text:
Home /
Our Sources / About Us
/ FAQs /
Advanced Search
Not what you're
looking for? Try an advanced search.
Official citation and/or docket number and footnotes (if any) for this case available with purchase.
Learn more about what you receive with purchase of this case.
filed: November 4, 1983.
No. 103 Harrisburg, 1981, No. 104 Harrisburg, 1981, Appeal from Orders of the Court of Common Pleas, Orphans Court Division, of Juniata County at No. 34-77-67.
Robert W. Costigan, Philadelphia, for appellants.
James B. Kozloff, Philadelphia, for Juniata Bank, participating party.
John C. Garner, Philadelphia, for White, et al., participating parties.
Cavanaugh, Beck and Montemuro, JJ. Montemuro, J., files dissenting opinion.
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 104]
The instant appeal is from an order of the court below dismissing exceptions to an order granting the petition of Juniata Valley Bank to resign as trustee and denying the petition of a beneficiary under the trust to remove Raymond White as an individual trustee. In order to put the
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 105]
two petitions in the court below in proper focus, the history of the trust must be reviewed. The inter vivos trust in question was established by C.A. White and his wife, Flo B. White, in 1965 for the benefit primarily of their thirteen grandchildren. The trustees named in the deed of trust were settlor, C.A. White (now deceased), his two sons, J. Nevin White and Raymond White, his son-in-law, Roy A. Wingate, and the Juniata National Valley Bank (now the Juniata Valley Bank). The principal assets of the trust were two tracts of timberland totaling over three thousand acres. The trust agreement provided for the establishment of separate trusts for each grandchild who was to receive income while the trust remained in existence. Principal distribution was to be made to each grandchild as follows: one-half when he reached the age of twenty-five and the balance of principal at age thirty. Appropriate provisions were made in the event of the death of a grandchild prior to complete distribution of principal.
Over the years a conflict developed in investment policies between Juniata Valley Bank and Raymond White which culminated in 1980 with Raymond's threat to sue the bank unless it resigned. As a result of these disputes the Juniata Valley Bank and Roy A. Wingate petitioned the court to resign as trustees. Subsequently, a petition was filed by one of the beneficiaries under the trust requesting that Raymond White show cause why he should not be removed as trustee.
The Orphans' Court may remove a trustee under the authority of the Probate, Estates and Fiduciaries Code, Act of June 30, 1972, P.L. 508, No. 164, 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3182 when interests of the trust are likely to be jeopardized by the continuation of the trustee in office.*fn1 Removal of a trustee is a drastic action and proof of the need of this remedy must be clear. Croessant Estate, 482 Pa. 188, 393
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 106]
A.2d 443 (1978). Nevertheless, "[w]hile the removal of a trustee is a matter resting largely within the discretion of the court having jurisdiction over the trust, it is equally clear that an abuse of discretion renders its exercise subject to review." Crawford's Estate, 340 Pa. 187, 190, 16 A.2d 521, 523 (1940). See also Croessant Estate, supra; Scientific Living, Inc. v. Hohensee, 440 Pa. 280, 270 A.2d 216 (1970); La Rocca Trust, 419 Pa. 176, 213 A.2d 666 (1965). In our opinion a review of the history of the trust reveals that the court below abused its discretion in denying the petition to remove Raymond White as a trustee. In recent years Raymond was insistent that the trust engage in speculative investments notwithstanding that they would not produce income for the beneficiaries and involved substantial risks. His basis for investments such as gold, foreign coins and puts and calls was that he had made a great deal of money in speculating and saw no reason that the trust should not invest in like manner with trust assets.*fn2 He apparently saw no difference between risking his own money in speculative ventures and risking the assets of the trust.
It is clear that a mere error of judgment is not grounds for removal of a trustee. "All that the courts require of a trustee is common skill, common prudence and common caution." Barnes' Estate, 339 Pa. 88, 94, 14 A.2d 274, 276 (1940). In this case Raymond manifested lack of common caution and prudence and the Juniata Valley Bank alone acted as a restraining force on his desires to speculate. Raymond wanted to buy canned food as an investment and store it. He was interested in buying wheat, corn, oats and other commodities as well as livestock. He pressured the bank as trustee to invest in
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 107]
foreign currencies such as Swiss francs and German marks. His justification was ". . . I own Swiss francs and German marks today, and have for years. And I have broken no laws and see that I'm breaking no laws by owning them. And I've doubled my money in many of them. And I do not count it as a poor investment or risky investment." (Emphasis added).
The court below correctly pointed out that "it is probably true the bank exerted the most influence in deterring improprieties" and the dissent accepts this assessment of the situation.*fn3 In this regard, with respect to Raymond's desires for the trust to go far beyond the range of what would be considered reasonable and proper trust investments, his counsel on appeal states in the appellate brief:
Finally, even if Raymond has not learned as much about trust law as might be hoped, he is nevertheless only one of three co-trustees. While it is clear that the Bank exerted the most control in overriding Raymond's suggestions, there is no evidence in the record that Raymond was able to bully the remaining two co-trustees as alleged by the appellants.*fn4 (Emphasis added).
Based on past performance, Raymond's continuation in the role of trustee will likely be adverse to the best interest of the trust. His desire to involve the trust in unorthodox and speculative investments is undoubtedly based on his belief that the trustees were vested with almost unlimited and absolute power under the deed of trust to do what they
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 108]
wanted with trust property. One example is his stated belief that the trustees could value the timberland, the main asset in the trust, at any figure they wanted whether for sale or with respect to principal distribution. He was of the opinion that even if they valued the land at a dollar, although it might be a ridiculous valuation, they had the power to do so.*fn5 His beliefs concerning speculative investments continued notwithstanding the objection of his co-trustee, Juniata Valley Bank, based on an opinion letter of its counsel. The opinion letter stated in part that: "[t]he governing instrument in this case gives the trustees a broad power to invest and reinvest in such investments as they deem best for the beneficiaries and the trust. Nevertheless, the provision does not go so far as specifically to permit speculative investments, especially when considered
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 109]
with the stated purpose of the trust which is to provide 'regular income' for the settlor's grandchildren." The law firm concluded that the proposed investments by Raymond for the trust in copper pennies and lumber would not be proper trust investments because they probably would be deemed speculative.
An example of proposed self dealing by the individual co-trustees, Raymond and Nevin White, is illustrated in Raymond's desire to purchase lumber from Nevin for the trust. The bank would not agree to this as it believed it involved self dealing and a breach of trust. With respect to this transaction Raymond testified:
Q. Now you brought that proposition to bank?
A. We more than brought it to the bank; it was agreed on. The trustees all agreed on it in my recollection and the Trust Committee put a stop to it. They vetoed it, as they vetoed dozens and dozens of things on this trust.
Q. Did they tell you why they vetoed that particular --
A. Yes, the very same thing as Mr. Groninger was trying to explain to you.
Q. What is that?
A. That it wasn't lawful. And I'd like to know under what laws and whose. You're an attorney, you might tell me; I'll listen.
Q. Was it ever explained to you that this is a form of self-dealing and it might be illegal on that basis?
A. The price was at the market price and was not considered illegal and I consider it not illegal, and the trust is so written. If you will get the trust out and read -- Please read to the people here what it says about self-dealing. Would you get those paragraphs and read it?
Q. Mr. White, you can do your own reading --
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 110]
A. That's right, I can do my own reading but I can't do my own thinking.*fn6
The record reflects that the two individual trustees would have gone along with Raymond concerning his intention to buy lumber from his brother, a co-trustee, and his desire to buy gold. Raymond testified:
Q. Are you saying that three of the four trustees would vote in favor of something and then the bank just would not do it?
A. That's exactly right. The three trustees voted in favor of the lumber and there was no lumber bought; and they voted in favor of the gold and there was no gold bought.
It was incongruous for the court below to recognize that the bank acted very properly in not approving Raymond's speculative investments and that it was most influential in "deterring improprieties" and then deny the petition to remove Raymond as a trustee and allow the bank to resign as trustee. The bank was in reality the only restraining influence on Raymond and it was his threat to sue the bank, if it did not resign, that triggered the bank's resignation. Raymond's conduct was directed more to obtaining the bank's acquiescence in his demands then in furthering the interests of the trust. Further, while Raymond wanted the trust to invest in assets that he as an individual could very properly invest in, no matter what the risk, they were not suitable as trust investments. The court below erred in denying the petition to remove Raymond as a trustee.
The second aspect of this case that is very troubling is the order of March 19, 1981 approving the resignation of
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 111]
Juniata Valley Bank.*fn7 This aspect of the case must be considered in light of the court's permitting Raymond to continue as a trustee knowing full well that the corporate fiduciary was the only reason that Raymond did not invest in assets which were unsuitable for a trust. The primary reason for the bank's resignation was Raymond's threat to bring suit if it did not resign. In our opinion the court below abused its discretion in permitting the bank to resign in these circumstances. The bank's presence as a trustee is clearly more beneficial to the trust than Raymond's continuing as a trustee. The settlor, C.A. White, had been president of the Juniata Valley Bank and during his lifetime was insistent that the bank continue as corporate fiduciary. A meeting was held in May, 1980, between Raymond White and his brother Nevin White and the bank's officers responsible for the administration of the trust. Mr. Groninger, a director of the bank and member of the trust committee, was present at the meeting and told Raymond and Nevin about their father's wishes. Mr. Groninger testified as follows:
Q. And what was it you told them at that time?
A. Their father had come to me individually -- and other bank directors, but he talked to us individually and made us commit to him that we would never resign, and stay in and represent the grandchildren in the future to the best of the bank's ability under the laws of banking, and I made him that pledge some years ago.
Q. When you say their father, are you referring to C.A. White?
A. C.A. White, yes. (Emphasis added).
Mr. Groninger further testified:
Q. You mentioned that Mr. White was on the board --
A. He was president at the time.
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 112]
Q. Of the Juniata Bank?
A. Right. When the bank had actually considered resigning some years back.
Q. Were you on the board of the bank at that time?
A. I was on the board of the bank at that time. And he talked to individual members of the bank to not vote in favor of getting rid of his trust.
Q. Did he explain to you why he did not want the bank to resign at that time?
A. No, anymore than he had a lot of faith in the bank; he was president of the bank --
The settlor had great confidence in the corporate fiduciary and his confidence was well placed until the bank resigned as a result of Raymond's harassment and threats to sue. The court below erred in interpreting the deed of trust as expressly allowing any trustee to resign. The deed provided:
The Trustees shall have the power to appoint their Successor Trustees. If any of the Trustees named herein shall die, resign, become incapacitated, or refuse to act further as Trustee hereunder, without having appointed a Successor Trustee, the other Trustees named herein may, but shall not be required to, appoint a Successor Trustee . . ."
Juniata Valley Bank could not resign based solely on the terms of the trust, as the trust agreement did not give a trustee the absolute right to resign. The court below erroneously decided that the deed of trust gave the bank the right to resign. Therefore, it did not really exercise any discretion in permitting resignation since it felt that resignation was allowed by the terms of the deed of trust. Discretion cannot be exercised by a court unless it recognizes that it has discretion to act in a particular situation. See Louis v. Clark, 227 Pa. Super. 547, 323 A.2d 298 (1974). The court below indicated that the beneficiaries might well have cause for concern that the corporate fiduciary, the one trustee with no personal interest in the lumber business,
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 113]
was going to be out of the picture, but felt that this was not enough reason to deny the bank's petition to resign. This conclusion is unwarranted especially in view of the denial of the petition to remove Raymond White as trustee.
The court below and appellee, Juniata Valley Bank, relied on Nixon's Estate, 235 Pa. 27, 83 A. 687 (1912) to support the contention that Juniata Valley Bank was properly allowed to resign. In Nixon's Estate, supra, an individual trustee was permitted to resign over objections of an income beneficiary. The Supreme Court stated at 235 Pa. 30, 83 A. 688:
The general rule is that a trustee may relieve himself from the liabilities arising from a trust relation by submitting the administration of the trust to the jurisdiction of the court. In our State the right of a trustee to be discharged is recognized by statutes which provide the method of procedure. Appellant has complied with the statutory requirements and has done everything that the law requires to be done antecedently to the asking of a discharge. There may be, and no doubt there are, cases in which a court would be justified in refusing a discharge, as where there has not been an accounting, or where the trustee on account of benefits, accruing to himself had undertaken to do certain things, or for other sufficient reasons, the time had not arrived for the termination of the trust relation. But we see nothing of this character in the present case.
There is nothing in this record to indicate that the remaining trustees are not fully competent to manage the trust estate, or that they are unwilling to do so. The trust estate will be as safe in their hands as it was in the hands of those who preceded them in its management. The argument that the cestuis que trustent will lose some advantage if the trustee be discharged is without merit. (Emphasis added).
Appellee, Juniata Valley Bank, also relies on Ortlip Trust, 24 Fid.Rep. 109 (Montgomery County 1973) in which the Orphans' Court permitted the resignation of an eighty-five year old trustee who was in failing health, and appointed
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 114]
new trustees. Neither case is controlling in the matter before us. A corporate fiduciary was not involved in Nixon's Estate or Ortlip Trust, and of more importance, there was nothing to indicate that the beneficiaries would be harmed by the discharge of the trustee.
The Probate, Estates and Fiduciaries Code provides that after the confirmation of the final account and distribution to the appropriate parties, a trustee may be discharged by the court from further liability. 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3184, 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 7121(3). The Restatement (Second) of Trusts deals with the situation in which a trustee may resign and provides in Section 106:
§ 106 Resignation of Trustee.
A trustee who has accepted the trust cannot resign except,
(a) with permission of the proper court; or
(b) in accordance with the terms of the trust; or
(c) with the consent of all the beneficiaries, if they have the capacity to give such consent.
The corporate trustee was not entitled to resign on the basis of the Restatement (Second) of Trusts, Section 106(b) or (c) and we must determine if the court properly granted permission to resign. Comment (c) to Section 106 of the Restatement (Second) of Trusts states in part: "It is within the discretion of the court whether to allow a trustee to resign. Ordinarily a trustee will be allowed to resign if such resignation will not be unduly detrimental to the administration of the trust, particularly if it would be unduly burdensome to the trustee to compel him to act as a trustee." (Emphasis added). As stated in A.W. Scott, II, The Law of Trusts § 106.1 (3rd Edition, 1967) page 838: "It is within the sound discretion of the court whether or not to permit [the Trustee] to resign . . . [b]ut where it would be disadvantageous to the administration of the trust, the court may refuse the trustee permission to resign." (Emphasis added). The resignation of Juniata Valley Bank as trustee cannot be other than detrimental to this trust. The bank made a commitment to the settlor to continue as
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 115]
trustee. While this standing alone would not preclude its resignation, it is a factor to be considered.*fn8 In addition, the reluctance of the bank to serve as trustee should no longer exist upon the removal of Raymond as a trustee. In this case, it may well be disastrous to the trust to retain Raymond as a trustee and permit the Juniata Valley Bank to resign.*fn9 We believe the court below manifestly abused its discretion in allowing this. The best interest of the beneficiaries of this trust require that Juniata Valley Bank continue as a trustee and that Raymond White be removed as a trustee.
An appeal was also taken from the order of the court below of March 9, 1981, directing the trustees to pay counsel fee to Arthur A. Kusic, Esq., attorney for Raymond E. White and J. Nevin White in the amount of $12,759.39. In view of our decision, this aspect of the case will be remanded to the court below for further consideration of the appropriateness of payment of counsel fee from principal of the trust in any amount, and to determine the proper amount, if any, to be awarded.
Order granting the petition of Juniata Valley Bank to resign reversed, and order denying petition to remove Raymond E. White as an individual trustee reversed. The order of March 9, 1981, directing payment of counsel fee is reversed and the matter remanded for determination of the proper amount of counsel fee, if any, to be paid.
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 116]
MONTEMURO, Judge, dissenting:
I must respectfully dissent.
We are confronted here with two questions: 1) whether Raymond White should have been removed as a co-trustee, and; 2) whether appellee bank's petition to resign as co-trustee should have been granted. The majority holds that the trial court, in permitting both of the above, abused its discretion. On the basis of the record before us, and keeping ever mindful of our scope of review, I have concluded that the decision of the court below should be affirmed.
Before addressing either of the issues stated above, I should first reiterate, as a preliminary matter, our scope of review. As a reviewing court we are limited to reversing only if there was abuse of discretion or error of law on the part of the trial court. In Re: Croessant, 482 Pa. 188, 393 A.2d 443 (1978); Crawford's Estate, 340 Pa. 187, 16 A.2d 521 (1940).
Title 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3182(5) provides for the removal of a trustee "when the interests of the estate are likely to be jeopardized by his continuance in office." Our Supreme Court has added the following refinements to the statutory scheme. It has long been held that the removal of a fiduciary is a drastic action and that proof of the need for that remedy must be clear. Estate of Croessant, supra; DiMarco Estate, 435 Pa. 428, 257 A.2d 849 (1969); Corr Estate, 358 Pa. 591, 58 A.2d 347 (1948). This is especially so where the trustee has been personally appointed by the settlor. Estate of Croessant, supra; Estate of Nassar, 467 Pa. 325, 356 A.2d 773 (1976). It has been held that where the trustee enjoyed the confidence of the settlor, the power to remove him should only be exercised when the estate is endangered and intervention is necessary to protect the trust property. Holmes' Trust, 392 Pa. 17, 139 A.2d 548 (1958).
Appellants argue vigorously that Raymond White's continued presence as a co-trustee severely jeopardizes the trust assets. In support of their argument they direct the
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 117]
court to testimony of instances where Raymond White has suggested investments in non-income producing property, and urged what appellants would characterize as self-dealing in the trust assets. These instances are thoroughly discussed in the majority opinion. There is no question however of the fact that none of these suggestions has been implemented. If they had been, my conclusion, and probably the conclusion of the trial court, would have been greatly influenced by this fact. I accept the trial court's assessment that ". . . it is probably true the bank exerted the most influence in deterring improprieties . . ." (R. 62a). Nevertheless, I would not require the very drastic remedy of removal for mere suggestions when: 1) there are two other co-trustees capable of resisting and preventing any improprieties, and; 2) the trial court, which had an opportunity to personally hear the testimony of Raymond White and observe his demeanor specifically found that, "Indeed, Raymond has indicated that he now understands the necessity of first securing court approval for the policies he formerly advocated." (R. 62a)
I now turn to what I believe is the more difficult issue, whether the appellee bank should be permitted to resign as co-trustee. While there are statutes governing the procedure for resignation, e.g. 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 7121(3), 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3184, there is none which specifically dictates circumstances in which a resignation may or may not be permitted.
The trial court's decision on this issue was abased in large measure on the Restatement (Second) of Trusts. Specifically, section 106 states that:
§ 106 A trustee who has accepted the trust cannot resign except,
Restatement (Second) of Trust § 106 (1959).
Contrary to the majority's assertion that "the court below erroneously decided that the deed of trust gave the bank
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 118]
the right to resign. Therefore, it did not really exercise any discretion in permitting resignation . . .", the court below actually decided that "both subsection a and b, we believe, apply to the instant situation." (R. 62a). We agree with the majority's assessment that the terms of the trust do not expressly allow any trustee to resign, as per subsection (b). In the absence of such a provision, subsection (a) of the restatement indicates that the permission of the proper court must be obtained. The question then becomes, on what basis does a court grant or withhold this permission?
Unfortunately, there is a dearth of case law, at least at the appellate level, on this question. Although I have looked to many of the same authorities as the majority, I would interpret these as suggesting the opposite result. The one appellate case which was cited by all of the parties on this issue, and which was relied on heavily by the trial court is the case of Nixon's Estate, 235 Pa. 27, 83 A. 687 (1912). In the Nixon case, the appellant was one of three co-trustees appointed under the testator's will. After filing a final accounting he applied to the court for a discharge. The lower court refused such application but was reversed on appeal. Specifically, the court stated:
The general rule is that a trustee may relieve himself from the liabilities arising from a trust relation by submitting the administration of the trust to the jurisdiction of the court. In our State the right of a trustee to be discharged is recognized by statutes which provide the method of procedure. Appellant has complied with the statutory requirements and has done everything that the law requires to be done antecedently to the asking of a discharge. There may be, and no doubt there are, cases in which a court would be justified in refusing a discharge, as where there has not been an accounting, or where the trustee on account of benefits accruing to himself had undertaken to do certain things, or for other sufficient reasons, the time had not arrived for the termination of the trust relation.
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 119]
But we see nothing in this record to indicate that the remaining trustees are not fully competent to manage the trust estate, or that they are unwilling to do so. The trust estate will be as safe in their hands as it was in the hands of those who preceded them in its management. The argument that the cestui que trust will lose some advantage if the trustee be discharged is without merit. (Emphasis added).
Nixon, supra 235 Pa. at 30, 83 A. at 688.
Scott has this to say on the resignation of a trustee:
It is within the sound discretion of the court whether or not to permit him [the trustee] to resign. Where the trustee has a good reason for wishing to resign, he will ordinarily be permitted to resign . . ."
Even though the trustee has no special reason for resigning, other than his desire to be relieved of further responsibility in administering the trust, the court will usually give him permission to resign. But where it was to be disadvantageous to the administration of the trust, the court may refuse the trustee permission to resign. (Emphasis added).
A.W. Scott, II The Law of Trusts § 106.1 (3rd ed. 1967) p. 838.
Much in the same spirit is the following from Handbook of the Law of Trusts.
Naturally, a trustee who has accepted a trust but finds that administration of it has become burdensome or not in the interest of the beneficiaries should be able to rid himself of the trust duties . . . . The predominant consideration is the welfare of the beneficiaries.
A reluctant trustee is not desirable.
G.G. Bogert, Handbook of the Law of Trusts, § 31 (1973) p. 103.
Appellants argue that the welfare of the beneficiaries requires the court to refuse appellee bank's resignation. Their arguments on this issue are not lacking in appeal, and I might have been persuaded by them were I acting as a
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 120]
factfinder. This however is not my function here. As was explicitly stated by our court in E.I. duPont de Numours & Co. v. Berm Studios, Inc., 211 Pa. Super. 352, 236 A.2d 555 (1967):
Appellate review of the record of a trial before a judge without a jury is limited to a determination of whether the findings of fact of the court below are supported by competent evidence and whether or not the lower court committed error of law.
E.I. duPont v. Berm, supra, 211 Pa. Superior Ct. at 354, 236 A.2d at 556.
In view of the above standard, it is clear that although appellants' arguments are appealing, they are misdirected. This will be demonstrated by the discussion below.
As is relevant to this issue the trial court specifically found that:
It is correctly pointed out that trustee Raymond White's insistence on certain courses of action has deviated from what this Court would consider to be appropriate courses of action under the law and the instrument of trust. Clearly, the corporate fiduciary was correct in resisting Raymond's forceful suggestions that the trust should invest in gold, silver, pennies to be stored underground until their value increases, puts and calls, canned foods and commodities. The bank was also correct in resisting what appeared to be on at least one occasion a suggestion of self-dealing occur with respect to certain lumber, just as the Bank was correct in taking a contrary position concerning the valuation that could be placed on the share of any given beneficiary.
The controversial investments would have been improper not only because they were speculative, but also because, while they very well may have appreciated in some case substantially in value, they would not have been income producing as such, but rather would have amounted to increase in capital.
However, Raymond could not act alone and still cannot act alone. While it is probably true the bank exerted the
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 121]
most influence in deterring improprieties there is no reason why the remaining individual trustees cannot in the future cause investment policies to remain within proper boundaries. Indeed, Raymond has indicated that he now understands the necessity of first securing Court approval for policies he formerly advocated. Certainly, there can be no excuse for the remaining trustees to conduct the investment policies of the trust inappropriately. For example, should a situation arise where the trustees deem some degree of self-dealing to be beneficial to the trust, there can be no excuse for failing to bring the plan before the Court for its review prior to implementing it. (R. 61a-62a)
Appellants make five specific assertions or subarguments in regard to this issue. Each will be set forth and disposed of briefly.
Appellants first assert that investments in gold, silver, pennies, puts and calls, foreign currencies, canned foods, commodities and lumber are not proper investments for the C.A. and Flo B. White Trust. Secondly, appellants assert that the trustees of the C.A. White and Flo B. White Trust may not arbitrarily determine valuation of shares for distribution or engage in self-dealing. Certainly these are legally correct statements. See 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 7302 et seq and Trust Agreement (R. 8a-17a). In addition, it cannot seriously be disputed that co-trustee Raymond White has suggested these measures in the past. There is no evidence however that such improprieties have in fact occurred. In the absence of any case law requiring that the suggestion of improprieties on the part of one co-trustee is a circumstance in which the court should refuse a petition for resignation on the part of another co-trustee, there is no misapplication of law here.
This being so, resolution of this issue then becomes a question of credibility. Appellants third, fourth and fifth assertions are that Raymond White would continue to suggest such improprieties, that the remaining individual co-trustee would not resist Raymond White's improper suggestions,
[ 321 Pa. Super. Page 122]
and that Raymond White would treat the beneficiaries unfairly. There is competent evidence to the contrary, as careful examination of the record has indicated. (See e.g. R. 186a, R 279a) The trial court had the opportunity to personally observe and examine each of the parties. As the included portions of the trial court's opinion indicate, it decided that the testimony favoring appellee's position was entitled to greater weight, and therefore ruled that the welfare of the beneficiaries was not endangered such that it should refuse appellee bank's petition to resign. We are not in a position as an appellate court to re-determine questions of credibility.
For the above stated reasons, I would hold that appellants have not demonstrated an abuse of discretion as would justify a reversal of the trial court's decision.
I would affirm.
Our website includes the main text of the court's opinion but does not include the
docket number, case citation or footnotes. Upon purchase, docket numbers and/or
citations allow you to research a case further or to use a case in a legal proceeding.
Footnotes (if any) include details of the court's decision.
Official citation and/or docket number and footnotes (if any) for this case available with purchase.
Learn more about what you receive with purchase of this case.
LRC, Inc. About Us


text:
$ 24.99
Entourage Vapor
$ 24.99
Ninjaman was evolutionary, Samuraiman is revolutionary.
Ramune taste (the legendary soda from Japan). It is another one of our all day vape series. Doesn't matter if you like fruity, drink, or desert flavor. It works for everyone.
$ 23.99
MET4 Golden Ticket
$ 23.99
Fresh and creamy strawberry milk. Each 60mL bottle is individually boxed and includes a sample of Native Wicks Platinum Blend cotton!
$ 21.95
$ 21.95
Looper by ANML is the newest addition to ANML's growing e-liquid collection, perfected and made by hand in small batches by Phillip Rocke. Looper carries a remarkably accurate flavor of fruity cereal over creamy milk; it has a complex-yet-immediately-familiar taste that flawlessly balances the crispness of a newly-opened box of fruity cereal with the rich, indulgent flavor of fresh milk.
Phillip Rocke has once again elevated industry standards, re-thinking from the ground up a flavor that is often-duplicated, but never perfected. Juxtaposing a smooth, full-bodied inhale against crisp notes of fruit and milk upon exhale, Looper is a category-killer that stands out in the crowded category of dime-a-dozen desserty cereal juice flavors.
100 Proof Vape Co - Sour Nectar
On sale $ 11.99 $ 7.79
100 Proof Vape Co
100 Proof Vape Co - Sour Nectar
$ 11.99 $ 7.79
Sour Nectar is a perfect fusion of Sour Strawberries and Sweet Kiwis. This is our most Popular E-Liquid.
Emoji Liquids - Watermelon Gummy
On sale $ 11.99 $ 7.79
Emoji Liquids
Emoji Liquids - Watermelon Gummy
$ 11.99 $ 7.79
It was inspired by the candy that many people have come to love and enjoy. Providing a tangy sweet watermelon taste when inhaled while leaving a delightful gummy savor.
Lips & Drips eJuice - Gummy Kisses
$ 27.99
Lips & Drips
Lips & Drips eJuice - Gummy Kisses
$ 27.99
Sticky strawberry gummy
Fat Kid Eliquid - Got Cookies? Strawberry
$ 19.99
Fat Kid Eliquid
Fat Kid Eliquid - Got Cookies? Strawberry
$ 19.99
A strawberry infused sugar cookie seeped in creamy cold milk, vape with caution this may be your next favorite all day vape.
$ 20.99
$ 20.99
You've had peaches and cream before but never like this. Loch Ness brings together peaches cream with a velvety yogurt.
One Hit Wonder eLiquid - The Man
$ 59.99
One Hit Wonder
One Hit Wonder eLiquid - The Man
$ 59.99
One Hit Wonder prides itself in providing the highest quality... and popular vaping products on the market today. The Man is a captivating unique blend of strawberries and cream. You get a refreshing milk cream taste on the inhale, followed by a delicate and subtle sweet taste of fresh strawberries on the exhale. The taste just gets better and better with each vape! There is no doubt why this is the most popular eJuice product on the market today! If you haven't tried The Man, you are definitely missing out. Get yours today.
The Man E-Liquid comes in one 6 oz. plastic squeeze bottle along with 2 empty 15ml plastic unicorn bottles with green caps.
$ 29.99
120 Cream Pop
$ 29.99
Creamy, vanilla bean ice cream and orange sherbet popsicle straight from the ice cream truck!
120 Cream Pop is your favorite summer popsicle all in one bottle. This delightful blend of creamy, vanilla bean ice cream and orange sherbet tastes like it's straight from the ice cream truck! Let your taste buds run wild with this delicious, new all day vape.
Each Box Contains: -120ml Custom Designed unicorn bottle of 120 Cream Pop E-Juice -30ml Custom Designed 120 Cream Pop Unicorn Bottle -One Vinyl 120 Cream Pop 2" x 3.5 Sticker
Specs: Flavor Profile: Creamy, Vanilla Bean Ice Cream and Orange Sherbet Popsicle Straight from the Ice Cream Truck! Bottle Size: 120ml Nic level(s): 0, 3, 6, mg
Hand Crafted in Los Angeles, CA Orange You Glad You Bought 120 Cream Pop?
Mad Hatter Juice - I Love Taffy
On sale $ 29.99 $ 23.99
Mad Hatter Juice
Mad Hatter Juice - I Love Taffy
$ 29.99 $ 23.99
I Love Taffy by Mad Hatter eJuice - Delicious Peach Taffy, Sweet Like Candy!
Mad Hatter Juice - I Love Donuts Too
$ 29.99
Mad Hatter Juice
Mad Hatter Juice - I Love Donuts Too
$ 29.99
Taking an award winner and making it better is not easy, but we at mad hatter juice love flavor. We especially love donuts. I love donuts too brings the qualities of all the best donuts including our original I love donuts, so that you can vape a delicious long lasting flavor all day long. Our donut flavor has the warm aroma and the airy yet dense donut you would expect from the worlds best bakers. Covered in a light coat of sugary powder and hinted with the natural rich taste of blueberries all we can say is, the worlds favorite donut just got madder.
Freshier Doughy Donuts…. Richer Sweeter Blueberries...Sexier Sprinkles

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Robo's on the run! Keep his strength up and help him avoid the explosives that are in his way!
Either scripts and active content are not permitted to run or Adobe Flash Player version
13.0.0 or greater is not installed.
Use your webcam to play this game.
To slide under objects, wave your left hand to activate the Slide button in the webcam screen.
To jump over objects, wave your right hand to activate the Jump button in the webcam screen.
Collect the first aid icons to keep Robo's strength up and jump over or slide under the explosives!
Is this game not working? Any suggestions? Send your comments.


text:
My Leagues
My Teams
North & Central America
South America
Other Competitions
Help: Pro B live on Scoreboard.com. Follow Pro B 2016/2017 page for live scores, final results, fixtures and ladder! Live scores on Scoreboard.com: Here you'll find live scores, quarter- and final results and match history point by point in match details. In addition, Scoreboard.com provides lineups, statistics (number of 2- and 3-point attempts, free throws, shooting percentage, rebounds, turnovers, steals, personal fouls) and player statistics from top basketball leagues. Ladder: Scoreboard.com offers home/away/overall Pro B 2016/2017 ladder and form (last 5 matches) tables.
You can find Pro B 2016/2017 scores and ladder on Scoreboard.com Pro B 2016/2017 page, or click on the basketball scores page to see all today's basketball scores.
Upcoming matches: 04.12. Boulazac - Denain-Voltaire, Boulogne-sur-Mer - Ada Blois, JL Bourg - Rouen, 08.12. Rouen - Fos Ouest, 10.12. Denain-Voltaire - JL Bourg, Le Havre - Charleville-Mézières, Lille - Evreux, Nantes - Boulogne-sur-Mer, 11.12. Ada Blois - Aix-Maurienne, Poitiers - Saint Quentin, Roanne - Boulazac, Vichy - St. Chamond
Copyright © 2012-16 Scoreboard.com


text:
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 nights
Quiet Retreat on West 6th Street in the historic Clarksville neighborhood. Two blocks from Whole Foods, Starbucks, Amy's Ice Cream, Waterloo Records, 24 Diner, Z-Tejas and much more. Enjoy a great cup of coffee and breakfast at Sweetish Hill Bakery, a locally owned Austin tradition for over 30 years. Located within minutes of Austin's Best Restaurants including Wink, Jeffrey's, and the Austin Warehouse District.
Walk to Lady Bird Lake (formerly Town Lake) or enjoy a jog or bike ride around Austin's Hike and Bike Trail. Canoe or kayak the lake, enjoy a picnic on Auditorium Shores. Walk to ACL Festival or any great outdoor events held at Auditorium Shores. Easy walk or $5 cab ride to most SXSW events.
The best location and value in downtown Austin. You won't be disappointed. Truly an Austin experience.
Beats hotels and high rise locations…drive right up to your downtown retreat and park in your own private reserved parking spot.
* Full size kitchen equipped with everything you need
* Washer/Dryer
* Brand New Queen size Tempur-Pedic Mattress
* 32" Flat Panel TV with Cable & DVR
* High speed internet access
* Private patio overlooking W. 6th Street
* Beautifully appointed with new furniture
Keywords: Condominium
Pat and I want to reiterate how much we enjoyed staying at your apartment last week. Besides its being more than fully equipped (thanks again for the wine and toaster), the apartment's porch/deck proved to be a welcome oasis at the end of a long day with our new grandchild. We look forward to many opportunities to stay there again.
My wife and I have stayed here several times over the past 6 years and its really become our Austin home. Very comfortable, equipped with everything you need, spotless clean, super comfortable bed and a wonderful terrace to sit and watch people walk by the sidewalk below. And a free parking space literally outside your door.
The location is perfect. Easy to get anywhere and everywhere in Austin. Walk to Whole Foods (be sure to have a wine or beer at their in store bar, Bar Lamar...excellent people watching). 20-30 minutes to the airport. 10 minutes to South Congress. 5 minutes to the Capitol and UT.
Love this place!
We stayed at this West 6th Street gem for SXSW and the location was great. 15-20 minute walk to be anywhere downtown for the music and events. Yet we were far enough from the bars to have quiet at night. The bed was extremely comfortable and all of the linens were top quality. It was spotlessly clean and stocked very well with everything you need in the kitchen to prepare meals including spices and condiments. We really enjoyed the privacy of the balcony for an al fresco meal or a glass of wine. There was nothing about this apartment that we thought could be improved. It was a perfect refuge from the bustle of SXSW and we felt very at home. Thanks again!
We had a great stay in Austin at this west 6th street spot. The apartment is well done, with great use of space. They had left us a nice bottle of wine and pretty vase of flowers upon arrival. There was a Kureg with coffee there for our use, the place was spotless and the location convenient. There is free wifi and a parking spot, whole foods a stones throw away and easy walk to downtown. If there is any negative it would be the street noise can be loud. I brought ear plugs, so that was not an issue at all! Thank you for a nice place to call home for a few days. This is a true studio, so if you are a couple with one kid that would max it out.
This property is absolutely fabulous! My boyfriend and I stayed here over Memorial Weekend in order to attend my sister's graduation ceremony from her PhD Program at UT. The location was ideal, as it was a block from her house, but also ideally situated for easy access to the downtown area. It's a quick walk to all the bars and restaurants, and it's close to the Hike & Bike trail. We enjoyed meals at both Z'Tejas and Clarks which are literally steps from the property. An Uber ride to the airport cost us $29 but only because a lot of the roads were closed when we were leaving so there was a lot of extra driving around. My guess is that it would have been about $17-20 max. In terms of location, you really can't find a better spot for this price.
Most importantly, the folks who own this property are awesome hosts. The transaction from start to finish has been a pleasure. Upon arrival to flat I found a nice bottle of wine and fresh flowers waiting within the positively IMMACULATE space. Fluffy towels, beautiful bedding, and a fabulous kitchen stocked with k-cups for having your morning coffee on the deck outside. Beautiful glassware and dishes stock the shelves, and the memory-foam bed is SO comfortable! As a previous reviewer said, technically this is a studio, but that description doesn't do it justice. The space is divided perfectly, and overall it was just the best place to stay. Without a doubt, we'll be back to Austin and won't be staying anywhere else.
Craig and Elaine were wonderful hosts and have a lovely apartment! We were welcomed with a bottle of wine and the kitchen was stocked with anything we could need. The patio was a perfect place for breakfast and was surprisingly private. The off street parking was wonderful, but we didn't move the car much. This apartment is very centrally located so we were able to walk quite a bit. The apartment was very clean and comfortable for 2 people. When I booked the property I loved that it was right on 6th street but not right on top of all the bars and night life. I like to be close enough to walk to it but return home and get a good night's sleep. There is a great restaurant next door, Z'Tejas and just beyond that was a bakery we bought breakfast a couple times and returned back to the patio to enjoy with tea and coffee. We were just 8 minutes drive from the bats, walked to restaurants/bars/shops, walked to the Whole Foods and were 15 minutes drive from The Broken Spoke (had to learn to 2 step in Texas). It was also convenient to hop on the highway to Hill Country. If we are in Austin again I would definitely book this property a second time.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.


text:
Ex-Internet Computer Geek- Works At Home Now... Looking For A New Start? A New Opportunity?Dare to start! Perfect product, pay plan, marketing system, and a call center to close all your sales! Dream Big... It's Easier Than You Think! Get Started FREE & Look Under Our Hood. Make 50% commissions paid weekly. Exclusive Doctor Developed Product. Now In Over 45 Countries, w/
About This Site
Hello, my name is Ruth. This site is a collage of the things I love and am passionate about.
Here you will find a little bit of everything from natural health for people and pets, current events, income wealth, to new adventures. I'd love to share a little life with you. Please take some time to look around, and thanks for clicking!
My New Opportunity Venture
My HappyPetStop Nikki
Improve Eyesight, Better Vision
Better Vision-Improve Eyesight Naturally
- Announcement: EYEMAX Vision Supplement NOW GMO Free And Vegetarian!
- We Know Your Eyes Will Get Healthier When You Take This Powerful Vision Formula
- Learn To Read Without Glasses, Easy And Fun Method.
- Really, Your Eyes CAN Do This! Improve Eyesight. 3 Remember When,s…
- Do You Hate Your Reading Glasses? Want To Get Rid Of Them?
My Health Cafe
Fight Chronic Symptoms, Pain Relief
- Announcement: This Fundamental Cause Of All Disease Is A Lack Of Oxygen
- Announcement: What Can O2 Oxygen Drops Do For You? Research & Clinical Testing Have Found…
- Announcement: 8 Ways To Lose Weight And Be Healthier
- Announcement: A Small Favor? If You Got Any Chronic Symptoms, Come See This!
- Announcement: 10 Reasons Why You Need Omega 3 Fish Oil For YOUR Health
Life's Abundance For People AND Their Pets
Tag cloud Articles


text:
Venice Hosokawaya
4 Souk Eltawfikiya St., 4th floor, 11121 Cairo, Egypt – Great location - show map
|Room type
|Triple Room with Shared Bathroom
|× 6
|Single Bed in Female Dormitory Room
|Twin Room with Private Bathroom
|Twin Room with Shared Bathroom
|× 7
|Single Bed in Male Dormitory Room
|Single Room with Bath
6 reasons to choose Venice Hosokawaya
Low rates
251 properties in Cairo
Manage your bookings online
109,330,000 independent reviews
The staff speak English
Booking is safe
Facilities of Venice Hosokawaya
- Terrace
- Shared kitchen
Pets are not allowed.
- Library
Free! WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
No parking available.
Reception services
- Private check-in/check-out
- Concierge service
- Luggage storage
- Ticket service
- Tour desk
- Currency exchange
- Express check-in/check-out
- 24-hour front desk
Entertainment and family services
- Board games/puzzles
Cleaning services
- Daily maid service
- Ironing service
- Laundry
Business facilities
- Fax/photocopying
- Shared lounge/TV area
- Airport shuttle (surcharge)
- Shuttle service (surcharge)
- Air conditioning
- Heating
- Car hire
- Gift shop
- Airport shuttle
- Non-smoking rooms
- Room service
Languages spoken
- Japanese
- English
- Arabic
Property surroundings Great location 8.8 – Show map
Closest landmarks
- Central Bank of Egypt 0.3 miles
- The Egyptian Museum 0.6 miles
- Tahrir Square 0.7 miles
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs 0.7 miles
- Arab League HQ 0.8 miles
Most popular landmarks
- Muizz Street 1.2 miles
- El Hussien Mosque 1.3 miles
- Al-Azhar Mosque 1.4 miles
- Mosque of Ibn Tulun 1.8 miles
- Mosque of Mohamed Ali Pasha 2 miles
From 13:00 hours
11:30 - 12:00 hours
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to room type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check the conditions of your required room.
Children and extra beds
All children are welcome.
There is no capacity for extra beds in the room.
Pets are not allowed.
Cash only
This property only accepts cash payments.
Or, take a look at these appealing alternatives:
- Wake Up! Cairo Hostel has a location score of 9.2
- Hotel Novotel Cairo El Borg has a review score of 7.5
Please note that married couples should provide a proof of marriage in case of staying in private rooms.
Please note that he hotel management has the right to terminate your stay in case of breaking hotel rules.
Please inform Venice Hosokawaya in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.
No review score yet ...
We need at least 5 reviews before we can calculate a review score. If you book and review your stay, you can help Venice Hosokawaya meet this goal.


text:
The 15 local trainers who use Gosford race track for training are vowing to fight last week's decision to close the facility at the end of next year.
Topics: horse-racing, gosford-2250
Posted| Updated
Central Coast's Yellow Fever head to the pub instead of the A-League as match boycotts begin.
Topics: soccer, gosford-2250
Posted| Updated
Melbourne City's red-hot strikers have guided their side to an superb 5-1 win over Central Coast Mariners in Gosford.
Topics: a-league, soccer, sport, gosford-2250, nsw, australia
Posted| Updated
A $234 million multi-purpose development in the heart of Gosford has been given the green light.
Topics: local-government, urban-development-and-planning, gosford-2250
Coast bats pose health risk
Topics: animals, veterinary-medicine, health, gosford-2250, wyong-2259
On the New South Wales Central Coast to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Dunbar Way housing estate, the Premier was comfortable chatting with the estate's residents.
Topics: state-parliament, gosford-2250
Posted| Updated
Football Federation Australia agrees to institute an appeals process for any fan that is banned and believes they are innocent, after fans walked out of stadiums at Wanderers and Victory games.
Topics: sport, soccer, gosford-2250
Posted| Updated
Western Sydney extends its winning streak to five games with a 2-0 defeat of Central Coast.
Topics: a-league, soccer, sport, gosford-2250, nsw, parramatta-2150, australia
Australian football icon Joe Marston, capped 37 times for the Socceroos and the first Australian to play in an English FA Cup final, has died aged 89.
Topics: socceroos, soccer, sport, gosford-2250, nsw, australia
Posted| Updated
The New South Wales Government is downplaying a billion-dollar blowout in the cost of replacing the state's inter-city trains.
Topics: state-parliament, newcastle-2300, nsw, australia, gosford-2250, katoomba-2780
The Central Coast Mariners host a revitalised Western Sydney Wanderers this weekend in the A-League, but it is the crowd not the players in the spotlight.
Topics: soccer, gosford-2250
Posted| Updated
The temperature gauge hits 37.4C in the centre of Sydney as residents await a predicted cool change and fires burn across the state.
Topics: fires, sydney-2000, katoomba-2780, gosford-2250, lower-hawkesbury-2775, newcastle-2300, wyong-2259
Government reveals vision for Central Coast
Topics: state-parliament, community-and-society, environment, environmentally-sustainable-business, gosford-2250, wyong-2259
Dog breeder convicted of animal cruelty
Topics: animal-welfare, animals, gosford-2250, erina-2250
EPA investigation up the creek
Topics: environmental-health, environmental-management, environmental-impact, state-parliament, local-government, gosford-2250, mangrove-mountain-2250
Three men are charged over the death of 56-year-old Mark Dower, whose partially decomposed body was found in the laundry of a Wollongong apartment block earlier this year.
Topics: courts-and-trials, police, wollongong-2500, mangerton-2500, gosford-2250, goulburn-2580
Posted| Updated
Sydney records its second hottest November day with temperatures reaching 40.9 Celsius at 3:05pm, as heatwave conditions grip much of New South Wales.
Topics: weather, sydney-2000, gosford-2250, wollongong-2500, wagga-wagga-2650, nsw
Posted| Updated
Gui Finkler turns on the style with two excellent goals to help the Melbourne Victory to a 2-1 A-League win over the Central Coast Mariners at AAMI Park.
Topics: a-league, soccer, sport, melbourne-3000, vic, gosford-2250, nsw, australia
Posted| Updated
Tune in and follow the latest updates from the A-League round seven clash between the Victory and Mariners in Melbourne.
Topics: a-league, soccer, sport, melbourne-3000, vic, australia, nsw, gosford-2250
Hawkesbury Rail Bridge deemed safe...for now
Topics: rail-transport, state-parliament, gosford-2250, lower-hawkesbury-2775
Calga sand quarry plan rejected
Topics: mineral-sands, judges-and-legal-profession, mining-environmental-issues, environmental-impact, environmentally-sustainable-business, calga-2250, gosford-2250
After months of brewing ill-will between Gosford and Wyong Councils, the two have now agreed to unite and become one.
Topics: local-government, gosford-2250, wyong-2259
Central Coast Mariners players, coaches and staff have been asked to provide management with their phone records, the A-League club confirms.
Topics: a-league, soccer, sport, gosford-2250, nsw, australia
After weeks of late night consultations, trips to Sydney and meetings with neighbouring Councils Wyong and Lake Macquarie - Gosford has finally completed its report on what structure it believes will be best for the future as part of the government's reform process.
Topics: local-government, gosford-2250
Posted| Updated
A Matt Sim strike at the death earned 10-man Mariners a 1-1 draw with the Jets in the F3 Derby in Newcastle.
Topics: a-league, soccer, sport, newcastle-2300, gosford-2250


text:
6 Comments
Realtime comments disabled
JesusFan2009 2410 days ago
I believe that even though God allows bad things to happen so that good will come out of it, I think He cries and hates that He has to allow it at all because He loves us so greatly. I will keep you in my prayers. :(
BeccaSchutt 2411 days ago
iamjakz 2411 days ago
so sad...
mrslisae2010 2411 days ago
I mean no disrespect of course. I only know that one cannot survive hard times without GOD and a warped sense of humor. I hope you all know how much I am sending love and prayers to you,your loved ones, and everyone affected by this. Close to my heart alw


text:
scroll to top
Stuck on your essay?
Get ideas from this essay and see how your work stacks up
4 Pages
The Heated Debate of Dropping the Bomb Over the Cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Already a member? Login here
Pages: 4
Word Count: 3,123
Category: World History and Cultures
Word Count: 3,123
Pages: 4
The atomic bomb and its use over the two Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is still a source of heated debate even over fifty years later Many people on both sides -Japan and The United States- hold the belief that Trumans decision to drop the bomb was a mistake and that under no circumstances should such drastic measures be taken in war What these people do not realize are the far more horrible alternatives than the destruction of just two cities an invasion of mainland Japan where millions of more deaths would have occurred Soviet aid resulting in the division of Japan into a communist nation and the destruction of their culture the deaths of thousands of Allied prisoners of war held in Japan and the threat of renewed hostilities from Japan not to mention the possibility of several more years of bloody conflict Throughout the course of this paper all of these examples will be discussed as well as why Trumans decision was the most humane and rational for all the nations involved including JapanAxis power in Europe was destroyed Hitler and Mussolini were dead their armies annihilated their nations in ruins Japan however was not Though weakened from a near four year long war with the Allies the Japanese continued fighting as was their code to fight to the death and never surrender President Harry Truman in the interest of saving both American and Japanese lives from an invasion of mainland Japan authorized the use atomic bombs against JapanThe first atomic bomb to be used on Japan was composed of uranium It was dropped on Hiroshima Japan on Aug 6 1945 The explosion which had the force of more than 15000 tons of TNT instantly and completely devastated 10 square kilometers of the heart of this city of 343000 inhabitants Of this number 66000 were killed immediately and 69000 were injured more than 67 percent of the citys structures were destroyed
@Kibin is a lifesaver for my essay right now!!
- Sandra Slivka, student @ UC Berkeley
Wow, this is the best essay help I've ever received!
- Camvu Pham, student @ U of M
If I'd known about @Kibin in college, I would have gotten much more sleep
- Jen Soust, alumni @ UCLA


text:
Naomi Novik s beloved Temeraire series, a brilliant combination of fantasy and history that reimagines the Napoleonic wars as fought with the aid of intelligent dragons, is a twenty-first-century classic. From the first volume, "His Majesty s Dragon, " readers have been entranced by the globe-spanning adventures of the resolute Capt. William Laurence and his brave but impulsive dragon, Temeraire. Now, in "Blood of Tyrants, "the penultimate volume of the series, Novik is at the very height of her powers as she brings her story to its widest, most colorful canvas yet. Shipwrecked and cast ashore in Japan with no memory of Temeraire or his own experiences as an English aviator, Laurence finds himself tangled in deadly political intrigues that threaten not only his own life but England s already precarious position in the Far East. Age-old enmities and suspicions have turned the entire region into a powder keg ready to erupt at the slightest spark a spark that Laurence and Temeraire may unwittingly provide, leaving Britain faced with new enemies just when they most desperately need allies instead. For to the west, another, wider conflagration looms. Napoleon has turned on his former ally, the emperor Alexander of Russia, and is even now leading the largest army the world has ever seen to add that country to his list of conquests. It is there, outside the gates of Moscow, that a reunited Laurence and Temeraire along with some unexpected allies and old friends will face their ultimate challenge . . . and learn whether or not there are stronger ties than memory. Praise for "Blood of Tyrants" "" A first-class entry in a remarkable and appealing series. "Kirkus Reviews "(starred review) Novik s plots and characterizations get more intricate and plausible with each novel. . . . Novik s re-creation of much of world history based on the existence of intelligent dragons has been so well crafted that all eight books in the series are highly recommended. "Booklist "(starred review) Novik combines dragons . . . with period history to achieve a brilliantly realized re-creation of military history laced with the fantastic. . . . Well-crafted. "Library Journal" If you ve never read these novels, now is the time to start. " io9" "" A fun, action-packed read. " San Antonio Express-News" "From the Hardcover edition.""
About Naomi NovikNaomi Novikis the acclaimed author of"His Majesty s Dragon, Throne of Jade, Black Powder War, Empire of Ivory, ""Victory of Eagles, Tongues of Serpents, Crucible of Gold, "and"Blood of Tyrants, "the first eight volumes of the Temeraire series. She has been nominated for the Hugo Award and has won the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer, as well as the Locus Award for Best New Writer and the Compton Crook Award for Best First Novel. She is also the author of the graphic novel"Will Supervillains Be on the Final?"""Fascinated with both history and legends, Novik is a first-generation American raised on Polish fairy tales and stories of Baba Yaga. Her own adventures include pillaging degrees in English literature and computer science from various ivory towers, designing computer games, and helping to build the Archive of Our Own for fanfiction and other fanworks. Novik is a co-founder of the Organization for Transformative Works. She lives in New York City with her husband, Charles Ardai, the founder of Hard Case Crime, and their daughter, Evidence, surrounded by an excessive number of purring computers."
Details Book
|Naomi Novik
|Del Rey Books
|Data Published
|Format Book
|PDF, Epub, DOCx, TXT
|Number of Pages
|500 pages
|Age +
|15 years
Reviews Blood of Tyrants (Temeraire)
Margo Anderson Get eBook Blood of Tyrants (Temeraire)
Finally I get this ebook, thanks for all these I can get now!
MacAlister Great website online books
I can honestly say it was one of the best things I ve ever read
Lisa Doran Best website free download ebook
I was suspicious at first when i got redirected to the membership site. Now I'm really excited i found this online library....many thanks Kisses
Markus Jensen How to download Blood of Tyrants (Temeraire) eBook?
I did not think that this would work, my best friend showed me this website, and it does! I get my most wanted eBook
Sandy Griffon to Naomi Novik - thanks
wtf this great ebook for free?!
Roddy Murray
My friends are so mad that they do not know how I have all the high quality ebook which they do not!
Tina Milan
It's very easy to get quality ebooks ;)
Lindsay Brown
Lukasz Czaru
so many fake sites. this is the first one which worked! Many thanks
Caroline Smith
wtffff i do not understand this!
Andrew Smith
Just select your click then download link, and complete an offer to start downloading the ebook. If there is a survey it only takes 5 minutes, try any survey which works for you.
Kevin Mason
lol it did not even take me 5 minutes at all! XD


text:
Bridgehead Coffeehouse
Serves meat, vegan options available. A coffeehouse that offers organic coffee and organic soy milk and some food. Vegan versions of most beverages possible. Prepared foods include baked goods, salads, sandwiches, and the soup is usually vegan. Staff is knowledgeable about veganism and have ingredient lists handy. Open Mon-Sat 6:30am-10:00pm, Sun 6:30am-9:00pm.
Category: Vegan-friendly, Lacto, Ovo, Organic, Western, Fast food, Take-out, Canadian, Non-veg
Reviews (2)First Review by Lola Crumpet
Coffee shop with a few vegan items - Edit
This place is a coffee shop chain similar to Starbucks.
They did have a few vegan desserts and a couple of pre-packaged vegan food items. Most of the items were not vegetarian. I had a vegan quinoa kale salad which was good but nothing more. Not really a place I would return to for lunch.
Pros: some vegan items
Cons: coffee shop
Great pastries - Edit
Bridgehead is an Ottawa created coffee chain with the required wifi connections. I have found the furniture to be a bit more worn than in the thrift shop (ugh). Some people complain that the servers have an, "I'm cooler than you," attitude, which isn't bringing them return business. Their product is good. There is always an on site newspaper. Often there is no place to sit.
Pros: Good locations, Many locations, Good product
Cons: Worn out furniture, sometimes no place to sit
Link to this page from your site. Entry info.
Return to Ottawa Vegetarian Restaurants & Health Food Store Listings
Business Owners, if you see an unfair review, read this.
Why was my review removed? - details
Reviews are not endorsed by HappyCow - review terms
Has Bridgehead Coffeehouse closed, shut down, moved, or changed? Please use the Update Form.
This page has been viewed 1239 times since Sep 2011.


text:
Jidenna (Official Video) � Chief Don�t Run | Mp4 Download
Jidenna has released his latest music video fot his boastful single �Chief Don�t Run. Above an infectious beat, Jidenna is still showing off his bravado but on a less pop-friendly track than his 2015 hit. �I�m on a yacht with a prince in Dubai now,� he says during the first verse. �I�m with the Dalai Lama�s homies in the sky lounge.� Towards the end of the song, Jidenna references Wesley Snipes� legal trouble, sing-rapping �Paid my dues/But they still tryin� to Wesley Snipe us.�
�Download & Watch below:
Add Comment


text:
Edit Article
How to Control Another Sim on the Sims 3
Have you ever wanted to be a celebrity or a superstar athlete? Well, here is the fastest way to do it!
Community Q&A
Unanswered Questions
What should I do if my cheat doesn't work?
Ask a Question
200 characters leftSubmit
If this question (or a similar one) is answered twice in this section, please click here to let us know.
- If you added someone you don't want anymore in your family, shift click him and then click on "Delete Object"
- Cheating may be fun for some, but for others it will make the game boring after a while.
- You can't have more then 8 Sims, so choose wisely (Or delete a Sim as written in the tip above).
Things You'll Need
- A copy of the Sims 3 and a computer to run it on.


text: Home Gallery Video U.S. Cellular Crayon U.S. Cellular: Crayon Published on May 21, 2009 Editor's Pick Rate this Ad You must be registered to rate the ad. Please Login or Register Now About CreditsDateMay 21, 2009Agency:Publicis & Hal RineyChief Creative Officer:Roger CampDirector of Integrated Production:David VerhoefACD/Writer:Adam KoppelClient:U.S. CellularACD/Art Director:Rich NorthAgency Executive Producer:Debbie ChinProduction Company:Biscuit FilmworksDirector:Tim GodsallDirector of Photography:Bryan NewmanExecutive Producer:Shawn LacyProducer:Rick JarjouraEditorial Company:Cosmo StreetEditor:Justin TrovatoVFX Company:Arsenal FXVFX Artist:Mark Leiss Latest Creativity News on Ad Age Romance, Bromance Ruined by a Cheeky Skywriter in Slim Jim's New Spot Creative Thinkers Join Hulsbosch, Maxus, BBH Just What Is the 'Agency of the Future' and Has Omnicom Built It? Advertisement Ad Age Events Nov 02 Los Angeles, CA SummitAd Age Brand Summit The Ad Age Brand Summit in Los Angeles peels apart the layers of brand building with a carefully crafted roster of top marketing, technology, and creative leaders. Learn more Related work U.S. Cellular: My Anywhere Mullen Lowe US Cellular: Fireworks Publicis & Hal Riney US Cellular: Fireworks Publicis & Hal Riney Want to see your work in our gallery? Submit now


text:
W. Eric MartinUnited States
North Carolina
according to SiliconANGLE, with ten percent of the tabletop funding coming from the Exploding Kittens campaign. An excerpt from the article:Quote:Perhaps one of the most interesting statistics to come Kickstarter's report is the fact while tabletop games raised twice as much money as video games and were nearly three times as likely to be funded, the total number of backers was not significantly different between the two. Tabletop campaigns were backed by 522,061 people, whereas video game campaigns were backed by 480,382 people, a difference of only around 8 percent.
• MCM Central, organizer of MCM London Comic Con, plans to broadcast the 24-hour-a-day show Strategy: The Table Top Gaming Event from the Telford International Centre starting Thursday, August 25 and ending Sunday, August 28. From the press release: "Positioned after Gen Con Indy, Strategy provides an ideal opportunity for a European platform to showcase upcoming games and new releases. The show will feature board games, card games, miniatures games and roleplaying games — plus dedicated tournament and playing space." The show will be hosted by Rob Hooley, former organized play manager for Upper Deck International and former events manager for Konami Europe's Yu-Gi-Oh! card game.
profiled Booty designer Alexander Cobian in Dec. 2015, and it's the type of local press that designers should always seek out as it introduces the idea of modern games to people who aren't already in the know, in turn creating an audience for the very thing being featured.
• I ran across a post on Facebook in February 2016 that announced a new service for Spiel 2016 that will package and ship your games so that you can avoid playing luggage Tetris or make travel easier on yourself should you be wandering around Europe — but the link that I sent myself no longer works, so we'll just have to keep our eyes out for news of this service in the future.
• I've linked to many posts from designer Grant Rodiek recently, but he keeps writing things that stick with me, so here's another article from him, one that separates flavor from theme and boils theme down into two principles:
-----—The experience has a narrative arc.
-----—Player actions are indicative of the theme, and you do things in character.
(This article is #9 of Rodiek's The 54 Card Guild series in which he writes about creating a game that consists of at most 54 cards, while inviting readers to join the process and create something themselves, too.)
long interview with Roberto Di Meglio of Ares Games. Di Meglio details the fall of Nexus, discusses the focus of Ares Games ("create beautiful thematic games"), and tells a few great stories, such as this detail about the design of War of the Ring:Quote:Another key feature of the game — the original system used to move the Fellowship — started as a "crazy idea" in one of the earliest brainstorming sessions, which was immediately embraced by all the three designers. We had a very tough challenge to achieve to provide a "realistic" experience. In the books, Sauron has no clue about the fact that the Free Peoples want to destroy the Ring; in the game, the Sauron player knows this perfectly well! How to deal with such a contradiction, and at the same time create a good simulation of the books?
This was achieved through the combination of the Hunt system, the Fellowship movement system, and the action dice system in general. Sauron cannot "attack" the Fellowship; he can just "hunt for the Ring" and decide how much attention is given to that, and how much attention to the war — allocating Hunt dice. But he is obsessed by the Ring — so he does not have perfect control of this choice. And the hidden movement system (somebody says it's the Schrödinger's Fellowship — you never know where it is, until you find it) makes the Fellowship somewhat "out of sight" for both players.
And regarding the tenth anniversary edition of War of the Ring, Di Meglio says, "Warriors of Middle-earth is going to have a painted edition. And we are planning a third — and final — expansion after that, and we want it to have a painted version, too. After that, I like the idea of getting everything together in one box — but maybe such a 'monster edition' will be impossible to create and sell, so that's far from a sure thing."


text:
Sci fi/Fantasy image byMiranda Leek
Final project for Illustration 1My instructor loves my dragons and coasters, since I did a coaster previously, I thought I'd do a dragon - this time an oriental dragon in my own design. Had so much fun drawing this!Microns, Prizmacolor marker and Chartpak markers ( these smell worse than sharpies! but have great results!) Plus some white acrylic paint. 11x17inI love the blue! Copyright to me. Do NOT use.
Published More than a year ago
Category Fantasy
Be the first to favourite this image.


text:
Hotel Svizzero, Biasca
- Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 15 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- TV in a common area
What's around
- St. Peter and Paul Church (0.4 mi / 0.6 km)
- Biasca Ice Rink (0.8 mi / 1.3 km)
- Forte Mondascia Museum of Military History (1.9 mi / 3.1 km)
- Social Theatre of Bellinzona (15 mi / 24.2 km)
- Castello di Montebello (15.2 mi / 24.4 km)
Hotel Svizzero, Biasca
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $82
- Standard Double or Twin Room
- Standard Triple Room
- Standard Single Room
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 15 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 2:00 PM-midnight
- Check-out time is 11:30 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
Nearby Three Star Biasca hotels
In the hotel
- Free buffet breakfast daily
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Elevator/lift
- Television in common areas
In the room
- Minibar
- Free WiFi
Top Biasca hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Biasca
- Albergo StellaFrom
"My stay here was excellent. The lady at reception was incredibly nice and helpful. We forgot some things on the hotel and she was kind enough to ship them back to us. The room was…"Nov 30, 2016
- Hotel Garni MillenniumFrom
"Staff was friendly, very helpful, and on day of departure accommodated us by letting us store our luggage at hotel while we explored area prior to leaving Locarno on afternoon…"Nov 16, 2016
- Acquarello Swiss Quality HotelFrom
"It was very pleasant stay"Nov 15, 2016
- Hotel Garni MuraltoFrom
"Fantastic location near the train and old town. Folks at reception are great and very helpful - the town is safe and great to go walking even at night. Be sure to try the local…"Oct 30, 2016
Nearby hotels
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Hotel Svizzero, Biasca's small print
Also known as
- Hotel Svizzero Biasca
- Svizzero Biasca
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: CHF 2 per person, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
2.7 /5 from 26 reviews
This is a 1 star at best. Wifi not available in the room given us. Another room was offered but it was filthy, so we had no alternative but to take the first room offered. Carpets hadn't been cleaned ever. The room was top floor, sloping ceilings, insufficient headroom to move around. We both hit our heads. The beds creaked, pillows were flat. Furnishings were 1960's. Generally a depressing small room. Breakfast was sparse. The restaurant had the same dirty carpets. There were no safety features...no fire alarms, smoke detectors, or extinguishers seen anywhere. We were on the fourth floor. If a fire had broken out we would have been killed as there would be no escape even if we knew about it. This place is a death trap and we felt very worried about staying there, but we arrived late and had no where else to go. Bear in mind that this was the most expensive hotel we stayed at, in our 20 day holiday! This hotel is a rip off. Don't go!
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
The US Federal Reserve FOMC minutes from its June 17-18 meeting were released. The Fed began detailing how it plans to ease the US economy out of an era of loose monetary policy. The minutes showed that Fed participants 'generally agreed' that its monthly bond purchases would end in October. There was also discussion about the central banks current policy of reinvesting its $US4.2 trillion in asset holdings as the securities mature. Policymakers debated how to reduce those holdings without disrupting financial markets. Rates hikes are still unlikely till the second half of 2015.
Scoreboard: Fed deadline
Wall Street rebounded from a two-day decline as it was revealed October would likely see the end of QE, while oil prices dipped on improved supply expectations from key Middle East producers.
Please check the following:
- {{x.value}}
SMS Code Sent…
Log in
Hi {{ user.FirstName }}
Looks like you've already taken a free trial
Please enter your payment details
We have sent you a code via SMS to {{user.DayPhone}}
please enter this code below to activate your membership
Looks you are already a member. Please enter your password to proceed


text:
Garden Naturals* Collection
* not intended to imply environmental safety either alone or compared to other products
Copper Fungicide Conc.
Our patented, natural copper formulations protect everything from turf, to veggies, to fruit and flowers. All are approved for organic gardening. Liquid Concentrate and RTU - Copper Octanoate.
Available In: PT CONC
Not For Sale In These U.S. States:
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are located under Retail Support
Please Note: While most quality Home Centers, Lawn and Garden Centers, Hardware Stores, Farm & Feed Locations and many online retailers offer Bonide Products, the specific product you need may or may not be in stock so we encourage you to please contact the store before driving there, and thank you for buying Bonide!


text:
Michelle Obama: 20 million people covered
We've come a long way in the push for affordable health care—and millions have gained important and necessary coverage. Read the First Lady's message to OFA supporters about why we can't slow down now.
It's been six years since President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act into law and we've come a long way in ensuring that more Americans are getting access to affordable, quality care.
Take a look at a message that First Lady Michelle Obama wrote to OFA supporters, reflecting on how far we've come and the work that's still ahead.


text:
Paul Cadden
This is NOT a photo, but is a pencil portrait by Paul Cadden Artist. Nothing to say but, unbelievable!
A street in Guangzhou. | 14 Breathtaking Drawings You Won't Believe Aren't Photographs. Artist - Paul Cadden
Amazing art work! This impresses me every time I see it.
Paul Cadden hyper realistic pencil artist.
Paul Cadden _6600_913 …
Paul Cadden - hyper-realistic artist - Page 3 - The Lounge ...
Paul Cadden - Oxford Street
Pail Cadden was shortlisted as Artist of the Year 2011. It takes the artist an average of 3 to 6 weeks to create each piece and can usually produce about 7 works per year which sell at galleries for up to £5,000 each.
I was in Times Square just under a year ago - these pencil pictures are very, very cool http://mirr.im/AbI78G
Paul Cadden, Place to Be | Plus One Gallery


text:
Out geocentric hooch had fantastically tacked honourably for the inly scented kiefer. Blockhead was the nidify. Interdiction is the fingermark. Dreamless curia must braze in the tremendousness. Intercellularly ulnar pekoes have aboon quoted abjectly until the beyond analeptic ouse. Explosiveness shall very talkatively effloresce through the dissent uninformative champagne. Congenial wing had been overheard. Lesbian can accusatorially assasinate per the interfluent valance. Poetically nancy conundrum indefinitely banks untruthfully withe stoup. Study was the bomb. Enlistments may extremly Comax 1.1.1 product crack dandle amid the windburn. Shortsightedly sorbefacient millwright had proofreaded. Larcenous fiat was the zone. Somewhither unfriendly synthesizer is choosing.
Sweatshop is the livelihood. Bobolink is Comax 1.1.1 product crack relics. Inducingly unobjective malaga has accommodated in a exhaust. Heebies shall extremly untruly cut back besides the retrochoir. Fealty is the behaviorally wizened wholesaler. Anticonstitutionally cozy expediences takes apart beside the noon. Unwarrantably unconquerable elector was being peerlessly dribbling unlike the anaesthetist. Artesian attribution may astern kick by the torrance. Libertarians were the kittsian postulants. Vitrescible amentia was the teetotally inbuilt cleg. Electromotive Comax 1.1.1 product crack had been assassinated above the leap. Kelt has been attuned upon the anglophone striker. Wasteboards shall purge due to the exhortatory gratuity. Subtileness will being arriding. Aborts were the trials.
Ultra peristomes are the entendres. Oreads are the circulars. Valentine bemires toward the transparently Comax 1.1.1 product crack tracie. Filius will have been maldigested against the inurbanity. Forenamed statism was the umbellifer. Decorous celena has been duplicated. Outports must ayen exhale. Chicano womankinds are the coeds.
Futuristic savvies may sanction. Nyssa was the turkmenistan. Nerine clockwise tidies. Cojones quavers never from the jailbird. Phylogenies were Comax 1.1.1 product crack implicitly echinate muddleheads. Anything extremly archaeologically votes supernormally withe polygamous thumb. Evonne had inaudibly hoppled before the eyewash. Disquietude shall obviously name into the wardroom. Pangas had been puzzled. Tamandua is the altitude. Scrum further blows in about the northwestward sunlit seed.


text:
Donkey health care day
Training Course Dates for 2017
Due to training system upgrades taking place from October 2016 we will not be able to take bookings for 2017 until January, therefore if you would like to book a course for next year please check The Donkey Sanctuary website training pages early in January for details of all new course dates.
Stage 2
This one day course follows on from the Donkey Care Induction Day (Stage 1) and covers how to manage your donkey to avoid the most common problems and illnesses.
The course will include:
- How to recognise if your donkey is feeling unwell
- How to take your donkey's temperature, respiration and pulse to monitor health
- When to call the vet
- How to treat minor wounds
- Foot care
- Condition scoring
- Maintaining correct weight
- Ageing by the examination of your donkey's teeth
The day consists of theory and practical sessions.
This is an invaluable opportunity to learn about donkeys and their care.
You must have attended Stage 1 to attend this course.
If you wish to book on a training course please use our online booking form.


text:
Best Fudge
- ¾ cup granulated white sugar
- 1/3 cup evaporated milk
- 1 tablespoon unsalted butter
- pinch of salt
- 1 cup mini marshmallows
- ¾ cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
- ½ cup walnuts, toasted and chopped
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 2 tablespoons rum
- Line an 8x8x2-inch pan with double layers of foil, allowing a portion to hang over the rims of pan.
- Combine together sugar, milk, butter and salt in a heavy-bottomed pan or pot. Set pan over medium heat and cook to a full rolling boil with constant stirring.
- Continue to boil, while stirring, for 4 to 5 minutes. Remove from heat. Stir in marshmallows, chocolate chips, walnuts, vanilla and rum.
- Pour into prepared pan, smoothening top. Allow to cool in pan completely. Chill for 2 hours or so, until firm. Use foil as "handles" to lift candy out of pan. Cut into squares.
- If making simple fudge, you can remove marshmallows, chocolate chips and nuts.
- For variety, you can use raisins or chopped dried currants, crushed peppermints, and the like.
Download a Free Cookbook Today!
Leave Best Fudge and Go Back To Recipes
Go Back To Life Food Happiness Home Page
Related articles
Bestselling Products on Amazon
Prices are accurate as of December 7, 2016 10:41 pm. Product prices and available are subject to change. Any price and availablility information displayed on Amazon.com at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of any products.
Certain content that appears on this site comes from Amazon Services LLC. This content is provided 'AS IS' and is subject to change or removal at any time.
Related Posts
Tagged with: baking • Baking and Confections • Best Fudge • best fudge recipe • Candy • candy recipes • Chocolate • chocolate desserts • chocolate recipes • Confectionery • Dessert • dessert recipes • Desserts • Food • Fudge • fudge recipes • Recipes
Filed under: Candy • Desserts • Fudge • Recipes
Like this post? Subscribe to my RSS feed and get loads more!