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Farmerama Online Game - Cheats, Cracks, Tricks, Codes
Many of you would have already spent hours scrolling your way through the internet in hope of finding some fantastic Farmerama cheats, cracks or codes. If you are one these people then you will have already realised that cheats for this game are extremely hard to come by. This page will share with you the tricks, tips and cheats that are out there and are already being used by thousands of players throughout the world.
Firstly, for those who are not familiar with Farmerama, a brief introduction to the game. Farmerama is a relatively new and exciting online farming game that is a competitive alternative to the extremely popular Farmville game that is widely played via Facebook by people throughout the world. The idea of the game is simple - to farm and to prosper. There is herds of competition and obtaining gold coins and experience is the way to success. Coins allow you to invest in more machinery and land, from which you can then make a bigger profit when you reach the markets. It is similar to real life farming in the sense that you are playing for survival, and you are trying to make as much money as possible. The only difference is that you can play from the beauty of your laptop, and enjoy the sensual rewards without experiencing the real hard labour! Nevertheless, Farmerama will keep you extremely occupied and competing for long lengths of time. However it is always good to find a little something to put you in the right direction and this is what I intend to share with you on this page.
Farmerama Cheats, Cracks, Tips and Codes.
200 Barnyard Bills Cheat Code.
Whilst in game play you should try holding Enter, Shift and Ctrl together at the same time. A secret screen should then appear! The screen will not always show so you should try this at different levels. When the screen appears enter the following code -
Effect: xprokop1234 2000 barnyard bills
Farmerama Coins Cheat.
This cheat can be found on farmeramacheats.blogspot.com. There are downloads involved which have not been tested but there is a video which will show you how to operate the cheat.
Gain Experience Points Quickly.
Don't waste your time growing crops, trees and animals that will not gain you very many experience points. The highest earners for each category are listed below. You should focus your energy into producing the following because this will build your experience points at a far quicker rate than wasting time growing things that will not!
- Crops = Lettuce
- Trees = Bananas
- Animals = Chicken and Turkeys
Don't Bother Hacking.
Hackers ruin games and spoil the fun for everyone. Remember it is against the law and you can be prosecuted.
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More Games, More Cheats....
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Introduction to Grepolis Grepolis is a relatively new online game that allows you to build tribes and alliances in order to battle with other tribes that belong to opposition from around the world. Grepolis...
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Comments 59 comments
hi if you take one good account that may be high in level or in cash and you open another tab with another account that may be poor and you play for about 10-30 min the poor account will turn into the good account try it,it worked for me good luck
The best game ever is (Farmerama)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
farmarama is the best game by far and is by far way more fun and easy to get used to the controls.
do you know a code if you know please,tell me
I know a code the code is sorryfarmerama
The best game ever is (Farmerama)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
quelqu'un na pas des codes pour farmerama???
un cod pentru gologani va rog frumos
jeg vel have en snydekode
do you know miltos1111 code for farmerama??? pls help
3erete ton kodiko mashable?
3eretai kodikous gia bonus sto farmerama?
poios einai o kodikos gia fiorinia?
farmeramam ist de best van alles ik ben de enige die daar geen geld aan uitgeeft
Hi, I'm on level 8 and the 200 BB cheat didn't work, does anyone have an idea of what level you should be on or does it vary, if a lot of people say what level I can probably make out what level it is usually Ok Thanks xx
???? ??? ????? ??????? 73 ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? mashable,shule,farmerstars ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????
hi ti kns?
farmerama for ever!!!
Farmerama is fun please invite hkissinger goosy14 lightfur kissinger jayfeathr hollyleaf Nataliar. Maxsumner HarleyE. BrookeL. MorganLaFey, or OberonS. to be your friend
me ton kodiko farmerstars mporoume na paroume 12 asterakia kai farmerama 4ever
i am on level 34 an i tried the code for 200bb but the screen didn't come up!!! does the code really exist??
as vrea un cod pentru gologani si pentru mamudele
there is no such CHEATS for BB. dont be fools :)
farmerama is de bom en speel het nog niet zo lang maar ben wel sen een level omhoog
je connais des code mais je les garde pour moi je suis niveau 15 et je voudrai des amis
mon pseudo: ennrick
farmerama is the best
the best thing that i have ever played is farmarama
farmarama the best forever
farmarama is great
farmarama is great
(award)its a very dood code
can i have sum codes
no codes
Im not geting 200 BB cheat dosnt work. all it does is showing my crops and open the map anyone know wy pl help only have 1 xxl apple tree{with bought BB}
bb cheat doasn't work
farmerma is the best game farms on the internet.Im in 47 leven and i love very much farmerama
hi 200bb cheat major failure on lvl 13 and tried on every level :( ive tried lots of codes and u can try vivalefrance while the french thingy is on. i also found a really helpful website: http://en.board.topkani.fi/farmerama/showthread.ph... from smarteypants (my farmerama username)
Want to sell farmerama acc lvl 76, and bahamarama 17 only 200 euros my email is email@example.com
kata tin gnomi mou o kalyteros code einai o award.
the best of all
you stupid
balte plese perisoterous codikous!!!den andexoume allo!!!!!!!!!
malakies lene oloi gia tous kodikous!!Den mporo allo!!!!!!!
For Bonus Codes check this site http://farmeramageek.blogspot.com/
h kodikou pianoun aplos eseis den 3erete
http://farmerama.pthc.cz money hack
plzzzzzzz coud u give me hacks that work and uve tried
http://farmerama.pthc.cz the best money hack ever.
hey you should look up to me and I Farmerama hot-rinaldo123
You can find FREE Bonus Codes here http://farmeramageek.blogspot.com/p/bonus-codes.ht...
how to win money and good things to me
farmerama is the best game ever!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
i love farmerama
εγω ειμαι hacker και ξερω πως ολοι ειστε ηλιθιοι
sms:mopay 8237
100000 gold real I can get 10000 gold this is a real hack and the sms is net:3€


text:
Specialist Property search agent finding property for you in Cheltenham, The Cotswolds and Gloucestershire. Finding the perfect home for you
Whether you just don't have the time or don't know the local property values or you are concerned that you may lose out to local buyers.
Relocating to Gloucestershire, The Cotswold , Cheltenham and need a house, bungalow, flat, apartment.

subset: commoncrawl


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Suitable for Walls and Floors
A collection of natural-effect porcelain tiles in a large format, available in both a natural (matt) and a polished (shiny) finish.
If you like the effect of this polished porcelain then you should take a look at our Lounge Tile Collection, it offers several colour options in both matt and polished finishes in varied sizing, alternatively please browse our Black and White Polished Porcelain Tile Collection.
Please note we recommend that samples are ordered to view the true beauty of the products in this range, discounted samples from our current stocks are despatched promptly without a posting and packing charge.
GRADE 5 - For floors subject to very heavy traffic.


text:
Translation of "bracket" - English-Turkish dictionary
(Translation of "bracket noun" from the Cambridge Learner's Dictionary English-Turkish © Cambridge University Press)
Get a quick, free translation!
Create and share your own word lists and quizzes for free!
More translations of "bracket" in Turkish
Word of the Day
a small, usually wooden, shelter for a dog to sleep in outside


text:
NorthStar Scientific are UK suppliers for the following product ranges. We supply the full range of products shown on these web pages, as well as consumables and spare parts to support them. We offer full service facilities including preventative maintenance, calibration and validation, and comprehensive breakdown cover.
Click on the images to visit the product pages of your choice.
If the information you require cannot be found on these pages, or the data sheets that are available for download on many of these products, please Contact Us for more details.
|Uvikon UV-visible Spectrophotometers and Accessories
|Microplate Readers, Washers, Liquid Handling, Automation, Accessories and software from leading manufacturer BioTek Instruments.
|Bio-C Clinical Diagnostics solutions for Clinical Chemistry laboratories.
©2015 - NorthStar Scientific Limited - www.nstaruk.com


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Pickled Onions
Total Time
Prep 24 hrs
Cook 0 mins
If you are an onion lover, then this is a must-try! This recipe makes a huge amount, and is great for a get together.. wonderful served with roast beef sandwiches! Plan ahead, this has to marinate for 24 hours or overnight. This is delicious, and gets even better with age LOL!...you will love this!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 4 large onions, sliced (extra-large)
- 1 1⁄2 cups white vinegar
- 1 1⁄2 cups water
- 1 cup white sugar
- 1⁄4 cup fresh lemon juice
- 1⁄4 teaspoon Tabasco sauce
- 1 teaspoon salt (or to taste)
- pepper (optional)
- 2 -3 minced fresh garlic cloves
- 1 cup sour cream (low-fat is okay)
- 1 teaspoon celery seed
- In a bowl, combine all ingredients EXCEPT the sour cream and celery seeds; mix well to combine.
- Cover, and refrigerate overnight.
- The next day: drain well, and stir in the sour cream and celery seeds; mix well to combine.
- Serve in a bowl.
- Delicious!
Most Helpful
okay another winner Kit this is perfect flavor I may give it a go with other vegetables so delicious, thank you Kit I didn't use the celery seed


text:
The Akrapovič's Slip-On Line - Really Better
But there's nothing 'typical' about Akrapovič's Slip-On Line. In fact, the dual carbon-fiber mufflers developed for the 2011 and 2012 Triumph Speed Triple and its even racier brother, the Triumph Speed Triple R, are said to boost both horsepower (5.5 hp @ 8,650rpm) and torque using stock fuel-injection mapping.
Plus, they weigh nearly 4.5 kilograms less than the Triumph stock exhaust system. A 2-into-1 stainless-steel link pipe and retaining spring, carbon fiber mounting brackets and a header clamp are included. More information see Cheap Cycling Parts Akrapovic Slip-On


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Flights to Portland from Cairo
Flights to Portland from Cairo
Flights Cairo - Portland fly from Cairo to Portland at the best prices in the market. Flights from Cairo (Cairo) to Portland (Portland - Oregon) with Destinia. To search for availability and reserve your flight Cairo - Portland look at the box above and select the departure and return date as desired. You can also buy several airplane tickets Cairo (Cairo airport) - Portland (Portland - Oregon airport) at the same time, by selecting the adults, children and babies travelling. You can filter the type of flight if you only want direct flights to Cairo - Portland, multiple destinations or flight stopovers.
Cairo and Portland are 13437 kilometres away from each other, with an estimated flight time of 19:12 h (this may vary depending on the weather or air routes)
Airports near Portland
Portland has one airport: Portland - Oregon (PDX), located 10 km away from the city centre. The hotels in Portland closest to its airport are:
- Super 8 Portland Airport (PDX) from €38€
- Sheraton Portland Airport Hotel (PDX) from €55€
All Portland airports
Flights to Portland
Flights to Portland (United States) most sought after by users, in the following chart we show the flights from some important cities to Portland (United States) .
Top destinations in United States
Book your flights now from Portland (United States) to the most important cities in the world. The box below contains flights from Portland (United States) to the most important cities.
- Flights to Baton Rouge
- Flights to Natchitoches
- Flights to Lafayette
- Flights to Tacoma
- Flights to Owensboro
- Flights to Hibbing
- Flights to Goodland
- Flights to Topeka
- Flights to Chicago
- Flights to Fergus Falls
- Flights to Kapolei - Oahu Island
- Flights to Manhattan
- Flights to Detroit
- Flights to New York
- Flights to Cumberland
- Flights to Boston
- Flights to Salisbury
- Flights to Hays
- Flights to Wichita
- Flights to Provincetown


text:
For sale by George 8 Sep 7:53 pmAwoshie, Accra
Cisco networking systems....
*High-Performance IP Routing
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This is ideal for training schools and small businesses...
call in for a cool deal..... more in stock....
Stay safe!
Watch out for:


text:
Amaryl 2mg 30 tablets
Product of Canada
Manufactured by: Sanofi Aventis
This product is offered for sale by Canada Drugs LP of Canada
This product is currently on back order.
MAY BE SPLIT May be split and taken at half the dose listed.
Amaryl and/or Equivalents warnings, side-effects and general information


text:
When 4ZZZ's original space was being built by hand under the Schonell Theatre at Queensland University, a baby grand piano from the theatre above was bricked in to Studio 3. We don't know how they got it out...
60,000 Spanish residents indoors, after chemical explosion
More than 60,000 residents in north-eastern Spain have been told to stay indoors after an explosion at a chemical warehouse sent a dense orange cloud into the sky that hovered over the area for hours.
As the cloud settled over of six districts in central Catalonia, Spain's emergency services told residents to close their windows and seal off any means of ventilation saying "this is not a game, don't put yourself in danger to take pictures of the cloud outside."
Initial reports had described the cloud as toxic, but Ramon Espadaler (Es-pa-dala) of Catalonia's interior ministry later told reporters that the chemicals were simply irritants. "Most likely it will cause itchy eyes and a runny nose, but no choking sensation."


text:
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With schoolchildren, local governmental leaders and the archbishop all participating, St. James School plans a gala groundbreaking today for its $10.5 million school building.
The primary and middle schools, now divided by Poplar Drive, will unite in what is the first building on the parish's 50-acre site on RobinBrooke Boulevard.
Eliminating the need for students to cross the street daily "was one of the big selling points in our capital campaign," the Rev. Chuck Walker said.
"The nation which forgets its defenders will itself be forgotten"- Calvin Coolidge
The words intoned by President Calvin Coolidge were fully embraced at Fort Knox last week, emblazoned on the newly opened Cadet Park adjacent to Brooks Field.
For those who like their rock southern dipped and deep fried, Friday night's concert to kick off the Heartland Music Festival may have been considered a feast.
Country rock veterans The Kentucky HeadHunters brought a legion of followers with them and reunited with some old friends in southern rockers Black Oak Arkansas, headed up by charismatic front man Jim "Dandy" Mangrum. The two groups buffeted Freeman Lake Park for hours as the weather stayed warm minus the crushing humidity that drifted into the region earlier in the week.
For all the new high school graduates and for any other Kentuckian who wants to play along, here's a quiz.
Take a blank map of Kentucky with the county outlines. We've provided a copy for you here.
Now, spend 30 minutes writing the county names in the 120 blank spaces.
In the meantime, I'll talk about the lost art of memorization.
As we emphasize the value of understanding and applying knowledge, sometimes the value of learning by rote has been de-emphasized.
Today, Kentucky police officers may arrest for misdemeanors such as possession of marijuana or disorderly conduct. Beginning Wednesday, police may only cite some misdemeanors rather than arrest.
Gov. Steve Beshear signed House Bill 463 into law March 3. The bill is designed to decrease prison population, incarceration costs and recidivism. Section 46 of the bill covers arrestable offenses and makes significant changes to what misdemeanor offenses local law enforcement can and cannot arrest for.
To donate to the American Red Cross, go to www.redcross.org
TOPIC: American Red Cross
OUR VIEW: Time to help here at home
In Alabama, a wave of tornadoes ripped through town after town, scattering everything in their path.
Along the Mississippi River, heavy and relentless downpours left the river swollen and unable to handle the massive amount of rainfall, sending overflowing water into towns.
In Joplin, Mo., building after building was shredded by a devastating tornado, leveling homes, businesses and schools.
Elizabethtown native Matthew Willis grew up in the shadow of the Heartland Festival, and he has the scars to prove it, pointing to a permanent reminder he received on his leg from a jump off some bleachers just yards from where he stood Saturday.
The young father attended the latest installment of the festival, now known as the Heartland Music Festival, with five children and his girlfriend by his side. One son tugged on his arm hoping to play games and take home a prize.
Andrea Sherrard, 735-7544
WARMER DAYS. Last weekend was very warm with temperatures reaching in the 90s. Many farmers are cutting hay and getting it ready to bale. Thankfully the heavy rains have subsided.
COMMUNITY YARD SALE. A yard sale will be held June 18 at the Howevalley Vertrees Community Club building. Booth set ups will cost $10. For information, call 734-1539. Proceeds go back into the club to fund special needs of the community. Everyone is welcome.
White Mills
Kathleen Booker, 862-4922
Gail Pike, 737-2973
BIRTHDAYS. This week's birthdays include: Matthew Dockery, Ashley Jones, Miles Godwin, Jim Reed, Trent Miller, Paul Crutcher, Pam Sheroan, Colleen Hubble, Cooper Crutcher, Manuela Carter, Lydia Shaw, Ed Cecil, Brian Froedge, Kaitlyn Perry, Kim Johns, Mattie Pike, Elizabeth Hogue, Kassidy Jent, Alyson Cecil, Darlene Basham, Keith Reesor, Madison Colasanti, David E. Thomas Sr., Beth Greenwell, Chelsea VanderMolen and Debbye Blair.
Copyright © 2016
The News-Enterprise is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Elizabethtown, KY, Hardin County and the surrounding area.


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When you're battling for a position with another player in the squad or simply not that good most of the time, you're going to get subbed quite often. More →
Eugenie Bouchard isn't the best Tennis player in the world (currently ranked 51, at her best was number 5), but in our opinion she is the most beautiful one. So … More →


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Soul Nights
RHYL NAVAL CLUB NORTHERN SOUL NIGHT Details
NORTHERN SOUL / MOTOWN NIGHT AT THE RHYL NAVAL CLUB ON FRIdAY THE !2TH OF MARCH , GREAT MUSIC ACROSS THE BOARD AND GUARENTEED TOP CLASS OLDIES WITH DJS MIKE STOKO . DAVE CAWLEY
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- Conference date: 19−23 Sep 1994
- Location: Cancun (Mexico)
The use of well defined γ‐Al2O3 thin films enables the use of the surface sensitive ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) for an absolute determination of the work function Φ. Thereby, the changes in the surface potential V s and dipole moment χ are determined also. We find these values to change characteristic upon variation of annealing temperature and after chemical modification by Mo, and Mo‐ Ni, impregnation of the γ‐Al2O3 substrate. From variations of the surface potential of these films, we determine the amount and influence of Al and oxygen vacancies at the surface. We find that the mobility is blocked by the Mo modification, but is enhanced by the Ni modification. The corresponding dipole contributions are explained by relative displacements of surface OH groups.
Probing Inflation with CMB PolarizationDaniel Baumann, Mark G. Jackson, Peter Adshead, Alexandre Amblard, Amjad Ashoorioon, Nicola Bartolo, Rachel Bean, Maria Beltrán, Francesco de Bernardis, Simeon Bird, Xingang Chen, Daniel J. H. Chung, Loris Colombo, Asantha Cooray, Paolo Creminelli, Scott Dodelson, Joanna Dunkley, Cora Dvorkin, Richard Easther, Fabio Finelli, Raphael Flauger, Mark P. Hertzberg, Katherine Jones‐Smith, Shamit Kachru, Kenji Kadota, Justin Khoury, William H. Kinney, Eiichiro Komatsu, Lawrence M. Krauss, Julien Lesgourgues, Andrew Liddle, Michele Liguori, Eugene Lim, Andrei Linde, Sabino Matarrese, Harsh Mathur, Liam McAllister, Alessandro Melchiorri, Alberto Nicolis, Luca Pagano, Hiranya V. Peiris, Marco Peloso, Levon Pogosian, Elena Pierpaoli, Antonio Riotto, Uroš Seljak, Leonardo Senatore, Sarah Shandera, Eva Silverstein, Tristan Smith, Pascal Vaudrevange, Licia Verde, Ben Wandelt, David Wands, Scott Watson, Mark Wyman, Amit Yadav, Wessel Valkenburg and Matias Zaldarriaga
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Home | History | Rooms
& Rates | Seventy-four
Ranch | Contact
The Butler-Cape House is a Civil
War era farmhouse constructed in 1866 on land that was once part
of the Cherokee nation. The beautiful landscape will take
your breath away. The estate is nestled on rolling acres
of pasture in the North Georgia mountains. It is furnished
with antiques brought in from all corners of the globe. All
the floors, walls and ceilings are original construction.
While you sit back to relax and take in the great views, your hosts
will take you on a trip back in time.
Come join us ... for a day, weekend,
or longer. Packages are available tailored to suit every need.
The Butler-Cape
House and Seventy-four Ranch is the most unique bed
and breakfast in North Georgia featuring the Old West
ranch experience in wide open spaces for families, children,
and couples to enjoy with genuine cowboys, trail rides,
cookouts, campfires, boating, fishing, cattle, baby
animals and much more in an authentic historic setting
filled with beautiful antiques. Please contact
us with any questions. We'd love to have you!
Home | History | Rooms
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©2006-2016 Welcome Home Ranch. All Rights
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For a limited time, get your first month on KidPass at 50% offGet your first month on KidPass at 50% off
TV Tots - Non-Reader On-Camera Sundays
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text:
Pter Nyklas
this wiki
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Pter Nyklas was a Human male officer who served in the Imperial Navy.
In 5 BBY, Nyklas was overseeing a construction project on the Imperial Hall of Heroes. He was also responsible for the purchase of the Wookiee slaves used to build the new wing.
During an exchange with the Trandoshan slavers that supplied the slaves, Nyklas discovered that Ssoh's starship had been disabled. Nyklas ordered his TIE/LN starfighters under the command of Lieutenant Han Solo to destroy the ship, but Solo belayed the strike order when he discovered the Wookiees onboard. Nyklas ordered Solo and his pilots to kill the survivors, but instead Solo delivered the leader of the revolt, a Wookiee named Chewbacca. Infuriated, Nyklas ostensibly removed Solo's flying privileges.
Returning to Coruscant, Nyklas whipped Chewbacca regularly, regardless of his performance. When Chewbacca rose up in anger against Nyklas, the Imperial commander drew his blaster and was only stopped from shooting the Wookiee by Solo. As the pair fled, Nyklas filed Solo's dishonorable discharge papers and swore revenge on them. However, Nyklas never obtained a chance as Solo and Chewbacca contributed to the downfall of the Galactic Empire Nyklas served.
Nyklas was described as being the stereotypical cruel Imperial. He was a believer in High Human Culture and saw the bridge of an Imperial Star Destroyer as a license to kill. His ship, the Flanchard, frequently handled slaving runs, a duty that Nyklas loved even though most other ship captains loathed it.
- The Hutt Gambit (First mentioned)
- Scoundrels (Mentioned only)
- Star Wars Journal: Hero for Hire (Indirect mention only)
- Chewbacca 2 (First appearance) (Appears in flashback(s))
- The Official Star Wars Fact File 17 (SOL2, Han Solo)
- The New Essential Guide to Characters
- Star Wars: The Comics Companion
- The Essential Guide to Warfare (First identified as Pter)
- "Star Wars: Revenge of the Quiz"—Star Wars Insider 148
- "Han Solo: Smuggler, Scoundrel and Reluctant Rebel!"—Star Wars Magazine 3 (Indirect mention only)


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The new corolla with its pros and cons. Few people dont like to keep the stock tires (Euro) and change them right away.
If one doesnt want to keep 195/65 R15 and go towards R16. What would be the best option fuel and road grip wise both?
Who is the best tire dealer in karachi?
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Author Topic: Why do you find dragons in both Europe and China? (Read 18058 times)
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The Style Gallery is a great new way for you to view, love, and share outfit photos. It's meant to showcase
all the expressive, creative, and inspirational personalities of our community!
What Was Lost Has Been Lounge Pants in Black
Back Yesterday!
Adept Astrophysicist Pants
I'm Calling Your Cuff Pants in Wine
1 left!


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A wide variety of doctoral projects are available for students applying to the NDM. The projects listed below are available to applicants from a basic science or clinical background. The projects are also open to students on funded programmes (including NDM Prize Studentships, the NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Programme and other funded programmes) and to direct applicants.
|DPhil Project
|Project Supervisors
|Development of dynamic algorithms for empirical antibiotic treatment in the rural tropics (reference number 826)
|Lubell, Yoel Day, Nicholas
|Optimising Communicable Disease Surveillance in Southeast Asia (reference number 859)
|Maude, Richard
|Understanding endometriosis through large-scale genomic epidemiological approaches (reference number 638)
|Zondervan, Krina Becker, Christian


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Sad news for Dash dolls–all filming of Keeping Up With The Kardashians has been suspended indefinitely in the wake of Kim's robbery ordeal. Could the show be over for good?
"This incident is making [Kim] question everything. How she dresses, what she does," a source revealed. Apparently she's questioning her TV profession too. Or at least, the honchos at E! are. To me it seems there could be a few reasons why the family has put the filming on pause. Let's explore the theories, shall we?
- Kim is too traumatized to film. This is possible but IMO unlikely to shutter the entire franchise, even for a few weeks. There are like 40 other members of her family who are just fine and perfectly able to be on camera talking about poor Kim and hyping it up for ratings.
- E! is having some serious doubts. Ratings haven't been good and this could be the excuse the network needs to pull the plug.
- The entire season is being scrapped and reshot to center around Kim's drama.
What say you, my klever little kittens? Is this iconic reality show finally coming to an end after umpteen seasons or will they be back, bigger than ever?


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Monroe County Sheriff's Office said the crash happened shortly before 6 a.m. on Deerfield Highway, east of Bragg Road in Summerfield Township.
Officials said Jarrett E. Callahan, 18, of Deerfield, was sent to the hospital in serious condition after his 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe crossed the centerline and hit head-on a 2004 Chrysler Sebring.
The driver of the Sebring, Radley J. Wade, 25, of Tecumseh, is listed in critical condition.
His passengers, Charles E. Hopkins, 30, of Osseo, and Justin A. Smith, 19, of Lambertville, were listed stable condition.
Both drivers had been wearing their seatbelts.
Alcohol does not appear to be a factor in the crash, according to officials.
The crash remains under investigation. Anyone with information is asked to call 734-240-7493.


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Beta This is new guidance. Complete our quick 5-question survey to help us improve it.
Technology community (technical architecture)
The cross-government technical architecture community exists to:
- share knowledge and information about technical architecture for government services
- discuss and challenge the way technical architecture works for government services
- bring together people from across government with an interest in technical architecture
Who the community is for
You might be interested in this community if you're involved in any aspect of technical architecture, for example:
- choosing technology (eg languages, frameworks or software) for a service
- giving technology advice and being the technical voice in conversations about service design
- making a service secure
- testing the security and performance of a service
You don't need to be a technical architect to join.
Join the community
Use the technical architects Google group to discuss cross-government technical architecture issues (request access using your government email address).
If you can't access this group, please email email@example.com for help.
Training and events
The community holds regular:
- cross-government architecture lunches
- cross-government architecture drinks
These alternate on a monthly basis.
You can find information about meetups in the technical architects Google group.
The technology at GDS blog discusses how GDS builds, assembles and runs its software.
Technical architecture in the Service Manual
These guides show what we currently believe to be best practice for technical architecture in government:
- Choosing your technology: an introduction
- Using HTTPS
- Quality assurance: testing your service regularly
- Exploratory testing
- Test your service's performance
- Vulnerability and penetration testing
- Moving away from legacy systems
- How to email your users
- Making source code open and reusable
- Protecting your service against fraud
- Working with cookies and similar technologies
- Working with open standards
Help us keep the Service Manual up to date by:
- contributing to community discussions
- telling us if something is wrong or out of date using the feedback link at the top of each guide
- Last update:
Added a link.
Added a link to the moving away from legacy systems guide.
Added new community information
Received green light from community lead to add in links to cross-government Google group.


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Topic: Apparel
U.S. Map Shows the Best-Selling NFL Jersey Among Women in Each State
Andrew Luck is No. 1 overall, but there are some oddities
By Tim Nudd on Nov. 3, 2014 - 1:08 PM EST
Despite the league's high-profile problems with domestic violence, millions of women nonetheless love the NFL. They make up some 46 percent of NFL fans, and they're a major target for…
This Outfit Designed to Help Change Clothes in Public Is at 2,000% of Its Kickstarter Goal
The Undress brilliantly solves a common problem
By Roo Ciambriello on Oct. 31, 2014 - 12:10 PM EDT
With a tagline like "Change clothes in public without ever getting naked," The Undress has a pretty clear sales proposition, and people are lining up in droves to hand the…
Patagonia Goes Full Chipotle in This Intense Animation About Goose Down
'What the pluck?'
By David Griner on Oct. 29, 2014 - 8:46 PM EDT
You'll never think about down jackets or Blue Oyster Cult the same way again after watching Patagonia's darkly informative new video set to the tune of "Don't Fear the Reaper." In…
Are These Feminist Superhero Panties Empowering, or a Tiny Bit Weird?
Amelia Earhart and more join this Dear Kate collection
By Roo Ciambriello on Oct. 23, 2014 - 1:54 PM EDT
The underwear brand Dear Kate, a big proponent of using real people instead of models, has a new plan to empower women: It's putting inspiring female faces right on its…
ModCloth Signs Pledge to Avoid Retouching Photos of its Models
Photoshopped images will get 'Truth in Advertising' labels
By Samantha Kelly on Aug. 22, 2014 - 4:42 PM EDT
Ever wish advertisers would just admit when they've airbrushed their models? Online retailer ModCloth promised to do so when it became the first retailer to sign the "Heroes Pledge for Advertisers."…
Why Did These $68 Shorts From Stitch Fix Show Up With a $24.97 Price Tag From Nordstrom Rack?
Popular service says blogger's delivery was a fluke
By Roo Ciambriello on Aug. 1, 2014 - 4:17 PM EDT
Blogger Kat Bouska usually loves being surprised by what's inside her monthly Stitch Fix fashion box deliveries, but the most recent one included something she truly didn't expect: an original…
Amy Poehler's Newest Job for Old Navy? World's Worst Spelling Bee Moderator
Comedy queen is becoming the retailer's go-to ad star
By David Gianatasio on Aug. 1, 2014 - 10:35 AM EDT
Amy Poehler goes to the top of the class in her latest Old Navy commercial, in which the Parks and Recreation actress moderates a spelling bee. Of course, we've seen her…
Japan Is Selling Zoo Jeans, Fashionably Ripped by Lions, Tigers and Bears
Charity project is pretty wild
By David Gianatasio on Jul. 10, 2014 - 7:55 AM EDT
Fashion designers can be temperamental beasts, but this is ridiculous. Supporters seeking to raise funds to renovate the Kamine Zoo in Hitachi, Japan, have launched a brand billed as "the only…
Levi's Is Looking to Keep Things Light With Fun-Focused New Ad Campaign
CMO says too many fashion brands are 'overly serious'
By David Gianatasio on Jul. 2, 2014 - 10:39 AM EDT
Levi's is trying on a simple, straightforward message in its first big push since reuniting with longtime agency FCB (and also hiring The House Worldwide) in February. Unveiling a global campaign…
Board Shorts Maker Unleashes Craziest Ad Ever About the Evils of Chafing
Painful stuff from Turq Sport
By Kristina Monllos on Jun. 26, 2014 - 11:44 AM EDT
Surfers! Dude-bros! Rejoice! Swim shorts maker Turq Sport is here to save you from the beach's most evil of villains. Yes, that's right—chafing. In this delightfully campy spot, we see how…


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Pair of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Mr20 Armchairs
Amazing and excellent condition, pair of Mies Van Der Rohe MR20 chrome tube and leather armchairs. It doesn't get more iconic than these. Work great for dining, occasional, or lounge chairs.
WIDTH: 20½ in | HEIGHT: 29 in | DEPTH: 31 in
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Ulbricht T.,Leibniz Institute for Age Research |
Alzrigat M.,Leibniz Institute for Age Research |
Horch A.,Carl Zeiss GmbH |
Reuter N.,Friedrich - Alexander - University, Erlangen - Nuremberg |
And 7 more authors.
Journal of Cell Biology | Year: 2012
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies selectively associate with transcriptionally active genomic regions, including the gene-rich major histocompatibility (MHC) locus. In this paper, we have explored potential links between PML and interferon (IFN)-γ-induced MHC class II expression. IFN-γ induced a substantial increase in the spatial proximity between PML bodies and the MHC class II gene cluster in different human cell types. Knockdown experiments show that PML is required for efficient IFN-γ-induced MHC II gene transcription through regulation of the class II transactivator (CIITA). PML mediates this function through protection of CIITA from proteasomal degradation. We also show that PML isoform II specifically forms a stable complex with CIITA at PML bodies. These observations establish PML as a coregulator of IFN-γ-induced MHC class II expression. © 2012 Ulbricht et al. Source
1,4-Naphthoquinones as inducers of oxidative damage and stress signaling in HaCaT human keratinocytes
Klaus V.,TU Berlin |
Hartmann T.,Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf |
Gambini J.,University of Valencia |
Graf P.,Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf |
And 4 more authors.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics | Year: 2010
Selected biological effects of 1,4-naphthoquinone, menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and structurally related quinones from natural sources - the 5-hydroxy-naphthoquinones juglone, plumbagin and the 2-hydroxy-naphthoquinones lawsone and lapachol - were studied in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). 1,4-naphthoquinone and menadione as well as juglone and plumbagin were highly cytotoxic, strongly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and depleted cellular glutathione. Moreover, they induced oxidative DNA base damage and accumulation of DNA strand breaks, as demonstrated in an alkaline DNA unwinding assay. Neither lawsone nor lapachol (up to 100μM) were active in any of these assays. Cytotoxic and oxidative action was paralleled by stimulation of stress signaling: all tested quinones except lawsone and lapachol strongly induced phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the related ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. EGFR activation by plumbagin, juglone and menadione was attenuated by a superoxide dismutase mimetic, indicating that ROS-related mechanisms contribute to EGFR activation by these naphthoquinones. © 2010. Source
Role of HuR and p38MAPK in ultraviolet B-induced post-transcriptional regulation of COX-2 expression in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT
Fernau N.S.,Leibniz Institute For Umweltmedizinische Forschung |
Fugmann D.,Leibniz Institute For Umweltmedizinische Forschung |
Leyendecker M.,Leibniz Institute For Umweltmedizinische Forschung |
Reimann K.,Leibniz Institute For Umweltmedizinische Forschung |
And 6 more authors.
Journal of Biological Chemistry | Year: 2010
COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) is a pivotal player in inflammatory processes, and ultraviolet radiation is a known stimulus for COX-2 expression in skin cells. Here, an induction of COX-2 expression in HaCaT human keratinocytes was observed only upon exposure of cells to UVB (280-320 nm) but not to UVA radiation (320-400 nm), as demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. Prostaglandin E2 levels were elevated in cell culture supernatants of HaCaT cells exposed to UVB. COX-2 mRNA stability was dramatically increased by UV Birradiation. Both the stabilization of COX-2 mRNA and the enhancement of COX-2 steady-state mRNA and protein levels caused by UVB were prevented both by inhibition and small interfering RNA-induced depletion of p38MAPK, a kinase strongly activated upon exposure to UVB, suggesting p38 MAPK-dependent mRNA stabilization as a mechanism of UVB-induced COX-2 expression. A dramatic decrease in COX-2 expression induced by UVB was elicited by small interfering RNA-based depletion of a stress-responsive mRNA stabilizing protein regulated by p38MAPK, i.e. HuR; UVB-induced elevation of COX-2 mRNA and protein levels coincided with an accumulation of HuR in the cytoplasm and was attenuated in cells depleted of HuR. Moreover, UVB-induced generation of prostaglandin E2 by HaCaT cells was blunted by HuR depletion, suggesting that stress kinases (such as p38MAPK) as well as HuR are excellent targets for approaches aiming at interfering with induction of COX-2 expression by UVB. © 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Source
Detection of a functional xenobiotic response element in a widely employed FoxO-responsive reporter construct
Eckers A.,Leibniz Institute For Umweltmedizinische Forschung |
Sauerbier E.,Leibniz Institute For Umweltmedizinische Forschung |
Sauerbier E.,University of Alberta |
Anwar-Mohamed A.,University of Alberta |
And 5 more authors.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics | Year: 2011
FHRE-Luc is a promoter reporter construct that is widely used to assess the activity of FoxO (forkhead box, class O) transcription factors. We here demonstrate that this promoter construct responds to exposure of HepG2 human hepatoma cells to known agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole. However, FHRE-Luc activation did not coincide with FoxO DNA binding or changes in Akt-induced FoxO phosphorylation after treatment with AhR agonists. Testing FHRE-Luc deletion constructs and using AhR-deficient cells, we found that FHRE-Luc activation by AhR agonists is due to a functional xenobiotic-response element (XRE) spanning the backbone/insert border of the reporter plasmid. In conclusion, care must be taken when using FHRE-Luc to assess FoxO activity in response to stimuli that potentially interfere with xenobiotic signaling. Source


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You Say Party You Say Party on Colored LP + CD
Colored Copies Are Limited / Call To Confirm Colored Copies Are Still Available
In 2004, You Say Party played their first punk show in a church basement outside Vancouver, BC. Four years later, they were touring China and Japan on the strength of two acclaimed albums, 2005's Hit the Floor! and 2007's Lose All Time. They shifted from new wave-punk into indie pop rock and were poised for breakout, mainstream success with 2009's award-winning XXXX when tragedy struck. Drummer Devon Clifford collapsed on stage and died suddenly.
You Say Party (Becky Ninkovic, Stephen O'Shea, Krista Loewen, and Derek Adam) reunited in 2012 and have spent the last four years slow dancing towards this moment: their first full-length release in six years. The record is, appropriately enough, self-titled - a reaffirmation of their willful determination and identity after devastating lows. It's a space-like record that swallows the listener inside eight shimmering constellations about friendship, loss, reconciliation and uncertainty.
You Say Party's new sound is more expansive and experimental, and while it offers a nod to their past, their legion of fans, and their journey to this moment, it's also a map pointing the way forward. You Say Party is the band's most contemplative, experimental and wildly ambitious offering to date.
1. 112
2. Ignorance
3. Friend
4. Underside
5. Sleepyhead
6. Fortitude
7. Sweet Divine
8. Heading In The Direction Of The Rising Sun
No interest if paid in full in 12 months
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text:
Capri Rugs 91375 9008 are machine woven using natural cotton chenille yarns to create a 5mm flat weave finish. This stunning rug features a leaf design with a selection of green, blue and pink colour tones.
Delivery Costs: This item qualifies for FREE UK delivery
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DAYTON, Ohio -- Dorothy Lane Market here, which has pioneered the use of reduced space symbology (RSS) bar codes for meats in its two original stores since last May, is poised to adopt the codes in its new third store, which opened in March, as other companies prepare to test the technology.
The RSS bar codes, developed by the Uniform Code Council, Lawrenceville, N.J., are being applied specifically to perishable products, though they are being considered for other categories like HBC and greeting cards, where their smaller size is helpful.
Dorothy Lane, the first grocery company to use the codes, has applied them strictly to meat, but a large Canadian retailer is planning to apply the codes to produce by the end of this month, according to Greg Rowe, the UCC's manager of industry initiatives. The company is "looking to its produce suppliers to have the RSS codes on price-lookup stickers by the end of May, and then to start scanning them," he said, declining to name the grocer.
In addition, a "Northwest grocery chain" is looking at testing the codes, according to Steve Arens, senior director of business development for UCC.
Holding more information than traditional Universal Product Code, the RSS codes offer grocers the opportunity to scan produce for the first time, while cutting front-end shrink, reducing cashier-training costs and speeding checkout throughput, said industry experts. But the relative newness of the codes has slowed any movement to adopt them industrywide.
Jack Gridley, meat and seafood director for Dorothy Lane, who believes the RSS codes will have a significant impact on the bottom line as the food industry continues to discover their benefits, expects to have them in place at all three of the grocer's stores by mid-June.
So far, Dorothy Lane is limiting the application to meat products. "We stopped using RSS for produce after a month because all of the stickers had to be custom-made, and hand-applied to all the fruits and vegetables," said Gridley. "The manufacturers, growers and packers have not bought into RSS yet, so we had to apply the stickers ourselves. Needless to say, it was very time-consuming."
The grocer also had run into some software problems earlier this year and had to stop using the codes for meat temporarily, said Gridley. "The POS [point-of-sale] software was able to scan the bar code, but as far as being able to transfer the additional digits of the UPC in a multiple-store environment, the software had to be rewritten or some sort of work-around had to be made."
A successful adjustment was made by Dorothy Lane's POS software provider, Bass, Miamisburg, Ohio (a subsidiary of Retalix). While there are still a few minor bugs to be fixed, the RSS capacity will be incorporated into the new release of Bass' software, Gridley said.
"Part of the problem is that this whole test was just a proof of concept," said Gridley. "When the industry takes hold of this and some of the software manufacturers rewrite their software to accommodate RSS, that's when you're going to see the huge benefits come out. It's just a matter of people feeling comfortable with it and making the investments in the technology to upgrade. It's like, 'Which comes first? The chicken or the egg?"'
Still, the promise of the RSS technology appears great. RSS bar codes for meat and produce would save approximately $46,529 per store annually after technology upgrades, according to a study by the Perishables Group, Carpentersville, Ill. Participants in the study included Dorothy Lane and two Top 10 grocery chains.
Using this estimate, the largest grocery chains, like Cincinnati-based Kroger, which operates about 3,600 stores and Albertson's, Boise, Idaho, which operates about 2,500 stores, could witness an annual savings well in excess of $100 million.
"I remember how the UPC truly transformed our industry in the 1970s," said Norman Mayne, chief executive officer of Dorothy Lane after the first month of testing, "and I am confident RSS will bring the same type of innovation and convenience to the supermarket industry. The RSS bar codes may be small, but they will mean big benefits to supermarket operators and their customers."
In addition to being smaller than current UPCs, allowing them to be affixed to loose fruits, vegetables and other small items, the seven RSS bar codes have a 14-digit data structure, whereas current UPCs are 12-digit. The extra digits allow considerably more information to be encoded, especially for produce, which has lacked any bar-coding. For instance, the RSS-14-stacked omnidirectional bar code for loose produce identifies the supplier and the case size.
"Today when a cashier hand-enters the four-digit, price-lookup code on an orange at the checkout, there's no brand-specific information," said Rowe. "They just know that it's a generic orange. With the RSS on there, you can scan the orange, get complete product identity and take human error out of the cashier."
RSS reduces front-end pricing shrink by $11,274 per store annually, according to the Perishables Group study.
The RSS expanded, stacked symbology for meat allows encoding of the supplier's ID and the weight of the meat into the bar code. "Now retailers will be able to track how much meat was produced in the back room and how much went through the front end," said Rowe. "So now they can capture inventory shrink.
"It also reduces training costs because new cashiers don't have to memorize PLU numbers," said Rowe. "And in those stores that have self-checkout, consumers can now scan the product, vs. having to go into the screen and toggle through to identify a fruit or vegetable. So it speeds up transactions."
The RSS-14 for pharmaceuticals contains an expiration date and batch number, allowing retailers to more effectively rotate stock and quickly contact affected customers in the event of a drug recall.
"Currently, 90% of prescriptions drugs are bar-coded," said John Roberts, the UCC's director of health care. "With RSS, you'd pretty much get them all, down to individual blister packs."


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By Evan Pickworth (Business Day)
A PERMANENT voluntary disclosure programme will be introduced from next month after a highly successful temporary disclosure programme that closed out last year had netted R2.7bn so far, senior South African Revenue Service (Sars) officials said yesterday.
The previous programme ran from November 2010 to October last year and attracted 18,000 applicants. It was "more of a success than expected", Vlok Symington, a SARS executive involved with the programme, told an Ernst & Young Africa tax conference in Hermanus.
He said many applications still had to be processed — only 36% had been so far, with 34% of those producing bankable money for Sars.
Mr Symington confirmed that while not all aspects of the Tax Administration Bill would be operational from October 1, the new permanent voluntary disclosure regime would be in force, although it would be more limited in terms of relief.
According to the bill, if the voluntary disclosure of any nonpayment of tax comes after notice of an audit, the penalty is 75% of the money owed instead of 200% — in cases of intentional evasion — but 10% if it were to be disclosed before notice of an audit.
Mark Kingon, a Sars executive who is involved with higher level tax conflicts, said the programme aimed to reduce uncertainty and improve services and enforcement.
Mr Symington said the plan was to increase resources and fine-tune the system as he expected the programme to remain popular, being the most developed in Africa.
Mr Kingon said "extensive abuse" by "supposed" tax practitioners had occurred in the past few months and the aim was to weed them out.
The bill includes new provisions relating to the registration of, and complaints against, people giving advice or completing documents on tax for remuneration.
Delegates to the conference, which had representatives from more than 30 countries, noted a 75% increase in aggressive tax audits in the past two years.
Chris Sanger, a former adviser to former UK prime minister Gordon Brown on tax and Ernst & Young's global leader on tax policy, said there had been "rapid growth" in anti-abuse measures worldwide.
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2016/12/06Section 73 of the VAT Act: The serious consequences of unlawful tax avoidance
2016/03/24Can SARS limit legal professional privilege?
2015/10/23All tax practitioners can now book SARS appointments online
2015/08/21Issue 3 of the Guide on valuation of assets for Capital Gains Tax purposes
Section 240A of the Tax Administration Act, 2011 (as amended) requires that all tax practitioners register with a recognized controlling body before 1 July 2013. It is a criminal offense to not register with both a recognized controlling body and SARS.
The Act requires that a minimum academic and practical requirments be set to register with a controlling body. Click here for the minimum requirements of SAIT.


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Skip to comments.Newspaper Publishes Gun Owners' Names and Addresses
Posted on 12/24/2012 5:01:47 PM PST by mandaladon
A newspaper in New York has received a wave of criticism from its readers after publishing the names and addresses of all of the individuals with handgun or pistol permits in its coverage area.
Hundreds of residents in New York's Westchester and Rockland counties were surprised to find their names and addresses listed on a map posted by The Journal News on Sunday. Users can click any dot on the map to see which of their neighbors has a permit for a gun.
The map sparked more than 500 comments from readers within a day of its appearance on the website, many of them voicing outrage at the paper's decision to make the information public.
"This is CRAZY!! why in the world would you post every licensed gun owner information?? What do you hope to accomplish by doing this. This is the type of thing you do for sex offenders not law abiding gun owners. What next? should i hang a flag outside my house that says I own a gun? I am canceling my subscription with your paper today!!!" said commenter Curtis Maenza.
"How about a map of the editorial staff and publishers of Gannett and Journal News with names and addresses of their families ," wrote commenter George Thompson.
All of the names and addresses were compiled through public records. The paper also requested the information from Putnam County, which is still compiling the records for publication, according to The Journal News' website.
In a statement to ABC News, The Journal News said its readers "are understandably interested to know about guns in their neighborhoods," because of the conversation about gun control on its website after the shooting in Newtown, Conn., last week. .
(Excerpt) Read more at news.yahoo.com ...
"New York's top public-records expert, Robert Freeman, disagrees," it added.
The paper declined to answer further questions about the map.
The MSM going nuts again.
An attempt to intimidate has backfired. Leftists always over-reach.
Did they also publish a map of all the illegal guns in the neighborhoods?
The only thing that thugs understand is hardball. And the best way to hit back at the media is through their advertisers. When a company finds that it is more expensive to support the paper than it is to find other ways to reach customers, they'll respond by pulling their ads. So the best response is to boycott advertisers, and let them know that you are doing it.
War is Hell to Pay.
Yeah, the New York scribbler class are nuts.
Probably nothing the neighbors of these owners' didn't already know. The mass media doesn't understand that you can be a gun owner and also be a good, friendly neighbor.
A silver lining here is that it will drive up the home prices in the neighborhoods where the residents have the most guns. Everyone will want to move there.
This guy:
posted the name, address phone numbers and other info on the publisher and the reporter.
I don't know who the guy is, but one would suspect he's one of the people displayed in this reckless release of data.
Well, if they want it to be public information, that sort of makes concealed carry a moot point.
Since everyone knows you've gt a gun, then it follows you might as well wear it on your hip.
Hey! *They* are the ones making this into a Wild West Show.
It also makes bigger targets ofthe places that DON'T have guns.
Wow talk about backfiring...just read some of the comments.
Get the names of the editors and reporters. then get their addresses through real property tax and voting records (also available under FOIL). Hand them out to the local homeless as people who don't believe in gun ownership. Let hijinxks ensue.
I wish our local paper would do that. I'd make sure my name and address were on the list and ask that they add that I'm a mean, paranoid psychopath and have a Rottweiler, too.
My front door welcome mat says, "Go Away".
This is exactly why we cannot ever agree to gun registration.
Thanks for the link. I think I'll send Janet a package of Christmas cookies on Weds when the post office opens.
Playing hardball would require more than bitching to their advertisors. And no offense intended but I seriously doubt you have the stomach for it.
What is registration, but a list? What do they do with the names from the background checks?
The people who should really be upset are the UNARMED neighbors of the ARMED citizens. LOL
Time to publish the names and addresses of all the rich Democrats in the country.
Gannett Newspapers Code of Ethics....
we will always try to do the right thing....
fire her...her green kitchen is ugly
Make that newspaper pay for the relocation expense of all the battered spouses that have legal firearms to protect them from their former abusers.
Janet Hassen
3 Gate House Lane
Mamaronek, NY
I'm sure she won't mind if a few folks hit the link above and wish her a very Merry Christmas.
That's what I thought. Any burglar/armed robber/rapist will now have a long list of targets where there is little chance they will meet confrontation.
These homes are 'hurt lockers' for criminals. Best think twice before hitting these places, you may not come out alive.
Thank God I live in Texas. That nonsense is no allowed here.
Thanks mandaladon. Partisan Media Shills ping.
Thank God I live in Texas. That nonsense is not allowed here.
My doormat says LEAVE!
"fire her...her green kitchen is ugly"
Just her kitchen??
For criminals, this is a list of people not to mess with.
Everybody else—LOOK OUT!
Rapes and Murder make good news, they could care less about the results of this information.
After crap like this...why should our side play nice?
Here's a nice arial view of the house courtesy of Bing Maps. Nice deck. Nice circular drive...
That list would come in mighty handy if you were wanting to minimize your risk of being shot at while breaking and entering . If I robbed houses for a living I would know exactly which houses not to break into thanks to this list.
If I lived in this neighborhood in a house not on the list I would be pretty ticked at the paper for painting a huge target on my house.
This is exactly what should happen. With an additional note if they are armed or unarmed.
I bet there is no law regarding the printing of reporter contact information and the editor and newspaper stockholders who approve these stunts.
how about the same for advertisers' homes?
just do the equal treatment that is allowed by law.
Merry Christmas
Read that paper while visiting my daughter last week.
>> Playing hardball would require more than bitching to their advertisors. And no offense intended but I seriously doubt you have the stomach for it.
Anything illegal would be a vain, suicide mission. The best way to defeat these bitches is through uniform activism. We have about 60 million that voted R last election. I'm sure a good percentage would be interested in making legitimate dents in all the right places. It just requires some leadership and organization.
Someone should post the names and addresses of all high profile politicians and their families names and addresses as well.
my doormat says come back with a warrant
The folks who are not on the list should be concerned, very concerned.
armed not armed is not relevant.
this is about power.
advertisers would be just thrilled to know advertising there would be dangerous.
stockholders would be just thrilled to know buying shares would make them exposed.
the reporter did it to scare.
payback, as far as the law allows, is a female dog.
I'd be on the phone to my lawyer right now.
I would hate to live on the block with no one on it that owned a gun.....
Especially if I owned some easily steaalble pawnible items....
I live in northern Idaho where free people still live (except for the few Kalifornia flower children who polluted the area in the 90's but they are vastly outnumbered).
I assume that all of my neighbors have firearms. Since I bear them no malice this is not an issue.
They also assume that I have firearms. As long as they bear me no malice this is not an issue.
If they do not own any fireams I assume that THEY have an issue.
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End O' Main Restaurant Building:
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Original legals of lots: E/2 of Lot 15 in Block 64, Lot 16 and West 10 feet of Lot 17, Block 64, east 40 feet of lot 17, and lot 18, Block 64. Lots behind EOM personally owned: NO MINERALS ARE SOLD WITH ANY REAL-ESTATE PROPERTY
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Note: As we have been serving the public for over 4 decades; owning this restaurant for over 3 decades; we are retiring to enjoy our family.
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United States District Court, D. Columbia.
June 5, 2014
EDWARD K. GAMSON, et al., Plaintiffs,v.BRITISH AIRWAYS, PLC, Defendant
EDWARD K. GAMSON, Plaintiff, Pro se, Washington, DC.
LOWELL E. CANADAY, Plaintiff, Pro se, Washington, DC.
For BRITISH AIRWAYS PLC, Defendant: Kenneth Scott Nankin, NANKIN & VERMA PLLC, Bethesda, MD.
JAMES E. BOASBERG, United States District Judge.
This case proves the truth of Mark Twain's aphorism that " [t]he difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and a lightning bug." Except here only a single letter's difference is involved.
Plaintiffs Edward Gamson and Lowell Canaday were set to fly first class from Washington through London to Granada, Spain, for some much-needed relaxation. Defendant British Airways, perhaps believing a Caribbean vacation preferable, instead booked the last leg of the trip to Grenada, in the West Indies. The couple only realized the error after departing London, probably somewhere over the North Atlantic. Although they eventually returned safely to Washington, they had missed out on their planned Spanish trip. As a result, they filed this pro se suit in D.C. Superior Court for damages based on British Airways' negligence and breach of contract in its erroneous booking.
Defendant has removed the matter to this Court on the ground that at least one of Plaintiffs' claims arises under the Montreal Convention, a treaty governing international air travel, which provides federal subject-matter jurisdiction. British Airways now moves to dismiss, arguing that Plaintiffs cannot state a claim under the Convention and that the U.S. Airline Deregulation Act preempts any remaining claims. Believing that the Montreal Convention does not completely preempt this case and that removal was thus improper,
Page 87
the Court remands the case back to the Superior Court.
I. Background
According to the Complaint, which must be presumed true for the purposes of this Motion, Plaintiffs, having gone two years without a vacation, planned a trip to Granada and Seville in Spain. Compl., ¶ 7. They booked their flights with Defendant British Airways, intending to travel from Washington Dulles Airport to London, and then to Granada, with a return flight from Lisbon, Portugal, to Washington Dulles. Id., ¶ 8. Plaintiff Gamson clearly explained to Defendant's agent that they wished to travel to Granada, Spain, and Defendant's agent on his own initiative suggested that Plaintiffs connect through London's Gatwick Airport. Id., ¶ ¶ 9-10. Gamson agreed and booked the tickets, which were transferred electronically to Plaintiffs and referred to " Grenada," without any indication of the country, airport code, or flight duration. Id., ¶ 10. After arriving in the sunny Caribbean, as opposed to sunny Andalusia, Plaintiffs learned that British Airways had made this error before. Id., ¶ 12.
They brought suit in the Superior Court for breach of contract, negligence, and gross negligence, seeking damages for the value of their tickets, non-refundable expenses for their lost vacation in Spain, lost wages, and other associated expenses. Id., ¶ ¶ 13-21. On March 28, 2014, Defendant removed the case to this Court, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441, on the ground that Plaintiffs' cause of action " arises under" federal law within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 1331. See Notice of Removal, ¶ 6. The federal law in question is the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, on May 28, 1999, ICAO Doc. No. 9740 (entered into force on November 4, 2003), reprinted in S. Treaty Doc. No. 106-45, 1999 WL 33292734 (" Montreal Convention" ). Having removed the matter, British Airways now moves to dismiss, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), on the grounds that the Montreal Convention and the Airline Deregulation Act, 49 U.S.C. § 41713(b)(1), preempt Plaintiffs' state-law claims. In addition to opposing that Motion, Plaintiffs ask the Court to remand the matter to Superior Court.
II. Analysis
In general, a defendant may remove a state-court action to federal court under 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a) " if it qualifies as a 'civil action . . . of which the district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction,' unless Congress expressly provides otherwise." Rivet v. Regions Bank of Louisiana, 522 U.S. 470, 474, 118 S.Ct. 921, 139 L.Ed.2d 912 (1998) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a)). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c), however, once a case has been removed, " [i]f at any time before final judgment it appears that the district court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the case shall be remanded." As a result, the Court has an obligation to examine its own jurisdiction over the action at every stage of the litigation.
British Airways removed this suit by invoking the Court's " arising under" jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331. See Notice of Removal, ¶ 6. This section provides for federal jurisdiction when, for example, a plaintiff raises a federal cause of action in his complaint. See Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley, 211 U.S. 149, 152, 29 S.Ct. 42, 53 L.Ed. 126 (1908). BA, however, does not argue that Plaintiffs have asserted a federal claim here; instead, it relies on federal preemption. As a general proposition, federal preemption of state law is a defense that
Page 88
does not justify removal under the rule of Mottley. See Caterpillar Inc., v. Williams, 482 U.S. 386, 392-93, 107 S.Ct. 2425, 96 L.Ed.2d 318 (1987). There is, however, an exception: If " Congress intended [the federal statute at issue] to provide the exclusive cause of action," then removal of a plaintiff's state-law claim is proper because " [w]hen the federal statute completely pre-empts the state-law cause of action, a claim which comes within the scope of that cause of action, even if pleaded in terms of state law, is in reality based on federal law." Beneficial National Bank v. Anderson, 539 U.S. 1, 8-9, 123 S.Ct. 2058, 156 L.Ed.2d 1 (2003) (emphasis added). Defendant argues that this is such a case: " [T]he State Action is removable to this Court by British Airways pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a) because it is a civil action over which this Court has original jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, in that Plaintiffs' claim that British Airways transported them to an incorrect stopping place arises exclusively under the Montreal Convention, a treaty of the United States." Notice of Removal, ¶ 12 (emphasis added).
In deciding whether removal was proper, then, the Court must determine whether complete preemption applies here. If the treaty does completely preempt, the Court has jurisdiction; if it does not, the Court must next consider whether the Airline Deregulation Act alternatively provides removal jurisdiction.
A. Montreal-Convention Preemption
Courts are divided on whether the Montreal Convention ever affords complete preemption, even if the claim falls clearly within its scope. Some have held that complete preemption is appropriate. See, e.g., Husmann v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 169 F.3d 1151, 1153 (8th Cir. 1999) (observing that absence of complete preemption would undermine " uniformity" and " certainty" of Warsaw Convention, predecessor to Montreal Convention); Donkor v. British Airways Corp., 62 F.Supp.2d 963, 967 (E.D.N.Y. 1999) (" [T]he Warsaw Convention completely preempts the claims that it governs[.]" ); Singh v. N. Am. Airlines, 426 F.Supp.2d 38, 44-45 (E.D.N.Y. 2006) (interpreting El Al Israel v. Tsui Yuan Tseng, 525 U.S. 155, 119 S.Ct. 662, 142 L.Ed.2d 576 (1999), as authorizing complete preemption); Knowlton v. Am. Airlines, Inc., No. 06-854, 2007 WL 273794, at *3 (D. Md. Jan. 31, 2007) (finding that Montreal Convention completely preempted state-law claims); Mateo v. JetBlue Airways Corp., 847 F.Supp.2d 383, 387 (E.D.N.Y. 2012) (finding that " complete preemptive power" of Montreal Convention was corollary of its being " exclusive cause of action." ); Fadhliah v. Societe Air France, No. 13-06142, 987 F.Supp.2d 1057, 2013 WL 6571601, at *5 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 1, 2013) (looking to travaux preparatoires and U.K. courts' interpretation of Montreal Convention to support its conclusion that Convention had preemptive effect).
Other courts, conversely, have held that the Convention does not afford complete preemption. See, e.g., Narkiewicz-Laine v. Scandinavian Airlines Systems, 587 F.Supp.2d 888, 889 (N.D.Ill. 2008) (relying on Sompo Japan Ins., Inc. v. Nippon Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd., 522 F.3d 776, 781 (7th Cir. 2008), to find no complete preemption); Serrano v. Am. Airlines, Inc., No. 08-2256, 2008 WL 2117239, at *4 (C.D. Cal. May 15, 2008) (interpreting Tseng to authorize only federal, not complete, preemption); Jensen v. Virgin Atlantic, No. 12-6227, 2013 WL 1207962, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 25, 2013) (finding Montreal Convention to be an " affirmative defense" ); DeJoseph v. Continental Airlines, Inc., No. 13-7714, 18 F.Supp.3d 595, 2014 WL 1891407, at *5 (D.N.J. May 12, 2014) (rejecting complete preemption).
Page 89
Fortunately, the Court need not decide this issue here because even if the Convention does completely certain preempt state-law claims, it does not completely preempt Plaintiffs' particular ones. Article 29 of the Convention provides that " [i]n the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo, any action for damages, however founded, whether under this Convention or in contract or in tort or otherwise, can only be brought subject to the conditions and such limits of liability as are set out in this Convention[.]" Montreal Convention, Art. 29 (emphasis added). The dispositive question, then, is whether Plaintiffs' claims address injuries occurring " in the carriage of passengers." They do not.
As the Complaint expressly states, Plaintiffs are suing for " breach of contract and tort for British Airways' egregious error in booking the European portion of Plaintiffs' September 2013, long-awaited vacation from Washington to Europe and back." Compl., ¶ 1 (emphasis added). BA offers no authority for the notion that an erroneous booking should be considered part of " the carriage of passengers." While other provisions of the Convention refer to liability for death, physical passenger injury, and damage to baggage (Article 17), damage to cargo (Article 18), and delay (Article 19), nothing mentions liability for bookings. See Tseng, 525 U.S. at 162 (Articles 17-19 define " the three kinds of liability for which the Convention provides" ). When defining the scope of the Convention to cover " international carriage," furthermore, the Explanatory Note to Article 1 provides: " In accordance with Article 1, paragraphs (2) and (3), 'international carriage' includes all segments of an international journey as shown on the ticket, including domestic segments of an international journey." The booking of the ticket itself is not part of this " international journey," being a condition precedent to the journey itself.
If Plaintiffs had alleged that the actionable conduct occurred on board the flight to Grenada -- i.e., " in the carriage of passengers" -- this Court would have jurisdiction under the Convention. If, for example, the booking was correct but Plaintiffs were put on the wrong plane or the pilot mistakenly flew the airplane to Grenada, the actionable conduct would be covered. In this instance, however, the alleged wrong took place well before Plaintiffs embarked, and this Court can find no reason to extend the scope of the Convention to encompass the facts alleged here.
British Airways, in fact, concedes that the booking claim " arguably does not arise under the Montreal Convention." Mot. to Dismiss at 12-13. Indeed, BA acknowledges that it " never contended that the Convention preempts Plaintiffs' incorrect ticketing claim." Reply at 2. Instead, it maintains that Plaintiffs have actually made another claim for breach of contract resulting from the erroneous transportation rather than the mistaken booking. BA's entire argument relies upon one fragment in the Complaint alleging injury for the airline's " booking and flying" Plaintiffs to the wrong destination. Compl., ¶ 15. At no point is this supposedly separate claim elaborated upon in the Complaint or in other documents filed by Plaintiffs, and they do not appear to consider it to be a basis for liability. Indeed, the entirety of the Complaint rests on the booking mistake. Considering that it is well established that laypersons acting as pro se litigants are not to be held to the same stringent standards for drafting pleadings as legal counsel, see Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5, 9, 101 S.Ct. 173, 66 L.Ed.2d 163 (1980), it would be unfair to Plaintiffs for the Court to allow removal based on this strained interpretation of the Complaint.
As the Court cannot base its jurisdiction on Montreal-Convention preemption here, removal under that treaty was improper.
Page 90
B. ADA Preemption
Although BA does not mention the Airline Deregulation Act as a basis for removal, it does assert that the ADA preempts certain of Plaintiffs' claims. See Mot. to Dismiss at 13-14. Whether or not this is correct, the Court wishes to make clear that the ADA defense provides no basis for removal jurisdiction here. The rule in Mottley directs the Court to examine a plaintiff's complaint for a federal cause of action to ground subject-matter jurisdiction. Unlike complete preemption, which the ADA does not provide, see Wayne v. DHL Worldwide Express, 294 F.3d 1179, 1184 (9th Cir. 2002), a federal defense of preemption, either anticipated in the complaint or argued by the defendant, cannot provide the basis for jurisdiction. See Caterpillar, 482 U.S. at 393. As stated in Mottley, to allow a federal defense to create subject-matter jurisdiction would be " inconsistent with any known rule of pleading, so far as we are aware, and is improper." 211 U.S. at 153. The ADA, consequently, does not offer an alternative basis for removal.
III. Conclusion
As the removal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441 was improper, the case will be remanded to the Superior Court. Plaintiffs in one of their pleadings sought " punitive damages" for BA's removal. See ECF No. 7 (Pl. Opp. to Removal). The Court interprets this as a request for sanctions, which will be denied because the removal here was not in bad faith or for the purpose of delay. A separate Order consistent with this Opinion will issue this day.
For the reasons set forth in the accompanying Memorandum Opinion, the Court ORDERS that:
1. Defendant's Motion to Dismiss is DENIED;
2. Plaintiffs' Motion for Punitive Damages is DENIED; and
3. The case is REMANDED to the D.C. Superior Court
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While Fedor prepares for his comeback fight against Antonio "Bigfoot" Silva at the opening rounds of Strikeforce's Heavyweight Grand Prix, let's take a moment to get to know "The Last Emperor" a bit more, straight from the horse's mouth!
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