text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 31, 1999
|Filing date
|May 29, 1996
|Priority date
|May 29, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ross Cunniff
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett Packard Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (26), Classifications (4), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to client server computer systems. In particular, the invention relates to a novel approach to sending data, particularly graphics data from a server to a client system.
As computer systems have gained both acceptance and popularity, ease of use has become an issue. In many respects, so-called "user friendly" interfaces have made a difference in their successful deployment. Users now expect that computers will not be merely text based, but that they will include graphical interfaces, as well as graphical applications.
Heretofore, a limitation which has existed in the successful implementation of graphical systems has been that they have been extremely hardware intensive. In particular, in order to advance the art in computer graphics, the standard approach has been to upgrade the hardware--to gain better resolution, to gain faster screen displays, and to otherwise gain faster and better access to the available data.
Up to a point, this "brute force" approach has actually been needed. For example, a high resolution monitor is required in order to display high resolution graphics, and a fast processor is required in order to be able to update images quickly on the screen. However, a problem which remains is that the brute force approach, itself, has limitations. In particular, it is very expensive to continuously upgrade hardware, and unless all aspects of the hardware can be upgraded, there will be limitations on the overall system benefits simply because system performance will always be limited to the weakest link in the system.
These limitations are particularly true in client-server systems, i.e., those systems in which a server containing large amounts of data, is called upon by a client system to provide the data so that the client can render and image. In such systems, the previous approach of sending all of the available data to the client, and letting the client process the data and create a screen image, is simply too inefficient. This inefficiency is further amplified where the server has large amounts of data available for use in generating three-dimensional ("3-D") images on the client system.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, the problem of transferring large amounts of graphical data, particularly data associated with 3-D graphical images, from a server to a client has been solved.
The invention is an improved multi-level client server, large model traverser of the type which includes a server system and a client system which are connected together by a data path. In accordance with the invention, the present, improved system includes pruning means within the server system for pruning objects which will not be rendered by the client. The pruning means eliminates those objects which will not be rendered by the client from the data which the server will transmit to the client.
The client contains culling means for eliminating the data associated with objects which will not be rendered by the client. Accordingly, object data which is not needed by the client is pruned by the server system prior to sending data over the data path to the client system, and graphics data which will not be part of the scene is culled by the client system prior to being rendered.
An improved method of rendering graphics scenes on a client system served by a server through a data path is also described. The improvement comprises the steps of storing the data in objects on the server. The object data is stored in a hierarchical tree structure in which objects contained by other objects are arranged in such a manner that they can be pruned in accordance with rules associated with where they are in the hierarchy.
In the data structure of the preferred embodiment of the invention, information is stored as to the position of each data object, its bounding geometry, and its opaque radius. Using this information, various objects whose data has been sent to the client can be culled without rendering by determining whether they would be within the view cone of the observer, and by whether they would be obscured by objects in front of them. In addition, based upon their distance from the observer and upon their size, a level of detail based culling operation which would render small, distant objects at lower detail, or invisible, could be provided. The invention also employs steps which determine whether any part to the bounding box which includes all of an object's data crosses the view frustum of the observer.
In the Drawing:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical client-server system of the type referred to herein;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a hierarchical data organization of the type used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of the steps taken by the server in response to a client's expressed need to display a scene from a particular location looking in a particular direction;
FIG. 4 is an illustration of the steps which the server takes in conducting its pruning operations;
FIG. 5 is an illustration of the tree-based data structure used by the present invention;
FIGS. 6 and 7 are illustrations of the viewing geometry used in the View Cone Elimination step;
FIG. 8 is an illustration showing how an object can be within (or outside of) the Field of View of another object;
FIG. 9 is an illustration showing how an object can be obscured by a closer object;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the culling steps performed by the client; and
FIG. 11 is an illustration showing how a volume bounding an object is used to determine whether the object will be visible to an observer based upon whether or not any part of the bounding volume is within the frustum which is visible to the observer.
In order to understand the present invention, it is helpful to first review the systems of the prior art. With reference, therefore, to FIG. 1, a typical client server system 10 is illustrated. In the system 10, a server 12, which stores data, is able to send that data to a client 14 which has need for the data over a data path 16. Various problems with this approach result from the amount of data which is stored on the server 12, as compared to the amount of data which may actually be needed by the client 14 in order for the client 14 to be able to provide a desired graphics display to a user.
The problems have generally been solved before by the client 14 requesting data from the server 12, the server 12 transferring data over the data path 16 to the client 14, and then having the client 14 determine which of the data actually was to be displayed by the graphics display of the client 14. As the resolution of graphics displays got better, and as servers were able to store more data, the result was that each time a client 14 needed to produce ("render") an image, the data had to be transferred from the server 12 over the data path 16 to the client 14 which had to select the data to be displayed and then display it. With each advance in resolution, further advances were required to transfer and handle the data. This "brute force" approach continued to place additional requirements on data access rates, data transfer rates, and display hardware and software.
Referring to FIG. 2, in accordance with the present invention, a new approach has been developed in which data is represented and stored on the server 12 in a multi-level hierarchy. In particular, data is referred to as objects 18, which are made up of graphics 20, which are, in turn, made up of primitives 22 (such as lines, triangles, and polygons). Accordingly, in accordance with the present invention, the multiple levels of data representation can be used initially by the server 12 to determine if the data relating to a particular object 18 is even needed by the client 14. If a particular object 18 is not needed to satisfy a particular request of the client 14, then it is not necessary for the server 12 to transfer either the graphics 20 or the primitives 22 associated with that data object 18 to the client 14.
If it is possible for the server 12, to make an initial determination that the client 14 would not have a particular object 18 "in view", then no data transfer (with respect to that object 18) is even necessary. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the server 12 is responsible for performing two steps, namely removing ("pruning") unnecessary objects 24, and transferring to the client 14 that data which is associated with possibly needed objects 26. The first step of the present invention, therefore, is to eliminate ("prune") objects which the server 12 can determine are not needed by the client 14. This step is carried out by a process involving four steps, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
As shown in FIG. 4, the step of pruning unnecessary objects is accomplished by the steps of Object Hierarchy Elimination 28, View Cone Elimination 30, Front-to-Back Object Sorting 32, and the trivial rejection of obscured objects, i.e., the step of Obscured Object Rejection 34. These steps, which all occur at the server 12, will be explained in greater detail hereinafter. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, such pruning of object data significantly reduces the amount of data which must be transferred to the client 14, thereby significantly reducing the time required by the client 14 to render a scene. Notwithstanding these benefits, there is no need for higher speed hardware by the client 14. Thus, the "brute force" approach of the prior art is eliminated.
The step of Object Hierarchy Elimination 28 (of FIG. 4) can now be explained as follows. In accordance with the invention, at a high level of data abstraction, an Object is considered to be a container for other Objects. In particular, an Object may be contained by one other Object (its "Parent"), and it may contain other Objects (its "Children"). Each Object can also have "Siblings" (corresponding to the other Children of that Object's Parent). Accordingly, using this abstraction, an Object can be considered to have the following data structure:
______________________________________StructObject{Struct Object*Parent; /*what contains this object */*Children; /*what this object contains */*Prev, *Next; /*linked list of siblings */FloatPos 3!; /*position in space */Radius; /*bounding sphere of all of graphics */OpaqueRad; /*opaque radius - hides objects. behind *//* other information including graphics */};______________________________________
In accordance with the foregoing data structure, an Object is considered to have a pointer to its Parent (*Parent), and it may have a pointer to one of its Children (*Children). As each Object in the preferred embodiment of the data structure has pointers forming a linked list, to its Siblings (*Prev and *Next), it is always possible for an Object to find all of its Children, even though it has only a single pointer to one of its Children.
The data structure also indicates that each Object knows where it is in 3-D space (Pos 3!), and that it knows both the bounding sphere containing all of its graphics data (Radius) and the radius which it has and which obscures all Objects which are behind the Object (its opaque radius, called "OpaqueRad").
With reference now to FIG. 5, a tree structure implementing the data structure of the present invention is illustrated. By way of example, a graphical object, namely a ball 36, is contained in a cup 38, which is contained in a cabinet 40, which is contained in a room 42, which contained is in a house 44.
The cup 38 has a plate 48 and a bowl 50 as its siblings. Similarly, the cabinet 40 (containing the cup 38) has a table 52 and a chair 54 as its siblings; the room 42 (containing the cabinet 40) has a room 56 as its sibling; and the house 44 (containing the room 42) has houses 58, 60 as its siblings. As illustrated, the houses 44, 58, 60, are all contained in the world 46 (the world 46 being the Object which contains all of the other Objects). While a number of objects are illustrated in FIG. 5, many more could be part of the data on the server 12, as indicated symbolically by the various " . . . more" indicia.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, whenever a client 14 indicates to a server 12 that the client 14 wants to render a scene, the server 12 must provide data to the client 14 which the client 14 needs to render the scene based upon the location of an observer who is looking in a particular direction from a particular point. Accordingly, the present invention assumes that there is an observer 48 who is in the location of the object (the ball 36) which is being viewed.
A textual representation of the tree hierarchy illustrated in FIG. 5 is:
______________________________________World {House {... moreHouse {Room {Cabinet { Plate { } Cup { Ball { } Observer { } } Bowl { ... more } ... more}Table { ... more}Chair { ... more}... more}Room {... more}... moreHouse {... more}... more}______________________________________
In accordance with the present invention, an observer, such as Observer 48, can see only certain Objects. Consequently, those Objects which the Observer 48 cannot see can be pruned from the data structure (as illustrated at reference 24, FIG. 3). Objects which cannot be pruned, i.e., those which may be visible, are all of its siblings "across", i.e., the ball 36; the children of its siblings "down", of which there are none in FIG. 5; its parent, the cup 38, and its parent's siblings, the plate 48 and the bowl 50; its grandparent, the cabinet 40, and its grandparent's siblings, the table 52 and the chair 54; etc., all the way up to the root of the tree.
In pseudocode:
______________________________________/* Draw siblings and children of siblings */for(Obj = Observer->Parent->Children; Obj; Obj = Obj->Next) {for( Child = Obj->Children; Child; Child = Child->Next) {DrawObject( Child );DrawObject( Obj );}/* Draw parents and siblings of parents */for( Parent = Observer->Parent; Parent; Parent = Parent->Parent) {if( Parent->Parent ) {for( Obj = Parent->Parent->Children; Obj; Obj = Obj->Next) {DrawObject( Obj );}}}______________________________________
The foregoing algorithm works well for pruning several kinds of scenes, including standard city-house-room scenes and scenes involving space, i.e., the solar system-planet-moons-satellite system. Using the foregoing algorithm one can prune all unseen objects based simply upon their hierarchy in the tree structure. Accordingly, the foregoing procedure is referred to herein as Object Hierarchy Elimination (step 28 in FIG. 4), and it constitutes the first pruning step performed by the server 12.
Following Object Hierarchy Elimination, the next step in the present invention is called View Cone Elimination (step 30 in FIG. 4). View Cone Elimination, which is the second level of pruning performed by the server 12, involves the trivial rejection of objects which are outside of the view cone of the Observer 48.
As used herein, the term "view cone" is defined by the position of the observer, a view axis, and a field of view ("FOV"). Thus, the definition of the FOV data structure is
______________________________________Struct FOV {float Pos 3!;float Axis 3!;float FOV;______________________________________
As shown above, an object being considered for trivial rejection has a Position (in 3-D space), and it has a Radius (inside which all of its graphics fit) which are defined as part of its data:
float ObjPos 3!;
float Radius;
Referring to FIG. 6, an illustration of the viewing geometry is shown. In the illustration, the vector ObjDir is computed as the vector difference between the Object's Position, ObjPos, and the Observer's Position, Pos, so:
If the length of the vector ObjDir is less than the radius of the Object, i.e., Radius, then trivial rejection is not possible, since the Observer's location, Pos, is inside the Object, as shown in FIG. 7. Otherwise, trivial rejection may be possible as explained below.
In FIG. 6, the angle α (corresponding to the angular half-size of object, as viewed by the observer) and the angle β (corresponding to the angular separation of object from the observer's viewing axis) may be computed as follows:
ObjDir is unitized.
β=acos(VDOT(Axis, ObjDir))
where, ObjDist is the length of the original ObjPos-Pos vector; ObjDir is the ObjPos-Pos vector normalized (to a length of 1); and VDOT is a function which computes the vector dot product of the vectors contained within the parenthesis.
Given α, β, and FOV, we can then trivially reject an object if:
As shown in FIG. 8, the Object 62 is outside of the field of view (FOV) of the observer, so it can be trivially rejected based upon the View Cone Elimination step (reference 30 in FIG. 4).
Following View Cone Elimination, Front-to-Back Object Sorting (reference 32 in FIG. 4) is conducted. In order to accomplish Front-to-Back Object Sorting, all objects which have not been rejected are placed into a list which is sorted based upon its distance from the Observer. The sorted list is traversed from front-to-back (closest to furthest from the Observer), with the remaining objects being sent to the Client 14 for rendering, unless they fail the Obscured Object Rejection test described below.
The Obscured Object Rejection test is conducted as follows. In addition to position and radius information, each object's data includes an "opaque radius" number. An object's opaque radius is the radius inside of which the object is completely opaque. As the sorted list is traversed, rendered objects are placed into another data structure designed for fast searches. An example of one such data structure is called a "quadtree" in the view plane. Each new object is compared against the objects which have already been selected to be rendered. The object is then retained for rendering unless an object which has already been rendered (or selected for rendering) obscures it (i.e., It is fully behind a "closer" object which fully obscures it.).
Obscuring is based upon the "opaque radius" of the objects, thus with reference to FIG. 9, the Opaque Field of Object 64 is calculated as follows:
β=acos(VDOT(ObjDir, OpaqueDir));
Thus, Obj is completely obscured by Other if, and only if:
With reference to FIG. 9, Object 65 is completely behind, and obscured by, Object 64, so Object 65 can be culled. The traversal of the sorted list can be expressed in pseudocode as follows:
______________________________________for(i = 0; i < NumObjs; i++){Obj = SortedObjs i!;ObjDir = Obj->Pos - EyePos; - ObjDist = VLEN( ObjDir ); - VNORM( ObjDr );- alpha = asin( Obj->Radius / ObjDist ); - Rejected = FALSE; - for(Other= FIRST-- POSSIBLE-- OBSCURER( ObjDir ); - Other; - Other = NEXT-- POSSIBLE-- OBSCURER( Other )) {- OtherDir = Other->Pos - EyePos; /* line a */ - OtherDist = VLEN( OtherDir ); /* line b */VNORM( OtherDir ); /* line c */OpaqueField = asin( OtherDist / Other->OpaqueRadius ); /* line d */beta = acos( VDOT( ObjDir, OtherDir) );if( (alpha + beta) <= OpaqueField ) { Rejected = TRUE; break; /*From obscure-loop*/}if (?Rejected){SendObjToClient( Obj );AddObjToQuadtree( Obj );}}______________________________________
Note that lines a, b, c, and d can be precomputed in AddObjToQuadtree. Additionally, FIRST-- POSSIBLE-- OBSCURER (Vec) uses the quadtree to find the first in the quadrant that Vec crosses.
NEXT-- POSSIBLE-- OBSCURER returns the next one in that quadrant. Finally, a heuristic can be used to reduce the number of objects in the quadtree. Thus, only objects having at least a certain opaque field or larger need to be stored.
In accordance with the present invention, no further processing occurs at the server 12. That means that this is where the data relating to the remaining objects whose rendering could not be eliminated by the foregoing pruning procedures is sent over the data path 16 to the Client 14, where the data will either be culled or rendered, as illustrated in FIG. 10. In other words, this is where the network transport layer occurs, i.e., where data is actually passed to the client 14 over the data path 16 (See FIG. 1).
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, Objects are each comprised of several graphics which are identified by unique 24-bit IDs, which are sent to the Client 14, along with a 4�3 transform matrix per graphic. In accordance with the invention, the client 14 takes this matrix and graphic ID and renders the requested ID based on further culling checks.
The first culling check, which is conducted by the client 14 is called Level-of-Detail Culling. In order to accomplish Level-of-Detail Culling, the client 14 associates each graphic with a 3-D bounding volume. That 3-D bounding volume is transformed by the matrix supplied to the client 14 by the server 12, and its computed on-screen size is used to compute a Level-Of-Detail ("LOD") bit. For example, four LOD bits, called LOD-- TINY, LOD-- SMALL, LOD-- MEDIUM, and LOD-- LARGE, respectively, are preferably computed. After the appropriate bit is computed, if a particular graphic has that bit set, then it is rendered. Otherwise, it is not rendered. Since Graphic IDs may indicate a group of associated Graphic IDs, large numbers of primitives can be culled using only one check.
Level-of-Detail Culling can be controlled in two ways in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. First, the designer of objects and graphics can tag the graphics with flags indicating whether the graphic is to be displayed when it is tiny, small, medium, or large on screen. The rendering client 14 will then select the appropriate graphic given the pixel area of the bounding box on-screen.
The second way of controlling Level-of-Detail Culling is more automatic in that the graphic designer designs the graphics at a high resolution, and the client 14 automatically creates the other three versions of the graphic based upon reductions in resolution. For example, a sphere may be designed to be tesselated into a rather high number of rows and columns for the high-resolution graphic (e.g., 64 by 32). The client 14 will then automatically create a 32 by 16 graphic, a 16 by 8 graphic, and an 8 by 4 graphic version of the sphere to use as the medium, small, and tiny versions, respectively. This works with all the graphics types supported by the client 14, including (but not limited to), spheres, torii (doughnuts), cones, cylinders, rings and disks, convex polygons, triangle meshes, quadrilateral meshes, altitude meshes, surfaces of revolution, and extrusions.
The exact on-screen pixel areas which cause the various levels-of-detail to be selected are turnable, and they are subject to experimentation. The manner in which the level of detail is selected and rendered is illustrated by the following pseudocode:
______________________________________/* SelectLOD - returns the appropriate flag LOD-- TINY,LOD-- SMALL,* LOD-- MEDIUM, or LOD-- LARGE based on the on-screen area of* the given bounding box (BBox) transformed by the modelling* matrix Mat*/int SelectLOD( float BBox 6!, float Mat 4! 4! )floatVerts 8*3!;inti;floatx, y, Area,XMin, YMin,XMax, YMax;/* Convert bounding box to 8 vertices on box */Verts 0! = BBox 0!; Verts 1! = BBox 1!; Verts 2! = BBox 2!;Verts 4! = BBox 0!; Verts 5! = BBox 1!; Verts 6! = BBox 5!;Verts 7! = BBox 0!; Verts 8! = BBox 4!; Verts 9! = BBox 2!;Verts 10! = BBox 0!; Verts 11! = BBox 4!; Verts 12! = BBox 5!;Verts 13! = BBox 3!; Verts 14! = BBox 1!; Verts 15! = BBox 2!;Verts 16! = BBox 3!; Verts 17! = BBox 1!; Verts 18! = BBox 5!;Verts 19! = BBox 3!; Verts 20! = BBox 4!; Verts 21! = BBox 2!;Verts 22! = BBox 3!; Verts 23! = BBox 4!; Verts 24! = BBox 5!;/* Transform bounding box into world coordinates *//* Words-per-vertex is 3, # of vertices is 8 */TransformPoints( Verts, 3, 8, Mat );/* Find on-screen bounding rectangle of bounding box */WorldToScreen( Verts 0!, Verts 1!, Verts 2!, &XMin, &YMin );XMax = XMin; YMax = YMin;for(i = 1; i < 8; i++) {WorldToScreen( Verts 3*i!, Verts 3*i+1!, Verts 3*i+2!, &x,&y);if(x < XMin ) XMin = x; if(x > XMax) XMax = x;if(y < YMin ) YMin = y; if(y > YMax) YMax = y;}Area = (XMax - XMin) * (YMax - YMin);if( Area < TinyArea) return LOD-- TINY;else if( Area < SmallArea) return LOD-- SMALL;else if( Area < MediumArea ) return LOD-- MEDIUM;else return LOD-- LARGE;}/* Render a graphic to the screen. *//* Note that graphics have, among other things, * the following fields: * struct Graphic { * float BBox 6!; * int LodBits; * PrimitiveList LargeVersion; * PrimitiveList MediumVersion; * PrimitiveList Smallversion; * PrimitiveList TinyVersion; * }; * * where a PrimitiveList is, for example, an OpenGL * or Starbase display list. */void DisplayGraphic( struct Graphic *Gfx, float Mat 4! 4!){intActualLOD;/* Figure out what resolution to draw */ActualLOD SelectLOD = SelectLOD( Gfx->BBox, Mat );/* See if we can draw this one... */if( Gfx->LodBits & LOD-- AUTOMATIC) {/* This graphic has automatically generated LODs */switch( ActualLOD ) {case LOD-- TINY: RenderGraphic( Gfx->TinyVersion ); break;caseLOD-- SMALL: RenderGraphic( Gfx->SmallVersion ); break;case LOD-- MEDIUM: RenderGraphic( Gfx->MediumVersion ); break;case LOD-- LARGE: RenderGraphic( Gfx->LargeVersion ); break;}}else if( Gfx->LodBits & ActualLOD) {/* This graphic is to be displayed at the computed* level-of-detailRenderGraphic( Gfx->LargeVersion );}}______________________________________
Referring to FIG. 11, the next step, also conducted by the client 14, is called Bounding. In Bounding, there is a volume based trivial reject of graphics. In order to accomplish Bounding, the transformed bounding volume used in Level-of-Detail Culling is reused here. As illustrated in FIG. 11, the view frustum 66 is bound by six planes, a bottom 68, a left side 70, a right side 72, a front 74, and a back 76, and a top side 78.
The sides of the transformed view volume 80 are defined by eight vertices 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, as shown. If each of the vertices 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96 of the transformed view volume 80 lie outside any of the six bounding planes 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78 of the view frustum 66, then the graphic is culled. In determining whether any of the vertices 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, lies within the view frustum 66, each of the planes 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78 of the view frustum 66 is considered in turn. Again, the grouping construct can eliminate large numbers of primitives with a single check.
In considering the transformed view volume 80, shown in FIG. 11, it can readily be determined that all eight of its vertices lie to the right of the right side 72 of the view frustum 66. Therefore, the graphic defined within the view volume 80 is not visible, so it is culled.
At this point, the remaining (unpruned and unculled) graphics are converted to primitives, and they are rendered by the client 14. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the graphics are preferably rendered through a graphics API, such as Hewlett-Packard's Starbase or OpenGL. The graphics API performs the final two levels of pruning/culling--namely, backface culling and view clipping. As these later two levels are part of the graphics API, those skilled in the art will recognize how they operate.
As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the order of the Level-of Detail Culling and Bounding steps may be swapped without affecting greatly the performance of the present inventive method.
As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, alternative methods for View-Cone Elimination and Obscured Object Rejection can be used. Thus, while a method for using spheres to do View Cone Elimination and Obscured Object Rejection was described, any convex polyhedron could also be used without departing from the current invention. Thus, by way of example, using a bounding box.
______________________________________struct Object {float BBox 6!; /* XYZ minimax ofobject Gtx */float OpaqueBBox 6!; /* XYZ minimax of opaque area */float XformedBox 8*3!; /* 8 transformed vertices of object */float XformedOpaque 8*3!; /* 8 " " of opaque bbox *//* More stuff object hierarchy, etc. */};/* The XformedBox and XformedOpaque arrays are created * exactly like the BBox-to-verts calculation in SelectLOD, * above.*/______________________________________
As illustrated, View Cone Elimination becomes View Frustum Elimination. Again, just like for graphics (on the client side), the transformed vertices of the bounding box are used to determine whether they all lie on the outside of one of the six planes of the view frustum. This is easily done with a simple plane test, as is well known to those skilled in the computer graphics art.
In order to perform Obscured Object Rejection, in pseudocode, one can perform the following procedure:
______________________________________for( i = 0; i < NumObjs; i++ ) {Obj = SortedObjs i!;ObjDir = Obj->Pos - EyePos;Rejected = FALSE;for( Other = FIRST-- POSSIBLE-- OBSCURER(ObjDir); Other; Other = NEXT-- POSSIBLE-- OBSCURER(ObjDir){AllObscured = TRUE;for( n = 0; AllObscured && (n < 8); n++ ) { To 0!= Obj->XformedBox 3*n!; To 1!= Obj->XformedBox 3*n+1!; To 2!= Obj->XformedBox 3*n+2!; if( NOT RayBoxIntersect( Eye, To, Other->XformedOpaque ) ) { AllObscured = FALSE; }}if( AllObscured) { Rejected = TRUE; break; /* From obscure-loop */}}if( |Rejected) {SendObjToClient( Obj );AddObjToQuadtree( Obj );}}______________________________________
As described above, the opaque area and the bounding volume can be an arbitrary convex polyhedron. In the general case this is accomplished by substituting the number of vertices for "8" in the inner loop, and substituting a RayPolyhedronlntersect call for RayBoxintersect. Of course, with sufficiently complex polyhedra, more time then needed could be used by the server 12 doing obscuration testing. Accordingly, in practice, a bounding box is efficient and sufficient.
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|Method and mechanism for delivering applications over a wan
|Apr 2, 2001
|Oct 3, 2002
|Rich L. Scott
|Method and apparatus for efficiently reflecting complex systems of objects in XML documents
|Oct 3, 2001
|Apr 3, 2003
|Smith Randall B.
|Stationary semantic zooming
|Oct 3, 2001
|Apr 3, 2003
|Henry Sowizral
|Managing scene graph memory using data staging
|Dec 20, 2002
|Nov 27, 2003
|Accenture Llp
|System and method for translating to and from hierarchical information systems
|Sep 15, 2006
|Jan 11, 2007
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Stationary semantic zooming
|Nov 1, 2005
|May 3, 2007
|Peter Sorotokin
|Virtual view tree
|Sep 16, 2011
|Mar 22, 2012
|Makarand Dharmapurikar
|Method and mechanism for delivering applications over a wan
|Jan 11, 2013
|Aug 15, 2013
|Ciinow, Inc.
|Data center architecture for remote graphics rendering
|Oct 3, 2002
|Apr 16, 2003
|Sun Microsystems Inc.
|Method and apparatus for scene graphs
|Nov 1, 2006
|May 2, 2007
|Adobe Systems Incorporated
|Virtual view tree
|Dec 29, 2000
|Jul 19, 2001
|Accenture Llp
|System and method for translating to and from hierarchical information systems
|Nov 29, 2001
|Jun 6, 2002
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Multiple processor visibility search system and method
|Nov 29, 2001
|Feb 13, 2003
|Sun Microsystems Inc
|Multiple processor visibility search system and method
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 30, 1996
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CUNNIFF, ROSS;REEL/FRAME:008158/0615
Effective date: 19960529
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Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, COLORADO
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:011523/0469
Effective date: 19980520
|Jan 21, 2003
|Certificate of correction
|Feb 27, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 28, 2007
|Fee payment
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|Nov 30, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Sep 22, 2011
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:026945/0699
Effective date: 20030131


text: Music World's A Stage: Porchfest In Boston's Jamaica Plain Neighborhood By Andrea Shea • Sep 6, 2016 Copyright 2016 WBUR. To see more, visit WBUR. Meet The Woman Who's Been Pearl Jam's Sound Engineer For 24 Years By Caroline Losneck • Sep 4, 2016 Lots of people have jobs where they make their boss look good. But for over two decades, Karrie Keyes has been making sure her bosses sound good. Keyes is a sound engineer, and her bosses just happen to be Pearl Jam. "Half our fans, they know who I am because they see me come out on stage," Keyes says. "The 'microphone girl,' because I'm checking the mics." Jerry Heller, Music Mogul Who Worked With N.W.A, Dies At 75 By Bill Chappell • Sep 3, 2016 His career in the music business ranged from Elton John to Eazy-E: Jerry Heller, who co-founded Ruthless Records alongside rapper Eric Wright (better known as Eazy-E), has died, according to multiple media outlets and family members. In the recent film Straight Outta Compton, Heller was portrayed by Paul Giamatti. White House Teams With SXSW For Special 1-Day Festival By Robin Hilton • Sep 2, 2016 Back in March, both President Obama and first lady Michelle Obama spoke at the South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas. Now, inspired by the trip, the Obama administration is collaborating with SXSW to host a miniature version of the festival at the White House. First Impressions: A Guide To New Music In The New Season By Tom Huizenga • Aug 31, 2016 Interested in Steve Jobs, Georgia O'Keefe or Alice in Wonderland? They are all explored in new music in the upcoming American concert season. A Museum With Nearly 300 Brass Horns: You've Gotta See It Tuba-lieve It By NPR Staff • Aug 30, 2016 The V&E Simonetti Historic Tuba Collection in Durham, N.C., is the result of an obsession that grew one oom pah-pah at a time. Vincent Simonetti started playing tuba in high school in the 1950s – and it was love at first puff. "And I would draw it in study hall. I'd draw pictures of it. I don't know why. I just became obsessed with it," he says. Nashville's New Country Cousin By Jewly Hight • Aug 30, 2016 To older country fans, Dolly Parton and Loretta Lynn are the ultimate examples of superstars who stayed true to their humble roots. Tara Thompson, 28, happens to come from Parton's mountains and Lynn's bloodline. The younger singer, typical of her oversharing generation, translates their down-home pride into tell-all songs. 'It's Punk Rock To Be Black In America': Afropunk Festival Pushes The Movement By editor • Aug 28, 2016 When you think about punk music, you might picture some very thin, pale young guys with mohawks. But Brooklyn's Afropunk Festival is out to prove that punk is much more than that. The young Canadian rocker Sate was one of the up-and-coming acts at Afropunk, which took place Aug. 27 and 28 this year. I met her right before she hit the stage. She was wearing a cut-off Fishbone shirt, and she says the black punk band inspired her. The Stewards Of A Disappearing Faith — And 10,000 Songs By Susan Sharon • Aug 27, 2016 In the mid-19th century, Shakers practiced their faith in farming communities from Maine to Kentucky. Numbering 6,000 at their peak, they gave up worldly possessions, marriage and sex, instead devoting themselves to prayer and work. They also wrote songs, thousands of them — including "Simple Gifts," which endures in popular culture despite dating back to the 1840s. Rudy Van Gelder, Definitive Jazz Recording Engineer, Has Died By Felix Contreras • Aug 26, 2016 Rudy Van Gelder, an audio recording engineer who captured the sounds of many of jazz's landmark albums, died Thursday morning in his sleep. He was at his home studio in New Jersey, according to Maureen Sickler, his assistant engineer. He was 91. Pages« first ‹ previous … 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 … next › last »

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Shopclues is back again with a new awesome offer on Sunday Flea Market. As you all know that shopclues provides products at cheap price on Sunday Flea Market. But now you can make them more cheaper by Shopclues new offer. In this offer you can grab Rs.200 Cashback on Rs.200 purchase of any product from Sunday Flea Market. Not that all, There is one more great offer along with it which is that you can also get 35% cashback if you pays using your Citrus Cash Wallet.
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text:
We have updated our Urgent needs list 5/31/16
Please see the Urgent Needs Page on our website for an updated list of the items we are in need of at this time.
Please see the Urgent Needs Page on our website for an updated list of the items we are in need of at this time.
We are asking The Preemie Project Volunteers to make 500 solid red hats. 90% of the hats should be NEWBORN SIZE, 10% may be preemie size. The hats will be donated to The Iowa American Heart Association Little Hats Big Hearts Campaign
Last year the Iowa American Heart Association collected 800 hats for their first donation. The Preemie Project sent them 100 Red hats for this first year of their Little Hats Big Hearts Campaign. They would love to be able to double the number of Iowa hospitals they include in this educational campaign. We know TPP volunteers can help them out in a very big way!
WE are asking volunteers to help us collect 500 red hats for this wonderful cause! Please visit the Events Page on our website to read all about the crafting requirements for this donation
The Preemie Project is very well stocked on regular (non-holiday) hats. We are asking volunteers to pull out their PURPLE YARN!
TPP has set a goal of 500 NEWBORN SIZED PURPLE HATS for the 2016 Iowa Click for Babies Campaign! We would be thrilled to be able to present a huge number of hats to this wonderful organization. Will you help?
Please visit our EVENT PAGE for all the information on this donation.
Now get those needles clicking!!!
ATTENTION: Effective Immediately, The Preemie Project has a new mailing address. From here on, if you are mailing items, the address is
The Preemie Project
2607 Flagstone Court
Coralville, IA 52241
Volunteers that have been with us for the last 10 years will recognize this as our "old address", otherwise known as TPP Headquarters. We are giving up our Post Office box because it has gotten too difficult to get donations picked up on a regular basis.
We have not turned in our keys to the PO box yet and will not for several weeks. So, if you have sent a package there, we will get it picked up. Once we turn in a change of address all mail will be forwarded for 6 months. No worries if you accidentally send it to the wrong place.
November is National Prematurity Awareness Month. In 2010, there were 4,473 preterm births in Iowa. Unfortunately, preterm birth leaves thousands of Iowa families in crisis and needing support. In honor of National Prematurity Awareness Month, we are campaigning to raise $4,473 to support families in Iowa NICUs. Funds will be raised between November 1st and November 17 and used to purchase supplies to support our programs at rock bottom prices on Black Friday (November 29th). Click here for more information and to find out how you can donate today!
Dec 5, 2016
Winter Holiday Donation Deadline
April 1, 2017
Easter/Spring Donation
Iowa NICUs
April 1, 2017
Purple Hat Donation Deadline
Iowa Click for Babies
The Preemie Project | 2607 Flagstone Ct | Coralville, IA 52241
Copyright © 2007-2014 The Preemie Project. All rights reserved.
The Preemie Project is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt non-profit organization.
Having trouble finding something? Look at the site map
Hosting Provided by EngineHosting


text:
30-min life or biz coaching session
Help you gain a fresh perspective to gain insight into your life and/or business using a powerful archetypical coaching process called 4-Gateways. We will then use these insights to develop an action plan to help you get more of what you want! I've used this process to help clients achieve success in life, love, business and beyond!
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Mornings 8-10am MST
Reviews of Xander
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Hey Simbi community! My name is Xander and in a nutshell I'm a serial social entrepreneur by day, shaman by night. I've been passionate about personal growth and transformation since my first Tony... Robbins firewalk at age 16 and have since studied and learned many different transformative modalities. I'm fired up to offer life and business coaching using an archetypal framework called the 4-Gateways. I love helping people see the possibilities they would like to make manifest and the support the design/implemention of action plans to make it so!show moreOpen to other proposals
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text:
08-12-2002, 02:02 PM #1New Member
- Join Date
- Aug 2002
- Posts
- 1
Looking for hosting replacement with PgSQL
During development of the new version of one of our major sites, MySQL has shown its weaknesses in terms of a lack of foreign keys and referential integrity measures.
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And, of course, we need PostgreSQL support (at least five DBs).
Any suggestions?
Thanks in advance!
Dan Wright
08-16-2002, 03:11 PM #2Newbie
- Join Date
- Jan 2002
- Location
- St. Louis, MO
- Posts
- 21
I can recommend these host (I have accounts with both):
Both companies offer PostgreSQL and both use the H-Sphere control panel (Much better than Cpanel).
08-16-2002, 07:18 PM #3Web Hosting Master
- Join Date
- Dec 2001
- Location
- New Jersey
- Posts
- 1,152
Hi Dan, I happen to offer it only to special clients that have the need for it because it's required for a mission critical application of one of my clients and I have to get there athorization before I let other aaplication share the cpu.
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Key Skills : engineering manager,software design,supervisor,back office manager,front desk manager,electrical engineer,drilling engineer,medical...


text:
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August 31, 2011
STANLEY JACKSON,PETITIONER,v.WILLIAM PHILLIPS, SUPERINTENDENT, GREENHAVEN CORRECTIONAL FACILITY, RESPONDENT.
Stanley Jackson ("Jackson") filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 on September 10, 2003, challenging his conviction at trial in 1998. That petition was denied in an Opinion dated October 11, 2006 (the "Habeas Petition Opinion"), which adopted the report and recommendation issued on April 11, 2006 by Magistrate Judge Ellis (the "Report"). Jackson v. Phillips, No. 03 Civ. 6987(DLC), 2006 WL 2930202 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 11, 2006). On October 30, 2006, Jackson filed a notice of appeal of the Habeas Petition Opinion. His motion for a certificate of appealability and in forma pauperis status was denied on May 30 2007, and the mandate issued on October 4, 2007.
Jackson filed a motion for reconsideration pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) on March 17, 2008, that was denied on March 27, 2008 because it challenged his conviction, not his federal habeas proceeding. Jackson v. Phillips, No. 03 Civ. 6987 (DLC), 2008 WL 821831 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 27, 2008). He filed another motion for reconsideration pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) on October 19, 2009. This motion challenged both his underlying conviction and the federal habeas proceeding, but did not identify which legal precedent the Court misapplied or which facts the Court did not apprehend. It was therefore denied on November 4, 2009. Jackson v. Phillips, No. 03 Civ. 6987(DLC), 2009 WL 3644033 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 4, 2009).
On November 19, 2009, Jackson filed a motion for reconsideration of this Court's November 4, 2009 Opinion pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e). This motion was denied on January 19, 2010 as it failed to identify any error of law or facts that were overlooked. Jackson v. Phillips, No. 03 Civ. 6987(DLC), 2010 WL 286645 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 19, 2010).
On June 29, 2011, this Court's Pro Se Office received from Jackson a motion for reconsideration pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) attacking the Court's Habeas Petition Opinion. Jackson argues that the Court did not follow Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519 (1972), which found that "the allegations of [a] pro se complaint" should be "h[e]ld to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers." Id. at 520. He also argues that this failure to read his petition liberally resulted in an abuse of discretion when his petition was denied without holding an evidentiary hearing.
Rule 60(b) permits a court to relieve a party from judgment upon a showing of:
(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect;
(2) newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b);
(3) fraud (whether previously called intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing party;
(4) the judgment is void;
(5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged; it is based on an earlier judgment that has been reversed or vacated; or applying it prospectively is no longer equitable; or
(6) any other reason that justifies relief.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b). "A motion under Rule 60(b) must be made within a reasonable time -- and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) no more than a year after the entry of the judgment or order or the date of the proceeding." Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(c). The Southern District of New York's Local Civil Rule 6.3 requires that any motion for reconsideration "be served within fourteen (14) days after the entry of the Court's determination of the original motion, or . . . after the entry of the judgment." S.D.N.Y. Local Civ. R. 6.3.
Jackson's motion must be dismissed as untimely. The June 29 motion was filed more than four years after the decision it seeks to challenge. It is therefore untimely pursuant to either S.D.N.Y. Local Civ. R. 6.3 or Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(c). Even if Jackson's motion were being made pursuant to the "any other reason" provision of Rule 60(b)(6), his delay of more than four years after the Habeas Petition Opinion was issued and more than three years after the mandate was issued by the Second Circuit restoring jurisdiction to this court does not allow for a finding that he filed this motion within a "reasonable time" under Rule 60(c).
Furthermore, the motion should be dismissed as it lacks merit. "[A] Rule 60(b) motion that attacks the integrity of a previous habeas proceeding, but is nevertheless without merit, should simply be denied." Harris v. United States, 367 F.3d 74, 82 (2d Cir. 2004). A motion for relief from judgment pursuant to Rule 60(b) is "generally not favored and is properly granted only on a showing of exceptional circumstances." United States v. Int'l Bhd. of Teamsters, 247 F.3d 370, 391 (2d Cir. 2001). "The standard for granting such a motion is strict, and reconsideration will generally be denied unless the moving party can point to controlling decisions or data that the court overlooked." Shrader v. CSX Transp., Inc., 70 F.3d 255, 257 (2d Cir. 1995).
Although Jackson claims that the Habeas Petition Opinion failed to read his petition liberally, as required by Haines, he fails to identify any fact that should have been identified or any valid claim that should have been read into his petition. Rather, Jackson contends that he was entitled to an evidentiary hearing since "[t]he state court did not obtain primary, subject matter over the person of the defendant jurisdiction." He cites 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(4) (1966), which, prior to a substantial amendment in 1996, required an evidentiary proceeding when a petitioner had established that "the State court lacked jurisdiction of the subject matter or over the person of the applicant in the State court proceeding." Since 1996, the relevant provision governing the need to hold an evidentiary hearing regarding a § 2254 petition is § 2254(e)(2):
If the applicant has failed to develop the factual basis of a claim in State court proceedings, the court shall not hold an evidentiary hearing on the claim unless the applicant shows that--
(A) the claim relies on--
(i) a new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on collateral review by the Supreme Court, that was previously unavailable; or
(ii) a factual predicate that could not have been previously discovered through the exercise of due diligence; and
(B) the facts underlying the claim would be sufficient to establish by clear and convincing evidence that but for constitutional error, no reasonable factfinder would have found the applicant guilty of the underlying offense.
28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(2) (1996). This amendment limited the circumstances under which an evidentiary hearing is necessary.
28 U.S.C. § 2254, senate revision notes (citing S. Rep. No. 1559, amend. 47).
Jackson has failed to establish any ground justifying reconsideration. Jackson's motion does not identify factual or legal arguments actually argued in his petition overlooked by the Court, which would permit reconsideration of the Habeas Petition Opinion. But insofar as the argument that Jackson made in his petition that his arrest was unlawfully made by police officers acting outside their jurisdiction could be construed as a challenge to the state court's jurisdiction, this argument was determined to be without merit. Jackson v. Phillips, 2006 WL 2930202, at *5. Under § 2254, either before or after its amendment in 1996, Jackson would not be entitled to an evidentiary hearing.
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Ticket Package for Taste of Pinellas
Albert Whitted Park • St. Petersburg, FL
Use between Monday, April 14 – Saturday, May 10
What you get
- Single General Admission Ticket
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Companies bring in professional designers to develop unique and contemporary office dresses.
China manufacturers of corporate dresses are strengthening R&D capability to boost sales of in-house models.
|This polyester dress from Excellent has a silk-screened pattern and a bowknot-trimmed red belt.
An increasing number of businesses have been hiring specialists from France, Italy and Japan, which are well-known fashion trendsetters. The foreign staff members are expected to share current apparel directions with local employees and help create outfits that will suit the markets' tastes.
In addition, product development teams gather information from clothing magazines and the Internet. Several companies also send their personnel to attend runway and trade shows.
To make office dresses more unique, suppliers are combining Western and Oriental elements in their releases. Some of the latest pieces incorporate Chinese collars or V-necks with frog closures. Traditional local patterns are being adopted as well.
Businesses are also turning out designs that simulate a blouse and skirt ensemble. The product may have a solid-colored top and a patterned bottom or the other way around. A belt is typically included to complete the attire.
Locally manufactured corporate dresses often come in pure or blended polyester or cotton. Silk and linen can also be employed. At present, the majority of factories favor synthetic textiles because these boast a similar look and texture as natural variants but are less expensive.
The use of chiffon is gaining ground as the material lends an elegant, luxurious look to the garment. Further, the fabric's meshlike weave provides good air circulation.
Most office dresses from China come in a sheath or shift construction with a round or V-neckline and polyester lining. Sleeveless, and short- and long-sleeved versions are available.
The hem usually falls at midthigh or reaches the knees. A button or zipper closure may be placed in front, or at the side or back. Many recent styles, however, are already stretchable and no longer require fasteners.
Black, gray, navy blue and other subdued shades continue to be mainstream, although companies are now adopting bright colors such as red and pink in business attire. Some products feature an allover-printed pattern.
Construction details, including darts, pleats, pin tucks and ruffles, may be incorporated for a more feminine appearance. Rhinestones, studs, ribbons, lace, embroidered motifs, and textile, synthetic leather or metal brooches boost visual appeal further.
A self-fabric, elastic, or PU or genuine leather belt complements some designs. The accessory can boast a bowknot, rivets or synthetic gems as decoration.
Prices of corporate dresses are primarily based on the materials utilized and the construction complexity. Going for $5 to $10 per piece, basic models made of pure polyester or T/C are for the low end. They come in a solid color and have very few adornments.
Pure cotton or polyester chiffon and satin are used in midrange business attire, which is between $11 and $20. The most expensive garments range from $21 to $50, and adopt silk, linen or imported polyester chiffon or satin.
Upscale office dresses highlight more intricate configurations. They may have a ruffled collar or hem, or a pleated bodice or skirt. Greater amounts of embellishment and additional accessories are also typical. Single-hued and patterned releases are available.
Note: This article "Spotlight on OBM corporate dresses drives upgrades" was originally published by Global Sources, a leading business-to-business media company and a primary facilitator of trade with China manufacturers and India suppliers, providing essential sourcing information to volume buyers through our e-magazines, trade shows and industry research.
All price quotes in this report are in US dollars unless otherwise specified. FOB prices were provided by the companies interviewed only as reference prices at the time of interview and may have changed.
Disclaimer: All product images are provided by the companies interviewed and are for reference purposes only. Those product images featuring products with trademarks, brand names or logos are not intended for sale. We, our affiliates, and our affiliates' respective directors, officers, employees, representatives, agents or contractors, do not accept and will not have any responsibility or liability for product images (or any part thereof) which infringe on any intellectual property or other rights of a third party.


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22-3251 - BNC / RCA / F Type Compression Tool
The compression multi-tool is designed to compress the ferrules of all three MCM Compression Connectors; "F", BNC, RCA.
96-245 - 51CGV Long Nose Pliers/Cutter
Serrated jaws Forged alloy steel Red plastic cushion grips 6" long
Great job, product arrived on time, communication was excellent, price was good. Overall very satisfied.


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(based on 247 reviews)
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Door seals need replacing every year.
By Carm
from Burlington, ON
Comments about KitchenAid 24.8 Cu. Ft. French Door Refrigerator - Monochromatic Stainless Steel:
Bought this fridge less than 3 years ago and have to replace the door seals for the 3rd time and Kitchen Aid is giving me a hard time this time around.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
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By Gina
from Los Gatos, CA
I bought a french door KitchenAid refrigerator less then 3 years ago and I have had to deal with a $400 repair bill. I find it unacceptable that I should have this problem on a basically new product. I will not buy a Whrilpool product again...
I had a very expensive repair to this refrigerator at only 2 1/2 years old ($415.00). The part was called the controller. The refrigerator made a very loud noise like a fan that was blocked from turning. This is unacceptable!I will not buy a Whrillpool/Kitchen Aid product again...
By Jason
from New Port Rickey Florida
Very nice functional fridge with lots of storage space. Would recommend this to anyone
This is by far the best fridge I ever owned.
By Devildog
from Crysta Falls, mi.
The storage capabilities, easy access to every thing, and my favorite is the inside water dispenser! [No mess outside, and completely drip proof inside.]
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Expected more
By Hopeful Hoosier
from DeMotte , In.
Refrigerator came new with a damaged board & a punched water line. QC needs to wake up. Customer service seemed to not really care about my plight. After low experienced service tech came out 5 times. Fridge seems to be working fine. Fingers crossed.
Lots if room
By Chip
from West Jefferson, Ohio
I bought my new Frigidaire refrigerator just over a month ago after researching many brands and models. The Frigidaire's sleek styling and trim lines have been a winner for my kitchen. There is a tremendous amount of available storage with the frudge. The only thing kerping this rating from give stars is the limited options for moving shelving to better accommodate taller items.
By Disappointed Dave
from Mount Ayr, Indiana
I purchased the above stated refrigerator in July and at first was very happy with it until 4 days later when the refrigerator part of it quit working. I called Kitchen-aid and was on hold for over an hour and never got to talk to anyone. I then called Whirlpool and the same thing. I was on hold for forever and never got to talk to anyone. I tried scheduling a service call on line and put in zip codes within a 50 mile radius and no service agents were listed. I finally did the live chat on line and they gave me a number of an agency to call for service. They came and checked the refrigerator out and had to order a part. It has been a week now and the part won't be in for another week. So now I've been without a refrigerator going on three weeks and the refrigerator is BRAND NEW. I am VERY UPSET AND DISAPPOINTED. I always thought that Kitchen-aid was top of the line brand. After this experience I will NEVER own another Kitchen-aid appliance again.
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
By Kithchen aid
from Manchester NH
The drain hose and receptor are poorly designed causing freeze-ups and bottom portion of freezer resulting in overflow of water onto the floor each time the auto defrost goes on. There should have been a recall on this defect. There is a fix-it kit which must be purchased which seems to solve the problem, at least for now.
Love our new Refrigerator & More gorgeous than picture show
By Mi D
from Blacklick, Ohio
Family Loves our new KitchenAid refrigerator! So spacious. The produce & deli drawers go back so deep, yet everything is very accessible. The only reason I didn't give 5 stars is because we haven't been able to get the filtered water dispenser to work yet. We are sure it's something simple because we know the water line is working since the ice-maker works fine. Plus my son got water from it once. Think we just need to take the time when heads are clear and meticulously follow the video instructions I found on line. If it works I will be happy to upgrade to 5 stars. Even though I think/hope the filtered water dispenser issue is an easy fix, it should not have required so many tries and so much effort from people who have owned and operated a refrigerator filtered water dispenser before for years with absolutely no difficulties.
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text: Stores Dealer Profile STANLEY STEEMER FLOORS Shaw believes in its people, products and mission. Purchasing flooring can be daunting, but we're committed to making easier for you every step of the way. Shaw creates a better future – for our customers, our people, our company and our communities. This attention to detail and extreme focus can be found in our beautiful, innovative products. Store Information GET DIRECTIONS 841 W Foothill Blvd Azusa, CA 91702-2815 626-812-5454 Flooring CarpetLaminate View all stores


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East African Palace: "Ethiopian Food" Ottawa Restaurant Tip by oceania26
Ottawa Restaurants: 248 reviews and 367 photos
This was my first crack at Ethiopian food and it was actually quite nice but there's a very distinct spice that's in all the dishes. It reminded me a lot of Indian food and call me biased but I only like one type of Indian food, Punjabi. I don't like South Indian or Singaporean Indian food because of the spices and this sort of reminded me a bit of that but not quite.
I had the combination platter which was $12.50 plus tax that had 3 different types of lentils, turnips, beef and a chicken leg on injera (cold Ethiopian bread, that looks a pancake or crepe). It's served in basket on a huge plate...actually more like a tray. They also bring more injera in case you finish the 2 big pieces they give you.
The have African decor and music. Friendly staff, pretty cheap prices as well.
A few doors down there's Horns of Africa which is pretty popular but smaller. I actually went there first but was turned off by the service. First I had to wait in the middle of a crowded room for a host or hostess but no one came, the waitress instead waved me down. When I asked for a table she turned her nose up and looked hesitant to give me a table because there was only 1 available (that seated 4) and it was only me. I wasn't too impressed with that and decided to go to this place...good thing because I couldn't chose which one to go to but this made my decision for me.
Favorite Dish: I would say get the combination dish if it's your first time. There's lots of vegetarian/vegan choices.
Address: 376 Rideau St
Price Comparison: about average
Directions: It's a good 10-15min walk from the downtown core.
Price: US$11-20
Rating: 3
Theme: African
More Reviews (12)
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Practice anabolic steroids you a man the Disagreeable Friday shopping crowds this snag Those low-priced Christmas presents appropriate deals? Favourably.
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"Experience luxury living in the heart of Dubai at Jumeirah LivingWorld Trade Centre Residence"
Exclusive w/ Centurion Real Estate Brokers
- 1 BR Simplex
- HighFloor
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Close to central financial and business districts, as well as some of the city's most notable points of interest, the best of Dubai is close at hand.
Located in the heart of historical Dubai and minutes from the city's modern financial and business district Jumeirah Living World Trade Residence is a strategic location for elevated living.Call Bobby Rabbani on +971 552000326 / 43218808 or visit www.centuriondubai.com for further details
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My hat size is a 7, but i have a large HJC right now, but i could do with it being a
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The stock of TORC OIL AND GAS LTD (TSE:TOG) is a huge mover today! About 375,972 shares traded hands. TORC OIL AND GAS LTD (TSE:TOG) has risen 17.02% since March 10, 2016 and is uptrending. It has outperformed by 11.41% the S&P500.
The move comes after 6 months negative chart setup for the $1.52B company. It was reported on Oct, 17 by Barchart.com. We have $7.58 PT which if reached, will make TSE:TOG worth $121.60 million less.
TORC OIL AND GAS LTD (TSE:TOG) Ratings Coverage
Out of 6 analysts covering Torc Oil & Gas (TSE:TOG), 5 rate it a "Buy", 0 "Sell", while 1 "Hold". This means 83% are positive. $12 is the highest target while $5.25 is the lowest. The $8.75 average target is 6.19% above today's ($8.24) stock price. Torc Oil & Gas has been the topic of 15 analyst reports since August 13, 2015 according to StockzIntelligence Inc. On Friday, August 19 the stock rating was maintained by TD Securities with "Buy". The company was maintained on Tuesday, December 15 by RBC Capital Markets.
More recent TORC OIL AND GAS LTD (TSE:TOG) news were published by: Stockhouse.com which released: "TORC Oil & Gas Ltd. Confirms Monthly Dividend for October 2016" on October 14, 2016. Also Business.Financialpost.com published the news titled: "TORC Oil & Gas Ltd leads Canadian energy stock rebound" on April 15, 2015. Finance.Yahoo.com's news article titled: "TORC Oil & Gas Ltd. Confirms Monthly Dividend for September 2016" with publication date: September 15, 2016 was also an interesting one.
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