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Redemption is the purchasing back of something that had been lost, by the payment of a ransom. The Greek word so rendered is apolutrosis, a word occurring nine times in Scripture, and always with the idea of a ransom or price paid, (see Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45). There are instances in the Old Testament of the use of lutron in man's relation to man (Leviticus 19:20; 25:51; Exodus 21:30 ; Numbers 35:31, 32; Isaiah 45:13; Proverbs 6:35), and in the same sense of man's relation to God (Numbers 3:49; 18:15).
There are many passages in the New Testament which represent Christ's sufferings under the idea of a ransom or price, and the result thereby secured is a purchase or redemption (Acts 20:28; 1 Corinthians 6:19, 20; Galatians 3:13; 4:4, 5; Ephesians 1:7; Colossians 1:14; 1 Timothy 2:5, 6; Titus 2:14; Hebrews 9:12; 1 Peter 1:18, 19; Revelation 5:9). The idea running through all these texts, however various their reference, is that of payment made for our redemption. The debt against us is not viewed as simply canceled, but is fully paid. Christ's blood or life, which he surrendered for them, is the "ransom" by which the deliverance of his people from the servitude of sin and from its penal consequences is secured. It is the plain doctrine of Scripture that "Christ saves us neither by the mere exercise of power, nor by his doctrine, nor by his example, nor by the moral influence which he exerted, nor by any subjective influence on his people, whether natural or mystical, but as a satisfaction to divine justice, as an expiation for sin, and as a ransom from the curse and authority of the law, thus reconciling us to God by making it consistent with his perfection to exercise mercy toward sinners" (Hodge's Systematic Theology).
|Strong's #
|Definition (# times used)
|redemption (1)
|to redeem, act as kinsman (25)
|redemption, perh. kin (13)
|to ransom (28)
|ransom (2)
|a ransom (2)
|to get, acquire (1)
|to buy up, i.e. ransom, fig. to rescue from (1)
|to release by paying a ransom, to redeem (2)
|a ransoming, a redemption (3)
|a release effected by payment of ransom (9)
|Brings peace, joy and rest
|Jeremiah 50:34
|Cannot be done by acts of men
|Psalm 49:7-8, 1 Peter 1:18-19
|Done because of God's love
|Psalm 44:26, 103:4, 130:7, Isaiah 54:8
|Done by God
|Exodus 6:6, 15:13, Deuteronomy 15:15, 21:8, 24:18, 2 Samuel 4:9, 7:23, 1 Kings 1:29, 1 Chronicles 17:21, Nehemiah 1:10, Job 19:25, 33:28, Psalms 19:14, 25:22, 26:11, 34:22, 44:26, 49:7, 15, 55:18, 69:18, 71:23, 74:2, 77:15, 78:35, 103:4, 111:9, 119:154, 130:7, 8, Proverbs 23:11, Isaiah 41:14, 43:14, 44:6, 23, 24, 47:4, 48:17, 20, 49:26, 52:9, 54:5, 8, 59:20, 63:16, Jeremiah 50:34, Lamentations 3:58, Hosea 7:13, Zechariah 10:8, Luke 1:68, 2:38, Romans 3:24
|Done for people who trust in God
|Nehemiah 1:10, Psalm 34:22, 74:2
|Done through God's grace
|Psalm 26:11, Romans 3:24, Ephesians 1:5-7
|God redeems our physical bodies
|Psalm 25:22, Romans 8:23
|God redeems our souls
|Job 33:28, Psalm 34:22, 49:8, 15, 55:18, 69:18, 71:23, Lamentations 3:58
|Includes forgiveness from sin
|Psalms 130:8, Isaiah 44:22, Colossians 1:13-14, Titus 2:14, Hebrews 9:15
|Is eternal
|Hebrews 9:12, 15
|Not done for rebellious
|Hosea 7:13
|Pledged through the Holy Spirit
|Ephesians 1:13-14, 4:30
|Promised by God's word
|Psalms 119:154
|Received through repentance
|Isaiah 1:27, 59:20
|Redeemed are called (predestined) by God
|Isaiah 43:1, 49:7, Ephesians 1:5-7, Hebrews 9:15
|Through the blood of Jesus Christ
|Romans 3:24, 1 Corinthians 1:30, Galatians 3:13, 4:4-5, Ephesians 1:5-7, Colossians 1:13-14, Titus 2:14, Hebrews 9:12, 15, 1 Peter 1:18-19
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- My Attorney
- Going to Heaven Are We?
- Did Jesus Command Baptism in Order to be Saved?
- Water Baptism... Is it Necessary for Salvation?
- Forgiveness of Sin
- Sanctification
- Consecration
- Is Confession Necessary for Forgiveness of Sin for the Christian?
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- just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many." (Matthew 20:28)
- "For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many." (Mark 10:45)
- 'Now if a man lies carnally with a woman who is a slave acquired for another man, but who has in no way been redeemed, nor given her freedom, there shall be punishment; they shall not, however, be put to death, because she was not free. (Leviticus 19:20)
- 'If there are still many years, he shall refund part of his purchase price in proportion to them for his own redemption; (Leviticus 25:51)
- "If a ransom is demanded of him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is demanded of him. (Exodus 21:30)
- 'Moreover, you shall not take ransom for the life of a murderer who is guilty of death, but he shall surely be put to death. And you shall not take ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, that he may return to live in the land before the death of the priest. (Numbers 35:31-32)
- "I have aroused him in righteousness, And I will make all his ways smooth; He will build My city, and will let My exiles go free, Without any payment or reward," says the LORD of hosts. Isaiah 45:13)
- He will not accept any ransom, Nor will he be content though you give many gifts. (Proverbs 6:35)
- So Moses took the ransom money from those who were in excess, beyond those ransomed by the Levites... "Every first issue of the womb of all flesh, whether man or animal, which they offer to the LORD, shall be yours; nevertheless the first-born of man you shall surely redeem, and the first-born of unclean animals you shall redeem. (Numbers 3:49; 18:15)
- "Be on guard for yourselves and for all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood. (Acts 20:28)
- Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and that you are not your own? For you have been bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body. (1 Corinthians 6:19, 20)
- Christ redeemed us from the curse of the Law, having become a curse for us-- for it is written, "CURSED IS EVERYONE WHO HANGS ON A TREE"... But when the fulness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the Law, in order that He might redeem those who were under the Law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. (Galatians 3:13; 4:4- 5)
- In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of His grace, (Ephesians 1:7)
- in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins. (Colossians 1:14)
- For there is one God, and one mediator also between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave Himself as a ransom for all, the testimony borne at the proper time. (1 Timothy 2:5, 6)
- who gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and purify for Himself a people for His own possession, zealous for good deeds. (Titus 2:14)
- and not through the blood of goats and calves, but through His own blood, He entered the holy place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption. (Hebrews 9:12)
- knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things like silver or gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. (1 Peter 1:18, 19)
- And they sang a new song, saying, "Worthy art Thou to take the book, and to break its seals; for Thou wast slain, and didst purchase for God with Thy blood men from every tribe and tongue and people and nation. (Revelation 5:9)
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Last updated June 21, 2008


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No use - NEW OLD STOCK!
This set has beautiful shed antler handles.
George Butler & Co. Sheffield, England Non-Stain
Knife is 14" long
2 inch crack in "fork" handle (as shown). This is an old age crack. It will not affect the use of the set and is not unusual with antler handles. It should never get any worse.
Box is very solid & in very nice condition.
See something you like - make us an offer! We are clearing inventory and considering all offers!
We will consider offers on nearly all of our items - please contact us!


text: There are 5 bedrooms, some four poster bedrooms, but all are unique in style with separate bathrooms or shower rooms, which are accessed by steep spiral stairs from the first floor. The master bedroom is the Blue bedroom on the second floor, which has an antique four poster double bed with steps. This is a large room with writing desk at the window and an en-suite bathroom. The rest of the bedrooms include a selection of good sized rooms, with double beds and four poster double beds, each with an allocated bathroom. The bathrooms are all different from each other, including a shower room and a wet room. On request, it may be possible to make-up a bedroom at ground level.


text:
SYDNEY — After five years of negotiations, Aussie animation and production group Energee Entertain-ment has beaten such U.S. contenders as Disney and Jim Henson Prods. to acquire movie and merchandising rights to classic Oz kids book "The Magic Pudding."Authored by the late Norman Lindsay, the book, about a pudding that can be eaten forever, has been in print con-tinuously since 1918. Local kids writer Morris Gleitzman has inked to write an adaptation for an animated feature. Energee will seek an international distribber at April's Mip TV market. Meanwhile, recently launched production group Screentime also has beaten overseas contenders to secure screen rights to Bryce Courtenay's fictional account of Euro settlement of Australia, "The Potato Factory." The book has hit bestseller lists in Australia, the U.K., New Zealand and South Africa. Screentime will begin shooting a miniseries early next year. Both Courtenay and Lindsay's granddaughter, Helen Glad, said they deliberately chose local companies to bring their works to the bigscreen.
Oz's Energee wins 'Magic Pudding' rights
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As the mighty Rak has just told you, my name's Bradalee, but feel free to call me Brad. I'm a 24 year old Scottish guy who studies game design, loves football, adores music and going to gigs and gets majorly hyped for anything sci-fi. Oh, and i'm blunt, crude, insulting and i probably dislike you already. I'm also a forum moderator, so feel free to message me if you have any issues or questions, i can put aside my hateful nature to help you out if you need anything. Probably...
As for my anime habits....i'm what you would can an idiot. I pick up almost every new show that starts in each new season, and end up bogged down in 30 shows, 25 of which i'll inevitably end up hating. Buuuuuut that's fine, because i love raging and tearing into shitty shows on the forums, i think i might actually get more of a kick out of watching shows i hate that ones i love. I'm kind of messed up. So since i'm willing to give anything a shot i don't really have a set taste as such, but i suppose the shows i'm most interested in these days are anything sci-fi or to do with space, anything with an original or quirky concept or anything that hints at a more grown up story than your average high school romcom. Oh, and Mahouka is the worst show ever, fuck anyone who likes that filth.
And all my anime ratings are purely subjective, so based entirely on my enjoyment of the series, regardless of its flaws. Flaws will only impact on the score if it damaged my enjoyment of the show, if they were present but didn't annoy me then i'll ignore them for the scoring.
12,166 total episodes
Hiya, how is it going? I'm currently 5 episodes into the 2nd season of Minami-ke and I have to agree with you, it's different. But I'm still enjoying it nonethe.. actually a little bit less haha
Let me know if the 3rd season is any better when you start it, if you still haven't watched these.. you're the fastest anime watcher I know after all :3
K-On! was alright, I liked it back then, but not so much or as much you do. Lucky Star was more my thing, but since I'm into guitars and such right now I might dig it even more. Will consider !! after Minami.
Oh and right.. BakaBT lol I've had a crappy internet for the past 2 years and so does my seed rating there and pretty much everywhere went to shit red as well -_-
Yep I'm also loving the characters of Minami-ke, the male cast is hilarious too. Gonna finish the 1st season today and will slowly move on to the next 2. And while I'm still on this kinda train might even pick up K-On!! or something. Want something plotless and fun lol
Hey man, I see you started watching Minami-ke. How do you like it? I just watched 12th episode and I think it's weird that I like it, hope I'm not the only one who does? Though the average score says I'm not lol
Oh and how did you managed not to marathon Kaiji in one or two goes.. it's awesome stuff.
Dammit Brad, don't you dare miss out on another DTAB event. Especially the one YOU suggested. *Flips Table.


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Nitrosation of nicotine or its metabolites in the human body could lead to formation of the 2 carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines—N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).
We investigated the possibility of endogenous formation of NNN in people who had stopped smoking and used the 21-mg nicotine patch for 6 months. We quantified urinary biomarkers of exposure to NNN—the sum of NNN and its pyridine-N-glucuronide, referred to as total NNN. Also measured were NNK metabolites—the sum of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its N- and O-glucuronides, referred to as total NNAL.
The average decline of urinary total NNN was less drastic than that of total NNAL: 22% of baseline total NNN and 7.3% of baseline total NNAL were detected in urine 24 weeks after smoking cessation and patch use (p = .02). The average ratio of total NNN to total NNAL in the same urine samples increased from 0.14 in baseline urine to 0.38 after 24 weeks of nicotine patch use.
Overall, these results demonstrate that endogenous formation of NNN may occur in nicotine patch users. However, the levels of urinary total NNN during patch use were generally extremely low. Moreover, in 10 of 20 subjects analyzed here, the rate of decline in total NNN was similar to that in total NNAL, indicating that endogenous formation of NNN is virtually nonexistent in these subjects. Supplementation with ascorbic acid could be a simple approach to block possible NNN formation in nicotine patch users.
Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 3 million annual deaths worldwide and causes approximately 30% of all cancer deaths in developed countries (Peto et al., 1996; World Health Organization [WHO], 1997). More than 1 billion smokers and hundreds of millions of smokeless tobacco users worldwide are at risk for tobacco-induced cancer (Hatsukami & Severson, 1999; Pershagen, 1996; WHO, 1997). Complete cessation of tobacco use in any form is the only way to reduce tobacco-related cancer risk in these people. However, tobacco use is highly addictive, a property attributed to the alkaloid nicotine, the only known addictive component of tobacco (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1988). Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products are designed to aid smoking cessation by reducing withdrawal symptoms, thereby eliminating exposure to high levels of toxicants and carcinogens abundant in tobacco and cigarette smoke (Schnoll & Lerman, 2006). A number of NRT products are currently used for this purpose, including nicotine patches, gum, lozenges, and others.
Objective evaluation of the potential health effects of these products is indisputably necessary, especially in cases of long-term use. One of our concerns is the possibility of endogenous nitrosation of nicotine or its metabolites in humans, which could lead to formation in NRT users of the two most carcinogenic of the commonly occurring tobacco-specific nitrosamines—N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; Caldwell, Greene, Plowchalk, & deBethizy, 1991; Carmella, Borukhova, Desai, & Hecht, 1997; Hecht et al., 1978; Hecht, Hochalter, Villalta, & Murphy, 2000). NNN and NNK are believed to play an important role in the induction by tobacco products of cancers of the lung, esophagus, oral cavity, and pancreas (reviewed in Hecht, 1998) and are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (2008) as carcinogenic to humans.
We have demonstrated that nicotine-derived nitrosamines are virtually absent in NRT products (Stepanov, Jensen, Hatsukami, & Hecht, 2006). However, it is possible that NNN and NNK could be formed endogenously in people who use these products, leading to their continuous exposure to these powerful carcinogens—an unacceptable risk, particularly in the case of long-term use. Extensive studies have shown that endogenous formation of N-nitrosamines commonly occurs in humans through the reaction of dietary precursors with nitrosating agents supplied by diet, reduction of dietary nitrate, and endogenously produced nitric oxide (Bartsch, Ohshima, Pignatelli, & Calmels, 1989; Marletta, 1988; Mirvish, 1995; Shepard, Schlatter, & Lutz, 1987). It has been demonstrated that NNN is formed endogenously in F344 rats treated with nicotine or nornicotine and sodium nitrite (Carmella et al., 1997; Porubin, Hecht, Li, Gonta, & Stepanov, 2007). However, a study of smokers who had stopped smoking showed no difference in the levels of NNK metabolites—the sum of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its N- and O-glucuronides, referred to as total NNAL—in nicotine patch users compared with those who did not use the nicotine patch, providing no evidence that NNK was formed endogenously from nicotine (Hecht et al., 1999) even though its secondary amine precursor is a nicotine metabolite (Hecht et al., 2000).
Depending on the conditions of the reaction of nicotine with sodium nitrite, NNN is formed in up to 10 times higher yield than NNK (Hecht et al., 1978). Moreover, nicotine in smokers and nicotine patch users is metabolized to nornicotine (Benowitz, Jacob, Fong, & Gupta, 1994; Hukkanen, Jacob, & Benowitz, 2005), which, as a secondary amine, can be nitrosated to form NNN at a far greater rate than nicotine (Mirvish, Sams, & Hecht, 1977). Rose, Levin, and Benowitz (1993) demonstrated that subjects using the nicotine patch concentrate nicotine and cotinine in their saliva, and it is possible that nornicotine also could be concentrated in saliva. After saliva containing nornicotine and nitrite is swallowed, the stomach provides favorable conditions for nitrosation (Mirvish, 1975; Mirvish et al., 1977). Therefore, in the present study we further investigated the possibility of endogenous formation of NNN in humans by quantifying urinary biomarkers of exposure to this carcinogen—the sum of unchanged NNN and its pyridine-N-glucuronide, referred to as total NNN (Stepanov & Hecht, 2005)—in people who had stopped smoking and used the nicotine patch for 6 months. Figure 1 outlines the hypothesized pathway of endogenous NNN formation in nicotine patch users. Total NNAL also was measured.
The study was approved by the appropriate institutional review boards. Smokers were recruited through newspaper and television advertisements and participated in initial telephone screening, followed by an in-person history and physical examination to confirm the absence of any exclusionary medications or medical conditions. Eligible participants were those who smoked at least 10 cigarettes/day for the past year.
At the initial visit, participants completed questionnaires regarding their smoking history and nicotine dependence level (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence) and provided an exhaled carbon monoxide sample for biochemical confirmation of smoking status and a urine sample. Following a prequit counseling visit, participants started gradual reduction of the number of cigarettes per day over the course of 2 weeks (nicotine fading), until their quit date. Starting with the quit day, participants used the 21-mg nicotine patch daily for 24 weeks and provided spot urine samples 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after the quit day. A follow-up urine sample was collected 28 weeks after the quit day. Self-reported smoking was assessed at each visit and biochemically verified with carbon monoxide (<10 ppm). Of 215 initially recruited subjects, 70 attended five or six sessions. The present analysis includes 20 participants with biochemically confirmed abstinence from smoking.
A total of 10 nonsmoking volunteers recruited at the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, provided spot urine samples. These samples were analyzed to generate negative reference data.
Urine was collected into polypropylene containers and stored at −20 °C until analysis. Total NNN and total NNAL were analyzed essentially as previously described (Hecht et al., 1999; Porubin et al., 2007; Stepanov & Hecht, 2005). Negative control samples (water blanks) were added to each set of urine samples. If a urine sample collected after the quit date had elevated levels of total NNN or total NNAL, it was analyzed for anatabine to validate abstinence from smoking (Jacob, Yu, Liang, Shulgin, & Benowitz, 1993).
We used SigmaPlot 2001 version 7.101 to determine the relationship of baseline urinary total NNN to total NNAL and to compare the mean levels of total NNN and total NNAL at various timepoints of the study.
Of the 20 people for whom we report data, 11 completed the program (six timepoints) and the remaining 9 completed 24 weeks of nicotine patch use after their quit date but did not provide the follow-up urine sample. Average participant age was 44 years (SD = 8, range = 26–61); 19 (95%) were White and 13 (65%) were male. The average baseline smoking level was 22 cigarettes/day (SD = 11).
Table 1 summarizes urine levels of total NNN and total NNAL at various timepoints during the study. Mean levels of total NNN and total NNAL in baseline urine were 0.12 pmol/ml (SD = 0.10, range = 0.007–0.35) and 1.1 pmol/ml (SD = 0.80, range = 0.095–2.9), respectively, and these values were correlated (r = .44, p = .046).
We found a considerable initial decline in total NNN and total NNAL levels after cessation of smoking: 4 weeks after the quit date, mean total NNN and mean total NNAL dropped to 0.028 pmol/ml urine (SD = 0.039) and 0.15 pmol/ml urine (SD = 0.10), respectively. Urinary excretion of total NNN in Subject 6 was the same at baseline and after 4, 8, and 28 weeks of nicotine patch use. Subject 13 had similar total NNN at baseline and after 8 weeks of patch use. After 8 weeks of being on the patch, Subjects 12 and 16 had higher total NNN compared with baseline. Anatabine, a tobacco alkaloid structurally related to nicotine, is not likely to be present in foods or to have other sources of exposure and is not present in nicotine-containing medications. It can be used to validate abstinence or measure the extent of tobacco use in persons undergoing NRT (Jacob et al., 2002). Therefore, samples with elevated levels of total NNN or total NNAL were analyzed for anatabine and compared with baseline anatabine levels in the same subjects. Two samples, denoted by "S" in Table 1, had anatabine levels comparable with those in the baseline urine and were not used in further analyses.
The amount of total NNN was calculated as the percentage of total NNAL for each subject at each timepoint to compare the relative amounts of the analytes (see Table 1). Mean values for total NNN expressed as the percentage of total NNAL also were determined after exclusion of Subjects 6, 12, 13, and 16 (Figure 2).
Individual values of total NNN and total NNAL during nicotine patch use were compared with the baseline values for each subject. The baseline values were set at 100%, and the percentage of baseline was calculated for each subject at each timepoint after the quit day. The mean urinary excretion of total NNN and total NNAL, expressed as a percentage of the baseline value, is illustrated in Figures 3A (all subjects) and B (Subjects 6, 12, 13, and 16 excluded).
Total NNN was detected in 4 of 10 urine samples from nonsmokers reportedly unexposed to secondhand smoke (detection limit = ~0.001 pmol NNN/ml urine). Average total NNN in these samples was 0.002 pmol/ml urine (SD = 0.001).
This is the first study in which urinary biomarkers of the nicotine-derived carcinogen NNN were measured in people who had stopped smoking and used the nicotine patch for 6 months. For the majority of our subjects, urinary total NNN declined considerably after smoking cessation. However, in some subjects, total NNN at one or more timepoints after smoking cessation was comparable with or higher than baseline levels. The overall decline of urinary total NNN was less drastic than that of total NNAL. These results support the hypothesis that endogenous NNN formation occurs in some nicotine patch users.
Urinary total NNN is a relatively new biomarker. To strengthen the reliability of the results obtained here for total NNN, we also measured total NNAL—an established and commonly measured urinary metabolite of the related nicotine-derived carcinogen NNK. Interindividual variation in total NNN and total NNAL observed in the baseline urine samples (see Table 1) was consistent with that reported previously (Carmella, Akerkar, Richie, & Hecht, 1995; Stepanov & Hecht, 2005). The levels of total NNN and correlation between total NNN and total NNAL in baseline urine also were similar to those reported earlier (Stepanov & Hecht, 2005). The initial decrease in urinary total NNN was similar to that observed for total NNAL in our subjects (see Table 1), which was consistent with the results of our previous study that dealt with the excretion of total NNAL after smoking cessation (Hecht et al., 1999). After this initial decrease, however, mean total NNN fluctuated around the value reached 4 weeks after smoking cessation, while the decline in mean total NNAL stopped after 8 weeks of abstinence from smoking. Four subjects had levels of urinary total NNN that were elevated over or comparable with baseline at one or more timepoints after smoking cessation, indicating that endogenous nitrosation of nicotine does take place.
Different rates of decline in urinary total NNN and total NNAL during nicotine patch use are reflected in the ratio of total NNN to total NNAL in the same urine samples (see Table 1). In the baseline urine samples, total NNN was an average 14% of total NNAL, which is consistent with the previously reported ratio between these biomarkers (Stepanov & Hecht, 2005). This value increased in samples collected after smoking cessation, and after 24 weeks of nicotine patch use it averaged 38%. This increase in total NNN to total NNAL ratio also was observed when the four subjects who had elevated urinary total NNN after smoking cessation were not included in the data analysis (see Figure 2). When expressed as a percentage of the baseline level, total NNN in the urine of patch users was more persistent than total NNAL. Thus, 24 weeks after smoking cessation, urinary total NNN in all our subjects was an average 22% of baseline NNN, whereas this value for total NNAL was 7.3% (see Figure 3A); this difference was statistically significant (p = .02). Calculations made without inclusion of Subjects 6, 12, 13, and 16 produced similar results (see Figure 3B); however, the statistical power of this difference decreased (p = .06). We further excluded Subjects 2, 7, 11, 14, 19, and 20, who, at any timepoint starting with 8 weeks of patch use, had in their urine 20% or more of the baseline total NNN. Exclusion of these subjects left 10 (50% of our participants) who demonstrated a decrease in total NNN similar to that of total NNAL over the study period (see Figure 3C). This stratified analysis indicated that endogenous formation of NNN is more or less extensive in some patch users and is virtually nonexistent in others.
The difference in the average rates of decrease of total NNN and total NNAL in the urine of some long-term patch users is consistent with the results of kinetic studies that show that nitrosation of nicotine produces more NNN than NNK (Hecht et al., 1978) and that nornicotine is nitrosated more readily than is nicotine (Mirvish et al., 1977), supporting endogenous NNN formation in patch users via nitrosation of nicotine or metabolically formed nornicotine. Ascorbic acid is an effective inhibitor of endogenous nitrosation (Mirvish, 1986, 1994; Mirvish, Wallcave, Eagen, & Shubik, 1972), and we have demonstrated that it inhibits endogenous NNN formation in rats treated with nornicotine and sodium nitrite (Porubin et al., 2007). Therefore, a simple approach to block possible NNN formation in nicotine patch users could be supplementation with ascorbic acid.
The absence of a control group in which subjects did not use any NRT product after they quit smoking is the major limitation of the present study. Factors other than endogenous formation, such as low rate of NNN clearance from the body and secondhand smoke exposure, also could contribute to the total NNN levels observed here. However, the kinetics of NNN clearance from the body is unknown, and there are no published studies on total NNN levels in nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. Comparison with a placebo patch group would allow us to address these issues. Also, users of other kinds of NRT products should be studied. In nicotine gum chewers and users of nicotine lozenges, for example, nicotine goes directly to the stomach, where conditions are highly favorable for nitrosation reactions (Mirvish, 1975; Shepard et al., 1987).
In summary, the results of the present study demonstrate that endogenous formation of NNN may occur in some nicotine patch users. However, our findings should not call into question the use of nicotine patch as a smoking cessation product. NRT is an effective tool in the treatment of nicotine dependence. Smoking cessation and use of NRT products significantly decrease exposure to a wide range of carcinogens and toxicants present in cigarette smoke, and the levels of urinary total NNN and total NNAL during patch use were generally extremely low in our study. In the future, supplementation with ascorbic acid could be a simple approach to block possible endogenous NNN formation in nicotine patch users. Similar studies involving other types of NRT products should be conducted.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; National Institutes of Health (CA-81301, DA-013333, and P50CA/DA-84718).
None declared.
The authors thank Bradley Lieberman for technical assistance, Katie Wickham for help with anatabine analysis, Peter W. Villalta for help with mass spectrometry techniques, and Bob Carlson for editorial assistance.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Results in Resin Nissan Contemporary Diecast Cars, Trucks & Vans
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Jenn Selke avait besoin d'un nouveau design de Tee-shirt et a lancé un concours sur 99designs.
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Peter John Kay (born 2 July 1973) is an English comedian, writer, actor, director and producer from Lancashire. His work includes That Peter Kay Thing (2000), Phoenix Nights (2001), Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere (2004), Britain's Got the Pop Factor... (2008) and other independent productions which have included two sell-out tours. Kay has sold over ten million DVDs, a UK record for a comedian. His Tour That Didn't Tour - Tour sold over 1.2 million tickets, making it officially the world's most successful live stand-up comedy show. Peter Kay was born in Farnworth, near Bolton, Lancashire, to an English father, Michael John Kay (1948--1999), and a Northern Irish mother, Margaret Deirdre O'Neill, who comes from County Tyrone.
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58, Seattle, WAI am a Seattle native, I have a mechanical mind, I like restorations of any kind, If it casts a shadow it's restorable, I like working with my hands, I'm rather good at it. I like road trips and camping, I used to hike, bike, ski and rollerblade a lot more than now. I bet I can be talked into it again. There was a time that I enjoyed cuttin a rug. I am a grandpa. I work a modified swing shift so that would have to be OK, Looking forward to the next phase in this life, it's important for myself to share the rest of it here with someone that has the same faith base. I am in the process of simplification . To devote more time to the faith and a possible relationship shared within it. I had a stem cell transplant april 2013, The Father granted me an extension to my visit here on earth. I praise him! NEW UPDATE FOR GIGGLES, I'VE INCLUDED A FEW NEW PICS . I'M DOING VERY WELL ACCORDING TO MY HEALTH CARE FRIENDS. I'VE BEEN BACK TO WORK FULL TIME FOR A YEAR NOW . I'm still getting projects knocked out. I'm happy, and extremely thank full to the Lord, for the strong will he's bestowed. Thank you to all that have given positive thoughts and prayers for my recovery, they're workin! Thought it would be fun to post up some new pictures. Have pleasant holidays coming up. Daniel 10/20/14 new pic's of boy and me. I'm doing great! I thank the Lord for his Grace and appreciate the strength given for the fight he granted me . Best wishes to you all! Dan
54, Issaquah, WAI am considered by some of my friends as an extrovert, however, I consider myself shy at first, and extroverted once I get to know someone and get comfortable with them. I enjoy attending sporting events, cultural events. I travel some with work. I'm a cradle Catholic who went to parochial grade school, high school with the Carmelites and a Catholic college (University of San Diego).
67, Longview, WAI received word that the Annulment (2nd Instance court) was granted a week before Halloween (October 2014). I like being Catholic and for that reason I undertook the examination of my prior marriage by the Church and for it to determine if it was a Sacramental bond. The Church conducted that examination via the Canon Law and Tribunal and determined that I was free to marry. I would like to meet someone with a similiar view as to being Catholic. My photos come from 2012 and have not changed - I'm still 5'10" and 162 pounds. Hopefully, tomorrow -Thanksgiving - my friends will take some new pictures that include me and I can post them. Right now the most important thing is celebrating the Christmas season as the coming birth of Jesus. I am fortunate to be able to share with my friends things I am making in my kitchen. It is a wonderful thing to share these baked goods that I so enjoy. There are so many things in Portland, Oregon to see during the Christmas season. The present moment needs to be lived as best as one can - that brings joy.
34, Hoquiam, WAHi my name is Buster and I'm from Hoquiam, a small fishing/logging community near the pacific coast of Washington. I have never done the online thing but figured I'd give it a shot since it's really difficult to find single Catholics in my area. I went to Gonzaga University in Spokane, WA and have also lived in Olympia, WA and Kansas City. Due to the slow economy I am currently working in North Dakota in the oil industry. Being Catholic is very important to me and I'd have to say it has shaped the person I am today and defines who I am above anything else. I have a very strong faith in God and believe it's an essential factor in getting through the trials and tribulations life throws at us. I believe that every day is a gift, try not to take anything for granted and I live life to the fullest. I've been called an "old soul" by people, probably because I am old school, conservative in my beliefs, and find happiness in the simple things in life. That being said, I feel that sometimes people lose track of the important things in life because of all the distractions in this crazy world. I always try to find the best in people and keep a positive attitude. I have a small family but my family and friends are everything to me. They push me to be a better person and I love them for that. I like to think I'm a well rounded person. I enjoy learning from other people and meeting all types of people. I like to have serious conversations but I also have a GREAT sense of humor and laugh a LOT because life is way too short to worry about little things! I love the outdoors, it is where I feel closest to God because He is all around me. I love to fish and my other hobbies include playing sports ( big fan of Notre Dame football, Green Bay Packers, Gonzaga basketball), hunting, clam digging, going to the ocean, learning to play the guitar, working out, shooting guns,music (country, folk, bluegrass, alternative, classic rock and even a little hip hop) and I love to travel. I've been to most of the lower 48 states and Hawaii and Mexico and like visiting the South (Alabama, Louisiana, Tennessee, NC,SC) I really would like to travel to Ireland someday! As you can tell, I'm an active person with many interests. Even though I'm a small town kind of guy, I'm definitely not narrowminded and enjoy venturing out to new places! Most importantly, I know how to treat a woman right so If you're looking to meet an honest, down to earth guy who likes to have fun give me a shout!
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30, Pasco, WAHey there :) So I like long walks on the beach and... well that's not true, short to medium walks I'm down but long treks across sweltering dunes while being tormented by sand blowing in my eyes, naw thanks I'm cool, I'll just sit here by the fire and watch the waves and sunset. Please don't get me wrong, I am up for adventures, singing in the rain and all that jazz but if your looking for a guy to do CrossFit, climb mountains and do triathlons with please read no further, best wishes and good luck. Just kidding, I really do love going to the ocean, camping, hunting, fishing, kayaking and being outdoors in general; I'm just not an extremist. I have kind of a crazy life right now; I work in a prison surrounded by some real nice fellas and have to put on this tough guy act most of the time. It's a tough job so I rely heavily on prayer and value my time participating in church activities, which help me balance out the good with the bad. I'm not but I like to think of myself as kind of a "handyman". I just recently bought my first house and like me it is a bit of a work in progress. I wouldn't say high maintenance, consistent maintenance maybe but definitely worth the effort. I look forward to getting out and riding my motorcycle around town with my buddies. Back yard BBQ and bonfires. Family and friends game nights. Harry Potter marathons. I like to try new restaurants and coffee places. Probably go out to eat more than I should; not going to lie I would most likely starve to death if I didn't have a microwave. Cooking for one is no fun, so I don't. I like to do dishes though.
36, Deer Park, WAI am most passionate about maintaining an active lifestyle. This includes triathlons, mountain biking, running, and swimming. I am passionate about eating healthy and being well informed. I believe that it is very important to give back to the community in which we live. Lastlly, I enjoy woodworking. This allows me the satisfaction that I have learned to create a unique piece of furniture that will stand the test of time.
31, Port Angeles, WAI try to look for the best in people. I've been told I can be a bit too pretentious, but I believe that's me simply knowing where I stand. If given time to get to know me, I'm a pretty good guy.
35, Redmond, WAI have a mix of 2 worlds in my personality: For the most part I'll appear to be more serious and formal, with appreciation for deep/intellectual conversation about most topics. But with the right company, I'll be more of a silly/goofball person. I have a somewhat sarcastic sense of humor, but can enjoy some light slapstick style jokes/shows. I enjoy travelling and experiencing new places, and I'm always looking to the next adventure. The list of places to go is always changing/increasing. For the day to day, I enjoy spending time with friends and looking for fun things to do, whether it's staying in and watching a movie or playing board games, or going out to karaoke, a bar or other venue.
54, Vancouver, WAI grew up in the country outside a town in the Willamette Valley. I was an alter boy and later an alter server. Went to youth group, youth retreats. I remember the priests, brothers, and sisters that did their tasks with love and devotion. They were good examples to follow in how to be a good person. During the Summer, my family would pick cherries to sell to the grower co-op. We grew up being lower middle class. My dad worked hard to support the eight of us. My parents are still alive and live in that house I grew up in. I was in middle school when I started liking school and did not become a dropout. I was able to explore things, have dreams, and had teachers who supported my curiosity and exploration. I can look back at my life and see where God surrounded me with good folks and models to follow. Even though sometimes my childhood was tough, He got me through and I am a much better person for it. After graduation from Oregon State, I moved from small town to big city, my work took me to the big city of Portland. I have been in the area ever since. I was involved with church from pastoral council, young adult group, Eucharistic minister, greeter. Share the gifts God given me. Lost my favorite older brother in 2007. He was there for me to talk about my life difficulties. I would go out and help him with chores at his farm during the Summers. Met my future wife in 2008, married in 2011, and lost her to a swimming accident in 2013. Because I am in the technical field (Information Technology), I have a geeky side. I look for technology that works for me and not the other way around. I try to rule technology instead of it ruling me. :) I try to keep a separation between my work and my private time. I think it is healthy and sane this way. I don't ever want to be consumed by work and miss the beautiful things God has put in my life. My biggest hobby is electronics, computers, and amateur radio. By no means I am a genius at this stuff. It is fun to put something together that works, even if barely. :) Always room for improvements. I also enjoy hiking and occasionally go camping with family. I enjoy traveling seeing new sites. I am a people watcher. Wide music taste. I attend Mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation. It gives me time to reflect about the good things in my life. But most importantly, how much He has helped me with my life and how I keep coming back to depend on him.
18, Maple Valley, WAIf you're reading this far, then I guess I've passed the hardest test--getting someone's attention. Good so far. I want to get the most out of my life and believe that can't happen until I find a person to share it with. I come from a family of eight, and have one younger brother. My parents have been hands down the greatest influence in my life. Their unwavering dedication, sacrifices and all that they have done for me and my siblings never cease to impress me and bear witness to their real love for us. I enjoy the natural environment, going on hikes and adventures, Spanish and exercise (although I'm not super fit). I just graduated from high school in June and am attending a local college.
31, Bothell, WA1 Corinthians 13:11 "When I was a child, I used to speak like a child, think like a child, reason like a child; when I became a man, I did away with childish things." My childhood wasn't the best and paled in comparison to the rest, but it did provide me with the skills and strength needed to become the compassionate family oriented man that I am. In my rebellious youth, I failed to see what was just described and I turned away from my faith, only to return when I hit rock bottom almost a decade ago. Upon my return, I was blessed with an opportunity to seize my childhood dream job, and have been enjoying these past 6 years honing in on my career path at Nintendo. Now that I have my career and am working on getting my finances in order, I would like to work on what I consider to be the most essential part of my life... My own family... That's pretty much why I am here... I would like to find someone with the right foundation for a successful future. One built with our best friend (in spirit), savior at the core of it all... I mean... He is after all, the reason we got together... He technically... Kinda... Well, really... If you think about in from this perspective... HE was our matchmaker... So, this will be like a match made in heaven... Ha!
Catholic Dating By Major City:
- Seattle,
- Spokane,
- Vancouver,
- Tacoma,
- Olympia,
- Bellevue,
- Everett,
- Kent,
- Renton,
- Perth,
- Federal Way,
- Kirkland,
- Yakima,
- Puyallup,
- Bothell,
- Lynnwood,
- Auburn,
- Redmond,
- Bellingham,
- Kennewick


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Agenda Available At: https://cherokee.legistar.com/Calendar.aspx
Cherokee Nation hosted the light up the Christmas season on the Capitol Square on Friday December 2.
The family friendly event gave the children and opportunity to make cornhusk dolls and ornaments for the tree.
Austin has been a member of the Cherokee National Youth Choir since the sixth grade and he is now President of the Cherokee Tribal Youth Council. He believes the Youth Council will help him achieve his goals.
Visiting with our Elders as they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee. These Elders talk about enjoying Christmas with food and family, even if there were not many presents under the tree.
Visiting with our Elders as the recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
Her given name is Wynona, but everyone knows her as Chicken. She tells us how the name came about and how they played in places they were not supposed to.
Callie is very involved in activities at school and loves spending time with her family.
She loves learning about her heritage from her Grandmother and being apart of Cherokee Nation Tribal Youth Council and NASA at her school.
November is Native American Heritage month and many schools in the area held ceremonies to celebrate the culture.
Visiting with our Elders as they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
Ralph talks about grade school and going to Chilocco because his father wanted him to value his education. He also speaks of playing with a billy goat and making his toys as a child.
The first known use of Native Americans to transmit messages in the United States military under fire was a group of Cherokee troops serving alongside the British at the Second Battle of Somme during World War I. According to the Division Signal Officer, Captain John Stanley, this occurred in September 1918. These troops would later become known as Code Talkers. This presentation will discuss the men who used their native Cherokee language to communicate and transmit military messages during World War I and World War II. Event is free and open to the public.
Fayth is a senior at Tahlequah, but also studies Auto Collision Repair and Technology at the Indian Capitol Technology Center . She got interested in auto collision from her uncle and grandfather, but she is also very creative.
She is very involved in her church and has started singing with the Native Praise, a female native american choir.
Halloween is not just for the young ones. Cherokee Elder Care had a Halloween party for the participants and they had some vey unique costumes, such as a cereal killer and there was even some dancing.
Visiting with our Elders as they real their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
Jim Buckhorn tells us some things that happened during Halloween back then and when they played at night.
Young and Cherokee is a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and the legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
Abby moved to Ochelata when she was four, so did not really grow up with the traditions, she just knew that she was Cherokee, but since being in the Tribal Youth Council for two years she has learned more and would like to continue.
She runs track and helps her community and her Mom with JOM activities.
The first ever Cherokee Nation Youth Summit was held October 22nd, 2016 at the NSU Ballroom in Tahlequah. The Cherokee Nation My Brother's Keeper task force in partnership coordinated the summit with the Cherokee Nation Youth Council.
Presented by Chris Welch & Brad Wagnon
Prior to European contact, there were two ways for a Cherokee to get from point A to point B – He could walk, he could take a canoe. The dugout canoe was a massive undertaking. Made from hardwood trees, the canoe typically needed to be about forty feet in length, long enough to seat twenty men. Danny McCarter, village guide at the Cherokee Heritage Center and recognized as a "Tradition Keeper" by the United Keetoowah Band, will discuss traditional methods and materials used by Cherokees to make dugout canoes.
Part of Cherokee Nation's monthly Lunch & Learn lecture series. For more information contact Catherine Gray, Cherokee Nation History & Preservation Officer, at email@example.com.
Our Cherokee elders tell some stories to get you in to the Halloween spirit.
Elder Betty Brewer tells us the reason her Mother wanted to move out of the house.
Our Cherokee elders tell some stories to get you in to the Halloween spirit.
Lawrence Scott tells some things he has seen growing up in the Cherry Tree community.
Visiting with our Elders as they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
GR Zellner grew up in Catoosa when their was very little there. He was a caddy at the golf course to help make money for his family.
Presented By: Chris Welch
Cherokee Nation's Wilma P. Mankiller health center hosted a health fair to go along with breast cancer awareness month.
Presented by: David Scott
The Cherokee National Treasures Art Show introduces the most recently named treasures and features the creative work of many others. Most artwork displayed is available for purchase. The show will be at the Cherokee heritage Center until November 5th.
Hayley is on her way to becoming a big voice. She is in the choir, Jazz band and does singing engagements in the community. She has been doing advanced placement classes since the 7th grade and would love to learn more about her heritage.
October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States (other than skin cancer). But millions of women are surviving the disease thanks in part to early detection and improvements in treatment.
Cherokee elders attended the second annual Cherokee Nation Elder's Summit at Vinita Health Center on Tuesday August 27. Another summit is scheduled in Tahlequah in order to reach more elders.
Young and Cherokee is a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
Riley has been involved in 4-H for about eight years working with cattle and is involved in the Great American Milk Drive, which helps provide milk for families in the community.
Riley was introduced to the Cherokee Challenge bowl in first grade but would like to learn more about the language.
Learn the true history about the origin of the Cherokee Tear Dress ("tear" is pronounced as in "rip and tear"). The first official tear dress originated in the 1960's and today is the official tribal dress for women of the Cherokee Nation.
Part of Cherokee Nation's monthly Lunch & Learn lecture series. For more information contact Catherine Gray, Cherokee Nation History & Preservation Officer, at firstname.lastname@example.com
Visiting with our Elders as they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
Delois grew up in Sally Bull Hollow and still lives in the Bell Community. She talks about doing laundry by heating the water until the washing machine came out, and hunting rabbits with her father.
"Traditional Cherokee Clothing"
Presented by Tonia Weavel
Six World War II and Korean War veterans gathered at the hard Rock Hotel On Sunday night for a sendoff dinner before heading to Washington D.C. for the third annual Warrior flight.
Young and Cherokee is a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
Dagan is a member of the Oklahoma Indian Student Honor Society. He takes his education and his heritage seriously and is involved in several sports as well.
Here is a look at some of the events from the 64th Cherokee National Holiday.
State Of The Nation Address
Cherokee National Holiday Parade
"Leadership in Real Life"
Presented by Brad Wagnon
One of the first 64th Cherokee Holiday events was a stickball tournament at Sequoyah Schools Thompson Field.
The Nighthawks and Osi Heli Choctaws played in a best two out of three tournament. It came down to sudden death play and Osi Heli won it 7-6.
Young and Cherokee is a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing their culture and th legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
McKalee takes on many projects in school along with her studies. Her focus is mainly on science research and she is also passionate about the environment
A little rain did not stop the crowd from coming out to compete in the Cherokee Nation Traditional Native Games at the WEB Community building in Briggs on Saturday August 20th.
The forced relocation of fifteen thousand Cherokee to Oklahoma nearly two centuries ago left them in a foreign landscape. Coping with loss and new economic challenges, the Cherokee united under a new constitution and exploited the Victorian affinity for decorative crafts. Cherokee women had always created patterned baskets for everyday use and trade, and soon their practical work became lucrative items of beauty. Adapting the tradition to the new land, the industrious weavers transformed Oklahoma's vast natural resources into art that aided their survival. The Civil War found the Cherokee again in jeopardy, but resilient, they persevered and still thrive today. Author and Cherokee citizen Karen Coody Cooper presents the story of this beautiful legacy.
For more information, contact Catherine Foreman-Gray, Cherokee Nation History and Preservation Officer, at email@example.com.
Presenter: Karen Coody Cooper, Cherokee citizen and author
Visiting with our Elders as they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee. Betty grew up in a big family and had to be very creative when it came to making toys to play with.
"Blow Guns"
Presented by Danny McCarter
Young and Cherokee, a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and the legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
Blane is involved in many sports, but also takes advanced placement classes to be ready for college. Blane wants to do something in the medical field.
New Life church hosted a cook out and back pack giveaway on Friday July 30 in Stilwell. The Cherokee Nation donated $75,000 to several organizations that ensure school children get snacks and school supplies when they return to school this fall.
"Using Community Organizations to Create Change."
Presented by Chris Welch
Young and Cherokee is a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and the legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
Ryan helps out his community and is a leader. He loves science and history and after college hopes to help the Cherokee Nation in some way.
Examines the shift by Cherokee people from a holistic system of care for others rooted within a matrilineal clan system to the rise of nationally administered social services by the Cherokee Nation government to individual citizens. This shift resulted in the creation of an orphanage, prison, and a facility for the (dis)abled and mentally ill after the Civil War. Dr Julie Reed will discuss major turning points and the internal debates that led to changes in Cherokee social policy.
Presenter: Dr. Julie Reed, Professor at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville and author of "Serving the Nation: Cherokee Sovereignty and Social Welfare, 1800-1907."
Visiting with our Elders a they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
Tino grew up in Eucha and played in the Round Springs Creek with his friends and family.
He also liked to ride whatever animal was available on the open range at the time.
Young and Cherokee is a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and the legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
Lacey Williams has taken a night Certified Nursing Assistant class for 8 weeks at the Indian Capitol Technology Center in Stilwell. Nursing is the field she has chosen to go in to, so she has gotten a head start on her career.
The bike riders return from their recreation of the trail of tears trip.
Visiting our Elders as they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
Ella Mae Christie grew up in Bunch near Stilwell,OK and took shortcuts to the store by walking on the railroad tracks. She also swam in the creek, played ball with the kids in the community and even walked on homemade slilts.
The Cultural Presentation will be on "Natural Processing of Cherokee Baskets" by Shawna Cain.
Send Off Ceremony- Tuesday, May 31, at 9 am, Council Chambers
Gene Norris, Senior Genealogist at the Cherokee Heritage Center, will present on unique cases during Cherokee allotment time, including intruders and intermarried whites.
Documents and Related Topics can be found at:
Cherokees, historically, are known to live off the land. Many of these traditional foods are still gathered, prepared, and relished among our people. Dorothy discusses and demonstrates the history, culture, and techniques handed down through the millenia.
Community Leadership Series, titled: Getting From A-Z: Using Planning to create Action
Description: Presentation on the importance of learning and using Cherokee while also including resources and strategies for learning Cherokee as a second language.
Presenter: Dr. Candessa Tehee,
Executive Director of the Cherokee Heritage Center
Cultural Enrichment Series, Betty Frogg provides background and skills in "Making Baskets with Honeysuckle: From gathering to gorgeous."
Young and Cherokee is a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and the legacy of the Cherokee Nation.Joe Alex is the vice- president of the Spanish club belongs to the Indian Varsity Basketball team, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Indian Heritage and the Spanish Club. He is very involved in his church and like to fish with his father.
The Cherokee Nation hosted a grand opening for the new 42,000-square-foot Sam Hider Health Center in Jay on Friday April 1.
Agenda Available at: https://cherokee.legistar.com/Calendar.aspx
"Keeping Cool in Conflict"
By Brad Wagnon
New Life Church in Stilwell has started a snack pack program in partnership with Cherokee Nation. Four schools in Adair County are impacted from this program.
Presentation about the history of Cherokee masks and the practice of masking – dancing with masks. Features prehistoric and protohistoric imagery possibly connecting our Cherokee ancestor's depiction of the "mask dance" to the current practice of the Booger Dance and Maskers.
By Roger Cain
Visiting with our Elders as they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee. Louise tells us about working on the farm as a young girl, helping her Dad fix cars and playing basketball outside on a dirt court.
Presented by: Noel Grayson
Cherokee Nation citizen Lona Hampton won the National Johnson-O'Malley Teacher of the Year award for Region 3 at the JOM national convention in Washington, D.C in February.
Hampton is the first Oklahoman to win the award for Region 3, which encompasses 21 states.
Young and Cherokee is a new series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
Caleb Cox prides himself with keeping up with his heritage and helping others. He has participated in the Remember the Removal bike ride and plans on becoming a doctor and helping children.
"Let's Talk! Tips for Effective Communication"
By Kevin Stretch
Cherokee Nation marshals and students from Sequoyah High School took the plunge at Northeastern State University on Saturday February 20th.
Cherokee citizen and Oklahoma Historical Society Director, David Fowler, will present on Cherokee Women and the Civil War. Fowler will discuss the various experiences roles of Cherokee women during the war through historical documents and letters from the Civil War era.
Principal Chief Bill John Baker, Deputy Chief S. Joe Crittenden and Tribal Councilor Keith Austin handed hundreds of homemade valentines to veterans at the Claremore Veterans Center on Friday February 12th. Over 6000 valentines were made to give to veterans this year.
Presented by Larry Shade
Visiting with our Elders as they recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
Lawrence Scott spent most of his time with his grandmother helping her make lye soap. He would also borrow horses to go to the local swimming hole and he made his own toys.
Wyatt Sheets is a three time state champion in wrestling at Stilwell High School and trying for a fourth title this year.
While wrestling doesn't keep him busy enough Wyatt is also in many other clubs and keeps up with his school work. He also spends time with his family and learns about his heritage from his grandfather.
No description available.
Our Lunch & Learn lecture series back in November was a hit so we've decided to continue them on a monthly basis. Cherokee artist, Lisa Rutherford, will kick off our monthly series this Thursday, January 21, at 12:00pm in the Osiyo Training Room, 17725 S Muskogee Ave, Tahlequah, OK (behind the Cherokee Nation Gift Shop). Lisa will present on Southeast Textiles and 18th Century Trade Era Cherokee Clothing. Lisa will give an overview of her Smithsonian research, including a slide show of Cherokee objects she viewed while there.
Presentation is free and open to the public. Attendees are invited to bring a sack lunch and join us. For those unable to attend, the presentation will be live-streamed and archived on Cherokee Nation's YouTube channel.
About Lisa Rutherford:
Lisa Rutherford (Cherokee Nation) lives on a cattle ranch in Cherokee County and worked in Cherokee Nation tribal administration for many years before becoming a full-time artist. Her passion is 18th century art and history, and she has been a living history interpreter at Colonial Williamsburg, VA; the National Museum of the American Indian; and other venues throughout the southeast United States. She is a seasonal interpreter at Diligwa Village at the Cherokee Heritage Center. Active in many art forms, Lisa has been a potter since 2005 and is perhaps best known for her pottery, specializing in ancestral pottery with hand-dug clay and fired in a pit fire.
Rutherford is equally well known for her textile work, including feather capes which were described by Hernando DeSoto in 1540 and still worn by Cherokee women in the mid-18th century. The capes are made on a hand-tied plant fiber net, which is custom made to fit the client. She makes 18th century clothing, moccasins, does southeast appliqué beadwork, and is a novice painter.
Her work is in the collections of the Smithsonian Museum's National Museum of the American Indian, the Eiteljorg Museum of the American Indian and Western Art, and the Fred Jones, Jr. Museum at the University of Oklahoma.
Visiting with our Elders as the recall their childhood and growing up Cherokee.
Joan Jumper Spade talks about making homemade games and how she playing with her family. She actually enjoyed her school lunches and was happy to get them.
Young and Cherokee is a series spotlighting examples of young people embracing the culture and the legacy of the Cherokee Nation.
Allison Sitton is a senior at Gore High school and manages to keep up with her culture even with her busy schedule and preparing for college.


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02 December 2016
What better place to begin your love affair with Africa than on this famous safari camp in Kenya. Joy's Camp, an elegant boutique oasis in the arid lands of Samburu, is built on the site of Joy Adamson's tented home in Shaba National Reserve. The site was also home to Penny the leopard, the heroine of her last book. The camp overlooks a large natural spring where elephant and lion jostle for watering rights with herds of buffalo and lots of rare animals. Each of the 10 sumptuous tents is uniquely decorated and the vibrant fabrics of the local nomadic tribes creating a chic, sophisticated and stylish camp. The tents also have breathtaking views of the surrounding hills, with their own private verandas – ideal for game viewing as well as relaxing, reading and soaking up the sun.
Your adventure begins with an early morning pick from Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport or a city hotel and transfer to Wilson Airport for the scheduled flight to Samburu National Park, with the possibility of seeing the spectacular Mt Kenya, Africa's second highest mountain, on the way. On arrival at Samburu you will be met by a guide and taken of your first game drive on the way to the camp. Following lunch, there is an afternoon game drive returning to Joy's Camp as the sun sets.
A full day of game drives today with the chance to relax back at Joy's Camp in the heat of the day between morning and evening safaris. Samburu is home to many uncommon species such as reticulated giraffe, Grevy's zebra, Beisa oryx and the long-necked gerenuk antelope to name just a few. There are also many lion, cheetah and leopard to spot as well as huge crocodiles in the nearby rivers.
Morning and afternoon game drives in the park today with every chance of seeing all of the Big Five - lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhino. The eastern corner of the Samburu eco-system, Shaba is a secluded idyll, an arid landscape dotted with lush springs and rocky river gorges. Joy's Camp is the perfect choice for discerning guests interested in a glimpse of Kenyan history, as well as those looking for an authentic wildlife experience combined with the comfort of a luxury-tented camp.
Today is your last of the tour, so make the most of it. Following breakfast, there will be another game drive transfer back to the airstrip for the scheduled flight to Nairobi where you will be met and driven back to your city centre hotel. This stay at Joy's Camp makes a great add on to any holiday in Kenya and you will take home with you so many magical wildlife memories
Standard fr £1705pp
Valid between:
Rates based on twinshare
International flights not included unless otherwise stated


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Explore Claim Julianne, Claim Nina and more!
I simply can NOT stop watching them dance #DerekHough #JulianneHough I have tickets to their Move on Live Show....cannot wait!!!!!
.@olivianj made last night's @DancingABC the most special yet. I love this gorgeous woman with all my heart.
DWTS Season 22
.@Danica Furman Furman McKellar & @valérie heinrich-spindlerérie heinrich-spindler's last competitive solo #DWTS dance was gorgeous (PHOTOS) http://otrc.la/1kTN0pT pic.twitter.com/6g6irf0B2c
Derek Hough & Amy Purdy Dancing with the Stars
Dancing With the Stars - Nick & Sharna Season 21 - week-1 - fall 2015


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Limit Analysis of Circular Orthotropic Platesby Toshio Mura,
Jao-Shiun Kao,
Seng-Lip Lee,
Serial Information: Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 1964, Vol. 90, Issue 5, Pg. 375-396
Document Type: Journal Paper
Abstract: The limit analysis of simply supported circular orthotropic plates subjected to uniformly distributed load is investigated. The analysis is based on the yield condition for orthotropic metals suggested by Hill, which reduces to the well-known Mises yield condition for isotropic materials. Both the classical method and a proposed variational method are used in the investigation. The comparison of the results shows that the multipliers obtained by the proposed variational method and the classical method are in close agreement. However, the variational method yields the multiplier through the solution of simple algebraic equations without regards to the yield conditions, which usually presents difficulty in the classical method. Thus, the proposed variational method provides a convenient means for estimating the safety factor.
Subject Headings: Orthotropic materials | Limit analysis | Plates | Load distribution | Load factors | Metals (chemical) | Isotropy | Comparative studies
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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