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County Ems
7622 Highway 36 Danville, Alabama 35619(256) 773-1223
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AboutCounty Ems is located at the address 7622 Highway 36 in Danville, Alabama 35619. They can be contacted via phone at (256) 773-1223 for pricing, hours and directions.
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Most Popular Health and Fitness Posts of 2016
Health and fitness are pretty important topics. And you seem to think so, too. From learning how to craft your own bodyweight workout, to how little sleep you can get away with, to what it takes to fake a fitness 'before and after' photo, these are our most popular health and fitness posts of 2016.


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UnitedHealth Group Walkin Drive For Freshers On 26th July 2016
UnitedHealth Group Conducting Walkin Dive for freshers in Gurgaon,Noida Locations. UnitedHealth Group Hiring for Associate/Senior Associate (NonTechnical) Candidates on Willing and hard working candidates should be going to Walkin Interviews on schedule date and venue
UnitedHealth Group Walkins Drive For Freshers
Designation : Associate/Senior Associate (NonTechnical)
Qualification : Any Graduates
Also Read : More Graduates Jobs
Experience : 0 - 3 Years
Location : Gurgaon,Noida
Also Read :
Salary : INR 80,000 - 2,50,000 P.A. Non Voice Profile
Job Description :
We are currently looking for dedicated professionals to fulfill the following job responsibilities:
* Responsible for the accurate processing and completion of medical claims.
* Process claims that route out of automatic adjudication, within current turnaround standards.
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1) Freshers and experienced (any work experience) candidates are eligible
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4) Hiring for NOIDA location
5) Fresher's are also welcome-Under Graduates/results awaited are not eligible
6) Healthcare experience (PREFERRED)
Recruitment Process :
Also Read :
Company Profile :
UnitedHealth Group Inc. is an American diversified managed health care company based in Minnetonka, Minnesota. It is 6th on the Fortune 500. UnitedHealth Group offers a spectrum of products and services through two operating businesses, UnitedHealthcare and Optum, both subsidiaries of UnitedHealth Group. Optum is a new business brand of UnitedHealth Group and operating business through Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services. UnitedHealth Group serves approximately 70 million individuals throughout the United States. In 2015, the company reported an operating income of $11 billion.
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Apply Mode : Walk in
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Walk In Date : 26th July 2016
Walk In Time : 11:00 AM
Walk In Venue :
Roshni Bhasin
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Also Read : UnitedHealth Group Upcoming Walk in Drives
UnitedHealth Group Walkin Drive For Freshers On 26th July 2016 Reviewed by Ramesh Reddy on 02:03:00 Rating:


text: When it comes to putters there are a few who stand above the rest. While the Scotty Cameron may be the most sought after, there are other companies that deserve a look, especially if you want something that is uniquely yours. One of those is Nead Custom Putters. The Charlotte-based company is owned by Gene Nead, crew chief of the No. 98 Phil Parsons Racing team from the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, who began building putters as a hobby during his "quiet time" away from the track. "Building putters is something I have enjoyed doing since I was young It was sort of like the game of golf. My quiet time between complete chaos," he said. "I really never thought of it as business until the last few years... it was just my quiet time." MORE: Brilliant putting impressions | Unusual golf trophies | Golf balls that light up at night Nead's "quiet time" activity has turned into a full-fledged artistic endeavor. Nead builds a lot of custom, one-of-a-kind items, but also produced some mass-produced products, such as their best-selling BiTi mallet. "[Our] most popular model over the years has been our BiTi Mallet. It was an original design a few years ago that has a carbon or stainless head with a titanium rear flange," Nead said. "Every time I make a run of them they aren't around for long." Some may think the putters are a tad pricey, but when you consider each one is meticulously hand-crafted in North Carolina, and realize they perform as well as they look, it's a small price to pay. These putters aren't just for show. According to Bunkers Paradise these bad boys perform, too. I don't think we target any one group, I feel like we just build a great product," Nead said. "Some of our exotic materials used in our putters will be more for the golf collector-type people... but we also try to keep putters rolling out that are affordable with more of a personalized touch than can be found at your local golf store or national chain." To get your hands on your own Nead putter, visit NeadCustomPutters.com or WantsAndNeads.com for pre-built putters and Nead accessories.


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"Banana Cafe/Piano Bar - Barracks Row/Capitol Hill" Top 5 Page for this destination Washington D.C. Restaurant Tip by Ewingjr98
Washington D.C. Restaurants: 647 reviews and 834 photos
We sort of stumbled into the Banana Cafe one night when a small group of us were meeting near Eastern Market Metro for drinks. I had at least heard of the place, so I strongly supported the decision to sit here for a little while. My friends beat me to the restaurant, so I met them at the bar where they had already reserved a table and were nursing a few beers. As soon as I arrived, they let us know our table was ready and we headed outside to sit on this warm November evening. Then the service went downhill.
Over the next hour, we struggled to get drinks let alone place our orders. We finally had a few beers, the fried calamari appetizer, and I had the Ropa Vieja, a shredded beef dish served with fried plantains and rice for about $15. My meal was very tasty, particularly the sweet plantains. I also got to try my friend's Cuban sliders called fritas that same in a group of three and had patties with a a mixture of ground beef, onions, bread crumbs, ketchup, mayo, paprika and other spices and served on mini buns with fries ($11). Interesting and flavorful. Unfortunately, we had to wait almost another hour just to get our bill, even though at this time the restaurant was not even half full.
This restaurant has the odd combination of Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican dishes as well as a lively piano bar upstairs. I have read that Banana Cafe's Piano Bar, along with Remington's, Phase 1, and Mr. Henry's are known as the favorite hangouts for the local gay and lesbian crowd.
Nutshell: the food was good but the service sucked pretty bad.
Address: 500 8th St SE, Washington 20003
Price Comparison: more expensive than average
Directions: 8th St SE at E St SE
Phone: 202-543-5906
Price: US$21-30
Rating: 3
Theme: Eclectic/International
Website: http://www.bananacafedc.com/home.htm
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text:
Dear Bunmi,
I am in my 50s and have been married for over 25 years. I recently met one of my only son's girlfriends and my life has never been the same again. Her body is simply wonderful; well-stacked boobs and glowing skin and she wears all the revealing clothes that are the rage these days. For months I fantasised about having sex with her.
Then she started making teasing remarks to me and flirting with me behind my son's back. To cut a long story short, we are now lovers and I give her most of the financial support she needs.
My son is now talking about their getting engaged and the thought that she could be around permanently is killing me.
It is one thing to be bedding a casual girlfriend, but not a daughter-in-law! She said she loves my son and is quite keen on marrying him. What can I do to stop this marriage?
Yakubu, by e-mail.
Dear Yakubu,
You can do absolutely nothing if your son decides to marry his girlfriend.
You have already made a fool of yourself by not only lusting after her, but taking her to bed. You might be going through a mid-life crisis, but what a way to massage your ego!
Wedding bells haven't started ringing yet.
If and when they eventually do, I would cut my losses if I were you and pray that my indiscretion never comes up.
My son's girlfriend seduced me, father cries on Vanguard News.


text:
The UN Security Council is to meet shortly to discuss the killing of at least 90 people, including 34 children, in Syria, diplomats say.
The massacre has been widely condemned by world leaders.
The UK wants Russia, Syria's only major foreign ally, to put pressure on President Bashar al-Assad to halt civilian deaths.
The Syrian government has denied any involvement in the killings in the town of Houla, blaming "terrorists".
The meeting was called after Russia rejected a joint UK-French statement condemning the killings, diplomats say, and is due to start at 1830GMT.
Russia is said to want a briefing from the head of the observer mission in Syria, Maj Gen Robert Mood.
'Vile testament'
According to Reuters, a Russian deputy foreign minister said the "tragic" events in Syria deserved condemnation and that he would press for a UN assessment about what happened.
Earlier, Gen Mood told the BBC that "the circumstances leading to the killing are still unclear" but are being investigated by UN monitors in Houla.
He also said that more than 34 children had now been confirmed as having died in Houla - up from the previous figure of 32.
Syria's foreign ministry spokesman Jihad Makdissi said there was a clash in the area on Friday afternoon between security forces and armed terrorists.
He said hundreds of armed men then gathered, armed with heavy weapons including mortars and anti-tank weapons, and attacked Houla.
Activists, however, say the Syrian military bombarded Houla after demonstrations. They say that some of the victims were killed during the shelling, while others were summarily executed at close range by the regime militia known as the "shabiha".
The White House said it was horrified by the credible reports of the massacre.
"These acts serve as a vile testament to an illegitimate regime that responds to peaceful political protest with unspeakable and inhuman brutality," a White House spokesman said.


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decided: July 3, 1980.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIAv.WILLIAM STARKS, APPELLANT
No. 370 January Term, 1978, Appeal from the Order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia, Criminal Trial Division, November Term, 1973, Nos. 1407 and 1408, dated August 28, 1978, denying appellant's motion to dismiss on the grounds of double jeopardy.
Louis Lipschitz, Philadelphia, for appellant.
Robert B. Lawler, Chief, Appeals Division, Andrew B. Cohn, Philadelphia, for appellee.
Eagen, C. J., and O'Brien, Roberts, Nix, Larsen, Flaherty and Kauffman, JJ. Larsen, J., concurs in the result. Nix, J., filed a dissenting opinion.
[ 490 Pa. Page 338]
On October 8, 1974, appellant William Starks was convicted by a jury of murder of the first degree and unlawfully carrying a firearm. He was sentenced to concurrent prison
[ 490 Pa. Page 339]
terms of life for the murder conviction and two and one-half to five years for the firearms conviction. On appeal, appellant claimed that his motion for mistrial on the ground of prosecutorial misconduct was improperly denied. This Court agreed with appellant and accordingly granted him a new trial. Commonwealth v. Starks, 479 Pa. 51, 387 A.2d 829 (1978).
Appellant now contends by pre-trial motion that retrial would impermissibly place him twice in jeopardy. Appellant correctly states that prosecutorial misconduct which rises to the level of "overreaching" will bar retrial. See Lee v. United States, 432 U.S. 23, 97 S.Ct. 2141, 52 L.Ed.2d 80 (1977). Appellant claims here that the prosecutorial misconduct at his first trial, which resulted in this Court vacating judgments of sentence, constitutes prosecutorial overreaching. The court of common pleas disagreed and denied appellant's motion. We affirm.*fn1
The United States Constitution, amendment V declares that no person shall "be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb . . . ." Pennsylvania likewise extends such protection to the accused. See Pa.Const., art. I, § 10; Commonwealth v. Campana, 455 Pa. 622, 314 A.2d 854 (1974). This proscription against double jeopardy means that no one should be harassed by successive prosecutions for a single wrongful act and that no one should be punished more than once for the same offense. See United States v. Wilson, 420 U.S. 332, 342-43, 95 S.Ct. 1013, 1021, 43 L.Ed.2d 232 (1975); Note, Statutory Implementation of Double Jeopardy Clauses: New Life for a Moribund Constitutional Guarantee, 65 Yale L.J. 339, 339-40 (1956). There can be no doubt that this constitutional protection is fundamental to our system of criminal justice, for, as the United States Supreme Court explained:
[ 490 Pa. Page 340]
"The underlying idea, one that is deeply ingrained in at least the Anglo-American system of jurisprudence, is that the State with all its resources and power should not be allowed to make repeated attempts to convict an individual for an alleged offense, thereby subjecting him to embarrassment, expense and ordeal and compelling him to live in a continuing state of anxiety and insecurity, as well as enhancing the possibility that even though innocent he may be found guilty."
Green v. United States, 355 U.S. 184, 187, 78 S.Ct. 221, 223, 2 L.Ed.2d 199 (1957); see Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 795-96, 89 S.Ct. 2056, 2063, 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969) (constitutional guarantee against double jeopardy applies to states because of its "fundamental nature"); Commonwealth v. Mills, 447 Pa. 163, 286 A.2d 638 (1971). As Mr. Chief Justice Burger wrote, a criminal proceeding "imposes heavy pressures and burdens -- psychological, physical, and financial -- on a person charged. The purpose of the Double Jeopardy Clause is to require that he be subject to the experience only once 'for the same offence.'" Breed v. Jones, 421 U.S. 519, 530, 95 S.Ct. 1779, 1786, 44 L.Ed.2d 346 (1975).
Generally the double jeopardy clause does not bar retrial of a defendant who obtains a new trial upon his request for a mistrial. See Lee v. United States, supra at 32, 97 S.Ct. at 2147. As the Supreme Court explained in United States v. Jorn, 400 U.S. 470, 485, 91 S.Ct. 547, 557, 27 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971) (plurality opinion) (Harlan, J.):
"[W]here circumstances develop not attributable to prosecutorial or judicial overreaching, a motion by the defendant for mistrial is ordinarily assumed to remove any barrier to reprosecution, even if the defendant's motion is necessitated by prosecutorial or judicial error."
This restriction on the double jeopardy clause, however, is not without its own limitations. The Supreme Court has held that double jeopardy will bar retrial if the defendant sought the mistrial as a result of prosecutorial misconduct amounting to overreaching. See Lee v. United States, supra at 32, 97 S.Ct. at 2147; United States v. Dinitz, 424 U.S. 600, 611,
[ 490 Pa. Page 34196]
S.Ct. 1075, 1081, 47 L.Ed.2d 267 (1976). So too, where, on prosecutorial misconduct grounds, a defendant unsuccessfully moves for a mistrial but then obtains appellate relief, the double jeopardy clause will not bar retrial unless the misconduct amounts to overreaching. Our inquiry here, therefore, is, as the Commonwealth agrees, whether the prosecutorial misconduct at appellant's first trial, which we held to be reversible error, see Commonwealth v. Starks, supra, constitutes prosecutorial overreaching.
The United States Supreme Court has enunciated principally two types of prosecutorial overreaching. First there is the prosecutorial misconduct which is designed to provoke a mistrial in order to secure a second, perhaps more favorable, opportunity to convict the defendant. See United States v. Dinitz, supra at 611, 96 S.Ct. at 1081. Second there is the prosecutorial misconduct undertaken in bad faith to prejudice or harass the defendant. See Lee v. United States, supra at 32, 97 S.Ct. at 2147; United States v. Dinitz, supra at 611, 96 S.Ct. at 1081-82. In contrast to prosecutorial error, overreaching is not an inevitable part of the trial process and cannot be condoned. It signals the breakdown of the integrity of the judicial proceeding, and represents the type of prosecutorial tactic which the double jeopardy clause was designed to protect against.
This Court has expressly announced that in "advocating the cause for this Commonwealth, prosecutors are to seek justice, not only convictions." Commonwealth v. Cherry, 474 Pa. 295, 301, 378 A.2d 800, 803 (1977) (citations omitted). Indeed, a prosecutor
"is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy, but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartially is as compelling as its obligation to govern at all; and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done. As such, he is in a particular and very definite sense the servant of the law . . . ."
[ 490 Pa. Page 342]
Although these instances of misconduct cannot be and were not condoned, and clearly required reversal of appellant's convictions, they do not constitute overreaching. The prosecutor's emphasis of drug involvement was in part a response to the intemperate closing argument of defense counsel, see ABA Standards Relating to The Prosecution Function and The Defense Function § 7.8 (Approved Draft, 1971) (Defense Argument to Jury), and in part an attempt to explain appellant's choice of vocabulary in his confession. Moreover, appellant's confession suggested that a drug transaction supplied the motive for the murder, and to this extent the issue of drug use was properly before the jury. In light of these circumstances, it must be concluded that the prosecutor's emphasis on drug use had some basis in trial strategy, and cannot be considered to be an attempt to provoke a mistrial or a bad faith attempt to prejudice appellant.
So too, the prosecutor's expressions of personal belief as to the voluntariness of appellant's confession, while error and impermissible, do not constitute overreaching. The voluntariness issue was properly before the jury, and the prosecutor's statements themselves simply do not suggest a bad faith effort to prejudice or an intent to provoke mistrial. Accordingly, we agree with the court of common pleas that the prosecutorial misconduct in this case, though impermissible, does not amount to prosecutorial overreaching and that the Commonwealth is therefore not precluded from retrying appellant. Accord Commonwealth v. Lee, 490 Pa. 346, 416 A.2d 503 (1980).
Order affirmed and case remanded for appropriate proceedings.
[ 490 Pa. Page 344]
NIX, Justice, dissenting.
Without evaluating the jurisdictional predicate for this appeal, the majority opinion concerns itself with determining whether the prosecutorial misconduct constituted "prosecutorial overreaching." Since I believe that this Court is without jurisdiction to entertain the merits of this appeal, I must dissent.
In Commonwealth v. Bolden, 472 Pa. 602, 373 A.2d 90 (1977), we held that after a mistrial had been declared, and prior to the commencement of a second trial, the defendant has the right to an interlocutory appeal from the denial of his pretrial motion to dismiss on the grounds that the new trial will violate his double jeopardy rights.*fn1 See also, Commonwealth v. Haefner, 473 Pa. 154, 373 A.2d 1094 (1977); Commonwealth v. Potter, 478 Pa. 251, 386 A.2d 918 (1978). In Commonwealth v. Hogan, 482 Pa. 333, 393 A.2d 1133, we distinguished the right to interlocutory appeals from orders denying motions to dismiss in cases where the trial judge declared a mistrial (Bolden), from cases where a reviewing court granted a new trial. We recognized that:
[ 490 Pa. Page 345]
upon a finding of trial error. The very core of the protection offered by the double jeopardy clause is the assurance of an adjudication by a tribunal having jurisdiction to hear and determine the cause and the finality of that judgment. United States v. Oppenheimer, 242 U.S. 85, 37 S.Ct. 68, 61 L.Ed. 161 (1916). Thus, mistrials touch upon the very heart of the double jeopardy protection since, in those cases, the original tribunal is prevented from passing judgment. Id., 482 Pa. at 341, 393 A.2d at 1137.
We also explained that when a reviewing court finds reversible prosecutorial misconduct upon the complaint of the defendant, whether the government must cease its attempts to try the accused is not a double jeopardy bar, but a due process issue. We reasoned that:
In such an instance, the flexible and evolving concept of due process -- rather than the historically rigid rule of double jeopardy -- would be the standard against which would be measured the propriety of allowing the government yet another chance to try the accused. Id., 482 Pa. at 343-44, 393 A.2d at 1138.
See also, Gore v. United States, 357 U.S. 386, 392, 78 S.Ct. 1280, 2 L.Ed.2d 1045 (1957). Thus, in Hogan we affirmed the order denying the motion to dismiss since the thrust of the appeal did not involve an interlocutory appealable double jeopardy issue.
The majority opinion ignores our holding in Hogan and assumes jurisdiction over an appeal which involves due process, not double jeopardy considerations. Here, the appellant had the right to a judgment passed on by the empanelled tribunal. The appellant sought to appeal his conviction on the ground of prosecutorial misconduct and this Court ordered a new trial. Under these circumstances, double jeopardy poses no bar to prosecution.
I would dismiss the instant appeal since the appellant raises a non-appealable interlocutory due process issue. Commonwealth v. Klobuchir, 486 Pa. 241, n. 5, 405 A.2d 881, n. 5 (1979).
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10 Essential Vinylz Productions
Much has been made of Drake' partnership with Noah "40" Shebib, but equally important to his success has been the quartet of producers of Boi-1da, Vinylz, Allen Ritter, Frank Dukes that often put their heads together to feed him a nearly endless supply of potential hits.
Stream OVO Sound Radio Ep. 31 With Boi-1da & Vinylz
Tonight brought another bi-weekly edition of OVO Sound Radio. Episode 31 was hosted by OVO producer Boi-1da as well as his frequent production partner Vinylz, who's also been one of Drake's most entrusted beatmakers. Both mixes are worth listening to, with Vinylz running through the past 20 years of New York hip-hop and dropping a few of his latest hits, and Boi-1da setting the scene in Toronto with an OVO-heavy array of memorable tunes.
Boi-1da Implicates Tory Lanez For "Trolling For Record Sales"
A-list producer Boi-1da sent out a tweet today regarding simmering tensions between Drake and an unnamed artist. "One dude is selling out Madison Square Garden 4 nights," he wrote, "And the other dude trolling for attention & record sales. There's levels to this." The first dude, of course, is Drake, whose "Summer Sixteen" tour, featuring Future as a co-headliner, just ran through four sold-out shows at the Garden. Now it's not definitive, but "the other dude" is presumed to be another Torontonian in Tory Lanez, with whom Boi-1da sparred a couple of months ago.
Did Drake Inadvertently Expose His Own Reference Tracks In 2014?
By now we all know the story. Last July, Meek Mill called out Drake on Twitter, accusing him of using ghostwriters to pen his raps. Now, in an unexpected development, it appears that Drake may have exposed his own reference tracks on Instagram over eight months before Meek leveled his accusations.
Boi-1da Brings Out Drake At Mad Decent Block Party In Brooklyn
After shows on Thursday and Friday, Drake had yesterday and today (Aug. 7) off in NYC before he's set to close his three-night "Summer Sixteen" run at Madison Square Garden tomorrow night. He managed to sneak in a performance earlier this evening, though, as he went over to Brooklyn to show up as a surprise guest during Boi-1da's set at the Mad Decent Block Party.
Boi-1da Calls Out Tory Lanez' "Luv" For Being A "Terrible" Dancehall Imitation
For months now, tension has been brewing between Tory Lanez and the undisputed top boy in Toronto, who goes by the name of Drake. There are notable similarities in the styles of the two artists, namely that they both skillfully blend elements of hip-hop, R&B, and other genres as well. Tory believes he's the face of The New Toronto, which was the title of his December mixtape.
Review: Drake's "VIEWS"
It felt like the hot takes on VIEWS started coming in before the album even dropped.
Drake's "VIEWS" By The Numbers
Did Drake's VIEWS live up to the hype? "Man don't live off di hype," as Baka says. Nonetheless Drizzy's album has been heavily fueled by it, and continues to be-- while the critics have yet to say their piece on the LP, the album is reportedly doing big, big numbers-- with one site alleging 741k units over the span of two days.
Fetty Wap, Joey Bada$$ & G-Eazy Among Forbes' "Hip Hop Cash Princes"
Forbes, #1 producer of lists of wealthy people, is back with another category of the wealthy. This one is called "Hip Hop Cash Princes," specifically ranks the rising under 30 stars who have already managed to start a solid bankroll for themselves. Without further ado, the Hip Hop Cash Princes Of 2016: 1) Boi-1da 2) Dej Loaf 3) Fetty Wap 4) G-Eazy
Top Tracks: January 4 - January 10
2016 is looking like it's gonna be a fast year. Yeezy decided to become the year's frontrunner after jumping over Jumpman on New Year's Eve, and somehow, he outdid himself the next week, dropping a two-in-one package that had one of the craziest debuts in HNHH history -- and continues to do huge numbers.
Top Tracks: December 28 - January 3
Welcome to 2016, y'all. Did anything really change on January 1st, aside from waking up with a crippling hangover? Well, it certainly feels that way in the rap world, as some of the genre's biggest stars have made sure to come out with forceful statements that conveniently arrived in sync with the New Year.
Top Tracks: December 7 - December 13
We're quickly approaching the holidays, which means the year-end lists are in full effect. While many of us are looking back at the abundance of great music that's dropped over the past 50 weeks, some of our favorite rappers are showing no signs of showing down. Shortly after dropping his Black Friday remix package with Kendrick Lamar, J.
Chris Brown & Big Sean Among Guest Features On G-Eazy's Upcoming Album
We attended a NYC listening session for G-Eazy's upcoming album When It's Dark Out. We learned a lot, including some of the featured artists and producers we didn't already know would appear.
Listen To OVO Sound Radio Episode 7 Featuring PARTYNEXTDOOR & Boi-1da
By now, you've probably heard the SEVEN new tracks PARTYNEXTDOOR debuted on Saturday's episode of OVO Sound Radio, but now you have a chance to listen to the entire broadcast. Regular host Oliver El-Khatib started things off big with a newly mastered version of "Can I," a Drake and Beyonce collaboration that leaked a little while back.
Listen To PartyNextDoor's 7 New Tracks Premiered On OVO Sound Radio
It was gonna be tough to top last week's episode of OVO Sound Radio, when Drake premiered his joint album with Future, What a Time to Be Alive, but tonight's episode certainly gave episode 6 a run for its money. Oliver El-Khatib started things off and was then followed by Boi-1da, who reminded us just how many smash hits he's been behind. The focus was all on the third and final guest, though: PartyNextDoor, who blessed listeners with 7 unheard tracks.
PARTYNEXTDOOR & Boi-1da To Provide Mixes For Tonight's Episode Of OVO Sound Radio
UPDATE/RECAP: The show began with a mix from OVO co-founder Oliver El-Khatib, who played mostly Drake material, including a mastered version of the long-awaited Drake and Beyonce collaboration, "Can I" -- listen here. Then it was Boi-1da's turn, and he went through some of his most memorable productions, reminding us that he's been behind so many smash hits. The focus then shifted to PartyNextDoor, and he premiered 7 (SEVEN!) new records.
"What A Time To Be Alive" Tracklist & Production Credits
Soon after Drake began playing What a Time to Be Alive, he posted the tracklist on Instagram.
Tinashe Collaborates With Boi-1da, Travi$ Scott, Hit-Boy & More For New Album
Tinashe's quickly becoming the next big pop star. The girl has been touring the world with Nicki Minaj, as part of the opening acts on "The Pinkprint" tour, and soon she'll be joining Katy Perry for Perry's South American tour. The singer is always on her grind, needless to say, and after releasing her debut album Aquarius to positive reviews in 2014, she's quickly returning in the Fall for a sophomore effort. She's already recorded thirty records for it.
140 Bars: Top Tweets Of The Week (July 18 - 24)
Holy beef. This week saw arguably more online clashes in the rap game than any other week in the past five years, with Nicki Minaj v. Taylor Swift, Meek Mill v. Drake, Boi-1da v. OG Maco, Ghostface Killah v. Action Bronson, and Bruno Mars v. Ed Sheeran (lol) all clashing. Those dominated the headlines and Twitter alike, so this week's edition of 140 Bars features some of the spillover. We only chose the funniest, weirdest and most thought-provoking though.
Hip Hop Reacts To The Meek Mill & Drake Controversy
Where to begin? Last night saw people from nearly every corner of hip hop (and even some pop mainstays) engaging in a widespread online conflict, oddly enough kicked off by some tweets exchanged between Nicki Minaj and Taylor Swift.


text:
Talk:Audi 80
|This article is of interest to the following WikiProjects:
- 1 Untitled
- 2 Motorsport
- 3 Variety of English
- 4 Panhard rod?
- 5 Model 80 with Inline 5 cylinder Engine
- 6 Picture
- 7 Power
- 8 B1 had auto tranny
- 9 Removed
- 10 Fair use rationale for Image:Rs2logo.gif
- 11 Model years Vs Years of production?
- 12 Audi Coupé/Cabriolet B3
- 13 Didn't Giugiaro design the B1 as well?
- 14 Audi S2
- 15 File:Audi 80 L 1978.jpg Nominated for Deletion
- 16 B3 in Greece
- 17 Merged Content from Audi 4000CS quattro
All images in this article were on speedy delete list so removed. Please use free pictures in future. Justinc 23:44, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
I removed an add-on to the S2/RS2 section; this is an encyclopedia, not a free bulletin board for ads.
I think a small section on the end of the article should be designated for the Audio 80/90 and its participation/usage in Motorsport. It was a notable entrant in the ISMA GT Championship for a few years as a Space-framed chasis. Considering it was beating GT cars such as the Ferrari F40 it was quite successful as a race-car. Although, it would be quite hard to find any references on its various exploits in and around the racing world.
Variety of English[edit]
I hesitate to bring up this thorny issue... but the present article has got a mixture of US English (sedan, station wagon, liter) and British English (coupé, with the e acute, and also "petrol tank" rather than "gas tank"). The British version seems justified because of the e acute being part of the actual model name, so far as I can see.
The Manual of Style says we should never have a mixture. But there are two conflicting cases about what to do: one suggests to go with the variety of English used in the home country of the product, and we get into the thing of Germany not having its own variety, but being part of Europe where the only official variety of English is British (not considering differences for Scots and Irish...); therefore British English should be used. But the other consideration in the Manual of Style is not to make mass changes of English variety for their own sake. On that basis it would also be a bad thing to change the page. My personal view is that the need for consistency over-rides this.
So on balance I'm minded to bring consistency to the article by switching to British English and changing sedan to saloon. Will this hugely offend anyone? – Kieran T (talk) 13:14, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
- Recommend "fuel tank" in cases where the type of fuel is not important. —überRegenbogen 08:56, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
Panhard rod?[edit]
The geometry of the stabilizing strut (citing physical observation of mid-1970s Audi Foxes and VW Dashers) is significantly different from the illustrations and description in the Panhard rod article. Notably, rather than connecting to the body and cross-beam with ball joints, it is welded to the cross-beam and to the body-end of one of the trailing arms—forming a solid a-frame with them (and eliminating the arc motion that is specifically cited as a disadvantage of a Panhard rod).
The question—or questions—then are:
- Does this difference in design make it not a Panhard rod design?
- Is the Panhard rod article too specific in its description?
—überRegenbogen 09:41, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
- I don't know, but by the 80s the rod was articulated at both ends (with rubber bushings). You can see it quite well in this picture [1] which is a 1982 Coupe unit. Huw Powell (talk) 03:39, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
Model 80 with Inline 5 cylinder Engine[edit]
It suggests in this article that the 2.3L I5 was not offered in the 1991 (80), but I owned a 1991 US model 80 with that particular setup. It was a front wheel drive, 2.3L I5, with a 5-speed manual transmission. It still had the B3 body style, so i don't think that it was an early B4.
Does anyone have any insight about this?
Magnacurt 23:58, 1 May 2007 (UTC)magnacurt
I added my picture of the 93 90S back, since someone removed it when the put up the picture of the white cabriolet.
Can somebody check the power outputs of the various engines? This change by an anon from 110bhp to 101bhp, for a 1.6 engine which is in both cases more powerful than the 2.0 makes me suspicious that we may have subtle vandalism creeping in. When figures change without a reference or an edit summary it's always tempting to just revert, but it's often not obvious that the initial figure has any more authority — without going back to find who first added it, which is obviously very time consuming. Incidentally, no offence to this particular anon. If you're making valid changes, however, would you please start to use edit summaries to explain them, or source your information with references? Ta. :) – Kieran T (talk) 09:50, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
- The 1.6 E used the new crossflow engine with MPI that had 101 PS (74 kW). It was more popular in Southern Europe where engine displacement was taxed. The 90 PS (66 kW) 2.0 was available in Germany to have an 80 in a lower insurance bracket (insurance is payed according to horsepower). A 1993 or 1994 Automobile Revue Katalog will confirm those horsepower values. --Pc13 10:03, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
B1 had auto tranny[edit]
When I was a kid we had a 1975 Audi Fox station wagon with automatic transmission. This was in Texas. Unfortunately I don't know any more about it (# of speeds). --ScottJ 22:24, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
Scott, the early 80/Fox was available with a four-speed manual or a three-speed automatic only. --328cia (talk) 13:38, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
this sentence:
The Audi 80 sold well in Germany, however the Netherlands and Denmark were its two biggest selling markets.
It simply cannot be that Audi sold more 80s on comparatively small markets (totalling about 300.000 cars per year each) than on its home market (2.5 million cars per year).
Also, I removed the hint concerning mainland European cars with the US-style quad headlamps. These were at no time used by the factory in Europe (except on the pre-facelift Coupé and Ur-Quattro, where they were standard, and on the first-gen Audi 200).
--328cia (talk) 13:38, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
- FWIW, I finally found a source with some figures to back up my claim made above:
- All Audi models sold, Denmark 1983/1984: 758/638
- All Audi models sold Netherlands 83/84: 38.059/42.286 (Volkswagen included!)
- Audi 80 sold in Germany 83/84: 77.654/71.306
- --328cia (talk) 00:52, 20 January 2008 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:Rs2logo.gif[edit]
Image:Rs2logo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.
If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.
BetacommandBot (talk) 07:07, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
Model years Vs Years of production?[edit]
I know for a fact that there are 1987 B2 audi 80/90s in europe, AKA Audi 4000, but also Model year 1987 B3's in Europe, along with 1992 B3's. Are we going with Model years or production years for year designations? Pastorboy0 (talk) 02:18, 2 March 2009 (UTC)
- Model years are for American cars only. We go with production years for all other cars. --Pc13 (talk) 18:59, 2 March 2009 (UTC)
Audi Coupé/Cabriolet B3[edit]
The Audi Coupé "B3" and Cabriolet (typ 89, more correctly 8B and 8G) definitely deserve their own article. As it stands, they are a very awkward fit on the Audi 80 page as they are a mishmash of B3 and B4 parts, and have entirely different development histories. I suggest a page titled Audi Coupé/Cabriolet for these cars. Additionally, the Audi Cabriolet is referred to as a B4, which is not correct. The Cabriolet is based on the typ 89 Coupé (nicknamed B3), it just happened to appear around the same time as the introduction of the "B4" Audi 80. Also, such a change would allow us to place the Audi S2 Coupé in its correct place rather than (perversely) as a subsection to the B4. ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃ (talk) 20:44, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
Didn't Giugiaro design the B1 as well?[edit]
Didn't Giugiaro design the B1 as well? He is not credited in this article or on his page, but he did design the very similar sister model, the VW Passat B1. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jason404 (talk • contribs) 04:57, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
- Every place I look credits him for the B2 but not the B1, including GG's own Facebook page (assuming it's real). ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃ (talk) 06:04, 18 May 2011 (UTC)
Audi S2[edit]
Look at the "Audi S2" part. It used a 2.2L engine. The power output of the new engine that launched in 1992 is increased from 220 PS to 230 PS. But, why the acceleration time become worse, from 5.7s in old engine to 5.9s in new engine? This is odd.RaymondSutanto (talk) 09:41, 3 June 2011 (UTC)
- Probably more safety equipment, bumpers and side impact stuff. Either that, or they didn't cheat the second time around. Are the times both to 100km/h? Mr.choppers | ✎ 17:29, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
File:Audi 80 L 1978.jpg Nominated for Deletion[edit]
|An image used in this article, File:Audi 80 L 1978.jpg, has been nominated for deletion at Wikimedia Commons in the following category: Media without a source as of 25 February 2012
Don't panic; a discussion will now take place over on Commons about whether to remove the file. This gives you an opportunity to contest the deletion, although please review Commons guidelines before doing so.
To take part in any discussion, or to review a more detailed deletion rationale please visit the relevant image page (File:Audi 80 L 1978.jpg)
This is Bot placed notification, another user has nominated/tagged the image --CommonsNotificationBot (talk) 12:13, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
B3 in Greece[edit]
Audi 80 B3 never sold in Greece with a 1.4 lit. engine as mentioned. It came straight with the 1.6/75 ps engine as the base option. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 15:05, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
Merged Content from Audi 4000CS quattro[edit]
|The content of Audi 4000CS quattro was merged into Audi 80 on 16 January 2011. For the contribution history and old versions of the redirected page, please see its history; for the discussion at that location, see its talk page.


text:
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More Rooftop Solar Coming for Molokai
By Catherine Cluett Pactol
Molokai is at the forefront of the country's renewable energy future, and residents got a chance to talk story with their utility company, Maui Electric, ask questions and share what's important to them last week.
With more than 100 Molokai customers waiting to install rooftop solar, photovoltaic (PV) challenges took a front seat at the discussion. Those residents had filed applications under the Net Energy Metering (NEM) program — which pays customers the retail electric rate for excess energy generated from their panels — before the program was discontinued to new applicants last October.
Jamie Cook, Maui Electric's director of renewable energy projects, said 107 applicants are currently waiting in the queue to be approved — the same number that were waiting in March of this year.…


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 11, 2006
|Filing date
|Sep 14, 2000
|Priority date
|Sep 14, 2000
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Terence R. Spies
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (19), Classifications (11), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to cryptography and, more particularly, to methods and arrangements that allow signature generating devices to provide encryption-based authentication services within a computing environment.
Cryptography is commonly employed to authenticate data, encode data, or encrypt/decrypt data in a manner that allows the data to be stored, accessed and/or transmitted in a controlled/secure manner. Cryptography is becoming more and more popular as computers and networks increase in number, size and complexity.
One basic form of cryptography is asymmetric encryption, which uses public-key encryption algorithms. Public-key algorithms typically employ two different keys (known as a key pair), namely, a public key and a private key. These two keys are typically derived from extremely large prime numbers making them mathematically related. However, it is practically impossible to derive one key from the other. As suggested by their names, the public key is made public, while the private key is kept private. Information (i.e., data) that is encrypted with either one of the keys can only be decrypted with the other one of the keys. Thus, for example, data encrypted with the private key can only be decrypted with the public key, and vice versa.
Since, public-key algorithms can be somewhat slow, particularly when encrypting large amounts of data, a digital signature can be used instead to digitally sign the data. A digital signature can be produced by passing the data through a specific one-way hashing algorithm. The hashing algorithm produces a much smaller message digest. As a result of the hashing algorithm, the message digest is a unique value that can essentially act as a "fingerprint" for the larger data file. Once a message digest is created, it can be encrypted, for example, using the private key and attached to the larger data file when it is sent or otherwise provided.
One problem associated with such cryptography techniques is that a third party might attempt to masquerade as one of the communicating parties, for example, by fraudulently holding out a public key that is represented to be one of the communicating parties public keys. Any messages or hashes that are intended for the communicating party and encrypted with the fraudulent public key could conceivably be decrypted with the accompanying private key by the third party.
To address this problem and others, a digital certificate can be employed by the communicating parties. A digital certificate is a credential issued by a trusted organization or entity called a certification authority (CA), such as, for example, VeriSign, Inc. This credential typically contains a public key and data that identifies the certificate's subject (i.e., the applicable communicating party). A certificate is usually issued by a CA only after the CA has verified the certificate's subject's identity and has confirmed that the public key included with the certificate belongs to that subject. The certificate may also include a digest of the certificate's contents that is signed with the private key of the CA to ensure that the certificate has not been altered or forged.
To further the mobility of users, portable devices, such as, for example, smart cards, can be used to authenticate that a user is allowed to access various resources or information. While some smart cards are configured to provide asymmetric encryption, other smart cards are limited, for example, by export regulations, to only provide digital signatures. In certain situations, therefore, smart cards that are limited to providing digital signatures are unable to support the necessary encryption-based authentication processes. Consequently, there is a need for improved methods and arrangements that can be implemented to allow signature-generating devices to support encryption-based authentication processes.
The present invention provides improved methods and arrangements that can be implemented to allow signature-generating devices to support encryption-based authentication processes.
In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, the methods and arrangements allow a signature-generating device to support an encryption-based authentication process. In certain methods, for example, a smart card or like device is configured to interface with a computer. The computer can be configured to generate a key based on a digital signature and at least one random value, for example, by hashing a digital signature produced by the smart card along with a concatenated random number. The resulting key can then be used by the computer to selectively encrypt data. During a subsequent use, for example, the smart card is required to once again digitally sign the random number to produce a corresponding digital signature. The computer then uses the digital signature to compute a key, which is then used to decrypt the previously encrypted data.
A more complete understanding of the various methods and arrangements of the present invention may be had by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Computer 130 includes one or more processors or processing units 132, a system memory 134, and a bus 136 that couples various system components including the system memory 134 to processors 132. The bus 136 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory 134 includes read only memory (ROM) 138 and random access memory (RAM) 140. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 142, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 130, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 138.
Computer 130 further includes a hard disk drive 144 for reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), a magnetic disk drive 146 for reading from and writing to a removable magnetic disk 148, and an optical disk drive 150 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 152 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive 144, magnetic disk drive 146, and optical disk drive 150 are connected to the bus 136 by an SCSI interface 154 or some other appropriate interface. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for computer 130. Although the exemplary environment described herein employs a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk 148 and a removable optical disk 152, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of computer-readable media which can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment.
A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk 144, magnetic disk 148, optical disk 152, ROM 138, or RAM 140, including an operating system 158, one or more application programs 160, other program modules 162, and program data 164. A user may enter commands and information into computer 130 through input devices such as a keyboard 166 and a pointing device 168. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are connected to the processing unit 132 through an interface 170 that is coupled to the bus 136. A monitor 172 or other type of display device is also connected to the bus 136 via an interface, such as a video adapter 174. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown) such as speakers and printers.
Computer 130 commonly operates in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 176. The remote computer 176 may be another personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to computer 130, although only a memory storage device 178 has been illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, computer 130 is connected to the local network 180 through a network interface or adapter 184. When used in a WAN networking environment, computer 130 typically includes a modem 186 or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 182, such as the Internet. The modem 186, which may be internal or external, is connected to the bus 136 via a serial port interface 156. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 130, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
Generally, the data processors of computer 130 are programmed by means of instructions stored at different times in the various computer-readable storage media of the computer. Programs and operating systems are typically distributed, for example, on floppy disks or CD-ROMs. From there, they are installed or loaded into the secondary memory of a computer. At execution, they are loaded at least partially into the computer's primary electronic memory. The invention described herein includes these and other various types of computer-readable storage media when such media contain instructions or programs for implementing the steps described below in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor. The invention also includes the computer itself when programmed according to the methods and techniques described below.
For purposes of illustration, programs and other executable program components such as the operating system are illustrated herein as discrete blocks, although it is recognized that such programs and components reside at various times in different storage components of the computer, and are executed by the data processor(s) of the computer.
To support the portability of tokens and the associated cryptographic functions that support application programs 160, computer 130 further includes at least one portable token interface. For example, magnetic disk 148 or optical disk 152 may be considered a token carrier or device when encoded with applicable token data/instructions. More likely, however, in the future, the portable token interface will include the coupling of additional hardware to computer 130. Thus, for example, a smart card reader 200 may be connected to bus 136 through a port such as serial port 156, as depicted. Smart card reader 200 is supported by application programs and/or other modules similar to other input/output devices. Smart card reader 200 is configured to receive a smart card 202 and to provide the operative coupling of smart card 202 to processing unit 132. Smart card reader 200 can support a plurality of smart cards.
By way of still further example, a universal serial bus (USB) port 204 may also be coupled to bus 136, as applicable, to support smart card readers and/or other types of portable token devices 206. The basic notion of the portable token device is that it can be provided by the user to one or more computer systems when required to support cryptographic functions or encryption-based authentication functions.
Given this configuration, smart cards can be configured to provide significant security for cryptographic keys. Additional security can be provided by requiring the user to enter additional security or identifying data (e.g., a personal identification number (PIN) or string, personal and/or other biometric information/data) in computer 130 when attempting to activate or otherwise access the services provided for by smart card 202. For example, the card holder may be required to enter a PIN to activate the private key, or have their fingerprint scanned. As token carriers, smart card 202 preferably holds at least one asymmetric key pair. In the discussion that follows, it is assumed that smart card 202 is limited to providing a digital signature for an input string, for example, based on an asymmetric key pair therein.
Conventional authentication/logon processes have typically relied on cryptographic techniques to authenticate users. By way of example, a user is usually required to supply a user ID and a "secret" password (PW). The password (PW) or some derivative thereof can then be used to encrypt a key (K) using a conventional encryption function. Key K is a string that is itself used to encrypt a data block D. Data block D can contain any type of data, including logon data, various data files, permissions, etc. Thus, to subsequently access data block D or portions thereof, password PW must be provided and used to first decrypt key K. Once key K has been decrypted, data block D can be decrypted and accessed. The computer would therefore store E(D)K and E(K)PW, wherein E is an encryption function.
Certain logon processes also store and utilize a cryptographic hash H(PW) of password PW. H(PW) is generated by a one-way hashing function. When a user attempts to logon, the newly entered password PW is hashed and the results are compared to the stored H(PW) to authenticate the user. Thus, if the compared hash values match, then E(K)PW is decrypted and then E(D)K is decrypted. The user then has access to data block D or is otherwise authenticated to access the computing resources.
A smart card that does provide encryption capabilities can be used in place of the E(K)PW operation. For example, a user would provide a user ID and personal identification number (PIN). The PIN can be any string of information, and as such is not limited to numbers as its name infers. The PIN is provided to the smart card and enables the smart card to perform generate key K, which can then be used to decrypt E(D)K.
However, certain smart card implementations are limited to only generating digital signatures of an input string. As such, these signature-generating devices are unable to generate key K, as defined above. As described below, such limitations can prevent users from accessing the computer in certain situations.
Let us assume that the user is attempting to logon to a computer network through a remote computer having a smart card reader, and that the user wants to access data on the remote computer. In this example, the computer network includes a domain controller or like arrangement that authenticates users that can access various resources including the remote computer.
When the remote computer is operatively connected to the domain controller, the domain controller sends a challenge (C) to the remote computer as part of the logon process. The remote computer responds with a signature S(C) of challenge C generated by the smart card and a digital certificate. The domain controller then responds with decrypted data block (or at least a portion thereof associated with the logon process), upon authentication of the signature S(C) and the digital certificate.
However, if the remote computer is not operatively connected to the domain controller, then the user would not be able to logon using a smart card that is limited to generating signatures.
Thus, as mentioned above there is a need for improved methods and arrangements that allow signature-generating devices to support encryption-based authentication processes, such as, for example, a logon process.
The novel methods and arrangements described herein are capable of turning a signature generating operation into an encryption operation that can be used to derive a key K for use in the encryption and decryption processes.
In the logon example above, the remote computer will have encrypted data block E(D)K, and stored random values R2 and R3. Thus, during a logon process, when logon information within data block D is required, the signature-generating smart card will be able to support the decryption process.
Step 410, which is optional, provides additional security checking by having the computer further generate a cryptographic hash of the decrypted random value R1 that was included in data block D. The resulting hash value is then compared to decrypted hash value H(R1). A match further verifies that key TK was the correct key.
In accordance with still other exemplary implementations, a simpler method having reduced security is provided that does not require as many random values. Here, the Encryption Key=HASH(Signature(R1),R2) is instead Encryption Key=Signature(R1), or Encryption Key=some other derivative of (Signature(R1)). This is like to picking the first/last N bits from the signature itself.
Similarly, there's no reason other than verification to have redundancy in the encrypted packet. In certain implementations described above, the Encrypted Packet=Encrypted (R3, Hash(R3)), such that if any bit of the encrypted packet is altered, one will know since the R3<-> Hash(R3) link would go bad. Similarly, a failure would occur if the decryption is attempted with the wrong key.
However, a simpler implementation may be employed in certain situations. For example, an Encrypted Packet=Encrypted(R3) or an Encrypted Packet=Encrypted(User Data) may be employed, so as to forego the extra security checking and/or encrypt the user data directly. One drawback, of course, to this simpler approach is that the added security of the R3<-> Hash(R3) link would be missing. Nevertheless, this may be appropriate for certain arrangements.
Using the above methods and arrangements, therefore, a signature-generating smart card or other like device is able to support encryption-based authentication processes within a computer and/or computer network environment. For example, the methods and arrangements allow users to logon and access encrypted data through portable computers that are intermittently connected to an enterprise network, without requiring a smart card that supports more advanced encryption processes.
For further information on cryptography techniques, readers are directed to available texts, such as, for example, Applied Cryptography Second Edition, by Bruce Schneier, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996, which is incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes. Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the above methods and arrangements may be adapted for use in enforcing cached logons in a significantly secure manner. For example, the above exemplary methods can be used to complete the client-side of an encryption-based authentication round as described above and may also be used to have a signature-based smart card or like device generate a key that unlocks secrets (i.e., data) that are held encrypted locally. Without this mechanism it isn't clear how such a "signature-only" device could possibly be used to encrypt a local cache securely.
Although some preferred embodiments of the various methods and arrangements of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth and defined by the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|380/44, 713/176, 713/168, 713/180, 380/277, 380/28
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 16, 2001
Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTON
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Effective date: 20010109
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|Fee payment
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Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON
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balanced fund quarterly report
Global stock markets remained volatile in the third quarter, albeit to a lesser extent then previous periods. Central banks continue to maintain their bias towards accommodative monetary policies and will most likely do so for an extended period of time. Bond and equity markets around the world continued to display this view with stock markets near all-time highs and yields remaining at low levels....
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Central banks across the G7 (BOC, FED, UK, Japan, ECB (France, Germany & Italy)) maintained their bias towards extraordinary accommodative policy over the third quarter. While the U.S. is closest to beginning raising interest rates (59% chance of a 25 bps hike in December), it's still safe to say that globally, extraordinarily accommodative monetary policy will remain intact for some time. Bond and equity markets....


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