text:
Daily Photos 2016
The colors of this shrub reminded me of Christmas reds and greens and the shades in between.
Thank you for your comments on my photos.
2016Daily Photoscolorsredgreenautumn
Beautiful shot and I love the colors!
Hi Donna, this is Beautiful.
Love the way this fills the frame with wonderful color!
Very pretty!
Super colors.
pretty color
gosh!!!! This is gorgeous! Love the colors and really like how you filled the frame with this. Outstanding!
Pretty combination of colours!
Hi Donna. Love the color you finally found, way down south.
I disagree with the ID, though. I'm 99.5% certain it's euonymus, not barberry. Either way, the shrub is spectacular.

subset: commoncrawl


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decided: October 3, 1975.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIAv.ALBERT CROPPER, APPELLANT
Joseph R. Danella, Philadelphia, for appellant.
F. Emmett Fitzpatrick, Dist. Atty., Steven H. Goldblatt, Asst. Dist. Atty., Chief, Appeals Div., Philadelphia, for appellee.
Jones, C. J., and Eagen, O'Brien, Roberts, Pomeroy, Nix and Manderino, JJ. Jones, C. J., Eagen and O'Brien, JJ., concur in the result.
[ 463 Pa. Page 531]
Appellant was convicted in a non-jury trial of voluntary manslaughter for the death by stabbing of one Rodney Fields. After his post-trial motions were denied, appellant was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of one to ten years in a state correctional institution. This direct appeal followed.
As verdict winner, the Commonwealth is entitled to have the evidence viewed in the light most favorable to it. Commonwealth v. Long, 460 Pa. 461, 463, 333 A.2d 865, 866 (1975); Commonwealth v. Rife, 454 Pa. 506, 509, 312 A.2d 406 (1973); Commonwealth v. Rankin, 441 Pa. 401, 404, 272 A.2d 886 (1971). So viewed, the evidence established the following: On the evening of September 18, 1973, Albert Cropper, the appellant, entered the Star Bar in the City of Philadelphia in the company of Rodney Fields and one Harlem Brown. The three were old friends and had been shooting dice outside
[ 463 Pa. Page 532]
the bar, Fields being the loser. As they came into the bar Cropper and Brown were kidding Fields about having lost. After a few minutes Fields became upset, apparently because he felt that the others had unfairly stopped gambling while they were ahead of him in winnings. When Cropper refused to buy him a drink, Fields suggested that they gamble some more. The others acquiesced and the trio left the barroom.
Returning to the bar a short while later, Brown and Cropper again joked with Fields about his losses. Fields again became angry and punched Brown in the lip; Brown's reaction was merely to laugh because, as he testified at trial, "I knew the man." Still angry, Fields again swung at Brown. This time Brown ducked, shoved Fields out of the way and headed for the door. Fields then became abusive towards Cropper and shouted at him, "If you even speak to me tomorrow I am going to kill you." As if to punctuate his irritation, Fields grabbed a bar stool in one hand and shook it at appellant. Cropper, in turn, picked up another stool so as to be able to joust with Fields. After a standoff with the stools, both men dropped them and took to fighting.
As they were tussling on the floor, Cropper was overheard by the bartender to exclaim, "I got something for you bad ass." Soon afterwards the appellant drew a knife from his pocket and with it stabbed Fields at least four times. Although appellant and another witness testified that earlier on the day of the stabbing they had observed the victim paring his fingernails with a knife, at no time during the fatal struggle did Cropper or anyone else observe Fields with a knife drawn.
Following the stabbing, appellant fled the Star Bar and tossed away the knife he had used. When later the same night he learned that Rodney Fields had died, he surrendered himself to the police. His arrest, indictment, trial and conviction ensued.
[ 463 Pa. Page 533]
At trial, the appellant asserted the defense of self-defense. The trial court concluded that the defendant had failed to establish that defense by a preponderance of the evidence. In so concluding, the court found, as stated in its opinion on the denial of post-trial motions, that the circumstances surrounding the homicide were not such as to justify a belief in the necessity to kill; that even if Cropper in fact entertained such a belief, it was not a reasonable belief in the circumstances;*fn1 and that appellant violated his duty to retreat. Appellant contends that the court below erred in using the preponderance test for gauging whether he had established self-defense, and hence that a new trial is required; alternatively, he argues that as a matter of law the testimony established that the stabbing of Fields was indeed in self-defense, and hence that the judgment should be arrested and appellant discharged.*fn2 We find no merit in either argument and will affirm.
Because the crime with which the appellant was charged took place on September 18, 1973, the instant case is controlled by the provisions of the new Crimes Code, 18 Pa.C.S. § 101 et seq. (herein "the Code"), which became effective June 6, 1973. Specifically, in light of appellant's claims, we must examine section 505 of the Code, which spells out the requirements for the defense of self-defense. 18 Pa.C.S. § 505.
[ 463 Pa. Page 534]
For the most part, section 505 of the Code merely codifies the common law of this Commonwealth.*fn3 subsection (a) provides:
"The use of force upon or towards another person is justifiable when the actor believes*fn4 that such force is immediately necessary for the purpose of protecting himself against the use of unlawful force by such other person on the present occasion."
The operation of the defense of self-defense is limited by subsection (b)(2) of § 505, which proscribes the use of "deadly force" "unless the actor believes that such force is necessary to protect himself against death, serious bodily injury, kidnapping or sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat. . . ." The same subsection goes on to provide, in clause (i), that the use of deadly force is not justifiable if the actor "provoked the use of force against himself in the same encounter," and in clause (ii) that the actor must retreat if "he knows that he can
[ 463 Pa. Page 535]
avoid the necessity of using such force with complete safety."*fn5
Appellant's argument for a new trial on the ground that the trial court erred in placing on him the burden of proving self-defense by a preponderance of the evidence is premised on the recent decision of this Court in Commonwealth v. Rose, 457 Pa. 380, 321 A.2d 880 (1974), a case involving the defense of intoxication. Our holding in Rose was stated as follows:
"In any criminal prosecution, the Commonwealth has an unshifting burden to prove beyond a reasonable doubt all elements of the crime. One of such elements in first degree murder is, of course, a specific intent to kill. . . . [I]t is error for the trial judge to instruct the jury that there is a burden upon the defendant to establish his intoxication by a preponderance of the evidence. Such evidence is offered by the defense solely to cast doubt upon the existence of the specific intent to kill and, as with all elements of the crime, the defendant has no burden of persuasion."
Id. at 389, 321 A.2d at 884.*fn6
Appellant contends that in Rose we implied that the preponderance requirement was to be abandoned with respect to all affirmative defenses, of which self-defense is one, and that we in effect overruled our decision in Commonwealth v. Winebrenner, 439 Pa. 73, 265 A.2d 108 (1970), which had held that the preponderance test was proper for self-defense. While Rose did cast grave doubt upon the continued validity of our decision in Winebrenner,
[ 463 Pa. Page 536457]
Pa. at 387-88, 321 A.2d at 883-84, that argument cannot be considered at this juncture because it is untimely raised. During his closing argument at trial appellant's counsel admitted that appellant bore the burden of proving self-defense by a preponderance of the evidence. No objection to this standard was made either at trial or on post-trial motions; it was raised for the first time on appeal. This was simply too late. Commonwealth v. McComb, 462 Pa. 341, 504 A.2d 496 (1975); Commonwealth v. Carbonetto, 455 Pa. 93, 100, 314 A.2d 304 (1974); Commonwealth v. Dancer, 452 Pa. 221, 305 A.2d 364 (1973); Commonwealth v. Agie, 449 Pa. 187, 189, 296 A.2d 741 (1972). Cf. Commonwealth v. Sims, 462 Pa. 26, 333 A.2d 477 (1975).
Turning to appellant's other assertion, that the trial court erred as a matter of law in not finding that the killing of Fields was in self-defense, it is of course necessary that we review the entire record. In making that review we must apply the standards required by the Crimes Code.*fn7 Wholly apart from our decision in Rose, supra, we are of opinion that the General Assembly in enacting the Crimes Code has mandated the same result as we there reached. Nowhere in § 505 of the Code is there any indication that a defendant who asserts self-defense is required to prove that defense by a preponderance of the evidence. This omission is significant when it is considered that in a number of other sections of the Code dealing with defenses to various crimes, the legislature has specifically required that the defenses or certain elements thereof be proved by the defendant by a preponderance
[ 463 Pa. Page 537]
of the evidence.*fn8 Since no similar stipulation appears in § 505, it must be assumed that the legislature intended not to impose on defendants the burden of proving that they acted in self-defense.*fn9 Thus when there is
[ 463 Pa. Page 538]
evidence at trial from whatever source that a killing may have been done in self-defense, the burden is upon the Commonwealth to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was not acting in self-defense. See Mullaney v. Wilbur, 421 U.S. 684, 95 S.Ct. 1881, 1891, 44 L.Ed.2d 508, n. 30 [decided June 10, 1975]. Viewed in this light, we are satisfied that in the case at bar the trial court was warranted in refusing to arrest the judgment for insufficiency of the evidence to support the verdict.
The testimony at trial showed that Cropper and Fields were old friends who were wont to engage in a rough kind of horseplay involving verbal and physical abuse of each other, and that Fields was unarmed at the time of the scuffle in which they engaged on this occasion. Admittedly, there was the decedent's conditional threat, "If you even speak to me tomorrow I am going to kill you," but that was hardly sufficient to justify a present belief on the part of appellant in the necessity to kill in order to protect himself. Accordingly, we are of the opinion that the evidence would support beyond a reasonable doubt the determination of the trial court that "the circumstances were neither adequate to raise nor sufficient to justify a belief in the necessity to take life . . . [e]ven if appellant's testimony as to his fear were believed, it was a fear not reasonably justified by the immediate circumstances," (opinion of Judge Stout at 11). It follows that the Commonwealth has carried its burden of proving that appellant was not acting in self-defense and that the verdict of voluntary manslaughter
[ 463 Pa. Page 539]
was proper. Commonwealth v. Light, supra; Commonwealth v. Pride, 450 Pa. 557, 559, 301 A.2d 582, 583 (1973); 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 501, 505.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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Strikeforce will be keeping its women's 145-pound champion, after all, if an online report is correct.
Cristiane "Cyborg" Santos has signed a new deal with the promotion whose title belt she holds, manager Rudimar Fedrigo told Full Contact Fighter on Thursday. Santos officially became a free agent last month when Strikeforce's exclusive negotiation period expired, according to reports, but she remains the titleholder for Strikeforce's 145-pound women's division.
She hasn't fought since crushing Jan Finney in June of last year. That fight fulfilled the number of bouts on her Strikeforce contract, but a champion's clause prevented her from negotiating with anyone else for a year.
Fedrigo did not disclose details of the new deal. For the Finney bout, Santos received a base purse of $15,000, plus a $15,000 win bonus and $5,000 champion's bonus.
Santos has been in the main event or co-main event for two of Strikeforce's six most-watched events on Showtime. But finding opponents for her has been difficult because of a shallow pool of talent at 145 pounds.
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Welcome to
Calvary United Methodist Church
Bismarck, North Dakota
Pastor: Rev. Perry Schnabel
Sunday School & CCP: 10:30 a.m. (during School year only)
Ø Mitch Pilon's music can be found at https://youtu.be/VSwJjGoweZ8
Calvary on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Bismarckcalvaryunitedmethodist/?fref=ts
Ø The Sunday 10:30 Calvary Worship service can be found on YouTube through our Facebook page
"OPPORTUNITIES"Our Christian Education Coordinators have come up with some great ideas and opportunities for all of us to participate in this coming year. Last week we had a bowling party and we had a great time with 30 people sharing in the fun. They will also have had their first "Praise and Worship" service by the time you receive this newsletter, and I pray that it will go well and more will be planned. Be on the lookout for the activities that will be planned for October and November.
A safe, supervised Halloween for the Calvary Church Family is planned for October 30 from 6:30 – 7:30 pm. "Trunk or Treat" will be held in the church parking lot. Anyone in the Church Family can take part in setting up a "trunk" display with decorations and treats. You are all invited to get in touch with your inner child and participate!
A "Christmas Cookie Bake" at the church is also in the planning stages for early December.
At our last communion service, Pastor Perry consecrated individual communion elements that are now on the information table of the church. These are meant for you as lay ministers to your community to take and share with shut ins, family, or someone you believe needs this ministry. Please share a communion scripture passage, prayer and the elements with those to whom you minister.
Verse of the Day...


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Posted: Wednesday, November 30, 2016 9:32 AM
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Z-Wave smart-home gadgets announce new IoT security standards
Ry Crist for CNet: Less than a month ago, hackers took control of an ocean of unsecured connected home devices, then essentially crashed the entire internet by using them to flood the web's largest internet management company with bogus traffic. Now, the makers of smart gadgets that communicate using Z-Wave are ratcheting up their security standards to help reassure consumers that their products don't come with glaring vulnerabilities.
"No one can afford to sit on their hands and wait," says Mitchell Klein, executive director of the Z-Wave Alliance. "Consumers deserve IoT devices in their home to have the strongest levels of security possible. IoT smart home technologies that don't act will be left behind."
The new standards are called the "Security 2" framework, or S2 for short. Aside from shoring up encryption standards for transmissions between sensors, cameras, and thermostats that broadcast using Z-Wave, S2 also mandates new pairing procedures for each device -- namely, unique PIN or QR codes on the devices themselves. Cont'd...
The smart home could soon be running on its own.
Alfred Ng for CNet: Legrand sees a future where your smart home learns based on your habits and behaviors -- even knowing when to turn on the lights for your 3 a.m. bathroom run.
The French-based electrical equipment company hopes to make smart homes autonomous, where shades open and the coffee maker gets started before you wake up. Like iOS's automated traffic helper, that uses your frequent locations and tells you how long your commute will be, Legrand wants to use the same data, but apply it to your alarms. Cont'd...
Benchmarking Clarifies the Future of Internet of Things
This Startup Wants To Smarten Up Your Smart Home Devices
Blake Montgomery for Buzzfeed: Today, Thington launches. It's a smart assistant app that aims to simplify smart home devices.
Thington's distinctive feature? Thington Concierge, a conversational bot that helps you set up and control the smart things you've already set up in your home. From weather stations to light switches to security cameras, it supports a range of devices.
With its bot messenger interface, Concierge allows you to create rules for your house. You can set your lights to glow fluorescent during the day and incandescent during the night, or to turn on when you get home. Or, for example, you can program your Nest thermostat to lower the heat while you're sleeping in your cozy bed, and then to raise the temperature before you wake up. And you can add people to a "Guest List" to give them access to your home's controls when they're visiting you. These kinds of combinations and features, Thington founders Tom Coates and Matt Biddulph believe, is their product's competitive edge: It's more like an assistant with a personality than a remote. Cont'd...
What Is the Real Value of IoT?
Too Much: IoT, IoE isn't Coming to Benefit You, the Customer
Windows 10 moves closer to smart-home centerpiece with big Internet of Things deal
Agam Shah for IDG News Service via PCWorld: Lazy people will love Windows 10 and its ability to automate home tasks, and the operating system's smart-home credentials are getting a serious boost with a recent internet of things pact.
Microsoft wants to put Windows 10 at the center of smart homes. The company wants users to be able to tell the operating system's Cortana voice assistant to switch on a light, open a door, release food for a cat, and even check the contents of a refrigerator.
For Windows 10 to be successful, the OS will have to work with a wide range of smart home and IoT devices, and that goal has taken a big step forward thanks to a recent agreement between standards bodies the Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) and the Thread Group. The two organizations will work together on improving interoperability between smart home and IoT devices.
This means devices running Windows 10 will be able to connect with most smart home products and program home automation tasks based on events or times of the day. Cont'd...
IoT alliances collaborate to advance the connected home
Smart Cities World: Two alliances dedicated to progressing the Internet of Things (IoT) are joining forces to advance the adoption of connected home products.
The Thread Group and the Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) share many member companies who will benefit from this liaison agreement, and both groups are committed to driving improved cross-application interoperability and device connectivity in the connected home.
A lack of interoperability across common technology areas is consistently highlighted as one of biggest factors preventing the IoT from realising its full potential across the product development spectrum, including silicon, software, platform, and finished-goods. The two organisations will work together to ensure that OCF's application layer will be fully compatible with Thread's low-power, secure and scalable IPv6-based wireless mesh network layer. Cont'd...
iRobot CEO: Robotics Is An IoT Solution
Meghan Ottolini for CRN: Could robotics provide solutions that would help the Internet of Things to go mainstream? iRobot CEO Colin Angle believers IoT-integrated robots can solve issues around IoT device mapping and maintenance. "In order for the Internet of Things to work, we need maps," Angle said. "We need to understand where all these devices are. We need to maintain them, and a robot can do that on its own every day."
Angle used the example of the simple Roomba robot, which quickly learns where walls meet and furniture lies. "While it's doing that, why not build a map?" Angle proposed.
That way, as the Roomba cleans, it can also test whether connected lights are still operative. That type of robot can also be used to turn lights on and off depending on room usage to save energy. Cont'd...
Control4: Apple Home App will help Home Automation Industry
Rob Stott for Dealerscope: Not to say that the Home app is a killer to companies/platforms like Control4 and Crestron, but Apple is clearly encroaching on their space.
That said, the aforementioned companies don't necessarily see this as a problem. Rather, as Paul Williams, Control4's VP of Solutions, put it, it's more of an opportunity.
"We would put this in the category of something that we think helps the smart home automation market," Williams recently told Technology Integrator. "much like when, in the rise of the Internet of Things and IoT, what it's really done has opened up consumers' eyes to the possibilities. We've said, long before IoT came around, the biggest hurdle that we have in this space for us and other manufactures that specialize in home automation is customer awareness. Customers don't even realize that this technology is available, that they can even do these kind of things, that there's these sophisticated but simple-to-install and simple-to-use home automation systems that allow them to have great experiences in their homes." Full article:
Ayla Networks to Share IoT Platform Expertise at IoT Evolution Connected Home Conference
Is DIY smart home tech hobbled by poor app functionality?
Cate Lawrence for ReadWrite: In Argus Insights' newest "Smart Home 360" report, it's clear there's a strong distinction between consumer perception of the apps associated with the most popular Smart Home Service Providers and MSOs (Multiple System Operators) and the apps coming with Do It Yourself (DIY) devices.
Argus Insights found that — from over 56,000 app and device reviews — ADT andSuddenlink are the least liked of MSOs and service providers and their associated apps saw a drop in both the tone and volume of feedback over the last month, an indication that frustrated users could be moving to other providers.
This is consistent with previous research that demonstrates a high degree of satisfaction by customers in DIFM ("Do it for me") installations.
However, Vivint's Sky app, Cox Communications Homelife app, Xfinity Home app and Alarm.com app all trended up — an impact of both new releases and subscriber growth. Cont'd...
Connected World Services (CWS) Partners with Zonoff to Service the Growth of the Consumer Internet of Things (IoT) across Europe
How to Choose the Safest IoT Device for your Home
Alexandra Gheorghe for MacWorld: Growth in the consumer market for Internet of Things gadgets is accelerating at an impressive speed, and forecasters predict 25 billion devices will be online by 2020. Thus, users can choose from a wide array of products available on the market.
On Amazon.com, for instance, around 400 search results relate to smart thermostats. But which product is best? After filtering the huge list by price and reviews, you are left with a handful of good options. Maybe some are more visually appealing than others, so, you select those that fit the aesthetics of your home. But where does security fit in? Is it among your top three selection criteria?
Unfortunately, most users prefer convenience over security. This known tradeoff is also partially due to the lack of standardization. There is no "security star" rating for consumer IoT devices. Needless to say, most consumers don't have the tools and skills needed to differentiate products based on their security posture.
Such a system seems difficult to implement at this stage of IoT development. Cont'd...
Atari now makes smart home products
Jacob Kastrenakes for The Verge: Someday soon, you may be able to buy a network-connected dog collar made by Atari. Atari announced today that it's partnering with Sigfox to get into the Internet of Things business. Together, they intend to create connected home, pet, lifestyle, and safety products. Work on the new products will begin sometime this year; there's no date yet for when they'll begin to roll out or exactly what products we might see.
While it may sound strange to hear that Atari, the classic video game company, is now making smart home products, it's not quite as weird as it sounds. That's because Atari isn't necessarily going to be all that involved in the development of these new devices. Instead, Atari is going to be the brand name under which Sigfox will create and sell its own IoT products, offering it better name recognition with consumers. Cont'd...
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...by his father. Clark's argument that perfect competition is both theoretically and practically unattainable became the approach adopted by antitrust authorities throughout the world. In Studies in the Economics of Overhead Costs (1923), Clark developed his theory of the acceleration principle—that investment demand can fluctuate severely if consumer demand fluctuations...


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Airbus announced yesterday that Vietnam Airlines is planning to expand both its fleet of A350 aircraft and its route network — this time, to Los Angeles. The carrier signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Airbus for 10 more of its A350-900 aircraft, which it has stated will first be made available with service between Ho Chi Minh City (SGN) and Los Angeles (LAX), making it one of the longest flights in the world at 8,169 miles.
Last year, Vietnam Airlines became the first East Asian airline — and the second carrier in the world — to operate the A350 XWB, one of the most innovative aircraft in the sky. Currently, the airline has four A350s in service, which are used on routes like Paris (CDG) to Hanoi (HAN), which TPG flew earlier this year, with another 10 on order for future delivery. For a full recap of TPG's flight on Vietnam's A350, check out the full TPGtv episode, below.
Vietnam Airlines' A350-900 has a three-cabin layout, including business, premium economy and economy sections. The business-class cabin is comprised of 29 flat-bed seats in a 1-2-1 configuration that have 42 inches of pitch and are 21 inches wide. The premium economy cabin is comprised of 45 seats in a 3-3-3 configuration that each have 38 inches of pitch and are 18 inches wide. Finally, the economy cabin is comprised of 231 seats in a 3-3-3 configuration that each have 32 inches of pitch and are 18 inches wide.
There's no word yet on when we could see this deal finalized and when service on the route would begin. The addition of Los Angeles to Vietnam Airlines' route network would make it the latest Asian carrier to propose a nonstop US route, something that's only been made available because of new fuel-efficient aircraft.
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Star vs the Forces of Evil Theory time #1 Ok so in Queen Eclipsa's tapestry it says, "To a Mewman king was wed but took a monster for her love and away from Mewnj fled." This means that a king was chosen for Eclipsa to marry, but she denied, and for her love took a monster and left Mewni with him. The monster looks very similar to a demon such as Tom so I'm going to call him that. In the episode "Naysaya" it shows a picture and description of Naysaya in the picture it is Naysaya cursing a…
Brides.com: The Best TV Wedding Dresses It may have all been a rouse, but "Emily" looked incredible in her scalloped lace and tulle peplum gown for her high-society nuptials. Though the dress looked like it was plucked right off the bridal runways, the show's costume designer, Jill Ohannesson, custom made the design herself.Photo: Courtesy of ABC
10 More Times Tumblr Users Truly Understood Harry Potter | moviepilot.com
"You don't look anything like a stripper" - Emily and Jack - Season 4 Episode 1 "Renaissance."
Emily Vancamp with Revenge tv show actors for Entertainment Weekly Magazine, Jan. 2012 Credit: EW
Nolan - Revolution 3 *20
Nicely done! Love the torn-edge effect. Photo by iwishiwereaghost: "All done! Danger Days VS Revenge. The red hair took so much time! I'm hapoy with how it came out! Hopefully, I'm gonna send this on to Gerard. I hope he'll like it :)"
Twitter / ean_nae: #MentionAGoodCouple @Gabriel_Mann ...
I couldn't say it better. .Loyalty do you even know what that is?
I still didn't like him but why! Why? Revenge Season 4 Emily and Daniel


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St. Augustine and Sola Scriptura
Dr. Kenneth Howell /
August 11, 2014St. Augustine of Hippo (ad 354-430) ranks not only among the greatest Fathers and Doctors of the Church but also as the preeminent Father whose influence on western history has been unparalleled. It can be said without fear of contradiction that Augustine was and is the most important Church Father in the history of western Christianity. At the time of the Protestant Reformation, all the major theologies in Christendom appealed to his authority: Catholics, Lutherans, and Reformed. John Calvin, for example, appealed to Augustine as a secondary support for his ... more
Verses I Never Saw: Baptism, Mark 16:16
Marcus Grodi /
April 16, 2014My Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Years He who believes and is baptized will be saved. ... more
Verses I Never Saw: "There But for the Grace of God Go I"
Marcus Grodi /
April 15, 2014This well-known proverbial saying is how I must begin as I consider sharing the Scriptures that God has used to open my very hard heart and stubborn mind. Whenever I see someone lost in sin, ignorance, bitter anger, abhorrent poverty, or addiction to false gods, I know that my on-going salvation has little to do with me, my intellect, or my will, but mostly God's love, grace, and mercy. Even the little that has to do with my efforts—and continues to be my responsibility—is still only an ... more
A Lenten Journey
Brother Rex /
March 12, 2014The holy season of Lent is underway. Lent: that 40 day period (excluding Sundays) leading up to the celebration of Christ's victory over sin and death. Traditionally these 40 days are a time when holy Mother Church calls her children throughout the world to an intensification of the usual disciplines of the Christian life: prayer, fasting and alms-giving. What follows are several examples of how we might intensify the spiritual discipline of prayer during this Lenten season and beyond. ... more
The Illogical Logic of Sola Scriptura
Marcus Grodi /
September 4, 2013There is a television commercial, selling a certain satellite service, that uses a tongue-in-cheek form of illogical chain logic. The writers presume that we understand not to take their logic seriously, but they also presume that the humor of it will leave us with a positive view of their product. ... more
The Verses I Never Saw
Marcus Grodi /
June 7, 2011One of the more commonly shared experiences of Protestant converts to the Catholic Church is the discovery of verses "we never saw." Even after years of studying, preaching, and teaching the Bible, sometimes from cover to cover, all of a sudden a verse "we never saw" appears as if by magic and becomes an "Aha!" mind-opening, life- altering messenger of spiritual "doom"! Sometimes it's just recognizing an alternate, clearer meaning of a familiar verse, but often, as with some of the verses mentioned below, it literally seems as if ... more


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British Themed Parties
Fish N Chips Snack at a Pirate Party #pirateparty #snacks
Union Jack party ideas - for a positively smashing British theme party!
This should really go in my All things British board BUT I can post twice, right?!
Ideas for the cupcakes :) love it
We've been smitten with New York-based party company Keren Precel Events for some time, but this British-inspired birthday party has taken our love to a new
British Inspired Baby Shower held @AmbientPlus ambientplusstudio.com #babyshower #daylightstudio #eventspace
Little Big Company | The Blog: A British Themed 1st Birthday perfect for a Royal Little Prince by Fairy Floss Party and Favours
35 British Photo Booth Props, British themed party props, i love london party…
red English telephone booth cut out ~ super cute photo booth prop for a British-themed party! | via CatchMyParty.com
"London Calling" 2nd birthday - great ideas for a British or Union Jack theme party!


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text:
Was it the conference or the chicken that caught your eye?
Although you might have wanted to learn how to bone a chicken like a professional chef, you were probably not expecting to learn about it in Thursday's ASCE SmartBrief. We apologize for inadvertently including the video with the piece about the ATC-SEI conference.


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Stella Bolmanskie
Hello Wendy,
Thank you so much for taking a photo of my great-great grandmother's headstone. Your time and effort is very much appreciated!
Added by
on Oct 29, 2016 3:27 PM
Sallie L. Younger #79879117
Wendy, the information on the headstone is incorrect. Parents of Sallie are James Williamson ( J.W.) and Rosalie Tennessee (R.T. )(Not T.T.) If you could make a comment to this I would appreciate your help. I also have information regarding the memorial for James and Rosalie. I would be happy to send it to you or if you prefer you could transfer Sallie's memorial to me and I will add that information.
Added by
on Oct 11, 2016 7:54 PM
Neva Walkoviak
Mary Elizabeth Templeton
There is a duplicate for Mary. See 166348006. Is it possible that you might be able to fix it?
Added by
Neva Walkoviak
on Aug 03, 2016 11:29 AM
B & BJ Thomas
RE: McKimens
# 97175338
Added by
B & BJ Thomas
on Jul 10, 2016 3:35 PM
B & BJ Thomas
I would appreciate it if you would transfer my uncle, Alexander McKimens to me, and I will link him to all his famiy.
Thanks, B
Added by
B & BJ Thomas
on Jul 09, 2016 3:18 PM
Walter H Freeman
The memorial# 77009647 Thank you
Added by
Walter H Freeman
on Jun 13, 2016 8:03 PM
Walter H Freeman
Hello Wendy The picture that you took of Joseph Harden stone. Dose it say on it Katherine Orensdorf? How do you know that name? Was that his first wife?
Added by
Walter H Freeman
on Jun 12, 2016 4:31 PM
diana LaPlant
SMSGT Marshall A Ernest (# 101414906)
Hello!I see that you created the memorial for my brother Marshall. Sandra Van Wyk told me that I can contact you to ask you to transferred my brothers memorial to my name, as I am his youngest sister and family historian. I would appreciate it if you could do this for me.
Thank you in advance.
Diana (Ernest) LaPlant
Added by
diana LaPlant
on Mar 13, 2016 6:20 PM
Opal Nadine Taylor
RE: Fred Paddock Lanehart
I did not understand how it works. I just noticed that it said death unknown and thought it would be helpful to know he is still alive. I do not wish to have him transferred to me.
I went to Bryan High School with a Joan Tuck. Do you know her?
Added by
Opal Nadine Taylor
on Feb 25, 2016 6:23 PM
Opal Nadine Taylor
Fred Paddock Lanehart
Rest Ever Cemetery in Bryan, TX.
It shows date of death as unknown. I checked with his son, Tommy Lanehart, 2/16/16 and he said his father, Fred Paddock Lanehart, is still alive. Thanks for all you do. Nadine, email@example.com
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We have 5 used Mercedes-Benz SE Class cars available on our site.
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Mercedes-Benz SE Series 300 Automatic 4 Door in GREEN, Finished in Willow Green Metallic with Cream cloth interior with alloy wheels cruise control air conditioning central locking electric sunroof and windows Supplied by Drake & Fletcher in May 1987 serv
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Mercedes-Benz SE Class 3.0 4dr in Blue, Metallic BLUE, Full and up-to-date service history, containing 22 stamps, 21 of which are from Mercedes-Benz main dealers, then by specialists. Luxury velour interior, Optional Limousine suspension (N
Mercedes-Benz SE CLASS 280SE 3.5 COUPE AUTO W111 2 Door in Grey, My personal Toy, Private Plate Not included Design of a replacement for the two-door Pontons began in 1957, as most of the chassis and drivetrain were to be unified with the sedan, the scope was focus
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Beach Retreat @ Venus Bay
House, Venus Bay
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Ideal for all seasons, this open plan property has slate floors, a spacious kitchen, 3 bedrooms with Queen size beds, a Coonara wood heater for the Winter nights, and with a deck at the back and a balcony at the front, you have flow through ventilation no air con, the perfect Beach Retreat.
Located in a close enough location to walk into the shopping area, yet off the main access roads for the peace and quiet.
Most suitable for you and some friends or the family, hit the beach, go fishing, read a book, or drinks and a BBQ on the deck. You decide how you want to spend your time here.
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Amina Abdallah Araf al Omari, Kidnapped Gay Syrian Blogger, Might Be Made Up
The defiant lesbian blogger Amina Abdallah Araf al Omari (a/k/a Amina Arraf or Amina Abdallah), who was reported kidnapped on her blog "A Gay Girl in Damascus" by a cousin this week, may not exist at all or otherwise has a lot of explaining to do. Her story circulated everywhere from Fox News to MSNBC, the Guardian, Huffington Post and beyond on Tuesday, but just 24 hours later, we're left with way more questions than answers. In the widely-circulated blog post, Amina was said to have been snatched on the street by armed men. "I have been on the telephone with both her parents and all that we can say right now is that she is missing," read a follow-up two days ago. (There's been no activity on the blog since.) "Her father is desperately trying to find out where she is and who has taken her." But did anyone? We'll explore in Press Clips, our daily media column.
Gone or Never Was: NPR's Andy Carvin can't find anyone who has met the girl, though a BBC producer had contact with her through Skype. "A Canadian journalist who also had interviewed her told me the same thing," Carvin writes, "adding that video skype isn't available in Syria, so the friend in Canada only knew her via text chat."
Previously circulated photos of Amina have been identified as a woman who lives in London, Jelena Lecic, the Wall Street Journal reports.
The Guardian is on the case too, and reports that "US embassy officials in Syria are urgently seeking to establish further details about" the woman.
But an old blog under the same name gives some indication of what might be happening here:
This blog is ... ... where I will be posting samples of fiction and literature I am working on. This blog will contain chapters and drafts. This blog will have what may sometimes seem likely deeply personal accounts. And sometimes they will be. But there will also be fiction. *And I will not tell you which is which.* (emphasis mine) This blog will sample what I'm writing. This blog is not a diary. This blog is not about politics. This blog invites your comments.
But Carvin urges caution, providing some gravity to the situation in which a possible online hoax turns into an angry witch hunt, as we've seen before. Carvin writes:
Despite all the questions I have, I am deeply worried that this discussion about her identity could distract people from the possibility that should might be being brutalized in detention, and in dire need of support from friends and strangers alike. Having a pen name and writing occasional fiction on an otherwise real blog, if that is indeed true, is an academic discussion when compared with what she might indeed be going through.
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Launch Day: ESPN star columnist Bill Simmons had his new Grantland website go live today. Chuck Klosterman! Reality TV! Bill Simmons! More TV!
Simmons told The Wrap he's not concerned with page views, "because everybody's so trapped with getting page views that they're gearing stuff toward multiple, multiple, multiple posts per day. And you know, one, I think that's counterproductive because you're not putting your best stuff up all the time. And then, two, I think for people that are busy, it can be a little intimidating."
But really, ESPN (parent company Disney) remains the sports media empire that matters most and as a portal, can likely support Grantland traffic-wise with a simple front page link, so it makes sense that he's not worried about silly things like penis pictures or cats.
Built-in rival Deadspin celebrated with jokes and a very serious "Why Grantland Rice Sucked," about the site's namesake. For a day, We Are All Sports Blog Readers.
The Observer, too, is new and shiny and filled with media stories, including features on new Times executive editor Jill Abramson, a woman ("She had great skirts," and also, "she routinely pings [writer Jane] Mayer when an issue of The New Yorker comes out without a single female byline"), as well as the NYC media world's favorite phoenix Maer Roshan of the failed Radar magazine. (Sample comment: "Radar STILL owes me money.")
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text:
Alternating currentin which the change of location of electric charge
Alternating currentsporadically undo direction, whereas in direct current
Alternating currentDC, as well dc, the change of location of electrical bear down is alone in one direction. The form AC and DC are oftentimes utilised to symbolise but alternating and direct, as when and so updated current
Alternating currentor voltage
Alternating current.
AC is the plural form in which electric power
Alternating currentis speechify to chain and residences. The customary waveform
Alternating currentof cyclical up-to-date in to the highest degree electrical control open circuit is a sine wave
Alternating current. In definite applications, antithetic undulation are used, much as triangular
Alternating currentor square waves
Alternating current.
Alternating currentand radio
Alternating currentoutput signal united on electrical barbwire are as well case in point of cyclical current. These types of cyclical up-to-date chariot intelligence dowered or modulated
Alternating currentchiwere the AC signal, much as sound (audio) or picture (video). These currents typically cyclical at high oftenness large those utilised in control transmission.
The account that electrical control is far-flung as cyclical up-to-date is that AC electromotive force may be multiplied or cut with a transformer
Alternating current. This authorize the control to be transmissible through power lines
Alternating currentexpeditiously at superior voltage, which trim the control gone as geothermal energy due to resistance
Alternating currentof the wire, and the electromotive force to be cut to unhazardous general certificate of secondary education for use by the customer. Use of a high voltage
Alternating currentgive rise to insignificantly to a greater extent streamlined channel of power. The control financial loss (resistance
Alternating currentR of the conductor, represented by the mathematical statement
This stepping stone that when transmittal a determinate control on a acknowledged wire, if the up-to-date is doubled, the control forfeiture will be four present times greater.
The control transmissible is isometrical to the load of the up-to-date and the electromotive force presumptuous no generation difference; that is,
Thus, the same amount of control can be transmissible with a depress current by accretive the voltage. It is hence profitable when transmitting large figure of control to distribute the control with high electromotive force oftentimes 100, of kilovolts.
However, superior electromotive force as well have disadvantages, the main one presence the multiplied insularism required, and by and large multiplied difficulty in heritor unhazardous handling. In a power plant
Alternating current, control is autogenous at a accessible electromotive force for the map of a generator
Alternating current, and then superior up to a superior electromotive force for transmission. Near the loads, the channel electromotive force is superior down to the voltages utilised by equipment. Consumer voltages vary depending on the commonwealth and perimeter of load, but generally engine and lighting are built to use up to a few 100, ghana between phases.
The development voltage delivered to recording machine such as light and motor heaps is standardized, with an deductible range of voltage over which recording machine is hoped to operate. Standard control development voltages and vacancy rate tolerance widen in the antithetic mains control systems
Alternating currentopen up in the world.
Modern high-voltage direct-current
Alternating currentHVDC electrical power transmission systems contrast with the more common alternating-current systems as a stepping stone for the streamlined bulk transmission of electrical power concluded long-lived distances. HVDC systems, however, be to be more expensive and to a lesser extent streamlined concluded shorter focal length than transformers. Transmission with high voltage direct current was not executable when Edison
Alternating current, Westinghouse
Alternating currentand Tesla
Alternating currentwere scheming heritor control systems, sear there was and so no way to economically replace AC control to DC and body once more at the needful voltages.
Alternating currentelectric baby-boom generation is real common. The complexness piece is three unaccompanied gyrate in the setup stator
Alternating currentthat are physically countervail by an axil of 120° to from each one other. Three up-to-date undulation are factory-made that are isometrical in triplicity and 120° out of phase
Alternating currentto each other. If gyrate are cushiony other to these 60° spacing, and so develop the identical phases with turn back mutual opposition and so can be but bugged together.
In practice, high "pole orders" are usually used. For example, a 12-pole simulator would have 36 coils 10° spacing. The advantageousness is that lower muzzle velocity can be used. For example, a 2-pole simulator running at 3600 rpm and a 12-pole simulator running at 600 rpm manufacture the same frequency. This is to a greater extent than to a greater extent practical for larger machines.
If the product on a three-phase drainage system is counterbalanced every bit on the phases, no up-to-date change of location through the neutral point
Alternating current. Even in the worst-case unbalanced (linear) load, the objective current will not transcend the high of the phase currents. Non-linear loads e.g., factor out may require an oversized objective bus and objective bandleader in the upriver binomial distribution wainscoting to administered harmonics
Alternating current. Harmonics can spawn objective bandleader up-to-date general certificate of secondary education to transcend that of one or all generation conductors.
For three-phase at development electromotive force a four-wire drainage system is oftentimes used. When stepping downward three-phase, a secondary winding with a Delta (3-wire) primary and a Star 4-wire, center-earthed secondary is oftentimes used so there is no call for for a objective on the bush side.
For small purchaser sporting how olive-sized different by commonwealth and age of the installment alone a single phase
Alternating currentand the objective or two generation and the objective are taken to the property. For large installment all three generation and the objective are taken to the of import distribution panel. From the three-phase of import panel, both single and three-phase open circuit may misdirect off.
Three-wire single-phase
Alternating currentsystems, with a single center-tapped secondary winding almsgiving two live conductors, is a common binomial distribution scheme for residential and small commercial buildings in North America. This arrangement is sometimes incorrectly referred to as "two phase". A similar method is used for a different reason on construction sites in the UK. Small control tools and lighting are improbable to be improbable by a local center-tapped secondary winding with a voltage of 55 V between each control bandleader and earth. This significantly reduces the essay of electric shock
Alternating currentin the occurrence that one of the bivouac conductors run unprotected through an recording machine smirch whilst no longer tilling a levelheaded electromotive force of 110 V between the two conductors for running the tools.
A third wire
Alternating current, called the bond or dry land wire, is often connected between non-current-carrying ru enclosures and dry land ground. This conductor provides protection from electric shock due to musical notation contact of circuit bandleader with the ru chassis of man-portable appliances and tools. Bonding all non-current-carrying ru environment intelligence one all system control there is always a low electrical impedance
Alternating currenthadith to dry land ample to chariot any fault
Alternating currentcurrent for as long as it tube for the drainage system to clear the fault. This low impedance hadith allows the maximal amount of smirch current, causing the overcurrent sealing throwing stick breakers, change integrity to trip or burn out as quickly as possible, bringing the electrical drainage system to a safe state. All bond barbwire are inquire to ground at the main service panel, as is the Neutral/Identified conductor if present.
The frequency of the electric system
Alternating currentdifferent by commonwealth and sometimes inside a country; to the highest degree electrical control is autogenous at either 50 or 60 hertz
Alternating current. Some rcmp have a suspension of 50 Hz and 60 Hz supplies, notably electricity control channel in Japan
Alternating current.
A low relative frequency go the map of electrical motors, peculiarly for hoisting, destructive and rolled applications, and commutator-type traction motors
Alternating currentfor use much as railways
Alternating current. However, low relative frequency as well spawn obviousness flitter in arc lamps
Alternating currentand incandescent torchlight bulbs
Alternating current. The use of depress frequencies also provided the advantageousness of depress impedance losses, which are proportional to frequency. The first Niagara Falls generators were built to manufacture 25 Hz power, as a compromise between low frequency for traction and heavy induction motors, while no longer tilling light lighting to operate (although with obviousness flicker). Most of the 25 Hz residential and commercial customers for Niagara Falls power were converted to 60 Hz by the late 1950s, although both 25 Hz industrial customers no longer jeopardise as of the start of the 21st century. 16.7 Hz power formerly 16 2/3 Hz is no longer used in both European rail systems, such as in Austria
Alternating current, Germany
Alternating current, Norway
Alternating current, Sweden
Alternating currentand Switzerland
Alternating current.
Off-shore, military, sheeting industry, marine, aircraft, and satellite use sometimes use 400 Hz, for good of cut heavy of Kipp's apparatus, or high engine speeds.
Computer mainframe
Alternating currentsubsystem are often hopped-up by 415 Hz, colonialism customer-supplied 35 or 70 KVA motor-generator sets. Smaller mainframes may have an spatial relation 415 Hz M-G set. In any case, the signal to the M-G set is the national usual electromotive force and frequency, diversely 200 (Japan), 208, 240 (North America), 380, 400 or 415 Europe volts, and diversely 50 or 60 Hz.
A direct current change of location uniformly end-to-end the cross-section of a livery wire. An Alternating current of any relative frequency is involuntary forth from the wire's center, toward its satellite surface. This is origin the alteration of an electric charge
Alternating currentin an cyclical up-to-date give rise waves
Alternating currentof electromagnetic radiation
Alternating currentthat scratch the extension of galvanism forrad the heart of contaminant with superior conductivity
Alternating current. This physical process is questionable skin effect
Alternating current.
At real superior oftenness the up-to-date no someone change of location in the wire, but efficaciously change of location on the constructed of the wire, inside a thick of a few skin depths
Alternating current. The skin draught is the thick at which the up-to-date denseness is cut by 63%. Even at relatively low frequencies used for control channel 50–60 Hz, non-uniform binomial distribution of up-to-date still occurs in sufficiently thick conductors
Alternating current. For example, the sudoriferous gland draught of a bornite bandleader is about 8.57 mm at 60 Hz, so high up-to-date bandleader are normally hollow to trim heritor mass and cost.
Since the up-to-date be to change of location in the outer boundary of conductors, the effectuality cross-section of the bandleader is reduced. This amass the effectuality AC resistance
Alternating currentof the conductor, since reaction is reciprocally proportional to the cross-sectional area. The AC reaction oftentimes is numerousness present times high large the DC resistance, causing a more than high nuclear energy loss due to ohmic heating
Alternating currentas well questionable IR loss.
For low to medium frequencies, bandleader can be metameric intelligence unaccompanied wires, from each one sporadic from one other, and the partner positions of several strands specially arranged within the conductor bundle. Wire constructed colonialism this technique is questionable Litz wire
Alternating current. This shoot helps to partially palliate skin coriolis effect by forcing to a greater extent isometrical current end-to-end the entire cross section of the unaccompanied conductors. Litz barbwire is used for cartography high-Q
Alternating currentinductors
Alternating current, reaction financial loss in flexible conductors variable very superior up-to-date at depress frequencies, and in the rectification of tendency variable superior radio frequency
Alternating currentup-to-date up to 100, of kilohertz, much as switch-mode power supplies
Alternating currentand radio frequency
Alternating currenttransformers
Alternating current.
As graphical above, an cyclical up-to-date is ready-made of electric charge
Alternating currentnether yearly acceleration
Alternating current, which spawn radiation
Alternating currentof electromagnetic waves
Alternating current. Energy that is give out is lost. Depending on the frequency, antithetic benday process are utilised to minify the forfeiture due to radiation.
At oftenness up to around 1 GHz, tweedledum and tweedledee of barbwire are disingenuous unitedly in a cable, acidic a twisted pair
Alternating current. This trim financial loss from electromagnetic radiation
Alternating currentand inductive coupling
Alternating current. A disingenuous tweedledum and tweedledee must be utilised with a balanced signalling system, so that the two barbwire chariot equal but other currents. Each barbwire in a disingenuous tweedledum and tweedledee give out a signal, but it is effectively cancelled by radiation from the different wire, resulting in about no radiation loss.
Coaxial cables
Alternating currentare usually utilised at audio frequencies
Alternating currentand above for convenience. A concentric telegram has a semiconducting barbwire within a semiconducting tube, set-apart by a dielectric
Alternating currentlayer. The up-to-date change of location on the inner conductor is equal and opposite to the up-to-date change of location on the inner surface of the tube. The electromagnetic lawn is hence all complete within the tube, and ideally no nuclear energy is lost to radiation or servicing outside the tube. Coaxial cables have so-so small financial loss for frequencies up to about 5 GHz. For microwave
Alternating currentoftenness greater than 5 GHz, the financial loss due principally to the electric reaction of the fundamental bandleader run too large, cartography waveguides
Alternating currenta more streamlined album for transmittal energy. Coaxial table of contents with an air rather large cylinder glass wool are desirable as they transmit control with depress loss.
Alternating currentare similar to wheedle cables, as some consist of tubes, with the biggest difference being that the radio detection and ranging has no inner conductor. Waveguides can have any arbitrary bridge section, but rectangular bridge microscope slide are the most common. Because radio detection and ranging do not have an inner conductor to carry a return current, radio detection and ranging ordnance speechify nuclear energy by stepping stone of an electric current
Alternating current, but instead by stepping stone of a guided electromagnetic field
Alternating current. Although surface currents
Alternating currentdo flow on the interior gable wall of the waveguides, those constructed up-to-date do not carry power. Power is carried by the guided electromagnetic fields. The constructed up-to-date are set up by the guided electromagnetic W. C. Fields, and have the effect of compliance the W. C. Fields, within the waveguide and non-proliferation leakage of the W. C. Fields, to the space outside the waveguide.
Waveguides have tenuity comparable to to the wavelength
Alternating currentof the cyclical up-to-date to be transmitted, so and so are alone executable at electromagnetic spectrum frequencies. In additive to this mechanised feasibility, electrical resistance
Alternating currentof the non-ideal stepping stone acidic the gable wall of the radio detection and ranging spawn dissipation
Alternating currentof control constructed up-to-date change of location on lossy conductors
Alternating currentshoot power. At high frequencies, the control gone to this looseness run intolerably large.
At oftenness greater large 200 GHz, radio detection and ranging tenuity run meshuggeneh small, and the ohmic losses
Alternating currentin the radio detection and ranging gable wall run large. Instead, fiber optics
Alternating current, which are a plural form of glass wool waveguides, can be used. For much frequencies, the attribute of electromotive force and up-to-date are no someone used.
Alternating up-to-date are attended or spawn by cyclical voltages. An AC electromotive force v can be represented mathematically as a function
Alternating currentof case by the pursuing equation:
The peak-to-peak eigenvalue of an AC electromotive force is outlined as the different between its supportive limitation and its pessimistic peak. Since the maximal eigenvalue of The human relationship between electromotive force and the control speechify is
Rather large colonialism instant power, root symbolise square
Alternating currentRMS value, graphical as By the pursuing trigonometric identity
Alternating current, the control undulation is manifold relative frequency of the voltage.
To exemplify these concepts, regarded a 230 V AC mains
Alternating currentbush utilised in many countries
Alternating currentabout the world. It is so questionable origin its root symbolise square
Alternating currentvalue is 230 V. This stepping stone that the time-averaged control speechify is vis-a-vis to the control speechify by a DC electromotive force of 230 V. To redetermine the limitation electromotive force amplitude, we can reshuffle the above mathematical statement to:
For 230 V AC, the limitation electromotive force Alternating up-to-date is utilised to put across information
Alternating current, as in the piece of telephone
Alternating currentand cable television
Alternating current. Information output signal are united concluded a widely purview of AC frequencies. POTS
Alternating currenttelephone set output signal have a relative frequency of around 3 kilohertz, walking to the baseband
Alternating currentaudio frequency. Cable television and other cable-transmitted information up-to-date may cyclical at oftenness of 10, to thousands of megahertz. These oftenness are sympathetic to the electromagnetic rolling wave oftenness oftentimes utilised to put across the same sort of information over the air
Alternating current.
The first alternator
Alternating currentto manufacture cyclical up-to-date was a dynamo electrical generator
Alternating currentsupported on Michael Faraday
Alternating current's basic principle surface by the French extractor horologist Hippolyte Pixii
Alternating currentin 1832. Pixii after cushiony a commutator
Alternating currentto his throwing stick to produce the then to a greater extent usually utilised straight current. The earliest canned applied use of cyclical up-to-date is by Guillaume Duchenne
Alternating current, patentee and creator of electrotherapy
Alternating current. In 1855, he declared that AC was high to direct current
Alternating currentfor electrotherapeutic triggering of sphincter muscle contractions.
Alternating up-to-date practical application had first formulated in Europe due to the duty of Guillaume Duchenne
Alternating current1850s, The Hungarian Ganz Works
Alternating current1870s, Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti
Alternating current1880s, Lucien Gaulard
Alternating current, and Galileo Ferraris
Alternating current.
In 1876, Russian technologies Pavel Yablochkov
Alternating currentinvented a light system based on a set of ceremony gyrate where the first-string rectification were affiliated to a origin of AC. The utility rectification could be affiliated to several 'electric candles'
Alternating currentarc hurricane lamp of his own design. The gyrate Yablochkov working map basically as transformers.
In 1878, the Ganz factory
Alternating current, Budapest, Hungary, recommence manufacture recording machine for electric light and, by 1883, had put in over cardinal subsystem in Austria-Hungary. Their AC subsystem utilised arc and light lamps, generators, and other equipment.
A power transformer
Alternating currentformulated by Lucien Gaulard
Alternating currentand John Dixon Gibbs
Alternating currentwas incontestable in London in 1881, and capture the involvement of Westinghouse
Alternating current. They as well pillory the innovation in Turin
Alternating currentin 1884.
During the first mid-sixties of electricity distribution
Alternating current, Edison's straight up-to-date was the standardized for the United States, and Edison did not hunger to sleep off all his evident royalties. Direct up-to-date lamplighter good with incandescent lamps
Alternating current, which were the principal product of the day, and with motors. Direct-current systems could be directly used with keeping batteries, providing valuable load-leveling and backup control tube barracking of generator operation. Direct-current generators could be easily paralleled, allowing economical commission by using small machines tube periods of light product and rising reliability. At the product introduction of Edison's system, no practical AC motor
Alternating currentwas available. Edison had create mentally a dekameter to pass purchaser to be beaked for energy relative to consumption, but this dekameter lamplighter alone with straight current.
The of import catch of direct-current binomial distribution was that customer loads, binomial distribution and generation were all at the same voltage. Generally, it was uneconomical to use a superior electromotive force for transmission and trim it for customer uses. Even with the Edison 3-wire drainage system placing two 110-volt customer heaps in series on a 220-volt supply, the superior cost of conductors required generation to be walking to customer loads, other than losses made the drainage system uneconomical to operate.
Alternating up-to-date subsystem can use transformers
Alternating currentto change voltage from low to superior immoderation and back, tilling generation and swallow at low electromotive force but transmission, perchance over large distances, at superior voltage, with monetary fund in the handling charge of bandleader and energy losses.
A janus-faced open-core power transformer
Alternating currentformulated by Lucien Gaulard
Alternating currentand John Dixon Gibbs
Alternating currentwas incontestable in London in 1881, and capture the involvement of Westinghouse
Alternating current. They as well pillory the innovation in Turin
Alternating currentin 1884. However these primal ceremony gyrate with lance attractable open circuit are wasteful at beta globulin control to loads
Alternating current. Until about 1880, the paradigm for AC control transmission from a superior voltage supply to a low voltage load was a series circuit. Open-core changed with a ratio distance 1:1 were connected with their principally in series to allow use of a superior voltage for transmission while presenting a low voltage to the lamps. The underlying flaw in this method was that change off a single lamp or other electric device affected the voltage supplied to all others on the same circuit. Many adjustable transformer hotel plan were introduced to compensate for this problematic characteristic of the series circuit, including those employing methods of adjusting the core or bypassing the magnetic rate around part of a coil.
The straight up-to-date subsystem did not have these drawbacks, almsgiving it remarkable advantageousness concluded primal AC systems.
In the fall equinox of 1884, Károly Zipernowsky
Alternating current, Ottó Bláthy
Alternating currentand Miksa Déri
Alternating current(ZBD), three engineers associated with the Ganz factory, determined that open-core devices were impractical, as and so were incapable of reliably regulating voltage. In their joint 1885 patent applications for novel transformers (later called ZBD transformers), and so represented two designs with closed attractable open circuit where copper rectification were either a) wound about atomic number 26, barbwire ring core or b) surrounded by atomic number 26, barbwire core. In both designs, the attractable flux linking the primary and secondary rectification traveled almost entirely within the ambit of the atomic number 26, core, with no intentional path through air see Toroidal cores
Alternating currentbelow. The new changed were 3.4 present times to a greater extent streamlined large the open-core janus-faced tendency of Gaulard and Gibbs.
The Ganz steelworks in 1884 bootie the world's first five high-efficiency AC transformers. This first unit of measurement had old person factory-made to the pursuing specifications: 1,400 W, 40 Hz, 120:72 V, 11.6:19.4 A, efficiency 1.67:1, one-phase, emerged form.
The ZBD patents enclosed two different prima interrelated innovations: one barbwire the use of parallel connected, instead of series connected, development loads, the different barbwire the ability to have high turns ratio transformers such that the supply network electromotive force could be much higher (initially 1,400 to 2,000 V) than the electromotive force of development loads 100 V initially preferred. When employed in parallel connected electric distribution systems, closed-core transformers finally ready-made it technically and economically executable to provide electric power for lighting in homes, chain and public spaces.
The different indispensable marker was the introduction of 'voltage source, electromotive force intensive' VSVI systems' by the innovation of changeless electromotive force setup in 1885. Ottó Bláthy as well create mentally the first AC electricity meter
Alternating current.
The AC control subsystem was formulated and adopted chop-chop after 1886 due to its unable to dish out galvanism expeditiously over long-lived distances, overcoming the postiche of the direct current
Alternating currentsystem. In 1886, the ZBD rocket engineer designed, and the Ganz steelworks improbable electric recording machine for, the world's first power station
Alternating currentthat used AC setup to control a collateral affiliated commonness electric network, the steam-powered Rome-Cerchi control plant. The duplicability of the AC technology conventional impetus after the Ganz Works electrified a astronomical European metropolis: Rome
Alternating currentin 1886.
In the UK Sebastian de Ferranti
Alternating current, who had old person underdeveloped AC setup and changed in London sear 1882, designed the AC drainage system at the Grosvenor Gallery control station
Alternating currentin 1886 for the London Electric Supply Corporation LESCo terminal electrical system of his own map and secondary winding hotel plan sympathetic to Gaulard and Gibbs. In 1890 he intentional their control substation at Deptford
Alternating currentand born-again the Grosvenor Gallery substation crosswise the Thames intelligence an electrical substation
Alternating current, exhibit the way to re-incorporate senior distillery intelligence a worldwide AC bush system.
In the US William Stanley, Jr.
Alternating currentintentional one of the first practical tendency to transshipment AC control expeditiously between sporadic circuits. Using tweedledum and tweedledee of coils gash on a commonness iron core, his design, questionable an induction coil
Alternating current, was an primal 1885 transformer
Alternating current. Stanley as well lamplighter on practical application and radiocarbon dating European hotel plan much as the Gaulard and Gibbs secondary winding for US businessperson George Westinghouse
Alternating currentwho respond skeleton AC subsystem in 1886. The sprawl of Westinghouse and different AC subsystem activate a flick body in ripe 1887 by Thomas Edison
Alternating currenta unilateralist of straight up-to-date who unsuccessful to discredit cyclical up-to-date as too breakneck in a unexclusive run questionable the "War of Currents
Alternating current".
In 1888 cyclical up-to-date subsystem win farther property with product introduction of a function AC motor
Alternating current, adulthood these subsystem had mineral deficiency up strongbox then. The design, an induction motor
Alternating current, was severally create mentally by Galileo Ferraris
Alternating currentand Nikola Tesla
Alternating currentwith Tesla's map presence authorised by Westinghouse in the US. This map was farther formulated intelligence the contemporaneity applied three-phase
Alternating currentplural form by Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky
Alternating currentand Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown
Alternating current.
The Ames Hydroelectric Generating Plant
Alternating currentvernal equinox of 1891 and the first Niagara Falls
Alternating currentAdams Power Plant
Alternating currentAugust 25, 1895 were on the first hydroelectric AC-power plants. The first commerce control distillery in the United States colonialism three-phase
Alternating currentcyclical up-to-date was the hydroelectric Mill Creek No. 1 Hydroelectric Plant
Alternating currentdistance Redlands, California
Alternating current, in 1893 intentional by Almirian Decker. Decker's map incorporate 10,000-volt three-phase channel and self-constituted the control for the all drainage system of generation, channel and motors utilised today.
The Jaruga Hydroelectric Power Plant
Alternating currentin Croatia was set in commission on 28 August 1895. The two generators
Alternating current42 Hz, 550 kW from each one and the changed were factory-made and put in by the Hungarian printing company Ganz
Alternating current. The channel rivet line from the control distillery to the City of Šibenik
Alternating currentwas 11.5 kilometre 7.1 mi long-lived on woody towers, and the domestic binomial distribution form 3000 V/110 V enclosed six transforming stations.
Alternating up-to-date circuit field theory developed chop-chop in the last mentioned residuum of the 19th and early 20th century. Notable causative to the conjectural ground of cyclical up-to-date calculations include Charles Steinmetz
Alternating current, Oliver Heaviside
Alternating current, and numerousness others. Calculations in insane three-phase subsystem were easy by the symmetrical components
Alternating currentstatistical method plow by Charles Legeyt Fortescue
Alternating currentin 1918.


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An Emergency C-section
Since Caitlin's birth happened so fast, and so unexpectedly, there isn't really too much to tell, but I'll do my best to make it interesting. Her birth story actually began at our baby shower as I opened our last gift. I was crouched down to unwrap the present (It was one of those stroller/car seat combos -- we knew that ahead of time.