To the contrary, Dr. Richman's findings were based on his own physical examination of Plaintiff (AR 244-45) and on extensive objective evidence, including x-rays, an MRI, a sleep study, an EMG, and a nerve study (AR 246-47, 250). Dr. Richman's findings were largely consistent with those of Drs. Craemer and Schwarz, who reviewed and relied upon the same objective evidence. (See generally AR 299-314, 318-29, 427-33, 545-60.) The ALJ, moreover, failed to discuss any specific evidence that undermined Dr. Richman's opinion. The ALJ therefore erred in finding that Dr. Richman's opinion lacked record support.
The ALJ's reliance on Dr. Sourehnissani's opinion, instead of those of Drs. Craemer, Richman, and Schwarz, also lacks the support of substantial evidence and is inconsistent with Social Security regulations. Dr. Sourehnissani diagnosed Plaintiff with "low back pain" and found that he could perform medium work that required only occasional climbing, stooping, kneeling, and crouching (AR 738), whereas Drs. Craemer, Richman, and Schwarz largely agreed that Plaintiff suffered from a variety of conditions, including degenerative disc disease, cervical and lumbar strain, radiculopathy, cerebral concussion, trigger finger, and hearing loss (AR 257, 309-12, 326, 430, 558), and agreed that he was precluded from heavy work and was limited in his ability to move his neck and perform above-shoulder work (AR 260, 311, 431-32). See 20 C.F.R. 404.1527(c)(4) (ALJ will give more weight to opinion that is "more consistent" with "the record as a whole"). Moreover, unlike Drs. Craemer, Richman, and Schwarz, Dr. Sourehnissani apparently did not review any of Plaintiff's medical records or the other medical opinions, nor did she consider Plaintiff's MRI, EMG, nerve study, sleep study, or other clinical evidence. (See AR 735-39); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(3) (ALJ will give more weight to opinions supported by "medical signs and laboratory findings" and evaluate degree to which doctors "consider all of the pertinent evidence . . . including opinions of treating and other examining sources").
Dr. Sourehnissani specialized in internal medicine (AR 739), but the other doctors specialized in areas more relevant to Plaintiff's back and nerve impairments: Dr. Craemer was board certified in orthopaedic surgery (AR 318), Dr. Richman was board certified in psychiatry, neurology, and electrodiagnostic medicine (AR 261), and Dr. Schwarz specialized in orthopedic surgery, among other things (AR 545). See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(5) (ALJ will "generally give more weight to the opinion of a specialist about medical issues related to his or her area of specialty than to the opinion of a source who is not a specialist"). Moreover, as previously discussed, treating physician Schwarz's opinion is entitled to controlling weight because his opinion was well-supported by the objective evidence and consistent with the opinions of the other examining doctors. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2).*fn15 Thus, the ALJ erred by relying on Dr. Sourehnissani's opinion instead of those of Drs. Craemer, Richman, and Schwarz.
The ALJ also categorically discounted the opinions rendered in the context of Plaintiff's worker's compensation claim because he found "no evidence of aggressive treatment such as surgery or emergency hospitalization"; rather, Plaintiff's treatment "consisted of physical therapy, exercise, and medication, all of which appear to provide relief." (AR 24.) Although such conservative treatment may be grounds for rejecting the opinion of a treating physician, see, e.g., Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 856 (9th Cir. 2001) (ALJ may reject opinion of treating physician who prescribed conservative treatment yet opined that claimant was disabled), Dr. Craemer opined that Plaintiff may also require a transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-simulation unit or electrical simulator, myofascial injections for the cervical or lumbar spine, and epidurals for the lumbar spine (AR 313), which do not appear to be consistent with conservative treatment, see Salinas v. Astrue, No. CV 11--4478-SP, 2012 WL 1400362, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 23, 2012) (epidural steroid injection "suggests less conservative treatment"); Christie v. Astrue, No. CV 10--3448--PJW, 2011 WL 4368189, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 16, 2011) (refusing to characterize steroid, trigger-point, and epidural injections as conservative).*fn16 In any event, even if Plaintiff's conservative treatment were a specific and legitimate reason supported by substantial evidence for rejecting the three doctors' opinions, the Court cannot find that it would render harmless the ALJ's other errors. Compare Stout v. Comm'r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 1050, 1055 (9th Cir. 2006) (ALJ's error harmless when "inconsequential to the ultimate non-disability determination").
Plaintiff is entitled to remand on this claim.*fn17
3. The ALJ properly evaluated the psychological evidence
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in rejecting the opinion of an examining psychologist. (J. Stip. at 8-10, 21.) For the reasons discussed below, the ALJ properly analyzed the medical evidence regarding Plaintiff's psychological impairment.
a. Relevant facts i. Psychologist Feldman
On May 15, 2008, clinical psychologist Bernard Feldman, Ph.D., completed a comprehensive initial psychological evaluation of Plaintiff as part of his workers' compensation case. (AR 332-55.) Dr. Feldman found that Plaintiff was "very cooperative," with normal speech and above-average intelligence; his mood was "generally depressed and anxious"; and his thought processes seemed "moderately impaired." (AR 336-37.) Plaintiff reported a 30-year marriage, "characterized by affection, respect and happiness," and strong social ties. (AR 339.) After administering several psychological tests, Dr. Feldman diagnosed Plaintiff with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, with a global assessment of functioning ("GAF") score of 50, indicating "[s]erious symptoms of depression and anxiety with serious impairment in social and occupational functioning."*fn18 (AR 351.) Dr. Feldman opined that Plaintiff was temporarily totally disabled "as a result of his severe depression and anxiety disorders." (AR 348.) He believed that psychotropic medication "should be considered by a psychiatrist and prescribed on an as-needed basis" and that "[c]ognitive and behavioral therapy should also be provided to [Plaintiff] on a weekly basis." (AR 353.) Dr. Feldman believed that Plaintiff's prognosis was "favorable." (Id.)
ii. Dr. Gilberg
On June 12, 2008, Arnold L. Gilberg, M.D., Ph.D, who was board certified in psychiatry and neurology and certified in psychoanalysis, examined Plaintiff as part of his worker's compensation case. (AR 379-404.) Dr. Gilberg conducted psychological testing and diagnosed Plaintiff with cognitive and depressive disorder not otherwise specified; he assigned a GAF score of 64, indicating some mild symptoms.*fn19 (AR 393-95.) Dr. Gilberg opined that Plaintiff had a "very slight" level of impairment in his ability to comprehend and follow instructions; maintain attention and concentration; perform simple and repetitive tasks; maintain an appropriate work pace; maintain a regular schedule; perform complex or varied tasks; make independent decisions or judgments; negotiate, instruct, and supervise; and respond appropriately to changes in work conditions, among other things. (AR 398-99.) Dr. Gilberg found that Plaintiff had a "slight" level of impairment in his ability to relate to other people, get along with peers, respond appropriately to criticism, convince or direct others, and interact appropriately with people, among other things. (AR 399.)
On July 1, 2009, Dr. Gilberg reviewed additional medical records, including Dr. Feldman's report, and completed a supplemental report. (AR 836-38.) Dr. Gilberg noted that Dr. Feldman had found that Plaintiff had a GAF score of 50, which indicated "flat affect, circumstantial speech, few friends and noted conflicts with peers or co-workers." (AR 837.) Dr. Gilberg stated that he had found "no such behaviors" when evaluating Plaintiff, who had been able to complete all psychological testing and provide an adequate history, and who had reported good social relationships and a "wonderful" marriage. (Id.) Dr. Gilberg reaffirmed his June 2009 report, including his finding that Plaintiff had a GAF score of 64. (Id.)
iii. Dr. Aguilar
On June 13, 2009, Dr. Norma R. Aguilar, a "board eligible" psychiatrist, conducted a complete psychiatric evaluation of Plaintiff at the Social Security Administration's request. (AR 741-45.) Dr. Aguilar noted that Plaintiff reported that he watches television, reads, exercises, bathes, dresses without assistance, gets along well with family members and friends, and had good relationships with others. (AR 742-43.) Dr. Aguilar performed a mental-status examination, finding that Plaintiff had a "slightly depressed" mood, "slightly constricted" affect, and normal speech. (AR 743.) Plaintiff was cooperative and did not exhibit any looseness of association, thought disorganization, flight of ideas, thought blocking, tangentiality, or circumstantiality. (Id.) Dr. Aguilar diagnosed Plaintiff with a pain disorder associated with psychological factors and a general medical condition, and she assigned a GAF score of 65 to 70. (AR 744.) Dr. Aguilar opined that Plaintiff was not limited in his ability to follow simple oral and written instructions; follow detailed instructions; interact appropriately with the public, co-workers, and supervisors; or comply with job rules concerning safety and attendance. (Id.) Plaintiff was mildly limited in his ability to respond to changes in a routine work setting, respond to work pressure in the usual work setting, and perform daily activities. (Id.) Dr. Aguilar opined that Plaintiff's psychiatric prognosis was fair. (Id.)
b. Analysis With regard to Plaintiff's mental impairments, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was "mildly limited" in his ability to understand and remember tasks, sustain concentration and persistence, interact with the general public, and adapt to workplace change. (AR 17-18.) In so finding, the ALJ accorded less weight to the opinion of psychologist Feldman and "significant" weight to the opinions of Drs. Gilberg and Aguilar. (AR 24-25.)
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ "failed to provide any translation nor offer any reason to reject the opinions of the [agreed-medical-examination] psychologist." (J. Stip. at 8.) Plaintiff repeatedly refers to that psychologist as "Dr. Gilbert," but the record does not include an opinion from a psychologist by that name, and Plaintiff in fact cites to and discusses psychologist Feldman's findings in his initial-psychological-evaluation report. (See J. Stip. at 8-10 (referring to "Dr. Gilbert" but citing Dr. Feldman's report at AR 332, 343, 351).) The Court therefore assumes that Plaintiff is challenging the ALJ's rejection of Dr. Feldman's opinion. The ALJ, however, was not obligated to accept Dr. Feldman's conclusion that Plaintiff was temporarily totally disabled, see 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(1); see also McLeod, 640 F.3d at 885, and as discussed below, he also provided legally sufficient reasons for rejecting Dr. Feldman's medical opinion.
The ALJ noted record evidence that was inconsistent with Dr. Feldman's finding that Plaintiff had a totally disabling impairment. The ALJ noted that no evidence showed that Plaintiff had received "psychiatric treatment such as individual psychotherapy or group therapy sessions" or that he had ever been psychiatrically hospitalized or attempted suicide.*fn20 (AR 24.) Rather, Plaintiff took psychiatric medications, and nothing "suggest[ed] that such medication [did] not help [Plaintiff]." (Id.) The ALJ also noted (AR 25) Dr. Gilberg's finding that Dr. Feldman's assignment of a GAF score of 50 - which indicated serious psychological symptoms - was inconsistent with Plaintiff's ability to complete all psychological testing, provide an accurate medical history, and maintain good social relationships (AR 837). Those constitute specific and legitimate reasons for rejecting Dr. Feldman's controverted opinion. See Batson, 359 F.3d at 1195; Rollins, 261 F.3d at 856.
Moreover, the ALJ was entitled to credit the opinions of Drs. Gilberg
and Aguilar, instead of Dr. Feldman, because their opinions were
supported by independent clinical findings and thus constituted
substantial evidence upon which the ALJ could properly rely. See
Tonapetyan v. Halter, 242 F.3d 1144, 1149 (9th Cir. 2001); Andrews v.
Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1041 (9th Cir. 1995). Dr. Gilberg reviewed
Plaintiff's medical records, conducted psychological testing, and
administered a mental-status examination before finding that Plaintiff
had a depressive disorder, cognitive disorder, and GAF score of 64,
indicating mild symptoms. (AR 379-404.) Dr. Aguilar, moreover,
performed a complete psychiatric evaluation before concluding that
Plaintiff had, at most, only mild psychological limitations. (AR
741-45.) Any conflict in the properly supported medical-opinion
evidence was the sole province of the ALJ to resolve.*fn21
See Andrews, 53
F.3d at 1041.
Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to provide a "translation" of the workers' compensation terms found in the "opinion of the AME psychologist." Specifically, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ "did not understand the significance of 'very slight to slight' mental limitations in worker's compensation terminology because even a slight impairment under [workers' compensation] is a noticeable impairment." (J. Stip. at 9.) Dr. Feldman, however, did not find that Plaintiff had "very slight to slight" mental limitations; rather, those findings were part of Dr. Gilberg's report (AR 398), which the ALJ specifically credited (AR 25). In any event, even assuming that Dr. Gilberg's findings indicate that Plaintiff had a "noticeable" impairment, that would fail to establish any error in the ALJ's conclusion that Plaintiff had only mild psychological limitations. Indeed, the ALJ's findings are fully consistent with Dr. Gilberg's finding that Plaintiff had a GAF score of 64, indicating some mild psychological symptoms. (See AR 837.)
The ALJ's findings regarding Plaintiff's mental impairment are entitled to affirmance.
B. Plaintiff's Credibility
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ failed to provide clear and convincing reasons to discredit his subjective symptom testimony.
(J. Stip. 21-23, 26.) Because the Court finds that the ALJ's rejection of the opinions of Drs. Craemer, Richman, and Schwarz was in error, it is not necessary for it to address the remainder of Plaintiff's arguments. See Negrette v. Astrue, No. EDCV 08-0737 RNB, 2009 WL 2208088, at *2 (C.D. Cal. July 21, 2009) (finding it unnecessary to address further disputed issues when court found that ALJ failed to properly consider treating doctor's opinion and lay-witness testimony). On remand, the ALJ will necessarily reevaluate Plaintiff's credibility after reconsidering the examining and treating doctors' opinions regarding Plaintiff's physical impairments.
When error exists in an administrative determination, "the proper course, except in rare circumstances, is to remand to the agency for additional investigation or explanation." INS v. Ventura, 537 U.S. 12, 16, 123 S. Ct. 353, 355, 154 L. Ed. 2d 272 (2002) (citations and quotation marks omitted); Moisa v. Barnhart, 367 F.3d 882, 886 (9th Cir. 2004). Accordingly, remand, not an award of benefits, is the proper course in this case. See Strauss v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 635 F.3d 1135, 1136 (9th Cir. 2011) (remand for automatic payment of benefits inappropriate unless evidence unequivocally establishes disability). As noted above, on remand, the ALJ will necessarily reevaluate the opinions of Drs. Craemer, Richman, and Schwarz and make additional findings regarding Plaintiff's physical impairments consistent with this opinion.
Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that (1) the decision of the Commissioner is REVERSED; (2) Plaintiff's request for remand is GRANTED; and (3) this action is REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this Memorandum Opinion.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court serve copies of this Order and the Judgment herein on all parties or their counsel.
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Ocean Transportation Intermediary License Revocations, Reissuances, Applicants
OTI Licenses Revoked. The Federal Maritime Commission has given notice that the following ocean transportation intermediary licenses have been revoked. A revocation may occur after a license is surrendered voluntarily by the OTI or for failure to maintain a valid bond.
• license #018906NF: Tri-Net Logistics Management Inc., Carson, Calif.
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Shantae's first home console outing.
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Living on the Other Side of a Child's Death
About a year ago I held my twin daughters in the hospital. God allowed my wife and I to spend only a few precious hours with them. They were beautiful but not in a photogenic sort of way. One of my daughters, Phoebe, was non-viable since inception. Junia, on the other-hand, was perfectly healthy but somehow her heart was pumping blood to Phoebe to her own detriment. A self-sacrificial heart was a part of her DNA. It was a 1 in 100k scenario, but it was where we found ourselves. …
Migrants and the American Dream
Summer Health Plan
Celebrating Difference
LGBTQ are Created in the Image of God
Preparing for Difficult Conversations
Unless you intentionally choose health, most show up unconsciously in unhealthy ways caught from others.
Each of us can acquire the skills and emotional maturity to engage difficult yet necessary conversations in healthy ways.
At the core of emotional health is a commitment to civility and being self-differentiated.
Civility, according to the Institute for Civility in Government is "claiming and caring for one's identity, needs and beliefs without degrading someone else's in the process."
Self-differentiation is the capacity to be yourself while remaining connected to your community.…
Raising Our Children to be Missional Peace Makers
How can we raise our children to be passionate followers of Jesus who actively seek the peace of Houston?
The "missional" movement is alive and well in Houston. It's a vision for Christ followers to join God on mission where we live, work, study, and play. And so let's teach our children the skills of active peacemaking and bringing transformation to our city. Why? Because Jesus, who himself evangelized peace, has called his people to the vocation of peacemaking in Houston.…


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Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Stes Port Clinton-Catawba Island
Select your stay dates to check availability at Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Stes Port Clinton-Catawba Island
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Stes Port Clinton-Catawba Island
About the Hotel
Property Location
Located in Port Clinton, Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Stes Port Clinton-Catawba Island is minutes from Island Adventures Family Fun Center and close to African Safari Wildlife Park. This hotel is within close proximity of The Islander Golf & Country Club and Ottawa County Visitor's Bureau.
Make yourself at home in one of the 102 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and microwaves. Flat-screen televisions with cable programming provide entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include safes and desks, as well as phones with free local calls.
Enjoy recreational amenities such as an indoor pool and a spa tub. This hotel also features complimentary wireless Internet access and gift shops/newsstands. Guests can catch a ride to nearby destinations on the complimentary area shuttle.
Enjoy a satisfying meal at a restaurant serving guests of Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Stes Port Clinton-Catawba Island.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a business center, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Event facilities at this hotel consist of conference space and a meeting room. Free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Business center
- Free area shuttle
- Free breakfast
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Free WiFi
- Elevator/lift
- Laundry facilities
- Free self parking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Total number of rooms - 102
- Indoor pool
- Spa tub
- Number of floors - 3
- Restaurant
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Smoke-free property
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Conference space
- One meeting room
Room Facilities
- Free local calls
- Premium bedding
- Pay movies
- In-room safe
- Microwave
- Air conditioning
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Private bathroom
- Premium TV channels
- Shower/tub combination
- Refrigerator
- Desk
- Coffee/tea maker
- Flat-panel TV
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Hair dryer
- Daily housekeeping
- Free newspaper
- Cable TV service
- Phone
- Free toiletries
- Free WiFi
- Iron/ironing board
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Rollaway/extra beds available
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Rollaway bed fee: USD 15 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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I live with my wife Gail in Madison, Wisconsin. Until I retired, I worked for the State of Wisconsin , Department of Transportation as an internal consultant.
Some of my friends and other collectors have pages accessible on the WWW too! Others can be reached via email.
Like to laugh? Visit the Official
Dilbert website
and become a member of Dogbert's New Ruling Class!
If you have questions or comments on my web page or the collection, please mail me at:
Copyright © 1996,1999,2000, 2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015, 2016 Jay R. Jaeger, Madison, Wisconsin. All rights reserved.


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Repair Café Pasadena
Next Event: Repair Café Pasadena
October 29, 2016 – 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
Boys & Girls Club
3230 E. Del Mar Blvd., Pasadena 91107
Bring what's broke. We'll try to fix it.
Also a Really Really Free Market, seed swap, and . . . there is always something new and surprising so come and check it out.
For more information, email to email@example.com
General Info: Repair Café Pasadena
Video by www.LittleThings.com, (embed may serve ads - not up to us, sorry!)
Throop Learning Garden
Throop Learning Garden Work Parties
Sundays from 8:30 – 10:30 am
Throop Memorial Church
300 S. Los Robles Ave., Pasadena
More Info: Throop Learning Garden
Mulch for the People
Mulch for the People is a space for gardeners, arborists and city planners to share ideas.
Conserving water while diverting resources from the waste-stream.
An irony is that most Pasadenans pay to remove mulch from their properties, and at the same time Pasadenans pay to bring mulch into the city. It is kind of ridiculous! Private tree trimming companies pay approximately $50 a truckload to dump wood chip mulch at the landfill. And at the same time, gardeners are buying wood chip mulch by the bag at garden supply stores. We know there is a better way!
Keep up to date with our initiative to inform citizens and civil servants in Pasadena to stop throwing out good mulch and to make it available from the City for the people!
Who We Are
Transition Pasadena is a community action group working to connect, inspire, and support individuals and neighborhoods using the Transition Model to build resilient communities. Our members live in Pasadena, Altadena, and nearby neighborhoods including Highland Park and Eagle Rock.
Founded in 2010, our award-winning projects include Throop Learning Garden and
Repair Café Pasadena. We advocate for a more resilient city and living lighter on our Earth.
We also host talks, reskilling workshops, and other events.
Get involved by coming to our events and signing up to receive emails from us at the sign up form at the bottom of the page.
Not familiar with the Transition Movement? Learn more about it here.
Latest News
Good To-Go Campaign
Polystyrene Free Pasadena
The Good To-Go Team congratulates and thanks the Pasadena City Council
for adopting the Polystyrene Ban Ordinance!
Polystyrene is toxic and a blight to our environment! It releases toxins into our food and drink, it does not biodegrade, it poisons our wildlife and waterways.
The ban is not yet in effect, except for city facilities; businesses will have until late 2017 to comply with the polystyrene ban.
Join the GOOD TO-GO campaign, sponsored by Transition Pasadena and other local partner organizations:
Say It: with a sticker! Wear the Good To-Go sticker and attach it to your restaurant bill to let them know you want "good to-go containers", not toxic foam.
Do It: take the personal challenge to not use or accept any Styrofoam for thirty days (or longer!)
Stickers and cards : downloads here!
Please Follow us, Like and Share!
Good To-Go Facebook page.
Want mulch? Got mulch?
Homeowners and tree services can now get connected for free wood chips! Like a carpool, the more people participate, the better it works - for everyone. Here are 3 websites to choose from, or join all of them:


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*Enter promo code HELLOGORGEOUS at cart. Limit one (1) free compact mirror per order of $50+, while supplies last. Offer cannot be applied to previous purchases or combined with other offers. Applies to in-stock items only; no rain checks. Promotional items have no cash value and may not be returned or exchanged. Offer expires 9pm PT, January 3rd, 2017. Paula's Choice reserves the right to modify this offer at any time.
**Promotion expires 9pm PT, January 3rd, 2017. No cash value. Applies to US and Canada only.
***Promotion expires 9pm PT, January 3rd, 2017. Choose any 3 from 12 available FREE individual sample packettes on orders of $5+.
Ongoing offers on paulaschoice.com are subject to change. Promotional items have no cash value and may not be returned or exchanged.
In This Article:
Understanding the real color of your skin, referred to as its undertone, is the cornerstone of buying the right foundation shade and creating a flawless makeup look. It's one of the reasons top makeup artists get paid the big bucks—but we can't all have a glam squad by our side all the time.
In lieu of that, we're going to share our pro makeup artist insights to teach you the fundamentals of skin's undertones so you can master this skill on your own!
Read More Below
Your skin's undertone is not about how light or dark your skin is, rather it is the color that comes through from underneath skin's surface to affect the overall tonal quality. Whether you have light, medium or dark skin, your skin can have warm, cool, or neutral undertones. Basically, this sums it up:
There are several ways to determine your skin's undertones. Start by looking at the inside part of your arm, where you can see fairly well how the underlying color shows through. Since this area is naturally hidden from the sun, it is best able to reveal how warm, cool, or neutral your skin color really is.
Another way to go about it is to put a white towel next to your face and look in the mirror. The contrast of the white towel will make the undertones pop and look more apparent. You'll want to do this in natural light, as lightbulbs can cast a deceiving hue.
Still unsure of what your undertone really is? Answering these questions can help guide you:
Does your skin tan easily and rarely sunburn? If so, you probably lean toward a warm or neutral undertone. If not, there's a good chance you fall into the cool-toned category. (But we're all using sunscreen, right?)
Do your veins appear blueish or more deep purple? If the answer is yes, you're likely in the cool-toned spectrum. If your veins appear greenish, you most likely skew toward the warm-toned. Those with neutral undertones will have difficulty discerning either color—it will just all look neutral.
Do you look better in silver or gold? Personal preferences aside, cool undertones tend to be flattered by silver/platinum and those with warm undertones look better in gold-toned jewelry. Neutral skin tones look equally great in both (lucky you!). But of course every skin tone looks exquisite in diamonds—you can tell your significant other we said that.
Does your skin look somewhat ashen or gray? You might have the wild card of the bunch—olive skin—which is the combination of the natural neutral, slightly yellow undertone everyone has plus the greenish hue that's unique to olive skin. Olive skin tones are often lumped in with the neutral category, but they can also lean warm.
Don't be upset with us, but now that you've determined your skin's undertone, we have to caution you that using a foundation categorized as your respective "cool" or "warm" skin tone may not always be the most flattering choice. For instance, some foundations labeled as cool-toned can end up making skin look overly pink and those labeled as warm can skew overly yellow (jaundice is never a good look on anyone).
The goal is to select neutral foundation shades that have only the slightest hint of your skin's undertone. You never want your foundation to be too pink or too yellow or ashen.
If you have cool undertones the foundation should look slightly, and we mean really slightly, pinkish in the bottle. If your undertone is warm than the foundation shade should have subtle yellow or golden tone.
Of course, there are always exceptions. If you have medium to deep skin color with a reddish undertone, the likelihood is that you will look better with a foundation that has a hint of brownish red (but not copper, orange, or peach).
Purely neutral-toned foundations may seem like a slam-dunk for olive skin, but experiment with foundations with a slightly gold tone to warm up the "green" undertone in your skin.
These variations are why our next point is so crucial…
After all is said and done, the best way to find your foundation match is to try it on or at the very least hold the bottle up to your skin (assuming it's in a see through glass container). If you've already got a full face of makeup on, ask for samples that you can try at home (many specialty makeup/department stores will accommodate this request).
Select three or four shades that you think look the best and stripe them on your jaw, in lines pointing toward your neck. If the shade appears relatively "invisible" that's a good fit.
Next, check the foundation in daylight. That's the real test to see if the foundation matches your skin's color and undertone.
Once you find the right foundation shade you'll be amazed by how natural-looking the results can be.
The Best Skin of Your Life Starts Here: The same type of in-depth research used to create this article is also used to formulate Paula's Choice Skincare products. You'll find products for all skin types and a range of concerns, from acne and sensitive skin to wrinkles, pores, and sun damage. With Paula's Choice Skincare, you can get (and keep) the best skin of your life! See Paula's Choice Makeup.
Get exclusive beauty advice delivered twice a month. Unsubscribe at any time.
Paula Begoun is the best-selling author of 20 books on skin care and makeup. She is known worldwide as the Cosmetics Cop and creator of Paula's Choice. Paula's expertise has led to hundreds of appearances on national and international television including:
View Media Highlights
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The Paula's Choice Research Team is dedicated to busting beauty myths and helping you solve your skincare frustrations with research-supported expert advice—so you'll have the facts you need to take the best possible care of your skin.
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|WikiProject Internet
|(Rated Start-class, Low-importance)
|WikiProject Free Software / Software / Computing
|(Rated Start-class, Low-importance)
|This page was nominated for deletion on 24 February 2012. The result of the discussion was nomination withdrawn.
Hi User:Mr. Stradivarius.Qupzilla is a very good browser available to Linux users. Especially it is written in Qt and make use of Webkit which brings excellent features. It has a good performance also gained considerably acknowledge of variety of linux users. Check google search result and you will see more.
I must say that I cannot accept the opinion of your comment at my user page where you said you didn't find any source about it in Google books and Google news. For a web browser, which is just a computer program, doesn't need to be covered by a document service ( Google books) or a news service ( Google news) to prove itself. It is particularly true for an open-sourced program. Please do search for "Arora Browser" or "rekonq" in google news, where i couldn't find much more media coverage on those two similar browsers. It is true that Qupzilla has much little coverage in Google books compared to the latter two, but it must to be pointed out that most coverage of Arora and rekonq is from popular books or linux magazines also, as you may see, nearly half of the results are sourced from Wikipedia. :) So please be a little more patient.
I wrote this page because I wanted to broaden its acknowledgement to more users who have been waited too long to have such a light-weighted Qt based Webkit web browser. If articles about newly-born open-source projects should be slashed in such a moment it would be a dilemma to those open-source projects. So if you think it is inappropriate to write such an article please tell me more reasons. Thanks.
Dici (talk) 13:04, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
Hi User:Dici, Is it possible to rename page to "QupZilla"? It is the exact name, so it would be better to have it correct here on Wikipedia.
126.96.36.199 (talk) 17:11, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
- I am sorry I gave the wrong name. I checked its website and you was right. However I am not an autoconfirmed user yet. I'll request a move right now. Thanks. Dici (talk) 13:42, 24 February 2012 (UTC)
- I've removed the requested move section, for two reasons: one, it looks like an obvious move, so I will do it myself; and two, I've just nominated the page for deletion, and it wouldn't make much sense to have two discussions about it at once - and I'm pretty sure that the deletion discussion should take priority. All the best — Mr. Stradivarius ♫ 14:02, 24 February 2012 (UTC)
- P.s. Normally I would avoid doing things like this, but I only saw the requested move discussion after I nominated the article - it was unfortunate timing. Sorry for the inconvenience. Also, I've moved the page for you now. — Mr. Stradivarius ♫ 14:07, 24 February 2012 (UTC)
- Start-Class Internet articles
- Low-importance Internet articles
- WikiProject Internet articles
- Start-Class Free software articles
- Low-importance Free software articles
- Start-Class software articles
- Unknown-importance software articles
- All Software articles
- Start-Class Computing articles
- Unknown-importance Computing articles
- All Computing articles
- WikiProject Free Software articles


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This five-day solution-focused class offers an introduction to the Riverbed® Optimization System (RiOS®)with hands-on installation and configuration experience using the SteelHead™ appliance and deploymentintegration with the SteelCentral™ Controller for SteelHead™ and SteelHead™ Mobile. This class alsoprovides an introduction to the SteelHead™ Interceptor and SteelFusion™.
November 13, 2016 - November 17, 2016 9:00 AM - 5:00 PMArabian Time
Global Knowledge ME FZ-LLCOffice 606A, Park Rotana Office, ComplexKhalifa Park, Sector E-48.P.O.Box 769254Abu Dhabi +971 2 234 4020/19/18
Lynda Brown
10 (8 remaining)
Cvent Online Event Registration Software | Copyright © 2000-2016 Cvent, Inc. All rights reserved.


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We had a garden beside the kids playground that had to be moved because the wild blackberries were killing the plants. My 10 year old son came up with this plan. We worked hard for 5 days digging the pond and transplanting the garden. Now this is our family's favourite place to sit and talk. Hope you like it.
By Justin and Mom from Lawrencetown Nova Scotia
Lovely! Your son's plan obviously worked quite well and provided you with a very pleasing view from your verandah. The birds and other wildlife must be quite happy with your garden and pond, too!
It's beautiful! What a nice place to be!
Add your voice! Click below to comment. ThriftyFun is powered by your wisdom!


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Biology Bulletin
Biology Bulletin (Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk – Seriya Biologicheskaya) is an interdisciplinary journal of general biology. It focuses on fundamental studies in the fields of cell biology, biochemistry, zoology, botany, physiology, and ecology. This journal publishes current materials of experimental studies and surveys on current problems in general biology. It also publishes information on scientific conferences and new books in the fields of general biology. The Editorial Board welcomes contributions from foreign authors.
Latest Articles
The role of protein oxidative modification and the cellular redox status in realization of apoptosis of MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells
E. V. Shakhristova, E. A. Stepovaya, N. V. Ryazantseva, O. L. Nosareva… (September 2016)
Plant Physiology
Effects of exogenous H2O2 on the content of endogenous H2O2, activities of catalase and hydrolases, and cell ultrastructure in tobacco leaves
L. A. Lapshina, A. V. Reunov, V. P. Nagorskaya (September 2016)
Functional diversity of ant-associated bacterial communities
A. A. Dymova, M. M. Umarov, N. V. Kostina, M. V. Golichenkov… (September 2016)
- Impact Factor 0.358
- Available 2000 - 2016
- Volumes 17
- Issues 119
- Articles 1,636
Stay up to Date
Find a Volume or Issue
- Journal Title
- Biology Bulletin
- Coverage
- Volume 27 / 2000 - Volume 43 / 2016
- Print ISSN
- 1062-3590
- Online ISSN
- 1608-3059
- Publisher
- Pleiades Publishing
- Additional Links
Continue reading...
To view the rest of this content please follow the download PDF link above.


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>> Hotels near Pithorgarh Hill Station
Call Support for Booking!
+91 9211177444(operating window 10AM to 9PM IST)
Hotels near Pithorgarh Hill Station, Pithoragarh
If you are planning a vacation in Pithoragarh, then you must go visit Pithorgarh Hill Station. It is an intrinsic part of the socio-cultural landscape and hence, offers an insightful peek into life, as it exists in Pithoragarh . Read more
We have handpicked the Best 3 hotels near Pithorgarh Hill Station, Pithoragarh, See all 17 hotels
Nearest Budget Hotels
Budget Hotels near Pithorgarh Hill Station, Pithoragarh
Hotel Baakhlee
|0.2 km from Pithorgarh Hill Station
Rs. 1,802
Per Room Per Night
Hotel Samrat
|0.3 km from Pithorgarh Hill Station
Rs. 1,009
Per Room Per Night
The Mall Palace
|0.4 km from Pithorgarh Hill Station
Rs. 3,028
Per Room Per Night
Pithorgarh Hill Station, PithoragarhA visit to Pithorgarh Hill Station can also be combined with other tourist attractions across the city. With its delectable cuisines, and opportunities to explore the surrounding areas, Pithoragarh is perfectly poised to offer an experience that is both, authentic as well as unique! There are many ideal locations to visit in and around this wonderful city, with prominent local landmarks and favourable restaurants being just a few examples. Make a trip to Pithoragarh and its exciting places of interest to enjoy a memorable vacation. A visit to Pithorgarh Hill Station will give you a greater insight into the various cultures and traditions of Pithoragarh .
Areas in Pithoragarh:
- Hotels with Banquet Facilities
- Hotels with Breakfast Services
- Hotels with Gardens
- Hotels with Laundry Facilities
- Hotels with Medical Services
- Hotels with Restaurant
- Hotels with Travel Counter


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Hungry Lizards Gameplay Tips and Strategies
- App name: Hungry Lizards
- Developer: Basic Function
- Genre: Arcade
- Release: May 13, 2013
Let's play Hungry Lizards on iOS. In this part of the walkthrough, you will learn more tips and tricks while playing the Hungry Lizards game on the iPhone.
Gameplay Walkthrough
This page contains Hungry Lizards video walkthroughs for iOS (iPhone/iPad) called "- ios beta 2" and has been uploaded on Admin official channel at Jun 3, 2013.
Still need help with this level? Here you can ask questions and discuss with other Hungry Lizards users.
Hit like if this helped you!
Stuck on some levels in Hungry Lizards? This walkthrough can help you finish the game.


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"Flĺ" Norway Things to Do Tip by Maria_75
Norway Things to Do: 771 reviews and 1,349 photos
Flĺ is a little village located in Buskerud county, about 2 hours drive from Oslo.
If you have to opportunity I highly recommend you to visit it, or at least the "Vassfaret Bjřrnepark" - an animal park with bears, moose, deer and other animals.
Read more on my Flĺ page.
More Things to Do in Norway (49)
1 - 0 of 0
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"...I wish, I wish, I was a catfish..."
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Be the first to like this
Published on
Vote for this SXSW session now! http://panelpicker.sxsw.com/vote/4570
Imagine: You walk into a conference with thousands of people walking beside you, and no idea who each one is. Is the person to your left your new best friend or arch nemesis?
Social data provides individuals and companies alike with powerful fodder to cultivate a relationship, a mutual understanding, a marketing opportunity. Using this data customizes the user's participation on-site, so that the person is no longer visitor #29845, but she's Cindy, who enjoys running, sushi, spending time with her kids and is in financial services.
But, how do we get users to raise their hand and make themselves known? The customer journey from an anonymous to a known user can have multiple steps in the process, and we'll discuss how to create an effective path. This session will highlight the importance of collecting and mining social data to provide appropriate segmentation groups, widening target markets and the ability to facilitate the development of deeper, progressively growing relationships.
Be the first to like this


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