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Hugo boss boys shirt collared longsleeve white with navy collar and pale blue roll up sleeves.Navy strip down the middle of the shirt. *100% cotton *100% cotton trimming


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Fazer gröna kulor – pear marmalade Sweets 500g: These distinctive Finnish sweets are pear flavoured marmalade balls, coated in sugar. They are tasty, tempting, and just the thing when you really fancy a sweet treat.
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Just like chocolate, these marmalade balls are a must for Christmas in many Scandinavian homes. The round and soft marmalade balls elicits childhood memories for many families.
The marmalade has been a part of Fazer's Christmas range since the late 1800s when Karl Fazer brought the recipe from St. Petersburg, where he studied. The green balls were first sold in Helsinki in 1929. The crown on the marmalade box has become a well-known symbol for Fazer's marmalade.
Three generations of the British royal family has received Fazer's marmalade as a gift. The marmalade was first sent to King Edward VII in 1902 to celebrate his coronation. In 1947, the marmalade was sent as a wedding gift to Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen. In order to maintain the tradition, Fazer also sent the marmalade sweets as a wedding present when Kate Middleton and Prince William were married in 2011.
This is perfect as a Christmas gift or to share as an after dinner sweet. To shop our full Fazer range, click here.
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2006 Kia Sedona Minivan LX 4dr Minivan (3.8L 6cyl 5A)
2006 Kia Sedona Minivan EX 4dr Minivan (3.8L 6cyl 5A)
This has been a phenomenal vehicle for me and my family. We've put 170K miles on it since we bought it in '06. It's been on numerous trips from Houston to Ohio and Michigan and other 1000 mile treks. The only issues with it have been self inflicted damage to the rear suspension on a few occasions. Really wish it had a little more hauling capacity. We changed out the head unit for a more modern system so the entertainment and Bluetooth is better than stock. Replacing the spark plugs was not fun but not impossible. Rides as smooth as silk. Very good engine & transaxle - no issues. Kia did this one very right.
2006 Kia Sedona Minivan EX 4dr Minivan (3.8L 6cyl 5A)
Never had any major problems, bought it brand new in 2006 has great performance good gas mileage plenty of room and has been 100% dependable I put one set of tires on it into batteries and just regular maintenance
2006 Kia Sedona Minivan LX 4dr Minivan (3.8L 6cyl 5A)
I bought this minivan after having owned a 1994 Grand Caravan and then owned a 2001 Dodge Caravan. What attracted me to this van was value. At that time (10 years ago, in 2006) the Chrysler products offered only stow-and-go on the higher trim levels and captains chairs in the middle row, and rear air-conditioning and heat was not available in the base model. The Chrysler twins: Grand Caravan/Chrysler Town and Country, only offered the bigger engine (the 3.8 liter and later the 4.0 liter) on the upscale models with more options. The base engine (3.3 Liter at 185 HP pushing nearly 5,000 lbs) was sluggish and the base model had rear drum brakes and not disks. Also the car had a leaf spring rear suspension, not independent rear suspension. To move a 3.8 Liter engine, (at about 225 HP) and rear disk brakes, middle seat as a captain chairs and not a bench and a stow-and-go seating , instead of removing a very heavy rear back seat ) required going from $21k to $29k in the Dodge Caravan and to go to nearly $32k in the Chrysler Town and Country. A jump of $8k in price is very significant. So for me, I wanted to be in the low 20's in the purchase price, not mid 20's or low thirties . The Kia was available only in trim levels: EX and LX with all the same options, but basically the LX added power sliding doors, leather, and wood grain accents to HVAC area. So for around $21k for the Kia, you were getting rear-air and heat, and big engine, and better handling and power than the mid-to-higher priced Chrysler. You need to spend at least $10,000 more to get the same options from Chrysler. To me, it was a very good value.
After owning the car for 10 years, here's what is good about it and bad about it. On the plus side, the big 3.8 Liter engine puts out nearly 250 HP and this van, really moves. It's not a sports car, but for a mini-van, it has very good power. It's handling is very, very car like and you feel like you are basically driving a big car. It handles better than the Chrysler. The Dodge Caravan (Dodge is Chrysler) is basically a big box on wheels. After 5 or 6 years, you start hearing crackling and noise, but the Kia is still quiet inside the cabin at 10 years of age. I did basic oil changes and I changed the transmission fluid at 60k miles and again at 120k miles. There was an electrical harness problem, but the dealer fixed it under warranty. While under warranty, the repairs are none out of pocket. The repairs however cost a lot more money once the car ages. For example to do a simple tune up, because the car has a D.O.H.C wide engine, you need to take off the intake plenum to get to the rear spark plugs. The E.G.R system is expensive and very complex, with a lot of sensors. One annoying thing I found is that the steel cable under the car that lowers the spare tire is very, very hard to pull the spare tire up once the car is jacked up and you have a flat. The factory supplied jackstand is a joke, and do yourself a favor and buy yourself a hydraulically assisted jack stand that can lift a truck, because that's what you really have in terms of weight. The new Kia's don't even come with a spare tire! What a joke not to provide a spare tire! The cable that lower the spare tire snapped on 3 occasions in my case ($300 each time) and is a non-warranty item. i started carrying my spare in my trunk. If the cable snaps and the spare tire falls into the car behind you while at high way speed, this will kill the passengers in the car behind you on a highway. So the cable snapping that supports the spare tire is no joke. It may have never happened to others, but over 10 years it did happen to me. The car never overheated. Has proven to be very reliable overall. The car with good care can easily go past 150,000 miles. The cost to maintain is high once you get past the warranty stage. It doesn't have the transmission problems I had in the Dodge Caravan's I've owned. Those had reliable engines, but not so reliable transmissions, which both the 1994 and the 2001 I had required a rebuild (first one at 75,000 miles) and the second one at 90,000 miles). The Kia so far never missed a shift. I also like it's non-CVT transmission so many, many repair shops know how to deal with it if you do have a problem. The Dodge products required a new water pump in one case, at 65,000 miles. Not the Kia. I still have the original water pump. The engine is chain driven, not belt driven, another way to make sure you don't have the cost of replacing a timing belt.
So in sum, it's a great family car. It was a great value in its time relative what was available in 2006. I got a fully loaded minivan, for the price of the no-frills model in the Dodge Caravan. (I've owned two of them previously). The van had none of the problems of my previous Dodge Caravans: No transmission problem, water pump failure, or other super expensive repairs. The interior remains quiet and free of rattle and wind noise even 10 years later.Recommend.
2006 Kia Sedona Minivan EX 4dr Minivan (3.8L 6cyl 5A)
Bought this car in 2010 when family expanded with twins. Rear passenger power door works about about 10% of the time. Only a few trips to mechanic for some leaks, oil and radiator. But expensive repairs when needed. Blows signal bulbs and headlight bulbs every three months, which I learned to fix proficiently on my own. Drove this van on numerous family trips all over, and some very long distance trips as well. Never once did it break down and leave us stranded, never once did it fail to start. Not the highest quality, but great value. I couldn't afford a Honda or Toyota, but those have their own problems too, just research them. Also we were severely rear ended with all of my kids in the car, including a three year-old in the third row seat. The rear window blew up but the door stayed solid and didn't come anywhere near the third row. At the end of the day I would trust a Kia with my family.
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Not far from the city, but a long way from the hustle and bustle of city life, things move at a much more relaxed pace in Creemore. A stroll down the character-rich main street will generate a friendly greeting from nearly everyone you encounter, yet despite its small-town nature, Creemore has a thriving business community.
The surrounding countryside, predominantly farmland, is made up of the Townships of Clearview and Mulmur, including the Hamlet of Dunedin, Glen Huron and Duntroon, and the Town of Stayner. To the west is the world famous Niagara Escarpment, an outdoor enthusiast's paradise that offers hiking and cycling trails, caving and rock climbing, and downhill and cross-country skiing.
Whether your dream includes owning a farm house estate in the country or a home in the enchanting village of Creemore, our Creemore real estate agents are here to help you find your perfect escape from the city.
Creemore Area Map
Central Ontario Real Estate
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Mini Lalaloopsy Style 'N' Swap Carry Along Playhouse with Cinder Slippers
Lalaloopsy Minis Cinder Slippers is sew excited to have all her friends over to her new shoppe. Now she just has to decide between her two new dresses for the opening event!
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Christian Kemos is a partner in Freitas McCarthy MacMahon & Keating LLP, which he joined in 2008. He practices as a litigation counselor for businesses and individuals in commercial litigation, ADA defense, employment defense, and commercial and r...
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Rebecca's undergraduate degree in Social Work carries forward in her caring and passionate attitude toward representing her clients in tax issues, including tax levies, offer in compromise. Her practice includes preparing trust plans (trust, pour ...
Practice areas & skills: Estate Planning, Tax, Business
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Matthew began working in family law in 2002 when he starting working for Rachel Castrejon, a family law attorney. He was soon working for Ali Quam, who is currently the family law facilitator for Marin County. He expanded his experience into crimi...
Practice areas & skills: Family
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Rodrigo Dias has been representing clients throughout the San Francisco Bay Area in family law matters since 2007. He began his legal career as a partner at Ragghianti Freitas LLP in San Rafael. In 2011, Rodrigo started the Law Offices of Rodrig...
Practice areas & skills: Family, Child Custody, Divorce & Separation, Child Support, Marriage & Prenuptials
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David Suddendorf, Esq. is a 35-year trial attorney, former managing partner of a 130-lawyer San Francisco firm and general counsel of a $3 billion insurance company. Dave has managed law firms of various sizes as well as in-house departments. He ...
Practice areas & skills: Personal Injury, Employment & Labor, Insurance, Commercial
5.0 stars 1 review
Avvo Rating: 8.2
Review: "With every real estate concern that I have presented to Brian, from home purchase to landlord/tenant concerns, etc., Brian has been effective, helpful, and knowledgeable. I highly recommend Brain for real estate law, and...
Practice areas & skills: Real Estate, Estate Planning, Business
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text: i updated my ipod to 1.1.3 then i downgraded to 1.1.1 and i did the "oktoprep". now i am at 1.1.2 jailbroken... nothing changes when i choose a different theme or different icons or whatever. in both customize and summerboard. even after i restart the springboard. i went in to cyberduck( winscp for mac) and made sure the permissions were set to 755 oh yeah... for some odd reason. i have the stupid dock for the 1.1.3 firmware... is it something to do with the firmware or what? please help got it nvm.. haha im stupid


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Rob Pardo
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Rob Pardo (alias EnoYls) Was the Vice President of Game Design at Blizzard Entertainment, announcing his retirement from the company on July 3, 2014.[1] Prior to his position at Blizzard, he was a producer at Interplay. He holds a degree from the University of California at Irvine.[1]
He does not post frequently on the official forums. [2]
Pardo is the namesake of Tracker Pardo, a Night Elf hunter ally in the World of WarCraft Trading Card Game.
References Edit
- ^ LinkedIn: Rob Pardo. Retrieved on 2008-02-28.
- ^ WoW BlueTracker: Why doesn't Rob Pardo post here? (2006-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-02-28.


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The average cost for a Fuel Tank Replacement is between $1565 and $1750. Labor costs are estimated between $699 and $883 while parts are priced between $866 and $867. Estimate does not include taxes and fees.
Fuel Tank Replacement Cost for BMW 335xi
Fuel Tank Replacement Estimate (National Average)
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Parts & Labor Breakdown
Labor: $699 - $883
Parts: $866 - $867
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New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division
April 03, 2002
S.D., APPELLANT,v.DIVISION OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE AND HEALTH SERVICES AND MONMOUTH COUNTY BOARD OF SOCIAL SERVICES, RESPONDENT.
On appeal from the Office of Administrative Law, HMA-6332-00.
Before Judges King, Cuff and Wecker.
Submitted: February 14, 2002
Appellant challenges the decision of the agency, the Division of Medical Assistance and Health Services, setting her eligibility date for Medicaid benefits at July 1, 2000 instead of July 1, 1999. In reaching this decision on behalf of the agency, the Director of the Division "reversed" the decision of the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) and rejected his factual findings and legal conclusions, including his eligibility date recommendation.
The factual issue at the OAL hearing before the ALJ was whether the appellant received proper notice of the $2000 "pay down" requirement for Medicaid eligibility. In his "factual discussion" the ALJ explained the situation this way.
The essential facts in this matter are not in dispute[]. Marie Drutz, testifying on behalf of respondent county welfare agency (CWA), testified that on March 9, 1999, the petitioner's daughter F.R. applied for Medicaid-only eligibility on behalf of petitioner. The petitioner had been previously admitted to a nursing home on October 16, 1998. At the time of the application, the petitioner had resources of $13,211. Ms. Drutz was advised that petitioner's daughter, F.R., had been advised to spend down petitioner's resources to the $2,000 eligibility limit. Ms. Drutz explained that the petitioner's income continued to accumulate in her bank accounts and, as a result, she was not resource eligible until December 1999 resulting in her being eligible for Medicaid only as of January 1, 2000.
As part of the efforts by F.R. to spend down petitioner's resources, life insurance policies were cashed in and the proceeds were used for a prepaid burial in May 1999. Ms. Drutz explained that one of the problems was that on May 24, 1999, the petitioner's daughter used her own funds to pay a nursing home bill in the amount of $2,367. There was $3,553 in petitioner's bank accounts as of June 1999.
On cross-examination Ms. Drutz testified that she [F.R.] was not present on the date of the initial application made on behalf of petitioner. She understood that F.R. had problems in her family and her husband was sick, and there were some other difficulties.
Deneen Wyche testified that in April 1999, she sent a notice entitled "Important Notice" advising petitioner's daughter of the necessity to spend down the petitioner's resources to the $2,000 eligibility limitation. On cross-examination she admitted that she had been involved in more than 20 cases but that she recalled sending the "Important Notice" in this case. She also spoke to F.R. about the spend down on March 28, 1999, according to her notes. She recalled that F.R. was moving, had problems with her back and also had lost documentation necessary for this matter.
F.R., the daughter of the petitioner testified that petitioner was admitted to the nursing home in October 1998. She was advised to apply for Medicaid when petitioner's account balances fell under $10,000 and that is what she did. She testified that she was completely unaware of the resource eligibility limitation of $2,000 and that she was required to spend down her mother's resources to that amount. The first notice she received of the necessity to spend down resources was the "Important Notice" which she received in December 1999, or January 2000.
The ALJ then proceeded with his "Legal Discussion and Analysis" in this fashion:
It is undisputed that through the month of December 1999, petitioner had resources which exceeded the sum of $2,000. N.J.A.C. 10:71-4.1(e) requires that eligibility be determined as of the first day of the month and that if an applicant's resources exceed $2,000 the applicant is not eligible for Medicaid only.
Petitioner does not dispute the foregoing, but argues based on B.W. v. Division of Medical Assistance and Health Services, 95 N.J.A.R. 2d (DMA) 2 that petitioner should be eligible at an earlier date because of the failure of the respondent to notify the petitioner of the eligibility requirement. In the B.W. case, the petitioner's granddaughter was never counseled by a representative of the Medicaid office regarding Medicaid eligibility and the significance of having resources in excess of $2,000. Thus, the issue in that case was whether the county welfare agency has the obligation to affirmatively counsel a client regarding eligibility. In that matter the ALJ relied upon N.J.A.C. 10:71-2.2(c) and Meyer v. Dept. of Human Services, 269 N.J. Super. 310 (App. Div. 1993), in holding that it is the county welfare agency's responsibility to notify ineligible persons of the reasons for the ineligibility. Because the CWA in that matter failed to counsel the applicant's granddaughter regarding eligibility limits triggering Medicaid benefits the ALJ held that the applicant was eligible as of a date when petitioner could have paid a nursing home bill which would have left the applicant eligible to receive[] Medicaid benefits.
In the present matter petitioner's daughter testified to her use of her own funds to pay a nursing home bill on June 24, 1999. Other payments from her mother's account in the amount of $8,943 in June 1999 left a balance of resources in her mother's account of approximately $2,122. Thus, if petitioner daughter paid a portion of her mother's available resources to the nursing home instead of using her own funds, petitioner would have been eligible for Medicaid only as of June 1, 1999.
The CWA representative testified that in April 1999, she sent a notice advising petitioner's daughter of the necessity to spend down the petitioner's resources to the $2,000 eligibility limitation, and she also spoke to F.R. about the spend down on May 28, 1999, according to her notes. Petitioner's daughter testified that she was completely unaware of the resource eligibility limitation of $2,000 and that the first notice she received of the necessity to spend down resources was in December 1999, or January 2000. I FIND that it is unlikely that petitioner's daughter would have used her own funds to pay a nursing home bill on June 24, 1999, if she had been notified of the necessity to spend down the petitioner's resources to the eligibility limitation of $2,000.
Based on this and based on the holding in B.W. case, I FIND that petitioner should be granted Medicaid only eligibility as of July 1, 1999. [Emphasis supplied.]
In her December 21, 2000 final agency decision, the Director did not consider or discuss the pay-down notice issue and the conflict in the testimony inherent therein, which had been resolved in appellant's favor by the ALJ. The Director in a conclusory manner simply stated that she "has reviewed the record" and finds the "ALJ's recommendation granting eligibility is in error and should be reversed." There was no discussion or analysis, no mention of the credibility conflict, and no mention of notice of the $10,000 versus $2,000 pay-down limit issue.
The principles controlling our review of agency review of an ALJ's fact-finding are clearly described in Lefelt, Miragliotta and Prunty, Administrative Law & Practice, New Jersey Practice Series, § 7.20 at 390-91 (2000 2d ed. & Supp.) (Lefelt).
§ 7.20 The Standard for Judicially Reviewing Findings of Fact in an Agency Adjudication
. . . The matter is more complicated if the agency head reversed the ALJ's factual findings. A reviewing court need give no deference to the agency head on the credibility issue where the agency head, based upon a review of the transcript and documentary evidence, rejects the judge's recommended findings of facts, since it was the administrative law judge, and not the agency head, who heard the live testimony, and who was in a position to judge the witnesses' credibility.12 [12Clowes v. Terminix Int'l, 109 N.J. 575, 538 A.2d 794 (1988).]
With regard to other findings, the law still requires a reviewing court to assess the agency head's findings and determine whether they are supported by sufficient credible evidence present in the record as a whole.13 [13Close v. Kordulak Bros., 44 N.J. 589, 210 A.2d 753 (1965).]
One of the best protections against an agency exercising discretionary power arbitrarily is found in the requirement that findings and reasons be set forth so that a reviewing court can assess the agency determination.14 [14In re Hawley, 98 N.J. 108, 484 A.2d 684 (1984).]
Under the review standard for agency fact finding, a difference of opinion between the Appellate Division and the agency head concerning the evidential persuasiveness of relevant proofs will not cause a reversal.15 [15Dore v. Board of Educ. of Bedminster Tp., 185 N.J. Super. 447, 453, 449 A.2d 547, 550 (App. Div. 1982).] It is not the function of the courts to substitute their independent judgment on the facts for that of an administrative agency. The court will usually not review the evidence, determine the credibility of witnesses, draw inferences and conclusions from the evidence or resolve conflicts therein.16 [16In re Grossman, 127 N.J. Super. 13, 23, 316 A.2d 39, 43-44 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 292, 321 A.2d 253 (1974).] Only when the Appellate Division's review of the record leaves it with the feeling that the agency head's decision is clearly a mistaken one and so plainly unwarranted that the interests of justice demand correction, then and only then, will the court make it own findings and conclusions.17 [17Clowes v. Terminix International, Inc., 109 N.J. 575, 538 A.2d 794 (1988). See Chou v. Rutgers, State University, 283 N.J. Super. 524, 662 A.2d 986 (App. Div. 1995), [certif. denied, 145 N.J. 374, 678 A.2d 714 (1996),] where the lack of substantial credible evidence in the record to support the agency's conclusion led the court to engage in its own lengthy review of the facts. See also Koza v. New Jersey Department of Labor, 307 N.J. Super. 439, 704 A.2d 1310 (App. Div. 1998).]
In the supplement for 2001, Lefelt points out the recent amendment to the Administrative Procedure Act dealing with this subject, N.J.S.A. 52:14B-10(c),*fn1 L. 2001, c. 5, § 4, effective date July 16, 2001; L. 2001, c. 5, § 12. In our view, this amendment changes the traditional scope-of-review duty of the agency when reviewing the ALJ's credibility findings. An agency head reviewing an ALJ's credibility findings relating to a lay witness may not reject or modify these findings unless the agency head explains why the ALJ's findings are arbitrary or not supported by the record.
Section 7.20 in Lefelt's 2001 Supplement states:
In has long been established that a reviewing court need not defer to an agency head which reversed the credibility finding of an administrative law judge.18 [18Clowes v. Terminix International, 109 N.J. 575, 538 A.2d 794 (1988).] The recent amendments to the Administrative Procedure Act provide that an "agency head may not reject or modify any findings of fact as to issues of credibility of lay witness testimony unless it is first determined from a review of the record that the findings are arbitrary, capricious or unreasonable or are not supported by sufficient, competent, and credible evidence in the record."19 [19N.J.S.A. 52:14B-10(c).] Thus, [an] appellate court will now need to ensure that the agency head applied the appropriate standard of review when modifying or reversing credibility findings of lay witnesses. See also Lefelt, § 6.16 at Supp. 23 (2001 ed. Supp.), on the amendment effective on July 1, 2001. See also R. 1:7-4(a) ("Required Findings").
We remand to the agency for findings and conclusions consistent with the views expressed herein and the recent amendment to the Administrative Procedure Act, N.J.S.A. 52:14B-10(c), effective July 1, 2001. See Riggs v. Long Beach Tp., 101 N.J. 515, 521 (1986) ("time of decision" rule). We request the agency to forward directly to our respective chambers appropriate findings and conclusions by April 25, 2002, after which we will issue a final opinion promptly. If the matter is hereafter resolved at the agency level, we will dismiss the appeal when so notified by the parties.
Remanded with instructions.
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This fun novelty necktie features an all over design of paisley like shrimp and tabasco sauce bottles. This fun tie is 100% silk and measures 56 1/2" in length and is 4" at its widest point.
The necktie is in perfect condition and appears to have never been worn.
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Pyruvate kinase
3D structure of pyruvate kinase
|EC number
|CAS number
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|RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
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Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis. It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP.[1] Pyruvate kinase is present in four distinct, tissue-specific isozymes, each consisting of particular kinetic properties necessary to accommodate the variations in metabolic requirements of diverse tissues.
- 1 Isozymes in vertebrates
- 2 Reaction
- 3 Regulation
- 4 Clinical applications
- 5 Alternatives
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Isozymes in vertebrates[edit]
There are four isozymes of pyruvate kinase in vertebrates: L (liver), R (erythrocytes), M1(muscles, hearts and brain) and M2 (only form detectable in early fetal tissue and present in most adult tissues). R and L isozymes differ from M1 and M2 in that they are both exclusively allosterically and reversibly regulated. From a kinetic standpoint, the R and L isozymes of pyruvate kinase have two key conformation states; one with a high substrate affinity and one with a low substrate affinity. The R-state, characterized by high substrate affinity, serves as the activated form of pyruvate kinase and is stabilized by PEP and FBP, promoting the glycolytic pathway. The T-state, characterized by low substrate affinity, serves as the inactivated form of pyruvate kinase, bound and stabilized by ATP and alanine, causing phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase and the inhibition of glycolysis.[2]
Gene expression varies between the different isozymes. M1 and M2 isozymes are regulated by the gene PKM and R and L isozymes are regulated by the gene PKLR. In terms of structure, there is both a tetrameric and dimeric form of pyruvate kinase. The tetrameric form is the pyruvate kinase structure in its R-state conformation, namely with high binding affinity to PEP. In contrast, the dimeric form is its structure in T-state conformation, namely with a low binding affinity to PEP. As a result, gene expression can be regulated by converting the highly active tetrameric form of PKM2, which yields high PEP concentrations, into an inactive dimeric form, which yields a PEP concentration of nearly zero.[3]
There are two steps in the pyruvate kinase reaction in glycolysis. First, PEP transfers a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP and the enolate of pyruvate. Secondly, a proton must be added to the enolate of pyruvate to produce the functional form of pyruvate that the cell requires.[4]
In yeast cells, the interaction of yeast pyruvate kinase (YPK) with PEP and its allosteric effector Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP,) was found to be enhanced by the presence of Mg2+. Therefore, Mg2+ was isolated as an important component in the successful catalysis of PEP into pyruvate by pyruvate kinase. Furthermore, the metal ion Mn2+ was shown to have a similar, but stronger effect on the coupling free energy of YPK than Mg2+. The binding of metal ions to the metal binding sites on pyruvate kinase enhance the rate of this glycolytic reaction.[5]
The glycolytic reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase is the final step of glycolysis. It is one of the three rate-affecting steps of the catabolic reaction cascade. The rate-affecting steps are the slower steps of a reaction and thus determines the rate of the overall reaction. In glycolysis, the rate-affecting steps are coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP or the phosphorylation of ADP to create the highly energetically favorable and irreversible reaction mechanism. This final step is highly regulated and deliberately irreversible because pyruvate is a crucial intermediate building block for further metabolic pathways.[6] Once pyruvate kinase synthesizes pyruvate, pyruvate either enters the TCA cycle for further production of ATP under aerobic conditions, or is reduced to lactate under anaerobic conditions. Both of these secondary metabolic pathways are essential to the function of the metabolism.
Gluconeogenesis: the reverse reaction[edit]
Pyruvate kinase also serves as a regulatory enzyme for gluconeogenesis, a biochemical pathway in which the liver generates glucose from pyruvate and other substrates. Gluconeogenesis utilizes noncarbohydrate sources to provide glucose to the brain and red blood cells in times of starvation when direct glucose reserves are exhausted.[7] During a fasting state, pyruvate carboxylase phosphorylates pyruvate kinase, inactivating the enzyme and therefore, preventing phosphoenolpyruvate from being converted into pyruvate. Instead, phosphoenolpyruvate is converted into glucose via a cascade of gluconeogenesis reactions. Although it utilizes similar enzymes, gluconeogenesis is not the reverse of glycolysis. It is instead a pathway that circumvents the irreversible steps of glycolysis. Furthermore, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis do not occur concurrently in the cell at any given moment as they are reciprocally regulated by cell signaling.[7] Once the gluconeogenesis pathway is complete, the glucose produced is expelled from the liver, proving energy for the vital tissues in the fasting state.
Glycolysis is highly regulated at three of its catalytic steps: the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase, and the transfer of phosphate from PEP to ADP by pyruvate kinase. Under wild-type conditions, all three of these reactions are irreversible, have a large negative free energy and are responsible for the regulation of this pathway.[6] Pyruvate kinase activity is most broadly regulated by allosteric effectors, covalent modifiers and hormonal control. However, the most significant pyruvate kinase regulator is fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), which serves as an allosteric effector for the enzyme.
Allosteric effectors[edit]
Allosteric regulation is the binding of an effector to a site on the protein other than the active site, causing a conformational change and altering the activity of that given protein or enzyme. Pyruvate kinase has been found to be allosterically activated by FBP and allosterically inactivated by ATP and alanine.[8]
FBP is the most significant source of regulation because it comes from within the glycolysis pathway. FBP is a glycolytic intermediate produced from the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate. FBP binds to the allosteric binding site on domain C of pyruvate kinase and changes the conformation of the enzyme, causing the activation of pyruvate kinase activity. As an intermediate present within the glycolytic pathway, FBP provides feedforward stimulation[disambiguation needed] because the higher the concentration of FBP, the greater the allosteric activation and magnitude of pyruvate kinase activity. Pyruvate kinase is most sensitive to the effects of FBP. As a result, the remainder of the regulatory mechanisms serve as secondary modification.[9][10]
Covalent modifiers[edit]
Covalent modifiers serve as indirect regulators by controlling the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of enzymes, resulting in the activation and inhibition of enzymatic activity. In the liver, glucagon and epinephrine serve as covalent modifiers by activating protein kinase A which in turn phosphorylates, and deactivates pyruvate kinase. In contrast, the secretion of insulin in response to blood sugar elevation activates phosphoprotein phosphatase I, causing the dephosphorylation and activation of pyruvate kinase. This regulation system is responsible for the avoidance of a futile cycle through the prevention of simultaneous activation of pyruvate kinase and enzymes that catalyze gluconeogenesis.[11]
Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP)[edit]
ChREBP is found to be an essential protein in gene transcription of the L isozyme of pyruvate kinase. The domains of ChREBP are target sites for regulation of pyruvate kinase by glucose and cAMP. Specifically, ChREBP is activated by a high concentration of glucose and inhibited by cAMP. Glucose and cAMP work in opposition with one another through covalent modifier regulation. While cAMP binds to Ser196 and Thr666 binding sites of ChREBP, causing the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate kinase; glucose binds to Ser196 and Thr666 binding sites of ChREBP, causing the dephosphorylation and activation of pyruvate kinase. As a result, cAMP and excess carbohydrates are shown to play an indirect role in pyruvate kinase regulation.[12]
Hormonal control[edit]
In order to prevent a futile cycle, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are heavily regulated in order to ensure that they are never operating in the cell at the same time. As a result, the inhibition of pyruvate kinase by glucagon, cyclic AMP and epinephrine, not only shuts down glycolysis, but also stimulates gluconeogenesis. Alternatively, insulin interferes with the effect of glucagon, cyclic AMP and epinephrine, causing pyruvate kinase to function normally and gluconeogenesis to be shut down. Furthermore, glucose was found to inhibit and disrupt gluconeogenesis, leaving pyruvate kinase activity and glycolysis unaffected. Overall, the interaction between hormones plays a key role in the functioning and regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the cell.[13]
Inhibitory effect of metformin[edit]
Metformin, or dimethylbiguanide, is the primary treatment used for type 2 diabetes. Metaformin has been shown to indirectly affect pyruvate kinase through the inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Specifically, the addition of metformin is linked to a marked decrease in glucose flux and increase in lactate/pyruvate flux from various metabolic pathways. Although metaformin does not directly affect pyruvate kinase activity, it causes a decrease in the concentration of ATP. Due to the allosteric inhibitory effects of ATP on pyruvate kinase, a decrease in ATP results in diminished inhibition and the subsequent stimulation of pyruvate kinase. Consequently, the increase in pyruvate kinase activity directs metabolic flux through glycolysis rather than gluconeogenesis.[14]
Clinical applications[edit]
Genetic defects of this enzyme cause the disease known as pyruvate kinase deficiency. In this condition, a lack of pyruvate kinase slows down the process of glycolysis. This effect is especially devastating in cells that lack mitochondria, because these cells must use anaerobic glycolysis as their sole source of energy because the TCA cycle is not available. For example, red blood cells, which in a state of pyruvate kinase deficiency, rapidly become deficient in ATP and can undergo hemolysis. Therefore, pyruvate kinase deficiency can cause chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA).[15]
PK-LR gene mutation[edit]
Pyruvate kinase deficiency is caused by an autosomal recessive trait. Mammals have two pyruvate kinase genes, PK-LR (which encodes for pyruvate kinase isozymes L and R) and PK-M (which encodes for pyruvate kinase isozyme M1), but only PKLR encodes for the red blood isozyme which effects pyruvate kinase deficiency. Over 250 PK-LR gene mutations have been identified and associated with pyruvate kinase deficiency. DNA testing has guided the discovery of the location of PKLR on chromosome 1 and the development of direct gene sequencing tests to molecularly diagnose pyruvate kinase deficiency.[16]
Applications of pyruvate kinase inhibition[edit]
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Inhibition[edit]
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive forms of oxygen. In human lung cells, ROS has been shown to inhibit the M2 isozyme of pyruvate kinase (PKM2). ROS achieves this inhibition by oxidizing Cys358 and inactivating PKM2. As a result of PKM2 inactivation, glucose flux is no longer converted into pyruvate, but is instead utilized in the pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in the reduction and detoxification of ROS. In this manner, the harmful effects of ROS are increased and cause greater oxidative stress on the lung cells, leading to potential tumor formation. This inhibitory mechanism is important because it may suggest that the regulatory mechanisms in PKM2 are responsible for aiding cancer cell resistance to oxidative stress and enhanced tumorigenesis.[17][18]
Phenylalanine inhibition[edit]
Phenylalanine is found to function as a competitive inhibitor of pyruvate kinase in the brain. Although the degree of phenylalanine inhibitory activity is similar in both fetal and adult cells, the enzymes in the fetal brain cells are significantly more vulnerable to inhibition than those in adult brain cells. A study of PKM2 in babies with the genetic brain disease phenylketonurics (PKU), showed elevated levels of phenylalanine and decreased effectiveness of PKM2. This inhibitory mechanism provides insight into the role of pyruvate kinase in brain cell damage.[19][20]
A reversible enzyme with a similar function, pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK), is found in some bacteria and has been transferred to a number of anaerobic eukaryote groups (for example, Streblomastix, Giardia, Entamoeba, and Trichomonas), it seems via horizontal gene transfer on two or more occasions. In some cases, the same organism will have both pyruvate kinase and PPDK.[21]
- ^ Gupta, Vibhor; Bamezai, Rameshwar N.K. (2010-11-01). "Human pyruvate kinase M2: A multifunctional protein". Protein Science. 19 (11): 2031–2044. doi:10.1002/pro.505. ISSN 1469-896X. PMC 3005776. PMID 20857498.
- ^ Muirhead, Hilary (1990-04-01). "Isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase". Biochemical Society Transactions. 18 (2): 193–196. doi:10.1042/bst0180193. ISSN 0300-5127. PMID 2379684.
- ^ Eigenbrodt, E.; Reinacher, M.; Scheefers-Borchel, U.; Scheefers, H.; Friis, R. (1992-01-01). "Double role for pyruvate kinase type M2 in the expansion of phosphometabolite pools found in tumor cells". Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis. 3 (1-2): 91–115. ISSN 0893-9675. PMID 1532331.
- ^ Kumar, Saroj; Barth, Andreas (2010-05-05). "Phosphoenolpyruvate and Mg2+ Binding to Pyruvate Kinase Monitored by Infrared Spectroscopy". Biophysical Journal. 98 (9): 1931–1940. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.4335. ISSN 0006-3495. PMC 2862152. PMID 20441757.
- ^ Bollenbach, Thomas J.; Nowak, Thomas (2001-10-01). "Kinetic Linked-Function Analysis of the Multiligand Interactions on Mg2+-Activated Yeast Pyruvate Kinase". Biochemistry. 40 (43): 13097–13106. doi:10.1021/bi010126o. ISSN 0006-2960.
- ^ a b Berg, Jeremy M.; Tymoczko, John L.; Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy M.; Tymoczko, John L.; Stryer, Lubert (2002-01-01). Biochemistry (5th ed.). W H Freeman. ISBN 0716730510.
- ^ a b Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002.
- ^ Carbonell, Juan; Marco, Roberto; Felíu, Juan E.; Sols, Alberto (1973-08-01). "Pyruvate Kinase". European Journal of Biochemistry. 37 (1): 148–156. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02969.x. ISSN 1432-1033.
- ^ Valentini, Giovanna; Chiarelli, Laurent; Fortin, Riccardo; Speranza, Maria L.; Galizzi, Alessandro; Mattevi, Andrea (2000-06-16). "The Allosteric Regulation of Pyruvate Kinase A SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS STUDY". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (24): 18145–18152. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001870200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10751408.
- ^ Jurica, Melissa S; Mesecar, Andrew; Heath, Patrick J; Shi, Wuxian; Nowak, Thomas; Stoddard, Barry L (1998-02-15). "The allosteric regulation of pyruvate kinase by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate". Structure. 6 (2): 195–210. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00021-5.
- ^ Birnbaum, M. J.; Fain, J. N. (1977-01-25). "Activation of protein kinase and glycogen phosphorylase in isolated rat liver cells by glucagon and catecholamines.". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 252 (2): 528–535. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 188818.
- ^ Kawaguchi, Takumi; Takenoshita, Makoto; Kabashima, Tsutomu; Uyeda, Kosaku (2001-11-20). "Glucose and cAMP regulate the L-type pyruvate kinase gene by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the carbohydrate response element binding protein". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (24): 13710–13715. doi:10.1073/pnas.231370798. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 61106. PMID 11698644.
- ^ Feliú, J. E.; Hue, L.; Hers, H. G. (1976-08-01). "Hormonal control of pyruvate kinase activity and of gluconeogenesis in isolated hepatocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 73 (8): 2762–2766. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 430732. PMID 183209.
- ^ Argaud, Doriane; Roth, Hubert; Wiernsperger, Nicolas; Leverve, Xavier M. (1993-05-01). "Metformin decreases gluconeogenesis by enhancing the pyruvate kinase flux in isolated rat hepatocytes". European Journal of Biochemistry 213 (3): 1341–1348. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17886.x. ISSN 1432-1033.
- ^ Grace, Rachael F.; Zanella, Alberto; Neufeld, Ellis J.; Morton, D. Holmes; Eber, Stefan; Yaish, Hassan; Glader, Bertil (2015-09-01). "Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency: 2015 status report". American Journal of Hematology. 90 (9): 825–830. doi:10.1002/ajh.24088. ISSN 1096-8652. PMID 26087744.
- ^ Climent, Fernando; Roset, Feliu; Repiso, Ada; Pérez de la Ossa, Pablo (2009-06-01). "Red cell glycolytic enzyme disorders caused by mutations: an update". Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets. 9 (2): 95–106. doi:10.2174/187152909788488636. ISSN 2212-4063. PMID 19519368.
- ^ Anastasiou, Dimitrios; Poulogiannis, George; Asara, John M.; Boxer, Matthew B.; Jiang, Jian-kang; Shen, Min; Bellinger, Gary; Sasaki, Atsuo T.; Locasale, Jason W. (2011-12-02). "Inhibition of Pyruvate Kinase M2 by Reactive Oxygen Species Contributes to Cellular Antioxidant Responses". Science. 334 (6060): 1278–1283. doi:10.1126/science.1211485. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3471535. PMID 22052977.
- ^ Christofk, Heather R.; Heiden, Matthew G. Vander; Harris, Marian H.; Ramanathan, Arvind; Gerszten, Robert E.; Wei, Ru; Fleming, Mark D.; Schreiber, Stuart L.; Cantley, Lewis C. "The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase is important for cancer metabolism and tumour growth". Nature. 452 (7184): 230–233. doi:10.1038/nature06734.
- ^ Miller, A. L.; Hawkins, R. A.; Veech, R. L. (1973-03-02). "Phenylketonuria: Phenylalanine Inhibits Brain Pyruvate Kinase in vivo". Science. 179 (4076): 904–906. doi:10.1126/science.179.4076.904. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 4734564.
- ^ Weber, George (1969-08-01). "Inhibition of Human Brain Pyruvate Kinase and Hexokinase by Phenylalanine and Phenylpyruvate: Possible Relevance to Phenylketonuric Brain Damage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 63 (4): 1365–1369. doi:10.1073/pnas.63.4.1365. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 223473. PMID 5260939.
- ^ Liapounova, Na; Hampl, V; Gordon, Pm; Sensen, Cw; Gedamu, L; Dacks, Jb (Dec 2006), "Reconstructing the mosaic glycolytic pathway of the anaerobic eukaryote Monocercomonoides" (Free full text), Eukaryotic Cell, 5 (12): 2138–46, doi:10.1128/EC.00258-06, ISSN 1535-9778, PMC 1694820, PMID 17071828
External links[edit]
- Pyruvate kinase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)


text:
US online video platform Kaltura has secured an additional US$25mn in funding from a group of new and existing investors which includes Intel Capital, amid plans to target the Asia-Pacific region.
New investors are Mitsui & Co. Global Investment and Orix Ventures, and existing investors Nexus Venture Partners, Intel Capital, .406 Ventures and Avalon Ventures also participated.
Kaltura offers a complete suite of commercial video applications to enable video workflows, including ingestion, transcoding, management, distribution, publishing, engagement, monetization, and extensive analytics.
The company also offers an open-source development platform that includes hundreds of flexible and extendible APIs, as well as out-of-the-box video solutions including a standalone video management console, a private YouTube-like video portal, and online-video plug-ins for popular content management systems.
The Kaltura platform and its applications can be deployed either on-premise or on any public or private cloud (including Kaltura's own SaaS cloud), and are supported on any device including PCs, tablets, smartphones, set-top-boxes and connected devices.
The NYC-based company plans to use the new funding to expand its product offering, strengthen and expand its presence in the Americas and Europe (it opened a European HQ in London last May), and set its sights on the Asia-Pacific region.


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Dr'wshi was a Damiani male, and a media executive responsible for Je'tran T'ullh's weekly political opinion program, Our World. When public opinion about new Damiano Governor Ra'ch B'ullhy rose following a series of assassination attempts, and fell in regard to Je'tran's moralist viewpoint, Dr'wshi canceled the program. (TNG comic: Perchance to Dream: "Enterprises of Great Pitch and Moment")


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$199.99 Danby DCF038A1WDB1 Chest Freezer, 3.8 Cubic Feet, White +FS
1sale offers Danby DCF038A1WDB1 Chest Freezer, 3.8 Cubic Feet, White for $199.99 (orig. $279.00) +Free Shipping
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The Danby DCF038A1WDB1 3.8 Cu. Ft. Chest Freezer, in white, features an easily accessible front mount thermostat for temperature control and a front mount drain for quick and easy defrost maintenance. The cabinet and rounded lid feature energy efficient foam insulation and the rust-resistant, aluminum interior liner is easy to clean. Plus, this unit includes one wire storage basket to keep frequently used items handy. Package Content: chest freezerstorage basketmanualwarranty Operating System Batteries Included Batteries Required Number of Batteries Battery Type Language Assembly Required.
Category: Home & Kitchen
Posted on 12 September 2016, 03:09 AM


text:
$ 74.00
$ 130.00
Diadora N9000 NYL [Blue/Gray]
The sneaker features an attention-grabbing electric blue upper that is matched with the grey toebox. Details include the glossy, metallic streak across the upper, blue stitch Diadora branding on the back heel, and the brand's colored logo on the tongue. A white midsole and black outsole round out the second N9000.


text:
Nags HeadHigh Street North, Dunstable
The Five BellsStation Road, Leighton Buzzard
Red LionHarlington Road, Luton
The Rising SunFront Street, Luton
The Enterprise BarElizabeth Street, Luton
Bar 32 & Geordie'sMidland Road, Luton
The FreeholderYork Street, Luton
Round Green TavernHitchin Road, Luton
It's here! We announce our annual top 100 cultural contributors in Scotland. Check out who made the cut


text:
Japan's Tidal Wave Vote
A landslide vote against Shinzo Abe's ruling party exposes rifts in the country's policies, both at home and abroad.
A landslide vote against Shinzo Abe's ruling party exposes rifts in the country's policies, both at home and abroad.
Turkey's parliamentary poll focused attention on rifts between secularists and moderate Islamists, not to mention the buildup of Turkish troops along Iraq's border.
New French President Nicolas Sarkozy hopes his party's striking victory in the first round of parliamentary elections on Sunday will provide a strong mandate to govern and seal his ideological win over the French socialism.
The fate of the latest proposal for immigration reform appears doubtful—it has aroused strong opposition and is running up against a presidential election cycle.
See more in Elections; United States; Immigration
With presidential politics already coloring all aspects of international policymaking, CFR.org launches Campaign 2008 to track the tangle of foreign policy and national security issues throughout the election cycle.
See more in Grand Strategy; United States; Elections
Violence, corruption charges, and prominent personalities color voting in Filipino elections. The results could determine the staying power of President Arroyo.
See more in Philippines; Elections
Nicolas Sarkozy's election as France's new president prompted talk of a golden age in U.S.-French relations, but experts advise caution.
The French presidential race between socialist Segolene Royal and conservative Nicolas Sarkozy is so close that a televised debate could be the deciding factor.
The prospect of an Islamist president has launched heated national debate between Turkey's traditionalist secular leaders and its moderate Islamists.
See more in Ethnicity, Minorities, and National Identity; Elections; Turkey
A new report sharply criticizes Israel's conduct of last year's Lebanon war, singling out Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and amplifying calls for his ouster.
See more in Israel; Wars and Warfare; Elections
Tony Blair announced plans to step down as Britain's Prime Minister, but unhappiness over his Iraq policies overshadow talk of his political legacy.
See more in Political Movements and Protests; United Kingdom; Elections
A deeply divided electorate in France on Sunday set up a classic second- round battle between socialist Segolene Royal and interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy.
Election monitors and the opposition decry Sunday's presidential elections as Nigeria's worst vote in history, issuing calls for a new vote.
Widespread allegations of vote rigging, intimidation, and outright violence dashed hopes of a clean election in Nigeria on Sunday and led to calls for a clean slate.
Nigerians have begun voting in two sets of elections closely watched for signs of the fitness of their democracy. Early indications are discouraging.
Three new candidates—and one familiar spoiler—are trying to impress a skeptical French public as they compete to succeed a weakened Jacques Chirac.
Northern Ireland's effort to cement the gains of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement can only succeed if pro-British unionists and separatist Sinn Fein republicans can share power after Wednesday's vote.
Experts warn the disputes involving Lebanon's political factions could escalate into civil war. Stabilization efforts are hampered by competing interests among external powers.
See more in Elections; Lebanon; Ethnicity, Minorities, and National Identity
Nationalists won Serbia's general elections but may not have pulled in enough votes to form a government. Kosovo's final status and the stability of a beleaguered corner of southeastern Europe remain at stake.
After three decades of conflict, a peace deal continues to hold in the Indonesian province of Aceh, which held its first direct elections last week. The likely new governor, a former rebel leader, counts poverty and militant Islam among his challenges.
Foreign policy is central to the 2016 election. View CFR's interactive guide to the candidates' positions on a range of issues.
To ensure the success of Myanmar's historic democratic transition, the United States should revise its outdated and counterproductive sanctions policy.
Blackwill and Campbell analyze the rise of Chinese President Xi Jinping and call for a new American grand strategy for Asia.
Williams argues that greater U.S. involvement is necessary to enhance the quality and success of peacekeeping missions.
Kurlantzick offers the sharpest analysis yet of what state capitalism's emergence means for democratic politics around the world. More
In a cogent analysis of why the United States is losing ground as a world power, Blackwill and Harris explore the statecraft of geoeconomics. More
Takeyh and Simon reframe the legacy of U.S. involvement in the Arab world from 1945 to 1991 and shed new light on the makings of the contemporary Middle East. More
Learn more about CFR's mission and its work over the past year in the 2015 Annual Report. The Annual Report spotlights new initiatives, high-profile events, and authoritative scholarship from CFR experts, and includes a message from CFR President Richard N. Haass.
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Concert series begins tonightJune 20,2013Concert series
begins tonight
FAIR HAVEN This years summer concert series kicks off at 7 p.m. tonight with Vermonts Yankee Dixie. The concert will be held at the gazebo in the town park or in the Fair Haven Baptist Church in case of inclement weather.
Yankee Dixie is a nine-piece band of local musicians playing New Orleans-style Dixieland with all the traditional instruments plus drums and piano.
For more information, visit www.fairhavenvt.org.MORE IN This Just InWASHINGTON Long-term U.S. Full StoryMONTPELIER The Vermont attorney generals office says drug companies have complied with a state... Full StoryMOUNT HOLLY At its meeting next week, the Mount Holly Select Board will consider an ordinance... Full Story
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HUGO GUINNESS 'CHEERS' PRINTBy British-born New York-based artist, Hugo Guinness, this whimsical linocut is hand printed on fine Italian paper in his Brooklyn studio. Printed with India ink and signed by the artist, the print is framed in a vintage silver gilt wood frame. His work, which focuses on everyday objects and random words or phrases, has been widely collected by such notables as Anna Winter, Amanda Peet, Michelle Williams and Wes Anderson.
Hugo Guinness 'Cheers' Print
Italian Paper, India Ink, Gilt Wood Frame, Glass
Artwork Printed in Brooklyn, NY
15.25"w x 13.25"h


text: Hi Folks, Well, I am looking for some direction/info here, and I tried a few different searches to see if the info was already posted. While it's possible it's already here, the searches I tried didn't show me the information I am looking for. First of all, I am under the impression that I should not use my M1a to run hunting rounds (higher performance, higher pressures) as the gun is not designed/rated for the higher pressures that can be present in higher performance loads that one might use for hunting purposes. (if this is wrong, I would like to know, just for my own knowledge) Also, the configuration of my M1a is not such that I would WANT to use it for hunting. Now, that being said, my next plan is to build a .308 AR-type rifle. I would like to build this in a fashion that it would be able to be used for hunting, if the situation was advantageous to do so. So, will the AR-type chamber/action handle the higher pressure hunting loads? Are the pressure ratings standard, or do the pressure capabilities vary depending on material, and mfgr? How would I find out such data? PE


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Skip to comments.Coming soon to U.S.: Mexican customs office
Posted on 06/07/2006 4:06:12 PM PDT by dennisw
Kansas City is planning to allow the Mexican government to open a Mexican customs office in conjunction with the Kansas City SmartPort. This will be the first foreign customs facility allowed to operate on U.S. soil.
City leaders voted last month to give the facility an innocuous name to hide its true identity as an arm of the Mexican government, staffed by Mexican officials.
In fact, Kansas City is so enthusiastic about the opportunity, the cost of building the $3 million dollar facility for Mexico will be paid for by Kansas City taxpayers, not by the Mexican government.
The current plan for the NAFTA Super Corridor calls for the construction of a 12-lane highway (six lanes in each direction) along Interstate 35. The Kansas City SmartPort is designed to be the central hub in the planned NAFTA north-south superhighway cutting through the heart of the United States.
Supercargo ships, carrying goods made by cheap labor in the Far East and China, will unload in the Mexican port at Lazaro Cardenas, eliminating the need to use costly union longshoremen workers in Los Angeles or Long Beach. Rather than transporting the containers by trucks from the West Coast, using Teamster drivers, or on rail, with the assistance of railroad labor in the United Transportation Union, the containers will be loaded onto Mexican non-union railroads at Lazaro Cardenas. At Monterrey, Mexico, the containers will then be loaded onto Mexican non-union semi-trailer trucks that will cross the border at Laredo, Texas, to begin their journey north along the Trans-Texas Corridor, the first leg of the planned continental NAFTA Super Corridor.
To speed the crossing at Laredo, Texas, the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America working groups within the U.S. Department of Commerce will allow Mexican trucks to be equipped with electronic FAST technology so the trucks can cross the border in express lanes.
At the Kansas City SmartPort hub, the containers can be transferred to semi-trailers heading east or west, or simply stay on the Mexican trucks all the way into Canada.
According to the SmartPort website, in March 2005, Kansas City signed a cooperative pact with representatives from the Mexican state of Michoacan, where Lazaro Cardenas is located, to increase the cargo volume between Lazaro Cardenas and Kansas City. The whole point is to move cargo fast, using cheap, below union-wage scale Mexican workers to move the containers from Asia into the heart of the USA.
Shipments will be pre-screened in Southeast Asia, and the shipper will send advance notification to Mexican and American Customs with the corresponding ''pre-clearance'' information on the cargo. Upon arrival in Mexico, containers will pass through multiple X-ray and gamma ray screenings, allowing any containers with anomalies to quickly be removed for further inspection.
Container shipments will be tracked using intelligent transportation systems, or ITS, that could include global positioning systems or radio frequency identification systems, and monitored on their way to inland trade-processing centers in Kansas City and elsewhere in the United States.
As the Kansas City SmartPort website brags: ''Kansas City offers the opportunity for sealed cargo containers to travel to Mexican port cities with virtually no border delays. It will streamline shipments from Asia and cut the time and labor costs associated with shipping through the congested ports on the West Coast.''
Kansas City Southern, or KCS, has just completed putting together what is being called ''The NAFTA Railroad.'' On Jan. 1, 2005, KCS took control of The Texas Mexican Railway Company and the U.S. portion of the International Bridge in Laredo, Texas.
Then in April 2005, KCS purchased the controlling interests in Transportacion Ferroviaria Mexicana, which KCS promptly renamed the Kansas City Southern de Mexico, or KCSM.
Again, the Kansas City SmartPort website notes that ''Kansas City Southern is installing Spanish-language versions of its computer operating system (MCS) in an effort to increase train speeds, reduce waiting times at terminals and enable the free flow of locomotives and rail cars between the United States and Mexico via Kansas City Southern's railroad bridge at Laredo, Texas.''
No stop is planned for customs inspection for KCSM trains until the Mexican customs facility located at Kansas City. The only security check planned at the U.S. border with Mexico is electronic, with the KCSM railroad moving along pre-approved KCS rail lines.
Yippee! I can get all the banned goodies I want on the NAFTA Express! Thank you NAFTA!
Oops forgot /sarcasm
You've got to be SHI#$%@ING me American taxpayers putting up $3mil for a MEXICAN building. Are they out of their minds.
Well it looks like its going to produce a lot of jobs. Spending money on this makes a lot more sense than having to pay for new Baseball and Football stadiums.
If I'm ever in the area...I'll be sure to use the front entrance as a commode.
Driving trucks, another job American's won't do.
Which means that a container with enough lead can be loaded with nukes and drop shipped all the way to the interior of the USA without being checked once.
I wonder if the Chinese have bought the plans for the Tsar Bomba and what a 100MT explosion would do to KC and the surrounding area. I bet the fallout pattern would cripple us.
Not that anything is preventing anyone from doing the same right now.
More wage suppression, less security, .5% short eterm increases in profits. Sounds like a Bush-Dem plan for sure.
"Well it looks like its going to produce a lot of jobs. Spending money on this makes a lot more sense than having to pay for new Baseball and Football stadiums."
Yeah, most of those jobs will go to the illegal termites that have infested this country. You'll probably be ecstatic over that.
"City leaders voted last month to give the facility an innocuous name to hide its true identity as an arm of the Mexican government, staffed by Mexican officials."
Shouldn't this read: "corrupt" city leaders voted last month to give the facility an innocuous name to hide "their" true identity as "pawns of the Mexican government -- on the take -- and traitors to the American people."
What? Trade is good. This is going to br major for there area and makes a lot of sense.
In a written release from the city, Dérbez said that roughly $400 billion in trade occurs between Mexico and the United States and that the new Kansas City-based customs office and trade corridor probably would double that amount.
"Through the plan, Kansas City's rail, highway transportation and foreign trade warehousing groups would partner with their Mexican counterparts and market themselves jointly to Asian, Central American and other foreign companies that want to cut distribution times and costs, the city said in the release."
The jobs that will spin off this could be substantial.
It's a pipe dream that will never happen.
I am not sure where Corsi is getting that the officals in Kansas City are trying to hide something. I appears it been all over the news in the papers there.
Sort of related here.
Mexican agency OKs KCS purchase of railroad stake
Kansas City Business Journal - October 6, 2004
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A Mexican agency has approved Kansas City Southern's new application to buy Mexican partner Grupo TMM's interest in their jointly owned Mexican railroad, TFM.
Warren Erdman, KC Southern's vice president of corporate affairs, said Wednesday that approval by Mexico's Foreign Investment Commission was required for a foreign company to become a majority owner of a Mexican railway company. The commission's approval will remain valid until Oct. 5, 2005.
Before that deadline, KC Southern (NYSE: KSU) hopes to negotiate the purchase of Grupo TMM's 48.4 percent share of Grupo TFM, the holding company that owns TFM. KC Southern owns 46.6 percent of Grupo TFM, and the Mexican government owns the rest.
KC Southern hopes to buy a controlling interest in TFM and combine it with its U.S. railroads under a new name: Nafta Rail.
"This is very good news for us," Erdman said. "It means the Mexican government has approved our investment in the controlling interest in TFM. Now we will be working with TMM to hopefully close on that deal."
KC Southern thought it had a deal in April 2003, when TMM agreed to sell its controlling interest in TFM for $412 million and its interest in the Texas-Mexican Railway Co. (Tex-Mex), a short-line railroad that connects the Kansas City Southern Railway with TFM, for $32.7 million.
TMM officials reversed themselves in August 2003, calling off both deals. But TMM agreed to sell Tex-Mex on Aug. 16 of this year.
Around the same time, a U.S. arbitration panel found the TFM purchase contract to be valid and directed TMM to work with KC Southern in good faith to complete the sale.
"We, too, are pleased by the decision, which is another important step in our efforts to complete a transaction with KCS," TMM Chairman Jose Serrano said in a written release.
KC Southern ranks No. 16 on The Business Journal's list of area public companies
>>At Monterrey, Mexico, the containers will then be loaded onto Mexican non-union semi-trailer trucks that will cross the border at Laredo, Texas, to begin their journey north along the Trans-Texas Corridor, the first leg of the planned continental NAFTA Super Corridor.<<
Non-Union?! Oh, the horror. Next thing they'll want free speech and lower taxes - where will it end? /s
One of the small ironies of allowing Mexican trucks to travel thoughout the U.S. (I'm not sure if they've started yet) was the fact that most (if not all) of the largest Mexican trucking companies were bought by U.S. firms in anticipation.
How is our culture and sovereignty being affected here. Is the Republic going to fall because products made in Mexico are coming in here.
"Is the Republic going to fall because products made in Mexico are coming in here."
No, it's because we have no borders to keep your countrymen out.
Actually, I tried to warn people about this (and the takeover of the US gypsy trucking industry legally by Mexicans via treaty) a couple of years ago. The Mrs. first heard about it during a Commerce Dept. conference concerning NAFTA II. (She has very good sources, being a business/technical editor.)
The bots went berserk at the inference W was selling us out.
They aren't going berserk any more. I am smug.
Well I was not aware that either.It does makes sense though.
I hope so. Because it sounds even worse than what Bush and the Senate are trying to sell Americans...
This is interesting. It seems like the sleepy Mexican Town is about to explode in growth. I wish they would accelerate the building of I-69. Its going to run near my home. Maybe we can benifit a little off all this trade
"I am not sure where Corsi is getting that the officals in Kansas City are trying to hide something. I appears it been all over the news in the papers there."
I think the point was that they TRIED to hide it, quote:" City leaders voted last month to give the facility an innocuous name to hide its true identity as an arm of the Mexican government, staffed by Mexican officials"; not that they succeeded. This very report shows that they haven't.
If by gypsy trucking you mean point-to-point hauling within the U.S., then I am aware of no treaty that allows Mexicans to perfom this task. A Mexican wishing to haul intra-U.S. would have to comply with any visa requirements, or work as an illegal.
We all know that's a problem, but to blame it on some unnamed treaty is going too far.
catholicfreeper wrote:
"I wish they would accelerate the building of I-69. Its going to run near my home. Maybe we can benifit a little off all this trade"
---Remember, be careful what you wish for. Can you imagine it now, illegals being dropped off back of semi trucks, gallon jugs with piss being left on the side of the road and litter problem around your neighborhood will get worse and possibly abandoned truck trailers. Don't shoot the messenger ;)
Once we have comprehensive immigration reform that won't be a problem
The author of the article Jerome Corsi was a recent guest on Coast to Coast AM with George Noory, and painted a pretty bleak picture for the future of the US as a sovereign nation with clearly defined boundaries. The NAFTA Super Corridor is Bush's little "coup de grace" that will effectively dissolve the southern border with Mexico. It will be the Aztec Autobahn.
Read the article carefully and see if I'm right -
The first Mexican customs inspection these Chinese and Asian imports receive will be in a Mexican customs office in Kansas City. Asian container ships will offloaded in Mexico onto trains that will be sealed until they get to Kansas City. Where they will get their Mexican and US customs inspections
Asian goods will also come here by truck from Mexico and with different inspection procedures
Actually, both NAFTA II and the Carribean Basin Initiative were both gutted by Congress (the latter due to business interests dealing with China bribing/lobbying the House), but the Mexicans are still coming. There's a third wave of treaties headed down the pike which will probably be dragged into the sunlight after the elections. The Commerce Department is concentrating on developing India and China right now.
VERY interesting things going on in the Indian IT industry right now, by the way...
Shipments will be pre-screened in Southeast Asia, and the shipper will send advance notification to Mexican and American Customs with the corresponding ''pre-clearance'' information on the cargo.
The Kansas City Council last year approved a $2.5 million loan to SmartPort to build the 26,000-square foot customs facility on city-owned land in the West Bottoms east of Liberty Street and mostly south of Interstate 670.
Nonprofit SmartPort would lease the site from the city and repay the loan over 10 years with user fees paid by international shippers.
So its a loan. Corsi is again a little messy with the facts.
...legal...there's that word again...
We've hundreds of thousands of illegals working here in NC. A couple of days ago, four of them just wrecked a company truck out on Hwy 64 near my old house, nearly killing a bunch of commuters.
The Highway Patrol let them go with a ticket. The local newsies id'ed them as illegals.
...a provision in NAFTA allows Mexican citizens to own and operate trucking companies in the US, which is fine...and the currently allowed provisions of NAFTA II (which are on the books) allow Mexican trucks and drivers to operate within the US already...they're coming, all right, legally.
The holdup was that US safety rules were disallowed for these trucks, and some people complained about that. Imagine!
Indeed. [bursting out in laughter--you are just funnin' me, right?]
Actually, I tried to warn people about this (and the takeover of the US gypsy trucking industry legally by Mexicans via treaty) a couple of years ago.
No treaty. Not legally. Three strikes, and I'm outta' here.
I just called downstairs to the Mrs. (who wrote the article last year). She says the Mexican driver thing was a non-legislated "regulation" allowing Mexicans to drive across the border; it had nothing to do with the treaty. I was wrong.
The effect is the same. They're a'comin'...
The only way a Mexican national can come to the U.S. (and my immigration law is somewhat hazy) in order to set-up a trucking company is to demonstrate to the immigration authorities that 1. he provides a unique service in demand (not), and 2. he has statutorily-set boatload of cash to invest (not). In other words, there is no legal way to do it, other than buying stock in an already-existing American trucking company.
In sum, you have been deliberately led to confuse cross-border trucking with trucking in general. Whoever did it succeeded mightily.
I lost track of the issue since, but the Supreme Court ruling allows Mexican trucks into the interior of the U.S. That is still a far cry from performing the same task as our gypsy independents. The various special-interest groups aligned against the issue were the unions and the Greens. I remember being bombarded in 2004 with their propaganda in the press ("allowed to operate," sounds sinister doesn't it?--Mexicans will be doing the Detroit-Chicago run!). Don't fall for it.
I'll worry about it when Lou Dobbs starts shrieking about the latest form of invasion. I figure it'll happen when enough corporate suits find a way to use it to make a biiiiig profit.
/just funnin' about Lou Dobbs
The Mrs. said that the trucking provisions weren't in the treaty. They were binding regulations added later. That's what I mixed up...and that's why she gets paid to be the journalist, and I don't...
The link in my above reply says that the provisions were in NAFTA.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
2017 Lund 1850 Impact XS Be it muskies (musky), walleye, crappie, or bass, this boats a game changer. With two livewells, center rod storage, and large casting decks, the 1850 Lund Impact XS is one of the best aluminum boats around.
Engine Drivetrain:
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- Fuel Type: Gas
- Drive Type: Outboard
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text:
How do you remove the white residue stains from baby bottles?
Jody from El Paso, TX
Soak in a mixture of half water and vinegar (hot) and then scrub with a bottle cleaner, should be good to go!
Add your voice! Click below to comment. ThriftyFun is powered by your wisdom!


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Discussion in 'iTunes App Store Games & Apps' started by The Baydestrian, Oct 18, 2008.
anyone else have this app?
it's pretty funny and FREE!
i have lol dogs and lolcats but this is that + more!!! awesome!!!!!!!!!!
looks cool
i'm gonna check it out
i cant find this app free anymore
yay epic bump?
fail reply
Ahhh the pic didn't go......anyways milkman did you make that .gif? Because I just found it on a site lol.
On Topic: It might not be free anymore? Can you find it in the App Store at all?
9.99 which is absolutely ridiculous, no i didnt make this gif i took it from a member here.
Separate names with a comma.


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Has it really been 25 years to the day since Sunil Gavaskar late cut Ijaz Faqih for two runs to become the first batsman in Test cricket history to reach 10,000 runs? It had been a barrier that many great batsmen failed to breach despite the proliferation of Test matches over the years. In fact for long it was thought to be an unreachable figure.
Wally Hammond was the first to reach 7000 runs in 1946, Gary Sobers was the first to reach 8000 in 1974 and Gavaskar himself was the first to reach 9000 runs in 1985 but even then the magical figure of 10,000 seemed beyond anyone's reach.


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05-15-2005, 01:06 PM #1New Member
- Join Date
- Aug 2004
- Posts
- 3
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Get an overview of this hotelWaterfront Vitoria hotel in Camburi Beach with free breakfast
Located in Camburi Beach, this hotel is within a 15-minute walk of Sao Francisco Convent and Proeng Hall Shopping Mall. Namorados Square and Canto Beach are also within 1 mi (2 km).
Hotel Features
A restaurant, an outdoor pool, and a bar/lounge are available at this hotel. Free wired Internet in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a coffee shop/café, 24-hour room service, and meeting rooms.
Room Amenities
All 141 soundproofed rooms feature free WiFi and 24-hour room service. For a bit of entertainment, guests will find LCD TVs with cable channels, and other amenities include kitchenettes and balconies.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Bristol Century Plaza
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Dining options at the hotel include a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Wired high-speed Internet access is complimentary.
5 meeting rooms are available. This business-friendly hotel also offers an outdoor pool, tour/ticket assistance, and multilingual staff. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 141
- Number of floors - 8
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop or café
- Free breakfast
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Laundry facilities
- Meeting rooms 4
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
- Restaurant
- Free self parking
- Number of meeting rooms - 5
- Year Built 2003
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Outdoor pool
- Television in common areas
- Free use of nearby fitness center
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Soundproofed rooms
- Kitchenette
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free wired high-speed Internet
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Balcony
- Air conditioning
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Soundproofed rooms
- Phone
- Kitchenette
- Minibar
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Shower only
- Desk
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Cable TV service
- Free WiFi
- Room service (24 hours)
Where to Eat
A complimentary breakfast is offered.
Arquipelago - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
24-hour room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an outdoor pool.
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is noon
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Kids stay free! One child 7 years old or younger stays free when using existing bedding.
- Pets not allowed (service animals welcome)
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Only service animals are allowed
24-hour check-in
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
Hotel Name
- Bristol Century
- Bristol Century Plaza
- Bristol Century Plaza Hotel
- Bristol Century Plaza Hotel Vitoria
- Bristol Century Plaza Vitoria
- Bristol Century Plaza Hotel Vitoria, Brazil - ES
We should mention
Parents or a legal guardian traveling with children under 18 years must present the child's birth certificate and an identity card with photo (passport, for example) at the check-in. For international travels from Brazil, if just one of the parents is traveling with the child, she/he must present – in addition to the child's certificate of birth and identity card with photo – a letter authorizing the trip signed by the other parent with a notarial certification of signature. In case the parents or the legal guardian, as applicable, cannot or are unwilling to give this authorization, a judicial authorization is required. People who intend to travel to Brazil with children must consult with the Brazilian consulate before traveling for more information. One child 7 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.


text:
- on Power Supplies
- Published in issue 7/2010 on page 40
L200 charger circuit
(Summer Circuits 2010 article)
This circuit came about as the result of an urgent need for a NiMH battery charger. No suitable dedicated IC being immediately to hand, the author pressed an L200 regulator and a 4.7 kOhm NTC thermistor into service. Those components were enough to form the basis of a charger with a cut-off condition based on cell temperature rise rather than relying on the more common negative delta-V detection.
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text:
For Iris van Herpen's latest Haute Couture show entitled "Wilderness Embodied", the Grimes and Gaga-garmenting designer worked with shoe designer and fellow Hollander Rem D Koolhaas [nephew of THE Rem Koolhaas] to create 12 pairs of entirely 3D printed shiny root-bound shoes which were print-produced in under a week.
Follow the jump to see the aforementioned rooty heels plus other looks from the ankles up including a COUTURE CUTTLEFISH NECK-BRACE, one squid-silhouette regal shell-suitable and a rubberized beaded fossil-frock…blooming beautiful !
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You landed here to Accept/Reject All Facebook Friend Requests at Once. So in this article i will guide you about accepting and rejecting all friend requests in just one click. Sometimes when we don't use facebook for a long time then we may receive hundreds of friend requests from people all around the world. And it becomes very difficult for us to accept or reject these friend requests manually and we may need to spend a lot's of precious time to accept or reject these unwanted friend requests.
Also Read: How to Root Infocus M350 Without PC
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text:
Gender: Girl
Meaning: The one who blesses
Origin: Gujarati, Hindi, Indian
Religion: Hindu
Darshni is a Hindu Girl name, meaning of the name is The one who blesses and origin of the name is Gujarati, Hindi, Indian. This name is mostly used in Hindu.
If you select the name Darshni for your baby, Congratulations! But if you don't like Darshni then please continue searching our site.
External References
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text:
User reports indicate that Big Red is experiencing yet another data outage. 4G service is down in Chicago and New York at the very least, and complaints from users in various other major cities indicate that 3G is being wonky as well. If you're a Verizon subscriber, and let us know if you're having problems in the comments (using a reliable WiFi connection!).
There are 18 replies on the forums. Reply on the forums, if you prefer.


text:
Many retailers around the country are looking to mid-autumn promotions to spur sales after an expected slow beginning to the new season, SN discovered in a survey.
Results from the summer were mixed, with some stores reporting their best seasons ever, while others called the season just ended one of their worst.
Supermarket operators are also planning to try a number of tactics to cope with consumer fears about a possible breakdown of the food-supply chain caused by the Y2K bug.
Tres Lund, president, Lund Food Holdings, Edina, Minn., is looking forward to a strong autumn. "October to December is our big quarter for specialty items," he said.
This year, he added, the company will be launching a storewide "whole health strategy," beginning with the mid-October opening of a remodeled store that has been closed since Aug. 7.
He said the strategy will result in "an increased push and promotion of organic and herbal products," with these items becoming "their own department within the store."
"It will take us the better part of a year for this program to hit all 19 stores," he added.
The summer was also a good season, Lund said. Same-store sales rose 6.9%. Lund said his chain featured a very successful summer promotion with chefs grilling seafood in front of its stores.
Lund said he is also preparing to take steps to calm consumers about Y2K issues. In October, his stores will be distributing material prepared by the Food Marketing Institute, Washington, that Lund noted, should "discourage concerns."
Macey's, Sandy, Utah, had a summer promotion in which each week it offers bargain prices on cases of goods on display in the store's parking lot. This summer's case-lot sale "was the strongest we've ever seen," said Kenneth Macey, the store's president. "Sales were way up."
These sales numbers were fueled at least in part by the high level of Y2K concerns among Utah shoppers. "It was not so much a frenzy as an attitude of preparedness," said Macey. "People were buying staples and good, everyday food items."
Macey said he'd had particularly high hopes for two truckloads of electrical generators the store was putting on sale in August. "I thought they would just fly out of here," he told SN. "They did not. We really laid an egg." Macey said the store will eventually sell the generators.
He also said that after the strong summer sales will probably fall off in September and October, at least until Halloween. "Halloween is big, really big here," he said. "We're ordering truckloads of candy."
Meanwhile, in the Midwest, Phillip Quillin, president of Quillin's, La Crosse, Wis., said he was expecting a slow fall after "an excellent summer."
"It was a good summer weather-wise," he explained. "People were active and doing things, and what that happens they tend to eat more." On the banks of the Mississippi, La Crosse is a regional center for water recreation drawing both locals and tourists, he added.
Fear of the approaching millennium is not much of an issue for his shoppers, said Quillin, who credits the local media with doing a lot to calm consumer anxieties.
Quillin said he does not have particularly high expectations for the beginning of autumn. "Fall is not our best season," he said. "The kids go back to school and eat school lunches. There's just not as much traffic. I just hope this fall is better than last fall."
To celebrate the season, and perhaps even boost sales, Quillin's will be holding its annual Octoberfest, a promotion focused on those twin Midwestern delicacies, bratwurst and beer, the perfect accompaniments to Green Bay Packers football. "The store does get awfully quiet on Sunday during Packer games," said Quillin.
In southern California, a shrinking number of supermarket chains are facing an increasingly competitive environment, said Ty Hitt, chief financial officer at K.V. Mart Co., Carson, Calif.
"On a same-store basis, the summer was down about 1%" for his company, he told SN. The reason for the decline, he said, was "things just haven't settled down" following the acquisitions earlier this year of Fred Meyer, Inc., Portland, Ore., by Kroger Co., Cincinnati, and of American Stores, Salt Lake City, by Albertson's, Boise, Idaho. Although none of the these companies are California-based, the mergers leave Albertson's and Krogers with a strong presence in the state.
However, Hitt said K.V. Mart is "projecting sales increases in the next fiscal year," which begins in October. Part of this will be due to challenges faced by the competition. The large chains, he noted, are heavily saddled with debt. "The easiest way to pay off debt is to cut payroll costs or increase operating margins," he said. In other words, K.V.'s rivals will have to cut back on service, increase prices or due both to satisfy their creditors.
Another reason things are looking up for K.V., according to Hitt, is the firm's recent expansion. "We've gone from 18 stores to 33 in just a few months," he said. "That should better enable us to compete."
While Hitt does not expect a Y2K crisis, K.V. is taking steps in case its shoppers do. "We are stocking more bottled water than usual in our warehouse," he said.
In the East, the summer was not kind to food retailers, said Joseph Azzolina, president, Food Circus, Middletown, N.J.
"The summer was good until August, and then the bottom dropped out," complained Azzolina, who said he has heard similar complaints from other New Jersey supermarket operators. "August was lousy, and September has been lousy. I don't know why."
Azzolina said he does not expect business to turn around in the fall. "For Thanksgiving, we're going to give away turkeys," he said. "The pattern hasn't changed. Everybody gives turkeys away, and nobody makes any money."
He also said he hopes his customers don't start stocking up on staples as the millennium draws to a close. "It throws off the whole supply chain," he said. "We run on flow. The last thing you want is to find yourself out of stock."


text: So i was messing around with my itouch. Thinking: What possible way there is to downgrading any version to 1.1.1? And the i had the idea. So what you do is install the file in the link below . [http://[PIRACY.rs].com/files/84655829/iPod_22.214.171.124.ipsw Then after you have downloaded the firmware. Just click Shift (WIndows) or Option (Mac) and brows that firmware. Then one itunes give you the error notice. Just select the dissier firmware and downgrade. NOTE: I have never tried it in Firmware 1.1.3. So don't get all mad if it doesn't work.


text:
Sydney Calmson Hoy (1916-1977)
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1916 in Walcha, New South Wales, Australia to Alfred William John Hoy (1878-1919) and Ada May Bath (1878-1950) and died 1977 in New South Wales, Australia of unspecified causes. Ancestors are from Australia, the United Kingdom, Scotland.
Sources and notes
|Ω Birth
|¶ Death