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It can be challenging but gratifying for oncologists to maintain communication with cancer patients after referring them to hospice, Mayo Clinic Drs. Mark Litzow and Timothy Moynihan wrote in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Visits to a patient's home are "greatly rewarding and remembered by the family long after the patient dies," Litzow said.
Full Story:Medscape (free registration)


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The Meaning of JMHO
You have found the definitive source for the meaning of JMHO. This page contains all the definitions of JMHO, crowd sourced, moderated and curated by real people who care about the true definitions of JMHO.
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The most popular meaning of JMHO is: Just My Humble Opinion
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The definition of JMHO is "Just My Humble Opinion".
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subset: commoncrawl


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KAPL Recruitment 2016 – 46 Post Professional Sales Representative-Walk-in-Interview
KAPL Recruitment Notification 2016:
Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals Limited invites application for the post of Professional Sales Representative at KAPL . Interested & Eligible Candidates may apply before last date 14 February 2016. Information Regarding Selection Process, Eligibility Criteria, Age Limit etc…. given below:
Job Details:
Professional Sales Representative : 46 Post
Age Limit: Max 26 years but Age Relaxation for (SC/ST- 5 years) and OBC-3 years.
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Date of Interview : From 14.02.2016 to 24.02.2016
For Apply Online Click here


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World Magazine interviewed journalist Bill Moyers in a recent issue. When asked about his faith, Moyers mentioned growing up in a Southern Baptist Church and said; "Someone recently asked me what the moment was when I became a Christian. And I told them, I never did become a Christian. I can't turn the other cheek. I can't sell all my possessions and give them away. I can't love my enemy. I am not a Christian because I can't do what Jesus asks. But, I care deeply about that figure. He has instructed my faith; He looms large in my life. But I can't do what He asks me to do, so I can't legitimately claim to be a Christian."
--World Magazine, March 14, 2009 p.25 Illustration by Jim L. Wilson and Rodger Russell
At some point in his church upbringing, Moyers must have missed the message of grace. The whole reason Jesus took our place is because we are unable to live righteously. The Gospel of works is the enemy of the Gospel of grace and we have to fight it at every opportunity. One mark of a false religion is the emphasis of salvation by our own works.
Ephesians 2:8-9 (NLTse) "God saved you by his grace when you believed. And you can't take credit for this; it is a gift from God. Salvation is not a reward for the good things we have done, so none of us can boast about it."


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Jane Long was elected to a three-year term on the Grow Smart RI board of directors. She is an assistant vice president in commercial real estate at Bank RI. Long earned a B.S. in business administration from the University of Florida. more
Xay Khamsyvoravong will serve a three-year term on the Grow Smart RI board of directors. He is head of government and institutional banking for Webster Bank in Providence and Hartford. He has a B.A. and a master's degree, both from Brown University. more
Glenn Gardiner was elected to a three-year term on the Grow Smart RI board of directors. He is principal and founder of Northeast Collaborative Architects of Newport. Gardiner earned degrees in architecture: a B.S. from the University of Illinois … more
Brad R. Weissman was chosen for a three-year term on the Grow Smart RI board of directors He currently provides strategic insights and analytics to Fidelity Investments' retail channel, which encompasses a network of more than 180 locations. … more
An estimated 212,590 volunteers contributed 21.1 million hours of service in Rhode Island in 2014, according to a national report, Volunteering and Civic Life in America 2015, released last week. That's an 8.8 percent increase in the number of … more
Michael Goss was elected vice chairman of the board of governors at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport. He has been a member of the executive committee for four years. Goss, a resident of Westport, Conn., is the former managing … more
Benjamin T. Scungio was named sales associate and manager of the Providence office of Mott & Chace Sotheby's International Realty. He was formerly an agent and office manager at Lila Delman Real Estate in Providence. more
Fellowship Health Resources Inc. raised $75,000 at its 40th anniversary celebration in early November at Roger Williams Park Casino. more
By Patricia Daddona
Rhode Island volunteers gave 21.1 million hours of service in 2014, according to data from Volunteering and Civic Life in America 2015, the nonprofit Serve Rhode Island reported. more
By Patricia Daddona
IGT employees participated in a variety of charitable initiatives throughout the end of November and beginning of December as part of its annual Holiday Giving Campaign. more
By Patricia Daddona


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- Worldwide Rank #87,100,301
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BackUpPlan (BUP)
Between 40 and 65% of the women carry a spare panties in their handbag. Not that strange, when you consider all things that can go wrong! Your luggage is already send ahead on your connecting flight, but you stuck at the airport; you laughing yourself a mishap; your lover surprises you after work with a romantic dinner plus overnight. For such unexpected situations there's back-up plan, commonly referred to as BUP!
5 Pins95 Volgers


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Fair ~
High: 41°F ~ Low: 19°F
Thursday, Dec. 8, 2016
Did everyone else know but me?Posted Tuesday, December 16, 2008, at 8:44 AM
I use the T-G News Page as my home page here and for that reason, rarely go to the home page. WRONG!
I have been missing a photography bulletin board, for I don't know HOW LONG. My Bad as it is popular to say.
If by chance, you do not know to what I am referring, go "home" and scroll down the left hand side to "Your pictures".
While there, check out the other stuff. I think I am going to change MY home page to the T-G home page and check the news when it arrives at our driveway.
(Disclaimer- I am not employed by the T-G) I have just been missing something and thought someone else might be the same.
Showing most recent comments first
[Show in chronological order instead]
Steve...completely OT...send me a note. I have a story you might be interested in.
-- Posted by Jacks4me on Wed, Dec 17, 2008, at 9:57 AM
To help promote our user-submitted photo feature, we're going to have a little contest. We encourage you to upload photos of the best outdoor Christmas lights and decorations you've seen this year. We've set up a special category for this which will remain open until 5 p.m. Monday. The best photo will be featured on the front page of the print newspaper, and we may feature some of the other photos in the newspaper as we have room. (Of course, all submissions will be viewable online.)
-- Posted by Jicarney on Tue, Dec 16, 2008, at 2:42 PM
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Steve Mills and his wife have one daughter. They previously owned two coffee/ice cream shops, currently operate an internet sales company and teach classes, but his primary job involves the paper industry worldwide. Hobbies and interests lie in gardening, photography, recorded music and of course, their pets.
Hot topicsThe Day After. Strangely more interested in who lost than won.
(170 ~ 12:56 PM, Dec 8)
What news media provides the most objective, non-editorialized, non-partisan news?
Red skies at morning, sailor's warning.
Needs a new home, without cats.
*9/86523 The equation for making smokable banana.


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Baseball: Balboa stuns Lowell with lopsided rout in AAA semifinals
By Dante Quazzo
Balboa High School sent shock waves through the Academic Athletic Association baseball playoffs Thursday by blowing out favored Lowell High School 11-2 at Big Rec.
After losing to Lowell three times over the course of the regular season, the Bucs charged out of the gate in their AAA semifinal matchup and never looked back.
Eli Smoot and Jeremy Wong both cleared the bases with triples in the first two innings, catapulting Balboa to a 7-0 lead early in the game. The Bucs added four more in the seventh inning, but at that point, the game was already in-hand. Wong finished the game 3-for-4 with five RBIs to ignite the Buccaneers' offense.
"I just wanted to get big hits for my team. We practice a lot in [the] batting cage, and I think we did well today," Wong said.
Lowell starting pitcher Nick Tam was not his usual self, as he gave up seven hits and seven runs in the first two innings. He was battling illness and was pulled after the second.
Meanwhile, Balboa starting pitcher Alex Arnold shut down the Cardinals' offense, and settled into a groove after having some trouble in the early innings.
The Cardinals squandered bases-loaded situations in the first two innings, and it was smooth sailing for Arnold from there. He cruised to a complete-game seven-hitter, inducing three double plays that stalled the Lowell offense.
"Those [double plays] are rally-killers," said Balboa head coach Tom Pontino. "[Arnold] was shaky in the beginning, but he finally got himself together. Credit to him, he stuck it out. He went out there and fought."
The Cardinals' day was epitomized by a double play that concluded the second inning.
With the bases loaded, Lowell second baseman Jake Simons hit a rocket back toward the pitching mound. Arnold snagged the liner, and rifled a throw to first to end the threat.
One of the few bright spots for the Cardinals was the relief performance of Jacob Gleason. Gleason relieved Nick Tam and threw four perfect innings before running into a jam in the seventh.
"[Gleason's] one of our co-captains, and I think the world of him and our other co-captains," said Lowell head coach John Donahue. "We did a good job up until this game, but we wish Balboa all the best. They played us hard."
It's a disappointing end to the season for the Cardinals, who have been upset in the AAA playoffs in two consecutive years. Meanwhile, Balboa looks ahead to the championship game against Washington, which topped Lincoln 7-2 in the other semifinal, on Thursday at AT&T Park.
Scoring Summary
First Inning
B – Eli Smoot triples, Gavin Chin, Michael Li, and Jeremy Wong score
B – Alex Arnold grounds out, Smoot scores
Second Inning
B – Wong triples, Eduardo Herrera, Christian Pulusian, and Li score
Sixth Inning
L – Nick Magyari reaches on error, Andy Glickfield scores
Seventh Inning
B – Pulusian singles, Herrera scores
B – Wong doubles, Pulusian and Li score
B – Wong scores on balk
L – Oscar Gates-Kent scores on wild pitch
21 Comments
Balboa baseball is back on track
yeeeeeeeeeee bal all the way
Good job Bal! Balboa's bats are on fire. Bal has scored 37 runs in the playoffs thus far. Washington better not sleep on them!
we'll see you in the 'ship.
Looks like the only chirping at AT&T Park on Thursday will be the seagulls. ahahhaah
Go Bucs, and this wasn't an upset. It was a beatdown! Bal is peeking at the right time.
Congratulations Alex, I'm very proud of you….Great job, and good luck in the Championship Game..
Great job by the balboa offense to hop on the cards early. Great job by Arnold shutting down the card offense.
Go Bucs!! Yeah!
What year is Alex Arnold? Senior?
He's a junior only
Jr rhp #21 Kids got talent……
i predicted a bal-wash championship if Pontino pulled the right strings and Pontino did just that. Bal for the win
so true likethankyou
Hats off to Bal and Wash reppresent the City who ever win go get Oakland Tech
The Balboa Buccaneer offense sprung to life the other day against the cardinals. Capped off with two base clearing triples, the Balboa squad proceeded to rout the Cardinals. Solid D and Pitching helped catapult the Buccaneers into the coveted championship at beautiful AT&T park. Cant Wait!
Balboa, pulls it off again!!! They have a tradition of excellence and winning game like this
McA 77′
Balboa just has to get over the hump of washs swag. i suggest the whole team wears phitons
lowell was the only team that almost hung with wash. balboa lost 22-4 in its regular season games against wash. this game will be no contest
Lincoln v wash game 1 was 4 3. Maybe you should check the facts bud.
Balboa lost to Wash 12-2. They also lost to Lowell in regular season 10-2 i believe. Either way, they came back to beat Lowell in the game that counts.
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Flappy Golf 3 stars Tips and Strategies
- App name: Flappy Golf
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- Genre: Arcade
- Release: Mar 27, 2014
Let's play Flappy Golf on iOS. In this part of the walkthrough, you will learn more tips and tricks while playing the Flappy Golf game on the iPhone.
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Description from the owner
Bedrooms: 3/
Bathrooms: 3/
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Type: Villa
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Hygienist - Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Superfund Site Profile
The Industri-Plex Superfund Site is a former chemical and glue manufacturing facility. Industri-plex was used for manufacturing chemicals such as lead-arsenic insecticides, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid for local textile, leather, and paper manufacturing industries from 1853 to 1931. Chemicals manufactured by other industries at the site include phenol, benzene, and toluene. Industri-plex was also used to manufacture glue from raw animal hide and chrome-tanned hide wastes from 1934 to 1969. The by-products and residues from these industries caused the soils within the site to become contaminated with elevated levels of metals, such as arsenic, lead and chrome. During the 1970s, the site was developed for industrial use. Excavations uncovered and mixed industrial by-products and wastes accumulated over 130 years. During this period, residues from animal hide wastes used in the manufacture of glue were relocated on-site from buried pits to piles near swampy areas on the property. Many of the animal hide piles and lagoons on-site were leaching toxic metals into the environment. In the 1980's, the site contained streams and ponds, a warehouse and office buildings, remnant manufacturing buildings, and hide waste deposits buried on the site. Animal hide residues are found on approximately 20 acres of the site in four different piles. Portions of the animal hide piles sloughed off, causing the release of hydrogen sulfide gases to the atmosphere and toxic metals to surrounding wetlands. Residences are located within 1,000 feet of the site, and more than 34,000 people live within 3 miles of the site.
Institutional controls are required for this site.
This site requires ICs because a decision document, such as a Record of Decision, has documented some level of contamination and/or remedy component at the site that would restrict use of the site. These ICs are required to help ensure the site is used in an appropriate way and that activities at the site do not damage the cleanup components. These ICs will remain in place for as long as the contamination and/or cleanup components stay on site. The matrix below is a general summary of the restrictions at this site at the date of this report. The information in this matrix is a general description of the restrictions at the site only. The site contacts should be consulted if there are questions on the ICs for this site.
The following IC Instruments provide media-specific use restrictions that have been implemented by EPA for protecting human health, the environment and remedial engineering on this site. Instruments are documents used by EPA or other organizations to implement the use restrictions at a site. To know about other media-specific use restrictions that are planned but not implemented at this site, please contact the Regional Office using the Site Contact listed above. Note that where multiple entries occur, it will impact more than one pathway.
Click here for IC Instruments implemented for this site. https://semspub.epa.gov/src/collection/01/SC33523
ICs are generally defined as administrative and legal tools that do not involve construction or physically changing the site. Common examples of ICs include site use and excavation restrictions put in place through State and local authorities like zoning, permits and easements. ICs are normally used when waste is left onsite and when there is a limit to the activities that can safely take place at the site (i.e., the site cannot support unlimited use and unrestricted exposure) and/or when cleanup components of the remedy remains onsite (e.g., landfill caps, pumping equipment or pipelines). Effective ICs help ensure that these sites can be returned to safe and beneficial use.
Disclaimer: This information is being provided by EPA as an informational tool to further assist the public in determining the types of restrictions that may be in place at National Priorities List sites being addressed by EPA under the Superfund program. In addition to the areas addressed by the institutional controls identified on this web site there may be other areas on the property that require restrictions on use of the property that are not captured in this EPA database. States and other entities may have implemented laws or restrictions applicable to this site. The information provided herein does not replace a title search or meet "All Appropriate Inquiry" requirements. U.S. EPA encourages users to review the Site files to obtain information regarding remedy components, containment systems and the land use for which cleanup standards were selected for these sites. More information and links can be found in the Institutional Control instrument collection of document, above, and the EPA regional offices may also be contacted.


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Item #95372
Product Description
Featuring beautiful acanthus leaf details, our GG Acanthus Leaf Dessert Pedestal with Dome is an elegant way to show off a delicious cake or pie. The aluminum base and finial in antique finish provide a nice contrast to the clear glass dome and cream-colored ceramic plate. For easier carrying, take the plate off the pedestal to transport tasty treats from the kitchen to the cake stand.
Product Details
Adreanna Table Lamp
Was: $689.00
Sale: $620.00
Gage Serving Bowls - Set of 2
Was: $49.00
Sale: $44.00
Chennai Dresser
Was: $999.00
Sale: $899.00
Becca Nailhead Dining Chair - Set of 2
Was: $399.00
Sale: $359.00
Zen Bed
Was: $499.00 - $699.00
Sale: $449.00 - $629.00


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Golden Dragon, Jasmine, Kathmandu, Little China: "Chinese Restaurants" Top 5 Page for this destination Tallinn County Restaurant Tip by Lodestar
Tallinn County Restaurants: 182 reviews and 144 photos
Golden Dragon: A Chinese restaurant with many dishes that are down-right spectacular. Inspiring menu; from prawns in chili-bean sauce to shark fin soup; the eggrolls will make you howl with delight. The atmosphere is nothing to write home about: no windows and it can get cramped. But it?s quite suitable for a formal night out.
Location: Pikk 37, Old Town. www.goldendragon.ee
Jasmine: Nestled in an alley near the Rotermanni Hotel. This restaurant is vast and elegant; its second floor is a dark-wood balcony that overlooks the first. Chinese music plays softly and there?s a mural of a phoenix on a back wall. The cuisine here misses a certain authenticity and the lack of fresh vegetables grates slightly given the high prices. You?ll pay some 10 dollars per entree, more than justified. Takeout, too.
Location: Mere pst. 6
Kathmandu: Definately some of the best Chinese in the city, which is also reflected in the prices... The menu offers a great variety, and specialists say the food is even rather authenic-tasting. Th interior is nice and somewhat romantic.
Location: Rataskaevu 3/5
Little China: Some say the Chinese food at this restaurant, built into an old city wall, is the best Chinese in town. Prices are on the higher end.
Location: Vene street 30.
Price Comparison: about average
Directions: All of the abovementioned restaurants are conveniently situated in the Old Town area.
Price: US$11-20
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Theme: Chinese/Dim Sum
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Long Creek Acreage
Unrestricted wooded acreage consisting of approximately 33.25 +/- acres. Property has never been logged and has mature trees, mountain views,and springs on property.
Long Creek Land
UNRESTRICTED wooded acreage . Approximately 30+/- acres with mature trees and over 500ft of creek frontage and bordered on south by USFS.
Best Of The Best
Offering forever southerly views of the glistening waters of Lake Santeetlah to impressive Joanna Bald and the Cheoah Mountains beyond, this is one of the best building sites in Thunderbird. It sits atop a gentle, sun-drenched knoll with beautiful oaks, paved road to the site and overlooks prestigious Cherokee Trail. Situated on approximately 0.606 acres, there is a substantial building envelope with many possibilities for developing a compound with privacy, ample parking and incredible view perspective from every angle. With amenities of Robbinsville just a short distance away, this lot has unlimited potential for creating any buyer's dream. MLS#125194
Dream Home Lot
This wooded parcel is nicely situated on a knoll overlooking Lake Santeetlah to the hills beyond. Mature hardwood growth surrounds the level building plateau to offer private yet accessible 0.627 acre home site.
Defined By Nature
Magnificent Santeetlah Shores homesite is just minutes away from Robbinsville. This ready to build lot is gently sloping and completely usable. Situated on a knoll, the wooded 0.715 acre parcel provides a perfect spot to build the vacation or retirement Lake Santeetlah view home
Bring Your Fishing Pole!
Large wooded lot containing approximately two acres with Little Snowbird creek running through it (land on both sides of creek) near Little Snowbird Road. Located in the established development of Snowbird Woods Subdivision with over 300 feet of creek frontage.
Two Lots for the Price of One!
REDUCED!! Located in prestigious Cross Creek, a Lake Santeetlah upscale waterfront community. Features of the immaculately maintained development include paved access, community well, clubhouse, tennis courts, swimming pool and fish pond.
Sweetwater Home
If you are looking for property within walking distance from the Appalachain Trail this is it. 2 bedroom 2 bath home with walkout finished basement sits on approximately 3 1/2 acres with storage building and additional septic tank.


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I understood that N-400 required disclosure of any arrests where fine was greater than $500 and did not include misdemeanor charges ?. I omitted a public intoxication charge in 2005 where I was fined $300. I am concerned that not disclosing this will affect my application and need to know what I should do to adjust the N-400 application
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Simply tell this to the examiner at the interview and bring the record of conviction with you.
I would concur with the previous answer. Tell the adjudicating officer from the onset of the N400 interview that you wish to amend your N400.
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Medium | Male
Dugan is a 1-2 year old Schnauzer mix. Very shy initially. but warms up. Would do really well in a quieter home.
We are privately funded by donations and adoption fees and are always very grateful if you can add a little extra donation to help us continue our rescue work. Please complete our Adoption Application to start the adoption process. For general questions you can Contact Us via email or visit our website by clicking our logo.


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My siblings and I talk like Midwesterners, although none of us live there (or have ever lived there). Our mother was a Midwesterner: born and raised in Chicago. Daddy was also a Midwesterner, born/raised in St. Louis, although he had Southern roots: his mother was born/raised in Tennessee, as were her people, while his father's people were South Carolinians all the way back to the 1600s.
This Southern thread manifested itself in the way we were allowed to call our parents' friends names like Miss Diane and Colonel Frank or Uncle Bill and Aunt Elaine, rather than the more traditional Mr. and Mrs. Ours was a household in which "C'mon in this house!" was a lifestyle straight out of my father's Southern upbringing in the heart of the Midwest. (His speech, however, was unadulterated Midwest. Witness the way he prounced his home state of Missouri, which came out Mizz-ooo-ruh.)
My father was in the air force; over time our family lived in various places all over the country. We kids met and played with kids from other places who were in our situation. So I was exposed to regional differences in speech (among other things) at an early age. Oh yes, accents are fun. I can tell Illinois from Missouri, Wisconsin from Michigan, Tennessee from Georgia, North Carolina from South Carolina (no mean feat). But my parents were essentially Midwesterners, and we all sounded like that.
Until we moved to California when I was seven (and where I stayed through school). I pretty quickly became a California girl (far out, man), but those family vacations "home" to Illinois, where I had a multitude of cousins, were a great source of material to feed my budding interest in regionalism—both accents and words. In Yorkville everything was woulda, coulda, shoulda, things my mother, the amateur linguist, had painstakingly trained out of us. (We said ed-you-cation, not ed-joo-cation. And we by God said yes, not yeah.) Most interesting to us kids, my cousins called carbonated drinks pop—it sounded like pahp—whereas we called them soda. (I was delighted to stumble on this pop/soda map awhile back; you can imagine my joy. However, it doesn't cover the designation soda pop, which my father used. In the South, of course, the point is moot. We drink Coke.)
Words are just as interesting as accents, I think. Some years ago a friend of mine moved from Tennessee to Michigan and followed up with this report:
"People almost never say you're welcome up here. Synonyms include sure, you bet, you betcha, and no problem. All four responses really mean you're welcome, but on a deeper level no problem means you are welcome, although it was a bit of a pain for me. I'm not kidding."
I thought of this when I stumbled on an interview with Henry Alford, author of Would It Kill You to Stop Doing That? A Modern Guide to Manners, who says, "Don't say no problem unless an actual problem has been averted. It's false modesty." (Your Editor makes a mental note to stop saying no problem.)
Now I've lived in the South for … well, a long time. When I go "home" to California, my friends giggle and say I have a southern accent. Here in Tennessee, I often get asked where I'm from. If you want to know where you're from—or where your accent says you're from—you can take this little test. Me? I'm from "the Midlands."
Tol' ya!
Tweet: I am a Woman Without a Region. I talk like a Midwesterner, but never lived there.
Tweet: Regional words are just as interesting as regional accents.
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Mattress Removal in Wrightwood, CA
Mattress removal services in Wrightwood, CA will give you the perfect way to get rid of the old mattress in your home so you will no longer have to figure out what to do with it. If you don't want to go to all the trouble of hauling your mattress down to the curb, it is highly recommended that you start looking into our Wrightwood mattress removal services because of how beneficial they can be. When you a hire one of our professionals for these services, you will not have to do any heavy lifting whatsoever.
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Those who pay for Wrightwood mattress removal services will find that they can get their mattress removed whenever they want. All you will have to do is simply call up one of our professionals and make an appointment for them to come to your home. No matter what size mattress you may have, you can be absolutely sure that our Wrightwood mattress removal professionals will be able to get it out of your house and dispose of it in a proper, eco-friendly way. If you don't want to do all of the work that is needed to dispose of a big mattress, these services are worth taking a close look at.
Mattress Removal Companies
Larry & Sons Recycling
4635 Lindero St
Phelan, CA 92371
Bumble Bee Landscaping
5625 Sunnyslope Rd
Phelan, CA 92371
Los Angeles Property Preservation & Trash Outs
Wrightwood, CA 92397


text: Sorry if there is a similar thread . Right my price range is upto £35 . Im not the type of person who takes there ipod sky diving or some other extreme sportPlease Register or Log in to view images , but I do take it to town and around with me . I want something that protects my ipod well that would take a drop from my hand . But not to bulky .


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» posted by Igor on Thursday, November 5th, 2015
!! OMG, Morehead Kentucky clerk issues marriage certificate to lesbian couple while Kim Davis hides, zealot shouts at them !!
Is it terrible that I kinda want my gay marriage licence issued to me while a crazy, religious zealot yells obscenities at me? Amazing that they would even let that happen!
Oh, and apparently Kim Davis was hiding out in the back the whole time.
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Where can I buy or order washing soda?
By Trudi from Attalla, AL
You should be able to buy the washing soda in a grocery store. Let your fingers do the walking and call some grocery stores in your area. Better to buy it locally then to order online since you would end up paying shipping charges.
Go to the Arm and Hammer website. They make this product but not all the stores carry it. You can find out what stores near you carry it.
I couldn't find washing soda in grocery stores around here but I found it at a swimming pool supply store...it is called sodium carbonate.
I can buy it in my local Walmart.
I can buy it in my local Walmart.
I can find washing soda in the detergent aisle of the grocery store. Usually on the very top or very bottom shelf.
Try your local hardware store. I have found many carry it.
I live in northeast Ohio have been searching for washing soda for about a month; no stores that had it were close to me. I finally found a store by me that carries it! Go to a local Heinen's, it's $2.99 (or maybe it was $3.99) for a box (the one I got was 3 lbs. 7 oz.).
By SuzyQ82 from Willoughby, OH
Any hardware or "general store" worth it's salt should have it. Look in the laundry detergent aisle. I bought mine at Ace Hardware. They even knew I was making laundry detergent! (11/30/2010)
By femdyk
I just ordered on Ace hardware online! Free shipping if you pick it up at your local store! Yeah! (02/03/2011)
By hammyysu
Where can I find washing soda?
By Robert from Dudley,NC
Washing Soda can be purchased in the detergent section of most any large grocery store. One of the members on Thriftyfun said that Ace Hardware store will special order it for you. (10/29/2009)
By MCW
You can buy Arm and Hammer Super Washing Soda in 55 oz. container for $6.99 from drugstore.com (10/30/2009)
By foxrun41
You have to take into consideration if you buy on line, there will be shipping charges. (10/30/2009)
By MCW
At Dollar stores, good luck. (10/30/2009)
By kffrmw88
I just bought some Arm and Hammer washing soda at a ShopRite supermarket. I've seen it in WalMart, too. (10/30/2009)
By OliveOyl
It's often sold in old fashioned hardware stores, if you can find one. Possibly even in a newer on, in the painting preparation department. It would be near TSP, tri-sodium phosphate which is for cleaning really dirty surfaces before painting, that sort of thing.You used to be able to find it with detergents and borax. No more. (10/30/2009)
By PIKKA
Agree with MCW. It's at most big grocery/discount stores, like Wal-Mart, K-Mart, etc. Look in the detergent section in the less visible places, like down on the very bottom shelf toward the middle of the section. Companies pay to place their products in the most eye-catching locations in stores, and the washing soda doesn't seem to get that kind of promotion, so it's usually in the least desirable position. Once you know that, though, it's usually not hard to find! And of course, if you don't see it, ask.
One caution about the suggestions for online purchase. Washing soda's a relatively heavy thing to ship, and a cheap thing to buy, so any shipping costs are likely to affect the price significantly in the wrong direction! (11/01/2009)
By sterghe
Wal-mart and Meijer both carry washing soda, also Kroger Stores carry it if you cant find it talk to you store manager and let them know they reaqlly need to start carry it. (11/01/2009)
By dsbaby14
Meijer carries Arm and Hammer Washing Soda. You'll find it in with the Borax in the laundry aisle. If your local Meijer doesn't have it. Ask them to order it for you. They usually will special order items for a customer at no extra cost. Good luck! (11/01/2009)
By Shosha
I buy Arm and Hammer Washing Soda at Fred Meyers in WA state. I think they are a part of the Kroger stores. It's on a top shelf in the laundry section along with Borax (which I use in homemade dishwasher detergent.) I use washing soda for all my tough jobs, including scrubbing the bathtub, it removes oils fast and easy! I also use it on really tough cooking pans and other messes. It is the best cleaner I'm using right now! (11/01/2009)
By DannieB
If you have a local Ace Hardware store and they don't carry it on the shelf, you can order it online and they offer free shipping to your local store. (11/14/2009)
I couldn't find it either, but on Ebay found a place that sells it and gave details on the active ingredient....sodium carbonate. Went to a $.99 cent store and they sell Rinso Laundry Detergent which has sodium carbonate in it. Then went to Wal-Mart looking for Fels Naptha, which they don't have, but do have Zote soap which I've seen advertised to make your own laundry detergent. You can get 20 mule team Borax at most grocery stores. Saved a ton on shipping by not ordering this stuff online. :) (02/25/2010)
By tecolote
I have called about 50 different convenience stores in my area and found one that new what it was and carried it, but was out right now, but I also called Harris teeter (Durham, NC) and they do carry it. Some people say that Vons carries it but the closet one to me is 221 miles away, my pharmacist also said its just sodium carbonate, which is ph+ in the pool section of Walmart. It is by arm n hammer and in a big tube. I hope this may help someone out their looking for it. (06/23/2010)
By mp030103
I am looking for a place where I can purchase Washing soda?
I am starting to make most of my own cleaning products and I am really enjoying it, but lots of the recipes that I have found require something called Washing soda.


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Category:Jonathan Coleman (politician)
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jonathan David Coleman (born 23 September 1966) is a New Zealand politician.
Media in category "Jonathan Coleman (politician)"
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These cinnamon raisin cookies are truly a melt-in-your-mouth dreamy treat. They're soft and crisp, and buttery and cinnamon-y -- all at once! Of all time!? Well, I do want to be humble, but . . .Yes . . . of all time!These cookies are SO incredibly buttery and cinnamon-y! And the raisins – oh, the raisins – … [Read more...]
Honey Spiced Banana Muffins Recipe
Honey Spiced Banana Muffins not only a lovely breakfast with coffee, but they double as dessert! They're warmly spiced, honey-sweetened and, you guessed it -- oh-so-delicious!You must be starving!I haven't fed you since last week, when we had Brownie Pretzel S'mores. They were pretty over-the-top, right?And … [Read more...]
Brownie Pretzel S'mores
Sweet and salty, ooey-gooey and oh-so chocolaty! This is a S'more you won't want to miss! Are you having a good day? A not so good day? An okay day? Whatever the day is like, whatever your mood is like, I promise you this . . . . eating one of these Brownie Pretzel S'mores will make it a fantastic day!As … [Read more...]
Summer Melon Recipes
From cocktails and pies, to salads and sushi, juicy and flavorful summer melons are the star ingredient in all of these recipes! And even though they're not red, white and blue -- they would all be lovely at your 4th of July barbecue! How much do you love to sink your teeth into fresh, sweet and juicy summer … [Read more...]
No-Churn Pineapple Guava Ice Cream Recipe
Luscious and creamy, with a tropical fruity and nutty flavor, this no-churn ice cream is the perfect, easy and delicious summer treat!I'm wondering if the following has ever happened to you. . . .You taste something and it's delicious, and you think you know what it is, but really, you have absolutely no idea -- … [Read more...]
Gluten-Free Brownie Cake Recipe and Then Some . . .
You won't believe that this brownie cake is gluten-free. It's rich and chocolaty, and the creamy and light texture — that's somewhere between a dense brownie and an airy cake — is out of this world! I have a lot to say today, and while I hope you check it out, if you're simply interested in getting to the recipe, … [Read more...]
A Dozen Mother's Day Recipes From my Mom
A dozen mouth-watering recipes from my mom or inspired by her -- all are made with love.My mom was an absolutely amazing cook who rarely, if ever, followed a recipe. She created masterpieces from leftovers – and her meals often had many "secret ingredients." My mom shared her kitchen with me when I was growing up, and … [Read more...]
Pink Lemonade-Coconut Bars {Gluten-Free Recipe}
These delectable lemon bars will make you a star -- they're sweet, tart and oh-so-pretty! Though they appear more yellow than pink, these are quite literally pink lemon bars! I used Frieda's Pink Lemons, and they are absolutely stunning. So stunning that I just had to paint a pretty picture with them -- in the form … [Read more...]
10 Beautiful Blood Orange Recipes
The Beauty of a Blood Orange knows no bounds -- this winter citrus should be celebrated! If you visit Cooking On The Weekends regularly, you know I often love to pause and admire the beauty of whole, fresh ingredients.A blood orange is a perfect example of a food that is art. I mean, are you kidding me!? Look at … [Read more...]
Persimmon Gingerbread Recipe
Quick and easy to bake, super delicious, Persimmon Gingerbread is packed with soul-warming spices. Christmas breakfast, anyone?It's so that weekend.That weekend to bake amazingly delicious dessert bread.Dessert bread full of warming spices that make the whole house smell good. Dessert bread with spices so … [Read more...]


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The Exploding Worship Arts Podcast is a daily show featuring Worship Arts Ministers from around the World! With more than 90,000 Listeners worldwide, we are now heard on iTunes, IHeartRadio, & Spreaker!
Christian Gill age 16 is an 10th grade student at Mount Vernon High School. Singing since the age of 3 he aspires to be a professional gospel singer. Called to ministry at an early age, Christian continues to lift his voice and show the young people that it's ok to sing about the Lord.
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Designer Noa Raviv's "Hard Copy" collection has been bending space-time as well as turning heads all over the fashion world. Raviv revs fashion up into high tech: She uses 3D printing technology to create the vectors, grids, and curved polygons that act as the centerpieces of her futuristic dresses.
At first glance, her collection looks like something Escher would come up with if he had gone into outer space — and learned to put the pedal to the metal on a sewing machine. Raviv's 3D-printed dresses utilize negative space and evocative bold lines that abruptly end, a trajectory to nowhere. Some mark outlines around the stoic models, almost reminiscent of cut-out paper dolls.
If you were to describe Raviv's designs as purely brainy, though, that wouldn't be entirely correct either. Her pieces are mash-ups of the classical and the plugged-in modern, organic yet precisely calculated. The recurring hollow grid pattern seems to inevitably draw a comparison to wire frame mannequins, perhaps implying that the work is incomplete with the wearer, who — in this case — gazes archly from amidst blossoming toruses and geometric anemones.
According to Raviv, she wanted to explore "the tension between the real and the virtual, between 2D and 3D." After having won the 2014 Finy Leitersdorf Prize for her creative efforts, it would seem that her experiment was certainly a triumph.


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October 14, 2009
CITY OF SAN JOSE, PLAINTIFF AND RESPONDENT,v.INTERNATIONAL ASSN. OF FIREFIGHTERS, LOCAL 230, DEFENDANT AND APPELLANT;PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS BOARD, INTERVENOR AND RESPONDENT.
(Santa Clara County Super. Ct. No. CV075858). Trial Judge: Honorable Neal A. Cabrinha.
This appeal arose out of a labor dispute between respondent City of San Jose and appellant International Association of Firefighters, Local 230, which represents city firefighters. At issue here is the role of the agency charged with administering public employment statutes, the Public Employment Relations Board (PERB). After the trial court permitted it to intervene, PERB made a successful motion to dismiss the action based on the agency"s exclusive initial jurisdiction over the underlying labor dispute.
Appellant challenges the judgment of dismissal on both constitutional and statutory grounds. First, appellant asserts, under state constitutional home rule provisions, the dispute concerns a municipal affair that is beyond the employment statute"s reach. Moreover, appellant contends, even assuming that the statute applies, when correctly interpreted, it denies PERB jurisdiction in this case. Finally, appellant urges, a recent statutory amendment compels reversal of the judgment of dismissal.
We agree with appellant"s final contention, which we find dispositive. We therefore reverse the judgment of dismissal on that ground.
To provide context for our discussion of the facts and the parties" contentions, we begin by briefly summarizing the legal principles in play here.
Constitutional Home Rule Authority
The provision of the California Constitution pertinent to appellant"s constitutional argument is article XI, section 5, commonly known as "home rule" authority. (Horton v. City of Oakland (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 580, 584-585, disapproved on another ground in O'Connell v. City of Stockton (2007) 41 Cal.4th 1061, 1075, fn. 3.) Under this constitutional authority, "insofar as a charter city legislates with regard to municipal affairs, its charter prevails over general state law." (Sonoma County Organization of Public Employees v. County of Sonoma (1979) 23 Cal.3d 296, 315.) "However, as to matters of statewide concern, charter cities remain subject to state law." (Id. at pp. 315-316.)
The Relevant Public Employment Statute
Various statutes govern public employment. (See Coachella Valley Mosquito & Vector Control Dist. v. California Public Employment Relations Bd. (2005) 35 Cal.4th 1072, 1084-1086 (Coachella Valley).) At issue here is the Meyers-Milias-Brown Act (MMBA), codified at Government Code sections 3500-3511.*fn1 The MMBA "governs collective bargaining and employer-employee relations for most California local public entities, including cities, counties, and special districts." (Coachella Valley,at p. 1077.)
Agency Jurisdiction
Generally speaking, the Public Employment Relations Board has exclusive initial jurisdiction over claims of unfair practices, as defined by the MMBA. (§ 3509, subd. (b); Coachella Valley, supra, 35 Cal.4th at p. 1077.) For these purposes, unfair practice charges include not only claimed violations of the MMBA, but also claimed violations "of any rules and regulations adopted by a public agency" under the MMBA. (§ 3509, subd. (b); § 3507, subd. (d).) Where PERB has exclusive initial jurisdiction, the courts retain "only appellate, as opposed to original, jurisdiction to review PERB"s decisions." (International Federation of Prof. & Technical Engineers v. Bunch (1995) 40 Cal.App.4th 670, 677; see § 3509.5.)
Public Employment Dispute Resolution Through Interest Arbitration
In this case, the underlying labor dispute concerns the arbitrability of certain proposals put forth by appellant during collective bargaining. "Resolution of disputed contract issues through a binding process is commonly referred to as "interest arbitration" in labor law." (Hess Collection Winery v. Agricultural Labor Relations Bd. (2006) 140 Cal.App.4th 1584, 1596.) " "Interest arbitration, unlike grievance arbitration, focuses on what the terms of a new agreement should be, rather than the meaning of the terms of the old agreement." " (Id. at pp. 1596-1597; accord, County of Sonoma v. Superior Court (2009) 173 Cal.App.4th 322, 342.) Given the constitutional dimension of local government autonomy, the Legislature may not compel a city or county to submit involuntarily to binding interest arbitration. (County of Riverside v. Superior Court (2003) 30 Cal.4th 278, 282, 284.)
Respondent City of San Jose is a charter city. Appellant International Association of Firefighters, Local 230, is a recognized employee organization that represents city firefighters. By statutory definition, both parties are subject to the MMBA. (§ 3501, subd. (b).)
Contract Negotiations; Impasse; Interest Arbitration
Starting in January 2004, appellant and the City were engaged in contract negotiations for a new memorandum of agreement. They failed to reach agreement on certain points. In 2005, the parties initiated impasse procedures. Under the city charter, "All disputes or controversies pertaining to wages, hours, terms and conditions of employment which remain unresolved after good faith negotiations" are subject to mandatory interest arbitration. (Charter §1111.)*fn2
In 2006, in the interest arbitration, appellant offered 36 bargaining proposals, including two pertaining to employee retirement benefits. The first of those two proposals sought to change the composition of the Police and Fire Department Retirement Board by adding an additional retired firefighter to the board. The second proposed a revised cost methodology and actuarial tracking report separating police and firefighters.
The City asserted that both proposals fell outside the scope of bargaining, and it refused to arbitrate either proposal.
Superior Court Action
In December 2006, the City filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief, seeking an order that appellant"s two bargaining proposals are outside the scope of representation and thus are not arbitrable.
In January 2007, appellant filed a counter-petition to compel arbitration. In March 2007, appellant followed up with a motion to compel arbitration, asserting that its two bargaining proposals are within the scope of representation.
In May 2007, PERB applied to intervene in the case. The trial court granted that application. PERB then moved to dismiss the entire action, based on its assertion of exclusive initial jurisdiction to determine the disputed issues. Appellant opposed the dismissal. Following a hearing, the court granted PERB"s motion to dismiss.
In August 2007, the trial court entered a judgment of dismissal.
In September 2007, appellant brought this timely appeal.
We granted leave to file two amicus curiae briefs, both supporting appellant; one was submitted by the California Professional Firefighters and the other by the International Association of Firefighters.
Two respondents" briefs were filed, defending the judgment: one by the City and the other by PERB appearing as intervenor and respondent.
After briefing was complete, appellant advised us of the enactment of Senate Bill No. 1296 (2007-2008 Regular Session), which amended section 3509, effective January 1, 2009.*fn3 (Stats. 2008, ch. 712, § 2.) We requested supplemental briefing as to whether and how that amendment affects this appeal.
I. Constitutional Issues
In the constitutional arguments presented in its briefs, appellant maintains that the city"s charter provision "is an exercise of home rule authority under Article XI, Section 5, and is not "preempted" by whatever authority PERB is accorded under Government Code § 3509."
Respondent PERB characterizes appellant"s constitutional claim as a "dated argument without any validity." According to PERB, the public employment issues presented here are not subject to the city"s home rule authority but instead are matters of statewide concern, as to which PERB has exclusive initial jurisdiction under the MMBA.
Respondent City chides both appellant and PERB for taking "rigid and absolutist positions" concerning the constitutional claims. Moreover, the City argues, this appeal raises only "theoretical questions relating to the home rule doctrine" that we need not address.
II. Statutory Interpretation Issues
In its opening brief, appellant contends that "even were it not for the constitutional principles that bar PERB from divesting the court of jurisdiction to enforce City Charter § 1111, under the language of the MMBA itself, PERB"s preemptive authority does not extend to thwarting [appellant"s] effort to enforce it." More specifically, appellant contends, the statute does not apply to the charter provision for arbitration, which cannot be considered a mere "local rule" under the MMBA. Moreover, appellant maintains, PERB lacks jurisdiction over the parties" dispute concerning the scope of representation.
PERB disagrees. As expressed in its respondent"s brief, PERB maintains that the city charter provision is a local rule subject to PERB"s exclusive initial jurisdiction. Moreover, PERB contends, under the MMBA, questions about the scope of bargaining "must first be presented to PERB and are subject to court review only after exhaustion of administrative remedies."
In its respondent"s brief, the City notes that the language in its charter provision describing what disputes are subject to interest arbitration "is identical to the language establishing the scope of representation under the MMBA" as provided in section 3504. According to the City, whether that section justifies its refusal to arbitrate the two proposals (the City"s position), or whether its refusal to arbitrate instead constitutes an unfair practice (appellant"s position), the "determination is initially within the ambit of PERB"s jurisdiction."
III. Issues Arising from the Recent Statutory Amendment
In its supplemental briefing, appellant asserts that the recent amendment "unquestionably applies to this appeal" and that it "accords exclusive jurisdiction to the superior courts with respect to "actions involving interest arbitration." "
Citing its status as a neutral administrative agency, PERB declines "to assert a position at this time" about the effect of the statutory amendment on this appeal.
The City likewise declines to take a position on the questions that we posed in our request for supplemental briefing; however, it asks us to dismiss this appeal as moot on the ground that the challenged interest arbitration has since concluded.
At the threshold, we reject the City"s claim of mootness. On the merits, we agree with appellant that the recent statutory amendment applies to this case and that it is dispositive of this appeal. To place that determination in context, we begin our substantive discussion by summarizing the legal principles relevant to our decision, specifically those concerning the MMBA and retroactivity. After setting forth the governing principles, we apply them to the case before us.
I. Threshold Issue: Mootness
A. Legal Principles
A case is moot when the reviewing court cannot provide the parties with practical, effectual relief. (MHC Operating Limited Partnership v. City of San Jose (2003) 106 Cal.App.4th 204, 214.) In such cases, the appeal generally should be dismissed. (Ibid.) But even if a case is technically moot, the court has inherent power to decide it where the issues presented are important and of continuing interest. (Burch v. George (1994) 7 Cal.4th 246, 253, fn. 4.)
B. Application
In this case, neither the appellate record nor the parties" supplemental briefing provides evidence that the underlying dispute has been resolved. But even assuming that the controversy is technically moot, given the important issues presented, "it is appropriate for us to retain and decide the matter." (Burch v. George, supra, 7 Cal.4th at p. 253, fn. 4.)
II. Substantive Issues: Relevant Legal Principles
A. The MMBA
1. Statutory Purposes
"The MMBA has two stated purposes: (1) to promote full communication between public employers and employees; and (2) to improve personnel management and employer-employee relations within the various public agencies. These purposes are to be accomplished by establishing methods for resolving disputes over employment conditions and by recognizing the right of public employees to organize and be represented by employee organizations. (§ 3500.)" (People ex rel. Seal Beach Police Officers Assn. v. City of Seal Beach (1984) 36 Cal.3d 591, 597.)
2. PERB's Authority
PERB"s authority under the MMBA includes certain enumerated powers and duties. (§ 3509, subds. (b), (c); id., subd. (a) [incorporating the powers and duties set forth in § 3541.3].) PERB thus has authority to "determine in disputed cases whether a particular item is within or without the scope of representation" and to "investigate unfair practice charges or alleged violations" of the MMBA. (§ 3541.3, subds. (b), (i).)
To carry out its duties, PERB has exclusive initial jurisdiction over unfair practice charges. (§ 3509, subd. (b); Coachella Valley, supra, 35 Cal.4th at p. 1077; City and County of San Francisco v. International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 39 (2007) 151 Cal.App.4th 938, 943 (San Francisco).) In the words of the statute: "The initial determination as to whether the charge of unfair practice is justified and, if so, the appropriate remedy shall be a matter within the exclusive jurisdiction of the board." (§ 3509, subd. (b).)
3. Recent Statutory Amendment
In 2008, the Legislature amended section 3509. (Stats. 2008, ch. 712, § 2.) The amendment added a new subdivision (e) to section 3509, which reads: "(e) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, consistent with, and pursuant to, the provisions of Sections 3500 and 3505.4, superior courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction over actions involving interest arbitration, as governed by Title 9 (commencing with Section 1280) of Part 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure, when the action involves an employee organization that represents firefighters, as defined in Section 3251."
In amending section 3509, the Legislature made a number of findings and declarations, including "where PERB"s jurisdiction over unfair labor practice charges may overlap with the statutory authority granted to other entities, the overlap should not remove the jurisdiction of other forums." (Stats. 2008, ch. 712, § 1, subd. (f).) The Legislature further found and declared: "Unlike law enforcement organizations, firefighter organizations have recently been prevented from employing other voter-adopted dispute resolution processes, which in effect changes the clear statutory language detailing PERB"s jurisdiction. This disparity has resulted in the preservation of procedural rights for law enforcement officers and the derailment of and eventual elimination of procedural rights for firefighters." (Id., subd. (g).) The findings and declarations also include this one: "The Legislature never intended, by exempting law enforcement organizations from the provisions of Senate Bill 739, enacted as Chapter 901 of the Statutes of 2000,*fn4 to, by implication, eliminate for firefighters the locally enacted procedural protections enjoyed by both law enforcement and firefighters under those provisions." (Id., subd. (h).)
B. Retroactivity
1. General Presumption of Statutes' Prospectivity
"New statutes are presumed to operate only prospectively absent some clear indication that the Legislature intended otherwise." (Elsner v. Uveges (2004) 34 Cal.4th 915, 936.) "Various statutes codify this rule of interpretation." (Tapia v. Superior Court (1991) 53 Cal.3d 282, 287, fn. 2; Evangelatos v. Superior Court (1988) 44 Cal.3d 1188, 1207-1209.)
Departure from the presumption of prospectivity is warranted only by clear legislative intent. (Californians For Disability Rights v. Mervyn's, LLC (2006) 39 Cal.4th 223, 229-230 (Californians For Disability Rights).) Thus, "in the absence of an express retroactivity provision, a statute will not be applied retroactively unless it is very clear from extrinsic sources that the Legislature or the voters must have intended a retroactive application." (Evangelatos v. Superior Court, supra, 44 Cal.3d at p. 1209.)
2. No Application to Procedural Statutes
The general presumption of prospectivity "does not preclude the application of new procedural or evidentiary statutes to trials occurring after enactment, even though such trials may involve the evaluation of civil or criminal conduct occurring before enactment." (Elsner v. Uveges, supra, 34 Cal.4th at p. 936.) "A statute affecting procedure or providing a new remedy for the enforcement of existing rights is properly applicable to actions pending when the statute becomes effective, provided that vested rights are not thereby impaired." (Dept. of Alcoholic Bev. Control v. Superior Court (1968) 268 Cal.App.2d 67, 76.)
"In deciding whether the application of a law is prospective or retroactive, we look to function, not form. [Citations.] We consider the effect of a law on a party"s rights and liabilities, not whether a procedural or substantive label best applies." (Elsner v. Uveges, supra, 34 Cal.4th at p. 936; accord, Californians For Disability Rights, supra, 39 Cal.4th at pp. 230-231.) Thus, for example, changes to the Labor Code affecting the standard of care and burden of proof, while "superficially procedural and evidentiary," in fact would "change the legal consequences of [the defendant"s] past conduct" and thus could not properly be applied to pending cases. (Elsner v. Uveges, at p. 938.) By contrast, a voter initiative that limited standing to sue for relief for unfair competition "does not change the legal consequences of past conduct by imposing new or different liabilities based on such conduct" and thus could properly be applied to pending cases. (Californians For Disability Rights, at pp. 227, 232.)
3. No Application to Repeal of Statutory Right
Despite the general presumption of prospectivity, "when a pending action rests solely on a statutory basis, and when no rights have vested under the statute, "a repeal of such a statute without a saving clause will terminate all pending actions based thereon." " (Governing Board v. Mann (1977) 18 Cal.3d 819, 829.) In other words, where "the Legislature has conferred a remedy and withdraws it by amendment or repeal of the remedial statute, the new statutory scheme may be applied to pending actions without triggering retrospectivity concerns. . . ." (Brenton v. Metabolife Internat., Inc. (2004) 116 Cal.App.4th 679, 690.) Even where the ruling was "correct under the statutes in effect at the time of the trial court judgment, a new . . . provision added during the pendency of the appeal" that effectively repeals the former statutory remedy is properly applied to the pending appeal. (Ibid., discussing Governing Board v. Mann.)
III. Analysis
In supplemental briefing, appellant argues that the recent statutory amendment to the MMBA, which is applicable to this appeal, compels the conclusion that the superior court -- not PERB -- has exclusive jurisdiction over its petition to compel interest arbitration. We find this argument dispositive of the matter before us. We therefore address that point only, without reaching appellant"s other statutory claims or its constitutional arguments.
Starting with the question of retroactivity, we first explain why the amended statute applies to this appeal. Turning next to its interpretation and application, we conclude that the amended statute requires reversal in this case.
A. Retroactivity
"We review the retroactive application of the statute de novo." (In re Marriage of Fellows (2006) 39 Cal.4th 179, 183.)
1. Lack of Clear Legislative Intent
As the first step in our analysis, we consider the evidence of legislative intent for the amendment to apply to pending actions. Having examined the legislative history of the amendment, we find no sufficiently clear evidence of such intent.
Senate Bill No. 1296 "does not expressly declare" whether the amendments are to be applied "to pending cases." (Californians For Disability Rights, supra,39 Cal.4th at p. 229.) But the Legislature did declare that it "never intended, by exempting law enforcement organizations" from PERB"s jurisdiction over the MMBA to "eliminate for firefighters the locally enacted procedural protections enjoyed by both law enforcement and firefighters[.]" (Stats. 2008, ch. 712, § 1, subd. (h).) "Certainly the foregoing statements would be consistent with an assumed intention to apply [the amendment] to pending cases. The language is not, however, sufficiently clear to compel the inference that the [Legislature] did intend the provisions so to apply." (Californians For Disability Rights, at p. 229.)
As California Supreme Court precedent teaches, "at least in modern times, we have been cautious not to infer the voters" or the Legislature"s intent on the subject of prospective versus retrospective operation from "vague phrases" [citation] and "broad, general language" [citation] in statutes, initiative measures and ballot pamphlets." (Californians For Disability Rights, supra, 39 Cal.4th at pp. 229-230.) "Accordingly, we will not attempt to infer from the ambiguous general language" a legislative intent "to apply to pending cases. Instead, we will employ the ordinary presumptions and rules of statutory construction commonly used to decide such matters when a statute is silent." (Id. at p. 230.)
2. Amendment's Impact as Procedural
We next assess whether the amendment is retrospective. We conclude that it is not, since its impact is only procedural.
In holding that a voter initiative was applicable to pending actions, the California Supreme Court explained: "To apply Proposition 64"s standing provisions to the case before us is not to apply them "retroactively," as we have defined that term, because the measure does not change the legal consequences of past conduct by imposing new or different liabilities based on such conduct. [Citation.] The measure left entirely unchanged the substantive rules governing business and competitive conduct. Nothing a business might lawfully do before Proposition 64 is unlawful now, and nothing earlier forbidden is now permitted. Nor does the measure eliminate any right to recover." (Californians For Disability Rights, supra, 39 Cal.4th at p. 232, fn. omitted.)
The same is true here: no substantive legal rights are implicated. Functionally, the 2008 amendment to the MMBA "left entirely unchanged the substantive rules governing" public employment rights. (Californians For Disability Rights, supra, 39 Cal.4th at p. 232; see County of Riverside v. Superior Court, supra, 30 Cal.4th at p. 289 [distinguishing " "between the substance of a public employee labor issue and the procedure by which it is resolved" "].) The legislative findings themselves speak in terms of "procedural protections" for firefighters. (Stats. 2008, ch. 712, § 1, subd. (h), italics added; see Brenton v. Metabolife Internat., Inc., supra, 116 Cal.App.4th at p. 691, fn. 6 [application of amended statute "does not eliminate . . . purported right, but only removes one procedural mechanism for enforcing that right"].) The only change is the initial forum in which the parties" substantive rights are pursued. (See Dept. of Alcoholic Bev. Control v. Superior Court, supra, 268 Cal.App.2d at p. 76 ["new procedures on judicial review" applied to pending case]; Landau v. Superior Court (1998) 81 Cal.App.4th 191, 215 ["change in review procedure" applied to pending case].)
The City suggests that "the statute appears to regulate jurisdiction rather than procedure." But such a characterization does not alter the ultimate impact of the amendment. (Cf., Californians For Disability Rights, supra,39 Cal.4th at p. 233 [jurisdictional challenges to standing may be raised at any time during pendency of the proceeding].) Here, even if characterized as jurisdictional, the change in forum in fact constitutes a change in the procedural mechanism for enforcing substantive rights. The label is not determinative. (Elsner v. Uveges, supra, 34 Cal.4th at p. 936.)
Since the 2008 amendment to the MMBA is properly characterized as procedural, it is not retrospective, and it may be applied to this pending litigation.
3. Amendment as Repeal of Statutory Right
Our decision to apply the amendment here is proper on another ground: repeal of PERB"s statutory grant of jurisdiction. Here, the judgment of dismissal was based on PERB"s exclusive initial jurisdiction, as conferred by section 3509 prior to its 2008 amendment. That statutory authority no longer exists as to this dispute.
In that regard, this case is similar Governing Board v. Mann, supra, 18 Cal.3d. 819. There, a school district dismissed a teacher on the basis of his marijuana conviction. (Id. at pp. 821-822.) The trial court upheld the dismissal. (Id. at p. 822.) While the teacher"s appeal was pending, "the Legislature enacted an entirely new, comprehensive statutory scheme to govern the treatment of marijuana offenders [citation]." (Ibid.) The court stated: "Although the school district maintains that the new legislation, having taken effect after the trial court judgment, should not be applied in this proceeding, a long and unbroken line of California decisions establishes beyond question that the repeal of the district"s statutory authority does affect the present action." (Ibid.) As the court explained, "since the Legislature has now withdrawn the school district"s authority to dismiss defendant on the basis of his possession of marijuana conviction, the trial court judgment in favor of plaintiff must be reversed." (Id. at p. 823.)
Under the reasoning of the California Supreme Court, as expressed in Governing Board v. Mann, "the present trial court judgment . . . clearly cannot stand. [PERB"s] authority . . . rests solely on statutory grounds, and thus under the settled common law rule the repeal of [its] statutory authority necessarily defeats this action which was pending on appeal at the time the repeal became effective." (Governing Board v. Mann, supra, 18 Cal.3d at p. 830.)
For these reasons, the amendment to section 3509 applies to the case before us.
B. Interpretation and Application of the Amended Statute
Having determined that the amendment applies to this appeal, we turn to its effect here. That consideration presents a question of statutory interpretation.
"In statutory construction cases, our fundamental task is to ascertain the intent of the lawmakers so as to effectuate the purpose of the statute." (Estate of Griswold (2001) 25 Cal.4th 904, 910.) " "We begin by examining the statutory language, giving the words their usual and ordinary meaning." " (Id. at p. 911.) "If the terms of the statute are unambiguous, we presume the lawmakers meant what they said, and the plain meaning of the language governs." (Ibid.) Where the construction of a statute is at issue, our review is de novo. (People ex rel. Lockyer v. Shamrock Foods Co. (2000) 24 Cal.4th 415, 432.)
As amended, the statute provides that "superior courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction over actions involving interest arbitration . . . when the action involves an employee organization that represents firefighters, as defined in Section 3251." (§ 3509, subd. (e).) The language of this provision is plain and unambiguous. It confers exclusive jurisdiction on the superior court -- not PERB -- provided that the necessary factual predicate exists.
Here, without question, the factual predicate for application of the statute is satisfied. This action clearly involves interest arbitration. (Hess Collection Winery v. Agricultural Labor Relations Bd., supra, 140 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1596-1597; County of Sonoma v. Superior Court, supra, 173 Cal.App.4th at p. 342.) Likewise, it clearly involves an employee organization representing firefighters. (See § 3251 [broadly defining firefighter as "any firefighter employed by a public agency" who has "successfully completed the probationary period established by his or her employer as a condition of employment"].)
Under amended section 3509, subdivision (e), the court now has exclusive jurisdiction to determine the disputed issues in this case. The judgment of dismissal was premised on a determination that PERB had exclusive initial jurisdiction. Since that premise is no longer correct, the judgment cannot stand.
The judgment of dismissal is reversed.
WE CONCUR: Elia, Acting P.J., Mihara, J.
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?In classical times San Leo bore the name of Mons Feretrus and was celebrated for a magnificent temple of Jupiter. In the persecution under Diocletian, S. Leone fled hither, a band of disciples gathered around him, and the name was changed.?
? from ?Cities of Northern and Central Italy? 1876 by Augustus John Cuthbert Hare
The ancient Romans had built a temple on the site where the castle is today. The temple was dedicated to Jupiter Feretrus, and the summit was called Mons Feretrus, Mount Feretrus, from which we get the modern Italian name for the area Montefeltro.
Feretrus derives from the Latin verb ferire, meaning strike. Feretrius is a title of Jupiter. Jupiter Feretrius means ?he who carries away the spoils of war.? In this capacity Jupiter was called upon to witness the signing of contracts and marriages and solemn oaths. The phrase ?by Jove? comes down to modern language usage from this witnessing ceremony.
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