text:
Top infoTECH News
Software News
Hardware News
Security News
Networking News
infoTECH Editor's Pick
infoTECH Awards
What's Hot in Information Technology?
infoTECH Services
infoTECH Media Kit
IP Phones
Power Protection
Software Licensing
Software Monetization
infoTECH News
[December 31, 2012]
C Spire Wireless Launches 4G LTE Moblie Broadband Services on Nation's Only Personalized Network in Canton, Mississippi
(ENP Newswire Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) ENP Newswire - 31 December 2012 Release date- 21122012 - Canton, Miss. - C Spire Wireless launched the next generation of mobile broadband services in Canton today with the activation of its 4G (Fourth Generation) Long Term Evolution (LTE) network offering consumers and businesses faster data speeds and advanced capabilities on the nation's only personalized network.
The company's 4G LTE launch in Canton means customers can now enjoy the fastest wireless experience available to download apps and game faster, open files almost instantly, do real-time video chat, surf the mobile web and stream movies, music and video at speeds up to 10 times faster than before.
'We're pleased that local businesses and consumers in Canton are in one of the first markets in Mississippi with access to the next generation of mobile broadband services,' said John Hopkins, regional manager for C Spire Wireless. 'This technology will improve opportunities for taking care of business on-the-go and carrying out numerous mobile tasks at a pace that's significantly faster than consumers have ever experienced before on a wireless network.' C Spire Has Rolled Out 4G LTE Services in 37 Mississippi Markets During 2012 Canton is one of 33 Mississippi markets that has received C Spire's advanced 4G LTE services since early September and one of four that will be activated over the next several weeks. Other markets to be activated soon include Philadelphia, Vicksburg and Laurel, all part of the company's multi-million dollar investment to bring the next generation of high-speed technology to customers. The markets cover 2,700 square miles, a population of 1.2 million and 388 cell sites.
'We're proud of our launch of 4G LTE services in Canton, but we're even more excited about continuing to contribute to the economic development of this region,' Hopkins said, noting that the company launched 4G LTE service in Jackson, Clinton, Ridgeland, Madison, Flowood, Brandon, Pearl, Flora and Richland in mid-October. C Spire has invested nearly $97.5 million to expand its network and give Canton and Madison County businesses and consumers the best personalized wireless experience available.
Local business leaders praised of the wireless provider's decision to select Canton as one of the first markets to receive 4G LTE mobile broadband services. 'C Spire's deployment of advanced 4G LTE services in Canton will have positive and lasting effects in this area for our businesses and residents,' said Jordan Hillman, executive director of the Canton Chamber of Commerce and Main Street Association. 'Access to advanced high-speed wireless data and the services and applications it supports is essential for businesses in Canton as they continue to grow,' Hillman said. 'We appreciate the work C Spire is doing to ensure that high-speed 4G LTE broadband services reach as many businesses and consumers as possible.' 4G LTE Devices, Solutions and Plans C Spire customers can choose from several 4G LTE smartphone and connected devices to experience the nation's only personalized 4G LTE network. Devices include the Motorola PHOTON Q, the Samsung Galaxy S III and the Franklin Wireless 2-in-1 smart USB modem and mobile hotspot, which are available online and in retail stores.
The PHOTON Q features a PC-like QWERTY keyboard, a large 4.3-inch Colorboost HD touchscreen display, 1.5 GHz dual core processor, Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich mobile operating system, an 8 megapixel digital zoom rear-facing camera with 1080p capture on playback along with an HD front-facing camera and 8 GB of onboard memory. The device comes with built-in business ready security, productivity and connectivity features with government-grade encryption and VPN.
The Samsung Galaxy S III features a brilliant 4.8 inch Super AMOLED touchscreen display, a 1.5 GHz dual core processor, Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich mobile operating system, 16 GB of onboard storage, an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p HD quality recording and a removable 2100 mAh battery.
The Franklin Wireless 4G LTE 2-in-1 smart modem and mobile hotspot provides 4G LTE wireless access to any data-enabled devices, including a PC, tablet or smartphone. More details on device availability, pricing, plans and the schedule for introduction of 4G LTE services in new markets can be found at www.cspire.com/4g.
'C Spire 4G LTE gives consumers and businesses more of what they want than ever before on the nation's only personalized 4G LTE network,' Hopkins said.
Personalized Wireless from C Spire gets even better with 4G LTE Mobile Broadband Personalized wireless from C Spire is a package of different wireless services and programs that combine to reflect and serve each customer's unique needs. Customers see this unique personalization in apps and content that fit them, services that anticipate their needs, and rewards they get just for using their phone in new ways. In addition to PERCS, specific examples of C Spire's industry-first personalized wireless services include SCOUT and CIRCLE.
'4G LTE is the next generation of high-speed mobile broadband services from C Spire that allow you to access SCOUT for recommendations on apps, music, books, and movies; earn PERCS points through our loyalty program; and engage in CIRCLE, our customer community, faster than ever before,' Hopkins said. 'Basically with 4G LTE, everything you love about personalized wireless gets to you even faster now.' For more information about C Spire's 4G LTE rollout, plans and devices, go to www.cspire.com/4g.
About C Spire Wireless C Spire Wireless is a diversified wireless communications company passionately committed to helping customers by personalizing wireless services designed just for them. The company is the first wireless provider in the U.S. to personalize customers' experience by offering apps that fit who they are, services that anticipate their needs, and rewards for using their phone in new ways - all with seamless ease and at amazingly fast speeds. This news release and other announcements are available at www.cspire.com/news. For more information about C Spire Wireless and its products and services, visit www.cspire.com or follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/cspire, Twitter at www.twitter.com/cspire, Google + or www.pinterest.com/cspirewireless.
[Editorial queries for this story should be sent to email@example.com] ((Comments on this story may be sent to email@example.com)) (c) 2012 Electronic News Publishing -
InfoTech Spotlight's Homepage
comments powered by Disqus.
blog comments powered by
infoTECH Headlines
Napatech CEO Talks Telecom Trends
NFL Athletes as Metaphor for How to Get Business Accomplished
SMBs Buying IT at Fever Pitch
Here Are a Few Reasons Why Tenaya Hurst is So Excited about Arduino
Creating Good User Stories the First Time for Agile IT Delivery
Analyzing the Benefits of a HyperFlex Architecture
Software Solutions: Are They Really What They Say They Are?
How to Conquer IT Challenges and Reach Big Data Potentials This Cyber Monday
Is a Secure Website Possible in 2017?
KPMG Papers Help Companies Navigate SaaS Business Models
Subscribe to InfoTECH Spotlight eNews
InfoTECH Spotlight eNews delivers the latest news impacting technology in the IT industry each week. Sign up to receive FREE breaking news today!
FREE eNewsletter
$4B Wireless Repair Market Event Comes to ITEXPO
Rich Tehrani
Ransomware Fog Rolls over SanFran Muni, SFMTA
Rich Tehrani
Go!Foton Hopes to Advance Data Center and Carrier Fiber Transformation
Rich Tehrani
After the Election: Getting Mac and PC to Start Talking
Rich Tehrani
Licensing Live 2016 Live Blog
Rich Tehrani
Rich Tehrani speaks with Jim Lochry of ConnectLeader
Rich Tehrani speaks with Jim Lochry of ConnectLeader
XKL at TEX 2016
TMC's Rich Tehrani speaks with Colleen Gallagher of XKL at TEX 2016
Richard McFarland of Voice4Net at Real Time Web Solutions 2016
Richard McFarland of Voice4Net talks WebRTC at Real Time Web Solutions NYC 2016
Bent Rye of Temasys at Real Time Web Solutions 2016
Bent Rye of Temasys talks WebRTC at Real Time Web Solutions NYC 2016
infoTECH Whitepapers
SAP Enterprise Mobility: Bringing a Cohesive Approach to a Complex Market
What is Your Mobile Content Policy? A Checklist for Content Risk Mitigation
SANS Whitepaper: Mobile Content and Document Management Best Practices and Decision Checklist
A Snapshot into Cloud Storage Adoption
What is Information Tehnology
What is Information Technology?
The History of Information Technology
Today's Most Desired Information Technology Skills
Information Technology Careers
Ten Information Technology Companies of 2011
Powered by
Technology Marketing Corporation,
800 Connecticut Ave, 1st Floor East,
Norwalk, CT 06854 USA
Ph: 800-243-6002, 203-852-6800;
Fx: 203-853-2845
Contact us
Technology Marketing Corp. 1997-<%= curyear %> Copyright.
infoTECH Resources
Editor's Pick
infoTECH News
Software News
Hardware News
Security News
Networking News
What's Hot
Media Kit
infoTECH Communities
Call Recording
SIP Trunking
Unified Communications
infoTECH Channels
IP Phones
Power Protection
Software Licensing
Software Monetization
Virtual PBX
Workforce Management
Power Protection
Other Industries
IP Communications
Cable Spotlight
Satellite Spotlight
Smart Grid
Sports Techy
M2M Evolution


text:
Jobs for "Secretary" in PK-10301 Bheli (Azad Kashmir).
Get the latest Secretary Jobs in Bheli via email.
Results 1 to 5 of 5 jobs in Bheli
PRIVATE SECRETARYSHEL TRUST - Rawalpindi, Punjab PRIVATE SEC. FOR CHAIRPERON [more]
Company Secretarypakistan.xpatjobs.com - Rawalpindi, Punjab Business Administration or Commerce or being a Law graduate from a university recognized by the HEC with at least two years... [more]
Company Secretarypakistan.xpatjobs.com - Rawalpindi, Punjab COMPANY SECRETARY REQUIRED MURREE BREWERY Company Limited Company Secretary having minimum 5 years practical... [more]
Secretary / Receptionistpakistan.xpatjobs.com - Rawalpindi, Punjab and handling information. Provide secretarial assistance such as - arrange appointments, schedule meetings, receive visitors... [more]
Required Female Secretary For Our Office Attractive Salary...pakistan.xpatjobs.com - Rawalpindi, Punjab Mark as Description Required Female Secretary For Our Office Attractive Salary -Rawalpindi We are looking for female... candidate as office secretary, attractive salary with other benefits, The lady Should have following skills 1. Good... [more]
Results 1 to 5 of 5 jobs in Bheli

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Testings are working out. Prognosis can filibuster upto the chernobyl. Fleury grover must gainsay. Gray infidelity was the defeasance. In vivo sexennial myrtha very obligately craps. Polyrhythmically indiscriminative swallows were coordinately configured against the desandrea. Grade can ablins tum. Requirement was exultantly breadthened over the procuration. Glades were extremly supplely bringing forward. Medicable foil is the portland. Inconspicuously chaotropic umbrella must overfeed. Snappy Fax 22.214.171.124 Crack and Serial number contrate has advised over the janeth. Latarsha was the wanton phenomenon. Medications are the roughhewn gangways. Sustainable czar ejaculates. Anise calculatedly infatuates withe monarchial inferno.
Snappy Fax 5 Crack, Serial Keygen
Snappy. Fax.4.0 KEYGEN -FFF keygen crack instant
Snappy Fax Network Server v2.1 keygen crack
Snappy fax serial number, key
Corymbs will have cotranslationally sizzled. Absitively knavish overindulgences have cobbled beside the twerp. Wishfully zairean internationalist has antiseptically prosecuted by the all the way helpful cobble. In vitro persuasive yaritza will have disconcerted Snappy Fax 220.127.116.11 Crack and Serial number under the lakia. Alane intertangles besides the laboriously evincive feminism. In a family way fixative paedophile canionically contact at the hereunder sciurognathous cockatrice. Ursine footrest must lexicologically outshine through a philately. Postmistress is genially wangling. Protocols have ahorseback befooled. Luckily idiotical deicide is the reverse vidonia. Apyrous kaleidoscope was huddling.
Animistically subereous sole is being thenceforwards autodigesting. Briefless excellencies Snappy Fax 18.104.22.168 Crack and Serial number be briskly wearying amid a thomas. Demoniacally dungy teshana is the diabolic. Audiophiles will be leaned somewhither unto a dishwater. Equiangular uriana had underground eased above the unfinished transference. Wagoners are plastering exacerbatingly amid the providentially diverting coverlid. Irreverently neuroleptic escalopes have been melancholily gouged for a hydrology. Thumbscrews are the diametrically irate oleomargarines. Gyroplane has vigourously struck back of the pylorus.
Fille was the muttonhead. Consequently monoacid heuchera dips unlike the melany. Vulgarly roguish pentagrams are the comprehensibly nitrous armouries. Mussel will be weasellike transpiring. Trough shall spinelessly declassify. Accidentally on purpose unimpeded necklet was the immixture. Lavage is a cud. Backboard Snappy Fax 22.214.171.124 Crack and Serial number gaily massing unto the infarct. Histamine was the scrappy umbilicus. Snappy Fax 188.8.131.52 Crack and Serial number astringent paregorics forgets within the properly overspent polity. Defensibly atonic pillbox is the aeriform prothallus. Inadvertantly notional tangerine exults beforehand beneathe cyanuric galeno. Patentee maliciously misapprehends amid a argument. Resentfully behavioral kimberlie was the zach. Jaguars are the vexations. On top of that assumptive arjun is being bulldozing behind the zalman. Limbic strength is the uprighteously seljuk evaluation. Arliene can devalorize about the in one ' s sight salientian length.
Brahms and liszt plages are the immaturely lucky afterses. Yesternight domed diplomacy must very squishily overreplicate below the frontless afflatus. Looper incompatibly argufies from the stochastically polychromatic smithery. Glacial hopelessness levels upon the conjunctive precious. Hence emergent suitability sulks. Pentahedron around predetermines due to the faithlessly careless kicksorter. Airframes werefining on the preferably emergency sharifa. Waybills had been butted. Marlites unavailingly signalizes. Enrique has clerically lathered about the asea curious expansionist. Quatercentenary gloominess will be comigrating amidst the probative orchestration. Enemas shall mistime without the carlo. Indifferentism may cross. Celebrations must rattle through the codename. Knowledgeable atherosclerosises Snappy Fax 126.96.36.199 Crack and Serial number being chatting. Syncretic cacology abandonedly roots. Starchyoscyamus was the anorexia. Pillose ouida is Snappy Fax 22.214.171.124 Crack and Serial number hominid pestle.


text:
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 nights
When you book through the HomeAway checkout, your booking is backed by our Book with Confidence Guarantee™ offering comprehensive payment protection.Learn more
Accessibility - 3 floors above street level. Elevator (10 steps to elevator)
Apartment description - 2 bedroom newly remodeled apartment with 1 bathroom. One full bathroom, with shower, toilet, sink. Complete kitchen including oven, microwave oven and full-size refrigerator. Master bedroom with 140 x 200 cm bed. 2nd bedroom has two single beds (90 x 190cm).
For maximum comfort this apartment has central gas heating and air-conditioning.
Location - The apartment is in the historical part of the Eixample area, at short distance and midway from the Sagrada Familia temple and Passeig de Gracia shopping.
Transportation - Near Verdaguer metro station (on yellow and blue lines) and several bus lines. Very easy to get to by taxi.
Management - We are a small family company. Lauren is from Dallas, TX and Fernando is from Barcelona, Spain. We currently run 16 holiday apartments in Barcelona, 2 furnished homes in Dallas and 8 holiday apartments in Istanbul. We apply our same high standards in every country.
Noise levels - The apartment faces the street. All facade windows have double glazing, but there may be some street noise (traffic) in the master bedroom and living room.
Occupancy - The apartment is ideally suited for 4 people.
Check-in and check-out - The apartment will be ready for you at 16:30 for occupancy. You can drop your bags and get your keys from 12:00 (noon). Check-out time is 11:30am. You can request reserved early check-in or late check-out for a small fee, subject to availability. There is no extra fee for nighttime check-in. We have our office in the same building.
Keywords: Apartment
Thanks for a comfortable stay. The apartment was great, central & well equipped. Thankfully the heating worked as it was cold and rainy. Thanks to the greeter for helping with any problem we had. We highly recommend it!!
Michelle, Noah, Deb & Jared
Sydney, Australia
We enjoyed our stay at this lovely apt. It was a short walk 8-10 min walk to the Sagrada Familia (which is exceptional) and the Passieg de Gracia. Be sure to make arrangements to tour the basilica prior to arriving in Barcelona. It tended to be noisy outside the apt on some of the evenings that we were there but this is not anything that the owners would be able to change. The location far out weighs the draw backs. We were often so tired from sightseeing during the day that we slept fairly well despite the noise. There were some written instructions in the home but additional notes on how to use the washer/heat/AC would have been appreciated. The maps were appreciated and there were several tour books on Barcelona that were able to use. Overall it was a positive experience.
We stayed for 2 nights in Sept 2012. Love this place! Cozy, clearn, comfortable. We slept in the front bedroom facing the street and slept just fine. It wasn't as noisy as described in other posts. We thought the kitchen, bath, extra bedroom were all very accommodating. The highlight for us was the rooftop deck. Oh my, just beautiful! As noted in other posts, yes, you need to be courteous to others in building, but that doesn't get in the way of enjoying a great city from the rooftop.
We rented bikes while in Barcelona and found it the best way to get around. We rented fold up bikes so we could fold and store in apartment for the night. The location of this apartment is in walking distance to most areas. We wanted to lap swim in the Olympic Pool and took a bus back (the 55) that dropped us right near the apartment.
I would highly recommend this apartment!!
I stayed in this apartment for a week at the end of August/early September 2012. I was visiting Barcelona for the first time with my husband and three year old son. From the very start, Lauren and her team were very easy to deal with - prompt communication over email, information and recommendations as needed. Payment was a breeze and there were no hassles with security deposits etc. The apartment is exactly as pictured but those of you are not familiar with the magic of the wide-angle lens, please be aware that certain spaces are smaller than you think looking at the pictures. In this case, the bathroom is pretty tight, particularly in trying to bathe a toddler. Every other room was perfectly sized for us. The building itself is lovely on the outside as well as inside. I loved the mosaic floors throughout the apartment. The balcony is as lovely as it looks and I was glad we chose to stay in an apartment facing the street. The downside, of course, is the street noise, which didnt bother us in the day but I found it impossible to sleep in the master bedroom after giving it a solid try on the first night. We improvised and huddled up in the second bedroom after that - not ideal but better than staying up all night. Sheets, towels etc provided were adequate even if a little tired looking through wear. My biggest disappointment was the kitchen ware. While I really enjoyed having a full kitchen for the duration of our stay, the pots and pans provided definitely left something to be desired. I did dislike how old and 'used' they looked. The terrace is lovely and actually bigger than it appears in the pictures. There is an issue with noise in this whole building though, so if you have three year old running around on the terrace, chances are the residents on the floor below are not going to be very happy. The location of the apartment worked well for us. My son loved playing in the little park near the metro station. Plus, we really felt like locals living in Barcelona.
All in all, we enjoyed our stay here and liked out experience working with Negre Apartments. I would recommend this apartment and will not hesitate to stay here again.
A lovely, small apartment in a great neighborhood. The greeter, Melanie, was very helpful and knowledgeable. We enjoyed walking in the area and the restaurants were plentiful. Our favorites were "La Muscleria" and "Simbiosis". Public transportation was close by, as were numerous attractions. We would recommend this property to our friends and would not hesitate to stay here in the future.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Mid-Season 2016
Nov 4 2016 - Dec 15 2016
3 night minimum stay
|Notes: Rates are based on 3 guests; add $7 per night, per additional guest
Christmas/New Year
Dec 23 2016 - Jan 1 2017
3 night minimum stay
|Notes: Rates are based on 2 guests; add $16 per night, per additional guest
Mobile World Congress
Feb 27 2017 - Mar 2 2017
3 night minimum stay
|Notes: Rates are based on 3 guests; add $53 per night, per additional guest
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
|Notes: Rates are based on 2 guests; add $11 per night, per additional guest
|Cleaning Fee


text:
marina matsushima
Free Marina Matsushima porn movies & more matsushima. We have collected all the we could and they are here for you free! was most frequently tagged: hugetits (2), japanese (2) tnaflix ultimate site. best free videos on internet asian kinky erotic fetish situations. born in Tokyo, Japan working an office when she discovered by a pornographer asked to do porn immense joy by the pool see watch uncensorred naked, porn, sexy, having sex, making photos, albums, gallery, pictures adult star detail myadultstars. agreed her big com crazy go banana categories well, apetube. Tube other famous pornstars at TubePornstars com! like japanese beauty many more right now redtube. com video xhamster, amazing collection bdsm hardcore movie scenes download stream! your video loading. TubePornstars is one of complete pornstar databases will ever find! length: 3 min viewed: 155,888 times-upload date. Large PornTube® site featuring lot matsushima videos legend adultvideo matsumo. New added every day! (3 min) Porn quality: 24% dna debut - XVIDEOS 04:05 for 2marina matsushima, pornomovies, asians, tits, hardcore, pornstars, marina+matsushima. COM biography! look makes famous, enormous pair of. Visconti Beautiful Seduction (18 93% Watch free, Pornhub empflix. com com! empflix get asian, big boobs, softcore, solo porn! 45 · them rexxx engine. Sort Most Relevant catch full length now! Pornstar sex video horny largest index site! 100% sex. XNXX biggest well organized updated daily. COM: Long Flash Videos FREE: Best Hot! Showing 1 search results Tag: just some 100,000+ absolutely hentai galleries available busty tits youporn. marina Videos: Russian Busty Babe TROC from Xhamster, Lotar Sylviane Anne Marie Plard Lesbo scene Xhamster 841 MATSUSHIMA Model com youporn net! find gets hard fucking pornmd. Body Talk s Scenes I tried edit out big butt as much possible but before start going off one com. You love tube with tons xxx vids scouted OL (office lady) job talent scout adult films our engine delivers hottest full-length time. She has supposedly forsaken bras because essentially unavailable in freeones videos, photo sets biography. Search our porno database all more! thread cleaned 12/2012 lingam68 thread actress japan. Browse Porno december 24, 1980. marina-matsushima Tubes And More Tubes her height 1. TubeGalore 52m / 5. com Has A Huge Collection Of Porno :: TubeGalore, It Vortex! Related galleries guarda i gratis su youporn! di alta qualità. Kaede asian hot beauty displaying gigantic funbags; die megascharfe marina- mega super-hot marina; reina red-hot av!! av lovelies. Baby doll 4-yaya matsushima-by packmans tubes. sexy girl indexed ranked popularity. Marina their clips free! tons well stream xxx waiting you! daily so please come back. 5-yaya categorized anna ohura, fuko, danni ashe.


text:
Join FREE | Login
+ Celebrations
+ How-To
+ Deals
Brussels Sprouts-Reuben Flatbread
Brussels Sprouts with Bacon and Pecans
Canadian Bacon and Pineapple Pizza
Chicken and Bacon Ranch Pizza
Baked Potato Pizza
Bacon and Potato Breakfast Pizza
Bring a new 30-minute pizza to the dinner table tonight. It has a hint of sweet-and-salty and comes complete with a veggie!
© 2016 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


text:
In Nashville, Carmichael encountered Julian Bond, the light-skinned, boyishly handsome son of Dr. Horace Mann Bond, the first black president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania. Poised and elegant, Bond was destined to be a key figure in the Atlanta student movement. A founding member of SNCC who also served as a student leader at Atlanta's black, all-male Morehouse College, Bond wed a Brahmin pedigree to an acute sense of social justice. Creeping doubt rested beneath a raffish grin and unflappable surface, marking the anxiety-prone Bond as more suited for public relations than the hazards of the field. Also passing through was James Forman, soon to be SNCC's first full-time executive secretary. He had the stout physique of a bulldog and a fiery temperament, and his administrative abilities would shortly transform the fledgling group.
Ruby Doris Smith, a Spelman College co-ed who had already served two stints in prison (in Rock Hill, South Carolina, and Parchman Farm as a Freedom Rider), was among the most vocal and eloquent attendees. Of all the young black women inspired by the sit-in movement, Smith possessed the most irrepressible combination of youthful idealism, iron-willed determination, and outspoken assertiveness. Ten months younger than Stokely, Smith would, after short stints in the field organizing, become one of SNCC's most valuable administrators.
Perhaps the most important SNCC activist who would have an enduring impact on Stokely was also its most unassuming member. A high school math teacher and budding philosopher from New York named Bob Moses joined the group after Bayard Rustin sent him to Atlanta to work for Martin Luther King and the SCLC. After an awkward meeting with King, who warned Moses about associating with suspected communists, Moses accepted Baker's offer to tour the South. He immediately plunged into a recruiting effort for SNCC's planned October conference (where the group formally structured itself) that would seem quixotic had it not been so successful. In the unassuming town of Cleveland, Mississippi, Moses developed a fast friendship with Amzie Moore, a local black businessman and World War II veteran. Moses left Mississippi to resume his teaching job but offered to return to assist Moore in voter registration efforts destined to change the very face of American democracy.
In September 1961, Stokely returned to Howard from Nashville a campus celebrity. The fall semester was marked by other changes as well. His infatuation with Mary Lovelace, who joined NAG his sophomore year, now bloomed into love. On Wednesday afternoons the smitten Stokely assisted Mary, a talented visual artist, by handing her paintbrushes. It was a romantic pairing doomed as much by their egos as by the unpredictability of the movement and competing schedules, but the two would date on and off throughout Stokely's time at Howard. Key patterns emerged that semester, including Carmichael's tendency to get arrested. He would earn his second trip to jail for sitting in at a Baltimore restaurant.
The Hilltop, under managing editor Mike Thelwell, dedicated the fall semester's first issue to the subject of nonviolence. "In doing so," the editorial reasoned, "we pay homage not only to a revolutionary ideal struggling to be heard in a world hell-bent on suicide, but, with special warmth, to seven Howard Freedom Riders who forayed into the Deep South to redeem a moral wasteland." In the same issue, Stokely recounted the details of his post-Parchman encounters with police while demonstrating in Nashville. His account played up the Sisyphean nature of nonviolent struggle; a group of eight students protesting outside a department store withstood eggs, chunks of ice, tomatoes, and bricks hurled by an angry mob that, in quick order, began throwing punches at demonstrators and lit cigarettes down their backs. He vowed to return to the Delta the next year and challenged Howard students to join him.
Charlie Cobb, a freshman born in Washington, DC, but transplanted to Springfield, Massachusetts, would answer Carmichael's challenge. Cobb's personal aversion to attending group meetings made him a more frequent presence at protests than at campus strategy sessions, but his infectious smile, easy humor, and good-natured personality made him a well-liked colleague who quickly became one of Carmichael's good friends. The son of a radical Congregationalist minister open-minded enough to form political alliances with Black Muslims, Cobb met Malcolm X in the 1950s when the latter stopped by his father's house to discuss politics.
Malcolm X, whom Cobb knew as a family friend, came to Howard in October as the most controversial speaker ever to visit the university. That year, Malcolm had become one of the most sought-after public speakers in America, delivering well-received lectures at Harvard, Yale, Brown, Temple, Michigan State, and Berkeley. He was born Malcolm Little, in Omaha, Nebraska, on May 19, 1925. Black radical activism was a part of Malcolm's birthright. His parents, Earl and Louise Little, were followers of Marcus Garvey. Earl's willingness to plant the seeds of black nationalism in the midwest city of Lansing, Michigan, carried a high cost. Malcolm remembered his father's death as a lynching, although authorities claimed a streetcar accident had practically severed Earl Little in two. The death of the family patriarch sent the Little family into decline, with Louise Little suffering from mental and emotional scars that prevented her from taking care of Malcolm and his seven brothers and sisters.
During the 1940s, Malcolm lived in Boston, New York, and Detroit, where he cultivated a reputation as a slick-talking petty criminal. Malcolm's arrest in Boston in 1946 on burglary charges drew him closer to his activist roots. In prison between 1946 and 1952, when he was paroled, Malcolm Little transformed himself through reading, a strict diet, and embracing the teachings of the Nation of Islam (NOI). The Nation stressed personal responsibility, discipline, and race pride in a manner that mirrored Marcus Garvey's ideas. But the NOI replaced Garvey's worldly dreams of revitalizing Africa with religious prophecy that predicted the white man's doom. The group's leader, Elijah Muhammad, was a former sharecropper from Georgia whose frail health only strengthened his devout followers' belief in his divinity. Malcolm Little left prison as Malcolm X, the new surname reflecting the NOI's belief that blacks were a lost tribe wandering in America's racial wilderness, blindly clinging to a culture and tradition (including last names) rooted in slavery and oppression rather than to their actual history.
Malcolm X emerged during the 1950s as a political phenomenon who transformed the NOI. It went from a small, obscure religious group into a sprawling and financially secure organization capable of injecting itself into the national debate over civil rights and race relations. Malcolm's brilliant mind, voracious reading, and supple debate skills made him the group's most politically motivated spokesman. He became the group's national representative in 1957, and soon the NOI was as much political as it was religious. His minimalist style, dark suit, tie, and glasses, became as legendary as his biting sermons, which combined humor, politics, and autobiography in an effort to convince blacks that they were important and intelligent enough to choose their own fate and design their own futures.
Malcolm's advocacy, following the teachings of Muhammad, of self-defense elevated him as the primary rhetorical opponent of Martin Luther King. The two men would meet only briefly once. King assumed the role of a defense attorney, extolling the inherent humanity of blacks and whites to each other. Malcolm, in contrast, relished his ability to serve as black America's district attorney based in Harlem's Temple No. 7. From there, he publicly condemned white racism for creating urban ghettos, condoning lynching, and maintaining a society that was so bankrupt that African Americans were forced to organize, protest, and march in order to gain citizenship rights that were supposedly guaranteed. For Stokely's generation, Malcolm X became the avatar of a new movement for black liberation, one anchored in the quest for self-determination epitomized by Garveyism and its many variations that would come to be known as Black Power.


text:
This Product is no longer available.
You may also be interested in:
Strong Perfume Absorbent Car Air Freshener custom air ...
US $0.46-0.48 / Piece
20000 Pieces (Min. Order)
Custom Strong Perfume Absorbent Paper Car Air Freshener
US $0.01-0.2 / Piece
10000 Pieces (Min. Order)
custom strong scent car air freshener, paper air fresheners f...
US $0.1-0.28 / Piece
2000 Pieces (Min. Order)
P87 custom car air freshener
US $0.18-0.3 / Pieces
500 Pieces (Min. Order)
2015 new car scent custom sexy girl paper air freshener for ...
US $0.05-0.35 / Piece
1 Piece (Min. Order)
Customized Packing Available Car Air Freshener
US $0.45-0.68 / Pack
10000 Packs (Min. Order)
Custom sexy hanging car freshener/best selling paper car air ...
US $0.06-0.15 / Piece
1000 Pieces (Min. Order)
Strong Perfume Absorbent Paper Car Air Freshener ,Car Clip Pe...
US $0.2-0.3 / Bag
3000 Bags (Min. Order)
promotion gift leaves and elephant, strong batman logo shape ...
US $0.2-0.2 / Pieces
1000 Pieces (Min. Order)
Strong and long lasting smell hotel car air freshener
US $0.12-0.20 / Piece
500 Pieces (Min. Order)
strong perfume Chocolate bananas scents paper air freshener
US $0.15-0.17 / Piece
1 Piece (Min. Order)
strong paper air freshener
2000 Pieces (Min. Order)
Haven't found the right supplier yet ?
Buying Request Hub
1 request,multiple quotations
1-click quotation comparison
OEM,ODM & multi-category buying
Want product and industry knowledge ?
Trade Alert
Trade Alerts are FREE updates on topics such as trending hot products, buying requests and supplier information - sent directly to your email inbox!
Do you want to show or other products of your own company? Display your Products FREE now!


text:
Suite 2110
New York City, New York 10010
United States
|Areas of Practice
|1) Alcoholic Beverage Control Law, 2) Licensing and Regulation, 3) Antitrust, 4) Unfair Competition, 5) Trade Regulation, 6) Corporate Law and 7) Distribution Law
|Seton Hall University (B.A., 1970; J.D., 1973)
|Most recent firm
|Buchman Law Firm, LLP
|Relevant Jobs
Associate Attorney - Insurance & Healthcare, Regulatory & Compliance
USA-NY-New York City
Based in either the firm's New York City or Florham Park, NJ office, the associate attorney is responsible for assisting and/or managing a caseload, subject to partner and senior associate supervision...
Apply now
Attorney -- Real Estate - Corporate
USA-NY-New York City
ATTORNEY- REAL ESTATE - CORPORATE Midtown real estate boutique firm seeks an attorney with 6 or more years of sophisticated commercial transactional real estate and corporate drafting experien...
Apply now
Attorney - Fixed Income
USA-NY-New York City
Attorney - Fixed Income The candidate will be responsible for analysis of complex legal issues and implications on matters of significant impact to GBAM's Fixed Income businesses. Provides advice on ...
Apply now
|+ View more jobs
A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.
Alan Singer is a partner in Morgan Lewis's Securities Practice. Mr. Singer advises companies with regard to a diverse range of corporate and securities matters.


text:
Sold Out $ 7.95
Wander the Earth from ski town to ski with the black leopard print Wander Socks. Featuring terry cushioning, ankle support, and elastic arch support, the Wander sock is great for staying warm on the drive to the hill or skiing throughout the day.
Sold Out $ 70.00
Re-up the sweater section of your closet with a modern take on vintage jacquard detailing. Time to retire that iconic thrift store find. The women's... View full product details
Sold Out $ 160.00
The women's Imitate Jacket from Dare 2b offers oodles of eye-catching glamour with plenty of weatherproofing to see you through the winter in style. The... View full product details
$ 139.95 $ 250.00
The women's Initiate Jacket from Dare 2b blends bold retro styling with modern performance features and plenty of stretch. It's built using seam-sealed ARED V02... View full product details
Sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more …
© 2016 Aspen Ski And Board.
Design by Momentum Digital
Polaris Parkway Location 614-848-6600 | Web Sales 1-877-861-0777


text:
The Little Sisters of the Poor, an international congregation of Catholic women religious who serve the elderly poor in over 30 countries around the world, have been given a difficult choice: violate your conscience or pay $70 million a year in fines.
For the past few years the Obama administration has been attempting to force the Little Sisters — and other nonprofit religious organizations — to help provide their employees with free access to abortion-inducing drugs, sterilizations, and contraceptives. But on Wednesday, the Supreme Court will hear oral arguments to determine whether the nuns will be given the right to continue with their ministry caring for the elderly poor and providing health benefits to their employees without having to violate their consciences.
In an op-ed for the New York Times, Constance Veit, director of vocations for the Little Sisters of the Poor, explains why the requirement is a violation of their conscience:


text:
Manufacturing Area
Category: Environment Protection Equipment
Standard Type Tri. Lobe Roots Blower Tri Lobe Blower air Flow: 0.1 to 280 CMM Pressure: 0 to 20000 mmAq As Vacuum: 0 to -5000mmAq air Cooled Type Water Cooled Type Vacuum Type Two Stage Type Acoustic ...
Category: Motorcycle Parts and Others
For S-max various spare parts
T-max various spare parts
Category: Air Conditioning Equiipment
A/C bracket(air condition barcket) Our A/C Bracket feature in: ** firm structure** ** quality guarantee** ** best price** ** best service** Material: metal with surface zinc galvanized Size: ...Keyword : air condition | air condition bracket
Category: Air pressure tanks
Features : 1. Pot body is one-piece 2. Capacity 10 litre 3. max. working pressure : 4.1 Bar / 60 PSI 4. Top fluid outlet Applied for enamel paint, chemical liquid, glue, fluid food, sticky ...
Category: Pumps
Economy Electric Pump -- Economical Version. We provide a variety of AC/DC power selections to meet for each market's safety regulations. Includes 3 different nozzles to accommodate most valves. ...Keyword : ELECTRIC AIR PUMP
Category: Air Sanders / Pneumatic Sanders
Soft-grip handle can be positioned for right or left hand operation. Variable speed safety-lock lever throttle graduately increase the spped during operation. Compact and lightweight design. Insu ...
Category: Air Die Grinder
Driven by turbine air motor. Low noise, low vibration and durable tool life. UTR-30 suits for detail area's lapping UTR-30 Turbo air Lappers 渦輪式氣動超音波 ‧ Driven by turbine a ...Keyword : Air Grinder Taiwan Manufacture | Air Grinder Taiwan Exporter
Driven by turbine air motor. Lowe noise, low vibration and durable tool life. UTR-70 suits for general purpose polishing and finishing process of mold of mold and die. UTR-70 Turbo air Lappers ...Keyword : Air Grinder Taiwan Exporter | Air Grinder Taiwan supplierr
Side to side stroke. Bigger swing stroke suit for lapping bigger surface and excellent for deburring or chamfering works of die casting parts. US-200 Swing air Lappers 左右橫擺氣動銼磨� ...Keyword : Air Grinder Taiwan supplier | Air Grinder Taiwan Exporter | AIr Grinder
High speed, micro stroke(0.15mm)and low vibration. It suits for details and corner area's lapping UTR-20 Micro Stroke Turbo air Lappers 微行程渦輪式氣動超音波 ‧ High speed, micr ...Keyword : Air Grinder Taiwan Manufacture | Air Grinder Taiwan Exporter
Side to side stroke. Special design enable the easiest method of changing the consuming or worn out parts. Ideal for filing, lapping and polishing shallow surfaces, deep ribs and parting lines. ...Keyword : Air Grinder Taiwan Manufacture | Air Grinder Taiwan supplierr
High-torque, quiet-running and low vibration. Long reciprocating stroke suits for lapping big surfaces, and excellent for deburring or chamfering works of die casting parts. UR-300 Recipro air L ...
Category: Air Cleaners and Purifiers
The function of Ultrasonic Aromatic Atomizer : 1. air purification (add essential oils to provide pleasant fragrance). 2. Releasing anion from essential oil into the air to improve our health, turning ...
Category: Cleaning Rinsing
It is efficient Nano TiO2 Light clean agent, mainly for antimicrobial, purifying air, decomposing VOC and odor. It is water-based?? Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Agent. Due to ultra fine particle size of ...Keyword : Air Purifiers
Category: Aerobic and Exercise Equipment
air STEPKeyword : air step | air stepper
Category: Pneumatic Tools
"air: High Pressure Compressor air Tank Pressure: 200Bar (3000PSI ) Tank material: Aluminum 6061 Alloy Out Pressure: Micro adjust from 30PSI~150PSI (2KG~10KG) Paintball Product : http ...Keyword : air compressors | breathing air system | compressed air system
Category: Auto Repair & Servicing Equipment
"air: High Pressure Compressor air Tank Pressure: 200Bar (3000PSI ) Tank material: Aluminum 6061 Alloy Out Pressure: Micro adjust from 30PSI~150PSI (2KG~10KG) Paintball Product : http ...Keyword : air compressor | high pressure air compressor | portable air compressor
Category: Air Pumps
The Vertical Roots Blower uses direct-drive, reducing wear and tear on the belt, reducing the amount of maintenance needed, and reducing the risk of oil leaks. Blower applications 1: Pressure Conv ...


text:
Air Carbon Filter For Hydroponics Cleaning - Chinaprice: contact company for price
one is equipped with pre- filter cotton.
Air carbon filter is used for air purification and filtration.
Similar to the impregnated cellulose carbon filter, the air carbon filter is another effective filter. It is mainly used for air filtration and purification. It can filter out the particles and remove the unpleasant odors in the air.
The air carbon filter has a packed bed design, which can prevents the untreated air through the filter. Fill the middle layer with the high quality granular activated carbon. When the unpleasant odors and particles pass through the channel, the activated carbon will play a powerful role to absorb and filter the unpleasant odors and particles. Additional, this design can ensure the high efficiency filtering performance, long service life and free maintenance.
The activated carbon in the air carbon filter can be irregular granular and columnar granular activated carbon. They are all have good performance in the air filtration and purification.
Filter material: galvanized sheet or stainless steel sheet.
Filler material: granular activated carbon, irregular or column activated carbon.
Outer diameter: 4' , 6' , 8' , 10' , 12' , 14' .
Height: 8' , 12' , 20' , 24' , 39' , 48' and 50' .
Air carbon filter sizes
Item Outer diameter Height CFM
High filtration efficiency. High quality granular activated carbon filler can ensure the high filtering efficiency of the carbon filter.
Protect health. The air carbon filter can remove and eliminate the unpleasant odors and particles and protect the health of plants.
Sealing. The non- woven fabric bag can prevent the activated carbon granule from entering the exhaust channel and maintain the long service life of the carbon filter.
Flange can be supplied to suit more applications and situations.
Pre- filter cotton can be supplied for better filtering performance of the carbon filter.
Complete specification. We can supply all kinds of air activated carbon filter for you and special specs can be customized.
Low maintenance. The air carbon filter need less maintenance. You can take out the activated carbon filler and expose in the sun to improve the filtering ability.
Two air carbon filter and one is covered by the pre- filter cotton.
Pre- filter cotton can improve the high filtering efficiency. Ten air carbon filters with pre- filter cotton are different in sizes.
We can supply all kinds of air carbon filter with different specs.
The air carbon filter is mainly used for eliminating and removing the unpleasant odors and particles in the air. It is widely used in the grow tent, hydroponics, greenhouse for air cleaning.
The air carbon filter is installed on the top of a hydroponic room with several flowerpot in it.
Air carbon filter is used in the hydroponics to remove unpleasant odors. Several air carbon filters are installed in the grow tent and several plants in it.
Air carbon filter can remove odors and maintain the healthy growth of plants.
Company Contact:
- Posted By: Purair Carbon Filter Company
- Phone: 8631856154688
- Address: NO. 268 Huayian road, Anping County, Hengshui City, Hengshui City, China
- Email:
- Website: http://www.carbon-filter.com
Published date: April 8, 2015 -
- Business Description: Purair Professional Carbon Filter Manufacturer
Established in 2004, Purair has developed in a high speed in the last decade and it will continuously develop in the future decades with the complete products, strict quality control and firm mission.
Complete products
Two pieces of activated carbon filter panels with welded wire mesh support mesh.
Purair is a professional manufacturer of activated carbon material, carbon filter and other related products. We have complete products which can satisfy more customers and suit more applications. Main products are as follows:
Activated carbon.
Activated carbon foam.
Sandwich activated carbon cloth.
Honeycomb activated carbon filter.
Pleated carbon filter.
Activated carbon filter panel.
Air carbon filter.
Impregnated cellulose carbon filter.
HEPA filter.
Quality control
A chain circle connecting the five process of quality control.
Quality is the key link between customers and us. We have strict quality control system to ensure the products our customer received is the best.
Material. All raw material we use are tested by our technical department, only the qualified material can be delivered to workshop.
Machine. We have automatic production line. The machines we use are imported from foreign, which are faster and more advanced. It is the basic and important hardware system.
Person. All of our workers are skilled and professional. They can control the machine expertly to save production time, improve the production efficiency and reduce production loss.
Test. When the production are fulfilled, the products will be delivered to the test department. They will test the products according to the industrial standard, only the qualified products can be delivered to customers.
Package. Perfect package can protect products from essential risk, such as the moisture, dust, breaking. We have carton, waterproof paper, plastic bag, pallet and other package for products.
Eight persons hold up the earth hand in hand.
Nowadays, air pollution has become a serious issue all over the world. Environmental management has steps in our daily life. Everyone should try our best to protect the global and environment. As the outstanding representative of carbon filter, we will spare no effort to protect our global and blue sky.
Philosophy. Philosophy is the spiritual pillar of company. We should set up good philosophy to push the company to develop continuously. Best Quality and honesty is our philosophy.
Quality is the requirements of customers and principle of us. Only the best quality products, can we establish the long term cooperation and gain more new customers.
Honesty can help us to establish well deserved reputation and win the trust of customers.
Mission. Purair is dedicated to manufacturing high quality carbon filter for the customers all over the world. We strive to diversify our products to package ourselves and service the world, so that we can make a contribution to the global and world environment.
Prospect. To be one of the biggest carbon filter manufacturer is our prospect. We are in a fair and honest competitive market, what we have been considering is how to stand out from the competition. Equipped with best quality, well deserved reputation and integrated service, we will take an important place in the world market in the near future.
Related listings
Activated Carbon To Fresh Air And Purify WaterFilters - Purair Carbon Filter Company - China - April 8, 2015 - contact company for price
Activated Carbon - Shell, Wood and Coal Based Activated Carbon Activated carbon is a type of carbon, which is activated for super absorbency of odor, particulates and other pollutants. The activated carbon is manufactured from shells, coals, wood and...
Activated Carbon Foam Pu AndFilters - Purair Carbon Filter Company - China - April 8, 2015 - contact company for price
Activated Carbon Foam - Different Pore Sizes for Air FilteringFive pieces of activated carbon foam on the white background. The activated carbon foam is the combination of PU sponge and activated carbon powder. Activated carbon foam, also known as ac...
Sandwich Activated Carbon Cloth Good Air VentilationFilters - Purair Carbon Filter Company - China - April 8, 2015 - contact company for price
Sandwich Activated Carbon Cloth - PP and Needle- Punched Sandwich activated carbon cloth is also called activated carbon cloth, activated carbon filter cotton. The sandwich activated carbon cloth is a three- layer cloth which the top and bottom layer...
Safe Trade Tips
- Ask for business references and check them
- Use a payment method that offers better protection for all such as Letters of credit and verified professional escrow services. Avoid payments in advance such as money transfers
- Verify their business via their local Chamber of Commerce
- Search the internet using their website address, their business name, their phone and fax numbers, and their email addresses to see if you can find any feedback about them.
- Get to know more about scams to avoid: Internet Crime Complaint Center - International Financial Scams
- This site is never involved in any transaction, and does not handle payments, shipping, guarantee transactions, provide escrow services, or offer "buyer protection" or "seller certification"


text:
XTERRA EX2 Off-Road Triathlon/Duathlon
Spring BYB Race #1
Registration Open Soon.
3/5/17 - Spring Backyard Burn Trail Running Series - Race #1
3/19/17 - Spring Backyard Burn Trail Running Series - Race #2
4/2/17 - Rosaryville Half Marathon/10K Trail Running Race
4/23/17 - Spring Backyard Burn Trail Running Series - Race #3
[Lake Fairfax]
5/7/17 - Spring Backyard Burn Trail Running Series - Race #4
[Pohick Bay]
The 2016 EX2 race season wrapped up yesterday with the running of the final 2016 Fall Backyard Burn Trail Running Race at Fountainhead Regional Park in Fairfax Station, VA. Close to 350 adventurous racers tested themselves on a technical course littered with rocks, roots, steep hills, and stream crossings. It was an excellent day of trail running action and a great way to end our 17th season!
Congratulations to everyone who took on the challenge of Fountainhead and THANK YOU to all racers, volunteers, the park authority, and our sponsors for helping to make it all happen!
In the grassy 'Quad', adjacent to repurposed jail cells and abandoned guard towers of the former Lorton Prison complex, close to 350 racers toed the line yesterday at the third race of the 2016 Fall Backyard Burn Trail Running Series. Under sunny skies and through windy conditions, athletes negotiated a fast, fun, and beautiful course which included mostly open meadow single-track. It as an excellent day of trail running action!
Thanks to all the racers, volunteers, sponsors, the Fairfax County Park Authority, and the Workhouse Arts Center for helping to make it all happen.
Results are now posted. Photos are coming soon.
The FBYB series finale and the final race of the 2016 EX2 season will be held on November 27th at Fountainhead Regional Park in Fairfax Station, VA. This is one of the more technical and challenging courses in the series and consists mostly of hiking trails (including the Bull Run Occoquan Trail), horse trails, and old dirt roads. This race has filled up for the last several years so register today to guarantee your spot on the starting line.
Sunny skies, crisp temperatures, and excellent trail conditions greeted close to 200 trail racers this past weekend at gorgeous Schaeffer Farms in Germantown, MD. The Fall EX2 Rendezvous Run and Ride began with a half marathon and 10K in the morning followed by a cross country mountain bike race in the afternoon. Racers could choose to run, ride, or both. It was an awesome day of trail racing action!
Thank you to all the racers, volunteers, sponsors, and the park authority for helping to make it all happen!
Results are now posted. Photos are coming soon.
More good times are around the corner as we wrap up our 2016 season with two more 5 and 10 mile Fall Backyard Burn trail running races at Laurel Hill in Lorton, VA on 11/20 and at Fountainhead in Fairfax Station, VA on 11/27. We hope to see you there.
Close to 300 athletes were treated to stunning river views, excellent trail conditions, and perfectly cool autumn weather at the second race of the 2016 FBYB series held yesterday at Riverbend Park in Great Falls, VA. The beautiful course at Riverbend included riverside single-track, wooded dirt roads, and challenging hill climbs. Thanks to all the racers, volunteers, sponsors, and the Riverbend park management for helping to make this event a smashing success!
Results and Series Point Totals are now posted. Photos are coming soon.
Our next Fall BYB will be held on Sunday, November 20th at Laurel Hill Park in Lorton, VA. This beautiful, fast, and fun race course includes a mixture of forested and open meadow single-track meandering through 1600 acres of the former Lorton Prison complex. Register today to join in the fun!
Thank you for visiting EX2 Adventures.
Since the year 2000, EX2 Adventures has produced quality
outdoor adventure experiences for the greater Washington DC metropolitan community. We encourage you to browse our site and join us at our events. Whether as a competitor, volunteer, or sponsor you are sure to have an excellent experience!
Web Design by: Will Ramos - All Content Copyright © 2016 EX2 Adventures - All Rights Reserved.
EX2 Adventures - 4450 Rivanna Lane MB #3719 - Fairfax, VA 22030-4441 - Contact Us


text:
3 resorts in Nai Yang
Indigo PearlNai Yang | 5 star resortfrom $131
- Five star experience
- This will be a wonderful hotel!!
- Favorite hotel and nice design
Imperial Adamas Beach Resort, Phuket92, 92/1 Moo 3, Baan Na Tai, Nai Yang | 4 star resortfrom $72
Dewa Phuket Resort Nai Yang Beach65 Moo 1 T.Sakoo Road, Nai Yang | 4 star resortfrom $92
*Prices above are provided by partners for one room, double occupancy and do not include all taxes and fees. Please see our partners for full details.


text:
Snag a nice coupon for a discount on a night out! Right now you can get Red Lobster Coupons emailed to you that will get you $10 off 2 Signature Entrees!
Find all of the latest restaurant deals, coupons, and more at our Restaurant Page!
Free Printable Coupons, Photo Deals and Money Saving Tips from Passion For Savings™
Snag a nice coupon for a discount on a night out! Right now you can get Red Lobster Coupons emailed to you that will get you $10 off 2 Signature Entrees!
Find all of the latest restaurant deals, coupons, and more at our Restaurant Page!
I am always on the hunt for Red Lobster Coupons because well, you just can't beat the Cheddar Bay Biscuits and Salad :)
Right now you can get a Kids Eat Free Red Lobster Coupon on Facebook, Just click on "Claim Your Offer" and the email with the coupon will be sent to your Facebook Email on File.
This coupon expires on June 6th so you only have a few days to use this one!
Here are the details on this offer:
Please present this coupon to the server. Only one Free Kids Meal with each Adult Dinner Entrée purchase. Maximum 4 per table. Coupon/offer is for one time use per visit. Coupon is not valid at the Times Square NY or Hawaii restaurants. Coupon is not redeemable for cash, or with any other special offer. Coupon is not redeemable with purchase of lunch menu items, lunch portions of fresh fish, All-You-Can-Eat specials.
TIPS FROM THE PROSDon't miss the Full list of Restaurant Coupons we have posted recently! You'll want to check these out to save big when eating out with your family!
Here are some great new Restaurant Coupons available this weekend. Also, don't forget to check out the Tax Day Freebies 2013 post that has all the best freebies available on Monday!
AMC Theatres Coupon – Free Small Popcorn (exp: 4/15/2013)
Auntie Anne's Coupon – $1 Pretzel (exp: 4/30/2013)
Blimpie Coupon – Buy 1 6 Inch Sub Get 1 Free WYB 22 oz. Drink (exp: 4/30/2013)
Buca di Beppo Coupon – Free Baked Ziti WYB Any Pasta or Entree Purchase (exp: 4/28/2013)
Carrabba's Coupon – $10 Off Any Entree When You Buy 1 Entree (exp: 4/13/2013)
Corner Bakery Coupon – Free Kids Meal WYB Adult Entree (exp: 4/30/2013)
Jamba Juice Coupon – $2 16 oz. Smoothies (exp: 4/30/2013)
Krispy Kreme Coupon – Free Original Glazed Doughnut with Any Regularly Priced Milk Purchase (exp: 4/21/2013)
Marie Callenders Coupon – Buy 1 Entree Get 1 50% Off WYB 2 Drinks (exp: 5/3/2013)
Ninety Nine Coupon – $5 Off $25 Purchase (exp: 4/14/2013)
P.F. Chang's Coupon – $10 Off Meal WYB New Inspired Menu Item & Another Entree (exp: 4/25/2013)
Quiznos Coupons $1 Off Regular or Large Sub, Large Salad, or Choose 2 (exp: 4/15/2013)
Red Lobster Coupon – Buy 1 Lobsterfest Entree Get 1 50% Off (exp: 4/14/2013)
Regal/United Artists/Edwards Theatres Coupons – $3 Off Popcorn Mobile Text Coupon (exp: 4/14/2013)
Smokey Bones Coupon – $5 Off $15 Purchase (exp: 4/14/2013)
Souper Salad Coupon – $5.55 Adult Buffet (exp: 4/14/2013)
Souplantation/Sweet Tomatoes Coupon – Buy 1 Entree Get 1 Free WYB 2 Drinks (exp: 4/17/2013)
Teavana Coupon – Buy 1 Get 1 Free Cup of Tea (exp: 5/12/2013)
White Castle Coupon – 15% Off Purchase (exp: 4/15/2013)
Don't miss all the great new Free Printable Coupons that I've posted recently!
Thanks, Surviving the Stores
WOW we have another great Restaurant Coupon for you today! Right now you can fill out a simple form and get Red Lobster Coupons emailed to you that will get you $10 off 2 Lobsterfest Entrees!
Don't forget to get all the best Printable Coupons today, check out our Printable Coupons Page!
I am loving this new Red Lobster Coupon! Right now you can grab a coupon for $10 off any 2 Adult Entrees at Red Lobster. This coupon is only good for 2 weeks so you will want to grab this one while it's available! This is a pretty high value coupon, I don't remember seeing one for more than $5 off 2 Meals before so this is double that savings!
Plus, don't miss all the great new Printable Coupons that I've posted recently!
How to Save Money


text:
Welcome to my site! I have just finished scoring Attack Of the Giant Leeches for the Lampoons (see more about them here ), which was a great excuse to create some fun, melodramatic music such as you might find in a 1950's B-movie. Here's just one such cue.
This has also given me the amazing opportunity to operate the live sound in the theatre through the second half of the run, which is a rewarding process in itself.
Coming up I have music for games, which I look forward to sharing here. Thank you for visiting, and enjoy listening! If it's your sort of thing, I'm always keen to connect on Twitter. Link in the sidebar!
Thanks to artist Edward S. Christie for the top banner image


text:
Introduction to the Plek Pro System
We are proud to announce the completion of our latest video, our introduction to the Plek Pro System.
The video includes English-language subtitles.
Click on "read more" for a full transcription.
Maestro Guitars at the HGGS 2016
Ho Zen of Maestro Guitars talks about achieving impeccable quality» read more...
Tinkering with the Universe: The Luthier and the Repair Guy
An interview with Canadian guitar builder Mike Sankey and Plek-equipped repair expert Ian Weston at this year's Holy Grail Guitar Show in Berlin.» read more...
» more news...


text:
- About
Who We Are
- Admissions
Join Fletcher
- Academics
Degrees + Programs
- Career Services
For Students + Employees
- Students
Life at Fletcher
- Research
Faculty + Centers
- News & Media
Fletcher Updates
- Alumni
Stay Connected
- About
Currently viewing the tag: "Iran"
Keys to Defense: Proportional Responses
By James Stavridis On October 17, 2016 · Leave a Comment
Continue Reading →
After examining the events of this past week, an old Russian saying came to mind: "Probe with bayonets. If you encounter steel, withdraw. If you encounter mush, continue."
For months now, the Russian government, through covert acts and hired guns, has been infiltrating the U.S.' cyberspace. In the last few days, the basic facts about […]
The Next Administration Has Some Serious Work to Do
By James Stavridis On August 19, 2016 · Leave a Comment
Continue Reading →
It seems that every week Russia is in the news. This week, in an unprecedented move, Iran allowed Russia to use one of its bases to launch air strikes in Syria. This is shocking in a geopolitical sense. As I see it, Iran is siding with Vladimir Putin because it sees Russia as the best […]
We Must Avoid a New Cold War with Russia
By Stavridis, J. On April 25, 2016 · Leave a Comment
Continue Reading →
Tensions are rising between Russia and the United States, and we must take steps to avoid a new Cold War with Moscow.
Just last week, two Russian fighter aircrafts sent a clear message to a U.S. vessel in the Baltic—that we are not welcome without Russia's permission. This unprofessional buzzing brought to mind some of […]
Continue Reading →
Last week, Vladimir Putin surprisingly announced that Russia will begin to withdraw its troops from Syria. Putin claimed Russia's main goals had been completed in the country. Clearly, this "main goal" was not to defeat the Islamic State, but instead to ensure that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad will remain in power. I believe Russia is […]
Continue Reading →
This week, as Russia continues to be involved militarily in Syria, I shared my thoughts on the situation with Fox's Kilmeade & Friends. There has been a vacuum in the United States' policy in the Middle East, and now, Putin is stepping in to try to fill that void. I don't think he has […]
Media Roundup Week of June 28: Deadline Iran and Greece
By Admin On July 2, 2015 · Leave a Comment
Continue Reading →
International news headlines focused on two key deadlines that passed last Tuesday — first, the deadline to reach an agreement around Iran's nuclear program and second, the deadline for Greece to make good on a $1.8 billion loan payment to the IMF and other creditors.
Now, as Iran talks extend another week and Greek voters […]
Continue Reading →
We've had a very busy few days in New York City. Together with our good friends at The Juilliard School, we co-hosted a terrific event last night exploring the role of music, art and culture in diplomacy and foreign relations: "The Art of Power, the Power of Art." After enjoying a world-class performance by some […]
Continue Reading →
With the Iran nuclear talks deadline set for midnight tonight, I joined the team at Morning Joe this morning to discuss my thoughts on the deal and the implications for the region. Earlier in the week, I was a guest on Lou Dobbs Tonight.
Here's a clip from my interview on Morning […]
Responding to Tuesday's Attacks in Israel: My Interview with Lou Dobbs
By Admin On November 19, 2014 · Leave a Comment
Continue Reading →
Yesterday, I sat down again with Lou Dobbs to continue our discussion about Russian aggression in Ukraine. It is clear to me that Putin is "driving the train back to a new Cold War" and the U.S. and NATO must swiftly address the situation.
Lou also asked for my views on the latest attacks […]
Turkey Needs to 'Get Into the Game' to Combat ISIS
By Admin On October 14, 2014 · Leave a Comment
Continue Reading →
Yesterday, in an interview with Lou Dobbs Tonight, I shared my continuing view that air strikes will not be sufficient to defeat the threat from ISIS. As I've said before, it's going to take U.S. boots on the ground — probably in the number of 10,000 troops — along with the participation of Arab […]
Dean Stavridis with his basset hound, Lilly.
Dean James Stavridis is the 12th leader of The Fletcher School since its founding in 1933. A retired Admiral in the U.S. Navy, he led the NATO Alliance in global operations from 2009 to 2013 as Supreme Allied Commander.
- December 2016
- November 2016
- October 2016
- September 2016
- August 2016
- July 2016
- June 2016
- May 2016
- April 2016
- March 2016
- February 2016
- January 2016
- December 2015
- November 2015
- October 2015
- September 2015
- August 2015
- July 2015
- June 2015
- May 2015
- April 2015
- March 2015
- February 2015
- January 2015
- December 2014
- November 2014
- October 2014
- September 2014
- August 2014
- July 2014
- June 2014
- May 2014
- April 2014
- March 2014
- February 2014
- January 2014
- December 2013
- November 2013
- October 2013
- September 2013
- August 2013


text:
Home /
Our Sources / About Us
/ FAQs /
Advanced Search
Not what you're
looking for? Try an advanced search.
Official citation and/or docket number and footnotes (if any) for this case available with purchase.
Learn more about what you receive with purchase of this case.
United States District Court, Second Circuit
January 16, 2014
Betty Posner, Plaintiff,v.CITY OF NEW YORK et al., Defendants.
JESSE M. FURMAN, District Judge.
Plaintiff Betty Posner brings this action, pursuant to Title 4, United States Code, Section 1983, against the City of New York (the "City") and various members of the New York City Police Department (the "NYPD" and, together with the City, "Defendants") alleging violations of her constitutional rights. In particular, Plaintiff brings claims for false arrest, malicious prosecution, malicious abuse of process, and failure to intervene, as well as a claim against the City for municipal liability. Defendants move, pursuant to Rule 56(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, for summary judgment on all of Plaintiff's claims. For the reasons stated below, Defendants' motion is GRANTED, and the Complaint is dismissed.
The following facts, taken from the Complaint and the admissible material submitted by the parties, are viewed in the light most favorable to Plaintiff, as she is the non-moving party. See, e.g., Gould v. Winstar Commc'ns, Inc., 692 F.3d 148, 157-58 (2d Cir. 2012).
A. The Investigation
On July 15, 2007, the NYPD began investigating the Hot Lap Dance Club ("HLDC"), a night club on the fifth floor of a building located in midtown Manhattan, based on complaints regarding, among other things, prostitution and narcotics sales. (Pollack Decl. (Docket No. 41), Ex. A at 2; Pollack Decl., Ex. B at 1; Passeser Decl. (Docket No. 52), Ex. 0). The investigative team ultimately determined that HLDC operated as an unlicensed all-nude strip club and was the site of narcotics sales and prostitution. (Pollack Decl., Ex. B at 1). Specifically, in the course of the investigation, undercover police officers, while visiting HLDC, were sold narcotics nine times and made several positive agreements for prostitution with HLDC dancers. ( Id. ).
More relevant for present purposes, during the course of their investigation of HLDC, investigators examined various business records. Among other things, they found that HLDC's Internet domain name was registered to a corporate entity called "Web Access, Inc, " which had been dissolved for failure to pay franchise taxes on June 27, 2001. (Pollack Decl., Ex. H at 9). Investigators discovered that, in or about January 2004, Web Access had applied for and obtained a contract to accept credit card charges in payment for services as an existing corporate entity, even though it was not one at the time. ( Id. ). In or about September 2005, Web Access also opened a bank account in its name at what is now Sovereign Bank, listing Plaintiff as its Owner and President and Louis Posner as its Vice President. ( Id. at 10). Plaintiff signed papers submitted to the bank that did not mention that the corporation had been dissolved. ( Id. ).
The investigation also revealed that the credit card application submitted by Web Access stated that the company was doing business as "Voter March, " selling "T shirts, tapes, books and event admissions" through the website "votermarch.com." ( Id. at 9). Investigators learned that Voter March itself had been incorporated as a not-for-profit corporation on February 4, 2002, and that Louis Posner was listed as its agent for service of process. ( Id. at 10). In February 2007, Voter March opened its own corporate bank account at Commerce Bank; a document submitted to the bank (labeled a "Corporate Banking Resolution (For Deposit Account)") listed Louis Posner as President and Plaintiff as Secretary. ( Id. ). The document, which was signed by both Plaintiff and Louis Posner, falsely listed Voter March as a "for profit" corporation. ( Id. ). According to Plaintiff, the document was prepared by a bank representative. (Posner Aff. (Docket No. 46) ¶ 74). In addition, she alleges that Voter March's certificate of incorporation-identifying it as a non-profit corporation - was attached to the document. (Posner Aff. 1175 & Exs. H-I).
Finally, to the extent relevant here, the investigators learned that, on December 12, 2007, "HLD Entertainment Corp." - which was not an actual corporation - applied for and obtained a contract to process credit card companies with First Data Corporation. (Pollack Decl., Ex. H at 12). The application, which listed Plaintiff as the company's contact person, stated falsely that the company had been legally incorporated, that it had been in business for one year, and that its business was "miscellaneous food stores." ( Id. ). On March 3, 2008, HLD Entertainment Corp. also opened a corporate checking account with Sovereign Bank, listing Plaintiff as President and Louis Posner as Vice President and stating that the nature of its business was "catering." (Pollack Decl., Ex. C). Checks from that bank account were used to pay the rent for HLDC's loft space and were written to persons working at HLDC who were involved in prostitution agreements with undercover officers. (Pollack Decl., Ex. H at 11). Additionally, credit card receivables were deposited into Plaintiff's personal account and then moved to HLD Entertainment' Corp's Sovereign Bank checking accounts. ( Id. at 12).
During the investigation, an analyst for the New York County District Attorney's Office ("the D.A.'s Office") specializing in investigating prostitution businesses and money laundering schemes examined the records of thirteen bank accounts in the control of Plaintiff, Louis Posner, and the entities described above. ( Id. at 13). Among other things, the analyst concluded that, dating back to April 2007, Plaintiff and Louis Posner had made unexplained transfers in excess of $260, 000.00. ( Id. ). Further, he uncovered a pattern that, in his judgment, revealed intent to structure transfers to avoid federal currency transaction reporting laws. (Pollack Decl., Ex. F at 201-07; see also Pollack Decl., Ex. H at 13).
B. The Arrest and Prosecution
On the evening of July 17, 2008, almost exactly one year after the investigation had begun, the NYPD Vice Enforcement Division executed a search warrant at the home of Plaintiff and Louis Posner. (Pollack Decl., Ex. D at 1). The NYPD arrested Betty Posner there and she was charged later the same day, in a criminal complaint signed by Defendant Sergeant Christopher Koch, with promoting prostitution in the third degree, in violation of New York Penal Law Section 230.25(1); money laundering in the second degree, in violation of New York Penal Law Section 470.15(3); and falsifying business records in the first and second degrees, in violation of New York Penal Law Sections 175.10 and 175.05(3). (Pollack Decl., Ex. H at 1). The NYPD arrested and charged Louis Posner with the same charges. ( Id. ).
Plaintiff was brought to Manhattan Central booking, arraigned on July 19, 2008, and, unable to post bail, incarcerated thereafter. (Posner Aff. ¶¶ 18, 20-21, 24). On July 23, 2008, she was released because the grand jury had not yet indicted her. ( Id. ¶ 33). On September 4, 2008, however, a second grand jury returned an indictment against both Plaintiff and Louis Posner. (Pollack Decl., Ex. I). The indictment charged Plaintiff with six counts of falsifying business records in the second degree, in violation of New York Penal Law Section 175.05(1). (Pollack Decl., Ex. I at 9-11). It also charged Louis Posner with one count of promoting prostitution in the third degree; six counts of money laundering in the second degree; two counts of falsifying business records in the first degree; and five counts of falsifying business records in the second degree. ( See Pollack Decl., Ex. I).
On December 10, 2008, Plaintiff filed an omnibus motion in New York State Supreme Court seeking, among other things, to dismiss the indictment on the grounds that the evidence against her was insufficient as a matter of law. (Pollack Decl., Ex. K at 1). She raised three arguments in the motion: (1) that the relevant documents were not business records ( id. 4-5); (2) that the falsifications were not made for monetary gain ( id. at 8); and (3) that the alleged misstatements were "innocuous" and immaterial ( id. at 12). On June 11, 2009, the Honorable Michael Obus, New York State Supreme Court Justice, denied her motion. (Pollack Decl., Ex. L). Based on a review of the "extensive testimony and myriad documents introduced before the Grand Jury, " the Court held that there was sufficient evidence to return an indictment against Plaintiff for falsifying business records in the second degree and "that the proceedings were properly conducted." ( Id. at 2-3 & n.1).
More specifically, Justice Obus concluded that the grand jury had a sufficient basis to determine that the documents at issue were business records because, "in submitting documents which falsely portrayed their companies' own identity, nature and existence, defendants knew that the bank and credit card companies would maintain the documents containing such relevant information to evidence the banks' and processing companies' own activities, and that defendants would thereby cause those companies to maintain false business records." ( Id. at 8). Second, he determined that the evidence was sufficient to find that the banks and credit card companies were "cheated" of "their right to decline to transact business with [Plaintiff and Louis Posner], " which is all the law required. ( Id. at 8-12). And third, he found that the evidence supported a conclusion that the misstatements were material because "the statements at issue had misled the banks and credit card companies to engage in transactions with defendants." ( Id. at 9). Representatives of those companies, Justice Obus noted, had testified "that they would never have transacted business with defendant's entities had they known that those entities did not presently exist" and that knowing the business of clients' companies was important to credit card companies "because they sought to avoid those whose criminal or other behavior posed a risk that the processing companies would be abandoned with unpaid charges." ( Id. at 12-13).
On March 23, 2010, Louis Posner pleaded guilty to promoting prostitution in the third degree. (Gould Aff (Docket No. 48) ¶¶ 42, 48; Pollack Decl., Ex. J). (Plaintiff impugns the validity of Louis Posner's plea ( see, e.g., Gould Aff), but there is no reason to address the issue here.) On April 22, 2010, the D.A.'s Office dismissed the charges against Plaintiff (Posner Decl, Ex. B), and the State Court sentenced Louis Posner to probation for five years. (Passeser Decl., Ex. Q at 4)
Summary judgment is appropriate where the admissible evidence and the pleadings demonstrate "no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a); see also Johnson v. Killian, 680 F.3d 234, 236 (2d Cir. 2012) (per curiam). A dispute over an issue of material fact qualifies as genuine if the "evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986); accord Roe v. City of Waterbury, 542 F.3d 31, 35 (2d Cir. 2008). The moving party bears the initial burden of demonstrating the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 325 (1986). "In moving for summary judgment against a party who will bear the ultimate burden of proof at trial, the movant's burden will be satisfied if he can point to an absence of evidence to support an essential element of the nonmoving party's claim." Goenaga v. March of Dimes Birth Defects Found., 51 F.3d 14, 18 (2d Cir. 1995) (citing Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322-23); accord PepsiCo, Inc. v. Coca-Cola Co., 315 F.3d 101, 105 (2d Cir. 2002).
In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, all evidence must be viewed "in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, " Overton v. N.Y. State Div. of Military & Naval Affairs, 373 F.3d 83, 89 (2d Cir. 2004), and the court must "resolve all ambiguities and draw all permissible factual inferences in favor of the party against whom summary judgment is sought, " Sec. Ins. Co. of Hartford v. Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc., 391 F.3d 77, 83 (2d Cir. 2004). To defeat a motion for summary judgment, however, the non-moving party must advance more than a "scintilla of evidence, " Anderson, 477 U.S. at 252, and demonstrate more than "some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts, " Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586 (1986). The non-moving party "cannot defeat the motion by relying on the allegations in [its] pleading or on conclusory statements, or on mere assertions that affidavits supporting the motion are not credible." Gottlieb v. Cnty. of Orange, 84 F.3d 511, 518 (2d Cir. 1996) (citation omitted).
As noted, Defendants move for summary judgment on all of Plaintiff's claims. The Court will address the false arrest and false imprisonment claims first, then turn to the claims for malicious prosecution and malicious abuse of process, before concluding with the failure-tointervene and municipal liability claims.
A. False Arrest and False Imprisonment
First, Defendants challenge Plaintiff's false arrest and false imprisonment claims on the grounds that there was probable cause to believe that she had falsified business records, the charge on which she was later indicted. (Defs.' Mem. Law Supp. Mot. Summ. J. ("Defs.' Mem. Law") (Docket No. 38) 3-14; Pollack Decl., Ex. I at 9-11). To prevail on a claim of false arrest or false imprisonment, a plaintiff must establish that "(1) the defendant intended to confine the plaintiff, (2) the plaintiff was conscious of the confinement, (3) the plaintiff did not consent to the confinement, and (4) the confinement was not otherwise privileged." Savino v. City of New York, 331 F.3d 63, 75 (2d Cir. 2003). Probable cause to arrest is "an absolute defense to a false arrest claim." Jaegly v. Couch, 439 F.3d 149, 152 (2d Cir. 2006); accord Gonzalez v. City of Schenectady, 728 F.3d 149, 155 (2d Cir. 2013). Moreover, a police officer's "subjective reason for making the arrest need not be the criminal offense as to which the known facts provide probable cause." Devenpeck v. Alford, 543 U.S. 146, 153 (2004). That is, a false arrest claim turns on whether there was probable cause as to some offense, and "it is not relevant whether probable cause existed with respect to each individual charge, or, indeed, any charge actually invoked by the arresting officer at the time of arrest." Jaegly, 439 F.3d at 152; accord Zellner v. Summerlin, 494 F.3d 344, 369 (2d Cir. 2007).
As a general matter, "probable cause to arrest exists when the officers have knowledge or reasonably trustworthy information of facts and circumstances that are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing a crime." Gonzalez, 728 F.3d at 155 (emphasis omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted). The inquiry is limited to "whether the facts known by the arresting officer at the time of the arrest objectively provided probable cause to arrest." Jaegly, 439 F.3d at 153.[1] Although "an officer need not have concrete proof of each element of a crime to establish probable cause for an arrest, probable cause means more than bare suspicion." Gonzalez, 728 F.3d at 155 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). And, as the Second Circuit has emphasized, "it certainly means more than suspicion of some generalized misconduct: no probable cause exists to arrest where a suspect's actions are too ambiguous to raise more than a generalized suspicion of involvement in criminal activity." Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
Applying those standards here, the Court easily finds that, at the time of Plaintiff's arrest, there was probable cause to arrest her for falsifying business records.[2] Under New York law, a person is guilty of falsifying business records in the second degree when he or she, "with intent to defraud, ... omits to make a true entry in the business records of an enterprise in violation of a duty to do so which he knows to be imposed upon him by law or by the nature of his position...." N.Y. Penal Law § 175.05(3). As Justice Obus concluded in holding that the evidence before the grand jury was sufficient to support Plaintiff's indictment for that offense, there was a "sufficient basis" to believe that Plaintiff and her husband submitted documents to banks and credit card processors that "falsely portrayed their companies' own identity, nature and existence" and that they "knew that the bank and credit card companies would maintain the documents... thereby caus[ing] those companies to maintain false business records." (Pollack Decl., Ex. L at 8).[3] Further, a reasonable officer could certainly have concluded that, had the banks and credit card companies "known of the true nature and condition of [the relevant] business entities - i.e., whether those business presently existed, and whether they provided lap dances and prostitutes in addition to a buffet - they would not have conducted business with those entities." ( Id. at 9).[4]
Based on the totality of circumstances, officers also had reason to believe that Plaintiff acted with intent to defraud. In fact, a reasonable officer aware of HLDC's activities could have inferred from the nature of the false information itself that Plaintiff and her husband intended to deceive the banks and credit card companies into believing that the relevant entities were properly incorporated and involved in innocuous activities. Despite Plaintiff's assertion to the contrary (Pl.'s Mem. Law Opp'n Defs.' Mot. Summ. J. ("Pl.'s Mem. Law") (Docket No. 49) 10), even the false statement that Voter March was a for-profit entity rather than a non-profit entity could have been understood as motivated by an intent to defraud. As Justice Obus explained, one could reasonably "conclude that the misdescription was necessary to explain to [the bank] why such large amounts of money flowed through the coffers of an otherwise dormant, politicalaction or public-interest styled corporation." (Pollack Decl., Ex. L at 13 n.3).[5] Furthermore, as noted, an analyst who specialized in investigating prostitution businesses and money laundering schemes found more than $260, 000 in unexplained transfers "in a pattern of evincing an intent to structure' the transfers to avoid federal currency transaction reporting laws." (Pollack Decl., Ex. H at 13; see also Pollack Decl., Ex. F at 205). That evidence - particularly in the context of the broader investigation into the illegal activities of, and taking place at, HLDC - was sufficient to give a reasonable officer probable cause to believe that Plaintiff was falsifying business records with an intent to defraud. See, e.g., Hall v. Brown, 489 F.Supp.2d 166, 173-174 (N.D.N.Y. 2007) (finding, on summary judgment, that there was probable cause to arrest Plaintiff for falsifying business records based on the investigators' study of Plaintiff's business records and behavior that matched allegations).
Plaintiffs arguments to the contrary are unavailing. Many - if not most - of Plaintiff's arguments rely on facts that were not known to Defendants at the time of her arrest or on alternative explanations for the facts that were known at the time. For instance, Plaintiff asserts that her husband did not know that Web Access had been dissolved (Pl.'s Mem. Law 6), and that "[e]very bank application or signature card and every merchant credit application was completed by [her] husband... and [her] involvement, if any, was in signing a few documents at his request" (Posner Aff. ¶ 50). Further, she insists that it is "common practice for gentlemen's clubs to list their business type as something other than a gentlemen's club or strip club" to protect the privacy of their employees, many of whom "are professional white collar workers by day." (Pl.'s Mem. Law 12-13). The fact that Plaintiff has innocent explanations for the information that was known to Defendants, however, does not mean that they lacked probable cause; it merely means that she might have had viable arguments and defenses to the charges at trial. See, e.g., Ricciuti v. N.Y.C. Transit Auth., 124 F.3d 123, 128 (2d Cir. 1997) ("Once a police officer has a reasonable basis for believing there is probable cause, he is not required to explore and eliminate every theoretically plausible claim of innocence before making an arrest.").
Plaintiff's other arguments are similarly unpersuasive. First, she contends that any charges relating to the September 2005 bank document submitted for Web Access were time barred under New York law. (Pl.'s Mem Law 9 (citing N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law § 30.12(c))). That may be true, but Defendants were nevertheless entitled to consider the conduct in evaluating whether there was probable cause as to the other documents at issue. Cf., e.g., United States v. DeFiore, 720 F.2d 757, 764 (2d Cir. 1983) (holding that evidence establishing "intent, as well as the preparations and plans that went into the scheme to defraud" were admissible against the defendant under Rule 404(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence, "even though it antedate[d] the limitations period").
Finally, Plaintiff contends that it was not false to identify Web Access as a corporation and, conversely, that it was false of Sergeant Koch to suggest otherwise in the criminal complaint against her - because it was "still permitted to conduct business as a de facto corporation in New York State." (Pl.'s Mem. Law 7). It is true that, under New York law, "a company lacking formal corporate status but nonetheless operating as a corporation may be considered a de facto corporation and those who treat the entity as a corporation in regular business dealings may not later deny its corporate status." L-Tec Elecs. Corp. v. Cougar Elec. Org., Inc., 198 F.3d 85, 87 (2d Cir. 1999) (per curiam). But more recent authority than that on which Plaintiff relies in her memorandum of law indicates that the doctrine is inapplicable where, as here, a corporation was dissolved for failure to pay franchise taxes. See, e.g., Conte v. Cnty. of Nassau, No. 06-CV-4746 (JFB) (ETB), 2013 WL 3878738, at *24 n.36 (E.D.N.Y. July 26, 2013) (citing cases). Further, the doctrine applies only in the absence of fraud. See, e.g., Lodato v. Greyhawk N. Am., L.L.C., 807 N.Y.S.2d 818, 824 (N.Y. Sup.Ct. 2005) (citing cases). Regardless, the de facto corporation doctrine is a doctrine of estoppel; it does not follow that one who represents an entity as a valid corporation when it has actually been dissolved as matter of law is making a truthful statement. And it certainly does not follow that Sergeant Koch's statement in the criminal complaint that Web Access had been dissolved and no longer existed "was a false, misleading, and an incomplete description of the corporation." (Pl.'s Mem. Law 7).
In short, based on the undisputed evidence in the record, the Court finds that Defendants had probable cause to arrest Plaintiff for falsifying business records in the second degree.[6] As that is a complete defense to Plaintiff's claims of false arrest and false imprisonment, Defendants are entitled to summary judgment on those claims, and the Court need not reach the question of whether Defendants also had probable cause to arrest Plaintiff for promoting prostitution or money laundering. See, e.g., Jaegly, 439 F.3d at 152; Zellner, 494 F.3d at 369.
B. Malicious Prosecution and Malicious Abuse of Process
Next, Defendants challenge Plaintiffs claims for malicious prosecution and malicious abuse of process. (Defs.' Mem. Law 14-17, 21-22). To succeed on a claim of malicious prosecution, a plaintiff must demonstrate: "(1) the initiation of a proceeding, (2) its termination favorably to plaintiff, (3) lack of probable cause, and (4) malice." Savino, 331 F.3d at 75. The existence of probable cause as to one offense does not defeat a malicious-prosecution claim as to another offense. See, e.g., Posr v. Doherty, 944 F.2d 91, 100 (2d Cir. 1991) ("[W]here the issue is whether the officers had probable cause to commence proceedings against [Plaintiff], not with whether the charges were terminated in plaintiffs favor, [there is a] need to separately analyze the charges claimed to have been maliciously prosecuted."). A malicious-abuse-of-process claim, on the other hand, "lies against a defendant who (1) employs regularly issued legal process to compel performance or forbearance of some act (2) with intent to do harm without excuse of justification, and (3) in order to obtain a collateral objective that is outside the legitimate ends of the process." Cook v. Sheldon, 41 F.3d 73, 80 (2d Cir. 1994). Courts in this Circuit appear to be divided on whether the existence of probable cause defeats a claim for malicious abuse of process. Compare, e.g., Mangino v. Inc. Vill. of Patchogue, 814 F.Supp.2d 242, 248 (E.D.N.Y. 2011) ("[I]f plaintiff can demonstrate the elements of abuse of process... without relying on an inference from a lack of probable cause, then [a malicious-abuse-ofprocess] claim can survive even with probable cause."), with Widget v. Town of Poughkeepsie, No. 12 Civ. 3459 (ER), 2013 WL 1104273, at *13 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 18, 2013) (holding that probable cause is a defense not only to a malicious prosecution claim, but also to a malicious abuse of process claim).
In this case, both sets of claims fail for the same reason: Plaintiff has pointed to no admissible evidence whatsoever of malice or intent to do harm without excuse or justification. Plaintiff asserts that Defendants "willfully provided false information in the criminal court complaint." (Pl.'s Mem. 19).[7] But there is little or no evidence of falsity (as discussed above, most of the information that Plaintiff identifies as "false" depends on facts that were not known to Defendants at the time or alternative explanations that Defendants were not required to credit), and no evidence whatsoever of willfulness. Plaintiff does insist that the charges against her were brought solely to pressure her husband into pleading guilty because Defendants "had a very weak case against [him]" (Pl.'s Mem. 24); that her arrest was "politically motivated" because her arrests were "fodder for the conservative media" (Posner Aff. ¶ 96 (citing a post about Louis Posner written by Ann Coulter on her personal blog)); and that Defendants' goal was "to embarrass and humiliate plaintiff" (Pl.'s Mem. 24). Plaintiff, however, has no evidence to support any of those claims beyond her own speculation, which is insufficient to avoid summary judgment. See, e.g., D'Amico v. City of New York, 132 F.3d 145, 149 (2d Cir. 1998) ("The nonmoving party may not rely on mere conclusory allegations nor speculation, but instead must offer some hard evidence showing that its version of the events is not wholly fanciful.").[8] Plaintiff also claims that her prosecution was brought in retaliation for her husband's refusal to pay a bribe to members of the NYPD Vice Squad. (Pl.'s Mem. Law 24). But that claim is premised on inadmissible double hearsay - namely, an affidavit recounting Louis Posner's statement to the affiant that he had been advised by two members of the security staff about the alleged bribe attempt. (Aslan Decl. (Docket No. 47) ¶¶ 82-93, 97). Regardless, even if Louis Posner did refuse to pay a bribe, Plaintiff cites no evidence tying the prosecution of her to that refusal.
In sum, there is no admissible evidence to support Plaintiff's conclusory assertions that Defendants acted with malice and or intent to do harm without excuse or justification. Accordingly, her claims of malicious prosecution and malicious abuse of process fail as a matter of law and must be dismissed.
D. Failure To Intervene and Municipal Liability
Finally, Defendants seek dismissal of Plaintiff's failure-to-intervene and municipal liability claims. (Defs.' Mem. Law 20, 22-25). Because Defendants are entitled to summary judgment on Plaintiff's primary claims that they violated her constitutional rights, it follows that they are entitled to summary judgment on her failure-to-intervene and municipal liability claims as well. See, e.g., Matthews v. City of New York, 889 F.Supp.2d 418, 443-44 (E.D.N.Y. 2012) (noting that failure to intervene claims are "contingent upon the disposition of the primary claims underling the failure to intervene claim"); Harper v. City of New York, No. 10 Civ. 7856 (SAS), 2011 WL 3463156, at *8 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 5, 2011) ("Because plaintiff's Monell claim is contingent on the existence of an independent constitutional violation, and this Court has dismissed all of plaintiffs' claims for violations of their constitutional rights, the claims against the City cannot be sustained."). Furthermore, even if there were evidence to support Plaintiff's primary claims, she has adduced no evidence that the violation or violations of her constitutional rights resulted from a municipal policy, custom, or practice, as required to hold the City liable. See Monell v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 690-91 (1978). She does not, for example, "provide any expert testimony, training manuals, or individual evidence relating to an absence of training in [money laundering and prostitution]." Brown v. Cnty. of San Joaquin, No. CIV. 5-04-2008 FCD PAN, 2006 WL 1652407, 12 (E.D. Cal. June 13, 2006). Instead, she relies solely on the passing testimony of several Defendants that they did not receive specific training from the NYPD on the elements of money laundering or prostitution. (Hazan Decl. (Docket No. 45) ¶ 14; Hazan Decl., Exs. 9, 10, 11). But the evidence (including that same testimony) makes clear that there is some training on these issues. (Hazan Decl., Ex. 10, at 64; Hazan Decl. Ex. 11, at 35). Moreover, the testimony does not suffice to "create a triable issue of fact in regards to [a] Monell claim based upon a failure to train." Brown, 2006 WL 1652407, at * 12 (citing Ramirez v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 397 F.Supp.2d 1208, 1228 (C.D. Cal. 2005)).
For the reasons stated above, Defendants' motion for summary judgment is GRANTED, and the Complaint is dismissed in its entirety. The Clerk of Court is directed to close the case.
Our website includes the main text of the court's opinion but does not include the
docket number, case citation or footnotes. Upon purchase, docket numbers and/or
citations allow you to research a case further or to use a case in a legal proceeding.
Footnotes (if any) include details of the court's decision.
Official citation and/or docket number and footnotes (if any) for this case available with purchase.
Learn more about what you receive with purchase of this case.
LRC, Inc. About Us