text:
LAHSO Situational Awareness:
- Situational awareness is vital to the success of LAHSO. Situational awareness starts with having current airport information in the cockpit, readily accessible to the pilot. (An airport diagram assists pilots in identifying their location on the airport, thus reducing requests for "progressive taxi instructions" from controllers)
- Situational awareness includes effective pilot-controller radio communication. ATC expects pilots to specifically acknowledge and read back all LAHSO clearances as follows:
- ATC: "[Callsign], cleared to land runway 6R, hold short of taxiway bravo for crossing traffic [Type Aircraft]"
- PILOT: "[Callsign], wilco, cleared to land runway 6R, landing aircraft will hold short of taxiway bravo"
- ATC: "[Callsign], cross runway 6R at taxiway bravo, landing aircraft will hold short"
- PILOT: "[Callsign], wilco, cross runway 6R at bravo, landing traffic [Type Aircraft] to hold"
- Once accepted, a LAHSO clearance must be adhered to, just as any other clearance unless amended or an emergency occurs
- Situational awareness also includes a thorough understanding of the airport markings, signage, and lighting associated with LAHSO. These visual aids consist of a three-part system of yellow hold-short markings, red and white signage and, in certain cases, in-pavement lighting. Visual aids assist the pilot in determining where to hold short. Pilots are cautioned that not all airports conducting LAHSO have installed any or all of the above markings, signage, or lighting [Figure 1/2/3]
- Pilots should only receive a LAHSO clearance when VMC exists
- The intent of having "basic" VFR weather (1000' and 3 SM visibility) conditions is to allow pilots to maintain visual contact with other aircraft and ground vehicle operations. Pilots should consider the effects of prevailing inflight visibility (such as landing into the sun) and how it may affect overall situational awareness. Additionally, surface vehicles and aircraft being taxied by maintenance personnel may also be participating in LAHSO, especially in those operations that involve crossing an active runway
LAHSO Procedures:
- To conduct LAHSO, pilots should become familiar with all available information concerning LAHSO at their destination airport
- Pilots should have, readily available, the published ALD and runway slope information for all LAHSO runway combinations at each airport of intended landing. Additionally, knowledge about landing performance data permits the pilot to readily determine that the ALD for the assigned runway is sufficient for safe LAHSO
- ALD is published in the special notices section of the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) and controllers will provide this information on request as well
- As part of a pilot's preflight planning process, pilots should determine if their destination airport has LAHSO. If so, their preflight planning process should include an assessment of which LAHSO combinations would work for them given their aircraft's required landing distance. Good pilot decision making is knowing in advance whether one can accept a LAHSO clearance if offered
- Pilots should have, readily available, the published ALD and runway slope information for all LAHSO runway combinations at each airport of intended landing. Additionally, knowledge about landing performance data permits the pilot to readily determine that the ALD for the assigned runway is sufficient for safe LAHSO
- If, for any reason, such as difficulty in discerning the location of a LAHSO intersection, wind conditions, aircraft condition, etc., the pilot elects to request to land on the full length of the runway, to land on another runway, or to decline LAHSO, a pilot is expected to promptly inform air traffic, ideally even before the clearance is issued. A LAHSO clearance, once accepted, must be adhered to, just as any other ATC clearance, unless an amended clearance is obtained or an emergency occurs. A LAHSO clearance does not preclude a rejected landing
- A pilot who accepts a LAHSO clearance should land and exit the runway at the first convenient taxiway (unless directed otherwise) before reaching the hold short point. Otherwise, the pilot must stop and hold at the hold short point. If a rejected landing becomes necessary after accepting a LAHSO clearance, the pilot should maintain safe separation from other aircraft or vehicles, and should promptly notify the controller
- Controllers need a full read back of all LAHSO clearances. Pilots should read back their LAHSO clearance and include the words, "HOLD SHORT OF (RUNWAY/TAXIWAY/OR POINT)" in their acknowledgment of all LAHSO clearances. In order to reduce frequency congestion, pilots are encouraged to read back the LAHSO clearance without prompting. Don't make the controller have to ask for a read back!
- If a rejected landing becomes necessary after accepting a LAHSO clearance, the pilot should maintain safe separation from other aircraft or vehicles, and should promptly notify the controller
- As the final authority for safety and operation of the aircraft, Pilots-In-Command may accept such a clearance when it is determined the aircraft can safely land and stop within the ALD
- Pilots are expected to decline a LAHSO clearance if they determine it will compromise safety
- This procedure can be done safely provided pilots and controllers are knowledgeable and understand their responsibilities
- Student pilots or pilots unfamiliar with LAHSO should not participate in the program
- Good pilot decision making is knowing in advance whether one can accept a LAHSO clearance if offered
- For those airplanes flown with two crewmembers, effective intra−cockpit communication between cockpit crewmembers is also critical. There have been several instances where the pilot working the radios accepted a LAHSO clearance but then simply forgot to tell the pilot flying the aircraft
- Aeronautical Information Manual (4-3-11) Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short Operations
- AOPA - Land and Hold Short Operations
- CFI Notebook.net - Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD)
- CFI Notebook.net - Aviation Roles
- FAA - LAHSO Guide


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This movie should have won best picture in the year it came out, because it is the second best movie I have ever seen, the best being, 'The Matrix', (not counting the original US theatrical release of 'Highlander' which has never been released on DVD), and 'The Matrix' was like 'Highlander', never nominated for 'best picture'.If anybody knows how to get a copy of 'Johnston...Johnston' on DVD, please post a message. Even though this small "indy" film is only about 23 minutes long, I would still want to acquire it on DVD.'Johnston...Johnston' is both political commentary, and erotica of a Dominance & Submission nature. It is very mature in handling the theme of "authority versus power" dynamic between males and females, and what happens when females have both, and males have neither authority nor power. A male may only have authority over a woman if she chooses to submit to him: Submit means to consider...does not mean, obey. And a woman will have power over a man who desires her. Could erotica exist without NEEDS versus WANTS? Hence, this movie, though it hints at erotica, quickly becomes an exposition on the abuse of males in the workplace by females, and how the males are isolated, desolate, and mute. I think many confuse power with physical strength, as in weapons of war, such as guns. But that is not true power, but either fear of power, or hostility and aggression. Authority and Power are spiritual concepts: With great power comes great responsibility, and so they with great power turn to the wise for guidance. Can any individual be trusted with both authority and power? A man feels a NEED for his wife, whereas she may only WANT him, if he is useful. It is as if females have a monopoly on the water supply, and expect males to produce wine for them. Would you water a tomato plant that did not bear fruit? Anyway, there is very little dialogue in this movie, but what dialogue there is, is powerfully written. This movie does not waste words; it is a work of genius. After what seems like a decade, I still think about it, even though I have not seen it again in that space of time.What I really appreciate about this movie is the fact that besides "innuendo", nobody says anything "explicit". The "word play" is juxtaposed besides "visual poetry", and nobody takes off their clothes, or uses "curse words" (profanity). The (colourful) outfits of the main female characters is contrasted with the vanilla-like "fashion" (blandness) of the office attire the males wear, and the males appear to be mute, like in a Charlie Chaplin (black and white) movie. One of the females, if I remember correctly, is even wearing military fatigues complemented with "General Douglas McArthur"-like sunglasses. Again, visual poetry is combined with word play in this movie about female domination in the workplace. And the question left for the audience to consider is, What is "sexual harassment" (or "sexual assault"), psychologically speaking, and does "the silence of the males (lambs?)" constitute consent.I wonder who owns the "copyright" to this movie, and why it is not available for purchase.
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Garage Days (2003)
Garage Days Videos
Garage Days Photos
Movie Info
Watch it now
as Freddy
as Kate
as Tanya
as Bruno
as Joe
as Lucy
as Kevin
as Shad Kern
as Angie
as Thommo
as Scarlet
as Scarlet
as Toby
as Shrimp Lead Guitarist
as Sprimp Drummer
as Sprimp Bass Player
as Destiny
as Tanya's Father
as Tanya's Mother
as Little Freddie
as Swami
as Music Teacher
as Music Teacher
as Freddy's Mum
as Freddy's Dad
as Punk Lead Singer
as Punk Guitarist
as Punk Bass Guitarist
as Punk Drummer
as Freddy's Babysitter
as Impatient Yuppie
as Freddy's Co-Worker
as University Professor
as Male Student
as Granny
as Pharmacist
as Busty Young Blond
as Very Large Boyfriend
as Elderly Neighbor
as Suicidal Man
as Crying Woman
as Dumpy Guy
as York Pub Manager
as York Pub Band
as York Pub Band
as York Pub Band
as York Pub Band
as York Pub Band
as Young Woman
as Lucy's Woman
as Rockumentarian
as Shad's Assistant
as Phone Sex Supervisor
as Yuppie
as Girl Student
as Paramedic No.1
as Paramedic No.2
as Rave Victim
as Real Koala
as Drooling Man
as Non-Drooling Man
as Cocky Male Student
as Pick-Up Man
as Pick-Up Woman
as Mai
as Kate's Co-Worker
as Roadie
as Hot Babe
as Hot Babe
as Sound Engineer
as Sound Engineer
as Flower Seller
as RSL Tribute Band
as RSL Tribute Band
as RSL Tribute Band
as RSL Tribute Band
as RSL Tribute Band
as Mover No.1
as Cabbie
as Event Manager
as Homebake Security Guard
as Homebake Security Guard
as Yellow Hair Guy
as Mosh Pit Kid
as Cheif Roadie
as Celebrant
as Joe's Goth Girl
as Joe Jr.
as Stripper No. 2
as Rapper Girl
as Rapper Girl
as Rapper Girl
as Rapper Girl
as Rapper Girl
as Rapper Girl
as Security Guard
as Security Guard
as The `B's
as The `B's
as The `B's
as Police Officer
as Nurse
as Rave Patron
as Rave Patron
as Rave Patron
Critic Reviews for Garage Days
All Critics (53) | Top Critics (19) | Fresh (23) | Rotten (30) | DVD (5)
A movie of shopworn riffs and borrowed noise, dressed up with considerable surface polish and glam production values.
Garage Days feels like a movie that belongs in the garage; it's where you put things that you can't quite dismiss, but don't really like enough to have cluttering up your actual living quarters.
The jokes are as lame as they are tame.
Though the storytelling is a bit lopsided, the slapdash quality is charming overall, and the movie benefits from colorful characters and a couple of hilarious scenes.
The characters are often sketchy at best.
Audience Reviews for Garage Days
It's hard to believe Alex Proyas could make something this awful. Then again I haven't seen Knowing.
Imagine Trainspotting developed into a network TV show, then sold to HBO at the last minute so they could add swearing. Also the tag line, "what if you finally got your big break, and you just plain sucked?" totally spoils the movie. Imagine the tag line for planet of the apes being "what if you found a planet inhabited by monkeys, and it turned out it was Earth?"
Super Reviewer
Spectacular Aussie comedy on sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll. Pia Miranda's cool in her 'angry management' performance.
Super Reviewer
Garage Days Quotes
Discussion Forum
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 18, 2008
|Filing date
|Oct 28, 2003
|Priority date
|Feb 27, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gerhard Fritz Blöhdorn
|Original Assignee
|Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (38), Referenced by (8), Classifications (8), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to the field of electronic reproduction technology and pertains to an apparatus for controlling the temperature of an exposure drum in an exposer for recording printing originals on printing plates.
In reproduction technology, printing originals for printed pages that contain all the elements to be printed such as texts, graphics and images are produced. For color printing, a separate printing original is produced for each printing ink and contains all the elements that are printed in the respective color. For four-color printing, these are the printing inks cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK). The printing originals separated in accordance with printing inks also referred to as color separations. The printing originals are generally screened and, by using an exposer, are exposed onto films, with which printing plates for printing large editions are then produced. Alternatively, the printing originals can also be exposed directly onto printing plates in special exposure devices, or they are transferred directly as digital data to a digital printing press. There, the printing-original data is then exposed onto printing plates, for example with an exposing unit integrated into the printing press, before the printing of the edition begins immediately thereafter.
According to the current prior art, the printing originals are reproduced electronically. In this case, the images are scanned in a color scanner and stored in the form of digital data. Texts are generated with text processing programs and graphics with drawing programs. Using a layout program, the image, text and graphic elements are assembled to form a printed page. Following the separation into the printing inks, the printing originals are then present in digital form. The data formats largely used nowadays to describe the printing originals are the page description languages PostScript and portable document format (PDF). In a first step, the PostScript or PDF data is converted in a raster image processor (RIP) into color separation values for the CMYK color separations before the recording of the printing originals. In the process, for each image point, four color separation values are produced as tonal values in the value range from 0 to 100%. The color separation values are a measure of the color densities with which the four printing inks cyan, magenta, yellow and black are printed on the printing material. In special cases, in which printing is carried out with more than four colors (decorative colors), each image point is described by as many color separation values as there are printing inks. The color separation values can be stored, for example, as a data value with 8 bits for each image point and printing ink, with which the value range from 0% to 100% is subdivided into 256 tonal value steps.
The data from a plurality of printed pages is assembled together with the data of further elements, such as register crosses, cut marks and folding marks and print control fields, to form printing originals for a printed sheet. The printed sheet data is likewise provided as color separation values (CMYK).
Different tonal values of a color separation to be reproduced may be reproduced in the print only by surface modulation of the printing inks applied, that is to say by screening. The surface modulation of the printing inks can be carried out, for example, in accordance with a halftone method, in which the various tonal value steps of the color separation data are converted into halftone dots of different size, which are disposed in a regular pattern with periodically repeating halftone cells. During the recording of the color separations on a printing plate, the halftone dots in the individual halftone cells are assembled from exposure points that are an order of magnitude smaller than the halftone dots. A typical resolution of the exposure points is, for example, 1,000 exposure points per centimeter, that is to say an exposure point has the dimensions 10 μm×10 μm. Conversion of the color separation values into halftone dots takes place in a second step during the further processing of the color separation data in the raster image processor, as a result of which the color separation data is converted into high-resolution binary values with only two lightness values (exposed or not exposed) which form the pattern of the modulated dot grid. In this way, the printing original data of each color separation is described in the form of a high-resolution halftone bitmap which, for each of the exposure points on the printed area, contains a bit which indicates whether the exposure point is to be exposed or not.
In the recording devices that are used in electronic reproduction technology for the exposure of printing originals and printing forms, for example a laser beam is produced by a laser diode, shaped by an optical device and focused onto the recording material and deflected over the recording material point-by-point and line by line by a deflection system. There are also recording devices which, in order to increase the exposure speed, produce a bundle of laser beams, for example with a separate laser diode for each laser beam, and expose a plurality of image lines of the printing form simultaneously each time they sweep across the recording material. The printing forms can be exposed onto film material, so that what are known as color separation films are produced, which are then used for the production of printing plates by a photographic copying process. Instead, the printing plates themselves can also be exposed in a plate exposer or directly in a digital press, into which a unit for exposing plates is integrated. The recording material can be located on a drum (external drum exposer), in a cylindrical hollow (internal drum exposer) or on a flat surface (flatbed exposer).
In the case of an external drum exposer, the material to be exposed, in the form of films or printing plates, is mounted on a drum mounted such that it can rotate. While the drum rotates, an exposure head is moved axially along the drum at a relatively short distance. The exposure head focuses one or more laser beams onto the drum surface, sweeping over the drum surface in the form of a narrow helix. In this way, during each drum revolution, one or more image lines are exposed onto the recording material.
During the exposure of the printing originals, care must be taken that the position of the exposed surface, as related to the edges of the recording material or as related to the holes punched in the leading edge for all color separations of a printed sheet, is always the same, since the color separations are subsequently to be printed over one another coincidentally in the press. The punched holes in the printing plates are used for correct positioning when the printing plates are clamped onto the plate cylinder in the press. The position of the exposed surface and the position of the punched holes are determined in relation to a leading edge and one or both side edges of the recording material. The edges of the recording material are brought into a defined position on the exposure drum by contact pins or their position is measured after the material has been clamped on. The starting point of the exposure is then set on the basis of the position of the edges such that the reference to the edges of the recording material is always the same.
In spite of these measures, it is not always ensured that all the color separations coincide during the exposure of printing plates. Printing plates generally have a carrier material of aluminum with a thickness in the range from 0.1 to 0.3 mm. As a result of temperature-induced longitudinal expansion, they change their dimensions by about 24 μm per degree Celsius and per meter edge length. As a rule, the printing plates for all the color separations of a printed sheet are recorded immediately one after another in the same printing plate exposer, so that the fluctuations in the temperature from one recording to the next are so low that they do not play any part. However, it can also occur that the color separations of a printed sheet are recorded on different printing plate exposers that are in different temperature-controlled rooms, or they are exposed at different times. The latter is regularly the case when a printing plate is damaged in the course of further processing and therefore has to be exposed once more. Then, the temperature in the exposer can in the meantime have deviated from the temperature during the first exposure to such an extent that the printing plates had different expansions during the different exposure operations. If the printing plates are subsequently clamped into the press at a standard temperature, the printing plates experience different changes in their length and width, depending on the difference between the standard temperature and the temperature which they had during the exposure. As a result, the color separations from the first exposure and from the re-exposure can deviate from one another in terms of their dimensions in such a way that the register errors can no longer be tolerated.
In order to solve this problem, it may be necessary to set up the printing plate exposers in an air-conditioned room, but this entails restrictions and gives rise to high costs. Another possibility is always to expose all the color separations of a printed sheet once more when re-exposure is needed for one color separation. However, this is costly and time-consuming. A further possibility is to condition the air in the interior of the printing plate exposer. However, in this case, various problems are encountered. In order to reduce the ingress of dust and gases from outside, a slight positive pressure is produced in the interior. The printing plate is fixed on the exposure drum with the aid of a vacuum. During the exposure with powerful laser beams, particles and gases that are produced have to be extracted in order to protect the units in the exposer, in particular the optical components, against contamination. All these different air movements increase the difficulties and the effort involved in implementing an effective air-conditioning system, largely sealed off from external conditions, for the air in the interior of the exposer.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,225 A1 discloses a method with which the temperature-dependent expansion or shrinkage of a printing plate to be exposed is compensated for. Using a sensor, the temperature of the printing plate is measured before the exposure and, depending on the difference from a reference temperature, a scale conversion of the color separation data to be exposed is carried out. The scale change is such that all the color separations of a printed sheet have the same dimensions when the relevant printing plates assume the reference temperature, irrespective of the temperature at which they were exposed. The reference temperature can, for example, be the temperature that is subsequently present during printing in the press.
Published, German Patent Application DE 101 37 166 A1, corresponding to published U.S. patent application 2002023557 A1, describes a method of controlling the temperature of the printing plates during printing, in order, with an expansion of the printing plates caused thereby, to compensate for the geometric distortions which the printing material experiences as it passes through a number of printing units as a result of picking up damping solution and of the printing pressure. To this end, a temperature profile that can be adjusted in the circumferential direction is impressed on the printing plate, for example by temperature control elements that are incorporated in the circumferential surface of the plate cylinder. Alternatively, the printing plate temperature is controlled by the ink applicator rolls and the damping solution applicator roll, which can be adjusted to different circumferential temperatures.
The known apparatuses and methods for compensating for or avoiding the temperature-dependent changes in the dimensions of printing plates during exposure are structurally complicated and associated with high costs.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide an apparatus for controlling the temperature of an exposure drum in a printing plate exposer that overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art devices of this general type, which is simple and reliable for controlling the temperature of the exposure drum in an exposer for recording printing originals on printing plates.
With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, an apparatus for controlling a temperature of a recording material in an external drum exposer having an exposure drum for holding the recording material. The apparatus contains an internal pipe disposed on an axis of the exposure drum, and at least one rotary lead-through fluidically communicating with and through which a temperature-controlled liquid flows into the internal pipe.
The object is achieved by an apparatus with which, during the exposure, a temperature-controlled liquid is led through the exposure drum, so that the circumferential surface of the exposure drum and the printing plate clamped on the latter assume a defined temperature, irrespective of the external temperature.
In accordance with an added feature of the invention, webs are provided and are connected to the internal pipe. The exposure drum is a cylinder connected to the internal pipe by the webs.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, the cylinder, the internal pipe and the webs are fabricated from a thermally conductive material, preferably aluminum.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, the cylinder, the internal pipe and the webs are fabricated from an extruded part.
In accordance with an additional feature of the invention, the rotary lead-through is disposed at a first end of the exposure drum with which the temperature-controlled liquid is led into the internal pipe. A further rotary lead-through is disposed at a second end of the exposure drum with which the temperature-controlled liquid is led out of the internal pipe. Alternatively, the rotary lead-through can be a two-way rotary lead-through disposed at one end of the exposure drum, the two-way rotary lead-through leading the temperature-controlled liquid into and out of the internal pipe.
In accordance with a further additional feature of the invention, a temperature control unit is disposed in a path of the temperature-controlled liquid for keeping the temperature-controlled liquid at a constant temperature. Ideally, the temperature-controlled liquid is water and may contain a corrosion-prevention additive and/or an antifreeze additive.
In accordance with a concomitant feature of the invention, the recording material is a printing plate.
Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in an apparatus for controlling the temperature of an exposure drum in a printing plate exposer, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to the figures of the drawing in detail and first, particularly, to
An exposure head 11 is moved axially along the exposure drum 1 at a relatively short distance as the exposure drum 1 rotates. The exposure head 11 focuses one or more laser beams 12 onto the drum surface, which sweep over the drum surface in the form of narrow helices. In this way, during each drum revolution, one or more image lines are exposed onto the recording material in a circumferential direction x. The exposure head 11 is moved in a feed direction y by a feed spindle 13, to which it is connected by a form fit and which is set moving rotationally by a feed drive 14.
A printing original 15 to be exposed on the printing plate 3 covers only part of the total recording area available. However, for all the color separations that are exposed one after another on different printing plates 3, the printing original 15 must always have the same position in relation to the edges of the printing plate 3 and the same dimensions, in order that no register errors occur later during the overprinting of the color separations. The tolerance of the remaining displacement between the color separations or the remaining different dimensions should be less than 25 μm. The always constant relationship with the leading edge is ensured, for example, by the contact pins 8, against which the leading edge 4 of the printing plate 3 is placed as it is clamped onto the exposure drum 1 before the exposure. The relationship to one of the side edges of the printing plate 3 is ensured by a non-illustrated measuring device, which determines the exact position of one of the side edges after the clamping and places the edge position determined in this way in a relationship with the position of the exposure head 11 at the start of the exposure. By appropriate displacement of the starting point of the exposure, care is taken that the position of the printing original 15 is also always constant in relation to the side edges of the printing plate 3.
Printing plates with an aluminum carrier exhibit a temperature-dependent longitudinal expansion of about 24 μm per degree Celsius and per meter edge length. In spite of the exact relationship between the printing original 15 to be exposed and the plate edges, therefore, the maximum tolerance of 25 μm for a register deviation can be exceeded considerably if the printing originals 15 of the color separations are exposed at different temperatures and the printing plates 3 are then later brought to a standard temperature when they are clamped into the press.
With the apparatus according to the invention, this problem is solved in that the printing plates 3 are already brought to a defined standard temperature during the exposure, and thus all assume the same expansion.
The exposure drum 1 is brought to a defined temperature, for example 25 degrees Celsius, by a temperature-control liquid being led through the internal pipe 21. The temperature-control liquid is introduced at one end of the exposure drum 1 by a rotary lead-through 23 and discharged at the other end by a further rotary lead-through 24. The discharged liquid is fed to a temperature control unit 25, where it is heated or cooled, depending on the external temperature, in order to keep it at a constant temperature. It is then fed to the internal pipe 21 again via the rotary lead-through 23. The circulation of the temperature-control liquid is maintained by a pump 26. The temperature-control liquid used is preferably water, which can further be mixed with suitable additives for protection against corrosion and frost.
The rotary lead-throughs 23 and 24 are commercially available components, which can be obtained in various configuration for a great variety of applications. In principle, they contain a stationary pipe 27 and a pipe 28 that is mounted such that it can rotate, is connected to the end of the exposure drum 1 and rotates together with the latter. The stationary pipe 27 is sealed off by a sealing ring 29, and the rotating pipe 28 is sealed off by a sealing ring 30. The sealing rings 29 and 30 slide on each other when the exposure drum 1 rotates, but they seal off the pipes so well that no liquid can emerge from the gap between the sealing rings.
Because of the good thermal conductivity of the aluminum, the temperature of the temperature-control liquid is quickly assumed by the internal pipe 21, passed onto the cylinder 20 via the webs 22 and distributed homogeneously to all the parts of the exposure drum 1. Since the printing plate 3 likewise is formed of aluminum as a carrier material and, by vacuum suction, bears closely against the surface of the exposure drum 1, it likewise assumes the defined constant temperature. By special shaping of the inner surface of the internal pipe 21, for example with longitudinal ribs, the heat transfer between the temperature-control liquid and the internal pipe 21 can be assisted further.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 4, 1954
|Feb 21, 1961
|Method of viscosity control in printing
|Dec 4, 1974
|May 18, 1976
|Roland Offsetmaschinenfabrik Faber & Schleicher Ag
|Inking system for printing machines
|Sep 10, 1985
|Oct 21, 1986
|Albert-Frankenthal Ag
|Cylinder with internal heat exchange coils to handle continuous webs
|Apr 10, 1989
|Apr 3, 1990
|W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.
|Chill roll
|May 2, 1988
|May 1, 1990
|Webquip Corporation
|Method of cooling hot webs
|Nov 30, 1989
|Dec 24, 1991
|Seiichi Kurosawa
|Thermoregulator of a block cylinder used for an offset press
|Aug 14, 1992
|Dec 28, 1993
|Electro Sprayer Systems, Inc.
|Ink temperature control system for waterless lithographic printing
|Jun 24, 1994
|Jul 16, 1996
|Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag
|Distortion-reduced lithographic printing press
|Mar 31, 1995
|May 5, 1998
|Agfa Division, Bayer Corporation
|Condition sensitive method and apparatus for imaging a lithographic printing plate
|Mar 29, 1996
|Jul 28, 1998
|Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag
|Printing mechanism and means for cooling transfer and form cylinders
|Jul 25, 1996
|Sep 29, 1998
|Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag
|Cylinder with a printing cover for offset printing
|Nov 7, 1996
|Mar 16, 1999
|Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag
|Device for cooling the surface of a blanket of a printing unit cylinder
|Apr 9, 1998
|Oct 19, 1999
|Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag
|Web infeed device for rotary printing presses
|Apr 27, 1998
|May 23, 2000
|Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag
|Inking device for a printing machine
|Oct 2, 1998
|Aug 15, 2000
|Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for operating a rotary printing press and device for carrying out the method
|Aug 28, 1998
|Aug 22, 2000
|Integrated Design Corp.
|Rotary hot foil stamping apparatus
|Nov 19, 1997
|Aug 29, 2000
|Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag
|Film inking unit for a rotary printing machine
|Sep 14, 1999
|Jun 26, 2001
|Agfa Corporation
|Imaging system having external drum and method for producing drum
|Jan 18, 2002
|Jul 15, 2003
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Rotary anode type X-ray tube apparatus
|May 10, 2000
|Nov 4, 2003
|Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag
|Rotary printing machine with a plate cylinder, a transfer cylinder and an impression cylinder
|Oct 5, 2000
|Feb 10, 2004
|Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft
|Cylinder of a rotation printing machine having tempering medium distribution conduit
|Aug 23, 2001
|Feb 28, 2002
|Axel Hauck
|Method for controlling the temperature of printing form surfaces during printing
|Jul 22, 1999
|Aug 22, 2002
|Ted Desaulniers
|Process temperature control system for rotary process machinery
|Sep 1, 1994
|May 11, 1995
|Roland Man Druckmasch
|Druckwerk für wasserlosen Offsetdruck
|Jul 27, 2001
|Mar 14, 2002
|Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag
|Image correction during print forme exposure, with forme exposed to position compensating temperature profile during exposure
|Jul 30, 2001
|Mar 7, 2002
|Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag
|Print carrying surface temperature control method for multicolor rotary printing machine, involves compensating printing effect arising during passage of printed material through printing unit
|Mar 24, 1995
|Sep 26, 1996
|Roland Man Druckmasch
|Temperierbarer zylindrischer Rotationskörper
|Oct 2, 1997
|Apr 8, 1999
|Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag
|Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Rotationsdruckmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
|Feb 18, 1993
|Aug 31, 1994
|Baldwin Printing Controls Limited
|Thermal roller using heat pipe
|Mar 15, 1996
|Sep 25, 1996
|MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
|Rotary cylindrical body with temperature regulation
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Mar 18, 1997
|Sep 25, 1997
|Nouel Jean Marie
|Industrial method and device for preparing lightened or pre-lightened positive plates for offset printing
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 19, 2001
|Dec 8, 2009
|Gallus Ferd. Ruesch Ag
|Pressure cylinder in the form of a hollow cylinder made of metal
|Sep 4, 2009
|Mar 5, 2013
|Pulsar Vascular, Inc.
|Systems and methods for supporting or occluding a physiological opening or cavity
|Feb 22, 2013
|Mar 17, 2015
|Pulsar Vascular, Inc.
|Systems and methods for supporting or occluding a physiological opening or cavity
|Oct 5, 2012
|Sep 1, 2015
|Pulsar Vascular, Inc.
|Devices, systems and methods for enclosing an anatomical opening
|Mar 14, 2013
|Feb 16, 2016
|Pulsar Vascular, Inc.
|Systems and methods for enclosing an anatomical opening, including coil-tipped aneurysm devices
|Sep 3, 2010
|Mar 8, 2016
|Pulsar Vascular, Inc.
|Systems and methods for enclosing an anatomical opening
|Dec 19, 2001
|Aug 4, 2005
|Werner Fah
|Pressure cylinder in the form of a hollow cylinder made of metal
|Sep 4, 2009
|Apr 15, 2010
|Pulsar Vascular, Inc.
|Systems and methods for supporting or occluding a physiological opening or cavity
|U.S. Classification
|101/467, 101/401.1, 101/487
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 28, 2003
Owner name: HEIDELBERGER DRUCKMASCHINEN AG, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BLOHDORN, GERHARD FRITZ;REEL/FRAME:014659/0655
Effective date: 20031016
|Aug 30, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 25, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Unpacking Scripture in Youth Ministry
By Andrew Root
YS Price: $11.00
- Retail Price: $12.99 (You Save 15%)
In stock
Unpacking Scripture in Youth Ministry focuses on how to teach and present the Bible in the lives of teenagers. Andrew Root argues that teens are constant interpreters — always asking the questions, who am I? and what do others think of me? — and so youth ministers must teach them to interpret the actions of God as revealed in the Bible. This view is different than teaching biblical knowledge — memory verses and Bible facts — and it's different than teaching them to interpret the Bible themselves. Rather, they are to view the Bible as a tool for interpreting God's actions and then respond with their own actions.
- Subject: CHURCH and MINISTRY/MINISTRY RESOURCES/YOUTH MINISTRY
- Form Description: Hardcover, Jacketed
- Contributor: Andrew Root
- Contributor Bio: Andrew Root (PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary) is the Olson Baalson associate professor of youth and family ministry at Luther Seminary (St. Paul, Minnesota). He is the author of several books, including Relationships Unfiltered and coauthor of The Theological Turn in Youth Ministry with Kenda Creasy Dean. Andy has worked in congregations, parachurch ministries, and social service programs. He lives in St. Paul with his wife, Kara, two children, Owen and Maisy, and their two dogs, Kirby and Kimmel. When not reading, writing, or teaching, Andy spends far too much time watching TV and movies.
- Number of Pages: 128
- Publisher: Zondervan/Youth Specialties
- Country of Publication: US
- Publication Date: 2013
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Batavia Airlines, Sriwijaya Air, Mandala Airlines, Lion Air and Indonesia AirAsia are each seeking a share of an additional 4,000 weekly seats on offer between Indonesia and Australia, following the signing of a new bilateral air services agreement (KOMPAS.com, 21-Jul-2010). Only Indonesia AirAsia currently operates to Australia. Batavia Air Commercial Director, Hasudungan Pandiangan, claims the carrier has already received in-principle agreement to operate to Australia. [more - Perspective]
Five Indonesian airlines vie for additional seats to Australia
You may also be interested in the following articles...
Lion Group expands fleet by 16 aircraft in 1H2016, surpassing the 250 aircraft milestone
Indonesia-based Lion Group expanded its fleet by 16 aircraft in 1H2016, cementing its position as the largest airline group in Southeast Asia. Lion now has a fleet of more than 250 aircraft while its rival AirAsia – the region's second largest group – has under 200 aircraft based in Southeast Asia.
However a net gain of 16 aircraft over the last six months marks a slowdown for Lion. The group's fleet grew by 59 aircraft in 2015 and 39 aircraft in 2014.
None of Lion Group's five airline subsidiaries or affiliates added more than five aircraft in 1H2016, resulting in relatively modest capacity expansion. The rate of expansion will likely pick up in 2H2016 but not approach previous levels.
Lion Group and Turkish Airlines could fill the void in Australia-Bali market as AirAsia X withdraws
Competition could again intensify on Australia-Bali routes, despite the upcoming withdrawal of AirAsia X. The long haul low cost group drove 7% growth in the Australia-Bali market in 2015 but is suspending services to Bali from Melbourne and Sydney at the end of Aug-2016.
The Lion Group and Turkish Airlines are both looking to launch services between Bali and Australia, which could potentially fill the void left by AirAsia X in the Bali to Melbourne and Sydney markets. The Lion Group could also fill the void in the Bali-Brisbane market left by Garuda Indonesia, which suspended services to Brisbane in early 2015.
The Australia-Bali market has grown steadily and nearly quadrupled in size over the last decade. However competition is intense, making it difficult for any new entrant – as AirAsia X discovered.


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REDUCED & 1/2 MO FREE RENT IF LEASED BY 1/1/17! Be the 1st to live in this Completely Remodeled Home in Desirable 3 'C''s school district! Prime Scottsdale location-NO HOA on 1 acre! High-end finishes & all appliances including washer/dryer, Pro Series stainless built-in refrigerator, microwave, dishwasher, b/i cooktop in lg island, slab granite counters t/o, wine fridge, all new cabinetry done in stylish gray & white. Spacious Dining/Living Area. Relax & enjoy the large Family Rm w/brick fireplace. Custom Master Suite offers a spa-like bathroom, lg walk-in shower & closet. Huge backyard features a pool & spa (rent includes full pool service), covered patio & plenty of room for RV parking. Everything you've been looking for in an in-town location & JUST REMODELED! CK & SEE-THIS IS A DEAL!
Nestled in the cactus-strewn landscape of the high Sonoran desert and punctuated by the dramatic Camelback and McDowell mountains, the city of Scottsdale sparkles like a diamond in a platinum setting. It's classic, stylish and metropolitan, yet Scottsdale's luxury homes, farms, ranches and estates are imbued with Southwestern charm.进一步了解斯科茨代尔的豪宅


text:
Ant and Dec have revealed they want to launch their hugely successful 'Saturday Night Takeaway' in the US.
This weekend saw a ratings high for the show, as the Geordie duo smashed the 7 million viewers mark.
Ant reportedly told The People: "We want to take Takeaway to the States as we think it's a great show.
"We think it would be brilliant for the American audience. It could be great.
"It's the right time to give it a crack. USA Takeaway should work so it's something we think it would be really good to do and make happen."
The presenters last tried to crack the States in 2008 when their show 'Wanna Bet?' was axed by US network ABC after just one series.
Meanwhile, over a decade after they hung up their pop shoes, Ant and Dec are heading back into the charts again, after they performed their 1994 hit 'Let's Get Ready To Rhumble' on this weekend's 'Saturday Night Takeaway'.
The duo's single has soared up the iTunes chart and had reached number two by Sunday night - and now looks like a contender to oust The Saturdays from the top spot when the Official Chart is unveiled on Easter Sunday.
Also on HuffPost:
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Nakagawa Chemical Equipment (Thailand) Co., Ltd./บริษัท นาคากาวะ เคมิคัล อีควิปเม้นท์ (ประเทศไทย) จำกัด
As an expert in the field of water &
wastewater treatment system, Nakagawa
Chemical Equipment (Thailand) Co., Ltd.is implementing a continuous
improvement program that will provide accurate, updated and effective
information to various customers.
Currently, company is expanding so we are looking for bright, highly energetic, capable and self-motivated candidates, with unit co-ordination skill, to fill our current opening positions.
Design Engineer (Water and Waste Water Treatment Plant)
jobsDB Ref. JTH300003001244017
Scope of Responsibilities :-
- 3-5 years work experience in design and estimation of Water & Waste Water treatment projects.
- Understand the client's requirements, tender specification, prepare time schedule closely monitoring all activities, distribution of work, process design and sizing of the complete plant, provide inputs and optimization of PFD, P&ID, GA drawings.
- Preparation and compilation of pre-bid queries, lead the technical discussion with client and consultants, response to clients requirements in time.
- Sending enquiry for getting quotes, have good vendor data base.
- Co-ordinate with other functionary departments for optimal engineering, select the vendor and negotiate for competitive quotes, estimation, calculation of applicable taxes and duties, generate documents and proceed for price approval from management.
- Forecasting for resource requirements (manpower, equipment, etc. during execution, testing and commissioning).
- Preparation of complete proposal for submission with all required information, equipment specifications and data sheets.
- Candidate is the process technical expert and have proven track record in the design, engineering, estimation of Water & Waste Water treatment processes during bidding stage on EPC-Engieering, Procurement, Construction /BOOT- Build-Own, Operate,Transfer basis and provided necessary support to operation team during execution.
- Requires individual who is knowledgeable in Membrane Treatment, Ion Exchange, Sewage Treatment Plant, Effluent Treatment Plant as well as other treatment processes and can provide leadership in process definition and process conceptualization for treatment of industrial wastewater and production of industrial process water.
- Depth knowledge of equipment markets and vendors data base in national and international arena.
- Supervise and inspect construction activities to ensure continual and efficient progress of all works as well as quality control and shall report to Client/Superior on all aspects of performance and progress
- Design, review and liaise drawing specifications/shop drawings to ensure compliance by Contractor and subcontractor as contract
- Setting up and applies standard design, techniques, procedures, and criteria to carry out a sequence of related engineering tasks.
- Monitor and determine actual manufacturing, construction planning and scheduling, construction methods, and construction progress; certify the validity of progress cited in each progress payment invoice submitted by the contractors
- Maintain records and accounts of all commitments incurred and payments to all suppliers and contractors for the execution of any part of the project
- Resolve matters related to supplier's and contractors guarantees and warranties, and pursue proceedings in connection with performance bonds and defaults
- Make claims against contractors and establish the validity of any claims made by contractors against Client. Preparation of the relevant project reports
- Perform other duties as assigned.
Key Qualification :-
- Bachelor degree in Engineering or Science in Chemical or Environment Master Degree is a plus
- Performing with the professional engineering license - Environment
- Construction managerial experience over 10 years, mainly in the field of Water and Waste Water Treatment Plant
- Understanding of construction methodology and scheduling, cost control and ability to control and supervise large groups essential
- Understanding of Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning sequencing and activity relationships
- Good people management skill
- Ability to work effectively as a member of an interdisciplinary team and independently as required
- Strong team-player, and able to work independently
- Verbal and written fluent skill in English (Japanese is a plus)
Basic Qualification :-
- Working experience at over 5 years in the field of Water and Waste Water Treatment system
- Leader ship skill and team player
- Willing to use own car with driving license
Benefit :-
- Attractive remuneration
- Annual Health check
- Medical Insurance
- Bonus
How to apply
- Click APPLY NOW to submit your application.
Please send resume with full details of qualifications, experiences and expected salary:
Human Resource Department
Nakagawa Chemical Equipment (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
161/5 2nd floor, Thesabal-nimit Nua Rd., Ladyao,
Jatujak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand.
Tel. 02-580-7094-9 Fax.02-580-7858
Website : www.nakagawakagaku.co.jp
Keywords: Chemical Waste Management


text:
Flounder With Lemon Sauce
|3 Pound
|2 Teaspoon
|3 Tablespoon
|2 , sliced
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Powdered ginger
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1 Dash
|Lemon juice
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|Grated lemon rind
|2 Tablespoon
|2 Tablespoon
|2 , beaten
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Snipped parsley
|2 Tablespoon
Cut flounder into 6 thick slices; sprinkle with salt.
Saute onions in butter in saucepan for 5 minutes.
Add flounder slices; brown lightly, turning once.
Sprinkle pepper, ginger and mace over flounder; add 2 cups water.
Simmer, covered, for 30 minutes; stir in lemon juice and rind.
Combine flour, eggs, saffron and parsley; beat well.
Add 112 cup fish stock to egg mixture gradually, beating constantly.
Return to saucepan; simmer, stirring constantly, until mixture is thickened.
Remove flounder to hot platter; pour sauce over flounder.
Serve immediately.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 1988 Calories from Fat 568
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 64 g98.5%
Saturated Fat 30.4 g152%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 1172.9 mg391%
Sodium 5180.7 mg215.9%
Total Carbohydrates 67 g22.3%
Dietary Fiber 10.5 g42.1%
Sugars 16.1 g
Protein 278 g555.5%
Vitamin A 92.9% Vitamin C 269.5%
Calcium 47.2% Iron 63.7%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Ardent takes Reel Care to the next level with thes Professional Parts Cleaning System designed to clean dirty components more completely and efficiently. Use the wire basket to soak parts in Reel Kleen Cleaner and remove them from the parts tub without a mess.The kit also includes a brush, cleaning cloth and an 8 oz. bottle of Reel Kleen Cleaner, enough for 5-6 cleanings.
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Metallic bar accents and a multi-leather design give the Nine West Sheenagh sandal its style, while a cupped heel provides extra support and enhances fit.
- Adjustable ankle strap entry with buckle closure
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- Metallic instep bar accent
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Estimated delivery date: 2 (based on standard shipping).
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text:
Amateur At Play has no description.
My history is fairly concise. I discovered house music around about 1991 when my dad brought home a present for me in the form of a radio with a cassette deck. (remember those?) To give you some context, I would have been 7 years old that year. In 2004, I met a girl who I rather liked, and she had some turntables. She started teaching me how to mix on vinyl. It never was a medium I quite mastered, and I never did get to finish those lessons, but it didn't matter too much in the end.
In 2007, I ended up downloading Virtual DJ and learnt to mix digitally – and I don't mean with the sync button. During the last few years, I noticed that house music was reverting back to the 1990s in some ways, but I also thought there wasn't enough music that I liked available to buy. I could sit back and complain, or I could try and do something about it.
So I started learning about the world of DAWs, equalization, sampling etc etc... and out of that, Amateur At Play was born. Working on a series of tribute mixes for 95 North and getting to speak to Richard Payton himself has only spurred me on further.
I play house music in all its varieties, and aim to ultimately create house music in all its varieties too. My influences include the aforementioned 95 North, Booker T, David Morales, DJ Sneak, DJ Spen, E-Smoove, Frankie Knuckles, Kerri Chandler, Masters At Work, Mood II Swing, Roger Sanchez, Sean McCabe, Steve "Silk" Hurley, Terrence Parker and Todd Edwards amongst others.
Should you still want to find out more about me, and the man behind the pseudonym, you can have a look at this page on my blog: http://amateuratplay.blogspot.co.uk/p/about-amateur-at-play.html
This is a remix contest for NYC-based band The Flowdown that I entered recently. My take is a deep house one, influenced partially by Masters At Work and Mood II Swing dubs in the 1990s.
I did this one recently. It's simply a little bootleg for my own DJ sets of an Erykah Badu track of the same name.
One of my lighter records. Not available for licensing as I've already released it myself some time ago, but a useful example of something I've done.


text:
Note: Sample below may appear distorted but all corresponding word document files contain proper formattingExcerpt from essay:
Much work remains to enable a seamless
Integration, for example that can extend IP to support mobile network devices. (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
4G is stated to begin with the assumption "that future networks will be entirely packet-switched, using protocols evolved from those in use in today's Internet." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003) It is reported that a 4G wireless network that is all IP-based "has intrinsic advantages over its predecessors." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
IP is stated to be both compatible with and independent of "the actual radio access technology" meaning that 'the core 4G network can be designed and evolves independently from access networks. Using IP-based core network also means the immediate tapping of the rich protocol suites and services already available, for example, voice and data convergence, can be supported by using readily available VoIP set of protocols such as MEGACOP, MGCP, SIP, H.323, SCTP. Finally the converged all-IP wireless core networks will be packet based and support packetized voice and multimedia on top of data. This evolution is expected to greatly simplify the network and to reduce costs for maintaining separate networks, for different traffic types." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
It is reported that 4G IP-based systems will be cheaper and more efficient than 3G. The basis for this is first that equipment costs are forecasted to be "four to ten times lower than equivalent circuit-switched equipment for 2G and 3G wireless infrastructures." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003) In addition, an open converged IP wireless environment brings about a reduction in costs for network build-out and maintenance and that will not be a requirement for purchasing extra spectrum since 2G/3G spectrum can be reused in 4G and the majority of the spectrum required by WLAN and WPAN is public and therefore does not make a requirement of a license.
It is reported that MANETS have been used mainly for "tactical network related applications to improve battlefield communications survivability" as the dynamic nature of military operations means that military cannot rely on access to fixed pre-placed communication infrastructure in battlefield." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
Mobile ad hoc networks are stated to create a "suitable framework to address the issues in radio signal limitations and specifically interference through provision of a multi-hop wireless network without pre-placed infrastructure and connectivity beyond LOS." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
Ad hoc wireless networks are stated to inherit the traditional problems of wireless communications and wireless networking:
(1) The wireless medium has neither absolute nor readily observable boundaries outside of which stations are known to be unable to receive network frames;
(2) The channel is unprotected from outside signals;
(3) The wireless medium is significantly less reliable than wired media;
(4) The channel has time-varying and asymmetric propagation properties; and (5) hidden-terminal and exposed-terminal phenomena may occur. (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
C. MANET Applications
Chlamtac, Conti and Liu (2003) report the MANET applications listed in Figure 2.
Figure 2
MANET Applications
Source: Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu (2003)
D. MANET Security Issues
It is reported that an issue that presents great challenges is securing the wireless ad hoc networks and that toward this end understanding the possible types of attacks that may occur is the first step towards development of good solutions for security. Ad hoc networks are stated to "have to cope with the same kinds of vulnerabilities as their wired counterparts as well as with new vulnerabilities specific to the ad hoc context." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
Traditional vulnerabilities are further emphasized in the ad hoc environment. It is reported that passive attack involves the attacker listening to the network rather than sending information and this type of passive attack does not actually interrupt the operation of a protocol but instead attempts to mine information that would be valuable. However, the active attack is different in that information is inserted into the network.
Wireless mobile ad hoc networking in its very nature results in new security challenges in the design of MANET networks. These types of networks are reported to be "generally more vulnerable to information and physical security threats." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003) Vulnerability includes those to:
(1) Channels and modes; and (2) Absence of infrastructure and dynamically changing topology, all serve to make the network security of the MANET one that is difficult in nature. (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
Factors affecting the security of MANETS include:
(1) Broadcast wireless channels allow message eavesdropping and injection;
(2) Nodes do not reside in physically protected places and easily fall under the attackers' control;
(3) The absence of infrastructure makes the classical security solutions based on certification authorities and online servers inapplicable and (4) The security of routing protocols in the MANET dynamic environment is an additional challenge. (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
Active attacks are categorized as follows:
(1) IMPERSONATION. In this type of attack, nodes may be able to join the network undetectably, or send false routing information, masquerading as some other trusted node. The Black Hole attack falls in this category: here a malicious node uses the routing protocol to advertise itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packets it wants to intercept. A more subtle type of routing disruption is the creation of a tunnel (or Wormhole) in the network between two colluding malicious nodes;
(2) DENIAL OF SERVICE. The Routing Table Overflow and the Sleep Depravation attacks fall in this category. In the former, the attacker attempts to create routes to non-existent nodes to overwhelm the routing-protocol implementations. In the latter, the attacker attempts to consume batteries of other nodes by requesting routes, or by forwarding unnecessary packets; and (3) DISCLOSURE ATTACK. A location disclosure attack can reveal something about the physical location of nodes or the structure of the network. Two types of security mechanisms can generally be applied: preventive and detective. Preventive mechanisms are typically based on key-based cryptography. Keys distribution is therefore at the center of these mechanisms. Secret keys are distributed through a pre-established secure channel, and this makes symmetric cryptography generally difficult to apply in ad hoc networks. Public keys are distributed through certificates that bind a public key to a device. In the centralized approach, certificates are provided, stored, and distributed by the Certificate Authority. Since no central authority, no centralized trusted third party, and no central server are possible in MANET, the key management function needs to be distributed over nodes. (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
It is stated that Bluetooth and 802.11 "...implement mechanisms based on cryptography to prevent unauthorized accesses, and to enhance the privacy on radio." Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) provides security in the IEEE 802.11 standard. WEP is stated to support "...both data encryption and integrity. The security is based on a 40-bit secret key. The secret key can either be a default key shared by all the devices of a WLAN, or a pairwise secret key shared only by two communicating devices. " (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
WEP does not provide support for the exchange of pair-wise secret keys as it must be manually installed on each of the devices. Furthermore, WEP is stated to suffer "from design flaws and weaknesses, to correct the WEP problems a task group part of the IEEE 802.11i standardization is designing the new 802.11 security architecture." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
Cryptographic security mechanisms are used by Bluetooth which are reported to be implemented in the data layer link and it is stated that "a key management service provides each device with asset of symmetric cryptographic keys required for the initialization of a secret channel with another device, the execution of an authentication protocol, and the exchange of encrypted data on the secret channel." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
Security routing protocols are reported to be that which copes with "malicious nodes that can disrupt the correct functioning of a routing protocol by modifying routing information, by fabricating false routing information and by impersonating other nodes." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
It is reported that the 'Secure Routing Protocol' "...is conceived as an extension that can be applied to several existing reactive routing protocols. SRP is based on the assumption of the existence of a security association between the sender and the receiver based on a shared secret key negotiated at the connection setup. SRP combats attacks that disrupt the route discovery process. A node initiating route discovery is able to identify and discard false routing information. Similarly to SRP, Ariadne assumes that each pair of communicating nodes has two secret keys (one for each direction of the communication). Ariadne is a secure ad hoc routing protocol based on DSR and the TESLA authentication protocol." (Chlamtac, Conti, and Liu, 2003)
It is additionally reported…[continue]
"Mobile Adhoc Networks Manet The" (2010, January 17) Retrieved December 6, 2016, from http://www.paperdue.com/essay/mobile-adhoc-networks-manet-the-15750
"Mobile Adhoc Networks Manet The" 17 January 2010. Web.6 December. 2016. <http://www.paperdue.com/essay/mobile-adhoc-networks-manet-the-15750>
"Mobile Adhoc Networks Manet The", 17 January 2010, Accessed.6 December. 2016, http://www.paperdue.com/essay/mobile-adhoc-networks-manet-the-15750


text:
Mamanista! » Entries tagged with "pull-along toys"
Plan Toys Pull-Along Snail
July 3rd, 2012 | Add a Comment
We'd like to share a wiggly tale About a friendly, playful pull-along snail His bright shell spins, he crawls up and down He shouts "love the earth!" as you drag him through town His paint is organic; his box's ink made from soy He's a recycled, recyclable, sustainable toy Made chemical free, with non-toxic paints & glue He's a safe friend to bring EVERYWHERE with you! For kids one year and up, he helps build coordination, Gross motor skills, and HUGE imaginations! He's a … Read entire article »
Filed under: 0-5 (By Age Group), Developmental Toys, Eco-Friendly, Featured, Gift Ideas, Hip Find, Organic, Play, Pre-schoolers, Push Toys, Socially Conscious, Toddlers, Toys (12-24 M), Toys (All Ages), Toys (Pre-School)
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Product description for Patagonia M LIGHTWEIGHT SYNCHILLA SNAP-T HOODY from our collection of Outdoor Sports & Fashion for Male:
A hooded, full-zip version of the classic Lightweight Synchilla® Snap-T® Pullover by PATAGONIA, this hoody is made of warm and durable polyester fleece.
You should never walk away from firing surf, but a decent refuel on the beach is definitely necessary before paddling back out for second helpings. A hooded version of PATAGONIAs Synchilla® Snap-T®, this hoody provides the warmth of a sweatshirt with the technical benefits of double-faced 100% polyester midweight fleece (80-85% recycled). Soft and durable, it wicks moisture, dries fast and fends off the Central Coast chill.
Front and back yoke seams allow a full range of shoulder motion; two handwarmer pockets thaw your hands while the coffee boils. Other features include a left-chest snap pocket with nylon flap, snug 3-panel hood, full front zip with a zip-through collar, and elasticized cuffs and hem to seal in warmth.
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|Post Trn TipPost Trn Tip
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Description/Uses/Merits of this ΣChain
via Mumbai Ltt- Kalyan- Bhusaval- akola- Nagpur- Raipur- Bilaspur - Rourkela- Chakradharpur- Purulia- ADRA [CHANGE TRAIN HERE] - Bhojudih- Mahuda- Chandrapura- Bokaro.
19532/Σ Mumbai- to Bokaro, Jharkhand. [Catch 2nd train at Adra, W.B] ΣChain
created by 01035 Mumbai CST Gaya Weekly Special UnReserve Aug 01 2014 (9:57AM)
|Travel Time: 36h 30m 33 halts Distance: 1883 km 1 xfers
|Departs @ 20:35
Platform# ???
|Arrives @ 09:05 +2 nights
Platform# ???


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Sydney Tibetan Terrier Art By Cori Solomon
painting by artist Art Helping Animals
8.5 in X 11 in (21.6 cm X 27.9 cm)
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Help the Scholastic Shooting Sports Foundation (SSSF) put more kids on ranges across America by joining as a Supporting Member.
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As announced in a Pain-Topics UPDATE [here] last November 2010, Allergan Inc. received FDA approval for Botox® (onabotulinumtoxinA) as preventative therapy for chronic migraine, and the drug also was licensed for this indication in the UK. However, a new report in Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin — or DTB, a publication of the British Medical Journal Group — suggests that the published evidence for Botox's effectiveness as a treatment for chronic migraine is limited and unconvincing [abstract here].
According to an added report in Medical News Today [online here], Botox (a form of botulinum toxin A) treatment requires up to 39 injections into head and neck muscles and must be repeated every 12 weeks for maximum clinical effectiveness. Its mode of action in preventing chronic migraine has not been clearly established, but it appears distinct from Botox's well known paralyzing effect on muscles. The news article also notes that each treatment with Botox for chronic migraine costs around £276 ($450 USD). Importantly, Botox may lead to worsening of headache symptoms in around 10% of those treated, with a similar proportion developing itching, rash, pain, stiffness, and muscles spasms. Rarely, Botox can prompt anaphylactic shock and, despite screening and control procedures, the possibility of transmitting an infection with Botox cannot be ruled out entirely, since the drug contains human serum albumin, according to the article.
The UK's drugs regulator — Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), comparable to the U.S. FDA — believed that Botox offered a "unique approach" for migraine treatments, which avoided the systemic side effects of many pharmacotherapies and had a favorable safety profile. The efficacy of Botox was expected to improve over time with repeated treatment sessions. Approval of Botox for migraine in the U.S. and UK was supported by the manufacturer's PREEMPT — Phase III REsearch Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy — program, consisting of 2 large, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 1,384 adults from 122 study sites in North America and Europe. The PREEMPT studies were published in the July 2010 print issue of Cephalalgia [abstract here].
However, the DTB article notes that some headache specialists fault the evidence, claiming that the diagnosis of chronic migraine used in the trials was incorrect, since almost two-thirds of trial participants had been overusing pharmacologic headache treatments. Medication overuse headache, or MOH — in which headache treatments themselves cause rather than relieve headache — would rule out the diagnosis of chronic migraine. "These discrepancies and the limited evidence of benefit make it difficult for us to see a place for botulinum toxin A as treatment for chronic migraine," concludes the article.


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White Cheddar
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Apple, White Cheddar, and Spinach Salad with Honey-Apple Cider Vinaigrette - The flavors just POP in this fast, easy, and healthy salad!
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White Cheddar, Bacon, and Apple Biscuits - these make killer breakfast sandwiches! Also great with soups and stews.
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This Roasted Poblano White Cheddar Soup is one of our all time favorites. It is creamy but not heavy and has the perfect balance of flavors.


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decided: May 19, 1976.
GUENTHER NOLTEv.UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION BOARD OF REVIEW OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA. GUENTHER NOLTE, APPELLANT
Appeal from the Order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review in case of In Re: Claim of Guenther Nolte, No. B-127728.
Guenther Nolte, appellant, for himself.
Charles G. Hasson, Assistant Attorney General, with him Sydney Reuben, Assistant Attorney General, and Robert P. Kane, Attorney General, for appellee.
Judges Crumlish, Jr., Mencer and Rogers, sitting as a panel of three. Opinion by Judge Rogers.
[ 24 Pa. Commw. Page 542]
Guenther Nolte has appealed from an order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review affirming a referee's denial of his application for unemployment compensation benefits pursuant to Section 402(b)(1) of the Unemployment Compensation Law*fn1 which provides that "[A]n employee shall be ineligible for compensation for any week . . . [i]n which his unemployment is due to voluntarily leaving work without cause of a necessitous and compelling nature. . . ."
The claimant was employed as a stock manager by K-Mart, a merchandiser, from September 30, 1974 until April 9, 1975. He quit his job because he believed that he was overworked, not provided sufficient help and denied sufficient overtime work. These unfavorable conditions seem to have coincided with the arrival of claimant's new supervisor. The employer's representative testified that several helpers provided the claimant proved to be unreliable but asserted that the store attempted to furnish interim help on these occasions. The same witness also testified that the claimant was denied overtime only to the extent that his weekly time was reduced from 55 or 56 hours to 48 hours, which still gave eight hours of overtime. The referee found that the claimant had voluntarily left work due to "personality" differences with his supervisor, overall dissatisfaction with working conditions, and unhappiness with the allocation of overtime by his supervisor. These findings, which are supported in the record, justified the denial of benefits.
The claimant having voluntarily quit his employment, was subject to disqualification under Section 402(b)(1), 43 P.S. § 802(b)(1), unless he proved that his resignation was with cause of a necessitous and compelling
[ 24 Pa. Commw. Page 543]
nature. Dalesandro v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 17 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 482, 333 A.2d 479 (1975). Mere dissatisfaction with working conditions is not necessitous and compelling cause for voluntarily leaving employment. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review v. Tune, 23 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 201, 350 A.2d 876 (1976); Knox v. Commonwealth, 12 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 588, 317 A.2d 60 (1974).
And Now, this 19th day of May, 1976, the order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review denying the claim of Guenther Nolte is hereby affirmed and this appeal dismissed.
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06 370 0701
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Mark Childs
06 370 0701
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Property DetailsOnly two lots left!. Our vendor is offering brand new modern looking townhouses with your choice of colours, roofline and you can even choose the section to build on (two lots available) Details include: - 3 double bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms - Open plan kitchen/dining living room - Flow to outdoor deck - Heat Pump - Double glazed aluminium joinery - Internal access garage 6m x 3.5m - Fenced garden with exposed aggregate access drive Shops, hospital, walking tracks, cafe and golf course nearby. Full turn key contract with landscaping included. Call Mark for further details.
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Additional Property InformationThis townhouse listing located at 4b Matai Street, Masterton, Masterton offers three bedrooms and two bathrooms. The property is currently offered at $260,226.
This property is presented by Mark Childs of Property Brokers located in New Zealand.


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Fiat Chrysler contacts activist investors to press GM for merger
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles chief executive Sergio Marchionne is learnt to be reaching out to hedge funds and other potential allies to prod General Motors into a merger, having been emboldened by the way GM recently gave in to activist investors' demands for an $8bn share buyback.
Marchionne, who has recently called for consolidation of the fragmented auto industry, could employ a similar strategy with at least one of Fiat Chrysler's European peers, sources told The Wall Street Journal.


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Travelogue Blogs
Travel, tours and Food.
Owner: biyachessa
Listed in: Travel
Other Tags: cheap travel, tours, best food, cheap hotel, budget travel
Barcelona4All is a full travel guide to the city of Barcelona. Lot's of info, tips &.. recommendations in many different topics. Assist this guide when coming to plan your trip to.. Barcelona.
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Listed in: Travel
Other Tags: Barcelona, Tips, Guide, Recommendations
I enjoy photography, astronomy, road-trips, ham-radio, tracking satellites, aquariums, off-roading,.. reading, gadgets etc. In fact, I am a person having vivid interests and wish to explore every aspect.. of life with my sweetheart – Neha.
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Listed in: Outdoors
Other Tags: Adventure, Roadtrip, Incredible India, Astronomy
Travel memories, stories and notes from out and about. A Finnish guy shares his travel experience,.. sometimes weird and bizarre happenings, recommendable places to visit, insight on security, food and.. scams. Photos, videos and more.
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Life through photo is a my personal blog for passionate in photography. It representing myself and I.. am into it.
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Listed in: Photoblog
Other Tags: EOS 450D, Photoblog, Photography, Digital Photography
blog about technology, computer, gadgets, electronics, showbiz, marketing, SEO, photography, people,.. business, money and finance, clothing and fashion, current events and issues, movie reviews and.. product reviews and personal opinion.
Owner: enjayneer
Listed in: Marketing-seo
Other Tags: photography, travel, seo, marketing, blogs
Adventure cyclist Dave Briggs has been traveling the world for over 14 years. Currently cycling from.. Alaska to Argentina, please follow his adventures here!
Owner: davestravelpages
Listed in: Travel
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one.year.trip The tale of one teacher who took a year off of work, leaving Canada, and vowing not.. to return until he had stepped foot on all seven continents. Travelogues, things to do, and an.. around the world travel guide can be found here.
Owner: tokyomike3
Listed in: Travel
A Travel Photographer's Journey to portray the beautiful side of his country.. "Pakistan"
Owner: iexplorePakistan
Listed in: Travel
Other Tags: pakistan, photography, beautiful pakistan, photo travelogue