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March 17, 2009
JOSEPH LICATESI, PLAINTIFF,v.PENAUILLE SERVISAIR AND JOHN LANE, DEFENDANTS.
On April 22, 2008, plaintiff filed a pro se action alleging, inter alia,employment discrimination. On July 31, 2008, defendants moved to dismiss the complaint in its entirety pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Plaintiff opposed the motion to dismiss through an affirmation from counsel and a request for leave to file an Amended Complaint, attached as an exhibit to counsel's affirmation, which, according to plaintiff, moots the motion. The Amended Complaint asserts claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Title VII"), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq., and the American with Disabilities Act ("ADA"), 42 U.S.C. § 12111, et seq. It also asks the court to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over claims arising under the New York State Human Rights Law § 290, et seq., and the New York City Administrative Code § 8-101, et seq.
For the reasons set forth below, plaintiff's request for leave to file the Amended Complaint is granted, but his request for an order to have defendant's motion to dismiss declared moot is denied. Defendants' motion to dismiss is granted, and plaintiff's Amended Complaint is dismissed in its entirety.
Plaintiff seeks leave to file an Amended Complaint, which alleges that defendants discriminated against him on the basis of disability and retaliated against him for requesting a reasonable accommodation of his disability, in violation of the ADA and Title VII. Plaintiff also asserts retaliation and disability claims under the New York State Human Rights Law and the New York City Administrative Code. Plaintiff argues that his submission of an Amended Complaint renders moot defendants' motion to dismiss.
Plaintiff has been employed by defendant Penauille Servisair LLC ("Penauille") since July 1994. (Am. Compl. ¶ 14.) Although plaintiff was initially employed to work at JFK airport, he was transferred to LaGuardia Airport in June 2005. (Id. at ¶¶ 33-34.) On or about April 4, 2007, plaintiff sustained severe back injuries and was subsequently advised by his physician that he could return to work as long as he was not required to engage in heavy lifting. (Id. at ¶¶ 16-17.) Plaintiff alleges that this injury resulted in a physical impairment that limits one or more of his major life activities, and that he is regarded by Penauille as having such impairment. (Id. at ¶¶ 25-26.) As such, he claims to have a disability within the meaning of ADA. (Id.)
Following his injury, on April 14, 2007, plaintiff asked Linda Montano, general manager, to allow him to return to work on the terms recommended by his physician, which involved appointing him to "light duty" as an office or clerical worker. (Id. at ¶¶ 18, 26, 48.) Although Ms. Montano initially granted his request, plaintiff alleges that he was subjected to harassment and unfounded pretextual charges of poor performance both before and after his return to work. (Id. at ¶¶ 20-25.) Specifically, plaintiff claims that, on at least two occasions, Penauille employees forced him to engage in heavy lifting and "other tasks injurious to plaintiff's health." (Id. at ¶ 25.) On May 15, 2007, while plaintiff was on light duty, he was advised by co-worker Manny Martins to undertake duties that were against medical advice and would further injure plaintiff. (Id. at ¶ 49.) Plaintiff also alleges that, on June 1, 2007, defendant John Lane, a maintenance manager, instructed a co-worker to have plaintiff move carts that weighed over 600 pounds by himself, causing plaintiff to reinjure his back and hurt his ankle. (Id. ¶ 50.)
The Amended Complaint alleges that, on June 8, 2007, plaintiff was suspended from Penauille for allegedly threatening management. (Id. ¶ 51.) His suspension was followed by a meeting on June 13, 2007 regarding this incident and the addition of a letter to plaintiff's personnel file. (Id. at ¶ 52.) Plaintiff was terminated on June 20, 2007 based "on his breach of company policy." (Id. at ¶ 53.) On June 21, 2007, plaintiff's wife called worker's compensation to inquire about the status of certain checks that plaintiff was supposed to receive, but was told that there was no record of a reinjury and that the company had failed to inform the worker's compensation office of any sort of injury. (Id. at ¶ 54.)*fn1
Defendants contend that plaintiff's proposed Amended Complaint and accompanying attorney affirmation do not cure the legal deficiencies of his claims and are insufficient to avoid dismissal at this juncture. Defendants ask the court to consider Exhibits "B" through "H" annexed to their memorandum of law in support of their motion to dismiss on the ground that they have been incorporated by reference into the complaint, and argue that plaintiff's disability claims are partially-time barred. They further move for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, arguing that plaintiff failed to allege any qualifying adverse employment actions or meet the threshold pleading requirements of a discrimination or retaliation claim under Title VII and the ADA.
A. Standard of Review
Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure states that a defendant may move, in lieu of an answer, for dismissal of a complaint for "failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted." FED. R. CIV. P. 12(b)(6). On a motion to dismiss, the court "accept[s] as true the factual allegations of the complaint, and construe[s] all reasonable inferences that can be drawn from the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff." Arar v. Ashcroft, 585 F.3d 559, 567 (2d Cir. 2009).
"To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Turkmen v. Ashcroft, 589 F.3d 542, 546 (2d Cir. 2009) (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009)). "A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Id. A complaint cannot make merely "a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action," but must allege facts that "raise a right of relief above the speculative level on the assumption that all allegations in the complaint are true (even if doubtful in fact)." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). Thus, at the motion to dismiss stage, courts must adjudicate the sufficiency of plaintiff's claims under "'a heightened pleading standard in those contexts where factual amplification is needed to render a claim plausible.'" Turkmen, 589 F.3d at 546. (quoting Ross v. Bank of America, N.A. (USA), 524 F.3d 217, 225 (2d Cir. 2008).
B. Plaintiff's Request for Leave to File Amended Complaint
Since plaintiff's original complaint was filed pro se, the court grants plaintiff's request for leave to submit the Amended Complaint, which was filed with the benefit of counsel. See FED. R. CIV. P. 15(a) (allowing a party to amend its pleading "once as a matter of course at any time before a responsive proceeding is served"); Shomo v. City of New York, 579 F.3d 176, 183 (2d Cir. 2009) ("[A] pro se complaint is to be read liberally," and "should not [be] dismiss[ed] without granting leave to amend at least once when a liberal reading of the complaint gives any indication that a valid claim might be stated.") (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see also In re Biotech AG Sec. Litig., 07-cv-06728 (DC), 2009 WL 5125130, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 29, 2009) (citing Cresswell v. Sullivan & Cromwell, 922 F.2d 60, 72 (2d Cir. 1990)) ("The decision to grant leave to amend is within the sound discretion of the trial court."); Posadas de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. v. Dukes, 757 F. Supp. 297, 300 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) (finding that leave to amend should be granted unless the motion is product of bad faith or dilatory motive, will prejudice opposing party, or be futile).
C. Plaintiff's Request for an Order Declaring Moot Defendants' Motion to Dismiss and Defendants' Request for Default Dismissal of Allegedly Unopposed Claims
Plaintiff argues that defendants' motion to dismiss is rendered moot by his submission of an Amended Complaint. Defendants respond by citing to Rule 7.1 of the Local Rules of Practice of the United States District Court for the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York, which grants the court the discretion to grant a motion by default where the responding party fails to support its opposition by a memorandum of law. Defendants argue that dismissal by default is warranted in light of plaintiff's failure to oppose the motion to dismiss through a memorandum of law.
The court finds that counsel's affirmation sufficiently sets forth the points and authorities relied upon in opposition to the motion in issue. The court will assess the sufficiency of plaintiff's factual allegations based on the Amended Complaint and counsel's affirmation. See generally Branham v. Meachum, 77 F.3d 626 (2d Cir. 1996) (where pro se plaintiff responded to defendants' motion to dismiss by filing an Amended Complaint, considering the sufficiency of plaintiff's claim in light of the factual allegations in the Amended Complaint).
D. Defendant's Request for Review of Material Outside of Complaint
"In evaluating a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), a court may consider documents attached to the complaint as exhibits, or incorporated by reference, as well as any documents that are integral to, or explicitly referenced in, the pleading." Maisonet v. Metro. Health Hosp. Corp., 640 F. Supp. 2d 345, 347 n.2 (citing Stuto v. Fleishman, 164 F.3d 820, 826 n.1 (2d Cir. 1999)); see also Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152-53 (2d Cir. 2002). A document is "integral" to the complaint if "the complaint relies heavily upon its terms and effect." Chambers, 282 F.3d at 153 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
Where extrinsic documents are not explicitly referenced in the pleading, or cannot be deemed integral to the complaint, the court is "obligated to convert the motion [to dismiss] to one for summary judgment" before considering them. Id. at 154; see also FED. R. CIV. P. 12(d) (when material outside a complaint is "presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion must be treated as one for summary judgment").
In this case, the court declines to convert defendants' motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment or otherwise consider materials annexed by defendants as exhibits to their motion, as the court finds that these materials are not integral to the Amended Complaint or necessary for adjudication of defendants' motion.
E. Plaintiff's Claims Preceding the Onset of His Alleged Disability
In addition to the facts set forth in Section I, supra, the Amended Complaint alleges additional facts purporting to show defendants' misconduct which are not addressed herein because they precede the alleged onset of plaintiff's disability on April 4, 2007 or are otherwise unrelated to his disability. See, e.g., Cozzi v. Great Neck Union Free Sch. Dist., No. 05-cv-1389 (ENV) (WDW), 2009 WL 2602462, at *15 n.7 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 21, 2009) (where certain facts predated the alleged disability, such facts "do[] not, in any way substantiate plaintiff's claim that defendants knew" she suffered from a disability) (emphasis in original); Lester v. M&M Knopf Auto Parts, No. 04-cv-850S, 2006 WL 2806465, at *7 (W.D.N.Y. Sept. 28, 2006) (in a case involving Title VII and ADA claims, finding that alleged adverse action could not be construed as "reasonably related" to protected activity because they predated such activity); Loren v. Levy, No. 00-cv-7687 (DC), 2003 WL 1702004, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 31, 2003) (finding that alleged adverse action was not taken because of plaintiff's disability where the adverse action predated defendant's notice of plaintiff's disability).
Defendants argue that some of plaintiff's claims prior to September 23, 2006 are partially time-barred.*fn2 This argument is moot and will not be addressed in light of the court's decision not to consider factual allegations or claims preceding the onset of plaintiff's disability on April 4, 2007, as they are irrelevant to his federal claims under Title VII and the ADA.
F. Disability Discrimination and Discriminatory Discharge
Plaintiff claims that defendants discriminated against him by failing to provide a reasonable accommodation for his disability and discharging him in violation of the ADA, 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a). Under the ADA, plaintiff undertakes the initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of disability discrimination. Shannon v. New York City Transit Auth., 332 F.3d 95, 99 (2d Cir. 2004). To make out a prima facie case, plaintiff must show that: (1) defendants are subject to the ADA; (2) plaintiff was a person with a disability within the meaning of the ADA; (3) plaintiff was otherwise qualified to perform the essential functions of his job, with or without reasonable accommodation; and (4) plaintiff suffered adverse employment action because of his disability. Shepheard v. New York City Corr. Dep't, No. 08-cv-6068, 2010 WL 106692, *1 (2d Cir. Jan. 13, 2010); see also Sacay v. Research Found. of City Univ. of New York, 44 F. Supp. 2d 496, 500 (E.D.N.Y. 1999) (where the specific claim brought by plaintiff is discriminatory discharge under the ADA, plaintiff must show, as the fourth element, that he was fired because of his disability). Defendants do not dispute that they are subject to the ADA, but contend that plaintiff fails to adequately plead the other three elements of a disability discrimination or discriminatory discharge claim. The court agrees.
With respect to the second element, the ADA defines a "disabled individual" as one who "(i) has a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more of such person's major life activities, (ii) has a record of such an impairment, or (iii) [is] regarded as having such an impairment." 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2); see also Colwell v. Suffolk County Police Dep't, 158 F.3d 635, 646 (2d Cir. 1998) (holding that a plaintiff must do more than show that his employer regarded him as "somehow disabled; rather, the plaintiff must show that the employer regarded [him] as disabled within the meaning of the ADA") (emphasis in original). Although plaintiff alleges that he suffers from a physical impairment, he does not "identify the activity claimed to be impaired and establish that it constitutes a major life activity," or "show that [his] impairment substantially limits the major life activity previously identified," as he must to be deemed disabled under the ADA. Weixel v. Bd. of Educ. of City of New York, 287 F.3d 138, 147 (2d Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). His claim that that he had certain lifting limitations of which Penauille was aware does not suffice to establish a qualifying disability under the statute, or show that defendants were on notice that he suffered from a covered disability. See Agostinello v. Great Neck Union Free Sch. Dist., No. 05-cv-5838 (WDW), 2009 WL 238865, at *15 (E.D.N.Y. Feb. 2, 2009) (finding that the inability to engage in heavy lifting does not constitute a disability under the ADA); Cotz v. Mastroeni, 476 F. Supp. 2d 332, 346, 370 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (plaintiff who told defendant that she had a bad back and that it was difficult for her to sit for long periods failed to put defendant on notice that she suffered from a covered disability).*fn3
With respect to the third element, it is undisputed that Penauille accommodated plaintiff's physical condition by allowing him to return to work post-injury on the terms recommended by his physician, which involved appointing him to "light duty." (Id. at ¶¶ 17-18, 48-49.) See Wilson, 2008 WL 4426957, at *5 (finding that plaintiff suffering from a back injury did not satisfy her burden of establishing that, with or without reasonable accommodation, she was able to perform the essential functions of her job where, inter alia, the only accommodation requested-that she not be required to unload trucks and lift heavy objects-was granted, even though defendant was under no obligation to do so).
The crux of plaintiff's complaint is that, despite his formal assignment to light duty, Lane and other Penauille employees nonetheless discriminated against him by requiring him to engage in tasks such as lifting and pushing heavy equipment, which exacerbated his back injuries and ran contrary to medical advice. However, plaintiff cites only two specific incidents of alleged discrimination following the onset of his disability, both of which are insufficient to establish a viable claim.
Plaintiff's description of the first incident-in which he was allegedly "advised by Manny Martins . . . to undertake duties that were against medical advice and which would cause further injury to the plaintiff"-is far too vague and conclusory to confer on plaintiff a judicially cognizable right of action. At the most basic level, plaintiff does not describe the specific task in issue or how it could have resulted in further injury. See Ashford v. Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949-50 (2009)(to survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient "factual enhancement" for the court "to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged" by examining the context and marshaling its "judicial experience and common sense").
Plaintiff also fails to establish that the tasks he was asked to undertake were not among the essential functions of his job, as he must to satisfy his burden on the third element of his prima facie case. See Wilson, 2008 WL 4426957 at *5 (dismissing claim where plaintiff failed to meet her burden of establishing that she was able to perform the essential functions of her job in spite of her handicap); Gilbert v. Frank, 949 F.2d 637, 642 (2d Cir. 1991) (finding that reasonable accommodation "does not mean elimination of any of the job's essential functions"). He further fails to indicate whether Mr. Martins was ever apprised of plaintiff's condition in order to satisfy his burden under the fourth element to show that the alleged adverse action was connected to his disability. See Cozzi, 2009 WL 2602462 at *14 (finding that plaintiff failed to state a prima facie case where, inter alia, there was no evidence that the supervisors who were responsible for the alleged discriminatory actions ever learned that she suffered from a disability).
Plaintiff's account of the second incident on June 1, 2007, in which he was allegedly injured after being ordered to move carts that weighed over 600 pounds, is similarly deficient. Plaintiff does not provide sufficient context for the court to determine the gravity of his alleged injuries and whether they interfered with plaintiff's work performance in any way. He further fails to indicate whether the individuals involved in that incident, namely, defendant Lane and an unidentified co-worker, had knowledge of his alleged disability. See Cody v. County of Nassau, 577 F. Supp. 2d 623, 643 (E.D.N.Y. 2008) (finding that, under the ADA, "the mere fact that an employer is aware of an employee's impairment is insufficient to demonstrate either that the employer regarded the employee as disabled or that perception caused the adverse employment action") (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
Plaintiff cites his termination as evidence of adverse employment action by defendants on account of his disability. However, he concedes that he was suspended on June 8, 2007 "for allegedly threatening management," and that he participated in a meeting on June 13, 2007 to discuss, not his alleged disability and potential accommodations, but rather his threat to management. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 51-52.) Indeed, plaintiff alleges that he was terminated on June 20, 2007 "based on his breach of company policy" following the alleged threat and ensuing proceedings. (Id. at ¶ 53.) At no point in the Amended Complaint does plaintiff challenge the veracity of the charge that he threatened management. Cf. Uddin v. City of New York, No. 07-cv-1356 (PAC) (DF), 2009 WL 2496270, at *19 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 13, 2009) (where plaintiff alleged that a disciplinary charge that he had threatened his supervisor was evidence of adverse employment action, finding that plaintiff's conclusory statements that the charge was false or exaggerated was "not an adequate substitute for evidence capable of establishing a prima facie case" of discrimination); Brown v. Soc'y for Seaman's Children, 194 F. Supp. 2d 182, 191-92 (E.D.N.Y. 2002) (finding that threatening a supervisor is a legitimate reason for termination);
In sum, plaintiff's claims that he was disabled as a matter of law, denied reasonable accommodation, and subjected to adverse employment action, including termination, in contravention of his federal rights are wholly devoid of factual support. "Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice" to state a cause of action. Ashcroft, 129 S.Ct. at 1949. Plaintiff thus fails to allege a prima facie claim of disability discrimination and discriminatory discharge, which warrants dismissal of his claim.*fn4
Plaintiff claims that the defendants retaliated against him for complaining about his hostile work environment by asking him to engage in tasks that could result in further injury to his back, terminating him and denying him workers' compensation benefits, in violation of Title VII and the ADA. Title VII and ADA retaliation claims are analyzed under the same legal framework. Warren v. Goord, No. 06-3349-pr, 2008 WL 5077004, at *2 (2d Cir. Nov. 26, 2008).
It is unlawful "for an employer to discriminate against any of his employees . . . because [the employee] has opposed any practice made an unlawful employment practice" under the relevant statutes. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a). A plaintiff establishes a prima facie case of retaliation by demonstrating that "(1) the employee was engaged in protected activity; (2) the employer was aware of that activity; (3) the employee suffered an adverse employment action; and (4) there was a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse employment action." Sclafani v. PC Richard & Son, No. 07-cv-3767 (JFB) (ARL), 2009 WL 3756774, at *7 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 9, 2009) (quoting Gregory v. Daly, 243 F.3d 687, 700 (2d Cir. 2001)). The Second Circuit defines "adverse employment action" as a "materially adverse change in the terms, privileges, duration and conditions of employment." Treglia v. Town of Manlius, 313 F.3d 713, 720 (2d Cir. 2002); see also Morris v. Lindau, 196 F.3d 102, 110 (2d Cir. 1999) (defining adverse action to include "discharge, refusal to hire, refusal to promote, demotion, reduction in pay, and reprimand").
Plaintiff's failure to meet his pleading burden is most evident with respect to the first and fourth elements. To establish the first element, plaintiff must show that he was engaged in "protected activity," which entails participation "in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing" under the ADA. Williams v. New York City Hous. Auth., No. 07-cv-7587 (RJS), 2009 WL 804137, at *8 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 26, 2009)) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 12203) (emphasis in original); Cruz v. Coach Stores, Inc., 202 F.3d 560, 566 (2d Cir. 2000) (defining "protected activity" as "action taken to protest or oppose statutorily prohibited discrimination"). To establish the fourth element, "a causal connection between an adverse employment action and a protected activity[,] [plaintiff] must demonstrate that the allegedly adverse actions occurred in circumstances from which retaliatory intent can reasonably be inferred." Delgado v. Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Auth., 485 F. Supp. 2d 453, 462 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (citing Gordon v. New York City Bd. of Educ., 232 F.3d 111, 117 (2d Cir. 2000)). Plaintiff may demonstrate retaliatory intent either "(1) indirectly, by showing that the protected activity was followed closely by discriminatory treatment, or through other circumstantial evidence such as disparate treatment of fellow employees who engaged in similar conduct; or (2) directly, through evidence of retaliatory animus directed against the plaintiff by defendant." Id.
Plaintiff does not establish that he was engaged in protected activity at the time of the alleged adverse actions. Even assuming that plaintiff's request for accommodation of his back injury could be deemed protected activity, it is undisputed that Penauille granted his request and assigned him to light duty. Plaintiff does not make any allegations of fact suggesting that Mr. Martins and Mr. Lane intended to retaliate against him for requesting that assignment when they allegedly asked him to undertake duties that would injure plaintiff. There is no allegation that plaintiff was treated differently from similarly situated employees, or that the two men were even aware of the defendant's physical condition.
Plaintiff further fails to plead facts showing that his suspension and subsequent termination were causally connected to his disability and related requests for reasonable accommodation. Instead, the factual allegations in the Amended Complaint establish that the company's actions followed plaintiff's "breach of company policy" by threatening management. (Am Compl. ¶¶ 51-52.)
Plaintiff's allegation regarding his failure to receive workers' compensation benefits is similarly insufficient to establish retaliation under Title VII or the ADA. Although plaintiff claims that he was entitled to worker's compensation based on the back injury suffered while on duty on June 1, 2007, he fails to plead any facts showing that he reported or subsequently raised with his supervisors any issue regarding his physical condition, sought medical attention for his injuries, or took measures to comply with company guidelines to ensure payment. He also fails to allege that it was defendants' responsibility to inform the workers compensation department of plaintiff's injury. As plaintiff does not offer any facts tending to show that he was engaged in protected activity or that the proffered reason for his termination was a pretext for discrimination, his Title VII and ADA retaliation claims are hereby dismissed.
H. Hostile Work Environment
Plaintiff's hostile work environment claim, asserted for the first time in the Amended Complaint, appears to be brought under New York state and city statutes. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 62-68.) Assuming, arguendo, that plaintiff is also asserting a federal claim, he fails to plead sufficient facts to establish a hostile work environment claim under Title VII. In the Title VII context, plaintiff must satisfy two elements to prevail on his hostile work environment claim: "(1) that the workplace was permeated with discriminatory intimidation that was sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of [his] work environment, and (2) that a specific basis exists for imputing the conduct that created the hostile environment to the employer." Sclafani, 2009 WL 3756774 at *3 (quoting Mack v. Otis Elevator Co., 326 F.3d 116, 122 (2d Cir. 2003)).
Here, plaintiff makes no claim that the alleged misconduct was so pervasive that it altered the conditions of his work environment. Moreover, plaintiff alleges no basis for imputing the misconduct to the employer, since he does not allege that any of the employees involved in the incidents were informed of his disability or adjusted "light duty" status. See Nakis v. Potter, No. 01 Civ. 10047 (HBP), 2004 WL 2903718, at *20 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 15, 2004) (holding that "[h]ostility or unfairness in the workplace that is not the result of discrimination against a protected characteristic is simply not actionable" under Title VII) (citation omitted). Accordingly, any hostile work environment claims under Title VII are dismissed.
The Second Circuit has not yet determined whether the ADA gives rise to a cause of action for hostile work environment. Ragusa v. Malverne Union Free Sch. Dist., 582 F. Supp. 2d 326, 346 (E.D.N.Y. 2008) (citations omitted). Although other courts have recognized such a cause of action, these courts have held that, if a plaintiff cannot establish that he has a disability within the meaning of the ADA, his hostile work environment claim based on his alleged disability must fail as well. Id. (citations omitted). Because plaintiff fails to establish a disability under the ADA, any claim he had for hostile work environment based on alleged disability discrimination is dismissed.
Even assuming that the ADA supports a cause of action of hostile work environment, and assuming further that Plaintiff was disabled within the meaning of the ADA, his claim would still fail as his allegations, even if viewed as true, do not rise to the level of conduct that is "'severe or pervasive enough to create an objectively hostile or abusive work environment.'" Id. (quoting Alfano v. Costello, 294 F.3d 365, 373 (2d Cir. 2002)). Accordingly, Plaintiff's hostile work environment claims are dismissed.
I. New York State Law Claims
Having dismissed all of the federal claims, the court declines to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over plaintiff's state-law claims. Accordingly, the state law claims are dismissed without prejudice.
III. Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, plaintiff's request for leave to file an Amended Complaint is granted, and defendants' motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint is granted. This action is dismissed in its entirety.
DORA L. IRIZARRY United States District Judge
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February 10, 1936
IN RE FRUMKIN; UNION NAT. BANK OF SCHENECTADY, N.Y.,v.FRUMKIN
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of New York.
Per Curiam.
This is an appeal from an order in bankruptcy granting the bankrupt his discharge; the only specification is that he had obtained an extension of credit upon a materially false financial statement. The evidence proved that he had indorsed a note for some $13,000, made by a company of which he was the owner and held by a bank. This note fell due on May 23d, and on May 10th he presented to the bank a financial statement on the faith of which it extended payment. This statement showed him to be personally possessed of about $44,000 of assets of which $12,000 was a house in Schenectady, in fact owned by his wife. On it was a mortgage of $4,900, and there was a second mortgage of $3,500 upon both this house and another valued at $15,000, on which there was a first mortgage of $6,000. Nobody professes to defend the truth of this statement; the only issue is as to whether the bankrupt meant to deceive the bank. His excuse was twofold: That as the bank held the first mortgage on the house it knew, or at least had ready means of learning, that it was his wife's; second, that he had a power of attorney from his wife which gave him the widest authority. The referee who saw the bankrupt found that he knew that his statement was false and reported that his discharge should be denied. The judge thought otherwise; he found that the bankrupt had not been shown to have deliberately deceived the bank, and that the case broke down because this was a necessary element, as all agree.
The item in question was not indeed very important in the bankrupt's statement; his liabilities as reported were about $15,000 and his net worth about $29,000. The difference, if the house was omitted, was at most only $7,100 and would be further reduced by whatever share the house would have to bear of the second mortgage. Nevertheless, although it did not appear that the bank would not have granted the extension had it known the truth, that is not the determining factor, and the amount was not so trifling as to fall within the doctrine of In re Lessler, 74 F.2d 249 (C.C.A. 2). As to the bankrupt's intent, he was not justified in supposing that the bank knew his wife to be the owner; the fact that she had been the owner three years before was no reason for questioning his statement made at the time that it was then his own; and the power of attorney did not give his creditors resort to the land. Yet he might honestly have believed that the bank knew the truth, or he might have thought that a power of attorney was equivalent to a deed. He did not, however, base his defense on that theory; he swore that he had told the bank that he had put as much money in the house as his wife and that he had the power of attorney. This the bank denied, and the referee disbelieved the bankrupt; his decision on such an issue ought to be conclusive. Moreover, the referee was justified, having found the bankrupt's word to be false, in refusing to find that he believed that he was as good as an owner of the house. Indeed, in the face of the bankrupt's statement that he had put only as much money in the house as his wife, it is hard to see how he could have supposed that he might honestly call it his own. He had the burden of proof upon the issue of his good faith, having been shown to have in fact deceived the bank.
Order reversed; discharge denied.
© 1998 VersusLaw Inc.
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"It was a big week for motorists," said gasbuddy...
Average gas prices in Montana have fallen almost seven cents per gallon in the past week, averaging $2.27 per gallon, according to GasBuddy.com
Elected leaders in Montana and North Dakota say they hope to offer help to local governments struggling to provide public services in the booming Northern Plains oil patch.


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Check in from 14h / Check out prior to 11h
St Giles London - St Giles Classic Hotel: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 3 stars hotels in London, United Kingdom.
Set in London, St Giles London - St Giles Classic Hotel is a five-minute walk from the British Museum and offers extensive dining options and access to leisure facilities. The multiple amenities this modern hotel has to offer include a coffee bar, meeting rooms and a swimming pool.
Hotel description
This traditional hotel offers a concierge, a 24-hour reception and wireless internet access in public areas. Guests can enjoy public parking on site. The hotel also has its very own gym, Central YMCA Gym.
All the rooms at St Giles London - St Giles Classic Hotel feature a flat-screen TV, an in-room safe and tea and coffee making facilities. There is also a ceiling fan, an in-room closet and a desk.
Every morning, breakfast is available at VQ - 24 hour Diner. For guests wanting to stay on-site for dinner, Sage & Chilli provides Asian and Italian cuisine. Guests are also invited to relax with a drink at Hudson's House Restaurant & Bar.
Located in Central London, St Giles London - St Giles Classic Hotel is surrounded by a wealth of shopping, nightlife, and eateries, making it the ideal base when on holiday. Guests can also easily visit Strand, Piccadilly Circus and Leicester Square.
Hotel features
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The beauty of the Iroko colour, warm and tropical, transmits to the Natural paving the charm and style of a beautiful antique furniture.
Maspe is since always attentive concerning the lasting of its proper products and realizes for production philosophy its proper pavings with natural materials. In this case brown inerts and quartzes guarantee always maximal reliability!


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- on Home & Garden
- Published in issue 7/2009 on page 19
Switching Delay
The circuit described here was designed as an addition to a remotely-controlled garage door opener. The problem was that a brief burst of interference, arising from a thunderstorm or a mains spike, was enough to trigger the mechanism, and the author found this a nuisance. The effect of the circuit is to enable the output from the receiver module only when a relatively long pulse (more than about 0.5 s) is received. The circuit can of course also be used in other similar situations, such as electrically-powered shutters, alarms and the like.
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I can't sleep tonight and have just got up to check the news hoping for a last minute reprieve for Andrew and Myuran. It's cruel and undignified the way they are being treated. And they've been denied a spiritual guide at the last minute. This is a breach of Indonesian law.
I am totally against the death penalty. It's murder even when the condemned are treated with respect and have their rights upheld to the end. But the way Indonesia has behaved with this circus is abhorrent. The families are being punished and they have committed no crime. Australia should be imposing severe diplomatic penalties after this.


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The smooth microfleece exterior makes this hoody more hard-wearing and around four times more wind-resistant than standard velour fleece, whilst also allowing further layers of clothing to slide easily over the surface. The 300-quality fleece provides an extremely high level of insulation and a wind-resistant structure.
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- Integrated hood
- Two side zip pockets Fleece jacket for trekking and hiking
- Extra warm Wind-resistant Robust Integrated hood
- Regular fit
- Weight: 630g
Additional Information
- Quick Find Code
- 11450


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From the 1940s, this men's robe, dressing gown, smoking jacket is made of silky spun rayon and is in above excellent condition; size medium.
Very smooth, lightweight, silky spun rayon with a pattern of yellow squares on a navy blue field. Label: Parkway by Rice-Stix. Circa 1946.
One piece robe features : self fabric faced shawl collar running down the front of the robe. Set in, wrist length sleeves are cut full and have tailored cuffs, pockets at the chest and each hip and long self fabric belt.
Front and back panels are cut as one, with no yokes so, there is no break in the pattern.
Measurements in inches: chest: 42, waist 42, hip 44, Across upper back 17, sleeve length 33, center back to hem 49, belt is 70 inches long.
Robe is unlined, meant to fit loose. This is a soft, flowing fabric.
Excellent condition, lightly worn and well kept, clean, no holes stains or odors. Machine washable on gentle.
Another shopper has this item in their Cart or Wish List .
Vintage 1920s 30s 40s 50s 60s Jewelry Clothing Sewing Patterns Fabric Antique Womens Mens Retro RARE
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CStewart Artist/Painter
Lena GrimmModel Female Berlin, Berlin, Germany
My Website: TumblrMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/zbrie
Mayhem # 2609031
About MeTRAVELING DATES:
November: Madrid
December: Mexico
Thanks for stoping by! I'm Lena, I've been modelling for some years now, working mostly with analog photographers. Analog photography makes me crazy, but i am very open to digital photography as well :) , so if you are interested in working with me, don't hesitate and drop me some lines!
Booking via e-mail with some links to your work are prefered: lena.greets.you[at]gmail[dot]com
I do not update much this page, but you can see more of my work on: http://lenagrimm.tumblr.com/
FB: https://www.facebook.com/grimmlena
:) :) ;)
*No porn
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*Note*: to each session someone I trust will come with me.
Have you worked with Lena Grimm? Add Credits for Lena Grimm! >>
Credit NotesPhotographers:
Frodo47 (MM #768732)
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Unface-Photography / Holger Diedrich (MM #1728455)
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text: Riders from the Gay Rodeo welcome Edmontonians to the New West yesterday! Scenes from Edmonton's Pride Parade below: Alberta Premier Dave Hancock, left, and Edmonton City Councillor Scott McKeen, right, with a parade participant; Edmonton Mayor Don Iveson on his bicycle with his kids; a couple of parade participants trying to sell underwear; . . . → Read More: Alberta Diary: Be there or be square: When pride goes mainstream, is just being there enough?


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Tirsa Hackshaw
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Tirsa Hackshaw edited the Jessica Jones episodes AKA It's Called Whiskey, AKA You're a Winner!, AKA Sin Bin, and AKA Take a Bloody Number and the Luke Cage episodes Who's Gonna Take the Weight?, Suckas Need Bodyguards, DWYCK and Soliloquy of Chaos.


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Mamanista! » Charity, Coupons, Dolls, Eco-Friendly, Fair Trade, Featured, Gift Ideas, Made in the USA, Play, Socially Conscious » Get 15% Off Doll Furniture at RosieHippo.com!
Get 15% Off Doll Furniture at RosieHippo.com!
November 30th, 2010 | 1 Comment
The heirloom-quality wooden doll furniture at RosieHippo.com is beautiful! This doll furniture fits American Girl Dolls, Corolle Dolls and all 18 inch or smaller dolls. It's comparable in price to the furniture in the American Girl catalog, but this furniture is handmade in America by Amish craftsmen and much more special. And it's on sale! Get 15% Off Doll Furniture at RosieHippo.com using coupon code RHDOLL15.
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Written by Debbie
Debbie Bookstaber started Mamanista in 2007 with her friend Candace Lindemann. Debbie and Candace also are the co-founders of Bloganthropy.org, which empowers bloggers to become philanthropic leaders in their communities. Through their annual awards, Bloganthropy.org recognizes bloggers who effectively use social media for social good. Debbie lives in the Philadelphia suburbs with her husband and two young sons. She's an active volunteer in her community and a working mom. Debbie is a partner at Element Associates and the Social Media Director at Child's Play Communications. You can follow Debbie on Twitter @buzzmommy or meet her at a future blogging or tech conference, where she frequently speaks about social good efforts, SEO or affiliate marketing.
Filed under: Charity, Coupons, Dolls, Eco-Friendly, Fair Trade, Featured, Gift Ideas, Made in the USA, Play, Socially Conscious · Tags: American Girl, Coupons, Wood Doll Furniture, Wooden Doll Furniture
One Response to "Get 15% Off Doll Furniture at RosieHippo.com!"
clarissa says:
mine would love the play toaster
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All I really have to go on are a few posts and a bit of his video in the video challenge thread, but I think you're accurately typed.
All I really have to go on are a few posts and a bit of his video in the video challenge thread, but I think you're accurately typed.
Probably, though I don't know exactly what type that type is.
Do elaborate. I get a lot of different answers on what my MBTI type is likely to be, so I'm curious. Most people insist INFP, but the very notion of "seeing the world through rose-colored glasses" makes me want to strangle a small child. I was apparently a sensitive extrovert as a small child, then a sensitive introvert from about 5th grade through high school. Now I'm borderline I/E, probably a bit toward I, and I'm definitely more of a sarcastic ass than most feelers. Also, I'm not creative in the least, either in fine arts, writing, musically, or anything of the like.
In other words, I'm curious.
this thing or this song [YOUTUBE="HCCjv2OiTxE"]melllooow[/YOUTUBE] (maybe the Donovan song wasn't a good idea lol maybe too mellow, :P lol at the meaning of the song though... I guess it would work, certainly makes people mellow)
Conversely, you could just be like me and be an INTP with developed Fe so you don't appear like a douchebag, yeah there are quite a few healthy INTPs out there, sadly they (or we) don't get enough credit as we should, Fi and Ti are quite similar, and with Ne and Si working in the background for both INTPs and INFPs, it's difficult to tell the difference, being a 5w4 makes it worse...
Yes. You are INTP.
I was sitting outside the classroom waiting to go in, and I saw an airplane hit the tower. The TV was obviously on. I used to fly myself and I said, "There's one terrible pilot."
- George W. Bush -
SCUAI - 7w8 sx/sp - Chaotic Evil - Fucking Cute - ALIVE
Blog. Read it, bitches.
Questions? Click here
If you don't agree about my MBTI type, you can complain about it here. I've had plenty of people telling me I'm something else, in my reputation box. That's annoying.
Nah, you must really be an ENTJ with a clever disguise
Not really, the only disguise you probably have is a lot of shoes. Likely accurately typed.
wait I'll flip a coin... head says yes Destiny has decided !
Progressive Trance
Time will explain.
~Persuasion - by Jane Austen
yes, yes, yes!
Human beings make life so interesting. Do you know that in a universe so full of wonders, they have managed to invent boredom? -Terry Pratchett


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Nell Barrie
Part of the show Genes and evolution - from populations to tumours
Kat - And then finally a nice little story about sunflowers. You, are you an art fan?
Nell - Yeah. I saw this and thought, "I don't get the point of this." But it's good fun because they've looked at sunflowers in Van Gogh's very famous painting, figured out there's a tiny little mutation going on in some of the flowers in the picture. And then they've gone to find out exactly what causes that mutation. And they've looked at the genes behind it.
Kat - I do think it's interesting with plants because people do breed themall sorts of characteristics that maybe not that useful but certainly pretty.
Nell - Yeah, exactly. I mean it's kind of something that you might think that looks cool on the plant and it's quite interesting to find out what's going in the genes.
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- Anoniem
- Canada, Vrouwelijk, 25-30
- Novice Nomad
- 2 Recensies
Our room was nice and clean, it was a nit humid but I think they may have just cleaned the carpets which I was totally okay with. We opened the balcony door and it soon went away. The room was big and bright and the beds were comfy! We would stay again
- Anoniem
- Verenigde Staten, Vrouwelijk, 41+
- Novice Nomad
- 1 Herziening
Great Location Cleanliness Excellant!! If I were ever in Galway Ireland I certainty would stay there. I can't say enough about the accommodations !!!!
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Boek onderweg met de nieuwe mobiele apps van Hostelworld.


text: New York 1995 Political fiction A thing of state : a novel en A Middle East dictator acquires the atom bomb and threatens to use it if anyone prevents his takeover of an oil-rich neighbor. The novel follows the world's reaction--from the vacillations of the UN secretary-general to the wiles of the U.S. president who spots an opportunity for re-election. 32396494 Fiction 32396494 1995 9780684807027 0684807025 Drury Allen Allen Drury Scribner International relations Middle East 2016-05-12 Middle East United Nations nyu United Nations


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EDU 675 Week 3 DQ 2 Assessment Strategies
This document of EDU 675 Week 3 Discussion Question 2 Assessment Strategies contains:
Analyze the assessment strategies presented in your reading and within your research on differentiated instruction. Identify two assessment strategies that may be used to differentiate instruction in a low-performing school. How do these assessment strategies benefit a high-performing student in a low-performing class? Would you use the same assessment strategies in a high-performing class that contained one or more low-performing students? Provide rationale for your answers.
*** 675 Week * ** * Assessment **********Attached: EDU-675 Week 3 DQ 2 Assessment Strategies.zip


text:
Hulk HoganTerry Gene Bollea
- Birthdate: 08/11/1953 (age 63)
- Height: 6'7"
- Weight: 302 Ib
Hogan enjoyed mainstream popularity in the 1980...
"My hope is that these two can preserve their friendship. I can't comment on the suit. This has caused harm to Bubba and he didn't release it, he didn't condone the release of it. He wants to find out who did that and he wants that person to be held accountable."
The lawsuit against the Clems alleges invasion of privacy, public disclosure of private facts, intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress and violation of the Florida law that makes it illegal to tape someone without their knowledge. Hogan also claims that his value as a performer has been diminished. The lawsuit states, "They have engaged in outrageous, irresponsible, and despicable conduct that should be punished to the maximum extent under the law."
There is also the lawsuit against the Gawker website, which is specifying $100 million in damages as well as punitive damages. Hogan is now seeking a temporary restraining order, a permanent injunction to force Gawker Media to remove anything related to the video from their websites.
In both lawsuits, Hogan is demanding all copies and material related to the tape be handed over to his legal team so they can be destroyed. Hogan wanted to pursue criminal charges, but the statue of limitations for filing charges have passed.


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A pair of small forested islands provides the perfect location for a meta-brawl. Cameras located at every conceivable location, internet interest is high for Feral Nova, leader of a heroic team is fighting in this battle.
Bets begin rolling in, and the Court profits.
The contestants begin on separate islands, Feral on the upper most island, Serena on the south. They do not have line of sight, they are aware of who they are fighting and public knowledge of that person, and they are roughly 200 yards apart.


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Will the Rich Stick Around to Be Soaked?by Wendy McElroy
Sep. 23, 2013
Canadian State TV Hails 'Beige Horizon' With No White People
UK: Muslim Teacher 'Told Class Charlie Hebdo Victims Should be Killed for Insulting the Prophet'
FAKE HATE: Black Man Arrested For 'Racist,' 'Pro-Trump,' 'Nazi' Graffiti
'It's A Hate Crime': Black Teens Hospitalize White 'Trump Voter'
Afghan 'Refugee' Confesses to Rape, Murder Of 19-Year-Old German Girl
On December 8, the website Breitbart heralded, "Despite Tax Increase, California State Revenues in Freefall." In the November state elections, a successful Proposition 30 imposed a 13.3 percent tax rate on income over $1,000,000 -- an increase of 29.13 percent and the highest state tax rate in the nation. The predicted tax revenue was hailed as a way to dig California out of its budget crisis. It was '"needed" especially to fund public-sector pensions with their plush benefits. Instead, state revenue for November 2012 fell by 10.8 percent, or $806.8 million. Wealthy businesses and individuals were leaving; many had left already.
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18:11 Aug. 10, 2016
Cyclist Anna Plichta of Poland rides at the start of the women's individual time trial event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Pontal beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Wednesday, Aug. 10, 2016. (AP Photo)
Follow Polish team success in Rio-de-Janeiro with our easily grasped infographics
240 athletes from 23 disciplines represent Poland at Rio Olympics.
Polish sports analytics hope the team would bring back five gold medals, three silvers, and nine bronzes.
By now, Poland already has a bronze medal in Cycling (road).
Here are the competitions Polish athletes take part in today:


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Club Executives & Directors
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Club Information
Welcome to our club!
Service Above Self
We meet Tuesdays at 7:00 AM
Kirkwood Room
Kirkwood Room
515 Kirkwood Avenue
Iowa City, IA 52240
United States
Iowa City, IA 52240
United States
District Site
Venue Map
Home Page Stories
Posted by Liz Nichols on Nov 22, 2016
Casey Cook interviewed our three newest club members, Rachel Marquardt, Kade Hammes and Kathy Bowers with "What Jazzes You Up?"
Posted by Liz Nichols on Nov 15, 2016
Amanda McFadden led an interactive session on defining our Rotary elevator speech and determining what jazzes each of us up about Rotary and the AM Club.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Nov 08, 2016
Jaime Nevins or Back Together Massage was the speaker who was introduced by Cassi Elton, the November program chair.
Posted by Pam Ehly on Nov 01, 2016
Mallory Hellman, Director of the Iowa Youth Writing Project (IYWP) presented the weekly program.
Posted by Pam Ehly on Oct 30, 2016
Bob Oppliger was the guest speaker; his topic was biking (or walking) as a form of exercise
Posted by Pam Ehly on Oct 30, 2016
Mark Patton shared his bike trip with the club.
Posted by Doug Peterson on Oct 11, 2016
The District 6000 Youth Exchange Committee is looking for outbound exchange students for the 2017-18 year.
2016-17 District 6000 Outbound Exchange Students
Posted by Margy Winkler on Oct 04, 2016
The speaker for October 4 was Brian Greer, Fire Marshal, Iowa City Fire Department.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Sep 28, 2016
District Governor Chris Knapp, Deb Dunkhase, Vernette Knapp
The Sept. 27th presenter was District Governor, Chris Knapp.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Sep 22, 2016
The speaker was David Goodner, volunteer with Iowa City Catholic Worker.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Sep 06, 2016
Jack Tank introduced the speaker for the Sept. 6 meeting, John McGillicuddy, who talked about the agricultural and socio-political environment in the Ukraine.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Sep 19, 2016
The Sept. 13 speaker was Thomas D. Farnsworth, attorney with Kinnamon, Kinnamon, Russo, Meyer, KIeegan and Farnsworth. His topic was about criminal sentencing and the criminal justice system in Johnson County.
Mark Patton and Thomas Farnsworth
Posted by Karin Franklin on Sep 05, 2016
Casey Cook conducted a "What Jazzes You Up" with District Governor Elect, Mike Ruby and his partner Joanne.
Posted by Nancy Pacha on Aug 25, 2016
Today's meeting was a club assembly to discuss how the club is doing and how it can improve.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Aug 20, 2016
Pam Ries, Program Director for UI's REACH Program was the speaker on August 16.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Aug 09, 2016
RYLA and World Affairs Seminar participants were speakers on August 9.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Aug 02, 2016
Liz Ford, Director, Iowa City Animal Care and Adoption Center was the speaker.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Aug 01, 2016
Casey Cook introduced Andree Schmidt as the week's speaker, who is an Acquatic Rehab specialist working at the North Dodge pool.
Andree Schmidt and Casey Cook
Posted by Liz Nichols on Jul 19, 2016
The speakers were Stephanie Fieckenster and Sara Klemuk from the Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Center
Posted by Liz Nichols on Jul 12, 2016
Deb Galbraith led "What Jazzes You Up" to interview new members Roxie Mitchell, Phil Jordan and Cole Lavarias.
Deb Galbraith with Roxie Mitchell, Phil Jordan and Cole Lavarias
Posted by Liz Nichols on Jul 05, 2016
Casey Cook led a panel discussion on the topic of preparing for retirement. Panel members included Mike O'Leary, Pam Ehly and Ann Romanowski.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Jul 04, 2016
Mike Messier gave the presentation on June 28 on Medicare and related health insurance issues.
Mike Messier
Posted by Liz Nichols on Jun 21, 2016
Speakers for the June 21 meeting were West High Interactors, Kasey and Kelsey Baller, who spoke about their experience in Xicotepec this spring. They were introduced by Nancy Pacha.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Jun 20, 2016
Jody Braverman and his step-daughter, Rachel Gomez, spoke at the June 14 meeting concerning their trip last February to participate in the India NID.
Jody Braverman and Rachel Gomez draped in India NID banner.
Posted by Liz Nichols on Jun 07, 2016
Deb Dunkhase presented a report about "Next Year" for AM Rotary.
Convention: City of peace
Though Atlanta has seen its share of violence and inequity over time, today it brims with reminders that there is another way. Get inspired while you're visiting for the 2017 Rotary International Convention from 10 to 14 June. Take a short walk from the convention center to the Center for Civil and Human Rights. There, you can see the handwritten notes, speeches, and sermons of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., experience an interactive 1960s-era lunch counter "sit-in," and learn more about persecuted groups all over the world. A streetcar will take you to the Martin Luther King Jr...
The Rotary Foundation ranked in list of top charities
CNBC has ranked The Rotary Foundation No. 3 in its annual list of Top 10 Charities Changing the World in 2016. The list includes some of the largest and highest-rated charities that help women, children, the poor, and the environment throughout the world, according to Charity Navigator, and that maintain high standards of financial health, accountability, and transparency of reporting. The Foundation was noted for connecting 1.2 million members from more than 200 geographic areas to tackle the world's most pressing humanitarian challenges, including projects that focus on disease prevention,...
Parts of Rotary.org unavailable from Saturday to Monday, 3-5 December
Parts of Rotary.org will be unavailable 3-5 December, beginning at 05:00 Chicago time (UTC-6), while we upgrade our membership database. During this time, areas that require sign-in (convention registration, club and district administration, grant application, giving, Rotary Club Central, etc.) and Club Finder will be unavailable. We apologize for the inconvenience.
Rotarians report email scam
Some Rotarians have reported receiving a scam email asking them to click a link to update names and contact information in a directory. The email, which stems from a gmail account, is not from Rotary.
Arch Klumph's hometown raises over $2 million through centennial celebration
Rotary members in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, celebrated 100 years of The Rotary Foundation on 23 October with a banquet and a concert by The Cleveland Orchestra that have so far raised more than $2.1 million for the Foundation's next century of good work. Arch Klumph, a Cleveland Rotarian, planted the seed for The Rotary Foundation in 1917, with his idea of having an endowment fund dedicated to "doing good in the world." Today's District 6630 leaders thought that a concert was a fitting way to honor Klumph and mark the centennial because of Klumph's love of music. Klumph performed in several...
Linda Walton
Jan 10, 2017
UI Health Sciences Associate Librarian; UI 6.5M Grant for Regional Medical Library
Greg Prickman
Jan 17, 2017
UI Special Collections and Archives Head Librarian: Unique Collections of the UI Libraries


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If they need a winter accessory they can wear on all their adventures, the Rafa boys' neck warmer is a perfect match. Designed with a microfleece panel, this neckwarmer can be worn 9 different ways. Whether they require a cap, scarf, hood or balaclava this neck warmer will be able to do it all and more.
The outer features a cool pattern that they will love to wear and is very soft so they will feel comfortable with it on. Great for hikes, walks, commute and ski trips, the Rafa neck warmer is a practical and smart of way of helping them brave cold spells.
HANSEL Kids Hat, Scarf & Glove Set
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A new edition of an established research-based text on one of the fastest growing topics in nursing: nurses dealing with this complex subject need to be kept up to date and this book written by a team of expert rheumatology nurses fills that role. The book's emphasis is on addressing the patients' problems, assessing the effects of the disease both on the body and psychologically and suggesting treatments best suited to the individual patient. It encourages nurses to work in partnership with the patients and their carers, adopting a holistic approach to care. Edited by an acknowledged international expert in the development of the specialty Covers the needs of all nurses involved with rheumatology patients both in hospital and at home Research-based and completely updated to include the latest developments in treatments available .
DETTAGLI PRODOTTO torna su
Titolo: Rheumatology Nursing : A Creative Approach
Autori: Hill
Editore: Wiley
Volume: Unico
Edizione: II 2006
Lingua: Inglese
Finitura: Copertina flessibile
Pagine: 560


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Home | Submit a file | New | Categories | RSS Feeds | Blog
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Welcome to the Friends of the Wesleyan Library
Fall Events
We had an exciting fall event schedule. Come back in a few months to view our spring schedule!
Friday, September 16, 2016 -- Constitution Day Lecture by Middletown Mayor Dan Drew -- "Are We Better Than Our Predecessors? Toward a New Era of Progress" -- 5:30 pm -- Smith Reading Room, Olin Memorial Library
Friday, October 28, 2016 -- Talk by photographer Nancy Ottmann Albert (MALS '94) on her exhibit "Documents in Black and White" -- 7:00 pm -- Develin Room, Ooin Memorial Library
Saturday, October 29, 2016 -- Annual Book Sale -- during Wesleyan's Family Weekend -- 10 am-4 pm -- Olin Memorial Library Lobby.
Saturday, November 5, 2016 -- New York City Grolier Exhibit and Print Fair Tour. Organized by the Friends of the Davison Art Center and the Friends of the Wesleyan Library
Wednesday, November 9, 2016 -- "Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter" -- A talk and book signing by co-editors Jordan T. Camp and Christina Heatherton -- 4:30-6:00 pm -- Smith Reading Room, 1st floor Olin Library
- Documents in Black and White -- October 5 - December 16, 2016, during library hours ▪ Special Collections & Archives exhibit cases - Photographs selected by the artist from the Nancy Ottmann Albert Collection, spanning the thirty years she spent documenting New England's built environment.
Click here for more details about Friends events.
To support the in-depth resources that the library provides for campus research and creative projects, please join the Friends!
If you, too, are passionate about research, learning, and books, you may want to sponsor a special projects, such as
- the conservation of rare books through the Adopt a Book Program
- digitization of highly used archival collections
- addition to an archival collection of oral histories of retired Wesleyan faculty
- a creative fellowship program for students for research in Special Collections & Archives.
Looking for other unique gifts or to honor or thank a special person? Additional ways to support the library in your gift giving include the Adopt a Book Program and gift memberships. Both are tax deductible. Thank you for generous support!
Email us at email@example.com for more information, to volunteer, or to receive a print copy of the library newsletter.
About the Friends of the Wesleyan Library
The Friends of the Wesleyan Library is a community of readers dedicated to celebrating and enjoying books of all kinds from vellum bound manuscripts to humble paperbacks to the latest digital innovation. The Friends raise funds to support the library's important work and activities including:
- Lectures, workshops, symposia, and exhibitions
- Consitution Day speakers
- The Adaptation Series - a collaboration with Wesleyan's Center for Film Studies
- Exhibitions in collaboration with the Davison Art Center and Center for the Arts
- Upcoming and Past Events
- Cataloging of hidden (currently inaccessible) collections
- Special preservation projects
- Publication of Check-it-Out, the library newsletter
Benefits of membership in the Friends of the Wesleyan Library
In addition to the satisfaction that comes from supporting the vital services of the library, members of the Friends of the Wesleyan Library also enjoy the following special privileges:
- Invitations to Friends-sponsored events
- Free special borrower privileges at the Wesleyan library
- Check It Out – published three times each year
The Friends of the Wesleyan Library offer six levels of annual membership.
Directions to Wesleyan University


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Plans to cut Metcash's dividend have made most of the headlines since the company warned on profits and released its strategic review last week, but the dividend is the least of shareholders' problems.
Metcash model is fundamentally flawed
This retailer's latest strategic review highlights its problems, but the suggested solutions are unlikely to fix them.
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Discovery-based research as curriculum basis: increasing student engagement through small world initiative
If you are currently a microbiologist, chances are your introductory microbiology lab course syllabus hadn't changed for decades. The course likely culminated in each student receiving an unknown bacterial sample, the identity of which was uncovered by applying techniques learned during the seme... Read More
While carbapenems aren't allowed to be given to feedlot animals, other beta-lactam antibiotics are. This is a large class of drugs that includes extended-spectrum cephalosporin drugs. There is no direct line between the use of these extended-spectrum cephalosporins and selection for carbapenem r... Read More
The TWiPniks docs solve the case of the Female from Peru with Epistaxis, and discuss the effect of community deworming on immunosuppression.
Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Read More
Susceptibility break points are a dirty compromise between clinical, pharmacokinetic. and epidemiological break points. Because they are a necessary compromise, there will always be disagreement, and they can never be perfect. Is there a better way? Read More
In this blog post, I share the creative projects that my Biology 350 (Microbiology) micronauts created this semester. They range from video parodies, to prose poems, to short-short stories to sculptures and needlepoint. Enjoy! Read More
I am talking here specifically about automation of the bacterial culture process, using Kiestra TLA (installed in my own lab early 2016), Copan WASP, etc. A useful bullet point summary for those who are considering a business case for their own laboratory. Read More
Are we, as microbiologists, getting too clever? Is our increasing theoretical knowledge actually hindering us in our goal of effective and realistic antimicrobial stewardship? Read this article to find out more! Read More


text: The Natural Resources, Part One wiki last edited by susurniek on 06/05/15 02:47PM View full history NATURAL RESOURCES CONTINUESThe mutants have proved their worth, but at what cost?Kitty makes a choice that could haunt her foreverRising star, Mahmud Asrar (Supergirl) joins the creative team!The X-Men are being attacked by police.Two weeks earlier, Kitty, James and Storm explore the now green desert island of Utopia. They build homes there and more people are coming to join them.Rogue enjoys the forest because it is life she can touch without danger.Warpath and Psylocke also hide in the forest and discuss their plans.Farbird reports to Karen Grant, telling her that it failed to locate the mutants because of the vegetation. She talks to Liz on the phone and asks her to call her "Jean Grey" from now on.The mutants are working on their community and building things they need with all of their abilities.Nomi practices her gun and phasing skills in the forest.In Washington, D.C. politicians discuss how they can end the successes of the mutants soon.Back in Utopia, Jimmy makes a deal with Warpath.


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Translation of "greenhouse" - English-Catalan dictionary
(Translation of "greenhouse" from the Cambridge English-Catalan Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Get a quick, free translation!
Create and share your own word lists and quizzes for free!
More translations of "greenhouse" in Catalan
Word of the Day
a pet that no longer has a home or cannot find its home


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Antique Oaxaca Gold Pearl Pendant Necklace Victorian
browse these categories for related items...
Directory: Estate Jewelry: Gold: Victorian: Pre 1930: Item # 1226660
Directory: Estate Jewelry: Gold: Victorian: Pre 1930: Item # 1226660
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A Wonderful Antique Oaxaca Gold Pearl Pendant Necklace Victorian, circa 1920. This beautiful piece was made in Oaxaca, Mexico, the center of the county's arts. The pendant is made of gold, tests to be about 12K to 14K in gold content, and lustrous pearls. The details are all handmade. This type of jewelry was usually reserved for weddings and special events and was not made for the tourist trade, which makes these pieces hard to find. The pendant measures about 1 1/2 inches long with the bail by about 3/4 inch wide. This piece is estimated to date somewhere around 1920's and is in lovely vintage condition.


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Drawbacks to part-time MBA programs
| June 21,2013 02:06 pm IST
In our article that was published yesterday, we discussed some of the key challenges and advantages of pursuing a part-time MBA. Today, we are bringing to you some of drawback associated with part-time MBA programmes.
1. Stress
Managing classes as well as work at the same time needs commitment and good time management skills. Having a packed schedule like this may also bring in a good amount of stress. One should have the ability to handle stress in order to give their best at work as well as studies.
2. No summer internship
Unlike regular MBA students, b-schools do not send part-time students for summer internships. Summer internship is important in case of candidates who plan to switch career after MBA. For instance, if you are an engineer planning to switch career in finance industry you would certainly be interested in trying the knowledge gained in classes at work. A summer internship provides the opportunity to put theoretical knowledge in practical situations. But a part-time MBA programme does not offer this opportunity.
3. Academic involvement
Another disadvantage of a part-time MBA is that students do not get advantage of immersing in the academic environment of a full time programme. Continuing your full time job acts as a simultaneous distraction from studies.
4. Getting recognized by your company
As discussed in the previous article, it may be difficult to get your boss recognize the value of your newly acquired skills. Thus you may have to look for a new job to earn promotion and better responsibilities.
Also Read: Challenges and Advantages of a Part-time MBA
5. Beware of low-quality part-time programs
If you are planning to go for a part-time MBA be sure that the programme that you are opting for is AICTE or UGC approved. Ask the admission department of your college to confirm this. You can also seek help of fellow aspirants or those who have already done part-time MBA on MBA forums.


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Pet Sitting & Drop In Visits in New Middletown, IN
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|Longterm Rate Six months and more
|฿ 35,000 / Month
Rate depends on your dates. Please inquire for additional info.Minimal rent period: 1 year
Single house with 3 bedroom and 1 office room for rent in Cherng Talay, secure and nice development with a large garden only 5 minutes drive from Cherng Talay Police Station and Heroine Monuments. Very close to Bang Tao and Surin Beach
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3 bedroom modern single house not far from Bang Tao and Lanyan
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Since 1973 the Travis Insurance Agency has been proudly serving the Insurance and Financial needs of families in VA, MD, DC, DE, FL, NC, OH, PA, TN, TX, and WV. The Travis Agency is one of Nationwide Insurance and their Affiliates' premier agencies for sales and service in a group of over 5,000 offices.
Mike and his Team of Managers and Staff are professionals who understand you and your insurance needs and will go the extra mile to win your trust. They really care about you and your family's needs.
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Beautiful ultra-high-res screen. Thousands of apps. Wi-Fi hotspot mode.
No 4G. Needs a bumper for best reception.
Our lab tests show that Verizon's iPhone 4 is just as good as the popular AT&T model, if not slightly better. If you've been lusting for an iPhone, but AT&T's network coverage doesn't work for you, the Verizon iPhone will be your savior. But if you didn't want an iPhone before, there's nothing new here to change your mind.
PCMag.com's lead mobile analyst, Sascha Segan, has reviewed hundreds of smartphones, tablets and other gadgets in more than 9 years with PCMag. He's the head of our Fastest Mobile Networks project, one of the hosts of the daily PCMag Live Web show and speaks frequently in mass media on cell-phone-related issues. His commentary has appeared on ABC, the BBC, the CBC, CNBC, CNN, Fox News, and in newspapers from San Antonio, Texas to Edmonton, Alberta.
Segan is also a multiple award-winning travel writer, having contributed...
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Windows has a chance to steal creative types away from the Mac platform. Here's why I switched.
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Pebble is dead. Long live these other smartwatches and trackers, none of which are quite as good.
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The beta product lets you put multiple numbers on one phone, or spread one number over many phones.
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