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The mission of the NAELA Foundation is to promote the goals of NAELA and the Elder and Special Needs Law profession through scholarships, advocacy, research, and education. The Foundation Litigation Advocacy Fund's objective is to establish good legal precedent in matters of critical importance to older Americans and people with special needs. Through the Cohn Sisters' Scholarships for Patient Advocacy, the Foundation awards scholarships to NAELA members in financial need so that they can attend national education events.
Update on First NAELA Foundation Grant, Harrington v. Dougherty
In April 2014, the NAELA Foundation awarded its first litigation grant
of $5,000 to Neighborhood Legal Services, a provider of free civil
services to low-income and elderly residents of Essex County, Mass. The
grant was intended to assist NAELA members John Ford and Judith M. Flynn
in their efforts to obligate MassHealth to follow Centers for Medicare
& Medicaid Services (CMS) guidance in Harrington v. Dougherty.
The Appeals Court held that the imposition of a double penalty was
lawful. In October 2015, Ford and Flynn filed an Application for Further
Appellate Review, per Appellate Rule 27.1. The Massachusetts Supreme
Judicial Court denied the application for Further Appellate Review.
NAELA Foundation Awards Grant to Colorado Fund for People with Disabilities (CFPD)
The NAELA Foundation awarded $7,500 and 10 hours of pro bono work provided by the NAELA Litigation Committee to the Colorado Fund for People with Disabilities (CFPD). The grant will support litigation to confirm that individuals age 65 and older can establish and fund a pooled trust without penalty. See press release.
NAELA Foundation Will Fund Regulatory Advocacy
Effective May 2015, the NAELA Foundation will consider both litigation and regulatory advocacy requests for funding. The Foundation has already distributed several grants to support litigation that could set legal precedent in key areas of the law important to NAELA members and their clients. Providing grants to support regulatory advocacy will allow the Foundation to have an even larger impact, as many issues, especially for some NAELA Chapters, require members to focus their attention on state agencies as well.
Criteria for reviewing NAELA Foundation grant requests include involvement of a NAELA Chapter or allied organization; matters concerning issues of national significance or having potential precedential effects in many states; and matters affecting the Elder Law Bar as well as Elder Law and Special Needs Law clients. Grants may be used for attorney fees and costs, including attorney hourly work; out-of-pocket expenses; travel expenses to meeting with agency lawyers or agents; and several other categories. Read the full grant policy and funding request form.
Update on Saccone v. Board of Trustees of the Police and Firemen's Retirement System
In October 2014, NAELA prepared an amicus brief that helped support the New Jersey Supreme Court's decision to allow children with disabilities of retired police and firefighters to receive their parent's survivor benefits without the risk of losing public assistance. That brief and court decision continues to have a positive effect in the state. NAELA received news in January 2016 that the New Jersey Law Revision Commission, which reviewed the amicus brief for background information on the matter, has prepared a draft tentative report to codify the Saccone holding.
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A MAN who set fire to his flat in a suicide bid is to receive mental health treatment in the community.
Stephen Conway, of Russ Avenue, Faringdon, admitted one count of arson reckless as to whether life was endangered on Tuesday, July 2 last year.
The 37-year-old, who suffers from bipolar disorder and had stopped taking his medication, started a fire in the first floor flat where he still lives.
Judge Patrick Eccles, sitting at Oxford Crown Court yesterday, said no one was injured in the fire but people had to evacuate the building.
Dr Sukhjeet Lally from the Littlemore Mental Health Hospital said he thought if Conway was sent to prison there would be "a very high likelihood of a relapse of his bipolar disorder".
Judge Eccles said Conway could not be held completely responsible for his actions and gave him a two-year prison sentence, suspended for two years, with a mental health treatment requirement. He must also carry out 80 hours of unpaid work and pay a £100 victims' surcharge.
- Our top stories:
- UPDATE: Three more men arrested in connection with attempted murder after altercation in Banbury
- Oxford United v Swindon Town - UPDATES
- CLARIFICATION: Hygiene report of Delight 2 in Didcot
- Man 'obsessed' with BBC journalist goes on trial after allegedly breaching restraining order against her
- Families urged to consider signing up for organ donation
- Oxford United send match tickets to fans caught up in season ticket delay
- Five things you need to know in Oxfordshire today
- Management consultants Newton Europe named Business of the Year at 2016 Oxfordshire Business Awards
- Eating Weetabix and brown rice could help prevent an early death say experts
- VIDEO: Kerry Reeves' mother bravely faces her 'beautiful' daughter's killers in emotional tribute
- Prisons' shake-up will be at heart of today's Queen's Speech
- Five things you need to know in Oxfordshire today
- TV Wildlife presenter Chris Packham speaks about his Aspergers, teenage struggles and attempts to get into Oxford University
- GALLERY: Prince William proves a hit with young and old students on Oxford visit


text:
Hello Everyone,
Namaste नमस्त
Good morning to all of you, I am Shipra Gupta from India. I am an online tutor who takes Hindi lessons online. I am very thankful to all the listeners for such a great response and for sending me all your queries.
So let's start the work for today.I will be using a phrase today—OPENखुलना!!!, In hindi we say open-KHULNAखुलना
The spelling in English is KHULNAखुलना
The sentence is OPEN THE DOOR दरवाज़ा को खोलो
I am sure everyone is able to understand it clearly
See you all tomorrow.
bye n अलिवदा
Discuss this word in the new ISpeakHindi forums. Also, we have a forum for Indian Music.
Looking for something more basic? Why not try our "50 Hindi Words to Get You Started" Lesson?
Looking for something else? Check out our Hindi/English Dictionary. Learn Hindi


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Mail: Murky gas price irks Colorado traveler
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At 63 percent capacity, Lake McConaughy is no longer rising and will probably stay steady due to lower than normal inflows.
April snows have been heavy in the mountains that feed the North Platte River and Lake McConaughy, but snowpack data is deceiving, Steinke said.
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Our only hope at this point is the South Platte River, but that is still an unknown, he said.
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The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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Volume & Issues
Volume 14, Issue 12 - Dec 2013
Volume 14, Issue 11 - Nov 2013
Volume 14, Issue 10 - Oct 2013
Volume 14, Issue 9 - Sep 2013
Volume 14, Issue 8 - Aug 2013
Volume 14, Issue 7 - Jul 2013
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A study for laminar and turbulent boundary layer theory around a Joukowski and NACA-0012 airfoil by CFD
Je, Du-Ho ; Hwang, Eun-Seong ; Lee, Jang-Hyeoung ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1533~1539
In the present study, we compared the theory with CFD data about the boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness and momentum thickness. According to the freestream velocity, larminar and turbulent is decided and affect to the flow patterns around the airfoil The boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness and momentum thickness affect to the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil(e.g. lift, drag and pitching moment). The separation point is affected by varying angle of attack. In the present study, we used the Joukowski airfoil(c=1), and NACA0012 airfoil was used at CFD. The chord Reynolds number is
=3,000, 700,000, respectively and the freestream velocity is 0.045, 10 m/s, respectively. In this paper, the data was a good agreement with that of experimental results, so we can analyze the various airfoil models.
Energy Economic Analysis of Standard Rural House Model with PV System
Lee, Chan Kyu ; Kim, Woo Tae ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1540~1547
The energy economic analysis of the standard rural house model with PV system was performed based on annual energy demand calculation using the EnergyPlus to contribute in reducing building energy which occupies 25% of national energy consumption and in developing a low-energy & eco-friendly house model. Two types of PV system installation was considered to cover electricity demand for cooling, electric, and heating devices. For the selected house model, heating energy demand is 7 times higher than cooling energy demand. For the Case1, it is favorable to use electricity from PV system for cooling and electric devices and to sell surplus electricity. For the Case2, it is favorable to use electricity from PV system for cooling, electricity and heating devices and to sell surplus electricity. Considering the installation cost of PV system and heat pump air conditioning system, the break-even point of Case1 and Case2 are about 13 and 11 years respectively. Although the installation cost of Case2 is more expensive, Case2 provides three times more profit than Case1 after the break-even point. Because the expected average life time of the selected PV system is 25 years, Case2 is more favorable option for the given standard rural house model.
Performance Characteristics of Cascade Refrigeration System Using R744 and R410A
Ku, Hak-Keun ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1548~1554
This paper presents the analysis on performance characteristics of R744-R410A cascade refrigeration system to offer the basic design data for the operating parameters of this system. The performance of cascade refrigeration system is analyzed by using EES program. The operating parameters include compressor efficiency, and condensing and evaporating temperature in R410A high- and R744 low-temperature cycle, respectively. The COP of this system increases with the decrease of condensing temperature, and increases with the increasing evaporating temperature. And the COP of this system increases with the compression efficiency. Therefore, it can be seen that the compression efficiency, and evaporating and condensing temperature of R744-R410A cascade refrigeration system have an effect on the COP of this system. Also, it can be known that the cascade evaporation temperature with the highest efficiency in each parameter is present. Thus, it is an important to design R744-R410A cascade refrigeration system by considering these parameters.
Study on Concurrent Simulation Technique of Matlab CMDPS and A CarSim Base Full Car Model
Jang, Bongchoon ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1555~1560
The Column type Motor Driven Power Steering(CMDPS) systems are generally equipped among passenger vehicles ensuring better vehicle safety and fuel economy. In general to analyze systems and to develop a controller a full vehicle model from CarSim developed by Mechanical Simulation Incorporation interacting with MDPS control algorithm from Matlab Simulink was concurrently simulated. This paper describes the development of concurrent simulation technique in detail for analyzing Matlab Simulink MDPS control system with a dynamic vehicle system because the specific method has not been revealed in detail. The steering wheel angle input was evaluated and well compared with proving ground experimental data. The comparisons from concurrent simulation show an effective way to develop and validate the control algorithm. This concurrent simulation capability will be efficiently used for CMDPS performance evaluation and logic tuning as well as for vehicle handling performance.
Helicopter FBW Flight Control Law Design for the Handling Quality Performance
Choi, In-Ho ; Kim, Eung-Tai ; Hyun, Jung-Wook ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1561~1567
This paper is regarding the helicopter flight control law design for the handling quality performance. MIL-F-83300 and ADS-33E specification is used of the helicopter flight handling quality and to meet these requirements, ACAH type controller is required. This paper described the ACAH type controller design and performance evaluations. Helicopter dynamics first developed as nonlinear dynamics including rotor dynamics and then linear model was extracted from hovering to forward flight mode using trim condition. Control law used the model following to meet the handling qualities, the simple inverse model as feed forward gain, decoupling logic and phase model to decouple the axes, and linear model to calculate the coefficients. Handling quality evaluation used the matlab based Conduit tool and verified that Level 1 requirement is satisfied.
A Study on the Simulator and Trouble Prediction Monitoring Methodology of the Automotive Air Conditioner
Son, Il-Moon ; Kwak, Hyo-Yean ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1568~1575
There has been an increasing interest in the market of vehicle maintenance and repair equipments to decrease air pollution. However, most of the existing air conditioning system equipment in Korea have poor performance as well as non-protection against air pollution. The purpose of this paper is to develop the monitoring technology of recovering and recharging refrigerant for air conditioning system, and also to develop its related diagnostic system. This technology and system can supply the exact amount of refrigerant from the charger to the air conditioning system by precisely diagnosing and monitoring their statuses. This technology can also control recovering and recharging of refrigerant exactly by altering the recovering pressures of refrigerant according to circumstance temperatures.
Study on Performance and Analysis of PF Heat Exchanger for Heat Pump Dryer
Kim, Ki-Young ; Lee, Seok-Hyun ; Kwon, Young-Chul ; Chun, Chong-Keun ; Park, Sam-Jin ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1576~1581
In the present study, the performance of a PF heat exchanger for heat pump dryer was investigated. Capacity and dehumidification amount of the PF heat exchangers(PF1, PF2, PF3) by different inclination angles(
) were studied. Experimental conditions were an air velocity crossing to the heat exchanger(0.5m/s), an air dry-bulb temperature(
) and relative humidity(70%). The experimental results have shown that the performance of the inclined PF heat exchangers was better than that of the vertically installed one. PF3 showed better performance compared to PF1 and PF2 due to the large pin pitch which are leading to more draining for dehumidified water. But, capacity and dehumidification amount of the PF heat exchanger at the inclination angles of
was decreased due to pressure drop. Also, to predict the experimental data of the PF heat exchanger, the performance program was developed for the inclination angles of
. PF heat exchanger performance between experiment data and calculation data was satisfied within the maximum 2% for capacity and 3% for dehumidification amount.
The Effects of Artists' Education Level, College of Graduation and Gender on Art Sales Possibility and Art Price: Focusing on MANIF Art Fair Market
Choi, Dan-Bi ; Chung, Taeyoung ; Shin, Hyung-Deok ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1582~1588
This study investigated whether artists' education level, college of graduation, and gender have any influences on artists' premium which leads to higher sales possibility and art price using Art Fair Market data. We found that artists' education level do not have statistically significant effects on either sales possibility or art price. But, artists' college of graduation which was measured by artists' undergraduate school level(high or low) has significant effects on both sales possibility and art price. Artists' gender also has a significant effect on art price, although it does not have any significant effect on sales possibility. These results imply that artists' educational level or degree does not exert significant impacts on artists' premium, while the level of college that artists attended indeed has a significant effect on artists' premium. They also imply that gender plays a role in Korean art market.
A Study on V.M.D(Visual Merchandising Design) Environment of Mobile Telecommunication Company Store
Kim, Jong Sung ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1589~1594
V.M.D(Visual Merchandising Design) covers every space, environment, and visually stimulating factor. This includes not only the architectural appearance but interior, graphic sign boards, window display, layout, store appliances, lighting, and even the looks and service attitude that sales employees have and show to customers. V.M.D aims to display merchandise in multiple ways; to heighten brand images; to steadily lure many customers to the store. One of the characteristics that V.M.D has is, that this abandons the previous design concept which solely puts stress on luxurious interior-focused display; that this displays merchandise in a rational and systemic way and induces customers to buy products. In this regard, the objective of this study is to study brand perception and effect of V.M.D displayed in the stores, on customers, and thereby to present the concepts of V.M.D, suitable for display in the stores, which can be used continuously in the future.
A Study on IPA of Spectator Motivation in the Korean Creative Musical
Koo, Eun-Ja ; Lee, Kwang-Ho ; Kim, Hye-Won ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1595~1603
This study uses the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) on viewing motivation for the revitalization of Korean creative musicals. The IPA is the evaluation techniques to simultaneously compare and analyze relative importance and achievement of each attribute for multi-attribute models. This analysis uses the discerning method by displaying the matrix that includes the factors about which customers care and customer satisfaction on each factor. The customer satisfaction is determined by customer expectation for each attribute and its implementation level. This study, through this method, exams the importance and satisfaction level on attributes of viewing motivations for Korean creative musicals.
The Effects of Education for Environmental Pollution Prevention through Forest Experiences on Children's Nature-Friendly Attitudes and Scientific Problem Solving Ability
Kang, Young-Sik ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1604~1611
The purpose is to figure out the effects of education for environmental pollution prevention through forest experiences on children's nature-friendly attitudes and scientific problem solving ability. To achieve this, an experiment was conducted on total 44 kindergarten children in a class for 5-year-olds, who are classified into experimental group of 22 children(12 male children, 10 female children) and comparative group of 22 children(13 male children, 9 female children), in a C farming village. The results are as follows. First, the change of children's nature-friendly attitudes by group showed that education for environmental pollution prevention through forest experiences had an effect on the improvement of children's nature-friendly attitudes. Second, the change of children's scientific problem solving ability by group showed that education for environmental pollution prevention through forest experiences had an effect on the improvement of children's scientific problem solving ability. This implies that children's forest activities are useful in improving their nature-friendly attitudes and scientific problem solving ability.
A Study on the Influence of Mental Health and Job Satisfaction on Perceived Job Stress of Financial Companies
Han, Sang-Young ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1612~1619
This study is to investigate on the influence of mental health and job satisfaction on perceived job stress of financial companies. The subjects of research were total 132 working at the financial company in T and J city Gangwon Province from September 20 to October 15, 2012. The survey instrument used was 43-item scale for evaluating financial worker KOSS and 18-item scale for mental health, 12-item scale for job satisfaction. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Win17.0 program, ANOVA, t-test, pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple regression analysis. In a comparison of factors of Job stress and mental health demonstrated positive correlation and showed significantly. Job satisfaction demonstrated negative correlation and showed significantly. Also, for the financial workers solve the Job stress and support positive significant in there's job satisfaction, it need to nursing intercession to supply more better service and financial environment.
An Empirical Study on Success Factors of Co Brand Goodtrae's in Buyeo County
Kim, Shine ; Lee, Jeom-Soo ; Kwon, Ki-Dae ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1620~1631
This study is to investigate a case study how effect of brand success upon purchase satisfaction and brand loyalty in co-brand of agriculture goods, that is GOODTRAE in korea. specifically this study conceptualizes that brand success factors affect satisfaction which try to buy a specific brand agricultural product. and that purchase satisfaction to GOODTRAE influence brand loyalty which leads to customer relationship management. In these brand success factors and brand loyalty relationship, purchase satisfaction of brand would have the mediating role. In the empirical analysis, we found that marketing, market environment, product, interorganizational cooperation, technology capability of brand success factors would affect purchase satisfaction of brand. Hypothesis what is left is not supported. I verified the assumption that brand purchase satisfaction of agriculture would affect consumer's loyalty and the result supported that assumption of it. and we found that market environment, consumer's factors, employee's & CEO's commitment, interorganizational cooperation, and technology capability of brand success factors would influence brand loyalty.
Traumatic Experience and the obsessive behaviors in romantic relationship of Female Sex Workers
Kim, Su-Sie ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1632~1643
This study investigated the characteristics of obsessive behaviors in romantic relationship of 42 female sex workers and the effect of traumatic experiences on them. Research results that there was no significant difference in loneliness, jealousy, over sensitiveness between the female sex workers group and the controls. But fear of rejection and doubt in the romantic relationship are significantly higher in the female sex workers group than in the controls. Among the subscales, childhood neglect and family secret were most frequently associated with the various obsessive behaviors. This is also the case for the control group, with family secret and physical abuse being the most. Finally, in regression analysis, in the control group, childhood physical abuse had the biggest impact on the obsessive behaviors in romantic relationship. On the other hand, the target group, childhood neglect had the biggest impact on the obsessive behaviors in romantic relationship.
The effects of distance learning experiences through an avatar in a virtual world on users' distance teaching efficacy beliefs
Park, Jung-Hwan ; Cheong, Donguk ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1644~1651
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of distance education experience using users' avatars in virtual reality space on their teaching efficacy belief. There were 9 participants who were enrolled in a course in doctoral program of education department in J University for the study. The first class of six sessions was face to face class on how to use Second Life and the 14 classes of 3 sessions were done in a classroom of Second Life. According to the analysis of reflection notes, interviews, researcher's observations of 5 participants, their experiences of presentation and taking classes in distance education using their own avatars in Second Life had positive influence on participants' teaching efficacy belief in their future working for distance education using avatars of Second Life. The implication of this study is to show some conditions for successful distance education as well as to see the potential of distance education in 3D virtual reality space using avatars. This study will contribute to promote the future study in distance education field.
A Study of the Factors Affecting User Acceptance of Smart TVs
Kim, Su-Yeon ; Lee, Sang Hoon ; Hwang, Hyun-Seok ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1652~1662
As smart devices like smartphones and smart pads are prevalent recently, dramatic changes so called 'smart evolution' deployed in many socioeconomic areas. These changes lead the TV industry to develop a smart TV differentiated from a conventional TV by enabling internet connectivity and applications execution. In this study the factors affecting the acceptance of a smart TV are extracted by reviewing the previous works and the structural relationships among these factors are analyzed. Adding 'Social Influence' to consider an environmental factor and 'Innovativeness' for personal characteristics, we build an extended Technology Acceptance Model and analyzed the structural relationships among the factors in the model using Structural Equation Model. In the results we can find that the environmental factors affect the perceived characteristics. The moderating effects of gender and level of experience in smart devices have also been investigated. No difference is found between gender groups. In much-experienced group, Innovativeness affects Perceived Usefulness and acceptance of a smart TV. In less-experienced group, however, Innovativeness affects Perceived Ease of Use, Expected Enjoyment and finally acceptance of a smart TV.
A Study on the Development of Satisfaction Index in the Medical Tourism of Foreign Tourist
Kim, Sa-Young ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1663~1674
The purpose of this study was a methodological research to develop an instrument to assess the medical tourism satisfaction of foreign tourist. A primary instrument with 63 questions was developed based on literature review. A group of experts revised individual questions and removed 9 irrelevant questions. This secondary instrument, then, was distriuted from Jury 1, 2012 to October 20, 2012. It was tested with 589 members of foreign tourist. After factor analysis on the final 42 questions, 7 factors were identified; quality of medical service, correspondance, tourism connection, sympathy, convenience, believability, and economical efficiency. The total variance explained was 60.9%. This instrument was statistically reliable and valid to measure medical tourism satisfaction of foreign tourist.
The Effect of Care Workers' Assistance Services on Behavioral Changes of the Elderly
Jeong, Yun-Mo ; Kang, Young-Sik ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1675~1682
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of care workers' assistance services on behavioral changes of the elderly. To achieve this, a survey was carried out on 100 elderly people, who receive the services from care workers in J area-based elderly care facilities, and elderly patient families. The results of this study are as follows. First, the effect of care workers' assistance services on the elderly's satisfaction of physical activities showed that the nursing and caregiving services have a significant positive effect on their satisfaction of physical activities(p<.05). Second, the effect of care workers' assistance services on the elderly's satisfaction of psycho-emotional activities showed that the caregiving services have a significant positive effect on their satisfaction of psycho-emotional activities(p<.01). Third, the effect of care workers' assistance services on the elderly's satisfaction of social cognition activities showed that the caregiving services have a significant positive effect on their satisfaction of social cognition activities(p<.01). Consequently, if the elderly receive the repetitive and continuous nursing and caregiving service in the limit that is forced to deteriorate the elderly's physical, psychological and cognitive development, and slow down their activities, there will be changes and promotion in their physical, psychological and cognitive behaviors. In other words, it is of use in that care workers' continuous assistance services can improve the elderly's life, driven by the changes of their physical, psychological and cognitive behaviors.
Asymmetric Information and Bargaining Delays
Choi, Chang-Kon ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1683~1689
Applying Markov Stochastic Process theory, this paper attempts to suggest a tentative model explaining how private information may cause bargaining delay. It is shown that the bargaining delay is critically dependent on the specification of information. It turns out that the delay tends to be longer in bargaining where information is imperfect. This means that bargaining models frequently can have an infinite delay under imperfect information while they have finite delay of bargaining before reaching the agreements if information is perfect. Other interesting result is that bargaining delay may depend on who makes the offer first. And it is also shown that bargaining tends to end earlier if both players (seller and buyer) can make offers in turn than the case where only one side make a offer.
The Analysis of Job Preparation Activities by Work Value
Jo, Yun-Seo ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1690~1698
In order to analyze the influence of job preparation activities by work value, this study utilized The Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS) 2010 Year and the subjects of this surveys were 6,847 people who graduated from university. The results of this study were follows: First, Work value was showed significant difference by gender, type of school, school location, major fields. Second, The practical importance factor was found to have positive(+) influence on job preparation activities. Third, The intrinsic importance factor and the extrinsic importance factor were found to have negative (-) on job preparation activities. This study provides detailed analysis on job preparation activities, offering new verification of work value as the most important element of occupation exploration to university students looking for employment.
A Study of Employee engagement on Hexagon Leadership
Kim, Jinwook ; Chang, Youngchul ; Jee, Cheoulgyu ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1699~1708
A Korean Retail Company 'Homeplus' has accomplished great growth in a short period. The main factor behind it, which is Hexagon leadership, is based on the manager's experience and management philosophy. It focuses on leaders and the ability to build basic traits of leaders. The main points are organization managing foundations such as people, work, performance, management, facilitation, training and growth. It also includes specific analysis that are applicable right away on success, failure, efficiency and effectiveness of management. The important factor for hexagon leadership is that it focuses on traits of leaders than the skills. Through training, the members of the organization can internalize the six fundamentals, which create a synergy when performed together. Positive results can be found from 'Viewpoint', which is the evaluation method of the Homeplus.
The Relationship between Advanced Airway Management and Self-Efficacy by Level 1 Emergency Medical Technicians(EMT) in 119 Emergency Medical Service
Jeong, Beom-Jun ; Choi, Sung-Soo ; Yun, Seong-Woo ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1709~1717
This study was to identify the frequency and related factors of advanced airway management for patients with cardiac arrest by the Level 1 emergency medical technicians in the 119 Emergency medical service. 95 level-1 medical technicians belonging to Gwangju Fire Service Headquarter were surveyed with structured questionnaire composed of general and job-related characteristics, self-efficacy, barrier factors to performing the advanced airway for patients with cardiac arrest. From January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011, data obtained from the Gwangju Fire Service Headquarter by performance of advanced airway. Self-efficacy toward the necessity of advanced airway revealed positive correlation with self-confidence. The barrier factor to advanced airway performance had negative correlation with the frequency of performance. The most important factor of advanced airway performance was necessity and self-efficacy. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop the field-based practice education program and to improve self-efficacy.
Factors Influencing Professional Self-Concept by Gender of Nursing Students
Jo, Bo-Ra ; Yoo, Eun-Ah ; Park, Su-Jin ; Jo, Ara ; Park, Su-Youn ; Park, Suh-Young ; Kim, Dong-Young ; Kim, Hyun-Yong ; Kang, Kyung-Ah ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1718~1727
This study was done to analyze the difference in resilience and professional self-concept and compare the influencing factors on Professional Self-Concept among different sexes of nursing students. Subjects were 445 students from two nursing schools in the Seoul city. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test,
-test, Fisher's exact test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Male students had much better resilience and professional self-concept than female students. Variables which were significant differences in resilience and professional self-concept according to sexes were in the females' case, grade and leave of absence and in the males' case, club activities. There was a positive correlation between resilience and professional self-concept both sexes. In both groups, the factor that affected professional self-concept was resilience.
Risk Factors for Development of Acute Renal Failure in Patient undergoing Open Heart Surgery
Jeon, Hyun Rye ; Park, Jeong Sook ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1728~1736
The purpose of this study is to identify prognostic predictors of postoperative acute renal failure(ARF) for the patient undergoing cardiac surgery. Retrospectively review the electronic hospital database at a A hospital from Jan 2008 to Dec. 2011. 483 patients were included in this study. They were divided into a occurrence of ARF group(n=59) and a non occurrence of ARF group(n=424). ARF occurred in 59 cases (12.2%). Multi-variable logistic regression analysis identified that preoperative risk factors include creatinine(OR 3.92, p=<.001), advanced age(OR 2.142, p=.015), female(OR 2.165, p=.015), hypertension(OR 2.513, p=.005), NYHA(New York Heart Association) class II(OR 3.081, p=.003), and III(OR 6.759, p=.004), and intraoperative risk factor includes blood transfusion(OR 3.753, p=<.001), and postoperative factors include bilirubin(OR 4.541, p=.028), creatine(OR 8.554, p=.003), and cardiac output(OR 0.214, p=.033) as a prognostic predictors. The development of postoperative ARF could be a reason for increase in rate of complication and mortality after cardiac surgery. therefore the prevention of ARF is of paramount importance and treatment strategies are urgently needed.
The Effects of 12-weeks health education and exercise program on body composition, bone density, blood lipid, and health behavior among Middle-aged and Aged Women in rural areas
Kim, Young-Me ; Wie, Seoung-Uk ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1737~1746
The Purpose of this study was to conduct the effects of the 12-weeks health education and exercise programs on body compositions, bone density, and blood lipid, and health behavior among middle-aged and aged women in rural areas. The number of participants was 33 women at the age of 40-75 from March 5 to May 31 in 2012. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, paired t-test and ANCOVA were used with SPSS WIN 12.0. The results were summarized as followings. First, body weight, BMI and % body fat decreased significantly. Second, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level decreased significantly. Third, Bone density increased significantly. Forth, Health behavior and attitude were significant factors in exercise, alcohol and smoking. Therefore, it is necessary to provide individual programs of intensive aerobic and muscle exercise over 3 months and the community will have to provide systematic management.
A study on relationship between myopia and near work in generational comparison
Kim, Jung-Hyun ; Lee, Hyun ; Kim, Yong-Dae ; Kim, Heon ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1747~1754
We evaluate the impact of near work has on myopia and how they differ across generation. The study subjects were 201(83 males and 118 females) adults who live in Cheongju and Daejeon. Myopia was defined as more than or equal to (-)2.50D. The subjects were divided myopic and control group. The surveys and eye tests that are related to near work and refractive error were conducted and the relationship between the degree of myopia and near work was investigated. Then, the groups were divided into people in their 20s and 30s and the comparisons were made again. The survey results showed significant differences between myopic and control groups that depended on: hours spent in school and outdoor activities during high school period, degree of refractive error caused by level of exercises during the junior high school and high school years, refractive error based on the type of high schools, also hours spent in school and outdoor activities. When the same question was done on the group in their 20s and 30s, there was a different outcome in trends between the groups and refractive error depending on whether they exercised. The degree of near work is one of the environmental risk factors that affect myopia and must be considered when studying myopic progression. However, when discussing specific behavioral patterns in relations to myopia prevention, culture and visual environment of a given generation must also be considered.
Factors Influencing Work-related Burnout of Nurses and Caregivers in Nursing Homes
Lee, Young-Mi ; Kim, Sung-Ja ; Kim, Kisook ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1755~1764
This study was to identify factors influencing the job-related burnout of the nurses and caregivers in nursing homes. The participants in this study were 188 who were working as nurses (77) and caregivers (111) at five nursing homes in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Collected data were analyzed in independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple stepwise regression using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0. The nurse's job-related burnout was positively correlated with job-satisfaction(r=.333, p=.003), and stress(r=.484, p<.001), whereas caregiver's job-related burnout was positively correlated with stress(r=.458, p<.001). The factor influencing on nurse's job-related burnout was interpersonal relation stress and this factors explained 27.0% of the variance. In case of the caregivers, work-related stress was a factor influencing on job-related burnout and it explained 21.2% of the variance. On the basis of the results in this study, the improvement of working conditions, and the development of stress management program should be considered systematically.
Progression of Subdural Effusion after Surgical Treatment
Kim, Jaehyeon ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1765~1773
The purpose of this study was to contribute to the medical treatment of subdural effusion through clinical sequence analysis of patients who experienced improvement of subdural drainage and had a second operation for subdural drainage or subduroperitoneal shunt. Sixteen cases of the whole patients who have been underwent subdural effusion and subdural drainage were analyzed during the period from 2006 July to 2012 June. The study gave us a result that all of patients, who was taking aspirin, have been under the second operation(p<0.001) and these group have had a subduraoperitoneal shunt(p=0.014)). According to the comparative analysis for the patients group that divided into two; one had subduroperitoneal shunt and the other had no subduroperitoneal shunt, the outcomes of this study were shown as follows. First, their median line deviation was serious in their brain CT. In addition, their subdural effusion increased or did not change with a headache, vomiting, fever and dyspnea. As a result of those symptoms. subduraoperitoneal shunt was carried out(p=0.006). The surgical method for patients who were taken asprin must be cautiously selected and the prevention of sudden disappearance of cerebrospinal fluid and excessive change of intracranial pressure is very important in operation craniectomy.
The Relationship between Neuropathic Pain and Glycemic Control, Self Management in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Seo, Yeong-Mi ; Choi, Won-Hee ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1774~1780
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between diabetic neuropathy, and glycemic control, self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) patients. This was a cross sectional descriptive study and data were collected between May 10 and 31, 2011 using a questionnaire and medical record. The participants were 108 with DM who were treated at the endocrine medical outpatient department. The data were analyzed Pearson's correlation with SPSS WIN program. The mean scores of neuropathic pain and self-management were
(Range 0-14.64) and
(Range 1-7), respectively. There were 33.3% of the patients whose HbA1c levels are higher than 7.5%. Neuropathic pain was positively correlated with glycemic control(r=.18, p=.035), and was negatively correlated with self-management(r=-.19, p=.023).
Factors Related to Psychosocial Stress and Fatigue Symptom Among Nurses Working at Ward and Operating Room in University Hospitals
Park, An-Sook ; Son, Mi-Kyung ; Cho, Young-Chae ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1781~1791
The present study was intended to measure the level of psychosocial stress and fatigue symptom according to the various characteristics such as sociodemographic, health-related, job-related, job stress factors, and psychosocial factors among nurses working at ward and operating room in university hospitals, and to reveal the relation between these factors and psychosocial stress and fatigue symptom. The self-administered questionnaires were given to 220 nurses working at ward, and 147 nurses working at operating room in 4 participating hospitals located in Daejeon City during the period from July 1st to Aug 31st, 2012. As a results, the factors related to the psychosocial stress of nurses working at ward were age, subjective health status, job career, satisfaction of work, fit to the job, job demand, job control, coworker support, self-esteem, locus of control, type A behavior pattern. In operating room, there were age, sleep hours, subjective health status, job career, physical burden of work, satisfaction of work, fit to the job, consider quitting the job, job demand, job control, type A behavior pattern. The factors related to the fatigue symptoms of nurses working at ward were age, leisure time, subjective health status, satisfaction of work, consider quitting the job, job demand, locus of control, type A behavior pattern. In operating room, there were age, subjective health status, physical burden of work, supervisor support, coworker support, locus of control. Based on the study results, we suggest that the factors related to psychosocial stress and fatigue symptom of nurses were different from working station. We need development and application of programs to keep under management psychosocial stress and fatigue symptom.
Effect of Spinal Stabilization Exercise and Manual Therapy on Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index in Acute or Subacute Patients with Low Back Pain
Park, Eun-Young ; Kim, Won-Ho ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1792~1798
The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of type of physical therapy (spinal stabilization exercise and manual therapy) on pain index and disability index in acute and subacute patients with low back pain (LBP). 23 patients with LBP participated and were randomly assigned. Manual therapy and spinal stabilization exercise was applied for 15-minute sessions occurred 3 sessions a week, for 4 weeks. All subjects received conservative therapy for 30-minute. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Korean version of Oswestry disability index (ODI-K) were measured before and after treatment. There was significant difference in VAS and ODI-K between before and after both treatment (p<.05). There was significant difference in change rate of VAS between manual therapy and spinal sabilization exercise (p<.05), but not in change rate of ODI-K (p>.05). Thus, it is suggested that spinal stabilization exercise is helpful to reduce pain safely in acute and subacute patients with LBP.
Effects of Competency Model Based Education Program on Risk Behavior and Competences for Preventing Adolescents' Risk Behavior for Adolescents
Park, Hyun Sook ; Jung, Sun Young ; Kim, Eun Jin ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1799~1809
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of competency model based education program on risk behavior and competences for preventing adolescents' risk behavior in adolescents. A quasi-experimental design was employed in this study. Participants for the study were middle school students, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. A study was also done between September and December 2010. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN. 15.0 program with
test, t-test and two-way ANOVA. Participants in the competency model based education program reported significantly different both the competency for prevention of risk behavior scores (F=11.25, p=.001) and the risk behavior scores (F=16.01, p<.001) from those in the control group. The competency model based education program was effective in increasing competency for prevention of risk behavior and in decreasing risk behavior for adolescents. Therefore, this approach is recommended as a risk behavior prevention strategy for adolescents.
Effects of the Laughter Therapy on Blood Pressure, Depression and Quality of life in Rural Elderly Women
Lee, Hae-Kyung ; Byeon, Do-Hwa ; Park, Yang-Sook ; Kim, Jin-Soon ; Gil, Jung-Hee ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1810~1819
This study is a nonequivalent-comparison-group-quasiexperimental-study which tries to establish the effect of a laughter therapy program on the blood pressure, depression, and the life quality of elderly women in rural area. The subjects are 49 females aged 65 living in S-myeon, 24 and the other 25 of whom are put into an experimental group and a comparison group, respectively. The laughter therapy was performed to the experimental group for 60 minutes a time, twice a week for 13 weeks, from January 5 to April 5 in 2011. To find out the intervention effect, the program was analyzed by a t-test. The result showed that the therapy lowers the systolic blood pressure, relieves depression, and enhances the life quality of them. Therefore, it is expected that the therapy, a useful program contributing to the health improvement of elderly women, can be made use of nursing intervention in clinical trials or communities.
The impact of healthcare accreditation on patient safety and quality, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: about a general hospital
Yeun, Young-Ran ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1820~1829
This study was conducted to examine the effects of healthcare accreditation on patient safety and quality, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. One group pretest posttest design was used. The study included 405 participants, who have worked for more than one year in a general hospital. The treatment was healthcare accreditation which was prepared from Apr. 2012 and tested by Korea Institution for Healthcare Accreditation on Nov. 2012. Data was analyzed using paired t-test and One-Way ANOVA. This study found patient safety and quality(t=7.28, p=.000), job satisfaction(t=7.13, p=.000) and organizational commitment(t=3.44, p=.001) increased significantly after healthcare accreditation. The results of this study suggest that healthcare accreditation has the potential to improve patient safety and quality, job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Pathway Analysis on the Influence of Health Promoting Behavior(HPB) and Depression Cognitive Scale(DCS) on Smoking Cessation Thoughts and Intention to Quit Smoking of College Students who Smoke
Kim, Hee-Jeong ; Ju, Se-Jin ; Kim, Gyeong-Suk ; Kim, Mi-Ok ; Mi, Yu ; Choi, Jeong-Hyeon ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1830~1840
This study attempts to set a pathway on smoking cessation behavior and to verify it by an analysis of the students who smoke. The study was performed with an analysis of the data of 160 students at N university. There were statistically significant differences among the students who desired to quit smoking (or who expressed interest in quitting smoking) in the following areas: thoughts about smoking cessation, intention to quit smoking, health promoting behavior (HPB), and depression cognitive scale (DCS) (p<.01). The student's major was also shown to have a statistically significant influence on one's intention to quit smoking (p=.034) and HPB (p=.044). As thoughts about smoking cessation increased, HPB also showed a significant increase (p<.05). Additionally, as HPB scores increased, DCS scores decreased significantly (p<.001), and thoughts about smoking cessation increased, while DCS scores decreased significantly (p=.027). This study confirmed the pathway that the intention to quit smoking influences DCS by mediating the effects of HPB and that thoughts about smoking cessation influence DCS.
Survey on smoking for college students in some regions
Kim, Dong-Seok ; Kang, Soo-Won ; Park, Ji-Won ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1841~1848
This study is designed to figure out the smoking status of college students. The main object of the study is to analyze the details of smoking status, the relationship between their allowance and smoking habit and the effect of their parent's smoking. This research was conducted toward 854 of college student(460 males/394 females) from 22 to 29 October 2012. According to the research, 49.3% of the males and 8.93% of females were smokers and the smoking group was affected by their allowance and home environment(parental smoking habits). Compared with existing related research results, this study shows the continuous increase rate of female smoking. Therefore the publicity and education to college students for smoking prevention and cessation measures are required.
The Relationship between Depression, Cognitive Function and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living of Elderly Women Living Alone
Lim, Eun Ju ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1849~1856
The purpose of this study is to understand differences in cognitive function and the instrumental activities of daily living depending on whether elderly women living alone in Korea have depression and to determine the correlation between variables. The data were collected from April 2011 to April 2012 with a total of 1,426 women interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Based on examining the correlation between variables, a weak inverse correlation was shown between depression and cognitive function(r=-.208, p<.001), between cognitive function and the instrumental activities of daily living(r=-.256, p<.001), and a weak positive correlation was shown between depression and instrumental activities of daily living(r=.222, p<.001). According to these results, We should pay attention to come up with ways to promote and maintain the mental health of elderly women so that depression level can be reduced through the improvement of cognitive function and social activity level.
Stimulation of the Extracellular Matrix Production in Dermal Fibroblasts by Areca catechu Extract
Lee, Min-Ho ; Kim, Hyung-Jin ; Jung, Hyun-Ah ; Lee, Young-Keun ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1857~1862
Dermal fibroblasts produce the many components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that are needed to maintain connective tissue integrity and repair tissue injuries. This study investigated the effects of Areca catechu extract (ACE) on dermal fibroblast cell activation. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were treated with ACE, and then ECM production was determined by ELISA, Western blot and RT-PCR. ACE significantly accelerated the production of type 1 collagen, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-
by ELISA and type 1 collagen by Western blot assay. ACE also increased the gene expression of COL1A1, TGF-
, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and insulin growth factor (IGF)-1. These results suggest that ACE has the potential to stimulate ECM production and that it might be suitable for maintaining skin texture.
A Study on the Patients Who Attempted Suicide with Drug Intoxication
Han, Jung-Su ; Yun, Seong-Woo ; Choi, Sung-Soo ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1863~1870
The purpose of this study is when the cases will be found, used as a basic data for clinical severity prediction, and research on suicide prevention. By classifying the group of survival and death about the patients who visit the Emergency Medical Center by attempt suicide by drug addiction, identifying the condition when visiting and results of the treatment after visiting. From June 2009 to May 2011, last two years data that among the drug abusers who visited the Emergency Medical Center in C-University Hospital in Gwang-Ju, only suicidal patients, except with unintentional accidents were collected. The findings, among the drug addiction patients who high age, lower level of education and living alone were the mortality rate was higher. And if who drunk the agricultural chemicals, the convalescence was not good. If the causes of suicide were economic problems and depression, the mortality rate was higher. And when visit hospital, if the consciousness was stupor and semi-coma/coma, the convalescence was not good. As grasp the risk for suicide patients of drug addiction, help on the Prediction of clinical severity, also stamp the appropriate drug education with psychological support is more important on them.
Development and Radiation Shield effects of Dose Reduction Fiber for Scatter ray in CT Exams
Kim, Sunghwan ; Kim, Yong Jin ; Kwak, Jong Suk ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1871~1876
In this study, we developed and characterized the shielding properties of dose reduction fiber (DRF, Buffalo Co.) sheet during brain and chest CT examinations. The DRF sheet was composed of
oxide Bismuth (
) and 5 ~ 50 nm nano-barium sulfate (
). Phantom and clinical studies were performed for characterization of the DRF shielding properties. In clinical study, we measured doses of eye, chest, abdomen and reproductive system of 60 patients in 3 hospitals during brain and chest CT examinations. We could determined the shielding effect of the DRF by comparing the doses when we used the DRF sheet or not. When we used the sheet during CT examination, the scattered dose were reduced about 20~50%. So, we suggest that the fiber should be used in radiological examinations for reducing patients doses.
Design of a SUN RF Transceiver for IEEE 802.15.4g
Kim, Jae-Young ; Lee, Seung-Sik ; Seo, Yong-Ho ; Kim, Chang-Wan ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1877~1882
Smart Utility Network (SUN) is not only a core technology of intelligent green home networks but also a future technology which can be applicable to various areas instead of ZigBee. SUN should be compliment with IEEE 802.15.4g standard and can provide high link margin and stable communication data-rate for poor communication surrounding. This paper describes how to design the system simulation environment for the SUN RF transceiver, and also reports the required block-level specification for each circuit and various implementation impairments. Finally, the measured performances of the fabricated RF transceiver, which has utilized the system simulation results, completely satisfies the IEEE 802.15.4g SUN PHY standard.
The Effect of Particle Size and Additives on the Thermoelectric Properties of P-type FeSi
Pai, Chul-Hoon ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1883~1889
Although Fe-Si based alloy has lower figure of merit than Si-Ge alloy applied for space probe, its low cost related to abundant raw material, rather simple processing, high temperature resistance and reliability up to
made it one of the most promising middle temperature thermoelectric generation materials. The effect of particle size and additive on the thermoelectric properties of p-
prepared by a RF inductive furnace was investigated. The electrical conductivity increased slightly with decreasing particle size and hence better grain-to-grain connectivity due to the increase of density. The Seebeck coefficient exhibited the maximum value at about 600~800K and decreased slightly with increasing particle size. This must be due to the amount of residual metallic phase
-doped specimens showed the higher electrical conductivity and the lower Seebeck coefficient due to increase of the metallic phase and Si-vacancy. On the other hand,
-doped specimen showed the higher electrical conductivity and the higher Seebeck coefficients.
Implementation of Overflow Valve and Performance Evaluation System for Diesel Cars
Yoon, Dal-Hwan ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1890~1895
In this paper, we have implemented an overflow valve for EURO5 Type and the performance evaluation system based on IT. On injecting a diesel oil into an engine, it is necessity for an overflow valve that can sustain an engine oil status in front of the engine. In order to evaluate the performance of overflow valve, we need the leak test system with IT. The leak test system checks the pressure, switching time and operating time.
On the Method of Applying COTS through Restriction Analysis in Weapon Systems Development
Lee, Tae-Hyung ; Lee, Jae-Chon ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1896~1902
As a concept that commercial parts are applied to weapon systems, Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS) was not well-received at a time when defense technology led commercial technology. However, the exponential growth of IT and the rapid expansion of commercial industry have made possible to make the cost low through mass production system within a short period, and the benefit of cost and schedule has been highlighted, triggering commercial parts to be applied to weapon systems. In order for commercial technology to be used in defense weapon systems, its performance in an extremely restricted condition of combat environment should be guaranteed. Generally, commercial parts have fundamental limitation in that the design and production requirements for commercial parts are different from those for the military. Therefore, it is required to confirm that commercial parts can be used for weapon systems through the approach of system engineering. This study presents the process tailored to characteristics of marine defense system and the method of analyzing its restricted condition in order to apply COTS to marine defense system. The study classifies the restricted conditions into general and special environments, suggests detailed process, and suggests useful tools to select appropriate items adapted to these restricted conditions in the commercial market. Lastly, as a case study for COTS applied to marine defense system, the study finds out the analysis results of application of COTS and restricted conditions of the warship electric system.
Development of a Portable Digital Electrocardiograph(ECG) measurable with Gel-less Metal Electrodes
Nam, Young-Jin ; Park, Kwang-Min ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1903~1907
Heart condition should be observed for long periods of time because it does not appear abnormal all the time. However, there are many difficulties checking our health for a long time due to its size, operation of equipment, and cost. To solve these problems, an electrocardiograms(ECG), specially interfacing three gel-less metal electrodes for low cost portable applications, is designed and implemented. Gel-less metal electrodes are used for ECG monitoring system instead of gel-type electrodes that can cause skin rashes and itching problem. The whole ECG system consists of two parts-analog and digital circuits. The analog measurement circuit that has a 18*25mm size is made up of op-amps maintaining a sufficiently high common-mode noise rejection and passive elements of SMD type. Analog heart signal is converted to digital stream suitable for display on a TFT-LCD by an 8-bit microcontroller. The size of the completed ECG system is 25*80*50mm and its weighing is about 150g, which is small enough to be easily used. Therefore, the implemented ECG system can be used as a portable one.
Compact Half Bow-tie-type Quasi-Yagi Antenna for Terrestrial DTV Reception
Lee, Jong-Ig ; Yeo, Junho ; Park, Jin-Taek ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1908~1914
In this paper, we introduce a design method for a broadband planar quasi-Yagi antenna (QYA) for terrestrial digital television (DTV) reception. The coplanar strip line which feeds the driver dipole is connected to a microstrip line and is terminated by short circuit. By appending a wide strip-type rectangular director at a location close to the driver dipole, broadband impedance matching and gain enhancement in a high frequency region are obtained. The gain characteristics in a low frequency region are improved by adding a reflector formed by a truncated ground plane. To reduce the antenna size, the strip-type dipole and reflector are modified to half bow-tie (V)-shaped elements. The effects of various parameters on the antenna characteristics are examined. An antenna, as a design example for the proposed antenna, is designed for the operation in the frequency band of 470-806 MHz for terrestrial DTV. The optimized antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate and the experimental results show that the antenna has a good performance such as a frequency band of 450-848 MHz for a VSWR < 2, gain > 4.1 dBi, and front-to-back ratio > 10.4 dB.
Estimation of Directional Solidification Ingot with Heating Position
Jun, Ho-Ik ; Cho, Hyun-Seob ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1915~1920
This paper is the study for the directional solidification of the ingot through the thermal analysis simulation and structural change of casting furnace. With the results of thermal analysis simulation, the silicon as a whole has reached the melting temperature as the retention time 80 min. The best cooling conditions showed at the upper cooling temperature
and cooling time 60min. The fabricated wafers showed the superior etching result at the grain boundary than that of existing commercial wafers. The FTIR measurements of oxygen and carbon impurities were not in the critical value for solar conversion efficiency. The NAA analysis of metal impurities were also detected the total number of 18 different metals, but the concentration distribution showed no significant positional deviations in the same position from the top to the bottom.
A study of object trace using sensor information
Kim, Kwan-Joong ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1921~1925
In this paper, we propose a method of object trace to real image object which enter into an area. The trace to a recognized object can be implemented to detect the moving pattern if the object enter into an area. Such as this mechanism can be applied to some applications to danger area or limited area where the invasion of unauthorized object or the moving pattern of an object is identified to achieve the trace and detection of an object.
A Study of Authentication Method for Id-Based Encryption Using In M2M Environment
Jin, Byung-Wook ; Park, Jae-Pyo ; Lee, Keun-Wang ; Jun, Mun-Seok ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1926~1934
M2M (Machine-to-Machine Communication) refers to technologies that allow wired and wireless systems to communicate with other devices with similar capabilities. M2M has special features which consist of low electricity consumption, cheap expenses, WAN, WLAN and others. Therefore, it can communicate via a network. Also, it can handle itself without a person's management. However, it has a wireless-communicate weakness because of the machine-communicate request, and also it is difficult to administrate and control each other. So In this Paper, It suggests the safety protocol between Device, Gateway and Network Domain in M2M environment. Proposed protocol is based on ID-Based encryption's certificate and creates session key between the Access Server and the Core Server in the Network Domain. It uses that session key for sending and receiving data in mutual, and adds key renewal protocol so it will automatically update discern result. a comparative analysis of the existing M2M communication technologies and PKI-based certificate technology is compared with the proposed protocol efficiency and safety.
The Efficient Scenario of Solving NAT Traversal in the IMS
Han, Seok-Jun ; Lee, Jae-Oh ; Kang, Seung-Chan ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1935~1941
We can use NAT(Network Address Translation) technology to solve the lack of IP address. The problem of NAT traversal is happened when the filtering characteristics of NAT remove the packet that has no binding in the address translation table of NAT. There were many kinds of way to solve these problems by using additional device. Lately, network market is changed into integrating wired and wireless network by the IMS(IP Multimedia Subsystem). The IMS integrates to control network of wired and wireless network, has emerged to control convergence network effectively. Lately, the additional devices like IBCF(Interconnection Border Control Function) and IBGF(Interconnection Border Gateway Function) are used to solve the NAT traversal problem in the IMS. In this paper, we propose the solution of NAT traversal using P-CSCF without any additional equipment in the IMS.
Traffic Anomaly Identification Using Multi-Class Support Vector Machine
Park, Young-Jae ; Kim, Gye-Young ; Jang, Seok-Woo ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1942~1950
This paper suggests a new method of detecting attacks of network traffic by visualizing original traffic data and applying multi-class SVM (support vector machine). The proposed method first generates 2D images from IP and ports of transmitters and receivers, and extracts linear patterns and high intensity values from the images, representing traffic attacks. It then obtains variance of ports of transmitters and receivers and extracts the number of clusters and entropy features using ISODATA algorithm. Finally, it determines through multi-class SVM if the traffic data contain DDoS, DoS, Internet worm, or port scans. Experimental results show that the suggested multi-class SVM-based algorithm can more effectively detect network traffic attacks.
Blind Algorithms using a Random-Symbol Set under Biased Impulsive Noise
Kim, Namyong ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1951~1956
Distribution-matching type algorithms based on a set of symbols generated in random order provide a limited performance under biased impulsive noise since the performance criterion for the algorithms has no variables for biased signal. For the immunity against biased impulsive noise, we propose, in this paper, a modified performance criterion and derived related blind algorithms based on augmented filter structures and the distribution-matching method using a set of random symbols. From the simulation results, the proposed algorithm based on the proposed criterion yielded superior convergence performance undisturbed by the strong biased impulsive noise.
An Empirical Study on the Differences of Relationship between Content Quality Factors and User Satisfaction on Mobile Contents Based on User Characteristics
Kim, Eun-Dong ; Chae, Myung-Sin ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1957~1968
This study figured out how could mobile contents quality factors, such as usefulness, accuracy, timeliness, entertaining, economic, security etc., affect satisfaction by user individuality using empirical analysis with an aim of finding difference in content quality factors which have an influence on mobile contents satisfaction by user characteristics in integrated view systemically. The result of analysis shows that usefulness has an influence on satisfaction in principle regardless of user characteristics. This study discovered that both of usefulness and entertaining are significant to satisfaction in the groups with high-user individuality. On the other hand, in the groups with low-user individuality both of usefulness and accuracy affect satisfaction. Findings show that contents preference can be different based on user characteristics. Implications are discussed and limitations are proposed based on empirical analysis.
Comparison and Analysis of Name-Based Routing Protocols for Information-Centric Network
Kim, Jung-Jae ; Ryu, Min-Woo ; Cha, Si-Ho ; Cho, Kuk-Huyn ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1969~1975
ICN (Information-Centric Network) is a next generation Internet communication technology for converting existing Internet communication paradigm to information-based communication paradigm to efficiently use a large amount of information that exists on the Internet. Therefore, unlike existing Internet communication technologies focused on the process of communication using the host address, ICN focuses on the purpose of communication for each information by defining the information of everything that exists on the Internet. For this purpose, ICN uses NbR (Name-based Routing) methods that assign a name to each piece of information, all routers participating in ICN have the physical storage so that they are able to share information with each other. NbR methods on ICN are divided into one-phase routing and two-phase routing depending on how to reach at the storage of each router. However, currently proposed NbR methods cause many problems because they do not reflect the unique characteristics of ICN. Therefore, this paper looked at various NbR issues from caching, access time, distribution, mobility, scaliability, and dissemination of information for an efficient NbR method, and analyzed existing methods proposed for ICN. This paper also proposed a research direction to study the efficient NbR for ICN based on the analysis information.
Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Systems for Interference Signal Control
Cho, Hyun-Seob ; Oh, Myoung-Kwan ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1976~1981
In this paper, we propose a frequency-domain interference cancellation algorithm for direct-sequence spread spectrum systems. In the previously proposed frequency-domain interference cancellation algorithms that protocol defines the rules concerning the collection of means of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP: Transmission Control Protocol) is the most widely used in the transport layer. Two-way traffic through the network path to the same end-to-end transfer of data in the opposite direction between pairs of nodes are infused with two or more TCP connection using the network traffic patterns from the exchanger and routers share results of approval. Per-flow input/output structure of matter using the LTS online reaction when evaluated as this is the most important factor. TCP-MT when the connection duration is one of the largest performance gains.
Series-Fed Dipole Pair Antenna with WLAN Band Rejection Characteristic
Yeo, Junho ; Hong, Jae Pyo ; Lee, Jong-Ig ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1982~1987
In this paper, a design method to obtain a band rejection characteristic in the 2.4-2.484 GHz WLAN band is studied for a series-fed dipole pair (SDP) antenna operating in the band of 1.7-2.7 GHz for mobile communication base station applications. The band rejection characteristic is achieved by inserting U-shaped slots on the coplanar strip line connecting the two dipole elements of the SDP antenna. The effects of the location and dimension of the slots on the rejection band characteristics are examined. The optimized SDP antenna with WLAN band rejection is fabricated on an FR4 substrate and the experimental results show that the antenna has a desired band rejection performance with a frequency band of 1.65-2.78 GHz (51.0%) for a VSWR < 2, and a rejection band of 2.39-2.54 GHz.
A study for object recognition based on location information
Kim, Kwan-Joong ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1988~1992
In this paper, we propose a method of object recognition to real image object which enter into an area. We needs this method for an application module to detect and trace the moving pattern of some objects entered into an specific area. A scheme to the object recognition is adopted to some applied modules that it is moved from only real image information recognition to real coordination recognition, the mapping between the GPS coordination and real image information provides object coordination.
Behavior Characteristics of Shear Connector for Composite Behavior of Steel Composite Columns
Won, Deok Hee ; Han, Taek Hee ; Kim, Seungjun ; Lee, Jung Hwa ; Kang, Young Jong ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 1993~1999
Steel composite structures have been studied in various areas such as bridges, high rise buildings, and wind towers. They show excellent structural performance through overcoming of the weaknesses of steel and concrete. Although various methods were already developed to achieve full composite behavior between steel and concrete in flexural members, the number of studies regarding composite columns is quite limited. If slip occurs between concrete and steel under external loads, the performance of the composite column would be reduced significantly. Connection methods ensuring full composite action between steel and concrete must be suggested. This paper investigated about structural behavior of shear studs through a series of experimental tests. Extensive parameters were also performed to understand the effects of the diameter of stud, space of stud and height of concrete. The present study provides fundamental bases for further development of design method of shear studs in composite columns.
Evaluation of Structural Safety about the Bending and Torsion of Superstructure of the Fish-bone Girder Pier
Ham, Gyu-Sung ; Lim, Nam-Hyoung ; Park, Jong-Sup ; Yoon, Ki-Yong ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2000~2005
In this paper, the design load acting on a main girder(spine girder) of fish-bone girder pier is proposed. In order to check the structural safety, numerical analyses using finite element program ABAQUS are performed. It is found that the main girder is affected by a torsional behavior as well as a bending behavior and the major influence loading is the torsional loading. Also, from the stress evaluation of the chosen cross section of the main girder, chosen fish-bone girder pier is structurally safe.
A Case Study on Collapsed Geosynthetic Reinforced Segmental Retaining Wall
Kim, Byoung-Il ; Yoo, Wan-Kyu ; Kim, Kyeong-Mo ; Lee, Bong-Yeol ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2006~2012
This case study deal with the investigation of various causes and analyses concerning the cases of the collapse of reinforced segmental retaining walls installed for newly constructing a peripheral road within the campus of
University located in Gyeonggi-do. As results of stability analyses and reviewing of design documents concerning collapsed reinforced segmental retaining walls, such a collapse appeared because of problems related to construction including poor-compacted backfill, the omission of the investigation on the bearing capacity, the length and space in the installation of reinforced materials, and drainage systems. Also, problems during diverse types of designing were confirmed involving the stability analysis of the entire slope stability to be considered during designing and failure in application of the proposed methods of FHWA or NCMA which are generally used for two-tier reinforced segmental retaining walls. In addition, based on these details of the stability assessment, the study proposed reinforcement solutions and construction methods for stabilizing reinforced segmental retaining walls to be reconstructed in the future.
A Study on the preservation plan of Traditional District by Research in Seochon Hanok village
Nam, Sang-Duk ; Lee, Joo-Hyung ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2013~2020
Recently, the korean-style houses are shedded new light. So, this study analysed what it is required and improved for preservation and vitalization of traditional korean village. At tool of analysis and systemic analytical approach, the problem of traditional korean village figured out. and then, the method and Importance of improvement are deducted. As a result of this study, it is represented to need that the preservation of architectural factors in the self korean-style house, but the more important things are deducted cooperation of citizen, political support and consideration of government at level of urban planning. There must be considered for planned conservation and development, increasing value by recreation of historicity and culture in city unit of community.
Effect of Forced Cooling condition along with Welding on Welding Angular Distortion
Park, Jeong-Ung ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2021~2026
In this study, the effect on the welding angle distortion was reviewed by carrying out a thermal elastic-plastic analysis while changing the cooling condition(width, length, and distance from weld torch to cooling torch) the back of the welding zone for the butt weld joint. The review results revealed that maximum 57% of reduction in the angle distortion was achieved when the distance between weld torch and cooling tip of 25mm, cooling length of 80mm, and cooling width of 30mm were maintained.
Comparison of Nitrate and Fluoride Removals between Reverse-Osmosis, Nano-Flitration, Electro-Adsorption, Elecero-Coagulation in Small Water Treatment Plants
Han, Song-Hee ; Chang, In-Soung ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2027~2036
Comparison of removal performance between reverse osmosis(RO), nanofiltration(NF), electrocoagulation(EC) and electroadsorption(EA) for removal of nitrate and fluoride often exceeded the limits of water quality in small water treatment plants. Removals of nitrate and fluoride were 72-92% and 74-85% in RO, 5-15% and 1% in NF, 99% and 44% in EA equipped with MWCNT coated electrodes, 82% and 77% in EA equipped with Cu-MWCNT electrodes, and 11-46% and 69-99% in EC. Consequently, high removals of both ions were anticipated in RO. Effective removal of both ions are possible for EC, but great production of sludge is a big burden. EA equipped with the MWCNT electrodes showed a great fluctuation in removal efficiency, and electrode stability should be upgraded.
Degradation of the Pd catalytic layer electrolyte in dye sensitized solar cells
Noh, Yunyoung ; Song, Ohsung ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2037~2042
A TCO-less palladium (Pd) catalytic layer on the glass substrate was assessed as the counter electrode (CE) in a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to confirm the stability of Pd with the
electrolyte on the DSSC performance. A 90nm-thick Pd film was deposited by a thermal evaporator. Finally, DSSC devices of
with glass/FTO/blocking layer/
/dye/electrolyte(10 mM LiI + 1 mM
in acetonitrile solution)/Pd/glass structure was prepared. We investigated the microstructure and photovoltaic property at 1 and 12 hours after the sample preparation. The optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cyclic voltammetry measurement (C-V), and current voltage (I-V) were employed to measure the microstructure and photovoltaic property evolution. Microstructure analysis showed that the corrosion by reaction between the Pd layer and the electrolyte occurred as time went by, which led the decrease of the catalytic activity and the efficiency. I-V result revealed that the energy conversion efficiency after 1 and 12 hours was 0.34% and 0.15%, respectively. Our results implied that we might employ the other non-
electrolyte or the other catalytic metal layers to guarantee the long term stability of the DSSC devices.
Analysis of Chemical Cleaning for the Top-of-Tubesheet of NPP's Steam Generator
Lee, Han-Chul ; Sung, Ki-Bang ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2043~2048
OPR-1000 CE Steam Generator, of which tube material is composed of Alloy-600 HTMA in nuclear power plant, secondary side is generated ODSCC(Outside Diameter Stress Corrosion Cracking) due to the accumulated sludge. ODSCC is centered around the tube sheet and is being affected depending on the height of the sludge. Chemical cleaning was carried out for a top-of-the-tube sheet(TTS) of Steam Generator in order to decrease corrosive condition of the secondary side of Steam Generator tubes and suppress the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. The amount of sludge removal was 259.2kg. The height of the accumulated sludge was reduced from 0.71 to 0.34 inches. Corrosion rate as the maximum 2.34 mils was satisfied to within EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) recommendation(10 mils).
Shape Changes of Mg(OH)
with Different Magnesium Precursors in Low Temperature
Kang, Kuk-Hyoun ; Jeong, Sun-In ; Lee, Dong-Kyu ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2049~2054
Recently, magnesium hydroxide (
) has many applications in various field, due to its outstanding characteristics such as a nontoxic, noncorrosive and thermal stable properties. In this study, different shapes of flower and flake type magnesium hydroxide were synthesized by precipitation method at room temperature using
as magnesium sources, NaOH and
as alkaline sources. Influence of synthesis on the morphological characteristics, sizes and shapes of magnesium hydroxide particles, was investigated, such as different precursors and parameters. The shape of magnesium hydroxide depend on magnesium and alkali sources. Average size of flower particle had about
, and flake had about 20 ~ 50 nm. The synthesised magnesium hydroxide groups were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR, EDS, PSA and TG.
The Prediction of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for Ethanol/3-methyl-1-butanol System at Constant Temperature
Lee, Joon-Man ; Park, Young-Hae ;
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, volume 14, issue 4, 2013, Pages 2055~2061
Recently, an understanding of new sources of liquid hydrocarbons such as bio-ethanol is economically very important. Successful design of distillation columns in a separation process depend on the availability of accurate vapor-liquid equilibrium data. For the binary system of Ethanol/3-methyl-l-butanol mixture, isothermal Vapor-liquid equilibrium data were measured at temperature of 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and
. An empirical relation to predict Vapor-liquid equilibrium data was obtained from the above measured data. The predicted values are compared with the measured ones to be in a good agreement within accuracy of
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Tanca Torre: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 3 stars hotels in Isola Rossa, Italy.
Set within the picturesque parkland of Isola Rossa, Tanca Torre provides comfortable accommodation and a full range of facilities, such as a gift shop, a 24-hour reception and a tour desk. It is ideally positioned for guests wishing to visit local attractions.
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The property offers cosy apartments, designed to accommodate the needs of any guest.
Those with a car can visit Trinita d' Agultu e Vignola and Badesi, both within easy driving distance of the property. The surrounding countryside allows guests to enjoy relaxing walks.
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The Pregnant Gal's Guide to Hosting for the Holidays
by Courtney Sullivan
by Courtney Sullivan
Serve these non-alcoholic drinks to the entire family and offer as an alternative for party guests who prefer not to drink alcohol.
Despite the hectic pace, the crowds, the non-stop activities and people vying for your attention, there's something magical about the season. We've compiled a few suggestions to help you snatch it up in your Santa cap and have you both appreciating why that jolly ole' elf may be chuckling "ho-ho-ho!"
Making plans for your New Year's Eve when you have a baby has a way of reminding you how much your life has changed. Even if you could fit into that little cocktail dress, you know that it will be close to impossible to find a babysitter for the evening's revelries.
We've gathered together a list of top resolutions and then looked at techniques that can help you build new habits and come back with bragging rights!
by Kas Winters, Mother of Family Ideas™
In our family, we focus more on the fun of being together than on the gifts given or received. Some of the most memorable items exchanged are often inexpensive, handmade or ones that make us laugh. We'll admit that opening gifts is seldom boring, but it's quite a bit of fun to make the exchange itself amusing. We remember those chuckles for years.
Pumpkin carving, painting, or decorating is one of those activities that can bring family members of all ages and descriptions together for a good time. It fun and a bit messy, which many kids enjoy. Parents can teach safety for use of sharp tools, while providing an opportunity for creativity to blossom. This activity, along with the family conversations that occur when you are playing together can make memories that last a lifetime.
Valentine's Day is not about what you buy -- but a celebration of love you have with your family! Kas Winters, The Mother of Family Ideas™ presents these family friendly ideas for making Valentines, planning a special meal and fun activities to round out your night.
This time of year is perfect for teaching kids lessons in charity and thinking of others! Remember, even Santa has helpers!
This is such a fun time of year, with fall festivities, Halloween, visits to the pumpkin patch and more! Let your little ones capture those special memories in a craft that can be treasured for years to come!