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Note: Sample below may appear distorted but all corresponding word document files contain proper formattingExcerpt from Essay:
Iacobucci and Triantis clarify that any type of corporation with legal personhood qualifies to issue debt as long as it can own property, enter contracts and be sued.
Corporates can be issued in bearer form, where the holder of the actual certificate is required to update information periodically with the trustee or issuer, or as "registry" bonds, with the owner named but which carry no material coupons. "Book entry" bonds reside in a central securities depository and are registered with the broker, who then assigns interest to the owner's brokerage account. Corporate bonds can be unsecured "debentures," or backed by specific assets identified in the indenture. First-mortgage bonds are backed by lien against real estate owned by the debt-incurring firm; collateral trust issues are backed by other financial assets owned by the corporation, and "Equipment Trust Certificates" are tied to large real assets other than real estate. All these types of security provide collateral against bankruptcy which is paid before equity issues are reimbursed unless otherwise specified, in which case the bond is called "subordinated." If a third party or parties back the debt, the result is a "guaranteed" bond, where the bond guarantors stand liable for principal repayment in the event of bankruptcy.
Works Cited
Alpreda, R. (2008). Cost Of Capital Adjusted For Governance Risk Through A Multiplicative
Model Of Expected Returns. University Of Cema Center for the Study of Public and Private Governance, Working Paper Series, number 383.Academic Search Complete papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1305220 (accessed Jan. 5, 2012).
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. (2012). Individual Bonds.
http://apps.finra.org/investor_information/smart/bonds/306000.asp (accessed Jan. 5, 2012)
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. (2012). Bond Maturity. Bond Basics.
http://apps.finra.org/investor_Information/smart/bonds/102000.asp (accessed Jan. 5, 2012).
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. (2012). Floating Rate Bonds. Bond Basics.
http://apps.finra.org/investor_Information/smart/bonds/103300.asp (accessed Jan. 5, 2012).
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. (2012). Corporate Bonds. Individual Bonds.
http://apps.finra.org/investor_information/smart/bonds/306000.asp (accessed Jan. 5, 2012).
Franc-Dabrowska, J. (2007). Does Dividend Policy Follow the Capital Structure Theory?
Managing Global Transitions 7, no. 4: 367 -- 382 (2007). Academic Search Complete www.fm-kp.si/zalozba/ISSN/1581-6311/7_367-382.pdf (accessed Jan. 5, 2012).
Iacobucci, E. And Triantis, G. (2007). Economic And Legal Boundaries Of Firms. Virginia Law Review 93 Va. L. Rev. 515-570. www.virginialawreview.org/content/pdfs/93/515.pdf (accessed Jan. 5, 2012).
Investopedia. (2011). Bond Basics: Different Types of Bonds. Investopedia ULC (2011).
http://www.investopedia.com/university/bonds/bonds4.asp#ixzz1iiAcERxi (accessed Jan. 5, 2012).
Kwan, S. (2009). Capital Structure in Banking, FRBSF Economic Letter 2009-37 (7 Dec.
2009). http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2009/el2009-37.html (accessed Jan. 5, 2012).
1. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), "Individual Bonds" (2012). http://apps.finra.org/investor_information/smart/bonds/306000.asp
2. Ibid.
3. Investopedia, "Bond Basics: Different Types of Bonds." Investopedia ULC (2011).
4. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), "Individual Bonds" (2012). http://apps.finra.org/investor_information/smart/bonds/306000.asp
5. FINRA, "Bond Maturity," DATE, http://apps.finra.org/investor_Information/smart/bonds/102000.asp
6. FINRA, "Floating Rate Bonds," DATE, http://apps.finra.org/investor_Information/smart/bonds/103300.asp
7. Iacobucci and Triantis provide an extended discussion of the legal ramifications underlying the decision between debt and equity for borrower / originator (firm) and creditor / owner. Edward Iacobucci and George Triantis, "Economic And Legal Boundaries Of Firms," Virginia Law Review 93 Va. L. Rev. 515-570.
8. FINRA, "Corporate Bonds," Individual Bonds (2012)
9. Justyna Franc-Dabrowska, "Does Dividend Policy Follow the Capital Structure Theory?," Managing Global Transitions 7, no. 4: 367 -- 382, p. 368. Rodolfo Apreda sets out the historical development of the theory of capital structure from Modigliani and Miller in 1958 to his own proposed adjustment for legal risk in a particularly clear and succinct presentation in "Cost Of Capital Adjusted For Governance Risk Through A Multiplicative Model Of Expected Returns," University Of Cema Center for the Study of Public and Private Governance, Working Paper Series, November 2008, number 383. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1305220. The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (Simon Kwan, "Capital Structure in Banking," FRBSF Economic Letter 2009-37 (7 Dec. 2009) clarifies that evaluation methodologies continue to evolve and there may be conflicting decision thresholds under simultaneous but varying evaluation schema.
10. Iacobucci and Triantis (2007), ibid.[continue]
"Bonds That Corporations Can Issue" (2012, January 07) Retrieved December 10, 2016, from http://www.paperdue.com/essay/bonds-that-corporations-can-issue-48761
"Bonds That Corporations Can Issue" 07 January 2012. Web.10 December. 2016. <http://www.paperdue.com/essay/bonds-that-corporations-can-issue-48761>
"Bonds That Corporations Can Issue", 07 January 2012, Accessed.10 December. 2016, http://www.paperdue.com/essay/bonds-that-corporations-can-issue-48761
Bond-buyers are also traditionally older and might have been more leery about investing in a new technology such as the Internet during the 1990s. The choice of these companies to pay a higher rate of return to compensate for the greater risk would have defeated the purpose of the corporation issuing bonds in the first place, as what makes the issuing of bonds so attractive is that the interest rates
Corporations Law Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) are the first time a privately held company sells its stock to the public. When such corporation needs to raise additional capital, it can either take on debt or sell partial ownership. If the corporation chooses to sell ownership to the public, it engages in an IPO (Initial Public Offerings, 2011, p. 1). Although it is difficult to get on the ground floor of an IPO
Stocks and Bonds References to the terms "stocks" and "bonds" are frequently heard in the mainstream media and throughout the investment literature, but the terms may not be completely understood by the general public. Therefore, making the distinction between the two financial instruments by providing current working definitions and typical examples of stocks and bonds is an important enterprise. To this end, this paper provides a review of the relevant
This creates the largest challenge for a global company like WalMart which has to ensure that it keeps up with changes that are happening in different states and countries. For example the rules for employees in Massachusetts are different from those in New York. This creates challenges for the organization in trying to keep up with compliance to legal standards. Cultural change around the world is also creating challenges for
Finance Question 1.a) Bond ratings encompass a wide range of elements related to the credit risk of the firm. Moody's notes that bond ratings include elements of default probability, loss severity, "financial strength" and "transition risk" (Cantor & Fons, 1999). The authors note that within the same sector, bonds of the same rating tend to be comparable both with respect to overall credit quality and specific credit quality characteristics. Over different
Target Annual Report: Target Corporation that normally operates as Target is a retailing company in the United States with its headquarters in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Target mainly operates through its bullseye trademark and was ranked at position 33 in 2010 on the Fortune 500 Company listing. Since its inception, the Target experience has now grown beyond the walls of its stores as it creates a modern shopping experience to customers through personal,
Corporate Governance in Russia Accountability of Corporations Delivering a financial report in a timely manner is quite important. Financial report becomes stale quickly, so informing while the information is still new and relevant is important. The longer one waits to post financial information, the less significant it is[footnoteRef:1]. Timeliness of financial reporting and channeling is one of the benchmarks the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has began to show the


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Okay, so I'm going to have newborn in April and an 18 month old princess. I really want to get good at breastfeeding in a carrier quickly. Anyone have any tips. I'll most likely be using a ring sling primarily at first. I won't be offended by any pics showing what it should resemble to properly BF in a ring sling (or other carrier).
Come on ladies! I know Jackie isn't the only one who's done this!


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From the outside this home is full of charm, with bay window and covered awning at the entrance to the home. Viewing is recommended on this home which has original features throughout. The downstairs space comprises of entrance hallway leading to living room, dining room and kitchen. Upstairs there are two sizable bedrooms, a single bedroom and a modern family bathroom, with tiled floor and heated towel rail. To the rear there is secure parking in this home ideal for a first time buyer waiting to add their own personal touches.
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uscitiesgirls > Collinsville Girl > Collinsville Girl Classic Thong
Collinsville girl t shirts. Stunning design on t shirts, Men's Long sleeve T-Shirts, Wall Calendars, Men's Polo Shirts, Women's Pink T-Shirts an among of other cool products. Stunning gift idea.
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GOURMET® will do everything to delight your cat and offer her an irresistible taste experience every day.
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Despite a lackadaisical performance against Pac-10 Conference champions UCLA, the Cal Bears mens basketball squad was invited to the field of 64 in the NCAA tournament this afternoon, and was rewarded with a #7 seed against North Carolina State of the ACC conference. Although Cal had been on-again off-again in regards to their potential to join the tourney, a late two-game surge in the Pac-10 conference tournament, combined with their 20 win record, and a third place finish in the overall conference rankings, provided them enough strength to make the tournament, though it's unclear how far they will go in a talented field that would see them playing the winner of Texas/Penn in the second round should they advance. Of course, with Texas being a #2 seed to Penn's #15, you can put good money on Texas coming out ahead there.
Overall, the Pac-10 Conference was awarded four spots in the tournament, with UCLA gaining a #2 seed, the Washington Huskies gaining the #5 seed, and Arizona pulling up with a #8 seed. This year's Cal team reminds me a lot of the 1995-1996 squad when I was a freshman, where one player (Shareef Abdur-Rahim then and Leon Powe now) was a single force that outshone the rest of the team. In that contest, Cal got waxed in the first game, and we can only hope the same doesn't happen again, should the Wolfpack choose to neutralize him.
March 12, 2006
Cal #7 Seed In NCAA Tournament
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As I've discussed many times, finding the right news from your news streams and social streams is an increasingly difficult challenge - ...
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text: Dungeons & Dragons Can Work With Just Two PeopleCecilia D'Anastasio11/14/16 12:00pm5319EditPromoteGo to permalinkThe shadow of last week's devastation hung over this weekend, and to cope, I turned to my favorite tool for escapism: Dungeons & Dragons. On short notice, though, my partner and I didn't have time to gather a whole party. But god damn did we want to play.


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A Lobbyist's View
Mar 5, 2012
Jeremiah M. Murphy is a contract lobbyist from Rapid City (and occasional contributor of pictures to South Dakota Magazine). At the end of this 2012 legislative session, when his lobbying projects were complete, Murphy picked up his camera and made pictures of some of the folks who are involved in the legislative process in Pierre. Legislators, lobbyists, even a Sergeant-at-Arms made their way in front of Murphy's lens. View more of Murphy's photos at Tumblr.
Hope you are doing well, pal. Thanks for sharing your great photos.
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Snyder a team leader for Tucker
CHARLESTON -Tyler Snyder had a determined look right from the tip-off during Tucker County's Class A quarterfinal win over Greater Beckley Christian on Wednesday night.
With a loss, the senior point guard knows his playing days as a Mountain Lions will end, so it didn't take him long to find his shooting touch early against the Crusaders, finishing with 15 of his game-high 22 points in the first half.
"I'm definetly more motivated knowing a loss ends my career," Snyder said. "The seniors on this team know that, too. We have to come out and give it our best because we know a loss and our basketball careers are over in high school."
Snyder is part of a special group of athletes at Tucker County, as the success of the team's football team has carried over to the hardwood.
"We've worked very hard to be successful," said Snyder, who was a standout receiver on Tucker's football team that lost an overtime heartbreaker to Madonna in the state semifinals. "In the past, players didn't want to put the work in during the offseason. Coach (Shane) Eakle has really pushed us to get into the weightroom and get stronger.
"That has really helped us as athletes."
Snyder also has turned to his brother, Logan Snyder, who was an all-stater in both basketball and football during his career at Tucker County, for guidance.
"I guess you can say I've followed in his foot steps," the younger Snyder. "I was able to play with him for two years and that was great.
"I learned a lot from him, including how to be a leader and to step up for your team when the time comes."
Snyder and the rest of his teammates will face Tug Valley at 1 p.m. today in the state semifinals. A win would put the Mountain Lions in position to give veteran coach Tom Gutshall the first state title of his 30-year career.
"Winning a title for coach Gutshall would be great," Snyder said. "Of course it would be great for the team and community as well, but he really deserves one.
"He's been more than a coach to me. He's taught me how to be a man, and has been a great influence in my life."


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Rural Areas
Mayors from big cities are feeling shortchanged by the federal government, which they say is disproportionately handing out stimulus money to small and rural areas.
Los Angeles Times
According to the Pew Research Center, suburban dwellers are the most content with where they live, despite reports that also find that suburbs are not regarded the most ideal places to live.
Pew Research Center


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Jwala Gutta-Ashwini Ponnappa knocked out of Olympics
The Indians, who were distinctly uncoordinated in their opening loss to Japan, gave a better account of themselves in today's match but failed to go for the kill.
Rio Olympics: Jwala Gutta-Ashwini Ponappa lose first match
Indian shuttlers Jwala Gutta and Ashwini Ponnappa lost 15-21, 10-21 against Misaki...
Jwala Gutta justifies Virat's reaction on Anushka trolls
Star shuttler Jwala Gutta has come out in support of Virat Kohli's reaction on Bolly...
Aim is to break into top 10 by year-end: Jwala Gutta
India's top women's doubles pair in badminton, seasoned campaigners Jwala Gutta and Ashwini Ponnappa, are aiming to crack the top 10 in world rankings before the year comes to an end.
Jwala Gutta supports 'give it up' campaign
Ace shuttler Jwala Gutta today lent support to the 'give it up' campaign for relinquishing LPG subsidy.
Finally, Jwala Gutta, Ashwini Ponnappa included in TOP scheme
Besides Jwala and Ashwini, the men's doubles pair of Sumeeth Reddy and Manu Atri, ranked 21st in the world, have also been included in the scheme.
TOP scheme will help in planning our Oly preparation: Jwala Gutta
With the Sports Ministry set to include Jwala Gutta and Ashwini Ponnappa in the TOP scheme, the Hyderabadi shuttler today expressed happiness and said it will motivate them further and help plan their preparation for Rio Olympics.
Jwala Gutta-Ashwini Ponnappa drop a place to World No.12
Jwala Gutta and Ashwini Ponnappa dropped a spot to be ranked No.12 in the latest women's doubles rankings released by the Badminton World Federation.
Jwala Gutta, Ashwini Ponnappa getting all the support, says Pullela Gopichand
After their win at the Canadian Open, Ashwini and Jwala had urged Gopichand to treat all badminton players equally or step down as the national coach.
At least now, government should support us: Jwala Gutta
Jwala insisted that lack of support from the government would make it difficult for the youngsters to take up doubles.
PM Narendra Modi congratulates Jwala Gutta, Ashwini Ponappa for winning title
PM Modi congratulated Indian shuttlers Jwala Gutta and Ashwini Ponnappa for winning the Canada Open women's doubles title, saying that he was proud of them for the wonderful victory.
Jwala Gutta - Ashwini Ponnappa pair wins Canada Open
The third-seeded Indian pair of Jwala Gutta-Ashwini Ponnappa triumphed 21-19 21-16 in the contest which lasted 35 minutes.
Parupalli Kashyap enters Round 2; Ajay, Sindhu, Jwala Gutta-Ashwini Ponnappa lose
Kashyap was handed a win by Takuma Ueda after the Japanese shuttler retired midway at 3-2 in the opening game at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium.
Sports Ministry set to include Jwala Gutta-Ashwini Ponnappa in TOP scheme
The Sports Ministry is set to include shuttlers Jwala Gutta and Ashwini Ponnappa in the Target Olympic Podium (TOP) scheme.
Attri-Reddy in finals of US Open, Praneeth, Jwala Gutta-Ashwini Ponnappa out
Men's singles shuttler B Sai Praneeth, lost to two-time Olympic silver medallist Lee Chong Wei of Malaysian in the semifinals.


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"The Imhoff-Stollwerck Chocolate Museum" Top 5 Page for this destination Imhoff-Stollwerck Chocolate Museum Tip by sabsi
Imhoff-Stollwerck Chocolate Museum, Cologne: 33 reviews and 58 photos
Learn everything about the history and the making of chocolate here. You can watch people make chocolates as well as you can walk through a jungle where cocoa beans grow.
There are a lot of old chocolate vending machines and old TV ads which I liked best. And you can even try a bit of chocolate from the chocolate fountain (which Steve liked best ;)!!!
After having spent a while in the museum with its smell of chocolate a visit to the museum shop is unavoidable of course. Here you will be trapped and you will buy all the chocolates you would never buy in the supermarket ;)
Address: Rheinauhafen 1A, 50678 K�ln Altstadt
Directions: The museum is on an island in the river Rhine. It's just 10 mts walk along the Rhine from the cathedral and the old town (go south).
Website: http://www.schokoladenmuseum.de
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Thread: PHP - MySQL Question?
03-05-2004, 10:57 PM #1WHT Addict
- Join Date
- Jan 2004
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- Texas, United States
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PHP - MySQL Question?
Ok! let me explain my question in a quick - but understandable format.
1. Ok! i'm designing a lead generation site in PHP, so what i'm doing is making a main website that has all the benefits, features etc etc, and then of course the call to action "The Form" which i want to insert all the form data into a MySQL database.
2. Ok! now i'm designing a second website that allows clients to order business leads, in quantities of: 10, 20, 30, 40, lead packages.
3. Ok! now what i want to do is add the number of leads purchased to that clients account in the mysql database automatically. Say for example the client purchases 10 leads so can i program a php script that will automatically add those 10 leads to their account? "Hopefully without doing it manually myself".
Is this possible?? if so could somebody post a suggesstion / article for me?.
Thank you! In Advance
03-05-2004, 10:59 PM #2Web Hosting Master
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This is really just basic PHP and SQL...go read some tutorials at php.net and mysql.com


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Please enter your size
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City Stretch Peplum Tank
- Self: 50% cotton , 43% poly , 7% elastane
Lining: 100% poly
- Dry clean only
- Zippered front pockets
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- Revolve Style No. TIBI-WS275
- Manufacturer Style No. RS2CTS73086
- Modeled in size 2.
- Model Measurements: Height 5'10", Waist 27.5", Bust 33.5", Hips 37"
- Size Guide
American designer Amy Smilovic revamps our closets with brilliant pieces inspired from all over the globe.
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text: Follow the "Freeze First" Rule to Prevent Yourself from Wasting FoodMelanie Pinola1/09/13 8:30amFiled to: FoodKitchenCookingfood wasteHouseholdSaving Money46EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Has this ever happened to you? You make a big pot of soup, stew, or other dish thinking you'll freeze a batch for convenient meals later...only you never get around to freezing it and then you have to toss the batch. The Kitchn recommends a "Freeze first, eat second" rule to solve this problem. Basically, as soon as you've finished cooking the food, set aside the extra portion you want to freeze. Then you no longer have to worry about forgetting to get those meals into the freezer and you can stop wasting so much food in the kitchen. Waste Not: Freeze First, Eat Second | The Kitchn Advertisement Advertisement Photo by Calgary ReviewsGear from Kinja DealsBenQ's Stunning Desk Lamp is Also Incredibly Functional Bestsellers: Amazon Dash ButtonsGet Your Own Personal Coca-Cola Fridge To Put Coca-Cola InReply46 repliesLeave a reply


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How many links can you get every day without a penalty? This is an extremely common and challenging question asked by accomplished content marketing gurus and inexpert neophytes alike. Concerning this, the rest of this article exhaustively discusses the question of the number of links one should build within a given period. Continue reading to discover some three guaranteed tips for building daily natural links without incurring sanctions by Google.
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As you look forward to getting awesome links in the days ahead, never forget the fact that the number doesn't matter that much. The only question is all about how great your links are. A natural link that comes from an authoritative site is more useful and relevant than thousands of penalty-laden zero/bad ones. This is because only relevant links count in the intricate search engine placement process. Poor/bad links are purposeless – they only predispose you to technical fines imposed by the foolproof Google updates
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Medal marks four decades of outstanding service
After serving just six months with the Guyana Police Force, Frank Fernandes migrated to the Greater Toronto Area in 1966 in search of a better life.
Coming from a law enforcement background and possessing a passion for volunteering, Fernandes joined the Toronto Police Service as an auxiliary member 42 years ago.
He was recently presented with an Ontario Auxiliary Police Medal for four decades of outstanding service.
An essential part of policing in the city since 1957, the volunteers contribute nearly 70,000 hours annually to assist the Service in several areas, including community mobilization initiatives, crime prevention programs, special events, parades, searching for missing persons and emergency call-outs.
"I enjoy community service, so this is a natural fit for me," said Fernandes. "Most of my life has revolved around giving. As long as I am well and healthy enough to put on the uniform and volunteer, I will do so."
When he's not in uniform, Fernandes is quite active in the community.
He volunteered with the Bowmanville Fire Department in the late 1970s, served as co-chair of the Scarborough Community Safety Audit Committee, chaired the Blue Knights Toy Ride Committee, co-founded the Motorcycle Ride for the Prevention of Child Abuse, founded the Toronto Police Auxiliary Toy Drive and participated in a canoe race to raise funds for the Addiction Research Foundation.
Fernandes has been a St. John's Ambulance member since 1987 and a Rotarian for almost 25 years. He's also a member of the Ontario Association of Chiefs of Police and patron of the Alliance of Guyanese Canadian Associations.
Fernandes is the recipient of several awards, including the Order of Ontario, the province's Medal for Good Citizenship, the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal and the Consulate General of Guyana Award.


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New gallery in Bermondsey. Exhibitions & Events. For Hire.
Hide Gallery is on Leathermarket Street, a few minutes walk from the busy restaurants, shops and White Cube Gallery on Bermondsey Street. Offering 1600 sq ft over 2 floors, with the benefit of natural light streaming in through large factory windows, Hide Gallery can be hired for exhibitions, workshops, talks, classes, or events. The exhibition spaces can be booked together or separately.
An emerging gallery, Hide promotes the work of emergent artists, curating 4 exhibitions per year.


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BioMahalia Jackson is viewed by many as the pinnacle of gospel music. Her singing began at the age of four in her church, the Plymouth Rock Baptist Church in New Orleans. Her early style blended the freedom and power of gospel with the stricter style of the Baptist Church. As a teenager, through her cousin's aid, she was influenced by such famous singers as Bessie Smith, Ida Cox, Enrico Caruso and Ma Rainey, and her own style began to emerge into a more soulful expression.
In 1927, at the age of 16, she moved to Chicago and found work as a domestic. But soon after, she found plenty of work as a soloist at churches and funerals after joining the Greater Salem Baptist Church choir. Her unique contralto voice caught the attention of many small churches from coast to coast. Larger, more formal churches frowned upon her energetic renditions of songs. After performing with the Prince Johnson Singers, she began recording for Decca Records in 1937. When the records did not sell as well as expected, she became a beautician. However, after five years of touring with composer Thomas A. Dorsey at gospel tents and churches, Mahalia's popularity and success garnered her another record contract, this time with Apollo Records, from 1946 to 1954. She then switched to Columbia Records, from 1954 to 1967, where she attained broad recognition as a spiritual singer.
Throughout the 1950s, Mahalia's voice was heard on radio, television and concert halls around the world. Her shows were packed in Europe, and her audience very enthusiastic at the 1957 Newport Jazz Festival, at a special all-gospel program she requested. In 1954, she began hosting her own Sunday night radio show for CBS. She performed on the Ed Sullivan show in 1956 where she catapulted gospel music into America's mainstream. She sang for President Dwight Eisenhower and at John F. Kennedy's inaugural ball in 1960.
From the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott until her death, Mahalia was very prominent in the Civil Rights Movement. Very close with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., she often performed at his rallies--even singing an old slave spiritual before his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington in 1963. She also sang at his funeral five years later.
Despite her doctors ordering her to slow down, Mahalia refused and collapsed while on tour in Munich in 1971. She died of heart failure on January 27, 1972, at her home in Evergreen Park, Illinois.


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Hiring Service Desk Engineer ( 0 - 1 yrs)
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Grainne's Pagan Resources
Celtic Pagan resources and general Pagan resources ~ Also home of the Witches of the WebCommunity ~ All are welcome here....
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What is believed to be the first fully integrated two-dimensional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imaging array for laser Doppler blood flow imaging is demonstrated. The sensor has pixels and includes both analog and digital on-chip processing electronics. This offers several potential advantages over commercial sensors as the processing is tailored to the signals of interest and the data bottleneck that exists between the sensor and processing electronics is overcome. To obtain a space efficient design over pixels means that standard processing electronics used off-chip cannot be implemented. Images of both simulated blood flow responses and a blood flow occlusion test demonstrate the capability.
© 2012 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article
Related Articles
Jen-Ming Wu, Charles B. Kuznia, Bogdan Hoanca, Chih-Hao Chen, and Alexander A. Sawchuk
Appl. Opt. 38(11) 2270-2281 (1999)
Alexander Serov, Wiendelt Steenbergen, and Frits de Mul
Opt. Lett. 27(5) 300-302 (2002)
Victor X.D. Yang, Maggie L. Gordon, Bing Qi, Julius Pekar, Stuart Lo, Emily Seng-Yue, Alvin Mok, Brian C. Wilson, and I. Alex Vitkin
Opt. Express 11(7) 794-809 (2003)


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Coloring Book ColorCure v1.3.1 (Unlocked)
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Avesco Group Plc's (AVS) "Corporate" Rating Reaffirmed at FinnCap
Avesco Group Plc (LON:AVS)'s stock had its "corporate" rating restated by FinnCap in a research report issued to clients and investors on Monday.
Shares of Avesco Group Plc (LON:AVS) opened at 315.00 on Monday. The firm's 50-day moving average price is GBX 264.81 and its 200 day moving average price is GBX 225.83. Avesco Group Plc has a 1-year low of GBX 195.00 and a 1-year high of GBX 317.94. The stock's market cap is GBX 60.09 million.
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Arc'teryx Phase AR Bottom Features:
The Phase AR Bottom from Arc'teryx is a mid-weight, multi-purpose baselayer pant for use in cooler temperatures. The Phasic fabric offers exceptional moisture management and temperature regulation whilst the odour resistant treatment means that you can wear these bottoms for consecutive days. The Arc'teryx Phase AR Bottom is ideal for snow sports, mountaineering and general cold weather sports.


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Capistrano Beach offers visitors an array of perfect accommodation possibilities to select from. Find an impressive 33 accommodation options within 6 miles (10 kilometers) of Capistrano Beach's downtown precinct.
Looking for the ideal place to stay in the central hub of Capistrano Beach has never been easier. Our comprehensive visitor guide lists the Riviera Beach & Shores Resorts by Diamond Resorts and Best Western Plus Dana Point Inn-by-the-sea, which are located within a distance of 0.6 miles (1 kilometer) of the downtown area.
The Best Western Capistrano Inn is 3 miles (5 kilometers) away from the main part of Capistrano Beach. Another accommodation option is the Laguna Cliffs Marriott Resort and Spa, which is 1 mile (2 kilometers) away. Two other hotel and apartment options worth checking out around Capistrano Beach are the Residence Inn by Marriott Dana Point San Juan Capistrano as well as the Dana Point Marina Inn.
2 miles (3 kilometers) away from Capistrano Beach, you can find Dana Point, where visitors can enjoy Doheny State Beach, Dana Point Harbor and Nature Interpretive Center. Travelocity-listed Dana Point rooms include the Ritz-Carlton, Laguna Niguel and Best Western Plus Marina Shores Hotel. Or, you could stay the night in [name of second nearby city or town (sibling)], 3 miles (5 kilometers) to the southeast of Capistrano Beach, where you'll find the BEST WESTERN PLUS Casablanca Inn and Holiday Inn Express San Clemente. The Trestles Beach, San Clemente Pier and San Clemente State Beach are a couple of the more frequented points of interest to visit when you're in [name of second nearby city or town (sibling)].
Find Laguna - South Beaches, 9 miles (15 kilometers) from Capistrano Beach. While you are there, be sure to check out the Crystal Cove State Park, Sawdust Art Festival Grounds and Laguna College of Art and Design. The Heisler Park and Laguna Art Museum are also worth a stop at. Crescent Bay Inn and The Tides Laguna Beach are a few of the Travelocity places to kick your feet up in Laguna - South Beaches.
If you are into sports and enjoy attending local matches be sure to make a trip to Rose Bowl, located 55 miles (91 kilometers) to the northwest of Capistrano Beach. Stay right by the sporting action at the Courtyard by Marriott Old Pasadena or the Westin Pasadena.
John Wayne Airport is the most-frequented airport and can be found 19 miles (30 kilometers) from Capistrano Beach's central precinct. Accommodation options nearby include Best Western Plus Orange County Airport North and Courtyard by Marriott Santa Ana Orange County.


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Lundqvist - Two Weak Games, Bounce Back Buddy
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Originally Posted by
He is the best goaltender in the world, so I guess the criticism comes with the territory. But I'm not going to expect Henrik to put up shutouts and 1 GA games while facing screens and one timers every night.
Goal 1: Screened by Girardi, who is also on an island because the forwards couldn't handle basic d-zone coverage. Best goalie in the world is probably annoyed that his 5 hole was open though.
Goal 2: He's battling a screen shot so he's already at a disadvantage, which is deflected straight to some wide open Bruin who gets it off the ice with one touch before Hank could react. It's most worth noting that this time the forwards are well positioned, deep in the zone, allowing Krug to walk the blue line to get a better shooting angle and giving the Bruins at the net plenty of time to get in front of his line of sight. Nice strategy coach.
Goal 3: Perfect screen. No goalie sees it, no goalie stops it. If you think otherwise, get a hold of the behind the net camera, slow it down and witness the coincidence of perfect timing between the shot being taken and the Bruin as well as the Rangers defenceman getting right in front of his sight line. Again, consider that Callahan failed to pass his man onto the defence and left the trailer (goalscorer) wide open.
Goal 4: The best goalie in the world wants that one back, but we're considering a cross crease pass in the paint; that's not to mention that both defencemen were humiliated.
Goal 5: Just a stupid garbage goal. As if Hank deserved anymore stupid bounces tonight.
There are going to be nights when even an elite goalie doesn't pull off miracles and every bit of fortune goes against him. For elite teams, those are the nights where they put up 4 goals themselves and win it in overtime if they have to.
That fourth goal was a backbreaker, and should be stopped a majority of the time. The pass came from a distance and the puck hit the middle of the net along the ice. He was slow getting across and had his weight too far back, not getting his leg pad and stick down on the ice. Blame the defense all you want but both Lundqvist and Rask made several more difficult saves than that.
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- Product Details
Not only is our Personalised Mr and Mrs Wooden Spoon a fabulously practical gift for your newlyweds. But it is also a traditional good luck charm too.
Historically it has been identified that giving a wooden spoon to a married couple not only brings them luck in the kitchen but in every room of the house! And with a personalised wooden spoon as special as ours, the luck must be running all the way through it!
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Wooden Spoon measures approx. H:30cm, W:6cm, D:1.5cm.
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We are aware of how important it is for you to receive your gifts in time. Therefore, once you place your order we will process straight away and dispatch as soon as they are ready to go. We usually dispatch all items within 1-3 days however, this may be a little longer during special occasions such as Christmas. If multiple items ordered, we may dispatch items separately or all together, depending on the process.
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We're sure that you will be satisfied with your purchase and we also understand that sometimes you may want to return. We keep this process simple! Just contact us if you wish to return goods. Please note: personalised, made-to-order and perishable items are non-refundable.
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840 Park Street, Kentville, NS B4N 3X9
+ taxes & licensing
This Highlander is a rare item on our lot. This vehicle comes with a full suite of options including leather, 4WD, and a sunroof. With only 110,000km on the odometer this Highlander has many miles of motoring to provide to its new owner. Call or visit us today and get your chance to view this great unit before it's gone, at Kentville Toyota. (902)-678-6000 or www.KentvilleToyota.com
Please contact the seller to confirm pricing, features, odometer, and availability of this vehicle.
See the Carpages.ca Terms & Conditions for more details.


text: Function + Art (CLOSED) Art Downtown Add review 0 Love It Save it 0 Add review 0 Love It Save it Details Users say Details Venue name: Function + Art (CLOSED) Contact: Visit Website Call Venue Address: 1046 W Fulton Market Chicago Cross street: between Aberdeen and Carpenter Sts Transport: El stop: Green to Clinton. Bus: 8, 20, 56, 65. Do you own this business? Users say Share Tweet


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a year of MMT
We hope this New Year finds you well and happy! 2013 was an amazing year for Meow Meow Tweet, and we thank you for contributing to that. 2014 brings some exciting new things that will be unveiled in the coming months, stay tuned or join or mailing list for more on that!
In the interest of transparency, we'd like to share the following.
In 2013 our ingredients costs and overhead went up significantly as a result of our growth and changes in the raw material marketplace. As a result, we must raise our prices to accurately reflect the cost of our production. As you know, we are committed to crafting each of our products by hand in Brooklyn (our home), sourcing as many US materials as possible, and using 100% natural, primarily certified organic ingredients. For these reasons, our price points are higher than brands (large and small) that make compromises, but you'll see that our prices still remain competitive with those who are producing and setting a new standard for quality and ethical products.
The most noticeable change in pricing is with our bar soap. Each bar is now $10. We still offer a discount if you buy three bars AND we are now offering free domestic shipping on orders of $25 or more.
We can't say enough thank you's for your continued support! We seriously have the best customers ever!
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This unusual NHL season is already one third of the way over, with roughly two more months for teams to grind through the lockout-condensed schedule. With so many games packed into the winter, unpredictable developments were, well, predictable. »Read Full Article
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filed: July 25, 1988.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIAv.EDMUND BAILEY, APPELLANT
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, June 22, 1987, Court of Common Pleas, Criminal Division, Delaware County, No. 2954-86
John D. Fognano, Philadelphia, for appellant.
Sandra L. Elias, Deputy District Attorney, Media, for Com., appellee.
Cavanaugh, Wieand and Del Sole, JJ. Del Sole, J., concurs in the result.
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 293]
This is an appeal from a judgment of sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County, sentencing the appellant to an eighteen (18) month to five (5) year term of incarceration following his conviction on the charge of possession with intent to deliver or manufacture a controlled substance and a six (6) to twelve (12) month term of incarceration on the charge of delivery of, possession with intent to deliver, or manufacture with the intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia.*fn1 We affirm.
The facts as developed at trial are as follows. On May 22, 1986, State Trooper James D. Caccimelio observed the appellant operating a blue Chevrolet sedan on Interstate 95. The officer testified that he clocked the appellant travelling at a rate of 79 mph in the 55 mph zone; accordingly, he stopped the vehicle and asked for the appellant's driver's license and registration. When the appellant was unable to provide the foregoing documentation, Officer Caccimelio requested additional identification, whereupon the appellant removed a clear plastic bag containing a smaller bag filled with a white substances from the right breast pocket of his shirt. The officer testified that he "suspected it was a controlled substance of some sort." (N.T. 12/1/86 at p. 14.) He thereafter demanded to see the bag which the appellant had by that time returned to his pocket. In response to the trooper's request, the appellant produced a white opaque
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 294]
envelope from the same pocket but, not satisfied, Officer Caccimelio reached into the pocket himself and retrieved the clear plastic bag he had previously observed. He described the bag in the following manner at trial:
It was a small plastic bag containing a white substance inside. Now within the -- within that small plastic bag was a smaller plastic bag probably one by two inches. And it had a substance inside of that.
(N.T. 12/1/86 at p. 16.)
Suspecting that the substance was methamphetamine, Officer Caccimelio directed the appellant to step out of the vehicle. He then led him to the rear of said vehicle, applied handcuffs and reached into the appellant's right front pants pocket; this search revealed an additional plastic bag containing a white substance. Miranda warnings were subsequently administered, whereupon Officer Caccimelio placed the appellant in his vehicle and proceeded to conduct a search of the Chevrolet sedan. He testified that during the course of this search, he detected a "chemical-type smell."*fn2 After obtaining the keys from the appellant, the trooper opened the trunk of the Chevrolet sedan and found the following items:
(N.T. 12/1/86 at p. 33.)
The contents of the trunk were admitted into evidence at the jury trial, which commenced on December 2, 1986.*fn3 Verdicts of guilty as to all charges were rendered on December 3, 1986. Subsequent to the denial of Post-Trial
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 295]
motions, sentence was imposed on June 22, 1987. This is an appeal from the judgment of sentence.
The following issues have been raised on appeal:
Was it in error for the trial court to permit the introduction into evidence of items seized from the defendant's locked trunk as a result of a warrantless search, absent the police officer's independent probable cause to believe that contraband or the fruits of a crime can be found within the car's locked trunk?
Was it error for the trial court to permit the introduction into evidence of items seized from defendant's locked trunk as being incident to a lawful arrest?
After a thorough review of the record and controlling authority, we affirm.
In United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798, 102 S.Ct. 2157, 72 L.Ed.2d 572 (1982), the Supreme Court of the United States held that, "If probable cause justifies the search of a lawfully stopped vehicle, it justifies the search of every part of the vehicle and its contents that may conceal the object of the search." Id. at 825, 102 S.Ct. at 2173, 72 L.Ed.2d at 594. The Ross court was presented with a situation in which police had probable cause to conduct a warrantless search of a vehicle. A search of the trunk compartment yielded a closed paper bag which, when opened, revealed glassine bags containing a substance later determined to be heroin. An additional search disclosed a zippered red leather pouch containing currency. The driver of the vehicle was charged with violating 21 U.S.C. § 841(a) [21 USCS § 841(a)], and the contents of both the paper bag and the pouch were submitted into evidence at trial. The defendant was convicted, but the conviction was reversed on appeal on the grounds that the warrantless search of the containers found within the trunk was invalid.*fn4 The Supreme Court reversed the lower court's ruling and held that the search
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 296]
was permissible. Justice Stevens, writing for the majority, examined a line of cases dealing with the automobile exception to the warrant requirement, and concluded that:
The scope of a warrantless search of an automobile thus is not defined by the nature of the container in which the contraband is secreted. Rather, it is defined by the object of the search and the places in which there is probable cause to believe that it may be found.
456 U.S. at 824, 102 S.Ct. at 2172, 72 L.Ed.2d at 593 (emphasis added).
It follows from the foregoing that if a police officer possesses probable cause to search a motor vehicle, he may then conduct a search of the trunk compartment without seeking to obtain probable cause relative to the particularized area.
Appellant herein challenges the applicability of Ross to the case sub judice. He cites Commonwealth v. Long, 489 Pa. 369, 414 A.2d 113 (1980)*fn5 in support of the proposition that, before a warrantless search is authorized, there must be "independent probable cause to believe that contraband or the fruits of a crime can be found within the car's locked trunk." (Appellant's Brief at 9). In Long, a case decided two years before Ross, our Supreme Court held that, "In reviewing the validity of a warrantless automobile search it must be recognized that the open areas of the car differ from the locked trunk, where the owner of the vehicle manifests a greater expectation of privacy." Id., 489 Pa. at 375, 414 A.2d at 116. The decision in Long was based in part upon a suggestion in United States v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1, 97 S.Ct. 2476, 53 L.Ed.2d 538 (1976) that the diminished expectation of privacy normally attributable to motor vehicles does not apply to those areas "in which the owner has justifiably manifested a greater expectation of privacy." Id. 489 Pa. at 376, 414 A.2d at 116. However, both Long and Chadwick predate the ruling in Ross. Moreover, the
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 297]
searches and seizures of this nature in Pennsylvania. We specifically recognize that we cannot and ought not overrule Long. However, it is obvious to us that, while not explicitly reversing the ruling, our Supreme Court has recognized the validity of the Ross rationale and has implicitly adopted it for application in this Commonwealth.
Applying this standard to the facts at bar, it is clear that Officer Caccimelio had probable cause to search the trunk of the appellant's vehicle. The appellant was initially stopped for a traffic violation. The validity of this stop is not at issue. Officer Caccimelio first noticed what he suspected to be methamphetamine when the appellant removed a bag containing a white substance from his shirt pocket. He also detected a "chemical-type smell" during the course of his conversation with the appellant. This eventally led to a search of the Chevrolet sedan, during the course of which the trooper detected a "chemical-type smell." Based upon these observations, Officer Caccimelio searched the trunk of the appellant's car and uncovered the paraphernalia described above.
Under examination by the prosecution, the trooper testified with respect to his background and his competency in identifying narcotics. He had been a police officer in State College prior to joining the State Police force, a position which required twelve weeks of training at the State Police Academy in Hershey. Part of this training included some classroom experience with narcotics. As Officer Caccimelio stated, "There were several days devoted to training with controlled substances." (N.T. 12/1/86 at p. 30). During these sessions, the trooper was instructed in the identification of various controlled substances. He testified that methamphetamine could be a powdery or chunky substance and that, while it could be white, it did not necessarily have to be that color. He further testified that, while he did not believe that he was shown any examples of the substance, he was instructed in the packaging thereof and advised that both cocaine and heroin had a similar appearance. Officer Caccimelio noted that he had
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 299]
been a State College police officer for approximately two and one-half years. He indicated that during his tenure as a patrolman, he had come in contact with controlled substances "[n]umerous times." (N.T. 12/1/86 at p. 41). The trooper also stated that, according to his recollection, he had made one arrest involving methamphetamine and it was indicated that this occurred during his tenure with the State College Police Force. He testified that that narcotic had been "in a small packet in white, powdery form." (N.T. 12/1/86 at p. 43). Officer Caccimelio further noted that as a state trooper, he had been involved (in a non-arresting capacity) in another case dealing with methamphetamine. (N.T. 12/1/86 at p. 44). In light of the foregoing, it is evident that Officer Caccimelio had sufficient expertise in this area, and his suspicion that drugs were located on the premises constituted valid probable cause for the search.
In Commonwealth v. Kendrick, 340 Pa. Super. 563, 490 A.2d 923 (1985) this court noted the following with respect to the issue of probable cause:
Probable cause is a flexible commonsense standard. As the Supreme Court in Texas v. Brown, supra commented 103 S.Ct. at 1543:
It merely requires that the facts available to the officer would "warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief," Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 162, 45 S.Ct. 280, 288 [69 L.Ed 543] (1925), that certain items may be contraband or stolen property or useful as evidence of a crime; it does not demand any showing that such a belief be correct or more likely true than false. A "practical, non-technical" probability that incriminating evidence is involved is all that is required. Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, 176, 69 S.Ct. 1302, 1311 [93 L.Ed 1879] (1949).
Moreover, when examining a particular situation to determine if probable cause exists, a court must consider all factors and not concentrate on any individual element. Furthermore, it is important to focus on the circumstances as seen through the eyes of a trained officer and not to
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 300]
view the situation as an average citizen might. Finally, probable cause does not deal in certainties; rather, a court is faced with the factual and practical considerations of everyday life which affect how reasonable and prudent men act. See Commonwealth v. Trenge, 305 Pa. Super. 386, 451 A.2d 701, 705 (1982); Commonwealth v. Tolbert, 235 Pa. Super. 227, 230, 341 A.2d 198, 200 (1975).
Id., 340 Pa. Superior Ct. at 570-571, 490 A.2d at 927.
Accordingly, we hold that Officer Caccimelio was justified in believing that contraband was located in the appellant's vehicle, and this belief constituted valid probable cause for the search of the trunk compartment under the Ross rationale.
The same result is required under Pennsylvania law. In Commonwealth v. Shaffer, 447 Pa. 91, 288 A.2d 727 (1972), cert. denied 409 U.S. 867, 93 S.Ct. 164, 34 L.Ed.2d 116, our Supreme Court discussed various automobile exceptions to the warrant requirement, and observed:
As we recently stated in Commonwealth v. Dussell, 439 Pa. 392, 266 A.2d 659 (1970), the stopping of an automobile or the arrest of the driver of a motor vehicle for an ordinary traffic offense does not without more, permit a warrantless search of the vehicle. To justify such a search, even though a movable vehicle is involved, an officer must have independent probable cause to believe that felony has been committed by the occupants of the vehicle, or that it has been used in the furtherance of the commission of a felony, or the officer must have a basis for believing that evidence of a crime is concealed within the vehicle, or that there are weapons therein which are accessible to the occupants. See Commonwealth v. Dussell, supra, and authorities cited therein.
Id., 447 Pa. at 104, 288 A.2d at 735 (quoting Commonwealth v. Lewis, 442 Pa. 98, 101, 275 A.2d 51, 52 (1971) (emphasis added). Officer Caccimelio clearly had a "basis for believing that evidence of a crime [was] concealed
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 301]
within the vehicle." Id. Accordingly, the search of the trunk was proper.
Even if we were to conclude that the Ross rationale did not represent the standard of law in this Commonwealth, the search of appellant's trunk would still pass constitutional muster. As noted in Shaffer, supra, if there is probable cause to believe that the occupants of the vehicle had committed a felony, a warrantless search is permissible. In Commonwealth v. Long, supra, the court held that this particular exception was inapplicable in the circumstances at bar, since the vehicle which had been searched contained more than one occupant and there was probable cause to believe that only one of those occupants had been involved in criminal activity. The court observed that, "The Commonwealth's argument incorrectly presumes that if one occupant is engaged in a felonious act, here possession of contraband, then all occupants including the driver may also be viewed as participants in that felonious act." Long, supra, 489 Pa. at 374, 414 A.2d at 115. In the case sub judice, the appellant was the only occupant of the vehicle in question, and Officer Caccimelio had probable cause to believe that he was in possession of a controlled substance. This being so, Long is distinguishable on its facts and does not control in this instance.
Appellant also contends that the lower court erred in permitting the contents of the locked trunk to be admitted into evidence under the search incident to arrest exception. This is an erroneous assumption. As the court clearly stated in an opinion filed on November 13, 1987, "Turning to the search of the trunk of Defendant's vehicle, our review of the facts reveals that Trooper Caccimelio had probable cause to believe that this vehicle contained contraband. In light of this probable cause, the search of the trunk comes within the 'automobile' exception to the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement. (Lower Court Opinion at 7) (emphasis supplied). Accordingly, this claim is without merit.
[ 376 Pa. Super. Page 302]
For all of the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the court below.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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Ricotta Pasta With Sausage
Total Time
Prep 15 mins
Cook 15 mins
365: No Repeats. Rachael Ray
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 lb penne or 1 lb ziti pasta, rigate
- coarse salt
- 2 cups ricotta cheese
- 2 tablespoons unsalted butter, cut into small pieces
- 1⁄2 cup parmigiano-reggiano cheese or 1⁄2 cup romano cheese
- 2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
- 1 medium onion, finely chopped
- 1⁄4 cup flat leaf parsley, finely chopped (generous handful)
- 1 lb bulk italian sweet sausage
- coarse black pepper
- fresh basil leaf, shredded (about 20 leaves)
- Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add the pasta and salt the water. Cook the pasta until al dente, with a bite to it.
- Place the ricotta, butter, and Parmigiano or Romano cheese in a large bowl.
- Heat a small skillet over medium heat. Add the EVOO and sausage. Brown the sausage, then add the onions and cook 5 minutes. Add the parsley and cook 2 minutes. Turn off the heat.
- Drain the pasta. Add to the bowl with the cheeses. Toss to melt the butter and evenly coat the pasta with cheeses, then season with salt and pepper. Top pasta with basil.
- Season with a little salt. Toss and serve at the table.
Most Helpful
This was so good. No where in the recipe directions does it tell you where to add the sausage, so we added it with the cheese. We used fat free ricotta and sweet Italian turkey sausage. This was not difficult to put together and was really really good.