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Conceived and designed the experiments: JK CN SH RW TE. Performed the experiments: JK CN SH. Analyzed the data: RW TE. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RW CN JK SH. Wrote the paper: RW TE.
Repeated exposure to traumatic stressors such as combat results in chronic symptoms of PTSD. However, previous findings suggest that former soldiers who report combat-related aggression to be appetitive are more resilient to develop PTSD. Appetitive Aggression should therefore prevent widespread mental suffering in perpetrators of severe atrocities even after decades.
To test the long-term relationship between trauma-related illness and attraction to aggression, we surveyed a sample of 51 German male World-War II veterans (age: M=86.7, SD=2.8). War-related appetitive aggression was assessed with the Appetitive Aggression Scale (AAS). Current- and lifetime PTSD symptoms were assessed with the PSS-I. In a linear regression analysis accounting for 31% of the variance we found that veterans that score higher on the AAS show lower PSS-I symptom severity scores across their whole post-war lifetime (β=− .31, p=.014). The effect size and power were sufficient (f2=0.51, (1-β)=.99). The same was true for current PTSD (β=− .27, p=.030).
Appetitive Aggression appears to be a resilience factor for negative long-term effects of combat experiences in perpetrators of violence. This result has practical relevance for preventing trauma-related mental suffering in Peace Corps and for designing adequate homecoming reception for veterans.
With over 60 million killed, the Second World War was the deadliest military conflict in history. Half of the human losses were soldiers [1]. In Germany alone, some 6 million people lost their lives while over 16 million were displaced, homeless or threatened by starvation [2].
Research in conflict regions it has demonstrated that civilian victims of war have a significantly increased risk for the development of serious trauma related mental health problems like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders or depression (e.g. [3]). The significant prevalence rates of PTSD in war affected populations result from the multitude of traumatic events people in conflict zones are exposed to: The greater the number of traumatic events experienced, the greater the risk for the development of trauma spectrum disorders. Due to the deleterious effects of cumulative exposure to traumatic stress on mental health (also termed "building block effect"; [4]), nearly 100% of people that have experienced two dozen or more traumatic event types suffer from PTSD [5]. However, the higher prevalence's of PTSD are not limited to victims of war but also may affect those who participate in combats and perpetrated the violence. Research on traumatic stress conducted with soldiers from World War II, prior to the introduction of PTSD into DSM, indicated symptoms of hyperarousal and anxiety in those who returned from the front line which had been termed traumatic war neurosis or shell shock [6], [7]. While the early research of ex-combatants and later the US-Vietnam veterans in particular, shaped the concept of PTSD, effects of active participation in combat haven't been studied systematically. The National Vietnam Veteran Readjustment Study (NVVRS) has shown a close relationship between the exposure to war-related traumatic events contributed and the development of PTSD in veterans [8], [9]. Even though attempts were made to define selection criteria to sort out those who are vulnerable for traumatisation [10], trauma spectrum disorders are still common in soldiers who have fought in current armed conflicts like in Iraq or Afghanistan [11] PTSD may become a chronic condition, persisting for decades or even for the rest of the life (e.g. [12], [13]). Even decades after the end of World War II studies with American World War II veterans reported PTSD rates of 16 to 29% and revealed that the effects of trauma have sustained [14], [15], [16], [17].
Armed conflicts and the eliminations of the out-group are common features of war and have always accompanied human history [18], [19], [20]. In these conflicts, soldiers are often actively engaged in fighting and killing. During evolution of man, hunting behaviour has evolved from vegetarian ancestors. Moreover, those who went hunting not only animals, but also killed members of the out-group were probably favoured by evolutionary selection. Consequently, such behaviour must have become appetitive and rewarding by itself [20], [21] irrespectively of subsequent gains like resources [22] or status [23]. We define 'appetitive aggression' as the perpetration of violence and/or the infliction of harm on a victim for the purpose of experiencing violence-related enjoyment. A human drive towards cruel behaviour can therefore be highly functional [24], [25]. It also seems to protect the hunter against trauma-related illness. In recent studies with Rwandan genocide perpetrators and with Ugandan child soldiers we could demonstrate that those who reported a greater propensity to appetitive aggression were more resilient towards the development of PTSD [26], [27]. Therefore, appetitive aggression not only achieves gains over status and power, but also prevents perpetrators from getting traumatized in the course of their own atrocities and it allows adaptation to a cruel environment. We presume that uncontrolled expression of the innate appetitive aggression is inhibited by frontal cortical mechanisms that are shaped during the process of socialization. Under circumstances like those in war, when moral barriers erode and violence is legitimated, cruel behavior and appetitive aggression can break through and foster an escalation of mass violence [28], [29].
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the adaptive advantage in combatants who experience aggression to be appetitive also had very long-term protective and maybe even beneficial effects on their mental health. We surveyed a sample of male German World War II veterans. According to our results from former studies on combatants we predicted that those who report violence during war to be appetitive would be less prone to developing war related PTSD provided that the number of experienced traumatic event types is controlled for. Appetitive Aggression was assessed with the German version of the Appetitive Aggression Scale [30], [31].
The Ethical Review board of the University of Konstanz approved the study and all participants gave their written informed consent.
We obtained data from 51 World War II male Veterans that all experienced the Second World War as Germans. Table 1 gives an overview of the demographic data. Information about the military background of the Veterans is listed in Table 2. The convenience sample was recruited in different cities in the South-West of Germany by placing advertisements in the local newspapers and posting signs on bulletin boards in residential homes for the elderly as well as places for senior citizens to meet. Data was collected between May and September 2010 using structured interviews. All interviews were carried out in participants' homes and lasted for about 90 minutes. Three clinical psychologists from the University of Konstanz that were experts in the assessment of PTSD and trauma spectrum disorders as well as human aggression performed the interviews. The Mini-Mental Status Test (MMST [32]) was administered to all participants for the assessment of global cognitive impairment. The score indicating dementia was set at 24 of 30 or less. None of the participants met this dementia criterion. All participants gave written informed consent. They received no financial compensation.
Information about the military background of the Veterans is listed in Table 2. Moreover, we assessed seven different reasons for joining the military forces. Participants had to rate on a 5-point Likert scale to which extend the presented reasons were relevant for them, ranging from "0" (not at all) to "4" ("extremely"). The results are given in Table 2 too.
We assessed current as well as lifetime PTSD with the PSS-I [33]. The PSS-I assesses the severity of each of the 17 DSM-IV PTSD symptoms. The PSS-I has high test–retest reliability (r=0.80) and inter-rater reliability (k=0.91). For current PTSD the occurrence of PTSD symptoms in the period of the past 2 weeks was assessed (PTSD symptom severity current). For lifetime PTSD we asked for a period of at least two weeks in which the participants experienced PTSD symptoms most severe (PTSD symptom severity lifetime). Each symptom is rated on a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (very much). A sum score was calculated for each PTSD measure. The assessment of PTSD symptoms in structured interviews has been successfully validated in different populations of veterans [34], [35], [36]. The exposure to traumatic events was investigated using a modified PSS-I event scale. The original event scale was extended using war related items like violent house searches, abduction, displacements or life threatening hunger. Events were only rated as traumatic when they fulfilled the "A" criterion according to DSM IV, i.e. objective life-threat as well as subjective experience of intense fear, helplessness, or horror. We assessed whether the traumatic events were experienced during or outside wartime. For the further analysis, we also distinguished between the 18 items that dealt with self-experienced traumatic events and 16 items that dealt with witnessed event types. A traumatic event type was judged as self-experienced if the participant was the victim and as witnessed if the participant has seen or heard the traumatic event while someone else's life was threatened. We thus calculated four traumatic event scores for self-experienced and witnessed event types as well as events during and outside wartime.
The associated symptoms of depression and anxiety were investigated using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL [37]). The HSCL depression scale consists of 15 items whereas the anxiety scale contains 10 items. Coefficient Alpha in our sample was .84 for the anxiety scale and .77 for the depression scale. For each symptom, the participants have to rate on a 4-point Likert scale, how much they were bothered by the symptoms during the last two weeks. Both scales reflect the symptoms in correspondence with ICD criteria. We used the M.I.N.I. suicidality module to quantify current suicidality risk.
The participants' propensity towards violence was investigated with the German Version of the Appetitve Aggression Scale [30]. This 15-item questionnaire has been validated with more than 2.000 data sets among others from different war affected regions (e.g. Uganda, Congo, Rwanda and Columbia) showing a satisfactorily high reliability (Coefficient Alpha of .85) and validity. In this questionnaire statements regarding the perception of violence have to be rated as either true or not true by the participant. After probing each statement, responses to all items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 ("I totally disagree") to 4 ("I totally agree"). A sum score is calculated from all responses. The items are based on the subtype of instrumentally used aggression according to Vitiello and Stoff [38], the ICD 10 criteria for addiction and on perpetrators' self reports collected during the work in war affected crises regions (e.g. "Is it exciting for you if you make an opponent really suffer?", "Is defeating the opponent more fun for you, when you see them bleed?", "Once you got used to being cruel, did you want to be crueller and crueller?"). In line with the general assumption of a dichotomy of aggression, we have proven that appetitive aggression, as one facet of instrumentally used aggression, is different from reactive aggression [31].
Linear regression analysis was used to demonstrate the impact of the number of traumatic events as well as a person's appetitive violence experience on the PTSD symptom severity. Correlations between variables were calculated using Spearman correlation coefficient. The statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 20.0 and R for Apple Version 2.11.1.
All participants reported war related items as worst events. 7.8% of the male veterans met the criteria for lifetime PTSD, but one of the veterans fulfilled the complete DSM IV criteria for a current PTSD diagnosis. According to the building block effect (increasing likelihood of trauma-related illness with increasing exposure) we regressed lifetime PTSD symptom severity on the number of traumatic event types experienced during as well as outside wartime. We further distinguished between the number of self-experienced and the number of witnessed traumatic event types. For both, current as well as lifetime PTSD symptom severity, the number of self-experienced traumatic event types during war was the only statistically significant predictor (lifetime PTSD symptom severity: β=.49, p<.001; current PTSD symptom severity: β=.48, p<.001). We further calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between the lifetime and current PTSD symptom severity scores with the HSCL anxiety and depression score (Table 3). Participants that reported a higher severity of current PTSD symptoms were also more burdened with co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Moreover, suffering from PTSD symptoms during lifetime in the aftermath of the World War also affected the current mental health status. As indicated by the correlation between lifetime and current PTSD symptom severity, those who developed trauma related distress during their life also currently experienced symptoms of trauma spectrum disorders.
The appetitive aggression scale score ranged from 0 to 31 points (M=6.0, SD=6.2). To test our hypothesis, we performed two linear forced-entry regression analyses to analyse the factors contributing to current as well as lifetime PTSD symptom severity. We regressed lifetime PTSD symptom severity measured by the PSS-I score on the number of traumatic event types experienced during wartime as well as the appetitive aggression score in both models. Only the traumatic event types experienced during wartime were used, as the previous analysis has revealed that only these event types were a strong predictor for trauma-related symptoms.
In line with our hypothesis and previous results, the appetitive aggression score was a negative predictor for lifetime PTSD symptom severity (β=− .31, p=.014), i.e. veterans who have experienced the exposure to violence during war as more appealing were also less likely to develop PTSD symptoms in the aftermath (F2=11.55, p<.001, R2adj=.31), while the building block effect indicated by the relation between the number of self-experienced event types and the PSS-I score has remained (β=.52, p<.001). The same model was also applicable for the prediction of the current PTSD symptom severity (appetitive aggression score: β=− .27, p=.030; self-experienced event types: β=.50, p<.001; model summary: F2=10.50, p<.001, R2adj=.27). The interaction terms of self-experienced event types and the appetitive aggression scale scores did neither reach statistical significance nor did they improve the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC; [39]) as a measure for model fit.
Figure 1 illustrates the interplay between the two predictors self-experienced traumatic event types an appetitive aggression score on the PSS-I score using the example of lifetime PTSD. The fitted PSS-I sum score values that lie in the convex hulls from the observed predictor values in the data set of the veterans are displayed. Grey scale indicates the predicted symptom severity depending on the number of self experienced traumatic event types and the appetitive violence experience.
The effect sizes for the model as well as the power were calculated using the program G*Power 3 and were sufficient (f2=0.51, (1-β)=.99) [40]. Thus, the sample size was large enough to prove a stable result. Moreover, there was no significant multi-colinearity in the model (maximum VIF did not exceed 1.010). The residuals also did not differ significantly from normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z=1.05, p=.218). There was also no severe influence of outliers in the proposed model (maximum Cook's d=.492).
The aim of the present study was to investigate potential benefits from appetitive aggression on long-term public health, especially PTSD in a sample of German World War II veterans. In agreement with our previous results [26], [27] ex-combatants who reported a higher appetitive aggression experienced less PTSD symptoms. This result is striking from two perspectives: On the one hand the effect on the current PTSD symptom severity is still present, even six decades after the end of the war. On the other hand, the resilience against trauma symptoms in those who experienced appetitive aggression during the time when they committed atrocities was present throughout the whole lifespan, as it also had an impact on the lifetime PTSD. Furthermore, all participants rated war-related events as most disturbing. This result is in line with previous findings that war-related traumatic events can cause severe and longer lasting PTSD symptoms potentially more so than non war-related traumas [41], [42]. It thus underlines once more the massive impact wars do have on mental health. Current epidmiological studies in Germany have shown that elevated PTSD rates still affect those who were directly or indirectly involved in World War II [43].
The results from this study present further empirical evidence that the feeling of appetitive aggression is well-known to most combatants. Anecdotal evidence for a 'lust' for manhunt in soldiers has been reported previously, but it has not been studied systematically (e.g. [44], [45], [46]). In Holmes [47] this appetitive arousal is described as "the excitement was just fantastic, the exhilaration after all the years of training, the tremendous feeling of lift, of excitement, of exhilaration, it was like the first time you go deer hunting". A recent publication by Neitzel and Welzer [48] that published wiretapping protocols of the ally has also documented examples of appetitive aggression. Even if it's frowned upon to talk about the lust to kill, it is a common phenomenon among soldiers and a biological predisposition of men, and not a consequence of psychopathological processes. Reports for example on Nazi leaders [49] have revealed that most people may be turned to become cruel given corresponding circumstances. Given that aggression may be perceived as appetitive among perpetrators, appropriate therapeutic interventions for the reintegration of former combatants into society, in addition to the issue of traumatisation, must in particular address a potential appeal to performing violent acts. Increasing scientific evidence requires accepting this facet of human behaviour, even though it contradicts common moral believes and values. Aggression researchers in particular have to remember that their conclusions can only be justified within the bounds of their empirical research, as views on aggressive behavior are often susceptible to moral beliefs and ideologies [50], [51]. As pointed out by Ferguson and Beaver [52], who provide a comprehensive overview on the adaptive potential of certain forms of aggression, it is naïve to assume that aggressive behavior is always pathological. The amount of appetitive aggression among former combatants that we found in our recent studies suggests that not only can moderate forms of aggressive behavior be adaptive [53], [54] but that even severe forms can be advantageous in violent environments.
Some investigators have proposed that the active involvement in killings increases the risk for trauma-related suffering. For example Breslau and Davis [55] found a 42% higher probability for PTSD in those Veterans that reported an active involvement in killings. However a greater involvement in combat is usually also related to a greater exposure to traumatic stress. Moreover, many studies demonstrated an onset of PTSD in war veterans years after the home-coming [41], [56]. In fact, symptoms of PTSD generally occur for the first time after the return from the front line. We thus suggest that there is an altered perception of violence cues during armed conflicts in combatants [20]. Our results do not contradict the concept of perpetration induced traumatic stress (PITS) introduced by MacNair [57] but we propose to refine this concept whereby two forces act on the traumatic stress: the cumulative exposure to traumatic stressors enhances and the perception of these experiences as appetitive reduces the likelihood for an extension of the associative fear or trauma network and with it mental illness. Future studies have to investigate which factors determine whether violence cues are integrated into the associative trauma network [19], [58] and thus foster PTSD symptoms or are integrated into the hunt network [20] that prevents excessive fear but increases appetitive aggression. We presume that guilt and social rejection after returning home are crucial for the re-evaluation of violent acts, shifting of violence cues from the hunt network to the fear-network. The design of successful prevention and reintegration programs requires that the potential for appetitive aggression is taken into account and where necessary properly modified.
The recruitment of subjects was voluntary and thus may not be representative. Moreover, PTSD is a risk factor for increased mortality [59], [60]. Consequently it is possible that a significant proportion of veterans who were severely impaired by PTSD had died six decades after the end of war. The devastating impact of war on mental health would therefore not fully appear in the present data. Moreover, veterans who committed serious atrocities may still fear condemnation of their behaviour and thus those would not have participated. Despite the reasons to assume that the variance of both measures, the one of trauma-symptoms and the one for appetitive aggression was limited by the possibilities for recruitment the relationships were found to be siginificant, i.e., effects may be even more impressive than reported here.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of appetitive aggression in male World War II veterans on their mental health status, especially on the risk for trauma-related symptoms during life span. Being in the killer mode during perpetration of violence constitutes a resilience factor for later development of trauma spectrum disorders. Moral-free scientific examination of appetitive aggression and the acceptance of the findings in public seem pre-requisites for the development of adequate treatment and rehabilitation programs for successful reintegration of former perpetrators, combatants or civil offenders alike, into society.
The support of the German Research Council (DFG) is gratefully acknowledged. http://www.dfg.de/en/index.jsp The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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October 12, 2010
GREGORY ALLEN CLAYTON, PLAINTIFF,v.K. HARRINGTON, ET AL., DEFENDANTS.
ORDER REQUIRING PLAINTIFF EITHER TO NOTIFY COURT OF WILLINGNESS TO PROCEED ONLY ON CLAIMS FOUND TO BE COGNIZABLE, OR TO FILE AMENDED COMPLAINT RESPONSE DUE WITHIN 30 DAYS (Doc. 1)
Plaintiff Gregory Allen Clayton ("Plaintiff") is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff is in the custody of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation ("CDCR") and is incarcerated at Kern Valley State Prison ("KVSP") in Delano, California. Plaintiff is suing under Section 1983 for the violation of his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiff names K. Harrington (warden, KVSP), Correctional Officer Thomas, and Correctional Sergeant Gomez as defendants. For the reasons set forth below, the Court finds that Plaintiff's complaint states some cognizable claims. The Court will order Plaintiff to either notify the Court that he wishes to proceed only on the cognizable claims, or file an amended complaint that cures the deficiencies in his non-cognizable claims.
I. Screening Requirement
The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally "frivolous or malicious," that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or that seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). "Notwithstanding any filing fee, or any portion thereof, that may have been paid, the court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court determines that . . . the action or appeal . . . fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted." 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii).
In determining whether a complaint fails to state a claim, the Court uses the same pleading standard used under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a). Under Rule 8(a), a complaint must contain "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). "[T]he pleading standard Rule 8 announces does not require 'detailed factual allegations,' but it demands more than an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). "[A] complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'" Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). "[A] complaint [that] pleads facts that are 'merely consistent with' a defendant's liability . . . 'stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of entitlement to relief.'" Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557). Further, although a court must accept as true all factual allegations contained in a complaint, a court need not accept a plaintiff's legal conclusions as true. Id. "Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice." Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555).
II. Background
Plaintiff claims that Defendants violated his constitutional right by discriminating against him based on his sexual orientation. Plaintiff alleges that he and a group of inmates were escorted from the "Facility 'A' Gym" to "Facility 'M'" for a housing transfer. At Facility M, the inmates were greeted by Defendant Thomas, who told the group that "as long as you are not a shit starter or 'HOMOSEXUAL' you will program well on my yard." Compl. 6:7-16, ECF No. 1 (original emphasis).
Sometime after Plaintiff moved into his new housing unit, Defendant Thomas stormed into the building and yelled at Plaintiff, "DIDNT[sic] YOU HEAR MY SPEECH PRIOR TO COMING OVER HERE. HOMOSEXUALS ARE NOT WELCOMED AND YOUR[sic] ALREADY STARTING SHIT. GET YOUR PROPERTY!!!" Compl. 7:7-14, ECF No. 1 (original emphasis). Plaintiff was escorted to the office and placed in a cage. Defendant Gomez then told Plaintiff that "the blacks dont[sic] want you over here because of your sexual orientation." Compl. 8:6-9, ECF No. 1. Gomez further told Plaintiff that "we dont[sic] have homosexuals on my yard. Anyway your life-style would be better dealt with on Facility 'A' yard's gym." Compl. 8:9-11, ECF No. 1. Plaintiff claims that Gomez lied because Plaintiff is an African American homosexual and the African American inmates "welcomes black homosexuals to intermix with main population without hurtful consequences." Compl. 8:19-9:1, ECF No. 1. Plaintiff was then transferred back to the Facility A Gym despite Plaintiff's requests to be treated the same as the other inmates in the facility.
III. Discussion
Plaintiff claims that his constitutional rights were violated because he was discriminated against on the basis of his sexual orientation. The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that persons who are similarly situated be treated alike. City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc., 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985). A plaintiff may establish an equal protection claim by showing that the plaintiff was intentionally discriminated against on the basis of the plaintiff's membership in a protected class. See, e.g., Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 686 (9th Cir.2001). Under this theory of equal protection, the plaintiff must show that the defendant's actions were a result of the plaintiff's membership in a suspect class, such as race. Thornton v. City of St. Helens, 425 F.3d 1158, 1167 (9th Cir.2005). If the action in question does not involve a suspect classification, a plaintiff may establish an equal protection claim by showing that similarly situated individuals were intentionally treated differently without a rational relationship to a legitimate state purpose. Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 564 (2000); San Antonio School District v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1 (1972); Squaw Valley Development Co. v. Goldberg, 375 F.3d 936, 944 (9th Cir.2004); SeaRiver Mar. Fin. Holdings, Inc. v. Mineta, 309 F.3d 662, 679 (9th Cir.2002). To state an equal protection claim under this theory, a plaintiff must allege that: (1) the plaintiff is a member of an identifiable class; (2) the plaintiff was intentionally treated differently from others similarly situated; and (3) there is no rational basis for the difference in treatment. Village of Willowbrook, 528 U.S. at 564.
It is unclear whether sexual orientation is a "suspect class" or whether the state's differential treatment of homosexuals is subject to strict scrutiny, intermediate scrutiny, or rational basis scrutiny. At this stage in litigation, the distinction is irrelevant. Plaintiff's allegations are sufficient to state a cognizable claim under rational basis scrutiny. Plaintiff alleges that he was singled out and treated differently for no rational purpose. Plaintiff states a cognizable equal protection claim against Defendants Thomas and Gomez for pulling Plaintiff out of his housing unit in Facility M and transferring Plaintiff back to the Facility A Gym.
However, Plaintiff does not state any cognizable claims against Defendant Harrington. Plaintiff has not identified anything Harrington did or failed to do that violated Plaintiff's equal protection rights. Harrington is not liable for the constitutional violations committed by her subordinates simply because she is the warden at KVSP. Supervisory personnel are generally not liable under section 1983 for the actions of their employees under a theory of respondeat superior and, therefore, when a named defendant holds a supervisory position, the causal link between him and the claimed constitutional violation must be specifically alleged. See Fayle v. Stapley, 607 F.2d 858, 862 (9th Cir. 1979); Mosher v. Saalfeld, 589 F.2d 438, 441 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 941 (1979). To state a claim for relief under Section 1983 based on a theory of supervisory liability, plaintiff must allege some facts that would support a claim that supervisory defendants either: personally participated in the alleged deprivation of constitutional rights; knew of the violations and failed to act to prevent them; or promulgated or "implemented a policy so deficient that the policy 'itself is a repudiation of constitutional rights' and is 'the moving force of the constitutional violation.'" Hansen v. Black, 885 F.2d 642, 646 (9th Cir. 1989) (internal citations omitted); Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989). Unless Plaintiff alleges facts that demonstrate Harrington was somehow directly involved with discriminating against Plaintiff, Plaintiff fails to state a claim against Harrington.
IV. Conclusion and Order
Plaintiff's complaint states cognizable claims against Defendants Thomas and Gomez for discriminating against Plaintiff on the basis of his sexual orientation in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiff's complaint fails to state claims against any other defendants. The Court will provide Plaintiff with the opportunity to file an amended complaint curing the deficiencies identified by the Court in this order. Noll v. Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446, 1448-49 (9th Cir. 1987). Plaintiff may not change the nature of this suit by adding new, unrelated claims in his amended complaint. George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007) (no "buckshot" complaints).
If Plaintiff does not wish to file an amended complaint and is agreeable to proceeding only on the claims identified in this order as cognizable, Plaintiff may so notify the Court in writing, and the Court will issue a recommendation for dismissal of the other claims and defendants, and will forward Plaintiff two (2) summonses and two (2) USM-285 forms for completion and return. Upon receipt of the forms, the Court will direct the United States Marshal to initiate service of process.
If Plaintiff elects to amend, his amended complaint should be brief. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). Plaintiff must identify how each individual defendant caused the deprivation of Plaintiff's constitutional or other federal rights: "The inquiry into causation must be individualized and focus on the duties and responsibilities of each individual defendant whose acts or omissions are alleged to have caused a constitutional deprivation." Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 633 (9th Cir. 1988). With respect to exhibits, while they are permissible if incorporated by reference, Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(c), they are not necessary in the federal system of notice pleading, Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). In other words, it is not necessary at this stage to submit evidence to prove the allegations in Plaintiff's complaint because at this stage Plaintiff's factual allegations will be accepted as true.
Although Plaintiff's factual allegations will be accepted as true and "the pleading standard Rule 8 announces does not require 'detailed factual allegations,'" "a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'" Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). "A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Id. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556).
Finally, Plaintiff is advised that an amended complaint supercedes the original complaint. Forsyth v. Humana, Inc., 114 F.3d 1467, 1474 (9th Cir. 1997); King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987). The amended complaint must be "complete in itself without reference to the prior or superceded pleading." Local Rule 220. Plaintiff is warned that "[a]ll causes of action alleged in an original complaint which are not alleged in an amended complaint are waived." King, 814 F.2d at 567 (citing London v. Coopers & Lybrand, 644 F.2d 811, 814 (9th Cir. 1981)); accord Forsyth, 114 F.3d at 1474. In other words, even the claims that were properly stated in the original complaint must be completely stated again in the amended complaint.
Based on the foregoing, it is HEREBY ORDERED that:
1. The Clerk's Office shall send Plaintiff a civil rights complaint form;
2. Within thirty (30) days from the date of service of this order, Plaintiff must either:
a. File an amended complaint curing the deficiencies identified by the Court in this order, or
b. Notify the Court in writing that he does not wish to file an amended complaint and wishes to proceed only against Defendants Thomas and Gomez for violating Plaintiff's equal protection rights.
3. If Plaintiff fails to comply with this order, this action will be dismissed for failure to obey a court order.
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CodeTwo Exchange Rules Pro is a powerful email management system for Exchange Server. It allows administrators to easily set server email rules for automatic email flow management and email content control on Microsoft Exchange Server. Its features are: email filtering, email forwarding, rerouting, auto-responding, email categorization, attachment control, email blocking, disclaimers and more. Applying rules for Exchange becomes now really easy.
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Treatment Centers in Fenton, MO
Treatment Programs
- 12 Step Program
- Addiction
- Adult Residential
- Alcohol Rehab
- Christian Rehab
- Continuing Care
- Depression
- Detox Program
- Drug Rehab
- Dual Diagnosis
- Eating Disorder
- Equine Therapy
- Intervention
- Medication-Assisted Detox
- Opiate Drug Detox
- Outdoor Therapy
- Pain Management
- Psychiatric Residential
- Residential Boarding School
- Residential Inpatient
- Residential Relapse Recovery
- Sex Addiction Program
- Small Residential Programs
- Substance Abuse
- Support Living
- Teens & Adolescent Residential
- Transitional Independent Living Programs
- Wilderness Rehab
- Young Adult Residential
See Nearest
"We believe it is important to create a therapeutic alliance between the client and therapist for a positive outcome. Your personalized recovery plan is created by you and your primary therapist based on what you believe is at the center of your addiction. It will include the elements and relationships of your life that you feel are important to address. Our small group sizes allow for a greater opportunity for working through specific challenges of the individual while drawing from the experiences of the whole supportive group.While alcohol and drug addiction is the primary reason people come to us for treatment, there are often underlying co-occurring issues that can be stumbling blocks to recovery. In order to address these challenges, our doctorate and master's level clinicians draw from a variety of therapeutic treatment approaches that can include; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Trauma-informed approaches."
Fenton, Missouri 63026


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10 ways to eat 7 servings of fruits and vegetables every day
Getting enough fruits and vegetables daily can be a chore and for some, nearly impossible.
Farm and Dairy's week in review: 4/18
This week's top stories include an announcement about Earth Day, sunlight requirements for growing vegetables, an update on a vegan tutor's settlement with the school district he worked for, weather resources for farmers and tips for keeping wildlife out of your garden.
Purdue expert gives tips for buying new and used farm machinery
Used equipment can sometimes cost less, but not always. Especially down the road.
Share the road: Slow down and stay safe during busy planting season
Pennsylvania officials reminded both motorists and farmers to be mindful of one another on the road during Rural Roads Safety Week across the state.
5 DIY bath and beauty products
To make these DIY bath and beauty products, you need a few natural ingredients and little time.
West Virginia unitization law still on legislative radar
In West Virginia, lawmakers are split over the forced pooling measure.
Fewer new well permits issued in Ohio in March
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources issued 38 new permits for horizontal wells in March, a five-permit drop from February, but still more than the 32 issued in the state in January.
Farm or nonfarm worlds: Extension dairy specialist knows both sides
Dianne Shoemaker, statewide dairy specialist for OSU Extension, also owns a 150-head dairy farm in Mahoning County. She lives what she teaches and teaches what she lives.
ODNR reports no new drilling permits in first week of April
Industry watchers say fewer drilling applications are not unexpected, in wake of lower oil and gas prices.
Vegan activist settles with Wayne County school district
A Wayne County school tutor who says he was fired for his vegan views settles in court.


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Maybe they deserve it.Everyone has an ego in this industry and that's not always a bad thing. Every driven, successful person I know has a strong ego. This ego DRIVES them to be better, it shouldn't hinder their success. But that doesn't mean you can't acknowledge you aren't the best. So perhaps they are good, despite what you think. And even if they don't know that much, they are simply better at marketing themselves.
You aren't that good.As said above, we all have egos and while I believe you should BELIEVE in what you do, we all have room to improve. And maybe, just maybe, the reason you aren't successful is because you need to do some work. Just because you look the part and have snappy sayings/ideas/programs doesn't mean you deserve success. Maybe you suck. Knowledge is power but it doesn't mean you can apply that knowledge. And part of the application of knowledge, at least in this industry, is communication with your audience. I have seen many people who KNOW about training but couldn't coach worth a damn. If you are trying to help people out with their training, whether it be in person, online, through articles, books or videos, you are coaching. Certainly not in a classical sense but in the spirit of the word. And if you can't communicate with the audience, anything you say will fall flat. (On a side note, I see way too many people in this industry writing articles/books for others' in the industry, not for people who are actually going to apply them. It's akin to a dick-measuring contest; I don't care what another professional thinks when I write an article. It's not for them. I've never written anything to appease someone who does what I do. I write for the audience: people who have other jobs or careers who want to be stronger/better. They don't have the background that I have and I wouldn't expect them too. I've been criticized many times for my "too basic" ideas, my writing and approach by others in this industry. Many times. I almost always write to a younger me, the kid who was hungry to learn and ready to implement something that works. I don't expect the same knowledge and love from others. I do expect discipline and consistency.) To sum it all up: you may not be that good, and even if you are, maybe you don't know how to talk to those that listen.
Your area of expertise isn't worth as much.This is something I learned at EliteFTS and also when playing football. At EliteFTS, I don't know if we sold more than 10 monolifts per YEAR while I was there. Things may have changed as EFS has grown but just because you are great at your thing doesn't ensure you have success. You don't play grind or death metal because you want to make money. And you don't make monolifts exclusively if you want to be rich or famous, no matter how good the monolift is built. In football, the hard lesson is that the more you contribute to the team, the more you are worth. The superstar quarterback gets more love than the special teams walk-on.. Strength training is never going to have the money and the love and the public draw as diets or fat loss. Great musicians will never make as much money as corporate-made pop stars that can't write a song or play an instrument. Welcome to the world. It's not fair.
Success for them, is success for us.You can hate the programs and the selfies and all the bullshit that drives their popularity, but any success in this industry helps EVERYONE. While I don't believe in the motto, "Something is better than nothing" when it comes to training, any exposure of some kind of training can only drive people deeper into this world. At worst, they do a few workouts and quit. At best, they keep learning and eventually they may follow what you say.
This is not a new phenomenon.The internet has given people a new avenue for marketing themselves. But intense marketing hasn't changed in the fitness industry over the past 50 years. Before the internet there were magazines; and much of the crap that you read in those rags wasn't that good. You had people disguised as experts dispensing training advice that was horrid. And yes, the internet is a much bigger platform. But the fact that some people who didn't deserve the respect and admiration get it- it happens in all professions. You can either bitch or do better. And I can tell you with certainly, no one gets anywhere with a big mouth and no legs.


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Mayor Tom Lowry and the Three Rivers City Commission have five matters of new business before them this evening. The agenda items include whether to consider the home at 429 Fourth Ave. a public nuisance and issue a demolition order; discussion of a $28,000 purchase order of diesel fuel with Drake's Crystal Flash; consideration of awarding sports complex-related work to …Read More »
City Commission
Traffic change in Sturgis
Re-examination of downtown Sturgis traffic patterns prompted by the Moso Village development has resulted in a proposed order, changing North Street to two-way traffic from U.S. 12 to West Hatch Street. The Sturgis City Commission earlier this month approved the direction that would reverse a 2007 decision, which had continued restricting the downtown street to northbound only traffic. Representatives from …Read More »
Final meeting of the year for city commission
The Three River City Commission plans to make a revision to its 2015-16 fiscal year budget during this evening's meeting, its final assembly of 2015. Also on the agenda is consideration of an allocation in excess of $16,000 to support the Michigan Main Street program, and consideration of a special-exception use permit for K2A Counseling Services. It wishes to conduct …Read More »
Sturgis reappoints mayor
Ken Malone last week was reappointed to the seat of mayor, following action by the Sturgis City Commission. Meanwhile, Robert Hile will serve another term as the city's vice mayor. Commissioner Charles Huber initially nominated Hile for the mayor's post. But after Hile declined the nomination, a unanimous ballot was cast for Malone. Malone has served as mayor since 2011 …Read More »
Property matters before city commission
Demolition and site cleanup at four properties will be discussed by members of the Three Rivers City Commission this evening. The parcels in question are located at 304 Jackson St., 909 River St., 318 E. Michigan Ave., and 512 W. Michigan Ave. Also before Mayor Tom Lowry and commissioners is a matter related to the sale of city-owned property at …Read More »
Two candidates for Sturgis City Commission
Two experienced candidates have offered their services to fill a vacancy on the Sturgis City Commission. Meeting last week's application deadline were Jeff Mullins and Steven Shevick. Both are residents of Precinct 1, located on the city's southeast side. Each is vying to succeed Michael Austermann, who resigned Oct. 14. Mullins was appointed to Sturgis Planning Commission earlier this year …Read More »


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Sanford using federal funds to preserve neighborhood's appeal
Updated:The city of Sanford is taking action to keep abandoned or vacant homes from dragging an entire neighborhood down near the center of town.
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A Secret Monster Roams the Black Hills
Spooky Scary Secret Monsters of Every State and we have one here in South Dakota. Have you heard of it?
8 Best Pumpkin Patches in South Dakota and Where to Find Them
Find the biggest and best pumpkin at these 8 pumpkin patches in South Dakota.
Eminem, Skylar Grey Team Up Once Again
Hear Eminem, Skylar Grey's Bonnie and Clyde-Inspired 'Kill for You'.
Snowless Snow Skiing Comes to Minnesota! Great Bear, Are You Listening?
Buck HIll in Burnville, Minnesota installed 4 acres of an Italian-made artificial ski surface.
Between Two Ferns: Hilary Clinton
Hard hitting journalism.
Register for Beginner Skate Classes at Skate City
Join the class today and learn a skill that will last a lifetime!
Man Flies First Class on a $21,000 Seat
This guy takes you into the super exclusive part of a airplane that your nor I will probably will never get to experience.
Pizza Camp for Adults in Minnesota?!?
Love pizza and camping? Well then this camp is for you!
Most Booked Restaurants in South Dakota
Are you craving a restaurant with an atmosphere that's as memorable as the food? Check out these 10 most booked restaurants in South Dakota.
400 Students Sing to Teacher Battling Cancer
A teacher battling cancer got a special surprise from students and staff - who dropped everything in the middle of the school day to sing for him on his front lawn.


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$ 1.50
Mentha Pulegium.Prostrate member of the mint family. Creeping plant has the tendency to spread quickly and send up little 6 inch lilac flower stalks. Not reliably hardy in the north. Pennyroyal has a strong mint odor, and is used as an insect repellent. 200 seeds
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Mobile Homes for Rent near Crawfordville, FL
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- home
- news
- blogs
- calendar
- enewsletters
- podcasts
Items Tagged with 'Parkinson's disease'
VARI finds potential 'guardian' against neurodegeneration
Scientists at Van Andel Research Institute might have found a "guardian" against neurodegeneration that could impact diseases like Parkinson's. Read More
VAI protein research could 'slow the progression' of Parkinson's
A Van Andel Institute researcher studying Parkinson's disease has co-authored a report, detailing, for the first time, how the disease spreads through the brain via a protein — and uncovering a trail for possible drug development to slow symptoms. Read More


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This High end Fully Private clinic are looking to recruit for a very experienced Dental Nurse, to start as soon as possible.
This position is to work on a part time basis, working from Monday to Thursdays from 9am-1pm.
About the Practice:
This is a very high end practice, 100% fully private. Practice completes Dental Treatments on High profile clients, therefore the practice require a high calibre Dental Nurse. This clinic is located in a low key area, due to the types of patients they treat. Practice have their own taxi service which they use to pick up their patients in.
Single surgery practice, fully equipped with all relevant equipment on site, as well as being fully computerised.
All suitable applicants must be fully qualified and registered with the GDC. All applicants must have 3 years plus post qualification experience.
Suitable candidates must be able to meet and greet the patients when entering the premises, take them to the treatment room and speak to them about the treatments carried out.
Practice require an all rounder. Successful candidates will be responsible for chair assistance including:
• Preparing the Surgery for Dental Treatment
• Cleaning the Dental equipment
• Taking Responsibility for Cross-Infection Standards
• Talking to Patients about their dental treatment, appointments, charting and other dental patient records
•Use all equipment and machinery in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations and ensure that they are maintained regularly and in good working order.
•Covering front house as and when required.
Candidates must have excellent communication skills, reliable, personable, competent etc.
Starting salary from £15ph will pay up to £20ph for those that meet the practices criteria.
Parking around the area,
For more information contact Jade and quote reference DEN-37551
Call us on 01332 609318
Email us at [email protected]
View more information at http://www.medicruit.co.uk/positiondetails.aspx?id=37551
Dental Nurse – Surrey
Posted by Medicruit on 26 July 2016
Reference: 37551Apply Back


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All the latest from Oakland Raiders
Raiders Injury Report: Murray and Crabtree Questionable, McGee Again OutSitting in the AFC West catbird's seat at 9-2, the Raiders hold a game lead over Kansas City (8-3), with a two-game edge on defending Super Bowl champion Denver (7-4). That said there is much to be decided before the end of the regular season in the evening hours of New Year's Day.
Raiders Team Headlines: Can Oakland Win The AFC West?Not only do the Raiders finish with three-of-four games on the road, but all three of those contests are against AFC West rivals.
Jason Ross: NFL's Best/Worst Of Week 12Every Tuesday on the Lo-Down, Damien Barling, Ken Rudulph and I discuss our winners and losers of the past week in the NFL. Well, here are mine for the wild week that was week 12 of the NFL:
Raiders Opponent Profile: Bills Still In AFC Playoff HuntThe Raiders look to build on their division lead as they face a dangerous Buffalo Bills team in Week 13.
Carr Overcomes Injury To Rally Raiders Past Panthers 35-32Carr threw for 315 yards and two touchdowns despite missing a series after the injury, leading the Raiders (9-2) back from an eight-point deficit in the fourth quarter to clinch their first winning season since 2002.
Raiders Team Grades: Oakland Wins Fifth Straight, Outlasts Carolina 35-32On Sunday afternoon in the Bay Area, Oakland outlasted the defending NFC Champion Carolina Panthers 35-32 by mounting another fourth-quarter comeback, which advanced the AFC West leading Raiders to a record of 9-2.
Raiders Injury Report: Murray, Crabtree See Limited Practice Due To Ankle InjuriesFor the Raiders, the path an AFC West title and more is rather simply laid out. With a one-game lead over both Kansas City and Denver, Oakland (8-2) simply has to win out in order to claim its first division crown in more than a decade.
Oakland Raiders Team Headlines: Oakland Looks To Finish StrongSitting in first place in the AFC West at 8-2, the Raiders can't afford to slip up and let the Broncos or Chiefs eliminate the one-game lead that they hold in the division.
Fans At Raiders-Texans Game In Mexico City Heard Yelling Homophobic Chant On TVESPN and the NFL were reportedly aware of the issue, but no specific adjustments were made to keep the chant from being heard on the telecast.
Raiders Team Grades: Oakland Goes South Of Border To Top Houston 27-20With the win, Oakland (8-2) stands a full game in front of both Kansas City (7-3) and Denver (7-3) in the AFC West.
Raiders Week 11 Injury Report: Oakland Very Healthy For Its MNF Matchup Against HoustonThe Oakland Raiders are 7-2 and tied for first place among AFC West Division teams. Now, thanks to the great timing of its bye week, Oakland also is a very healthy football team as it looks to close strong in the final seven games of the NFL regular season. The Raiders haven't made the playoffs since 2002, but if the roster can stay this healthy, the Silver & Black have a great chance to make it back to meaningful January football for the first time in 14 years.
Oakland Raiders Uber Fan Dr. Death Makes Cover Of Sports IllustratedRay Perez, in full costume as Raiders alter-ego, uber fan "Dr. Death" will be on the cover for the magazine's special report titled "Football in America."


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Corporate Phone Number: 1-415-362-1000
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Once again your Zoosk support people have taken down my photos that have already been approved and which do not violate the photo policy. In both photos my face is visible, I am not nude, I am not with anyone else. This problem is not getting solved. You have support personnel who do as they wish with no accountability. I will be doing consumer reviews if my photos are not immediately put back up.ReplyDelete
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CTV News in Cuba
Inside CTVNews.ca
Top stories
- Activists plan to stay in North Dakota protest camps after blocking of pipeline route 1
- Oakland warehouse fire death toll climbs to 33, includes teens 8
- Fidel Castro's ashes interred in private ceremony in Cuba 5
- Twitter account belonging to 7-year-old Syrian girl disappears
- Public schools in N.S. could be closed for up to a week: education minister
- Ralliers at Chris Alexander speech call for Alberta premier to be locked up
- Jim Carr's comments senseless, clumsy, B.C. leader says 3
- Italian PM quits after losing reforms referendum by big margin
- Nutrition North failing to keep food healthy and affordable: study
- Toronto doctor found dead, neurosurgeon husband charged with murder 5


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Pioneer StealthTouch M5, Atom/2.1, 4GB, HDD, WIN7, WiFi, Low Profile
Quantity in Cart:Click Add To Cart to Order
Your Price:Click Add To Cart to see real price
We're not allowed to show the price until the item is in your shopping cart.Don't worry, you can still remove the item from your cart if you decide not to buy it.
Shipping Weight:32.00 lbs.
Pioneer StealthTouch M5 POS Touch Screen Computer GMD5YR05001P
Pioneer StealthTouch M5, Atom/2.1, 4GB, HDD, WIN7, WiFi, Low Profile
The Pioneer StealthTouch-M5 touch screen computer is a 15 Inch all-in-one touchcomputer powered by Intel's Atom, available up to Core 2 Duo 2.5GHz. The Pioneer Stealth-M5 can be set up to run as a diskless and fanless thin client, reducing dust and grease intake, and improving the life of the terminal. Connectivity consists of Intel 10/100/1000 BaseT network, 6 USB, 4 Serials, and 24-volts powered USB for devices such as a printer.
Condition: Brand new with original manufacturer warranty. Most items in stock.When ordering this item, use this part number: GMD5YR05001P


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"The protagonist, Finbar Dolan, is Don Draper stripped of all his glamour, success and pomade. What Fin, a midlevel copywriter, does have on Don is a sense of humor. . . . Framed around a surprisingly sweet romance, as well as Fin's eventual confrontation with his painful family history, this debut offers a pleasing lightness-to-heart ratio."
Truth in Advertisingby John Kenney
"F. Scott Fitzgerald said that there are no second acts in American lives. I have no idea what that means but I believe that in quoting him I appear far more intelligent than I am. I don't know about second acts, but I do think we get second chances, fifth chances, eighteenth chances. Every day we get a fresh chance to live the way we want."
FINBAR DOLAN is lost and lonely. Except he doesn't know it. Despite escaping his blue-collar Boston upbringing to carve out a mildly successful career at a Madison Avenue ad agency, he's a bit of a mess and closing in on forty. He's recently called off a wedding. Now, a few days before Christmas, he's forced to cancel a long-postponed vacation in order to write, produce, and edit a Super Bowl commercial for his diaper account in record time.
Fortunately, it gets worse. Fin learns that his long-estranged and once-abusive father has fallen ill. And that neither of his brothers or his sister intend to visit. It's a wake-up call for Fin to reevaluate the choices he's made, admit that he's falling for his coworker Phoebe, question the importance of diapers in his life, and finally tell the truth about his past.
Truth in Advertising is debut novelist John Kenney's wickedly funny, honest, at times sardonic, and ultimately moving story about the absurdity of corporate life, the complications of love, and the meaning of family.
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9781451675566
- Publisher:
- Touchstone
- Publication date:
- 01/22/2013
- Sold by:
- Format:
- NOOK Book
- Pages:
- 320
- Sales rank:
- 303,469
- File size:
Meet the Author
John Kenney has worked as a copywriter in New York City for seventeen years. He has also been a contributor to The New Yorker magazine since 1999. Some of his work appears in a collection of The New Yorker's humor writing, Disquiet, Please! He lives in Brooklyn, New York. Visit ByJohnKenney.com.
Customer Reviews
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews
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One of the best books I have read in years, and I am an avid reader. It is one of those books that makes you want to live a better, more meaningful life. You cannot ask for more than that. Thank you, John Kenney.
*I was sent an advance reader copy from the publisher* What attracted me to this debut novel is the suggested similarity to Jonathan Tropper's novels. Having finished this book, I can honestly say that fans of Tropper will love this new volume from John Kenney. Much like Tropper, Kenney has a way of dissecting his characters and letting the reader enter their minds and really gain an understanding of them. By the end of the book, I felt like I knew Fin Dolan inside and out. There is a little bit of Fin Dolan in all of us. Do we truly know what makes us happy? Can we achieve happiness? Fin is dealing with a lot of issues, but who isn't? Fin's father was abusive and indirectly/directly (depending on where you side) responsible for Fin's mother's death. That has scarred the four Dolan children for life, making it unlikely they will ever be the type of family to stay in touch or show emotion to anyone. Thus, Fin has difficulty showing his emotions to the woman he loves. I found Fin to be especially likeable because of how easy it is to relate to him. His coworkers Pam and Ian are funny and refreshingly sarcastic which helps Fin keep his sanity while he tries to come up with the perfect diapers commercial on a tight budget. When Fin learns that his father has fallen ill, he must decide if he will take the time to go visit him, knowing his siblings won't. His mental journey while he deals with his father's illness answers many questions for readers, like why he is so scarred and why his emotions are kept under lock and key for the most part. The present is interspersed with momentary flashbacks so that readers slowly get a complete picture of Fin. There are a few surprises throughout this book that keep the reader interested. While Kenney deals with some poignant issues, his use of humor keeps this from being depressing. There is quite a bit of background information on advertising and creating a commercial which only adds to the story. The introspective parts of this book aren't cliche either which is also surprising. I definitely recommend this for anyone who is a fan of Jonathan Tropper or anyone interested in a look at the intricacies of family life
Love this Book !!! Funny and Tender. A great read. I hope he's prolific as well ! Can't wait to read more by John Kenney ~
Reminds me of walking through the day. Actions I take. Thoughts I have. Trying to be better and dealing with life's path.
Kenny is beyond amazing and this book is one of my top five all time reads. I went from laugh out loud tears of hysteria, to heartfelt tears of simpatico. I want Fin Dolan to be in my life. He is edgy and real and wonderfully glib. He is a mix of Camus' Meursault, O'Neill's Edmund, and the Farrelly brother's characters of wit and charm. He unfolds the back story gently; a story that compromised Fin's his ability live life. Fin dabbles in punch lines and snickers…the stuff of 60 second commercials… until he comes to terms with his past. Lots of life truisms but without being didactic. Love this book. Walk a mile in Fin's shoes and you won't be disappointed…the journey is rewarding.
I want to have an expensive dinner with Fin and his wonderful friends. The ending of this beautiful novel is perfect. I've told my friends to rush out and buy it!
Funny and just when you're enjoying a light ride, Kenney manages to tug at your heart and write into your truths
Really enjoyed
Truth In Advertising is a really well written novel. The humor, the pain, they flow together so seamlessly. It made it really easy to like Fin and root for him to find the happiness that has been lacking in his life. If you are looking for a good novel, look no further, John Kenney will not disappoint you with Truth in Advertising.


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Last year in October, August Home unveiled its second-generation August Smart Lock. The Smart Lock has an updated industrial design. Furthermore, it also has Siri control through HomeKit. Starting this week, August's Bluetooth-connected Smart Lock is available to purchase from Amazon and Best Buy. Although the pre-order period of the device is quite lengthy even though stock appears to be slim so far.
August's latest SmartLock enables users to lock and unlock the doors and other devices using Siri commands. This can be done by using iPhone, iPad, or an Apple Watch. This is all possible because of Apple's HomeKit support. In addition to that, the Smart Lock already benefits from being a Bluetooth-connected device. It can also be controlled by its own mobile application.
Apple's HomeKit support enhances the device securely for Apple devices users. It adds voice control to the Smart Lock. Furthermore, HomeKit is a framework that various smart home accessory makers support so you can automate other Smart Lock actions with other services as well.
For example, HomeKit allows you to create a scene called "Goodnight". The "Goodnight" scene lowers the temperature on your Scobee thermostat, turns off your Phillip Hue Light, and Locks the front door with August Smart Lock. Other applications like Matthias Hochfatterer's Home for iOS or Hesperus make controlling the HomeKit accessories without Siri easier.
August's second-generation Smart Lock also features an upgraded industrial design. The change alone is not worthy of upgrading, though unless you are adding another door. The new design has a new magnetic faceplate, along with micro-patterns to improve grip and rotation. Then there is an indicator at the top of the lock for easy, visual confirmation that the door is locked or unlocked.
The original August Home Smart Lock, which was well-received last year, can be boughtu in a variety of colors if you are not interested in HomeKit support.
The second-generation HomeKit enabled Smart Lock is available at Amazon. The Smart Lock is available is silver or dark gray. August red and copper color will be available in the future.


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Grilled Flank Steak with Sherry-Mustard Sauce
Lynette !
Great way to prepare a less-expensive cut of steak. Requires 8 hours of marinating time and the sauce needs to chill for an hour. Plan ahead and this will be ready to serve in no time. Marinating and chilling time is not included in prep time.
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15 Min
15 Min
- 1 1/2 lb
- flank steak
- 1/3 c
- dry sherry (not cooking sherry)
- 1/3 c
- soy sauce
- 2 Tbsp
- green onions, chopped
- 1 Tbsp
- cracked black pepper
- 2 tsp
- coarse-grained dijon mustard
- 1 tsp
- fresh ginger, peeled and chopped
- 8 oz
- plain yogurt (low-fat is fine)
- 2 Tbsp
- green onion, chopped
- 2 Tbsp
- dry sherry (not cooking sherry)
- 2 tsp
- coarse-grained dijon mustard
- 1 pinch
- salt
Directions Step-By-Step
1Score the steak 1/4 inch deep on both sides; place in a large shallow dish.
2Combine 1/3 cup sherry and next five ingredients in a small bowl; stir well. Pour the marinade mixture over steak; cover and marinate in the refrigerator for 8 hours.
3Remove the steak from the marinade; discard marinade. Grill steak over medium coals or broil for 6 inches from heat for 6 to 8 minutes on each side or to your desired degree of doneness. To serve, slice diagonally across the grain into thin slices. Serve with Sherry-Mustard Sauce.
4For the sauce: Combine all sauce ingredients in a small bowl; stir well. Cover and chill 1 hour.
About this Recipe
Course/Dish: Beef
Main Ingredient: Beef
Regional Style: American
Other Tag: Quick & Easy
Hashtag: #flank steak


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text:
Honey Mustard-Coated Chicken
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 30 mins
What a great combination - honey and Dijon mustard! A fast weeknight supper!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1⁄4 cup Dijon mustard
- 3 tablespoons honey
- 2 teaspoons lemon juice
- 3⁄4 cup plain breadcrumbs
- 4 boneless skinless chicken breast halves
- 1 teaspoon vegetable oil
- Heat oven to 375°F Lightly grease a 11 x 7 inch baking dish.
- Combine mustard, honey and lemon juice in a shallow dish. Place bread crumbs in a second shallow dish.
- Dip chicken in the mustard mixture, turning to coat pieces thoroughly. Dredge in bread crumbs to cover completely. Place in prepared pan. Drizzle oil evenly over top of the chicken.
- Bake at 375F for 25 to 30 minutes or until the internal temperature registers 160F on a instant-read thermometer.
Most Helpful
Yummy. This will be a keeper. I didn't have any lemon juice but it turned out very tender.
This was nice. I cut my chicken into smaller pieces as it made them nice and crusty on the outside! Yum!
Definitely an OUTSTANDING recipe! I use honey mustard on a lot of things, But for some reason just never thought of putting the ingredients together myself! When making this, I doubled the sauce part & had plenty to play around with. I also cut each of the breasts into 5 slices before baking, then served them over brown rice. Very, very tasty, & I'll be making this one again & again! Many thanks!


text:
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Wireless Intelligent Gsm Car Alarm System
Posted at: Offers to Sell and Export | Posted on: Mon 26 Apr, 2010 11:28 pm | Product Category:
Alarm systems
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Name: GSM GPS Vehicle Alarm System-G118V
Main Function: GSM Alarm, GPS Locating
Frequency: 850/900/1800/1900MHz
G118V is our most advanced Auto Alarm and tracking system. It's a GSM Auto Anti-theft and Vehicle Security System and powerful GPS tracking devices. You can receive alert notifications, remotely disable vehicle ignition system and ask for SOS help from anywhere. It also allows you to located and control in real-time anywhere in the word at anytime. It integrated the two ways alarm system like our other alarm models, hand free phone call, GPS location and tracking and Enable/disable Remote start.
I. Function and Feature
GPS location and tracking
Locating and tracking by telephone, mobile SMS or PC.
Very clear satellite image view.
No distance limited/ GSM network
Remote start engine
Alarm to phone; report the detail situation of the car
Control cars by phone: Arm/disarm, enable/disable the engine, etc.
Phone number reporting
Vehicle owner identifying, refuse strange phone number
Listening in and hand free phone call
Simple friendly voice menu
Four telephone numbers: Two for warning and control; two for emergency
Trigger Sensor including the normal style car alarm.
Remote controller usage as normal: arm/disarm, car searching, silently arm, Trunk release
Sensitivity of shock sensor adjustable
System power off alarming
Alarm memory recall
GSM frequency: 850MHZ/1900MHZ, 900MHZ/1800MHZ (optional)
Door detect
Automatic central locking system
Emergency help
Compatible with any cars
No GSM network alert
II. Index Parameter
1> Main unit:
Working voltage: 12V
Static current: 40mA~60mA
Cover scope: same as GSM
Alarming time: alarm until disarm or answer the phone which receive signals
2> Output voltage for controlling
Stop engine voltage: 0V
Control fuel voltage: 0V
Control loudspeaker voltage: 12V
3> Input voltage
Door check voltage: 0V
Key check voltage: 12V
Break check voltage: 12V
4> Remote controller
Working voltage: +12V(A27 12V dry battery)
Working frequency: 400MHz-433MHz
Distance for controlling: 20-100meter
Static current: 0mA
5> Working temperature
Main unit: Storage temperature: -30?~+85?
If you don't have a burglar alarm system, you need one. Here's why, you work hard to make money to buy a home, and pay a mortgage, and have a car, and have nice things, and so your family can also have nice things, and it could all be gone in a blink of an eye. Protect whats yours and if you can't afford a big alarm system then install one yourself. Sure insurance might protect your home and your valuables but your family might never feel safe again.
Company Contact:
Contact Name: Jackie Chow
Company Name: VSTAR International Ltd.
Tel: 086-755-86088668
Cell: 086-13622364334
Fax: 086-755-86088668
Street Address: No.203 Building,
Shatoujiao, Yantian District,
Shenzhen, China
Member name: burglaralarmsystem
Member Since: 29 July 2009
Total Leads:
1750 burglaralarmsystem Import Export Business Leads
Business focus: Burglar Alarm System, Home Security Alarm System, Wireless Alarm System, Gsm Alarm System
Safe Import Export Tips
Product Category:
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