text:
The army would be conducting recruitment rally in Phek local ground for all the districts of Nagaland from August 23 and 29.According to secretary, Rajya Sainik Board, Nagaland, Lt. Col. SI Jhakhalu (retd), the districts to be covered on August 23 include Phek, Kiphire, Zunheboto and Mokokchung and August 24 for Mon Longleng, Tuensang, Peren, Wokha, and Dimapur for the post of general duty for class 8 passed and above between the age group 17 years and 06 months to 21 years.On August 25, tests would be conducted for dependents of ex-servicemen, serving soldiers, widows, sportsmen, and NCC certificate holders for all the districts of Nagaland for the post of general duty for class 8 passed and above between the age group 17 years and 06 months to 21 years, while at the same time, tests would also be conducted for soldier technical/clerk and nursing assistant would be conducted for candidates who have passed 10+2 with 50% marks in science/arts between the age group 17 years to 23 years belonging to Nagaland and Manipur states.Medical tests would be held on August 26 to 28, while the written exam for candidates who have qualified in the tests would be held on August 29.Meanwhile, candidates have been advised to contact the nearest Assam Rifles and Zila Sainik Board officers for pre-medical and physical tests including document checking before heading to Phek.
My name is Nungshilong Longkumer, I am from Lirmen village and I am a B.Com graduate student born and brought up from Kohima.
The influence of art has always been there since from


text:
Shail K 3403 Long Sleeve Cocktail Dress
Price: $239.99
YOUR CREDIT CARD WILL NOT BE CHARGED until we determine that your dress is available to be shipped to you by your "wear date."
This long sleeve formal cocktail dress has a slimming black center that is complimented by the defining pattern through the sides and sleeves. The unique high neck exposes a perfect amount of skin for a flawless look!
Colors: Black/White
Sizes: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 30, 1989
|Filing date
|Jun 23, 1987
|Priority date
|Jun 25, 1986
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Noriyuki Inoue, Tatsuo Heki, Shigeo Hirano
|Original Assignee
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (5), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for forming an image by developing a direct positive silver halide photographic light-sensitive material to obtain a direct positive image.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Photographic methods for obtaining a direct positive image without need of a reversal process step or a negative film have been well known.
Known methods for forming a positive image by using a direct positive silver halide photographic light-sensitive material can be classified mainly into two types considering practical usefulness.
One is a method for obtaining a direct positive image by using pre-fogged silver halide emulsions and destroying the fog nucleus of exposed areas (a latent image) by utilizing solarization, Harschel effects or the like.
The other is a method for obtaining a direct positive image by imagewise exposing to light photographic materials using internal latent image type silver halide emulsions which have not previously been fogged followed by surface development during or after fogging process. In this connection, the above-mentioned internal latent image type silver halide photographic emulsion means a silver halide photographic emulsion which has light-sensitive nucleus mainly inside the silver halide grains and by exposure of which emulsion a latent image is formed mainly inside the grains.
Methods of the latter type generally have higher sensitivity than those of the former type, and are suitable for uses wherein high sensitivity is required. The present invention relates to the latter type method.
Various techniques have hitherto been known in this technical field. Main such techniques and disclosed, for example, in each specification of U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,592,250, 2,466,957, 2,497,875, 2,588,982, 3,317,322, 3,761,266, 3,761,276 and 3,796,577, and U.K. Pat. Nos. 1,151,363, 1,150,553 and 1,011,062.
Photographic light-sensitive materials of relatively high sensitivity as direct positive type can be prepared by using these known methods.
Further, the mechanism of direct positive image formation is disclosed in detail, for example, in T. H. James, The Theory of The Photographic Process vol. 4, chapter 7, pages 182 to 193, U.S. Pat. No. 3,761,276 and the like. According to the disclosures, it is believed that fog nuclei are formed selectively on the surface of the silver halide grains of non-exposed areas based on a surface desensitizing action owing to internal latent images formed by the first imagewise exposure, and then a photographic image (direct positive image) is formed on the non-exposed areas by conducting a usual so-called surface developing process.
In the above-mentioned, as methods for selectively forming fog nuclei, a method generally called "light fogging method" wherein the second exposure is given on the whole surface of the light-sensitive layers (for example, U.K. Pat. No. 1,151,363) and a method generally called "chemically fogging method" wherein nucleating agents are used have been known. The latter method is disclosed, for example, Research Disclosure, vol. 151, No. 15,162 (published in November, 1976), pages 76 to 78.
Light fogging methods have disadvantages in that properties of a finished product of a light-sensitive material are liable to change depending upon change in exposure amount, development time, developing solution components, processing temperature and the like.
On the other hand, chemically fogging methods have disadvantages in that the methods must be carried out in high pH conditions which lead to deterioration of a developing agent by air oxidation, which in turn leads to reduction of fogging effect.
Japanese Published Examined Patent Application No. 22515/1971 discloses a method for forming a direct positive color image by using low intensity whole surface exposure and a nucleating agent together, but there is no specific disclosure about the nucleating agent.
Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a direct positive image, in which an excellent direct positive image can be formed even when expose amount, development time, developing solution components, processing temperature and the like are changed and the development can be conducted in a short time even in a low pH developing solution.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be attained by imagewise exposing to light a light-sensitive material having at least one internal latent image type direct positive silver halide photographic emulsion layer on a support, giving the resulting material whole surface exposure before a during developing process, and developing the resulting material in the presence of a quaternary salt type nucleating agent or a hydrazine type nucleating agent.
The internal latent image type silver halide emulsion which has not been fogged in advance as used in the present invention is an emulsion containing silver halide grains, surface of which has not been fogged in advance and inside which a latent image is formed mainly. More specifically, the silver halide emulsion used in the present invention is an emulsion that the maximum photographic density of an emulsion obtained by coating a silver halide emulsion in an amount of 0.5-3 g/m2 on a transparent substrate, giving exposure to the emulsion for a fixed time of 0.01 to 10 seconds and then developing the emulsion in the following developing solution A (internal developing solution) at 18� C. for 5 minutes, which density is measured according to a usual method for measuring photographic concentration, is at least 5 times, preferably at least 10 times the maximum photographic density of an emulsion obtained by coating the same amount of the silver halide emulsion as above on the substrate, giving exposure to the emulsion for the same time as above and them developing the emulsion in the following developing solution B (surface developing solution) at 20� C. for 6 minutes, which density is measured in the same manner as above.
Metol: 2 g
Sodium sulfite (anhydride): 90 g
Hydroquinone: 8 g
Sodium carbonate (monohydrate): 52.5 g
KBr: 5 g
KI: 0.5 g
Water to: 1 l
Metol: 2.5 g
l-Ascorbic acid: 10 g
NaBO2.4H2 O: 35 g
KBr: 1 g
Water to: 1
Specific examples of the internal latent image type emulsion include a conversion type silver halide emulsion and core/shell type silver halide emulsion. The core/shell type silver halide emulsions include emulsions disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application Nos. 32813/1972, 32814/1972, 134721/1977, 156614/1977, 60222/1978, 66218/1978, 66727/1978, 127549/1980, 136641/1982, 70221/1983, 208540/1984, 216136/1984, 107641/1985, 247237/1985, 2148/1986 and 3137/1986; Japanese Published Examined Patent Application Nos. 18939/1981, 1412/1983, 1415/1983, 6935/1983 and 108528/1983; Japanese Patent Application No. 36424/1986; U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,206,313, 3,317,322, 3,761,266, 3,761,276, 3,850,637, 3,923,513, 4,035,185, 4,395,478 and 4,504,570; EP No. 0017148; Research Disclosure RD 16345 (published in November, 1977) and the like.
Typical silver halides include mixed silver halide such as silver chlorobromide, silver chloroiodobromide and silver iodobromide in addition to silver chloride and silver bromide. Silver halide preferably used in the present invention are silver chloro(iodo)bromide, silver (iodo)chloride and silver (iodo)bromide, which contain no silver iodide or 3 mole % or less of silver iodide.
Preferred average grain size of silver halide grains is 0.1 to 2μ, especially 0.15 to 1μ. In this connection, the grain size means grain diameter in case of spherical or sphere-like grains and edge length in case of cubic grains, respectively, and is represented as average length based on projective area. Grain size distribution may be narrow or wide. However, from the viewpoint of improvement of graininess, sharpness and the like, it is preferable to use a so-called "monodispersed" silver halide emulsion having a narrow grain size distribution that 90% or more, especially 95% or more by grain number or by weight of total grains are fallen within �40%, preferably within �30%, particularly within �20% of the average grain size. Further, in order to obtain light-sensitive materials which give desired gradation, two or more monodispersed silver halide emulsions containing different-sized grains, or plural kinds of grains having the same sizes but different speed are incorporated in the same or different layers having substantially the same color sensitivity. Further, it is also possible to use combination of two or more multi-dispersed silver halide emulsions or combination of a monodispersed emulsion with a multi-dispersed emulsion in a mixture or in piles.
Silver halide grains used in the present invention may have regular crystal shapes such as cubes, octahedrons, dodecahedrons and tetradecahedrons, irregular crystal shapes such as spheres, or their combinated shapes. Further, it is possible to use an emulsion containing tabular grains, especially an emulsion containing tabular grains having the length/thickness ratio of 5 or more, especially 8 or more in an amount of 50% or more of the total projected surface areas of the grains. Further it is possible to use an emulsion containing a mixture of these various crystals.
Silver halide emulsions used in the present invention may be chemically sensitized inside or on the surface of the grains according to a method of sulfur or selenium sensitization, reduction sensitization, noble metal sensitization and the like alone or in combination.
Photographic emulsions used in the present invention may be spectrally sensitized with photographic sensitizing dyes in a conventional manner. Especially useful dyes are cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes and composite merocyanine dyes. There dyes may be used alone or in combination. Further, it is possible to use the above dyes and supersensitizing agents together. Detailed specific examples thereof and methods for using them are disclosed, for example, in Research Disclosure No. 17,643 (December, 1978) IV, etc.
Various compounds can be contained in the photographic emulsion used in the present invention for the purpose of preventing fog of the light-sensitive materials during preparation, preservation or photographic process, promoting development or stabilizing photographic performance. Such antifoggants or stabilizers include azoles, mercapto compounds, thiocarbonyl compounds, azaindenes such as tetrazaindenes, preferably 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-(1,3,3a,7) tetrazaindene; benzenesulfonamides, purines such as adenine, etc.; triazines, phthalazinones, all of which are known for such purposes.
More specifically, the azoles include triazoles, imidazoles, indazoles, triaziazoles and the like, and the mercapto compounds include mercaptotetrazoles, for example, 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole typically represented by the following formula: ##STR1## Specific examples of antifoggants or stabilizers and use methods thereof are disclosed more in detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,954,474 and 3,982,947, Japanese Published Examined Patent Application No. 28660/1977, Research Disclosure No. 17,643 (published in December, 1978), VIA-VIM, B. J. Birr, "Stabilization of Photographic Silver Halide Emulsions" (Focal Press, published in 1974) and the like.
Nucleating agents used in the present invention may be contained in the light-sensitive materials or processing solutions thereof, preferably in the light-sensitive materials.
In case of addition to light-sensitive materials, nucleating agents are, preferably added to an internal latent image type silver halide emulsion layer. However, they may also be added to other layers such as an intermediate layer, a substratum layer and back layer, so long as they diffuse during coating or during processing and are adsorbed on silver halide. In case of addition to a processing solution, nucleating agents are added to a developing solution, a low pH pre-bath as disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 178350/1983 and the like.
Whole surface expoure, i.e. fogging exposure in the present invention is carried out before and/or during developing process after the imagewise exposure. The light-sensitive material imagewise exposed is exposed to light in a developing solution on a pre-bath thereof or in a wet state taken out from these solutions, preferably in a developing solution.
As a light source of the fogging exposure, light sources emitting light of the wavelength within the light-sensitive wavelength of the light-sensitive material, for example, a fluorescent lamp, a tungsten, a xenon lamp, sunlight, etc. may be used. In light-sensitive materials having light-sensitivity over a whole wave length range, for example in a color light-sensitive material, light sources having high color rendition, i.e. those close to white such as those disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application Nos. 137350/1981 and 70223/1983 are preferable. Proper illuminance of light is 0.01 to 2,000 luxes, preferably 0.05 to 30 luxes, particularly 0.05 to 5 luxes. It is preferable that when the sensitivity of the emulsions used in the light-sensitive material is high, the illuminance of exposure is low. Adjustment of illuminance may be carried out by changing luminous intensity of the light source, by reducing light by various filters or by changing the distance between the light-sensitive material and the light source or the angle between the light-sensitive material and the light source. It is also possible to shorten the exposure time by using a weaker light at the early stage of the exposure and then using stronger light.
Light irradiation is preferably conducted after the light-sensitive material is soaked in a developing solution or a solution of a pre-bath thereof to make it fully permeate the emulsion layer of the light-sensitive material.
Time from the soak in the solution to the light fogging exposure is generally 2 seconds to 2 minutes, preferably 5 seconds to 1 minute, particularly 10 to 30 seconds.
Exposure time for fogging is generally 0.01 second to 2 minutes, preferably 0.1 seconds to 1 minute, particularly 1 to 40 seconds.
When the nucleating agent is contained in the light-sensitive material, its preferred amount to be used is 10-8 to 10-2 moles, especially 10-7 to 10-3 moles per 1 mole of silver halide.
Further, when the nucleating agent is added to the processing solution, its preferred amount to be used is 10-5 to 10-1 moles, especially 10-4 to 10-2 moles per 1 l of the processing solution.
Nucleating agents useful for the present invention are preferably compounds represented by the following general formula (N-1) or (N-II). The general formula (N-1) ##STR2## (wherein, Z represents nonmetal atoms necessary for forming a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring and may contain a substituent; R1 is an aliphatic group; R2 is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group or an aryl group; R1 and R2 may contain a substituent, provided that at least one of R1, R2 and Z groups contain an alkynyl group, an acyl group, a hydrazine group or a hydrazone group, or R1 and R2 are combined together to form dihydropyridinium skeleton as a 6-membered ring; further, at least one of R1, R2 and Z may contain X1 -(L1)- wherein X1 is a group for promoting adsorption on silver halide and L1 is a bivalent linking group; Y is a counter ion for electrical charge balance; n is 0 or 1; and m is 0 or 1).
In more detailed explanation, the heterocyclic ring as completed by Z includes quinolinium, benzothiazolium, benzimidazolium, pyridinium, naphthopyridinium, thiazolinium, thiazolium, naphthothiazolium, selenazolium, benzoselenazolium, imidazolium, tetrazolium, indolenium, pyrrolinium, acridinium, phenanthridinium, isoquinolinium, oxazolium, naphthoxazolium and benzoxazolium rings.
Substituents on Z include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aralkyl groups, aryl groups, alkynyl groups, hydroxy groups, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, halogen atoms, amino groups, alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, acyloxy groups, acylamino groups, sulfonyl groups, sulfonyloxy groups, sulfonylamino groups, carboxyl groups, acyl groups, carbamoyl groups, sulfamoyl groups, sulfo groups, cyano groups, ureido groups, urethane groups, carbonic acid ester groups, hydrazine groups, hydrazone groups or imino groups. As the substituent(s) on Z, at least one grouup is selected, for example from the above-mentioned substituents, and when two or more groups are selected, they may be the same or different. The above-mentioned substituents may further be substituted with there substituents.
Further, the substituent may have heterocyclic quaternary ammonium group as completed through an appropriate linking group L. In this occasion, so-called dimer structure is taken.
Preferred heterocyclic rings as completed by Z include quinolinium, benzothiazolium, benzimidazolium, pyridinium, naphthopyridinium, acridinium, phenanthridinium and isoquinolinium; particularly preferred ones are quinolinium, benzothiazolium and benzimidazolium, especially quinolinium and benzothiazolium. Best one is quinolinium.
Aliphatic group of R1 and R2 is a nonsubstituted alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms and a substituted alkyl group the alkyl of which has 1-18 carbon atoms. The substituents include those mentioned as the substituents on Z.
The aryl group represented by R2 is those having 6-20 carbon atoms, for example a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, etc. The substituents include those mentioned as the substituents on Z. Among them, methyl and substituted methyl groups are preferred. Substituents on the methyl group are preferably an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an aralkyl group.
At least one of the groups represented by R1, R2 and Z has an alkynyl group, an acyl group, a hydrazino group or a hydrazono group, or R1 and R2 combine to form a dihydropyridinium skeleton as a 6-membered ring. These groups may be substituted with the group mentioned as the substituents of the group represented as Z. As the hydrazine group, those having an acyl group or a sulfonyl group as a substituent are preferable.
As the hydrazone group, those having an aliphatic group or an aryl group as a substituent are preferable.
As the acyl group, a formyl group, and an aliphatic or aromatic ketone are preferred.
The alkynyl substituent on R1, R2 or Z preferably includes those having 2-18 carbon atoms, for example an ethynyl group, a propargyl group, a 2-butynyl group, a 1-methylpropargyl group, a 1,1-dimethylpropargyl group, a 3-butynyl group, a 4-pentynyl group, etc.
Further, these groups may be substituted with the group mentioned as substituents on Z. Specific examples include, 3-phenylpropargyl group, 3-methoxycarbonylpropargyl group, 4-methoxy-2-butynyl group and so on.
The compounds wherein at least one of the groups represented by R1, R2 and Z or the substituents on the ring is an alkynyl group or an acyl group, or the compounds wherein R1 and R2 are combined to form a dihydropyridinium skeleton are preferable, and the compounds wherein at least one alkynyl group is contained as the substituents of the groups or ring represented by R1, R2 and Z is most desirable.
Preferred examples of the adsorption-promoting groups are a thioamido group, a mercapto group, and a nitrogen-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group.
The thioamido adsorption-promoting group represented by X1 is a bivalent group represented by ##STR3## and may be a part of the ring structure or non-cyclic thioamido group. Useful thioamido adsorption-promoting group can be selected from those disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,030,925, 4,031,127, 4,080,207, 4,245,037, 4,255,511, 4,266,013 and 4,276,364, and Research Disclosure 151, No. 15162 (November, 1976) and ibid. 176, No. 17626 (December, 1978).
Specific examples of the non-cyclic thioamido groups are a thioureido group, a thiourethane group, dithiocarbamic acid ester group, etc., and specific examples of the cyclic thioamido groups are 4-thiazoline-2-thione, 4-imidazoline-2-thione, 2-thiohydanthoin, rhodanine, thiobarbituric acid, tetrazoline-5-thione, 1,2,4-triazoline-3-thione, 1,3,4-thiadiazoline-5-thione, 1,3,4-oxadiazoline-2-thione, benzimidazoline-2-thione, benzoxazoline-2-thione, benzothiazoline-2-thione, etc. These groups may further be substituted.
The mercapto group of X1 includes both the compounds in which a --SH group is directly bonded to the group represented by R1, R2 or Z and the compounds in which --SH group in bonded to a substituent on the group represented by R1, R2 or Z. After all, the mercapto group includes an aliphatic mercapto group, an aromatic mercapto group and a heterocyclic mercapto group (When the group adjacent to the carbon atom to which a --SH group is bonded is a nitrogen atom, the mercapto group has the same definition as the cyclic thioamido group which is in relation of a tautomer thereof, and examples of this group are the same as those enumerated above).
The nitrogen-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group includes nitrogen-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring consisting of combination of nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and carbon, preferably benzotriazole, triazole, tetrazole, indazole, benzimidazole, imidazole, benzothiazole, thiazole, benzoxazole, oxazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, triazine, etc. These groups may further be substituted with a proper substituent. Such substituent includes those enumerated as the substituents on Z. Preferred nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings are benzotriazole, triazole, tetrazole and indazole, and benzotriazole is best.
The bivalent linking group represented by L1 includes atoms or atomic groups containing at least one of C, N, S and O. Specifically, for example, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, an arylene group, --O--, --S--, --NH--, --N═, --CO--, --SO2 -- (these groups may have a substituent), etc. alone or in combination thereof.
The counter ion Y for electrical charge balance is any negative ion which can countervail positive electrical charge of quaternary ammonium salt in the heterocyclic ring, and includes, for example, a bromide ion, a chloride ion, an iodide ion, a p-toluenesulfonate ion, an ethylsulfonate ion, a perchlorate ion, a trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, a thiocyanate ion, etc. In this case n is 1. When the heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt contain a negatives ion substituent such as a sulfoalkyl substituent, the salt can take a form of a betaine, and in the occasion the counter ion is not necessary and n is 0. When the heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt has two negative ion substituents, for example, two sulfoalkyl groups, Y is positive ionic counter ions and includes, for example, alkali metal ions (sodium ion, potassium ion, etc.), ammonium salts (triethylammonium, etc.) etc.
The following are specific examples of the compounds represented by the general formula (N-I), but the present invention is not limited thereto. ##STR4##
The above-mentioned compounds can be synthesized according to the processes disclosed, for example int he patent cited in Research Disclosure No. 22,534 published in January, 1983, pages 50 to 54, U.S. Pat. No. 4,471,044, etc. or according to the analogous process thereof.
The general formula (N-II) ##STR5## wherein, R21 represents an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group; R22 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group or an amino group; G represents a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfoxy group, a phosphoryl group or an iminomethylene group ##STR6## R23 and R24 are both hydrogen atoms, or one of them represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents any one of an alkylsulfonyl group, an arylsulfonyl group or an acyl group. In this connection, G, R23, R24 and hydrazine nitrogens may form together a hydrazone structure ##STR7## Further, the above-mentioned groups may be substituted with a substituent, if possible.
The aliphatic group represented by R21 in the general formula (N-II) is a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group, alkenyl group or alkynyl group.
The aromatic group represented by R21 includes monocyclic or bicyclic aryl groups, for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, etc.
The heterocyclic rings of R21 are 3- to 10-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic rings containing at least one of N, O and S atoms, and may be monocycles or form condensed ring together with other aromatic rings or heterocyclic rings. Preferred heterocyclis rings include 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic groups, for example, a pyridyl group, a quinolinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, etc.
R21 may have the following substituent which may further be substituted: an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl or aryl group, a substituted amino group, an acylamino group, a sulfonylamino group, an ureido group, an urethane group, an aryloxy group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group, an aryl group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a sulfo group, a carboxyl group, etc. Among them, an ureido group is preferred.
These groups may be combined together to form a ring, if possible.
Preferred R21 groups ae aromatic groups, aromatic heterocyclic rings or aryl-substituted methyl groups, and more desired one is aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphtyl group, etc.
Preferred groups of those represented R22 are, in case of G being a carbonyl group, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 3-hydroxypropyl group, a 3-methansulfonamidopropyl group, etc.), an aralkyl group (for example, o-hydroxybenzyl group, etc.), an aryl group (for example, a phenyl group, a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group, an o-methanesulfonamidophenyl group, a 4-methanesulfonylphenyl group, etc.), etc., and a hydrogen atom is especially preferable.
When G is a sulfonyl group, preferred R22 groups are an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, etc.), an aralkyl group (for example, an o-hydroxyphenylmethyl group, etc.), an aryl group (for example, a phenyl group, etc.), a substituted amino group (for example, a dimethylamino group, etc.), etc.
As the substituent of R22, the substituents enumerated in respect of R21 can be used, and further, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkyl or aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a nitro group, etc. can also be used.
These substituents may further be substituted with these substituents. Further, these groups may be combined together to form a ring, if possible.
It is preferable that R21 or R22, especially R21 contains a diffusion-resistant group in couplers, that is so-called ballast group. The ballast group has 8 or more of carbon atoms and consists of combination of at least one of an alkyl group, a phenyl group, an ether group, an amido group, an ureido group, an urethane group, a sulfonamido group, a thioether group, etc.
R21 or R22 may have a group X2 --(L2)m.spsb.2 -- for promoting adsorption of compounds represented by the general formula (N-II) onto the surface of silver chloride grains. In this connection, X2 has the same meaning as that of X1 in the general formula (N-I), and preferably, is a thioamido group (excluding unsubstituted and substituted thiosemicarbazido), a mercapto group, or a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group. L2 represents a bivalent linking group and has the same meaning as that of L1 in the general formula (N-I). m2 is 0 or 1.
More desired X2 groups are cyclic thioamido groups (that is, a mercapto-substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, for example, a 2-mercaptothiadiazolyl group, a 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazolyl group, a 5-mercaptotetrazolyl group, a 2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl group, a 2-mercaptobenzoxazolyl group, etc.), or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups (for example, a benzotriazole group, a benzimidazole group, a indazole group, etc.).
The particularly preferred R23 and R24 are a hydrogen atom, respectively. The most desired G in the general formula (N-II) is a carbonyl group.
More desired general formula (N-II) is those having an adsorption group onto silver halide. Especially preferred adsorption groups onto silver halide are a mercapto group, a cyclic thioamido group, an ureido group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, as hereinabove described in respect of the general formula (N-I).
Specific examples of the compounds represented by the general formula (N-II) are shown below. However, the present invention should not be limited to the following compounds. ##STR8##
Synthesis of the compounds represented by the general formula (N-II) used in the present invention can be conducted according to processes described, for example, in the patents cited in Research Disclosure No. 15,162 (November, 1976, pages 76-77), ibid. No. 22,534 (January, 1983, pages 50-54) and ibid. No. 23,510 (November, 1983, pages 346-352); U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,080,207, 4,269,924, 4,276,364, 4,278,748, 4,385,108, 4,459,347, 4,478,928 and 4,560,638, U.K. Pat. No. 2,011,391 B and Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 179,734/1985, etc.
Fogging with light in the present invention can be conducted according to the processes described, for example in U.K. Pat. No. 1,151,363, Japanese Published Examined Patent Application Nos. 12710/1970, 12709/1970, and 6936/1983, Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application Nos. 9727/1973, 137350/1981, 129438/1982, 62652/1983, 60739/1983, 70223/1983 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,851) and 120248/1983 (corresponding to European Pat. No. 89101A2).
The following compounds can be used in combination with the nucleating agent for the purpose of raising maximum density, lowering minimum density, accelerating nucleation development, etc. These compounds are hydroquinones (for example, the compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,227,552 and 4,279,987); chromans (for example, the compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,268,621, Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 103031/1979 and Research Disclosure No. 18,264 (1979)); tetrazaindenes, pyrazoles, triazoles, benzotriazoles (for example, those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,572,892); thiadiazoles; pyridazines; triazines; triazolotriazoles; diazaindenes; triazaindenes; pentazaindenes; phthalazinones; indazoles; benzimidazoles; benzothiazoles; benzooctazoles (for example, the compounds disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application Nos. 94221/1978 and 170843/1985); quinones (for example, the compounds disclosed in Research Disclosure No. 21,206 (1981)); amines (for example, the compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,150,993 and Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 174757/1983); oxidizing agents (for example, the compounds disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 260039/1985 and Research Disclosure No. 16,936 (1978)); catechols (for example, the compounds disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application Nos. 21013/1980 and 65944/1980); the compounds which release a nucleating agent upon development (for example, the compounds disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 107029/1985); thioureas (for example, the compounds disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 95533/1985); spirobis-indanes (for example, the compounds disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 65944/1980); mercapto compounds (for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,708,298 and Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 170843/1985); the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 97091/1975 and Research Disclosure No. 15,162 (1976).
Various color forming couplers are used for forming direct positive color image. Useful color forming couplers are compounds which form or release substantially non-diffusible dyes by the coupling reaction with the oxidized products of p-phenylenediamine color developing agents and are themselves substantially non-diffusible. Typical examples of useful color forming couplers are naphthol or phenol compounds, pyrazolone or pyrazoloazole compounds, and open-chained or heterocyclic ketomethylene compounds. Specific examples of these cyan, magenta and yellow couplers used in the present invention are disclosed in the patents cited in Research Disclosure No. 17,643 (published in December, 1978) item VII-D and ibid. No. 18,717 (published in November, 1979).
Typical yellow couplers preferably used in the present invention are 2-equivalent yellow couplers of oxygen atom coupling-off type or nitrogen atom coupling-off type. Above all, α-pivaloylacetanilide couplers are excellent in fastness, especially light fastness of formed dyes, and α-benzoylacetanilide couplers give high color density, and therefore these are preferable.
5-Pyrazolone magenta couplers preferably used in the present invention are 5-pyrazolone couplers having at the 3-position an arylamino group or an acylamino group (especially, 2-equivalent couplers of sulfur atom coupling-off type).
Particularly preferred are pyrazoloazole couplers, especially pyrazolo (5,1-C) (1,2,4) triazoles, and from the point of a low yellow stain and light fastness, imdazo (1,2-b) pyrazoles disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,630 are further desirable and pyrazolo (1,5-b) (1,2,4) triazoles as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,654 are especially preferable.
Cyan couplers used in the present invention are naphthol and phenol couplers disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,474,293 and 4,052,212, and phenol cyan couplers having an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms at meta-position of the phenol skeleton as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,772,002; and moreover, 2,5-diacylamino-substituted phenol couplers are also preferably used from the point of fastness of the dye image.
Colored couplers for correcting unwanted absorption of the dyes formed in short wave length region: couplers that form dyes having appropriate diffusibility; colorless couplers, DIR couplers releasing a development-restraining agent upon coupling reaction, couplers releasing a development-promoting agent upon coupling reaction, polymerized couplers can also be used.
Typical amount of the color couplers used is in the range of 0.001 to 1 moles per mole of light-sensitive silver halide, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 moles for yellow couplers, 0.003 to 0.3 moles for magenta couplers and 0.002 to 0.3 moles for cyan couplers.
These couplers dissolved in an organic solvent of high- and/or low-boiling point are emulsified and dispersed into an aqueous solution of gelatin or other hydrophilic colloid with vigorous agitation using a homogenizer, by mechanical pulverization with a colloid mill, or by an ultrasonic wave, and then are incorporated into emulsion layers. In this case, it is preferred to use the compounds disclosed in pages 440-467 of the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 32462/1986, although it is not always necessary to use a high-boiling solvent.
These couplers can also be dispersed into a hydrophilic colloid by the method disclosed in pages 468-475 of the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 32462/1986.
Further, a color enhancing agent can be used so as to improve coloring property of couplers. Typical examples of such a color enhancing agent are disclosed in pages 374-391 of the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 32462/1986.
Light-sensitive materials used in the present invention may contain, as an anticolorfoggant or a color mixing inhibitor, huydroquinone derivatives, aminophenol derivatives, amines, gallic acid derivatives, catechol derivatives, ascorbic acid derivatives, colorless compound forming couplers, sulfonamidophenol derivatives, etc.
Light-sensitive materials used in the present invention may also contain various decoloration-preventing agents. Typical organic decoloration-preventing agents include hydroquinones, 6-hydroxychromans, 5-hydroxycoumaranes, spirochromans, p-alkoxyphenols, hindered phenols such as mainly bisphenols, gallic acid derivatives, methylenedioxybenzenes, aminophenols, hindered amines, and ether or ester derivatives of these compounds obtained by silylation or alkylation of a phenolic hydroxl group of them. Further, metal complexes represented by a (bissalicylaldoxymato) nickel complex and a (bis-N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamato) nickel complex may also be used.
Compounds having both partial structures of hindered amine and hindered phenol such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,268,593 give good results for prevention of deterioration of yellow dye images by heat, humidity and light. Further, for prevention of deterioration, especially deterioration by light of magenta dye images, spiroindanes disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 159644/1981 and chromans substituted with hydroquinone diether or monoether give preferred results. These compounds are emulsified together with color couplers respectively corresponding thereto usually in an amount of 5 to 100 wt.% based on the couplers, and added to the light-sensitive layers, whereby the desired purpose can be attained. For prevention of deterioration of cyan dye images by heat and light, especially by light, it is effective to introduce a UV absorbant in the layers of both sides adjacent to cyan color forming layer. Further, the UV absorbant can also be added to a hydrophilic colloidal layer such as a protective layer.
Advantageous bonding agent or protective colloid as can be used in an emulsion layer or an intermediate layer of light-sensitive materials of the present invention is gellatin, but other hydrophilic colloid can also be used.
Light-sensitive materials of the present invention may contain dyes for prevention of irradiation or halation, plasticizers, fluorescent whiteners, matting agents, aerial fogging-preventing agent, coating aids, hardening agents, antistatic agents, sliding property-improving agents, etc. Typical examples of these agents are disclosed in Research Disclosure No. 17,643 (published in December, 1978) and ibid. 18716 (published in November, 1979).
The present invention can be applied to multi-layered multi-color photographic materials having at least two different spectral sensitivity on a substrate. Multi-layered color photographic materials generally have at least one of each layers of red-sensitive emulsion layers, green-sensitive emulsion layers and blue-sensitive emulsion layers, on a substrate. The order of these layers can be determined freely according to the necessity. Preferred order of the layer arrangement is red-sensitive, green-sensitive and blue-sensitive from the support side, or blue-sensitive, red-sensitive and green-sensitive from the support side. The afore-mentioned each emulsion layer may consists of two or more different emulsion layers, or a non-light-sensitive layer may exist between two or more emulsion layers having the same sensitivity. Usually, cyan-forming couplers, magenta-forming couplers and yellow-forming couplers are respectively introduced in the red-sensitive emulsion layer, green-sensitive emulsion layer and blue-sensitive emulsion layer, but other combination is possible, if necessary.
Light-sensitive materials of the present invention are preferable to have in addition to the silver halide emulsion layers an auxiliary layer such as a protective layer, an intermediate layer, a filter layer, an antihalation layer, a back layer, a white-reflecting layer, etc. according to the necessity.
In photographic light-sensitive materials of the present invention, photographic emulsion layer and the other layers are coated on a flexible support such as plastic films, papers, cloths, etc. as usually used in photographic light-sensitive materials, or on a rigid substrate such as glasses, chinas, metals, etc. Useful flexible support include films consisting of semi-synthetic or synthetic polymers such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, etc.; baryta layers; or papers wherein an α-olefin polymer (such as polyethylene, polypropylene, a copolymer of ethylene/butane), etc. is coated or laminated thereon. The support may be colored with a dye or pigment. The substrate may be bleackened for the purpose of light-shielding. The surface of these support is in general undercoated for improving adhesiveness with the photographic emulsion layers, etc. The support surface may be treated by glow discharge, corona discharge, UV irradiation, flame treatment, etc. before or after the undercoating.
Coating of the silver halide photographic emulsion layers and the other hydrophilic colloidal layers can be conducted according to various known method such as a dip coating method, a roller coating method, a curtain coating method, an extrusion coating method, etc.
The present invention is applicable to various color light-sensitive materials, typically for example, color reversal films and color reversal papers for slides or televisions, etc. The present invention can also be applied to color hard copy for preserving images of full color copying machines or CRT. The present invention can also be applied to black-and-white light-sensitive materials which are utilizing mixing of couplers of three colors and disclosed in Research Disclosure No. 17123 (published in July, 1978) and the like.
The present invention can also be applied to black-and-white light-sensitive materials utilizing silver images. Such black-and-white light-sensitive materials include photographic light-sensitive materials for black-and-white direct positives, for example, X-ray light-sensitive materials, duplicate light-sensitive materials, micro light-sensitive materials, light-sensitive materials for photocomposition, printing light-sensitive materials, etc. as disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application Nos. 208540/1984 and 260039/1985.
Various known developing agents are usable for development of light-sensitive materials of the present invention. That is, polyhydroxybenzenes such as hydroquinone, 2-chlorohydroquinone, 2-methylhydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, etc.; aminophenols such as p-aminophenol, N-methyl-p-aminophenol, 2,4-diaminophenol, etc.; 3-pyrazolidone such as 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, 1-phenyl-4,4'-dimethyl-3-pyrazolidone, 1-phenyl-4-methyl-4-hydroxymethyl-3-pyrazolidone, 5,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, etc.; ascorbic acid, and so on are usable alone or in combination. Developing solution as disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 55939/1983 can also be used. The proper pH of the developing solution is 9 to 13, preferably 10 to 11.5.
The color developing solution used in the present invention for developing process of light-sensitive materials is a so-called surface developer, which does not substantially contain a solvent for silver halide, and is preferably an aqueous alkaline solution containing an aromatic primary amine color developing agent as a main component. The phrase "not substantially contain a solvent for silver halide" means that the surface developer may contain a small amount of a solvent for silver halide so long as it does not spoil the purpose of the invention.
Though aminophenol compounds are usable as the color developing agent, p-phenylenediamine compounds are preferably used therefor and as the typical examples thereof, 3-methyl-4-amino-N,N-diethylaniline, 3-methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N-β-hydroxyethylaniline, 3-methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N-β-methanesulfonamidoethylaniline, 3-methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N-β-methoxyethylaniline, and sulfate, hydrochloride, phosphate, p-toluensulfonate, tetraphenylborate, p-(t-octyl)benzenesulfonic acid, etc. of these compounds, etc. are mentioned. These diamines are more stable in a salt state than in a free state in general. The color developing agent is generally used in a concentration of about 0.1 g to about 30 g, generally about 1 g to about 15 g per 1 l of the color developing solution. Further, the color developing solution is used usually at a pH of 7 or more, most generally at a pH of about 9 to about 13. Preferably, the pH range is 11.5 or less, especially 11.0 or less. Further, with respect to the color developing solution, it is also possible to decrease the amount of a replenisher by using an auxiliary solution wherein the concentration of halides, a color developing agent, etc. is adjusted.
The color developing agent may contain a particular antifoggant and a developing restrainer. Alternatively, these additive agents for a developing solution may optionally be introduced in the construction layers of the photographic light-sensitive material. Useful antifoggants include heterocyclic compounds such as tetrazaindenes, benzindazoles, benzotriazoles, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles and 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazoles; aromatic and aliphatic mercapto compounds, etc. Some of these additive agents not only restrain fog, but also promote the development to increase the maximum image concentration (Dmax).
Color developing process of the present invention is usually carried out for a time of 5 minutes or less, preferably for a time of 2 minutes and 30 seconds or less for promotion of the process. Preferred processing time is 30 seocnds-2 minutes. Generally, it is better that the color developing is carried out in a shorter time so long as the adequate color density is obtained.
From the viewpoint of prevention of pollution, ease of preparing the color developing solution, and improvement of preservation and stability of the solution, it is preferred that the color developing solution used in the present invention does not contain benzyl alcohol substantially. In this connection, the phrase "does not contain benzyl alcohol substantially" means that a benzyl alcohol is contained in a concentration of 2 ml/l or less, preferably 0.5 ml/l or less, and particularly is not contained at all.
The silver halide light-sensitive material of the present invention may contain color developing agents or precursors thereof in view of simplication and rapidity of the process. In this connection, the precursors are preferred in view of increase of stability of the light-sensitive material. Specific examples of such developing agent precursors are indoaniline compounds, Schiff base-type compounds, aldol compounds, urethane compounds, etc.
The silver halide color light-sensitive materials of the present invention may contain various 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidones for promotion of color development.
The color developing solution of the present invention may contain a pH buffer, preservatives, or metal chelate compound disclosed in pages 14 to 22 of the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 23462/1986. Further, a halide ion such as a bromide ion, an iodide ion, etc. and competing couplers such as citrazinic acid may be contained therein.
The photographic emulsion layers after the color development are usually subjected to bleaching treatment. The bleaching treatment can be carried out by simple bath bleach-fixing (blix) where bleaching and fixing are simultaneously carried out, or by two bath (bleaching and fixing) treatment. In view of rapidity of the treatment, either a method where the bleach-fixing treatment is conducted after the bleaching treatment, or a method where the bleach-fixing treatment is conducted after the fixing treatment can also be adopted.
As the bleaching agents used for the bleaching treatment or bleach-fixing treatment, organic complex salts of iron and persulfate are preferable in view of rapid treatment and environmental pollution.
As the organic complex salts of iron (III), iron (III) complex salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, 1,2-diaminopropanetetraacetic acid, methyliminodiacetic acid, 1,3-diaminopropanetetraacetic acid, glycoletherdiaminetetraacetic acid are preferable as they have high bleaching abilities.
Preferred persulfates include alkali metal persulfates such as potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, etc.; ammonium persulfate and the like.
The amount of the bleaching agent used per 1 of the bleaching solution is properly 0.1 to 2 moles. Preferred pH range of the bleaching solution is 0.5 to 8.0 in case of ferric ion complex salts, especially 4.0 to 7.0 in case of ferric ion complex salts of aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminopolyphosphonic acids, phosphonocarboxylic acids and organic phosphonic acids. When persulfate salts are used, the concentration of 0.1 to 2 moles/l and the pH rane of 1 to 5 are preferable.
Fixing agents used for the fixing or bleach-fixing are known fixing agents, and include water-soluble silver halide-dissolving agents, for example thiosulfate such as sodium thiosulfate and ammonium thiosulfate; thiocyanate such as sodium thiocyanate and ammonium thiocyanate; thioether compounds such as ethylenebisthioglycolic acid and 3,6-dithia-1,8-octanediol; thioureas and the like. These fixing agents can be used alone or in combination.
In case of the fixing treatment or bleach-fixing treatment, fixing agent is preferably used in a concentration of 0.2 to 4 moles/l. In case of the bleach-fixing treatment, preferably ferric ion complex salt and fixing agent are used in a concentration of 0.1 to 2 moles and 0.2 to 4 moles per 1 l of the bleach-fixing solution, respectively. The preferred pH range of the fixing a bleach-fixing solution is usually 4.0 to 9.0, especially 5.0 to 8.0.
The fixing solution or bleach-fixing solution may contain, in addition to the aforesaid additive agents as can be added to the bleaching solution, preservatives such as sulfites (e.g., sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite), bisulfites, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, bisulfite addition aldehyde compounds (e.g., acetaldehyde sodium bisulfite), etc. Further, various fluorescent whiteners, defoaming agents, surfactants and organic solvents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and methanol may be contained therein.
Bleach accelerators can be used, if necessary, in the bleaching solution, bleach-fixing solution and pre-baths of them. Specific examples of the useful bleach accelerators are compounds having a mercapto group or a disulfido group, thiazolidine derivatives, thiourea derivatives, iodide, polyethylene oxides, polyamines, etc. Further, the compounds disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application Nos. 42434/1974, 59644/1974, 94927/1978, 35727/1979, 26506/1980 and 163940/1983 and iodide and bromide ions may also be used therefor. Above all, the compounds having a mercapto group or disulfido group are preferably in view of strong accelerating effect, and especially the compounds as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,893,858, West Germany Pat. No. 1,290,812 and Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 95630/1978 are preferable. Further, the compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,552,834 are also preferable. These bleach accelerators may be added to the light-sensitive material.
Processing steps such as water washing and stabilizing process are generally carried out after the fixing step or bleach-fixing step.
In the water washing step or stabilizing step, various known compounds may be used for prevention of precipitation and stabilization of washing water. For exmaple, inorganic phosphoric acid; chelating agents such as aminopolycarboxylic acids and organic phosphonic acids; bacteriocides or antimold agents (for example, the compounds disclosed in J. Antibact. Antifung, Agents vol. 11, No. 5, p 207-223 (1983) and the compounds disclosed in "Boukin Boubai no Kagaku" (Chemistry for antibacterial and antifungal purpose) written by Hiroshi Horiguchi); metal salts represented by magnesium salts, alminum salts and bismuth salts; alkali metal salts; ammonium salts, surfactants for preventing load for dying and unevenness; etc. may be added, if necessary. The compounds disclosed "Phot. Sci. Eng." written by L. E. West, vol. 6, pages 344-359 (1965), etc. may also be added. Addition of a chelating agent, a bacteriocide or an antimold is especially effective.
The water washing process is usually carried out in a multi-step counterflow manner consisting of 2 or more baths (e.g. 2 to 9 baths) to save the amount of washing water. Otherwise, multi-step counterflow stabilization process as disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 8543/1982 may be carried out instead of the water washing process. In the stabilizing bath, various compounds other than the aforesaid additives are added for the purpose of stabilizing the image. For instance, various buffers for adjusting the pH of the membrane (e.g., to pH 3 to 9) such as borates, metaborates, borax, phosphates, carbonates, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids in combination, and aldehydes such as formalin are mentioned as typical examples. In addition, various additives such as chelating agents (e.g., inorganic phosphoric acid, aminopolycarboxylic acids, organic phosphonic acids, aminopolyphosphonic acids and hosphonocarboxylic acid), bacteriocides, antimolds (e.g., thiazoles, isothiazoles, halogenated phenols, sulfanylamide and benzotriazole), surfactants, fluorescent whiteners and hardening metal salts may also be used. Two or more of these compounds for the same or different purpose may be used in combination.
Further, addition of various ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfite and ammonium thiosulfate as a pH adjusting agent after the processing is preferred for improving preservability of the image.
The period of time of the water washing and the stabilization according to the present invention depend upon a type of light-sensitive materials to be processed and process conditions, and is usually 20 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
Each of the process solutions is used at a temperature of from 10� to 50� C., typically from 33� to 38� C. However, a higher temperature may be used to facilitate the process and to shorten the time period of the process. In contrast, a lower temperature may also be used to improve the quality of the image and the stability of the processing solution.
Further, if necessary, each of the time periods of the processes may be shortened for quickening the processing in a range where no serious disadvantage takes place.
In case of a continuous process, a replenisher of each processing solution is used to prevent changes in the composition of the solution, whereby constant finished properties are obtained.
Each treatment bath may be provided with a heater, temperature sensor, level sensor, circulation pump, filter, various floating covers, and various squeezees.
Emulsion A
First, 30 g of gelatin was dissolved in 1 l of a mixture of 0.5 moles/l KBr, 0.2 moles/l NaCl and 0.0015 moles/l KI, and then, 700 cc of 1 mole/l silver nitrate was added thereto at 60� C. over a period of 20 minutes, and physical ripening was conducted for additional 20 minutes. Water-soluble halide was removed by water washing, 20 g of gelatin was added thereto, and then water was added thereto to make a total volume to 1200 cc to obtain an emulsion having an average grain size of 0.4 μm. 500 cc of 1 mole/l aqueous silver nitrate solution and 500 cc of 2 moles/l aqueous sodium chloride solution were simultaneously added to 300 cc of the emulsion to precipitate silver chloride shells, and the precipitate was washed with water to obtain the emulsion A having an average grain size of 0.7 μm.
Emulsion B
An aqueous potassium bromide solution and an aqueous silver nitrate solution were simultaneously added to an aqueous gelatin solution containing 3,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazoline-2-thione in an amount of 0.3 g per 1 mole of silver with vigorous stirring at 75� C. over a period of about 20 minutes to obtain a silver bromide emulsion containing monodispersed octahedral silver bromide grains having an average grain size of 0.4 μm. There were added to the emulsion sodium thiosulfate and chloroauric acid tetrahydrate in an amount of 6 mg per 1 mole of silver, and the mixture was held at 75� C. for 80 minutes to carry out chemical sensitization process. The thus obtained silver bromide grains were used as core and processed for 40 minutes in the same precipitation environment as in the first process to grow, and finally to obtain a silver bromide emulsion containing monodispersed octahedral core/shell silver bromide grains having an average grain size of 0.7 μm (coefficient of variation 13%). After the emulsion was washed with water and desalted, there were added sodium thiosulfate and chloroauric acid tetrahydrate in a respective amount of 1.5 mg per 1 mole of silver. The mixture was held at 60� C. for 60 minutes to carry out chemical sensitization process to obtain an internal latent image type silver halide emulsion B.
A color photographic light-sensitive material having the layer compositions shown in Table 1 was prepared on a paper support, both surfaces of which is laminated with polyethylene. The coating solutions were prepared as follows.
Preparation of the first layer coating solution:
First, 10 ml of ethyl acetate and 4 ml of a solvent (g) were added to 10 g of a magenta coupler (e) and 6.5 g of a dye image-stabilizing agent (f) to make a solution. The solution was emulsified and dispersed in 90 ml of 10% aqueous gelatin solution containing 5 ml of 10% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. On the other hand, a green-sensitive dye (shown below) in an amount of 2.0�10-4 moles per 1 mole of silver was added to the above-mentioned emulsion A to prepare 90 g of a green-sensitive emulsion. The emulsion-dispersion liquid and the emulsion were mixed to make a solution, gelatin was added thereto to adjust the concentration so as to make the composition shown in Table 1, and further, a nucleating agent was added thereto to prepare the coating solution for the first layer.
The coating solutions for the second and third layers were prepared in the same manner as in the first layer coating solution. Sodium salt of 1-oxy-3,5-dichloro-s-triazine was used as a gelatin-hardening agent in each layer.
TABLE 1______________________________________Layer Main component Amount used______________________________________The 3rd layer Gelatin 1.33 g/m2(Protective Acryl-modified polyvinyl 0.17 g/m2layer) alcohol copolymer (Modification degree 17%)The 2nd layer Gelatin 1.60 g/m2(UV absorption Colloidal silver 0.10 g/m2layer) UV absorbant (h) 1.70 � 10-4 moles/m2 Color mixing inhibitor (i) 1.60 � 10-4 moles/m2 Solvent (j) 0.24 g/m2The 1st layer Emulsion A (silver:) 0.17 g/m2(Green- Gelatin 1.56 g/m2sensitive Magenta coupler (e) 3.38 � 10-4layer) moles/m2 Color image-stabilizing 0.19 g/m2 agent (f) Solvent (g) 0.59 g/m2 Nucleating agent (n) (shown in Table 3)Support Polyethylene-laminated paper (A white pig- ment (TiO2, etc.) and a bluish dye (ultramarine, etc.) are contained in the polyethylene of the 1st layer.)______________________________________
The thus prepared direct position type silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material Nos. 1 to 15 were subjected to imagewise exposure through an optical wedge at 250 CMS for 1/10 seconds, and development was conducted according to eitehr Process step A or Process step B. In the process, light of 0.5 luxes (color temperature 5400 K.) was continuously irradiated on each of the light-sensitive materials for 10 seconds from 15 seconds after the development initiation. The process step was as follows.
______________________________________Process step Time Amount of (minutes) Temperature replenisher______________________________________Color developmentA: 2.5 33� C. 350 ml/m2B: 3.5Bleach fixing 1.5 33� C. 100 ml/m2Stabilization (1) 1 33� C. --Stabilization (2) 1 33� C. --Stabilization (3) 1 33� C. 200 ml/m2______________________________________
Stabilizing was carried out according to a so-called counterflow replenishment method in which the replenisher was first introduced to the stabilizing bath (3), the overflowed solution from the stabilizing bath (3) was introduced to the stabilizing bath (2), and the overflowed solution from the stabilizing bath (2) was introduced to the stabilizing bath (1).
______________________________________Color developing solution Mother liquor Replenisher______________________________________Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 2.0 g 2.0 gBenzyl alcohol 12.8 g 14.0 gDiethylene glycol 3.4 g 4.0 gSodium sulfite 2.0 g 2.0 gSodium bromide 0.26 g 0.26 gHydroxylamine sulfate 2.60 g 3.3 gSodium chloride 3.20 g --3-Methyl-4-amino-N--ethyl-N--(β- 4.25 g 6.25 gmethanesulfonamidoethyl)-anilinePotassium carbonate 30.0 g 25.0 gFluorescent whitener 1.0 g 1.5 g(Stilbene type)Water to 1000 ml 1000 mlpH 10.20 10.40______________________________________
The pH was adjusted with potassium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid.
______________________________________(Bleach-fixing solution) Mother liquor Replenisher______________________________________Ammonium thiosulfate 110 g Same as mother liquorSodium bisulfite 10 gFerric ammonium diethylene 56 gtriaminepentaacetate monohydrateDisodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 5 gdihydrate2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4- 5 � 10-3thiadiazole molWater to 1000 mlpH 6.5______________________________________
The pH was adjusted with aqueous ammonia or hydrochloric acid.
______________________________________(Stabilizing solution) Mother liquor Replenisher______________________________________1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1'-diphosphonic 1.6 g Same asacid (60%) mother liquorBismuth chloride 0.35 gPolyvinylpyrolidone 0.25 gAqueous ammonia 2.5 mlTrisodium nitrilotriacetate 1.0 g5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin- 50 mg3-one2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 50 mgFluorescent whitener (4,4'- 1.0 gdiaminostilbene type)Water to 1000 mlpH 7.5______________________________________
The pH was adjusted with potassium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid.
The magenta color density of the thus obtained color image was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ Amount added per 1 mole of Nucleating silver halide 33� C. 2.5 minutes 33� C. 3.5 minutesSample agent (mg) Dmax Dmin Dmax Dmin__________________________________________________________________________1 12 80 2.2 0.10 2.3 0.11 Present invention2 12 40 2.1 0.10 2.3 0.11 Present invention3 9 30 2.3 0.09 2.3 0.11 Present invention4 9 10 2.2 0.09 2.3 0.11 Present invention5 20 5 2.2 0.10 2.2 0.11 Present invention6 20 13 2.1 0.10 2.2 0.11 Present invention7 50 10 2.0 0.10 2.1 0.11 Present invention8 50 5 1.9 0.10 2.1 0.11 Present invention9 41 300 1.9 0.10 2.1 0.11 Present invention10 41 100 1.8 0.10 2.0 0.11 Present invention11 39 300 2.2 0.10 2.2 0.11 Present invention12 39 100 2.0 0.10 2.2 0.11 Present invention13 65 10 1.8 0.10 2.1 0.11 Present invention14 65 5 1.6 0.10 2.1 0.11 Present invention15 None 1.0 0.10 1.9 0.11 Comparative example__________________________________________________________________________
Sample Nos. 1 to 14 which contain the nucleating agent of the present invention, were high in the maximum density and low in the change in the maximum density when developing time changes, as compared with the case of the sample No. 15 which does not contain the nucleating agent of the present invention, and thus the sample Nos. 1 to 14 were preferable.
The color photographic light-sensitive material Nos. 16 to 23 having the layer compositions shown in Table 4 were prepared and processed in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the magenta image density was measured. The sample Nos. 24 to 34 were prepared respectively in the same manner as in Sample Nos. 16 to 22 except that light fogging process was not conducted, and the magenta image density of Sample Nos. 24 to 34 was measured. In this connection, the same nucleating agent was added to the red-sensitive layer, green-sensitive layer and blue-sensitive layer in the same amount, respectively. The result are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________ Amount added per 1 mole of Nucleating silver halide 33� C. 2.5 minutes 33� C. 3.5 minutesSample agent (mg) Dmax Dmin Dmax Dmin__________________________________________________________________________16 12 80 2.4 0.12 2.5 0.13 Present invention17 9 30 2.5 0.12 2.5 0.13 Present invention18 20 5 2.3 0.12 2.4 0.13 Present invention19 50 10 2.4 0.12 2.5 0.13 Present invention20 41 300 2.2 0.12 2.5 0.13 Present invention21 65 10 2.3 0.12 2.5 0.13 Present invention22 39 300 2.3 0.12 2.5 0.13 Present invention23 None -- 1.3 0.12 2.2 0.13 Comparative example24 12 80 1.5 0.10 1.7 0.10 Comparative example25 9 30 1.6 0.10 1.8 0.10 Comparative example26 20 5 1.4 0.10 1.7 0.10 Comparative example27 50 10 0.3 0.10 0.8 0.10 Comparative example28 41 300 0.4 0.10 0.6 0.10 Comparative example29 65 10 0.3 0.10 0.7 0.10 Comparative example30 39 300 0.3 0.10 0.3 0.10 Comparative example__________________________________________________________________________
In both Sample No. 23 which does not contain the nucleating agent and Sample Nos. 24 to 30 to which the light fogging process was not applied, the maximum density was lower than Sample No. 16 to 22 of the present invention.
TABLE 4______________________________________Layer Main component Amount used______________________________________The 7th layer Gelatin 1.33 g/m2(Protective Acryl-modified polyvinyl 0.17 g/m2layer) alcohol copolymer (Modification degree 17%)The 6th layer Gelatin 0.54(UV absorbing UV absorbant (h) 5.10 � 10-4layer) mol/m2 Solvent (j) 0.08The 5th layer Emulsion B (silver) 0.40 g/m2(Blue- Gelatin 1.35 g/m2sensitive Yellow coupler (k) 0.91 � 10-4layer mol/m2 Color image-stabilizing 0.13 g/m2 agent (l) Solvent (m) 0.02 g/m2 Nucleating agent (shown in Table 3)The 4th layer Gelatin 1.60 g/m2(UV-absorbing Colloidal silver 0.10 g/m2layer) UV absorbant (k) 1.70 � 10-4 mol/m2 Color mixing inhibitor (i) 1.60 � 10-4 mol/m2 Solvent (j) 0.24 g/m2The 3rd layer Emulsion B (silver) 0.17 g/m2(Green- Gelatin 1.56 g/m2sensitive Magenta coupler (e) 3.38 � 10-4layer) mol/m2 Color image-stabilizing 0.19 g/m2 agent (f) Solvent (g) 0.59 g/m2 Nucleating agent (shown in Table 3)The 2nd layer Gelatin 0.90 g/m2(color mixing- Color mixing inhibitor (d) 2.33 � 10-4inhibiting mol/m2layer)The 1st layer Emulsion B (silver) 0.39 g/m2(Red-sensitive Gelatin 0.90 g/m2layer) Cyan coupler (a) 7.05 � 10-4 mol/m2 Color image-stabilizing 5.20 � 10-4 agent (b) mol/m2 Solvent (c) 0.22 g/m2 Nucleating agent (shown in Table 3)Substrate Polyethylene-laminated paper (A white pigment (TiO2, etc.) and a bluish dye (ultramarine, etc.) are contained in the polyethylene of the 1st layer.______________________________________
Sample No. 15 prepared in Example 1, which does not contain a nucleating agent was processed in the same manner as in Example 1, using the following four developing solutions.
(1) The same developing solution as used in Example 1
(2) The developing solution obtained by adding 1 g/l of phenylhydrazine to the solution of (1)
(3) The developing solution obtained by adding 5 g/l of carbazinic acid to the solution of (1)
(4) The developing solution obtained by adding 0.1 g/l of the nucleating agent (9) to the solution of (1)
The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________ Developing Light fogging 33� C. 2.5 minutes 33� C. 3.5 minutesSample agent process Dmax Dmin Dmax Dmin__________________________________________________________________________31 (1) No 0.10 0.10 1.9 0.11 Comparative example32 (1) Yes 1.0 0.10 1.9 0.11 Comparative example33 (2) No 1.2 0.10 1.9 0.11 Comparative example34 (2) Yes 1.2 0.10 1.8 0.11 Comparative example35 (3) No 1.3 0.10 2.0 0.11 Comparative example36 (3) Yes 1.3 0.10 1.9 0.11 Comparative example37 (4) No 1.0 0.10 2.0 0.11 Comparative example38 (4) Yes 1.7 0.10 2.1 0.11 Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
It is seen that even when the nucleating agent exists in the developing solution, the light-fogging process increases the maximum density remarkably. Further, it is seen that the development progresses in a short time by use of the nucleating agent described above.
The same procedures as those in Example 1 was conducted except that the intensity of radiation of light fogging was changed from 0.5 lux to 0.1 lux.
The results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6______________________________________Nu- Amount 2.5 3.5Sam- cleating added 33� C. minutes 33� C. minutesple agent (mg) Dmax Dmin Dmax Dmin______________________________________39 12 80 2.0 0.10 2.1 0.1140 9 30 2.1 0.09 2.1 0.1141 20 5 2.0 0.10 2.0 0.1142 50 10 1.8 0.10 1.9 0.1143 41 300 1.7 0.10 1.9 0.1144 39 300 2.0 0.10 2.0 0.1145 65 10 1.6 0.10 1.9 0.1146 None -- 0.50 0.10 1.1 0.10______________________________________
It is seen from Table 6 that the latitude for expose amount is enlarged by using light fogging and the nucleating agent together.
The sensitizing dyes used in the above example are as follows.
Blue-sensitive emulsion layer; ##STR9##
Green-sensitive emulsion layer; ##STR10##
Red-sensitive emulsion layer; ##STR11##
The following dyes were used as irradiation-preventing dyes in each of the emulsion layers.
Green-sensitive emulsion layer; ##STR12##
Red-sensitive emulsion layer; ##STR13##
The chemical structures of the compounds such as couplers used in the present example are as follows.
(k) Yellow coupler ##STR14##
(l) Color image stabilizing agent ##STR15##
(m) Solvent
(iso C9 H19 O)3 --P═O
(d) Color mixing inhibitor ##STR16##
(e) Magenta coupler ##STR17##
(f) Color image-stabilizing agent ##STR18##
(g) Solvent
The mixture of ##STR19## in the weight ratio of 2:1
(h) UV absorbant
The mixture of ##STR20## in the molar ratio of 1:5:3
(i) Color mixing inhibitor ##STR21##
(j) Solvent
(iso C9 H19 O)3 --P═O
(a) Cyan coupler
The mixture of ##STR22## in the molar ratio of 1:1
(b) Color image-stabilizing agent
The mixture of ##STR23## in the molar ratio of 3:3:3
(c) Solvent
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 24, 1967
|Feb 23, 1971
|Agfa Gevaert Nv
|Photographic processing liquids and method of producing photographic images
|Jun 28, 1976
|Jun 13, 1978
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Direct positive silver halide photographic materials
|Dec 9, 1976
|Sep 19, 1978
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Internal latent image silver halide emulsion containing a heterocyclic quaternary salt having a propargyl or a butyryl containing substituent
|Oct 25, 1979
|Jan 13, 1981
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Direct positive silver halide light-sensitive material
|Apr 4, 1979
|Mar 10, 1981
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Direct positive silver halide light-sensitive material
|Jun 6, 1980
|Oct 13, 1981
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Direct positive silver halide light-sensitive material
|Apr 16, 1980
|Apr 13, 1982
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Process for developing a silver halide emulsion
|Jun 8, 1981
|Nov 9, 1982
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Formation of black-and-white silver-containing negative images by a diffusion transfer process
|Nov 17, 1981
|Feb 22, 1983
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Direct positive silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
|Sep 30, 1982
|Apr 24, 1984
|Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.
|Method for forming a direct positive color image
|Oct 11, 1984
|Sep 10, 1985
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Method of processing a direct positive silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 14, 1987
|Aug 14, 1990
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Direct positive photographic materials and a method of forming direct positive images
|May 31, 1988
|Sep 11, 1990
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Method for forming a direct positive color image
|Aug 15, 1989
|Feb 19, 1991
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Direct positive image forming method
|Sep 16, 1988
|Jan 7, 1992
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Method for forming a color positive having improved color reproduction
|Jul 15, 1996
|Nov 25, 1997
|Agfa-Gevaert. N.V.
|Method for making negative lith images direct positive images
|U.S. Classification
|430/378, 430/409, 430/410
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 8, 1988
Owner name: FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD., 210 NAKANUMA, MINAMI-AS
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Pamela Love Levitation Lariat in Yellow Gold with Moonstone and Iolite
Pamela Love Levitation Lariat in Yellow Gold with Moonstone and Iolite
Yellow Gold Levitation Lariat by Pamela Love, featuring Moonstone and Iolite. Yellow gold plate over sterling silver, handmade in NYC. Measurements: 18" chain length, " drop length
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12 June 2010
When I Twish And Shout, it makes the Girl say "What Goes On?", and than I say, "I do this Here, There and Everywhere", and than she finishes by saying "Honey Don't".
12 November 2009
3 April 2010
14 April 2010
skye said:
It's been a few years since I took French. It doesn't come up much in Arizona.
Parlez-vous espanol?
12 November 2009
14 December 2009
Zig said:
That's an interesting take on it.
I have always viewed 12BO to be a glorified jam session. George Martin said that the Beatles jam sessions "were usually not very good". If they did more work (a lot more work) on it, I guess it could have been included on the album.
As for RFYL being the weakest song on the album, let me turn your attention to What Goes On.
WGO is my second-least favourite! (And I sometimes think it's probably my REAL least-fave if I'm being honest, but I tend to bump it up a notch because, y'know, it's Ringo. And they couldn't very well scrap a Ringo spotlight in favour of an instrumental.) (Although they kinda did so anyways on "Magical Mystery Tour".) But yeah, 12BO needed a lot of work before it could be musically worthy of being included on Rubber Soul (let alone some kinda grand climax)
One day, a tape-op got a tape on backwards, he went to play it, and it was all "Neeeradno-undowarrroom" and it was "Wow! Sounds Indian!"
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Patrick Van Amburgh
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About Patrick Van Amburgh
Patrick Van Amburgh is an athlete, coach, and certified guidance counselor in the state of New York. A graduate of Springfield College in Massachusetts, Patrick Van Amburgh has worked in a variety of capacities as a counselor and an educator.
Patrick Van Amburgh earned a Bachelor of Science and Master of Education, both in Psychology. He worked as Guidance Counselor at Palmer High School, where he counseled students in selecting appropriate courses and served as a mediator between students, parents, and teachers. He also helped high school juniors and seniors prepare for their future by selecting a college, major, and career path. He was a member of the school's Crisis Team and actively involved in the Individualized Education Program and 504 teams, aimed at assisting students with disabilities. He also coached baseball and football, and his junior varsity football team enjoyed an undefeated season.
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Most recently, Patrick Van Amburgh was employed by Wallkill Senior High School as its In-School Suspension Teacher. In this capacity, he worked with students who had been temporarily suspended from school due to minor offenses. His supervision allowed them to stay in stride with their classmates while also providing a safe environment and a forum in which to address their behavioral concerns. At Wallkill, he again coached football and helped lead his team to a Section IX title and a spot in the state playoff game.


text:
Oh right. I've been in the forums here for a long time and always enjoy following the build threads. So I guess it is my time to share my build.
I only work in my RC's during the weekends so it may take a while to update the forum here.
I have bought my first electric rustler aprox 6 year ago. Since then I bought at least 4 or 5 Rustler VXL that I ended up putting some upgrades and later selling (so I can move to my next project). Currently I have a fairly upgraded Rustler and a roller. I decided to go all out with new parts and use some few parts I have in one of my other trucks and build the ultimate Rustler.
Here is the list of what I got so far:
- FLM Chassis (std not the extended) - $60
- FLM Transmission Case - $56
- FLM Upper Chassis - $31
- STRC Front Shock Tower - $19
- STRC Rear Shock Tower - $22
- STRC Bulkhead - $22
- MMP ESC + 4600kV Motor - $196
- SAVOX Servo 1258TG - $71
- AKA 17mm adapters - $36
- DX3S Rx/Tx - $200 (will soon upgrade to the DX4S to test how the AVC work)
- GRP tires - $49
- Traxxas Al Belcrank - $30
- Traxxas Rear Al Carrier - $27
- Traxxas Turnbuckle / Steering link - $17
- Traxxas Camber Turnbuckle - $11
- Traxxas Wheelie bar - $10
- Traxxas Al wheelie bar rim + rubber tires - $19
- Traxxas Al Caster Block - $17
- Traxxas Al Steering Block - $25
- Traxxas Big Bore Shocks - $56
- Traxxas Custom ProGraphix body - $40
- Boca Bearings Ceramic yellow seal kit - $80
- RCScrewZ SS hardware kit - $28
- RPM Gear Cover - $6
- RPM Wide Bumper - $6
- RPM A-Arm front - $10
- RPM A-Arm rear - $10
- Race Edge Al Washers - $8
- MIP Heavy Duty Axle - $60
Total so far: $1222 (I was hoping to be under $1000)
Some prices are for reference only as I am taking from one of my trucks but most parts were bought new.
I will soon upload some pics of the parts.
Not enough space here
I have never ever built an rc car from the ground up, I have always bought an rtr. It's more expensive to do it this way but it's kind of like you order it to your liking but you spend way more money, but I would like to build an rc from the ground up, but that's a project for me later in life cause I am only 15, so yeah
Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
Last edited by Spencer911; 03-01-2014 at 05:23 PM.
Yes it is more expensive. If you think it will cost me more than 2 XO-1 RTR to build this Rusty but it will be unique. There is not much logic about the hobby anyway.....
Not enough space here
Nice list you got there.
You might need a separate BEC with that servo and the MMP...
Sent from Tapatalkonia
Nobody is born with experience
Is this why those guys can buy a brand new RTR and make money selling it piecemeal on eBay? I guess that might apply to a new Cadillac also.
Last edited by fvj; 03-02-2014 at 10:26 AM.
Not enough space here
So, first think I have done was to tune the shocks. I wanted to lower them so I added plastic spacers. Most people use the nitro tubing. I happen to like the plastic shock mounts that comes with the stock shocks. They usually lower exactly the right amount IMO.
I will be using 30wt in the fronts and 40wt in the rear. Springs I will use the non progressive Traxxas white.
Not enough space here
Very nice list! I don't usually follow Rustler builds, but this is too good not to. This is pretty close to my Stampede build I did awhile ago, and later sold. I have gotten a pair of neighbor kids into RC's and they both have Rustlers. I will have to show them this!
FLM BL E-Maxx - BL Slash - BL 4Tec - 1/16th Fiesta - Wraith - SCX-10 - Custom Axial 6WD - Custom Losi micro Monster Truck - Losi Micro-T Hummer - Custom Losi Micro Peterbilt Crawler - soon '65 Malibu Micro T Drifter
Slash BL-Pede-E 4Tec-FLM EMAXX-Wraith-AX-10-SCX-10
so you are building a shelf queen
Sounds like it will be an awesome build. cannot wait to see the finished product. Also, I never knew that is what those black spaces were for. I just always threw them to the side lol
cool build, but your nuts. for that money you could have a competition ready brushless 1/8 buggy.
Traxxas please sell kits!
i have a slash that when now that i am finish 3 bodies 4 sets of wheels and tires and a anza lgc cost me over about $1200 but i also have a 1/8 buggy, rustler, mini e revo, xray touring car and a tayima mini cooper on a MO5 chassis
My Slash and E-Maxx are both built this way. NOT shelf queens. I can beat on these trucks all day and I hardly ever break anything. If you put the money in the right places, they are show AND go! FLM makes some killer parts. They are like individual pieces of art that you put together to make a beautiful masterpiece.
Gotta be tough, we like to air 'em out!
Look at that beautiful FLM chassis!
Not trying to steal your thread, man. Just showin' why we do what we do.....
FLM BL E-Maxx - BL Slash - BL 4Tec - 1/16th Fiesta - Wraith - SCX-10 - Custom Axial 6WD - Custom Losi micro Monster Truck - Losi Micro-T Hummer - Custom Losi Micro Peterbilt Crawler - soon '65 Malibu Micro T Drifter
Slash BL-Pede-E 4Tec-FLM EMAXX-Wraith-AX-10-SCX-10
ok i jumped my rustler over a 12ft fence off of a stakeboard ramp landed on all four wheels and didn't break a thing it was almost bone stock all that was aftermarket was the wheels and tires
Started working on the FLM transmission. I got a new transmission, disassembled it, took the internal parts and de-greased them (nitro cleaner and denatured alcohol).
After degreasing I opened the diff and added some 500k diff oil. Before you think is too thick, this will be a street truck so all I am looking is traction.
Next opened the FLM transmission pack. It seems to be a new design as the motor guard is different than all the pictures I saw. So it took me some time figuring on what goes where. Sent a message today to FLM but as usual crickets. They have good products but basically zero support.
Assembled the gears
I added a very thin layer of white lithium grease, enough to lubricate but not to create excessive resistance.
Some blue thread lock (yes that is all I usually use - some people uses red and/or use a way more - not me) and started putting it together.
Now I will have to figure the motor guard. If someone have assembled one recently and want to share a picture I will appreciate. Well time to concentrate on work. So I will get back on this next weekend
Not enough space here
also why not get the spekrum sr410 rx faster frame rate means faster response time for your throttle and steering
Hey fvj, PM me if you'd like, if you have any questions about your FLM build or specifically, your tranny case. I've built 5 FLM Traxxas RC's, 2 of those being rustys. But the FLM tranny case has changed, with respect to the style. FLM's 1st generation tranny case had the removable motor guard. Their newer FLM tranny case, the motor guard is actually incorporated into the gear box half. It's obviously not removable. Did you ever consider going with a sealed diff? Good luck with your build. If you ever need to get in contact with FLM, instead of leaving a message, text Shane, he's pretty reliable, and will answer your text and even send pics if necessary. But as I stated before, if you have any questions, just PM me, and I'll give you my phone number and text you some pics on my latest FLM rusty build, if they help with your build at all, but I'm running the MM2 2200kv setup on mine, with dual SPC 3S 50C lipos, on GRP compound A's. Good luck and enjoy the assembly.
In regards to the sealed diff I considered but I use thick oil so the stock diff will work just fine.
Not enough space here
i have the dx4s just installed the update for the AVC on last friday so you can get the controller now with the sr410 then you can get the other rx later down the road also the dx4s with the AVC is 249.99 and the controller without is 199.99 but it is the same controller just the rx is the only difference
Kyosho Inferno VE, Anza Slash, Rustler VXL
Yeah fvj, the aluminum offsets are for the Traxxas wheelie bar, if you're gonna run one. I run a T-Bone Racing wheelie bar, so I didn't use them.
FLM is notorious for giving you extra parts. Which at times drives me nutters, because when I'm finished with the build and I got all these extra aluminum offsets, aluminum conical washers, and a ziplock bag full of socket head cap screws, I'm just hoping I didn't forget anything
Started working today on the rear end of the truck. Amazing how parts are not direct fit and need rework. The new FLM tranny hits one of the chassis edge.
I decided to dremmel the chassis instead of the tranny. Easy fix but I would expect FLM to do their homework and check that their parts will not fit.
Time to attached the tranny to the chassis. The SS hardware look good but I was expecting better quality. The Hexes seem sub par and I have a feeling it will be easily damaged.
It took me over 1 hour to assemble the rear shock tower. It seems like the chassis dimensional is slightly off so 3 screws would fit but the forth would be far of center. I checked several pictures online and it seem like I was doing it right. So I removed the tranny screws and then I was able to center the shock tower. When tightening all screws again it was noticiable that one hole mounting was off center but I was able to work a way around.
MIP assembled
Big Bores, RPM and Aluminum clutch pads
Motor in place and RPM gear cover. Unfortunately another fit issue. The RPM gear cover will leave a major gap. I tried to dremel it and I was able to minimize but not to eliminate the gap. I am considering using the stock gear cover.
Not enough space here
Looking good! You will have to polish it every now and then. Lol.
Amazing how FLM just refuses to change design flaws. The quality of the material is awesome, but that's it.
Nobody is born with experience
Wanted to build an FLM Rustler for some time now but after hearing about the fitment issues over the past years I decided to go with other aluminum brands. Seems they still have those issues smh. Crazy how members bash integy but don't bash FLM for the same problems.
other than that though this Is a nice build my man.
Petertje60 summarized perfectly. FLM material quality is top notch but the design has its flaws.
Besides the issues I had with the chassis I was working on the chassis top plate today and one of the steering pin that comes with it is oversized and will not allow me to fit the belcrank bearings.....
Not enough space here
Looks as though you're going to have to return it The end of the bellcrank posts, should fit nicely into the upper/top chassis, then the shoulder screw socket heads, should drop down, into the two holes on the bottom chassis, hopefully securing the bellcrank in place. I actually had to use some extra FLM aluminum conical washers when assembling my bellcrank. The bellcrank and draglink go together easy, but getting it to mount correctly in between the top and bottom chassis, can turn into a a freakin project. Once I did finally get it mounted, there's absolutely no play or slop at all in the steering. It eventually turned out great. So I guess it was worth the extra effort. I sure hope.
Nice build so far. In the past, FLM has returned my emails in 3-4 days.
I've assembled a couple of the older chassis' and they went together okay, not great but okay. Do you have a stock Rusty laying around to rob a steering pin from?
My Black & Blue Rally is faster than your color...
I sent a email to FLM today. Let's see if they will respond. They never respond any of my e-mails.... Sent one on 3/3 with some questions on the tranny but no reply so far.
Not enough space here
Live life to the fullest
Put together the front end. Easiest part so far, everything fit nicely.
Now, the project will be on hold until I get some help from FLM. I sent another e-mail this week and finaly got a reply that they will check. But no solution so far. To recap, one of the bellcrank posts that came with the upper chassis is oversized and will not fit the bearings.
Another issue I noticed is that the FLM upper plate design has the servo too close to the bellcrank so the Traxxas Al bellcrank wont fit. Luckly I have a spare STRC but even this one I will have to figure how to fit it.
Not enough space here
Looking really good, man! I hope you get all your fitment issues resolved. Just one thing, though. All these beautiful pieces, and you're still using the fiberglass tie bar? Check out the one from Pro-Line. Perhaps not necessary, but is any of this necessary? Also, the threaded captured hinge pins and king pins from STRC are very nice, too. I mean if you're going all the way.....
FLM BL E-Maxx - BL Slash - BL 4Tec - 1/16th Fiesta - Wraith - SCX-10 - Custom Axial 6WD - Custom Losi micro Monster Truck - Losi Micro-T Hummer - Custom Losi Micro Peterbilt Crawler - soon '65 Malibu Micro T Drifter
Last edited by MAXXXMASHER; 03-16-2014 at 01:17 PM.
Slash BL-Pede-E 4Tec-FLM EMAXX-Wraith-AX-10-SCX-10
Yeah, I didn't like the fiberglass tie bar but I was not sure what to do with it. I will consider the Proline, but I kind of dislike the gold color... I may buy and de-anodize it.
I didn't want the captured hing pins as I don't want to drill the c blocks treads. The stocks also go well with SS hardware.
Not enough space here
wow! very nice build! I think his just made my mind up on buying a Rustler. good job brotha! Good job!
+1 strc hinge pins, I have them on all the pedes,
if you are going for the extended arms get the FLM cvd, ,an they are excellent or MIP ,
The FLM nitro caster block is great too
Awesome build................i love all metal builds and bash them hard instead of sitting on the shelve
Live life to the fullest


text:
DetailsThis classic compass is great for hikers, as it's a smaller size, fitting comfortably in your hand. Includes two-degree dial graduation, luminous points and a red lanyard.
Posted: 3 years ago
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