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The stock of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) is a huge mover today! About 34.33M shares traded hands. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) has risen 156.25% since April 14, 2016 and is uptrending. It has outperformed by 151.56% the S&P500.
The move comes after 7 months positive chart setup for the $7.15 billion company. It was reported on Nov, 16 by Barchart.com. We have $11.87 PT which if reached, will make NASDAQ:AMD worth $4.15B more.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) Ratings Coverage
Out of 10 analysts covering Advanced Micro (NASDAQ:AMD), 2 rate it a "Buy", 1 "Sell", while 7 "Hold". This means 20% are positive. Advanced Micro has been the topic of 16 analyst reports since August 13, 2015 according to StockzIntelligence Inc. As per Friday, September 11, the company rating was upgraded by Bernstein. The stock has "Strong-Buy" rating given by Vetr on Tuesday, September 22. The rating was initiated by Topeka Capital Markets on Thursday, August 13 with "Hold". Mizuho maintained the stock with "Neutral" rating in Thursday, September 1 report. Canaccord Genuity maintained the shares of AMD in a report on Thursday, August 25 with "Buy" rating. The firm has "Neutral" rating by Susquehanna given on Tuesday, September 20. Bernstein downgraded Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) on Friday, July 8 to "Underperform" rating. The firm has "Neutral" rating given on Friday, July 22 by Mizuho. The rating was maintained by UBS on Monday, March 21 with "Sell". The firm has "Hold" rating by Deutsche Bank given on Wednesday, September 14.
According to Zacks Investment Research, "Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. is a world-class company with the innovation, execution, and vision to grow our leadership position in the industry. Today's world-class companies share three essential characteristics. First, they deliver innovative products and technologies that customers want. Second, they have established a proven track record of fast, efficient manufacturing execution. And third, they have a bold vision of where to take their business, and often their industry. Over the course of AMD's three decades in business, silicon and software have become the steel and plastic of the worldwide digital economy. Technology companies have become global pacesetters, making technical advances at a prodigious rate always driving the industry to deliver more and more, faster and faster. AMD's dedication to customer-centric innovation and competitive spirit is an unbroken thread running from our early days in the integrated circuit business, through an ever-broadening product portfolio."
Insitutional Activity: The institutional sentiment increased to 2.14 in Q2 2016. Its up 1.05, from 1.09 in 2016Q1. The ratio is positive, as 20 funds sold all Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. shares owned while 43 reduced positions. 53 funds bought stakes while 82 increased positions. They now own 330.20 million shares or 3.85% more from 317.95 million shares in 2016Q1.
First Trust Advisors L P has 0.01% invested in the company for 470,164 shares. Federated Invsts Pa holds 0.01% or 446,085 shares in its portfolio. Balyasny Asset Management Ltd Limited Liability Company reported 520,161 shares or 0.02% of all its holdings. Employees Retirement Association Of Colorado holds 0.01% of its portfolio in Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) for 149,167 shares. Barclays Public Limited has invested 0% of its portfolio in Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD). Mycio Wealth Ptnrs Limited Company accumulated 0% or 100 shares. Apriem Advsr, a California-based fund reported 400 shares. Nationwide Fund Advisors has invested 0.04% of its portfolio in Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD). Old Mutual Customised Solutions (Proprietary) holds 0.03% or 24,100 shares in its portfolio. Advisors Asset Mngmt has 0% invested in the company for 17,700 shares. Tudor Invest Et Al has 62,556 shares for 0.01% of their US portfolio. Thrivent Fincl For Lutherans last reported 92,770 shares in the company. Legal & General Gp Incorporated Public Limited Co reported 820,549 shares or 0% of all its holdings. Arizona State Retirement System has 267,333 shares for 0.02% of their US portfolio. Blackrock Advisors Limited Liability Corporation reported 515,668 shares or 0% of all its holdings.
Insider Transactions: Since June 2, 2016, the stock had 0 insider purchases, and 6 insider sales for $10.70 million net activity. KUMAR DEVINDER sold $2.07 million worth of stock. $4.40 million worth of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) was sold by Su Lisa T on Wednesday, November 2. Norrod Forrest Eugene had sold 224,306 shares worth $1.49 million. Papermaster Mark D also sold $1.79 million worth of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) shares. WOLIN HARRY A sold $906,661 worth of stock or 137,165 shares. SMITH DARLA M had sold 10,338 shares worth $43,730 on Thursday, June 2.
More notable recent Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) news were published by: Wsj.com which released: "Advanced Micro Devices Posts Second Straight Revenue Increase" on October 20, 2016, also Fool.com with their article: "Better Buy: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. vs. NVIDIA" published on November 02, 2016, Fool.com published: "Better Buy: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. vs. NXP Semiconductors" on October 18, 2016. More interesting news about Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMD) were released by: Seekingalpha.com and their article: "AMD: How Low Will The Major Retracement Go?" published on November 15, 2016 as well as Fool.com's news article titled: "Why PTC Therapeutics, Advanced Micro Devices, and Nordstrom Jumped Today" with publication date: November 11, 2016.
AMD Company Profile
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., incorporated on May 1, 1969, is a global semiconductor company. The Firm is engaged in offering x86 microprocessors, as a standalone central processing unit (CPU) or as incorporated into an accelerated processing unit (APU), chipsets, and discrete graphics processing units (GPUs) for the consumer, commercial and professional graphics markets, and server and embedded CPUs, GPUs and APUs, and semi-custom System-on-Chip (SoC) products and technology for game consoles. The Firm operates in two divisions: the Computing and Graphics segment, which includes desktop and notebook processors and chipsets, discrete GPUs and professional graphics, and the Enterprise, Embedded and Semi-Custom segment, which includes server and embedded processors, dense servers, semi-custom SoC products, engineering services and royalties.
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Having undesirable fat in different locations of your body can have a substantial effect on your health and self-esteem. While traditional weight-loss through exercise and diet plan is a terrific method to lose weight in general, even the very best workouts cannot target problem locations like the tummy, inner thighs, arms, and butts. Liposuction is a time tested treatment that is used to eliminate excess fat from specific areas of the body, allowing an individual to shape and contour their body to their taste. Is liposuction right for you? Discover now.
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text: Recently I thought to myself " why not create a plug-in camera for the itouch."( or w/e you wanna call the IPOD TOUCH ) My Idea Is Simliar To The Psp Camera Hook On ( Sold In China/Japan ) And this idea will make a KILLING, as no more spending over $1000 for a iphone for a CAMERA. I might start production of these plug in cameras as first I will have to test it out. Ok Cya for now as i will update this thread on IF IT WILL HAPPEN. P.s. IF IT DOESNT HAPPEN, THEN I JUST SCREWED UP AS NOW OTHER PEOPLE CAN MAKE A HUGE DEAL WITH APPLE ON THIS! Edit: I JUST RELIZED THAT THIS DOES WORK AS THERES A CAPTURE APP, THEN EVENTUALLY APPLE WILL RELEASE THEIR OWN APP SAYING "(EXAMPLE: CAMERA ADD ON )" EDIT: I WILL NOW BE DEVELOPING MY OWN AS THAT GUY LIED! P.S I WILL MAKE FIRST MODEL SOON! EDIT 4: AFTER MAYBE 2 HOURS I THINK I GOT IT, WITHOUT MAKING ANYTHING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


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that had been piled up would be forgotten and every one commenced with new assessments, according to number of acres in his place, for keeping and finishing the dam—making ditches, etc. This meant a donation of much money for two or three of us who had been on the job continuously. Over two thousand dollars on my part and as much by Brother J. C. Owens, perhaps that much by Brothers Deans and Guldbranson as well as some by the Bishop. This was all to be cancelled. I consented to do this thinking that it would unite the people. Now I with others am working on another assessment. I am now sixty-five years old and as things are going I fear that I might have to abandon the work [before completion.] I continued work until Friday, 10 July, when I hired Will Cross to go on the dam for me.
Saturday, 11th
Our ward conference began. L. M. Savage and several of the sisters came down from Snowflake. President Smith and Richards were also with us. We heard minutes and reports of the finance committee on the dam. Sustained the authorities. President Smith gave advice on the dam. L. M. Savage occupied the Sunday morning hour. 4:00 P.M., adjourned to meet six months from date.
President Richards pulled two teeth for Lula. One was knocked out by the slipping of the instruments. President Smith pulled one and got the wrong tooth. So Lula lost three teeth because one was aching. We all sympathized with her in this great loss and the bitter pain she endured. Burt had the grip. President Smith and Aunt Emma stayed all night with us, and I got up at 4:00 the next morning to put up some molasses and potatoes for them and L. M. Savage who returned to Snowflake.
July 15
Nettie came down from Taylor. Burt brought James Shumway (her husband) up from Holbrook where he had been gone for four months on a survey trip. On the 16th, N. Johnson and family went to Utah. On the 17th, I hauled water to trees in a barrel. July 18, Fasted for my daughter Adeline Savage. The Lord gave her a daughter, born on July 10th. [Name: Ruth Naomi]
July 24
I and Alice went up to Wild Cat Canyon and attended the celebration. A large crowd of us went up on the evening of the 23rd, and stayed al1 night. We had a good time. Brother Dexter gave an account of the travels of the Saints. It has been forty-four years since the Saints arrived in Salt Lake. Had dinner and returned. No rain to speak of up to this date.
Sunday, 26th
Had quite a raise in the river at 5:00 P.M. but not enough to bring the water into the ditch. I was up at 2:00 A.M. but found still no water in the ditch. We worked all this day trying to stop a leak. It rained a little
during the day.
Friday, 31st
Hauled gravel for tightening dam with my team. Guy Gardner drove my other team and at 8:00 P.M. I had the water on my lot. Stayed with it for two hours, rested one. On Saturday, August 1, found me wet and muddy. Burt came and I laid down for an hour and then worked on with him till 1:00 P.M. when President Smith, his wife, Agusta, son Ashael and little daughter arrived. They stopped and got dinner and I went on with them to attend ward conference at St. Joseph. I was quite worn out but managed to go to meetings. After supper, gave a blessing to John Miller. Had supper at Bishop Bushman's. We had music and singing in the evening. I was sung to sleep. On the 31st of July, I got a letter from Patriarch George Brimhall of Spanish Fork.
August 6
Planted turnips, but water was low in the reservoir and for two days could not get it on lot. I was much exercised over the forlorn condition. Wrote a letter to Brother Reidhead and we got a beef of B. Porter and dealt it out to the men [working on the dam.]
Wednesday, 12th
A good stream came into our ditches. Guldbranson, Lillywhite, Reidhead and Deans watered most of their lucern. On Thursday, still some water but it began to fail.
August 13
My dear companion, Alice, was taken sick, cramping and vomiting. Friday, still very sick. I made pins for the dam and hauled stuff to tighten it. Brother Dexter worked with me. Lula was in Taylor. She came home Saturday. Alice still no better. We have administered to her. I hauled three loads of weeds to the dam; had some little boys to help me. I suffered much with rheumatism in my left shoulder. At 6:00 P.M. I called the Bishop and three others to administer to dear Alice. She suffered much during the night. Sunday, the 16th, I was called to administer to Sister Duffin who was made better. Lula and I fasted and prayed for dear Alice as she has been terrible sick. The Lord heard our prayers and Alice recovered. Sunday, the 23rd, held our conference at Pine Dale. Stayed at McCleve's. Came back as far as Taylor with President Smith, There I loaded up with hay and on Tuesday, came home with my hay and found Alice much improved in health.
August 26
I repaired fence and attended a birthday party for my son Albert, twenty-three years. No water in town. Thursday, wrote to my son, H. E. Hatch. Fixed up sheds and mangers.
Friday, 28th
Took my wife, Lula, Sister Webb and children and drove to Taylor for stake conference. At High Council


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November 19, 2012
HOME FOR THE ARMENIAN AGED, INC., D/B/A THE ARMENIAN NURSING & REHABILITATION CENTER, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT,v.ARAXIE SYMEONIDIS AND EUGENIE BABOUDJIAN, DEFENDANTS-RESPONDENTS.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-0578-10.
Submitted September 11, 2012
Before Judges Alvarez and Waugh.
Plaintiff Home for the Armenian Aged (the Home) appeals the October 12, 2011 dismissal with prejudice after trial of its complaint against defendant Araxie Symeonidis. Final judgment by default had previously been entered against the second defendant, Eugenie Baboudjian. For the following reasons, we affirm.
Symeonidis and Baboudjian met in 2006. Symeonidis, a certified home health care aide, and Baboudjian, who was then living alone and was in her late eighties or early nineties, are Armenian. Symeonidis speaks English but has a limited ability to read or write English.
Shortly after becoming acquainted, Baboudjian and Symeonidis agreed that Baboudjian would move to Symeonidis's home in order for Symeonidis to care for her full-time. Baboudjian's attorney prepared a contract memorializing their understanding, and although not entirely clear from the record, Baboudjian signed two powers-of-attorney designating Symeonidis as her attorney-in-fact, one giving her access to Baboudjian's bank account, and the other a general power-of-attorney authorizing her to make arrangements for Baboudjian's medical care.
The agreement was mutually satisfactory. After Baboudjian fell a third time while in Symeonidis's home, however, the Hackensack University Medical Center, Baboudjian's treating hospital, instead of releasing her, transferred her to the Home on September 19, 2008. Symeonidis was not consulted about the decision and, in fact, learned of it only when she went to the hospital to visit and found Baboudjian was gone. In hospital records, Symeonidis was listed both as the power-of-attorney and next-of-kin, although only the former was accurate.
At trial, Matthew Russo, the Home's administrator, testified that Baboudjian, "despite seeming" coherent and lucid on the date of transfer, refused to sign the Home's twenty-two-page "Admissions Agreement." Therefore, a few days later, the Home obtained Symeonidis's signature instead. The Admissions Agreement purported to make Symeonidis personally liable for the cost of Baboudjian's care. The document also obliged Symeonidis to apply on Baboudjian's behalf for Medicaid coverage, if Baboudjian's own assets and Social Security benefits should prove insufficient.
Although Russo recalled telling Symeonidis to read and sign each page of the document, he remembered no other detail regarding their meeting. Despite testifying that Symeonidis was the party "responsible" for expenses pursuant to the Agreement, Russo candidly admitted that the Home had not expected Symeonidis to pay Baboudjian's bills because she was not related nor otherwise legally responsible. The Home did expect Symeonidis to apply for Medicaid benefits, however, and pay any balance due from Baboudjian's estate. Because Symeonidis unsuccessfully applied for Medicaid twice, the Home itself eventually applied for Medicaid benefits for Baboudjian through the Bergen County Board of Social Services. Though Baboudjian was not receiving Medicaid at the time of trial, Russo explained that after a penalty period, the Home would receive Medicaid reimbursement for Baboudjian's care commencing April 2012.
The trial judge found all the witnesses credible, including Jill Kerrs, a bookkeeper, who testified that the Home was owed $272,205.66 for services rendered to Baboudjian. Kerrs had no knowledge regarding individual charges, only that the amount was the total unpaid balance due for Baboudjian's care on the Home's books and records.
The trial judge noted that the fourteen separate counts in plaintiff's complaint included demands based on contract principles as well as other theories, such as quantum meruit. She also observed that Symeonidis's signature on the Agreement was not even necessary, as Baboudjian, the actual patient, was competent when she was transferred to the Home from the hospital. The judge found the Admissions Agreement to be a contract of adhesion because the lengthy form was boilerplate, presented to Symeonidis by the Home on a take-it-or-leave-it basis, and Symeonidis did not understand its terms, given her limited grasp of written English. Furthermore, the judge opined that "by implication" Symeonidis was forced to sign, as otherwise, Symeonidis feared Baboudjian would not receive necessary care. Although the contract did not violate public policy per se, and was not entered into through unconscionable means, Symeonidis perceived herself to have no real alternative but to sign it.
Additionally, the Home did not actually expect Symeonidis to pay for Baboudjian's nursing home care out of her own funds, because she and Baboudjian were not related. This factor may have also lulled Symeonidis into a false sense of security about the Admissions Agreement as she might have assumed that, despite her signature, she would not be held personally responsible.
Finally, the court concluded that the sum in dispute, $272,205.66, had not been proven by plaintiff by a preponderance of the evidence. Plaintiff did not proffer any testimony regarding the nature or value of specific services, or of specific charges, only testimony as to the total unpaid balance. Hence the trial court dismissed the complaint in its entirety.
Plaintiff raises two points for our consideration on appeal:
THE TRIAL COURT'S FINDING THAT EVEN IF LIABILITY CAN ATTACH TO DEFENDANT, THERE WAS NO PROOF OF DAMAGES IS IN ERROR UNDER THE PLAIN ERROR STANDARD The Home disputes the trial judge's finding that the Admissions Agreement was a contract of adhesion. That this standardized preprinted contract was presented to Symeonidis, a person with limited English-language skills and no legal responsibility for the cost of Baboudjian's care, on a take-itor-leave-it basis, however, weighs in favor of the finding. See Rudbart v. N. Jersey Dist. Water Supply Comm'n, 127 N.J. 344, 356 ("Thus, in determining whether to enforce the terms of a contract of adhesion, courts have looked not only to the take-it-or-leave-it nature or the standardized form of the document but also to the . . . parties' relative bargaining positions . ."), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 871, 113 S. Ct. 203, 121 L.Ed. 145 (1992); Ruszala v. Brookdale Living Cmtys., Inc., 415 N.J. Super. 272, 294-95 (App. Div. 2010) ("A contract of adhesion 'is . . . presented commonly in a standardized printed form, without opportunity for the adhering party to negotiate except perhaps on a few particulars.'" (quotation omitted) (quoting Rudbart, supra, 127 N.J. at 353)).
Symeonidis was not afforded the opportunity to consult with an attorney or given an Armenian-language version of the document. Therefore, the judge's opinion that this was a contract of adhesion, "evidencing indicia of procedural unconscionability," was not error. See Ruszala, supra, 415 N.J. Super. at 279.
Moreover, it was unrefuted that Symeonidis believed that if she did not sign, Baboudjian would not receive necessary care, in addition to her confusion about the meaning of the Admissions Agreement. Nothing in the record compels us to disturb these findings, based on the trial judge's determination that Symeonidis was a credible witness. See State v. Locurto, 157 N.J. 463, 474 (1998) ("Appellate courts should defer to trial courts' credibility findings that are often influenced by matters such as observations of the character and demeanor of witnesses and common human experience that are not transmitted by the record.").
After finding that the Admissions Agreement was a contract of adhesion, the judge then addressed the further question of whether it would be unconscionable to enforce it, as not all contracts of adhesion are unenforceable. See Muhammad v. Cnty. Bank of Rehoboth Beach, 189 N.J. 1, 15-16 (2006), cert. denied, 549 U.S. 1338, 127 S. Ct. 2032, 167 L. Ed. 2d 763 (2007) (explaining that a contract of adhesion begins a "sharpened inquiry" into unconscionability based on factors such as bargaining power, the contract's subject matter, the public interest, and "the degree of economic compulsion motivating the 'adhering' party"). After taking into account the circumstances surrounding Symeonidis's signature, the judge also took into account Symeonidis's expressed belief the document only made it possible for the Home to care for Baboudjian. Russo himself said that the Home did not anticipate pursuing Symeonidis personally for the debt, thereby unwittingly conveying the false impression that signing the Admissions Agreement had "no urgency" and "no financial importance."
We agree with the trial judge's conclusion that under these circumstances it would be unconscionable to hold Symeonidis responsible. She was confused about the meaning of the Admissions Agreement, may have been innocently misled by the Home staff, had limited literacy language skills, and was not personally responsible for Baboudjian's care. Given the subject matter of the contract, the parties' relative bargaining positions, the degree of economic compulsion motivating the adhering party, and the public interests affected by such contracts, the judge did not err in determining that the contract was unenforceable due to substantive unconscionability. See Ruszala, supra, 415 N.J. Super. at 296. As the trial court said, it is not in the public interest to permit providers to make strangers responsible for nursing home expenses in excess of a quarter of a million dollars. See id.
Because we agree that this was an unenforceable contract of adhesion, we affirm dismissal of the complaint against Symeonidis with prejudice. Thus we do not reach plaintiff's second point, that the court was presented with adequate proofs regarding damages.
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A SIGNED first edition of a Great War novel will raise hundreds of pounds for good causes, charity volunteers hope.
An edition of Sebastian Faulks' Birsdsong was donated to the Oxfam Bookshop, in Cornmarket, Thame, which was sent to the author to sign.
It was then returned with the inscription "To commemorate the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War – and all that was lost."
The book will now be sold in a sealed bid auction, starting today, with the winner announced at 11am on Monday, August 4 – the 100th anniversary since Britain entered the First World War.
The shop's manager, Dick Jennens, said: "We are thrilled Mr Faulks took the time to sign and inscribing this book to Oxfam.
"We expect there to be lots of interest and so will run a sealed bid auction to raise the most amount for Oxfam's work."
Shop staff asked Oxfam's head office to approach Sebastian Faulks because he contributed to a book of short stories the charity published in 2009.
It is thought first editions of Birdsong cost between £400 and £500, but Mr Jennens hopes it could fetch up to £700.
This would help pay for 200 buckets which would help refugees carry water, he said.
Mr Jennens said: "People have been so generous and we have a magnificent range of books about the war.
"Oxfam is responding to help refugees of many conflicts at the moment so we hope this raises much-needed funds for them."
The auction will start at 9.30am today and will close at noon on August 2. Bids should be made directly to the shop.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 1, 2000
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 1997
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 1997
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Guillermo Sapiro, Gadiel Seroussi, Marcelo Weinberger
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (26), Classifications (11), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates generally to image compression, and, more particularly, to low complexity near-lossless compression having having an embedded causal, context-based, single-pass adaptive filtering for use with pre-defined decoders.
The use of compression algorithms for efficient data storage and communication has become a key component in most digital imaging systems. In many applications a reduction in the amount of resources required to store or transmit data is crucial, so that compression can be viewed as an enabling technology. Image compression algorithms are broadly classified into lossy (irreversible) schemes, for which the original pixel intensities cannot be perfectly recovered from the encoded bit stream, lossless (reversible) schemes, for which the coding algorithms yield decompressed images identical to the original digitized images, and near- lossless schemes, where the error, pixel-by-pixel, between the original and reconstructed images is bounded by a pre-determined value.
One example of a lossless/near-lossless image compressor system is known as JPEG-LS. JPEG-LS is described in "JPEG-LS: Lossless/near-loss image compression, "Committee Draft 14495, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1, March 1997, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a lossless/near-lossless encoding system like JPEG-LS and is described in greater detail below. Other related compression systems are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/503,792 entitled "System and Method for Lossless Image Compression", filed Jul. 18, 1995 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,680,129 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/706,010, entitled "System and Method for Lossless Image Compression Having Improved Sequential Determination of Golomb Parameter", filed Aug. 30, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,764,374 both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
An ever important goal in the image compression art is to reduce the number of bits required to encode an image. One technique used in JPEG-LS to achieve a high compression rate is to encode runs of consecutive pixels that are bound with respect to the last pixel before the run by a pre-defined value (near) using a code indicative of the length of the run.
In JPEG-LS the encoder uses previously encoded data to detect "flat zones," in which case the encoder enters run mode. In run mode, encoding is done on runs of consecutive samples of value equal to the last encoded sample (lossless) or of values that are within the maximal allowed error near of the last encoded sample (near-lossless mode).
In certain applications, small variations in "unimportant" information in an image can throw the encoder out of run mode. For example, in many photographic images, the background is of relatively low importance in terms of content and is often of nearly uniform color and light intensity. Similarly, in many scanned images due to artifacts from the scanning process, what would ideally be a solid area may contain certain pixels that have digitized values that are slightly off from their neighbors. Such variations make runs much shorter than what should be encoded as runs to achieve a better compression rate.
It is therefore desireable to have an encoder that improves run length encoding in "unimportant" areas without losing detail in "important" areas of images. "Important" and "unimportant" may be subjective terms, but generally solid regions, such as background, contain less important information than regions with large pixel-to-pixel variations in pixel values.
JPEG-LS is a standard that specifies a particular algorithm for decoding of images that have been encoded according to the standard. It would be desirable to achieve better run length encoding of images while allowing end-users to decode the images using a standard unmodified JPEG-LS decoder.
The present invention achieves an improvement in the encoding of images by providing a context dependent threshold value near. Generally, according to the invention there may be one value for near for each context. No modification to the decoder is necessary, as it assumes that the entire image was encoded using one unique value for near.
In one embodiment, the present invention achieves an improved run length encoding in near-lossless compression mode than the standard JPEG-LS encoder without requiring any modification to the standard JPEG-LS decoder. In that embodiment one value for near is used in regular modes and another value, runnear, is used in run mode. The decoder assumes that runnear is equal to near, which is the only information available to it.
One advantage of the present invention over the prior art is improved compression rates without a substantial deterioration in image quality of reconstructed images and without significant additional computation.
Still other advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the detailed description, wherein we have shown and described the preferred embodiments of the invention, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated by us of carrying out our invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
The invention is best understood by referring to the drawings accompanying this specification in which like numerals represent like elements. As a convention, elements bearing a reference numeral followed by a single or multiple apostrophes is an identical element or similar to, but a variation of, the element bearing the numeral without an apostrophe and any other elements with the same reference numeral but having a different number of apostrophes.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical lossless/near-lossless image compression scheme of the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a causal template used by JPEG-LS encoders (as well as encoders according to the invention) to determine the context of a pixel to be encoded.
FIG. 3 is a transition state diagram illustrating the transitions between regular mode and run mode in prior art encoding systems.
FIG. 4 is an encoding system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a transition state diagram illustrating the transitions between regular mode and run mode in encoders according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is an encoding system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a computer system having an image compressor and an image decompressor according to the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a lossless and near-lossless encoding system 100. The encoding system 100 has two major components, a modeler 101 and a coder 103. Such a compression system is described in patent application Ser. Nos. 08/503,792 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,680,129 and 08/706,010, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,764,374 both of which are incorperated herein by reference.
The modeler 101 accepts, as input, pixels to be encoded, x. A predictor 105 receives the input pixel x and, using previously encoded pixels (described below in conjunction with FIG. 2), predicts a deterministic value, x, for the current image sample x.
A comparator 107 determines the difference (or error, e) between the pixel value and the predicted value.
For near-lossless encoding, a quantizer 109 quantizes the prediction error, e, according to equation (1), so that the absolute value of the difference between the sample value reconstructed by the decoder and the original one is not larger than near, a pre-specified parameter. ##EQU1##
The error (or quantized error) is input into an error modeler 111. Each pixel is also input into the error modeler 111. Using the context formed by previously encoded pixels, the error modeler 111 builds a statistical model for prediction errors.
The statistical model, combined with the error, are fed into the coder 103. Using the statistical model, the coder encodes the error. The statistical model is used so that more frequently occuring events (error values) are encoded using shorter code words. Examples of encoding techniques include Huffman coding (e.g., as in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/503,792 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,680,129), arithmetic coding (e.g., as in the Sunset coders, G. Langdon, Jr., "Sunset: A hardware-oriented algorithm for lossless compression of gray-scale images", Proceedings SPIE Medical Imaging V, Vol. 1444, pp. 272-282, May 1991), or Golomb coding (e.g., as in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/706,010 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,764,374).
The modeler 101 includes embedded run detection and encoding. The encoder 100 uses previously encoded data to detect "flat zones", i.e., areas where there is no (or in the case of near-lossless mode, bounded by near) variation between adjacent pixel values. When the encoder 100 detects a flat zone, the encoder 100 enters the run mode. In run mode, the encoder 100 encodes with a single number the number of consecutive samples of value equal to the last encoded sample (lossless mode), or of values that are within the maximal allowed error near of the last encoded sample (near-lossless mode). In the near-lossless case, the reconstructed value for all the samples in the run is equal to the reconstructed value of the last sample, in the same row, encoded before entering run mode. JPEG-LS provides special provisions for runs at the beginning of a row, because no previously encoded sample exists.
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a template 200 used for error modeling, including determining whether to enter into run mode. A pixel 201 contains a value x to be encoded. The previously encoded pixels 203a-d contain values a, b, c, and d, respectively.
The error modeler in JPEG-LS is based on the differences d-b, b-c, and c-a. In lossless mode, a, b, c, and d are the original image samples, while in the near-lossless case, a, b, c, and d are reconstructed by reversing the quantization step. x is always the value in the original image.
In JPEG-LS the three differences d-b, b-c, and c-a quantized to nine regions each, define the context for of the sample x. Patent application Ser. No. 08/503,792 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,680,129 provides a detailed discussion of the determination of the context of a sample x.
Entering Run Mode
When the differences d-b, b-c, and c-a are equal to zero (lossless mode), or when their respective absolute values are less than the maximal allowed error near (near-lossless mode), a run context is detected and the encoder 100 enters into run mode. In other words, JPEG-LS enters into run mode if:
|d-b| and |b-c| and |c-a|≦near (2)
(Note: near=0 is a special case of near-lossless, namely it is completely lossless.)
In JPEG-LS, in run mode, the encoder 100 continues to accept image samples x so long as the input sample has the same value as the sample on its immediate left, a (lossless mode), or as long as the absolute difference between those values and a is less than or equal the maximal allowed error near (near-lossless mode). In near-lossless mode, a is a reconstructed value.
FIG. 3 is a transition state diagram illustrating the transitions that a prior art encoder makes between regular mode and run mode. In a regular mode state 301 the encoder encodes a pixel using the encoders regular mode encoding scheme. As illustrated by a transition 303, if while in the regular mode state 301 the encoder encounters a pixel such that equation (2) is not satisfied, the encoder remains in the regular mode state 301.
If the encoder receives a pixel whose value x is such equation (2) is satisfied, then the encoder follows a transition 305 into run mode state 307.
If while in the run mode state 307, the encoder may either stay in run mode state, following transition 309, or return to regular mode state 301, following transition 311. The encoder stays in the run mode state if |x-a|≦near, and returns to the regular mode state if |x-a|>near.
Entering and staying in run mode state according to the invention.
According to the invention, the value near is adapted as a function of the context of the pixel being encoded. That is the value of near is adapted as a function of the differences d-b, b-c, and c-a.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of an encoder 500 that adaptively changes the value of near as a function of the context. As with encoder 100 of FIG. 1, the encoder contains a modeler 101', a coder 103, a predictor 105, a comparator 107, and an error modeler 111. The encoder also contains a quantizer 109'. The quantizer 109' serves the same function as the quantizer 109 of FIG. 1, with the one distinction that the quantizer 109' receives as an input the context of the pixel to be encoded. The quantizer 109' uses the context to adjust the value of near.
An advantage of the present invention is that the encoder 500 adapts the value of near so as to achieve both improved compression rates and so that a standard JPEG-LS decoder (or similar decoder) may decode an image compressed using the encoder 500 without any knowledge that the encoder 500 (as opposed to a standard JPEG-LS encoder 100) was used to encode the image. While the encoder 500 may use as many values of near as there are contexts, the decoder only uses one value for near. The only restriction on the values of near used by the encoder is that any encoding of a pixel satisfies the requirement of JPEG-LS that
|x-y|≦near (3)
where y is the reconstructed value for x.
In one embodiment of the invention, the encoder uses a distinct value for near when in regular mode (for the purposes of equation (1) and to trigger entering into run mode, equation (2)) and another value in run mode (to determine whether to stay in run mode or to return to regular mode).
In that embodiment, the encoder 100 maintains two distinct threshold variables, near and runnear. near is used in regular mode, to determine whether to enter into run mode, and runnear is used to decide whether to remain in run mode.
FIG. 5 is a state transition diagram illustrating the transition between regular mode and run mode according to the invention. Similarly to the prior art transition diagram shown in FIG. 3, the encoder remains in regular mode 401 so long as the condition to enter into run mode remains false, transition 403. The Enter-- Run-- Mode condition of FIG. 4 may be equation (2) or another context dependent condition.
When in run mode state 407, the encoder remains in run mode, transition 409, if
|x-a|≦runnear (4)
and, exits run mode state 407 and returns to regular encoding mode 401, transition 411, if
|x-a|>runnear (5)
______________________________________Consider the sequence of pixel valuesindex, i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10previous row 2 3 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4row to encode, xi 4 3 5 5 5 5 6 4 5 9near = 0, runnear = 2Example 1.______________________________________
For the prior art encoder (near=runnear=0), the run of 5's from pixel 4 through 6, is encoded as a run of 3 pixels (the context of pixel 4 is a=b=c=d=5, thus, triggering entry into run mode). In the present invention, the seventh pixel value 6 and the eighth pixel value 4 are included in the run because neither deviates from the previously encoded sample (pixel 3) by more than runnear. Therefore, the 6 and 4 (pixels 7 and 8) are included in the run. Thus, the run is encoded as 6 pixels of value 5.
The advantages of the present invention have been demonstrated using the image of Appendix A. The image was compressed at 2.778 bits per symbol in the lossless mode (near=runnear=0), while it was compressed at 2.317 bits per symbol using near=0 (lossless) for regular contexts and runnear=5 (lossy) for the run context. In other words, a compression improvement of 16% was achieved with nearly no computational cost. The reconstructed image is visually lossless, and the error were introduced mainly in the background. In comparison, when near=runnear =5, as permitted by a standard JPEG-LS encoder, noticeable errors appear in the photographic part of the image.
FIG. 6 illustrates a further embodiment of the invention wherein some decision rules are used in the quantizing step. Different criteria are used to decide when to switch in and out of run mode.
The modeler 101" contains an error modeler 111 which supplies a quantizer decision module 113 with the context of the pixel being encoded. The quantizer decision module 113 uses the context to provide a value for near to the quantizer 109".
In a first alternative of the embodiment of FIG. 6, the encoder changes the value of near to runnear only after the run-length has reached a pre-specified length. The default (as described above) is that the pre-specified length equals to zero.
A second alternative of the embodiment of FIG. 6 deals with the encoding of images with multiple components (e.g., color images). According to this embodiment, the causal information from one color component can be used to determine the switch from near to runnear in another color component. For example, if the runs of all components are encoded together (e.g., as in the sample interleaved mode of JPEG-LS), and the run is interrupted in one component while it is not in the others, the switch from near to runnear is performed. Doing so prevents a run from stopping due to noise in a minority of the image components.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a computer system 1501 incorporating the image compressor 205 and image decompressor 1201. The computer system 1501 has a central processing unit 1503 connected to one or more image sources 1505. The image sources 1505 may include devices such as digital cameras and scanners. The computer system 1501 may also be connected to computer networks, such as local area networks, the Internet, or online services, via network connections 1507 (e.g., via direct connections to networks or via modem). The CPU 1503 transmits images from the image sources 1505 to the image compressor 205 which compresses the image according to the method described above.
The CPU 1503 is further connected to storage devices 1509, e.g., memories (both for storage of images and other data), disk drives, and tape units. Subsequent to the compression of the images, the CPU 1503 may transmit images to these storage devices 1509. Alternatively, the CPU 1503 may direct the images to the network connections 1507.
The computer system 1501 may also decompress compressed images for display. The CPU may, for example, obtain a compressed image via the network connection 1507. The CPU 1503 directs such compressed images to the image decompressor 1201 which decompresses the image according to the method described above for image decompression. The CPU 1503 is further connected to a display 1511, e.g., a cathode-ray tube or flat-panel display. The CPU 1503 directs decompressed images for display on the display 1511.
In one embodiment, the image compressor 205 and the image decompressor 1201 is implemented as computer instructions operable to direct the operations of the CPU 1503. In such a case the image compressor 205 and image decompressor 1201 are stored in one of the storage devices 1509 and are executed by the CPU 1503 to compress and decompress images according to the methods of the present invention.
In an alternative embodiment the image processor 205 and image decompressor 1201 are special purpose hardware devices, e.g., image processing accelerators, attached to the CPU 1503 as auxilliary devices.
In certain applications, a computer system 1501 may need only be able to decompress images and not to compress images, and vice versa. In such cases either the compressor 205 or decompressor 1201 may be absent from the computer system 1501.
As a person skilled in the art will realize that numerous modifications and changes may be made to the present invention, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation as illustrated and described. Hence, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to as falling within the scope of the invention.
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|Method and apparatus for encoding and decoding image based on code table selection adapted to residual value distribution
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 11, 1998
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, CALIFORNIA
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Yahoo's Kevin Iole joins Steve Cofield to talk about the ongoing Chael Sonnen story. Now Sonnen is rumored to be one of the coaches on TUF 13. Iole spoke with Dana White on the topic. watch video >>
Fight fans won big time today with the addition of 60+ fighters to the UFC 's roster. But it may not be a great thing for the mid-level fighters on the WEC roster. watch video >>
The middleweight titles are up for grabs but the fighters can't weigh more than 158. Weird, no?
Kevin Iole and Steve Cofield talk about the newest trend in boxing. watch video >>
Kevin Iole analyzes the announcement of the UFC hitting Brazil in August of 2011. Iole says no Chael Sonnen-Wandy Silva on TUF 13 as well. watch video >>
Kevin Iole speks wit Steve Cofield about what's next for Pac-Man and where? Sounds like Shane Mosley. Put some blame on Team Marquez for not getting a JMM-Pacquiao fight done. watch video >>
Dana White spokes about several Strikeforce topics at the UFC 129 press conference. Yahoo! Sports' Kevin Iole fills us in on what the UFC president had to say about making a Dan Henderson-Fedor Emeli watch video >>
Nonito Donaire smashed Fernando Montiel in a 118-pound title bout, what's next? There's some glamour fights at 118, very few at 122 and tons at 126. Iole says a jump to 126 now might be a little risk watch video >>
Steve Cofield is joined Yahoo! Sports' Kevin Iole to talk about Johny Hendricks' quick victory over Jon Fitch. Hendricks launched himself right into the middle of the welterweight title race. watch video >>
Steve Cofield is joined by Yahoo! Sports' MMA expert Kevin Iole and Dave Meltzer to break down Brock Lesnar's flawed gameplan against Alistair Overeen. What was going through the former champ's head? watch video >>
Yahoo! Sports' Kevin Iole speaks with Steve Cofield about what the Rogers Centre may look like on Saturday night for UFC 129. It's a big secret! He also discusses themedia turnout for the final prefi watch video >>


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- The perfect partner on a morning jog, this Yepme navy sport track jacket will look superb with track pants and active tee. It has a contrast panel on the front and is made of polyester to make you feel comfortable.
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Is this restaurant family-friendly?
Is this restaurant good for lunch?
Are the prices at this restaurant mid-range / moderate?
Is this a Mediterranean restaurant?
Is this restaurant romantic?
Is this restaurant good for dining on a budget?
Is this restaurant wheelchair accessible?
Is this restaurant good for brunch?
Does this restaurant offer takeout or food to go?
Does this restaurant offer free wifi?
Thanks for helping!
3 Days in Vienna
An urban spring weekend in classic Vienna
Guide to Vienna Outdoors
We tried to dine here last night and were greeted by a note on the door stating in German and English that the cook was having back surgery and that the restaurant would be closed until September.
this very typical old viennese pub has been left unchanged since historic days, which is interesting but a bit dark and dismal; and especially the toilets are already beyond "end-of-life". we were the only guests on this rainy Monday evening and that increased the depression further. all the more surprising is however that the food is quite innovative and certainly...
Located in the heart of Vienna in the first district, Appiano seems to be a typical Viennese pub (Wiener Beisl) with a very cosy atmosphere. Food is very good: Creative modern Viennese Cuisine with a mediterranean touch is served. Staff is very friendly, helpful and polite.
There's restaurants and there's restaurants. And boy, is this a restaurant! I loved it from the moment I walked in. The waiters were smiling and not just to please us, but because they were clearly happy to be of service and ready to please their guests. Also they had an air of self confidence about them, in a very pleasant...
We recently spent a long weekend visiting our with good friends in Vienna and thay took us to Appiano.
It is a traditional Autrian restaurant in a nice & quiet side street. The menu is brief and interesting however thay also have a good range of daily suggestions.
We all had different dishes from menu and daily offers and they...
I took a work colleague here while visiting the University. As recommended by others on this site I tried the octopus starter out of a smallish menu which was great then followed with shoulder of beef- an unusual cut beautifully tender. There's an excellent wine list. It's small so booking ahead is essential. Atmosphere is not rowdy, quite relaxed and...
This is a true gem apparently known only to the locals. It is a wonderful small restaurant down a side street not in an overly touristed area of the inner-city. It serves a wonderful fusion of traditional Austrian with some Asian flair. Make reservations, but don't tell your friends.
Lovely quaint restaurant in one of the backstreets of Vienna. Found it through trip advisor. Quiet little bistro serving a variety of traditional Viennese and worldwide choices. I had octopus for start, which was unbelievably tender. I had deep fried pork stuffed with cheese for the main which was also tasty.
Had dinner here with my OH and was very happy. The food was wonderful, the atmosphere was friendly and welcoming and the staff were great. Would fully recommend.
A non-smoking restaurant as far as I could see - good!
Very nice and well prepared food - combining the Italian cuisine with more traditional Austrian food - and they manage this mix very well. We had several wines - all Austrian - and all ranging from good to perfect.
Good experience on my last evening in Vienna (this time...
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decided: July 30, 1987.
BOROUGH OF CANONSBURGv.DOROTHY NICHOLS, ET AL. CANON-MCMILLAN SCHOOL DISTRICT, APPELLANT. BOROUGH OF CANONSBURG, APPELLANT V. DOROTHY NICHOLS, ET AL., APPELLEES
Appeals from the Order of the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County in case of Borough of Canonsburg v. Dorothy Nichols; G.D.C. Finance Cons. Disc. Co.; Washington County; Washington County Tax Claim Bureau; Canon-McMillan School District; Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Welfare, No. 8092 in Equity, Book 46, Page 263.
Templeton Smith, Jr., with him, Richard DiSalle, Rose, Schmidt, Chapman, Duff & Hasley, for appellant, Canon-McMillan School District.
Melvin B. Bassi, for appellee, Washington County.
Frank C. Roney, Jr., with him, Frank C. Roney, Roney & Roney, for appellant, Borough of Canonsburg.
Stephen S. Russell, Chief Staff Counsel, Amicus Curiae, Pennsylvania School Boards Association.
Judges MacPhail and Doyle, and Senior Judge Narick, sitting as a panel of three. Opinion by Judge MacPhail.
[ 108 Pa. Commw. Page 137]
Canon-McMillan School District and the Borough of Canonsburg (Appellants) have filed appeals, which have been consolidated for our consideration, from a decision of the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County which ordered that the costs of abating a nuisance on property purchased by Washington County (County) at judicial tax sale, be shared by Appellants and the County in proportion to the taxes due them on the property.*fn1
[ 108 Pa. Commw. Page 138]
The issue presented by the instant case is purely one of law and, as noted by the common pleas court, one of first impression. At issue are the respective duties of taxing districts to which the Real Estate Tax Sale Law (Law)*fn2 is applicable in bearing the costs of demolishing a structure, located on County-owned tax delinquent property, which all parties agree constitutes a public and attractive nuisance. Appellants argue that the County bears initial responsibility for paying the costs of demolition. Appellants contend that those costs may later be recovered by the County from the proceeds of any resale of the property.
The property which is the subject of the instant matter contained a dwelling which was damaged by fire. Shortly thereafter, the owners became delinquent in paying local property taxes during 1981 and 1982. Attempts by the Washington County Tax Claim Bureau (Bureau) to sell the property at or above the upset price of $3,998.60 were unsuccessful. The County subsequently purchased the property, on March 14, 1985, at public judicial sale as it is authorized to do by Section 612.1 of the Law, 72 P.S. § 5860.612-1.
On September 14, 1983, the Borough filed an action in equity seeking to have the dwelling declared a nuisance and ordered demolished. The common pleas court, noting the dilapidated state of the structure, found that the existence of a public nuisance was undisputed, with the only remaining issue being which taxing district should bear responsibility for demolition
[ 108 Pa. Commw. Page 139]
costs. The court concluded that the costs should be shared by the three taxing districts involved.
The basis for the court's ruling was its conclusion that, despite the County's fee simple ownership of the property, it actually held the property as trustee for the benefit of all taxing districts with an interest therein. The court, therefore, concluded that the three taxing districts involved should bear collective responsibility for the costs of abating the subject nuisance.
Our analysis of the issue presented begins with Section 612.1 of the Law which provides pertinently as follows:
Whenever any property shall be put up for public sale upon order of court . . . the county commissioners are hereby authorized to bid up to and including one dollar over and above all costs, as prescribed in section 612, for said property at such sale and if the property is sold to them for the county, the county shall take and have an absolute title, free and clear of all tax and municipal claims, mortgages, liens and charges and estates of whatsoever kind, except ground rents, separately taxed in the same manner and to the same extent as a private purchaser would have taken. In such cases, the proportionate share of said costs shall be paid to the county by the respective taxing districts in proportion to the taxes due them on such property. An amount equal to such costs due the county from any taxing district may be deducted from any tax moneys thereafter payable to such district under the provisions of this act. Upon the sale thereafter of such property by the county, the proceeds from the sale shall be distributed to the taxing authorities in proportion to the taxes due them on such property at the time of the last tax sale.
[ 108 Pa. Commw. Page 140]
This provision reveals that where, as here, the county acquires a property at judicial sale, it obtains absolute title to the property with the taxing districts paying a proportionate share of the costs of sale.*fn3 Upon any later resale of the property, the proceeds are to be distributed to the taxing districts "in proportion to the taxes due them" at the time of the last tax sale.
No mention is made in Section 612.1, however, regarding responsibility for expenses incurred in maintaining, or, as here, abating a nuisance on, property purchased by the county at judicial sale. Section 206 of the Law, however, provides that:
The county shall be liable, or initially liable for all costs, fees and expenses which shall be required to be paid to administer the affairs of the bureau and of this act, including but not limited to . . . the costs of repairs and alteration to, and insurance on property in sequestration or management. . . .
All such costs, fees and expenses shall be paid as other expenses of the county are paid from appropriations made by the county, and not otherwise, and when any of such costs, fees and expenses are recovered they shall be deposited in the treasury of the county for the use of the county.
72 P.S. § 5860.206. Thus, as a general rule, the county is at least initially liable for maintenance costs with respect to property it is managing under the Law. See Mid-Valley School District Appeal, 40 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 110, 396 A.2d 894 (1979). We believe that this liability includes properties purchased by a county
[ 108 Pa. Commw. Page 141]
under Section 612.1 and also extends to demolition costs such as those involved in the matter sub judice.
This interpretation is borne out by reference to other statutory provisions in the Law and in similar enactments. For example, Section 701 of the Law, 72 P.S. § 5860.701 deals with properties purchased by taxing districts prior to the 1947 enactment of the Law and requires that such properties be turned over to the county tax claim bureau for management, with title to such properties vesting in the county as trustee. Section 702 of the Law, 72 P.S. § 5860.702, provides that the tax claim bureau's management powers regarding such properties include the power "to make such repairs to the property as may be reasonably necessary to restore and maintain it in a tenantable condition" and " to recover the cost of . . . repairs, alterations or demolition of buildings . . . from the rental or sale of the property." (Emphasis added.) Such language clearly indicates that it is the county's responsibility to initially pay the costs for necessary maintenance procedures.
Likewise, Section 4 of the Act of May 21, 1937, P.L. 787, as amended, 72 P.S. § 5878d, which provides for court approval of certain sales of real estate for nonpayment of taxes, requires that the proceeds from such sales be distributed "first to the costs of sale whereat the property was acquired, second all moneys expended by the county in the demolition, removal or repair of any building or structure on such property after the same had been condemned as unsafe by the political subdivision in which the same is located. . . ." (Emphasis added.)
A comparison of these and other similar provisions*fn4 reveals the legislature's consistent intent that the costs of
[ 108 Pa. Commw. Page 142]
repairing or demolishing structures on tax delinquent properties which are owned by the county are to be paid by the county subject to later recovery from the proceeds of the sale or rental of such properties. Our research has revealed no precedent for requiring other taxing districts to advance a proportionate share of such expenses. The fact that the County may hold such properties as a trustee for interested taxing districts is not, in our view, dispositive and does not necessarily support the common pleas court's conclusion that all interested taxing districts must share in the costs of demolition. Regardless of any existing trust relationship, we conclude that Section 206 of the Law itself is controlling regarding the County's responsibility for paying the demolition costs here involved.*fn5
We, accordingly, will reverse the order of the common pleas court.
The order of the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County in the above-captioned matters is hereby reversed.
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1st National branch set to close its doors
NEW CUMBERLAND – The New Cumberland branch of 1st National Community Bank will close in December after several years of declining foot traffic.
The branch, which sits at the junction of state Routes 2 and 8 on the north side of New Cumberland, has been part of the 1st Bank family since 1997 but, more recently, has suffered from the growth of online banking, said Stephen Sant, president and chief executive officer of Tri-State 1st Banc Inc., the parent company of 1st National Community Bank.
Branch customers recently were informed of the impending closing in a letter.
"We're experiencing in that branch the same thing the banking industry is experiencing as a whole: Customers are adapting to online banking, mobile banking and more use of ATMs," Sant said.
The New Cumberland branch's last day of business will be Dec. 13, after which time all four employees will be reassigned.
"No employees are losing their jobs," Sant said.
According to its 2012 annual report, 1st Bank currently employs 64 full-time and part-time officers and employees.
Bank officials have noticed a trend toward less activity at the branch in the last two to four years, Sant said.
"It was very easy to see. In the industry as a whole, you see less and less transactions going on in branches because people are using more convenient ways to do their banking," he said.
The volume of in-office transactions in New Cumberland decreased so substantially, Sant said, that "we just were not able to profitably sustain the branch. We're still serving the customers; they're just choosing to use other means than the branch."
Chartered in East Liverpool in 1987, 1st Bank opened the New Cumberland branch in 1997 when it purchased the building from United National Bank, Sant said. The company has since grown to five branches in the area, including Calcutta, downtown East Liverpool, Lisbon and Midland, Pa.
It retains two free-standing ATMs in New Cumberland – one in the Sparkle market and one in the Hancock County Courthouse.
Sant said the New Cumberland branch's closing will have a "minimal impact" on the company's earnings.
The bank showed record earnings in 2012, according to its annual report. Total assets grew by 4.5 percent to $135.6 million, and total deposits and retail repurchase agreements grew by 3.9 percent to $119.2 million, the 2012 annual report said.
Earnings in 2012 were $987,357 – a 23.8 percent increase from 2011, the annual report said.
Sant said the New Cumberland building will be cleaned and put up for sale.
(Huba can be contacted at email@example.com)


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Your weekly roundup of the best bike videos.
"We call on the City of Portland to expedite major changes in order to slow speeds and increase safety for all on outer SE Division St."
Using shared love of bikes to confront normalization of sexism and hate.
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'Ashes to Go' offered at The Abbey coffee shop in Avondale
The Abbey, both a coffee shop and Episcopal diocese, is making it easy for people on the move this Ash Wednesday.
The Abbey, both a coffee shop and Episcopal diocese, is making it easy for people on the move this Ash Wednesday.
The Franklin Sheriff's Department needs assistance in searching for Jerry Wayne Cotham, 78.
The fate of the City of Birmingham's minimum wage increase could hinge on a proposal by a Mountain Brook legislator.
Just one week after an EF-2 tornado tore through the community of Pickens County, authorities are now urging storm victims to be on the look…
Birmingham's first black elected mayor doesn't mince words about what he sees as a power battle that's damaging our city. Plus he talks abou…
Brooke Bridges was located safe on March 31.
The Pell City Police Department has arrested two men on drug charges over the last week.
One male was arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia, and the female driver was arrested on a felony warrant of attempting to elude an…
A witness told police the passenger started attacking the driver.
Birmingham Fire and Rescue is responding to a fire on 1st Street South.
A few weeks ago, the shelter was closed on the coldest night of the year after a weekend full of events.
The group gathered because jury selection begins Monday for former Tuscaloosa Police officer Stephanie Hicks.
Hoover Mayor Gary Ivey wants to hire 10 new police officers in the near future to address a recent surge in crime.
The Pelham Police Department was notified on Sunday of a dead body found on I 65 near the 246 mile marker.
All jurisdictions that were involved in the capture of Harper are working together to see who takes the lead in her series of crimes, or if …