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New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division
Decided: June 6, 1994.
HARVEY WICKNER AND BONITA WICKNER, PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS,v.AMERICAN RELIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. AND FITCHBURG MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES AND JEFFREY C. SYMEONDIES, DEFENDANTS-RESPONDENTS, AND CRUM & FORSTER INSURANCE COMPANIES, DEFENDANT.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Hudson County.
Before Judges Pressler, Dreier and Kleiner.
[273 NJSuper Page 561]
The opinion of the court was delivered by DREIR, J.A.D.
Defendant American Reliance Insurance Company appeals from a summary judgment entered in favor of plaintiffs, Harvey and Bonita Wickner, for defense costs incurred in a separate personal injury action. The trial Judge certified this judgment as final, notwithstanding the pendency of other claims. R. 4:42-2. Plaintiffs brought this declaratory judgment action against defendants Crum & Forster Insurance Companies (an excess carrier), Fitchburg Mutual Insurance Company (the insurer of 328 Warren Street, Harrison, during the time plaintiffs owned the property), American Reliance Insurance Company (plaintiffs' homeowner's insurer), and Jeffrey C. Symeonides (a Fitchburg agent) for failure to afford defense counsel when plaintiffs were sued by Marina Avila.
On appeal, American Reliance asserts that the Judge erred in construing the insurance policy to afford coverage, notwithstanding the exclusions of the policy, and that the declaratory judgment action was barred by application of the entire controversy doctrine.
[273 NJSuper Page 562]
We agree with the insurer's arguments that the exclusions of its policy preclude this claim, and therefore do not reach the entire controversy doctrine issue.
On May 10, 1984, plaintiffs purchased a three-family residence at 328 Warren Street in Harrison. Contemporaneous with the purchase of the property, plaintiffs obtained liability insurance coverage for the property from Fitchburg through Symeonides, a Fitchburg agent. Plaintiffs resided at 620 Bergen Street in Harrison, and never moved into the Warren Street property, as may have been originally intended. They rented out the Warren Street property, and in 1985 reported $11,800 in rental income on their tax returns.
Plaintiffs obtained insurance coverage from another company, American Reliance, for their "residence premises," listed on the declaration sheet as 620 Bergen Street, Harrison, and for the rear of 74 First Street, Keyport, presumably a vacation residence. The policy covered one year, from June 12, 1985, to June 12, 1986. Included in the policy is section two, titled "Home and Personal Liability Coverage," providing personal liability protection up to $100,000. The applicable provision states:
Coverage (E) - Personal Liability to Others
This provides for payment on behalf of an insured of sums which the insured becomes legally obligated to pay as damages because of loss covered here. We agree to pay such sums that arise out of bodily injury or property damage caused by an occurrence.
We will provide a defense by counsel of our choice in a suit against an insured seeking damages on account of a loss covered by this agreement.
On July 11, 1985, plaintiffs sold the Warren Street property. On August 5, 1985, less than a month after the sale by plaintiffs, Avila allegedly tripped and fell on the sidewalk abutting 328 Warren Street and sustained serious injuries. On August 4, 1987 she filed a lawsuit against the new owners of 328 Warren Street, as well as plaintiffs as former owners of the property, and the original builder. Avila claimed that her injuries were the result of
[273 NJSuper Page 563]
negligent construction, maintenance, and repair of the sidewalk abutting 328 Warren Street.
Plaintiffs requested that Fitchburg and American Reliance provide defense counsel and coverage for the Avila case. American Reliance, plaintiffs' homeowner's carrier, refused, stating that "none of the policies that American Reliance wrote for the Wickners covered the loss location 328 Warren Street. We must, therefore, formally deny any coverage . . . due to the fact that this was not a primary residence, in an insured location, or a property that was added within thirty days of purchase." As the Fitchburg policy had been canceled prior to the Avila fall, it also denied coverage, so plaintiffs were forced to retain their own attorney.
Avila's slip-and-fall case was litigated in May 1989, and plaintiffs, the builder of the property, and the present owners prevailed. Avila successfully appealed the verdict and we remanded for a new trial. Before the second trial, plaintiffs were voluntarily dismissed from the case. Their expenditures for legal costs, however, have exceeded $143,000.
Plaintiffs filed a declaratory judgment action against Crum & Forster, Fitchburg, and American Reliance, asserting that all three insurance companies had wrongfully denied coverage for the occurrence alleged by Avila and that all had been required to provide plaintiffs with a defense in that lawsuit. In an amended complaint, plaintiffs added Symeonides, a Fitchburg insurance agent, as a defendant, asserting that he had negligently, intentionally, or wrongfully canceled the Fitchburg policy and misrepresented plaintiffs' intent. Plaintiffs' case against Fitchburg and Symeonides went to trial and resulted in a jury verdict in favor of both defendants.
After cross-motions by all parties in the declaratory judgment action, the trial Judge entered an order granting summary judgment to plaintiffs against the homeowner's carrier, American Reliance, and denying the other motions and cross-motions for
[273 NJSuper Page 564]
summary judgment.*fn1 The Judge also denied American Reliance's motions for reconsideration, clarification and a stay.
The Judge signed a final order for judgment against American Reliance, for $65,453.04 for failure to provide coverage in the Avila lawsuit and $77,855.98 for costs, counsel fees, and interest in this suit to enforce liability coverage and for legal assistance which had been wrongfully denied. The order states: "ORDERED that the findings of liability as recited in this Court's Order of April 3, 1992 and the fixing of attorney's fees shall be certified as a Final Judgment against American Reliance Insurance Company pursuant to Rule 4:42-2."*fn2
At oral argument on April 3, 1992, American Reliance claimed that two exclusions in the insurance policy, numbers 3 and 5 denied coverage to plaintiff. They read:
Exclusions -- we are not liable for any loss:
3. arising out of any business activities of an insured, except:
a. activities which are not undertaken in relation to business and which are activities otherwise covered here;
b. those within the term business pursuits; or
c. the part time activities of an insured who is a student under the age of 18;
[273 NJSuper Page 565]
. . . .
5. arising out of a premises owned, rented, or controlled by an insured, other than an insured premises -- but this does not apply to bodily injury to a residence employee arising out of and in the course of employment by an insured . . . .
In short, American Reliance maintained it did not have to afford coverage or provide defense counsel because the alleged injuries were losses "arising out of . . . business activities of the insured" or losses "arising out of premises owned by the insured, other than an insured premises."
On April 3, 1992, the trial Judge determined that neither exclusion was applicable and granted plaintiffs' summary judgment motion against American Reliance. He stated that plaintiffs' liability in the Avila case had been based on a separate basis, namely that imposed under the holding in Cogliati v. Ecco High Frequency Corp., 92 N.J. 402, 456 A.2d 524 (1983) (holding that there is a cause of action for persons injured due to a hazard that was created, or left uncorrected, by a previous owner of a property). The Judge thus found American Reliance's policy covered plaintiffs under the personal liability section of the policy.
Addressing whether the non-listed premises exclusion applied, the Judge focused on whether the Warren Street property was "premises owned by an insured" and on the meaning of the word "owned." He stated: "Different languages have different structures. There are present participles, there are past participles. Some languages have perspective aspects to their verbs. What does owned mean? That's a defect in the English language." Thus, the Judge questioned whether "owned" property included property both presently and previously owned.
Addressing the business activities exclusion, the Judge held that this was not an accident arising out of business activities or business pursuits because, having already sold the property, plaintiffs were no longer pursuing a business on the premises. The Judge stated: "We have here one of those general legal obligations created by law, not created by ownership during the policy period." He then turned to the reasonable expectations of the insured and concluded that an insured would believe that liability
[273 NJSuper Page 566]
insurance covers "those things that are implied by law -- not necessarily by his own activities or by his own design." The Judge determined that both the business activities and owned premises exclusions "do not refer to liabilities imposed by law or occurrences happening within the policy period." "These liabilities . . . do not arise out of presently owned properties which are what the insurance company expects to be listed. They arise by operation of law, and I think liability coverage has to be broad enough to cover those things that are implied by operation of law."
American Reliance contends that the non-listed premises exclusion precludes coverage under its insurance policy. We agree. This American Reliance policy, like most homeowner's policies, provides liability coverage for payment "of sums which the insured becomes legally obligated to pay as damages . . that arise out of bodily injury . . . caused by an occurrence." "Occurrence" is listed in the policy glossary as "an accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to substantially similar conditions."
Coverage for injuries caused by occurrences is not limited to occurrences on the insured premises. See, e.g., Voorhees v. Preferred Mut. Ins. Co., 128 N.J. 165, 169-70, 607 A.2d 1255 (1992) (where the plaintiff was sued by her child's teacher for comments the plaintiff made before the school board, and there was no suggestion that the occurrence had to occur on the insured premises); Horesh v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co., 265 N.J. Super. 32, 34-35, 625 A.2d 541 (App. Div. 1993) (where a husband brought an action to recover for injuries to his infant son, which occurred in a store, the defendants filed a third-party complaint against the wife for contribution and indemnification, and the wife properly requested that the family's homeowner's insurer defend her). Thus, there is coverage here under the American Reliance policy unless an exclusion applies.
The non-listed premises exclusion provides:
[273 NJSuper Page 567]
Exclusions -- we are not liable for any loss:
American Reliance contends that liability for non-disclosure of a latent defect in property transferred to another is a potential loss "arising out of a premises owned" by plaintiffs, and if the property is not listed as an insured premises under the policy, the non-ownership is the factor that denies coverage because of this exclusionary clause in the policy.
Sinopoli v. The North River Ins. Co., 244 N.J. Super. 245, 581 A.2d 1368 (App. Div. 1990), certif. denied, 127 N.J. 325 (1991) is an example of the application of this exclusion. In Sinopoli, a child was injured when he wandered from the public area of a shoe store into a non-public room and came in contact with sulfuric acid. Id. at 248. The owners of the shoe store sought to compel their residential insurance carrier to cover the accident because the claim for injuries was in excess of the limit of the commercial liability policy for the store. Id. at 248-49. We interpreted the residential policy's non-listed property exclusion as precluding coverage because the policy insured the residential home, not the shoe store building. Id. at 253. Because the complaint grounded liability on allegations that the defendant was the owner, or had control of, the store and maintained the premises in a negligent manner, the allegations mirrored the language of the exclusion. Id. at 253.
Here, the only difference is that plaintiff no longer owned the Warren Street property at the time of the accident. The question here is therefore whether the exclusion applies to property formerly owned by an insured and not listed as insured premises on the policy. The answer would be simple if this policy included an "alienated premises" clause, i.e., an express exclusion concerning losses arising from property previously owned by an insured. See Reliance Ins. Co. v. Armstrong World Indus., 265 N.J. Super. 148, 152,
[273 NJSuper Page 568]
625 A.2d 601 (Law Div. 1993) ("The inclusion within a policy of liability insurance of an exclusion for premises alienated by the named insured' is designed to extend the exclusion to claims by subsequent owners of property previously owned by an insured.") Plaintiffs contend that since the non-listed premises exclusion fails to contain an express "alienated premises" clause, the non-listed premises exclusion, standing alone, does not encompass alienated property.
Plaintiffs find support in Hatco Corp. v. W.R. Grace & Co., 801 F. Supp. 1334, 1359 (D.N.J. 1992). There the court explained that "insurance companies can and routinely do include alienated premises clauses in insurance contracts." See also Reliance Insurance Co. v. Armstrong World Indust., supra, at 152. Thus the Judge in Hatco Corp. concluded that "the reasonable expectations of the parties to a contract that does not contain such a provision is that the owned-property exclusions do not bar coverage for damage that occurs on alienated property." Ibid. We disagree with this premise. We do not assume that insureds are familiar with specific exclusionary language employed by the carriers, or that insureds who have demonstrated no special expertise or sophistication in the area of insurance law or coverage have relied upon the absence of as esoteric a provision as an alienated property clause.
The law is settled that the language of liability insurance policies should be construed liberally in favor of the insured and strictly against the insurer. Sandler v. New Jersey Realty Title Ins. Co., 36 N.J. 471, 479, 178 A.2d 1 (1962). The reasonable expectation of the insured should be accorded so far as the language of the policy permits. Allen v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 44 N.J. 294, 305, 208 A.2d 638 (1965). Ambiguities in an insurance policy should be resolved against the insurance company. Meier v. New Jersey Life Ins. Co., 101 N.J. 597, 612-13, 503 A.2d 862 (1986); Sparks v. St. Paul Ins. Co., 100 N.J. 325, 336, 495 A.2d 406 (1985). Where, however, the terms of an insurance policy are clear, the court should enforce the policy as written.
[273 NJSuper Page 569]
State v. Signo Trading Int'l, Inc., 130 N.J. 51, 62-63, 612 A.2d 932 (1992). The question is whether in the absence of clarifying language, the non-listed property exclusion opened this policy to an ambiguity relating to coverage of Warren Street property, even after its sale. It is clear to us that this claim, whether relative to previously owned or presently owned property falls within this exclusion. The potential loss arose out of the fact that these premises had been "owned" by plaintiffs, notwithstanding that at the time of the alleged injury, plaintiffs no longer owned the Warren Street property.
American Reliance also asserts that the business activities exclusion bars coverage because plaintiffs used the Warren Street property as a rental property. We also agree with this defense.
The exclusion states:
c. the part time activities of an insured who is a student under the age of 18;
Included in the glossary in the policy is the following definition of "business":
Business includes
1. a trade, profession, or other occupation (including farming) and use of any premises for such purposes; and
2. the rental or holding for rental of the whole or any portion of the insured premises by an insured, other than the following uses of a private residence:
a. The occasional rental or holding for rental of the residence premises for dwelling purposes;
b. the rental or holding for rental of a portion of the residence premises for dwelling purposes, unless for the accommodation of more than two lodgers; or
[273 NJSuper Page 570]
c. the rental or holding for rental of a portion of the residence premises as an office, school, studio, or private garage.
The "business pursuits" exception from the exclusion is defined as:
1. occupation as a clerical office employee, including executives whose activities are limited to clerical office work; and
2. occupation as a sales person, cashier or messenger - but not those engaged in installation, demonstration, or servicing.
However, this insurance does not apply to:
3. Bodily injury or property damage arising from any business owned or financially controlled by the insured . . . .
The Judge held that the Avila claim was not for an accident arising out of business activities or business pursuits because plaintiffs were no longer pursuing a business on the premises. He concluded that, instead, this situation was "liability arising out of [Cogliati ]."
American Reliance correctly contends that it is undisputed that plaintiffs used 328 Warren Street as a rental enterprise, which is specifically defined in the policy as a business activity.*fn3
It is true that plaintiffs were not still using the Warren Street property as a business property at the time of Avila's accident. However, as Avila alleged, the injury occurred because plaintiffs failed to repair the sidewalk or disclose the latent defects when they owned the property as a business asset. Rental of this property constituted "business" under the policy definition. Therefore, plaintiffs' alleged failure to act occurred when the property was used as a business. Under the business activities exclusion, Avila's alleged injury was a bodily injury "arising out of any business activities of an insured." It is reasonable to assume that an insured would believe that his or her business insurance, and not homeowners insurance, would cover injuries arising out of
[273 NJSuper Page 571]
such business activities or pursuits. This exclusion bars this claim under the American Reliance policy.
In this case we see anomalous results of the piecemeal Disposition of plaintiffs' claims. Plaintiffs were covered by insurance, procured by a broker, for their investment property and their home (with extended liability coverage), and an umbrella policy to protect against excess recoveries. They were represented by counsel when they sold the rental property. With all of this protection, they are now saddled with over $140,000 in legal costs for a claim on which they prevailed. One might imagine that the Fitchburg policy would have a clause to cover occurrences after the transfer which implicated plaintiffs' alleged acts while they were owners. It did not. Alternatively, the broker or attorney who did not advise plaintiffs to retain the Fitchburg coverage for a reasonable period following the closing might be liable. No claim was made against the attorney, and the broker was found blameless, notwithstanding the fact that Cogliati had been decided years before plaintiffs sold the Warren Street property. Plaintiffs had put themselves in the hands of those whom they thought were competent professionals and secured what appeared to be adequate insurance, yet they suffered this loss.
Had a single Judge or jury considered all of the claims, perhaps the result might have been different. On the narrow aspect of this case now before us, however, we cannot pound the square peg of liability into the round hole of the American Reliance policy. We can only by this opinion again alert the Bar and through it the real estate industry to the potential liability imposed by Coaliati upon former owners who have not extended their coverage for a reasonable period following the transfer of title.*fn4
[273 NJSuper Page 572]
We can only pass upon the case we have before us. While we appreciate that the trial Judge was attempting to protect the plaintiffs from a complete lack of coverage, the policy before us in two clear exclusions precluded coverage for this claim. We are therefore constrained to reverse the judgment for plaintiffs and remand for the entry of judgment in favor of American Reliance Insurance Company.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Eva R.
Care Companion in Sacramento, CA 95829.
Looking for full-time work as a care companion.
Enhanced Background Check not run.
Enhanced Background Check(Not Run)
Basic Background Check Expired
Basic Background Check Expired 04/23/2014
Motor Vehicle Records Check not run.
Motor Vehicle Records Check(Not Run)
First Aid Training
First Aid Training
CPR Training
CPR Training
Sacramento, CA
- Age 63
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Last signed in: Within three months
Home Care Rates $15 per hour
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Experience with providing basic care services:
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Availability & Job Preferences
Availability Duration
Prefers to provide visiting care
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Job Duration
- Will consider a full time position
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My availability is valid through 11/22/16
- Open availability on weekdays (M-F)
Skills & Abilities
Languages Spoken
- Spanish
|Bonnie B. is a reference for Eva R.
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text:
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marked funds are not in new sales offer, possible is only to decrease their proportion
If you have any questions or suggestions, send them to us through the bank messages page. We value your opinion!
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This is a website of companies offering financial services – Swedbank AS, Swedbank Liising AS, Swedbank P&C Insurance AS, Swedbank Life Insurance SE, and Swedbank Investeerimisfondid AS. Before entering into any agreement read the terms and conditions of the respective service. Consult a specialist, where necessary.Swedbank AS does not provide a credit advisory service for the purposes of the Creditors and Credit Intermediaries Act. The borrower makes the decision of taking out a loan, who assesses the suitability of the loan product and contractual terms to his/her personal loan interest, need and financial situation on the basis of the information and warnings presented by the bank and is responsible for the consequences related to concluding the agreement.


text:
Save 20%
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text:
We here are Strombo.com are big fans of animal livestreams, which give you a peek into the daily goings-on of creatures who'd probably scurry or fly away if you got too close in person (if you haven't seen Yukon Electrical Company's eagle nest cam, you should definitely check it out).
The livestream we're bringing you today, however, is a little different.
Piip-Show is a 24/7 stream that the Norwegian television network NRK has been broadcasting since the beginning of March. The set-up is simple: a cast of magpies, blue tits and bullfinches stop by three different specially built sets to eat the seeds and nuts set out for them. The current set, which you can see above, is modelled after Java, a popular coffee shop in Oslo, and features four tiny stools, an espresso machine and even a tiny TV screen with birds on it.
The highlight so far has been a visit from a rascally squirrel, who feasted on the bird feed:
You can watch the whole scene here, and follow the show on Twitter and Instagram for a daily dose of avian café culture.
The show is the creation of Magne Klann, a photographer and avid birdwatcher, and Lars M. Aurtande, who first made a primitive version Piip-Show in 2003.
In recent years, NRK has become the leading exponent of the so-called "Slow TV" movement, broadcasting shows like a seven-hour train voyage from Oslo to Bergen:
Or a 134-hour live broadcast of a ferry working its way through the country's fjords. Here's the whole voyage compressed into 37 minutes:
Piip-Show will run until the end of May, and can be streamed on the NRK website.


text: Starting at the Google Play Store, the Samsung Gear Live and the LG G Watch will both go on sale starting today. As for the Moto 360; it arrives later this Summer. Meanwhile, Google has published the updated Wear SDK for developers to begin making watch versions of their existing Android apps, that don't need to be installed on the watch, because once paired with a phone, they're automatically transitioned.


text:
11-28-2013, 06:15 AM #1Wanna be a part?
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Microsofts new ads against google!
Microsoft now I have you even more..gggggggrrrrrrrr!
Microsoft has launched an all-out offensive against Google Chromebook, enlisting History Channels Pawn Stars in a commercial highlighting the negatives of Chromebook.
Because Chromebook applications are web-based, when youre not connected, its pretty much a brick, Pawn Starss Rick Harrison jokes. A traditional PC utilizes built in applications like Office and iTunes that work, even when youre offline.
Harrison goes even further, pointing to the Chrome logo on the laptop and telling a female customer, You see this thingy that means its not a real laptop. It doesnt have Windows or Office and without WiFi, it doesnt do much at all.
He also warns the customer to not get Scroogled, aka Google monitoring youre activity online in order to sell ads.
Businesses like Microsoft using TV stars to aggressively target their competitors is an interesting strategyeven more interesting is whether competing TV networks might eventually start using social media to target their competition.
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11-28-2013, 10:09 AM #2Web Hosting Guru
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- Nov 2010
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I somehow think that Google deserved such criticism (although the ads is a bit over), just my opinion though. While I don't think Microsoft is doing as well as Google in certain areas, I started to leave Google's products since the day they admitted they do not respect Google users' privacy. I don't mind if they scan our emails to serve ads (because sometimes it does bring me to something interesting), but what Google said (i.e. public statement) is another thing, it made me feel like they really "don't care". And I think it's unavoidable in today's world companies are attacking each other so straight forwardly.
11-28-2013, 01:42 PM #3Retired ***ulator
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In a few years Microsoft will do the same thing, have most stuff cloud based.73's, Kim
Everything happens for a reason I make up.
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text:
Turkey: The Odd Bird Out
True or false?: Turkeys can't fly. Although these bulbous, feathered birds may appear a bit too awkward to take flight, turkeys can actually reach air speeds up to 55 mph when traveling short distances. And that's not the only impressive thing about this seemingly normal species. Turkeys can walk straight up a tree, reveal their gender through dietary differences in their feces, and even eat rocks to help them digest food in the wild. In fact, in North America there are six subspecies of wild turkey—can you guess which one the pilgrims ate? (It was the M. gallopavo silvestris). Today, these wild turkeys roam the same eastern areas of the U.S. and Canada as their ancestors.
When it comes to the common perception of turkeys, most of us could not be more mistaken. Learn more about these surprisingly incredible creatures here.
Check Out This Month's Most Popular Topic
from Animalist
Key Facts In This Video
When he returned to Spain after "discovering" the New Wold, Christopher Columbus brought along wild turkeys. (0:33)
"Turkey" is a shortened version of turkey fowl, a name that the birds received because they were raised by Turkish farmers. (1:03)
In 1614, English settlers had turkeys imported to Jamestown from England. (1:23)
from Planet Doc Full Documentaries


text: School Bulletin Board Board News Welcome to Loyola Home of the Warriors Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/loyolacss Attention Parents: Loyola CSS does not endorse the S-trip initiative. This is a student-run outside event with no teacher supervision. Youth Job Connection Agency Referral Form Service Provider Letter Information for Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board Parents Regarding School Bus Transportation Click Here Access to Office 365 on the cloud (login using your school login). (Click on logo) 2016-2017 School Year Calendar is now available CLICK HERE to view it. Our time Friendship Club Join us for fun, games movies and so much more. Meeting very other week in room 234 after new school. New Members are welcome! Information session to support the transition of children with differing abilities into Kindergarten 21/11/2016 On Wednesday, January 11, 2017 the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board's Special Education and Learning Services Department will host a Kindergarten entry planning and information session. Read More Bullying Awareness and Prevention Week 14/11/2016 Bullying Awareness and Prevention Week in Ontario schools runs from November 20-26. Read More Boundary Meeting for St. Daniel Comboni Elementary School 12/11/2016 An Open House is being held to present the proposed permanent boundary for St. Daniel Comboni, as well as the proposed host bounday. Read More 2017-18 Kindergarten Registration 09/11/2016 Kindergarten registration for the 2017-18 school year will be held at all Dufferin-Peel Catholic elementary schools in January. Read More 2017-2018 French Immersion Program Information Meetings 02/11/2016 The Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board will hold a series of public information meetings in Mississauga and Brampton for parents and guardians interested in enrolling their children in the board's French Immersion Program for the 2017-2018 school year. Read More Dufferin-Peel schools and students recognized by the Catholic Education Foundation of Ontario 01/11/2016 On October 29, at the Father Patrick Fogarty Awards Dinner the following Dufferin-Peel schools and students were recognized by the Catholic Education Foundation of Ontario: Read More Fr. Michael Goetz Secondary School to host Development and Peace Conference 26/10/2016 On November 1, from 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., Father Michael Goetz Secondary School in Mississauga will host its 10th Annual Development and Peace Conference for Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board secondary students. Read More Dufferin-Peel hosts Orientation Day for International Students October 7 05/10/2016 On October 7, the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board will hold an Orientation Day at the Mississauga Grand for International students currently attending our secondary schools. Read More Dufferin-Peel Catholic Secondary Schools to Hold Public Information Sessions for Grade 8 students and parents 04/10/2016 The Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board will hold a series of public information sessions for Grade 8 students and their parents/guardians interested in enrolling in a Dufferin-Peel Catholic secondary school for the 2017-18 school year. Read More DPCDSB to honour Dr. Andrew and Mrs. Joan Simone with its Catholic Award of Merit on September 27 23/09/2016 On Tuesday, September 27, the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board will honour Dr. Andrew and Mrs. Joan Simone, founders of the charity, Food for Children, with the board's Catholic Award of Merit. Read More EQAO results indicate Dufferin-Peel Catholic board students continue to demonstrate high achievement in literacy 21/09/2016 The Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) has released the results of the 2015-16 annual assessments completed in Grades 3, 6, 9 and 10. Read More More Board News


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SMILING FACES Trainees & Interns in MFT Program
Cause Areas
WhenIt's flexible! We'll work with your schedule.
Where1015 E. Chapman Ave Ste ASte AFullerton, CA 92831
Masters level students enrolled in a practicum are encouraged to join our active community clinics in Fullerton, Santa Ana, Orange, and Laguna Hills.
We provide excellent supervision and a variety of counseling experiences, including families and children and groups. Because of the extensive training experience we ask our volunteers to commit to one year of service. During this time you will be serving the community for 15-20 hours each week through group, individual, family and other clinical experiences. Supervision is on Tues or Thurs mornings.
FACES works with the Family Law and Juvenile Courts. The trainees learn the language of the courts, and read court orders and at times may be called on to testify in court for the cases. We conduct in home assesments, work with divorced parents and their children to bring about peaceful solutions for the sake of the child.
Two to four hours each week spent in outreach in the community and attendance at FACES fundraisers is required.
We look forward to meeting you! Please fill out the volunteer application and attach your resume to insure an interview soon!
- Psychology
- Counseling / Mental Health
- Crisis Counseling
- Mental Health
- Community Outreach
Good Match For
Requirements & Commitment
- Driver's License Needed
- Must be at least 21
- Orientation or Training
- 15 hours each week, for a one year commitment
- Ongoing training and workshops
More opportunities with FACES Inc.- Family Assessment, Counseling & Education Services
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Odoo Help
This community is for beginners and experts willing to share their Odoo knowledge. It's not a forum to discuss ideas, but a knowledge base of questions and their answers.
connect openerp client on windows to a server on Ubuntu
I have installed my server on ubuntu 12.04, and now i need that the computers in my network reaches to this server...
my server UBUNTU ---> WIndows 8 Openerp Client ^---Windows Vista Client
i need to know how can i connect them i try to put the IP form the server but it stills shows no possble connection or something like this.
Can you ping the server from the client ? Is there any firewalling between the hosts ? Maybe a Windows firewall ?
Yeap! ping correct, i use putty also, and works fine with the IP
You only have to use the IP. For example if you had installed your openerp in 8069 port.
On your server:
On windows:
Try with ping between computers and that your ports are accesible.
calling from windows (Chrome) i get the error 501 server does not support this operation. From the openerp-client in windows using the ip - dosen't shows the database.
Your Answer
Please try to give a substantial answer. If you wanted to comment on the question or answer, just use the commenting tool. Please remember that you can always revise your answers - no need to answer the same question twice. Also, please don't forget to vote - it really helps to select the best questions and answers!
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|Asked: 8/28/13, 10:30 AM
|Seen: 2743 times
|Last updated: 3/16/15, 8:10 AM


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caw4 Review
I love this lounge cushion!
I am very pleased with my purchase. I wanted a chaise cushion that would be attractive, comfortable, and affordable. The cushion I received is a warm beige that matches perfectly the other elements of my outdoor "room." It is really comfortable, neither too soft nor too firm. It bounces back after being sat upon so it always looks really nice. My favorite feature is its stain-resistant fabric. I stilled a red beverage on it and it cleaned up beautifully!
- Did the color match the color displayed onsite? The color was even richer and deeper than in the color displayed.
- How is the quality of the product? I thought the cushion was a bit pricey but the cost was well worth it. The cushion is thick and moderately firm; perfect for an outdoor chaise.
- Did the description onsite accurately describe the product? Yes. The cover is stain-repellent, a feature that I wanted.
Was This Review Helpful?


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On the contact configuration within Theme Options, there is a label "Follow the steps in our docs to get your key", but in the documentation has not anything about get the keys. On the documentation only talk about the possibility of using the captcha.
its not clear to understand or is a lack of completed documentation.
thank you
Daniel Niero
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4,100KM Locally Driven with No Accidents. One Owner with Warranty Until 2021. F Sport Series 2 with Navigation, Sunroof, 255HP 3.5L V6, AWD. Driven by a Lexus of Kelowna employee, this 2016 Lexus IS 300 has been driven a mere 4,100 original KMs without accident. As such, this vehicle is still extensively covered under Lexus factory warranty until December of 2019 or 80,000KMs. Powertrain coverage extends until December of 2021 or 110,000KMs. Configured with the F Sport Series 2 package and AWD drivetrain, the original MSRP on this vehicle was just over $50,000. Save thousands compared to new on this stunning, one owner, locally driven Lexus IS 300! Included is the complimentary 8,000KM service at a Lexus dealership and the first oil change is not even due until 16,000KMs as per Lexus scheduled maintenance. Notable options include heated and cooled seating, heated leather steering, navigation, rear view camera, blind spot monitoring, Bluetooth, USB & AUX in, steering wheel audio controls, dual zone climate control, keyless entry with push button start, and much much more. We offer tailored financing and accept all local and out town trade ins. For more on this pristine 2016 Lexus IS 300, call or email our Sales Deparment today.
For this vehicle based on mileage, region and options.
This graph compares the vehicle to the average market price for a 2016 Lexus IS in your area based on recent listings on autoTRADER.ca. It is intended only as a guide. Factors such as vehicle condition can affect prices.
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Black Matter Gameplay Tips and Strategies
- App name: Black Matter
- Developer: Herp Games
- Genre: Strategy
- Release: Jan 8, 2010
Let's play Black Matter on iOS. In this part of the walkthrough, you will learn more tips and tricks while playing the Black Matter game on the iPhone.
Gameplay Walkthrough
This page contains Black Matter video walkthroughs for iOS (iPhone/iPad) called "s literally" and has been uploaded on Admin official channel at Nov 8, 2014.
Still need help with this level? Here you can ask questions and discuss with other Black Matter users.
Hit like if this helped you!
Stuck on some levels in Black Matter? This walkthrough can help you finish the game.


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April 4, 2012
You may remember her from 'Lizzie McGuire,' 'A Cinderella Story,' or 'Cheaper by the Dozen,' but Hilary Duff isn't a kid anymore. The 24-year-old former Disney Channel star is now married and a mother.
Take a look at Hilary's life, in her post-'Lizzie McGuire' years.
-Emily Keck


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"Arenal Hanging Bridges" Arenal Region Tip by frank_delargy
Arenal Region, Costa Rica: 12 reviews and 26 photos
On the end of Lake Arenal, nearest the volcano is a new tourist attraction, the hanging bridges. There are 14 bridges (6 hanging) that span the valleys up to 197 feet (60 mt) high and about 320 feet (100 mt) long.
It really is a walk though the jungle of about 2 miles and it has some fantastic views of the volcano and of course the jungle.
There was one bridge that had collapsed just before we arrived, so we needed to take a detour that felt very much like bushwhacking. I don't know if they ever fixed that bridge.
Price: $20.00 each Children under 12 years admitted free.
Open 7am-4pm.
Guided night tour available at 7 pm
Address: about 4 miles north of Tabacon Springs
othercontact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: (506) 253-5080
Website: http://www.hangingbridges.com/
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Wannes Van de Velde
~ Person
An alias is an alternate name for an entity. They typically contain common mispellings or variations of the name and are also used to improve search results. View the alias documentation for more details.
Wannes Van de Velde has no aliases.
Artist credits
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|Hans de Booij & Wannes Van de Velde
|Wannes Van De Velde
|Wannes Van de Velde
|Wannes Van de Velde & Hans de Booy


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Uses of GBIF in scientific research
For all researches, please visit our "Peer-reviewed publications" page.
List of publications
Brown K, Farris Z, Yesuf G, Gerber B, Rasambainarivo F, Karpanty S et al. (2016)
Modeling co-occurrence between toxic prey and naïve predators in an incipient invasion
Biodiversity and Conservation 1-19.
Biological invasions can represent important threats to endemic species, including those within the invaders' food webs. The Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) was introduced to Madagascar in 2011. This introduction presents a potentially dangerous prey item to a relatively naïve, highly diverse endemic carnivore fauna. Using a multivariate niche modeling approach (background test), we assessed the predicted niche overlap between D. melanostictus and six endemic carnivores in eastern Madagascar. The overlap between this potential prey and predators was assessed on four environmental niche axes: temperature, precipitation, vegetation cover and elevation. Our results showed a mixture of niche overlap and divergence between D. melanostictus and the six carnivores for environmental axes tested. There was significant overlap with five of the carnivores on temperature and NDVI axes. On the precipitation axis, there was significant overlap between D. melanostictus with two species. Our results suggested that wide-ranging, locally rare carnivores may overlap extensively with D. melanostictus. The six carnivores that inhabit the eastern rainforest of Madagascar will likely share multiple, niche axes with this novel potential prey item. Species that eat the non-native common toad and are susceptible to its toxins are at conservation risk because their populations may not be robust enough to adapt quickly to this threat. We advocate closely monitoring these emerging interactions and suggest a preemptive conservation strategy for carnivores potentially at risk.
Keywords: Asian common toad, Background test, Carnivores, Ecological niche models, Invasive alien species, Madagascar
Cardinal-McTeague W, Sytsma K, Hall J (2016)
Biogeography and diversification of Brassicales: A 103million year tale
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
Brassicales is a diverse order perhaps most famous because it houses Brassicaceae and, its premier member, Arabidopsis thaliana. This widely distributed and species-rich lineage has been overlooked as a promising system to investigate patterns of disjunct distributions and diversification rates. We analyzed plastid and mitochondrial sequence data from five gene regions (>8000bp) across 150 taxa to: (1) produce a chronogram for major lineages in Brassicales, including Brassicaceae and Arabidopsis, based on greater taxon sampling across the order and previously overlooked fossil evidence, (2) examine biogeographical ancestral range estimations and disjunct distributions in BioGeoBEARS, and (3) determine where shifts in species diversification occur using BAMM. The evolution and radiation of the Brassicales began 103Mya and was linked to a series of inter-continental vicariant, long-distance dispersal, and land bridge migration events. North America appears to be a significant area for early stem lineages in the order. Shifts to Australia then African are evident at nodes near the core Brassicales, which diverged 68.5Mya (HPD=75.6–62.0). This estimated age combined with fossil evidence, indicates that some New World clades embedded amongst Old World relatives (e.g., New World capparoids) are the result of different long distance dispersal events, whereas others may be best explained by land bridge migration (e.g., Forchhammeria). Based on these analyses, the Brassicaceae crown group diverged in Europe/Northern Africa in the Eocene, circa 43.4Mya (HPD=46.6–40.3) and Arabidopsis separated from close congeners circa 10.4Mya. These ages fall between divergent dates that were previously published, suggesting we are slowly converging on a robust age estimate for the family. Three significant shifts in species diversification are observed in the order: (1) 58Mya at the crown of Capparaceae, Cleomaceae and Brassicaceae, (2) 38Mya at the crown of Resedaceae+Stixis clade, and (3) 21Mya at the crown of the tribes Brassiceae and Sisymbrieae within Brassicaceae.
Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, BAMM, BEAST, BioGeoBEARS, Brassicaceae, Cleomaceae, K–Pg extinction event, Pierid butterflies, Species diversification, Whole genome duplication
Cheek M, Semple J (2016)
First official record of naturalised populations of Solidago altissima L. var. pluricephala M.C. Johnst. (Asteraceae: Astereae) in Africa
South African Journal of Botany 105 333-336.
Solidago altissima var. pluricephala is recorded for the first time as naturalised in Africa, with two populations detected in South Africa. One 0.5ha population has been found near Harding and another of 403 shoots near Hilton, both in KwaZulu-Natal. A projected species distribution model for South Africa indicates that the grassland biome is the most at risk from invasion by this species. These plants are most likely garden escapees although we are uncertain how widely they are cultivated in South Africa.
Keywords: Distribution model, Golden rods, Grasslands, Invasive species, Ornamental plants
Dunne J, Maschner H, Betts M, Huntly N, Russell R, Williams R et al. (2016)
The roles and impacts of human hunter-gatherers in North Pacific marine food webs.
Scientific reports 6 21179.
There is a nearly 10,000-year history of human presence in the western Gulf of Alaska, but little understanding of how human foragers integrated into and impacted ecosystems through their roles as hunter-gatherers. We present two highly resolved intertidal and nearshore food webs for the Sanak Archipelago in the eastern Aleutian Islands and use them to compare trophic roles of prehistoric humans to other species. We find that the native Aleut people played distinctive roles as super-generalist and highly-omnivorous consumers closely connected to other species. Although the human population was positioned to have strong effects, arrival and presence of Aleut people in the Sanak Archipelago does not appear associated with long-term extinctions. We simulated food web dynamics to explore to what degree introducing a species with trophic roles like those of an Aleut forager, and allowing for variable strong feeding to reflect use of hunting technology, is likely to trigger extinctions. Potential extinctions decreased when an invading omnivorous super-generalist consumer focused strong feeding on decreasing fractions of its possible resources. This study presents the first assessment of the structural roles of humans as consumers within complex ecological networks, and potential impacts of those roles and feeding behavior on associated extinctions.
Keywords: Distribution model, Golden rods, Grasslands, Invasive species, Ornamental plants
Fournier A, Sullivan A, Bump J, Perkins M, Shieldcastle M, King S (2016)
Combining citizen science species distribution models and stable isotopes reveals migratory connectivity in the secretive Virginia rail
Journal of Applied Ecology.
Stable hydrogen isotope (δD) methods for tracking animal movement are widely used yet often produce low resolution assignments. Incorporating prior knowledge of abundance, distribution or movement patterns can ameliorate this limitation, but data are lacking for most species. We demonstrate how observations reported by citizen scientists can be used to develop robust estimates of species distributions and to constrain δD assignments. We developed a Bayesian framework to refine isotopic estimates of migrant animal origins conditional on species distribution models constructed from citizen scientist observations. To illustrate this approach, we analysed the migratory connectivity of the Virginia rail Rallus limicola, a secretive and declining migratory game bird in North America. Citizen science observations enabled both estimation of sampling bias and construction of bias-corrected species distribution models. Conditioning δD assignments on these species distribution models yielded comparably high-resolution assignments. Most Virginia rails wintering across five Gulf Coast sites spent the previous summer near the Great Lakes, although a considerable minority originated from the Chesapeake Bay watershed or Prairie Pothole region of North Dakota. Conversely, the majority of migrating Virginia rails from a site in the Great Lakes most likely spent the previous winter on the Gulf Coast between Texas and Louisiana. Synthesis and applications. In this analysis, Virginia rail migratory connectivity does not fully correspond to the administrative flyways used to manage migratory birds. This example demonstrates that with the increasing availability of citizen science data to create species distribution models, our framework can produce high-resolution estimates of migratory connectivity for many animals, including cryptic species. Empirical evidence of links between seasonal habitats will help enable effective habitat management, hunting quotas and population monitoring and also highlight critical knowledge gaps.
Keywords: Bayesian, Virginia rail Rallus limicola, citizen science, dDanimalorigins, eBird, feathers, hydrogen isotopes, migration, migratory connectivity, species distribution model
Frishkoff L, Karp D, Flanders J, Zook J, Hadly E, Daily G et al. (2016)
Climate change and habitat conversion favour the same species
Ecology Letters 19(9) 1081-1090.
Land-use change and climate change are driving a global biodiversity crisis. Yet, how species' responses to climate change are correlated with their responses to land-use change is poorly understood. Here, we assess the linkages between climate and land-use change on birds in Neotropical forest and agriculture. Across > 300 species, we show that affiliation with drier climates is associated with an ability to persist in and colonise agriculture. Further, species shift their habitat use along a precipitation gradient: species prefer forest in drier regions, but use agriculture more in wetter zones. Finally, forest-dependent species that avoid agriculture are most likely to experience decreases in habitable range size if current drying trends in the Neotropics continue as predicted. This linkage suggests a synergy between the primary drivers of biodiversity loss. Because they favour the same species, climate and land-use change will likely homogenise biodiversity more severely than otherwise anticipated.
Keywords: Anthropocene, bird, climate niche, countryside biogeography, deforestation, habitat conversion, homogenisation.
Hattab T, Leprieur F, Lasram F, Gravel D, Loc'h F, Albouy C (2016)
Forecasting fine-scale changes in the food-web structure of coastal marine communities under climate change
Climate change is inducing deep modifications in local communities worldwide as a consequence of individualistic species range shifts. Understanding how complex interaction networks will be reorganized under climate change represents a major challenge in the fields of ecology and biogeography. However, forecasting the potential effects of climate change on local communities, and more particularly on food-web structure, requires the consideration of highly structuring processes, such as trophic interactions. A major breakthrough is therefore expected by combining predictive models integrating habitat selection processes, the physiological limits of marine species and their trophic interactions. In this study, we forecasted the potential impacts of climate change on the local food-web structure of the highly threatened Gulf of Gabes ecosystem located in the south of the Mediterranean Sea. We coupled the climatic envelope and habitat models to an allometric niche food web model, hence taking into account the different processes acting at regional (climate) and local scales (habitat selection and trophic interactions). Our projections under the A2 climate change scenario showed that future food webs would be composed of smaller species with fewer links, resulting in a decrease of connectance, generality, vulnerability and mean trophic level of communities and an increase of the average path length, which may have large consequences on ecosystem functioning. The unified framework presented here, by connecting food-web ecology, biogeography and seascape ecology, allows the exploration of spatial aspects of interspecific interactions under climate change and improves our current understanding of climate change impacts on local marine food webs.
Keywords: Anthropocene, bird, climate niche, countryside biogeography, deforestation, habitat conversion, homogenisation.
Keller B, de Vos J, Schmidt-Lebuhn A, Thomson J, Conti E (2016)
Both morph- and species-dependent asymmetries affect reproductive barriers between heterostylous species
Ecology and Evolution 6(17) 6223-6244.
The interaction between floral traits and reproductive isolation is crucial to explaining the extraordinary diversity of angiosperms. Heterostyly, a complex floral polymorphism that optimizes outcrossing, evolved repeatedly and has been shown to accelerate diversification in primroses, yet its potential influence on isolating mechanisms remains unexplored. Furthermore, the relative contribution of pre- versus postmating barriers to reproductive isolation is still debated. No experimental study has yet evaluated the possible effects of heterostyly on pre- and postmating reproductive mechanisms. We quantify multiple reproductive barriers between the heterostylous Primula elatior (oxlip) and P. vulgaris (primrose), which readily hybridize when co-occurring, and test whether traits of heterostyly contribute to reproductive barriers in unique ways. We find that premating isolation is key for both species, while postmating isolation is considerable only for P. vulgaris; ecogeographic isolation is crucial for both species, while phenological, seed developmental, and hybrid sterility barriers are also important in P. vulgaris, implicating sympatrically higher gene flow into P. elatior. We document for the first time that, in addition to the aforementioned species-dependent asymmetries, morph-dependent asymmetries affect reproductive barriers between heterostylous species. Indeed, the interspecific decrease of reciprocity between high sexual organs of complementary floral morphs limits interspecific pollen transfer from anthers of short-styled flowers to stigmas of long-styled flowers, while higher reciprocity between low sexual organs favors introgression over isolation from anthers of long-styled flowers to stigmas of short-styled flowers. Finally, intramorph incompatibility persists across species boundaries, but is weakened in long-styled flowers of P. elatior, opening a possible backdoor to gene flow through intramorph pollen transfer between species. Therefore, patterns of gene flow across species boundaries are likely affected by floral morph composition of adjacent populations. To summarize, our study highlights the general importance of premating isolation and newly illustrates that both morph- and species-dependent asymmetries shape boundaries between heterostylous species.
Keywords: Diversification, Primula elatior (oxlip), Primula vulgaris (primrose), floral heteromorphism, heterostyly, hybridization, mechanical isolation, morph-dependent asymmetry, reciprocal herkogamy, speciation, species-dependent asymmetry
Lee-Yaw J, Kharouba H, Bontrager M, Mahony C, Csergő A, Noreen A et al. (2016)
A synthesis of transplant experiments and ecological niche models suggests that range limits are often niche limits
Ecology Letters.
Global change has made it important to understand the factors that shape species' distributions. Central to this area of research is the question of whether species' range limits primarily reflect the distribution of suitable habitat (i.e. niche limits) or arise as a result of dispersal limitation. Over-the-edge transplant experiments and ecological niche models are commonly used to address this question, yet few studies have taken advantage of a combined approach for inferring the causes of range limits. Here, we synthesise results from existing transplant experiments with new information on the predicted suitability of sites based on niche models. We found that individual performance and habitat suitability independently decline beyond range limits across multiple species. Furthermore, inferences from transplant experiments and niche models were generally concordant within species, with 31 out of 40 cases fully supporting the hypothesis that range limits are niche limits. These results suggest that range limits are often niche limits and that the factors constraining species' ranges operate at scales detectable by both transplant experiments and niche models. In light of these findings, we outline an integrative framework for addressing the causes of range limits in individual species.
Keywords: Abiotic constraints, climate, dispersal limitation, fitness, geographical distribution, over the edge transplant, species distribution modelling
Moyes C, Shearer F, Huang Z, Wiebe A, Gibson H, Nijman V et al. (2016)
Predicting the geographical distributions of the macaque hosts and mosquito vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in forested and non-forested areas.
Parasites & vectors 9(1) 242.
BACKGROUND: Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic pathogen, transmitted among macaques and to humans by anopheline mosquitoes. Information on P. knowlesi malaria is lacking in most regions so the first step to understand the geographical distribution of disease risk is to define the distributions of the reservoir and vector species. METHODS: We used macaque and mosquito species presence data, background data that captured sampling bias in the presence data, a boosted regression tree model and environmental datasets, including annual data for land classes, to predict the distributions of each vector and host species. We then compared the predicted distribution of each species with cover of each land class. RESULTS: Fine-scale distribution maps were generated for three macaque host species (Macaca fascicularis, M. nemestrina and M. leonina) and two mosquito vector complexes (the Dirus Complex and the Leucosphyrus Complex). The Leucosphyrus Complex was predicted to occur in areas with disturbed, but not intact, forest cover (> 60 % tree cover) whereas the Dirus Complex was predicted to occur in areas with 10-100 % tree cover as well as vegetation mosaics and cropland. Of the macaque species, M. nemestrina was mainly predicted to occur in forested areas whereas M. fascicularis was predicted to occur in vegetation mosaics, cropland, wetland and urban areas in addition to forested areas. CONCLUSIONS: The predicted M. fascicularis distribution encompassed a wide range of habitats where humans are found. This is of most significance in the northern part of its range where members of the Dirus Complex are the main P. knowlesi vectors because these mosquitoes were also predicted to occur in a wider range of habitats. Our results support the hypothesis that conversion of intact forest into disturbed forest (for example plantations or timber concessions), or the creation of vegetation mosaics, will increase the probability that members of the Leucosphyrus Complex occur at these locations, as well as bringing humans into these areas. An explicit analysis of disease risk itself using infection data is required to explore this further. The species distributions generated here can now be included in future analyses of P. knowlesi infection risk.
Keywords: Entomology, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Tropical Medicine


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Innovators Hall of Fame: "Quiz: How Innovative Are You?"
"Could you be the next Michael Dell or Donna Dubinsky? This quiz from the firm Eureka! Ranch will help you find out by testing the way your mind works. Eureka! Ranch is a company of professional inventors who provide invention and research services. "


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The 185th Air Refueling Wing
2920 Headquarters Ave
Sioux City, Iowa 51111
History of The Iowa National Guard
The concept of the Citizen-Soldier emerges as the shopkeepers, fishermen, and farmers took up arms to defend the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Salem, Massachusetts in 1636 as Colonial Organized Militia. They also fought alongside the King's regulars in King William's War (1689-97), Queen Anne's War (1701-13), King George's War (1744-48) and the French and Indian War (1745-63).
The National Guard has grown into an integral part of today's military, with units all over the country filled with citizen-soldiers protecting American Freedom. Guard units can look back over a long, proud history. Whether it's the 182nd Infantry Regiment of the Massachusetts National Guard that can trace its ancestry back to the Colonial Organized Militia of 1636, or the 185th Air Refueling Wing that traces its lineage back to the 386th Fighter Squadron in 1943, each unit has a rich, deep history.
The 185th Air Refueling Wing of the Iowa Air National Guard is located in America's heartland at Sioux Gateway Airport/Colonel Bud Day Field in Sioux City, Iowa.
The unit was established in December 1946. The Army Air Force's 386th Fighter Squadron was activated in 1943 and flew P-47 Thunderbolts. This unit was inactivated in 1945, re-designated the 174th Ftr Sq (FS) and allocated to the Iowa National Guard on May 24, 1946. On December 2nd of that same year, the 174th was extended Federal recognition and equipped with P-51 Mustangs. The 174th is still the flying squadron at the 185th Air Refueling Wing. The initial component of the unit included 9 rated officers, 7 non-rated officers, and 46 enlisted members for a total of 62 members. Today, the 185th consists of nearly 1,000 traditional and full-time military members as well as over 300 air technicians and state contract employees.
The 174th flew the P-51 "Mustang" for three years. In 1949-50, the unit received its first jet, the F-84B "Thunderjet." The squadron was called to active duty on April 1, 1951 for service during the Korean conflict and moved to Dow AFB, Bangor, Maine. Most jet pilots transferred to USAF units in Europe and the Far East and the squadron was re-equipped with the F-51D. The unit finished their tour and was transferred back to state control on December 31, 1952. In July 1953, the unit converted from the F-51D to the Lockheed F-80C "Shooting Star."
In 1955, the 174th FS was re-designated the 174th Fighter Interceptor Squadron and was transitioned to the F-84E "Thunderstreak." As a component of the 132nd Fighter Interceptor Wing, the unit won the ANG Gunnery Meet. They also placed third in the USAF Fighter Weapons meet that year. For their accomplishments, the 174th was awarded the Spaatz Trophy as the most outstanding Air National Guard squadron in the nation in 1956. The accolades did not stop there as the unit also was awarded the Wing Flying Safety trophy that year as well.
In 1958, the unit changed aircraft and its primary mission, becoming the 174th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron and flying the RF84F "Thunderflash." As a reconnaissance unit, the 174th was awarded the top "Operational Readiness Reconnaissance Unit" in the nation in 1960. In 1961, the unit was re-designated the 174th Tactical Fighter Squadron and converted to flying the F-100C "Super Sabre."
On October 1, 1962, the unit was reorganized and re-designated as the 185th Tactical Fighter Group, nearly doubling the authorized personnel to over 800 officers and airmen. This era would also mark the longest continuous period of flying one aircraft. The 185th flew the F-100 from 1961 until 1977, a period of 16 years.
On January 26, 1968, the 185th was recalled to active Federal service as a result of the "Pueblo Crisis." The 174th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the 185th, augmented by many of the other personnel from the Group, deployed with their F-100s to Phu Cat, Vietnam on May 11, 1968. During the course of the next 90 days, the balance of the 185th was deployed to six military bases in Korea and several others within the continental United States.
During their year in Vietnam, the 174th flew 6,539 combat sorties totaling 11,359 hours of combat time. One pilot was killed in action and two airmen were killed on active duty. The unit was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation and the Air Force Outstanding Unit award. Individually, its members were awarded 12 silver stars, 35 distinguished flying crosses, 30 bronze stars, 115 commendation medals, 325 air medals, and 1 purple heart. On May 28, 1969 the personnel and aircraft recalled with the 185th were returned to Sioux City and released from active duty. In addition, the 174th Fighter Squadron won the Outstanding Unit award with a designation of valor.
Vietnam also spawned our nickname "The Bats". The "Bat" depicted on the tails of the aircraft and the shoulder patch of the pilots became a legendary symbol of the 185th when the 174th Tactical Fighter Squadron was called to active duty in Vietnam. "Bat" was the call sign of the 174th, and the "Bats" became renowned for their outstanding performance. Day or night, the members of the 174th could be counted on to do the job.
The 185th converted to the A-7D "Corsair" in 1977. While flying the A-7s, the unit won the Spaatz trophy for the second time in 1990, recognizing them as the best Air Guard unit in the country. The Unit also was awarded the Air Force Outstanding Unit award five times – 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, and 1991. In addition, the 185th Logistics Group is a two-time winner of the Daedalian Trophy which recognizes the best maintenance team in the ANG. In 1989, the unit won the 12th Air Force A-7 gunnery meet for the second time, and the 185th received the Gunsmoke A-7 Maintenance Team Award for its aircraft.
National attention focused on the unit in 1989 when United Airlines Flight 232, flown by a crew led by Captain Al Haynes, was forced to crash land at the Sioux City Airport. With its key role in the crash recovery and rescue of survivors in the crash, the 185th was credited with helping save numerous lives and showed the nation the true heart of Siouxland and the unit.
On December 19, 1991, the 185th received its first F-16s. The 185th Tactical Fighter Group was re-designated the 185th Fighter Group on March 16, 1992, and was rated operational on April 15th of that year. As the Air Guard standardized its structure, the 185th was designated the 185th Fighter Wing. The F-16 "Fighting Falcon" would be the last single-seat fighter jet that the unit would fly before the conversion to KC135 tankers in 2003.
The 185th continues to be an award-winning unit. In 1994, the unit picked up the Winston P. Wilson Award as well as the Air Force Association Outstanding Air National Guard Unit Award. In 1999, Congress appropriated $6.5 million dollars for the Air National Guard Aircraft Paint Facility located on base. The facility at the 185th has become top-notch, reflecting the quality of work that has been synonymous with the unit for over 50 years.
Beginning with our active duty foundation during World War II, the involvement in Korea and Vietnam, and our present day missions, which include Operation Provide Comfort, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom, the 185th has always had a history of stepping up to the task. With deployments to Korea, Vietnam, Panama, Curacao, Belgium, Turkey, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Denmark, Iraq, England, Italy, Germany, and within the United States, the 185th has consistently been the tip of the sword, leading the way.
Following Desert Storm, the 185th combined forces with the 114th FW Sioux Falls, SD, and the 140th FW Denver, CO, during Operation Provide Comfort in Incirlik, Turkey to provide the necessary relief for active duty forces during Christmas of 1994. This first ever rainbow deployment was so successful it marked the beginning of the transformation of the Air Force to the Expeditionary Air Force with 10 Air Expeditionary Wings.
As we vault into the twenty-first century, the 185th will be converting to a different type of aircraft. For the first time in its 56-year history, the unit will not be flying single seat fighter jets, but will be flying KC-135 refueling tankers. The 185th embraces the challenge of an exciting new role. As an award-winning unit over half a century old, the 185th Air Refueling Wing will continue to reflect the excellence of our past as we perform new real-world missions.
Lieutenant Colonel Morgan Harrison
Major Allen Orr
Major Robert Ruby
Major Rollin Batten Jr.
Colonel Donald Forney
Colonel Warren Nelson
Colonel Dudley Smidt
Colonel Gerald Swartzbaugh
Colonel Dennis Swanstrom
Colonel V. Thomas Considine
Colonel John Janson
December 1946 – September 1947
September 1947 – August 1948
August 1948 – February 1952
February 1952 – December 1952
January 1953 – April 1976
April 1976 – May 1980
May 1980 – October 1983
October 1983 – October 1987
October 1987 – December 1998
December 1998 – August 2001
August 2001 - Present
Privacy Statement
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- Build your wardrobe with this classic brown t shirt from Yepme. With round neckline and attractive print on the front, it is a striking addition to your t shirt collection. Cut for a regular fit, it will perfectly complement black chinos and canvas shoes.
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We are located in the quite, safe and beautiful Willow Glen/Dry Creek neighborhood. We provide a pleasant and homelike atmosphere and loving and personalized care and assistance to our residents. Our professional staff is dedicated to caring for residents in pursuing their happiness and self-esteem, and maintaining their dignity through proper nutrition, motivation and outstanding supportive care. Our caregivers are trained to be respectful, understanding and compassionate in the treatment of residents.
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Dark Chocolate Mousse Cake for Passover and Year Round
Total Time
Prep 15 mins
Cook 35 mins
This is from an ad in Gourmet for Green and Black's Chocolate. It is for chocolate lovers worldwide.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 dark chocolate candy bars (70%)
- 1 1⁄2 cups sugar
- 1⁄2 cup margarine or 1⁄2 cup unsalted butter, plus
- 2 tablespoons margarine or 2 tablespoons unsalted butter
- 5 large eggs, beaten lightly
- 1 tablespoon ground almonds
- 1 pinch sea salt
- confectioners' sugar (optional)
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees.
- Spray a 8 inch round pan with oil.
- Melt the chocolate with sugar and margarine or butter in a metal bowl set over simmering water, whisking until smooth.
- Whisk the eggs with the gound almonds and salt, then fold into the chocolate mixture.
- Pour batter into pan and bake until tooth pick comes out clean, about 35-40 minutes.
- Dust with sugar or serve with whip cream.


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Press the "Settings" icon on the home screen and click the "Wi-Fi" option to enter the list of available networks.
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Click the blue arrow next to the network you are having trouble connecting to and click the "Forget this Network" button at the top of the screen.
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Turn the internal Wi-Fi antennae off by sliding the button under the "Wi-Fi" heading in the "Wi-Fi Networks" menu from "ON" to "OFF."
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Connect to the Wi-Fi network and carefully enter the WEP/WPA passkey, if necessary.
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Open Safari or some other Internet-based iPhone application and verify that the phone navigates with no problems.


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Mail-in absentee voting is underway in Wisconsin, but officials are seeing mistakes on many voters' ballots.
Absentee voters are required to have a witness present when they fill out and submit the forms. And new changes to absentee voting require an address for the voter's witness, but people are consistently missing the information on their forms.
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Finally I'm in the game! Thank you for the invitation @Silas Mächler and a sunny hello to everyone!
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What was your source for this knitting project? Online Photo or Website Name of website or photo Autumn Newborn Headband Link to website or photo www.etsy.com/listing/80428162/autumn-newborn-headband-knitting-pattern What advice would you give someone starting this project? It really isn't that difficult, if you are comfortable working on double pointed needles. One tip, I have, when working with this yarn, is to be flexible, when working with it, to allow it's true beauty to come out!
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Hi, my name is Brandy. I am a short hair gray and tan tortoiseshell with beautiful bright green eyes. I am getting along with all of the kitties I live with at the Last Hope Adoption Center, but I would really to live on my own with a human. I love being held and cuddling. I really really like it when people scratch under my chin. I enjoy soaking up sunshine in front of a window and hope to do so in my very own house soon. I am spayed, up to date on vaccines and micro chipped.
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English: An air-to-air view of an Aerospatiale SA.330J Puma helicopter operated by the West German Bundesgrenzschutz (BGS, border patrol). The castle in the background is "Burg Hanstein", which was (then) located on an extreme tip of East Germany (German Democratic Republic), with the German-German border running between the Puma helicopter and the castle. After the German unification in 1990 this part of Germany became (again) the State of Thüringen (Thuringia). In 2005 the BGS was renamed "Bundespolizei" (Federal Police).
Deutsch: Ein Aerospatiale SA.330J Puma Helikopter des Westdeutschen (Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) Bundesgrenzschutz. Die Burg im Hintergrund ist die "Burg Hanstein", die sich damals in Ostdeutschland (Deutsche Demokratischen Republik, DDR) befand. Die deutsch-deutsche Grenze befindet sich also irgendwo zwischen der Flugbahn des Helikopters und der Burg. Nach der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands wurde dieser Teil Deutschlands Teil von Thüringen, 2005 wurde der Bundesgrenzschutz in Bundespolizei umbenannt.
|27 June 1985
|U.S. defenseimagery.mil photo no DF-ST-86-11920
|Photographer: SSgt. Fernando Serna, USAF
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