text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 7, 2011
|Filing date
|Jan 5, 2009
|Priority date
|Jun 10, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|James A. AMOS, Clark Carty
|Original Assignee
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (27), Referenced by (1), Classifications (12), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/865,545 that was filed on Jun. 10, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,499,423.
The present invention relates generally to wireless networks and more particularly to a system and method for accurately locating a client among access points in a wireless network.
Wireless networks in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 and 802.3 standards typically make no use of access point location information. For example, one pulse measure technique, referred to as time domain reflectometry, for use in cable and connection testing in association with Gigabit Ethernet physical interface cards has been documented. However, time domain reflectometry is merely used to measure cable length, or to measure the cable length to a cable break. No attempt is made to locate access points or to use the length information to distribute a synchronized clock through the network.
Time difference of arrival techniques are generally known for locating a radio in a wireless network. Time difference of arrival techniques require at least three receive points in the network to locate a radio. Moreover, to accurately locate a radio in a network using a time difference of arrival technique, two additional requirements must also be met. The first requirement is that the relative locations of the access points must known, and the second requirement is that a common, precise time reference must be shared by the access points. These two additional requirements follow for a wireless local area network.
Once the relative locations are known and a time reference is shared, the following procedure allows for locating a radio or a client. First, the client for which the location is desired transmits a packet. Each access point receives and records the packet, time stamping the packet using the time reference. Each recorded packet is then post processed to identify precisely when the packet arrived with respect to the start of the record. The offset of the arrival, plus the time stamp, is when the packet arrived at a respective access point. The arrival times for each access point are then compared with the access point locations, and the location of the client that transmitted the packet is calculated using known algorithms relating to a circle.
Unfortunately, wireless networks in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 and 802.3 standards typically lack sufficient clock correlation in the switch and the access points to allow for accurately locating a client. For example, network time protocols or simple network time protocols generally allow for a variation of 1 microsecond (μsec) in timing. 1 μsec translates to propagation distance of approximately 983 feet (ft.), or the variation or degree of accuracy one can expect in the location of a client should such a protocol be used to locate a client. Thus, 1 μsec of variation in the synchronization of network entities is too long a period of time to allow for accurately locating a client in a wireless network.
One approach to locating a radio in a wireless network is to make use of received signal strength indicator information. Generally, switches and access points have and use received signal strength indicator signals. Received signal strength indicator signals are voltage signals indicative of received signal strength or power, and are commonly used to control gain. Received signal strength indicator information is also generally available over the network.
However, the use of received signal strength indicator information does not allow for accurately locating a client in a wireless network. For example, the output power of client radios is known to vary substantially from one radio to the next. Variations of 3 decibels (dB), or half the output power, are not uncommon. Thus, two radios in the same location having different output powers results in two different received signal strength indicator voltages. Consequently, two different locations for each client are arrived at, even though the radios are located in the same place. Therefore, due to radio output power variations, received signal strength indicator information does not allow for accurately locating a client in a wireless network.
Thus, there exists a need for distributing a precise time reference to network entities in a wireless network. Moreover, there exists a need for a system and method for locating a client in a wireless network.
The present invention provides a system and method for locating a client in a wireless network. The present innovation also provides distributing a precise time reference to network entities in a wireless network.
In accordance with the present invention there is disclosed a method for synchronizing clocks in a wireless network. The method includes determining the distance from a clock source, receiving a time synchronization packet having a time stamp indicative of the time the packet was sent, and adjusting a clock based on the time synchronization packet and the distance from the clock source.
Further in accordance with the present invention there is disclosed a method for determining location in a wireless network having at least three access points. The method includes determining the relative position of at least three access points in the network and distributing a clock to synchronize clocking in the access points. The method further includes receiving a packet from a client at each of the three access points, oversampling a correlation of the packet at each access point, and obtaining a correlation peak for the packet at each access point. The relative positions of the access points are then adjusted using the correlation peaks, and represent three coplanar points.
Further yet in accordance with the present invention, there is disclosed a system for locating a client in a wireless network. The system includes at least three access points. Each access point is adapted wirelessly communicate with a client having a location using packeted data, be placed in wired data communication within a selected data network, and to share a common precise time reference using the selected data network. The system further includes a switch adapted to translate the relative position of the three access points based on a shared common precise time reference and to calculate the location of the client based on a transmission from the client.
In one aspect of the present system, an Ethernet switch includes a precision clock. The precision clock is electrically coupled to physical interface cards in the switch. This is so that a single clock is used to generate all of the packets sent to and from the switch, giving the packets a common base frequency. This also so that all packets being sent to and from the switch are based on a common clock.
In another aspect of the present system, a physical interface cards includes time domain reflectometry circuitry. Time domain reflectometry circuitry is used to determine the length of cable between a physical interface card and an associated access point.
In yet another aspect of the present system, a high frequency clock is used to increase location accuracy, and in another aspect of the present invention, a periodic timing synchronization pulse packet is used for sharing a common precise time reference. In accordance with another aspect, the present invention oversamples the correlation of the packets.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a time difference of arrival technique is used to calculate the location of a radio or client in the wireless network.
By virtue of the foregoing, there is thus provided a system and method for locating a client in a wireless network. Moreover, a precise time reference is distributed to network entities in a wireless network.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following description wherein there is shown and described a preferred embodiment of this invention, simply by way of illustration of one of the best modes suited for to carry out the invention. As it will be realized, the invention is capable of other different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious aspects all without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawing and descriptions will be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with a general description of the invention given above, and the detailed description given below, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.
With reference to
Coherent clock system 10 is defined by Ethernet switch 12 and at least three access points 14 a-c. An unlimited number of additional access points can also be included and is represented by the letter "N" at reference numeral 14 n. As also shown, access points 14 a-n are coupled to Ethernet switch 12 through respective Ethernet cables 16 a-n. Ethernet cables 16 a-n can be category five (CAT-5) cables that contain three or four twisted pairs of conductors.
Ethernet switch 12 includes switch hardware 18 that functions to provide connectivity between clients of the wireless network using packeted data. Ethernet switch 12 further includes a number of respective Ethernet media access cards 20 a-n and a number of respective physical interface cards 22 a-n for access points 14 a-n. Physical interface cards 22 a-n include time sync packet generation as will be described hereinafter.
In this embodiment 10, Ethernet media access cards 20 a-n and physical interface cards 22 a-n are constructed on the same substrate or circuit board as indicated at reference numerals 24 a-n. In other embodiments, corresponding Ethernet media access cards 20 a-n and physical interface cards 22 a-n can be constructed on separate respective circuit boards.
As also shown, physical interface cards 22 a-n are electrically coupled to access points 14 a-n and Ethernet media access cards 20 a-n, respectively. Ethernet media access cards 20 a-n are also electrically coupled to switch hardware 18. Thus, coherent clock system 10 appears similar to a standard 802.3 wireless network.
However, in contrast to a standard 802.3 wireless network and in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, Ethernet switch 12 further includes a precision clock 26. The term "precision clock" as used herein refers to a clock that allows location of a radio in a wireless network to a desired accuracy. Precision clock 26 is electrically coupled to each physical interface card 20 a-n in Ethernet switch 12. This is so that a single clock, e.g., precision clock 26, can be used to generate packets, giving the packets a common base frequency. This also means that packets being sent to and from Ethernet switch 12 can be based on a common clock or, more specifically, precision clock 26. The distribution of a precision clock will be discussed in more detail hereinafter.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the distribution of precision clock 26 is not a requirement. In the alternative, each access point 14 a-n could have its own precision clock, the respective clocks being synchronized. However, the distribution of precision clock 26 in the manner described herein helps mitigate costs on access point 14 a-n hardware and facilitates the use of existing or legacy access points. Moreover, including a precision clock in a switch allows a manufacturer of switches to provide additional features associated with the use of a common precise time reference shared by network entities in a wireless network, such as accurately locating a client in the network, without requiring a network provider to use any one particular type of access point.
Referring now to
Physical interface card 30 also includes hardware that provides functions typically found in a standard physical interface card. For instance, physical interface card 30 includes a transmit data path 32 and a receive data path 34. More specifically, transmit data path 32 comprises output buffer and digital to analog converter (D/A) 36, transformer 38, and RJ-45 connector 40. Similarly, receive data path 34 comprises RJ-45 connector 40, transformer 42, and input buffer and analog to digital converter (A/D) 44. Transmit data path 32 further includes an interface 46 used for interfacing with an Ethernet media access card and transmit functions 48 including time synchronization packet generation, while receive data path 34 further includes digital signal processing (DSP) filtering 50 including a timing recovery equalizer, Ethernet data recovery, descrambler and synchronization packet detector 52, and interface 46. Transmit and receive data paths 32, 34 make use of twisted pairs of conductors in category five (CAT-5) cable 54, that is coupled to RJ-45 connector 40, and that, in turn, couples to an access point (not shown).
In accordance with other aspects of the present invention, physical interface card 30 includes additional functions over a standard physical interface card, realized through clock recovery circuitry. In accordance with one aspect, clock recovery circuitry includes time domain reflectometry functionality.
To provide time domain reflectometry functionality, clock recovery circuitry generally comprises pulse generator 56, pulse detector 58, and control state machine 60. Pulse generator 56 and pulse detector 58 are electrically coupled to control state machine 60. Control state machine 60 actuates or "fires off" pulse generator 56 and detects pulse measurements in differences of time, e.g., delta time, from pulse detector 58. Control state machine 60 is electrically coupled to phase locked lopped (PLL) clock generator 62 for clocking and time sync generator 64 for synchronization. Digital signal processing filtering 50 including a timing recovery equalizer is also electrically coupled to phase locked lopped (PLL) clock generator 62.
Pulse generator 56 and pulse detector 58 advantageously make use of one of the unused pairs of twisted pairs in cable 54. Thus, pulse measurement path 66 comprises transformer 68, RJ-45 connector 40, and cable 54. The unterminated nature of the unused pair allows a pulse to be sent down the cable and reflected back, thereby allowing the travel time of the pulse to be measured, as well as the phase delay. The use of unterminated pairs of conductors proximate to an access point further allows the determination of the relative locations of access points in a wireless network.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that in other embodiments, terminated pairs of conductors may be used without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Such use depends on the characteristic impedance of the termination at the pulse frequency, and that, if appropriate, a reflection of the pulse will still be achieved despite the termination, thereby allowing measurement.
A standard physical interface card typically utilizes a 125 Megahertz (MHz) phase locked loop for clock generation. However, 125 MHz is too low a frequency for purposes of measuring the pulse trip time down cable 54. For example, in free space, 2 nanoseconds (nS) of delay represents 1 foot (ft.) of distance traveled for radio frequency (RF) energy. In contrast, 125 MHz translates to a distance of approximately 8 ft. Thus, the frequency of the clock used to measure the pulse timing limits the ability to accurately measure client location in a wireless network; and, hence, a much higher frequency clock is generally desirable.
A 500 MHz clock provides client location resolution or accuracy within 1 ft. 1 ft. is generally thought to provide sufficiently accurate location of a client in a WLAN, while striking a compromise in the ease of generating a clock. Thus, for purposes of illustration, a 500 MHz clock will be used, and phase locked loop clock generator 62 includes a phase locked loop that produces a 500 MHz clock. The 500 MHz clock is electrically coupled to control state machine 60, as well as to circuitry external to physical interface card 30.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that in other embodiments, higher frequency clocks can be used if desired, and that the present invention is not limited to any particular clock frequency.
Referring to
Referring now to
802.11 physical interface card 82 uses a high resolution clock 90, e.g., precision clock 26 shown and described in conjunction with
Typical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) packet correlation is not done at a sufficiently high clock rate to allow for accurately locating a client in a wireless network. For example, if a control state machine in an 802.11 physical interface card runs at 20 MHz, then the correlation peak in the receiver will be on a 20 MHz boundary. A 20 MHz boundary correlates to a location accuracy within approximately 50 ft. However, since a channel is typically sampled at 40 MHz, the correlation of packets processed with a linear interpolator in the 802.11 physical interface card increases the location accuracy and correlates to a location accuracy within approximately 25 ft. Thus, the accuracy of packet correlation using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and complementary code keying (CCK) waveforms is the limiting factor in accurately locating a client in a wireless network. Therefore, and in accordance with one aspect, the present invention achieves additional location accuracy by additional oversampling of the correlation of the long symbol.
Further, once the position of the correlation peak of the long symbol is found, a time stamp is generated for the packet. This time stamp is then forwarded to the network entity that is responsible for the location calculations, e.g., switch hardware 18 shown in
Referring now to
As previously described, the relative locations of AP1 (102), AP2 (104), and AP3 (106) have been determined. Knowing the relative locations of AP1 (102), AP2 (104), and AP3 (106), the distances between the access points can be calculated. For example, the distance between AP1 (102) and AP2 (104) is indicated at reference numeral 110 and denoted as D12. Similarly, the distances between AP2 (104) and AP3 (106) and AP1 (102) and AP3 (106) are indicated at reference numerals 112 and 114 and denoted as D23 and D13, respectively.
As also previously described, AP1 (102), AP2 (104), and AP3 (106) shared a common, precise time reference. Further, client 108 transmits packeted data, e.g., a long symbol. Based on the shared time reference, the time for the packeted data to reach AP1 (102), AP2 (104), and AP3 (106) is indicated at reference numerals 116, 118, and 120 and denoted by T1, T2, and T3, respectively.
Knowing the relative locations of AP1 (102), AP2 (104), and AP3 (106) and the times T1 (116), T2 (118), T3 (120) for the packeted data to reach each AP1 (102), AP2 (104), AP3 (106), the relative locations of the AP1 (102), AP2 (104), and AP3 (106) are adjusted or translated based on the differences in times T1 (116), T2 (118), T3 (120). Such translations are shown in dashed line at reference numerals 122, 124, and 126 and denoted as AP1′, AP2′, and AP3′, respectively.
Once the relative locations of AP1 (102), AP2 (104), and AP3 (106) have been translated, AP1′ (122), AP2′ (124), and AP3′ (126) represent three coplanar points. These three points define a circle 128. The equation describing circle 128 has a center which coincides with the relative location of client 108.
In view of the foregoing structural and functional features described above, methodologies in accordance with various aspects of the present invention will be better appreciated with reference to
Referring now to
Referring now to
By virtue of the foregoing, a precise time reference is distributed to network entities in a wireless network. Moreover, there is thus provided a system and method for accurately locating a client in a wireless network.
While the present system has been illustrated by the description of embodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. It will be understood that the invention is applicable to any network using packeted data. Moreover, such a network makes use of a wide variety of cabling, some of which is unterminated and some of which is terminated. Further, the invention is not limited to any particular clock frequency and higher relative clock frequencies are used to provide additional client location accuracy. Therefore, the invention, in its broader aspects, is not limited to the specific details, the representative apparatus, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the applicant's general inventive concept.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text: I've been having lots of problems with Sip-Voip. It never connects to the server on my internet connection at home. I recently brought my ipod touch to an different internet spot and tried it out there. It worked fine. So my question is how is the internet supposed to be set up in order for this to work? I have all the details and everything to enter in the app but when I click connect to sip-server it just stays as connecting... It immediately went from connecting to connected at the other internet source. So I don't know what to do. Is there another way to enter in the Voip information to get it to work?? thanks

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Last night a friend had her birthday. We went out for a night on the town. I quickly became bored with the usual jukebox. (Some man-hater was playing the same three Alanis Morissette songs over and over and over). I hadn't seen a live band in a while…so I suggest we head down to a different bar down the street.
The band was actually made up of some friends of mine. Every guy in the band had been to the studio before at one time or another. They actually sounded good and played well. (This is a fairly rare thing in my neck of the woods).
The band was not earth shatteringly loud. They weren't knocking people over with volume or anything like that. Normally, I'd consider their volume to be about right in the bar they were in.
The only problem was I didn't come to the bar by myself. (I don't think I've ever been to a bar by myself). I came with 5 or 6 friends. Because I was "Brandon in hang out with friends mode" and not "Brandon in music mode" or "Brandon in live sound man mode" I had a TOTALLY unique perspective.
Knock That Volume Down
I have no doubt that if the volume would have been several notches lower where I could still actually communicate without sign language, we would have stayed at the bar. Basically, the band, who I would have gladly stayed for, had created an environment where we were not able to do what we set out to do….socialize.
Is The "Product" Broken?
Most bands probably don't look at it this way, but if people want to communicate or socialize and your band is too loud, the "product" is broken. If the aim is to have a conversation, trying to talk in a loud bar is no different than trying to talk on a cell phone with no service.
Think About Your Real Fans
Of course, I'm not necessarily saying that a band SHOULD turn down. I'm not saying that at all. I'm just bringing up the point that you are going to be alienating a certain percentage of the population with a show that is too loud for people to hang out and have fun in.
It's totally possible that your real fans would be disappointed by a quiet show. Then again, I've done a little testing on this myself and the crowd seemed to be dancing either way.
Technical Considerations
Of course, from a live sound standpoint, if the PA is turned down, the sound from the stage is relatively louder. In most cases, this means the natural sound of the drums is going to be more prominent. In some genres, this is considered to be a bad thing.
With a real drum kit, there is a bare minimum level the band can go. In small rooms, it's going to be loud. That's just the way it is.
Just be aware that you could be alienating "would be" fans by playing so loud that people can't even communicate. Then again, I'm just an audio recording guy.


text:
Place Card Tombstone 1Item #: 13493
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Place Card Tombstone 1
The ideal table decoration for any occasion! Use these upright-standing beige little tombstones with the skull on top as place cards and write your guests' names on them or pin them on if the place cards are meant to be used several times! The tombstones are made of polyfoam and measure 18cm x 14,5cm.Also available in the designs Place Card Tombstone 2 and Hair and Body Spray UV Green


text: Shipoopi, in case you would like to know, is named after a song in "The Music Man". We lost our beloved Max and this little guy came into our lives via rescue. He was on the euthenize list at the local shelter with his momma and 8 siblings. He was placed to foster care and all of his family was adopted out. Lucky pup he is, he came to our house. Why? because they gave him the name Max originally at foster care. It was a sign and love at first site. We are so blessed and love him so much. He sleeps with us, eats with us, loves to walk, loves to sniff and discover. I think it was a match made in heaven.


text:
Pinterest でおしゃれアイデアをまとめましょう!
Animated Letters by Louis Mallart
fun lettering
k / monogram / letters / font / lowercase
Weekend lettering
This Artist Writes Inspiring Quotes, But It's How He Forms Each Letter That Makes Him Unique.
Jay Roeder – Drawing Letters
Letters by Allan Deas
Oh, how cool would it be to learn to letter? I think I can...and then I'll ink it with Japanese black. Or whatever that's called.


text:
- Worldwide Rank #3,740,776
- Follower/Following Ratio 2.2
- Daily New Followers 0
Mick Montgomery Twitter Stats
@mickmontgomery - Tracking Mick Montgomery Twitter profile since September 26, 2008
Content Creator, New Media Geek & Gamer! I like telling stories about awesome stuff! Lead Video Ops for @riotgames. My tweets are my own!
Mick Montgomery Tweets
@mickmontgomery has posted 907 tweets in the last 30 days, which translates to an average of 30.2 tweets per day.
Mick Montgomery Twitter Followers
@mickmontgomery has 1,653 followers on Twitter.
This account is #3,740,776 in the worldwide rank of the most popular Twitter users.
Mick Montgomery Following on Twitter
@mickmontgomery is following 751 Twitter accounts.
Last month this account stopped following 54 users.
Mick Montgomery Predictions & Milestones
@mickmontgomery will hit 1,655 followers in the next 3 months, and 1,660 in one year.
You are on Mick Montgomery's Twitter stats page
We track these Twitter stats since September 26, 2008 . You can see how many followers Mick Montgomery lost or gained and what the prediction is for tomorrow or the next 15 days, together with all kinds of other stats like rank compared to all Twitter users, tweets etc.
Why don't you give it a try and compare Mick Montgomery to yourself ? Or if you are Mick Montgomery get even more feature rich & up-to-date stats with our premium Twitter Stats.
Twitter Counter is the #1 Twitter stats site powered by Twitter. It all started in June 12, 2008 and we grew rather rapidly because of our Twitter Counter badge. The button is a nice small image that shows your visitors how many followers you have on Twitter. Within a year the button was on many many blogs around the world and we displayed more than 100 million buttons in one month. We track follower stats for over 180 million users now.


text: Pocket God Please Register or Log in to view images Category: Entertainment Company: Bolt Creative Version: 1.21 (iPhone OS 3.0 Tested) Rating: 9+ Price: $0.99 Pocket God is an entertainment app that allows you to take control of a small society (consisting of four characters that look alike but have different names) where you play the role of "GOD". Gameplay: Pocket God gives you the freedom to do what ever you want, when you want, and how you want. Depending on what kind of person you are you'll treat the little fellas like your kids. By allowing them to fish, take bathroom breaks, dance and many other interesting things. But if your a cruel and evil person you'll throw them into a volcano with a flick of your finger, pick them up and let them hover over the water while a huge shark comes and eats them alive or let there little blaters explode while waiting for someone to come out of the restroom, lucky for you, you can revive them by just tapping the "+" button. You can also control the weather and what time of day it would be. Please Register or Log in to view imagesPlease Register or Log in to view imagesPlease Register or Log in to view imagesPlease Register or Log in to view images Pocket God also allows you to play in two different islands. Please Register or Log in to view imagesPlease Register or Log in to view imagesPlease Register or Log in to view images Graphics & Audio: Pocket God has a very simple yet relaxing sound to it. It fits the app perfectly. The graphics are very nice to look at and are very smooth, I've never experienced Pocket God lag of crash when I was playing it. Final Thoughts: Pocket God is a great entertainment app to have on your iPod Touch or iPhone. It's simple yet imaginative style of playing allows the user to actually feel like there in control of what happens on that small little island. There are no restrictions to the game, the only one is your imagination and with over 20 chapters you'll find yourself with lots to do. Rating: Gameplay: 10 out of 10 (there are no complaints here, if you get bored it's because you have no imagination) Audio 9 out of 10 (Pocket God sounds great but a little more rhythm would of been better) Graphics: 9 out of 10 (Pocket God has great graphics but a it needs a little tweak here and there) Overall: 9 out of 10 (it's a great app to have in your apps list, for only $0.99 it's a great deal) Review brought to you by iSnooz


text:
961/963 EASTMAN LN, Fond Du Lac WI 54935 $189,900
Features of 961/963 EASTMAN LN Fond Du Lac WI 54935
- Multi-Family
- Status: Active
- Mailing City: Fond Du Lac
- County: Fond Du Lac
- Est. Square Footage: 1,440
- Garage Size: 1
- Lot Size: 100X169
- School Dist: Fond du Lac Sch Dist
- Property Taxes: $4,623
- Property Tax Year: 2015
- Listing Company: Adashun Jones, Inc.
- Price/SqFt: $131
Property Description for 961/963 EASTMAN LN Fond Du Lac WI 54935
961/963 EASTMAN LN Fond Du Lac WI 54935 - Affordable living or Investment opportunity! Very well maintained two bedroom, 1.5 bath quad level duplex. Spacious kitchen and living room with patio door walking out to great size back yard. Perfect of an investment or owner occupied. Total unit is 2,880 sq. feet.
Building and Construction
- Quad-Level
- Flooring: Carpet, Vinyl
- Construction Type: E
Land Features
- Waterfront/Access: N
|MLS Number
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|Sep 21 2015 3:23PM
|Jul 9 2015 12:22PM
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Buyer understands that the information which is contained on Data pages is obtained from a number of different sources and which has not been independently verified or confirmed by the various real estate brokers and agents who have been and are involved in this transaction. If any particular measurement or data element is important or material to buyer, Buyer assumes all responsibility and liability to research, verify and confirm said data element and measurement. REALTOR *MLS* Equal Housing Opportunity


text:
Dear Members & Friends of Islamabad Jeep Club
Alhamdo Lillah
After a break of so many months we all had a wonderful Offroading day out with old as well as new friends
Although we were expecting a big gathering but surprising it was much more than our expectations. 30 different 4x4s participated in a thrilling & adventurous event.
We assembled at Shell petrol pump near Islamabad Club at 2.00 pm & left for the tracks at 2.30 pm & left for the tracks at Bhara Kahu near Simly Dam
This track was new for most of us. Only Nadir , Asad & Spidy explored this two weeks back. ( Thank U )
Special thanx to Nadir for the tracks
Special thanx to Tendai ( IFRC ) & his team
Special thanx to Frontier Offroad Club members specially Asad Sethi
Special thanx to Burhan & Kashif
Special thanx to Moqeem & his friends from Germany
Special thanx to all the members of Islamabad Jeep Club
Special thanx to all the offroaders who came for the very first time
We are sure they must have enjoyed Offroading with Team IJC
As usual lots & lots of pictures & videos were taken which will be uploaded by our valued offroaders
All IJC Members
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text:
Confusing menu descriptions are putting diners off, says study
Who fancies a Peruvian farm-reared, shaolin-monk-blessed, fairy-dust-sprinkled shank of whats-a-mi-giblit? Anyone?
Via: Getty
Adding fancy descriptions to menus with the aim of enticing customers to spend more is not a new piece of restaurant trickery. It is, if used sparingly, an effective one – research from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign proved that evocative adjectives can raise food sales by 27%.
But it looks like this know-how has been adopted with a little too much zeal by the hospitality industry, as a new survey has shown that punters are being left annoyed by OTT descriptions.
The research, from restaurant booking site OpenTable found that 80% of people asked said menus can be "overly confusing" and lead to needing to ask waiters for help about what's what. Out of the 2,000 people surveyed, here are the 10 menu items diners found the most baffling.
1. Salmagundi
What is it?
Essentially a big salad that first originated in the 17th century made up of leaves, meat or fish, nuts and edible flowers, dressed in oil, vinegar and spices.
2. Buccan cooked meat
What is it?
The south American name for cooking meat on a wooden frame over fire. (A primitive barbecue, basically.)
3. Beignet
What is it?
A French term for a deep-fried piece of sugar-dusted choux pastry (stop salivating). Popular in New Orleans, hence a spate across recent menus due to eateries like street food truck Hank's Po' Boys making the deep south's food accessible.
4. Mirepoix
What is it?
Finely chopped onions, carrots and celery, used to add a flavour base for stews or soups.
5. Brunoise
What is it?
A load of chopped veg fried in butter – again, used as a base for dishes.
6. Chiffonade
What is it?
Leafy greens (like spinach) chopped into long, thin strips.
7. Gyro
What is it?
A Greek way of cooking rotisserie meat, usually wrapped up in a flatbread or pitta – a sort of posh kebab.
8. Veal hongroise
What is it?
Veal (naturally) in a creamy, paprika sauce.
9. Ceviche
What is it?
A Peruvian staple of raw fish "cooked" in citrus juices and chilli. Enjoying a moment thanks to Martin Morales's two London restaurants named for the dish, and Soho street-truck-turned-casual-joint, Señor Ceviche.
10. Lardo
What is it?
The layer of fat beneath a pig's skin, cured with rosemary and spices, AKA the best thing ever.
Got any other menu descriptions you find too much? Let us know on Twitter, @Homemade.
Like this? Then try these:
- These are the best kid's menus in the country
- Hilarious menu fails
- Michelin starred lunches you can actually afford
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text:
WESTRON: Blades Sharpening - Our Specialty!
Several thousand machines already running across Russia, as well as abroad. In Russian Federation every second sharpener man using our CBN wheels and PZSL sharpeners. We got nothing but praise from those who began to work with our machines. They all appreciated the opportunity have obtained a real good profit, not constant headache from its production, producing at peak performance sawmill, get only give good quality wood with no torn and wavy blades.
About 90% damage of bandsaw blade (blade torn) and wavy blade is a result of low quality blade sharpening and wiring.
1. Classical technology bandsaw blades preparing to work.
For high-quality sharpening and wiring teeth bandsaw on ordinary classical grinding machine through type machine and wiring in which the body of blade should be clamped between two parallel plates, needs highly sharpener. Work of this sharpener is expensive, and find such a person is very difficult, and often impossible, and the result is:
- necessary angles in the profile of the tooth is not met (pierce wrong), the cutting edges of the teeth are set on fire and rapidly blunted when cutting - saw sawing bad fast wave appears. Low productivity - low profitability. Loss of income, additional costs for reject;
- profile of each tooth is not fully pierce - in neprotochennyh places remain a point of tension, which, with pull saws, accelerated micro cracks which saw fast breaks. saw to cut the gap should not 10-20m ?, 60m ? and more sticks. Additional costs for saws.
- saw teeth wiring unevenly, with a large spread from the desired value, often unequal values on different sides of the saw - as a result of even a well sharpened saw wave appears. Additional costs for reject;
- Outcome of such cutting - low productivity, a lot of drinking and a lot of torn spoiled wave lumber, high costs and low profits.
2.Westron technology bandsaw blades preparing to work.
!!! Solved immediately 5 major problems:
- Do not look for highly sharpener - for grinding machine , in a single pass with a factory quality can sharpen a band saw virtually anyone without special skills and life-long learning , usually ramschik himself . Just enough to read the instructions . Sharpener performs all the work automatically cbn grinding disc. Borazon hardness is only slightly inferior to diamond , so the disc by turning all the time does not change its profile. It is disposable . For him it is not necessary to follow , it is not necessary to rule. Disk resource is 10km sharpened blade or work for about a year without replacement. Big savings on wages of highly qualified personnel!!!
- Bandsaws work 2-5 times longer, as the entire length of the saw is obtained with fully Rout and exactly the same profile of each tooth without burn marks, scratches, and microroughness, ie without stress points, which saw, by pulling on the pulleys accelerated torn. Big savings on saws!!!
- Sawmill can work on your swing performance , as all saw teeth now have exactly the same profile with the same front and rear corners and sharpened cutting edges. Properly sharpened saw sawing easier, faster and gives more accurate lumber. You can cut more timber, and save time and fuel - More Profits!!!
- At setter always guaranteed to quickly and accurately obtain a wiring sawtooth- necessarily the same on both sides of the saw , which provides cut without forming waves. Less waste - more profit!!!
- Timber obtained only good and excellent quality - a real big profits and a lack of basic problems!!!
Payback machines with 1-4 months (depending on workload). Next they bring only a net profit.
Our products:
You still tormented by the question: where to buy full- profile resin bonded grinding machine for band saw blades?
Then a few more words about the advantages of Westron. Please note that here you can always buy both machines for sharpening saws and most discs of different diameters may manufacture to order, custom made costumes!
Sharpening and setter and elborovye sharpening discs were designed and manufactured at our production. To sharpen the new technology profile cbn grinding disc must be in the sawtooth profile with accuracy of 0.01 - 0.02mm . If not provided with such precision drive will no longer grind and break (increase, change) each saw tooth , will get different angles , saw it would be difficult to cut , wave, and cbn grinding disk will rapidly lose its life. To fulfill such stringent requirements all machine components , including motor shafts should work with almost zero backlash. In the manufacture of machines to meet such stringent requirements on the loose, in our production uses several structural and technological know-how . All additional factory engines are altered by a special technology known only to us. All this does not allow the firm is trying to copy our machines to get the right quality sharpening and wiring . Cbn disk resource on such machines is 2-5 times less than ours, despite the fact that the price of the disc is about 10 % of the price of the machine. Buying a poorly made machine for 1-1.5 years because of the extra cost of additional cbn grinding discs for replacement accelerated wear the consumer actually has to pay a loss equal to the cost of another grinding machine. All products Westron Group enables possible to eliminate the human factor the quality of the result.
Westron Group - quality guarantee!
|Constant headache
|Maximum profit
Other manufacturers machines and equipment
Westron machines and equipment


text:
Danger UXB; The Heroic Story of the WWII Bomb Disposal Teams
OWEN, James
• Terms • Ask a Question
Place Published: London
Publisher: Little Brown
Date Published: 2010
Description: Illus. 8vo, black cloth, d.w. lightly soiled. (London): Little Brown, (2010).Edition: First
Jacket: Y
Binding: hardcover
Condition: very good
Language: English
Type: Books
Book ID: 247955
By This Author: OWEN, James
By This Publisher: Little Brown


text:
A multiwavelength comb is obtained from Er3+- and Nd3+-doped fiber lasers by incorporation of a section of multimode optical fiber into an otherwise single-mode fiber ring cavity. This combination of fiber types acts as a wavelength-dependent filter in the laser through spatial mode beating between the LP01 and LP11 modes in the multimode fiber.
© 1994 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article
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text:
The price for this vehicle as equipped does not include charges such as: License, Title, Registration Fees, State or Local Taxes, Finance Charges, Credit Investigation, Optional Credit Insurance, Physical Damage or Liability Insurance, Delivery Fees, or a negotiable $150 Documentary Fee. Any and all differences must be addressed prior to the sale of this vehicle.
Tinted glass
Body color front splitter, body color side scoops
Xenon Head Lamps
17" x 7.0" alloy wheels
Inflatable spare tire kit
Rear Spoiler
P225/45WR17 performance tires
Front mud guards
Intermittent windshield wiper
Black Meshes
Composite fiberglass body
Rear window
LED Tail Lamps
Dual body color side mirrors
Sculpted roof scoop
Rear Diffuser
Manual steering
Rear Wheel Drive
Uprated clutch plate & cover
Limited Slip Differential
Engine start button
Eibach coaxial coil springs & Bilstein mono-tube gas shock absorbers
AP Racing & Brembo calipers
6-Speed Manual Transmission
Front stabilizer bar
Lightweight Aluminum Chassis
1.8L DOHC MPFI 16-valve VVTL-i supercharged mid-mounted I4 engine -inc: launch control
Independent front & rear suspension w/unequal length wishbones
Lightweight steel rear sub-frame -inc: seat belt support structure
4-wheel vented cross-drilled disc brakes
Cloth sport front seats
Dual leather sun visors
Leather & cloth door trim
Floor Mats
Anti-Theft System w/ Immobilixer
Concealed Antenna
Air Conditioning
Leather-Wrapped Momo Sport Steering Wheel
Instrumentation -inc: high definition LCD message panel, customizable display options, progressive shift lights, tachometer
Keyless Entry
Rearview mirror
Aluminum Gear Shifter & Handbrake
Interior tailgate release
Alpine AM/FM stereo w/in-dash CD/MP3 player, (4) speakers
Power Locks
Daytime Running Lamps
4-Wheel Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)
Tire Pressure Monitoring
Dual seat belts w/pretensioners
Dual Front Airbags
Traction Control
Side guard door beams


text:
Azalea is trapped. Just when she should feel that everything is before her . . . beautiful gowns, dashing suitors, balls filled with dancing . . . it's taken away. All of it.
The Keeper understands. He's trapped, too, held for centuries within the walls of the palace. And so he extends an invitation.
Every night, Azalea and her eleven sisters may step through the enchanted passage in their room to dance in his silver forest.
But there is a cost.
The Keeper likes to keep things.
Azalea may not realize how tangled she is in his web until it is too late.
The curriculet is being added to your library
Ladies' Dance Pocketbook: Entwine
Before you read this novel, you should read the original fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm on which it is based. Follow the link below to find the text. Be prepared to answer questions relating to this reading throughout the novel. (This annotation contains a link)
Chapter 1
This is an example of a type of figurative language known as a simile. Watch the video below to learn more about similes and their cousin, metaphors. (This annotation contains a video)
Knowing something about an author can help you understand her writing. Check out the link below to find out more about Heather Dixon. What is her dance of choice? (This annotation contains a link)
The highlighted phrase is an example of
Saying that the illness had been "robbing a bit of her each day" is a use of personification. Watch the video below to learn more about this type of figurative language. (This annotation contains a video)
This background information about magic in the kingdom helps establish the setting for the novel.
What details from the text tell you that Azalea has a deep love for her mother?
"Stays" is an old-fashioned term for corset. They turned the torso into a stiff, inverted cone, raising and supporting the bust, and providing a solid foundation on which the garments draped. There were many varieties of stays, including ones with sleeves, as pictured below. (This annotation contains an image)
The highlighted phrase is an example of
What do you think just happened that caused Azalea to feel the cold prickles?
When Azalea barges into the library, what does the King's response tell you about him?
This is a funny way of saying "puzzle."
Chapter 2
Who is "he" that Azalea and Fairweller are speaking about?
The author's favorite waltz is the Viennese waltz. Listen to the traditional waltz music and see the traditional dance in the video below. (This annotation contains a video)
What does it tell you about Eve that she brought a book to read instead of spying on the ball?
We've only heard some of the sisters' names mentioned so far, but there will be twelve of them once the queen gives birth. They are named alphabetically for different flowers.
It's rather unexpected to hear of a royal household living on porridge and potatoes.
What details from her interaction with the gentleman tell you that Azalea is used to taking care of people?
What details does the author include to show the humor of the situation of the hungry hidden sisters?
Note how Lord Bradford is kind enough not to make trouble for Azalea and works to remove Lady Caversham from the situation.
The highlighted paragraph shows how the author is creating
A tree skirt is a circle of fabric used to cover the floor under a Christmas tree. (This annotation contains an image)
Why is it unusual for the King to be out riding?
Chapter 3
Note the contrast of the sparkling winter morning and Azalea's feelings of grief.
Why doesn't Azalea try to avoid the flying oranges?
"A jete" is a ballet term for a jump in which a dancer springs from one foot to land on the other with one leg extended outward from the body while in the air.
What details tell you that dance is important to the royal family?
Why would the King not want to see his daughters?
How does the Queen look different in death than she did in the few months prior?
Chapter 4
The first two paragraphs of this chapter really show how close a relationship all the sisters have.
Why does Azalea not want Fairweller to see her?
The highlighted phrase is a type of figurative language called hyperbole. Watch the video below to learn more. (This annotation contains a video)
Notice how the author uses dance as a metaphor for life.
There have been several references so far to the handkerchief bringing on a tingling sensation. These are examples of foreshadowing, where the author hints at what events might take place in the future.
Azalea says she'll watch out for all her sisters because
Why does Azalea feel a "giddiness in her chest"?
"R.B." is a shortening of the phrase "royal business." By using only the initials, Azalea is emphasizing the trivial nature of the King's excuse.
Why is Azalea's face hot?
This is an important piece of information for Azalea to have learned.
What does it mean that "Goldenrod's voice broke"?
It sounds like Bramble was expecting more of a fight from Lord Bradford.
Chapter 5
In the highlighted phrase, to what are the graveyard and people are being compared?
Consider all the changes Azalea has to deal with in a short amount of time. First, her mother dies and her father withdraws from the family, then the whole palace goes into mourning, and now her father is leaving for war. What qualities must Azalea have to be able to weather all those obstacles?
How does Azalea know her sisters are hiding close to her?
How do the girls use dancing in this situation?
Consider the King's recent demands for adherence to rules. Do you think he will say goodbye before he leaves?
Why does Azalea refuse to believe what Delphinium is telling her?
In side saddle riding, instead of sitting astride the horse with one leg on each side, both legs are hooked onto leather prongs extending out from one side of the saddle, as pictured below. (This annotation contains an image)
What evidence is there that the King does care about Azalea?
Chapter 6
How could Azalea's mother be talking if she's dead?
"Prima donna" is the Italian phrase for "first lady." However, its connotation is a person who thinks she or he is better than everyone else and who does not work well as part of a team or group.
What are the "tiny crescent scars" marking Azalea's palms from?
Watch the clip below to see what a line of people dancing the zingarella looks like. (This annotation contains a video)
What does Eve's response tell you about her?
The highlighted phrase is an example of what type of figurative language?
Chapter 7
What does Azalea hope the storage room is large enough to do?
Remember that the "DE" is the mark of the time when the kingdom was ruled by the insane High King of D'Eathe.
Skim through the Grimm fairy tale again, then answer the following question. (This annotation contains a link)
How is Azalea's method of opening the magic passage different from how it opens in "The Twelve Dancing Princesses"?
How did Azalea discover the magic passage in the first place?
Bramble uses the term "boot-blackened" to compare the draping of the palace in mourning black to the color of black shoe polish.
Why does Azalea suddenly want to leave?
The highlighted phrase is an example of what type of figurative language?
Note how impressed Azalea is with this stranger's appearance.
The highlighted personification means that Azalea
Notice how the gentleman treats the sisters. He makes them stop their flight by flooding each end of the bridge. What kind of person would do that?
The highlighted phrase is an example of which type of figurative language?
Chapter 8
Why do the girls react this way to the news that the gentleman was part of the High King D'Eathe's court?
Note the role of magic in the gentleman's predicament.
How did Azalea get this piece of paper in her pocket?
Why would Azalea not want to return to the pavilion?
Irony is the contrast between what is expected in a situation and what is really the case. What is ironic about Delphinium saying she feels like a princess in her dance slippers?
A schottische is a lively country dance that possibly originated in Bohemia. Watch the clip below to see how the steps are put together. (This annotation contains a video)
There have been many adaptations of "The Twelve Dancing Princesses" fairy tale. Watch the clip from a Barbie version below, then answer the following question. (This annotation contains a video)
How does the Barbie version of the first dance scene in the magic pavilion differ from the dance scene of this story?
The conversation among the sisters is evidence of
Chapter 9
Notice how the girls have already decided to keep their dancing a secret from the rest of the household.
Visit the webpage below for a step-by-step guide to performing your own Soul's Curtsy. (This annotation contains a link)
The highlighted phrase describing Mr. Keeper is
There is an etiquette to using a fan, as well as a secret language to the movements, as explained in the video below. (This annotation contains a video)
To this point, how is this version of the fairy tale different from the original?
What effect does Mr. Keeper have on Azalea?
Based on his interview, you can infer that Lord Haftenravenscher is a(n) ________ person.
Chapter 10
Note the passing of time. The Queen died close to the start of the new year, and it's now late August.
To whom is Bramble referring when she asks "Anyone...at all?"
This is the traditional method for killing vampires. You can hear Bramble's sarcasm in her response.
Why does Fairweller call the royal family "interesting"?
Can you predict who this gentleman is?
Why did the King lock away all of the queen's belongings?
Why would Lord Teddie want a picture of the queen?
When Flora and Goldenrod look at Azalea "with bright eyes," it means they are
Note the clues that Azalea's unexpected behavior is making her sisters upset.
Part One
Chapter 11
Though he doesn't say it out loud, you can tell that the King has missed his daughters.
Although he's been at war for months and hasn't seen or heard from his daughters in all that time, the King's response to their arrival at breakfast shows that he
A bayonet is a long spear attached to the end of a gun, as pictured below. It would be used when fighting in close contact. (This annotation contains an image)
What clue does the King give that he's trying not to lose his temper with his daughters?
It is obvious that even if she doesn't see it, Azalea shares some of her temperament with her father.
What is humorous about Bramble's shouting?
Why do the girls all feel this tingly sensation?
What caused this sound?
Delphinium fainted!
Chapter 12
Have you ever done something just because you were told not to?
The author comparing the Keeper's voice to chocolate is an example of
The highlighted words are Latin conjugations meaning something close to "promise" or "treaty."
Why is the highlighted phrase important? Cite evidence from the text to support your response.
Why do you think the King is so adamant that nothing good will come of dancing?
Calling in the doctor shows what about the King?
Note Azalea's reaction. Instead of feeling joyful that her father gave in, she feels lost. What might that signify?
Chapter 13
Whose grave does the weeping angel stand guard over?
Are these rules actually written down somewhere?
Why does Bramble dislike Lord Bradford?
Why is Azalea embarrassed by Bramble's note?
What does Lord Bradford's reaction to being kicked under the table tell you about him?
Notice how the author again uses humor to liven up the story and keep the reader engaged.
Why does Lord Bradford think that Azalea is really Bramble?
Chapter 14
A "glissando" is a rapid movement up or down the pitches of a scale. Listen to the clip below for one example. (This annotation contains a video)
The highlighted phrase is an example of
Note how the author is describing the smooth, mellow tones of the Keeper's voice.
Why would the Keeper save this shocking detail until the very end?
How can you tell that Flora and Goldenrod were scared by Mr. Keeper's story?
What does the comparison of Keeper to a spider tell us about him? Cite evidence from the text to support your response.
Now we know why the girls have been losing their possessions.
Azalea's response is an indication of what central idea?
Bramble's indignant response adds humor to the story.
What does Clover's confession tell you about her?
Note that the money in this world is named after the girls' ancestor, Harold the First.
In this scene with the sword, the author uses ___________ to move the plot along.
How is this ad in the paper similar to what happened in the original Grimms fairy tale? How is it different?
Now we can see the result of the King's musing.
Chapter 15
Why does Mr. Hyette's face fall when he sees Azalea?
What does the conversation with Azalea tell you about Mr. Hyette?
Notice how the girls' attitudes towards their father are slowly changing.
Once again, Azalea turns to _________ to make her sisters feel better.
How do you think the King will react?
Chapter 16
Why are the girls hunting for the sugar teeth?
Mr. Oswald doesn't sound too concerned with solving the riddle of where the girls are dancing.
What is Azalea trying to do by taking Mr. Penbrook into the lilac bushes?
What is humorous about Mr. Penbook's reappearance?
Of whom is Azalea thinking?
What do you think Keeper will do once he's free? He is magical, after all.
In the original Grimm's fairy tale, if the suitors didn't solve the riddle, they were _________, not just thrown out.
How could Fairweller have known?
The highlighted phrase means that
Did you expect Fairweller to return?
Chapter 17
Why don't the girls tell the King about Viscount Duquette?
"Cutting in" is an old-fashioned term that means to interrupt two people who are dancing in order to dance with one of them.
The author compares Azalea's anger to a(n)
Note how Azalea cleverly plays on Lord Howley's arrogance to get rid of him.
The highlighted phrase is an example of
The author uses many creative onomatopoeias throughout the novel. An onomatopoeia is a word that represents a sound.
Could this be the beginning of a future together for Azalea and Lord Bradford? She hasn't told him, yet, that she's not Bramble.
When Azalea says "'I'm an icicle,'" that is an example of
Chapter 18
Do you think Keeper would ever agree to this arrangement?
What details from the text tell you that Hollyhock enjoyed her ride?
To what night is the King referring?
Jet is a type of gemstone formed by decaying wood under extreme pressure. You can see a sample brooch made of jet below. (This annotation contains an image)
Why does Azalea think the King wants his daughters to call him "Papa"?
Notice how the author slows down to tell each detail of Keeper's interaction with Azalea. This is a way to create suspense.
Which phrase from the highlighted section is not an example of figurative language?
How does this rhyme fit the situation between Keeper and the girls?
Here we see more evidence of the growing conflict between Azalea and Keeper. Who will win in the end?
A jackal has a short pointy snout with large ears atop its head, as pictured below. (This annotation contains an image)
What could Keeper mean by this threat?
What danger does Azalea face during the dance?
Do you think this is a magic trick by Keeper or is this really Mother?
Who is Keeper? Cite evidence from the text to support your response.
Chapter 19
Even though she's been through a traumatic experience, Azalea immediately sets out to cover up the damage and protect her sisters.
The highlighted phrase is an example of
It's interesting to note that Lord Teddie has made a reappearance, and he seems to care what Bramble thinks of him.
Treacle is a blend of molasses, sugar and corn syrup.
What detail tells you that Bramble might care what Lord Teddie thinks of her?
Bramble might also be trying to talk herself out of liking Lord Teddie.
Why didn't Azalea eat all day?
Make a prediction. How will the King react to Clover's story?
The highlighted phrase is an example of which type of figurative language?
What do you think Azalea plans to do with the sword?
For whom is Azalea looking in the kitchen and library?
Chapter 20
Notice how the King broke his own rules and gave food to Azalea.
The conversation between Azalea and her father focuses on what central idea or theme?
Since Azalea feels the flicker of this magic when she dances, what does that tell you about the importance of dance?
The highlighted phrase is an example of
Azalea realizes that Keeper is forcing her to choose between saving her mother or her father.
What kinds of things does Lord Teddie do to get in Bramble's good graces?
Lord Teddie does a good job breaking the tension of the situation.
Part Two
Chapter 21
Why does Azalea cling so tightly to the silver handkerchief?
Note the abrupt change of scene from being with Keeper to dreaming about Mother.
How does Azalea continue to protect her sisters?
The highlighted phrase is an example of which type of figurative language?
This is the second time that Lord Bradford has been in the right place at the right time to care for Azalea.
How are Lord Bradford and the King similar?
Do you have any predictions of who Fairweller's love could be?
Lord Bradford still thinks that Azalea is
Why does Lord Bradford's answer cause such a reaction in Azalea?
What details in the highlighted paragraph show the tension between Lord Bradford and Azalea?
Finally she tells him! What might Lord Bradford be thinking at this point?
What is the King in the habit of doing when he is displeased?
Why would Bramble react this way?
What details show that Bramble is unhappy?
Who do you think the lady is?
The highlighted phrase is an example of which type of figurative language?
Chapter 22
Azalea's reaction shows that she is
It is interesting to hear some of Fairweller's back story from Clover's perspective.
What elements of Clover's personality are revealed in her confession of love to her sister?
What should Lord Teddie have done to catch Bramble's attention?
What detail tells you the King is not going to share good news?
The unnamed, warm flicker of magic is no match for the oath on silver the girls took.
Comparing Lord Bradford's eyes to cinnamon bread shows that Azalea finds him
Note how the highlighted phrase is capitalized, signifying that it's an official activity.
Which of the following phrases from the highlighted passage is an example of a metaphor?
In proper society, ladies would not dance with an unknown man unless they had been introduced, probably by a mutual acquaintance.
Chapter 23
Why are Azalea's sisters acting this way?
Why do you think the girls made a schedule for Lord Bradford's visit?
What does Bramble mean by her remark?
Here we see how dance serves to propel the plot, in this case the relationship between Azalea and Lord Bradford.
The highlighted phrase is an example of
Why is Azalea surprised that Lord Bradford likes to polka?
Review the original fairy tale at the link below, and then answer the following question. (This annotation contains a link)
In this scene, as the girls are descending through the magic passage, what similarities are there to the original fairy tale?
Note that at this point, Azalea, Bramble and Clover are all of age to attend balls.
Why does the author use this particular comparison to describe Keeper's behavior? What tone does it convey to the reader?
What could have caused Keeper to move that way?
Chapter 24
The highlighted phrase is an example of what type of figurative language?
Here is another example of the author using dance as a metaphor for Azalea's situation.
Describe two ways Azalea's opinion of Mr. Bradford has changed since she saw him at the Yuletide ball.
Do you think the King really will be able to help?
What detail tells us that Azalea is in a good mood?
To "ask for someone's hand" means you want to
Does it sound like Bramble to purposely go against her father's wishes?
What does Azalea hope to do when she finds Lord Teddie's steward?
This is quite the complication. Now Azalea has no way to try to "un-magic" Keeper.
Chapter 25
What does it mean that "blackness faded in on her"?
Why would Azalea flee to the fireplace in such a hurry?
Do you think this is really Azalea's mother? How could she return from the dead?
What was the piece of silver that had to be destroyed for Keeper to get his freedom?
Now we know that Keeper uses people's belongings to take on their appearance. How might he use all the items he's taken from the girls?
What problem does Azalea have now that she burned the silver handkerchief?
Note how something is very different in this version of Azalea's dream of her mother.
How has Azalea's attitude toward the King changed in the past year?
Somehow the magic allowed Mother to help Azalea out of her no-win situation.
Chapter 26
Why is Azalea unable to find her way to the library or ballroom?
It's interesting that not all the magic items in the palace are out to get Azalea. The rug and candle have been helpful.
What will happen to the girls if they're not released from the mirrors?
What else could Azalea do besides follow Keeper's direction?
What type of figurative language is used in the highlighted phrase?
Rope tassels are the decorative cords used to tie back curtains, as pictured below. (This annotation contains an image)
Chapter 27
How did Azalea know it was her father under the wraith cloak?
The horses and riders who smashed through the windows are struggling to throw off the velvet curtains covering them.
What does the author mean by saying "she had enough Bramble in her"?
Their secret love is out in the open now. What will the King do?
What does Keeper hope will happen if Azalea cries out?
The next chapter or two should be the climax of the story where we find out who will win the conflict between Keeper and Azalea.
Chapter 28
How is Keeper able to pass himself off as Azalea?
How does Keeper try to distract the family from taking the gun away?
How will they figure out who the real Azalea is?
How does the King know that Captain Bradford is holding the imposter?
The little candle is ready to help again!
Why does the King drop the pistol?
Did you expect Keeper to just disintegrate like this?
The highlighted phrase is an example of
What happened to the King? What was that warm rush that all the girls felt?
Chapter 29
Why would the King hurt Fairweller?
Remember that it's been a year since the girls have worn anything but mourning black.
What does Azalea's plan to stay in mourning tell us about her?
This silent communication between the King and Azalea tells us that they both know magic was involved in healing the King.
How has Azalea fulfilled the promise to her mother to take care of her whole family?
It sounds like the family is on their way to healing after the Queen's death.
Bramble's refusal to accept what she sees as charity is evidence that she is
Note the return of humor. Can you picture this scene in your head?
Why does Clover dash away when she sees the pistols?
We can infer that the King made a deal with Fairweller to wait until Clover turns seventeen before pursuing marriage.
Chapter 30
Why would Azalea be so upset to hear Clover and Bramble discussing men?
Remember that this was Lord Bradford's response to becoming King.
What is the pile of soot on the landing?
The image below is a sample of what a cravat would look like. (This annotation contains an image)
What happened to Mother's handkerchief?
The sisters are all spying, as usual, but there is one unusual addition--the King!
How does the ending of this story differ from the original fairy tale? Cite evidence from both texts to support your response.
Review the fairy tale at the link below, then answer the following question. (This annotation contains a link)
Part Three
If you enjoyed this story, you might like other novels based on fairy tales. Check out the following titles: "Wicked," by Gregory Maguire, "Into the Woods" by Stephen Sondheim, and "Ella Enchanted" by Gail Carson Levine.


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Fused Glass Holiday Bracelet
By: Jeanne Baruth for Diamond Tech
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Create a holiday bracelet with real sparkle by fusing dichroic and sheet glass. Each bead is unique, making beautiful bracelets for yourself or a gift.
- Fuseworks™ Kiln
- Fuseworks™ Kiln paper
- Fuseworks™ Gun Metal Link Bracelet
- Fuseworks™ Clear Dichroic Glass
- Fuseworks™ Black Sheet Glass
- Fuseworks™ Hot Mitts
- E6000 or other glass glue
- Glass cutter
- Ruler
- Marker
- Paper towels
- Glass cleaner
Step 1:
Measure and mark the following glass sheets: Black Sheet Glass – eleven 3/8" X 3/8" Clear Dichroic – eleven 3/8" X 3/8"
Step 2
Using a glass cutter, cut glass to designated sizes as indicated above. Clean glass using paper towel moistened with water. Completely dry the surface of the glass with a lint free cloth.
Step 3
Next, cut three 2" X 2" piece of kiln paper. Remove the lid from the Fuseworks™ Kiln. Place one sheet of kiln paper on the kiln base.
Step 4
Layer the glass on the kiln paper. Start with the base, 3/8" X 3/8" Black glass. Evenly space glass squares on the kiln paper, no more then 4 pieces per firing. Cover the Black glass with 3/8" X 3/8" Clear Dichroic glass.
HOT TIP: Try using a different base glass such as white, black or clear.
Step 5
Carefully set the base with glass inside the microwave. Cover base and glass with kiln lid.
Step 6
Fuse using the chart below. HOT TIP: All microwave and kiln combinations will have different firing patterns. Be sure to take careful notes and log all fusing times for future use.
PLEASE NOTE: Dichroic Glass may darken or loose its color if over fired. To prevent this from occurring, carefully follow the fusing schedule listed below. After second firing, you can open the microwave, using Hot Mitts carefully lift the lid of the kiln enough to inspect the fusing process. By doing so, you will release some of the heat from the chamber, resulting in a reduction of the temperature inside the kiln. If glass is not fused to your liking, return the lid to the base and continue to fuse in 15 second intervals until desired look.
Step 7
Once glass has completely fused, remove kiln from microwave using the Hot Mitts and place on a heat resistant surface. Cool the kiln on a heat resistant surface for at least 30 minutes with the lid on. Removing the lid or peeking under the lid during the cooling will result in your piece cracking. Glass remains hot for a long time and should be handled with great caution.
Step 8
Repeat steps 4-7 until you have created 11 fused glass cabochons.
Step 9
When cooled, adhere Dichroic cabochons to the disks of the Fuseworks™ Bracelet & allow to dry.
Additional adornments such as charms & ribbons can be added to create a personalized bracelet sure to
put sparkle into your holidays.
|Thickness of Glass
|3 to 4
|1/4" (2 - 3/8" pcs.)
|70% Power 2 min; 100% 1 minute
|1/4" (2 - 3/8" pcs.)
|70% Power 2 min; 100% 1 minute
|1/4" (2 - 3/8" pcs.)
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Jul 27, 2016
This bracelet is beautiful! I would love to make this.
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