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Superior Court of Pennsylvania
June 25, 2013
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, Appelleev.ANN MARIE CLAFFEY, Appellant
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence of January 23, 2012, in the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County, Criminal Division at No. CP-23-CR-0001157-2011
BEFORE: STEVENS, P.J., LAZARUS and COLVILLE [*], JJ.
This case is a timely direct appeal from the judgment of sentence imposed on Appellant following her conviction for driving under the influence of a controlled substance ("DUI, " 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(2)), failure to drive on the right side of a roadway ("failure to keep right, " 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3301), and careless driving (75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3714). Appellant contends the court erred by denying her pretrial motion to dismiss the prosecution for a violation of Pa.R.Crim.P. 600. She also argues the court should have dismissed the case because the Commonwealth improperly filed the criminal complaint, that complaint having been lodged after a prior complaint was dismissed. Finding Appellant's issues meritless, we affirm the judgment of sentence.
Appealability and Timeliness
Although we have already indicated this appeal is from Appellant's judgment of sentence and is timely, we will elaborate somewhat on the issues of appealability and timeliness because there was, at one point in this case, some question about both matters and because both implicate our jurisdiction, see Commonwealth v. Kennedy, 876 A.2d 939, 943 (Pa. 2005) (indicating appellate court lacks jurisdiction over non-appealable orders); Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 934 A.2d 1287, 1289 (Pa. Super. 2007) (indicating this Court has no jurisdiction over untimely appeal). Appellant's notice of appeal, filed April 2, 2012, wrongly stated that she was appealing from her conviction of November 29, 2010. First, we note
Appellant was not convicted on that date but, instead, was convicted by entry of verdict on December 6, 2011. Second, the final, appealable order for a defendant's direct appeal in a criminal case is the judgment of sentence, not the conviction. Commonwealth v. Borrero, 692 A.2d 158, 159 (Pa. Super. 1997). Thus, this appeal is not from Appellant's conviction but, rather, from her judgment of sentence, that judgment having been entered on January 23, 2012.
We also observe that, after filing timely post-sentence motions, Appellant lodged this appeal while those motions were pending. Doing so was improper. Pa.R.Crim.P. 720 cmt. Indeed, when post-sentence motions are filed, the judgment of sentence does not become final until those motions are decided. Borrero, 692 A.2d at 159.[1] Thus, because the motions were pending, Appellant's notice of appeal was premature. Commonwealth v. Little, 879 A.2d 293, 296 n.6 (Pa. Super. 2005). Because the notice of appeal was premature, we might be initially inclined to quash this matter. Borrero, 692 A.2d at 159-61.
Nevertheless, after lodging her appeal, Appellant withdrew her post-sentence motions and secured an order from the trial court memorializing the withdrawal pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(2)(c). When post-sentence motions are withdrawn and the trial court enters an order memorializing the withdrawal, any direct appeal must be filed within thirty days of the order. Id. In this case, because the memorialization order was entered on the docket, we will entertain this appeal as having been filed on the date of entry of that order. Little, 879 A.2d at 296 n.6; Pa.R.A.P. 905(a)(5). Thus, we will regard this appeal as timely. Little, 879 A.2d at 296 n.6; Pa.R.A.P. 720(A)(2)(1), 905(a)(5).
It would have been better practice for Appellant, having filed post-sentence motions and then having decided to withdraw them, to have proceeded with the withdrawal and to have obtained the court's memorialization order before filing her notice of appeal. Indeed, the confusion and imprecision arising from Appellant's filings and chosen course of conduct led us, earlier in this case, to issue a rule to show cause as to why this appeal should not be quashed. Because of the confused record, we posited multiple possible bases for the arguable impropriety of the appeal: (1) the appeal may have been taken when no appealable order was entered on the docket (i.e., Appellant claimed to be appealing from a conviction rather than a judgment of sentence, or, alternatively, post-sentence motions were still pending, thus meaning that any judgment of sentence, if entered, had not yet become final); or (2) the appeal may have been late (i.e., it was filed in April 2012 while Appellant purported, incorrectly, to appeal from a ruling of November 29, 2010). Nevertheless, as we have now clarified that this appeal is from the 2012 judgment of sentence and is timely, we will not quash this appeal. We will address its merits.
The record reveals the following facts. On June 19, 2009, the Commonwealth filed a complaint alleging DUI, failure to keep right and careless driving against Appellant. On October 26, 2009, the case proceeded to a preliminary hearing. At that hearing, the Commonwealth presented evidence that included the following. Appellant, as the driver of her vehicle, was stopped in the middle of a road despite there being no stop sign or red light. A witness then saw Appellant swerve, first over the yellow road lines and then back, apparently traveling almost curb to curb. Appellant thereafter proceeded along the road, crossing over the yellow lines multiple times as she attempted to pass another vehicle. Police eventually located Appellant in her car which was, by then, stopped. An officer found Appellant to be lethargic and unable to perform field-sobriety testing successfully. Another officer had to hold Appellant up so that she would not fall. Police arrested her for DUI and transported her to a hospital where she underwent blood testing.
Also at the preliminary hearing, the Commonwealth introduced a report from a toxicologist revealing that a quantity of Carisoprodol, a prescription drug, and a metabolite of Carisoprodol (Meprobamate), were found in Appellant's blood during the aforementioned testing. The report indicated the concentrations of the substances in Appellant's blood were consistent with Appellant having recently used Carisoprodol. The report did not contain an opinion that the Carisoprodol/Meprobamate impaired Appellant's driving ability but, rather, stated that such an opinion could not be precluded. The report further stated that the blood results corroborated the officers' observations about Appellant's on-scene condition. More specifically, the pertinent part of the report read in this way:
At the levels found in the case, it cannot be precluded that the Carisoprodol intake impaired [Appellant's] ability to safely operate a motor vehicle on the highway.
Thus, in the absence of other similarly or more competent causes, and especially if the Carisoprodol was not therapeutically prescribed for this individual, these findings corroborate and support an arresting officer's observations concerning the exhibition of adverse psychoactive actions.
N.T., 10/26/09, at 27-28.
The expert did not testify at the preliminary hearing. His report was presented by one of the arresting officers. The magisterial district judge held the charges for court.
In January 2010, Appellant petitioned the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County for a writ of habeas corpus on the grounds that the Commonwealth's proof at the preliminary hearing had not established that the controlled substances in Appellant's blood had impaired her ability to drive, operate and/or control her motor vehicle safely. More specifically, Appellant alleged that the Commonwealth needed to present, but did not present, an expert opinion indicating the Carisoprodol/Meprobamate caused her to be impaired. Given the lack of expert testimony, Appellant asserted the evidence was insufficient to prove DUI under 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(2).
On February 5, 2010, the court convened a hearing on the habeas petition. The transcript of the hearing reveals that, in the week prior to the hearing, the Commonwealth attempted to secure expert testimony regarding Appellant's ability to drive in light of the controlled substance(s) in her system. As a result of those efforts, the Commonwealth learned that, to secure such testimony, the Commonwealth needed additional factual information concerning Appellant's medical drug prescriptions. The transcript further reveals Appellant, through counsel, agreed to provide that information to the Commonwealth. The habeas court granted a continuance of the hearing until March 17, 2010.
Additionally, in the eventual hearing on Appellant's Rule 600 motion, it was revealed that the Commonwealth had, in fact, asked Dr. Richard Cohn to attend the habeas hearing on February 5, 2010, to testify as the Commonwealth's expert. However, Cohn failed to appear at the February 5, 2010, hearing because he was testifying in Philadelphia County.
On March 17, 2010, because Appellant's counsel was unavailable, the habeas hearing was postponed until April 20, 2010.
On April 20, 2010, the Commonwealth indicated to the habeas court that Cohn intended to opine that Appellant was under the influence of Carisoprodol during the incident such that she was incapable of safely operating her car. Cohn, however, was not present. The habeas court postponed the proceeding until April 27, 2010. Though Cohn's testimony at the eventual Rule 600 hearing was not absolutely clear, that testimony supported the inference that Cohn's absence on April 20, 2010, was again due to the fact that he was testifying in court in Philadelphia County.
On April 27, 2010, Cohn was once more testifying as an expert witness in proceedings in Philadelphia County Court. He informed the Philadelphia County Court that he needed to leave Philadelphia at a certain time and go to the Delaware County Courthouse on the present case. The Philadelphia Court did not release Cohn until roughly thirty minutes beyond his intended departure time. Cohn nonetheless went to Delaware County, but he arrived at the courthouse some twenty minutes after the habeas hearing had concluded. During that hearing, the instant trial court granted habeas relief on the theory that the Commonwealth needed, but failed to present, expert testimony showing that the controlled substances found in Appellant's blood had impaired her driving ability. Although the need for expert testimony related only to the DUI charge, the court granted habeas as to all charges.
On June 30, 2010, the Commonwealth re-filed the charges by instituting the complaint now at issue. The case was scheduled for a preliminary hearing before the same magistrate who had presided at the first preliminary hearing. It appears that, on the date selected for the second preliminary hearing, the Commonwealth provided Appellant with a supplemented report from Cohn addressing the combined issue of Appellant's impairment and the cause thereof. Appellant waived her preliminary hearing. The charges were held for court.
On June 20, 2011, Appellant moved for dismissal under Pa.R.Crim.P. 600. She claimed that the period of 365 days in which the Commonwealth was required to bring her to trial, see Rule 600(A)(3), had expired because, in her view, the Rule 600 period was to be calculated from the filing of the first complaint, in June 2009, not from the second complaint, in June 2010.
The court scheduled a hearing that was eventually held on August 16, 2011. At the end of the hearing, the court indicated that, in light of the court's need to review the law and evidence submitted by the parties, and in light of the court's schedule, the court would take the matter under advisement. The court did so and, on November 4, 2011, the court entered an order denying Rule 600 relief.
Appellant later proceeded to trial and was convicted on all counts.[2]The court sentenced Appellant on January 23, 2012. She filed this appeal. Her primary argument is that the court was wrong to calculate the elapsed Rule 600 time from the filing of the second complaint and, instead, should have computed the time from the date the first complaint was filed. For the reasons that follow, she is incorrect.
Legal Principles
A number of legal principles are important in this case. Rule 600 provides, inter alia, that a defendant is entitled to have trial commence no later than 365 days after the complaint date. Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A)(3). When computing the number of pretrial days attributable to the Commonwealth under this rule, certain delays are excluded, such as those caused by defense postponements, by express defense waivers of Rule 600, by the unavailability of the defendant or defense counsel, and/or by the fact that the defendant could not be located and apprehended. Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(C).
At any time before trial, a defendant may move for dismissal of the case if Rule 600 has, at that time, been violated. Commonwealth v. Hyland, 875 A.2d 1175, 1189 (Pa. Super. 2005); Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(G). However, even when the defendant has not been tried within the aforesaid 365 days, and even when those days appear to be attributable to the Commonwealth, a Rule 600 motion shall be denied if the Commonwealth acted with due diligence in attempting to try the defendant timely and the circumstances occasioning the delay were beyond the Commonwealth's control. Commonwealth v. Riley, 19 A.3d 1146, 1148-49 (Pa. Super. 2011); Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(G). Thus, if the Commonwealth acted with due diligence and the delay in question was beyond the Commonwealth's control, the delay is excusable. Riley, 19 A.3d at 1148-49.
In some circumstances, this Court has reasoned that, where an officer's absence from a hearing resulted from his being under subpoena to testify in a different court, that absence was beyond the Commonwealth's control. Commonwealth v. Peterson, 19 A.3d 1131, 1137-38 (Pa. Super. 2011). As such, any delay resulting from that absence was excusable time, assuming the Commonwealth was otherwise diligent. Id.
Due diligence is a fact-specific concept to be determined on a case-by-case basis. Riley, 19 A.3d at 1149. It requires the Commonwealth to put forth a reasonable effort but does not demand perfect vigilance or punctilious care. Commonwealth v. Rhodes, 54 A.3d 908, 912 (Pa. Super. 2012). The Commonwealth's duty to be diligent exists throughout all stages of a case. Commonwealth v. Hawk, 597 A.2d 1141, 1145 (Pa. 1991).
In cases where the Commonwealth files a complaint, the complaint is withdrawn or dismissed, and the Commonwealth then re-files the charges in a subsequent complaint, there are additional principles to keep in mind. If, for example, the Commonwealth withdraws the first complaint in an attempt to avoid an imminent Rule 600 violation and then re-files the charges in hopes of circumventing that rule, then the Rule 600 time for the second complaint will be calculated from the filing of the first complaint. Peterson, 19 A.3d at 1141.
However, if the Commonwealth is diligent in prosecuting a complaint, and if the complaint is withdrawn or dismissed because of factors beyond the Commonwealth's control, then the Commonwealth, upon re-filing the charges in a second complaint, is entitled to have the time under Rule 600 run from the date of that second filing. Id. Accordingly, in cases of subsequent complaints, the law requires that Rule 600 courts evaluate whether the Commonwealth was diligent with respect to the initial complaint. Rhodes, 54 A.3d at 912.
Additionally, if the Commonwealth was diligent in prosecuting the first complaint, the Commonwealth has no obligation under Rule 600 to re-file the charges within any particular time after the dismissal of the first complaint. Peterson, 19 A.3d at 1139-41. This principle arises from the fact that, while no complaint is pending, the language of Rule 600 is simply inapplicable. Id.; Pa.R.Crim.P. 600. Moreover, in the absence of pending criminal charges, the individual in question is free—at least in a legal sense— from the anxiety that arises from official public accusation, and, as such, part of the purpose behind Rule 600—limiting the period of such anxiety—is not implicated. Peterson, 19 A.3d at 1141. Naturally, the Commonwealth must comply with any applicable statute of limitations. Id. However, for purposes of Rule 600, the time between the dismissal of the first complaint and the filing of the second is irrelevant if the Commonwealth was diligent on the first matter. Id.
We also recall that any passage of time resulting from the filing of the Rule 600 motion itself (e.g., time required by the court to schedule and conduct a hearing and/or time needed to take the case under advisement before ruling) is not attributable to the Commonwealth. Riley, 19 A.3d at 1148 n.1.
This Court reviews a ruling under Rule 600 pursuant to an abuse-of-discretion standard. Riley, 19 A.3d at 1149. An abuse of discretion is not a mere error in judgment but, rather, involves bias, ill will, partiality, prejudice, manifest unreasonableness, or misapplication of law. Id.
Additionally, when considering a Rule 600 claim, this Court must view the record facts in the light most favorable to the winner of the Rule 600 motion. Rhodes, 54 A.3d at 911. It is, of course, an appellant's burden to persuade us the trial court erred and relief is due. Wrecks, 931 A.2d at 722.
The DUI provision relevant to this case is:
(d) Controlled substances.--An individual may not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the movement of a vehicle under any of the following circumstances:
(2) The individual is under the influence of a drug or combination of drugs to a degree which impairs the individual's ability to safely drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the movement of the vehicle.
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(2).
Also of relevance to this case are Commonwealth v. Griffith, 985 A.2d 230 (Pa. Super. 2009) (Griffith I), and Commonwealth v. Griffith, 32 A.3d 1231 (Pa. 2011) (Griffith II). Griffith was convicted of DUI in violation of 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(2). The trial evidence revealed, inter alia, the presence of multiple drugs, those drugs being prescription medications, in her blood.[3] On direct appeal, this Court observed that the Commonwealth had not introduced expert testimony demonstrating the drugs ingested by Griffith had impaired her ability to drive, operate and/or control her motor vehicle safely. We further reasoned that the effects of the drugs found in Griffith's system were not so widely known by lay people as to dispense with the need for expert testimony regarding the impact those drugs may have had on her. Griffith I, 985 A.2d at 236-37. As such, we found the evidence insufficient to support her conviction under 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(2). Griffith I, 985 A.2d at 236-37. In short, the effect of Griffith I was that, in a prosecution involving prescription medications and allegations of DUI under 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(2), the Commonwealth's evidence would be insufficient without expert testimony proving that the prescription medication caused the driver's impairment. Griffith I, 985 A.2d at 236-37. The Griffith I opinion was issued on July 2, 2009.
In Griffith II, the Supreme Court reversed our aforesaid decision. Griffith II, 32 A.3d at 1240. More particularly, the court held that expert testimony was not to be regarded as mandatory in every prosecution under 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(2) but, instead, the need for such testimony is to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis in light of all the other testimony. Griffith II, 32 A.3d at 1239-40. The Griffith II decision was issued on November 2, 2011.
The Commonwealth's duty at a preliminary hearing is to present a prima facie case. Commonwealth v. Ludwig, 874 A.2d 623, 631 (Pa. 2005). A prima facie case consists of evidence showing the existence of each material element of the charged offense(s) and probable cause to believe the defendant committed the crime(s) such that, if the evidence were presented at trial, the court would be warranted in submitting the case to the factfinder. Commonwealth v. Landis, 48 A.3d 432, 444 (Pa. Super. 2012). If a defendant wishes to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence that was adduced during a preliminary hearing, the defendant may file a pretrial petition for a writ of habeas corpus in Common Pleas Court. Id. The Commonwealth's duty at the habeas stage is, once again, to present a prima facie case. Id.
We now turn to Appellant's contention that the trial court should have computed the lapse of Rule 600 time from the filing of the first complaint. The Commonwealth presented its case on the first complaint at a preliminary hearing in October 2009. Appellant has not complained that there was any delay up to that point. At the preliminary hearing, the magistrate held the case for court. Thus, the Commonwealth secured a magisterial ruling that the Commonwealth had met its prima facie burden. The Commonwealth moved the case forward. The Commonwealth did not delay it. The case then proceeded past the preliminary hearing, through arraignment and toward trial until, of course, Appellant filed what would be her successful habeas petition.
We understand Griffith I was in effect at the time of the preliminary hearing in October 2009. In light of that opinion, a more thorough approach for the Commonwealth at the October 2009 hearing would have been to present an expert opinion regarding the cause of Appellant's impairment. Nonetheless, the Commonwealth presented the evidence it then possessed and, in so doing, obtained a favorable magisterial ruling which caused the case to progress. It was reasonable for the Commonwealth to rely on the magisterial judge's ruling at preliminary-hearing stage of the case, even though the Commonwealth knew or should have known that it would eventually need an expert opinion at trial. It was not incumbent on the Commonwealth to return to the magistrate, point out an arguable weakness in the prima facie case—a weakness on which the magistrate did not rely— and then somehow ask that the case move backward to a preliminary hearing. Instead, it was reasonable for the Commonwealth to rely on the magistrate's decision and to allow the case to proceed toward trial.
The Commonwealth's obligation to produce the additional expert evidence was accelerated when Appellant filed her habeas corpus petition. When viewed most favorably to the Commonwealth, the record supports the determination that, after Appellant filed her habeas petition, the Commonwealth made reasonable efforts to secure expert testimony for the habeas hearings. Along these lines we note the following. While it might be argued the Commonwealth made less than perfect efforts prior to the first habeas hearing, the hearing of February 5, 2010, by not having secured all the factual, prescription-related information it needed for its expert to form an opinion, the record shows plainly that the expert, Cohn, simply could not have testified on February 5th because he was testifying elsewhere. Cohn's absence from all the subsequent habeas hearings was beyond the Commonwealth's control. Whether the Commonwealth, through perfect vigilance or punctilious care, might have secured a different expert to appear ready to testify at the habeas proceedings is a question that does not change our overall view that the Commonwealth put forth an effort that was at least reasonable.
In sum, we find no error in the court's conclusion that the Commonwealth prosecuted the first complaint with due diligence, even if not with diligence that was perfect. We observe also that the record does not show the Commonwealth's conduct was in any way designed to allow the first complaint to be dismissed in some effort to circumvent Rule 600. Consequently, we agree with the trial court that the time under Rule 600 must be calculated from the filing of the second complaint.
The second complaint was filed on June 30, 2010. Appellant was tried on the 518th day thereafter, on November 30, 2011. However, the record contains waivers of Rule 600 executed by Appellant for three periods: August 9, 2010 to September 13, 2010; September 13, 2010, to October 25, 2010; and November 8, 2010, to November 29, 2010. Those waivers resulted in excludable time of 98 days.
Also, the time from the date on which Appellant filed her Rule 600 motion, June 20, 2011, until the day the court entered its ruling on that motion, November 4, 2011, was not attributable to the Commonwealth. The trial court opined that the passage of that time resulted from the court's need to schedule the hearing, to conduct the hearing and to take the matter under advisement before issuing its ruling. We see no error in the court's reasoning. The time from June 20th to November 4th totaled 137 days.
Additionally, Appellant requested a postponement of the trial from November 15, 2011, to November 28, 2011. That postponement accounts for 13 days of excludable time.
The aggregate excludable time from the foregoing periods is 248 days. Subtracting that aggregate from 518 days yields 270 days, an amount below the 365-day limit of Rule 600. As such, Appellant was tried consistent with Rule 600.
Finally, Appellant presents a confused argument in which she seems to maintain that Pa.R.Crim.P. 544 required the Commonwealth to secure approval from the president judge of Delaware County before re-filing the charges that had been dismissed during the habeas proceedings.[4] She is wrong. When a court grants a habeas petition, the Commonwealth may re-file the charges and present additional evidence at a new preliminary hearing in order to correct the evidentiary deficits that existed in the prosecution of the first complaint. Commonwealth v. Carbo, 822 A.2d 60, 68-69 (Pa. Super. 2003). Such is what the Commonwealth did in this case. Appellant has not persuaded us that approval from Common Pleas Court was necessary for the Commonwealth to file the second complaint.
Based on our foregoing analysis, we affirm the judgment of sentence.[5]
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
President Judge Stevens concurs in the result.
Judgment Entered.
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An Open Letter to Matt Cutts, Eric Schmidt, et. al.
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In light of Google's FUD move to make an example of Ann Smarty's high-profile MyBlogGuest site with an unfounded penalty, as well as a manual penalty leveled against his own website, Doc Sheldon posts an open letter to Google's powers-that-be, warning them that Google may well be on its way to irretrievably alienating its user base: The Marketing Meld.
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Chicken Scampi
Total Time
Prep 15 mins
Cook 5 mins
I know there are other recipes on here for chicken scampi but I looked through them and didn't find any like this one. My grandma shared this one with us and we all thought it was delicious so I wouldn't leave until I had the recipe.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 2 tablespoons butter
- 4 chicken breasts (cubed)
- 1 (10 3/4 ounce) can cream of chicken soup
- 1⁄2 cup water
- 2 teaspoons lemon juice
- 1⁄2 teaspoon garlic powder or 1 minced garlic clove
- 4 -6 cups cooked pasta
- Heat butter in skillet.
- Cook chicken 10 minutes or until browned in butter.
- Add soup, water, lemon juice and garlic.
- Heat to a boil.
- Cover and cook over low heat 5 minutes.
- Serve over hot cooked pasta.
Most Helpful
GREAT! Whole family liked it, even the finicky 8y/o. I added sliced bell peppers, red onions and some italian seasonings while cooking the chicken and then at the very end I added diced roma tomatoes with the seeds removed. I did not have a sauce problem but I also used a whole 16oz box of angel hair pasta. This was so quick and easy and with the added vegies its a little healthier and more like the Olive Garden version. Will make again. BTW 8y/o did pick out the bell pepper and onions
this was sooo good...even better on the reheat...I recommend adding onion to the recipe and I love garlic, so I changed the garlic powder to 1 tbsp. minced garlic...you know, the kind you buy in a jar at the supermarket, already minced?...I also was out of lemon juice, so I used lime juice...OK, so it sounds like I altered the recipe appreciably, but really I didn't, just tweaked it a bit...the only thing I found odd is that it makes so much 'sauce' that I had leftover...I'm considering trying it again but with more chicken to see if that solves the 'extra sauce' issue (it's too bad the recipe doesn't specify the amount of chicken by weight)...thanks for posting the recipe!


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>> Hotel MeenamPrint this page
Hotel Meenam
St Thomas Mount, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 016
Starting from Rs. 2,075
Choose Dates
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Hotel Meenam, Chennai - Overview
Hotel Meenam is one of the budget hotel, that offers decent accommodation and basic facilities for a relaxing holiday. Matching your style and budget, this hotel is an ideal option for cost conscious travelers those who are visiting Chennai. There are 18 maintained rooms with television in room with premium channels, wake-up calls, attached bathroom and H/C running water. This budget hotel in Chennai provides facility like 24-hours front desk, internet access, room service, travel counter for guidance and medical service. Vadapalani Murugan Temple, Marina Beach, Ashtalakshmi Temple, St. Thomas Mount Church and St. George Fort are prominent attractions that can be explored from the hotel.
No. of Floors : 2 | No. of Rooms : 18
Check-in time : From 00:00 am
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Member Since: 03.07.2016
My name is Edward Patterson . I am primarily a Single Family investor based out of the Lewisville, TX area. I am looking to connect with Buyers. Make sure to Friend me and Like my Connected Investors profile.
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Long journey by bus from trichy to punalur is made effortless by redBus, one of the eminent bus ticketing platform fulfilling most of the travel requirements. Numerous operators run their buses in this route creating ample amount of convenience for many people in India. Secured online ticket reservation process and easy booking techniques help every traveler to undergo smooth booking.
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Deutsche Post/Royal Mail05 Apr 2009
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Deutsche Post in race to acquire Royal Mail stake
Deutsche Post, Europe's biggest mail firm, has emerged as a contender to take over a holding in Royal Mail after a delegation of its senior managers met the UK company's advisory board.
As per media reports John Allan, finance director of Deutsche Post, met Royal Mail representatives to talk about a potential investment.
TNT, the Dutch mail operator, and CVC are also interested in the business.
The UK government is seeking to offload a 30% stake in Royal Mail, which is expected to raise nearly £3bn (€3.3bn).


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Governor's Cup update
West Allis - New Zealander Michael Pickens won the pole Friday in qualifying for the 100-lap ASA Late Model Series North Division race Saturday at the Milwaukee Mile. Travis Dassow is the top Wisconsin driver in the field, fifth.
The Governor's Cup 100 is set for 4 p.m. and is the second of four during the grass-roots stock-car weekend.
Also scheduled are the Governor's Cup 40 for the Mid-American Stock Car Series at 2:30 p.m. Saturday, the Governor's Cup 150 for the ASA Late Model Series Challenge Division at 1 p.m. Sunday and the Wisconsin All-Star 100 with Matt Kenseth for the ASA Midwest Tour at 3:30 p.m. Sunday.
Got a headache yet trying to keep track of who's who?
The ASA Late Model Series Challenge Series is the premier circuit under the ASA umbrella and involves a mix of up-and-comers and veterans from around the country. The races are longer than the regional series' and the cars run on radial tires with sealed engines. Ohioan Robbie Pyle domianted last year.
The ASA Late Model Series North Division is pretty much what it sounds like it is. This will be its first race on the track, and the Mile will be the longest track on which the series has competed. The cars run on bias-ply tires.
The Mid-American Stock Car Series is a well established, Midwest-based sportsman series. Bobby Gutknecht is the defending race-winner.
The ASA Midwest Tour is for what would most commonly be known as late-model or super-late-model cars at the country's top short tracks and will be the fastest division on the track this weekend. In addition to Kenseth, Sprint Cup Series point leader Kyle Busch plans to race against the likes of Steve Carlson, Nathan Haseleu and Tim Schendel.
- Date change for 2017 Road America NASCAR race
- Ever wonder what happens to the New Hampshire lobster 'trophy?'
- Slinger Nationals debrief: Thoughts on a great event
- Unofficial Slinger Nationals results
- Entries, schedule for Slinger Nationals
- NASCAR driver Erik Jones tests for Slinger Nationals
- Bill Balog pulls World of Outlaws shocker at Beaver Dam
- Aaron Telitz guest blog: As good as it gets
- Big win for Wisconsin native Aaron Telitz in first Pro Mazda race at Road America
- Chase Elliott won't race in Slinger Nationals


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"Down by the Old Mill Stream" was one of my dad's favorite songs. My dad would have a few beers and then turn up the radio. He and I would then begin to harmonize to the smiling yet cynical faces of the rest of the family. I suppose we weren't all that good. It sounded great to me, though. This memory goes back to my early childhood and the late 1940's. We didn't have a TV in those days. Before all we Americans became addicted to the TV, people had pianos in their living rooms and music emanating from a tube filled contraption that sat in the parlor somewhere in the vicinity of that old piano. One way my dad's generation entertained themselves in the evenings in the tiny parlors of their tenement apartments was by harmonizing around that old floor model radio. I'm old enough to have experienced the tail end of that type entertainment. It obviously impressed me. I've never forgotten us doing it together Whenever I hear songs like "Down by the Old Mill Stream," "Sweet Adeline," "When Irish Eyes Are Smiling," and "A Little Bit of Heaven," pictures begin flashing on that big screen in the back of my head. My father knew all the words to those songs. I loved to listen to him recite the introduction to "A Little Bit of Heaven." "Have you ever heard the story Of how Ireland got its name? I'll tell you so you'll understand From whence old Ireland came." Every time he did it, I thought he was making it up on the spot and telling the story to me. I thought "Down By the Old Mill Stream," was the personal story of my mother and father's romance when they were courting in Lawrence, MA, their hometown. The old mill and the stream were down on Canal Street. The picture that always came to my mind whenever I heard those lyrics is on the cover of this book. I since learned that the old mill in the song was not a textile mill but an old fashioned grist mill and the stream was not one of our Lawrence canals like the one flowing behind Lawton's Hot Dog Stand on the corner of Canal and Broadway. My dad liked the slow, romantic version of the song. He would sing it all the way through like a romantic ballad before I'd burst in like one of the Ink Spots or the Mills Brothers. He sang it with such seriousness and sincerity how could I not believe it was my mom and dad's personal story? I remember the verse for the most part. "Down by the old Mill stream, where I first met you, With your eyes of blue, dressed in gingham too, It was there I knew that you loved me true, You were sixteen, my village queen, by the old mill stream." I thought gingham represented a white wedding dress not a checked tablecloth type of fabric. But in review, the checkered tablecloth design fits Lawrence better than the wedding dress anyway.
About Richard Edward NobleMEET THE AUTHOR Richard Edward Noble was raised in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He attended St. Rita's grammar school in Lawrence, Central Catholic high school also in Lawrence, Northern Essex Community College in Haverhill and Merrimack College in North Andover. His mother and father and grandparents - on both sides of the family - were Lawrence textile workers. Richard lived in Lawrence until the age of twenty-seven and then migrated to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he met his wife Carol. Richard and Carol have been a team for over thirty-five years. Richard has been a truck driver, a butcher, a beef boner, a beef breakdown man, a dishwasher, an oysterman, a fruit picker, a restaurant manager, a chef, a small butcher shop owner, a Kirby vacuum cleaner salesman, a fry cook, a broiler man, an expediter, a restaurant line boss, a hole digger, a swill collector for a pig farm, a raw bar man, a sous-chef, a tomato sorter, a sander in a spray paint factory and the owner/operator of an ice cream parlor and sandwich shop in Carrabelle, Florida. These experiences and many more were published in Hobo-ing America - A workingman's tour of the U.S.A. and other works by this author. Richard is now retired and working as a writer. He writes fiction, non-fiction, creative non-fiction and poetry. He published a column in a local newspaper. In 2007 he received a first place award for humor from the Florida Press Association for this column. Richard has a variety of interests - philosophy, history, politics, the American and world labor movements, economics, poetry, music, biography, autobiography and the unique history of Lawrence, Massachusetts.
Details Book
|Richard Edward Noble
|Data Published
|22 April 2013
|Format Book
|PDF, Epub, DOCx, TXT
|Number of Pages
|210 pages
|Age +
|15 years
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Wall Street Fraud News
Timeline of the Wells Fargo Accounts Scandal
Wells Fargo is embroiled in a scandal over assertions that bank employees opened accounts without customers' authorization. Here's a timeline of key events since the allegations came to light: Sept. 8, 2016 The alleged misconduct was revealed when the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB),
Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf Told to Resign by Sen. Warren
Amid tense questioning on Capitol Hill this morning, Sen. Elizabeth Warren , D-Mass., told Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf that he should resign and face criminal charges amid a scandal over allegations that bank employees opened accounts without customers' authorization. Warren was far from the only
Harvard Law Grad Accused of Scheming to Defraud Investors of $95M
A Princeton University and Harvard Law graduate is accused of scheming to defraud investors of more than $95 million, inventing fictional financiers and creating fake email addresses to back up his story. Andrew Caspersen, 39, was arrested at New York's LaGuardia Airport on Saturday, according to
Bernie Madoff Sleuth Harry Markopolos Warns of 3 New Ponzi Scams
At least three major Ponzi schemes are currently scamming American investors, according to Harry Markopolos , the man whose warnings about the Bernard Madoff Ponzi scheme were ignored by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). "I'm working on three multi-billion dollar Ponzi schemes today,"
MLB's 30 general managers ... who are they?
Below are quick thumbnails of the 30 general managers as the industry heads into the winter meetings in Nashville. Reflecting considerable recent turnover as a new generation of leadership in the game gets promoted, the nature of the GM job has changed -- especially with "title inflation" as more
How Bond Investors Stand to Lose When Interest Rates Rise
In a key scene in the movie " Wall Street ," when Charlie Sheen 's character is about to be arrested for securities fraud, the seasoned investment pro played by Hal Holbrook likens Sheen's impending doom to a man "looking into the abyss." Many bond investors may be looking into their own kind of
Oh, snap! Football's getting crazy fast
Don't look away from the screen! Don't go to the concession stand for a beer! You'll miss something, because football keeps speeding up. The hurry-up offense is causing total snaps per game to increase. In the NFL, last season the New England Patriots snapped the ball six more times per game than
Why Facebook Is Spending Big Money for Oculus
Morning Money Memo… Is the Oculus Rift the next really big thing in virtual reality? Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is betting on it. Weeks after agreeing to spend $19 billion to buy WhatsApp, Zuckerberg is continuing his spending ways. Facebook has agreed to buy Oculus...
Bernie Madoff's 7 Deadliest Lies
On the fifth anniversary of Bernie Madoff's arrest for perpetuating the biggest Ponzi scheme ever, here's a look at some of the claims that the 75-year-old has made. As the trial of five former Madoff employees continues in New York, Madoff is serving a 150-year sentence in a North Carolina prison.
The Note's Must-Reads for Thursday, November 28, 2013
The Note's Must-Reads are a round-up of today's political headlines and stories from ABC News and the top U.S. newspapers. Posted Monday through Friday right here at www.abcnews.com Compiled by ABC News' Jayce Henderson, Amanda VanAllen and Will Cantine PRESIDENT OBAMA The New York Daily...


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Digital 2000 AD Prog 1492
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14th June 2006
V.C.'s: Mail Call [7]
Dredd: Jumped [2]
Mega-City One, 2130 AD. This vast urban nightmare on the east coast of post-apocalyptic North America is home to 400 million citizens, every one a potential criminal. With lawlessness rife, only the Judges can prevent total anarchy. These future lawmen are judge, jury and executioner. Toughest of them all is Judge Dredd - he is the Law!
London Falling: London Falling [2]
London, 2006. Jack Capelthwaite is seemingly an ordinary man living a humdrum existence in the capital's suburbs. Married with two children and an office job that is slowly draining his will to live, there appears to be nothing to differentiate him from thousands of other city-dwellers. But Jack has a secret past he can't escape, and London has a rich history of horror...
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1775. Captain Jack Dancer and his motley crew were one of the most infamous band of pirates sailing the southern seas. But wanted by the British Navy and exiled from their home on New Providence Island, they sought adventure elsewhere...
Droid Life: Lobster Random Already Did This Joke [1]
Comical tales from the Nerve Centre sub-basement as Tharg's minions put together the Galaxy's Greatest Comic.
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The far future. The universe is in a state of chaos following a complete reality breakdown. Once peaceful planets are now ruled by insane despots from other dimensions, each demanding utter subservience from their subjects. But it wasn't always like this - once there was an Empire that believed in honour, justice and a dashed fine cup of tea...


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Bollywood's estranged couple Ranvir Shorey and Konkona Sen Sharma have reunited for the actress' directorial debut 'A Death in The Gunj'. Ranvir who is a part of the movie said that he could not say no to the mother of his child. "I told Konkona not to cast me in the film, but she insisted
Helen gets home injured Rajesh Khanna - Mere jeevan saathi Scene
Scene from Mere Jeevan Saathi (1972), a love story, starring Rajesh Khanna, Tanuja, KNSingh, Helen, Sujit Kumar. Music : RDBurman, Director : Ravi Nagaich.
Bollywood actress Kajol who is known for her polite nature recently left everyone shocked by doing something which was quite unexpected of her. If reports are to be believed, the actress made an indecent gesture to a journalist during the Durga puja celebrations. Kajol with her whole famil
Kajol never misses Durga Puja celebration. Like every year, this year also the 'Dilwale' actress stepped out at a popular Mumbai pandal with mother Tanuja and sister Tanishaa. Ayan Mukherji, Kiran Rao and a host of popular Bollywood celebrities indulged in Durga Puja celebration.
Latest Bollywood News
- Ash-Abhi, Sridevi, Kjo at Manish Malhotra's b'day bash
- Salman Khan, Shahrukh Khan to reunite on-screen
- Bigg Boss 10: Manu Punjabi to return after performing mother's last rites
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Travelling by car this festive season? If so, don't forget to look after it! There is nothing more certain to spoil your Christmas cheer than a breakdown en route to family or friends.
Booking your car in for its regular service, particularly at this time of year, will not only improve its reliability, safety and environmental performance but also significantly protect its re-sale or trade-in value. Many garages also offer a 'winter check' of a vehicle's fluid levels, anti-freeze, brakes and tyres, sometimes for free.
Research has shown, however, that many motorists rely purely on the annual MOT to determine their car's roadworthiness, which is both a false economy and potentially dangerous. At the same time, if you're thinking of lifting the bonnet for a spot of DIY servicing – don't! Modern vehicles are increasingly complex, with sophisticated engine management and other electronic systems.
The advice from the Institute of the Motor Industry (IMI), which is the professional body for individuals working in the motor trade, is ensure that your car is maintained by qualified professionals. In a bid to give motorists peace of mind when it comes to getting the car serviced, the IMI, which has 25,000 members, has prepared a list of handy 'top tips'.
A vehicle's service history can not only boost its value but also make the difference between a desirable and completely unwanted car. The absence of a service history may knock £500 or more off a car's value or, even worse, may simply make the vehicle unwanted.
Comments Sarah Sillars, IMI chief executive: "With vehicle systems now more complex than ever, motorists should be sure of an individual's credentials to work on their car, if they are to avoid any repercussions. Quite simply, if there is no evidence of skills training, shop elsewhere."
The IMI has a network of over 250 approved training centres nation-wide, including most manufacturers which offer a range of technical and non-technical qualifications, including modern apprenticeships and technical certificates.


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Large mammals in captivity
Early look at Wild Animal Park, troubled elephants come to the zoo, China's panda hunter and pandas end up in San Diego, the morality of SeaWorld's dolphins
Various Authors 3:49 p.m., Dec. 3
A winter morning in the Imperial Valley. Photo was taken near Holtville, CA. "it's a Vilma!" Vilma Ruiz Pacrem
Photo by Vilma Ruiz Pacrem
Posted April 28, 2011
Various Authors 3:49 p.m., Dec. 3
2 p.m., Dec. 3
Matthew Suárez 11 a.m., Dec. 3
Ian Anderson 7:30 p.m., Dec. 2
Don Bauder 6 p.m., Dec. 2
Dorian Hargrove 4:30 p.m., Dec. 2
Matthew Lickona 4 p.m., Dec. 2
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We have several sources for streaming videos that can be shown in class or assigned for viewing by students anywhere. Some of these include:
Ambrose provides streaming documentary/educational videos in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Videos require Flash.
American History in Video provides streaming Flash videos covering American history, most with transcripts. It includes programs from the History Channel, A&E, and Biography Channel, plus documentaries, newsreels, and archival footage. Users who establish profiles can create playlists of videos and video clips with persistent URLs to include in course pages. Video coverage from 1492 to late 20th century.
Films of Demand provides streaming videos on social science and life science topics. The videos use Flash for desktop computers and HTML5-compatible media for mobile devices. Streaming rights expire for content on this platform; see the Addison record for the individual films for expiration dates.
Henry Stewart Talks provides access to over 1,500 online seminar-style talks for biochemistry, cancer, neurobiology, genetics, and more. Each seminar talk includes options for linking or embedding, as a whole talk, or as one or more customized segments based on start/end times.
Met Opera on Demand provides streaming video of over 500 Met performances, each with subtitles in English and other languages. You can search by opera, singer, composer, or conductor. P
This collection of streaming videos is the digital counterpart to our VHS collection of PBS shows. Complete list of titles. The collection covers a broad range of disciplines in the humanities, arts, social sciences and sciences, but is particularly strong in American history and American studies.
PsycTHERAPY provides unscripted videos of therapy sessions, with searchable transcripts and the ability to create playlists.
Routledge Performance Archive provides streaming audio-visual materials of theatrical performances, with annotations from The Routledge Companion to Theatre and Performance and practitioner biographies. Limited to concurrent user.
This database is on trial through March 25, 2015. Films on Demand offers almost 400 streaming videos of movies from around the world: Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. Please provide feedback on this database.
NOTE: Most items obtained from this page are subscribed to by the library and accessible only to Virginia Tech students, faculty, and staff.
WARNING: The abuse of Virginia Tech licensed online resources by such means as systematic downloading violates the university's acceptable use policy, jeopardizes Tech's future access to resources, and is prohibited.


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An atheist group has succeeded in forcing the Navy to scrap an annual live nativity presentation at a naval base in Bahrain. The group, identifying itself as the Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers, sent a letter to the inspector general complaining that the Christmas display violated the Constitution's supposed separation of church and state.
Obama Administration's War on ReligionWritten by Jack Kenny
Under the Obama administration, while it is still acceptable to go to church and profess to be Christian, it is definitely not OK to live your faith in any public venue.
A group of atheists has posted a billboard in New York City's Times Square depicting Christianity as a "myth," apparently mocking Jesus Christ on the cross.
Notre Dame University has announced it will add an on-campus support group for homosexual, transgender, and other sexually confused students.
Christmas Myths?Written by Duke Pesta
In this day and age, when something is described as myth, people think of it as false history, not as something mythic. And we falsely assume that society can be free of "myth."
In the following video presentation, Dr. Duke Pesta, academic director at FreedomProject Education, encapsulates key points he made in his "Christmas Myths?" cover story in the December 24 issue of The New American.
The leader of the American Humanist Association has a request for new members of Congress: Don't join the Congressional Prayer Caucus because it "discriminates against non-religious Americans." In a letter to incoming legislators, released shortly after the November 6 elections, the group's director, Roy Speckhardt, complained that some of the over 100 members of the Caucus, founded in 2005 by Congressman Randy Forbes (R-N.C.), "have repeatedly introduced and supported legislation that we feel is unconstitutional and often favors religious institutions and individuals over non-religious institutions and individuals."
Christmas Myths?Written by TNA Video
Officials in a North Carolina school district are being called to task after they forced a first grader to remove references to God from a poem she had written to honor her grandfather, a Vietnam war veteran.
In a ray of hope for traditional marriage, a federal judge has upheld a state constitutional amendment in Nevada that defines marriage as only between a man and a woman. The pro-family victory comes just as the U.S. Supreme Court is considering whether or not to decide the fate of two landmark marriage laws — the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and California's Proposition 8, both of which have been ruled unconstitutional by federal appeals courts.
A pair of aging lesbians, one of them a West Point graduate and homosexual activist, were "married" December 1 at the military academy's Protestant Cadet Chapel, the first homosexual couple allowed to hold such a ceremony in the sacred and historic building.


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Dan Hampton: 'There will never be anyone like Buddy Ryan'
Buddy was tougher than boot leather.
Buddy was tougher than boot leather.
The current zone has been in effect only since 1996.
Good pitching — this time from starter Carlos Rodon — and solid defense played right into Ventura's winning formula.
Though Abreu isn't the only player struggling, manager Robin Ventura said the day off "is just to hit the reset button.
The Sox will send Mat Latos to the mound for the first game of the doubleheader. Erik Johnson will pitch Game 2.


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Note: Sample below may appear distorted but all corresponding word document files contain proper formattingExcerpt from Essay:
Random Police Patrolling vs. IT Policing Application
The research supported by the National Institute of Justice of the U.S. Department of Justice presented eight major hypotheses on crime prevention by the police (Sherman et al., 1990). The third was random patrolling, which assumed that the more random patrols in public places, the greater the perceived "omnipresence" of police force to discourage crime. Early beat officers checked on specific areas at specific times according to strictly supervised patterns (Reiss, 1992 as qtd in Sherman et al.). The adoption of the Rapid 911 response scheme in automobiles gradually replaced random patrolling. The basis was the perceived unpredictability of patrolling patterns, which would create police omnipresence to discourage crime in public places. Finding of a research came up with weak evidence on the effect of patrolling either in number or variations. It concluded that patrol presence in big cities had no crime prevention effects. The reported weakness was greater according to another study, which added daytime foot patrols. Large incidents of burglary and robbery occurred at night when the foot patrols were not in the areas. However, many police chiefs and mayors still believe that random patrolling would help reduce crime (Sherman et al.).
In comparison, the application of technology to law enforcement has revolutionalized its work in deterring crime in the past few years (Roberts, 2011). The increasing capabilities of computer technology, its continuous diminishing costs, the progressive and extensive growth mobile communications, and the expansion of available and innovative technological applications have greatly enhance the work of law enforcement throughout the country. Police patrols are now equipped with the most technologically sophisticated vehicles, laptop computers or mobile digital computers, in-car cameras, automated license plate readers, multi-band radios, automated vehicle location, emergency lights, sirens and RADAR or LIDAR devices. Police officers now carry or wear technological gadgets, such as a smartphone, video camera or a less deadly weapon. These are in addition to the standard weapons, handcuffs, ammunition, baton and a flashlight (Roberts).
2. COMPSTAT and Its Basic Functions
The four basic steps in information systems are input, process, output and storage (Jacobson, 2014). Input is anything that the user wants to put inside a system for any use. A keyboard, scanner, microphone, mouse and another computer are among the resources for inputs. An input has any purpose only when it is processed and produced into some kind of output. Processing occurs in the inner components of a computer when it converts inputs into something usable. An output is the processed information in some usable form. It takes many forms, such as monitor or printer for visual product or a speaker for audio. It may be usable for short duration, such as printing photographs or for longer periods and must be kept or stored. And storage is the component for saving data. Data are stored for any reason. They may be kept for future reference or to prevent their loss. Data storage is important. Outputs and processed data may be stored in the hard disk, in the USB drive or as a CD (Jacobson).
COMPSTAT or Computer Comparison Statistics is a multifaceted system used to manage police operations (Godown 2014). It helps the organization fulfill its mission and achieve its goals. As a crime control process, it consists of recurring meetings during which performances are critically reviewed in search of improvements and for greater opportunities. It is two-pronged. It reviews crimes outwardly and its effects in the community. And it evaluates the organization internally in identifying the best practices for personnel management. The COMPSTAT process is guided by the four principles, namely, accurate and timely intelligence; effective tactics; rapid deployment; and relentless follow-up and assessment. In implementing accurate and timely intelligence, the police force must know what is happening. In enforcing effective tactics, the force must create a plan. Deployment should always be rapid. And relentless follow-up and assessment mean that is something works, it should be repeated. If it does not, something else should be done in its place that will work (Godown).
3. How Information Systems Enable Faster Crime Response
Technology has done wonders in empowering police officers, especially those in the field (Roberts, 2011). It enables them to inquire or search into…[continue]
"Compstat And Its Potentials In Policing" (2014, April 21) Retrieved December 5, 2016, from http://www.paperdue.com/essay/compstat-and-its-potentials-in-policing-188368
"Compstat And Its Potentials In Policing" 21 April 2014. Web.5 December. 2016. <http://www.paperdue.com/essay/compstat-and-its-potentials-in-policing-188368>
"Compstat And Its Potentials In Policing", 21 April 2014, Accessed.5 December. 2016, http://www.paperdue.com/essay/compstat-and-its-potentials-in-policing-188368
Police Intelligence: Rapidly Changing the Way Police Organizations Fight Crime Since the professional era of policing, the traditional role of the police officer in the United States has primarily been that of crime fighter. Law enforcement officers detect and arrest offenders to keep the public safe and until relatively recently, the job was pretty straightforward. The officer would walk his beat, talking to the community and acting to reassure them. If
For example, using predictive policing will likely be at odds with many of the organizational cultures found in traditional police forces in many cities. Furthermore, different objectives may also take precedence over the use of COMPSTAT systems such as political goals as well as the ability for policing organizations to provide the needed resources to take advantage of a COMPSTAT system. The various COMPSTAT systems can take various inputs, such
, Skolnick and Fyfe, and Walker, that conclude racial discrimination has been found in several policing duties, facilitated by police discretion, including shootings, use of force, arrests, street stops, offense charging, search and seizure, and equality of coverage. Police discretion allows for this discrimination to occur. Skogan and Frydl (2004) concur that police discretion is an increased concern, in relation to racial profiling and discrimination. The authors surmise that pro-active special
Predictive policing is a trend that uses technology to predict hot crime spots and send police to the area before a crime is committed. By using data mining and crime mapping, police are deployed to areas based on statistical probability and geospatial predictions. This technology is based on the same technology used by businesses to predict sales trends and customer behavior patterns. Now, police departments can use the same technology
Community Policing Efficacy The Violent Crime Control & Law Enforcement Act of 1994 heralded the beginning of a massive effort to reform policing strategies in the United States, in part through implementation of community-policing programs at the local level. Congress has allocated billions of federal dollars over the years since to support such efforts and by the end of the 20th century, close to 90% of all police departments serving communities
American Policing As one would expect, the police are aggressive, noticeable and thespian. It is easy for them to happen to be the objects and representatives of order, jeopardy, and inscrutability. They not only mark the boundaries of an urbane organization and regulation but also are the boundary markers themselves. They have vast authority over the legal resources including lethal and nonlethal weapons, specialized vehicles, adequate personnel etc. (Manning, 2008).
COPs and POPs Community- and problem-oriented policing have been touted by some as representing the biggest changes to policing implemented at the end of the 20th century (reviewed by Maguire and King, 2004). However, as Maguire and King point out, defining these policing innovations is not a straightforward task since there may be as many variations as there are police agencies. This essay will define and contrast these two policing strategies


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This page needs to be renamed to the Miriam Turner Overpass. I was watching a GTA V Let's Play with GamrINSANITY and it was a Trevor mission. Trevor said something about the destination being around the "Port City side of the Miriam Turner Overpass" and it was the port around the terminus of the bridge. So this led to clues that this bridge is called the Miriam Turner Overpass. TheGuyWhoKnewHowToCry (talk) 15:06, September 21, 2013 (UTC)
This page should definitely be renamed. DocVinewood (talk) 21:00, November 11, 2013 (UTC)


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Having unwanted fat in numerous areas of your body can have a considerable effect on your health and self-esteem. While traditional weight reduction through exercise and diet plan is a fantastic method to slim down in general, even the very best workouts can't target problem locations like the tummy, inner thighs, arms, and buttocks. Liposuction is a time checked treatment that is utilized to get rid of excess fat from specific areas of the body, allowing a specific to shape and contour their body to their liking. Is liposuction right for you? Find out now.
Pros of Liposuction
There are lots of benefits to this cosmetic treatment, consisting of:
• Instantly visible modifications. Unlike standard weight reduction, liposuction creates changes that are right away visible in the body. Some distinction is visible right away, and the desired results are usually achieved in just a few days.
• Proven and safe. This cosmetic procedure has actually been performed by skilled surgeons all over the world for several years and the technique has been improved over and once again to be safe and effective.• Healing time is typically quick. The downtime required after having this kind of procedure is generally much less than exactly what is required for other kinds of cosmetic treatments, including abdominoplasty, breast reduction, and more. People who have had the procedure can often return to work much more rapidly than they expected and can return to living a healthy, active way of life.
• Weight-loss can be long-term. With the ideal maintenance techniques, the fat that was eliminated throughout the liposuction treatment will not return.
• Complete control over your body. With liposuction, an individual can have complete control over how they wish to look, beyond what standard diet and exercise can provide. Offering individuals this power over their bodies enhances self-confidence and help people feel their very best.
While there many advantages to liposuction, there are of course a few cautions that must be considered prior to making the decision to move on with the procedure.
Cons of Liposuction
Prior to having actually liposuction done, it's important to examine the prospective drawbacks of the treatment and figure out if the advantages surpass the risks in your particular case. Your cosmetic surgeon can help you find out more about the threats connected with the procedure and can help you choose if progressing is the ideal thing for you.
• Issues with general anesthesia. Because liposuction is carried out under basic anesthesia, the procedure carries the very same threats as any other kind of surgery where basic anesthesia is used. Hidden medical conditions might increase these dangers.
• Unfavorable reactions. Bruising, bleeding, and pain are all to be expected, however, in unusual cases can trigger more substantial issues.
• The possible to gain the weight back. After having liposuction done, it is crucial to preserve a healthy diet plan and exercise correctly as suggested by your doctor. Failure to do so might result in acquiring back the weight that was lost or perhaps much more.
Although there are dangers connected with liposuction, for many people, the advantages far surpass them. Educate yourself about the procedure by having in-depth discussions with your specialist and think about how liposuction has the prospective to impact you as a special person. Just you and your surgeon can identify if liposuction will provide you with the results you are searching for within your expectations.
Laser Liposuction procedure is a new non invasive procedure to loose unwanted bodyfat in Eagle Nebraska
Laser liposuction is a newer, minimally intrusive procedure that includes heating the fat cells to melting point and eliminating the melted fat through a little cannula. The procedure is generally done right in your doctor's workplace and is an excellent alternative for individuals who have less than 500 ml of fat to get rid of from any one location. Laser liposuction can be a safe, complementary procedure to weight reduction in order to sculpt the body you have actually always desired.
Contact a Specialist in your Eagle Nebraska today.
If you're considering liposuction as a weight-loss solution, it is very important that you discuss your desires with a qualified cosmetic surgeon in your location. Your surgeon will carry out a complete examination and health history questionnaire to figure out if liposuction can benefit you and help you reach your physical and emotional objectives. Call today for a consultation and learn more about how liposuction can help you achieve the body of your dreams.


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Sunspots from Eugene, Oregon
November 30, 2015
This is the first picture I've taken of the sun. I used my Orion Starblast telescope with sun filter and Orion StarShoot camera. I processed it using registax, best 200 frames.
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A lot of problems in the world would disappear if we talked to each other instead of about each other.
Quotes by "Unknown"
It's scary to think that one day we're going to have to live without our mother or father or brother or husband or wife. Or that one day we're going to have to walk this earth without our best friend by our side, or them without us. Appreciate your loved ones while you can, because none of us are going to be here forever.


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Krasnodar Territory was founded on September 13, 1937. Its territory is 75 500 sq. km populated by 5 141 800 citizens. The capital city is Krasnodar (historically Ekaterinodar) located on the border with the Republic of Adygea and populated by 710 700 citizens. Krasnodar is 1350 km far from Moscow. Krasnodar Territory is a part of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation and borders with Rostov Oblast, Stavropol Territory, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the Republic of Adygea and Abkhazia (to enter the latter you would need a passport). Krasnodar Territory has a sea border with Crimea (the UTerritoryne).
The climate of the larger part of Krasnodar Territory is moderately continental and subtropical along the Black Sea shore. Average January temperature 0C in mountains falling to —5C on flatlands, July average is +13C up to +24C respectively.
Ekaterinodar was founded in 1793 as a fortress by the Black Sea (former Zaporozhian) Cossacks that were resettled to Kuban at the end of the XVIII century. In 1860 Ekaterinodar became the administrative centre of Kuban province and less than in ten years received a city status. One of the main attractions of Krasnodar and a sort of a tourist trademark is the Katherine the Great Monument, since the city was called in the name of the famous Tsarina. Many streets keep their pre-Revolution names to this day. Among architectural sights the most distinguished are the building of the Art Museum, St. George's Church and the former tenement building of Baron L.V. Shteigel.
First of all Krasnodar Territory is famous for its Black Sea resorts — hundreds of kilometers of beaches for all tastes. Vacation here is a good combination of recreation with therapeutic treatment by local mineral waters (Matsesta) and peloids.
Anapa that has been the preferred place for family recreation with kids and a climatic and balneal resort of the federal importance truly deserves to be among the first three leaders among Russian resorts. Health resorts, recreation centres, kids' camps and a multitude of private hotels with quality service provide a wide choice range for recreation. Festivals, night clubs, discos, bars and restaurants, a stadium, a yacht club, bowling clubs with billiards — all this you would find here as a guest. Keen historians would be attracted by an open-air museum «Gorgippia», which is a vast excavation site of an ancient Greek town. Anapa was built on the place of an ancient Sindi settlement — an antique town of Sindica or Sindica harbor. After joining the Bosporan Kingdom (5 cent. B.C. — III cent. A.D.) the city was named Gorgippia after the ruler Gorgippe. In the XIV century the city was made a Genoese colony called «Mapa» that was later captured by the Turks in 1475. By the arrival of the Russians in the late XVIII century the settlement had an Adyghe name of Anapa that it keeps to this day. Here you would also be offered tours to Temryuk and Abrau-Dyurso and kids would enjoy a Dolphinarium.
In Sochi you should visit a unique nook of Russian Black Sea territories — the «Yew and Boxwood Grove» Reserve. As you enter it you would find yourself in an ancient Kolchis forest where you could see yews and white beeches and where boxwood forms constant impassable massifs. Moss-grown secular trees are entangles in lianas and among them you would find the oldest yew that is two thousands years old. Deep inside the Reserve there are ruins of an ancient fortress dd. XI-XII centuries and the entrance into the yew and boxwood grove you would find the Museum of the Western Caucasus Flora and Fauna.
The Great Akhun Mountain, the Great Akhun Waterfalls, Stalin's dacha, the Dendrarium, dolmens, the Monkey Nursery, a Trout farm make a short list of the places of attraction you could see in Sochi. You would be offered a number of excursions to Abkhazia attractions. Besides that the city hosts annual international billiards club championships, international bicycle races, the All-Russia mountain bike championship and other events, including festivals for kids like «Magic of Dance», «Junior Kinotavr» and «Fairytale magic».
The Vorontsovskie caves that can be reached from Sochi are popular among cavers. One more attraction for keen speleologists would be one of the deepest karst caves in Russia — Nazarovskaya — 500 meters deep, which is located in the upper Khosta River of Krasnodar Territory.
Krasnaya Polyana (Red Glade) settlement 39 km far from Sochi is the center of mountain skiing and the place where future Winter Olympics of 2014 will take place. Here you would be able to enjoy slopes of various difficulties, a cable way that would take you up to the Aibga Range summit, horse rides along the mountains, rapid rivers, grand glaciers, crystal clear lakes and a few mountain skiing complexes that are a true present for people who enjoy active recreation. Extreme skiing fanatics could jump into a helicopter that would take you to mountain summits that reach 2238 m height here.
River Mzymta is famous for its rafting routes where you could raft down a real rapid mountain river with experienced instructors. And extreme sports followers could go on a jeep tour up in the mountains.
Recreation opportunities of Krasnodar Territory are rich and diverse, so any visitor would be able to find the way of pastime to his liking.
For more detailed information on the Territory, please refer to Internet resources of governmental authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
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