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July 31, 1953
BRADDICK et al.
FEDERATION OF SHORTHAND REPORTERS et al.
This is an action for an injunction and treble damages under the Sherman and Clayton Anti-Trust Acts, 15 U.S.C.A. §§ 1, 2, 15 and 26, and under the common law and § 340 of the General Business Law of New York.
The plaintiffs are 'Principal Reporters' engaged in the City of New York in the shorthand reporting business. The individual defendants are members of the defendant association, Federation of Shorthand Reporters. The Principal Reporters provide for the reporting of hearings and depositions and the delivery of the transcription, pursuant to contracts with attorneys, government agencies, and others in New York and other states, and are engaged in, and their activities affect, interstate commerce. In carrying out assignments they engage the services of 'free lance' shorthand reporters who are members of the Federation, which consists of practically all the free lance reporters in the Greater New York Area.
Prior to March 1, 1953, the Principal Reporters maintained a contractual relationship with the Federation, under which the Principal Reporters were bound to engage only members of the Federation unless members were unavailable to perform the services. The agreements recognized Federation as the 'exclusive bargaining representative' for its member reporters whose services were utilized by the Principal Reporter with respect to rates and conditions relating to performance of assignments. The contracts declared that the relationship between the Principal Reporter and an individual Federation Reporter was that of 'independent contractor' and that the Principal Reporter 'independently contracts' with the individual Federation member reporter for his services only for the duration of an assignment and until its completion and that each assignment is a separate and distinct contract.
The complaint alleges that the 'independent contractor' relationship so declared under the agreement exists in fact; that the Federation members were not only free to, and did, make their services available to different Principal Reporters, but they worked for themselves in competition with Principal Reporters. In substantiation of the claim that Federation members were independent contractors, it is alleged that they were not on the payroll of the Principal Reporters, received no guaranteed assignments, were not paid for overtime or sick leave, and no social security deductions were made nor any income taxes withheld from their fees. Also noted is the absence of other indicia common to the traditional employer-employee relationship.
The complaint further charges that the Federation members have combined and conspired to fix prices for their services by requiring plaintiffs and other Principal Reporters to agree to fixed prices in their contracts with Federation and that defendants have conspired and agreed (a) not to perform services for the Principal Reporters without a contract between them and the Federation; (b) to force the Principal Reporters to use the services of Federation members exclusively; and (c) to coerce free lance reporters to join the Federation; that as a result of this combination the defendants control the free lance shorthand reporting market in the Greater New York Area and constitute a monopoly in the area, with the ability to control the price of such services; that the defendants by eliminating competition among themselves and by monopolizing the said free lance shorthand market have set a fixed price for their services and have refused to make the services available at competitive prices, which fixed price directly benefits the defendants when acting in competition with the Principal Reporters, for it enables the defendants to charge for their finished product the same higher price which the Principal Reporters were forced to charge as a result of the fixed prices they had to pay reporters engaged by them.
It is further charged that in January 1953, the Federation made a series of demands for agreements, to become effective March 1, 1953, embodying all the existing restrictive practices and features and providing for even higher prices; that upon the refusal of the plaintiffs to accede to these demands until the legality of the Federation's activities had been ruled upon, the defendants, to coerce the plaintiffs to sign new agreements declared a boycott, withdrew their services from the plaintiffs, and picketed both the plaintiffs and their clients; that the defendants have monopolized the market of free lance shorthand reporting service in the Greater New York Area and are engaged in a combination and conspiracy to restrain competition in the marketing of such services in restraint of commerce, in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 15 U.S.C.A. §§ 1 and 2. The complaint further alleges that defendants' activities likewise violate § 340 of the General Business Law of the State of New York and that they have formed a common law conspiracy to interfere with the advantageous relationships between the plaintiffs and their clients. Finally, it is asserted that the Federation is not a bona fide labor organization and cannot avail itself of any statutory privileges enjoyed by such organizations. The foregoing summarizes the factual statements in the first cause of action upon which equitable relief is demanded; they are real-leged in the second cause of action (with the exception of those relating to threat of future injury), with an added statement of damage suffered, and on this cause of action three-fold damages are asked for.
The case is now before the Court on the defendants' motion (a) to dismiss because the complaint fails to state a cause of action upon which relief can be granted; (b) to dismiss, or in lieu thereof, for summary judgment in the defendants' favor on the ground that there is no issue as to any material fact; (c) to dismiss on the ground that the Court lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter; and (d) for a more definite statement and in conjunction therewith to dismiss as against the Federation the second and third claims in each cause of action based on § 340 of the General Business Law of the State of New York and the common law, on the ground that the plaintiffs have failed to comply with Rule 17(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A., and § 13 of the General Associations Law of New York.
The first three branches of the motion rest essentially on the defendants' underlying contentions that the Federation is a bona fide labor union, a combination of workingmen, organized to promote their mutual good, that the conspiracy complained of is confined to fixing the price of the defendants' services and bettering their conditions of employment -- that it is not a combination to fix or raise the price charged to the customers of the Principal Reporters for the finished product, the final transcript, or to control the market price to the consuming public by stifling competition.
Accordingly, they urge that the dispute is a labor dispute and insofar as any grievances at all are stated, they are merely unfair labor practices over which the Courts have no jurisdiction -- that the matter is within the jurisdiction of the National Labor Relations Board.
Whatever the merit of these contentions as applied to the facts as they may ultimately be developed, it is at least clear that they run directly counter to the complaint as framed. The complaint alleges specifically that the Federation is not a bona fide labor organization and, of course, on a motion to dismiss for insufficiency, the fact so alleged must be accepted as true. If it is not a bona fide labor organization, the main prop of the defendants' position falls to the ground. Moreover, the complaint affirmatively alleges that the defendants are not workmen and do not stand in the relation of employees, but are contractors operating independently and in some instances in competition with the plaintiffs. In this setting, it cannot be said as matter of law, as urged by the defendants, that they are merely employees organized to promote their interests as such and that the dispute is solely a labor dispute. Perhaps the facts as developed upon a trial will show this to be the case; but these are not the facts alleged and the sufficiency of the complaint depends on the alleged, not on the proved facts. Therefore, the motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim must be denied. For like reason the motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter is denied. It cannot be held on the complaint as drawn that nothing but a labor dispute is alleged and that the plaintiffs' only proper avenue of redress is before the National Labor Relations Board.
This brings us to the consideration of the branch of the motion for summary judgment. The defendants have presented many facts tending to show that the defendants, though called 'independent contractors,' are really not such -- that in fact they are employees of the Principal Reporters. It would extend this opinion to inordinate lengths to set forth the minutiae of detail relied upon by the defendants to support, and the plaintiffs to resist, the claim that the parties are in employer-employee relationship. The mere recital of their factual contentions discloses an irreconcilable conflict as to status. The version of the defendants is diametrically opposed to that of the plaintiffs on every essential point. The fact that the agreements with Federation were designated as 'collective bargaining agreements,' or that plaintiffs have never questioned Federation as a bona fide labor organization, does not necessarily establish that, in truth, the relationship of employer and employee existed; no more than the denomination in the agreements of the reporters as 'independent contractors' or the reference to them as 'free lance reporters' establishes those facts. The actual facts, and not labels, determine the true status.
The essential question whether the individual defendants are true entrepreneurs rather than employees cannot be resolved summarily on the basis of the conflicting affidavits but must await determination upon trial.
The rules of law to be applied will depend on the facts as found.
The legal contentions of the parties are many and varied. In summary, the defendants urge that a combination of workingmen organized to promote their own interests is not a monopoly or a restraint of commerce;
that so long as the defendants seek to further labor objectives and do not combine to raise or fix the market price, their activities are lawful.
They say, too, that the present case involves a labor dispute under the Norris-LaGuardia Act,
though it be conceded, arguendo, that the defendants are 'independent contractors'
-- that the basic issue is whether the members of the Federation are proper subjects for collective bargaining in the light of the 'economic realities.'
As a corollary, the defendants also contend that the plaintiffs complain only of unfair labor practices within the exclusive jurisdiction of the National Labor Relations Board.
In support of their various contentions, the defendants have cited many cases in addition to those already enumerated.
The plaintiffs, on the other hand, insist that since the free lance reporters are not employees, the case is ruled by Columbia River Packers Ass'n v. Hinton, 315 U.S. 143, 62 S. Ct. 520, 86 L. Ed. 750. They contend that the Federal antitrust laws proscribe the Federation's activities, notwithstanding that their members are engaged in the performance of services rather than in the sale of commodities.
It is obvious that before it can be decided what principles of law are to be applied to this case the facts must be established. At the present time these facts are in sharp dispute. An imperfect or uncertain record is too insecure a basis for the resolution of the close, difficult and important legal questions which this case poses.
In the circumstances, the motion for summary judgment must necessarily be denied.
There remains for final consideration the motion addressed to the claims based on the New York General Business Law and the common law. Jurisdiction here against all the defendants, including the Federation, is founded on the violation of the Federal laws and any disposition of these additional claims is incidental to the exercise of the Federal jurisdiction.
Federal Rule 17(b) permits suit against an unincorporated association in its common name for the enforcement of a substantive right existing under the laws of the United States. The action is, therefore, properly brought against the Federation under its name for the violation of the Federal statutes. In the circumstances, the defendant being properly before the Court, it would appear needless formalism to require its officer to be named as such in accordance with § 13 of the General Associations Law of New York, the more so since its president has in fact been served both individually and as president and since the individual members of the Federation are also named as defendants. At most, under the circumstances of this case, the alleged defect is an irregularity which may be corrected.
This branch of the motion is, therefore, denied. If any of the parties so desire, the order to be entered hereon may provide that, with respect to such claims, the title be amended to indicate conformity with § 13 of the General Associations Law of New York.
Settle order on notice.
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14 Collingwood St, Paddington, Queensland 4064
Something a little different and exciting has popped up on the Paddington scene. Shouk Café has brought a modern cafe menu inspired by the marketplaces of the Middle East to the hilltop Paddington table. There sure are some exotic yet taste bud tingling flavours and dishes on the Shouk Café menu. Take the Israeli platter for two which is complete with eggs done your way, a basket of house baked rolls & pastries, smoked salmon, chopped breakfast salad, cheese of the day, pickles, jam and a selection of house made condiments. Or perhaps a Char grilled Whole Eggplant which is halved and topped with a tomato and red onion salsa, fresh herbs and a tahini dressing.
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14 Collingwood St, Paddington,
Queensland, Australia
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Austin is a sweet young pup! He will be neutered, have received age appropriate vaccines, and have been microchipped at his time of adoption.
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Paving Slate And Flooring Slate From Slateofchina
Posted at: Offers to Sell and Export | Posted on: Mon 24 Aug, 2009 10:32 pm |
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Processing Type
1. Both sides are natural: (length and width tolerance can control +/-2mm, thickness
tolerance control within +/- 5mm)
2. One side calibrated, another side natural: (length and width tolerance can control within +/-2mm thickness tolerance can control within+/-2mm).
3. One side honed, another side calibrated: (length and width tolerance can control within +/-2mm, thickness tolerance can control within +/-1mm)
Remark: The rusty cannt been honed.
Available Size(mm): 300*150, 300*200, 300*300, 300*600, 400*400, 400*200, 400*250, 400*600, 600*600, 600*900, 1000*1500, 1000*2000 or any other sizes can be made according to customers request.
Available Thickness(mm): 8-12, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, or any thickness can be made according to request.
Available color: Grey, black, green, rusty and yellow
Packing: Wooden package, suitable for long-distance delivery.
m. o. q.: 20'gp
Trade terms: FOB jiujiang
Slateofchina Ltd. is a leading Chinese slate supplier and manufacturer. Slateofchina Ltd mainely produces roofing slate, flooring slate, paving slate, wall cladding slate, culture slate, mushroom slate, random slate, billiard slate etc from our own Chinese slate quarry. Our slate conform to BS680(1971) and EN12326 standards.
Established in 1990s, Slateofchina is situated at the south foot of tha famous Mountain Lushan. Based on the rich natural resources, we have succeeded in supplying a wide range of top quality slates and relevant stone products for our customers around the world in great quantity every year at most competitive prices.
slate stone products from Slateofchina:
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Company Contact:
Contact Name: Xiong Ying
Company Name: Slateofchina Ltd.
Tel: 0086 792 2690031
Fax: 0086 792 2662909
Street Address: Xiong Village, Hengtang
Town, Xingzi County, Jiujiang City, Jjiangxi,
Member name: Sinoslate
Member Since: 15 March 2008
Total Leads:
321 Sinoslate Import Export Business Leads
Business focus: Roofing Slate, Paving Slate, China Slate, Natural Slate, Billiard Slate, Flooring Slate, Walling Slate, Chinese Slate, Black Slate, Slate Roofing
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Singapore Polytechnic
There isn't a more appropriate occasion for the Singapore Polytechnic Entrepreneurs' Club (SPEC) annual gathering than a lo hei celebration. This Chinese New Year tradition of tossing the yu sheng (fish salad) is believed by Chinese families and those running businesses to usher in great fortune.
This year's SPEC lo hei celebration-cum-informal dinner networking session at the SPGG on Tuesday, 11 February 2014 was attended by close to 90 guests. Attendees included SP alumni entrepreneurs, SPEC members, SP management staff, as well as students with a keen interest in entrepreneurship.
Ms Low Yen Ling, Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Social and Family Development also made an appearance as the event's guest of honour.
During his welcome address, SPEC's president, Mr Daniel Tan, quipped, "Some of our alumni entrepreneurs usually charge people $500 to hear them speak. But tonight it will be free-of-charge, so students who are here, please take this chance to learn from these alumni and squeeze them for their advice."
This was precisely what the students were looking forward to. About 40 of them from the SP Business School (Entrepreneurship Specialisation) and School of Digital Media & Infocomm Technology were invited to the event. "I hope to make some contacts, exchange name cards," said one Diploma in Business Administration (DBA) student, while his course mate added, "I'd like to get some tips. Hopefully I can learn from the speakers so that when I encounter similar problems, I'll know what to do."
In her guest of honour speech, Ms Low spoke about her experience being part of a startup company, and shared what she learnt from dealing with entrepreneurs in China during her time at the Singapore Economic Development Board.
This was followed by the presentation of a SPEC donation cheque to DPTI, Mr Lim Peng Hun. This annual donation is made up of funds generously contributed by SPEC members. It is part of the alumni club's ongoing commitment to supporting SP students with financial difficulties. Every year, the SPEC awards are given out to selected students with the hope of "alleviating their financial burdens so that they can study with a peace of mind," said SPEC president, Mr Tan.
The evening ended with a lively talk by SP alumnus and entrepreneur Mr Oliver Lim, owner of Talent Dynamics Pte Ltd and Health Management Company Olive & Glen. He shared his personal experiences starting a business and the challenges he faced along the way. He also provided useful insights on what it takes to be a successful entrepreneur.
This SPEC-organised event was supported by the Alumni Relations Office (ARO).
You can make an impactful difference by giving back to SP, your alma mater. For the different ways to give back to SP, click here.
View more photos from the SPEC Chinese New Year Lo Hei Celebration here.
Keep in touch with ARO and in view of the upcoming events by visiting us at http://alumni.sp.edu.sg or "Liking" our Facebook page at www.facebook.com/mySPalumni.
More than 60 SP alumni staff were treated to a fruits fiesta at the SP auditorium on 22 March 2016.
28 Mar 16
19 February 2016 marks a special evening for more than 100 SP alumni and staff who gathered at the hall to bond over a delectable buffet dinner and entertaining performances.
02 Feb 16
More than 35 SP alumni and students celebrated Lunar New Year early on 30 January at the "Chinese New Year Celebration with the Elderly".
01 Feb 16
"One School, One Tradition, One Run"
05 Aug 15
On 9 May 2015, a total of 33 mothers gathered with their children at the Lakeside Family Services (Taman Jurong Centre) where they relished every segment of the day's programme specially organised for them by the centre.


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Tag Archives: Full bust
Behind the Scenes at The IIYC Parfait by Affinitas Shoot
Cleo Minnie: Bra Review
Panache Jasmine: Bra Review
The Panache Jasmine has been in my collection for quite some time now (hence why I'm showing off my beautiful oriental print version circa Autumn/Winter 2012!), but they re-release and re-release this style season after season, always in pretty prints and standout shades and it never fails to catch my attention.
Freya Tropics: Bra Review
Hello dear readers – you may be surprised to see that today's post is a bra review, after what seems like forever since I posted my last one. Thankfully, it's a good'un and one of the nicest bras I've seen from Freya Lingerie in quite a while – in the form of Freya Tropics. I roped in a pal to help me with this one as she has recently changed bra size and is somewhat of a Freya Deco junkie so I wanted to help her try something else.
All Undone Launch Party
It's pretty safe to say, that it's not that often that Becky and I get REALLY excited about the launch of a new lingerie brand. It goes without saying (you only need to pop over to Becky's Twitter page for about five seconds to prove it), we're really rather excited about All Undone. Think all-Christmasses-at-once excited.
Curvy Kate Horizon Halterneck Bikini Review
I have to say, with weather like we're having in the UK at the moment (and long may it continue, pretty please!) I have to admit that most days I've rarely been out of a bikini, whether I've been on the beach or in the office. When you're a bit, ahem, hot and sweaty, there's no bra that feels quite as comfortable as a bikini, and since mine rarely get an airing, I've been using any excuse to actually wear them for a change!
Simply Beach: Cleo Swimwear 'Hattie' Bikini Review
It's not everyday I find a strapless bra that I really love, let alone a strapless bikini. Enter Cleo's strapless 'Hattie'! I've had my eye on 'Hattie' ever since we were given an exclusive sneak peak at the (at the time totally secret) Cleo Swimwear at the Panache blogger event way back in June of last year. I have to given myself credit: I've had the patience of the saint to wait this long for it, even though (let's face it) here in the UK the need for bikinis is pretty abysmal and I've not had the need for it since I've not been on holiday since (boo!)
Cleo by Panache 'Melissa': Bra Review
Since the sun is shining and it's SUCH a beautiful day here in the UK (that's right folks, not a cloudy in the sky here in Blighty!), I was rummaging around in my 'to review' pile (some delights and some disasters in there let's put it that way) and thought – now's not the time to get negative – it's time to share my latest lingerie love with you. So forgive me, I'm about to sip some Pimms in my suntrap back garden and wax lyrical about the lovely Melissa by Cleo.
Tutti Rouge Betty: Bra Review
After pretty much falling in love with Tutti Rouge's 'Liliana' (so darn pretty!), when I got my hands on the Tutti Rouge Betty (the set that I was perhaps looking forward to most out of Tutti Rouge's SS13 offerings) I can't help but feel that, despite her gorgeous exterior, unfortunately she's prettier than she is perfect. That said, I love her all the same. Why, I hear you ask?


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Lori Martinez – Former Agnostic
November 2, 2016... more
Kris Sarver, Former Atheist
May 2, 2016Kris Sarver was raised Catholic, but after asking complicated questions about Hell as a child, she figured that Catholicism, and religion in general, were for simpletons and the uneducated. She pursued a life as a scientist with the military, and after a failed marriage, decided that she should end her life. It was during that suicide attempt that she first felt the presence of a loving God. That relationship culminated in her rediscovery of the Catholic faith of her youth, which she joyfully practices today. ... more
Greg Pratt, former agnostic
April 4, 2016Former Agnostic Greg Pratt recounts his faith journey to the Catholic Church. Growing up in a household Jewish in name only, Greg found himself searching for truth in the tangible aspects of science and math. But in the midst of an agnostic mindset lasting into his later forties, Greg experienced a series of events which slowly transformed his thinking. He speaks of the role of his wife and the impact of C. S. Lewis' Mere Christianity and Jeff Cavin's 12-DVD set, The Bible Timeline: The Story of Salvation on ... more
Paul Keough: A Revert from the Church of Christ
Paul Keough /
January 11, 2016Paul grew up the 9th of 13 children in upstate New York. His mother was a faithful Catholic but his father was a vocal agnostic. He went to church but didn't understand what was going on. Because he lived in an anti-catholic town and also because of his father's agnosticism, Paul saw being a Catholic as a weakness. At sixteen, he declared that he was an atheist. Following his father as a role model, he made the goal of his life to follow pleasure. Soon after he began to ... more
Dr. Scott Sullivan: Former Evangelical
Dr. Scott Sullivan /
August 17, 2015Scott was raised in a loving Non-denomination Evangelical Protestant home. In high school and college he fell away from the faith because he didn't know any arguments to show him that Christianity was true. For a long time his life was centered on martial arts. While in college he began to ask the question, "What it the purpose of life?" He thought he might look into religion again. In a bookstore he stumbled upon the Handbook of Christian Apologetics by Peter Kreeft & Ronald Tacelli. This began his journey ... more
John Sherman: Former Methodist & Non-denominational
John Sherman /
June 8, 2015John was raised in an Methodist home. They gave him a good foundation and took him to church but Jesus wasn't talked about much in the home. By the time his entered college he was more or less an agnostic. Later, motivated by physical ailments, John was driven to the arms of Jesus, committing his life to him through his suffering. Wanting to be involved with other passionate Christians, he joined a Non-denominational congregation. About this time he was invited to attend a group, made up mostly of Catholic ... more
Joshua Bowman, Former Anglican
January 19, 2015Joshua was raised Episcopalian. The family faithfully attended Sunday school and liturgy every week. Sadly, church was more of an apostrophe of the week than a major factor of the family's life. As he grew older, Joshua drifted further away from faith into classical liberalism. By high school he was Episcopal in name only. After many years in the spiritual wilderness, Joshua joined in full communion with the Catholic Church in 2010. Joshua is now a blogger on CatholicVote.org. ... more
Taking Courage: How God Drew Me into the Light of His Church
Alicia Smith /
July 21, 2014*Last name has been changed at the author's request ... more
Mike Aquilina: Revert from Agnosticism
June 23, 2014Mike grew up in a sicilian ghetto in which it was expected that everyone was Catholic. With the upheaval of the '60's, when he was in the 6th grade, Catholic education seemed to become devoid of content. He began to think that Christianity was irrelevant and something not to be taken seriously. In college, he fell totally away from the faith. Through his undergraduate years, though he wasn't attending Mass, he began to be exposed to Catholic culture and beauty by his studies of history and art. In a ... more
Joseph Pearce: Former Agnostic
February 6, 2014Marcus welcomes returning guest, author and former agnostic Joseph Pearce to discuss his conversion to the Catholic Church. Joseph's new book Race With the Devil: My Journey from Racial Hatred to Rational Love details his conversion from white-supremacist to coming to know a merciful savior. ... more
Re-Entering the Kingdom of God
Paul Lambert /
November 11, 20131968-1993 — The "Life" of a Spiritual Cadaver: The Possibility of Repentance ... more
Steven Lawson: Former Agnostic; revert
November 11, 2013Steven Lawson, son of Catholic parents, grew up in Buffalo, NY. A regular attender of weekly mass and youth group events, Steven began to have questions about his faith. His goal from age 11 (modeled after Walt Disney) was to build a better world through animation. While in college, Steven got immersed in philosophy and debate, leading into a secular mindset – and a rather sinful lifestyle. The story of a divine encounter and his subsequent life transformation is shared in this session with Marcus Grodi. ... more


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Home | Make an Appointment | For Medical Professionals
January 29, 2016
When the smell of wood smoke fills the air and night falls before dinner, rest assured that autumn has turned to winter. But somewhere between the backyard bonfires and sipping hot cocoa, a less pleasant phenomenon takes hold of some people — seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
A yearly ordeal
"SAD is a significant mood disorder that changes people's capacity to work, or enjoy family or friends, and we think it's related to the light/dark cycles," says Mark Frye, M.D., chair of Psychiatry and Psychology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester.\
While many people struggle with cabin fever during a long winter, SAD symptoms can be severe and functionally disabling. Dr. Frye says SAD is much like bipolar disorder, or major depression, but specifically related to the change of seasons.
Most SAD symptoms start in the fall and continue through the winter months, sapping your energy and making you feel moody. But don't brush off that yearly feeling as simply a case of the winter blues or a seasonal funk that you have to tough out on your own.
Although winter symptoms usually go away once spring or summer hits, some people experience the opposite pattern. In either case, symptoms may start out mild and become more severe as the season progresses.
Symptoms specific to winter-onset SAD, sometimes called winter depression, may include:
While specific causes of seasonal affective disorder remain unknown, some factors that may come into play include:
Support and treatment
It's normal to have some days when you feel down. But if you feel down for days at a time and you can't get motivated to do activities you normally enjoy, see your doctor. Treatment can help prevent complications, especially if SAD is diagnosed and treated before symptoms become severe.
Treatment for SAD may include light therapy (phototherapy), psychotherapy and medications. Dr. Frye says providers will often prescribe light boxes, and there is one antidepressant available — Wellbutrin — that can prevent SAD.
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New song for Les Miserables film
12 January 2012 Last updated at 16:51 GMT
Oscar winning director Tom Hooper says his film version of the musical Les Miserables will have a new song and music written for it by the original composer.
Claude Michel Schonberg is collaborating with the King's Speech director on the film, that stars Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway and Eddie Redmayne.
Tom Hooper told BBC Radio 4's Front Row it will be very different for him directing a film where millions of people already know the story.


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Episode 3
The final episode offers a raw and revealing insight into English National Ballet, one of the world's premier ballet companies, at the climax of one of its most demanding years. From injury and pain to success and elation, the series exposes the storm behind the calm of big ballet productions.
Wayne Eagling has a highly demanding job as the artistic director of English National Ballet, looking after the 64 dancers that produce eight ballets a year. He has also decided to put his neck on the line by creating his first full length ballet for the company - The Nutcracker. As the company's crucial and lucrative Christmas production, there is no room for error and Wayne must complete the two hour ballet on an extremely tight schedule.
The film follows the creative processes of a choreographer under pressure and a new production fighting against time. With an important audience of critics, donors and government officials expected on opening night, the show must be finished. But with rehearsals running late and severe snow disrupting the making of the sets, it seems the dancers, costume-makers and technical staff are all fighting for stage time right up until the curtain rises.
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|Alice Mayhall


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IEEE Control Systems
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As the official means of communication for the IEEE Control Systems Society, the IEEE Control Systems Magazine publishes interesting, useful, and informative material on all aspects of control system technology for the benefit of control educators, practitioners, and researchers.
Latest Published Articles
Measurable Augmented Reality for Prototyping Cyberphysical Systems: A Robotics Platform to Aid the Hardware Prototyping and Performance Testing of AlgorithmsShayegan Omidshafiei ; Ali-Akbar Agha-Mohammadi ; Yu Fan Chen ; Nazim Kemal Ure ; Shih-Yuan Liu ; Brett T. Lopez ; Rajeev Surati ; Jonathan P. How ; John VianThu Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2016 Thu Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2016
Simulation-Based Approaches for Verification of Embedded Control Systems: An Overview of Traditional and Advanced Modeling, Testing, and Verification TechniquesThu Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2016 Thu Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2016
Stochastic Model Predictive Control: An Overview and Perspectives for Future ResearchThu Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2016 Thu Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2016
Is It Possible to Follow Position Commands Using Velocity Measurements? [Lecture Notes]Thu Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2016 Thu Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2016
The Artificial Pancreas: How Closed-Loop Control Is Revolutionizing DiabetesThu Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2016 Thu Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2016
Popular Articles
The probabilistic data association filterFri Nov 20 00:00:00 EST 2009 Fri Nov 20 00:00:00 EST 2009
Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependenciesWed Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2002 Wed Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2002
A survey of iterative learning controlTue May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2006 Tue May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2006
Control of hybrid electric vehiclesMon Mar 26 00:00:00 EDT 2007 Mon Mar 26 00:00:00 EDT 2007
The Artificial Pancreas: How Closed-Loop Control Is Revolutionizing DiabetesThu Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2016 Thu Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2016
Publish in this Journal
Meet Our Editors
Popular Documents (October 2016)
The probabilistic data association filter
Cited by: Papers (126)
The measurement selection for updating the state estimate of a target's track, known as data association, is essential for good performance in the presence of spurious measurements or clutter. A classification of tracking and data association approaches has been presented, as a pure MMSE approach, which amounts to a soft decision, and single best-hypothesis approach, which amounts to a hard decisi... View full abstract»
Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies
Cited by: Papers (491) | Patents (3)
The notion that our nation's critical infrastructures are highly interconnected and mutually dependent in complex ways, both physically and through a host of information and communications technologies (so-called "cyberbased systems"), is more than an abstract, theoretical concept. As shown by the 1998 failure of the Galaxy 4 telecommunications satellite, the prolonged power crisis in California, ... View full abstract»
A survey of iterative learning control
Cited by: Papers (490) | Patents (15)
This article surveyed the major results in iterative learning control (ILC) analysis and design over the past two decades. Problems in stability, performance, learning transient behavior, and robustness were discussed along with four design techniques that have emerged as among the most popular. The content of this survey was selected to provide the reader with a broad perspective of the important... View full abstract»
Control of hybrid electric vehicles
Cited by: Papers (339) | Patents (1)
Global optimization techniques, such as dynamic programming, serve mainly to evaluate the potential fuel economy of a given powertrain configuration. Unless the future driving conditions can be predicted during real-time operation but the results obtained using this noncausal approach establish a benchmark for evaluating the optimality of realizable control strategies. Real-time controllers must b... View full abstract»
The Artificial Pancreas: How Closed-Loop Control Is Revolutionizing Diabetes
The artificial pancreas is a long-awaited goal for the management of type 1 diabetes, and its development was recently triggered by the development of continuous glucose sensors. Developing the artificial pancreas is a control engineering problem that is challenged by the large delays in insulin absorption, variability in system dynamics between patients and within the same patient, meals, exercis... View full abstract»
Stability of networked control systems
Cited by: Papers (1864) | Patents (1)
First, we review some previous work on networked control systems (NCSs) and offer some improvements. Then, we summarize the fundamental issues in NCSs and examine them with different underlying network-scheduling protocols. We present NCS models with network-induced delay and analyze their stability using stability regions and a hybrid systems technique. Following that, we discuss methods to compe... View full abstract»
Dynamic modeling and control of hybrid electric vehicle powertrain systems
Cited by: Papers (120) | Patents (4)
This paper describes the mathematical modeling, analysis, and simulation of a dynamic automatic manual layshaft transmission and dry clutch combination powertrain model, and corresponding coordinated control laws synthesized using a conventional SI ICE powerplant-alternator combination, a dry clutch and manual transmission/differential, variable field alternator, brakes, and complete vehicle longi... View full abstract»
Reinforcement Learning and Feedback Control: Using Natural Decision Methods to Design Optimal Adaptive Controllers
Cited by: Papers (115)
This article describes the use of principles of reinforcement learning to design feedback controllers for discrete- and continuous-time dynamical systems that combine features of adaptive control and optimal control. Adaptive control [1], [2] and optimal control [3] represent different philosophies for designing feedback controllers. Optimal controllers are normally designed of ine by solving Hami... View full abstract»
Biomimicry of bacterial foraging for distributed optimization and control
Cited by: Papers (937)
We explain the biology and physics underlying the chemotactic (foraging) behavior of E. coli bacteria. We explain a variety of bacterial swarming and social foraging behaviors and discuss the control system on the E. coli that dictates how foraging should proceed. Next, a computer program that emulates the distributed optimization process represented by the activity of social bacterial foraging is... View full abstract»
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Following: A Survey and Analysis of Algorithms for Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicless
Cited by: Papers (41)
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are mainly used by military and government organizations, but with low-cost sensors, electronics, and airframes there is significant interest in using low-cost UAVs among aircraft hobbyists, academic researchers, and industries. Applications such as mapping, search and rescue, patrol, and surveillance require the UAV to autonomously follow a predefined path at a pre... View full abstract»
Secure Control Systems: A Quantitative Risk Management Approach
Cited by: Papers (11)
Critical infrastructures must continuously operate safely and reliably, despite a variety of potential system disturbances. Given their strict operating requirements, such systems are automated and controlled in real time by several digital controllers receiving measurements from sensors and transmitting control signals to actuators. Since these physical systems are often spatially distributed, th... View full abstract»
High-Speed Control of Electromechanical Transduction: Advanced Drive Techniques for Optimized Step-and-Settle Response of MEMS MicromirrorsMatthias Imboden ; Jackson Chang ; Corey Pollock ; Evan Lowell ; Mehmet Akbulut ; Jessica Morrison ; Thomas Stark ; Thomas G. Bifano ; David J. BishopPublication Year: 2016, Page(s):48 - 76
Micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) provide the engineer with a powerful set of solutions to a wide variety of technical challenges. However, because they are mechanical systems, response times can be a limitation. In some situations, advanced engineered drive techniques can improve response times by as much as a thousand fold, significantly opening up the application space for MEMS/NE... View full abstract»
Modeling and control of McKibben artificial muscle robot actuators
Cited by: Papers (275) | Patents (4)
The McKibben artificial muscle is a pneumatic device characterized by its high level of functional analogy with human skeletal muscle. While maintaining a globally cylindrical shape, the McKibben muscle produces a contraction force decreasing with its contraction ratio, as does skeletal muscle. The maximum force-to-weight ratio can be surprisingly high for a limited radial dimension and for a conv... View full abstract»
Basic problems in stability and design of switched systems
Cited by: Papers (1771) | Patents (12)
By a switched system, we mean a hybrid dynamical system consisting of a family of continuous-time subsystems and a rule that orchestrates the switching between them. The article surveys developments in three basic problems regarding stability and design of switched systems. These problems are: stability for arbitrary switching sequences, stability for certain useful classes of switching sequences,... View full abstract»
Rigid-Body Attitude Control
Cited by: Papers (124)
Rigid-body attitude control is motivated by aerospace applications that involve attitude maneuvers or attitude stabilization. The set of attitudes of a rigid body is the set of 3 X 3 orthogonal matrices whose determinant is one. This set is the configuration space of rigid-body attitude motion; however, this configuration space is not Euclidean. Since the set of attitudes is not a Euclidean space,... View full abstract»
Distributed model predictive control
Cited by: Papers (289) | Patents (1)
The article presents results for distributed model predictive control (MPC), focusing on i) the coordination of the optimization computations using iterative exchange of information and ii) the stability of the closed-loop system when information is exchanged only after each iteration. Current research is focusing on general methods for decomposing large-scale problems for distributed MPC and meth... View full abstract»
Real-time indoor autonomous vehicle test environment
Cited by: Papers (170) | Patents (1)
To investigate and develop unmanned vehicle systems technologies for autonomous multiagent mission platforms, we are using an indoor multivehicle testbed called real-time indoor autonomous vehicle test environment (RAVEN) to study long-duration multivehicle missions in a controlled environment. Normally, demonstrations of multivehicle coordination and control technologies require that multiple hum... View full abstract»
Information consensus in multivehicle cooperative control
Cited by: Papers (618) | Patents (1)
The purpose of this article is to provide a tutorial overview of information consensus in multivehicle cooperative control. Theoretical results regarding consensus-seeking under both time invariant and dynamically changing communication topologies are summarized. Several specific applications of consensus algorithms to multivehicle coordination are described View full abstract»
The Flight Assembled Architecture installation: Cooperative construction with flying machinesFrederico Augugliaro ; Sergei Lupashin ; Michael Hamer ; Cason Male ; Markus Hehn ; Mark W. Mueller ; Jan Sebastian Willmann ; Fabio Gramazio ; Matthias Kohler ; Raffaello D'AndreaPublication Year: 2014, Page(s):46 - 64
Cited by: Papers (11)
The art installation Flight Assembled Architecture [1] is one of the first structures built by flying vehicles. Culminating in a 6-m-tall tower composed of 1500 foam modules (see Figures 1 and 2), the installation was assembled by four quadrocopters in 18 hours during a four-day-long live exhibition at the Fonds R?gional d'Art Contemporain (Regional Contemporary Art Fund) du Centre in Orl?ans, Fra... View full abstract»
PID control system analysis and design
Cited by: Papers (106)
With its three-term functionality offering treatment of both transient and steady-state responses, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control provides a generic and efficient solution to real-world control problems. The wide application of PID control has stimulated and sustained research and development to "get the best out of PID", and "the search is on to find the next key technology or met... View full abstract»
Distributed Control Systems for Small-Scale Power Networks: Using Multiagent Cooperative Control Theory
Cited by: Papers (12)
Existing electric power distribution networks are operating near full capacity and facing rapid changes to address environmental concerns and improve their reliability and sustainability. These concerns are satisfied through the effective integration and coordination of distributed generators (DGs), which facilitate the exploitation of renewable energy resources, including wind power, photovoltaic... View full abstract»
Distributed Control and Estimation of Robotic Vehicle Networks: Overview of the Special Issue
Many applications, such as environmental monitoring, security and surveillance, scientific exploration, and intelligent transportation, share a fundamental need to accomplish multiple tasks across space and time that are beyond the capabilities of a single autonomous platform. The growing demand for autonomous multivehicle networks has stimulated a broad interest in distributed control and estimat... View full abstract»
A Distributed Optimization Framework for Localization and Formation Control: Applications to Vision-Based Measurements
Multiagent systems have been a major area of research for the last 15 years. This interest has been motivated by tasks that can be executed more rapidly in a collaborative manner or that are nearly impossible to carry out otherwise. To be effective, the agents need to have the notion of a common goal shared by the entire network (for instance, a desired formation) and individual control laws to re... View full abstract»
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platooning for Sustainable Freight Transportation: A Cooperative Method to Enhance Safety and Efficiency
Cited by: Papers (4)
The current system of global trade is largely based on transportation and communication technology from the 20th century. Advances in technology have led to an increasingly interconnected global market and reduced the costs of moving goods, people, and technology around the world. Transportation is crucial to society, and the demand for transportation is strongly linked to economic development. Sp... View full abstract»
Introduction to feedback control of underactuated VTOLvehicles: A review of basic control design ideas and principles
Cited by: Papers (36)
This article is an introduction to feedback control design for a family of robotic aerial vehicles with vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capabilities such as quadrotors, ducted-fan tail-sitters, and helicopters. Potential applications for such devices, like surveillance, monitoring, or mapping, are varied and numerous. For these applications to emerge, motion control algorithms that guarantee ... View full abstract»
Algorithms for Advanced Battery-Management Systems
Cited by: Papers (146) | Patents (7)
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are ubiquitous sources of energy for portable electronic devices. Compared to alternative battery technologies, Li-ion batteries provide one of the best energy-to-weight ratios, exhibit no memory effect, and have low self-discharge when not in use. These beneficial properties, as well as decreasing costs, have established Li-ion batteries as a leading candidate for t... View full abstract»
Inertially stabilized platform technology Concepts and principles
Cited by: Papers (95)
We introduced some of the basic principles, techniques, and key design issues common to ISPs used in many diverse scientific, military, and commercial applications, and we touched on some of the less intuitive effects that must be dealt with. Many of these effects can influence the initial configuration of the system as well as design details later in the design process. The successful design of a... View full abstract»
Hybrid dynamical systems
Cited by: Papers (332)
Robust stability and control for systems that combine continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics. This article is a tutorial on modeling the dynamics of hybrid systems, on the elements of stability theory for hybrid systems, and on the basics of hybrid control. The presentation and selection of material is oriented toward the analysis of asymptotic stability in hybrid systems and the design of sta... View full abstract»
Bicycle dynamics and control: adapted bicycles for education and research
Cited by: Papers (111)
In this paper, the dynamics of bicycles is analyzed from the perspective of control. Models of different complexity are presented, starting with simple ones and ending with more realistic models generated from multibody software. Models that capture essential behavior such as self-stabilization as well as models that demonstrate difficulties with rear wheel steering are considered. Experiences usi... View full abstract»
Tutorial overview of model predictive control
Cited by: Papers (393) | Patents (7)
The paper provides a reasonably accessible and self-contained tutorial exposition on model predictive control (MPC). It is aimed at readers with control expertise, particularly practitioners, who wish to broaden their perspective in the MPC area of control technology. We introduce the concepts, provide a framework in which the critical issues can be expressed and analyzed, and point out how MPC al... View full abstract»
Optimal control-1950 to 1985
Cited by: Papers (45) | Patents (1)
Optimal control had its origins in the calculus of variations in the 17th century. The calculus of variations was developed further in the 18th century by Euler and Lagrange and in the 19th century by Legendre, Jacobi, Hamilton, and Weierstrass. In the early 20th century, Bolza and Bliss put the final touches of rigor on the subject. In 1957, Bellman gave a new view of Hamilton-Jacobi theory which... View full abstract»
Safe Coordinated Maneuvering of Teams of Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Cooperative Control Framework for Multivehicle, Time-Critical MissionsVenanzio Cichella ; Ronald Choe ; Syed Bilal Mehdi ; Enric Xargay ; Naira Hovakimyan ; Vladimir Dobrokhodov ; Isaac Kaminer ; Antonio M. Pascoal ; A. Pedro AguiarPublication Year: 2016, Page(s):59 - 82
Multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have experienced a very fast-paced technological development over the past years. Flight control systems have evolved from simple stability augmentation systems, barely enabling an external pilot to remotely fly a multirotor UAV, to full-fledged command augmentation systems, opening up the possibilities of autonomous operations of multirotors. Due to thei... View full abstract»
Analysis and Control of Epidemics: A Survey of Spreading Processes on Complex Networks
Cited by: Papers (5)
This article reviews and presents various solved and open problems in the development, analysis, and control of epidemic models. The proper modeling and analysis of spreading processes has been a long-standing area of research among many different fields, including mathematical biology, physics, computer science, engineering, economics, and the social sciences. One of the earliest epidemic models ... View full abstract»
The Role of Information Assumptions in Decentralized Task Allocation: A Tutorial
A single robotic agent can perform cost-effective work in many domains, especially those that are dirty, dangerous, or dull for humans. Forming multiagent teams of autonomous robots can even further improve their capabilities. A major reason for this increase in performance is that teams of agents can take measurements and act in many places at once, and thus can react much faster than a single ag... View full abstract»
Quadrotors and Accelerometers: State Estimation with an Improved Dynamic Model
Cited by: Papers (26)
Results are presented that quantify how velocity and attitude estimates can benefit from an improvement to the traditional quadrotor dynamic model. The improved model allows accelerometer measurements, which are routinely available at high rates, to reduce an estimator's dependence on complex exteroceptive measurements, such as those obtained by an onboard camera or laser range finder. View full abstract»
Distributed Optimal Control of Multiscale Dynamical Systems: A Tutorial
Many complex systems, ranging from renewable resources [1] to very-large-scale robotic systems (VLRS) [2], can be described as multiscale dynamical systems comprising many interactive agents. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the formation control and stability analysis of teams of agents, such as robots, or autonomous vehicles. In these systems, the mutual goals of the agents... View full abstract»
Distributed Control and Estimation of Robotic Vehicle Networks: An Overview of Part 2
The topic of distributed control and estimation (DCE) is of increasing relevance to robotic vehicle systems that share a fundamental need to accomplish multiple tasks across space and time that are beyond the capabilities of a single platform. The growing demand for autonomous mobile multirobot networks has stimulated broad interest in DCE strategies that naturally support cooperative, collaborati... View full abstract»
Discontinuous dynamical systems
Cited by: Papers (216)
This article has presented an introductory tutorial on discontinuous dynamical systems. Various examples illustrate the pertinence of the continuity and Lipschitzness properties that guarantee the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to ordinary differential equations. The lack of these properties in examples drawn from various disciplines motivates the need for more general notions tha... View full abstract»
Developments in nonholonomic control problems
Cited by: Papers (661)
Provides a summary of recent developments in control of nonholonomic systems. The published literature has grown enormously during the last six years, and it is now possible to give a tutorial presentation of many of these developments. The objective of this article is to provide a unified and accessible presentation, placing the various models, problem formulations, approaches, and results into a... View full abstract»
Game-Theoretic Methods for Robustness, Security, and Resilience of Cyberphysical Control Systems: Games-in-Games Principle for Optimal Cross-Layer Resilient Control Systems
Cited by: Papers (5)
Critical infrastructures, such as power grids and transportation systems, are increasingly using open networks for operation. The use of open networks poses many challenges for control systems. The classical design of control systems takes into account modeling uncertainties as well as physical disturbances, providing a multitude of control design methods such as robust control, adaptive control, ... View full abstract»
Stability and Stabilization of Systems with Time Delay
Cited by: Papers (157) | Patents (2)
Time-delays are important components of many dynamical systems that describe coupling or interconnection between dynamics, propagation, or transport phenomena in shared environments, in heredity, and in competition in population dynamics. This monograph addresses the problem of stability analysis and the stabilisation of dynamical systems subjected to time-delays. It presents a wide and self-conta... View full abstract»
Cooperative Localization for Mobile Agents: A Recursive Decentralized Algorithm Based on Kalman-Filter Decoupling
Technological advances in ad hoc networking and the miniaturization of electromechanical systems are making possible the use of large numbers of mobile agents (for example, mobile robots, human agents, and unmanned vehicles) to perform surveillance, search and rescue, transport, and delivery tasks in aerial, underwater, space, and land environments. However, the successful execution of such tasks ... View full abstract»
Physical Authentication of Control Systems: Designing Watermarked Control Inputs to Detect Counterfeit Sensor Outputs
Cited by: Papers (5)
Cyberphysical systems (CPSs) refer to the embedding of widespread sensing, networking, computation, and control into physical spaces with the goal of making them safer, more efficient, and reliable. Driven by the miniaturization and integration of sensing, communication, and computation in cost-efficient devices, CPSs are bound to transform industries such as aerospace, transportation, built envir... View full abstract»
Distributed Data Fusion: Neighbors, Rumors, and the Art of Collective Knowledge
Distributed data fusion (DDF) is the process whereby a group of agents sense their local environment, communicate with other agents, and collectively try to infer knowledge about a particular process. The applications are many and include cooperative robots mapping a room, cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) geolocating a moving object on the ground, a distributed formation of space telesc... View full abstract»
Dynamic Model Identification for Industrial Robots
Cited by: Papers (53)
The use of periodic excitation is the key feature of the presented robot identification method. Periodic excitation allows us to integrate the experiment design, signal processing, and parameter estimation. This integration simplifies the identification procedure and yields accurate models. Experimental results on an industrial robot manipulator show that the estimated dynamic robot model can accu... View full abstract»
Distributed Model Predictive Control: An Overview and Roadmap of Future Research Opportunities
Cited by: Papers (20)
Model-predictive control (MPC) is an optimization-based control technique that uses 1) a mathematical model of a system to predict the system's behavior over a given horizon, 2) an objective function that represents what system behavior is desirable, 3) a mathematical formalization of operational constraints that have to be satisfied, 4) measurements of the state of the system at each time step, a... View full abstract»
Scheduling of networked control systems
Cited by: Papers (430)
The defining characteristic of a networked control system (NCS) is having one or more control loops closed via a serial communication channel. Typically, when the words networking and control are used together, the focus is on the control of networks, but in this article our intent is nearly inverse, not control of networks but control through networks. NCS design objectives revolve around the per... View full abstract»
Household robotics: autonomous devices for vacuuming and lawn mowing [Applications of control]
Cited by: Papers (5)
Service robots are programmable automated or semiautomated mechanical devices designed to perform a specific service rather than a manufacturing function. Robots were initially used in the automation sector to handle repetitive and simple tasks reliably, with the objective of cost reduction per product. Along with the increased speed of embedded microcontrollers, the service robotic sector has sta... View full abstract»
Control of variable-speed wind turbines: standard and adaptive techniques for maximizing energy capture
Cited by: Papers (137) | Patents (2)
This article considers an adaptive control scheme previously developed for region 2 control of a variable speed wind turbine. In this paper, the question of theoretical stability of the torque controller is addressed, showing that the rotor speed is asymptotically stable under the torque control law in the constant wind speed input case and L2 stable with respect to time-varying wind in... View full abstract»
Internet congestion control
Cited by: Papers (363)
This article reviews the current transmission control protocol (TCP) congestion control protocols and overviews recent advances that have brought analytical tools to this problem. We describe an optimization-based framework that provides an interpretation of various flow control mechanisms, in particular, the utility being optimized by the protocol's equilibrium structure. We also look at the dyna... View full abstract»
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As the official means of communication for the IEEE Control Systems Society, the IEEE Control Systems Magazine publishes interesting, useful, and informative material on all aspects of control system technology for the benefit of control educators, practitioners, and researchers.
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As the official means of communication for the IEEE Control Systems Society, the IEEE Control Systems Magazine publishes interesting, useful, and informative material on all aspects of control system technology for the benefit of control educators, practitioners, and researchers.
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The Bayridge Difference
Friend, I know you are struggling. I don't want to see you struggle anymore. I, like you, want the hurting to stop!
I want you to know there is hope. I want you to feel empowered, to overcome life's challenges whether they are anxiety or depression, marriage or parenting difficulties or any other issue you may be dealing with. You need to know that many others have traveled your same journey and found new direction.
At Bayridge, our goal is to not only be attentive to you, but to also help you find real solutions to real problems. We will walk alongside you, coaching you each step of the way, for as long as it takes.
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- Shaming Your Child on Social Media Has Consequences
One growing trend on social media is parents posting pictures and videos of their children behaving badly. While it is one thing to post a toddler throwing a temper tantrum, it is another thing when it comes to older children, tweens, and teens. Part of the concern is these pictures and videos can live online […]
Natalia March - November 21, 2016
- What to Do If Your Teen Stops Talking to You
It is not uncommon for teenagers to stop talking to their parents, as much as they used to when they were younger. This change in behaviour is normal as part of your teen's adolescence development and progressing into a young adult. For teens, this transition can be difficult because they want the independence that […]
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text: So, it's been awhile iPTF; I try and leave, but I always come back like a lover scorned. Anyways, while most of you probably have never heard of me ( Please Register or Log in to view images ), here's my views on the new firmware. What I'm seeing in the community is pretty much what I saw wayyyyyyy back in the 1.1.x days; a lot of b*tching. Many seem to be mad that multi-tasking is only available on this-gen models and many are pissed that ads are now apple-supported. Here are my views and why a lot of you are wrong! Please Register or Log in to view images Multitasking Seriously, they came out with a legit and beautiful way to deal with what has otherwise been a headache for most. As Steve said, "If you see a task manager, you've messed up." This is intuitive, it just works, and it doesn't seem to slow the phone down much. So what's the problem? Well, if I remember correctly, I always frequented the 20 Mb free RAM line on my 2G iPhone. While decent, there's no way for them to pull off seamless multitasking on those devices. How can Apple expect the device experience to be intuitive if it'll slow down a lot because of the little amount of RAM. I know you can multitask now with jailbroken apps, but let's be honest here, it's slow, choppy, and can usually be only done with 2 or 3 apps. Big deal. While it sucks to hear it, it's time to realize that the RAM in your device just isn't cutting it really. It's not the end of the world, just use your device as it is and when it dies, buy a new one with more features. You've gone this long w/o true multitasking, you can deal with the jb solution for a little more. Ads Lol at everyone complaining about this. You already HAVE ads in your free apps. Despite what people say, it isn't hard to ad them and it's extremely easy to set up an account. What Apple's trying to do is make it a nice user experience. Why do I see ads for Texas Hold 'Em in my document-based app? Why are they advertising movie apps in my 3D games? These ads we have now.. well, they suck. Apple's making the experience nicer by making apps that are attractive and that are relevant. Also, people need to grow up. I know jailbreaking allows you to get all the apps you want for free, but seriously, if someone is making apps for free; the least you can do is click a f***ing ad once in awhile. You're not donating, paying, selling your sister into slavery; you're clicking a button. Boo Hoo. Folders, Wallpaper, Keyboards, Etc. All in all, this was an amazing update. Even if you're not a new device owner, you still got great updates. We can now organize our SB with folders! I would've liked to see a more "updated UI" but take what you can get. Now, there's nothing that can be really updated. I mean, think about it, besides flash and a frontwards facing camera (which is coming in June), what else is there to add? Nothing. Apple successfully cornered the competition this time. I hope Apple comes out with additional features next year mid-cycle like 1.x days, though. They came out with GPS-like locations, wiggle home screen, web homepage buttons, I want to say streetview, and more. Apple can't afford to do another "1 bug fix update" year like they pulled this year. All in All? I give this update an A. Just wait till then new iPhone comes out though Please Register or Log in to view images


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Refreshing Lemon Juice and Barley Drink Recipe
How to prepare Lemon Barley Juice
Lemon and Barley drink is a favorite of mine and is a much more healthy option than just having lemon juice or barley water. Lemon is known for being rich in vitamin C whereas Barley has diuretic, digestive and coolant attributes. Combined together it is a very healthy and an easy to make and refreshing drink one can have.
Ingredients of Lemon and Barley Juice
- ½ Cup Pearl Barley
- 8 cups of Water
- Juice of 4 Lemon
- Sugar/Artificial Sweetener/Honey (Optional)
Method of Preparation
Boil 8 cups of water and add the cleaned Pearl Barley in it. Reduce the flame and allow cooking for 30 minutes. Remove from the stove and add lemon juice and sugar. Mix well and stain the liquid to another vessel. Let it cool and then place it in the refrigerator for cooling. Consume as and when required. Do not forget to stir the liquid before pouring into the glass to serve. Lemon and Barley Juice is a refreshing drink with the goodness of lemon and barley. I hope you would like it too.
More by this Author
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I have already published several easy Indian Chutney Recipes here and I am giving links of all of them here so that you can have all these recipes at one place. Please find below Tamarind Chutney, Yogurt Chutney , Raw...
- 1
If you are looking for Indian rice recipes, given are ingredients and preparation method of 30 different types easy to make and tasty rice varieties. These dishes can be made with left over rice also.
- 3
Vegetable Soups are tasty and do not take much to make. They are healthy and provide all nutrition to the body and has fewer calories. Given are recipes of 5 vegetarian soups.
Comments 2 comments
Really starting to dig this hubhop feature. Finding some really cool stuff!
Thanks for sharing! Sounds interesting! I must try...


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Look up product instructions, videos and articles about your favorite tools using our Learning Center.
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Welcome to Woodcraft of Grand Rapids!
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some great holiday projects. (It follows after a brief ad).
Great job, Dale! We love your enthusiasm for woodworking, and your
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Thank you to all of you who participated in our first Treasure Chest Giveaway!
Congratulations to the winners! A few of of our (non-Camera shy) winners are shown below.
We've got a superb selection of DOMESTIC & EXOTIC SLABS and LUMBER, TURNING STOCK & VENEER!
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We carry CHERRY, RED OAK, MAPLE, and WALNUT 4 x 8 sheets of plywood, usually in thicknesses of 1/4", 1/2" & 3/4". These are also available in 1/2" sheets as well.
We also carry 5 x 5 sheets of BALTIC BIRCH in 1/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", & 3/4"
Depending on the inventory we receive, some specials emerge & end quickly. The best way for us to communicate those limited deals to you is by email. If you're not receiving our emails, stop by the store and sign-up or contact us via firstname.lastname@example.com.
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GB7 - For use with basses equipped with Gotoh GB7 tuners. (Gotoh GB7 tuners are easily identified by the round shaped cover plate.)
Hipshot has told us we will have more of these within a few weeks. Order it now, and we will ship it the same day we receive it from Hipshot.


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This is a fabulous vintage pin which was made and signed by SCHREINER of NEW YORK
The pin features rootbeer, light blue, aurora borealis and clear rectangular shaped rhinestones with three rounds. One of the rounds is inverted.
The pin measures 1 1/8" long by 2" wide.
VERY GOOD condition! Could use a cleaning. Signed SCHREINER NY on reverse.
3 other shoppers have this item in their Cart or Wish List .
Specializing in vintage costume jewelry!
We love to hear offers! Please email us and see if we can do better on a particular item! Oftentimes we can!


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Office unit is 97.2 square meters, 2 rooms + kitchen + closet, PocerniceShow detail
OFFICE SPACE, 73m2, MALÁ ŠTĚPÁNSKÁ ST, P-2 NOVÉ MĚSTOShow detail
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Rental of highly reresentative office space 41m2, Ruzyne airport, PragueShow detail
Offices 98m2, Prague 1, Street Politickych veznuShow detail
Attractive place to do your business, just 6 min. walk from metro stop Dejvicka. Furnished 3 office rooms, shower. kitchen etc.Show detail


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Featured property
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£574,950 Guide Price
3 Bedrooms Semi Detached House for sale
Coverts Road, Claygate, Esher, Surrey, KT10
Pretty 3 bedroom semi detached cottage in claygate offered for sale in excellent decorative order by the present owners. there are two reception rooms with feature fire places and…
3 Bedrooms Terraced House for sale
This three bedroom family home is well presented throughout and offers spacious accommodation with modern decorations, kitchen and bathroom. the house is set in an idyllic position,…
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Top 5 Parks in Italy You Need to Visit If you're a traveler who wants some breathing space between your exploration of Italy's museums and historic districts, then visiting the country's top parks and gardens should definitely be on your itinerary as well. Many of these parks and gardens are ancient places themselves, but they still serve as welcoming oases for weary tourists and locals alike, people who are looking for some relief from the urban hustle and bustle. Villa Borghese – Located on the Pincian Hill in the heart of Rome, the Villa Borghese Pinciana was built in the 1600s by the architect Flaminio Ponzio, who was commissioned by the Catholic cardinal and art patron Scipione Borghese to create a villa that would house his art collection. Reinvented as a public park when the Borghese family sold the estate to the Italian government in 1902, the Villa Borghese now […]
Yes! Please send me my FREE Insider Italy Vacation Checklist with all the insider travel secrets I'll need for a perfect Italy vacation.
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Monday, March 1, 2010
Tank Girl and Tank miniatures
Games Workshop Necromunda Escher miniature plus a modified 1/35 scale tank kit equals Tank Girl by Rob Jedi.
*Previously: Tank Girl custom action figure.
*Buy Tank Girl collections at Amazon.
Labels: comic books, games workshop, miniature, warhammer 40k
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Gender: Girl
Meaning: Guide
Origin: Indian
Religion: Hindu
Sahila is a Hindu Girl name, meaning of the name is Guide and origin of the name is Indian. This name is mostly used in Hindu.
If you select the name Sahila for your baby, Congratulations! But if you don't like Sahila then please continue searching our site.
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Hope In A Box
Better than Christmas, that's what it's been. In 2013, volunteers at Free The Girls in Chesterton, Indiana, opened thousands of boxes of donated bras. Over 120,000 bras have passed through our inventory facility in Indiana on their way to helping sex trafficking survivors.
Volunteers opened the boxes you sent from bra drives held at your churches, your FAWCO clubs, your MOPS groups, your Soroptimist clubs, your lingerie stores, your school groups, and your sororities; containing bras from you, your mother, your sisters, your friends, your daughters, and your neighbors. We read your notes of encouragement, the sweet poems, and the kind words.
Volunteers unpacked and sorted your bras, repacking them in uniform size boxes suitable for overseas shipping. Free The Girls is especially grateful to have had shipping boxes donated by Huhtamaki and Tyson Foods in 2013.
We open your boxes with a sense of anticipation, ever mindful of the recipients of those bras. We remember watching the CNN documentary "Mozambique or Bust" and seeing the girls unloading the shipping container and opening the boxes–they literally rejoiced over the bras they found inside. For them, those bras are food on the table, a roof over their heads, and a chance at a new life. Those bras–each of those bras you donated–are hope. Hope, in a box.
Blog & Photos courtesy of Pam Gumns, Free The Girls Inventory Coordinator, Volunteer
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