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Jim Root Wants To Release Another Slipknot Album Sooner Rather Than Later
Written by Emmy Mack on 5th May, 2015
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Slipknot riff crusher Jim Root has revealed that he's started writing new material for what he hopes will be the masked metal maniac's sixth studio album.
The guitarist is still riding high on the success of last year's critically-acclaimed comeback effort, .5: The Gray Chapter, which was six years in the making. But he doesn't want to wait that long between albums again.
"We haven't been able to do two albums back-to-back since our first one and Iowa," Root tells the Des Moines Register in his native Iowa.
"We're at a point in our career where the band is on top of its game. If we take two years or however long away, who knows if we could come back? Someone might decide they want direct or write, or other bands' projects might take priority."
The 'knot axeman adds that he's planning for the best, while expecting the worst. "I started writing again – hopefully the songs will be on a new Slipknot record. If not, I'll find something else to do with them."
Slipknot were in Australia earlier this year to headline Soundwave 2015, and they're about to head to the UK to perform at the juggernaut Download festival.


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Shaken by deaths, CHP reviews safety policies
Andrew Blankstein and Ashley Powers, Times Staff Writers
Copyright 2006 Los Angeles Times
All Rights Reserved
The head of the California Highway Patrol on Monday called for a department-wide emergency review of safety policies after the on-the-job deaths of six officers in the last five months -- the most recent struck and killed over the weekend by a suspected drunk driver in the Cajon Pass.
Copyright © 2013 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Full story: Shaken by deaths, CHP reviews safety policies
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Up in smoke: 9 states have legal marijuana initiatives on the November ballot
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Was there as Jim met Shane Morris for first time. "You're a lefty, right? Show me how you take a snap." Within five seconds, coaching.
Roy Williams collapsed during the TV timeout at BC and has been escorted to the North Carolina locker room.
Robin Williams grew up in Bloomfield Hills and went to Detroit Country Day before moving to CA.
#Lions game on Saturday vs. #Browns is a sellout and will air live on WXYZ and #Lions Television Network. Pregame 7, Kickoff 7:30.
Great job by Jake Long @DevG98 and @umichfootball making a dream come true -> espn.go.com/video/clip?id=… #MyWish


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"Watch your steps... on the hotel roof!" Top 5 Page for this destination Valeggio sul Mincio Warnings Or Dangers Tip by matcrazy1
Valeggio sul Mincio Warnings and Dangers: 33 reviews and 33 photos
I went out through the window of my Cacciatore hotel room to the hotel roof the first morning. What for? Surely to take pictures and smoke cigarette. Well, to take a little bit better picture of the castle I had to take a few steps on these roof tales on my picture (pst... matcrazy0 didn't see that :-).
Hmm... it was not very safe but, anyway, I took a few nice pictures and then I did a mistake, I looked down... hmm... better do not follow me. I was afraid to do it again the next morning although that morning the weather was sunny, much better for taking pictures.
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created by FromSoftware, Inc. and published by Ubisoft Entertainment, Agetec, Inc. & FromSoftware, Inc.
Armored Core 2 is the second Mecha combat game in the Armored Core series and unlike the future games in the series, stays within the story universe of its predecessor.
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Transportation Businesses For Sale in Avon Center OH
Searched the MergerNetwork database for Transportation Businesses For Sale in Avon Center OH and found no matches. Expanded the search to nearby areas and found the following matches.
Limousine and Party Bus Service Company for Sale #457488 posted Nov 8, 2016
- Akron, Ohio, United States
- $49,000
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- Troy, Michigan, United States
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Looking to sell an established transportation company. The company has been in business since 2011. Already setup with thousands of freight brokers. This sale includes only the company name, MC number and access account to Sylectus. Company is based in Troy, MI and can be relocated to anywhere. Over...
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Piracetam was the first racetam developed
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 14, 1978
|Filing date
|Sep 19, 1977
|Priority date
|Sep 19, 1977
|Publication number
|Mark O. Kestner, Robert H. Krueger
|Original Assignee
|Borg-Warner Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (30), Classifications (16), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a method for making the heat transfer surfaces of cooling water systems and boilers resistant to the formation of scale deposits and fouling. More particularly the invention is a method for making heat transfer surfaces resistant to the deposition of scale and fouling by coating the surfaces with a film of plasma-polymerized fluoroethylene monomer.
In heat exchange equipment, the formation of scale and fouling on heat transfer surfaces lowers the efficiency of the surface and can cause overheating and damage. Scaling is caused by crystallization and/or precipitation of salts, mainly calcium carbonate, to form a hard adherent layer on the surface. Such scale may be controlled by pretreatment to remove scale-forming constituents or by increasing or broadening the solubility of scale-forming salts through use of dispersants, often coupled with blowdown procedures to remove accumulated sludges and to lower the concentration of dissolved solids. Although many such prior art methods exist which markedly reduce the scaling rate, these do not completely eliminate the problem and with time, scaling becomes sufficient to reduce efficiency and requires cleaning and/or replacement of the heat transfer surfaces. A method for reducing the formation of adherent scale on heat transfer surfaces could alone be a useful advance in the art, and could when used with prior art water treatment processes markedly extend the useful life of heat transfer equipment.
The instant invention is a method for inhibiting the formation of adherent scale deposits on heat transfer surfaces by coating said surfaces with a film of plasma-polymerized fluoroethylene monomer. The coated surfaces resist the deposition of adherent scale.
Heat transfer surfaces exposed to aqueous fluids may be made markedly resistant to the deposition of adherent scale by coating with plasma polymerized fluoroethylene monomer such as tetrafluoroethylene.
Methods for forming plasma-polymerized coatings on surfaces from fluoroethylene monomers are widely known in the art. In general, the polymerization is accomplished by adding monomer vapor to a radio frequency-generated low pressure plasma employing an inert gas such as argon. When carried out in the presence of the substrate, polymer is uniformly deposited on the exposed surfaces. The process is applicable to a variety of fluoroethylene monomers including for example tetrafluoroethylene perfluorobutene-2, chlorotrifluoroethylene, difluoroethylene and the like. For the purposes of this invention the preferred fluoroethylene monomer will be tetrafluoroethylene. Plasma polymerization provides poly(tetrafluoroethylene) PTFE coatings on substrates which, being uniform and very thin, do not significantly affect heat transfer properties of heat transfer surfaces.
For the purposes of this invention, the plasma polymerization process will be carried out in the presence of metallic substrates which are to be used in heat exchanges as heat transfer fluid conduction means, usually in the form of metal tubes. The coating will be deposited on those surfaces which subsequently will be in contact with aqueous heat transfer fluids. Conventional plasma polymerization techniques deposit uniform and extremely thin coatings on the substrates. The coatings will generally range in thickness from a single monolayer to as thick as 1/10,000", depending upon the length of time of the polymerization. Considerably greater coating thicknesses may be applied by a protracted polymerization. For the purpose of this invention very thin coatings are preferred because polymeric coatings generally have a deleterious effect on the heat transfer properties, and these effects will be minimal for coatings of less than 1/10,000 inch in thickness. To be effective in reducing the deposition of scale, it is necessary that those surfaces of the heat transfer fluid conducting means which contact aqueous heat transfer fluids be coated with at least a monolayer of plasma-polymerized fluoroethylene monomer.
In the following Examples, copper coupons 11/4" � 3/4" � 0.06" were plasma-coated with PTFE. The samples were prepared by first abrading the surfaces with 600 grit emery paper, then solvent cleaning and air-drying the coupons. The coupons were placed in a vacuum cleaner under argon at 10-3 torr and a plasma was initiated with 13.56 megahertz radio frequency energy. Tetrafluoroethylene monomer was bled into the plasma over a 5 to 10 minute period. The monomer polymerized and deposited on the coupon surfaces as PTFE.
Scaling tests were run by immersing the coupons in a supersaturated aqueous calcium carbonate solution (pH9) for a period of 18 hours at room temperature. The scaled coupons were removed from the calcium carbonate solution, rinsed with 200 ml of deionized water, then dried by first rinsing with acetone, then ethanol and blown with a nitrogen stream. The amount of adherent scale was determined by dissolving the scale with 3N. HCl and determining the amount of calcium as PPM/CaCO3 by atomic adsorbtion spectroscopy.
Control and Comparative Examples were also prepared and similarly exposed to saturated CaCO3 solution. Three uncoated controls were prepared by sandblasting, by abrading with 120 grit emery paper and by polishing with 6 micron diamond paste, respectively. Two coated controls were prepared--one by dip coating a coupon with a commercial 7.5% fluoropolymer solution in freon and a second by dip coating a coupon with a commercial 14% solids fluoropolymer dispersion in water. The coatings were air dried, then heated at 130� C. to further dry the samples.
The scale deposition data are summarized in Table I.
Table I______________________________________Scale Deposition Tests on Copper CouponsEx. Surface CaCO3 ScaleNo. Treatment Coating (PPM) Reduction (%)1______________________________________1 600 grit Emery PTFE 1.0 942 " " 1.1 913 Sand Blast None 14 --4 120 grit Emery None 16 --5 6μ grit polish None 12.3 --6 600 grit Emery Fluoropolymer 5.0 59 Emulsion7 " Fluoropolymer 4.3 65 Solution______________________________________ Notes: 1 Scale reduction is based on best non-coated sustrate, Example 5
It will be apparent from these data that highly polished surfaces of Example 5 are readily coated with adherent scale under the mild conditions of these tests, whereas for the plasma coated PTFE surfaces of Examples 1 and 2 the amount of scaling is reduced by more than 90%. Dip coating to provide fluoropolymer surfaces on the copper coupons (Examples 6 and 7) does reduce the deposition of adherent scale, but not nearly as effectively as do the plasma-coated surfaces of Examples 1 and 2.
For comparison purposes, a sample coupon was prepared from a sheet of Teflon brand polytetrafluoroethylene. The Teflon coupon and a copper coupon control, each with no prior surface treatment, were exposed to supersaturated calcium carbonate solution as before. The amount of scaling for the control copper coupon was 20 ppm, and for the Teflon coupon was 10 ppm.
It is surprising that neither Teflon sheet nor fluoropolymer dip coatings are nearly as resistant to the formation of adherent scale as the very thin plasma-polymerized PTFE coatings. Thus, applying PTFE coatings by a plasma polymerization process provides an unexpected advantage over dip-coating methods or techniques wherein a pre-formed PTFE film is adhered to the surface. The plasma polymerizion process deposits extremely thin films which do not materially alter heat transfer properties and which are in a form that resist scaling better than even PTFE films alone (Example 8).
The invention will be seen to be a method for reducing the formation of adherent scale on the heat exchange surfaces of cooling equipment and heating equipment comprising coating said surfaces with plasma-polymerized fluoroethylene monomer.
Heat exchangers having heat transfer fluid conduction means wherein the surfaces in contact with aqueous heat transfer fluids are coated with plasma-polymerized fluoroethylene monomer will resist the deposition of adherent scale and corrosion, and will thus be expected to have extended life and to be less subject to efficiency losses and failure due to overheating.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 30, 1957
|Aug 28, 1962
|Resistoflex Corp
|Methods of lining and jacketing tubular members with prestressed polytetrafluoroethylene
|Dec 14, 1959
|Dec 18, 1962
|Radiation Res Corp
|Polymerizing method and apparatus
|Jul 15, 1965
|Jun 18, 1968
|Plastic Contact Lens Company
|Teflon coating on edges of contact lens
|Aug 8, 1969
|Nov 2, 1971
|Eastman Kodak Co
|Photographic prints coated with antireflection layer
|Nov 16, 1970
|May 16, 1972
|North American Rockwell
|Deposition of polymeric coatings utilizing electrical excitation
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 10, 1982
|Dec 11, 1984
|Heat Exchanger Industries, Inc.
|Exhaust gas treatment method and apparatus
|Nov 14, 1984
|Jul 2, 1985
|Heat Exchanger Industries, Inc.
|Heat exchanger method and apparatus
|Sep 24, 1982
|Aug 20, 1985
|University Of Minnesota
|Implantable catheters with non-adherent contacting polymer surfaces
|Aug 10, 1982
|Dec 10, 1985
|Heat Exchanger Industries, Inc.
|Exhaust gas treatment method and apparatus
|Mar 22, 1985
|Feb 17, 1987
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Coatings for ink jet nozzles
|Jan 27, 1992
|Apr 6, 1993
|Dri-Steem Humidifier Company
|Coated heat exchanger for humidifier
|Feb 9, 1995
|Oct 8, 1996
|Ohmiya Corporation
|Immersion type heat exchanger
|Mar 31, 1997
|Oct 17, 2000
|Glaxo Wellcome Inc.
|Metered dose inhaler for albuterol
|Dec 19, 1996
|Nov 7, 2000
|Glaxo Wellcome Inc.
|Metered dose inhaler for salmeterol
|Apr 11, 1996
|Nov 21, 2000
|Glaxowellcome, Inc.
|Metered dose inhaler for beclomethasone dipropionate
|Mar 31, 1997
|Jul 3, 2001
|Glaxo Wellcome Inc.
|Metered dose inhaler for fluticasone propionate
|Feb 18, 2000
|Jan 28, 2003
|Smithkline Beecham Corp.
|Metered dose inhaler for beclomethasone dipropionate
|Feb 18, 2000
|Jan 28, 2003
|Smithkline Beecham Corp.
|Metered dose inhaler for beclomethasone dipropionate
|May 3, 2000
|Feb 25, 2003
|Smithkline Beecham Corp.
|Metered dose inhaler for salmeterol
|May 16, 2001
|Mar 4, 2003
|Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E. V.
|Metal substrate with a corrosion-resistant coating produced by means of plasma polymerization
|May 15, 2000
|Mar 18, 2003
|Smithkline Beecham Corporation
|Metered dose inhaler for albuterol
|May 15, 2000
|Apr 15, 2003
|Smithkline Beecham Corporation
|Metered dose inhaler for fluticasone propionate
|Dec 7, 2007
|Jul 24, 2012
|Presspart Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Method for applying a polymer coating to an internal surface of a container
|Jun 25, 2012
|Apr 22, 2014
|Presspart Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Method for applying a polymer coating to an internal surface of a container
|May 19, 2011
|Oct 7, 2014
|Liquipel Ip Llc
|Coated electronic devices and associated methods
|Nov 18, 2011
|Feb 9, 2016
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Articles for manipulating impinging liquids and methods of manufacturing same
|Jan 15, 2013
|Apr 12, 2016
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Liquid-encapsulated rare-earth based ceramic surfaces
|Dec 23, 2014
|Jun 21, 2016
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Self-lubricating surfaces for food packaging and food processing equipment
|Jun 11, 2014
|Jul 5, 2016
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Articles for manipulating impinging liquids and methods of manufacturing same
|Mar 5, 2013
|Sep 27, 2016
|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|Hollow porous materials with architected fluid interfaces for reduced overall pressure loss
|Feb 5, 2002
|Oct 10, 2002
|Ausimont S.P.A.
|Treatment of metal substrata with (per) fluoropolyether compounds
|Apr 14, 2004
|Sep 30, 2004
|Smithkline Beecham Corp.
|Metered dose inhaler for fluticasone propionate
|Dec 7, 2007
|Jun 11, 2009
|Groeger Joseph H
|Method for Applying a Polymer Coating to an Internal Surface of a Container
|Mar 10, 1984
|Sep 12, 1985
|Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg
|Process for the surface activation of plastics
|Mar 3, 2000
|Sep 5, 2001
|IABER S.p.A.
|Protection of the water-side surfaces of heat exchangers used in boilers and gas fired water heaters
|U.S. Classification
|165/133, 427/490, 165/905
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 5, 1989
Owner name: BORG-WARNER CORPORATION, A DE CORP.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. EFFECTIVE AS OF DEC. 31, 1987;ASSIGNOR:BORG-WARNER AUTOMOTIVE, INC., A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005287/0001
Effective date: 19881122


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Daily Top Five: Favorite Tribute Albums
Some of my favorite albums are tribute albums, because I enjoy hearing artists cover or reinterpret songs that I know and love. Country music artists […]
Some of my favorite albums are tribute albums, because I enjoy hearing artists cover or reinterpret songs that I know and love. Country music artists […]
There's a cool Guy Clark documentary Kickstarter campaign happening right now that I encourage country music lovers to check out and, perhaps, make a pledge […]
Emmylou Harris
Wrecking Ball: Deluxe Edition
Nonesuch has released an impressive deluxe edition of the landmark Emmylou Harris album, Wrecking Ball. For those who are new to the set, this is the edition you should buy. But it's also worth the upgrade for those who already have this set in their collection.
Produced by Daniel Lanois, this album was a stunning departure for Harris, so much so that she personally requested that it not be eligible for the country charts. That's funny in retrospect, given that alongside legends like Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young, the album was anchored by compositions by up-and-coming songwriters like Gillian Welch, Lucinda Williams, and Julie Miller. With further cuts by writers like Anna McGarrigle, Steve Earle, and Rodney Crowell, Wrecking Ball helped set a template for what would become a vibrant Americana scene over the years that followed.
The Country Universe staff has picked and predicted the 2014 Grammy Awards below, strange bunch that they are. Chime in with your thoughts, and catch the show on Sunday at 7 p.m. CST.
Should Win:
Will Win:
Kevin: With electronic music so mainstream now, it would be wise and timely for NARAS to acknowledge the excellent comeback of one of its pioneers, especially as the year's best country albums (Brandy Clark, Kacey Musgraves, Ashley Monroe, etc.) and the year's best rap album (Kanye West) didn't score nominations in the top category.
Jonathan: Lamar and Daft Punk would both be worthy winners of an award that rarely seems to go to one. Hip-hop and R&B have notoriously struggled in the general field in recent years, so Daft Punk's cachet with the rock contingent should give them the edge over Swift, who didn't score the across-the-board support many were expecting from her this year. If the voters are feeling especially timid, though, watch out for "Brave" yelper Bareilles as a spoiler.
The nominations for the 56th Annual Grammy Awards have been announced. Taylor Swift has the top nomination connected to country music, earning her second nomination for Album of the Year. She took home the award four years ago for Fearless.
Here are the general category nominees, along with all country and country-related categories:
If Taylor Swift wins, she will be the first country-related artist in history to win the category twice with individual projects. Alison Krauss also has two victories, one for her collaboration with Robert Plant (Raising Sand, 2009), and another for her contributions to the O Brother Where Art Thou soundtrack (2002.) The award has only been won by country artists in two other years: Glen Campbell for By the Time I Get to Phoenix (1968), and the Dixie Chicks for Taking the Long Way (2007).
The 54th annual GrammyAdele Awards air this Sunday at 8 p.m. Eastern. Look for appearances by Miranda Lambert, Dierks Bentley and Lady Antebellum as well as country-ish performances by Jason Aldean, Glen Campbell (with the Band Perry and Blake Shelton), Taylor Swift and Carrie Underwood. We've picked and predicted the awards below – share your thoughts, and be sure to drop by on Sunday night for our live blog!
As I'm sure the rest of you do, I make playlists all the time. Many of them are lists of individual artists, but some of them have a concept.
My latest playlist is of covers. First, I have the original version (or the one that's famous for being the original) followed by my favorite cover of it. My only rule is that I have to like both versions. So, songs where I like the cover but not the original won't make the list.
Here are the winners in the country and country-related categories from the pre-telecast:
Best Country Song: Liz Rose & Taylor Swift, "White Horse"
Best Country Instrumental Performance: Steve Wariner, "Producer's Medley"
Best Country Collaboration with Vocals: Carrie Underwood & Randy Travis, "I Told You So"
Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals: Lady Antebellum, "I Run to You"
Best Female Country Vocal Performance: Taylor Swift, "White Horse"
Best Male Country Vocal Performance: Keith Urban, "Sweet Thing"
Best Contemporary Folk Album: Steve Earle, Townes
Best Bluegrass Album: Steve Martin, The Crow/New Songs for the Five-String Banjo
Best Americana Album: Levon Helm, Electric Dirt
Best Southern/Country/Bluegrass Gospel Album: Jason Crabb, Jason Crabb
Round 2 – FIGHT!
World: meet Underwood. She's fiercely compassionate and endearingly idealistic (the riveting "Change"). She holds her beliefs with a firm but quiet conviction ("Temporary Home"). She's as comfortable and convincing at tearing down a wrong-doer (the Dixie Chicks-esque "Songs Like This") as she is nursing an irreparable heartache, whether it's in the form of a haunting country standard ("Someday When I Stop Loving You") or a rich pop ballad ("What Can I Say?"). And she's one of the most gifted vocalists of this generation, possessing an instrument that, when colored and layered with emotion as she's aptly learned to do on Play On, can have bone-chilling effects.
Like it or leave it, Play On is the most authentic encapsulation of Underwood's artistry and persona to date, and serves as an exciting glimpse at how far a little growth can carry her. The best is yet to come, but in the meantime, the "good" is pretty damn good. – Tara Seetharam
As most people know by now, Sara Watkins is the female member of the now-disbanded (hopefully temporarily) New Grass trio, Nickel Creek. While Nickel Creek was difficult to classify in a certain genre (not bluegrass, not country), they were embraced by bluegrass and country music fans alike. Each member of the popular trio has released intriguing projects outside of Nickel Creek, but Watkins' album has assumed the most decidedly country direction of them all. As a result, we are treated to a sublime album thanks to Watkins' sweet voice and a set of impressively solid songs. – Leeann Ward
It's time for an album sales update, our first since May 23. Brad Paisley is off to a strong start with American Saturday Night, selling 130k in its first week. That's about 70k less than his previous two studio albums – Time Well Wasted and 5th Gear – opened with, but not a terrible drop-off, considering the state of the music market.
Meanwhile, the new studio albums by Rascal Flatts and Keith Urban are slowing down considerably, now being outpaced on a weekly basis by 2008 releases by Taylor Swift, Zac Brown Band, Darius Rucker and Lady Antebellum.
Among younger acts with a new album in 2009, the most impressive sales are coming from Jason Aldean, while 2008 releases from Kellie Pickler, Billy Currington, and Randy Houser are showing new signs of life.
Biggest disappointments? It's hard not to look in the direction of Martina McBride, who has barely cleared the 100k mark on her new studio set. Lee Ann Womack's 2008 set just made it over that mark, too. Then again, one only needs to have sold 455 copies to make the chart this week, with the anchor position going to Wynonna with that total. Her covers album Sing – Chapter 1 has sold 41k to date.
Here are the latest totals for albums released over the past three years that are still charting:
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Текст песни Karmin - Look At Me Now
|Karmin Covers, Vol. 1
Текст:Yellow model chick Yellow bottle sipping Yellow Lamborghini Yellow top missing Yeah yeah That sh-t look like a toupee I get what you get in 10 years, in two days Ladies love me, I'm on my cool J If you get what I get what would you say She wax it all off, Mr Miyagi And them suicide doors, Hari Kari [Hook] Look at me now, look at me now Oh, I'm getting paper Look at me now Oh, look at me now Yeah, fresh than a muthaf-cker Lil n-gga bigger than gorilla Cause I'm killing every n-gga that Try to be on my sh-t Better cuff your chick if you with her I can get her And she accidentally slip fall on my dick Ooops, I said on my dick I aint really mean to say on my d-ck But since we talking about my dick All of you haters say hi to it I'm Done [Busta Rhymes] Ayo Breezy Let me show you how to keep the dice rolling When your doing that thing over there, homie Lets go Cause I feel like I'm running And I'm feeling like I gotta get away, get away, get away Better know that I don't and I won't ever stop cause You know I gotta win everyday day, goooo See they don't really wanna pop me Just know that you will never flop me And I know that I can be a little cocky, nooo You aint never gonna stop me Everytime I come a n-gga gotta set it then I got it going Then I gotta get it, than I gotta blow, than I shut it any little thing That a n-gga think he be doing cause it doesnt matter cause I'm gonna dead it Then I'm gonna murder every thing and anything a badaboom a badabing I gotta do a lot of things, and make it clearer to a couple n-ggas That I'm always winning and I gotta get it again and again and again And I be doing it to death and now I move a little foul A n-gga better call a ref, everybody know my style And n-gga's know that I'm the the best When I come to doing this and I be banging on my chest And I bang in the east and I bang in the west And I come to give you more and I never give you less You will hear it in the street or you can read it in the press Do you really wanna know whats next, lets go See the way we on, we be all up in the race and you know We gotta go, don't try to keep up with the pace We struggling and hustling and sending in and getting in And always gotta take it to another place Gotta taste it and I gotta grab it And I gotta cut all through this traffic Just to be at the top of the throne Better know I gotta have it [Hook] Look at me now, look at me now oh, I'm getting paper look at me now oh, look at me now yeah, fresh than a muthaf-cker [Lil Wayne] Man f-ck these bitch ass n-ggas how yall doin? I'm Lil Tunechi, I'm a nuisance, I go stupid, I go dumb like the 3 stooges I dont eat sushi, I'm the shit, no I'm pollution, no substitution Got a bitch that play in movies in my jacuzzi, p-ssy juicy I never gave a f-ck about a hater, got money on my radar Dress like a skater, got a big house, came with a elevator You n-ggas aint eatin, f-ck it, tell a waiter Marley said shoot em, and I said "ok" If on that bullshit then I'm like "ole", I dont care what you say, so don't even speak Your girlfriend a freak like Cirque Du Soleil That's word to my flag, and my flag red I'm out of my head, bitch I'm outta my mind from the bottom I climb You aint hotter at mine, nope, not on my time and I'm not even trying Whats poppin Slime? nothin five, and if they trippin f-ck em five I aint got no time to shuck and jive, these n-ggas as sweet as pumpkin pie Ciroc and Sprite on a private flight Bitch, I been tight, since guiding light, and my pockets white and my diamonds white And my mommas nice and my daddy's dead You faggots scared cause I'm too wild, been here for a while I was like f-ck trial, I puts it down I'm so young money, if you got eyes look at me now, bitch! [Hook] Look at me now, look at me now oh, I'm getting paper
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Note: Sample below may appear distorted but all corresponding word document files contain proper formattingExcerpt from Essay:
Economic growth can be described as a measure through which the output of an entire economy grows or increases. Since this growth may be national, regional, or global, economic growth does not necessarily refer to growth in sales of any single industry or business. Economic growth is usually determined through various factors such as the Gross Domestic Product or Gross National Product. These measures of determining economic growth are considered on the basis of an economy's income or output. In addition to these, there are other important factors that play a crucial role in economic growth, which is governed by principle. They include the government, competition, and internal and external factors whose role is crucial in economic growth and development.
Principle of Economic Growth:
Business growth and economic cycle are processes that are primarily driven by similar microeconomic variables from a theoretical perspective. Generally, these processes are driven by the relations between economic fluctuations. A business cycle is usually a by-product of fluctuations that an economy experiences within a period of time due to changes in economic growth ("The Business Cycle," n.d.). Consequently, understanding business cycle is essential in macroeconomics since it helps economists to identify and prepare for future economic events.
A business cycle primarily describes changes in the demand-size of the economy, which is usually measured by Gross Domestic Product. As economic growth occurs, business cycles occur since the Gross Domestic Product does not remain the same and changes because of economic and non-economic reasons. The economic reasons include changes in governmental policies like interest rates and taxes whereas non-economic factors include natural and man-made disasters. Some of the most common stages in a business cycle that occur based on changes in economic growth include peak or boom, recession, slump or trough, and expansion or recovery ("The Economy and Business," 2011, p.8).
One of the most important elements in economic growth is economic variables, which are economic measures that can differ over a series of values. Some of the major economic variables include the unemployment rate, the inflation rate, interest rates, and changes in exchange rates. Changes in interest rates can basically be described as the costs of borrowing money. While banks generate interest from returns for lending money, consumers' interest rates are usually reflected in the return on savings. Some of the economic changes that occur due to changes in interest rates include increased demand, reduction in price of exported products, decreased business costs, and increased business profits. Increases in demand occur because of demand for consumer goods and capital goods whereas reduced prices occur in exported products.
The changes in exchange rates are the prices of a country's currency as expressed in relation to another. These changes contribute to economic changes based on their effect on businesses with regards to how a company exports its products, sells these products against imported ones, and use of imported materials for its production processes. As a result, economic changes occur when a country decides to lessen the price of exported goods or increases the price of imported goods. When there are changes in the employment rate, businesses are affected and economic changes occur. For instance, increases in unemployment rate contribute to a reduction in overall demand, which is bad for businesses and the economy. When a country is experiencing inflation, economic changes occur as businesses find goods and services more costly to provide. This is accompanied with increased wages and increases in other costs, which affect the overall economy.
Role of Government in Economic Growth and Development:
Government plays an important role in economic growth and development through policies and establishment of an economic framework. Generally, the government influences various economic factors through controlling the taxation level and government spending. Governmental influence occurs through the public sector, which is made of organizations that are influenced and managed by the government. In contrast, the private sector consists of organizations that are privately owned without the involvement of the government. Therefore, public sector businesses are owned and operated by the government while private sector businesses are privately owned. Some of the economic advantages of public sector businesses include the fact that they encourage industrial growth in under-developed areas and conduct businesses for societal well-being. The disadvantages include their vulnerability to management problems that may affect the entire economy. The significance of the private sector in the economy is that they have no restriction in the number of shareholders and investors whereas their disadvantage is the likelihood of exploitation (Kumari, 2013).
Technical Development Related to Economic Growth in Business:
While technological development has traditionally been considered as rapid advancement of computers, the term refers to the use of scientific knowledge for practical reasons in an industry. The business world has been characterized with numerous technological changes in the past three decades i.e. changes in ability to develop and meet new consumer needs and expectations, changes in business management of operations, and changes in collaboration between businesses. These three trends are the basis with which technical development is linked to economic growth in business.
As technical development has brought generated new opportunities for businesses, it has also contributed to the emergence of intellectual property rights associated technical advancement in business. The emergence of such concern is attributed to the fact that recovering huge costs of investment is a crucial aspect in the manner with which intellectual property rights are handled. In light of technical advancement in business, protecting intellectual rights is very important because businesses compete in domestic and international markets (Beckerman-Rodau, 1991). Generally, the copyright law has largely remained significantly unchanged because of the need to safeguard original ideas, inventions, creative means of expression, and trade secrets. Technical advancement in business has increased interactions between businesses and generated huge concerns about intellectual property rights. The various stakeholders in business have constantly advocated for modification of intellectual property and copyright laws in order to deal with the challenges originating from increased business interactions because of technical advancement.
Role of Competition in Economic Growth:
As interactions and competition increases in the business world, businesses can strengthen their market position through internal or external growth. In addition to using internal and external growth strategies, integration strategies within competition are also utilized to promote business growth. The most commonly used integration strategies are vertical integration and horizontal integration. Vertical integration is where companies in varying phases of similar production chain come together since many firms in the same industry function at different stages. This integration is divided into forward vertical integration where a manufacturer comes together with a retailer to manage marketing and product sale to consumers and backward vertical integration where the retailer takes over the manufacturer to control price and quality of goods. In contrast, horizontal integration is where companies in similar production stage and same market come together.
The other aspect of the role of competition in the economic growth is change management strategies associated with competition and growth. The main change management strategies related to competition and growth include effective communication, complete and active support from top management, employee involvement, organizational planning, and widespread understanding of the need to change. These strategies seem to follow some steps in Kotter's change model for managing organizational change. The strategies have primarily focused on the introduction and management of the change through all stages and departments of the firm. However, they do not incorporate strategies on how the effectiveness of the change will be determined once implemented. Therefore, the strategies are relatively limited to implementing change rather than the entire process of making the change effective. The benefit of this evaluation is that it highlights some of the important things to consider in implementing change. However, the evaluation mainly focuses on examining the drawbacks of the proposed strategies instead of how effective these strategies would…[continue]
"Economic Growth And Development In Business" (2014, April 15) Retrieved December 1, 2016, from http://www.paperdue.com/essay/economic-growth-and-development-in-business-188150
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"Economic Growth And Development In Business", 15 April 2014, Accessed.1 December. 2016, http://www.paperdue.com/essay/economic-growth-and-development-in-business-188150
Domestic Macroeconomic Issue Economic Growth and Development Macroeconomic stability does not single-handedly assure high rates of economic growth. Factors such as unemployment, inflation, national income, and economic growth and development are the most important determinants of economic prosperity at the macro level (Driessen 2001 p. 40). Economic growth and development is one of the macroeconomic issues with considerable impact on the overall GDP of an economy. A country attains economic growth when
Governments will not provide public goods to those they mistrust, as they will not expect to be able to collect taxes at a later date. In Africa, this again can be related to ethnic tensions -- governments and regions from different ethnic groups may have mutual mistrust that predates the colonial era. Conclusions Every nation will develop in its own way. For the most part, however, specific antecedents to development can
Economic growth between U.S. And China The ascend of China from a deprived, moribund state to a most important financial supremacy within an instant period of merely 28 years is frequently depicted by psychoanalysts as one of the most monetary triumph narratives in contemporary era. Taking into account the recent years economic growth China has managed to comfortably join the top bands as one of the leading economies in the world.
(Buchanan, 72) The economic policy tools that were employed just after the war subsequently underwent some changes. From 1947 to 1950 direct controls on wages and distribution were eliminated followed by removal of trade controls in 1958. However, the government continued to maintain its hold over prices and credit distribution which made it different from many of its neighboring states in the postwar period. The French Ministry of Finance exerted
Economics Growth The retailer sector was lately affected by the back-to-school shopping season, which did not start so well, as midprice department stores, discounters and specialty-apparel retailers announced disappointing sales results during August, which reinforced the already much debated concerns that consumers are not comfortable with the current state of the economy and are reluctant to consume, considering the shaky and uneven economic recovery. However, luxury department-store chains managed to post significant
8% in the fourth quarter of 2008.... [a]sharp slowdown in finance and insurance, a further contraction in construction, and a deceleration in durable-goods manufacturing were the leading contributors to the economic slowdown" (Overview of the U.S. Economy: Perspective from the BEA Accounts, 2009, BEA). Still, Europe is experiencing its worst economic downturn since the Second World War. Its more precipitous decline contradicts initial economic expectations that the European Union might
Economic Growth in Hong Kong and Singapore: The main goal of the World Bank is to assist developing countries and their citizens to achieve objectives through partnership with its allies to alleviate poverty. As a result, this financial organization has currently been advising newly industrialized countries on methods for encouraging economic growth. Notably, various methods can be used to encourage economic growth for typical companies in Hong Kong and Singapore. Economic Growth in


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Teaching ChannelSeries Website »
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Teaching Channel invites you to attend visionary K-12 classrooms around the United States. Tap your feet along to a lesson that studies similes with the help of Duke Ellington. Watch an incredible two-woman team tackle algebra with their middle school students, and discover more about the new Common Core State Standards being put in place. Language Meets Music - Music teacher Genein Letford teaches students about similes to the beat of Duke Ellington using story, jazz solos, and improvisations. Filmed at New Academy Canoga Park, CA. Classroom Close-Up - Algebra Team - Math teachers Marlo Warburton and Juliana Jones work together on creating all of their algebra lessons. Each teacher has their own unique teaching style, but with the same lesson plans they create undeniably great lessons. Education Update - the CCSS for English and Literacy - See an introduction to the new Common Core state standards including background on the design process, key features, and major differences.
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Recent Members
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Honored Military Alumni
daniel p smeltzer Class of 1969
Navy, 4 Years Vietnam. Stationed on aircraft carrier.
Dick RheaJr. Class of 1965
Army, 2 Years I was drafted during the Johnson Presidency and during those two years 1966-68, I spent the last year in Viet Nam. I was an Infantry soldier and served with the 198th Lt. Inf. Brgd. part of the Americal Division. Our Unit received 4 Bronze Stars and recognition for being battle hardened by fighting in four significant battles. What a soldier gives up at age twenty you never get back. You life is perminately altered and your youth is gone.
Franz Filicky Class of 1972
Air Force, 20+ Years Enlisted and went to basic training Dec 72.
Gerald Mundy Class of 1981
Army, 13 Years Just Cause Panama
James H Spoerer Class of 1968
Army, 3 Years 5th Special Forces Group Airborne Vietnam 1969-1970 Sgt E-5
Katheryn Wright Class of 1998
Marine Corps, 4 Years Served in the Marine Corps in Twentynine Palms, CA
Kathy Haile Class of 1965
Army, 3 Years I was assigned to the 31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade as a Social Science Specialist 1975-1978. After AD I was in the Army Reserves as an Administrative NCO for 10 years before hanging up the uniform for good in 1988.
Kevin Watson Class of 1990
Air Force, 19 Years E-7 Master Sergeant
Kimberly Capetillo Class of 2001
Navy, 4 Years Medically tetired as an Interior Communications Second Class Petty Officer. Specialized as a S.I.T.E. tech, nationally certified fiberoptic installer by the E.T.A and nationally certified electrical connector installer. Served onboard the first of its class, the USS San Antonio LPD 17 from 2009-20011 and served a year of shore duty in Norfolk, Virginia.
Kurtis A Taggart Class of 1984
Navy, 4 Years Attended Navy Boot Camp in San Diegio, CA. Trained as a Cryptological Analyst in Pensacola, FL. and Winter Harbor, ME. Served the majority of my military career as a Cryptological Intelligence Analyst on the Island of Adak, AK in the Bering Sea.
Larry Keough Class of 1969
Air Force, 3 Years Served during Vietnam area. 1969-1972 Stationed in England in fire protection.
nick reott Class of 1999
Navy, 5 Years navy corpsman
Raymond Christ Class of 1965
Army, 3 Years Served from June, 1967 - June 1970. Primary MOS 91A10 Combat medic...Overseas duty- Korea: 8th Army 65th Medical Seoul Military Hospital (Yongsan) Dec 1967 thru Feb 1969 Medic in an OB-GYN ward; Feb 1969-June 1970 Ft Dix, NJ Walson Army Hospital finished w/ MOS 91D0020 Respiratory Therapist. Spec 5 @ discharge..
Robert miller Class of 1984
Coast Guard, 20+ Years U.S. Army (3 Years) U.S. Coast Guard (24+ Years) Have been faithfully and honorably serving my country since September 1984. Still serving proudly!
Ronald Bell Class of 1987
Army, 9 Years US Army Master Gunner for Bradley Fighting Vehicle. Operation Desert Storm / Shield. SSG / E-6. Stationed in Schwienfurt Germany and Ft. Benning, Ga. Combat Infantry Badge, Expert Infantry Badge, Meritorious Service Medal, Army Commendation medal, Army Achievement Medal, Good Concuct Medal and other fun stuff!
STAFF SERGEANT JEFF ERIKSSON Class of 1998
Air Force, 8 Years AVIONICS ELECTRONICS
STAFF SERGEANT JEFFERY ERIKSSON Class of 1998
Air Force, 8 Years JOINED AIR FORCE IN JAN. OF 2001. I'VE SPENT 6YRS AT TYNDALL AFB AND 1 YR IN SOUTH KOREA. I'M NOW STATIONED AT LANGLEY AFB VA
William Cain Class of 1981
Army, 13 Years Entered in 1989 and served both active and reserve until 2002. Was medic, infantry, ICU nurse, and several other positions during his tour.
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Vivian Davis
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Hempfield Alumni brings Chinese Music Group To Seton Hill
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Join SriMa School of Transformational Yoga's yoga teacher training course which is designed to equip you with the knowledge, confidence, and inspiration you need to become an outstanding yoga teacher and a balanced serene individual who is ready to lead others in their yoga practice. The intermediate 500 level Yoga Teacher Training is a one month intensive course. Available all year round to those who have already completed 200 Hour or equivalent Yoga Teacher Training or relevant Yoga experience. This course will enable you to be a Master Level Teacher, with the tools, knowledge, wisdom and certification to Train 200 Hour Level Yoga Teachers.
This Transformational yoga teacher training course (TTC) will take place at Tenderness Guesthouse in Auroville near Pondicherry, a perfect location in close proximity to both the Matrimandir and the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, which the mother had once called a veritable laboratory to work out the future society. Private and shared room accommodation options are available for this retreat. The rooms have a shared bathroom and a common kitchen. Free Wi-Fi is also available.
This masters level 500-hour Transformational yoga teacher training course is a four week intensive course.
Transformational yoga is an integral approach to physical health, emotional balance, and mental and spiritual clarity founded and created by Swami Vidyanand, a renowned yoga master. Transformational yoga gives you the tools you need in order to make a difference in your everyday life. In depth focus of asanas, the chakras, mantras, and breathing and meditation techniques gives you the knowledge you need to purify your body, stabilize your emotions, focus your mind, and increase your spiritual well-being. Swami Vidyanand founded SriMa International School of Transformational Yoga to share his teaching and learning.
During the Transformational yoga teacher training course the following techniques are applied in order to accomplish personal transformation for yourself and your future students:
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Mantra: The science of vibration will be explored during the teacher training. Mantra chanting generates vibrations which are fundamental tools for altering the psyche, and producing a tranquil and balanced mind. In yogic practices, the growth of our awareness progresses with the help of these vibrations. By cleansing our minds with mantras, decision making becomes clearer, observation power is awakened; purification leads to improved concentration and a calm focused mind. Mantras will be translated and clearly explained.
Meditation: Meditation, Yoga Nidra, and other relaxation techniques are included in the Transformational yoga teacher training course in order to give us an experience of our pure natures, in which our egos dissolve and we find inner silence. We will introduce dynamic Osho meditations, Raja, Zen and Karma yoga meditation, as well as silent walking meditation.
Upon completion of our course you will receive 500-hour Yoga Alliance International certificate that qualifies you to teach confidently anywhere in the world. For deepening your personal practice and understanding 100-hour courses are also an option.
Swami Vidyanand is a renowned yoga master and the founder of Transformational yoga, an innovative yogic system that synthesizes techniques of hatha, white tantra, raja, mantra, Ashtanga and Kundalini yoga to bring about rapid transformation. His signature system is inspired by the integral yoga of Sri Aurobindo and the mother, and was developed when he taught yoga for more than a decade at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Delhi branch.
Today Swami Vidyanand operates as an urban master, using the yogic system he has developed to help individuals in big cities rid and heal themselves of stress. In Hong Kong, Swami Vidyanand has led Transformational yoga courses at the Centre of Behavioral Health of the University of Hong Kong. He founded SriMa International School of Transformational Yoga in New Delhi, India, of which he is now spiritual head. Swami Vidyanand is also the founder of Yoga Alliance International, Yoga Alliance India, Yoga Alliance Europe and the grand master courses of Hatha yoga, Kundalini yoga, meditation, Transformational yoga and yoga therapy.
Swami Vidyanand mastered yoga in the traditional Indian yogic way, through apprenticeships under enlightened yoga masters in India and anonymous ascetics in the Himalayas. Hailing from a long line of renowned bhakti yogis, he was born into the deeply spiritual environment of Datiya, an area in Madhya Pradesh, India, recognized as being one of the 17 sacred centers of tantra in India. His first guru was his father, Sri Harihar Goswami, a highly respected devotional yogi and founder of the Yoga Mandir of Datiya.
Swami Vidyanands techniques are well recognized in India, evident from the respect he has received from cultural bodies, such as the prestigious Bharat Nirman, an organization that recognizes individual efforts to promote ancient Indian wisdom, systems and practices; from which he has received their highest award, The Bhaskar Award.
Pondicherry, a hidden gem of South East India and a former French colony on the Sea of Bengal, retains all of its charm and gentility of colonial times. Visit the birthplace of yoga and youll understand why its traditions have endured for millennium and they continue to have relevance and value in our modern world.
Breakfast, Lunch and Dinners are included with fresh, wholesome Vegetarian meals
"The yoga course was a great experience and I am very happy to have been in Auroville. I now have many tools and a great understanding of how to really practice transformational yoga. It's is a full program of how to integrate many types of yoga into the one practice. My time there has changed me and I now feel very excited about how my life will unfold. Thanks so much Swami G and Camille and all the students who are now teachers."
BookYogaRetreats.com, edited
"I am thrilled to been a part of the course and I feel I have gained a much deeper insight into the understanding of our entire based on all four bodies.The mantras and the pranayama have helped release deep blockages and have been very cleansing and purifying.I look forward to experiences of my future practice and sharing this system with others "
SriMa International School of Transformational Yoga website, edited
"Once lost and unable to find a purpose to my own existence, I now feel so clear and confident. Transformational Yoga and the teachings of Swami Vidyanand truly opened my horizon to a level I would never have expected. I am grateful to the Divine who made my path cross Swamiji's, he is such a knowledgeable, wise and truthful being, sharing his life experience of Yoga with such simplicity and Love. Whether you want to become a "better version of yourself", more serene and confident and/or a great knowledgeable teacher and make a living out of yoga, SRIMA, through Transformational Yoga, gives you the opportunity to realize yourself as YOUR TRUE SELF and that makes all the difference with any experience of Yoga I have had in the past!"
SriMa International School of Transformational Yoga website, edited
"The lessons were good, clear, structured and easy to understand. It was a good mixture of practical and theoretical wisdom."
SriMa International School of Transformational Yoga website, edited
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SriMa International School of Transformational Yoga website, edited
"Through Mothers grace and blessings Swami Vidyanand's Transformational Yoga technique has taken my once intoxicated and destructive self and put me in touch with peace, bliss, harmony etc, this is the first i had felt with this beautiful system it has introduced a new divine feeling to follow in my life, a very happy adventure. Thank you Swami ji!"
SriMa International School of Transformational Yoga website, edited
"Srima Yoga, has enriched my life beyond imagination. I used to be filled with anxiety and get irritated easily. That has changed and its a new ME who handles life with calmness and serenity, of course it has done wonders for me physically. But, its the overall impact on my life that has come about thanks to Srima Yoga that needs to be felt and is beyond description."
SriMa International School of Transformational Yoga website, edited


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Step into the Charleston Museum this year for a blast from fashions passed, an originial exhibit showcasing fashion and fine garments from the 1770s to the 1970s. Travel back in time as you enjoy this glamourous display of real haute couture pieces. View elegant women's clothing worn by notable Charlestonian famillies, such as the Manigaults and the Middletons, in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Enjoy creative men's styles worn by Charleston's Thomas Pinckney, Giovanni Sottile, Louis Manigault, and Congressman Mendel Rivers. And view beautiful designs from Mariano Fortuny and Charles Frederick Worth worn in the early 1900s by fashionistas. Don't miss the chance to see how Charleston's finest dressed in decades past in this fun and exciting special fashion exhibit. The Historic Textiles Gallery at the Charleston Museum, 360 Meeting St. Monday-Saturday, 9am-5pm, Sunday 1-5pm. $10 (843)722-2996, http://www.charlestonmuseum.org/exhibits-charleston-couture
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United States District Court, Seventh Circuit
June 19, 2013
ROBERT VALLAR, Petitioner,v.UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Respondent.
JOHN W. DARRAH, District Judge.
Petitioner Robert Vallar, proceeding pro se, filed a motion for relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255.[1] Vallar was granted an extension of time to file his reply brief, and the matter has been fully briefed. For the reasons provided below, Vallar's Motion is denied as moot, and the case is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.
On September 20, 2005, a federal grand jury returned a fifty-one-count indictment against seventeen individuals, including the Petitioner, Robert Vallar. United States v. Vallar, 635 F.3d 271, 277 (7th Cir. 2011). The indictment charged him with various offenses related to a drug conspiracy. Id. Vallar was arrested at his home on May 26, 2005. Id. Thereafter, he waived his Miranda rights and confessed to participating in the drug conspiracy. Id.
On April 13, 2007, a jury found Vallar, and his two co-defendants, Eladio Pedroza, Sr. and Amador Hernandez, guilty on multiple counts. Id. On September 12, 2007, the district court sentenced Vallar to 151 months of imprisonment. Id.
Vallar filed a 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion, on January 24, 2012 (the "Initial Motion.") In that motion, Vallar claimed his counsel was ineffective for four reasons regarding pretrial, trial and post-trial procedures, discussed below. Vallar then filed an Amended Motion on October 9, 2012. As a result, Vallar's Initial Motion became moot.
In his Amended Motion, Vallar claimed, for the first time, that he "was not properly advised of the benefits of pleading guilty by his trial attorney" because he "was not advised that he would be eligible for a 2-3 point reduction in his sentencing level" if he accepted the plea, and thus he proceeded to trial. (Pet.'s Amended Mot. at 13.) This newly raised claim is the only basis in Vallar's Amended Motion.
The Government asserts that Vallar's Amended Motion should be denied for two reasons: (1) that Vallar's claim is untimely filed; and (2) that Vallar's claim fails because he is unable to demonstrate that his attorney failed to advise him of the merits of a plea agreement, and he cannot demonstrate any prejudicial effect.[2]
Vallar seeks relief from his sentence under Section 2255, arguing he was denied the constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel under the Sixth Amendment. Section 2255 provides:
A prisoner in custody under sentence of a court established by Act of Congress claiming the right to be released upon the ground that the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States, or that the court was without jurisdiction to impose such sentence, or that the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law, or is otherwise subject to collateral attack, may move the court which imposed the sentence to vacate, set aside or correct the sentence.
28 U.S.C. § 2255. The relief described here is available only if there was "an error of law that is jurisdictional, constitutional, or constitutes a fundamental defect which inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice.'" Bischel v. United States, 32 F.3d 259, 263 (7th Cir. 1994) (quoting Borre v. United States, 940 F.2d 215, 217 (7th Cir. 1992)). The district court must review the record and draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the government. See Carnine v. United States, 974 F.2d 924, 928 (7th Cir. 1992). However, as Petitioner filed his petitions pro se, his petition is entitled to a liberal reading. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972).
Claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are reviewed under the two-prong test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). Under this test, a petitioner must show both: (1) that counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness under the circumstances and (2) that the deficient performance prejudiced the defendant. Id. at 688-94. To establish prejudice, the petitioner must prove there is a reasonable probability the proceeding would have had a different result but for the errors of counsel. Id. With plea negotiations, "a defendant must show the outcome of the plea process would have been different with competent advice." Lafler v. Cooper, 132 S.Ct. 1376, 1384 (2012).
If a petitioner fails to make a proper showing under one of the Strickland prongs, the Court need not consider the other. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697 ("In particular, a court need not determine whether counsel's performance was deficient before examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant."). A district court's "review of the attorney's performance is highly deferential' and reflects a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action might be considered sound trial strategy.'" Koons v. United States, 639 F.3d 348, 351 (7th Cir. 2011) (citation omitted); Cooper v. United States, 378 F.3d 638, 641 (7th Cir. 2004) ("Defense counsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and to have made significant decisions in the exercise of his or her reasonable professional judgment.").
As mentioned above, Vallar asserts that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel when his counsel failed to advise him properly regarding the benefits of a guilty plea. Vallar is entitled to the effective assistance of competent counsel during plea negotiations. See McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759 (1970); Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52 (1985). However, it must first be determined whether Vallar timely filed his Amended Motion.
Section 2255 - Statute of Limitations
Pursuant to Section 2255, a one-year "period of limitation shall apply to a motion under this section." 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (f). The one-year limitation period runs from the latest of:
(1) the date on which the judgment of conviction becomes final;
(2) the date on which the impediment to making a motion created by governmental action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States is removed, if the movant was prevented from making a motion by such governmental action;
(3) the date on which the right asserted was initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if that right has been newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review; or
(4) the date on which the facts supporting the claim or claims presented could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence.
28 U.S.C.A. § 2255 (f). The last activity in Vallar's underlying case was the Seventh Circuit's mandate following his direct appeal of his conviction and sentence (which was affirmed), issued on March 8, 2011. Vallar, 635 F.3d 271. Vallar had ninety days to file a petition for writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court. U.S. Sup.Ct. R. 13. No petition for review was filed. The clock begins to run on the one-year limitations period when the time expires for filing a petition for certiorari. Clay v. United States, 537 U.S. 522, 525 (2003). As such, the one-year statute of limitations period began to run on June 7, 2011, and ended on June 7, 2012.
Vallar's Initial Motion was filed on January 24, 2012, within the statutory time frame. The Amended Motion, filed on October 9, 2012, falls outside the statute of limitations period. Therefore, to determine if the Amended Motion was timely filed, Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(c) must be considered as to whether the relation-back doctrine applies. Rule 15(c)(1)(B) provides that pleading amendments relate back to the date of the original pleading when the claim asserted in the amended pleading "arose out of the conduct, transaction, or occurrence set out - or attempted to be set out - in the original pleading." In the context of habeas petitions, a firm one-year timeline was created in order to "advance the finality of criminal convictions." Mayle v. Felix, 545 U.S. 644, 663 (2005); s ee Rhines v. Weber, 544 U.S. 269, 276 (2005). The "relation back depends on the existence of a common core of operative facts' uniting the original and newly asserted claims." Mayle, 545 at 659. The relation-back doctrine is not broadly applied to allow any claims related to the trial, conviction, or sentence to relate back to the initial pleading. "If claims asserted after the one-year period could be revived simply because they relate to the same trial, conviction, or sentence as a timely filed claim, [the] limitation period would have slim significance." Id. at 662.
While the Seventh Circuit has not addressed how the Rule 15 "relation back" standard applies to an amended habeas asserting a new claim of ineffective assistance, other courts have held that one ineffective assistance claim does not automatically relate back to another. See, e.g., United States v. Gonzalez, 592 F.3d 675, 680 (5th Cir. 2009) ("New claims of ineffective assistance of counsel do not automatically relate back to prior ineffective assistance claims."); United States v. Hernandez, 436 F.3d 851, 858 (8th Cir. 2006) (finding that claims relating to trial testimony and cross-examination did not relate back to claim about admission of evidence); United States v. Ciampi, 419 F.3d 20, 24 (1st Cir. 2005) ("a petitioner does not satisfy the Rule 15 relation back' standard merely by raising some type of ineffective assistance in the original petition, and then amending the petition to assert another ineffective assistance claim based upon an entirely distinct type of attorney misfeasance."); see also U.S. ex rel. Delaola v. Pillow, No. 10 CV 665, 2011 WL 2200088, at *20 (N.D. Ill. June 3, 2011) (petitioner's new claim of ineffective assistance was not sufficiently related to original claim of ineffective assistance).
In this case, Vallar's newly raised claim in his Amended Motion that his counsel allegedly provided ineffective assistance of counsel because he failed to advise Vallar about the benefits of a plea deal does not share a "common core of operative facts" with the four specific claims of ineffective assistance of counsel pled in his Initial Motion: (1) failing to file a severance motion, (2) failing to file a speedy trial motion, (3) failing to challenge an agent's testimony at trial, and (4) failing to challenge the drug quantity attributable to the defendant at sentencing. Not one of those claims regarding trial and sentencing issues relates to Vallar's present claim that his counsel was ineffective because he failed to advise Vallar of the advantages of a pretrial guilty plea. Because Vallar's newly raised claim does not relate back to, and is distinct from, his previous claims of ineffective assistance in his Initial Motion, Vallar's Amended Motion is time-barred.
Vallar also asserts that the recent United States Supreme Court rulings in Missouri v. Frye, 132 S.Ct. 1399 (2012) and Lafler, 132 S.Ct. 1376, operate to extend the statute of limitations period. However, to do so, the cases must establish a new rule of constitutional law. See 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h)(2). Both cases involved a failure to communicate a plea offer for a lower sentence than the defendant actually received. But, the Seventh Circuit has held that neither Frye nor Lafler announced a new rule of law. Hare v. United States, 688 F.3d 878, 878-79 (7th Cir. 2012). "The Frye Court merely applied the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel according to the test first articulated in Strickland, and established in the plea-bargaining context in Hill. " Id. (citations omitted).
Because a new rule was not established in neither Frye nor Lafler, Vallar's Amended Motion, filed in October 2012, roughly four months after the statute of limitations ran, was untimely. As such, Vallar's petition for relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 is denied.
Certificate of Appealability
"When the district court denies a habeas petition on procedural grounds without reaching the prisoner's underlying constitutional claim, " a certificate of appealability should issue only when the prisoner shows both "that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling." Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). In this case, a plain procedural bar is present, and a reasonable jurist would not find it debatable whether Vallar's Amended Motion should be dismissed as untimely. For this reason, a certificate of appealability is denied.
For the foregoing reasons, Vallar's Amended Motion for relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 [9] is denied.
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Simple Blueberry Muffins
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 25 mins
These are a simple and vegan recipe for blueberry muffins.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 cup whole wheat flour
- 1⁄2 cup all-purpose flour
- 1⁄2 cup sugar
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 2 teaspoons baking powder
- 3⁄4 cup soymilk
- 1⁄4 cup applesauce
- 1 cup frozen blueberries, thawed (fresh work too)
- Preheat oven to 400°F.
- Place baking cups in a muffin pan.
- Combine flour, sugar, salt, and baking powder together in a mixing bowl.
- Add soy milk and apple sauce; mix.
- Fold in blueberries.
- Pour into baking cups and bake for 25-30 minutes.
Most Helpful
Yum!!! These are great! I used oatmilk and cherry-flavored applesauce and I did not thaw the blueberries before mixing them in. They have such a great flavor and texture! They are not fluffy or spongy, but moist and hearty and they are so satisfying and simple to make. Thank you, I will be making these again!