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August 13, 2008
MAUREEN MCNAMARA, PLAINTIFF,v.JUDITH KAYE, CHIEF JUDGE, NEW YORK COURT OF APPEALS; A. GAIL PRUDENTI, PRESIDING JUSTICE, APPELLATE DIVISION OF THE N.Y.S. SUPREME COURT, SECOND DEPARTMENT; GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE, 9TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT; GLORIA BUNZE; GARY L. CASELLA; "JOHN DOE"; "JANE ROE"; THE STATE OF NEW YORK, DEFENDANTS.
In this lawsuit, plaintiff Maureen McNamara, an attorney, alleges a panoply of federal violations arising out of her suspension from, and subsequent reinstatement to, the practice of law in New York State. Plaintiff seeks damages as well as declaratory and injunctive relief. Plaintiff names as defendants a variety of individuals and entities connected with the New York State Court of Appeals ("Court of Appeals"), the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Second Judicial Department ("Second Department"), and the Grievance Committee for the Ninth Judicial District ("Grievance Committee"). Defendants move to dismiss the complaint pursuant to Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure on the grounds that the court lacks jurisdiction to consider plaintiff's claims and, in the alternative, that plaintiff has failed to state any claims for which relief can be granted. For the reasons set forth below, defendants' motion is granted in its entirety and the complaint is dismissed.
I. Background
Unless otherwise noted, the following facts are taken from plaintiff's complaint. Plaintiff was admitted to the practice of law in New York State in 1979. In 1998, while working as a solo practitioner, plaintiff began to experience the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis, a disease of the central nervous system that disrupts communication between the brain and other parts of the body.*fn1 Plaintiff states that her present "physical limitations with [multiple sclerosis] include, among other things, very limited ability to walk, limited strength and dexterity of arms and hands, and sometimes extreme fatigue, drowsiness, sleepiness and exhaustion." (Compl. ¶ 28.)
The disciplinary problems underlying this litigation began in early 2001, when two complaints against plaintiff were filed with the Grievance Committee. Both complaints, one filed by another attorney and one filed by a client, alleged that plaintiff had neglected client matters and had failed to return phone calls or other communications regarding those matters. As detailed in the decision of the Second Department dated February 3, 2003, the underlying facts of which plaintiff does not contest, the Grievance Committee then launched an investigation with which plaintiff failed to cooperate. See In re McNamara, 303 A.D.2d 129 (2d Dep't 2003).
On October 10, 2001, the Grievance Committee filed a petition with the Second Department that, as amended, contained two charges of professional misconduct accusing plaintiff of engaging in conduct adversely reflecting on her fitness as a lawyer by failing to cooperate with an investigation of the Grievance Committee in violation of Disciplinary Rule 1-102(a)(7) of the New York Code of Professional Responsibility. Id. at 130, 134. After receiving an extension until October 29, 2001 to file her answering papers and a supplemental affirmation, plaintiff delivered the materials to the Grievance Committee on October 30, 2001. In an order dated December 31, 2001, the Second Department authorized the charges against plaintiff and appointed a Special Referee, who held a hearing on the charges in early 2002. Plaintiff submitted proposed findings to the Special Referee, as did Gloria Bunze, a lawyer for the Grievance Committee. The Special Referee adopted the proposed findings of Ms. Bunze and sustained the charges against plaintiff.
In an order dated February 3, 2003, the Second Department confirmed the report of the Special Referee and ordered that plaintiff be:
[S]uspended from the practice of law for a period of one year, commencing March 5, 2003, and continuing until the further order of this Court, with leave to the respondent to apply for reinstatement no sooner than six months prior to the expiration of the said period of one year upon furnishing satisfactory proof that during the said period she (a) refrained from practicing or attempting to practice law, (b) has fully complied with this order and with the terms and provisions of the written rules governing the conduct of disbarred, suspended, and resigned attorneys (see 22 NYCRR 691.10), and (c) has otherwise properly conducted herself . . .
Id. at 135-35. Although the Second Department allowed plaintiff to submit written objections to the Special Referee's report, it did not allow her an opportunity for oral argument. The Second Department denied plaintiff's request for reconsideration of its order. In an order dated September 23, 2003, the Court of Appeals denied plaintiff leave to appeal the Second Department's order "upon the ground that such order does not finally determine the proceeding within the meaning of the Constitution." In re McNamara, 100 N.Y.2d 613 (2003).
In April 2004, fourteen months after the issuance of the Second Department's order suspending her from the practice of law, plaintiff moved for reinstatement. Plaintiff states that side effects she was experiencing from chemotherapy treatment prevented her from applying for reinstatement during her first eight months of eligibility. In an order dated June 9, 2004, the Second Department held plaintiff's motion in abeyance and referred her petition for reinstatement to the Committee on Character and Fitness ("CCF") "to investigate and report on [plaintiff]'s current fitness to be an attorney, including, but not limited to, the unsatisfied judgments against her and whether she properly notified her clients of her suspension by certified mail, return receipt requested, as required by this court's rules." (Abramowitz Aff., Ex. D.) After an investigation and a personal interview, the CCF prepared a report recommending plaintiff's reinstatement, which it submitted to the Appellate Division on March 14, 2005.
By order dated April 27, 2005, the Second Department ordered that plaintiff's application be referred back to the CCF so that it could gather additional evidence regarding plaintiff's fitness to be an attorney. Specifically, the court directed the CCF to collect:
(1) detailed information and documentation regarding the status of judgments against [plaintiff], actions for recovery of monies due, and/or outstanding debts of [plaintiff]; (2) detailed information and documentation regarding the taxpayer actions in which [plaintiff] has been included as a plaintiff; and (3) detailed information and documentation regarding the malpractice lawsuit commenced by [plaintiff] against Adam Peska. (Id. at Ex. E.) After conducting an investigation and a hearing, the CCF again recommended plaintiff's reinstatement. Plaintiff states that she never received copies of any of the CCF's reports. In a decision dated January 19, 2006, the Second Department denied plaintiff's motion for reinstatement, finding that plaintiff "does not demonstrate the requisite fitness and character to practice law." (Id. at Ex. F.) The Second Department's decision gave no other explanation for the denial of plaintiff's motion.
Plaintiff moved the Second Department for reconsideration and reargument, but this request was denied in an order dated August 18, 2006. The Court of Appeals, sua sponte, dismissed plaintiff's appeal as of right on finality grounds in a decision dated November 21, 2006. In re McNamara, 7 N.Y.3d 899 (2006). Plaintiff then sought leave to file a discretionary appeal and asked the court to reconsider its earlier dismissal. In a decision dated February 20, 2007, the Court of Appeals granted plaintiff's motion for reconsideration, but denied plaintiff's motion for leave to appeal and dismissed her appeal, finding "that no substantial constitutional question [was] directly involved," In re McNamara, 8 N.Y.3d 867 (2007). According to plaintiff, she "also petitioned the Court of Appeals for redress in its ministerial/regulatory capacity, as the branch of state government superintending the licensing of attorneys at law in New York State," but the Court of Appeals took no action on this application. (Compl. ¶ 145.) On April 27, 2007, plaintiff again applied to the Second Department for reinstatement. On May 21, 2007, plaintiff filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the Supreme Court of the United States, which was denied on October 1, 2007. McNamara v. Appellate Division, Supreme Court of New York, Second Judicial Department, 128 S.Ct. 360 (2007). By order dated June 8, 2007, the Second Department, without explanation, reinstated plaintiff to the practice of law.
Plaintiff filed an amended complaint in this action on June 21, 2007, raising eight causes of action that may be summarized as follows:
(1) The judicial officers and staff of the Court of Appeals and the Second Department violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983 by failing to provide plaintiff with due process in connection with her suspension and attempts at reinstatement;
(2) The New York State courts violated plaintiff's substantive due process rights by "irrational[ly], arbitrar[ily], and capricious[ly]" extending plaintiff's one-year suspension into a suspension that lasted for more than three years. Plaintiff also alleges in this cause of action, inter alia, that her continued suspension amounted to an unconstitutional taking of property;
(3) Plaintiff was denied equal protection under law because, inter alia, (a) the Second Department's procedures for disciplining attorneys are inferior to those of the other judicial departments, (b) the Second Department treated plaintiff less favorably than it did Albert Pirro, a high profile male attorney who had been convicted of felony tax evasion, (c) the Grievance Committee and its staff singled out plaintiff for harsher treatment because of her disability and/or gender, and (d) New York State provides less due process to attorneys seeking reinstatement than it does to members of other licensed professions;
(4) Plaintiff's First Amendment rights were violated because (a) the New York State courts failed to either substantively review plaintiff's application for reinstatement or grant plaintiff a judicial hearing in connection with her application for reinstatement, (b) plaintiff was punished for her political activities, associations, and free speech because the Second Department directed the CCF to consider plaintiff's involvement in a taxpayer lawsuit, and in its report, the CCF referenced plaintiff's support for a political candidate;
(5) New York State and its judicial branch violated Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") by failing to make reasonable accommodations regarding the licensing, discipline, and reinstatement of attorneys with disabilities;
(6) Plaintiff has a right to relief from the actions of the New York State courts under Article 78 of New York's Civil Practice Law and Rules ("CPLR"), because the state courts act as administrative bodies in regards to matters of attorney licensing and discipline, and in plaintiff's case, their actions were arbitrary and capricious;
(7) Plaintiff is entitled to retroactive damages from New York State to the extent that the state waives its sovereign immunity and to damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 from the "John Doe" and "Jane Roe" defendants; (8) "New York's judiciary has essentially decreed a species of martial law when it comes to . . . attorney discipline," and as such, attorneys in New York are denied a republican form of government, in violation of the Guaranty Clause of Article IV of the United States Constitution.
Plaintiff seeks $5 million dollars in compensatory and punitive damages, as well as variety of declaratory and injunctive relief.
Plaintiff specifically names two judges as defendants-Judith Kaye, the Chief Judge of New York State and A. Gail Prudenti, the Presiding Justice of the Second Department-and also seeks to name as defendants all other judges of the Second Department or Court of Appeals who were involved in an official capacity with plaintiff's disciplinary proceedings. Plaintiff also names the Grievance Committee and two of its employees, Gloria Bunze and Gary A. Casella, as well as anonymous defendants John Doe and Jane Roe, whom plaintiff defines as any clerical personnel, law secretaries, legal staff, or law clerks at the Second Department or Court of Appeals who acted under color of state law to intentionally deprive plaintiff of her constitutional rights.
On January 8, 2008, defendants, represented by the New York State Office of Attorney General, moved to dismiss the amended complaint under Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure on the grounds that the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction and that plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
II. Discussion
A. Standards of Review
Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that a defendant may make a motion, in lieu of an answer, to dismiss a complaint for "failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted." Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). On a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), the court accepts as true all well-pleaded factual allegations and draws all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff's favor. See Dangler v. New York City Off Track Betting Corp., 193 F.3d 130, 138 (2d Cir. 1999). The Supreme Court has recently held that in order to survive a motion under Rule 12(b)(6), a plaintiff must plead enough facts to "state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atlantic v. Twombly, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1968-69, 1974 (2007) (quoting Conley, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 (1957)). Accordingly, a complaint cannot make merely "a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action," but must allege facts that "raise a right of relief above the speculative level on the assumption that all allegations in the complaint are true (even if doubtful in fact)." Bell Atlantic, 127 S.Ct. at 1964-65 (citations omitted). The Second Circuit has interpreted the foregoing language to "requir[e] a flexible 'plausibility standard,' which obliges a pleader to amplify a claim with some factual allegations in those contexts where such amplification is needed to render the claim plausible," rather than to mandate a "universal standard of heightened fact pleading." Iqbal v. Hasty, 490 F.3d 143, 157-58 (2d Cir. 2007).
When material outside the complaint is "presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion must be treated as one for summary judgment . . . and all parties must be given a reasonable opportunity to present all the material that is pertinent to the motion." Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d). See Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152-53 (2d Cir. 2002); Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(c). For the purposes of this rule, however, the complaint is deemed to include writings and documents attached to the complaint, referenced in the complaint, or integral to the complaint. See Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152-53 (2d Cir. 2002); Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(c). Additionally, courts reviewing dismissal motions under Rule 12(b)(6) may permissibly take judicial notice of public documents, including the decisions and filings of other courts. See Roth v. Jennings, 489 F.3d 499, 509 (2d Cir. 2007); Kramer v. Time Warner, Inc., 937 F.2d 767, 774 (2d Cir. 1991).
In evaluating a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(1), the court accepts as true all factual allegations in the complaint but should not, however, draw inferences favorable to the party asserting jurisdiction. J.S. ex rel. N.S. v. Attica Cent. Sch., 386 F.3d 107, 110 (2d Cir. 2004) (citation omitted). "A case is properly dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(1) when the district court lacks the statutory or constitutional power to adjudicate it." Makarova v. United States, 201 F. 3d 110, 113 (2d Cir. 2000). "The plaintiff bears the burden of proving subject matter jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence." Aurecchione v. Schoolman Transp. Sys., Inc., 426 F.3d 635, 638 (2d Cir. 2005). In determining the existence of subject matter jurisdiction, a district court may consider evidence outside the pleadings. Arar v. Ashcroft, 532 F.3d 157, 168 (2d Cir. 2008) (citing Makarova, 201 F.3d at 113). Subject matter jurisdiction is a threshold issue, and thus, where a party moves to dismiss under both Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6), the court must address the 12(b)(1) motion first. Sherman v. Black, 510 F. Supp. 2d 193, 197 (E.D.N.Y. 2007) (citing Rhulen Agency, Inc. v. Alabama Ins. Guar. Ass'n,896 F.2d 674, 678 (2d Cir. 1990)).
B. The Court's Jurisdiction to Consider Plaintiff's Claims
1. The Rooker-Feldman Doctrine
Defendants assert that "[t]o the extent that plaintiff seeks to have this Court reverse or overturn the state court determinations relating to plaintiff's practice of law, such claims are barred by the Rooker-Feldman doctrine." (Def. Mem. at 10.) Pursuant to the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, "lower federal courts lack subject matter jurisdiction over a case if the exercise of jurisdiction over that case would result in the reversal or modification of a state court judgment," Hachamovitch v. DeBuono, 159 F.3d 687, 693 (2d Cir. 1998) (citing Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413, 415-16 (1923); Dist. of Colombia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462, 476 (1983)), or if the federal claim asserted is "inextricably intertwined" with an earlier state-court judgment, Abrahams v. Appellate Div. of Supreme Court, 473 F. Supp. 2d 550, 555 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (citations omitted). Second Circuit and Supreme Court precedent instructs that four requirements must be met in order for the Rooker-Feldman doctrine to apply:
First, the federal-court plaintiff must have lost in state court. Second, the plaintiff must "complain[ ] of injuries caused by [a] state-court judgment[.]" Third, the plaintiff must "invit[e] district court review and rejection of [that] judgment[ ]." Fourth, the state-court judgment must have been "rendered before the district court proceedings commenced"-i.e., Rooker-Feldman has no application to federal-court suits proceeding in parallel with ongoing state-court litigation.
Hoblock v. Albany County Bd. of Elections, 422 F.3d 77, 85 (2d Cir. 2005) (quoting Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 284 (2005)).
In the present case, plaintiff seeks review of the Second Department's and Court of Appeals' decisions denying her reinstatement to the practice of law, as well the subsequent decisions rejecting plaintiff's motions for reconsideration. "Disciplinary proceedings before the New York Appellate Division are judicial in nature and dismissal of an appeal from a disciplinary proceeding by the New York Court of Appeals is a final state court judgment." Zimmerman v. Grievance Committee of Fifth Judicial Dist. of State of New York, 726 F.2d 85, 86 (2d Cir. 1984) (citations omitted); see also Mitchell v. Fishbein, 377 F.3d 157, 171 (2d Cir. 2004) (noting that "[a] claim of a present right to admission to the bar of a state and a denial of that right is a controversy," the resolution of which constitutes a judicial action) (quoting Feldman, 460 U.S. at 478). Thus, plaintiff is asking this court to remedy the perceived injuries plaintiff has suffered as a result of state court judgments with which plaintiff disagrees. This is precisely the type of inquiry Rooker-Feldman proscribes. See Campbell v. Greisberger, 80 F.3d 703 (2d Cir. 2006). Accordingly, defendants' motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is granted with respect to plaintiff's allegations that she was unlawfully denied timely reinstatement to the practice of law by the New York State courts.
2. Judicial Immunity
A number of plaintiff's claims are directed at the Honorable Judith Kaye, Chief Judge of New York State, the Honorable A. Gail Prudenti, Presiding Justice of the Second Department, and the other judicial officers of the Court of Appeals and the Second Department who were involved in plaintiff's disciplinary proceedings. All of these claims are directed at the judges and justices in their official capacities. It is well-settled that judges have absolute immunity from suits for damages arising out of judicial acts performed in their judicial capacities. Mireles v. Waco, 502 U.S. 9, 11 (1991); Forrester v. White, 484 U.S. 219, 225 (1988). The absolute judicial immunity of a court and its members "is not overcome by allegations of bad faith or malice," and a judge cannot "be deprived of immunity because the action he took was in error . . . or was in excess of his authority." Mireles, 502 U.S. at 11, 13 (quotations and citations omitted). This immunity may be overcome only if the court is alleged to have taken non-judicial actions or if the judicial actions taken were "in the complete absence of all jurisdiction." Id. at 11-12. By contrast, a judge is not protected under the doctrine of judicial immunity if the action being challenged is not judicial in nature, such as when the judge performs an administrative, legislative, or executive act. Id.; Huminski v. Corsones, 386 F.3d 116, 138 (2d Cir. 2004) (citing Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 360 (1978); Tucker v. Outwater, 118 F.3d 930, 933 (2d Cir. 1997)). In order to determine whether a given act by a judge is a "judicial" one, the court must look to the nature and function of the act and to the expectation of the parties, in particular, the court must examine whether the act "is a function normally performed by a judge" and whether the parties "dealt with the judge in his judicial capacity." Id. (quoting Stump, 435 U.S. at 362).
Plaintiff argues that Judge Kaye, Justice Prudenti, and the other judges of the Court of Appeals and the Second Department are not protected from this lawsuit by the doctrine of judicial immunity because attorney disciplinary proceedings are essentially administrative in nature and thus, are not "judicial acts." This argument is without merit. New York law grants the Appellate Divisions and the Court of Appeals jurisdiction over matters of attorney discipline, N.Y. Jud. Law § 90; CPLR Art. 94; 22 NYCCRR § 691.4, and as discussed above, disciplinary proceedings such as those that are the subject of this litigation are "judicial acts," see Mitchell, 377 F.3d at 171; Zimmerman, 726 F.2d at 86. Accordingly, all of the judicial officers mentioned in plaintiff's complaint are shielded from liability in this action by the doctrine of absolute judicial immunity. Plaintiff's claims with respect to those defendants are dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
Likewise, plaintiff's claims against the various "John Doe" and "Jane Roe" defendants at the Second Department and the Court of Appeals must also be dismissed. To the extent that plaintiff claims that courthouse personnel-whether they be classified as legal secretaries, clerical staff, or law clerks-were involved in an official capacity with the decision-making process in plaintiff's proceedings, those personnel, like the judges they were assisting, are accorded immunity from suit. See Rodriguez v. Weprin, 116 F.3d 62, 66-67 (2d Cir. 1997); Oliva v. Heller, 839 F.2d 37, 39-40 (2d Cir. 1988).
3. Sovereign Immunity under the Eleventh Amendment
Although the doctrine of Rooker-Feldman prevents the court from reviewing plaintiff's claim that the state courts violated her rights by unlawfully denying her timely reinstatement to the practice of law, that doctrine does not prevent the court from reviewing plaintiff's claim that the state's general rules and regulations governing reinstatement are unlawful. See Campbell, 80 F.3d at 707 (citing Feldman, 460 U.S. at 485-86). To the extent these latter types of claims seek money damages and are directed against New York State, its courts, and its officers acting in an official capacity, however, defendants argue they are barred by the Eleventh Amendment of the United States Constitution.
The Eleventh Amendment provides that "[t]he judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state." U.S. Const. amend. XI. Despite its text, which appears only to protect states from lawsuits brought by citizens of another state, the Supreme Court has long construed the Eleventh Amendment to immunize non-consenting states from being subject to federal liability in suits brought by their own citizens. Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1 (1890); see also Garcia v. S.U.N.Y. Health Scis. Ctr., 280 F.3d 98, 107 (2d Cir. 2001) (citing Bd. of Tr. of Univ. of Ala. v. Garrett, 531 U.S. 356, 363 (2001); Seminole Tribe of Fla. v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44, 54 (1996)). Congress, however, may abrogate the state's Eleventh Amendment immunity "when it both unequivocally intends to do so and 'act[s] pursuant to a valid grant of constitutional authority.'" Garcia, 280 F.3d at 108 (quoting Garrett, 531 U.S. at 363).
In the present case, New York State has not consented to suit. Moreover, lawsuits against state officers acting their official capacity and lawsuits against state courts are considered to be lawsuits against the state. Will v. Michigan Dept. of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 70-71 (1989); Abrahams, 473 F. Supp. 2d at 563 (citing Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 169 (1985); AlJundi v. Estate of Rockefeller, 885 F.2d 1060, 1065 (2d Cir. 1989)). Thus, plaintiff's claims against New York State, its officers, and its courts may only proceed if they are brought pursuant to a valid Congressional abrogation of state immunity. Of all the statutory and constitutional provisions raised in plaintiff's complaint, only plaintiff's claim under Title II of the ADA provides an arguable basis for piercing New York State's immunity under the Eleventh Amendment. Thus, with the exception of plaintiff's allegations under the ADA, which are discussed below, all of plaintiff's claims for money damages against New York State, its courts, and its officers acting in an official capacity-i.e., Gloria Bunze and Gary L. Casella-are dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
C. Plaintiff's Claims under Title II of the ADA
Plaintiff alleges that defendants violated Title II of the ADA by denying her "reasonable accommodation with regard to her professional license" and "failing to take an iterative dialog" with her, thus "discriminat[ing] against her with regard to her license to practice law, including but not limited to her non-reinstatement to practice."*fn2 (Compl. ¶ 385.) As discussed above, plaintiff's claims are barred by the Rooker-Feldman doctrine to the extent they argue that the decisions of the New York State courts were wrongly decided. To the extent plaintiff brings a claim arguing that New York State's licensing and reinstatement procedures violate the ADA, that claim runs squarely up against the Eleventh Amendment and is barred unless brought pursuant to a valid Congressional abrogation of state sovereign immunity.
The Supreme Court has held that the ADA's text contains "an unequivocal expression of Congress's intent to abrogate state sovereign immunity." United States v. Georgia, 546 U.S. 151, 15 (2006) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 12202) ("A State shall not be immune under the eleventh amendment to the Constitution of the United States from an action in [a] Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction for a violation of this chapter."). What remains the subject of considerable debate-within the Second Circuit in particular-is the extent to which Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides Congress with the authority to give effect to this intent. See, e.g., Olson v. New York, No. 04-CV-00419, 2007 WL 1029021 at *7 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 30, 2007) (collecting recent district court decisions from within the Second Circuit). This debate stems from inconsistencies between the Second Circuit's decision in Garcia v. S.U.N.Y. Health Sciences Center of Brooklyn and the Supreme Court's subsequent decisions in Tennessee v. Lane and United States v. Georgia. Compare Garcia, 280 F.3d at 112 (holding that "a private suit for money damages under Title II of the ADA may only be maintained against a state if the plaintiff can establish that the Title II violation was motivated by either discriminatory animus or ill will due to disability"), with Georgia, 546 U.S. at 159 (leaving open the possibility that a private suit for money damages under Title II of the ADA may be maintained against a state even if the alleged "misconduct violated Title II but did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment"). The court need not attempt to resolve this debate, however, because plaintiff has failed to state a claim that defendants violated the ADA. See Goonewardena v. New York, 475 F. Supp. 2d 310, 323 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) ("If there is no violation of Title II, then the Georgia analysis ends and the claim is dismissed on the ground that plaintiff has failed to state a claim rather than that the court lacks jurisdiction due to sovereign immunity.")
In order to establish a violation under the ADA, plaintiff must demonstrate that (1) plaintiff is a "qualified individual" with a disability; (2) defendants are subject to the ADA; and (3) plaintiff was "denied the opportunity to participate in or benefit from defendants' services, programs, or activities, or were otherwise discriminated against by defendants, by reason of plaintiff['s] disabilit[y]." Henrietta D. v. Bloomberg, 331 F.3d 261, 272 (2d Cir. 2003). Plaintiff has failed to provide the court with enough facts to raise a plausible claim that her multiple sclerosis placed her at a disadvantage throughout the disciplinary proceedings. As such, plaintiff's claims under the ADA and related statutes must be dismissed for failure to state a claim for which relief can be granted.
D. Plaintiff's Claim under the Guaranty Clause
Plaintiff also claims a violation of the Guaranty Clause of Article IV of the United States Constitution. The Guaranty Clause provides that "[t]he United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence." U.S. Const. art. IV, § 4. After carefully reviewing the allegations in plaintiff's complaint, the court finds that plaintiff has failed to demonstrate the absence of a republican form of government in New York State. Accordingly, plaintiff's claim under the Guaranty Clause is dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6).
E. Plaintiff's Remaining Claims
The court has considered plaintiff's claims under the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, as well as plaintiff's claims under the Petition Clause of the First Amendment. To the extent these claims seek declaratory or injunctive relief, and thus are permitted by the Eleventh Amendment, the court finds them lacking in factual support and based upon erroneous interpretations of the law. Accordingly, these claims are also dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6).
III. Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, defendant's motion to dismiss the complaint is granted in its entirety.
DORA L. IRIZARRY United States District Judge
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Actor Charlie Sheen has wrestled demons and engaged in some pretty wacky public behaviour. But there's one thing the former Two and Half Men star has deemed beyond the pale: supporting Donald Trump.
Syed Ammar Alavi - is Lahore (Pakistan) based journalist & writer with 25-year experience in print, wire and broadcast forms of journalism. His major fields of interest are politics, film,tv,sports, climate change and technology


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I would like to say a massive thank you to Occasions Photo Booth for providing such great entertainment at my brother's wedding yesterday - we loved the photos and the guest book, 5 stars!
It was amazing and all our guests had a great time taking silly photos and leaving us lovely messages. We had the most fantastic day, Thanks so much,
We've just returned form our minimoon so I wanted to say a big thank you for the great photobooth at our wedding last week, everyone had a fantastic time


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Pipers at the Gates of Dawn: The Wisdom of Children's Literature.
COTT, Jonathan.
• Terms • Ask a Question
Description: B/w illus. & photos, 327pp., 8vo, cloth-backed bds., d.w.; (d.w. rubbed). New York: Random House, (1983). Signed by the author on the 1/2 title page. Very good+Binding: hardcover
Language: English
Type: Books
Book ID: 163297


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Antique American Victorian flame mahogany oval table, circa 1865.
Dimensions: 29"H x 43.5"W x 32"D
2 other shoppers have this item in their Cart or Wish List .
California's Finest Collective ~ Over 35 Years Experience
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- 0
How To Make An Online Advice Column Blog
How to set up your advice column online the easy way. Plus tips on how to get started writing an advice column or becoming an advice columnist online.
- 10
Tom and Jerry - My Favorite Cartoon Characters
Is Tom and Jerry a violent cartoon? This article explores the controversial debate of violence in cartoons.
- 2
Why You Need Family Time - It is important to spend time with them
Spending time with your family is one of the most important things you could ever do.
- 43
How To Start An Advice Column Online
Do friends and family often ask you for advice? Do you find yourself often telling others how to solve their problems? If so, you could become the next great advice columnist!
- 21
7 Fun Things To Do Together With Your Family
Is your family lacking some fun quality time together? Many American families today rarely see each other often, let alone come together for some fun family time. Sometimes you just need a push in the right direction to...


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Ratings based on 1,167 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
4.7 Room cleanliness
4.7 Service & staff
4.7 Room comfort
4.7 Hotel condition
Expedia Verified ReviewsThey paid and stayed. We double-checked.
by A verified traveler
Posted Dec 7, 2016
Excellent hôtel sur tout la ligne, les chambres sont littéralement de petits appartements très bien équipés et confortable !
by A verified traveler from US
Highly RecommendedPosted Nov 27, 2016
It is a beautiful hotel in the heart of Montreal. Very large rooms, nice pool, great hot tub and good service. My only gripe was the key card, which necessitated 3 separate trips to the front desk (in my bathing suit) because it wasn't coded properly and stopped working. That was frustrating. Overall, however, a fantastic experience.
by A verified traveler from TO
Nice hotel with excellent location.Posted Nov 27, 2016
Pros: location and room
Location: shopping, museums, universities...
Stay was comfortable and convenient. Hotel staff seemed to be dedicated to keep clients satisfied. Big shout to Naim at the concierge desk as he had superb restaurant recommendations. Room heat was not working, but team was able to replace the heater within an hour. Small inconvenience but was resolved quickly. Would have been nice if they did not charge the negligible 2 x pop charges due to above but not a big deal. As an Expedia VIP member, a 10% spa coupon was presented. Did not use the spa and thus cannot comment.
by A verified traveler from Barrie, ON
Convenient location, immaculate room. Nice staff!Posted Nov 26, 2016
Pros: Location, clean, comfortable and friendly.
Location: 2 blocks from Bell Centre. Nice walk to Sherbrooke Street for museums, etc.
Overall, a great stay. We were in town for a hockey game and the location was perfect. We were on the 8th floor overlooking Rene-Levesque Boulevard. This is a very busy street with traffic noise most of the night. If you prefer a quieter stay, ask for a higher floor and/or a room away from this side of the building. The interior of the hotel was quiet enough with very little banging shut of doors. Room furnishings were clean and comfortable. Putting your room key card into a slot to activate lights, etc is a funky, environmental little touch that we liked. Also it made sure you knew where the key card was at all times! Staff were very welcoming and helpful. We would definitely stay here again.
by A verified traveler
Weekend CanadienPosted Nov 21, 2016
Temperature de la chambre incontrollable . Tapis de la chambre très sale .
by A verified traveler from Québec
Posted Nov 14, 2016
Bien situé; moderne. Restaurant la Coupole agréable pour déjeuner; service impeccable.
by A verified traveler
Posted Nov 11, 2016
excellent location, quality, ambience and staff.
by A verified traveler from Pawtucket, United States of America
Very Satisfying StayPosted Oct 31, 2016
Location: Just a few blocks walking distance from the main commercial thoroughfare in Montreal.
As gold status members we were upgraded to a suite at no cost. We loved to pool and the hot tub with a view of Mont Royal. Although the check-out time was earlier than expected (11 am, not noon) and not extended past the deadline, we were able to leave the car with the valet till 4 pm at no additional cost.
by A verified traveler
Gute Lage, Hotel in dieser Kategorie enttäuschtPosted Oct 24, 2016
Location: Hotel liegt zentral Nahe der Shoppingmeile, auch wer gerne ins Stadion zum Eishockey oder Konzertbesuch geht hat hier nur ein paar Minuten zu Fuß
Das Crystal ist zentral und guenstig gelegen, in der Kategorie (5* Boutique Hotel) allerdings von der Ausstattung & Service enttäuschend. Die Zimmer sind eher farblos und teilweise abgewohnt (z.B. Teppich, Bad) - man hätte die Gäste auch vor Anreise über umfangreiche Bautätigkeit in der direkten Nachbarschaft informieren können und sollen und hier vielleicht auch ein "Goodie" anbieten können. Das vielgepriesene Bistro La Coupole ist von der Qualität der Speisen und auch vom Service eher mittelmäßig und der Service unaufmerksam. Auch war die schöne Terrasse, auf die wir uns insbesondere für das Frühstück schon sehr gefreut hatten geschlossen und von den Gästen nicht nutzbar
by A verified traveler from Palm Desert, CA
Nice LocationPosted Oct 22, 2016
A top class hotel in the center of the city with lots of activities, shopping and restaurants all within easy walking distance. Montreal is a fantastic city to visit .


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Bandai Hobby Real Grade 1/144-Scale 00 Raiser "Gundam 00" Model Kit
FREE Shipping on Domestic US Orders
Utilizing real world technology to interpret the futuristic elements of the Gundam universe, the Real Grade series presents its version of the 00 Raiser from the Gundam 00 animated series. The iconic GN drives which act as both an energy transmission and propulsion system are modeled on the designs of the high voltage power transmission lines and propulsion systems found on real world exploration satellites. The 0 Raiser support craft has been remodeled with a more angular design to resemble the linear form of a stealth fighter while weapons and attachments feature design aesthetics based on real specifications of actual aircraft.
Availability: In Stock


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The Meaning of SK8TER
You have found the definitive source for the meaning of SK8TER. This page contains all the definitions of SK8TER, crowd sourced, moderated and curated by real people who care about the true definitions of SK8TER.
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The most popular meaning of SK8TER is: skater
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text:
Ageing financiers27 Aug 2006
Take a Financial News trial today:
- Breaking industry news & commentary
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Comment: Warren Buffet, who turns 76 next week, famously told shareholders in Berkshire Hathaway that in the event of his death, he has laid out a succession plan in a sealed envelope in his office, where the first instruction is to take his pulse again.
The titans of US finance seem to live in inspiring defiance of mortality.
Only in the US would Felix Rohatyn be hired as senior adviser to the chairman and chief executive of Lehman Brothers at 78.
James Wolfensohn, who will be 73 at the end of the year, was snapped up last year to advise Citigroup.
In the UK, non-executive directors are kicked out at 65.
The key is to distinguish between energy, which executives need to run a big organisation, and wisdom, which they need to steer it. Judgement can be more valuable than vigour.


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Robin Williams' Wife: He 'Was Losing His Mind, And He Was Aware Of It'
Susan Schneider Williams wrote a letter detailing the time leading up to Williams' death in 2014.By Lindsey Pulse | October 2, 2016
Susan Schneider Williams, widow of Robin Williams, is speaking out about her experience with Lewy body dementia — the disease that led to her husband's suicide.
"Looking back, I see that weekend, that time frame, as really the beginning of what became just a firestorm of symptoms that started raining down on Robin," Schneider Williams said during a podcast interview with Dr. Ted Burns.
In an open letter, Schneider Williams wrote of the years leading up to her husband's death and what she calls "the terrorist" inside his head.


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Enjoy $20 off on refurbished iPad 2 16GB Verizon WiFi MC755LL/A! Expired on: Sep 18, 2015
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Home | Submit a file | New | Categories | RSS Feeds | Blog
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"Donation Organizer Pro" snapshot
Donation Organizer Pro is a flexible database management software with ready to use donation management solution. Our software gives you an easy way to manage, track, and organize data of a small fundraising organization.
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Windows 7/Vista/XP/2000/Server/95/98
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Description from the Publisher
Donation Organizer Pro is a flexible database management software with ready to use donation management solution. Our software gives you an easy way to manage, track, and organize data of a small fundraising organization. For the database novice, Organizer's intuitive interface and ready-to-use donation management solutions make it easy to set up and use.
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EU official calls for more urgency in clearing talks
A senior European Commission official has said that global authorities need to focus on finalising their regulatory reform efforts to ensure that the collapse of a clearing house does not cause the next financial crisis.
Speaking at the Financial Industry Association Europe's International Derivatives Expo in London on Wednesday morning, Patrick Pearson, the head of the financial market infrastructure unit at the European Commission, said that key areas of how clearing houses react in a default remain undecided.
He said: "Try as we may to prevent the build-up of excessive risk, we must start looking at, and be prepared for, the possibility that a globally important CCP could enter into default in the future. We're working on this, and we're looking to propose legislation in Europe within the next months, before the end of the year."
Clearing houses, also known as central counterparties or CCPs, act as the middlemen in derivatives trades, positioning themselves between both sides of a transaction and assuming the default risk for each counterparty. Their use has been greatly expanded through a 2009 G20 mandate, which stated that all standardised over-the-counter derivatives trades should be centrally cleared.
Over the last 25 years, crises have occurred with varying degrees of severity every six years, Pearson said.
This gave regulators only a limited time to hammer out operational and regulatory responses to disaster scenarios such as the default of a CCP.
"We have a very short time window to agree on how we do things and how we operate before these catastrophic events come around — a short window of time to understand how we do things in terms of who we pick up the phone to, who takes these decisions," he said.
"We won't have the luxury to agree in that catastrophic event. We have to use that short timeframe we have to cooperate."
Pearson characterised the ongoing discussions between the US and European Union over clearing reforms as positive and productive, and said that he was "absolutely convinced" that an agreement over recognising each other's rules would be forged soon.
But he said that other problems remain over the safety of clearing houses, such as which mechanism to use if one gets into difficulties. All of the measures currently proposed have shortcomings, he said.
Large contributions to default funds by clearing houses – known as skin in the game – might remove the risk incentives for clearing members such as banks and brokers, and change the profile of the CCP from a risk operator to a risk taker, he said.
Likewise, clearing members cannot be expected to prop up a clearing house indefinitely, particularly as they are subject to capital requirements under the Basel III regulation, and have to measure their risk exposure accordingly.
Pearson also hit out at calls for a public bail-out of CCPs, despite recent assertions from experts that this would be inevitable in a crunch scenario. Taxpayers would baulk at giving funds to a market infrastructure that nobody had heard of, he said.
He said the central debate in Brussels surrounds loss allocation, or what he termed "spreading the misery".
"Who's going to pay? The CCP, the clearing members, the clients? It's not going to be the taxpayers. So somewhere, someone has to stump up the money," he said.
To illustrate the severity of the situation, he said he has two napkins in his office on which two CCP operators had written quick calculations over lunch to show how much capital would be required to shore up a clearer once the default fund, initial margin and member assessments had all been used up if two of the largest clearing members fail. The numbers, he said, run to "nine zeroes".


text: Wes Walker is a rapper and DJ from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania who graduated from Temple University with a degree in media studies and production. He was signed with Atlantic Records. In the summer of 2015 he released his first mixtape, Next Rookie of the Year, as a free download, filled with samples and crude lyrics as Walker rapped over catchy trap beats with a nasally delivery reminiscent of a young Eminem or Drake. He released the video for "Pop the Fuck Off," a track from th... Read more


text:
Credit watchdog Moody's downgraded the debt backing J. Crew to "Caa2" from "B3."
Despite decades of enforcement, labor investigators keep turning up violations in garment shops in California.
Renzi acknowledged the result of the exit polls following the referendum on Sunday, which showed the "no front" ahead almost 60 percent.
Butterfly Beauty, the beauty firm founded by Robin Burns-McNeill earlier this year, has tapped Maureen Case as general manager.
Michelle Ryan spent more than 15 years at L'Oréal prior to joining the salon products brand.
Koons receives the Trophée des Arts award and Agon is awarded the Pilier d'Or.
The event raised more than $2 million for the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, founded by Evelyn Lauder.
The management position is intended to strengthen the growing market in the US and Canada.


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1117 Francis Street, Stevens Point WI 54481 $105,000
Features of 1117 Francis Street Stevens Point WI 54481
- Multi-Family
- Status: Active
- Total Number of Units: 2
- Garage Size: 2.0
- Garage Type: 2 Car
- Est. Year Built: 1910
- Estimated Age: 21+ Years
- Est. Lot Size: .18 acres
- School District: Stevens Point
- High School: Stevens Point
- County: Portage
- Property Taxes: $1,846
- Property Tax Year: 2015
- Listing Company: Coldwell Banker The Real Estate Group,inc
- Listing Agent: Team Northwood
Property Description for 1117 Francis Street Stevens Point WI 54481
1117 Francis Street Stevens Point WI 54481 - Window A/C. 2/2 Bedroom Units. Rec Room In Lower Level. Washers & Dryers For Each Unit. 2 Car Garage. Fireplace In Lower Apartment. No Refrigerator In Unit 1.
Interior Features
- Heating/Cooling: Forced Air
- Water Waste: Master Meter, Municipal Sewer, Municipal Water
- Appliances Included: Dryer, Range/Oven, Refrigerator, Washer
Building and Construction
- 1.5 Story, Duplex
- Roof: Shingle
- Exterior: Porch
- Construction Type: E
Land Features
- Waterfront/Access: N
- Lot Size: .18 acres
|MLS Number
|New Status
|Previous Status
|Activity Date
|New List Price
|Previous List Price
|Sold Price
|Oct 25 2016 11:09AM
|Aug 15 2016 5:09PM
Estimated Monthly Payment
Make An Appointment
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Receive more detailed information on this propertyAsk a Question
Community Homes Near 1117 Francis Street
Buyer understands that the information which is contained on Data pages is obtained from a number of different sources and which has not been independently verified or confirmed by the various real estate brokers and agents who have been and are involved in this transaction. If any particular measurement or data element is important or material to buyer, Buyer assumes all responsibility and liability to research, verify and confirm said data element and measurement. REALTOR *MLS* Equal Housing Opportunity


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Kiwanis Club Of Kirkland Names Everyday Hero/
Periodically the Kiwanis Club of Kirkland recognizes individuals who go above and beyond in helping make our community a better place for everyone. This time the club was particularly pleased to recognize one of their own members, Mark Tillman.
Since 2008, Mark has assumed overall responsibility for the KITH Community Suppers which are held every Tuesday evening at Holy Spirit Lutheran Church in Kirkland. Each week throughout the year, Mark coordinates and oversees various church groups and other organizations who volunteer to provide nutritious meals for less fortunate families in Kirkland.
In addition to providing wholesome food, the community suppers periodically include activities for children and young people, including back-to-school assistance, as well as an annual Christmas program.
It's a real credit to Mark that he makes the time and puts in the effort --- week after week --- to ensure that those less fortunate have at least one bright, happy moment of enjoyment in their week.
Mark Tillman is truly an Everyday Hero.
KITH stands for Kirkland Interfaith Transitions in Housing, and has been helping families on the greater eastside since 1989. For more information on KITH, you can visit their website at: http://www.kithcares.org/index.htm or contact the Kiwanis Club of Kirkland at Kirkland.kiwanis.org.


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$100.00 1 month ago
BMX Eastern Traildigger 20in - $100 (Waterloo)
Eastern Traildigger 20 inch BMX bike. $100 obo. Text me with any questions.
1 month ago
Waterloo, IA
$225.00 1 month ago
2010 Eastern Traildigger 24" - $225
This is a raffle bike I won but have two others. Its a nice cruiser and rides smooth
1 month ago
San Antonio, TX
$320.00 2 months ago
eastern traildigger 26inch 2010 bmax - $320 (fresno)
I have a 26" eastern traildigger from 2010. original owner bought brand new. Not a ton of ride time on it, my son got a bike so I wanted one too but never really rode it much so I decided to sell it. been to woodward and Mosqueda a few times, so it has some scratches but nothing major. It has a fit bike co. seat on it, and super light aluminum bars. Has a brand new headset. I paid over 400 brand n
2 months ago
Fresno, CA
$200.00 2 months ago
Up for sale is an Eastern Bike Company TRAILDIGGER.This bike is limited edition purple. This bike get commentsAll the time at the bike park. You may not ever see this colorTRAILDIGGER ever. All original excellent condition and needs nothing.Available with or without brakes. Asking $200.00Text only Jake
2 months ago
Scranton, PA
$399.00 3 months ago
$399 obo Barely used 2011 Eastern TrailDigger - $399 (Mechanicsburg)
This bike i bought brand new from easterns site and had i professionally put together by local bike shop. The bike is in great condition. I am asking $450. Contact me at
3 months ago
Harrisburg, PA
$240.00 3 months ago
Eastern TrailDigger Bmx Rarely Used. - $240 (st george)
I am selling my Eastern. I rarely ever used this bike. Changed the seat out for a better one and the pedals for metal ones. Great bike, strong frame, solid goose neck, Any question call or text. FIRM on 240.
3 months ago
St. George, UT
$300.00 4 months ago
Eastern Traildigger - $300
Eastern Traildigger in good condition. Some modifications made:Straight Cable rear brake. Width of handlebars has been narrowed.Upgraded rear tire. Custom chain.
4 months ago
Pueblo, CO
$300.00 4 months ago
New-EASTERN 'TRAILDIGGER' - $300 (North Oaks)
"As in the MONSTER TRUCK GRAVE DIGGER- this is TRAIL DIGGER.Parents- this bike will get all ur chores done around the house, this is a Pro- level BMX for $100 cheaper than the stores. New!!!!Gorgeous Girls/ Boys BMX.SERIOUS PRO LEVEL PARK/STREET MACHINE!Your child will be the envy of the neighborhood.The bike is NEW and needs only a rider.3 piece SEALED cranks.Geared 9/25.Black/ PURPLE ANO.Uses: r
4 months ago
Minneapolis, MN
$180.00 4 months ago
2009 Eastern Traildigger 20in Bmx Bike - $180 (Middletown)
Eastern traildigger bmx bike, 20in wheels, fun bike super light, just put new tubes in it and new chain, also have an extra tube to go with the bike, make me an offer.
4 months ago
Jersey Shore, NJ
$100.00 5 months ago
Eastern traildigger BMX - $100 (Morrisville mo)
Nice bike.. never ride it.. tires are good. Just need her gone. One of the cranks has a weld in it. Decent bike. As is. No trades. 100 firm
5 months ago
Springfield, MO
$150.00 6 months ago
Eastern Traildigger BMX - $150 hide this posting restore this posting
Bought brand new a few years back. Front tire won't hold air. Steel pedals. Nice bike, I don't ride anymore.
6 months ago
Glens Falls, NY
$300.00 6 months ago
Eastern Traildigger - $300 hide this posting restore this posting
Eastern Traildigger in good condition. Some modifications made:Straight Cable rear brake. Width of handlebars has been narrowed.Upgraded rear tire. Custom chain.
6 months ago
Pueblo, CO
$200.00 6 months ago
2010 Eastern Traildigger - $200 hide this posting restore this posting
Great bike hate to get rid of it but need the $. 200.00 Obo... needs new chain
6 months ago
Springfield, MO
$130.00 6 months ago
20" Eastern Traildigger - $130 (Bonsall) hide this posting restore this posting
This bicycle is not your average piece of machinery. With 25/9 micro-drive gearing, these wheels have been on more adventures then your great grandpa. A jumble of parts so wise, you could ask it for relationship advise. She has a bit more character (scratches) then your typical pretty boy road bike, but not to worry, the ol girl remains solid at the drop. Not only can it provide you with efficient
6 months ago
San Diego, CA
$200.00 10 months ago
Eastern traildigger - $200
Great condition Hardly rode200 oboFrame: 4130 ChromolyFork: Frame: 4130 Chromoly; 35mm offsetGrips: Eastern RibletHeadset: Sealed bearing; 45/45 integratedFront Rim: Double wall alloy; 36 holeRear Rim: Double wall alloy; 36 holeFront Hub: Sealed bearing; 36 hole alloy shell; 3/8" Chromoly axleRear Hub: Fully sealed 36 hole cassette hub; Forged alloy shell; 1pc 9T chromoly driver, 14mm; Chromoly ax
10 months ago
Las Vegas, NV
$400.00 10 months ago
eastern traildigger - $400 (south jersey)
eastern traildigger pretty much all custom, demolition rims with shadow raptor hubs front and back pretty solid bike. 400obo or trade for iPhone 6 or anything else cool
10 months ago
South Jersey, NJ
$100.00 10 months ago
Eastern Traildigger 20" - $100 (Peru)
Used Eastern Traildigger bmx bike. It is in good condition and is ride-able. Tires are not dry rotted, both hold air, new tube in rear. Grips are brand new. $100 firm. Cash is king, possble trade for honda atc parts, bang or am mo Text 7 six5 9nine 3 0O one4
10 months ago
Kokomo, IN
Contact Us 1 year ago
Eastern traildigger bmx bike - $200
not sure of year, pretty sure its a 2012 though. the bike is in good shape, with a few minor scratches and dings. contact for pictures.
1 year ago
Glens Falls, NY
Contact Us
$250.00 1 year ago
Eastern Traildigger BMX - $250 (Bay Village)
Used bike but still in great shape. Price can be negotiated down from $250. Back brakes only. Gyro included. Two pegs.
1 year ago
Cleveland, OH
$220.00 1 year ago
Eastern traildigger - $220 (Muncie)
I have an eastern traildigger in great condition. It has been taken very well care of and kept inside it's whole life. I believe this is the 2008 21.5 inch model.This bike has aftermarket FBM bars and bar ends as well as animal grips that have barley any wear. I also added a diatech liner back brake very recently as well that I spent 50 bucks on alone. This is a great bike for bmx as well as dirt
1 year ago
Muncie, IN


text:
Check in from 14h / Check out prior to 11h
Lancaster House Hotel Blackpool: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 3 stars hotels in Blackpool, United Kingdom.
Conveniently located in the middle of the town, this 3-star hotel makes for an ideal base in Blackpool. It is steps from Blackpool Football Club, eateries and nightlife options.
Hotel description
There are 13 modern rooms at Lancaster House Hotel Blackpool, each offering all the necessities to ensure a comfortable stay.
Sample a selection of French and British dishes at Lancaster House Hotel Blackpool's modern restaurant, before enjoying a refreshing drink at the bar.
Blackpool's well-known attractions and landmarks are within close proximity to the hotel, with Bloomfield Road only a short walk away. Guests can also easily visit Blackpool Tower and Central Pier Blackpool.
Hotel features
Availability and Prices
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Sunrise Avenue Hotel
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The Inglewood Sea Front Hotel Blackpool
419 Promenade, Blackpool
419 Promenade, Blackpool
Bridges Guesthouse
10 General Street, Blackpool
10 General Street, Blackpool
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11/14/2016Job Posted | Columbia University, Director of Summer Sessions, Inter-Terms, Visiting Student, and Post-Baccalaureate Programs
11/10/2016Position Avail - UCSB Director of Summer Sessions
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12.8 miles away
American Express warmly welcomed
5' x 10' unit
10' x 10' unit
14.7 miles away
8.2 miles away
12.9 miles away
The biggest factor when it comes to storage unit pricing in Canastota is size.
Below are some montly price ranges you can expect to see in Canastota based on different storage unit sizes.
The overall average price of a storage unit in Canastota is $23.
Of those who rented self-storage in Canastota, most booked a 10x10 storage unit.
View all the 10x10 units that are available in Canastota.
How does seasonality affect Canastota storage prices?
Storage prices in Canastota tend to be somewhat volatile when compared to other cities. Prices can vary by about 0.00 monthly depending on the time of year. Canastota storage prices are highest in November, and lowest in November.


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Home » Jobs » Transportation & Travel » Driver Needed » Ad ID: 29252
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Need a code EB (8) driver with a one ton bakkie to doing transport of small items country wide.
For more info contact Johan
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IOI has released the first performance video for "Very Very Very"!
The stage was first revealed on the girls' comeback special show that they had on Mnet, and fans were able to see the girls meet with J.Y. Park, practice choreography, and much more. One of the special gifts of the show as to see the girls performing, so you can get a feel for how the choreography will be like.
Check out the stage above!


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