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We thank Musso and colleagues for their useful comments on our article.We agree that a comprehensive approach to patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, namely one which considers their diabetes and cardiovascular risk, as well as their long-term liver-related risk, is needed. We wish only to make some points of clarification which will help hepatologists to efficiently assess cardiovascular and diabetes risk in their patients. First, there have been recent calls, recently verified by the World Health Organization, to diagnose diabetes by measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and this measure has the advantage of being measurable on nonfasting samples.1 Of interest, HbA1c is at least as good as fasting glucose at assessing microvascular risk and appears to be the best glycemic predictor of macrovascular risk, performing even better than the 2-hour glucose tolerance test.2 We would therefore argue against routine oral glucose tolerance testing in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, because of both clinical and economical concerns. Second, the benefit of testing for insulin as a prognostic factor, we believe, remains to be proven. At present, we would advise against measuring insulin routinely, at least until this approach has been shown to be cost-effective. Third, lipid tests to enhance prediction of cardiovascular disease (as part of national cardiovascular risk guidelines or algorithms) also do not require fasting, as recently shown by the Emerging Risk Factor Collaboration group.3 Rather, nonfasting total cholesterol (or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol adequately reflect lipid-associated vascular risk and perform as well as fasting lipids3 for risk prediction. Fasting is therefore not required to test for diabetes, or indeed cardiovascular risk, in the majority of patients. Finally, we have recently proposed4 how combined vascular and diabetes screening may be conducted by simply adding a nonfasting HbA1c test to nonfasting lipids as part of a cardiovascular risk screen, a simple process which may be easily added to other routine tests conducted in most hepatology and hepatology-related clinics.
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Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report.
Nazim A. Ghouri M.D.*, David Preiss M.D.*, Naveed Sattar M.D.*, * British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

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August 6, 2012
MELANIE C. LATRONICA, PLAINTIFF,v.BARACK HASAN OBAMA; CONTRA COSTA COUNTY, DEFENDANTS.
This case, in which plaintiff is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, is before the undersigned pursuant to Eastern District of California Local Rule 302(c)(21). See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). On June 26, 2012, the undersigned dismissed plaintiff's complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), but provided plaintiff thirty days to file an amended complaint. Dckt. No. 3. The order explained that "[f]ailure to timely file an amended complaint [would] result in a recommendation this action be dismissed." Id. at 5.
The deadline has now passed and plaintiff has not filed an amended complaint.
On July 27, 2012, however, plaintiff requested a hearing. Dckt. No. 4. Plaintiff's request is denied as it sets forth no procedural or substantive basis for a hearing. To the extent plaintiff objects to the recommendation herein, she may file written objections in accordance with the instructions below.
Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that plaintiff's request for a hearing (Dckt. No. 4) is denied.
Further, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that this action be dismissed without prejudice, and that the Clerk be directed to close this case. Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); L.R. 110.
These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned "Objections to Magistrate Judge's Findings and Recommendations." Failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court's order. Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998); Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT Sacramento
March 11, 2011
CITY OF SACRAMENTO, PLAINTIFF,v.BEAZER HOMES HOLDINGS CORP., DEFENDANT AND APPELLANT, ALLEGHANY PROPERTIES LLC, DEFENDANT AND RESPONDENT.
(Super. Ct. No. 34-2009-00037027-CU)
City of Sacramento v. Beazer Homes Holding Corp.CA3
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
This is a dispute between two developers concerning the funds available from a drainage fee account held by the City of Sacramento (the City) to reimburse developers for construction of drainage facilities. One of the developers, Alleghany Properties LLC (Alleghany), claims entitlement to all funds currently in the account, while the other developer, Beazer Homes Holdings Corporation (Beazer), asserts that some of the funds should be distributed to Alleghany and the rest to Beazer. In light of the dispute, the City interpleaded the funds, naming Alleghany and Beazer as defendants, and the trial court granted Alleghany's motion for summary judgment. Contrary to the trial court's order granting summary judgment, we conclude that the record does not support distribution of all funds to Alleghany as a matter of law. Therefore, summary judgment was improper.
The Development
Before 1998, the City designated a mostly undeveloped area of North Natomas as "Shed 6" or "Basin 6" for the purpose of drainage facilities. In anticipation of developing Shed 6, Alleghany and Beazer bought land there. Before development of the land and subsequent sales, Alleghany owned more than 70 percent of the land in Shed 6. Part of Alleghany's development of the land included drainage facilities, specifically for its land and also for the common benefit of other eventual developers. Alleghany built the drainage facilities in two phases, "Basin 6A" and "Basin 6B," and completed the work by sometime in 2004, expending $10.6 million on the drainage facilities.*fn1
After Alleghany had completed its work on the drainage facilities in Shed 6, Beazer began its work. It expended $2 million on construction of drainage facilities and also paid to the City a drainage fee of $2.4 million. Beazer's total expenditure on drainage was $4.4 million.
Based on the amount of land owned in Shed 6 and the uses to which the land is to be put, Alleghany is responsible for 72.5671 percent (rounded to 73 percent) of the cost of common drainage facilities, and Beazer is responsible for 18.3036 percent (rounded to 18 percent), while other landowners are responsible for the rest.
The Agreements
Alleghany and Beazer each entered into several contracts with the City with respect to the Shed 6 development. Those contracts, which were identical for Alleghany and Beazer in all ways relevant to this proceeding, included the North Natomas Finance Plan (Finance Plan), the North Natomas Development Agreement (Development Agreement), and several Agreements for the Construction of Drainage Improvements (drainage agreements).
The Development Agreement committed each developer "to funding its appropriate share of the cost of Infrastructure and other facilities which are the subject of the North Natomas Finance Plan . . . ." On the same subject of funding a fair share of common or regional facilities, the Development Agreement continued: "The North Natomas Finance Plan establishes a method for financing of required Infrastructure and public facilities . . . , so that the land within the North Natomas Finance Plan Area pays for its share of the cost of such Infrastructure and facilities."
The Development Agreement also provided for reimbursement to any developer paying more than its fair share of the facilities benefitting the entire basin. It stated: "In any case where CITY requires or permits [the developer] to plan, design, construct, or fund the planning, design or construction of improvements required for development by the North Natomas Finance Plan, in excess of or beyond those required for development of [the developer's property], . . . CITY shall utilize its best efforts to require that all other Persons benefitted by the improvements shall reimburse (through fee districts, agreements, conditions of approval, or otherwise) [the developer] for such Person's proportionate share of such costs as determined in accordance with the North Natomas Finance Plan, or by CITY." And later: "Reimbursement shall be limited to that amount which exceeds [the developer's] appropriate share of the cost, determined in accordance with principles established in the North Natomas Finance Plan, and any associated documents or studies."
Contribution by developers in Shed 6 toward the common drainage facilities was to be either by (1) expending funds in the construction of the common drainage facilities or (2) paying to the City a drainage fee. The drainage agreements stated: "Drainage Fees that are paid to the City by other landowners . . . shall be maintained by the City in a separate account (the 'Drainage Fee Account') . . . ." Concerning the timing of the reimbursement, the drainage agreements stated: "Upon full completion of the Drainage Facilities and acceptance thereof by the City, the City will pay [the developer] the amount then available in the Drainage Fee Account for reimbursement up to, but not in excess of, the approved and properly proportioned Reimbursement Amount for the Drainage Facilities. Thereafter, on a quarterly basis, commencing on the first of the calendar month following completion of the Drainage Facilities and continuing on the first of each month thereafter until the Reimbursement Amount is reduced to zero, the City will pay [the developer] the amount then available for reimbursement in the Facilities Account, up to the then outstanding Reimbursement Amount."
While the Finance Plan provided a formula for determining the fair share percentage to be paid by developers for the construction of common drainage facilities, it did not define what was "common."
The Dispute
The dispute here is over what is included in the "common" drainage facilities in Shed 6 for the purpose of determining each developer's reimbursement amount. Although Alleghany would have us believe that the real dispute is simply over who gets paid its reimbursement amount first (Alleghany or Beazer), Beazer did not dispute Alleghany's priority in receiving reimbursement. The trial court, however, accepted Alleghany's definition of the dispute. As will be shown, this led to error.
In a letter, Senior Deputy City Attorney Joseph P. Cerullo detailed how the dispute arose. He wrote: "For some time, the city and Alleghany Properties have been discussing how the costs to construct 'common' drainage facilities in North Natomas Basin 6 should be allocated to the basin landowners. Alleghany contends that only the primary drainage channel, the two detention basins, and the associated pipes and pump stations are 'common.' The city disagrees. We believe that the North Natomas Financ[e] Plan identifies as 'common' not just those facilities but also the trunk lines shown in the master drainage plan for Basin 6 and included in Alleghany's and Beazer's drainage agreements." Cerullo noted: "Alleghany denies that the facilities Beazer built, consisting chiefly of trunk lines in streets, qualify as 'common.'"
This dispute materialized because of contributions, mainly Beazer's, to the City's Drainage Fee Account. With $2.8 million in the account, the City paid $1.2 million to Alleghany, leaving $1.6 million in the account, reduced to $1.5 million by the City's administration fee. How it is to be distributed depends on whose definition of "common" prevails.
If Alleghany's definition prevails, then Alleghany, which has priority to funds in the Drainage Fee Account, is entitled to the remaining funds. According to Alleghany, the total cost of common drainage facilities is $10.6 million. That is how much it expended on construction, so it is entitled to reimbursement of $2.9 million, based on the formula requiring Alleghany to pay 73 percent of the costs for the common drainage facilities. Because the City already paid Alleghany $1.2 million from the Drainage Fee Account, the amount owed to Alleghany was reduced to $1.7 million. Since there is only $1.5 million remaining in the account (now interpleaded), Alleghany is entitled to all of it.
If the definition of "common" supported by the City and Beazer prevails, Alleghany is entitled to $900,000 of the remaining balance in the Drainage Fee Account, and, Alleghany having been fully reimbursed, Beazer is entitled to rest of the funds in the Drainage Fee Account. According to Beazer, the total cost of common drainage facilities is $16.2 million in 2008 dollars. Adjusted for inflation as of 2008, Alleghany's contribution to that total has been $13.9 million. Applying the reimbursement percentage, Alleghany is therefore entitled to $2.1 million in reimbursement, of which it has already received $1.2 million. Therefore, Alleghany should receive $800,000 of the interpleaded funds, and Beazer the rest.*fn2
Judicial Proceedings
The City proposed distribution of the funds based on its definition of "common" drainage facilities, but Alleghany rejected the City's proposal. The City therefore filed this action, interpleading the funds in the Drainage Fee Account ($1.5 million) and naming both Alleghany and Beazer as defendants. Having done so, the City withdrew from the litigation.
Alleghany moved for summary judgment. It argued that it was entitled to all funds in the Drainage Fee Account because it entered into the drainage agreements with the City before Beazer did and therefore has a prior claim to the funds. Alleghany also argued that it has an equitable lien on the Drainage Fee Account.
Beazer opposed Alleghany's motion for summary judgment. It did not dispute Alleghany's priority claim to the funds in the Drainage Fee Account, except to the extent Alleghany was not entitled to funds because it has been fully reimbursed. Consistent with the City's position, Beazer asserted that the reimbursement due to Alleghany must be calculated using the cost of all common drainage facilities, not just those constructed by Alleghany. Using the cost of all of the common drainage facilities to calculate Alleghany's entitlement to reimbursement, Beazer argued that Alleghany is entitled to only $800,000 of the $1.5 million in interpleaded funds. Beazer also opposed Alleghany's equitable lien argument.
As can be seen, the arguments of Alleghany and Beazer concerning the propriety of summary judgment were, to some extent, two ships passing in the night. Alleghany argued entitlement to the funds based on priority, while Beazer, admitting Alleghany's priority, argued that Alleghany would be fully reimbursed by a portion of the funds.
The trial court granted Alleghany's motion for summary judgment. In doing so, however, the court considered only Alleghany's priority argument and not Beazer's argument that the reimbursement due to Alleghany must be calculated using the cost of all common drainage facilities, not just those constructed by Alleghany.
The court's order granting summary judgment stated: "The parties agree that Alleghany incurred [$10.6 million] (or [$12.1 million] adjusted for inflation as of April 24, 2007) in constructing drainage improvements for Shed 6 under the Drainage Agreements. [Citation.] Pursuant to the Reimbursement Provisions of the Drainage Agreements, Alleghany's Reimbursement Amount is to be calculated based on the 'proportionate cost shares of the various landowners within the basin.' . . . Alleghany's proportionate cost share is [73 percent]. Alleghany's Reimbursement Amount is therefore [27 percent] of [$10.6 million] on a non-inflation adjusted basis, which is [$2.9 million]." The order later concluded: "Even on a non-inflation adjusted basis, Alleghany is entitled to receive more than the Funds on deposit in this action, because it has thus far received only [$1.2 million], whereas it is entitled to receive at least [$2.9 million] even before inflation adjustment. The parties do not dispute the facts underlying this calculation. The Court therefore concludes that Alleghany is entitled to all of the Funds."
Contrary to the trial court's statement that the parties did not dispute the facts underlying the court's calculation, Beazer had argued that the $10.6 million expended by Alleghany on common drainage facilities was not the cost of all common drainage facilities. Beazer argued that instead of $10.6 million, the cost was $16.2 million, which included all costs of common drainage facilities, not just those constructed by Alleghany.
The court did not consider Alleghany's alternative equitable lien argument.
Beazer attempted to appeal from the order granting summary judgment. (See Modica v. Merin (1991) 234 Cal.App.3d 1072 [order granting summary judgment not appealable].) On Beazer's motion, we deemed the appeal as taken from the subsequent judgment.
I Propriety of Summary Judgment
Beazer contends that, because disputed facts remain concerning the interpretation of the contracts, the trial court improperly granted summary judgment. We agree.
"Under summary judgment law, any party to an action, whether plaintiff or defendant, 'may move' the court 'for summary judgment' in his [or her] favor on a cause of action . . . or defense (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (a)) . . . . The court must 'grant[]' the 'motion' 'if all the papers submitted show' that 'there is no triable issue as to any material fact' (id., § 437c, subd. (c)) -- that is, there is no issue requiring a trial as to any fact that is necessary under the pleadings and, ultimately, the law [citations] -- and that the 'moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law' (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (c))." (Aguilar v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (2001) 25 Cal.4th 826, 843.)
On review of a summary judgment, we "examine the record de novo and independently determine whether [the] decision is correct. [Citation.]" (Colarossi v. Coty US Inc. (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 1142, 1149.)
The issue considered by the court in the summary judgment proceedings involved contract interpretation. It determined that the contracts were unambiguous concerning the reimbursement due to Alleghany.*fn3
The threshold inquiry in contract interpretation is whether the contract is ambiguous. (Appleton v. Waessil (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 551, 554.) A trial court's ambiguity determination is a question of law and thus, subject to independent appellate review. (Roden v. Bergen Brunswig Corp. (2003) 107 Cal.App.4th 620, 625.) If the trial court determines the contract language is ambiguous, the trier of fact may consider parol or extrinsic evidence offered by a party as to the interpretation of a contract. (Appleton v. Waessil, supra, at p. 554.) "'Even if a contract appears unambiguous on its face, a latent ambiguity may be exposed by extrinsic evidence which reveals more than one possible meaning to which the language of the contract is yet reasonably susceptible.' [Citations.]" (Wolf v. Superior Court (2004) 114 Cal.App.4th 1343, 1351.)
The crucial matter to be determined in this interpleader action is what the agreements between the City and Alleghany meant as to the reimbursement provisions. One dispute is whether the agreements make Alleghany responsible for the cost of (1) 73 percent of the common drainage facilities that Alleghany built or (2) 73 percent of the common drainage facilities built by all developers in Shed 6. That question cannot be answered on this record. Thus, summary judgment should have been denied.
Alleghany contends that the drainage agreements, on their face, support its argument that it is entitled to reimbursement of 27 percent (100 minus 73 percent) of the cost of constructing common drainage facilities, basing what the common drainage facilities are solely on what Alleghany, itself, built. Alleghany argues: "The trial court correctly rejected Beazer's effort to ignore the plain language of the Drainage Agreements (which nowhere provide that Alleghany's reimbursement amount can be reduced by another landowner's expenditures), found there were no disputed material facts, and interpreted the undisputed evidence to support Alleghany's position." After paraphrasing the drainage agreements, Alleghany concludes: "This is the straight-forward reading of the Drainage Agreements adopted by the trial court, not rocket science." Contrary to Alleghany's mocking remonstrances, however, the language of the drainage agreements is not so plain.
The reimbursement provisions of the drainage agreements highlighted by Alleghany in its brief state: "[Alleghany] shall be entitled to reimbursement for a portion of the actual Drainage Facilities costs incurred by [Alleghany] for construction of the Drainage Facilities . . . ." And later: "The portion of the total Drainage Facilities Costs as to which [Alleghany] shall be entitled to reimbursement shall be as specified in the Phasing Plan (Exhibit C), which specifies the proportionate cost shares of the various landowners within the basin." As Alleghany concedes, exhibit C was merely a diagram showing the location of drainage facilities.
There can be no dispute that these provisions give Alleghany a right to reimbursement. But they are not clear concerning how to calculate the amount to be reimbursed. One provision says that Alleghany is "entitled to reimbursement for a portion of the actual Drainage Facilities costs incurred by [Alleghany]," which makes it sound as if the reimbursement is calculated as a portion of Alleghany's own expenses. However, the other provision refers to the amount that Alleghany is to be reimbursed as a "portion of the total Drainage Facilities Costs," which could very well refer to all costs expended by all developers on common drainage facilities.
Before a court may calculate the amount of reimbursement to which Alleghany is entitled, this ambiguity concerning whether reimbursement is based on Alleghany's expenditures alone or on all expenditures by all developers must be resolved. The record presented on appeal is not sufficient to resolve that ambiguity as a matter of law.
Additionally, or perhaps simply more specifically, the record is insufficient to resolve the question of whether certain trunk lines identified in the City's Cerullo letter are included in the common drainage facilities, for the purpose of interpreting the drainage agreements. Further proceedings are necessary to resolve this issue.
Accordingly, because the language of the drainage agreements is ambiguous and the accompanying documents and extrinsic evidence do not resolve the issue as a matter of law, the trial court should have denied Alleghany's motion for summary judgment.
II Alternative Equitable Lien Argument
As it did in the trial court, Alleghany claims that it has an equitable lien on the funds in the Drainage Fee Account. (See Farmers Ins. Exchange v. Zerin (1997) 53 Cal.App.4th 445, 453-455 [discussing equitable liens].) Discussion of an equitable lien, however, is premature because, to assert an equitable lien, the party must be able to establish a legal claim to the property, the right to payment of a debt. (County of Los Angeles v. Construction Laborers Trust Funds for Southern California Admin. Co. (2006) 137 Cal.App.4th 410, 414.) Alleghany has not yet established to what extent it is entitled to the interpleaded funds from the Drainage Fee Account; therefore, it has not shown that it has an equitable lien.
Having concluded that Alleghany has not established its right to the interpleaded funds, we need not consider whether Alleghany has satisfied other elements of an equitable lien.
The judgment is reversed. Costs are awarded to Beazer. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.278(a)(2).)
We concur: BLEASE , Acting P.J. MAURO ,J.
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Obituary for Gerard Duffe
The Cochran Funeral Home of Blairsville announces the death of Mr. Gerard Duffe, age 80, of Blairsville who passed away on Thursday, February 16, 2012 at his home.
Mr. Duffe was born in Hempstead, New York on September 1, 1931 to the late Christopher & Stella Wienkle Duffe. He was a veteran of the United States Navy. Gerard moved to Blairsville in 1994 from Miami, Florida. He served 25 years as a Police Officer for the City of Miami Police Department and 10 years as a Sergeant for the Broward County Sheriff's Office. He was preceded in death by his wife, Glady "Babe" Duffe, Parents, Brother, Kevin Duffe, Sister, Delores Moses and Grandson, Andrew Howard.
He will be lovingly remembered by all who knew him but especially missed by his family: Daughter, Linda Kirby of Young Harris; Daughter & Son-in-Law, Susan & Bob Howard of Milton Florida; Daughter & Son-in-Law, Annie & Jack Powell of Blairsville; Grandchildren, Sue Ann Clayton, Jamie Blalock, Mary Plott, Elizabeth Guiterez, Melissa Perkins, Joseph Howard, Katie Williams, Ashley Powell, Abby Powell and Jack Connor Powell; and 9 Great Grandchildren.
A private funeral service will be held at a later date.
In lieu of flowers the family requests memorial donations be made to the Alzheimer's Foundation of America, 322 Eighth Ave., 7th fl., New York, NY 10001 or Save the Children, 54 Wilton Road, Westport, CT 06880
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United States District Court, Third Circuit
November 20, 2013
HAROLD M. HOFFMAN, individually and on behalf of those similarly situated, Plaintiff,v.COUNTRY LIFE, LLC, Defendant.
STANLEY R. CHESLER, District Judge.
This matter comes before the Court upon the motion of Plaintiff Harold M. Hoffman, Esq. ("Plaintiff") to remand this putative class action to the Superior Court of New Jersey. [Docket Entry 4.] Defendant Country Life, LLC ("Defendant") has opposed the motion. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 78, the Court will rule on the papers submitted, and without oral argument. For the reasons that follow, Plaintiff's motion will be denied.
I. Background
This consumer fraud class action lawsuit involves allegedly "false and misrepresented claims of product efficacy" made by Defendant about a dietary supplement known as "Omega 3 Mood." (Compl. at 1.) According to the Complaint, Defendant promotes, markets and sells Omega 3 Mood nationwide by making unsubstantiated representations that the product is scientifically formulated to support brain health, emotional health and mood. Plaintiff, who is a citizen of New Jersey residing in Bergen County, alleges that in July 2013, he purchased Omega 3 Mood based on his exposure to Defendant's allegedly false marketing claims regarding the product. He further alleges that because the product is unable to deliver the benefits promised by Defendant, he, and other purchasers of Omega 3 Mood, have sustained ascertainable loss in the amount of the difference between the price paid for the product and the represented value of the product.
On or about August 15, 2013, Plaintiff filed a class action Complaint in New Jersey state court, seeking treble and punitive damages for violation of the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act ("CFA"), N.J.S.A. § 56:8-1, et seq. Plaintiff, who is also an attorney, states in the Complaint that he proposes to act as both class counsel and class representative. The putative class consists of "all nationwide purchasers of Omega 3 Mood for the four year period preceding the filing of this suit." (Compl. at ¶ 30.) Plaintiff asserts in the Complaint that, including compensatory, treble and punitive damages, the total value of the nationwide class claims is less than $5 million.
Defendant removed the action on the basis of diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d), the provision commonly known as the Class Action Fairness Act ("CAFA"). Presently before the Court is Plaintiff's motion to remand the case to the Superior Court of New Jersey.
II. Legal Standard
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c), remand to state court is required where "it appears that the district court lacks subject matter jurisdiction." Here, Defendant asks the Court to exercise jurisdiction pursuant to CAFA, which vests original jurisdiction in the federal district courts to hear "class action" lawsuits in which the proposed class has at least 100 members, "the parties are minimally diverse," and "the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $5,000,000." Standard Fire Ins. Co. v. Knowles, 133 S.Ct. 1345, 1348 (2013) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(2), (d)(5)(B)). To "determine whether the matter in controversy" exceeds the $5 million jurisdictional threshold a district court must aggregate "the claims of individual class members." § 1332(d)(6). In other words, CAFA "tells the District Court to determine whether it has jurisdiction by adding up the value of the claim of each person who falls within the definition of [the] proposed class and determine whether the resulting sum exceeds $5 million." Knowles, 133 S.Ct. at 1348. The Supreme Court has, moreover, expressly held that a named plaintiff's stipulation, made before the proposed class is certified, that the amount in controversy falls below the $5 million threshold does not defeat CAFA jurisdiction because the pre-certification stipulation cannot bind absent class members and thus has no effect on the value of the claims. Id. at 1348-49.
When a class action complaint expressly disclaims the ability to recover the $5 million jurisdictional amount, the Third Circuit instructs that the burden is on the defendant to prove "to a legal certainty that plaintiff can recover" that amount. See Frederico v. Home Depot, 507 F.3d 188, 197 (3d Cir. 2007) (citing Morgan v. Gay, 471 F.3d at 469, 474 (3d Cir. 2006)). The concept of legal certainty is not well defined, but falls somewhere below "absolute certainty" and above "preponderance of the evidence." See Stephenson v. Consol. Rail Corp., No. 13-cv-721 (RBK), 2013 WL 1740005, at *2 (D.N.J. Apr. 23, 2013) (quoting, inter alia, Nelson v. Keefer, 451 F.2d 289, 293 n.6 (3d Cir. 1971)). A court examines both "the dollar figure offered by the plaintiff" and plaintiff's "actual legal claims" to determine whether "the amount in controversy exceeds the statutory threshold." See Morgan, 471 F.3d at 474-75.
In this case, Plaintiff does not contest either the class size or minimal diversity requirement.[1] He does, however, maintain that the action lacks the requisite amount in controversy because, he argues, it cannot be certified as a class action in the District of New Jersey and therefore only his individual damages, based on the purchase of a $32 product, are in controversy. Plaintiff argues, in short, that "rather than a potential class action, this Court has before it a case that involves individual purchase of a single $32 product," which provides no basis for diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332. (Pl. Br. at 5-6.)
Plaintiff's argument is perplexing. To read his Complaint, this case concerns the fraudulent marketing and distribution of "significant quantities of Omega 3 Mood to consumers throughout the nation, including the State of New Jersey." (Compl. at ¶ 7). According to the Complaint, at least, this is exactly the type of case CAFA is intended to address. See Knowles, 133 S.Ct. at 1350 (noting that CAFA's "primary objective" is "ensuring [f]ederal court consideration of interstate cases of national importance."). In contrast, Plaintiff's motion papers characterize this this case as no more than an individual consumer fraud action based on Plaintiff's single $32 purchase and thus no more than $100 at stake (assuming a treble damages award), a damages figure that is substantially less than what it costs to file a civil complaint in New Jersey Superior Court.[2] Something does not compute.
The confusion appears to arise from a fallacy in Plaintiff's argument. In Plaintiff's view, the nature of a putative class action lawsuit somehow changes the moment the suit is removed from state court to federal court. He states that "there can be no dispute that upon removal, class treatment of this case was rendered dead on arrival in the [D]istrict of New Jersey." (Pl. Br. at 2.)
It is Plaintiff's belief that this class cannot be certified pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 in light of his dual role as class counsel and class representative, which the Third Circuit has held creates a conflict of interest. See Kramer v. Scientific Control Corp., 534 F.2d 1085, 1092 (3d Cir. 1976). He further argues that the impossibility of class certification, in turn, means that the only amount in controversy is the amount of his individual damages, an amount that falls far short of the $75,000 threshold for non-class action diversity jurisdiction. An essential part of Plaintiff's flawed argument is the supposition that the CAFA jurisdictional inquiry takes into account events that occur after the initial filing in state court - e.g., removal and class certification. But the actual inquiry is the exact opposite. The Supreme Court has clearly held, in the context of a case removed under CAFA, that the jurisdictional inquiry a court must conduct is limited to examining the case as of the time it was filed in state court.'" See Knowles, 133 S.Ct. at 1349 (quoting Wis. Dep't of Corrs. v. Schacht, 524 U.S. 381, 390 (1998))). The Court, at this time, need not and will not express any opinion on the ultimate success of a motion to certify the class under Rule 23(b)(3). Neither the act of removing the lawsuit to this Court, nor Plaintiff's argument that the class cannot be certified has any bearing on the question of whether this Court has subject matter jurisdiction.
Plaintiff's argument also fails for a more basic reason. CAFA itself expressly defines "class members" for purposes of the jurisdictional calculation to include those persons "who fall within the definition of the proposed or certified class." 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(1)(D) (emphasis added). This Court, as the Supreme Court did in Knowles, interprets § 1332(d)(1)(D) to mean what it says: a "District Court" applying the statute before a motion for class certification is filed "aggregate[s] proposed class members' claims." See 133 S.Ct. 1345 at 1350. Matters relating to Plaintiff's ability to satisfy the class certification requirements of Rule 23(a) and (b)(3) are simply not before the Court on its initial assessment of whether jurisdiction under § 1332(d) exists.[3] Pursuant to established Third Circuit precedent, the jurisdictional inquiry the Court must resolve at this time focuses on whether Defendant can show "to a legal certainty" that the individual claims of all proposed class members aggregate to more than $5 million. If Defendant succeeds in making the requisite showing, remand is inappropriate.
The Court finds that Defendant has satisfied its burden of establishing the existence of subject matter jurisdiction under CAFA. Estimating the actual aggregate losses of the individuals in the proposed class is a "relatively straightforward" process where, as is the case here, Plaintiff brings suit requesting treble damages under the CFA. See Hoffman v. Natural Factors Nutritional Prods., No. 12-7244 (ES), 2013 WL 5467106, at *6 (D.N.J. Sept. 30, 2013). Plaintiff proposes a class that consists of "all nationwide purchasers of Omega 3 Mood for the four year period preceding the filing of this suit." (Compl. at ¶ 30.) Plaintiff alleges that had it not been for Defendant's misrepresentations, he and the other members of the putative class "would not have paid much, if at all, for Omega 3 Mood." (Id. at ¶ 12.) He further alleges that "[i]n truth, the product sold by Defendant can deliver no benefit consistent with Defendant's promises." (Id. at ¶ 18.) The Complaint pleads for damages in the form of the "substantial difference between the price paid by consumers, including plaintiff, for the Defendant's product and the represented value of the product," which Plaintiff alleges is negligible. (Compl. at ¶¶ 26, 28.) As evidence of the amount in controversy, Defendant submits the Declaration of its Chief Operating Officer (the "Declaration"). The Declaration states that Omega 3 Mood is sold in bottles of 90 or 180 gel capsules which retail for $31.99 and $59.99, respectively. The Declaration further states that, during the four-year period between September 9, 2009 through September 9, 2013, Defendant shipped 145,285 units of the 90 capsule bottles and 20,200 bottles of the 180 capsule bottles to distributors and retailers. Given Plaintiff's definition of the class, the class period, and his allegation that customers received little to no value for the product purchased, Defendant properly calculates the amount in controversy by multiplying all Omega 3 Mood product units shipped nationwide during the class period by the retail value of the units. According to the Declaration, this calculation results in an aggregate retail value of $5,860,665. This figure does not include tax and shipping costs, and it does not account for the proposed class's entitlement to treble and punitive damages on a successful CFA claim. The evidence submitted by Defendant suffices to prove "to a legal certainty" that the claims of the proposed class exceed $5 million in the aggregate. Frederico, 507 F.3d at 197. As such, and finding that the other requirements of 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(2) satisfied, the Court concludes that it has subject matter jurisdiction over this action.
III. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will deny Plaintiff's motion to remand. An appropriate Order accompanies this Opinion.
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2 questions about domain and many2one
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Costco might be my favorite place to shop, ever.
Sure, I've rattled on about Ikea, have praised the store concepts of Verizon and I believe retailers can copy the atmosphere of the Apple Store. But none of them hold a candle to Costco.
Please, tell me if I am alone with this. But I think not.
There is a rush with Costco like none other. The excitement comes with pulling out your membership card to be clicked into the warehouse, for instance. That rush, if you're like me, is a little like the anticipation I had as a child Christmas morning. There is always something new (albeit, a lot of items I don't really need) to pique my interest – and that thill of discovery is indeed just like getting a gift from Santa.
Costco and its model.
It begins with the membership. Actually, we should look at it differently than a membership. What we are really paying for is a kind of exclusivity. Membership can be a hurdle in some cases (like credit unions, but that's because of other factors). Mostly, however, an emotional driver is being part of an exclusive club.
In this case, Costco promises lower prices (especially in bulk) but members have found that it offers loss leaders that give it some pizzaz.
Consider this from investopida.com:
"The biggest Costco loss leaders in America right now are rotisserie chicken, the hot dog & soda combo and gas. A Bloomberg article has calculated that Costco earns only $14 million in profit a year on its sale of 70 million chickens…These chickens, placed deep into the store along with the cheap fruits and vegetables, mean that customers have to walk through lots of merchandise to pick one up – and hopefully, along the way, they'll grab some other products to make their trip to Costco worthwhile."
It's true. Every time I venture to Costco I normally have one product in mind that I need to pick-up. To find that in the warehouse takes time. In that time, there is much space to cover; space filled with unique goods and samples and odds and ends. Consequentially, by the time I hit the checkout line, I have a full cart. I'm also considering grabbing a slice of pizza or a hot dog on the way out.
Of course I go with the hot dog. I mean, who can beat a large soda and hot dog for a buck fifty?


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By Farron Cousins, on July 7th, 2012
Part 3 in a series, see Part 1 and Part 2.
Perhaps more than any other sitting U.S. President, Barack Obama has been Commander in Chief through some of the most obvious examples of what climate change will do to America. The last few weeks alone have given us severe . . . → Read More: DeSmogBlog: What To Expect When You're Electing: President Barack Obama
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June 2, 2009
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF,v.CENOBIO HUMBERTO HERRERA, SR., DEFENDANT.
Defendant's Request to Represent Himself
First, with respect to defendant's request to represent himself for purposes of the limited remand ordered in United States v. Herrera, 219 Fed. Appx. 686 (9th Cir. June 23, 2007), and as ordered by the Ninth Circuit in its February 23, 2009 Order (in Case No. 08-50138), the Court has conducted a hearing as required by Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806 (1975). The Court has reviewed all of the relevant materials in the case file, including Defendant's "Substitution of Attorney and Declaration of Defendant Cenobio H. Herrera, Sr. as Acting in Propria Persona, Sui Juris [Pro Se] Motion" (CR 265); Defendant's counsel's "Reply to Court's Order dated August 3, 2007 Re: Joint Status Report, Request to Be Relieved as Counsel of Record for Defendant Herrera" (CR 267); the Court's August 31, 2007 Order (CR 268); the Government's "Request for Hearing as to Remand Order" (CR 318); Defendant's "Petition for Review of Order Pursuant to FRAP 15" (CR 320); Defendant's "Motion for Appointment of Counsel after Remand from the Ninth Circuit" (CR 322); and Defendant's "Motion to Withdraw Motion to Appoint Counsel" (CR 329). The Court has heard from counsel for both parties, as well as from Defendant, at hearings on May 8, 2009 and May 20, 2009. Moreover, the Court has had the opportunity to observe Defendant's behavior on numerous previous occasions, including during a previous sentencing hearing at which Defendant sought, for a time, to represent himself.
Having considered all papers submitted, all arguments made, and the colloquies with counsel and Defendant, the Court hereby FINDS AS FOLLOWS:
1. At the May 20, 2009 hearing, Defendant stated unequivocally that he wishes to represent himself.
2. The Government advised Defendant, orally and in writing, regarding the nature of the charges for which Defendant was convicted. Defendant stated that he understood this information, and still wished to represent himself.
3. The Government advised Defendant, orally and in writing, regarding the possible penalties for the offenses, including stating the statutory maximum terms of imprisonment and the applicable mandatory minimum terms of imprisonment, supervised release, fines, restitution, and special assessments and personal ineligibility and reduced family eligibility for certain state benefits and food stamp benefits. The Government also advised Defendant regarding the actual sentence previously imposed by the Court. The Defendant stated that he understood this information, and still wished to represent himself.
4. The Court advised Defendant regarding the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation, both generally, and specifically in relation to the current limited Ameline remand. The Government also provided this information to Defendant in writing, which Defendant stated that he had received and reviewed. The Defendant stated that he understood this information, and still wished to represent himself.
5. The Court further advised Defendant of the Rules of Procedure and Courtroom protocol that the Court intended to follow with respect to the remaining Ameline remand procedures. The Government also provided this information to Defendant in writing, which Defendant stated that he had received and reviewed. The Defendant stated that he understood this information, and still wished to represent himself.
6. Defendant's request is timely, and not made for purposes of delay.
7. Defendant's request to represent himself is knowing, voluntary and intelligent.
8. Defendant is literate, competent, and capable of representing himself in this matter.
9. At the May 20, 2009 hearing, Defendant signed a waiver of the right to counsel, which the Court now makes a part of the record in this matter.
ACCORDINGLY, THE COURT ORDERS THAT Defendant may represent himself for purposes of the limited remand ordered in United States v. Herrera, 219 Fed. Appx. 686 (9th Cir. June 23, 2007).
Determination Pursuant to Ameline Remand
Second, with respect to the limited remand itself, the Court has reviewed all relevant materials in the case file, including: the Court's personal knowledge relating to the trial in this matter and any documents filed therein; the documents filed and hearings held with respect to Defendant's initial sentencing on December 16, 2003; the Government's "Status Report Regarding Limited Remand Pursuant to United States v. Ameline" (CR 282); the Court's October 30, 2007 Order regarding the Ameline remand (CR 283); Defendant's "Motion to Set Aside Court's Ruling and Order after Consideration of Joint Status Reports, for Excusable Neglect and Good Cause" (CR 290); the Government's "Opposition to Motion to Set Aside Judgment" (CR 298); the Court's March 6, 2008 Order Granting Defendant's Motion to Reconsider and Order Declining to Adjust Defendant's Previously Issued Sentence (CR 300); and Defendant's April 24, 2009 "Written Argument for Preservation of Record after Remand from the Circuit Court and Request for De Novo PSR and De Novo Resentencing" (CR 324).
On May 20, 2009, the Court asked both parties whether either side wished to file anything further regarding the limited remand, now that Defendant's self-representation had been established. The Government stated that it would rely on previously filed documents. Defendant stated that he had filed his April 24, 2009 "Written Argument" in anticipation of this hearing, and did not have anything further to add to that filing.
In this case, the Ninth Circuit has ordered a limited remand in this case pursuant to United States v. Ameline, 409 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2005). An Ameline remand serves to enable the Ninth Circuit to determine whether the Court committed plain error when it sentenced Defendant at a time before the Supreme Court held in United States v. Booker, 125 S.Ct. 738 (2005), that the United States Sentencing Guidelines were advisory. To this end, the remand requires the Court initially to answer only a single question from the Circuit that will determine whether plain error occurred: "whether the sentence imposed would have been materially different had the district court known that the Guidelines were advisory." Ameline, 409 F.3d at 1084.
The Ninth Circuit has made plain that the Ameline remand is a limited one. Ameline, 409 F.3d at 1079-80. If the Court determines that it would not have imposed a materially different sentence, the plain error inquiry is complete and resentencing is unnecessary.
Id. at 1085. As such, the Court should rely on the existing record of evidence introduced at the defendant's original sentencing. United States v. Crosby, 397 F.3d 103, 120 (2d Cir. 2005), abrogation on other grounds recognized in United States v. Lake, 419 F.3d 111, 113 (2d Cir. 2005)(decision whether to resentence is "based on circumstances at the time of the original sentence"); Ameline, 409 F.3d at 1086 (adopting limited remand procedure articulated in Crosby). This principle was implicit throughout the Ameline opinion, which twice stated that the sentencing court presumably already knows the answer to the relevant question. Ameline, 409 F.3d at 1079-80. The Court should, though, invite written argument from counsel and defendant as to whether defendant's sentence would have been materially different from what it was under the mandatory guidelines, had the Court known that the Guidelines are advisory only. Id. at 1085.
Having reviewed and considered the entire file as stated above, and having the legal standards in mind, this Court FINDS AND ORDERS AS FOLLOWS:
1. The Court gave the parties the opportunity to file further argument regarding the Ameline question. Both parties stated that they would rely on previously filed documents, and needed no further opportunity to be heard.
2. Defendant has moved for preservation of documents and the record. Although it is not clear from defendant's motion which documents he wishes preserved, the Court believes that defendant has asked the Court to review the entire record and all documents filed in making its decision. The Court GRANTS this Motion, and takes judicial notice of all such documents and records.
3. Defendant has also moved for de novo pre-sentence report and de novo sentencing. However, as discussed above, the remand to this Court was limited. Unless the Court rules that defendant's sentence would have been materially different had the Court known that the Sentencing Guidelines were advisory, no expanded, or de novo, sentencing is appropriate. As the Court does not so rule, Defendant's Motion is DENIED.
4. With respect to the Ameline question posed, the Court would not have imposed a materially different sentence upon Defendant had the Court known that the Sentencing Guidelines were advisory at the time of Defendant's original sentencing. The Court has taken into consideration not only the Sentencing Guidelines, but also the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), as more explicitly discussed in the Government's filings at CR 282, 298. The Court believes that the original sentence was reasonable and appropriate in light of these factors.
Defendant has urged the Court to consider his "age, exemplary and honorable military record, recidivism, family, disparity, [and] parsimony." (CR 324 at page 2, CR 290). The Court does consider these factors. In fact, each of these factors was known to the Court at the time of Defendant's original sentencing. However, the Court continues to believe that the sentence imposed was the appropriate sentence, and would not have materially altered that sentence had it known that the Sentencing Guidelines were advisory. The Court understands that it has the authority to consider and impose a non-Guidelines sentence, and declines to do so for the reasons set forth herein, in the Government's briefings in this matter, and in the Court's previous rulings.
Accordingly, it is ORDERED that Defendant's sentence remains the same.
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China's inflation slowed to an 18-month low of 1.8% on year in April from 2.4% in March and came in below consensus of 2%. Factory-gate prices (PPI) dropped for the 26th consecutive month with a decline of 2%. With other data indicating that China's economy is slowing down, economists attributed the fall in CPI to a weakness in demand. Today's data has increased expectations that the government will further ease monetary and fiscal policy.
Germany's exports fell 1.8% on month in March after dropping 1.3% in February and missed forecasts, with the crisis in Ukraine and China's slowdown weighing on the figure. Imports declined 0.9% and the trade surplus slipped to €14.8B from €15.8B. "With ongoing geopolitical problems and the slowing emerging economies, it looks as if Germany's famous export engine could still be sputtering for a while," says ING economist Carsten Brzeski.
Advertising giants Omnicom and Publicis have called off their $35B merger, citing "difficulties in completing the transaction within a reasonable time frame." The news is not a surprise given that these difficulties had been well publicized. The problems between Omnicom (NYSE:OMC) and Publicis (OTCQX:PUBGY) included obtaining tax and other regulatory approvals, and differences over which executives would take leading positions, particularly the job of CFO.
Apple is reportedly nearing an agreement to pay $3.2B to acquire headphone maker Beats Electronics, which was founded by rapper Dr. Dre and music executive Jimmy Iovine. A deal would be the biggest in Apple's (NASDAQ:AAPL) history and represent a departure from the reticence that Steve Jobs showed for large purchases. It would also include Beats Music, a streaming service launched in January to compete with Spotify and Pandora (NYSE:P).
Hilton Worldwide's Q1 EPS of $0.13 beat forecasts by $0.04, while revenues grew 4.4% to $2.36B and topped consensus by $20M. Hilton's (NYSE:HLT) shares were +1.55% premarket.
CBS's Q1 net profit from continuing operations rose 6% to $468M and adjusted EPS of $0.79 topped expectations. However, revenue slipped 4.5% to $3.86B, due to the company broadcasting the highly lucrative Super Bowl in the comparable period in 2013 but not this year. Still, increased licensing fees from CBS's (NYSE:CBS) Showtime network helped the company offset the lack of major ad revenues that are generated by showing the Super Bowl.
Telefonica's Q1 earnings missed analyst expectations as net profit slumped 23% to €692M ($957.5M), hurt by forex turmoil in Latin America, declining revenues, and the divestment of the telecom carrier's Czech business last year. Sales fell 14% to €12.2B, with revenues in Spain, Germany and Latin America dropping sharply. Telefonica's (NYSE:TEF) shares were -2.8% in Madrid at the time of writing.
ArcelorMittal's EBITDA rose 12% to $1.75B in Q1 and met analyst expectations, while revenue edged up 0.2% to $19.79B. The steel giant's net loss narrowed to $205M from $345M a year earlier, with the latest figure affected by $1.08B in depreciation and amortization. "The prospects for growth in our core markets in Europe and the U.S. are encouraging and overall we remain cautiously optimistic," ArcelorMittal (NYSE:MT) CEO Lakshmi Mittal said. Notwithstanding that optimism, shares were -2.4% premarket.
Alcatel-Lucent's Q1 net loss narrowed to €73M ($101M) from €353M a year earlier, helped by lower costs and an 11% increase in revenue at the telecom-equipment company's Internet-routing division. Overall sales fell 3.3% to €2.96B, mainly because of the increase in the euro vs the dollar and a 50% fall to €99M at the firm's managed-services business. Still, Alcatel-Lucent (ALU) swung to an adjusted operating profit of €33M from a loss of €179M and beat expectations for break-even. Shares were +1.2% premarket.
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles is set to be based in London when Fiat (FIATY) and Chrysler complete the merger of their operations, CEO Sergio Marchionne says. The U.K. capital represents something of a compromise between Michigan, where Chrysler is located, and Fiat's home country of Italy. And as Pfizer (NYSE:PFE) is well aware, the U.K. offers attractive tax benefits.
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text:
Pearl Harbor Survivor Honored In Quincy On 75th Anniversary Of AttackFor a 94-year-old Marshfield man, the commemoration of the attack is personal.
Eye On Education: Medway Engineering Class Brings Students Knowledge, JoyThe Medway school system is teaching engineering thanks to a grant from Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Globe: Braintree Father Builds Drug Company To Battle Son's CancerA Braintree father whose son was battling neuroblastoma, an especially dangerous form of childhood cancer, teamed with a doctor and some high-powered help to create a drug company dedicated to saving the lives of children.
Woman Finds Memorial Bracelet On Cape Cod Beach, Sends It To Gold Star FatherA discovery on a Cape Cod beach brought together a woman from Falmouth and a Gold Star Father in Oregon. And both believe the connection is far more than blind luck.
Business Booming Again At Lancaster Turkey Farm Months After Devastating FireBusiness is cranking again at Bob's Turkey Farm after a fire ripped through the business this summer.
Patriots Volunteer At Home Built For Injured Army VeteranArmy Sgt. Chris Gomes got to see his soon to be new home, with help from some special volunteers.
Ipswich Robotics Students Help Whale Researcher With 'SnotBot' DroneWhen we talk about exposing kids to 'STEM' in schools, what could be better than having them apply that knowledge to a real-world problem?
Fitchburg Elementary Students Cast Ballots In Mock ElectionAs Crocker Elementary School goes, so goes the nation. Bet you haven't heard that one before.
Annual Gingerbread House Competition Helps HomelessIt's opening day for the Boston Christmas Festival at the World Trade Center and the gingerbread houses are front and center.
Activists Demand Boston Public Schools Expand Transportation ProgramBoston does not provide transportation if students live less than two miles from their schools. On Wednesday, some people called for that to change.
Pete Frates Receives Ron Burton Community Service AwardHe's the king of the Ice Bucket Challenge to fight ALS. And today Pete Frates received an award that's dear to everyone at WBZ-TV.
Army Veteran's Charity Teaches Guitar To Underprivileged Children In UgandaA North Andover native is using music to help underprivileged children in Uganda.


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Cambridge Road
Visitor Information
Welcome to our guide for the area around Cambridge Road in Bexley. Below we present a selection of upcoming events, local attractions and great places to eat and shop.
The nearest station to Cambridge Road is Sidcup Railway Station which is about 16 minutes to the North East.
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Railway Stations
Further articles featuring Cambridge Road on LondonTown.com
Discover what's on in London 2016 with our comprehensive guide to the best events. From theatre to art and music to sport, London 2016 has something for everyone - so read on to find out what London town has to offer.
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Park Row, SE10 | 5.7 miles from Cambridge Road
The pub achieved notoriety selling whitebait (still on the menu) but now the Trafalgar Tavern is a refreshment point for the capital's many visitors. It's hardly ... More
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60 Greenwich Church Street, SE10 | 5.7 miles from Cambridge Road
in the shadow of the Cutty Sark , the grade I listed pub the Gipsy Moth has a large outdoor seating area, ... More
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330-332 Brockley Road, SE4 | 5.8 miles from Cambridge Road
After a fire gutted the building in December 2012, Jam Circus re-opens on 7th November 2013 welcoming back Brockley drinkers with its wide selection of ales, ... More
There are 30 roads in London called Cambridge Road
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