text:
- Description
- View Full Specifications
Priced to sell!
- Year:
- 2005
- Length:
- 58'
- Engine/Fuel Type:
- Twin / diesel
- Located In:
- San Diego, CA
- Hull Material:
- Fiberglass
- 964-2982228
- Current Price:
HUGE PRICE REDUCTION. Owner is prepared to consider any reasonable offer He wants the boat sold BEFORE THE END OF THIS YEAR, SO MAKE IT A GREAT CHRISTMAS PRESENT FOR YOURSELF AND THE FAMILY.almost like new vessel features 3 staterooms, large galley, laundry area, water maker, AC/Heat, carpeting throughout, multiple assets for a comfortable and enjoyable cruise anywhere you want to go. The total ambiance of this boat will give its new owners and their guests many hours of enjoyment whether cruising the coast from Canada to Mexico and just enjoying the local waters and weekends at Catalina Island or San Diego. She is ready to go and waiting for you to "come aboard". Possible slip transfer at Shelter Island office of Crows Nest Yachts.
Last survey 10-17-2014
Paul Enghauser 949-606-3952-cell
Please contact Paul Enghauser at 949-606-3952
Additional Specs, Equipment and Information:
Boat Name
Bucket List
Builder: Johnson
Flag of Registry: United States
Hull Shape: Deep Vee
LOA: 58 ft 0 in
Beam: 16 ft 0 in
Maximum Draft: 5 ft 2 in
Displacement: 74000 lbs
Total Power: 1600 HP
Engine 1:
Engine Brand: Catepillar
Engine Model: 3406E
Engine Type: Inboard
Engine/Fuel Type: Diesel
Location: Port
Engine Hours: 350
Drive Type: Direct Drive
Engine Power: 800 HP
Engine 2:
Engine Brand: Catepillar
Engine Model: 3406E
Engine Type: Inboard
Engine/Fuel Type: Diesel
Location: Starboard
Engine Hours: 350
Drive Type: Direct Drive
Engine Power: 800 HP
Cruising Speed: 16 knots @ 2000 RPM
Maximum Speed: 22 knots
Fresh Water Tanks: 1 Stainless steel (200 Gallons)
Fuel Tanks: 1 Stainless steel (856 Gallons)
Holding Tanks: 1 Plastic (67 Gallons)
Number of single berths: 2
Number of twin berths: 1
Number of cabins: 4
Number of heads: 3
Plotter - Furuno Color Video Plotter GD-1700C
Wind speed and direction
Autopilot - Simrad AP20
Radar - Furuno Navnet 1943C-48mile
DVD player
TV set - Pop up Salon
Depthsounder - Raymarine
GPS - Furuno Navnet GP-320b GPS Receiver
Cockpit speakers
VHF - Icom M-602
Inside Equipment
Electric bilge pump
Air conditioning - Cruise Air, 72,000BTU-4zones including FB
Battery charger - (2) Dolphin 80amp 24v 115-230v --Protech1230 12v 30amp
Fresh water maker - Sea Recovery 600gpd
Refrigerator - Total of 3 Refrigerators to include Sub Zero (2) with freezer
Bow thruster - Sidepower 24V
Deep freezer
Washing machine - Washer/Dryer
Hot water - Torrid 20 gal
Microwave oven - GE Convection
Electric head
Electrical Equipment
Shore power inlet - 12vdc, 24vdc, 110vac
Inverter - Dolphin PF2412-20 24m/12v converter/inverter--HeartFreedom2500watt
Generator - 16kw Northern Lights
Electrical Circuit: 24V
Outside Equipment/Extras
Cockpit shower
Teak cockpit
Swimming ladder
Davits - Bower w remote
Cockpit cushions
Cockpit table - Oversize teak
Liferaft - 6 man
Tender - 14' Caribe w/50hp
Total Liferaft Capacity: 6
Electric windlass
Engines, Engine room
Engine room is accessed through door down stairway leading to the master stateroom and just inside the salon doors to your left. Engine room is well lighted with easy access to key components. Just inside the entrance on your immediate right and on the wall you will notice activation switches for your control stations on the helm as well as cockpit controllers.
Twin CAT--3406E--800hp each
Very low hours--350
As you board the vessel from the teak swim step and climb up to the Cal Deck from either side of the swim step and thru SS gates you will immediately be impressed with the well appointed Cal Deck with its teak flooring, large L shaped settee and cocktail table, BBQ and Refrigerator. In addition the large SS sliding glass door entrance to the salon and living quarters will enhance your feeling of something "special" with this boat..
As you enter through the doors you are immediately struck by the wonderful layout of the carpeted salon with its large settee on the right and the entertainment area on the left featuring a 42' flat screen TV which is mounted on a electric lift which allows for lowering the unit when not being used. Just to the right of the TV and hidden electronic panel you will notice the large wine chiller with enough racks to more than hold your finest "beverages". Just to the left as you enter the salon you will notice a curved stairway down which brings you Aft to the Master Stateroom featuring a full beam queen with full walk around ease. The suite has huge storage with a large cedar lined hanging closet and the head with shower is to be proud of
Moving forward and up a step you will enter the wide open galley and dinette area which features an expandable table and U shaped settee to the port side and opposite of the galley. The openness of this whole area really gives everyone on board the comfortable feel of freedom and spaciousness which adds to the relaxing atmosphere that all will enjoy.
Continuing forward and down a couple of steps you will pass on your immediate right another electrical panel behind smoked acrylic panels. Just a few steps further and you will find the laundry area featuring a stacked duo of washing machine and dryer. In addition you will find a THIRD refrigerator located behind wood paneled door. Opposite you will see the entrance to the guest stateroom featuring two twin beds. In addition you will find a very unique bath tub hidden on the left side bed. This can be a bath or you can use it for storage. Forward of this area is the well laid out VIP stateroom which features a centerline queen bed and features plenty of storage and features a cedar lined closet. You will also notice the well appointed head with shower
Note: All staterooms feature large ensuite head with shower.
The galley on this vessel sometimes you won't find on much larger vessels. She features a well planned U shape that allows the chef easy movement and preparation of the meals. The appliances include:
- Kenyon 3 burner flat stove top
- High/low coffee maker and toaster
- 2 under counter Sub Zero units, refrigerator and a freezer u-line icemaker
- SS sink, with smaller unit
- GE Microwave Convection oven behind a wooden cabinet door
- Granite countertop
- Overhead cabinets as well as under counter storage areas
Electronic package on this vessel is located on the FB with the main helm. Equipment includes:
- Furuno Navnet 1943C 48 mile radar
- Furuno Navet GP-320b GPS Reciever
- Furuno Color Video Plotter, GD-1700C
- Simrad AP-20
- Helm speed and depth
- Rudder indicator VCO
- Icom M-602 VHF
- Newmar Hailer
- 7 Station intercom
- HD Satelite TV-new antenna
- 16kw Northern Lights Generator
- T-800hp CAT 3406E Diesel with slow vessel switches
- Engine heaters
- Sea Recovery Water Maker 600 gpd
- Groco oil changing system
- Nibrel 4 blade props-bronze
- Racor filters(4)
- Par and Vane fuel transfer pumps
- 4 zone AC/Heat 72000 BTU Cruise Aire
- Buell Air Horn
- Side Power 24v bow thruster
Deck & Hull
Many features highlight the quality of this Johnson Motoryacht
- Non skid white deck
- SS rails
- SS Anchor 60lb Danforth with approx. 300' chain 3/8"
- Electric Windless
- Large teak swim platform
- Hardtop w/high grade enclosure
- Covered Cal Deck
- Cockpit controls(2)
- BBQ, Refrigerator on Cal Deck
- Fresh and Salt water wash downs
- 14' Caribe w/50hp located on Boat Deck
- Bower davit 800lb w/remote
- 6 person life raft located on boat deck
- Eperb
- Stern flood lights(2)
- Teak decking Cal Deck
- New Bottom paint January 2015
- Hard Top w/acrylic enclosure 3 sided
- Sun shade adjustable 3 sides on Cal Deck
- 16kw Northern Lights Generator
- Nine 12v sealed 4D batteries
- Dolphin 80 amp 24V 115-230V Battery Charger
- Protech-4 12V Battery Charger
- Dolphin PF 2412-20, 24V/12V Converter/Inverter
- Heart Interphase Freedom 2500 watt w/link 2000 control panel
- 50amp shore power cord-50'
- Cable master
The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.
Other Boats from Crow's Nest Yachts
Heesen Yachts
Huntington Beach, CA, United States
Newport Beach, CA, United States
Viking Sportcruiser
Newport Beach, CA, United States
Sea Ray
500 Sundancer
Newport Beach, CA, United States
4000 Express
Dana Point, CA, United States
Newport Beach, CA, United States


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Illinois Public Media News
In-depth reporting from WILL, NPR, the Associated Press, and other sources
Contact WILL News at email@example.com
(J. Scott Applewhite/AP)
May 14, 2013
(Amy Isackson for NPR)
May 14, 2013
Living on the Border, Driven — Literally — Underground
(J. Scott Applewhite/AP)
May 13, 2013
Supreme Court Rules For Monsanto In Case Against Farmer
Page 594 of 1088 pages ‹ First < 592 593 594 595 596 > Last ›
WILL Newscast audio
NPR News
Death Toll In Oakland Fire Rises To 24 As Searchers Comb Through Wreckage
Cuban Military Fires 21-Gun Salute As Fidel Castro Laid To Rest In Private Ceremony
Jill Stein Campaign Plans To Take Pennsylvania Recount Effort To Federal Court
At Least 9 Killed In Oakland Fire At Warehouse Party; Death Toll Expected To Rise
Former NPR Foreign Correspondent Alan Tomlinson Dies At 69
Pedophilia Scandal Sends Shock Waves Through U.K. Soccer
Prosecutors Agree To Drop Assault Charges Against Former Cleveland QB Johnny Manziel
The Electric Blue Polar Cloud Season Came Early This Year
Andrew Sachs, Who Played Beloved Waiter Manuel On 'Fawlty Towers,' Dies
Jury In S.C. Police Shooting Trial Says It Is Struggling To Reach Verdict
More NPR News
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Barns: An Illinois Story
Part documentary, part regional storytelling, and part love letter to the iconic structures dotting our landscape.
A short film series examining the severe underrepresentation of African-Americans in the sciences.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Odoo Help
This community is for beginners and experts willing to share their Odoo knowledge. It's not a forum to discuss ideas, but a knowledge base of questions and their answers.
Multiple formats on the same pdf report
We use qweb-pdf system for our report as invoice, quote.
We have a lot information to display on the invoices and we use tables so for some pages, the "landscape" orientation is better than the "portrait orientation".
I search on the forum without success.
How can we proceed to generate in a same report some page with portrait orientation and some other page in landscape orientation?
Thank you for your help.
Martin G.
Your Answer
Please try to give a substantial answer. If you wanted to comment on the question or answer, just use the commenting tool. Please remember that you can always revise your answers - no need to answer the same question twice. Also, please don't forget to vote - it really helps to select the best questions and answers!
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|Asked: 11/7/15, 12:15 PM
|Seen: 396 times
|Last updated: 11/7/15, 12:15 PM


text:
Fifth Third Bancorp (FITB) Receives $20.85 Average Target Price from Analysts
Shares of Fifth Third Bancorp (NASDAQ:FITB) have received a consensus recommendation of "Hold" from the thirty-three brokerages that are covering the stock. Two investment analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, twenty-one have issued a hold rating and nine have issued a buy rating on the company. The average 1 year price target among analysts that have issued ratings on the stock in the last year is $20.85.
Several brokerages have weighed in on FITB. Jefferies Group reissued a "buy" rating and issued a $19.50 price target on shares of Fifth Third Bancorp in a report on Thursday, July 7th. Credit Agricole SA raised their price target on Fifth Third Bancorp from $19.00 to $23.00 and gave the stock an "outperform" rating in a report on Friday, September 23rd. Nomura reissued a "hold" rating on shares of Fifth Third Bancorp in a report on Saturday, July 9th. Rafferty Capital Markets raised Fifth Third Bancorp from a "hold" rating to a "buy" rating and set a $24.00 price target for the company in a report on Friday, September 16th. Finally, BMO Capital Markets reissued a "market perform" rating and issued a $19.00 price target (down previously from $20.00) on shares of Fifth Third Bancorp in a report on Wednesday, July 6th.
A number of hedge funds have recently made changes to their positions in FITB. Global X Management Co. LLC increased its stake in shares of Fifth Third Bancorp by 117.7% in the second quarter. Global X Management Co. LLC now owns 6,234 shares of the financial services provider's stock valued at $110,000 after buying an additional 3,371 shares during the period. Acrospire Investment Management LLC bought a new position in Fifth Third Bancorp during the first quarter worth $112,000. Advisory Services Network LLC increased its position in Fifth Third Bancorp by 153.2% in the second quarter. Advisory Services Network LLC now owns 6,375 shares of the financial services provider's stock worth $112,000 after buying an additional 3,857 shares during the period. Duncker Streett & Co. Inc. increased its position in Fifth Third Bancorp by 0.3% in the second quarter. Duncker Streett & Co. Inc. now owns 6,419 shares of the financial services provider's stock worth $113,000 after buying an additional 20 shares during the period. Finally, Atria Investments LLC bought a new position in Fifth Third Bancorp during the second quarter worth $179,000. 79.73% of the stock is currently owned by institutional investors.
Shares of Fifth Third Bancorp (NASDAQ:FITB) opened at 19.74 on Tuesday. Fifth Third Bancorp has a 12-month low of $13.84 and a 12-month high of $21.14. The stock has a market capitalization of $15.13 billion, a price-to-earnings ratio of 9.62 and a beta of 1.33. The company has a 50-day moving average of $20.33 and a 200 day moving average of $18.69.
Fifth Third Bancorp (NASDAQ:FITB) last issued its quarterly earnings results on Thursday, July 28th. The financial services provider reported $0.41 earnings per share for the quarter, topping the consensus estimate of $0.38 by $0.03. Fifth Third Bancorp had a return on equity of 9.25% and a net margin of 23.36%. During the same period in the prior year, the firm earned $0.36 earnings per share. Analysts predict that Fifth Third Bancorp will post $1.60 earnings per share for the current year.
The company also recently announced a quarterly dividend, which will be paid on Monday, October 17th. Shareholders of record on Friday, September 30th will be paid a dividend of $0.13 per share. This represents a $0.52 annualized dividend and a yield of 2.63%. The ex-dividend date of this dividend is Wednesday, September 28th. Fifth Third Bancorp's dividend payout ratio (DPR) is currently 25.49%.
Fifth Third Bancorp Company Profile
Fifth Third Bancorp is a bank holding company and a financial holding company. The Company conducts its principal lending, deposit gathering, transaction processing and service advisory activities through its banking and non-banking subsidiaries from banking centers located throughout the Midwestern and Southeastern regions of the United States.
Receive News & Stock Ratings for Fifth Third Bancorp Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for Fifth Third Bancorp and related stocks with our FREE daily email newsletter.


text:
Product Description
It looks like a previous owner has painted this one Foam Green, EC-
We are excited to welcome Coalition Drum Shop into our building! We are excited to be able to offer a one-stop location for Guitar Players and Drummers alike! Due to… READ MORE
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We are excited to be hosting a New for 2016 Taylor Find your Fit event! Stop down to be one of the first to experience what is new from Taylor… READ MORE


text:
Explaining how to develop a patient-centered medical tourism program, the Handbook of Medical Tourism Development is the ideal guide for any hospital, clinic, hotel, spa, or ancillary facility wishing to become a medical tourism provider. From high-cost surgery, transplants, diagnostics, and preventive wellness checkups, to medical and wellness spa retreats, patient follow up, and outcomes measurement, this book covers the gamut of related issues. Details the elements necessary for a successful system Addresses contracting issues likely to arise Includes access to additional resources on the bookas website Maria K. Todd prepares readers to build the medical tourism service line, integrate physicians and other service providers, develop a safe and effective quality and patient-centered infrastructure, document processes and workflows, determine pricing, evaluate reimbursement contracts, and measure outcomes. She offers useful nuts-and-bolts guidance on confidentiality, documentation, quality and safety, hospital accreditation schemes, revenue implications, and contracting. Sharing time-tested insights, the book will help readers avoid common pitfalls when working with U.S. and international health insurance companies, case managers, professional facilitators, and multinational employers. Read a recent press release about the Handbook of Medical Tourism Program Development: http://www.prlog.org/11757451-medical-tourism-expert-breaks-down-step-by-step-medical-tourism-program-development-for-providers.htmlTherea#39;s very little customer delight in medical tourism, and the index is likely very low in healthcare service delivery overall. ... The results are most problematic for online interactions;* only 16% of respondents regularly delight customers using online customer service. ... June 2010 doi May 13, 2011, http:// www.rightnow. com/pdf/Current-State-Of-Customer-Experience.pdf consulting firms published in anbsp;...
|Handbook of Medical Tourism Program Development
|Maria K. Todd
|CRC Press - 2011-12-08


text:
Online Class
Magical Jelly Roll Quilts
with Kimberly Einmo
What are you most proud of? I am proud that I am working on more complex and advanced pieces. I have come a long way from just quilting with squares. I have become more adventurous. What advice would you give someone starting this project? Organize your pieces and work on one square at a time to see the big picture.


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Explore War In Vietnam, Vietnam War My and more!
Recon platoon soldiers with the 9th Inf. Div. take a rest.
June 5, 1967, Con Thien, South Vietnam - American soldiers of the 9th Marines removing dead soldiers after engagement with the enemy. Image by © Bettmann/CORBIS
03 Apr 1968, Ca Lu, South Vietnam --- US soldiers from the 1st Cavalry rest on trucks in a convoy before Operation Pegasus, an attempt to clear the east-west route to Khe Sanh during the Vietnam War. --- Image by © Bettmann/CORBIS
A dying soldier clutching to a priest after being hit by sniper fire. Whether you're religious or not, this soldier was given comfort in this last moments by an extraordinary brave man.
Soldiers sacrifice their mental health at war. Seeing all of the gruesome gore, witnessing mass deaths and being involved in stressful situations often leaves a soldier with post-traumatic stress disorder. When a soldier returns home they often cannot go back to their lives like everything is perfectly fine. They have to alter their life because of the war. War can cause men to suffer.
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Nurses on war planes.
An American soldier demonstrating the XM-2 Personnel Detector, a "people sniffer" used to find enemy soldiers in hidden positions by detecting the chemical traces of urine and sweat during the Vietnam War, 1967.


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You may find same course in following Locations:
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Softinterface Privacy Policy
We respect the privacy of our visitors. We are gravely concerned about practices which violate the basic rights of choice and confidentiality.
Here is our covenant with those readers who trust us with their personal information.
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Posted by mecha2nd April 17, 2013
Posted in Character, DAZ | Poser | Carrara
Nishta is a beautiful and exotic beauty for Victoria 4 and Genesis. Featuring a custom head for Victoria 4 and custom head and body for Genesis to allow for shape mixing, she is optimized for use in both DAZ Studio 4 and Poser. Textures were designed on Victoria 4 and then adjusted where possible on Genesis for a better fit to allow for maximum quality on either platform. Let this exotic beauty accentuate your renders.


text:
Triangles and Rectangles
Pentagons and Hexagons
Triangles and Rectangles
Pentagons and Hexagons
Y1 Maths 12/10/16
Half and Quarter
Triangles and Rectangles
Pentagons and Hexagons
Shape Song http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/the-2d-shape-song/3121.html
Shape Curtain http://www.iboard.co.uk/activity/242
Circles and Triangles
Shape Sorter http://www.iboard.co.uk/iwb/Shape-Sorting-Game-698
Shape Pictures http://www.iboard.co.uk/iwb/Positioning-Shapes-655
Hexagons and Pentagons
Shape labels http://www.iboard.co.uk/iwb/Shape-Labels-702
Guess the Shape http://www.iboard.co.uk/activity/605
Hexagons and Pentagons
|Find numbers on the 100 square
Order numbers on the caterpillar
Rectangles, Triangles, Circles
|Listen to the number and post the letter in the right door
We watched Charly and the chocolate facty the musical in London.
Then we went to my Nanny and Grandad's house and we had a EASTER EGG hunt! In their back garden .
We Made candles with my anty Lucy.
We also went to Newquay.
We walked 24 miles in Newquay over 3 days, the beaches were beautiful.
Triangles and Rectangles
Pentagons and Hexagons
Triangles and Rectangles
Pentagons and Hexagons
Hi everyone,
We will be exploring websites and finding out about Plants and Animals. Click on the links below
Sparky the Alien 1 http://www.firstschoolyears.com/science/living/interactive/growing-plants.swf
Sparky the alien 2 http://www.firstschoolyears.com/science/living/interactive/growing-plants2.swf
Plant or Animal ? http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/Activity.aspx?siteId=13§ionId=54&contentId=173
Animal groups http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/6_7/variation_fs.shtml
Have fun playing the games!
Me, my cousin and Ben watched Horrid Henry the movie. My family came around on Easter Sunday. We looked at old photos of my mummy and Uncle David and we got to stay up late. We did an Easter Egg hunt which was lots of fun. I had to go to A&E because I put a lego bead up my nose.
Hi Everyone!
I hope you are having a lovely Easter break. Can you write some sentences to tell me about any Easter eggs or gifts that you have received, you could also write about what you have been up to over the holidays.
Yes, I do have a dog he is called Clyde.He is very silly,cute and the best. I help my mum to take care of my dog and I take him for long walks with my caring friend, Jodie. She take's her dog as well, my dog and her's love's each other. If any one else has a dog what is it called?
My rabbit is called pepper.
He eats fresh vegetabels.
He lives in a massive hutch.
He also has a big run to go in on the grass.
He is three years old.
I have a dog called Travis and a cat called Missy. I give woter and food to them both. I sumtims take Travis for a wawk with mummy or daddy in the forist near our house. Missy is alwase sleeping on my bed.
My Grandad has a dog called Barney. When I stay at Grandads house, I take him for a walk. Barney likes to snif things when he goes out. I give him water to drink. I also feed him dog food.
Can you tell us if you have any pets at home and what you do to help take care of them? Write 4 or 5 sentences, remember capital letters and full stops.
I got a leepfrog tablet and a ski scooter. I went to grandmas for Christmas dinner. On Christmas Eve we had a party for my daddys 40 birthday. I had lots of fun with my famli, I love Christmas.
We went to get a Christmas tree and it was big.
For christmas i got Elsa karaoke Elsa was a bit little but Elsa sings.
For Christmas dinner I went to my freinds house Louis and James.
On Christmas Day we played pie face.
On Christmas day my TOOTH fell out.
I loved Christmas. I got lots of presnts from Farvur Christmas. We had a brillint parti, with my famili. Uncul Steven came from ludurnn. we went to a big swimming pool with Elliott.
I went to Gulliver world to see Santa.. I went on a ride I was brave but mummy
was scared. I got a blue computer for Christmas .We had a elf on the shelf to keep over Christmas except Christmas eve. I got a yellow telescope for Christmas.
My Christmas was perfect and lots of fun. I njoyed spending time with my famile, espeslee on Christmas day and at Ribby Hall were we had breakfast with Santa. I got a dog called Andy who poos a bone out but it did not work. I also got some Playmobil. I eat lots of nice food, like turkey and trifl.
I went to wotch The BFG at The Octagon with mummy. I got a new violin for Christmas. I also got some books and games. My aunty Kirsty had a baby girl. I went ice skating with mummy.
Hi Everyone
I hope you have had a fantastic Christmas break. Can you tell me in 5 sentences about what you have been up to? It could be visiting family, going on days out or describing your Christmas presents. Remember to use capital letters, spaces and full stops.
See you on Tuesday!
Thank you to everyone who made (and helped to make) a paper aeroplane, we had a great competition this afternoon in the hall!We had some amazing entries inspired by the film we went to watch last week. Well done to everyone who took part!
The final winners were Daisy and Lewis.
The fiewurcse were scurey and loud. They were difrunt colurs, shapes and byueteeful. There were so many they kept me awake. I had marshmalos which were delicious. I wrot my name with sparklers at my nannas house and next year I am going to a bonfire.
I liked watching the fireworks. My favrits were the rockets bicos they zoomed up high into the sky. We had sparklers and rote our names with them. I really injoyed bonfire night!
Choose which one you wish to play. Have fun!
We lit some fireworks in our back garden. They were loud.
We lit sparklers.They were bright.
It smelt like fire.
I ate marshmallows, they taste nice and feel squidgy.
Lots of people have been watching fireworks this week and going to bonfires.
Can you leave a comment and tell me all about your bonfire night? Did you see fireworks? What were they like? Can you describe it using your 5 senses. Did you eat some tasty bonfire treats? I have been eating lots of treacle toffee! mmmm
I can see some ducks. They are walking to the pond. I can see lots of house is. I can see some flowers on the worl. There is a blue car.
The boy is feeding five ducks.
The Milkman is bringing milk.
A girl is walking a dog.
I can see a church.
There is a blue car.
There is a little boy feeding the ducks,
The little girl is holding her mummys hand.
The lady is walking her dog,
There is a blue car,
The milkman is bringing the milk.
the ducks are walking to the stream.
the milkman is delivering milk.
there are lots of trees.
A lady is walking her dog.
there is a red post box.
The duks r on the ground, that howse is a shop, the car is bloo, the sci is bloo, the treez r green
i can see a blue car. A boy playing with the ducks. They all look very happy. Milkman bringing milk to the shop. Ther is a red telefone box.
The there is a blue car . There is a lady and she is working out little house.there is a yellow house and it has little window.there is a little girl and she is walking with the mum.in the yellow house there is a man cleaning.
I think they are happy. Ther are five gees. Ther is a bloow car. It is a sueen day. A man is dlivring milc.
Hi Year 1. This is your first 5 sentence challenge. Look carefully at the picture and try and write 5 sentences about what you can see. What are the people doing, how do you think they feel and why?
Click on the comment button below, enter only your first name, make up an email address like firstname.lastname@example.com.
This is the Year 1 blog. Scroll down to look at what last year's children have done, there are links to mathletics and other games on the right hand side.
i can see some watermelan wich is juicy. I can see a picnick blancick on some grass.There are lots of dlishesh cakes on some plates. The chicin drum sticks have bin cooked on a barbq. Picnicks are realy fun when it is sunny.
I am gowing to take some fericakes and a hotdog and a fruet shout,sosgis,ice cream,juss strawberries,a apple,paneapple,stwties,pizza
I would go for a fun picnic at the zoo and feed the animals . I would take biscuits and sandwiches with me. It would be lots of fun sharing my food with the ostrich. I would take my sister Ella with me to share my picnic. I hope it will be very sunny so i can see the all animals.


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Tuesday, March 17, 2009
On the fate of SQLitePersistentObjects…
That leaves me with a bit of a conundrum. SQLitePersistentObjects has taken on a bit of a life of its own. It's being used in a number of production applications, and in several more that are under development. There is a fairly large team of people contributing to the project. And, frankly, there are aspects of SQLPO that I like better than Core Data. But, I make no bones about it: Core Data is better. It's been around longer, been tested more, and has been worked on by some really, really smart people at Apple. I would put money on it being faster than SQLPO in most scenarios. I think SQLPO scores points on development time, at least for simpler projects, but not by much - not by enough.
So, I'm giving very serious thought to discontinuing my own work on SQLitePersistentObjects. I very much like it and, in some ways, like it better than Core Data. But, SQLPO was written to fulfill a need, and that need has just been filled by Apple. I'm just not sure it's worth my time to continue active development on SQLPO. Time is a finite commodity, and one of which I rarely have enough. This is not a decision I've made lightly. I'm really quite proud of SQLitePersistentObjects and think it has a lot of potential. But, there's only one of me.
If there's anyone who's interested in continuing development on SQLPO, by all means, let me know. I'll make you owner of the project over on Google Code and will stay on the dev team to answer questions and do some bug fixing. Otherwise, for the foreseeable future, my work on SQLPO is going to be limited to bugs that are impacting products I've already developed with it.
On a different, but related note: I'm installing the iPhone 3.0 SDK on my machine as we speak. However, since this is a pre-release SDK, that means were back to being under NDA, so I won't be doing any posts on 3.0 functionality until the summertime when the 3.0 OS gets released to the general public.
9 comments:
- nst021 said...
Thank you very much for your work on SQPO. I also think you can now spend your precious time on new projects.
- March 17, 2009 at 5:58 PM
- PJ Cabrera said...
I'm using SQLPO for two of my apps currently in development, and probably for the foreseeable future since I don't know Core Data yet. :-)
I wish I could take over project ownership, but your knowledge of Obj-C supersedes mine, Master YodaMarche.
- March 17, 2009 at 6:17 PM
- Steilpass said...
Hey Jeff. Thanks a lot for your work on SQLPO.
I understand your reasons for discontinuing. Keep in mind that your work wasn't useless. It saved me a lot of time and I will soon ship my first version. Thanks to SQLPO.
- March 18, 2009 at 1:49 AM
- anonymouse said...
SQLPO still has use for 2.x apps which I think will be around (on iPods) for the forseeable future.
That said, we're currently considering what to do about those iPod owners and I suspect we'll go the 3.0 only route with CoreData.
- March 18, 2009 at 2:07 AM
- Jeff LaMarche said...
I'm not going to kill the project, I'm just not doing any new development on it. I have projects myself that use it, and I'm not going to convert those to Core Data.
But I can't justify spending time on a technology that won't be needed going forward.
- March 18, 2009 at 6:59 AM
- anonymouse said...
> But I can't justify spending time on a technology that won't be needed going forward.
I think that's a fair view.
- March 18, 2009 at 7:08 AM
- Vlasic, Specht said...
First, thank you Jeff for creating this library, it has helped me get into iPhone programming. I hope you have learned and profited from both the architectural and developmental experience this project provided.
I don't think this is a calamitous as it sounds. The SQLPO code is reasonably robust as it is. It has an escape hatch to write complex SQL queries against the tables. I think you can stick with SQLPO until probably late summer when a significant numberof the 3G community will have switched over. The first gen iPhone community, because there will be a switching fee, may not move at all quickly. There is a place for SQLPO for probably a full year to come.
That said, Jeff is right. We should all plan to move to Core Data. But we get to choose when. If SQLPO is good enough for us now, it will be good enough later.
- March 18, 2009 at 10:16 AM
- Edwin said...
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- August 25, 2010 at 2:52 PM
- h4ns said...
What youre saying is completely true. I know that everybody must say the same thing, but I just think that you put it in a way that everyone can understand. I also love the images you put in here. They fit so well with what youre trying to say. Im sure youll reach so many people with what youve got to say.
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- January 30, 2011 at 1:16 AM


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The World's Greatest Music
Celebrating its 20th anniversary between 19 July and 4 August, the Verbier Festival is one of the highlights of the European musical calendar. We couldn't resist sending Anne-Marie Minhall, armed with a camera, to investigate what makes the event and the location so special.
Picture 6 of 15
A long day of rehearsals ahead for the orchestra, conducted by none other than Valery Gergiev. He's conducting a special opera gala celebrating the anniversaries of Verdi and Wagner this year.
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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $3.25 (23% off)
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Works for Jock Itch!
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Weleda Baby Diaper care
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It is important to note that this is the *old formula* that Weleda still sells; it is excellent! The new formula is different, despite what the company may say. For other reviews check my page :)
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This works fine, but I wouldn't say it's any more effective than most other diaper rash ointments. The smell is pleasant and the ingredients natural. It's kind of a luxury diaper rash product.
Great procuct!
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The best cream I used for the best child
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Teams needed for the Oct 12th-13th Non-Sanctioned Cabela's Contest in Scarborough, ME!!!
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is Blowin Smoke!
Join Date: 06-23-07
Location: North Berwick, ME
Teams needed for the Oct 12th-13th Non-Sanctioned Cabela's Contest in Scarborough, ME!!!
For those looking to try their hand at competition 'que, this is a great oppurtunity! The contest is sponsored by Cabela's and a few other sponsors, and it is no cost to contestants other than sauces/rubs and the gas to get there!!!
That's right, no entry fee, and all meat and charcoal will be provided for the teams. The meat is being supplied by The Meat House, and the charcoal is being supplied by Wicked Good, both are top shelf quality companies if you know what I mean!!!
The contest will begin Friday afternoon/evening the 12th, and judging will take place on Sat, the 13th. Judging times are to be announced at the cooks meeting on Friday.
Keep in mind that this is open to all teams, no matter what their experience level. This is not an amatuer only contest!!! Last contest, teams that have many 1st place trophies were there. So this is by no means off limits to the big boys...but don't let that scare you!!!
There is a decent pay out if they keep the pay out standard that they've used for the last couple of contests. $300 for 1st place finish, $200 for 2nd and $100 for 3rd. I believe that GC received $500 and RGC received $400 last contest.
Contact me for more details or questions if interested.
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Which Joe gave his name to 'sloppy joes'? We look at five interesting sandwiches and their lexical origins.
1Feeling or showing pleasure or contentment:'Melissa came in looking happy and excited'[with clause] 'we're just happy that he's still alive'[with infinitive] 'they are happy to see me doing well'
contented, content, cheerful, cheery, merry, joyful, jovial, jolly, joking, jocular, gleeful, carefree, untroubled, delighted, smiling, beaming, grinning, glowing, satisfied, gratified, buoyant, radiant, sunny, blithe, joyous, beatific, blessedView synonyms
- 'The point is I know two depressed people and I'm finding their intrusions into my happy and contented life to be a bit annoying.'
- 'A man of the land, he was happy and content in the peace and quiet of this lovely and historic part of County Roscommon.'
- 'If my observation serves me right, old folks are generally happy and contented with the way they spend their free time.'
- 'Now is the time to scrap the Trust and get back to clean wards, happy contented staff, striving for high standards and just rewards.'
- 'The feel of the warm moist soil around my roots as they got stronger and ever deeper into the ground made me feel happy and contented.'
- 'I feel very happy and content to be at home in the warm, listening to good music and doing nothing much.'
- 'He loved the gardening and spent many happy and very contented hours tending to the flowers and the shrubs and the trees.'
- 'Delia enjoyed good health up to the last and was always happy and content out and about on the land and taking care of the family home.'
- 'Our son has been attending the Créche for nearly five months and so far he is very happy and content, as indeed we are.'
- 'She takes with her the good wishes of the community and she is wished a happy and contented retirement in Derrymore.'
- 'The world is chockful of people who have lived happy, contented lives and who have made a deep impact on the arts.'
- 'It will be a clear message from Islamabad that it is not happy over the content of talks.'
- 'Having disposed of his family farm he acquired a new home at Lissard where he and his wife were contented and happy.'
- 'His father, Phillip, paid him a visit to see how his new life was suiting him and was content that Paul seemed happy.'
- 'Many of those families who are in relief camps today were people like us leading happy and contented lives.'
- 'Surely you can't have more than one quiet, smiling, happy and contented day in a row?'
- 'It cannot possibly be your fault, in fact, in may be because of you she had a happy and content life.'
- 'He left the pub happy, full and content in the knowledge that the pub staff had done their best for him.'
- 'I realised that I am actually fairly happy and contented with my life.'
- 'I can have a quiet beer and look out over an (again hopefully) happy throng and feel content.'
- 1.1happy about Having a sense of trust and confidence in (a person, arrangement, or situation):'he was not happy about the proposals'
- 'In an interview with the STAR on Monday Joseph said there was not much to be happy about.'
- 'He is less happy about the expense of arranging international tours for his company.'
- 'I'm just not happy about having to compete with anyone else for her attention.'
- 'Each of the companies has been informed of this and is happy about it.'
- 'Well, I have made a lot of new friends thanks to this blog and I feel happy about it.'
- 'The reasons they've given are pathetic and even their own fans who I've heard from are not happy about it.'
- 'He is most happy about the gradual transformation in the personality of the children.'
- 'I am not very happy about having stuff that has been flown in from abroad.'
- 'By the way, in case anyone is wondering, I am not happy about the Tory taking the seat.'
- 'One thing is for certain - if this lady blows her top, many will not be happy about it.'
- 'I think that, at the time, villagers were not too happy about it being built.'
- 'Now, she is happy about her decision and gives credit to her husband for this changeover.'
- 'The fish seemed pretty happy about this, unaware of the health risks it entails for them.'
- 'She was so happy about it, so in my mind that is my final gift to her.'
- 'He is happy about the arrangement and believes it will help him adjust to life in the community.'
- 'Pitch doesn't look very happy about the situation, but he doesn't push Milon aside to get to me.'
- 'I was not at all happy about the way they waved their batons at anyone who even looked at them funny.'
- 'The person who has or who shows such inclination in his or her youth should be proud and happy about it.'
- 'I can't imagine the drivers being too happy about the possibility of further regulation.'
- 'The boys at this table weren't happy about talking to someone from the Peak either.'
- 1.2happy with Satisfied with the quality or standard of:'I'm happy ith his performance'
- 'If we win it on Sunday it will have been a good season for me but if we lose it then I'm not going to be happy with the season.'
- 'I then often do about three sketches for each character before I am happy with a final one.'
- 'He has been working at eight other cancer shops in the South West and said he was happy with the results.'
- 'I am not overly happy with this recipe, next time I am going to try a different one.'
- 'Surely to God they have a right to a release date and in a format they are happy with.'
- 'Though in one case a crew was advising a cox that they were not happy with his performance.'
- 'Are you happy with the quality of the policy file that you have seen from Operation Helios?'
- 'Are you happy with the role of these representative groups in the diversity programme?'
- 'I wasn't too happy with them so I hid them in a paper bag and pushed them to the back side of the picnic table.'
- 'We would have been happy with a phasing-in of freedom of contract over three or four years.'
- 'The only Millwall people happy with a goalless draw yesterday were the club stewards.'
- 'I have been happy with my performance and to be fair the crowd have been good with me.'
- 'If you're happy with the way things are going, don't be afraid to let your feelings be known.'
- 'I am very happy with the school and I feel the vitriolic tone of the writing needs comment.'
- 'I cannot be happy with my performance because the team as a whole hasn't had results.'
- 'Naturally, you return the first one to the shop and tell them that you're just not happy with it.'
- 'Tiago struggled to get heat into his tyres; so he is not very happy with his performance.'
- 'So I am not happy with the size of the squad, but I am certainly happy with the quality of it.'
- 'It will definitely take a lot more tweaking to get me completely happy with it.'
- 'He'll be driving through the gates at The Belfry a man happy with his lot and his position in the game.'
- 1.3[with infinitive] Willing to do something:'we will be happy to advise you'
willing, glad, ready, pleased, delighted, contentedView synonyms
- 'If you are happy to do that, I am more than happy to advise you on every stage through to the finished rig.'
- 'Local Citizens' Advice Bureaux will also be more than happy to advise and help fill in any paperwork at no cost.'
- 'Firstly, any member on this side of the House would be happy to advise you who made the interjection.'
- 'She is very modest about her meteoric success, is not daunted by it and is happy to enjoy the game.'
- 'Mayo Cat Rescue is happy to advise people on many aspects of cat care, so please phone us for help should you need it.'
- 'Many people said they trusted their adviser and would be happy to recommend him or her to a friend.'
- 'As a reviewer, sometimes I'm perfectly happy to receive a game well after it's been released.'
- 'United Future is always pleased and happy to support sensible legislation.'
- 'Every time a major tournament comes round we seem quite happy to plod through games and play it safe.'
- 'After netting nine goals in the previous four games, Hoyle was happy to play a supporting role against Gabriels.'
- 'We are also happy to advise on any other funds that you may wish to discuss.'
- 'He had a natural affinity with the land and was always glad and happy to help his neighbours.'
- 'I am happy to play the game as long as I am entitled to win some points occasionally.'
- 'We are more than happy to advise residents of how not to cause a nuisance to their neighbours.'
- 'If the blanket fails, trading standards staff will be happy to dispose of them.'
- 'For all of the first half, France appeared happy to play the game on Ireland's terms.'
- 'A game she'd be happy to continue if only it could be light and daring, an adventure of secret intrigue and romance.'
- 'Mr Walker said he would be happy to advise anybody about the way Ryesport was set up and the benefits it brought.'
- 'So long as advisers are happy to provide good quality financial advice for a fair and open fee, they should have nothing to fear.'
- 'Connolly was happy to reveal his game plan, the old footy channel told us.'
- 1.4[attributive] Used in greetings:'happy Christmas'
- 'I quickly ran to him and wished him happy birthday and he in return hugged me and told me to sit in the blanket because I was very cold.'
- 'A very happy 18th birthday is wished to Amanda Dowd from her family and friends.'
- 'Well, today is Dr. D's fortieth birthday, so you all should drop by his site and wish him a happy birthday.'
- 'A very happy birthday to them both from all their friends in Rostrevor.'
- 'Mr. King, the Dallas Cowboy cheerleaders are here to wish you a very happy birthday.'
- 'I recorded a short video message on the new camera saying happy birthday to my grandmother who is 100 years old tomorrow.'
- 'Declan is the principal of Mount Sion Primary School and his family and friends wish him a belated happy birthday.'
- 'Are you really serving the government when Willard Scott is wishing you happy birthday?'
- 'Finally seasons greetings and a happy New Year to all who have supported this work.'
- 'First of all, happy birthday to Big John, who is our techie here at work.'
- 'What I got was a much less happy greeting and it didn't sound like female at all.'
- 'Michelle squealed a happy greeting and rushed forward to enfold him in a hug.'
- 'We hope Joe Rocks a Newtown man now living in Creggan had a recent happy birthday.'
- 'A happy birthday is wished to Kieran Dunne from his many friends.'
- 'Ted just turned a big milestone, as you know, and I wished him happy birthday by videotape.'
- 'Saying her last happy greeting, Faith began making her escape through the door.'
- 'A popular employee of Bausch and Lomb, all her family and friends wish Jennifer a very happy birthday.'
- 'Also happy birthday and best wishes to Mena who was 50 years old last week.'
- 'It wouldn't be right if I didn't wish happy birthday to somebody, now would it?'
- 'It's some dead queen's birthday and what better way to wish someone a happy birthday than to bounce the weekend away?'
2[attributive] Fortunate and convenient:'he had the happy knack of making people like him'
fortunate, lucky, favourable, advantageous, opportune, timely, well-timed, convenient, propitious, felicitous, auspicious, beneficial, helpfulView synonyms
- 'McDowell has the happy knack of convincing us that all he wants to do with his life is to serve the people.'
- 'The range in the city is broader than in most places, and the locals seem to have a happy knack with fish dishes particularly.'
- 'She has the happy knack of making the most mundane report appear interesting.'
- 'The Sharks coach is in the happy situation of having a clean injury slate for his teams most important match of the season so far.'
- 'Munster have the happy knack of bouncing back, of taking defeat and building on it.'
- 'I thus have been inclined to write off the success of my prediction as just a happy accident.'
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- 'Both these teams have discovered the happy knack of surprising their critics.'
- 'Call it a happy knack of being in the right place at the right time.'
- 'The league has the happy knack of throwing them up so this is as a good a match as any to opt for one.'
- 'My second oldest brother, who is nine years older than me, always had the happy knack of being able to bustle me.'
- 'Andrew's always had that happy knack of cutting straight to the chase, delighting and upsetting in roughly equal measures.'
- 'For opportunities appear, at first glance, to have a happy knack of falling into the lap of the third season trainer.'
- 'He has a strong personality, continuity of purpose, a mind well stored and a happy knack of communicating it.'
- 'Sri Lanka find themselves in that happy situation after their innings and 15 run victory at Galle.'
3informal [in combination] Inclined to use a specified thing excessively or at random:'they tended to be grenade-happy'
(as) happy as a clam (at high tide)
Extremely happy.
(as) happy as a pig in shit
vulgar slang Extremely happy.
(as) happy as a sandboy (or as larry)
Extremely happy.contented, content, cheerful, cheery, merry, joyful, jovial, jolly, joking, jocular, gleeful, carefree, untroubled, delighted, smiling, beaming, grinning, glowing, satisfied, gratified, buoyant, radiant, sunny, blithe, joyous, beatific, blessedView synonyms
happy hunting ground
A place where success or enjoyment is obtained:'this should prove a happy hunting ground for those in search of a bargain'
paradise, nirvana, the kingdom of heaven, the promised land, the heavenly kingdom, the city of god, the celestial city, the abode of god, the abode of the saints, the abode of the angels, zion, abraham's bosom, the empyreanView synonyms
- 'The Doncaster-based club has not proved to be a happy hunting ground for the Sandhill Laners with five defeats from five visits.'
- 'Odsal Sedbergh went down from Division One having only won one game all season but at least Division Four has proved a happy hunting ground with Undercliffe Wyke and Thornton in the top four.'
- 'Bangsaray was the fishing venue for Fish & Trips on August 28, which proved to be a happy hunting ground for the team.'
- 'The Middle East, which is awash with petrodollars thanks to the surge in world oil prices, has proved a happy hunting ground for western defence groups in recent months.'
- 'Mr Collins can argue that Clare, as it adjoins Limerick, has proved a happy hunting ground.'
- 'The Lancashire Amateur Shield proved a happy hunting ground with only Ashton losing to outside competition.'
- 'Mrs. Gay Cross made the presentation to winner owner Pat Daly who must have been delighted that he made the long journey from Cork to Newbridge which is proving such a happy hunting ground for him.'
- 'Thirsk proved a happy hunting ground for City of York VI as they beat the home side's second string 4-1.'
- 'Wigan's home ground again proved a happy hunting ground for the slick-handling Saints who had this game won by half-time.'
- 'South Yorkshire proved to be a happy hunting ground for Heworth's Neil Smith as he landed one of the county's major prizes.'
Middle English (in the sense 'lucky'): from the noun hap + -y.
We take a look at several popular, though confusing, punctuation marks.
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, discover surprising and intriguing language facts from around the globe.
The definitions of 'buddy' and 'bro' in the OED have recently been revised. We explore their history and increase in popularity.


text:
Longitudinal or time line studies of change in the architecture of a particular culture are common, but an area still open to further research is change across space or place. In particular, there is need for studies on architectural change of cultures stemming from the same ethnic source split between their homeland and other Diasporas. This change may range from minor deviations to drastic shifts away from an architectural norm and the accumulation of these shifts within a time frame constitutes variations. This article focuses on identifying variations in the architecture of the Ijo fishing group that migrates along the coastline of West Africa. It examines the causes of cross-cultural variation between base camp dwellings of Ijo migrant fishermen in the Bakassi Peninsula in Cameroon and Bayelsa State in Nigeria. The study draws on the idea of the inevitability of cultural and social change over time as proposed in the theories of cultural dynamism and evolution. It tests aspects of cultural transmission theory using the principal coordinates analysis to ascertain the possible causes of variation. From the findings, this research argues that migration has enhanced the forces of cultural dynamism, which have resulted in significant variations in the architecture of this fishing group.
- migration
- variations
- Ijo fishermen
- vernacular architecture
- base camp
The need for investigating change in society through material culture such as vernacular architecture was emphasized by Turan (1990). He posits that changing conditions and variability remain one of the major characteristics of vernacular architecture. This is based on the concept of cultural change, which emphasizes the dynamism of culture in every given society with time. In essence, the tendency to change does not only depend on external forces acting on it, but is inherent in any cultural system and affects all its forms of material culture. The material culture being investigated here is vernacular architecture. Rapoport and Hardie (1991) argue that for vernacular architecture, the process of culture change and associated changes to the built environment is dynamic, so that the problem is to identify persisting traditional elements, as well as disappearing, changing, or new elements in the built environment. Based on this concept, architecture is subject to change not only by external influences but also by its inherent tendency to do so.
As such, this article focuses on examining the extent to which migration facilitates external influences and acts as an agent of cultural change, bringing about architectural variations in dwellings from the same society. The results of this research may not necessarily address the issue of change in a way that is applicable to all vernacular environments, but it can contribute to overall knowledge by addressing it from the culture-specific viewpoint of Ijo migrant fishermen.
From a review on existing literature on variations in architecture, certain gaps and paucity of research were identified. First, most of the studies on architectural variation are longitudinal or chronological studies from a mixture of anthropology, archaeology, and cultural geographical from an architectural viewpoint, focusing on change in a single community over time (Bailey, 1990; Cochrane, 2002; Dawson, 2001; Domenig, 1990; Gilman, 1987; Pfalzner, 1996; Rodman, 1985; Rollefson, 1997; Romanou, 2007; Schwerdtfeger, 1982; Watkins, 1996; Wills, 2001). However, only few studies have actually examined the architectural variations of a group with the same ethnic source but living in different locations due to migration (Lawrence, 1987; Noussia, 2004; Pader, 1993). In the few cases identified, the studies focused on analyzing domestic space in relation to social change, using primarily qualitative methods to identify variations. But all three of these previous studies fall short of investigating the causes of these variations. Furthermore, only studies related to archaeology employed the use of quantitative methods in analyzing these architectural variations. This research is intended on taking a step further by investigating architectural variations and their causes, for which quantitative and qualitative methods have been used.
"Fishermen Without Borders"
Migration is a common socioeconomic activity in the lifestyle of artisanal fishermen of Ijo ethnic origin. The Ijos are one of 10 prominent migrant fishing tribes in the West African subregion and the fourth largest ethnic group in Nigeria. They migrate to different locations along the inshore rivers and coastline of Nigeria and even beyond. This has contributed in spreading their population among other regions in Nigeria and Africa, although their ancestral homeland is in the central Niger Delta area of Nigeria.
These fishermen embark on two forms of migration: the first is an interregional and sometimes transnational form of migration, where the fishermen relocate and become settlers in other geographic regions or countries; and second, an intersite or intraregional form of migration, where the fishermen carry out various short migratory or commuting trips within the region they choose to settle during different fishing seasons in the year. Some scholars refer to them as "international" and "internal" migrations. Openness of the borders of the territorial waters between coastal countries in West and Central Africa were identified as the key factor that makes such international migration possible (Njock & Westlund, 2008). In both forms of migration, residential movement is involved. Often, one main dwelling along a river route known as the base camp and a number of satellite dwellings in offshore and inshore waters are established.
The other parts of Africa where Ijo fishermen have migrated to include Benin republic (Olawepo, 2008); the Bakassi Peninsula and Littoral regions of Cameroon (N. B. Leis, 1964, P. E. Leis, 1972); the Lake Chad regions which border Nigeria, and the Republic of Chad; and the coastal regions of Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo (Agoro, Asuk, Olali, & Etekpe, 2009; Chauveau, 1991; Haakonsen, 1989; see Figure 1). However, this article is narrowed down to the comparative analysis of the dwelling models in Bayelsa (Nigeria) and Bakassi (Cameroon) only as shown on the map in Figure 2. Most of the current populations of Ijo fishermen in Cameroon are descendants of these early settlers in Bakassi or other regions in the Sud Ouest Province.
Fishermen and Migration in Nigeria
The term migrant fisherman was developed in Nigeria during the early 1980s as research interests in coastal and inshore fisheries grew. It became an official term used to describe the fishing communities that were the focus of a government research initiative. Part of the results of the study showed that the fishermen and their families moved residence up to an average of three locations a year according to seasons, tides, and fish movements (Ezewu & Tahir, 1997). Figure 3 shows Ezewu and Tahir's model that explains the three locations fishermen reside in each season. These are the base camps, offshore camps, and villages of origin.
The villages of origin are large settlements made up of several clans or families. Although the base camps transit settlements, they also serve as places of extended stay often for considerable lengths of time. They are often established to bring the fishermen closer to the fishing grounds. The offshore camps are seasonal sites with temporary homesteads within or close to the fishing grounds and are not intended for extended periods of stay or designed as such. In this study, the focus is on the base camp as the primary settlement from which architectural data are obtained.
A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted for this study. For data collection, focus group discussions proved very useful at the base camps. The gathering of all the household heads in a multi-homestead base camp for discussions is a preexisting social practice which was capitalized upon. The information derived from these group discussions was often self-validating as any information offered by a member was likely to be confirmed, corrected, or refuted by others. Factual credibility rested on collective memory which is essential for the narrative and descriptive approaches used in studies of the vernacular environment. Capturing different aspects of the vernacular environment, from different views, and showing various building elements and details for dichotomous (binary) data categorization required the use of drawings and photographs.
To analyze the data, the use of coefficients for the purpose of measuring similarity was adopted. A coefficient is a statistical technique used in analyzing binary data in a matrix format that produces values ranging from 0.1 to 1.0. Although using coefficients to determine similarities is effective, it is, however, not conclusive enough as it only shows similarities but does not show whether the similarities are as a result of same ancestry "branching" or borrowing from other cultures "blending." As such, it is necessary to ascertain the type of similarity using more graphical or diagrammatic methods like the principal coordinate analysis (PCA). The XLSTAT software, which is a form of multidimensional scaling, was used. The end result is a simple graphical display of dots on a two-dimensional scatter diagram. The position of these dots would indicate the level of similarities and source of variations between the dwellings of the different migrant fishing groups in the Bakassi Peninsula.
The reason for adopting a combination of research methods is to first ascertain quantitatively the causes of variation and then offer possible interpretations from qualitative data for the reasons behind these variations.
Types of Base Camp Dwellings
A total of 74 fishing camps were visited for this study, 25 in Bakassi and 49 in Bayelsa, the location of which are shown on the maps in Figures 4 and 5, respectively. There are three main types of base camp dwellings built by Ijo migrant fishermen; these are the agbada ware (house on stilts) and the atọu or atọukọ ware (house on mud foundation). The third type is simply a combination of features obtained from the first two types. It is referred to as the agbada–atou mo ware (stilt house with mud foundation). These building types are distinguished by the materials used and construction methods used in their substructure. They form the basic base camp typologies built by Ijo migrant fishermen in all locations they migrate to. For example, both the migrant fishermen in Bayelsa and in Bakassi build these dwelling types, but their similarities are in the substructure only, aside from that there may be variations.
Agbada Ware (House on Stilts)
The stilt house is the most prominent feature on the Ijo riverine landscape. It is built on the edge of the river for easy access to the waterways and to fishing grounds. The dwellings are erected on timber posts or stilts, which create a raised platform providing protection from high tides and floods that can reach heights of up to 2 m. Details are shown below in Figure 6.
Ato.uko ware (House on Mud-Foundation)
The main feature of the atouko ware is its elevated mud foundation (see Figure 7). The term atouko is derived from the Ijo word atou which means mud. The type of mud referred to here is the chikoko mud. It is a mixture of clay soil and dead vegetable matter, which makes it resilient to the eroding effects of constantly flowing water.
Agbada-atou mo ware (Mud and Stilt Hybrid House)
In this type of built form, a part of the foundation is erected on stilts and the other part made up of compact and elevated chikoko mud. This occurs when dwellings combine both living/sleeping spaces and hearth spaces as shown in Figure 8 below. Another common practice is where a part of the building is sited on marshy land and the other part over water.
Migration and Theories of Change
Change can be identified in any cultural system, which is made up of many subsystems. These include art, architecture, folklore, and so on, all of which experience change. Several studies carried out in this area have all attempted to answer questions relating to variation or change. Such as, the extent of this change and then if this change comes as a result of internal (immanent) or external (externalistic) forces. As a result of cultural dynamism, changes are bound to occur and the accumulation of such changes over time constitutes variations.
Studies in this area suggest that there are two main mechanisms by which variation is produced in material culture: variations generated as a result of copying or "Lateral borrowing" of other ideas during the production process, and variations produced from within the group by "cognitive mechanisms." Both way, such changes could occur during production and an accumulation of these could result in significant variations. Lateral borrowing may or may not be intentional but may arise via association with other groups.
Cognitive mechanisms are sometimes deliberate or erroneous modifications made to an original pattern that brings about variations. They can also be innovations necessitated by production of material culture in a different context or through changing "worldviews" of the society in question. Moreover, the change may come about as a response to new challenges posed by a different climate or location (Gabora, 2000, 2004). But the main difference between the two mechanisms is that one is borrowed from neighboring groups and the other is developed from within the group.
In relation to migration, this article examines how much change can be attributed to cognitive mechanisms brought about by the expansion or splitting of a society into daughter populations during migration. Also, how much change can be attributed to lateral borrowing of other cultural traits from other groups encountered during migration? The former is known as phylogenesis or "branching" (Collard & Shennan 2008; Gray, Greenhill, & Ross, 2007; Lipo, O'Brien, Shennan, & Collard, 2006; Mace, Holden, & Shennan, 2005), while the latter is referred to as ethnogenesis or "blending" (Diaw, 1992; P. D. Jordan, 2007; P. Jordan & Shennan, 2009; Terrell, 1988, 2001).
This article shows how quantitative methods are used to test the influence of immanent forces such as "phylogenesis or branching" and/or externalistic forces such as "ethnogenesis or blending" in architectural variation. The aim is to ascertain the effect of migration on the migrant fisher base camp dwellings of the Ijo ethnic group in Bayelsa and Bakassi.
Identifying Causes of Architectural Variations Quantitatively
The study was initiated based on the supposition that issues relating to migration could result in changes that constitute significant variations between the dwelling models. These changes may either be developed from within the society itself or brought about by external influence from other neighboring groups. In this research, four of the neighboring fishing groups were selected for comparative study. The ethnic groups selected are the Ibibios, Andonis, Ilajes, and the Urhobos, each of which has been known to live in the same region as the Ijos at one point or the other during migration. Also, these groups practice migrant fishing and build base camp dwellings. Only architectural data involving external features of the base camp dwellings which were collected have been used. These external features or traits are required to produce the dichotomous or binary data used in the statistical analysis.
In addition to the architectural data obtained from the neighboring ethnic groups, corresponding data from the migrant fishing dwellings in Bayelsa state were also included. The addition of these data was meant to serve two purposes: first, to serve as a basis for comparison between the base camp dwellings in the ethnic homeland and in Bakassi. Second, it serves as a control to indicate whether any of the other ethnic groups have any form of relatedness to the parent Ijo ethnic group in Bayelsa, which could then suggest phylogenetic (common ancestry) possibilities between them. A list of all exterior features of base camp dwellings in Bakassi and Bayelsa are presented as dichotomous data below.
Dichotomous/Binary Data
The main architectural traits in the base camp dwellings are listed from 1 through to 14, but there are subtraits as well. These subtraits are known as multistate variables and have been treated as individual traits. The digit "1" records that a trait is present among a particular ethnic group, while "0" records traits that are absent. The use of the "1" and "0" digits are the reason this form of data are being referred to as "Dichotomous" or simply "Binary" data (Shennan, 1997). The building traits recorded include construction elements, house components, or other associated features. This research focuses on external features and as such does not consider internal fixtures or furnishings.
Measuring Similarity: Coefficients and Dichotomous Data
To represent the data in dichotomous or binary form, a total of 32 external architectural features or traits were first identified. These traits are a compilation of the external features of base camp dwellings in the Bakassi peninsula common to all the five groups being compared, including the Ijos. There are a number of techniques which can be used in analyzing dichotomous data to ascertain similarity between the groups. One of such techniques is the coefficients. Shennan (1997) examines the use of coefficients for the purpose of measuring similarity and discusses the different types of coefficients that can be used. However, in this study, coefficients will be used simply to derive the matrix for the PCA, which is the quantitative method required to analyze the data. The coefficients used are the simple matching coefficient, the Jaccard coefficient, and the alternative to the Jaccard coefficient.
The major point of variance between the first two coefficients is how negative matches are treated. Negative matches occur when traits are absent in all cases. An example is the negative match in Trait 12 (ii) of Table 1, where none of the six individual ethnic groups possess the trait in question. For the simple matching coefficient, the 1 and the 0 values are equally important, which means that even if all the groups or units indicate absence for a particular variable or trait, the negative match still counts when compiling the matrix. It suggests that similarity between groups (in this case, base camp dwellings of different migrant fishing groups) can still be determined by the joint absence of traits in or on them. In the Jaccard coefficient, if the individuals all indicate absence for a trait, then it is disregarded altogether, that is, the negative match does not count when compiling the matrix, further suggesting that joint absence of traits does not indicate similarity between the individuals being considered.
For deriving the coefficient,
a = positive match (joint presence)
b = positive–negative match (top presence, bottom absence)
c = negative–positive match (top absence, bottom presence)
d = negative match (joint absences)
For simple matching coefficient, it is calculated as follows:
For Jaccard coefficient, it is calculated as follows:
The alternative to the Jaccard coefficient is as follows:
All three methods of coefficients were used to calculate for similarity measure and to see whether the results obtained were comparatively similar. Table 2 shows the multistate data being treated as mutually exclusive attributes and presented as individual variables.
Tables 3 and 4 exemplify how the matrices are developed by counting positive matches (joint presence) indicated by "a," mismatches (one presence, one absence) indicated by "b" and "c," and negative matches (joint absences) indicated by "d." This defines the mathematical functions a, b, c, and d, respectively, which are then used to calculate the simple matching coefficient = Zs, the Jaccard coefficient = Zj, and the alternative to the Jaccard = Za as shown.
Tables 5, 6, and 7 show the matrices for the three different coefficients used. It shows the level of similarity in the base camp architecture of the various migrant fishing groups. In Table 8, an average of the three coefficients of the matrices was taken and the results show a range of between 0.4 and more than 0.7. What this means is that for any coefficient below the threshold of 0.4, which bears less than half the attributes of the other tribe, there are lesser possibilities of borrowing or ethnic blending due to fewer similarities between the two groups being compared. But for coefficients with values of more than 0.7, it shows that there are stronger possibilities of borrowing or ethnic blending, due to more similarities between the two groups in question. Coefficients with values of 0.5 to 0.6 where half the attributes are shared are inconclusive.
Interpreting PCA: Similarities Between Ethnic Groups
To analyze the data matrix and derive two-dimensional scatter diagrams that indicate similarities between the ethnic groups, the XLSTAT software was used. Three different matrix data were used in this analysis, and these are the matrices of the simple matching coefficient, the Jaccard coefficient, and the alternative to the Jaccard coefficient. The three different matrices were analyzed separately to see whether the results of the various scattergrams they generate would be similar.
The scatter diagram or scattergram is a simple two-dimensional representation of the results with the ethnic groups indicated as dots in the space. The distance between these dots on the scatter diagram represents the similarity between the ethnic groups. The scattergram is divided into four quadrants by the two axes F1 and F2. The dots, or in this case ethnic groups, which are seen to cluster within a particular quadrant with the shortest distances between them are regarded as those that bare the strongest similarities. The axes can also be seen as dividing the space into two halves: the left and right halves and the top and bottom halves. The dots (groups) that conglomerate or cluster on a particular side of the halves can also be interpreted as having some form of similarity although not as strong as when the dots (groups) cluster within a particular quadrant. The dots positioned across diagonally or farthest from each other are the most dissimilar of all the groups.
The values obtained from the coefficients was used to generate values for the four coordinate points for the PCA shown in Tables 9 to 11, which is then used to plot the scattergrams shown below in Figures 9 to 11, revealing the position of the dots (groups) on the diagram.
PCA Using the Simple Matching Coefficient Matrix
XLSTAT 2010.3.06—Principal Coordinate Analysis—on May 20, 2010, at 15:48:26.
PCA Using the Jaccard Coefficient Matrix
XLSTAT 2010.3.06—Principal Coordinate Analysis—on May 20, 2010, at 15:48:54.
PCA Using the Alternative to the Jaccard Coefficient Matrix
XLSTAT 2010.3.06—Principal Coordinate Analysis—on May 20, 2010, at 15:49:24.
Discussion on Matrix of Coefficients and PCA
The interpretation of the results obtained from the matrix of coefficient is as follows: For any coefficient below the threshold of 0.5, in which a group bears less than half the attributes of the other group, it suggests that there are fewer similarities between both groups. But for coefficients with values of more than 0.7, it shows that there are strong similarities between the two groups (see Tables 1 and 2). This result does not indicate whether the two groups share a common ancestry (branching) or whether borrowing (blending) occurs between them. To ascertain whether the similarities are due to "blending" or "branching," the PCA was used and the result was represented in two-dimensional scatter diagrams or scattergrams.
Interpretation of Scatter Diagram Generated From All Three Coefficient Matrices
Based on the simple matching coefficient where negative matches are considered, the list should show that t3 (Ibibio), t4 (Andoni), and t6 (Urhobo) are the groups with the strongest similarities in terms of external architectural features in their base camp buildings. This is supported by the clustering of the points within the bottom-right quadrant in the scattergram. This only partly supports the results of the simple matching coefficient by indicating strong similarities between t4 (Andoni) and t6 (Urhobo), as the distance between these two points is the shortest. However, the fact that negative matches have been considered in the build-up to this scatter diagram has clearly had an effect on the result.
The scatter diagram derived from the alternative to Jaccard Coefficient matrix is similar to that derived from the Jaccard Coefficient matrix, in that, it also disregards negative matches. The results are similar as the distance between points (groups) t2, t1, t4, and t6 are closer together than t5 and t3. But more specifically, the space between t2 and t1, and t2 and t6 are equidistant, which suggests that t2 (Ijos in Bakassi) bares strong similarities to both t1 (Ijos in Bayelsa) and t6 (Urhobos). This supports the initial findings that phylogenetic or branching forces exist between t1 and t2, while ethnogenetic or blending forces exist between t2 and t6. However, the distance between t1 (Ijos in Bayelsa) and t6 (Urhobos) is far apart, suggesting that similarities between these two groups are not strong, which reduces the possibility of common ancestry between the Ijo (Bayelsa) and Urhobo.
The results from the scattergram show that the strongest similarities exist between the external architectural features of the Ijo migrant fisher dwellings in Bakassi (T2) and those of their Urhobo (T6) neighbors. Similarities between the Ijo and the Urhobos in Bakassi show that there are variations between the Ijos and their parent group in Bayelsa (T1). However, because the similarities between the Ijos and Urhobos are only in external architectural traits, it means that the PCA analysis has only revealed external similarities and not internal ones. The fact that stronger similarities exist between these two groups, amid all the other groups in Bakassi that have same levels of proximity to the Ijo migrant fishers, raises questions as to why this is the case. Responses from interviews suggest a number of possible reasons that could have fostered this selective ethnogenetic activity.
Although, results show no indications of both groups sharing a common ancestry, the data obtained from respondents during fieldwork confirm that a stronger level of business relationship and proximity exists between the Urhobo and Ijo migrant fishermen. Over the years, fishermen of the Urhobo group migrate into inshore brackish water regions dominated by Ijo tribes to carry out fishing activities. They are the only non-Ijo group allowed to operate within the inshore territorial waters of the region while other tribes within the region are limited to the marine or offshore waters. However, it shows that there has been increased proximity and relations due to migration between the Urhobo and the Ijo migrant fishermen. The evidence suggests that these increased relations have led to possible "blending" activities between the two groups.
The PCA analysis therefore reveals that one of the causes of variations between the Ijo base camp dwellings in Bakassi and Bayelsa is ethnogenesis, due to the Ijos in Bakassi borrowing cultural traits from the Urhobos, whom they had more contact with during migration. However, it is important to note that the traits borrowed from their neighboring group relates more to building components and external architectural features as listed in Table 1 and not to spatial configuration. Of these two aspects, the PCA only revealed the source of the exterior variations. Because the PCA analysis was based on data obtained from only external architectural features of all the groups, the results cannot be used to explain variations in the spatial configurations of the dwellings.
Furthermore, from Table 1, the data show that the use of connecting walkways to indicate kinship ties and the use of living areas were used only by Ijos in Bakassi, which suggests that some of the architectural traits were not borrowed but are a result of cognitive mechanisms. This means that in addition to lateral borrowing of traits, variations in Ijo base camp dwellings in Bakassi also resulted from cognitive mechanisms which are modifications made by successive generations of fishermen over the years. So based on the empirical evidence, the conclusions drawn from this research is that causes of variations in Ijo migrant fisher architecture can be traced to two sources or factors: lateral borrowing of traits from neighboring groups as well as modifications due to cognitive mechanisms made by the Ijos in Bakassi over time.
As such, the study supports findings of past works by Sorokin (1985) who argued that change is determined not only by external circumstances but also by the nature of the system itself. It also supports the claims by Diaw (1992) on how ethnogenesis influences lateral borrowing among migrant fishing groups. In addition, we could also deduce from the findings that similarities in base camp dwelling designs, due to possible lateral borrowing between Ijos and Urhobos in Bakassi, are not a function of language similarity. This supports the claims made by Welsch, Terrell, and Nadolski (1992) that there are no associations between similarity of material culture and language, than those made by Roberts, Moore, and Romney (1995) who suggest that there is such an association. Finally, the result showing notable variations between base camp designs challenges the previous hypothesis made by Hollos (1989) that no evident change in culture, livelihood, and behavior was observed from those who had settled in the Cameroons over the years.
This study does not totally attribute change or architectural variations solely to migration; it, however, shows how migration acts as an agent of contact and communication between different groups. It is this contact that inevitably results in cross-pollination of social and material cultural traits between neighboring groups and one of such material culture is vernacular architecture.
Article Notes
Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Funding The author(s) received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.
- © The Author(s) 2016
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Author Biography
Warebi Gabriel Brisibe holds a PhD in architecture from Newcastle University, UK. He is currently a lecturer at the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.


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