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In conversing with a member of our site, recently, I was shocked to hear that he was quoted $900 for labor to remove an existing patio door and replace it with a new unit. I sent him these instructions, hopefully they will help you too.
Here are the steps to remove and replace a sliding patio door unit with the same size unit:
1. Remove the window liner of the patio door and casing from the inside.
2. Removing the existing patio door: If the house is stucco, by using either a circular saw or an angle grinder with a masonry blade, remove the stucco about 1 1/2" from all around the patio door unit. These patio door units have a flange on them that is designed to hold the patio door units against the sheathing on the wall. You have to remove the stucco, siding and trim for the first 1 1/2" around the patio door unit, right down to the sheathing, to expose this flange. Get a nail claw and remove the nails driven through the flange into the sheathing. I remove the sliding patio door to make the frame lighter. Lift up and out on the bottom when the patio door is in the full open position. The new patio doors have stop blocks in the frame header which prevents upward movement unless the patio door is opened enough to slide by these blocks. Older patio door units do not have these. Remove any screws through the frame into the cripple, especially around the latch. Remove the patio door frame unit.
3. Replace the new patio door unit - Set the new patio door unit in position on the sub-floor and shim up one side to level the patio door unit. Shim up under the patio door unit in various places to keep the threshold level. A helper is usefull here to keep the patio door unit from falling out. I usually work by myself so use nails as a third hand, by nailing the nails above the upper flange, enough to allow shiming (if required), and bend them over the flange to prevent the top from tipping out. When the bottom threshold is straight and level nail the bottom flange about 6" apart. Aluminum flanges have a thin groove to nail through, vinyl flanges have elongated holes to nail through. Use roofing nails to nail the flanges, especially on vinyl, center the nail in the slot.
4. Plumb the side of the patio door unit by installing the patio door back in and close the patio door to get an even margin. This should require very little movement and should be perfect from the patio door manufacturer. It stands to reason that if the bottom is level the sides should be plumb as long as the patio door unit is square. If it is not, the patio door may need to be adjusted if the side frames look plumb with a level. The patio door is levelled using a screw driver on the sides on the bottom, through a hole. By screwing this screw in or out will lift or drop this side of the patio door. Keep trying until the patio door slides against the jamb evenly. That's why it is important to level the patio door base well before continuing, so that the patio door will roll along the bottom nicely and straight rather than going up and down and rubbing on the track. When happy with the patio door unit being plumb, nail up the side flanges on both sides.
5. Remove the nails above the top flange used to temporarily hold the patio door unit at the top. Do not nail any nails in the top flange at all. The top is held against the sheathing with the trim or siding and allows the header to move down without breaking the patio door unit as the wood shrinks. This is mainly for a new house where the lumber still has a percentage of water in it. Still good practice, though.
6. Open and close the patio door and adjust if necessary.
7. Depending on the type of siding or stucco, you have to replace or install a 1x4 trim on the outside of the patio door. Pack out above the flange to match the thickness of siding or stucco, usually a ripping of 5/8" plywood works nicely ripped about 1 3/8" wide. The trim will cover the flange and provide shelter from the elements. Caulk the frame to the trim and trim to the siding or stucco, unless it is bevel siding. Use an exterior latex with silicon caulking that is paintable, for example Alex Plus by Dap.
8. Insulate between the patio door unit and the cripple (jack stud), threshold and header loosely with fibreglass insulation or the spray foam. Finish the inside liner as was the original and install the casing. Caulk up the casing with the same as used outside.
Enjoy your new patio door.
Dave(Ask Dave) (About Dave)
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Scans to and print from Android phones and tablets.
Can't change landscape or portrait document orientation for printing. Scan viewer can't rotate pages.
The Samsung Mobile Print Android app makes it easy to print to any current Samsung printer that offers Wi-Fi Direct or is on a network that also includes a Wi-Fi access point.
Few types of apps are as tightly targeted as printer apps like Samsung Mobile Print (free) for Android phones and tablets. The app has to work not only on your specific smartphone or tablet—which is why we have a separate review for Samsung Mobile Print (for iPad) (free, 3.5 stars)—but also with your printer. That's why Samsung and other manufacturers offer their own manufacturer-specific print apps.
Samsung is being modest in calling its app Mobile Print. Use it with an MFP, like the Samsung CLX-4195FW ($450 street) that I used for my tests, and it can scan too. I'm not convinced that scanning directly to my phone is an improvement over the scan and email command in most MFPs that lets you send scans as email attachments, but it's certainly at least as useful as an alternative.
The BasicsSamsung says the Android version of Mobile Print will run on any Android phone or tablet with any recent version of the operating system up to 4.0.4. On the printer side, it will work with all Samsung printers announced since January 2011, although some of the earlier 2011 models require a firmware update.
For my tests, I installed version 1.03.08 of the app on an HTC Droid Incredible. Basic setup is standard: download the app from Google Play and install it. Using it wasn't much harder, although finding it in my list of apps was a minor challenge, because it gets sorted alphabetically under M for Mobile Print rather than S for Samsung.
The app communicates using Wi-Fi, but it doesn't matter if the printer supports Wi-Fi or not, as long as the printer is connected to a network that includes a Wi-Fi access point. For printers that offer Wi-Fi direct, like the CLX-4195FW, you can connect directly to the printer as an alternative, which is usually easier, and which I did for my tests.
Whichever approach you take, the first step for using the app is to make sure Wi-Fi is enabled in your phone or tablet and that you're connected to the network or directly to the printer. Once you set up a connection the first time, the phone or tablet will automatically reconnect whenever it's in range of the printer, as long as you have Wi-Fi turned on.
PrintingUsing Mobile Print is simple. When you launch the app, it shows tabs on the bottom of the screen for printing and scanning. Tap Print and you'll see six icons, thankfully labeled with identifying text. The two that you might expect are Gallery, for printing image files, and Documents, for printing an assortment of Microsoft Office documents (DOC, DOCX, XLS, XLSX, PPT, PPTX) plus PDF and TXT files. The other four icon choices let you find and print a Web page and print from Google Docs, Facebook, and Twitter.
To print, you start by choosing one of the icons. Tap Gallery, for example, to find JPG files, or Documents to find document files. In either case, after you pick a file, you'll see a preview image, a Print button, and a button with the name of the currently selected printer.
To change print settings, including the printer to use if there's more than one available, you tap the button with the printer name. Among the options you can then set are the number of copies, paper size, and whether to print in color or black and white.
One option that's missing is a setting for landscape versus portrait mode. Most of the files I printed were already defined to print in the right orientation. However, one Excel file was set incorrectly for portrait mode. With no way to change it to landscape, my only choice was to print it with the left and right sides of the spreadsheet on different pages.
The Web Page, Google Docs, Facebook, and Twitter print options work essentially the same way as the Documents and Gallery choices, except for additional steps you need to take to navigate to the Web page or document you want to print. Note that if you're connected to a Wi-Fi network that's connected to the Internet, the phone can take advantage of the network's Internet connection. If you connect directly to the printer, however, you won't be able to connect to the Internet at the same time. The workaround is to turn off the phone's Wi-Fi, find the Web page or document to print, download it to the phone, turn Wi-Fi back on, and print. The process is a little clumsy, but it works.
One other useful feature Mobile Print offers is the ability to print email messages (but not attachments) using the Android Share Via menu choice. If you open a message, select the part you want to print, and then tap Share Via, Mobile Print shows up as one of the Share choices.
ScanningThe starting point for scanning is similar to the equivalent screen for printing but with just two icons, labeled Scan and My Documents. Tapping Scan takes you to a screen that includes a preview area, Preview and Scan buttons, and a button with the MFP name.
As with printing, if you choose the button with the MFP name, you can choose a different MFP as well as change settings, including options for color or grayscale mode; JPEG, PNG, or PDF format; and low, normal, or high resolution (but without any hint about the actual resolution for each choice).
I had no trouble scanning from either the flatbed or the automatic document feeder on the CLX-4195FW. However, I ran into a potentially annoying issue trying to view the scans. If you pick the My Documents icon on the main Scan screen, you can pick from a list of scanned documents to view. If you scanned the document upside down, however, there's no way to rotate it.
You can rotate the phone, of course, but then the phone flips the picture, so it's upside down again. The best workaround I found was to use the phone's camera app, which lets you both view the scans and rotate them. That's less convenient than being able to view the image from within the Mobile Print app, however.
Despite the minor issues I ran into for both printing and scanning, Samsung Mobile Print earns a reasonably high score overall. Quite simply, it's a useful tool that makes printing to and scanning from Samsung printers almost as easy with an Android mobile device as with a PC on the network. If you have Samsung printers in your office or in offices you visit regularly, the app is easily worth a spot on your Android phone or tablet.
More Android App Reviews: ESET Parental Control (for Android) iHeartRadio (for Android) Square Chip Card Reader Google Photos (for Android) WhoSampled (for Android) more
PCMag may earn affiliate commissions from the shopping links included on this page. These commissions do not affect how we test, rate or review products. To find out more, read our complete terms of use.
M. David Stone is an award-winning freelance writer and computer industry consultant. Although a confirmed generalist, with writing credits on subjects as varied as ape language experiments, politics, quantum physics, and an overview of a top company in the gaming industry. David is also an expert in imaging technologies (including printers, monitors, large-screen displays, projectors, scanners, and digital cameras), storage (both magnetic and optical), and word processing. He is a recognized expert on printers, well known within the industry, and has been a judge for...
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The BenQ SW921 projector can throw a suitably sized, bright image for a medium to large room, with a...
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The NEC Display Solutions NP-P452W data projector delivers a bright image for a midsize to large roo...
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The NEC Display Solutions NP-P452H data projector delivers a bright, high-resolution image that hand...
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subset: commoncrawl


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We've all seen them in the news stories about ME/CFS: the guy in a suit at the office, yawning; the beautiful woman sitting at her desk with her immaculate make-up and elegantly coiffed hair, hand to her head and looking slightly pained.
Discuss the article on the Forums.
Duration of fatigue
Discussion in 'Post-Exertional Malaise, Fatigue, and Crashes' started by sming, Jul 25, 2014.
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Crescent Roll Asparagus
Patsy Oburn
These are so simple and versatile, you can modify a lot.
Featured Pinch Tips Video
- 16 large
- asparagus, fresh
- 8 oz
- crescent rolls
- 2 Tbsp
- olive oil, extra virgin
- 1/4 c
- parmesan cheese
Directions Step-By-Step
1Cut the rolled out crescents into strips.
2Sprinkle cheese onto the rolled out crescents.
3Wrap a strip around each washed asparagus.
4Bake till golden, per instructions on package.
About this Recipe
Course/Dish: Vegetable Appetizers
Main Ingredient: Vegetable
Regional Style: American


text:
While the calendar may show it's still the middle of summer, for many children it's time to prepare for the next school year. Schools across Stanislaus County are starting their academic year in the next few weeks - including Turlock Unified, whose first day of school is Aug. 11 - and families are stocking up on school supplies. For some families, however, the financial burden of purchasing the required pencils, notebooks, binders and other supplies a student needs to succeed is out of reach.
The University of California, Merced, received final approval from the UC Board of Regents Thursday for an expansion plan that will nearly double the physical capacity of campus by 2020, enabling enrollment growth to 10,000 students after the project is completed.
Along with math, science and writing skills, environmental education is another important thing for students to learn. A Turlock native and Modesto educator recently returned from a trip that will enable her to better teach students about what goes on in our forests' ecosystems.
The Turlock Unified School District Board of Trustees unanimously approved a recommendation for the position of Director of Human Resources at a special meeting on June 29, selecting Fernando Ureno for the job.
Teachers play a vital role in shaping the minds of tomorrow, and thanks to a recent grant awarded to local schools, instructors in the area will be better prepared to execute state standards.
Just because school is out for the summer, it doesn't mean that the learning has to stop for local students. For the sixth straight year, the Stanislaus State Mathematics Grants department is hosting two camps in the coming weeks focused on keeping junior high and high school students' math skills in tip-top shape.
Ellen N. Junn is well-versed when it comes to the realm of public education. Serving previously in positions of leadership at five different universities within the California State University system, Junn will now take the reigns as president of Stanislaus State, hoping to continue the legacy of student success that the school has created in recent years.
The Department of Defense often goes out of its way to recognize and support the education of America's future scientists, one of which is Turlock resident Edwin Betady.
The Turlock Unified School District Board of Trustees approved the 2016-17 through 2018-19 Local Control Accountability Plan for the District and eCademy at their June 21 meeting, deciding where and how the school district plans to spend state funds over the next three years.
The Merced Community College Board of Trustees has begun the search for the next Superintendent/President of Merced College and is hoping that the community can help in more ways than one. The District has scheduled community forums for the public to attend, and is also asking community members to serve on the presidential search committee.
After nearly a year of advisory meetings, workshops, surveys and analysis, the Turlock Unified School District Board of Trustees voted unanimously Tuesday to place two general obligation bond measures on the ballot this November.
The University of California, Merced, has announced plans for its next major phase of campus development. The four-year construction project will nearly double the physical capacity of the campus by 2020, allowing it to grow to 10,000 students while also providing a large number of area jobs.
College students tend to have a lot on their plates, like homework, papers and exams. But, the one thing that many are missing on their plates may be the most important, and that's food. To try and help fix this problem as well as the issue of student homelessness, the California State University Chancellor's Office hosted the first statewide Food and Housing Security Conference this week, convening CSU staff, faculty, administrators and students to collaborate on the effort to provide stability to those insecure students.
While eCademy Charter School, the newest addition to the Turlock Unified School District, has only been open for four academic years, the school is revamping its program.
Graduation rates around the state of California climbed for the sixth year in a row in 2015, and local school districts were no exception to the boosted success.
Turlock High School students probably never envisioned Anakin Skywalker, Obi-Wan Kenobi and William Shakespeare together - that is, until Christiana Clark and Jeremy Gallardo from the ...
After a six-week collection period, Turlock Junior High School students donated 22 barrels of non-perishable food to Turlock Together on Friday. Assistant Principal of Student ...
The initial hesitation felt by Brown Elementary School fifth-graders as they dipped chunks of homemade whole wheat bread into garlic, lime or basil olive oil ...
Following the announcement of Turlock Unified School District's first and only facilities planner and safety coordinator Roger Smith's retirement earlier this month, the ...
A small coalition of Stanislaus State students are doing their part to help in the fight against pediatric cancer with "Love Your Melon," an apparel ...
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Search engine optimization firm offering pay-per-click, link building and web analytics. Cleveland, Ohio.
An all-in-one business and marketing platform designed for information marketers, experts, and coaches.
MoonRay OfficeAutopilot is leading in Top 1M Sites.
In terms of market share, Fathom SEO is clearly lagging behind, losing to MoonRay OfficeAutopilot in all segments.
MoonRay OfficeAutopilot has better usage coverage in more websites categories. Including Business & Industry, Health, People & Society, Real Estate and 65 other categories.
Fathom SEO is leading in Industrial Goods & Services, Senior Health, Construction & Maintenance, Computer Hardware and 4 other categories.
MoonRay OfficeAutopilot is leading in most countries, including United States, Canada, Australia, India and 19 other countries.
Fathom SEO is leading in South Africa.


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- Photos
- Map/Street View
- Things Nearby
mandatory $950 application fee. 3 people, Elevator, Non smoker, Pets not accepted, Air conditioning. Living room: Wooden floor, Sofa, Dining table, Coffee table, Closet, 6 Chair(s), window. Kitchen: Separate, Stove, Refrigerator, Oven, Cookware. Bedroom: Carpeting, Double bed, Closet. Bedroom 2: Carpeting, Double bed, Closet, window. Bathroom: Tile, Tub. Neighbourhood: Supermarket, → Read More
Share this listing: Email Print


text:
search for a card
Result of the search for the collectible card:
The following 10 users match with the requested search. Click on their names to contact them.
For some advice on how to trade cards click here.
- snorvell LV25 (United States-Florida)
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When you register you will be able to search for all your cards in one go, and we will send you any new results of the search every day by email.


text:
Peter & his team worked tirelessly to finish the job in the tight schedule I required. Floors were completed to a high standard. Would recommend without hesitation...have referred to others. An absolute pleasure, a team of professionals like this not seen too often.
Chris was in constant communication prior to the job and was flexible in his timing to best suit my needs. Chris arrived ontime, was curteous and did the job promptly with excellent results. I would have no reservations in recommending Chris to family or friends.
Get your job done right
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Botany, NSW
This job is just to stretch a very small bedroom carpet.
The room is empty gripper and underlay existing, new carpet cut and laid ..... Just needs stretching on one possibly two walls. Just a 2 min...


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Shares of NASDAQ OMX Rise Above Previous 52-Week High
NASDAQ OMX (NASDAQ:NDAQ) traded at a new 52-week high today of $68.66. So far today approximately 77,000 shares have been exchanged, as compared to an average 30-day volume of 1.1 million shares.
In the past 52 weeks, NASDAQ OMX share prices have been bracketed by a low of $47.81 and a high of $68.66 and are now at $67.70, 42% above that low price. Over the last five market days, the 200-day moving average (MA) has gone up 0.4% while the 50-day MA has remained constant.
NASDAQ OMX (NASDAQ:NDAQ) defies analysts with a current price ($67.70) 10.3% above its average consensus price target of $60.73. The stock should discover initial support at its 50-day moving average (MA) of $64.51 and subsequent support at its 200-day MA of $58.05.
The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. is a global exchange group that delivers trading, exchange technology, securities listing, and public company services across multiple continents. The Exchange's offerings include trading across multiple asset classes, market data products, financial indexes, capital formation solutions, financial services and market technology products and services.
SmarTrend is monitoring the recent change of momentum in NASDAQ OMX. Please refer to our Company Overview for the results of our proprietary technical indicators that have been scanning shares of NASDAQ OMX in search of a potential trend change.
Keywords: 52 week high/lows nasdaq omx
Ticker(s): NDAQ


text: I formated my pc and forgot to unauthorize so when conecting to itunes 9 apps got erased saying I dont have permission I found out i could authorize for another pc so used that and could transfer the 9 apps back to ipod But i have a problem All apps work fine except Poof.app when start it goes back to springboard nothing happens. I tried change some permission in finder but didnt work (not realy sure how to change permission there is like 9 buttons there) So how do i get poof.app to work again without restoring my itouch In finder whats currious is that the Icon for Poof has disapeared and instead there is a "?" for that icon. could the poof.app have been corrupted and how do i restore it. Anyway reinstalling poof.app from a manual installation using [PIRACY.rs]+total commander instead of downloading it from cydia Please help i need to fix poof.app many apps i have hidden ------------------double post merged------------------i SOLVED it , was the permission that was screwed fixed it by setting permission on poof.app to 755 found the solution here: http://www.macuarium.com/foro/index.php?showtopic=262411


text:
Business owner of A Scents Worth, an aromatherapy and essential oil company
Website: www.eo4life.com
Specialties: Acrylic Painting, Portraits, Abstractions, and Drawing
All work in this gallery is the original artwork of Regina Brandt. All images in this gallery are protected by US and International Copyright laws (Copyright 2009).
My earliest memories of drawing and being interested in art started at a very early age. When I was a child (4 or 5 years of age), I can remember watching my oldest sister draw and asking her to show me how. I was also very interested in music, because I grew up performing and singing in my family's band.
My media of choice is Acrylic painting, but I have worked with pastels, watercolor, 2 dimensional design, pen and ink, pencil drawings, markers, collage, etc. I prefer working on a large-scale stretched canvas and using acrylic paints. My strength is in painting portraits, and I will do artwork on commission. I have displayed my artwork at local galleries and state competition and would like to get more involved in displaying my art work in the future.


text:
Arnica montana
Arnica comes from several species of the daisy-like genus Arnica, native to high mountains of western North America.
advertisementAre You Getting The Herbs and Supplements You Need? Everyone's dietary needs are different based on a number of factors including lifestyle, diet, medications and more. To find out which herbs and supplements are right for right for you, take the Weil Vitamin Advisor.
Used for:
Tincture of arnica is an external remedy for bruises, sprains, and sore muscles and joints. It is made by crushing whole plants and soaking them in alcohol.
Available in:
Tincture, homeopathic ointment, cream, salve and pills
Herb / drug interactions:
Some people are sensitive to the compound helenalin found in arnica. If you develop a mild rash, then you are probably helenalin-sensitive and should stop using arnica.
Other safety concerns:
Arnica is toxic if it gets inside the body. Never apply arnica in any form on broken skin or on an open wound. Never take arnica internally unless it's in the form of homeopathic pills that contain too little arnica to cause harm.
When buying:
Look for pure arnica extract, homeopathic pills with 30x dilution, or topical applications. Both the plant and tincture have a characteristic, pleasant smell. You can buy tincture of arnica in herb stores and some drugstores.
External ointments and tinctures: Rub or massage arnica tincture freely onto injured area, only if skin isn't broken. Arnica compresses: Mix 1 tablespoon of arnica tincture in 1 pint of purified water. Dip a gauze pad in the mixture, then put it on the arthritic joint or bruised area. Homeopathic arnica pills: Pour 4 pills into the cap of the bottle, them toss them into your mouth, under the tongue. (Never handle homeopathic pills, in order to preserve their energetic qualities.) The pills can be taken every two hours for the first 24 hours after the injury, but not within a half-hour of eating. Use the 30x dilution as a first aid treatment for minor injury and prior to dental work to reduce bruising.
Child dosage:
Half the adult dose


text:
Score +1
Thread DetailsLast Edited by BeAuMaN September 5, 2016 at 12:34 AM
Big Boys Sizes 10 & 12 are being sold for about $20 with free shipping for Amazon Prime members. All other sizes cost at least twice as much.
4.5 stars out of 23 reviews.
Calvin Klein Boys' CK Single-Breasted Pinstripe Jacket [amazon.com]


text:
Innovative Photo Booth Business
Worcester, Worcestershire, England
Asking price: £8,500 Price Reduced Annual Turnover: £12,000
Business Description
Intelligent Business Transfer are excited to offer to the market this superb opportunity to acquire a profitable photo booth business, based in the West Midlands.
They have been established for approximately two years and have experienced instant success. The business offers a fun and unique photo booth experience for various different events and enjoys a vast amount of regular and repeat custom and can boast a large number of advanced bookings.
Despite having the perfect foundations for success there are several ways a potential buyer could further increase the sales figures. They could advertise the business more effectively via social media and at various wedding fares to increase their sales revenue. A potential buyer could also choose to offer their services to other areas.
The business currently appears on the first page on Google when searching for related items, this is an excellent use of online marketing as it provides the business with a regular flow of customers to the website.
The annual turnover of the business for 2014 was in the region of £12,000 and can boast impressive profit margins due to the minimal overheads of the business.
It is with a heavy heart that the current owner is willing to sell the business to pursue other business interests. This business would suit an entrepreneur or a couple with the drive and energy to implement the changes mentioned above and help it fulfil its huge potential.
Website - http://www.flash-pix-photobooths.co.uk/
Listed by:
Find out more about this business for sale opportunity by submitting the form below.
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Anna Matthews @annamatthewsss – A+ Personality presented by @mixedmagazine
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Cyn Santana @Cyn_Santana "in Black Lingerie" courtesy of Show Magazine (Web Exclusives)
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Kaeo Black @TKOBlack – Show Magazine #25 (Web Exclusive)
Kaeo is back to work folks and her are some samples from her Show Magazine Issue #25 spread. The Web Exclusives. Follow Kaeo Black via twitter @TKOBlack also check her out on instagram @tkoblack Hii ☺ My name is Kaeo Black and I am a So Cal native, LA baby!
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Candy Richards also known as "Junk" is best known for appearing on VH-1s Real Chance of Love 2. Though the Stallionaires named her for her well-endowed rear end, Candy proves to be much more than a pretty face and great body. Candy was also a radio personality in Greensboro, NC
Jolina Ford @JolinaB featured in Show Magazine 25 (Web Exclusives)
Jolina was raised in Argentina. As a kid she was very active in sports like Volleyball and Gymnastics . She was also very developed in Arts. After finishing school in Buenos Aires , she moved to London , UK and continued her University studies over there . While still studying
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Jessenia Vice @JesseniaVice in "Black Lingerie" presented Show Magazine (Web Exclusives Set 2)
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Summary The Consumer and Market Insights: Hot Drinks Market in Germany report published by Canadean provides in-depth information on value and volume data by category and distribution channel. Leading brands, the most opportunistic foodservice channels, and packaging material and container consumption are also covered. Key Findings - The economic uncertainty in the Euro Zone has affected Germany's economic growth - The Hot Drinks market will register higher value and volume growth during 2014-2019 compared to 2009-2014 - Hot Coffee, the largest value category in on-trade sales will register the highest growth in the Hot Drinks market in 2014-2019 - Hypermarkets and Supermarkets is the leading distribution channel in the German Hot Drinks market - Paper and Board will continue to be the most commonly used Packaging Material during 2014-2019 - Private label Hot Drinks registered growth at a CAGR of 1.1% during 2011-2014 Synopsis The report on the Hot Drinks sector in Germany provides insights on high growth categories to target, trends in the usage of packaging materials, types, closures, and information on category level distribution and brands market shares. What else is contained? - Market data: Overall market value and volume data with growth analysis for 2014-2019 - Category coverage: Value and growth analysis for Hot Coffee, Hot Tea and Other Hot Drinks, with inputs on individual segment share within each category and the change in their market share forecast for 2014-2019 - Leading players: Market share of brands and private labels, private label growth analysis during 2011-2014 - Distribution data: Value shares within each category through channels such as Hypermarkets and Supermarkets, Convenience Stores, Food and Drinks Specialists and more - Packaging data: usage of different packaging materials and containers in each category, in terms of percentage share of number of units sold. Packaging materials: flexible packaging, rigid plastics, rigid metal and others; containers: tray, tub, foil and others Reasons To Buy - Identify high potential categories and explore further market opportunities based on detailed value and volume analysis - Existing and new players can analyse key distribution channels to identify and evaluate trends and opportunities - Gain an understanding of the total competitive landscape based on detailed brand share analysis to plan effective market positioning - Access the key and most influential consumer trends driving Hot Drinks consumption, and how they influence consumer behavior in the market which will help determine the best audiences to target - Our team of analysts have placed a significant emphasis on changes expected in the market that will provide a clear picture of the opportunities that can be tapped over the next five years, resulting in revenue expansion
Table Of ContentsIntroduction
Report introduction and definitions
Market Overview
Macroeconomic indicators - Population and age structure, GDP and Consumer Price Index
National retail and foodservice figures - Key Takeouts
Market value and volume for the Germany Hot Drinks market
Historical and projected consumption in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Degree of trade up/down-trade in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Market volume of Germany Hot Drinks by category
Historical and project market value of Germany Hot Drinks by category
Winners and losers in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Segment share of the category and change in market share in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Category level pricing in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Retailer and packaging
Leading retailers in the Germany food market
Leading distribution channels in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Leading distribution channels by category in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Germany Hot Drinks market by type of packaging
Germany Hot Drinks market by type of packaging closure/outer
Germany Hot Drinks market by type of packaging, forecasted
Private label performance compared to national brands in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Leading companies in the Germany Hot Drinks market by category
Leading brands in the Germany Hot Drinks market by category
Consumer trend analysis
Canadean's consumer trend framework and explanation of the sub-trends
For key trends in the Germany Hot Drinks market
How the trend is influencing consumption in the Germany Hot Drinks market
How to target the trend in the Germany Hot Drinks market
How the trend will evolve in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Key target demographic and the rate and which the trend will evolve
Key drivers in the market that will increasingly influence consumption
Innovation examples
New product examples launched in the Germany Hot Drinks market
Country context
Sector overview
Category data
Segment data
Packaging data
Category definitions
Segment definitions
Channel definitions
About CanadeanList Of TablesTable 1: Country indicators - overall beverages value and volume, 2014
Table 2: Market value analysis in EUR and USD, 2009-2019
Table 3: Market volume growth analysis, 2014-2019
Table 4: Average prices (EUR) by category, 2014
Table 5: Segment level analysis by category, 2014
Table 6: Leading retailers and store count
Table 7: Leading brands by category, 2014List Of FiguresFigure 1: Macro economic analysis: GDP per capita, Population , CPI(2009-2014), Age Profile (2014)
Figure 2: Foodservice transactions by sectors, profit and cost, 2014
Figure 3: Market value (EUR, USD) and volume analysis, 2009-2019
Figure 4: Consumers purchase behavior - Trading up/down, 2014
Figure 5: Market volume share analysis by categories, 2014
Figure 6: Growth analysis by category, 2009-2019
Figure 7: Change in market share by category, 2014-2019
Figure 8: Leading distribution channels, overall beverages, 2010-2013
Figure 9: Leading distribution channels by category, 2014
Figure 10: Packaging analysis - key packaging material, type, closure and outer, 2014
Figure 11: Growth in key packaging material, type, closure and outer, 2014-2019
Figure 12: Brand share growth, 2011-2014
Figure 13: Brand share analysis by categories, 2014
Figure 14: Examples - new product development


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|President's Column 1/19/06
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Preventive Medicine 2006?
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Neal Kohatsu, MD, MPH, FACPM
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You can get involved in College activities including policy development by attending business meetings and by becoming active in one or more committees. You can also participate in meetings of the ACPM Medical Student Section, Association of Preventive Medicine Residents, Young Physicians' Section, American Association of Public Health Physicians, and the American College of Medical Quality.
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I look forward to seeing you in Reno at Preventive Medicine 2006!


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I left Gwent College of Art and Design in 1980. Since then I have been a practising artist, exhibiting regularly throughout Britain. I have been largely involved with public art.
-I have worked for:
Common Ground,Sustrans,Cywaith Cymru Artwork Wales, Cardiff Bay Arts Trust, Forest Enterprise, Woodland trust, South East Wales Arts Association, Groundwork Coventry, Public Arts Commissions Agency, Public Art Development Trust, Artpoint, Commissions East , WS Atkins, Bovis, Percy Thomas Architects,. Numerous Arts Association, Borough and County councils.
-I have had work commissioned for America and worked at the Academy of Fine Arts Pennsylvania as an exchange artist.
-I have lectured, given seminars and held workshops on Public Art at many Art Colleges and Universities throughout Britain.
- prizewinner National Eisteddfod 1993. Short listed for BBC Wales artist of the year 1995
1993-95 I was 'Project Artist' for two years at Weston super Mare..
1995-1998 -Midland Metro in the West Midlands. This includes carrying out commissions, commissioning artists and being part of the grand design..
1996 -I collaborated with the Poet Jamie Mckendrick on work for the Oxford Canal, a series of linear sculptural projects for Artpoint.
1998/99 -lead artist for the redevelopment of the high street in Buckfastleigh.
1999 -lead artist for a Town trail through Newbury.
1999-2000 -lead artist for magdalene and bridge st, Cambridge.
2000 -lead artist on the Millenium in Llanelli. 23km of coastal path. Signage/Waymarkers.
2000-2001 -Year of the Artist project: Hestercombe House 'Genius Loci'
2001 -Year of the Artist project: Bus stop gallery. Sound collaboration with John Nuttgens
2000-2004 -lead artist: Exmouth Regeneration with Sebastien Boyesen
2001-2004 -Cotswold Water Park. Genius Loci team. Lead Artist on Catseye Cycle path project.
2002-2003 -lead artist: Taunton Deane information points:
2002-2004 -Grange Park, Northampton. Village Green Project.
2002 -UNESCO World Heritage Site. Dorset and East Devon Coastal Path. Geoneedle sculpture.
2002-03 -Southmead,Bristol. Badocks wood bronze age mound memorial sculpture
2003 -Wiveliscombe, Somerset. Tourist information point.
2003-04 -lead artist: AONB Mendips.
2004-05 -lead artist: Tintagel.
2005-10 -lead artist: Blackdown hills ridge route
2007-08 -lead artist: Heavitree regeneration scheme. Exeter.
2008-09 -Witney: Oxfordshire
2008-09 -Pound art centre, Corsham Wiltshire
2009-10 -Devon Wildlife Trust. Design grounds
Hestercombe: Genius Loci project. Greenham Common: Fuel tank installation. Hurstone studios: Goyle project. Bus stop Gallery: Touring exhibition in collaboration with John Nuttgens Labculture 2002: Vivid Birmingham. Bands: Tapes+Ashes, (http://www.myspace.com/tapesandashes) Gimlet Eyed Mariners.
-I have worked in America, Italy, Russia and France


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Betty Pettersson
Betty Maria Carolina Pettersson (Visby 14 September 1838–7 February Stockholm 1885), was a Swedish teacher. She became the first official female university student in Sweden in 1871. She was the first female student of Uppsala University, the first woman in Sweden to have graduated from a university, and the first woman to have been a teacher at a gymnasium.
Betty Pettersson was born to the saddle maker Olof Pettersson and Magdalena Sofia Carolina Kullberg in Visby. She was not born in to a wealthy family, however, when she was discovered to be a talented student, she was given the opportunity to study at a private girl school in Visby, were normally only pupils from wealthy families were accepted. As an adult, she worked as a governess for several different families from the nobility from the 1850s onward.
By a reform in 1870, women were given the right to study at universities. Pettersson was accepted as a student the same year, though she did not begun her studies at the first attempt. She graduated from Nya elementarskolan in Stockholm 16 May 1871 as the first of her sex to do so: this being a school for males, and no Gymnasium (school) being available yet for women, she was forced to study in private, as a so-called privatist, and then graduate from the school: Wallinska skolan was to be the first girl school given the right to issue first professional degrees in 1874. Again a pioneer, she was accepted at Uppsala university 27 February 1872. Finally, she became historical upon her graduation on 28 January 1875. She was met with a great deal of dislike from many male fellow students.
After graduation, she worked as a teacher at a Gymnasium (school) for boys, the Ladugårdslands lägre elementarläroverk, from 1877 until 1884. She was again a pioneer as the first female teacher at a Gymnasium (school). As a person, she was described as dutiful, popular among her students and as a skillful educator. As a teacher, she was described: "To this her call she gave her entire soul; further more, she had the ability, in a very high degree, to win the trust and affection of her pupils and through this she influenced their conduct in no less degree; her class was always notable for its good order and conduct." [1]
Betty Pettersson died of consumption.
Betty was a member of Gotland nation and the nation today names its pub 'Bettys' after her.
See also[edit]
- Aurora Liljenroth, the first female in Sweden to have graduated from a Gymnasium (school) in 1788.
- ^ Betty M C Pettersson, urn:sbl:7224, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Britta Lövgren), hämtad 2015-06-16.
- Österberg, Carin et al., Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare (Swedish women: Predecessors, successors) Lund: Signum 1990. (ISBN 91-87896-03-6) (In Swedish)
- Betty M C Pettersson, urn:sbl:7224, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Britta Lövgren), hämtad 2015-06-16.
|This biographical article about a Swedish academic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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- †
Received 21 December 1992. Accepted 5 May 1995.
We thank Esther Bonneau and Sonia Michaud for assistance in the laboratory and S. Demers, T. Packard, W. Vincent, J-C. Therriault, M. Babin, J A. Berges, and anonymous reviewers for suggesting improvements, to earlier drafts of this paper.
We examined the energetic dependency of the biochemical and physiological responses of Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle and Heimdal. Chaetoceros gracilis Schütt, Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher, and Gymnodinium sanguineum Hirasaka to NH4+, NO3−, and urea by growing them at subsaturating and saturating photon flux (PF). At subsaturating PF, when energy was limiting, NO3− and NH4+ grown cells had similar growth rates and C and X quotas. Therefore, NO3− grown cells used up to 48% more energy than NH4+ grown cells to assimilate carbon and nitrogen. Based on our measurements of pigments, chlorophyll-a-specific in vivo absorption cross-section, and fluorescence-chlorophyll a−1, we suggest that NO3−, grown cells do not compensate for the greater energy requirements of NO3− reduction by trapping more light energy. At saturating PF, when energy is not limiting, the utilization of NO3−, compared to NH4+ resulted in lower growth rates and N quotas in Thalassiosira pseudonana and lower N quotas in Chaetoceros gracilis, suggesting enzymatic rather than energetic limitations to growth. The utilization of urea compared to Nh4+ resulted in lower growth rates in Chaetoceros gracilis and Gymnodinium sanguineum (saturating PF) and in lower N quotas in all species tested at both subsaturating and saturating PF. The high C:N ratios observed in all urea-grown species suggest that nitrogen assimilation may be limited by urea uptake or deamination and that symptoms of N limitation in microalgae may be induced by the nature of the N source in addition to the N supply rate. Our results provide new eridence that the maximum growth rates of microalgae may be limited by enzymatic processes associated with the assimilation of NO3−, or urea.


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*fn6,The opinion of the court was delivered by: Reggie B. Walton United States District Judge,MELODIA PHILLIPS O/B/O T.P., A MINOR, PLAINTIFF, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ET AL., DEFENDANTS." />
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United States District Court, District of Columbia
March 25, 2013
MELODIA PHILLIPS o/b/o T.P., a minor, Plaintiff,v.DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, et al., Defendants
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[Copyrighted Material Omitted]
Page 44
For MELODIA PHILLIPS, parent and next friend of T.P., Plaintiff: Robert W. Jones, Roxanne Denise Neloms, LEAD ATTORNEYS, JAMES E. BROWN & ASSOCIATES, PLLC, Washington, DC.
For DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, A Municipal Corporation, Defendant: Laura George, LEAD ATTORNEY, OFFICE OF ATTORNEY GENERAL, Washington, DC; Veronica A. Porter, LEAD ATTORNEY, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Public Interest Division, Washington, DC.
For MICHELLE RHEE, (Officially) Chancellor, D.C. Public Schools, Defendant: Laura George, Richard Allan Latterell, LEAD ATTORNEYS, OFFICE OF ATTORNEY GENERAL, Washington, DC; Veronica A. Porter, LEAD ATTORNEY, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Public Interest Division, Washington, DC.
Page 45
REGGIE B. WALTON, United States District Judge.
Melodia Phillips, the plaintiff in this case, brings this action on behalf of her son, T.P., seeking compensatory education for him under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (the " IDEA" ), 20 U.S.C. § § 1400-1491 (2006). See First Amended Complaint for Declaratory Judgment, Injunctive and Other Relief ¶ ¶ 46-55. Currently before the Court are the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment and the defendants' cross-motion for summary judgment. Upon careful consideration of the parties' submissions, [1] the Court concludes for the following reasons that it must deny the plaintiff's motion and grant the defendants' cross-motion.
This is the latest chapter in a protracted effort by the plaintiff to ensure that her son, T.P., receives an adequate education in the wake of his 2004 diagnosis of having juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pl.'s Facts ¶ ¶ 1-12. At this advanced stage of the litigation, the following facts are already established and accepted by both parties: T.P. has a medical condition that entitles him to a " free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet [his] unique needs and prepare [him] for further education, employment, and independent living" (" FAPE" ) under the IDEA, 20 U.S.C. § 1400(d)(1)(A). See Defs.' Mem. at 13; Pl.'s Facts ¶ ¶ 4, 8, 10. The defendants denied T.P. a FAPE from August, 2004 to March, 2006. Defs.' Mem. at 13;
Page 46
Pl.'s Facts ¶ ¶ 4-8. T.P. now has access to a FAPE, at the defendants' expense, through his education at the Katherine Thomas School, a special education school, and has had access to those services since his enrollment there in 2006. Pl.'s Facts ¶ ¶ 1, 8; A.R. at 1076. The only remaining question in this case is whether T.P is entitled to " compensatory education" for harm caused by the previous denial of services. [2]
In a prior opinion, this Court held that the plaintiff had thus far " failed to present evidence that would allow the Hearing Officer or the Court to properly craft a compensatory award that comports with the IDEA" and consequently remanded the case to the Hearing Officer for further development of the factual record. Phillips ex rel. T.P. v. Dist. of Columbia, 736 F.Supp.2d 240, 250 (D.D.C. 2010). To that end, the Hearing Officer convened a hearing on November 16, 2010. A.R. at 1064. The plaintiff called three witnesses from the Katherine Thomas School to testify about T.P.'s condition: the school's education director, an occupational therapist, and a speech-language pathologist. Id. The witnesses testified that T.P. continues to struggle with his disability at the special education school, see A.R., Transcript of November 16, 2010 Hearing (" November 16, 2010 Hr'g Tr." ) at 46-185, and indicated that it was possible, but not certain, that his struggles stem from the original denial of a FAPE, id. at 133 (testimony of occupational therapist) (" [L]ack of movement in younger years can certainly be a piece leading to that kind of deficit" ); id. at 153-58 (testimony of occupational therapist) (concluding that T.P. " lost a lot of range of motion and skills" during the 18 months without occupational therapy, but explaining that " it's very difficult to know how [T.P.] would have responded [to earlier treatment,] or if what I'm saying now is a result of that lack of services or just a result of the disability" ); id. at 172-73 (testimony of speech-language pathologist) (" I can't make any statements about [how T.P. would have responded to earlier treatment]. All I can say is that children usually do make progress with early intervention services." ). The plaintiff also presented a compensatory education plan created by the witnesses and other staff at the Katherine Thomas School. A.R. at 763-97. The Hearing Officer found all three witnesses credible, id. at 1079, but concluded that the witnesses " did not establish that the student's current deficits are related to, much less the result of, a denial of FAPE," id. at 814.
Instead, the Hearing Officer determined that the case would require " an evaluator or team of evaluators who possess knowledge and expertise in childhood development" in order " to ascertain how the lack of early intervention impacted the Student or any student with similar disabilities." Id. at 815. The Hearing Officer instructed each party to propose three evaluators or teams of evaluators, from which one would be chosen to evaluate the student at the defendants' expense. Id. at 816. The defendants opposed the Hearing Officer's plan, and moved this Court for an " Order of Clarification" that appointing an independent evaluator at the defendants' expense was outside the scope of the Hearing Officer's authority. Id. at 821-22. The Court denied the motion, holding that, " [t]o ensure that the plaintiff has been provided an adequate opportunity to supplement the record with . . . evidence, the Hearing Officer must be free to order any relief that she believes would assist the plaintiff in developing her case for an
Page 47
award of compensatory education." Id. at 822. Following the Court's ruling, the defendants proposed three evaluators to the Hearing Officer, id. at 824-46, and the plaintiff proposed five, id. at 853. The Hearing Officer rejected the defendants' evaluators, id. at 852-53, and instead selected Dr. William Ling, a clinical psychologist proposed by the plaintiff, to conduct the evaluation, id. at 856.
Dr. Ling evaluated T.P. and prepared a 42-page report on T.P.'s condition, see id. at 868-909, and he orally presented his findings at a second hearing on April 8, 2011. See A.R., Transcript of April 8, 2011 Hearing (" April 8, 2011 Hr'g Tr." ) at 34-69. Dr. Ling testified that " [t]he question of whether or not [T.P.'s] issues were a result of any failure on the part of [the defendants] is a problematic question." Id. at 38. He found that, during the 2004-2006 denial period, T.P. " was receiving services from [the] Hospital for Sick Children approximately three to four times a week." Id. at 39. " Given the fact that [T.P.] was showing speech and language issues by the time of July 2005," Dr. Ling explained, " the testing data would suggest that--and the record would suggest that he was showing these difficulties even despite a level of service that was being given to him." Id. From this, Dr. Ling concluded that " even if [the defendants] had identified [T.P.] as being eligible for services [from the outset], chances are he would have gotten that level of service which is approximately equivalent to the level of service he was receiving at [the] Hospital for Sick Children throughout that period of time," and thus that " it's very difficult to identify a compensatory education plan." Id. at 40.
At the conclusion of the April 8 hearing, the parties and Hearing Officer discussed a claim by the plaintiff that she was entitled to reimbursement for expenses she incurred personally while seeking replacement services for the services denied by the defendants during the 2004-2006 period--a claim which, apparently, had been raised at some point shortly before the hearing. See id. at 70-92. The Hearing Officer determined over the defendants' objection that any reimbursement claims were long since waived, id. at 76, that Dr. Ling would have to be consulted again to determine whether the bills presented by the plaintiff were related to the procedures that Ling found had mitigated the damage caused by the denial of a specialized education, id. at 71, 73. After reviewing the plaintiff's complete accounting of personal expenditures to be reimbursed, A.R. at 935-38, and the medical documents supporting those claims, id. at 939-90, Dr. Ling concluded that all of the services obtained independently by the plaintiff were provided by the National Integrated Health Associations, " a clinic which specializes in . . . alternative medical treatments . . . to augment treatment provided through allopa[th]ic or Western medical interventions," id. at 999. Those treatments, he explained, were not " recommended or prescribed for [T.P.] through the services offered from [the] Hospital for Sick Children," and it was " highly unlikely that, on its own, [the defendants], or any public school, would offer access to [them]." Id. Thus, he made " no connection between what . . . was identified as needing to be offered to [T.P.] over the period of 19 August 2004 to February 2006, and the invoices/receipts provided." Id. [3]
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The parties presented closing arguments at a final hearing on January 12, 2012, id. at 1068, and the Hearing Officer issued her opinion on February 23, 2012, id. at 1063-83. The Hearing Officer found that the plaintiff was not entitled to compensatory education because she failed to " describe how the recommended services would address the deficits that resulted from the denial of [a] FAPE, or even identify any deficits that resulted from the denial . . . ." Id. at 1082. The Hearing Officer further found that the plaintiff was not entitled to reimbursement of personal expenses because she " failed to present any evidence or testimony to establish that the services described in the treatment records and invoices were provided to [T.P.], or that the same services that the Neuropsychology Expert found had ameliorated the harm from the denial of [a] FAPE." Id. at 1083.
The parties have now filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The plaintiff asks the Court to overturn the Hearing Officer's decision, arguing that the testimony of the three witnesses called at the November 16, 2010 hearing is sufficient evidence to support an order of compensatory education, Pl.'s Mem. at 8-13; that the Hearing Officer failed to consider important elements of Dr. Ling's testimony, id. at 13-14; that the Hearing Officer improperly delegated the decision-making process to Dr. Ling, id. at 14; and that reimbursement of personal expenses is appropriate because the services obtained by the plaintiff were necessary to place T.P. in the same position he would have been in but for the denial of a FAPE, id. at 15-16. The defendants, on the other hand, contend that the plaintiff's witnesses failed to provide a concrete link between the plaintiff's compensatory education plan and the harm caused by the original FAPE denial, Defs.' Mem. at 13-14; that the Hearing Officer's consideration of Dr. Ling's testimony was thorough and not inappropriately deferential, id. at 15-17; and that the plaintiff forewent repeated opportunities to provide proper evidence to support her claim for reimbursement, id. at 17-19.
Summary judgment is proper when the moving party " shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). In IDEA cases in which " neither party seeks to present additional evidence, a motion for summary judgment 'operates as a motion for judgment based on the evidence comprising the record.'" Parker v. Friendship Edison Pub. Charter Sch., 577 F.Supp.2d 68, 72 (D.D.C. 2008) (citations omitted); Phillips, 736 F.Supp.2d at 246.
The IDEA permits " any party aggrieved by the findings and decision" of a hearing officer to " bring a civil action" in state or federal court. 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2)(A). The reviewing court " (i) shall receive the records of the administrative proceedings; (ii) shall hear additional evidence at the request of a party; and (iii) basing its decision on the preponderance of the evidence, shall grant such relief as the court determines is appropriate." 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2)(C). Under this standard, the reviewing court owes the Hearing Officer " 'less deference than is conventional' in administrative proceedings." Reid ex rel. Reid v. Dist. of Columbia, 401 F.3d 516, 521, 365 U.S. App. D.C. 234 (D.C. Cir. 2005) (quoting Kerkam v. McKenzie, 862 F.2d 884, 887, 274 U.S. App. D.C. 139 (D.C. Cir. 1989) (" Kerkam I" ). And " a hearing decision 'without reasoned and specific findings deserves little deference.'" Id. (quoting Kerkam v. Superintendent, D.C. Pub. Schs.,
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931 F.2d 84, 87, 289 U.S. App. D.C. 239 (D.C. Cir. 1991) (" Kerkam II " ).
Nevertheless, " the provision that a reviewing court base its decision on the 'preponderance of the evidence' is by no means an invitation to the courts to substitute their own notions of sound educational policy for those of the school authorities which they review." Bd. of Educ. of Hendrick Hudson Cent. Sch. Dist., Westchester Cty. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176, 206, 102 S.Ct. 3034, 73 L.Ed.2d 690 (1982) (internal citations omitted). The party challenging a hearing officer's determination must " at least take on the burden of persuading the court that the hearing officer was wrong, and . . . a court upsetting the officer's decision must at least explain its basis for doing so." Reid, 401 F.3d at 521 (quoting Kerkam I, 862 F.2d at 887). " '[F]actual findings from the administrative proceeding are to be considered prima facie correct.'" Roark ex rel. Roark v. Dist. of Columbia, 460 F.Supp.2d 32, 38 (D.D.C. 2006) (quoting S.H. v. State-Operated Sch. Dist. of the City of Newark, 336 F.3d 260, 270 (3d Cir. 2003)). A court must " defer to the [hearing officer's] factual findings unless it can point to contrary nontestimonial extrinsic evidence on the record." Savoy v. Dist. of Columbia, 844 F.Supp.2d 23, 30 (D.D.C. 2012) (quoting S.H., 336 F.3d at 270).
The stated purpose of the IDEA is " to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living." 20 U.S.C. § 1400(d)(1)(A). To achieve this guarantee, the statute requires states and the District of Columbia to, at a minimum, " provid[e] personalized instruction with sufficient support services to permit the child to benefit educationally." Rowley, 458 U.S. at 203. The special instruction and services " must be provided at public expense, must meet the State's educational standards, must approximate the grade levels used in the State's regular education, and must comport with the child's [individualized educational program]."
In this Circuit, a student can receive compensatory education as a remedy for an IDEA violation. See Reid, 401 F.3d at 523 (" [W]e therefore join our sister circuits and hold that compensatory education awards fit comfortably within the 'broad discretion' of courts fashioning and enforcing IDEA remedies." ) (citations omitted). " Compensatory education" is a " replacement of education services the student should have received in the first place." Id. at 518. In cases in which a compensatory education is sought, " the hearing officer first determines whether there is sufficient evidence of an IDEA violation that entitles the student to a compensatory education." Banks ex rel. D.B. v. Dist. of Columbia, 720 F.Supp.2d 83, 90 (D.D.C. 2010) (citation omitted). " If the hearing officer determines there was such a violation, then the hearing officer applies the Reid standard to craft an award." Id. (citation omitted).
Under the Reid standard, " the ultimate award must be reasonably calculated to provide the educational benefits that likely would have accrued from special education services the school district should have supplied in the first place." Reid, 401 F.3d at 524. The determination of the award is " a fact specific exercise of discretion by either the district court or a hearing officer." Id. " Just as [individualized education plans] focus on disabled students' individual needs, so must awards
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compensating past violations rely on individualized assessments." Id. Thus, courts should not accept " cookie-cutter approach[es]" based on " hour-for-hour formula[s]" to craft appropriate remedies, id. at 523, and instead should employ a " flexible approach" that " will produce different results in different cases depending on the child's needs," id. at 524.
" 'Even if entitlement to an award is shown through a denial of a free and appropriate public education, it may be conceivable that no compensatory education is required for the denial of a FAPE either because it would not help or because the student has flourished in his current placement.'" Cousins v. Dist. of Columbia, 880 F.Supp.2d 142, 145 n.3 (D.D.C. 2012) (citation and brackets omitted); accord Johnson v. Dist. of Columbia, No. 11-0894, 2012 WL 3758240, at *8 (D.D.C. Feb. 15, 2012), rep. & rec. adopted, 873 F.Supp.2d 382 (D.D.C. 2012); Gill v. Dist. of Columbia, 751 F.Supp.2d 104, 113 (D.D.C. 2010), aff'd, 2011 WL 3903367 (D.C. Cir. Aug. 16, 2011); Anthony v. Dist. of Columbia, 463 F.Supp.2d 37, 44 (D.D.C. 2006); Thomas v. Dist. of Columbia, 407 F.Supp.2d 102, 115 (D.D.C. 2005); Wheaten v. Dist. of Columbia, No. 09-986, 2010 WL 2990282, at *4 (D.D.C. July 26, 2010), aff'd, 2010 WL 5372181 (D.C. Cir. Dec. 28, 2010). Consistent with this principle, the Court noted in its prior opinion in this case that, " if on remand the plaintiff is unable to provide the Hearing Officer with additional evidence that demonstrates that additional educational services are necessary to compensate T.P. for the denial of a free and appropriate public education between August of 2004 and March of 2006, then the Hearing Officer may conclude that no compensatory award should issue." Phillips, 736 F.Supp.2d at 249 n.4. [4]
In light of the current legal authority on the subject, the Court cannot say that the Hearing Officer's decision was incorrect. Applying Reid, the Hearing Officer found that " no compensatory education is required to compensate [T.P.] for the denial of [a] FAPE because any deficiencies he suffered already have been mitigated." A.R. at 1082. Under this reasoning, since T.P.'s deficiencies were already mitigated, he is in " the same position [he] would have occupied but for the school district's violations of IDEA." Reid, 401 F.3d at 518. This decision was not " without reasoned and specific findings." Id. at 521 (quoting Kerkam II, 931 F.2d at 87). The Hearing Officer specifically considered all of the submitted evidence in her final opinion, A.R. at 1081-83, and made detailed factual findings regarding T.P.'s condition, id. at 1069-79. And her ultimate conclusion that T.P.'s current difficulties do not stem from the original denial of a FAPE is supported directly by the testimony of Dr. Ling. See A.R., April 8, 2011 Hr'g Tr. at 40.
The plaintiff's arguments to the contrary are insufficient to justify reversal of the Hearing Officer's decision. The testimony of the three witnesses from the Katherine Thomas School is, at best, equivocal. See, e.g., A.R., November 16, 2010 Hr'g Tr. at 153-58 (testimony of occupational therapist) (concluding T.P. " lost a lot of range of motion and skills" during the eighteen months without occupational therapy, but
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explaining that " it's very difficult to know how [T.P.] would have responded [to earlier treatment,] or if what I'm saying now is a result of that lack of services or just a result of the disability" ); id. at 172-73 (testimony of speech-language pathologist) (" I can't make any statements about [how T.P. would have responded to earlier treatment]. All I can say is that children usually do make progress with early intervention services." ). While the testimony could possibly be read to support an award of compensatory education, it is not the type of " contrary nontestimonial extrinsic evidence on the record" that warrants overturning a hearing officer's decision. Savoy, 844 F.Supp.2d at 30 (quoting S.H., 336 F.3d at 270). Nor does the testimony of those three witnesses, even read generously to imply that T.P.'s current struggles are linked to the original denial of a FAPE, comprise the full weight of evidence in this case; Dr. Ling's testimony supports the opposite conclusion, and does so with much more certainty. See A.R. at 868-909.
The plaintiff's criticism of the Hearing Officer's treatment of Dr. Ling's testimony is also unpersuasive. First, the plaintiff attaches undue significance to Dr. Ling's isolated comment that " whether or not [T.P.] was receiving specialized instruction [during the denial period] . . . is unclear." A.R., April 8, 2011 Hr'g Tr. at 41. The plaintiff is correct that, if T.P. were not receiving specialized instruction during the denial period, the Hearing Officer's mitigation finding would be considerably weakened. But uncertainty about whether services were provided does not equate to the absence of any services. Evidentiary perfection is unlikely in any case, let alone a case involving the reconstruction of a complicated, nine-year-long history. Both Dr. Ling and the Hearing Officer ultimately concluded, after careful consideration of the full body of evidence, that T.P. was receiving specialized instruction during the denial period. See id. at 42 (testimony of Dr. Ling) (" However, if you look at the record, what the record suggests is that he was receiving some sort of specialized instruction during the course of the time he was at the Kennedy Institute." ); A.R. at 1072, ¶ 10 (decision of Hearing Officer) (" [T]he student received some specialized instruction." ). And that finding has adequate foundation in the record. See, e.g., id. at 8 (Hospital for Sick Children " discharge summary" references services devoted to " educational goals" ); id. at 141 (psychological evaluation references T.P.'s experiences in a specialized classroom at the Kennedy Institute). Second, the plaintiff's claim that " the Hearing Officer relied on Dr. Ling's report to the exclusion of making a separate determination," Pl.'s Mem. at 14, conflicts with the administrative record below. The Hearing Officer considered separately and thoroughly the other evidence presented, see A.R. at 1078-79, ¶ ¶ 34-41; id. at 1081-82, and relied on Dr. Ling's testimony only for its factual determinations, drawing the ultimate legal conclusion herself, id. at 1082-83. Notably, it was the plaintiff who proposed Dr. Ling as an expert, id. at 853-54, and only questions the Hearing Officer's reliance on that testimony now that it undermines her litigation position.
It also bears emphasizing that the Hearing Officer repeatedly " 'provide[d] the parties additional time to supplement the record.'" Stanton ex rel. K.T. v. Dist. of Columbia, 680 F.Supp.2d 201, 207 (D.D.C. 2010) (quoting Friendship Edison Pub. Charter Sch. Collegiate Campus v. Nesbitt, 532 F.Supp.2d 121, 125 n.5 (D.D.C. 2008)). She specifically advised the plaintiff that her evidentiary support was insufficient at the November 16, 2010 hearing, A.R. at 1065; ordered the defendants to incur the cost of supplementing the evidence with a
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new expert evaluation, id. at 1065-66; selected the plaintiff's proposed expert (Dr. Ling) over the defendants', id. at 1066; and, at the conclusion of that expert's testimony, denied the defendants' motion for a directed finding because the plaintiff had not yet rested her case and could still present additional evidence, id. at 1068. At each stage the plaintiff failed to cure her evidentiary deficiency. This failure continues in the current proceeding, where, despite the IDEA's requirement that this Court " hear additional evidence at the request of a party," 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2)(B) (emphasis added), the plaintiff makes no such request and instead continues to rely on the same testimony rejected by the Hearing Officer below.
Finally, the Court turns to the plaintiff's claim for reimbursement. This claim comes with a host of possible problems, including whether it was raised too late and was thus waived under the statute of limitations; whether the services obtained by the plaintiff are non-compensable because they would have been unavailable from the defendants even under a fully realized specialized education program; and whether the kind of medical services obtained by the plaintiff are even covered by the IDEA. The Hearing Officer rejected the claim for a simpler reason: that the plaintiff " failed to present any evidence or testimony to establish that the services described in the treatment records and invoices were provided to the Student, or that the same services that the Neuropsychology Expert found had ameliorated the harm from the denial of [a] FAPE." A.R. at 1083. Instead, the evidence submitted by the plaintiff consisted of an assortment of medical invoices, with no indication of how they were connected to harm caused by the denial of a FAPE. Id. at 935-90. Because the plaintiff has presented no new evidence on this issue, the reasoned decision of the Hearing Officer on this issue will be affirmed. [5]
For the foregoing reasons, the Court concludes that the plaintiff has not met her " burden of persuading the court that the hearing officer was wrong." Reid, 401 F.3d at 521 (quoting Kerkam I, 862 F.2d at 887), and that the plaintiff therefore is entitled to neither compensatory education nor reimbursement of services obtained personally for her son, T.P. Accordingly, the Court will deny the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment and grant the defendants' motion for summary judgment.
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Gladiator (2000) HD Full Movie Watch Online Stream
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Story:Maximus is a effective Roman general, cherished with the aid of the people and the ageing Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. before his death, the Emperor chooses Maximus to be his heir over his personal son, Commodus, and a strength war leaves Maximus and his circle of relatives condemned to dying. The effective general is unable to keep his own family, and his loss of will allows him to get captured and put into the Gladiator games until he dies. The most effective desire that fuels him now could be the chance to upward thrust to the pinnacle so that he could be able to look into the eyes of the person who will feel his revenge.
Director:Ridley Scott
Writers:David Franzoni (story), David Franzoni (screenplay)
Stars:Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, Connie Nielsen
Official Sites:Official Facebook
Country:USA | UK
Release Date:5 May 2000 (USA)
Also Known As:The Gladiators
Filming Locations:Morocco
Box Office
Budget:$103,000,000 (estimated)
Opening Weekend:$34,819,017 (USA) (5 May 2000)
Gross:$187,670,866 (USA) (13 April 2001)
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DreamWorks SKG, Universal Pictures, Scott Free Productions
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Flowers Printed Paper Gift Bag, 4''W x 6''L, Sold in Packages of 100 pcs
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A month and a couple ruined shirts later, my DIY entertainment center is done!! Yay! More details can be found in my update post here, but basically we moved into this house about 9 years ago. The original owners built it with custom maple cabinets. They are really nice, but I really love a more clean look. So finally I got up enough courage to paint them. The entertainment center was nice, … [Read more...]
DIY Entertainment Unit Remodel — Reveal!!
Guest Project — $7 Yard Sale Nightstand Makeover!!
Hey Y'all! I'm Myra from The Casabella Project and My Blessed Life. I'm thrilled to be here at Tatertots and Jello! {Thank you, Jen!!} I'm a yard sale, thrift shop, spray paint, craft and decor junkie and I'm excited to share my yard sale nightstand makeover with you! … [Read more...]
Painting my door and stenciling a rug for my front porch!!
I painted my front door! It used to be this brown color. This picture is a couple years old and you can see even then there were some nicks in the paint. Suffice to say -- it needed a new paint job pretty badly!! I decided to go with black because it's classic. But my porch needed something to go with the new paint job. I have loved Cutting Edge Stencil's Houndstooth Stencil from the first … [Read more...]
Christmas Cookie Exchange, a Party Craft Idea and some winners!
It was so fun meeting new friends Tuesday at my Holiday Cookie Exchange. Thank you to everyone who came. And for those of you who couldn't come, I am hoping to make this an annual party, so maybe you will be able to join us next year! … [Read more...]
My Family Picture Wall Makeover
I have a built-in nook in my family room. I've never done much with it since we have lived here. Then I got my new canvas from the Canvas People and knew that I wanted to do something fun with that space. … [Read more...]
Guest Project — Create a Festive Candy Cane Holiday Sign!
Hi Tatertots and Jello Readers!! I'm so excited to be here today. My name is Bev and I blog over at Flamingo Toes. Flamingo Toes is my place to share sewing, crafting, and jewelry tutorials - as well as pretty much anything that pops into my head. Some of my favorite things to do are knockoffs - and that is what we are doing today! I have a fun Christmas Sign tutorial for you - my Candy … [Read more...]
My Pennant Pantry — plus a couple cool things!
I had a terrible sinus infection last week, and got all hyped up on Sudafed. On Friday night at eleven-o-clock I thought it would be an awesome idea to rip my pantry apart and paint it. So that's what I did. … [Read more...]
Guest Project – Old Hutch to Fabulous Beadboard Shelf!
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Gregg Girard's Stepping Forward Fund!
Let's show our support to Gregg Girard in his road to recovery!
On July 4th, 2014, Gregg suffered a hemorrhagic stroke that left him paralyzed on his left side. After months in the hospital, Gregg was able to return to the comfort of his home to continue his daily therapy. Gregg has a great attitude and is working hard in therapy towards a full recovery. He has is now able to take a few steps unassisted but is still confined to a wheelchair for most of the day to get around and he has no mobility in his arm. Although the road is long we believe with continued therapy Gregg will walk again and recover from this. Daily therapy is very expensive and costs around $1,000 a week. Please help us support Gregg is his recovery.
Gregg has touched so many lives in our community. I have never known him not to have a smile or a joke on hand for any occasion. His loyalty and love has been felt by many and this is our time to show him that love back. Whether its $5 or $50, every penny will go directly to Gregg to help him through this time.
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When a paper mountain caused an avalanche
Those working in the credit derivatives markets had a lean summer. But since most have been living off the fat, it is difficult to feel sorry for them.
It has been another story for back offices. During credit's golden period, when front offices reaped the profits and glory, back offices toiled anonymously under mountains of paperwork. And when these mountains exhibited signs of imminent collapse, they had to shoulder the blame and the hard work involved in shoring them up.
It should have been a pleasant, slack summer for back offices, but not this year. Instead of heading for the beach, they were working overtime to deal with the avalanche of tickets cascading down from their front office counterparts.
Statistics reveal how busy they must have been. According to research group Markit, the average monthly trading in credit default swaps in 18 global banks rose to more than 25,000 in August. That compared with about 10,000 in the same month last year.
This volume would not have been an issue if all the trades had been processed electronically from the point of execution, but this was not the case. Most credit derivatives trades are administered through a confirmation-based platform. This is all well and good, but it does not ensure trade details are agreed upfront at the point of trade.
As a result, any trade details agreed at the point of confirmation sail through, generating light work for back offices. But a fifth of these trade details mismatch at the confirmation point and are ejected from the system. These have to be investigated by the back office and passed to the middle office before being pushed up to the front offices for amendment and resubmission.
Under normal trading conditions this does not present too much of a problem – back offices have to attend to monitoring the mismatches.
A layer of middle office staff then has to encourage a distracted, busy and often irascible front office to cast its memory back to the point of trade. And then things are sorted.
But during turbulent times, trading volumes spike and trouble strikes. Where electronic systems would be able to deal with the increased churn rate, banks find they are unable to boost human capacity in the back and middle offices and their front office staff are too busy to be distracted.
The rise in trading volumes this summer demonstrated what happens next. Markit's figures showed the average amount of outstanding trade confirmations aged more than 30 days in the 18 banks rose to more than 3,000 in the summer, up from about 1,500 in the same period last year. In other words, the paper mountains were swelling again.
Could the problem be avoided? Not entirely, for as long a there is human involvement there will always be room for mismatched trade details. But the problem could be alleviated by moving the processing element further up the chain so it is nearer to the point of trade.
If trades were to be confirmed as they were struck, instead of some time later, then any mismatches would be more readily resolved. The trade details would be fresh in the traders' minds, fewer individuals would become involved in the chain and the mismatches ironed out sooner. In short, the processes would be scalable.
Last month, the New York Federal Reserve again looked into how the industry's efforts to streamline the processing of credit derivatives were developing. It noted improvements had helped the industry avert what could have been an operational problem when volumes climbed but it also cautioned that increased volumes had presented "processing challenges".
To resolve these challenges, the credit derivatives industry could do worse than learn from the far larger interest rate swaps market.
Most interest rate swaps trades are processed through the SwapsWire platform, an affirmation-based facility that captures trade data, affirms trades, generates same-day confirmations and further manages the trades throughout their life cycles. Volumes in the rates markets also spiked in the summer, so much so that SwapsWire had a record August.
But the attendant problems were not as bad. Markit's data showed that trade volumes in the swaps market rose from about 10,000 in August last year to some 14,000 this year. The amount of confirmations outstanding beyond the critical 30-day trade point rose from 2,700 to about 3,000.
In other words, while the rise in trade volumes in the swaps market was not nearly as steep, neither was the escalation in problems – swaps volumes rose by some 40%, outstanding confirmations by 14%. With credit derivatives, volumes doubled and so did the resulting problems. The Fed has said it expects firms to resolve credit derivatives processing issues "expeditiously". Moving the market from a confirmation to an affirmation-based process, such as that used by the swaps market, would be a good place to start.


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*** 375 Week * ***
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Moaning asian girl slides on a huge tool
Duration: 18min 00sec Views: 760 Submitted: 11 months ago Submitted by:
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