text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|May 21, 1974
|Filing date
|Oct 19, 1971
|Priority date
|Oct 19, 1971
|Also published as
|Publication number
|R Brewster, L Warren
|Original Assignee
|R Brewster, L Warren
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (8), Classifications (19), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1 Warren et al.
[111 3,811,487 May 21, 1974 [76] Inventors: Lyle D. Warren, 500 Birch St.,
Sweet Home, Oreg. 97386; Robert W. Brewster, 5924 SE. McNary Rd., Milwaukie, Oreg. 97222 [22] Filed: Oct. 19, 1971 [2]] Appl. No.: 190,589
[52] U.S. Cl. 144/312 [51] Int. Cl B27b 1/00 [58] Field of Search 144/312 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,459,246 8/1969 'Ottosson 144/312 3,304,971 2/1967 Peasf 144/312 R 1,252,445 l/l918 Johansson et al 144/312 1,393,529 10/1921 Haley 144/312 L53 L51 LSl4\ L 26\ 94 3 AUTOMATIC SAWMILL Primary Examiner-Donald R. Schran Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Klarquist, Campbell, Leigh, Hall & Whinston Sparkman,
[ 5 7 ABSTRACT ln an automatic sawmill, a caliper device measures the diameter of an incoming log and the log is then posi- I tioned against a pair of backstands over a log receiv- 6 Claims, 24 Drawing Figures EATENTEB MAY 21 I974 sum 01 0f 11 LYLE D. WARREN ROBERT W. BREWSTER INVENTORS Om @Q Qm Om m aw NmmJ MmJ BUCKHORN, BLORE, KLARQUIST & SPARKMAN ATTORNEYS PATENTEDHAY 2 1 1974- v2 v V Q9) Ilh @9 a V. x q: NmmA \09 we. g.
LYLE D. WARREN m ROBERT W. BREWSTER INVENTORS BUCKHORN, BLORE, KLARQUIST & SPARKMAN ATTORNEYS PATENTEDHAYZHHM 3.811.487
sum 030F11 LYLE 0. WARREN ROBERT W. BREWSTER v INVENTORS BUCKHORN, BLORE, KLARQUIST & SPARKMAN ATTORNEYS minnow 21 194 3,81 1,487
saw on 0F11 4 FIGS 45 LYLE D. WARREN ROBERT W. BREWSTER INVENTORS BUCKHORN, BLORE, KLARQUIST & SPARKMAN ATTORNEYS ATENTEDHMZI m4 3,811,487
SHEET as D? 11 FIG. 8
P LYLE. D. WARREN ROBERT W. BREWSTER INVENTORS BUCKHORN, BLORE, KLARQUIST & SPARKMAN ATTORNEYS PATENTEmm m4 sum as 0F11 LYLE D. WARREN ROBERT w. BREWSTER INVENTORS UIST. & SPARKMAN ATTORNEYS mammmzl m4 381L487 snmfln 0F 11 HSVOLTS AC.-
cmaa CR 90. CRIOQ DD CYL- FIG. 20
ROBERT W. BREWSTER I INVENTORS BY I BUCKHORN, BLORE, KLARQUIST & SPARKMAN i l LYLE D. WARREN ATTORNEYS AUTOMATIC SAWMILL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In sawmill operation, the sawing of a log is frequently accomplished in a number of stages according to the operators best estimate of log size and the number of pieces of largest size which may be advantageously obtained therefrom. Decreasing timber stands require the most efficient use of raw material, i.e. without the excessive waste heretofore occasioned, and also the desirability of providing lumber products at fairly low cost makes more efficient methods highly desirable. A more rapid and accurate system of sawing can be of particular importance in the case of smaller logs wherein a large number of logs must be handled in order to produce a reasonable output.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic sawmill and particularly to such a sawmill and method of operating the same wherein large quantities of raw materials are handled and the output in board feet and board size produced from each log is optimized.
According to an illustrated embodiment of the present invention, a sawmill having plural cutting means and a movable carriage receives a log on the carriage for travel through the aforementioned cutting means. The log is measured and in response to such measurement a plurality of cutting instruction are produced for cutting the log into a predetermined number and size of cants, boards, or slabs, these cutting instructions being effective to bring about transverse relative movement between the position of the log and the position of the cutting means.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the automatic sawmill includes a data processing circuitry which accesses sets for the cutting means and/or the log in automatic response to a diameter measurement of the log. The data processing circuitry desirably includes memory means including a sawing program most advantageous for any particular diameter log within predetermined limits.
A backstand method of cutting is perferred wherein one side of the log is aligned in parallel relation to the carriage center line or carriage movement through the cutting means, thus producing cants, boards, or slabs having faces parallel to the said one side of the log. The programming of the data processing circuitry is predetermined for making an optimum number of cuts starting substantially at a datum plane parallel to and proximate the said one side of the log.
In order to secure the positioning of the log with one side parallel to the carriage center line, while also positioning the log transversely with respect to certain cutting means, plural backstand means are utilized against which the log is transported by charger means movable in transverse relation to the carriage. Separate charger means are associated with separate backstand means so that aligning can take place, with the individual charger means being arrested in their forward movement as aligning is accomplished. After the log is correctly aligned with the forward side thereof parallel to the carriage, means on the carriage engage the log for carrying the same through the sawmill, and the aforemen tioned charger means are withdrawn.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for automatically cutting logs into one or more cants, boards, orslabs.
It is a further object of the present invention to pro vide an improved method and apparatus for cutting logs into an optimum number of pieces, representing an optimum number of board feet, in response to measurement of the log size.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for rapidly receiving logs, measuring the same, and in response thereto automatically selecting sawmill sets as will provide efficient utilization of the log content.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for utilizing the measurement of a log for accessing data processing circuitry to provide the optimum position of cuts to be made in the said log.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for charging logs onto a sawmill carriage and engaging the said logs for movement through cutting means therefor.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an automatic sawmill having improved data processingmeans responsive to log diameter for accessing the sawmill sets suitable for cutting the log into the optimum number and size of pieces.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved sawmill method and apparatus wherein a log is received and aligned relative to one side of the log in parallel relation to the sawmill center line, in its optimum position for securing the maximum product output from the log.
The subject matter which we regard as ourinvention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of this specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further advantages and objects thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters refer to like elements. 7
DRAWING FIG. 1 is an overall plan view or layout of an automated sawmill according to the present invention FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-section of the FIG. 1 sawmill taken generally along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, but also including a full end view of a caliper device,
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken at 3-3 in FIG. 1,
FIG. 4 is a partial plan view taken along 4-4 in FIG. 2, illustrating charger mechanism,
FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-section also illustrating the charger mechanism and taken at 55 in FIG. 2,
FIG. 6 is a partial illustration of a caliper device as seen along line 6-6 in FIG. 3,
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional detailed view taken generally at 7-7 in FIG. 3 illustrating guide means for a sawmill carriage dogging bar,
FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-section taken at 8-8 in FIG. 1, and illustrating movable band mill and chipper head assemblies,
FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-section taken at 9-9 in FIG. 1, illustrating an off-bearing roll portion of the sawmill,
FIG. 10 is an elevational view of a hydraulic pump for controlling sawmill carriage movement,
FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an alternative log charger apparatus, according to the present invention,
FIG. 12 and 12A are schematic or elementary diagrams of sequence control circuitry for the automated sawmill according to the present invention,
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of data processing circuitry, according to the present invention, adapted to provide cutting instructions in response to log measurement,
FIG. 14 is a detailed view of a first portion of the FIG. 13 coding matrix, such portion being associated with the right chipper head sets,
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a similar portion associated with left chipper head sets,
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of yet another portion of the FIG. 13 coding matrix associated with left movable band saw sets,
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagramof another similar circuit portion for providing right movable band saw sets,
. inches, and 13 inches, respectively.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1 illustrating the general layout of an automated sawmill 20 according to the present invention, such sawmill includes carriage means 26 for receiving a log from log charger means 22, wherein the charger means is disposed at susbtantially right angles to the carriage path. The carriage travels upon wheels 84, 85, and 88 in a direction advancing a log carried thereby through left and right band mill and chipper head assemblies 28 and 29, as well as through left and right band mill assemblies 30 and 32 positioned along and on either side of the .carriage path, for sawing the log.
A caliper device 24 is located adjacent the carriage and is used for measuring the diameter of the log prior to sawing, i.e. when the log is supported upon charger means 22, while a pair of backstands 106 and 108, located adjacent the carriage opposite the charger means, are employed to bring about proper alignment of the log relative to the carriage in accordance with the log diameter measurement. Data processing or computer type circuitry supplies the particular sets for the backstands, as well as chipper head and band mill positions and carriage speed for a particular log size, in such a manner as to saw the log into a number of cants, boards, and/or slabs making optimum use of the material in the log.
At the outfeed end of the chipper devices and band mills, an off-bearing roller assembly 34 is positioned for receiving the cut lumber. A sweep arm 136 removes the center cant after release thereof, toward the end of travel of the carriage.
Briefly considering operation of the mill, the caliper device 24 is remotely controlled for measuring the log diameter after the log has been delivered to the charger means 22. The measurements taken from the log are employed to address data processing circuitry which will then select the optimum positions for backstands 106, 108, as well as the optimum positions of the chipper heads and band mills. The charger apparatus carries the log forwardly until the log reaches the backstand means 106 and 108, at which time the forward movement of the charger apparatus is arrested, placing the forward side of the log in parallel relation to the center line of the mill, or parallel to the direction of subsequent travel of the log through the mill. The backstands are then automatically retracted while dogs and 101 are operated to engage the ends of the log. Such engagement initiates retraction of the charger means 22, and when the charger is out of the way the carriage 26 moves to the right at the speed also determined in accordance with the calipered log diameter. The log is now cut, and a limit switch detects the end of travel for stopping the carriage and operating sweep arm 136. When the sweep arm has operated, return movement of the carriage is initiated and the charger apparatus may deliver another log thereto. It will be noted that another log can be calipered as the preceding log is being cut. 1
Considering the invention in greater detail with particular reference to FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, as well as FIG. 1, powered feed rolls 36 initially reside in the upper or full line position in FIG. 2, for receiving a log longitudinally thereupon. Each of the feed rolls comprises a ribbed, hourglass roller rotating at the same speed as the remaining rollers for transferring the log into the mill. The power drive to the rollers is manually controlled so that rotation may be discontinued when the log is in correct position over conveyor chains 40. Then, frame 137 carrying the feed rolls is lowered by means of air cylinder 37 for placing the log upon conveyor chains 40.
Each of the conveyor chains 40 suitably comprises a pintle chain, and the chains are interleaved with the structure of charger 22 so that a log may be carried over the charger structure and delivered to charger cradles 58 and 59. The chains also interleave rolls 36 whereby a log can be deposited upon the chains from rolls 36 as hereinbefore mentioned. The center chain 40' as viewed in FIG. 2 is supported upon sprockets 138, 139, 140, and 141 journaled in bearings secured to the main frame 54 of the mill, with sprocket 138 suitably being driven by a drive shaft from motor 142. The corresponding sprockets for the remaining chains are similarly driven from the same drive shaft. Theupper chain courses are received in chain guides 144, each provided with a shelf 146 upon which the upper runs of the chains may slide. The head end sprocket is located immediately adjacent the tapered forward ends of charger beams 44 and 45 which pivotally carry log receiving cradles 58 and 59. One or more logs, e.g. as illustrated at 148, are received upon chains 40 but are prevented from initial transfer onto the charger cradles by means of air-operated pin stops 42. Thus, a plurality of logs may be disposed upon the chains 40, and the chains operated inconjunction with the pin stops for depositing one log at a time upon the cradles 58 and 59. As the pin stops 42 are dropped, and the conveyor chains energized, a log can be moved off the head end conveyor sprockets and along the tapered forward edges 150 of charger beams 44 and 45, onto the aforementioned cradles.
Each cradle comprises a steel plate horizontally piv oted between the sides of one of the charger beams. The cradles are respectively provided with control arms 152 operated by means of air cylinders 60 trunnion supported from the respective charger beams. The air cylinders 60 are adapted for positioning the cradles 58 and 59 either in a substantially horizontal position, or in the uptilted position as illustrated in FIG. 2, for catching a log delivered thereto.
The charger beams 44 and 45 are characterized by a box-like construction and are internally provided with longitudinal rods 46 which are slideable within cylindrical openings 'in upright supports 48. Hydraulic cylinders 56 and 57 extend through the upright supports 48 and are supported thereupon, while operating rods therefor are connected to brackets 154 depending from the charger beams. As thus appears, the charger beams are slideable with respect to the vertical supports 48 from the position illustrated in FIG. 2 to a position to the right thereof. Actuation of hydraulic cylinders 56 and 58 enables movement of the cradles toward backstands 106 and 108, e.g. to a position which would place a log between carriage dogs 100 and 101 as illustrated in dashed lines at 156 in FIG. 2. After subsequent engagement of the log by dogs 100 and 101, the cradles may be dropped to the position illustrated in dashed lines at 158 in FIG. 2, e.g. a substantially'horizontal position, through operation of air cylinders 60 so that the charger beams may be withdrawn to the left. As hereinafter more fully indicated, the log is not in most cases centered between dogs 100 and 101, but this positioning for the cradles is merely illustrative. The charger beams are actually driven to the right until the log carried by the cradles makes full contact with fingers 110 and 111 of backstands 106 and 108, respectively, in accordance with the desired cut programing for the particular log. After contact, the movement of the charger beams towards the backstands 106 and 108 is arrested as hereinafter more fully explained.
A horizontal beam member 160 joins upright supports 48 for a given charger beam to provide a unitary structure or charger frame 50. The charger frame 50 is pivotally supported upon the main frame 54 by means of bearings 52. Each charger frame is thus independently tiltable in a direction perpendicular to the direction of charger beam movement, or substantially in the longitudinal direction of the carriage, while the charger frames are maintained in their substantially upright position employing spring suspension means including shock absorber means (not shown) so that only a limited horizontal movement is permitted. When a log is received upon charger cradles 58 and 59, and the charger beams transfer the log to a position between dogs 100 and 101, the engagement or dogging of the log can produce undesirable stresses in the cradles 58 and 59 when, for example, a knot or branch extending from the surface ofthe log catches one of the cradles 58 or 59, or part of the charger beams. For this reason the charger frames are allowed to move in the direction of the log in a limited manner. After the cradles 58 and 59 are dropped, through operation of air cylinder 60, and the charger beams are withdrawn, the charger frames return to their substantially upright position.
Referring particularly to FIGS. 2 and 3, as well as to F IG. 1, carriage 26 comprises a narrow elongated steel beam 80 having a cross member or head end member 82 welded thereto completing a T configuration. The
head member 82 of the carriage is provided with support wheels 88 which travel along flat rails 90, and a central V-shaped guide wheel 84 which travels along V-rail 86. At the opposite end of the carriage, beam is supported by a second guide wheel 85, also V- shaped, which rolls along rail 86. A long hydraulic cylinder 94 has its operating rod pivotally secured to the head end of carriage beam 80 and is adapted for propelling the carriage in a left to right direction in FIGS. 1 and 3 whereby a log carried by the carriage will be urged through the band mill assemblies 28, 29, 30, and 32. The hydraulic cylinder 94 is therefore quite elongated to provide for piston movement corresponding to desired carriage movement, with the opposite end of cylinder 94 being attached to mill framework.
The top of carriage beam 80 is provided with a machined V slot 164 (see FlG. 7) along which a dogging bar 96 slides, such bar carrying a pivotally mounted dog having hardened teeth for engaging the end of log. The dog 100 narrows towards its pivot point and is received between 'side plates 166 welded to the dogging bar. Springs 168 maintain the tooth face of the dogging bar in a substantially vertical position, but allow some pivotal movement thereof in a vertical plane when the dog engages a log. y
Secured upon beam 80 is a guide assembly 98 having a V-shaped shoe 170 for engaging the top of dogging bar 96 and maintaining the same in a vertical attitude. The shoe 170 is provided with top adjusting screws 172 provided with lock nuts and employed for the purpose of the vertically adjusting shoe, 170 so that slideable contact is provided between the shoe and the dogging bar. Since the carriage itself moves in alongitudinal direction, carrying the assembly 98 therewith, a top extension 174 is secured thereto which rides in a longitudinal guide 176 positioned along the lower side of lbeam 178 depending. from mill arches 180 above the carriage path.
An air cylinder 104 is mounted by means of trunnions 181 between supports 183 extending upwardly from the head member 82 of the carriage 26. The operating rod 182 of this air cylinder is pivotally connected to the head end of the dogging bar 96 for forcing the dogging bar to the right when a log is to be engaged, i.e., after a log is correctly positioned between dogs 100 and 101 upon cradles 58 and 59 of the charger. Dog 101 is pivotally supported upon an upright 102 welded to the right hand end of carriage beam 80 above wheel 85, and is urged to the vertical position by a pair of springs in substantially the same manner as was discussed with respect to dog 100.
The log is charged onto the carriage with respect to backstands 106 and 108 which are movable toward and away from the carriage and hence toward and away from the charger apparatus. Each backstand includes a plurality of vertically disposed log contacting fingers. Thus backstand 106 includes four log contacting fingers 110, while backstand 108 includes fourlog contacting fingers 11 1, wherein each such finger is pivoted for operating a switch 184 when contact is made with a log.
Referring to FIG. 2, backstand 106 is illustrated from the side and includes a horizontal support 186 carrying horizontal guide rods 112 upon which horizontal guides 188 slide. A plate 190 attached to guides 188 carries switch 184 and a pivot arm 192 at the forward end thereof to which fingers 110 are pivotally secured.
Each of the fingers has an L-shape to provide the downwardly extending log contacting portion as well as a horizontally extending lever arm for operating a switch 184. The fingers are formed of relatively flexible material which will bend somewhat with the elastic limit for actuating a switch 184 without becoming damaged by log contact. As will hereinafter more fully appear,'a plurality of fingers with a corresponding plurality of switches are utilized for each backstand in such a manner that all of the switches in a backstand must be operated before charger movement is arrested. This cooperation of the backstand fingers provides a true indication of the side of the log presented thereto, while ignoring knots or small protrusions which might give an incorrect indication of the log side if only one backstand finger were to be employed.
Also associated with each backstand is a setworks numbered 114 in the case of backstand 106, and numbered 116 in the instance of backstand 108. Each such setworks comprises a plurality of air cylinders disposed in serial fashion whereby the total movement produced equals the totaloperatingrod extension or movement of the individual cylinders. Thus, each cylinder is provided with one or two operating rods which are connected to the operating rod or cylinder next in line. Each cylinder is double acting in response to a pneumatic control (not shown) for placing each cylinder in the operating-rod-in or the operating-rod-out position.
Setworks for other purposes are well known in the art and need not be described in further detail. In the instance of each backstand, the series of air cylinders 114 and 116 are supported by frames 194 and 196 respectively. Each of the setworks comprises seven cylinders having a piston throw of /8 inch, M; inch, /2 inch, 1 inch, 2 inches, 2 inches, and 4 inches, respectively. These cylinders, when actuated, are capable of providing the corresponding movements toward the'sawmill center line and combustions of these cylinders, when actuated, will be capable of moving the backstand in oneeighth inch increments towards the center line of a sawmill. When the backstand is moved to the desired position, and the charger moves theretoward with a log which contacts the backstand fingers disposed at such position, actuation of the corresponding switches 184 will shut off the supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinder 56 or 57 of the charger so that the log will remain in position where the backstand fingers are contacted. The backstands are moved inwardly and outwardly together from a common reference line parallel to the center line of carriage beam 80, and hence the forward side of the log will be parallel to the center line of the sawmill carriage beam 80.
It should be emphasized that the two charger mechanisms operate substantially independently from one another for accomplishing placement of the forward side of the log in parallel relation to the center line of the sawmill. For this reason, each charger beam has associated therewith one of the backstands directly opposite thereto which controls the charger movement. Thus, charger beam 44 and cradle 58 are substantially opposite backstand 106, while charger beam 45 and cradle 59 are substantially opposite backstand108. Before movement of the charger bearing a log toward the carriage, both backstands 106 and 108 are moved towards the carriage by a like amount whereby fingers 110 and 1 11 are disposed in parallel relation to the carriage. The log, however, will generally be tapered and consequently the larger diameter end of the log will ordinarily contact backstand fingers before the smaller diameter end of the log. 1n the instance of the specific v embodiments illustrated, barked logs were cut eight feet long and generally. disposed (by means not shown) with the smaller end in cradle 59. Then, when charger cylinders 56 and 57 are actuated, and the log is moved forwardly, fingers of backstand 106 will be reached by the log before fingers 111 of backstand 108. It is realized this need not be the case if different amounts of hydraulic fluid are provided to the cylinders, but this example is employed for purposes of illustration. When backstand fingers 110 operate their corresponding switches, hydraulic cylinder 56 is stopped. A short time later'when the smaller end of the log contacts fingers 1 ll, movement of hydraulic cylinder 57 is similarly arrested, placing the forward side of the log (that is the side towards the backstand) in parallel relation to the mill center line. It is understood the same end result ob- 1 tains if the charger cylinders do not move at the same rate and if, for example, the smaller end of thelog were to reach the corresponding backstand first.
The carriage during loading is substantially stationary and at the left hand extremity of its travel path, but after the log is dogged by operation of air cylinder 104, producing engagement of the log between dogs 100 and 101, the carriage is moved tothe right for carrying the log through band mill and chipper head assemblies 28 and 29, as well as band mills 30 and 32, wherein the log is cut into the desired number of pieces. Considering first the band mill and chipper head assemblies 28 and 29, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 8, as well as FIG. 1, each said assembly comprises a band mill husk 198 slideable toward and away from the center line of the mill. Each husk is provided with a flat skid 200 mounted on a flat rail 202 extending in a direction perpendicular to the mill center line and supported on structure therebeneath. Parallel to skid 200, a V- shaped skid 204 is mounted upon husk 198 for cooperating with V-shaped guide rail 206. Each band mill husk carries a motor 208 adapted for driving a band saw 210 within guard 212 via a conventional driving system. The band saw is disposed in a plane parallel to the center line of the sawmill in the proper position for making the desired saw cut and is supported in a conventional manner from husk 198. The husk for assembly 28 is moved inwardly and outwardly toward the mill center line by means of a setworks similar to the setworks hereinbefore discussed but comprising a single cylinder having a 2 inch throw. Similarly, right hand assembly 29 is movable toward and away from the sawmill centerline through actuation of setworks cylinder 132 also having a two inch throw. Consequently, each band mill is movable between separate in and out positions which will be hereinafter defined in greater detail. Thus the band saws associated therewith are movable inwardly and outwardly to desired positions with respect to the mill center line.
Also supported upon each husk 198 is a chipper head 118 driven by a motor 214. These chipper heads are disposed at right angles to the center line of the mill while the motors and bearing supports therefor are each mounted upon a frame 216 slideable along nylon skids 218 upon sub support 220 of the sawmill husk 198. Thus, the chipper heads move with respect to the sawmill husk, which itself is movable inwardly and outwardly toward and away from the mill center line. The
left hand chipper head is caused to move inwardly and outwardly with respect to a supporting band mill-husk by means of setworks 120 comprising a pair of air cylinders each having a one and /8 inch throw. The right hand chipper head is movable inwardly and outwardly on its supporting sawmill husk under the control of setworks 124 comprising air cylinders respectively having a /8 inch throw, a one inch throw, and a two and inch throw.
In the present embodiment, the band mills 30 and 32 are substantially similar in construction to the movable band mills just described, and similar elements are referred to in the drawings by means of primed reference numerals. The band mills are again. located on skids as a matter of convenience for positioning the band saws relative to the mill center line in the proper cutting position, but no setworks were employed in this particular embodiment for selectively locating the band saws in different positions. Hence, band mills 30 and 32 will be referred to as fixed band mills, which, in the instance of the present embodiment, were disposed to provide a cut of a nominal two inches from the center line of the mill. Thus, in the embodiment described, a center cant is provided having-a nominal four inch thickness as the log passes between the fixed band mills 30 and 32. It is understood that carriage beam 80 and the'rail structure therebeneath for supporting the same is narrow enough to pass between band saws 210 of band mills 30 and 32. Generally speaking, the positions of the band mills and chipper heads of assemblies 28'and 29 will be at a greater distance from the mill center line in order to cut board thicknesses on either side of the center cant, except in the case of logs of smaller diameter.
In the case of the fixed band mills, the band saws are positioned on the reverse side of the band mill husk from the band mill positions on the movable assemblies. Thus, the fixed band saws are located adjacent the movable band saws, and immediately thereafter along the center line as one proceeds along the center line of the mill.
After the log has passed through both movable band mill and chipper head assemblies, as well as both fixed band mills, i.e. after dog 100 has passed between the band saws of the fixed band mills, the side boards or slabs fall upon powered rollers 222 of off-bearing roller assembly 34 by means of which the same are delivered to a right angle chain conveyor partially indicated at 224 in FIG. 1. Skirts 226 on either side of carriage beam 80 direct the boards as well as the center cant onto the off-bearing rollers. As the carriage moves to the right, deceleration thereof takes place, and dog 100 is moved away from the center cant so the center cant may also be dropped onto the off-bearing rolls. To insure removal of this center cant before the carriage moves back toward the head end of the mill, a sweep arm 136 is employed for urging the center cant or any other lumber off the carriage track. The sweep arm 136 includes a striking plate 228 located at the lower end of arms 230 pivotally supported from the mill structure for rotation about an axis parallel to the mill center line. Crank 232 secured to arms 230 is operated by air cylinder 234 secured to the mill structure, the cylinder having an operating rod 236 pivotally connected to crank 232. The operating rod 236 is normally with drawn upwardly by the cylinder so the striking plate 228 remains clear of the carriage track during carriage movement. However, when the carriage reaches its right hand position, cylinder 234 is operated for swinging the striking plate 228 across the carriage for removing any remaining wood as described; The striking plate is then upraised again and the carriage drive is reversed for returning the carriage to its position at the head end of the mill for receiving another log. The sweep arm and the off-bearing roll assembly are seen in FIG. 9 as well as in FIG. 1.
As hereinbefore mentioned, the speed of carriage travel is variable and predetermined, and moreover the direction of carriage travel is reversed after each pass through the mill so the carriage may return to a position for receiving another log. The carriage is moved along its path by means of hydraulic cylinder 94 located at the head end of the carriage'and this cylinder is driven by means of a variable displacement pump, both in the case of forward and backward movement directions for the carriage. This variable displacement pump provides hydraulic fluid at the proper rate and in the proper direction for'correctly controlling carriage movement. The variable displacement pump employed in the case of the present apparatus was a Sundstrand pump,- Model 23, manufactured by the Sundstrand Company at Rockford, Illinois, and of the type having a swash plate which moves over center to provide reversing action. This pump is illustrated at 239 in schematic form in FIG. 10. The pump is provided with a control handle 238 adapted for controlling the rate of flow and direction of flow of hydraulic fluid in lines 240 and 242 which are connected to either end of carriage drive cylinder 94 in a conventional manner. The output of the pump will be responsive to the position of control handle 238 so long as solenoid actuated dump valves 244 and 246 are closed, these valves having been added to the otherwise standard pump. When dump valves 244 and 246 are opened, hydraulic control fluid which permits control of the pump 239 by controlhandle 239 is drained to hydraulic fluid tank 248.
The pump 239 includes plural pumping cylinders which are motor driven through a rotatable swash plate the angle of which isdetermined by a pairof control cylinders, schematically illustrated at 250 and 252. These control cylinders are normally operated in response to control handle 238 in correct proportionfto position the swash plate whereby the pumping cylinders pump oil at the rate determined by the control handle 238. However, when it is desired that the pump be rendered inoperative, the hydraulic control fluid is drained as described above.
The control handle 238 is positioned by means of setworks 254 supported from framework 256 and suitably having piston movements in the ratio 4/4/3/2/1. It is understood the exact linear movement provided can be adjusted in accordance with the desired speed and the length of control handle 238. Operation of the setworks cylinders in various combinations is adapted to provide control handle positions of neutral, forward speeds of 80, I00, 120, 140, I60 and I feet per minute, and a predetermined reverse speed suitably in excess of feet per minute. i
The forward speed setting for the sawmill carriage as well as the backstand setting, and settings of the left and right chipper heads and left and right movable band mills are determined in accordance with the size of the log being sawed. For this purpose, the log is measured in diameter before it is moved toward the backstands for engagement between dogs 100 and 101. Ac-v cording to the present embodiment, a caliper device 24 is employed for measuring the diameter of the log as the log resides across cradles 58 and 59 prior to movement of said cradles toward the backstand and sawmill carriage. The caliper device 24 comprises a frame 64 formed of parallel telescoping rods 258 joined at their upper ends by cross member 260. A support arm 262 extending from beam 178 pivotally engages the cross member 260 whereby the caliper frame 64 may move upwardly and downwardly. The pivot point is substantially above and has an axis perpendicular to the pivot axis of cradles 58 and 59 therebelow whereby the frame 64 can be lowered and raised vertically with respect to a log supported by the cradles.
The frame 64 further includes cross members 268 and 270 located respectively across inner and outer sections of the telescoping rods 258 and having an extending cylinder 272 therebetween adapted to adjust the degree of rod telescoping desired. A further cross member 274 joining the outer telescoping rods is pivotally connected to the operating rod 276 of an air cylinder 62, the latter being pivoted to an overhead support post 278 joined to the beam 178. Operation of the cylinder 62 raises and lowers the frame 64 with respect to cradles 58 and 59.
Secured to cross member 270 is a plate 280 carrying a pair of bearing members 282 at ends thereof between which is journaled a threaded rod 74. Threaded rod 74 includes left hand threads 76 on the left hand side of center, and right hand threads 78 on the right hand side of center, and is rotated by means of an air motor 66, supported from the frame, via a drive chain 68. The threaded rod 74 carries first and second threaded caliper arm supports 71 and 73 having left hand and right hand threads respectively for engaging corresponding threaded parts of rods 74. Depending from caliper arm supports 71 and 73 are vertical caliper arms 70 and 72 which are adapted to engage the outside of the log. At the end of the threaded rod opposite from the air motor, a cam switch 284 is'positioned which is operated twice for each revolution of the rod 74. Thus, cam operated contacts close cam switch 284 twice for each revolution of the rod.
In operation of the caliper device, the caliper frame 64 is dropped towards a log by operation of air cylinder 62 with the caliper arm 70 and 72 in their outermost position. Air motor 66 is then started whereby threaded rod 74 turns, driving caliper arm supports 71 and 73 toward one another. When the caliper arms 70 and 72 are a little more than 16 inches apart, limit switch LS4, disposed on the caliper frame, is actuated and, thereafter, the closings of the contacts of switch 284 are counted until the caliper arms encounter the log. It can be seen that the number of switch closings are an inverse function of the log diameter. After the log has been measured, the calipering device frame is withdrawn upwardly employing air cylinder 62, and the charger beams may be moved forwardly for positioning the log in accordance with the measurement. Other calipering means and charger means can be substituted as hereinafter more fully described.
Referring now to FIG. 13, data processing circuitry is illustrated, in block diagram form, for receiving the log diameter measurement from a caliper device and providing a plurality of sets for the backstand setworks, the left and right chipper head setworks, the left and right movable band saw setworks, and the speed control setworks. An input signal Y is received from the caliper device, via control circuitry hereinafter more fully described, from switch 284 on the caliper device. This input signal consists of a pulsation for each eighth inch movement of head 71 after the same oper ates limit switch LS4. The threaded portions 76 are identical in screw lead and consequently a pulsation will be produced'for each total caliper arm relative movement of one quarter-inch. As hereinbefore mentioned, the pulsations are received after limit switch LS4 is operated at which point the caliper arms and 72 are slightly more than sixteen inches apart. Thus, if the log being calipered has adiameter of 16 inches, one output pulsation willbe produced. If on the other hand the log diameter is 1'5 and inches, two output pulsations are produced and so on, down to and including 48 pulsations fora'log diameter of 4% inches, which is, in general, the smallest diameter log acceptable to the mill embodiment disclosed herein.
The input Y is applied via a pulse shaper 290 to counting means 292 comprising a first ring counter 294 for digits 0 through 9-, and a second counter 296 for digits 0 through 4. Counter 294 suitably comprises a plurality of flip-flop stages connected in serial fashion whereby an input from pulse, shaper 292 causes transfer of an active output from one of counter output leads 300 to the next. Thus, if the counter 294 is in the zero or reset stage, the top lead of leads 300 is activated, and for each ensuing pulsation received from pulse shaper 290, the next output lead downwardly in line is activated, only one output lead being upl at any time. Register circuitry of this type is well known by those skilled in the art and need not be described as regards internal wiring. 4
The output stage of counter 292 is returned to the input stage via lead 298 completing a ring counter configuration. Thus, after nine inputs from pulse shaper 290, the bottom output lead 300 will be activated, but the next input from pulse shaper 290 will produce an output once more at the topmost output lead 300 of counter 292. At the same time, counter 296v will receive an input via lead 302 causing the active output from counter 296 to shift from the topmost output lead 304 thereof to the next output lead in order. It will be seen that the number of input pulses at terminal Y will be represented in decimal fashion by the output positions of counters 294 and 296 wherein the output of counter 296 describes the l0s digits of the total, while the output position of counter 294 describes the units digits of the output total. The output leads 300 of counter 294 are respectively connected as inputs to and-gates 308, while the output leads 3040f counter 296 are similarly connected to and-gates 309. After the total pulsations from terminal Y, inversely representative of the log diameter, have been counted, an enablinginput U will be applied via pulse shaper 306 to the series of and-gates 308 and 309 for energizing the same and providing the pulse output count at the output leads of such and-gates. At a subsequent time, the counting means 292 is reset by an input Z received via pulse shaper 10. The origins of inputs U and 2 will be hereinafter more fully described.
The outputs of and-gates 308 and 309, consisting of one output from the top l0 gates 308 and one output from the lower five gates 309, will be applied to a matrix driving circuit 312 which comprises a further plurality of and-gates 314 each having two inputs, one being connected to the output of one of the gates 308, and the other being connected to one of the outputs of gates 309. The gates 314 have their inputs connected in this manner for all numerical combinations of counter summations from 1 through 48 indicative of log diameters from l6 inches down to 4% inches, in quarter-inch increments. Thus, gate 314a receives a 1 input from the units counter 294 (via the appropriate gate 308) and a zero input from lOs counter 296, and provides an output indicated at (1) in FIG. 13, providing both its inputs are up. Gate 3l4b receives an eight input from units counter 294 and a four input from l0s counter 296 and produces an output labeled (48) in FIG. 13, if both its inputs are up. One such and-gate is employed for each numerical count from 1 through 48 whereby only one of the output leads 316 will be energized for any one log diameter.
' The output leads 316 are applied to a decoding matrix or memory matrix 318 comprising a multiplicity of diodes connecting certain cross leads for selectively energizing output leads 320 thereof in response to an input from one of the leads 316. This memory matrix selects the positions or sets" for the various movable elements in accordance with the log'size calipered. The connections are indicated for one particular log size, this input being numbered (27) representative of the number 27 from counter means 292 or 27 pulses received from pulse shaper 290. This corresponds to a measured log diameter of 9 and V2 inches. The input labeled (27) accesses the desired position or sets of the backstands, chipper heads, band saws, and the desired speed. In the particular instance of the 9 and A inch log given, the backstand set desired is 4 inches, the left hand chipper head set is 1% inches, the right hand chipper head set is 2 inches, the left hand band mill set Y but are the sets relative to a zero set starting position.
in the case of chipper heads, a zero set corresponds to a position of the chipper head 1% inches from the sawresponds to band saw positions 3% inches from the sawmill center line. it will be understood that corresponding combinations of diodes in the matrix are disposed between each of the 48 input leads 316 and ones of the 34 output leads 320 in accordance with the desired program stored by the memory matrix 318.
Memory matrix 318 may comprise one or a plurality of wired diode boards for providing the desired connections, and may be termed a read-only-memory. Alternatively, a commercially available read-only-memory may be utilized wherein diode connections, transistor connections, or the like are provided therefor in an initial programming step, thereby enabling desired connections or alternatively disabling non-desired connections in accordance with a predetermined program. The program stored according to the present memory matrix is hereinafter more fully discussed.
The output leads 320 of memory matrix 318 are applied via driver means 324 to a coding matrix 326. The driver means 324 receives the six energized outputs from memory matrix 318 via ones of leads 320, according to the combination of sets prescribed, and applies corresponding drive on 34 corresponding leads 328 forming the input to the coding matrix. Thus, driver means 324 may comprise 34 relays wherein each of the leads 320 is connected to an operating coil for closing a contact delivering a voltage V to the coding matrix. Corresponding, in-line output leads are thereby energized.
The coding matrix converts the sets provided as outputs from matrix 318 to the actual setworks air cylinder combinations operated in order to secure those sets. Thus, the coding matrix drives 31 solenoids 328 for solenoid actuated valves, which in turn provide air pressure to correct ends of setworks cylinders associated ,with the backstands, left and right chipper heads, left and right movable band saws, and the speed control.
As indicated in the drawing, 16 of the inputs to coding matrix 326 relate to separate backstand sets or positions, three'are left chipper head sets or positions, five are right chipper head sets or'positions, two are left movable band saw sets or positions, two are right movable band saw sets or positions, and six are carriage mill center line, while a zero set for the band mills cormatrix 326 associated with the right chipper head posi tions, it will be seen that the input set leads (from matrix 318 via driver means 324) for right chipper head sets of zero, 1 inch, 1% inches, 2% inches, and 3% inches, are connected via diodes'330 for providing movements in'the operation of the setwork cylinders positioned by means of valve solenoids 328a. These particular setworks cylinders are numbered 124 in the foregoing drawings. Respective valve solenoids 328a position the 1 inch cylinder respectively out and back, the seven-eighths inch cylinder respectively out and back, and the 2% inchcylinder respectively out and back. The actual air valve connection is not .shown, being well understood by those skilled in the art.
Considering operation of the FIG. 14 circuit, it will be seen that 'a zero set input will cause diodes connected to the zero set input lead to conduct for placing all three cylinders of setworks 124 in the out position, or that position which locates the chipper'head nearest the center line of the sawmill. This position will be used as a basis and is 1% inches from the center line of the mill. it will be further seen that if the 1' inch input is energized, diodes will be activated for operating the seven-eighths inch cylinder and the 2% inch cylinder in the out position, but the l inch cylinder will be operated in the back" position thereby providing a 1 inch set relative to the zero set position. Furthermore, a 1% inch input causes conduction in diodes connected to the 1 inch cylinder back solenoid, the seveneighths inch cylinder back solenoid, and the 2% cylinder "out solenoid, therefore resulting in a 1% inch retraction from the zero position. The 2% as well as the 3% inch inputs likewise energize the valve solenoids 328a in combination for providing the designated set.
Referring now to FIG. 15, illustrating another portion of coding matrix 326, here designated 326b, it is seen that the three inputs are applied, via various diodes 332, to out and back valve solenoids for operating I setworks cylinders 120 in the manner identified. The inputs supplied to the top of matrix portion 326a relate to the various sets to which it is desired to position the right chipper head. Each one of these leads is a different output of memory matrix 318 derived via driver means 324. The cylinders comprising setworks 120 are operated according to the activation of solenoids 328b. Each of the setworks cylinders has a stroke of 1 /8 inches, providing a total of 3% inches when both are in the out position. When the zero set input is applied, diodes energize both out valve solenoids causing both cylinders to assume their extended condition placing the left chipper head closest to the center line of the mill. This position is the basic position, We inches from the mill center line. When the 1% set input is energized, the diodes connected thereto activate one of the cylinders solenoids to produce an out movement of one cylinder while the other cylinder is in a back position, thereby producing a 1 /8 set with respect to the zero basic location. When the 3% input is received, both setworks cylinders for setworks 120 are placed in a back position, withdrawing the left chipper head 3% inches from the zero set.
Referring to FIG. 16, the zero and 2-inch set inputs derived from memory matrix 318 for the left movable band saw are applied to a portion of coding matrix 326 designated 326C comprising two diodes 334 which respectively energize a 2-inch cylinder out valve solenoid and a 2-inch cylinder back valve solenoid in the case of zero and a 2-inch set input, respectively. The valve solenoids 328c are effective to cause operation of setworks cylinder 130 in the out and the back positions. It is seen this cylinder is extended for the zero set and retracted for the 2-inch set.
Substantially the same circuit configuration is employed in the case of the right movable band saw wherein valve solenoids 328d of FIG. 17 cause operation of setworks cylinder 132 in the *out" and back positions respectively. The FIG. 17 circuit includes matrix portion 326d incorporating diodes 336 connected as were diodes 334 in FIG. 16.
Referring to FIG. 18, a portion of matrix 326e is employed for energizing valve solenoids 328e utilized for positioning the individual cylinders of setworks 254 by valve action. Various of the diodes 338 connect the speed inputs derived from matrix 318 via driver means 324 to ls of the valve solenoids 328e. In the case of the 180 feet per minute input, each of the cylinders are in the back position or retracted. Thus, the handle 238 will be in the upraised position. For neutral position, on the other hand, the one unit, the three unit, and one of the four unit cylinders are in the back position while the 2-inch cylinder and the remaining four unit cylinder are in the out position. It will be seen from examination of FIG. 18 that the successively reduced speed values therebetween will energize the solenoids 328e in combination for placing the-lever'238 of FIG. 10 successively closer to the neutral location. In order to provide a reverse position, only the two unit cylinder is energized to its back location and the remaining cylinders are in their out" location, this being the maximum extension for the setworks in this particular example. As.
hereinbefore explained, the various handle positions thereby achieved will predetermine the travel speed of the carriage in one of the forward positions for travel of the carriage to the right in FIG. 1, in neutral position, or in reverse for movement to the left in FIG. 1.
The coding matrix has been described thus far in diode matrix form, but it is realized the same coding can be implemented by relay circuitry, wherein a given input for a given set energizes a relay or relays having contacts connected for energizing the proper combination of setworks cylinders for bringing about that set. Relay circuitry for operating the backstand setworks is illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 19A. The outputs derived from memory matrix 318 via driver means 324 are designated B1 through B16 and correspond to desired sets of 2 inches, 2 :4 inches, 2 inches, 2 inches, 2 inches, 2 54 inches, 2 "/8 inches, 3 inches, 3 /8 inches, 4 inches, 4 inches, 4 A. inches, 4 inches, 4 k inches, 5 "/8 inches, and 7 /8 inches. In this sequence, the smaller sets pertain to smaller logs, and the larger sets pertain to larger logs, the sets being measured from the mill center line. The circuitry of FIGS. 19 and 19A operates both the setworks 114 for backstand 106, and the setworks 116 for backstand 108. Referring particularly to FIG. 19A, the respective setworks cylinders heretofore referred to at 114 and 116 in FIG. 1 are positioned by means of valve solenoids AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, FF, and GG, which respectively cause extension to the outward position of each setworks one-eighth inch cylinder, one-fourth inch cylinder, one-half inch cylinder, 1 inch cylinder, a first 2 inch cylinder, a second 2 inch cylinder, and a 4 inch cylinder. The solenoid operated valves only in the case of the backstand setworks are suitably spring reversed such that in the absence of energization of a respective solenoid AA throughGG, the corresponding cylinder will return to a retracted or back position. Thus no back solenoid valves need be employed in the case of the backstand setworks.
The relay circuitry of FIGS. 19 and 19A. is arranged so that it is alternatively operable by means of push buttons PBl through P816, or automatically from the memory matrix via leads Bl throug'h B16. Thus, to produce a backstand set for each of the backstands 106' and 108 of 2 A; inches, push button PBl may be depressed. Each of the push buttons comprises a spring loaded single pole, double throw switch, where the movable contact normally makes connection with the left hand fixed contact as illustrated.
Let us assume, for example, that push button P815 is depressed. A circuit is completed through the normally closed contacts of push buttons PBl through P814 and terminals P, Q (connected by normally I closed contacts not shown in this figure). to a 24 volt d.c. source, which PBIS then connects through a diode 340 to operating coil CRl5.'Relay coil CRIS closes contacts CRlSa, CRlSb and CRlSc in FIG. 19A. Consequently, the solenoids AA, FF and GG will. be connected to the 1 15 volt a.c. source, actuating the same to the out position for controlling setworks 114 and 116. The total set will consequently be the sum of one-eighth inch, 2 inches, and 4 inches, providing a total of 6 4 inches. I
Depression of push button PBlS is arranged to produce a set" of 5 /8 inches from the sawmill center line. However, the condition of the setworks 114 and 116 with all cylinders retracted corresponds to a set of 12 inches and, consequently, to produce a 5 "/8 inch set, setworks cylinders must be energized providing a total stroke of 6 "/sinches, or twelve minus 5 Va.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 15, 1915
|Jan 8, 1918
|John Edvard Johansson
|Process for sawing logs.
|Mar 31, 1921
|Oct 11, 1921
|Haley Arthur L
|Method of sawing taper logs
|Feb 24, 1964
|Feb 21, 1967
|Mill Equipment Inc
|Small log plant
|Sep 23, 1966
|Aug 5, 1969
|Kahrs Maskiner Ab
|Method and plant for treating lumber
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 21, 1974
|Jun 1, 1976
|Warren Lyle D
|Automatic sawmill
|Jun 19, 1978
|Jan 29, 1980
|Maxey Carl W
|Automatic wane detector
|Aug 7, 1978
|Apr 8, 1980
|Seneca Sawmill Company, Inc.
|Automatic sawmill apparatus
|Apr 28, 1980
|Nov 3, 1981
|H. Jack Flanders Co.
|Log transport system
|Sep 30, 1980
|Jun 8, 1982
|Weyerhaeuser Company
|Positioning and feed system for cants and boards
|Mar 6, 2000
|Oct 8, 2002
|Ralph W. Bennett
|Infeed log scanning for lumber optimization
|Mar 28, 1997
|Mar 15, 2005
|Amada Company, Limited
|Method and apparatus for feeding workpiece
|Nov 25, 1980
|May 27, 1981
|Kurt Feyler
|Process for producing board-lamellae from round-wood
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 10, 1984
Owner name: KOCKUMS CANCAR INC., 7 KING STREET EAST, TORONTO,
Owner name: KOKUMS INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Effective date: 19820303
|Oct 10, 1984
Owner name: KOCKUMS CANCAR INC., 7 KING STREET EAST, TORONTO,
Free format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:KOKUMS INDUSTRIES, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:004313/0311
Effective date: 19820303
Owner name: KOCKUMS CANCAR INC., A CORP. OF CANADA,CANADA


text:
fourplay may well be the last true super group left on the contemporary jazz scene. Their new release Esprit De Four which may be arguably their best release thus far has just hit the streets and Bob James was kind enough to field a few questions both on the band and on their stellar new release!
Can you tell us about the origin of fourplay? Also Esprit De Four celebrates the greater good of a rock solid quartet. Is this perhaps the most collaborative release to date?
B.J. - "Yes, from the beginning of launching this group our primary goal was to establish a group identity. And we have continued to refine that concept, finding ways to take advantage of the unique skills of each member and incorporating them into the group sound. We've learned along the way that compromises have to be made. But when the team spirit is at it's best, compromise turns into cooperation. The end justifies the means."
Arguably, fourplay is perhaps the last "super-group" in contemporary jazz. Do you remember a time when it hit you that fourplay was really something special?
B.J. - "We felt it was very special right from the beginning, but we knew we had to earn super-group status, if there is such a thing. I hold the other 3 guys in such high esteem that I know I have to give it my best just to keep up."
Considering the diversity in personnel including the ability to find the right voice when change were made, what is the most important thing you may have learned as a musician?
B.J. - "I always think about trying to enjoy the process. If we are having a great time in the studio, putting full energy into the process, we have the best chance that the music will speak to our listeners.
Contemporary jazz has fractured itself into the format driven sub genre known as smooth jazz. Does this help or hurt the overall appeal of contemporary jazz in general?
B.J. - "I'm a believer in opening doors, in crossing boundaries. Narrow minded opinionated thinking results from putting up barriers. There is no one correct way to make music. It's great there are many stylistic approaches; that makes for healthy exploration. I try to learn from listening and appreciating the best in all areas of music."
How has the growth of numerous technology platforms helped or perhaps hindered artists in an effort to work smarter not necessarily harder?
B.J. - "Technology certainly has it's place. We need instruments, and ways to get our music to its audience. I am very happy that I've spent my professional life during the development and refinement of recorded music. Our best way to grow an audience is to use every skill and technique we can acquire to strive for the best art we can make."
Finally, "Sugoi" and "Put Our Hearts Together" are two beautiful pieces of work from the new release. Do you compose differently for the group as opposed to other projects? Also who is catching your ear these days in the jazz world?
B.J. - "Thank You! The influence of Japanese culture was a significant factor in both of those songs. Yes, I definitely think of the individuals and of the collective sound sound of fourplay when I'm composing for a group project. But the creative process remains a mystery to me. I never really know when or how the ideas will come. I just love working at it and hoping for the best. I listen frequently to other artists, but I won't reduce it down by mentioning them by name. It might go to their heads! Or those that I leave out or forget to mention might get mad at me :)."
My review of Esprit De Four:
Photographs via fourplayjazz.com and Heads Up.

subset: commoncrawl


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24 Valentine's Day Crafts for Kids: Lovely Kids Craft Ideas and Projects
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Latest Comments
"I saw this pattern and thought it would be great to go in my gift tins for my homemade spa sets for Christmas. I started the pattern but kept having trouble with the puff stitch. When I try to pull through the loop the hook gets stuck and pull a strand or two out making it look un-neat. Is there a way to prevent this? Could it be the yarn I am using?"
"I love this pattern for making dishcloths! It is so simple and it's so easy to remember. It makes a great,durable dishcloth. Does anyone tried this pattern with that new yarn that is made for making dishcloths? I think it might be a rayon blend. I'm going to try it next time I need dishcloths."
"This is a great beginner project, it was easy to follow and gave great instruction. I was able to work up several of these for co-workers who thought it was so cute. I am going to make several more for my home for company to use when they come over and have coffee."
"These spiral beaded trees are so pretty! For extra sparkle, I am going to place a battery tea light candle in the center of the spiral. Several of these trees would look great placed within a strand of twinkle or small rice lights on a mantle or table center piece!"
"That's a great idea!"
Rose Bouquet Ball
By: Ashley of domestic-fashionista.blogspot.com
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
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Create the perfect decoration for Valentine's Day with pink or red silk roses. The technique is simple to follow and the results are simply gorgeous. Make a few to hang around your house. These would also make for a beautiful wedding decoration or baby shower decorating idea. This simple and stunning craft project uses silk roses to create the floral effect, but you could easily replace those roses with the faux flowers of your choice. No matter what color scheme you choose, this DIY craft is sure transform your space.
This DIY craft tutorial utilizes a foam ball and terra cotta pot, as well. if you are planning on creating these gorgeous DIY décor ideas for your next party, make sure that you allow the project some extra time to dry so that it looks picture perfect during the festivities.
Find this pattern and many more in our new eBook, 41 Valentine's Day Crafts: Valentine's Day Cards, Gifts, and More!
- Pink or red silk roses
- Foam ball (I used a 5" which ended up being WAY bigger than I thought!)
- Hot glue gun
- Ribbon to Hang
- Terra Cotta Pot or Mug to use as a base
- I hot glued the roses onto the Styrofoam ball...the base really helps in the beginning.
- Keep on going around...
- Add some ribbon to hang it from.
For more beautiful handmade flower projects, check out our collection of 81+ Printable Flower Patterns.
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marrinb123 0733561
Apr 13, 2013
My daughter is having a sweet sixteen party this year. I'm think of this as over the tables decorations in her favorite color. I'd prefer to keep the accent colors in pastels, but we may have to go with the red roses - they are her favorites.
Cutie CS
Mar 18, 2012
What a gorgeous idea! Have given me inspiration for my wedding in august!
goosenm 2768644
Jan 13, 2012
they look really great but could cost a pretty penny if you need to make or use as pewter decortions. Actually stumblef apon a site where they made organze pom-poms which look just as lovely and work out way much cheaper. I am in fact busy making them for my daugthers wedding.
Mar 04, 2013
Would be nice if you post a picture of this idea made with pom-poms.
apple blossom
Feb 10, 2011
Feb 06, 2011
I just looked up on EHow, it will take approx 2 dozen.
Feb 05, 2011
I, too, would like to know approximately how many dozen of roses for a 5" ball. I would like to buy them all at once so they would match in color
Feb 04, 2011
This project is really a gorgeous one. I made one of these several years ago from a Martha Stewart program I watched. I used the small paper roses with the wires in them (you can find them around bridal making area or craft area at stores). I just cut the wires off at the base. They are only the size of raspberry. I used a 5" ball also but with the small red roses. I LOVE mine and use it all the time. Christmas, Valentines, ect... GREAT project!!!
Jan 23, 2011
I love this project and my family adored it. Thanks
Crafter 3878506
Feb 15, 2010
Very beautiful. Nice idea for a wedding. I would like to know apx how many roses it takes to make on a 4-5 inch ball. Thanks
Feb 12, 2010
Looks to be beautiful. Nice idea for mothers day as well.
Crafter 1863419
Jan 15, 2010
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"In recognition of his outstanding contributions in the field of energy management, innovations in mine hoist safety and electrical solid state technology as well as his dedicated service to CIM."
André (Andy) Lemay has worked in a wide range of leading edge projects and initiatives from electrical, maintenance, engineering, to environmental and energy. He finished his career at Vale (INCO) in energy management as an Energy Analyst.
Continually building on his education, he progressed from his electrician's and technology training to Laurentian University, graduating with a bilingual Bachelor of Arts Degree, majoring in Business and Economics. Also, through further training and experience, he holds accreditation from the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) as a Certified Energy Manager (CEM), Certified Demand Side Manager (CDSM) and Certified Energy Auditor (CEA).
Over the years Lemay has become known for providing knowledge, leadership and guidance to personnel from the plant floor to the executive offices within Vale, and as their representative, to a number of other mining and related companies, all levels of governments, non-government organizations, associations and regulatory bodies. His approach to innovation is to always look to what could be rather than what is.
Not awarded this year.
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the mining industry in the field of wire rope safety, education and performance as well as his dedicated service to CIM."
George Delorme graduated from EOIT (Algonquin College) in 1968 with a degree in mechanical engineering technology.
Following graduation, George joined Wire Rope Industries, working primarily with mining rope applications, becoming their technical services manager. He remained at Wire Rope for 28 years. In 1996, he joined Haggie Steel Wire ropes of South Africa as president of Haggie North America Inc., a position he still holds.
Over the years, George has visited mines in 22 countries and has assisted with the rope installation of many new hoisting plants. Since 1999, he has had 11 technical papers published in thirteen annual technical bulletins relating to rope issues. George is a life member and a Fellow of CIM, has been chosen as a CIM Distinguished Lecturer, and has served as Chairman of the Maintenance/Engineering Division.
Copyright 2011 - Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. All Rights Reserved


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MAB1358 | Anti-Integrin α6B Antibody, cytoplasmic domain, clone 6B4
Anti-Integrin α6B Antibody, cytoplasmic domain, clone 6B4 is an antibody against Integrin α6B for use in WB, IC, IH.
|Replacement Information
Special Offers
Key Specifications Table
|Species Reactivity
|Key Applications
|Antibody Type
|Monoclonal Antibody
|Product Information
|Purified immunoglobulin. Liquid in PBS containing 0.09% sodium azide.
|Physicochemical Information
|Materials Information
|Toxicological Information
|Safety Information according to GHS
|Safety Information
|Storage and Shipping Information
|Storage Conditions
|Store at 2-8°C, or -20°C in small aliquots for up to 12 months after date of receipt. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
|Packaging Information
|Material Size
|100 µg
|Transport Information
|Supplemental Information
Certificates of Analysis
|Reference overview
|Pub Med ID
|Reconstruction of a human hemicornea through natural scaffolds compatible with the growth of corneal epithelial stem cells and stromal keratocytes.
Barbaro, V; Ferrari, S; Fasolo, A; Ponzin, D; Di Iorio, E
Molecular vision 15 2084-93 2009
Show Abstract
To reconstruct a human hemicornea in vitro by means of limbal stem cells cultured onto human keratoplasty lenticules (HKLs) and to obtain a natural corneal graft for clinical applications.Limbal stem cells were seeded onto HKLs with or without the presence of feeder layers of lethally irradiated 3T3-J2 cells and compared with the current "gold standard" scaffold, i.e., the fibrin glue. The effects of the scaffold on the preservation of stemness and/or induction of differentiation pathways were investigated through analysis of a variety of markers, including p63 and DeltaNp63alpha for stemness, 14-3-3sigma for early differentiation, keratins 3, 14, 12, and 19 to determine cell phenotype, and alpha6, beta1, and beta4 integrins to evaluate interactions with the stroma. Integrity of the stroma was assessed through analysis of keratan sulfate, CD-34 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) (for keratocytes), visual system homeobox 1 (VSX1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) (for fibroblasts and myofibroblasts). The structural properties of the reconstructed "hemicornea" were investigated through scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the preservation of the stemness potential, cells were trypsinized from each scaffold and clonogenic/proliferative characteristics analyzed.Limbal stem cells expanded onto HKLs gave rise to a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium morphologically similar to that of normal corneas. The resulting corneal epithelium was characterized by basal expression of p63 and DeltaNp63alpha, while expression of 14-3-3sigma, keratin 3, and keratin 12 was found in the upper cell layers. The basal cuboidal epithelial cells were anchored to the basement membrane and expressed keratin 14 and alpha6, beta1, and beta4 integrins. In the stroma of HKLs, keratocytes maintained the biosynthetic and phenotypic appearances typical of resting/quiescent cells and expressed keratan sulfate, CD-34, and ALDH3A1. Fibroblastic transformation was observed with the appearance of VSX1 and alpha-SMA. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that HKLs maintained their native conformation with collagen fibrils interconnected to the network and parallel to the corneal surface. HKLs did not alter the clonogenic/proliferative capacity of limbal stem cells. No differences were seen when HKL was compared to fibrin glue, one of the scaffolds currently used for limbal stem cell transplantation.Our findings demonstrate that HKL could be a suitable scaffold for corneal epithelial stem cells as they were shown to proliferate, express differentiation markers, and bind to the underlying stroma with no alterations in clonogenic potential. HKLs have some advantages over currently used scaffolds, such as the possibility to allow cell growth with no feeder layers, to be freeze dried, and to preserve the integrity and viability of stromal keratocytes. The development of a tissue-engineered "hemicornea" might offer new therapeutic perspectives to patients affected by total limbal stem cell deficiency with stromal scarring.Full Text Article
Data Sheet
|Anti-Integrin alpha6B, cytoplasmic domain, clone 6B4 - Data Sheet


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Fire Engine
Warrior Tribe
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Cougar LightingCougar Lighting Finland Exterior Wall Light$79.95 $49.00
Cougar Lighting – Finland Outdoor Wall Light
The Finland by Cougar Lighting is modern outdoor fitting featuring aluminium-alloy finish. Fitted with a Clear glass lens and 9W max GX53 lamp holder. (Globe included.) IP65 rated.
- Aluminium Alloy finish
- Clear glass lens
- 9W GX53 lamp holder
- Modern style
- IP65 weatherproof rating
- Wattage: 9W max
- Lamp Type: GX53 (Fluorescent globe included)
- Colour Temp 2700K Warm White
- IP Rating IP65
- Width: 90mm
- Height: 50mm
- Depth: 140mm


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Accident Assistance
Slip Accident
The most common accident resulting in body injury to the general public is slip, trip or fall accidents. These types of accidents can unfortunately happen at any moment during your day to day activities and can be the most disruptive. Often the cause of trip, slip or fall accidents are careless businesses and shop owners who haven't made sure the environment is safe for their customers.
Injuries suffered as a result of a slip, trip or fall accident varies depending on the severity of the impact made to the floor or a nearby object. Some may encounter light bruising, broken bones, and concussion or in serious cases, even paralysis. The injured may have to take time off work to receive medical advice from their local doctor or to receive personal injury treatment from a specialist. Sometimes these injuries do not fully go away and can reappear in a few years to cause further headache and discomfort to the person's life.
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Busted from 300 000 Gtd on PokerParty with AA against AK. Betted from UTG, got raised by Cut-off, re-raised him, he went all-in, I called: K on the flop Blank on the turn K on the river Now that's bad luck...
Look guys, here's the thing: I've just qualified to 300 000 $ Prize Pool MTT on Party Poker and that's how it happened: 1. Finished 2nd in Sub-Qualifier Freeroll (Out of 3500 players first 10 won 15$ tickets to the Satellite) 2. Finished 41st in the Satellite (Out of 1000 players first 61 won 215$ tickets to the Main Event) I started playing Poker about 4 months ago so it's going to be my first such a big tournament and that's why I'd like to ask you for advice about such tournaments. Generally I know what I'm doing while playing (I've read a couple of poker books) but it would be nice to know what I should expect there tomorrow.
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As Niniola prepares to release the Video of her latest single SHABA which is currently getting massive airplay around the country, She decides to share a little of what she does in her studio during her free time.
Niniola jumps on KID INK's TIME OF YOUR LIFE and gives this cover a different feel.
Download, listen and Enjoy.
Check this out!!
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She no try jooo
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Online Class
Patternmaking Basics: The Bodice Sloper
with Suzy Furrer
I named this necklace after Tchaikovsky's final opera Iolanta. The story is about a blind princess learning to see through love. It's basically a medieval fairy tale. I designed this necklace with that in mind. A necklace fit for a princess. While it may look difficult, all the stitches in this necklace are very easy. BASIC SKILLS NECESSARY thread a beading needle SIZING / FINISHED MEASUREMENTS 20" Can be easily adjusted to fit larger or smaller size


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Solution Lead
Navi Mumbai, MH
Job Code:
Applying for this job will take you to an external site
Job Details
Designing solutions to roll out the product/business offering to the customers through Business Correspondents and AgentsInteracting with product, business and operations teams to understand the requirement document the same covering technical and operational impactDesigning solutions to roll out the product/business offering to the customers through digital channelsInteract with technology team and third party solution providers to get the solution implementedTrack the project and lead project plan implementation right from inception till customer roll outAssist operations team in setting up necessary processes required to support the product/business offeringTo lead, design and assist in Testing of solutions including UAT and any functional part of the InfoSec testing. Get the bugs identified in production system fixed with the help of technology teamParticipate in UI/UX design discussions to assist the design team in coming up with most appropriate front end flow and assist Tech team in implementationDuring the startup phase of the PB, the role will also assist in the launch of the Payments Bank while ensuring that all tech, operations, process & compliances have been taken care of from a payments and banking standpoint, including any Regulatory ones required for the launch. Knowledge of Aadhaar led initiatives and similar government driven programs will be an advantage.Key skillset/qualification criteriaThe candidate is expected to be subject matter expert in the areas of retail payment transaction processing and various modes of financial inclusion platforms particularly handling BC channels, Cash management, etc.Should have sound knowledge of security standards required for digital platform and have understanding of relevant mandates like PCI-DSSShould have a good understanding of biometric devices in the market, applicability of ID/Biometrics driven deploymentsShould have clear understanding of regulatory aspects covering the financial inclusion and banking space especially developments in the eKYC or Central KYC programs, UIDAI Aadhaar led initiatives and government programs associated with Aadhaar for the financial inclusion space.Should have good understanding of market best practices in the areaDemonstrated project Solutioning experience in BFSI sector techno-functional expertise of atleast 5 years plusAtleast 1 large delivery and full cycle implementation experience in Banking or Payments industryProcess and Operations knowledge including experience of atleast 5 yearsCompleted and participated in UAT for atleast 2 large projects.Education MBA preferred, plus a technical qualification like BE/BTech or specialized technology courses if coming from a financial course background
Degree: M.Com. (Commerce) | M.Pharm. (Pharmacy) | M.Sc. (Science) | MA (Arts) | MBA/ PGDM | MCA/ PGDCA
Additional Degree: BE/ B.Tech (Engineering)
Experience: 5-10
Degree: M.Com. (Commerce) | M.Pharm. (Pharmacy) | M.Sc. (Science) | MA (Arts) | MBA/ PGDM | MCA/ PGDCA
Additional Degree: BE/ B.Tech (Engineering)
Experience: 5-10
RequirementsApplication Programming | Business/Systems Analysis | ERP/CRM | Software Engineer
Applying for this job will take you to an external site


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1 May 2010
She's Always a Woman To Me
I love the John Lewis ad, it makes me feel all weepy - here's the people behind it.
Happy Beltane everyone!
Ali x
7 comments:
Happy Beltane to you too Ali! I love that advert.ReplyDelete
What are you doing to celebrate?
It's a bit of a full weekend effort! Last night had friends for dinner and this evening we have friends for dinner.ReplyDelete
Tonight is that ancient Scottish traditional dish, lasagne ;-)
Might put up the recipe at some point.
What about you, what are you doing? Gigging?
Ali x
oooh word verification: - Scottish onion - ingen
This video is fantastic! It had reduced me to tears the first time I saw it! I must download that song! :)ReplyDelete
Emma - I think that it is Fyfe Dangerfield (from the Guillemots?) singing this version.ReplyDelete
Ali x
It's such a lovely video! I liked the last one the same ad agency did for John Lewis, with Taken by Trees singing Sweet Child O Mine. I blogged about it got the song on iTunes. Hope you're having a lovely weekend Ali xxReplyDelete
Love the advert, seeing behind the scene takes away the emotional impact. Song is still great Thank you for sharingReplyDelete
I cried too. Bof.ReplyDelete
I'd love you to comment, but I get a phenomenal amount of spam comments on here for some reason - so everything is moderated. But only for spam. Any other comment will be posted :-D
Explore the ruined citadel of m'blog:
Lovely! The regular reader of this column may recall that Tartarus does not like using airports and therefore Sonshine and I have not be...
Everything was going pretty well until we started the brief drive back from Edinburgh Zoo to Leith docks, where we are currently residing. ...
Me and Tom Me: possibly having a mid-life crisis I roll out of bed on a weekday morning when the dog stuffs his head under the duvet an...


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Arima Gyoen: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 3 stars hotels in Kobe, Japan.
Located in Kobe, Arima Gyoen provides 3-star accommodation, as well as a sauna. It is only a short stroll from Arima Onsen.
Hotel description
There are a variety of amenities available to guests of Arima Gyoen Ryokan Hotel Kobe, such as a coffee bar, parking and internet.
All the rooms at the inn include a private bathroom and a refrigerator. After settling in to their room, guests can discover the area with use of Arima Onsen Railway Station, which is a short stroll from the inn.
Those staying at Arima Gyoen can relax at the in-house bar, ideally located for a drink. Each evening, guests can relax in the cosy lounge bar.
Osaka International Airport is a 40-minute drive from Arima Gyoen Ryokan Hotel Kobe.
Hotel features
Bar / Lounge, Refrigerator, Hair Dryer, TV, En suite, Private Bathroom
High-speed Internet
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5-2-14 Goko Dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe
3-5-18 Sumadera-Cho Sumaku, Kobe
3-5-18 Sumadera-Cho Sumaku, Kobe
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Josh Lannon is the CEO and founder of Journey Healing Centers. He is an inspirational leader and international speaker, who has launched his business from one center to six centers in nine years. Prior to building Journey Healing Centers, he apprenticed under his father's direction by operating the family owned nightclub business in Las Vegas. His leadership and team led the Vegas nightclubs to be voted the #1 country club five years in a row.
" Royce and Hadrian are business partners. Their business? Crime. One a mercenary, the other a thief, they peddle their unique services to the wealthy aristocrats of the lands of Avryn. Or at least, ..."
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" Narcotics officer Cal Moore was supposed to detail the lastest L.A. drug murder. Instead, he winds up in a motel room, his head busted open, with a suicide note stuffed in his back pocket. Long ago, ..."
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" Something About You, the first book in the FBI-US Attorney Series is perfect listening for a day at the beach or a long automobile trip. Author Julie James establishes suspense early in the plot with ..."
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Very nice place. Great hospitality, nice ambiance, clean and comfortable room with balcony, wonderfully comfortable bed, beautiful peaceful location, totally dog-friendly. We were traveling from Slovenia to a dogfrisbee competition in the Netherlands and needed an affordable place to stay with dogs along the way--too far to drive in one go. This suited us perfectly. I will definitely stay there again next time I travel in that direction. Very glad to have discovered it.
Everything was perfect, the only problem was we liked it so much we wanted to stop again on the way home Sunday (instead of spending another night in a tent at the competition site and driving back in one day) but latest check-in was 9 p.m. and we couldn't be sure of getting there that early.
Atmosphere is perfect, facilities clean and inviting. Host are very friendly and helpful.
The staff were very welcoming and helpful. The locals were also very friendly and we had some interesting conversations especially about football!.
Very good food, nice stuff, good atmosphere,
Cold room, small parking
Staff very helpful and pleasant.
I have stayed at this hotel many times and always enjoy my time there. The breakfast is excellent, also.
I have stayed several times, and the rooms and meals are always excellent. Large rooms.
A bit difficult to check on on a weekend (not staffed at all hours).
Countryside lodge setting and environment, but nearby to villages and cities.
Would be helpful to have more multi-lingual staff.
they put me in a smokersroom and i requested a non smoking room. and a lot off stairs to climb to go to your room
It's location is perfect. Right on the Main River with a view of the Klingenberg castle on the opposite hill with the lovely little town below of Klingenberg below, The staff is always very nice as is the food . That's why we always stay there on our Europe trips. And our name is Klingenberg !
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Woman gets jail for drug smuggleFebruary 25,2014Woman gets jail
for drug smuggle
WHITE RIVER JUNCTION The girlfriend of a prisoner, who admitted to conspiring with a guard last fall to smuggle marijuana to her boyfriend inside his cell at the Windsor jail, was sentenced Monday.
Trisha Belliveau, 23, of St. Johnsbury pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count of transportation of marijuana into a detention facility and was sentenced to a three- to six-month sentence that will run concurrent to a three- to 8-year sentence that Belliveau is already serving for a previous, unrelated conviction.
Belliveau was herself out on furlough Aug. 23, 2013 when, she later told investigators, she met up with (now former) corrections officer Brett Duke Jasinski, 46, of Chester at a gas station in Ascutney. Thats where Jasinski allegedly accepted $150 to take packs of cigarettes and a couple of bags of weed and deliver them to inmate Wesley Kidder, 23, who was serving a sentence for sexual assault.
Kidder has since pleaded guilty and was sentenced to spend an additional three months in jail after his original sentence expires, while Jasinski pleaded innocent in December and is still awaiting trial.
The transport was discovered August 2013 after a shakedown of Kidders cell in which a cellphone was found that showed pictures of a large amount of marijuana cigarettes the inmates had apparently been photographing. An investigation by Corrections officials and the Vermont State Police turned up security camera footage that detectives said showed Jasinski carefully placing an opened bag of chips into a trash can next to his desk and then returning to check on it several times, before the tape showed one of Kidders cellmates enter the guards area, go straight to the trash can and retrieve the bag before carrying it back to his cell.
During Mondays sentencing Windsor County Deputy States Attorney Rhonda Sheffield expressed disgust that the maximum penalty for conspiring to get drugs into a prison in Vermont is only six months.
Judge Carroll asked Belliveau about the state of her relationship with Kidder. Hes still my boyfriend, Belliveau said.
I dont want to preach to you, Judge Carroll replied, but a lot of what causes people to be here (in court) is their associates, so I would just encourage you to think long and hard about that relationship.MORE IN This Just InBARRE TOWN Firefighters faced a collection of adverse conditions as a house on Granitville Road... Full StoryWILLISTON Police are asking for help identifying the man who tried to steal roughly $800 worth ... Full StoryNEWBURY Police said somebody stole booze and change from a Welch Road residence. Full Story
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Non-stop flights from Luleå Airport to three perennial holiday favourites for Swedes – Crete, Rhodes and Turkey – will continue again next year with Apollo. A new addition for 2014 is that you can fly to Crete the entire summer season – from May 10 to September 27. In all, there will be some 6,100 seats to the sun next summer.
Greece was one of the most popular countries for holiday travel this past summer for Apollo, and Crete is one of the most important destinations in their offering of trips to Greece. The total number of trips on offer to western Crete will increase 20 per cent for summer 2014, with some 3,500 seats from Luleå Airport being added.
"For many years, Luleå has been one of the local airports with our best bookings, and we already have high demand for trips next summer. So we are extending the flying period to cover the entire summer season, with the option of one- and two-week trips," says Kajsa Moström, communication manager at Apollo.
By flying non-stop to Chania, passengers reach the popular towns of western Crete. In addition to Crete, people can also fly non-stop again next summer to Rhodes and Turkey, other popular destinations with many returning holiday-makers. You can fly to Rhodes before and after the summer season, May 11–June 1 and August 17–September 28.
The trips to Turkey, for one or two weeks, leave on Saturday during the period April 19–June 14, with about 800 seats. Passengers can reach the holiday destinations of Alanya, Antalya, Belek and Side with their non-stop flight.
"We are very pleased that Apollo is offering more departures to Crete from Luleå Airport and that they are continuing service to Rhodes and Turkey next summer as well. There is great demand for non-stop service, and we are especially happy that Apollo is extending its post-summer season," says Ann-Christin Viklund, airport director at Luleå Airport.