text:
Discussion in 'iPod touch' started by SeRb_KiNg, Jan 18, 2009.
im just wondering mine is in good condition with minor scratches on the back how bout yours?
Everybody's has minor scratches on the back.
I have had a silicon case since i first got it so there are some minor scratches on the back and one small scratch on the front (no screen protector)
My touch has quite a lot of back scratches, and one on the front.
My new Classic will be taken care of much better (invisibleshield)
i have no idea i never even touched teh back. the second i opened it i placed it in a case and its never been removed since
check because i had used a silicone case on mine and when i removed it i had scratches on it i dont know how i never took it off but somehow i had little dot scratches sucks check anyway
WOAH!! mine is just liek that!! regular scratches like any other ipod... and there is one smalllll scratch on the screen only visible against a white background
and ive had the ipod covered by a speck pixelskin silicone case
Mine has Almost no scratches on the back because right when I bought it I put it into a hard case Please Register or Log in to view images
Please Register or Log in to view images
well i checked for u and it turned out to be PERFECT nothing even under light and a magnifying glassPlease Register or Log in to view images
i dont use silicone u use this case
i use this
and yes it fits the 2g correctly has the beveled baking
mine has some scratches on the back, but very minimal, none on front
Separate names with a comma.


text:
Kendis Gibson (born 1978) is currently a weekend anchor and reporter at WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C. Gibson received a Bachelors of Arts in Political Science from the State University of New York at Oswego. Gibson started his career at the NBC station in Rochester, NY. After spending three years reporting there, he moved to WTXF in Philadelphia as the morning anchor and reporter. He won two Emmy Awards for 'outstanding news reporting' and 'sports feature'. He returned to New York City to be a lead reporter for WNBC NewsChannel. At NBC he reported on some of the biggest news stories at the time, including the crash of the Concorde. With his home just blocks from the World Trade Center, he was one of the first reporters on the scene following the attacks of 9/11.
Contributions by JayaustinW, 126.96.36.199, and Abric.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hydrocracking process is used in the refinery for the conversion of heavy oil feedstock into high quality lighter fuel products such as gasoline, naptha, kerosene and diesel. It is a two step process. In the first step, polyaromatic compounds such as sulphur and organic nitrogen are converted to hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. The organic nitrogen present in the feedstock would otherwise hinder the activity of cracking catalyst. In second step, high molecular weight hydrocarbons are cracked first in comparison to other hydrocarbons. The product yield and properties are determined by the type of feedstock, the process conditions and the cracking catalyst selectivity. Various types of feedstock are processed in hydrocrackers, including vacuum gas oils, atmospheric gas oils, deasphalted oil and thermally cracked gas oils.
Hydrocrackers are typically classified such as single stage, two stage and series flow. In single stage hydrocrackers, catalysts are present in a single stage. A single catalyst or a stack bed arrangement of two different catalysts might be used in a single stage hydrocracker. Two stage hydrocracker carries out product separation that removes NH3 and H2S, so that hydrocracking catalyst is expose to the minimum level of these gases.
Some of the major drivers of the hydrocracking market are increasing demand of middle distillates and gasoline, ability to convert various types of feedstock oils and no coke production. However, high cost of the hydrocracking process can hinder the growth of the market. Ample opportunities lie for hydrocracking process as demand for petroleum products is increasing at a rapid rate.
Some of the technology licensors of hydrocracker units are Axens, CB&I Company, Chevron Lummus Global, Exxon Mobil, Flour Corporation, KBR Inc, Shell Global Solutions and UOP among others.
This research report analyzes this market depending on its market segments, major geographies, and current market trends. Geographies analyzed under this research report include
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This report provides comprehensive analysis of
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This report is a complete study of current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and restraints. It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes analysis of recent developments in technology, Porter's five force model analysis and detailed profiles of top industry players. The report also includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis.
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text:
Florida Events
Florida events take place throughout the year and are a great way to add things to do to your vacation itinerary. No matter if you're in Orlando, Miami, or anywhere else in the state, there may be a major event taking place nearby.
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United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit
August 6, 2013
United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Robert Kent Alexander, Defendant-Appellant.
Argued and Submitted April 9, 2013 —Seattle, Washington
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington Ronald B. Leighton, District Judge, Presiding DC No. 3:11-cr-05352 RBL-1
Alan Zarky (argued) and Colin Fieman, Assistant Federal Public Defenders, Tacoma, Washington, for Defendant-Appellant.
Michael S. Morgan (argued), Assistant United States Attorney; Jenny A. Durkan, United States Attorney for the Western District of Washington, Seattle, Washington, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Before: Dorothy W. Nelson, A. Wallace Tashima, and Consuelo M. Callahan, Circuit Judges.
Criminal Law
Affirming a conviction for aggravated identity theft, the panel held that a victim's true name and banking numbers appearing on a counterfeit check are a "means of identification" for purposes of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1028A, 1028(d)(7).
TASHIMA, Circuit Judge
We must decide whether a counterfeit paper check that bears a victim's true name, bank account number, and routing number is a "means of identification of another person" for the purposes of the aggravated identity theft statute, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1028A, 1028(d)(7)). The district court answered in the affirmative and returned a judgment of conviction. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and, for the following reasons, we affirm.
While employed as a newspaper deliveryman, Robert Kent Alexander stole mail belonging to two individuals who resided along his delivery route, M.S. and V.S. ("the Snows"). The stolen mail contained a check imprinted with the Snows' names, address, bank account number, and bank routing number. Alexander used the stolen check to create a second, counterfeit check bearing the false name "Robert C. Snow" (listed as a joint account holder along with the Snows), a false Washington State ID number for Robert Snow, and the Snows' true bank account and routing numbers.
Alexander then used the counterfeit check and a fake ID card in the name "Robert Charles Snow, " a card that bore Alexander's picture, to make a $158.06 purchase at Walmart. Alexander was on supervised release at the time and, several days prior to the Walmart transaction, a warrant had been issued for his arrest alleging various supervised release violations. During a subsequent search of Alexander's residence, probation officials discovered the counterfeit check. The Snows later reported the Walmart transaction as an unauthorized debit.
Alexander was charged with aggravated identity theft in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028A (count 1), bank fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1344 (count 2), passing a forged or altered check in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 513(a) (count 3), and possessing stolen mail in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1708 (count 4). He pleaded guilty to counts 2, 3, and 4. A bench trial was held on count 1, which charged that Alexander "knowingly used, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person, to wit, the name and Peninsula Credit Union account number of M.S. and V.S., during and in relation to a felony listed in . . . Section 1028A(c), to wit, bank fraud, in violation of . . . Section 1344." Alexander stipulated to the relevant facts but moved for a judgment of acquittal on the grounds that his conduct did not amount to a violation of § 1028A. He argued that, as a matter of statutory interpretation, the passing of a stolen check cannot form the basis of an aggravated identity theft conviction. He noted that § 1028A(a)(1) requires the unlawful use of "a means of identification of another person, " a term statutorily defined as "any name or number that may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a specific individual, including any . . . access device []as defined in [18 U.S.C.] section 1029(e)." 18 U.S.C. § 1028(d)(7). But because the term "access device" is defined elsewhere in Title 18 as excluding paper checks, see id. § 1029(e)(1), Alexander argued that the names and numbers on his counterfeit check were, as a matter of law, not a "means of identification."
The district court rejected Alexander's proposed reading of the statute and, following a one-day bench trial, Alexander was convicted of aggravated identity theft. The court sentenced Alexander to a total of seventy-two months' imprisonment followed by five years of supervised release and $158.06 of restitution.
We review de novo the district court's interpretation of a criminal statute. See United States v. Keyser, 704 F.3d 631, 640–41 (9th Cir. 2012). Our analysis begins with the plain language of the statute. United States v. Williams, 659 F.3d 1223, 1225 (9th Cir. 2011). "If the plain meaning of the statute is unambiguous, that meaning is controlling and we need not examine legislative history as an aide to interpretation unless the legislative history clearly indicates that Congress meant something other than what it said." Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
The plain language of the aggravated identity theft statute answers the question before us: a victim's true name and banking numbers, appearing on a counterfeit check, are "any name or number that may be used . . . to identify a specific individual." 18 U.S.C. § 1028(d)(7). Accordingly, we agree with the district court that the Snows' personal information appearing on Alexander's counterfeit check was a "means of identification."
Aggravated identity theft involves the knowing transfer, possession, or use of "a means of identification of another person." Id. § 1028A(a)(1). The statute defines a "means of identification" as
any name or number that may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a specific individual, including any–
(A) name, social security number, date of birth, official State or government issued driver's license or identification number, alien registration number, government passport number, employer or taxpayer identification number;
(B) unique biometric data, such as fingerprint, voice print, retina or iris image, or other unique physical representation;
(C) unique electronic identification number, address, or routing code; or
(D) telecommunication identifying information or access device (as defined in section 1029(e))[.]
Id. § 1028(d)(7). Subsection (D) of the aggravated identity theft statute cross-references the access-device fraud statute, which defines "access device" as
any card, plate, code, account number, electronic serial number, mobile identification number, personal identification number, or other telecommunications service, equipment, or instrument identifier, or other means of account access that can be used, alone or in conjunction with another access device, to obtain money, goods, services, or any other thing of value, or that can be used to initiate a transfer of funds (other than a transfer originated solely by paper instrument)[.]
Id. § 1029(e)(1) (emphasis added). Alexander argues that his counterfeit check effected a "transfer originated solely by paper instrument" under the parenthetical language of § 1029(e)(1); we assume, without deciding, that he is correct.[1]According to Alexander, by incorporating the access-device definition from § 1029(e)(1) into § 1028(d)(7)(D), Congress excluded check forgery from the crime of aggravated identity theft. We decline to adopt Alexander's grossly atextual reading of the statute.
It is plain from the language of § 1028(d)(7) that although every access device is a means of identification, not all means of identification are access devices. The term "access device" appears in § 1028(d)(7)(D), one of four subsections that illustrate the sorts of "name[s] or number[s]" that meet the definition of a "means of identification." Subsections (A) through (D) are connected by the disjunctive "or, " indicating that no single subsection is necessary to the definition.[2]Moreover, subsections (A) through (D) are preceded by the word "including, " which suggests that the list is illustrative rather than exhaustive. See United States v. Wyatt, 408 F.3d 1257, 1261 (9th Cir. 2005). Thus, whether Alexander's counterfeit check was an "access device" does not answer the question whether the names and banking numbers on his counterfeit check were a "means of identification." For that answer, we must look to § 1028(d)(7)'s introductory paragraph, as well as the examples provided in subsections (A) through (C).
Alexander does not dispute that his counterfeit check contained the Snows' names, bank account number, and routing number. "[A]ny name or number that may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a specific individual" is a "means of identification" under § 1028(d)(7). Subsection (A) reiterates that any "name" meets the definition. 18 U.S.C. § 1028(d)(7)(A). Moreover, a "routing code" expressly meets the definition of a "means of identification" under § 1028(d)(7)(C). The names and banking numbers on Alexander's counterfeit check are therefore a "means of identification" under the plain statutory text.
Perhaps recognizing that his proposed reading of the statute runs headlong into some very obvious textual problems, Alexander argues that treating a victim's name and banking numbers on a counterfeit check as a "means of identification" would render § 1029(e)(1) – the provision that excludes paper-instrument transfers from the definition of an access device – a nullity. He asks us to "give effect" to § 1029(e)(1)'s paper-instrument exclusion by holding that the names and numbers on his counterfeit check were not a "means of identification." The argument suffers a number of flaws.
As an initial matter, Alexander's nullity argument rests on a logical fallacy. A transfer originated solely by paper instrument is not an access device at all; as such, § 1028(d)(7)(D) has no application.[3] Stated differently, the only "effect" of the paper-instrument exclusion is in defining the contours of the term "access device." See id. § 1029(e)(1). Assuming, for the sake of argument, that Alexander's counterfeit check was not an "access device" because it effected a "transfer originated solely by paper instrument, " the access-device definition – and its paper-instrument exclusion – simply play no further role in the analysis. Id. We fail to see how a subsection that has no application to begin with can be rendered a nullity.
In any event, our interpretation of § 1028(d)(7) does not render § 1029(e)(1)'s paper-instrument exclusion a nullity. That exclusion continues to limit the scope of conduct prohibited by the access-device fraud statute. See id. § 1029(e)(1). And the definition of an "access device" continues to have practical significance in other contexts. See, e.g., U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1(b)(11) (2012) (imposing a two-level sentencing increase for select offenses involving "the production or trafficking of any . . . unauthorized access device or counterfeit access device"); Id. cmt. 9(A) (defining "counterfeit access device" and "unauthorized access device" by the meanings given in § 1029(e)). Alexander offers no persuasive argument to the contrary.
Finally, Alexander argues that treating the victims' names and banking numbers on a counterfeit check as a "means of identification" will upset the state-federal balance in the prosecution of theft offenses by federalizing check forgery. Again, Alexander's argument is foreclosed by the plain statutory language. To the extent that a forged check contains a victim's true name, bank account number, and routing number – personal data that easily "may be used . . . to identify a specific individual" – such a check plainly and comfortably fits within the broad language of § 1028(d)(7) ("any name or number") as well as the specific language of subsections (A) ("name") and (C) ("routing code").
We have previously observed that, "[b]y using the word 'any' to qualify the term 'name, ' the [aggravated identity theft] statute reflects Congress's intention to construct an expansive definition." United States v. Blixt, 548 F.3d 882, 887 (9th Cir. 2008). In Blixt, we held that "forging another's signature constitutes the use of that person's name and thus qualifies as a 'means of identification' under 18 U.S.C. § 1028A." Id. at 886. We explained that "[c]ategorically carving out a signature from th[e] definition [of a means of identification] . . . would impermissibly narrow the definition of 'name' in the statute." Id. at 887. Alexander's proposed construction of the statute poses a similar problem. Categorically carving out paper-instrument transfers from the definition of a means of identification would impermissibly narrow the broad introductory language of § 1028(d)(7), which defines "means of identification" in terms of the nature of the personal data – "any name or number" – rather than the medium on which it is conveyed (e.g., paper instruments).
Congress knows how to exclude paper-instrument transfers from the ambit of a criminal statute. They did so in 1984, when they defined the term "access device" as part of the Credit Card Fraud Act. See Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, Pub. L. No. 98-473, 98 Stat. 1976, 2183–84 (codified at 18 U.S.C. § 1029). But in 1998, when it defined the term "means of identification" as part of the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act, it painted with a broader brush. See Pub. L. No. 105-318, 112 Stat. 3007, 3008–09 (1998) (codified at 18 U.S.C. § 1028(d)). We presume that such drafting decisions are deliberate. See United States v. Johnson, 680 F.3d 1140, 1144 (9th Cir. 2012) ("[W]here Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely in the disparate inclusion or exclusion." (quoting Kucana v. Holder, 558 U.S. 233 (2010) (internal quotation marks omitted)).
The judgment of conviction is AFFIRMED.
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Author calls for formation to meet challenge of social media
Book review: Although the tools of mass media have changed dramatically since 1971, the need for a dialogue between faith and media continues.
Book review: Although the tools of mass media have changed dramatically since 1971, the need for a dialogue between faith and media continues.
Morgan Atkinson's new documentary on Thomas Merton, the famed Trappist monk from the Cistercian abbey in Gethsemani, Kentucky, was "40 years in the making," he joked.
Actually, it was closer to two, but it was Atkinson's own pilgrimage to Gethsemani 40 years ago that not only broadened his exposure to Merton, but led him to become a Catholic himself.
Movie review: "Marie's Story" is handsomely rendered, with beautiful, saturated colors and texture that invites the audience into the world of Marie, who is deaf and blind.
Anyone who has worked among the very poor knows how hard it is to strike a solid stance between optimism and despair.
When Pope Francis tweets, the world listens.
According to "Twiplomacy," a study of the Twitter accounts of world leaders and their retweet rates, U.S. President Barack Obama has the most Twitter followers, but Pope Francis' @Pontifex is the most influential Twitter account -- his average "retweet" and "favorite" rate is more than eight times higher than Obama's.
PBS's "Wolf Hall" engages in some bold revisionism by depicting More not as a saint but as "a heresy-hunting, scrupulous prig," one critic says.
As a playwright born in Vietnam, Don Nguyen saw dramatic possibilities in a story about an HIV-positive woman who started the country's first support group for infected women.
In his photographs, Joshua Trujillo illuminates uniquely personal narratives infused with private purpose and public meaning.
Perspective: While it's tempting for Christians to lock themselves away in anti-secular bubbles, the ramifications of doing so are polarizing at best and deeply destructive at worst.
If you watch the slick TV commercials BP is rolling out these days for the fifth anniversary of the BP oil spill from the Deepwater Horizon on April 20, 2010, you'd think all was well. But you cannot fool award-winning documentary filmmaker Margaret Brown. Her one-hour tour of the Louisiana, Alabama and Texas coast, "The Great Invisible," shows us the lasting change wrought on people, land, and sea by the impact of the worst environmental calamity in U.S. history.


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commuter bag conundrum: anything but the rolling suitcase
Commuting to work is exhausting. And when you're trudging twice a day across town, your bag of choice can be a giant burden. Since you'll be donning it for a few hours a day, you want a bag that not only makes moving around easy, but one that also makes you hold your head high with pride.
To and from work my commute is about 2-3 hours depending on if the subway and bus all magically align. This means I have to take careful consideration into which bag I slug around on the trek. I'm actually on the lookout for a new bag right now, and here are a few things I've found that really count (notice none of them are wheels – those are tripping-machines):
- Weight – it has to be lightweight enough for easy movement, yet sturdy enough to handle commuter necessities e.g. the free paper, eBook, lunch containers, a sweater, a hat and possibly extra shoes.
- Pockets - technically pockets and zippers. That bag is moving in all different directions and your stuff needs to be locked up tight.
- Looks – thousands of people are going to see your bag. One or two "what a cute bag!" comments can really brighten your day.
My fave style of bag by far is the messenger bag. The crossbody straps make it a bit easier on the shoulders and simple to manoeuvre through turnstiles and up escalators. Plus, they have more pockets than you can shake a stick at. Here are some divine ones I found on eBags. We even have an eBags coupon for 20% off your order, so you can save the extra change for tokens.
First off, this bag is way light at only 1 pound. It's also available in a number of different colors, so you can match it to your personality. And finally? It's expandable! Perfect for days when you bring your lunch or need to carry a book or two.
I love this bag. The color is great, it's not overly huge, and it's eco-friendly (bonus!). Not only can it fit all your books and keys and such, but it also fits your laptop and has power cord pockets. Very low-key, yet it is perfect for commuting long distance with a ton of stuff.
The bags above are pretty casual, so you may need something a bit more professional for a meeting with your top client. Thus I bring you the ClaireChase. The ClaireChase is a bit heavier at 4 pounds, so be a bit more selective in choosing what to put in it. But the elegance really shines with the 100% cowhide leather. You'll really be taken seriously with this pro messenger.
Urban Junket Stella Device Bag
Personally, this is my fave of the four. It may not be able to handle a big lunch container, but will keep your eReader safe and snug, and it's made from recycled plastic bottles for those of us that like to go green. Plus, it's too cute and will most definitely get you a compliment or two.
Which one do you like? Do you have a favorite bag to take to work?
Category: fashion shopping tips


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decided: December 14, 1979.
WILLIAM RILEYv.CITY OF CHESTER AND JOSEPH F. BATTLE, MAYOR OF THE CITY OF CHESTER, AND JOHN OWENS, CHIEF OF POLICE OF THE CITY OF CHESTER; GERALDINE OLIVER, A WITNESS FOR THE PLAINTIFF, APPELLANT
ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA (D.C. Civil O. 79-3783)
Before Gibbons, Higginbotham and Sloviter, Circuit Judges.
Opinion OF COURT
This is an appeal by Geraldine Oliver, a staff writer for the Delaware County Daily Times for approximately 26 years, who was adjudged by the district court to be in civil contempt because, when questioned by counsel for the plaintiff in a civil action pending in the district court, she refused to identify the source of her information for a newspaper article she wrote. This case raises the question of the circumstances in which a reporter can be compelled to disclose the source of her news stories.
1. The action in the court below was filed on October 19, 1979 by William Riley, a policeman employed by the City of Chester, who was a candidate for mayor in the election to be held November 6, 1979. Defendant Joseph F. Battle is the mayor of the City of Chester and was also a candidate for reelection as mayor.*fn1 Defendant John Owens is Chief of Police of the City of Chester. The complaint, which was filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1343 and 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleges that defendants and other employees of the City of Chester violated plaintiff's constitutional rights with respect to his freedom to conduct his campaign for public office by practices which include surveillance of the plaintiff, conducting investigations of plaintiff's performance of duties as a Chester policeman, and public announcement of those investigations. Plaintiff sought a preliminary injunction in the court below restraining defendants from their surveillance of his person and residence and from conducting spurious investigations of his performance as a policeman.
2. A hearing on the motion for preliminary injunction was held in the trial court on October 29, 1979 and October 30, 1979. In the course of that hearing the order of civil contempt which is the subject of this appeal was entered.
3. As part of his testimony in support of the motion for preliminary injunction, plaintiff Riley stated that there were leaks to the press with respect to internal investigations conducted by the Police Department after he had become a candidate for mayor, that the newspaper articles reporting information from his police personnel file contained some inaccurate information, that he never authorized anyone to release such information and that no one asked his permission. (TR 1-9, TR 1-15-26). Plaintiff submitted as exhibits a series of newspaper articles which, Inter alia, referred to various investigations.
4. Immediately following Mr. Riley's testimony, plaintiff called as a witness the appellant, Geraldine Oliver, and the following questioning, relevant to this appeal, took place:
Q Ms. Oliver, what is your occupation?
A I am a staff writer for the Delaware County Daily Times.
Q How long have you written for the Daily Times?
A Between 26 and 27 years to the best of my knowledge.
Q Have you in any way, shape or form covered the election for the office of Mayor in the City of Chester in 1979?
A As a side bar perhaps. Only as a staff writer on general assignment.
Q As a staff writer on the newspaper.
A Right.
Q Ms. Oliver . . . I ask you to refer to what His Honor has directed me to mark as P-2-A.*fn2
A Well, P-2-A is the same article you referred to before and it is in the Delaware County Daily Times, and I did in fact write that article.
Q You did in fact write it.
Did you write it at the time, on August 21, 1979?
A On or about that date, yes. I'm not sure of the date of the publication. I would have written it the day before publication. (The article was published on August 22, 1979.)
Q Did you observe Mr. Riley's personnel record?
A No.
Q What was the source of your
THE COURT: You say you didn't observe. You mean you didn't actually physically examine or look at the personnel record?
MR. BLACK: Yes. That is the question, Your Honor.
THE WITNESS: I did not.
Q What was the source of your information?
MR. LAWLESS: Objection.
A I cannot answer that.
The basis on which Ms. Oliver refused to answer that question was the First Amendment and the Pennsylvania Shield Law, 42 Pa.Cons.Stat.Ann. § 5942.
5. Although plaintiff's counsel argued that the Pennsylvania Shield Law was inapplicable and that the privilege should not apply, he did not move to cite appellant for contempt. The trial court directed that appellant answer and when she refused again, sua sponte cited appellant for civil contempt (TR 1-114). Later that day the court issued a Memorandum and signed the written Order of contempt.
6. Plaintiff's next witness, Chester Police Department Inspector Timothy Gill, who is involved in internal police investigations, testified that he had been requested to investigate Mr. Riley three times. The first time the request was made by retired Chief Hamilton on July 13, 1979, with respect to an investigation he was conducting regarding leaks of confidential information from the Police Department about rental cars being used by vice officers and raids being conducted by the Vice Unit. The second investigation was ordered by Chief Hamilton on August 21, 1979 in regard to Riley's failure to have a proper Pennsylvania driver's license, and the third investigation, ordered by Chief John Owens, related to reports in a Philadelphia Bulletin article that Riley has brought bootleg whiskey into the State of Pennsylvania. (TR 1-119-126; TR 1-136-137). He also testified that before May of this year, he had investigated Riley with respect to some other matters, including the use of sick days (TR 1-127) and the failure to take a citizen's complaint report (TR 1-139-140). Inspector Gill was questioned about the confidentiality of the investigation reports and testified as follows:
Q Well, let me ask you this, Inspector Gill: Are you personally authorized to release information concerning investigation of a policeman for say abuse of sick time?
A No, sir.
Q Are you personally authorized to release publicly information concerning your investigation of a policeman for an incident like having whisky from out of state at a political rally?
A I don't release any information, sir.
Q Who else besides yourself, Inspector, investigates internal police matters?
A There is different grades of investigations in Department, O.K.?
Some of them can be immediately handled by a supervisor, and some go on further.
There are two other inspectors besides myself. Inspector Iacono and Inspector William Hoopes.
From time to time there have been internal investigations. The Chief of Police has the authority I am certain he does he can assign detectives or anyone else that he feels can do the job and he will do this from time to time.
I got to fully state to you in the past three to four months most of my work has been tied up in other matters other than internal investigations, and I have been very busy, and I am sure there were numerous investigations that the Chief of Police handed out to other inspectors or other officers in the Department.
MR. BLACK: Thank you, Inspector. That is all I have.
Plaintiff's counsel did not seek from Inspector Gill the identity of any of the other persons who had access to the files regarding these investigations.
7. Plaintiff then called Gwendolyn McKinney, a staff reporter for the Philadelphia Tribune, who testified that Mayor Battle and Riley himself were the sources of her newspaper articles concerning police investigations into Riley's conduct (TR 2-10-34). Ms. McKinney noted that her articles actually attributed statements of those investigations to Mayor Battle (TR 2-11).
8. Plaintiff's next witness was Mayor Joseph F. Battle, who admitted making statements to reporters (TR 2-54-59, TR 2-73-77), including Geraldine Oliver (TR 2-66-73), and also admitted that most of the newspaper reports attributed to his statements regarding investigations of officer Riley were accurate, although he stated that there were times when the newspaper articles did not report his statements exactly as he said them (TR 2-60, 2-65). Mayor Battle specified that he had informed reporters about allegations of Riley's misbehavior including alleged sick leave abuses (TR 2-57-60, 2-73), possible election campaign violations (TR 2-62), unauthorized use of work time for coffee breaks (TR 2-69-70) and leaks of police information to the press (TR 2-52-56). With respect to his conversations with Geraldine Oliver, he testified "I answered her inquiry, because every time I go in the police station somebody calls the reporters and then I get a flood of calls. But, I answer every reporter's call, and I tell them the truth whatever it is." (TR 2-72).
9. Thereafter Michael Hobbs, a reporter from The Philadelphia Inquirer, testified that Mayor Battle was one of the sources of information used by him in writing newspaper articles concerning internal police department investigations of Riley, and that at times Mayor Battle would call him with information and that at times he would call Mayor Battle requesting information. (TR 2-98-102). The newspaper article which was the subject of Mr. Hobbs' testimony attributes the information to Mayor Battle.
10. Plaintiff's final witness was John Michael Roman, general assignment reporter for the Delaware County Daily Times, who testified that he prepared an article on the investigation by Battle of Riley's use of sick leave days from information supplied to him by Mayor Battle (TR 2-131-133). That article attributes the source of the information to Mayor Battle.
11. Plaintiff made no attempt to call as a witness defendant John Owens, Chief of Police of the City of Chester.
12. At the conclusion of the hearing on the second day, counsel for the defendants moved to dismiss the plaintiff's application for preliminary injunction "for failing to establish the necessary basis factually and legally to obtain such an injunction." (TR 2-157-158). The court responded:
I have no intention of issuing a preliminary injunction unless something more is added to this record than is presently on it. And that means the testimony that we haven't heard from Miss Oliver. I can do nothing. I will not issue a preliminary injunction, nor will I deny one at this point. I will not dismiss the complaint, not until I have heard Miss Oliver's testimony.
Of course, if the court of appeals does not act before next Tuesday, since all that is sought before me is a preliminary injunction designed to control certain aspects of the conduct of the defendants as it bears upon the upcoming election, the whole matter may become moot as of next Tuesday. But, I have no choice in the matter.
13. On October 30, 1979 appellant applied to this court for bail pending appeal from the adjudication of civil contempt and requested, in the alternative, an order staying execution of the adjudication of civil contempt pending appeal. By Order dated October 30, 1979, the execution of the contempt order was stayed pending further order of the panel of this court. The appellant, Geraldine Oliver, and the intervenors, Bucks County Courier Times and First Amendment Coalition, then moved for a summary reversal of the Order of the district court adjudging Ms. Oliver in contempt. Riley in turn moved for summary affirmance of the adjudication of civil contempt. At the hearing on November 2, 1979, which was originally scheduled on the Motion for bail and for a stay, the parties consented to expand the hearing to encompass the motions for summary affirmance and summary reversal, thereby placing before this court the merits of the civil contempt order.
14. On November 2, 1979 we filed the following order:
On the appellant's motion for summary reversal, IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the order appealed from be and is hereby reversed. An opinion in support of this judgment will be filed hereafter.
Rule 501 of the Federal Rules of Evidence provides:
Except as otherwise required by the Constitution of the United States or provided by Act of Congress or in rules prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority, the privilege of a witness, person, government, State, or political subdivision thereof shall be governed by the principles of the common law as they may be interpreted by the courts of the United States in the light of reason and experience. However, in civil actions and proceedings, with respect to an element of a claim or defense as to which State law supplies the rule of decision, the privilege of a witness, person, government, State, or political subdivision thereof shall be determined in accordance with State law.
Fed.R.Evid. 501.
The complaint in the action pending in the district court was filed under a federal statute, and therefore we are required to interpret federal common law insofar as it applies to the claimed privilege of a reporter. The legislative history of Rule 501 manifests that its flexible language was designed to encompass, Inter alia, a reporter's privilege not to disclose a source. The original draft of the Rule defined nine specific nonconstitutional privileges, but failed to include among the enumerated privileges one for a reporter or journalist. The Advisory Committee gave no reason for the omission.*fn3 This was one of the primary focuses of the congressional review of the proposed evidentiary rules, stemming in part from the "nationwide discussions of the newspaperman's privilege."*fn4 Following testimony on behalf of groups such as the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press,*fn5 the privilege rule was revised to eliminate the proposed specific rules on privileges and to leave the law of privilege in its current state to be developed by the federal courts.*fn6
Where a witness claims a privilege founded on the First Amendment of the Constitution, our "reason and experience" directs us in the first instance to that Amendment. In Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665, 707, 92 S. Ct. 2646, 33 L. Ed. 2d 626 (1972), the Court acknowledged the existence of First Amendment protection for "newsgathering". The interrelationship between newsgathering, news dissemination and the need for a journalist to protect his or her source is too apparent to require belaboring. A journalist's inability to protect the confidentiality of sources s/he must use will jeopardize the journalist's ability to obtain information on a confidential basis. Baker v. F & F Investment, 470 F.2d 778, 782 (2d Cir. 1972), Cert. denied, 411 U.S. 966, 93 S. Ct. 2147, 36 L. Ed. 2d 686 (1973); Zerilli v. Bell, 458 F. Supp. 26, 28 (D.D.C.1978). This in turn will seriously erode the essential role played by the press in the dissemination of information and matters of interest and concern to the public. The role of "an untrammeled press as a vital source of public information", Grosjean v. American Press Co., 297 U.S. 233, 250, 56 S. Ct. 444, 449, 80 L. Ed. 660 (1936), was one of the primary bases for its First Amendment protection. "The press was to serve the governed, not the governors. . . . The press was protected so that it could bare the secrets of government and inform the people." New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713, 717, 91 S. Ct. 2140, 2143, 29 L. Ed. 2d 822 (1971) (Black, J., concurring).
The limitation imposed by the Court in Branzburg v. Hayes on the ability of a journalist to refuse to disclose information is not applicable to the facts in this case. There, the Supreme Court decided that a journalist does not have an absolute privilege under the First Amendment to refuse to appear and testify before a grand jury to answer questions relevant to an investigation into the commission of crime. No Supreme Court case since that decision has extended the holding beyond that which was necessary there to vindicate "the public interest in law enforcement and in ensuring effective grand jury proceedings." 408 U.S. at 690, 92 S. Ct. at 2661.
The strong public policy which supports the unfettered communication to the public of information, comment and opinion and the Constitutional dimension of that policy, expressly recognized in Branzburg v. Hayes, lead us to conclude that journalists have a federal common law privilege, albeit qualified, to refuse to divulge their sources. Such a privilege has also been recognized by many other courts which have considered this question following the decision in Branzburg v. Hayes. See, e. g., Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee Corp., 563 F.2d 433, 436 (10th Cir. 1977); Baker v. F & F Investment, supra; Gulliver's Periodicals, Ltd. v. Charles Levy Circulating Co., 455 F. Supp. 1197, 1203 (N.D.Ill.1978); Zerilli v. Bell, supra; Altemose Construction Co. v. Building & Construction Trades Council, 443 F. Supp. 489, 491 (E.D.Pa.1977); Gilbert v. Allied Chemical Corp., 411 F. Supp. 505, 508 (E.D.Va.1976).
In recognizing such a privilege, we may consider also the applicable state law, in this case Pennsylvania's Shield Law, 42 Pa.Cons.Stat.Ann. § 5942, which provides that:
(a) General rule. No person engaged on, connected with, or employed by any newspaper of general circulation or any press association or any radio or television station, or any magazine of general circulation, for the purpose of gathering, procuring, compiling, editing or publishing news, shall be required to disclose the source of any information procured or obtained by such person, in any legal proceeding, trial or investigation before any government unit.
The Conference Report with respect to Rule 501, although noting that in federal court in non-diversity jurisdiction civil cases "federal privilege law will generally apply", also referred to language in the concurring opinion of Justice Jackson in D'Oench, Duhme & Co. v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., 315 U.S. 447, 471, 62 S. Ct. 676, 686, 86 L. Ed. 956 (1942), that:
A federal court sitting in a non-diversity case such as this does not sit as a local tribunal. In some Cases it may see fit for special reasons to give the law of a particular state highly persuasive or even controlling effect, But in the last analysis its decision turns upon the law of the United States, not that of any state. (emphasis added).
Although we are not bound to follow the Pennsylvania law, neither should we ignore Pennsylvania's public policy giving newspaper reporters protection from divulging their sources. Pennsylvania regards newspapers as "the principal guardians of the general welfare of the Community" who are "in the best sense of the maxim, "pro bono publico'." In re Taylor, 412 Pa. 32, 40, 193 A.2d 181, 185 (1963). Pennsylvania's concern that newspapers be encouraged and protected in their newsgathering and communications functions was expressed by its highest court:
We would be unrealistic if we did not take judicial notice of another matter of wide public knowledge and great importance, namely, that important information, tips and leads will dry up and the public will often be deprived of the knowledge of dereliction of public duty, bribery, corruption, conspiracy and other crimes committed or possibly committed by public officials or by powerful individuals or organizations, unless newsmen are able to Fully and completely protect the sources of their information. It is vitally important that this public shield against governmental inefficiency, corruption and crime be preserved against piercing and erosion.
Id. The interests behind the Pennsylvania statute and the federal common law in this regard are congruent, each stemming from an independent base of authority but both leading to protection of the vital communication role played by the press in a free society.
It is nonetheless no longer open to question that there are countervailing interests which will suffice to transcend the journalist's privilege to refuse to divulge sources. A determination of the specific circumstances in which the privilege will be required to yield to a paramount interest must be made on an Ad hoc basis. Justice Powell, who cast the deciding vote in Branzburg v. Hayes, wrote:
The asserted claim to privilege should be judged on its facts by the striking of a proper balance between freedom of the press and the obligation of all citizens to give relevant testimony with respect to criminal conduct. The Balance of these vital constitutional and societal interests on a case-by-case basis accords with the tried and traditional way of adjudicating such questions. (Emphasis added).
408 U.S. at 710, 92 S. Ct. at 2671. As was noted in Altemose Construction Co. v. Building & Construction Trades Council, 443 F. Supp. at 491, "Such a case-by-case analysis is mandated even more in civil cases than in criminal cases, for in the former the public's interest in casting a protective shroud over the newsmen's sources and information warrants an even greater weight than in the latter." (Higginbotham, J., now Circuit Judge).
When a privilege is grounded in constitutional policy, a "demonstrated, specific need for evidence" must be shown before it can be overcome. United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683, 713, 94 S. Ct. 3090, 41 L. Ed. 2d 1039 (1974). Therefore, we must balance on one hand the policies which give rise to the privilege and their applicability to the facts at hand against the need for the evidence sought to be obtained in the case at hand.
In considering the applicability of the policies of the privilege in this case, we consider first the circumstances in which the issue arose. This is not a case where the reporter witnessed events which are the subject of grand jury investigations into criminal conduct. See e. g., Branzburg v. Hayes, supra. This is not a situation where the reporter is alleged to possess evidence relevant to a criminal investigation. Zurcher v. Stanford Daily, 436 U.S. 547, 98 S. Ct. 1970, 56 L. Ed. 2d 525 (1978). This case does not place in apposition the journalist's privilege and the constitutional right of a criminal defendant to be afforded every reasonable opportunity to develop and uncover exculpatory information. See e. g., New York Times Co. v. Jascalevich, 439 U.S. 1317, 99 S. Ct. 6, 10, 58 L. Ed. 2d 25 (1978) (White J., in chambers). This is not a case where a reporter waived the privilege by filing suit to vindicate his own rights. See, e. g., Anderson v. Nixon, 444 F. Supp. 1195 (D.D.C.1978). Nor is this a situation in which the journalist and/or publisher are defendants in a suit brought for damages caused by publications alleged to have contained knowing or reckless falsehoods. See, e. g., Herbert v. Lando, 441 U.S. 153, 99 S. Ct. 1635, 60 L. Ed. 2d 115 (1979). This is simply a situation where a journalist has been called as a witness to a civil suit in which neither she nor her employer has any personal interest. The news stories were concededly written by her in the course of her newspaper employment on matters of public interest concerning a candidate for high public office in a hotly contested campaign. In fact, plaintiff in the trial court did not claim that the substantive facts alleged in the petitioner's news stories were actually untrue, although it is clear plaintiff would have preferred that they remained unpublicized. Under the circumstances, plaintiff must demonstrate why his interest in civil litigation, although brought to vindicate his significant constitutional right to participate freely and without undue hindrance in a public election, is dependent upon the information sought.
In striking the delicate balance between the assertion of the privilege on the one hand and the interest of either criminal or civil litigants seeking the information the materiality, relevance and necessity of the information sought must be shown. See e. g., New York Times Co. v. Jascalevich, 439 U.S. 1331, 99 S. Ct. 11, 14, 58 L. Ed. 2d 38 (1978) (Marshall, J., in chambers). All courts which have considered this issue have agreed that the federal common law privilege of news writers shall not be breached without a strong showing by those seeking to elicit the information that there is no other source for the information requested. See e. g., Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee Corp., 563 F.2d 433 (10th Cir. 1977); Carey v. Hume, 160 U.S.App.D.C. 365, 492 F.2d 631 (D.C.Cir.), Cert. dismissed, 417 U.S. 938, 94 S. Ct. 2654, 41 L. Ed. 2d 661 (1974); Baker v. F & F Investment, supra; Altemose Construction Co. v. Building & Construction Trades Council, supra; Loadholtz v. Fields, 389 F. Supp. 1299 (M.D.Fla.1975); Apicella v. McNeil Laboratories, Inc., 66 F.R.D. 78 (E.D.N.Y.1975); Democratic National Committee v. McCord, 356 F. Supp. 1394 (D.D.C.1973).
The requisite balance cannot be made without a showing "as to the effort to obtain (the information) from other sources." Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee Corp., 563 F.2d at 438. The party seeking the information must show "that his only practical access to crucial information necessary for the development of the case is through the newsman's sources." Gilbert v. Allied Chemical Corp., 411 F. Supp. at 510. Plaintiffs must show that they exhausted other means of obtaining the information. Zerilli v. Bell, 458 F. Supp. at 29. The material sought must "provide a source of crucial information going to the heart of the (claim). . . . " Gulliver's Periodicals, Ltd. v. Charles Levy Circulating Co., 455 F. Supp. at 1204.
The trial court recognized that it had an obligation to take these factors into account. In adjudicating Ms. Oliver to be in civil contempt, the judge stated that he had considered "the nature of the case, the relevance and materiality of the information sought to be adduced; whether the information sought goes to the heart of and is crucial to the claims made by the party seeking to elicit the information and the issues framed by the pleading; and the availability of the information from other sources." With respect to the "availability of the information from other sources", the trial court merely noted that "the information sought, namely the identity of the persons who gave out the allegedly false and inaccurate information, is extremely crucial to the claims made by the plaintiff and the issues framed by the pleading, I. e., whether the defendants have acted deliberately to harass the plaintiff in his quest for public office; and I have considered from the testimony thus presented that the information appears not to be available from other sources." Riley v. City of Chester, No. 79-3783 (E.D.Pa. Oct. 29, 1979) (Memorandum).
The trial court's findings contain only a general assertion of necessity. The conclusory statements fall far short of the type of specific findings of necessity which may overcome the privilege.
A review of the record shows a number of reasons why the trial court's conclusions of necessity, even if they were considered findings of fact, are clearly erroneous. At the time appellant was adjudged to be in contempt, no witness had testified other than the plaintiff. The court had not yet had the opportunity to hear the testimony of defendant Battle and that of the other reporters; no inquiry had been made into the identity of other persons who had access to plaintiff's personnel file and who may have been the source of the "leak" of information; and no attempt was made to elicit testimony from the other defendant, John Owens, Chief of Police of the City of Chester, who clearly would have been someone with access to the personnel file. Quixotically, plaintiff's counsel who questioned Mayor Battle in detail during the hearing never asked him if he was the source of the information which appeared in appellant's news story. Plaintiff's failure to have taken this most obvious opportunity to elicit the information he claimed to need from appellant is particularly surprising since Mayor Battle, when testifying, candidly admitted that he was the source of much of the information which appeared about plaintiff in various press stories (TR 2-52-53; TR 2-69; TR 2-72), and freely admitted responding to appellant's questions about her news stories (TR 2-72). In fact, Battle admitted speaking to the press about plaintiff's sick leave abuses (TR 2-73, TR 2-76-77), one of the items of information that appeared in appellant's story. Plaintiff's effort to elicit the information from appellant regarding her source should fail on this ground alone, since plaintiff did not exhaust the most patently available other source.
It is important to view the information requested, the source of appellant's news story, in the context of the other testimony in this case. The news story in question refers to five instances of internal investigation, suspension or reprimand of plaintiff Riley during his 13 years on the force. One of those instances was confirmed by a source named in the news story itself. (See paragraph (1) of Ex. P-2-A, note 2 Supra ). Defendant Battle admitted he had leaked similar stories to the press (TR 2-73, 76-77). The other incidents and investigations referred to, such as for failing to report to work, failing to complete a complaint for criminal mischief, nonprofessional behavior and flirting, and being absent from his post for an hour and forty minutes, do not differ in kind or degree from the incidents which appeared in other news stories and which defendant Battle admitted discussing with newsmen, such as Riley's unauthorized coffee breaks taken during work time (TR 2-69, 72). This hardly rises to the standard of need required before a privilege rooted in the First Amendment should be set aside and a journalist sentenced for contempt for adhering to the principles of her profession.
Of most significance, the information sought to be disclosed appears to have only marginal relevance to the plaintiff's case. The suit charges that defendants, in order to hinder and impede plaintiff's efforts to conduct his election campaign, harassed plaintiff by keeping him under surveillance and conducting repeated investigations into his job performance. The news story referred to investigations completed long before the election campaign began. The situation here closely approximates that referred to by Judge Kaufman in Baker v. F & F Investment, 470 F.2d at 784, where he found that appellants had "not demonstrated that the identity of (journalist's) confidential source is necessary, much less critical, to the maintenance of their civil rights action."
Finally, the interests referred to earlier compel us to call for restraint in the judicial imposition of sanctions on the press. Cf. United States v. Steelhammer, 539 F.2d 373, 375 (4th Cir. 1976). Because of the importance to the public of the underlying rights protected by the federal common law news writer's privilege and because of the "fundamental and necessary interdependence of the Court and the press" recently referred to by Justice Brennan,*fn7 trial courts should be cautious to avoid an unnecessary confrontation between the courts and the press. Although there may be cases in which the confrontation is inevitable, this was clearly not one of them.
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Muslim Bashers of Orange County Unite!
Want to start a jihad against jihadis? You'll get your chance this October, when the David Horowitz Freedom Center plans to organize "the biggest conservative campus protest ever" with something called Islamo-Facism Awareness Week in college campuses across America. It didn't surprise us that UC Irvine is amongst the universities that will host the event, due to the campus' wacky Muslims (read Reut Cohen's fascinating blog for more details), but Cal State Fullerton and Santa Ana College? The only radicals there worth targeting are the Aztlanistas that remain in their Chicano Studies departments. More bizarrely, why hasn't Chapman University--the place where every third building is named after an OC GOP bigwig--signed up?
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- Worldwide Rank #8,477,928
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Kadına Dair Herşey Twitter Stats
@01kadinrehberi1 - Tracking Kadına Dair Herşey Twitter profile since February 12, 2016
Kadına dair herşey ❤❤❤ https://t.co/4OePEOfbut Aradığınız herşey ve daha fazlası wep sitemizde arkadaşlar
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@01kadinrehberi1 has posted 153 tweets in the last 4 days, which translates to an average of 38.3 tweets per day.
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@01kadinrehberi1 has 784 followers on Twitter.
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26 vehicles matched;
Now showing page 1 of 2. 25 results per page.
Listed by Barrett-Jackson Auctions (Auction)
This nice Continental is powered by a rebuilt 292ci V12 engine with automatic 3-speed transmission. The red and tan cloth
Listed by Veit's Vettes And Collector Cars
Black exterior with Tan and Burgundy like-new interior. 125hp V12 Flathead engine with 3 speed manual transmission with overdrive. A
Listed by Silverstone Motorcars
What we have here is a 1947 Lincoln
Listed by Mecum Auctions (Auction)
This vehicle is being sold as Lot No. F81. - Believed to be 28,740 miles - 305/130 HP flathead V-12 engine -
Listed by Just Used Cars
This 1947 Lincoln Continental Coupe Comes Equipped With a 337 Lincoln Flathead V8 Engine, 3-Speed Manual Transmission w/Overdrive, Rear Wheel
Listed by Gateway Classic Cars
For sale in our Dallas/Fort Worth showroom is this wonderful 1948 Lincoln Continental. This two owner, unrestored, time capsule of
Listed by Vintage Motor Cars Ohio
The Lincoln Continental was introduced in 1940, just prior to the onset of World War II. The Lincoln Marquee had
Listed by Classic Cars of South Carolina
You are looking at an absolutely gorgeous 1948 Lincoln Continental Cabriolet Convertible that has been upgraded with a 5.0 Ford
Listed by Classic Cars of South Carolina
You are looking at a 1947 Lincoln Mark 1! This is an excellent candidate for a Rat rod. Give me
Listed by Private Seller
High number two condition original interior. Due to Fathers health and Death Car has been in a Climate Controlled Basement
Listed by Legendary Motorcar Company
1947 Lincoln Continental Convertible CCCA Winner for sale The Lincoln Continental was introduced in 1940, just prior to America's entry
Listed by Spoke Motors
Offered here is a 1948 Lincoln V-12 Continental 2-Door Convertible Cabriolet with Overdrive. Excellent V-12 power upgraded with high a volume
Listed by Sierra Classics & Imports
This 1948 LINCOLN Continental Convertible features a 372C.I. CADILLAC V-8 8cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a Automatic transmission.
Listed by MotoeXotica Classic Cars
1948 Lincoln Continental Restomod Coupe Rare Restomod Custom 429 cid V8 engine 400 Turbo Hydra-Matic transmission Limited Slip rear
Listed by Desert Valley Auto Parts
This 48' Linc is a gem! The 12 Cylinder engine runs excellent and gear box shifts perfectly and freshly rebuilt.
Listed by MotoeXotica Classic Cars
1948 Lincoln Continental Restomod Coupe Same Owner Since 1970 in Nevada Rare Restomod Custom Recently rebuilt 351ci Windsor V8 engine
Listed by Hooked On Classics
Updated with a 350 V8 and 350 auto tranny
Listed by Motorcar Portfolio
1948 Lincoln Continental coupe, one of only 847 built. This beautifully and fully restored Full CCCA Classic is ready to
Listed by Private Seller
The Lincoln Continental was introduced in 1940, just prior to the onset of World War II. The Lincoln Marquee had
Listed by Hollywood Motors
1949 Lincoln Continental Club Coupe This is a Very Rare 2 Door Lincoln with a Completely Rebuilt V12 Motor
Listed by Charvet Classic Cars
Serial number H168753. Body number 570. Assembled September 3, 1947 and shipped September 9, 1947 to the Boyle Motor Co.
Listed by Vintage Motor Cars Ohio
1947 Lincoln Continental Convertible
Price: $37,900
VMC Stock ID: 132276
Mileage: 57923
Engine: 292 cubic inch V12
Transmission: 3-speed manual with overdrive
Gear Ratio:
Listed by Private Seller
Selling this beautiful 1948 Lincoln Continental convertible for my Sister in Law. It is in great condition and drives
Listed by Brockers Beautys
Beautifully restored to original! Low Production and 1 of 452 hand Built by Edsel Ford & Co. Completely Stock with
Listed by Veit's Vettes And Collector Cars
V12, White with White vinyl top and Burgundy interior, 3 speed with Columbia overdrive, 20 years with same owner, restored


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This is our 1st post and we are happy to share it with everyone. This is Heatherand she enjoys taking pictures and I look forward to takingmore and sharing them with everyone out there in VW land..We must remain very discreet due to our careers so no face. Sorry, hope you can understand..I sort of like that mystery element to it allanyway. If it makes you feel better her face is absolutely beautiful! We are looking to trade with other women out there. We both love the panty/lingerie teaser type pics best...Leave us a message with your email and we'll get back to you...till next time...
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On-going Training
Innovative and flexible training. Keep up-to-date with our online courses and our podcast series plus much more.
The academic year is now coming to close and with that we have finished all the Oxford Webinars for the year!
Do you get annoyed when people make those common vocabulary and spelling mistakes? You know; it's instead of its or R U in place of are you…. We feel your pain!
Oxford Professional Development is proud to announce a brand new project in the form of Oxford Podcasts.
Silvia Sanz Sanz
As dynamic as always. A pleasure to hear you again. Hoping to see you again in another webinar!!
Continue doing webinars – I love them!!!!!!!! (Webinars)
Anna Gené
Thanks to you for such a useful webinar! It was my first webinar, but I'll repeat for sure! (Webinars)
Vicenta Roig
Thanks a lot for sharing these activities and also for your passion explaining them. Bye and see you next time. Goodbye to everybody! (Webinars)
María Àngels Barril Trepat
I really enjoy my job and with the web book it is easy to motivate students to work. (Online Courses)
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I have recently started using the Oxford iPacks, and quickly got hooked on them. Now I am looking forward to making the most of them.(Online Courses)
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I usually use the iPack of English Plus in class and my pupils like it. It's a useful tool but I need more training on new things so I hope this online course helps me to learn more about digital materials. (Online Courses)


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Welcome to the Must Reads! We update this page regularly with only the best content on the site. Enjoy!
Ask Q: SourceCon discussion on Undocumented Hacks for Your Favorite Sourcing Tools
We all have access to the same recruiting and sourcing tools. However, being able to extract the right information from each of those tools is what separates top-tier sourcers from masses. In this session, Eric will teach you 10 undocumented "hacks" for some of the most commonly used sourcing and recruiting tools. He has learned these techniques – many of which the actual recruiting tool being used doesn't even know about – through trial and error, and experimentation. Expect to see tricks in all of your favorite job boards and some of the top social networks available. If you teach these tips to the rest of your team when you return to the office, you manager will surely send you back to SourceCon next year. Eric Jaquith is one of the more technical members of the sourcing community and had a hand in the very first SourceCon After Dark events.
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This spacious and comfortable area was designed to maximise the experience of tasting and selecting of products, as well as providing a link to the winery visits. The furniture was designed exclusively for this space using Portuguese materials, with a preference for those available locally. The two outdoor terraces are ideal for mild days.
In the shop, you can buy exclusive Esporão products and have access to rare vintages from Herdade do Esporão and Quinta dos Murças, which can only be bought here.


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Bloomington, IN
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To help you find the most relevant jobs, we've come up with an approximate compensation for this position. This is based on similar jobs with compensation posted.


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Cowley College Film Club
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text: Recent changes to 8: Apache2.2 Adaptor Bughttps://sourceforge.net/p/wonder/bugs/8/2007-03-28T04:40:32ZApache2.2 Adaptor Bug2007-03-28T04:40:32Z2007-03-28T04:40:32ZAnonymoushttps://sourceforge.net/u/userid-None/https://sourceforge.net11ff543b85eac79d81954c81997853261435648eThe current Adaptor Apache2.2 won't work, refusing to handle requests offered to it. This is due to line 676 and 708 in /Wonder/Adaptors/Apache2.2/mod\_WebObjects.c 676: r->handler = \(char \*\)apr\_pstrdup\(r->pool, WEBOBJECTS\); 708: if \(NULL == r->handler || strcmp\(r->handler, WEBOBJECTS\) \!= 0\) \{ The WEBOBJECTS macro has capital letters in it. The APR library with Apache 2.2 converts the string to all lower case. So on line 708 the comaprison fails between an all lower case string and one not. The module then declines to handle the request. email@example.com


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Men's Under Armour Heatgear Armour 3/4 Compression LeggingItem #04869
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This encyclopedia is the most comprehensive guide available to international product design of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It includes 350 entries on influential designers and studios and the most important design-led manufacturers worldwide, both past and present, from Frank Lloyd Wright, Raymond Loewy and Philippe Starck to Apple, Ikea and BMW. The products featured range from classic cars, furniture and ceramics to the latest MP3 players. Each entry includes an informative profile, a biography or company history, and a product chronology, and is accompanied by colour photographs.James Dyson England I Entrepreneur and product designer I www.dyson.com The inventor and entrepreneur James Dyson is ... 121) 1998 DC03 and DCOS vacuum cleaners 1999 DC04 vacuum cleaner and DC06 robot vacuum cleaneranbsp;...
|The A-Z of Modern Design
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|Merrell Pub Limited - 2009-10-01


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While vs Whilst?
This question has been answered · 98 replies
Approved answer (verified by Ruslana)
Approved answer (verified by Ruslana)
If you stick to 'while' you won't ever be wrong, whereas 'whilst' can easily look out of place.
Now that SOMEONE has finally replied to this thread, I can show off a bit of arcana
While and whilst are more or less interchangeable when the meaning is although or whereas. For example: Whilst many people agree that SUVs are hazardous on the roads, little or no effort has been made to limit their use. One could easily substitute "Although..." or "Whereas..." for Whilst and the meaning would be the same.
However, whilst also means "when" and is considered more formal and probably even archaic. I do see it in older (including 20th c.) novels, though, and I think this meaning should be known and understood by english speakers. For example: I saw him while I was waiting for a train. OR I saw him whilst I was waiting for a train.
I personally think it sounds best when you drop the "I was" or "they were" etc. off, but I don't think that's got anything to do with the -st.
"Amongst" and "among" both seem to occur in American English however. Whilst "whilst" seems very King James.
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Chocolate Turtle Brownie Sundaes
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Chocolate Molten Lava Cakes
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The Simple, Sweet Life
boiling water, dark chocolate, eggs, vegetable oil, granulated sugar and 15 more
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Cooking Classy
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The Ultimate Gooey Caramel Brownie Mug Cake Sundae
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text:
Blue Ridge Mountain Retreat
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews Blue Ridge Mountain Retreat Kaslo
Travel Blogs from Kaslo
Amazing scenery and more sightings :-)
... two black bears. We parked up behind their truck as the bears were on the road and didn't have safe access to run to due to their position on the road - steep cliffs on both sides. Paul didn't want to stress them which could lead them to run and make an unsafe access so we waited until they moved up the road to safety. We then went down to Howson Falls - an absolutely stunning waterfall. Over the years it has eroded ...
Lucky, lucky and more lucky!
... The drive back to the ranch was just an excited chatter about the 6 sightings of the day - then as the drive progressed everyone starting feeling jaded as it had been a long hot day, so arrival back followed by shower and refreshments was very welcoming.
Dinner was (sorry to repeat) another amazing meal. Quite incredible the quality fo the meals that we are having here - in the middle of nowhere. ...
Now for some Bear watching
... to get up to the Ranch. So, it was off again and heading North on HY3 and later onto the 31 as we neared Meadow Creek. At this point the 'Highway' became little more than a gravel road - prompting a reminder for me to look at my car insurance documents to check if 'off-roading' is covered.
Then we came upon it - Grizzly Bear Ranch - set in beautiful surroundings. Julius was ...
Days 41 to 44 - Grizzly Bear Ranch, BC
Four lovely days spent at Grizzly Bear Ranch in the middle of the Canadian wilderness. Its owned by Julius, a former British war correspondent and his wife Kristen, an Estonian journalist. The ranch was gorgeous - they only take 8 people at a time and the 4 cabins are beautiful. You spend each day with a sunrise drive to look for grizzlies along their river, then a morning activity like a hike, then an afternoon activity like white water rafting and then ...
Day 40 - Kaslo - Back to driving
... British Columbia. Canada is massive! Also discovered that the Canadians drive as slowly as the Americans. We have a night in a hotel before we get picked up tomorrow morning and taken to Grizzly Bear Ranch for 3 nights. The hotel was already included as part of the package and we didn't know what to expect but it's gorgeous and ...