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Stewart, Gordon Gatorade Duel Winners
Stewart, Gordon Gatorade Duel Winners
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Tony Stewart and Jeff Gordon claimed Gatorade Duel At Daytona victories while Michael Waltrip, Boris Said, Joe Nemechek and Mike Wallace secured Daytona 500 starting spots with their finishes.
Starting Lineup
Starting Lineup
Tony Stewart and Jeff Gordon claimed Gatorade Duel At Daytona victories while Michael Waltrip, Boris Said, Joe Nemechek and Mike Wallace secured Daytona 500 starting spots with their finishes. Tony Stewart kept the No. 20 Home Depot Chevrolet in the lead for 37 of the 63 laps to win the first Gatorade Duel in a green-white-checker finish. Stewart was followed by fellow Chevrolet drivers Dale Earnhardt, Jr. and Jeff Burton. Stewart, who won the Budweiser Shootout at Daytona last Saturday under the lights, became only the fifth driver to win both the Shootout and a qualifying race in the same year. The Indiana native is looking forward to adding a Daytona 500 victory to his résumé later this weekend. "I'm excited about (the Daytona 500)," Stewart said. "I wish the race was tomorrow; let's put it that way. The qualifying races and Shootouts are great, and so is the (Pepsi 400), but I really want this race on Sunday bad." Michael Waltrip, the driver of the No. 55 NAPA Auto Parts Toyota who had his qualifying time disallowed and was hit with other penalties, and Boris Said raced their way into the Daytona 500 with their finishes in the Gatorade Duel. "I've never raced a Saturday night short-track race but that's what I guess it would be like if I ever did it," Said commented. "That was a wild race and it was a lot of fun." Said Waltrip: "I'm probably the most depressing guy you've ever seen make the Daytona 500." In the second Gatorade Duel, Gordon captured his 13th career win at Daytona International Speedway when he passed David Stremme and Kurt Busch on the final lap of the race. "I didn't think I would pull that off," Gordon said. "I can't wait to go back and watch the video on that one - the last three laps were spectacular." Gordon was too low in post-race inspection and will start at the rear of the field in Sunday's Daytona 500. Nemechek, driver of the No. 13 CertainTeed Chevrolet, and Wallace, driver of the No. 09 Miccosukee Resorts Chevrolet, both earned their way into the Daytona 500 after finishing 9th and 11th respectively. Among the drivers that missed the Daytona 500 include 72-year-old James Hylton, former Daytona 500 winners Ward Burton, Bill Elliott and Derrike Cope, Toyota drivers Brian Vickers and AJ Allmendinger, Mike Bliss, Kevin Lepage, Paul Menard, eight-time ARCA champion Frank Kimmel, Mike Skinner, Jeremy Mayfield, Kenny Wallace and Kirk Shelmerdine. Said Hylton: "I don't remember the last time I had that much fun. When you're driving with this breed of superstars you don't want to do anything to get them out of shape. They were all real good to me, every one of them. I can't say enough about it." Tickets to any of the DIRECTV Speedweeks events are available online at http://www.racetickets.com or by calling 1-800-PITSHOP
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If you have not seen my recent post about 3 common online marketing mistakes of small business on the brandbyte.com site, then you have missed this fabulous animation :). Rather than deny you the pleasure; here it is.
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- The 3 Layer Solution to Fix and Boost a Stagnant AdWords Strategy - October 2, 2016
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subset: commoncrawl


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First impressions are long lasting. Creativity, style & functionality are the main guiding principles for all projects we undertake.
We reach all your customers via web sites, social media and blogs. Messages are delivered to your customers via desktop, mobile phones and tablets.
If it is conceivable it is achievable, as long as it can be thought of and conveyed we will make it happen.
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Where does your site show up on a search engine like google? If it's not on the first page, it is as if it doesn't exist. We make sure your web site is among the first, whenever anyone searches for a business like yours, on the web in your area.
All web sites are mobile responsive, no more zooming in or out on a mobile phone. Web site designs are responsive, designed for desktops and mobile phones together.
We provide for all your website needs! From idea to all the way across to the finish line and onto the next race.
Mobile phones get the most attention, we develop strategies with tools for mobile devices exclusively.
We will address the issue within 24 hours and are accessible to resolve all issues.
Comprehensive consultation and understanding your goals is first, followed by providing a feedback. Then work on strategy to get you the maximum return on investment. Sounds too good to be true, drop us a line, we look forward to talking to you.


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Having AA Membership means you'll never be left stranded because our unique rescue service covers you in any car 24/7, 365 days a year. On average we complete repairs on the roadside in less than 30 minutes to keep you motoring.
We have over 200,000 happy car insurance customers enjoying flexible, good value cover which includes lifetime no claims discount protection for broken glass or theft claims as well as up to €75,000 personal accident cover and legal expenses cover.
We thought it was about time we used our expertise on the road, in the Home too. If you haven't had a claim in 5 years, we'll also give you 20% off.
For over one hundred years we've been there, at the roadside, getting you home. Now, let us take care of your home.
Be it for a single trip, annual multi trip or back packers insurance we've got you covered. If you have private medical insurance we'll give you an additional 20% discount.
Life Insurance is a policy that you can take out which would pay a lump sum to your family/estate in the event of your death within the term of the policy.
Mortgage Protection cover is essential for anyone buying their home. This decreasing life cover can be used to secure your mortgage with the bank.
We value our Customers - so we want to Reward them for their loyalty by not only giving everyday offers but also access exclusive events & once-in-a-lifetime competitions.
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Drinking and driving: Strictly forbidden. Nil percentage of alcohol is allowed in a drivers' blood. Driving Licenses can be suspended for a maximum of 90 days or prison sentence for offenders.
Driving license: The minimum age at which an Irish license holder may drive a temporarily imported car and / or motorcycle (for up to 90 days) is 18.
Fines: Police can impose fines and collect them on the spot, a receipt must be obtained. A vehicle which is illegally parked may be clamped and removed.
If a fine is paid within 48 hours, the fine amount is halved.
Fuel: Lead replacement petrol (95 & 98 octane), unleaded petrol, Diesel and LPG are available. Petrol in a can is permitted (but it must be empty when leaving Romania). Tax is payable on petrol and diesel in the vehicle tank when leaving Romania. Credit cards are accepted at many stations; check with your card issuer for usage in Romania before travel. Payment is usually made in local currency.
Lights: It is forbidden to drive at night if vehicle lighting is faulty. Additional headlamps are prohibited. Dipped headlights must be used outside built up areas during the day.
Motorcycles: Use of dipped headlights during the day are compulsory. Wearing of crash helmets is compulsory for driver and passenger of machines 50cc and over.
Motor Insurance: Green Card / third party motor insurance is compulsory. Drivers of vehicles registered abroad who are not in possession of a valid green card must take out short term insurance at the frontier.
Passengers/Children in cars: Child under 12 cannot travel as a front seat passenger.
Seat belts: It is compulsory for front / rear seat occupants to wear seat belts, if fitted.
Speed limits: Standard legal limits, which may be varied by signs, for private vehicles without trailers are: 90 km/h in built-up areas 50 km/h, outside built-up areas, 100 km/h on dual carriageways and 130km/h on Motorways. No minimum speed on motorways.
A 10 km/h reduction of the standard speed limit applies if towing. A driver who has held a license for less than 1 year is restricted to a speed limit of 20 km/h below the indicated speed.
The speed limit for mopeds is 45 km/h inside and outside built up areas.
It is against the law to drive a dirty car. If a temporarily imported vehicle is damaged before arrival in Romania, the importer must ask a Romanian Customs or Police Officer to write a report on the damage so that he can export the vehicle without problems. If any damage occurs inside the country a report must be obtained at the scene of the accident. Damaged vehicles may only be taken out of the country on production of this evidence.
"Claxonarea interzisa" – use of horn prohibited. The use of the horn is prohibited between 2200hrs & 0600hrs in built up areas.
Spiked tyres are prohibited.
The use of snow chains is recommended for winter journeys to the mountains and may be compulsory in case of heavy snow.
Since the 1st October 2010, the road tax 'stickers' known as "rovinieta" have been replaced by a system of electronic tax.
The tax is payable at the National Road Administration offices at border crossing points, from post office branches in Romania and some petrol stations.
The driver must give details of the vehicle, his identity and place of residence. You must advise of the number of days in Romania and pay the tax accordingly. This information is then entered into a database of the Road Information Centre. Cameras are situated along roads. This enables the traffic police to check your vehicle number plate against the database. The cost depends on the vehicle emissions category and period of use in Romania.
Fine for non-compliance or expired road tax is between €50 and €900.
As is the case in many of its neighboring countries, a vignette tolling system is in operation in Romania on motorways and main roads out of town. Vignettes are a small, colored sticker affixed to motor vehicles in the Romania and some other European nations to indicate road tolls have been paid. Vignettes can be purchased at border crossing, in petrol stations and Post Offices.
Costs are higher for freight vehicles and coaches for eight or more passengers. Failure to pay the road toll or to display the sticker may lead to a heavy fine.
AA Ireland Limited trading as AA Insurance is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland.


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Me and my family decided to stop by and eat for supper. We will be back tonight to eat some more the waitresses were nice and knew what they were doing
Good food, good service, good drinks. Close to the hotel we were staying at. Prices are good. Able to watch all different sport events.
We went there for diner because almost everything is closed in November.
Nice place for a good burger. They have a great variety of beers from tap.
Food and service was good.
A bit pricey- they charged all extra. We wanted jalapeños instead of onions on the burger - we had no onions on the burger but got charged extra...
We stopped here for lunch. The food was quite good and the waitress was very nice and the service was great. Will be back
We were in Maggie Valley for a family weekend party. Legend's was a good place to stop in for lunch or for snacks/drinks. The menu has lots of choices and the wait staff was excellent.
Place is a typical sports bar. Casual to say the least. Biker friendly, but that goes with the nature of the area as Maggie Valley is a bikers touring haven. The beer is cold with a good selection. Bar is full service. Wings large with a great variety to choose from. The burgers are juicy with once again a great...
I have eaten at the restaurant over the years and always enjoyed the great service and wonderful hamburgers. We had a long wait to get a table (8 couples). The service was terrible and that's being kind. I can't remember what I ate there, so I can't help with the food end. The friends eating with us seemed to like...
Took the bikes out for a spin from Greeneville TN and wound up in Maggie Valley around noon feeling kinda hungry. We were waited on right away and presented with a menu that would accommodate anyone's tastes. Though hotdogs may not be an epicurean treat, they sure did have a great assortment to choose from. The hamburgers came with numerous...
Great atmosphere, lots of tv's to watch sports, good selection of beer and variety of menu options. The sweet potato fries are great!
They had a lot of different beers. The food was pretty good. We ordered hot dogs and the edge of the bun was really hard. We asked for BBQ sauce and was charged extra for it (which was brought at the end of the meal). We requested the amount be deducted from our bill. They told us a pitcher of...
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Search results for by peace album slank
We've found 148 lyrics, 30 artists, and 100 albums matching by peace album slank:
Slank · The Bluegrass Album Band · My Christmas Album · The Album Leaf · Michael Peace · Peace · Perfect Peace · Our Lady Peace · Dogs of Peace · Peace Train – and 20 other artists »
War & Peace, Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) [Clean] (Ice Cube) · Romp in Peace/Thizz in Peace (Johnny Ca$h) · War & Peace, Vol. 2: The Peace Disc (Ice Cube) · Peace Sells...But Who's Buying?/So Far, So Good...So What!/Rust in Peace (Megadeth) · War & Peace, Vol. 2: The Peace Disc (Ice Cube) · The Sixties Album: The Album of the Decade (The Troggs) · Song Is Song/Album Is Album (7even) · Our Live Album Is Better Than Your Live Album (Reel Big Fish) · M.I.U. Album/L.A. (Light Album) (The Beach Boys) · Unsigned & Still Major: Da Album Before Da Album (Soulja Boy) – and 90 other albums »
know about that look out for the Hood Starz album by the Git It Boyz You know, shout out to the Trak Starz They in da building Buck Ban and Zoe Uh,
From the album the hurdy gurdy man Peregrine falcon hooded and flying Whither you go blindly over the mountain. Oh your boats upon the sea are very
fear presumably seeking peace Our lives are drawn together by the sheer necessity Of this Brave New World It's a Brave New World It's a Brave New World
And, oh no, it's not violent when under the Christmas tree there's a look-alike gun But, yes, of course it's violent to have an album like KRS-One By
about changes and it's about time It's about peace and it's about plenty and it's about time It's about you and me together and it's about time Words by
better than y'all And by the way, rest in peace 'Pac and Biggie Smalls, yeah This the real hip hop (Ay, you know we miss you 'Pac and Biggie) This
school house was full, and they would come. And we bought up every album, every picture, every single; Their autographs were the only things free. But
[Originally released by Bathory in 1988 on the album "Blood Fire Death".] [Music and lyrics: Quorthon.] [8:28] Orgy of silence, conspiracy
line between war and peace, whores and jeeps Ignore MCs like beeps, scribblin freedom on pages My third eye is like pink eye, seemin contagious
I'll start cause only Jah will create it I'll just name it Edutainment People sit and they look at my album like a problem, they try
peace, See if we can kill your amnesia by the time I leave, All mommies I harbor for vouch for me, Tell 'em bout the time all your mommas couch mommy
Ain't No Joke" track For a second it ain't look good Little tension buzzin' from Wyndanch to Brentwood Misunderstood, all forgot by sixteen when I met
Definitely not the usual way to start an album, but by this time we were doing things our own way, and not for booming record sales. The song was
Album: Peace of Mind Song: Say a Prayer (D. Glasper / M. Lillington) (These lyrics are as they are written on the album sleeve, and may Vary slightly
harmonica Chicago July 30, 1942 With Blind John Davis - piano, Big Bill Broonzy - guitar Alfred Elkins - imb Album: 'Sugar Mama' The Essential Recordings
Shit, tired of gettin' shot at Tired of gettin' chased by the police and arrested Niggas need a spot where we can kick it A spot where we belong,
Peace don't make me laugh! All I hear is motherfuckers rappin' succotash Livin' large, tellin' me to get out the gang I'm a nigga, gotta live by
Whether wrong or right, a lot of people fight But I'm here to bless this mic, aight? Peace to the young ladies, who wanna bone me much And peace to my
Peace don't make me laugh! All I hear is motherfuckers rappin' succotash Livin' large, tellin' me to get out the gang I'm a nigga, gotta live by
by the trigger How the fuck do you figure? That I can say peace and the gunshots won't cease Every cop killin' goes ignored They just send another
your bastard style has just been stuck By a sticker with a 'frigerator lickin' What if how's about why would Never thought that the napalm would bust
on the phone, come talk to me I'll be waitin' on you, dawg at the office, peace Now I'm thinkin' hard as I walk to my house The fuck have I done now, what
to me I'll be waitin' on you, dawg at the office, peace Now I'm thinkin' hard as I walk to my house The fuck have I done now, what could he be talkin'
And half the times we be actin' up call the cops Bringin' a cease to the peace that was on my block It never stops, when my mama ask me will I change I
make you feel good And happy times we be acting up call tha cops Bringing the cease to tha peace that was on my block It never stop, when my mama


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Our impurities-free Senna Leaves Extract is widely used in pharmaceutical industry as it is an excellent laxative. Senna Leaves Extract that we offer is hygienically processed in our modern processing unit using hi-tech machines. We lay special emphasis on the packaging of our Senna Leaves Extract and thus use only premium grade packing mediums. Obtain from us, bulk quantities of Senna Leaves Extract at the most comp
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes a collection of conditions affecting the digestive tract. Inflammatory bowel disease is a result of immunologic imbalances at the interface of the intestinal lumen and the intestinal epithelium. Suppressing inflammation is the chief goal of both conventional and integrative treatment to improve and rectify this condition. On the other hand, several natural interventions such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and probiotics modulate immune cell function without impairing infection-fighting ability. Unfortunately, patients with IBD are predisposed to colon cancer. Even between disease flares, low-level inflammation irritates and damages intestinal tissue, which can lead to malignancy. Therefore, not only is it imperative that patients with inflammatory bowel disease have regular colon cancer screenings, but also that they monitor inflammatory markers in their blood.
Frequently Asked Questions
- 1What is the anatomy of the Digestive Tract and Immunology of IBD?
- 2What are the main conditions associated with IBD?
- 3What conventional treatments options are used for IBD Conditions?
- 4What dietary and lifestyle changes can be considered in treating an IBD condition?
- 5What are recommended nutritional and alternative therapies available?
- 6What additional risk are possibly caused by IDB conditions?
- 7What supplements can be recommended to assist in treatment of IBD?
The digestive tract is a single tube that exists between the mouth and the anus, with many folds and convolutions. There are four main parts in this tube (such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine), each with its own specific structure and function. Solid organs such as the liver and pancreas are also considered portions of the digestive system.
The hollow parts of the digestive tract are responsible for breaking down large portions of food into small molecules that can be readily absorbed into the circulation. The sterile bloodstream is separated from the mass of nutrients, toxins, and organisms in various parts of the hollow digestive tract by only a very thin layer of cells, collectively called the intestinal mucosa. This delicate and complex lining is responsible for secreting substances that aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients, and for defending the body against the toxins and other contaminants in the intestine itself (Abraham 2009).
During healthy conditions, the immune cells in the intestinal lining cope with invaders quickly and efficiently, without producing excessive amounts of localized inflammation. However, in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation becomes uncontrolled. Cytokines released by inflammatory cells in the intestine attract additional immune cells that produce destructive chemicals and propagate inflammation (Neuman 2004). Since the inflammatory reactions taking place in the gut can promote systemic inflammation people with IBD should monitor levels of inflammatory cytokines in their blood. Cytokine testing can be used as a measure of the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapies, and can also help determine risk for other conditions associated with inflammation, such as atherosclerosis.
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are by far the most prevalent forms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Crohn's Disease:
Crohn's disease can attack any portion of the digestive tract, although inflammation most commonly occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine. The disease can cause ulcerations within the intestine that can erode into surrounding tissues such as the bladder, vagina, or even the surface of the skin. Inflammation in Crohn's disease is not limited to the intestine - some people who have Crohn's disease have inflammation of the eyes and joints as well.
The most common symptoms of the disease include severe abdominal pain, which can present with or without diarrhea. Diarrheal stool may be mixed with blood, mucus and/or pus and bowel movements are often painful. Cramping in the right lower side of the abdomen is common, especially after meals. People with Crohn's disease often have chronic low-grade fever, poor appetite, fatigue, and weight loss. Skin rashes may also occur. People who have Crohn's disease often have some degree of anemia, related to poor iron, folic acid, and/or vitamin B12 absorption and due to chronic blood loss. Those with mild Crohn's can eat and function reasonably normally, while those with severe disease often fail to respond to conventional treatment and have persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as fevers, and infections. Diagnosis of Crohn's disease is usually based on a patient's medical history and symptoms. Diagnostic tests may be used to confirm the disease and to distinguish it from ulcerative colitis. Such tests include x-rays (with contrast material such as barium), colonoscopy, and endoscopy.
No blood test can diagnose Crohn's disease, but routine testing is usually done to detect anemia, infection, degree of inflammation, and determine liver function.
Ulcerative Colitis:
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by inflammation of the large intestine (colon) that leads to episodes of bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and even fever. Unlike Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis usually does not affect the full thickness of the intestine and rarely affects the small intestine. The disease usually begins in the rectum or sigmoid colon and spreads partially or completely through the large intestine.
A definitive diagnosis can be made by direct examination of the colon by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy Both procedures can be used to take a biopsy of intestinal tissue, which can reveal important information about the degree and extent of inflammation and help rule out other causes of symptoms. Further classification of Ulcerative Colitis can be grouped as Severe (affecting the whole colon with serious blood loss), Moderate (various symptoms with minimal signs of inflammation), or Mild (the most common form, which responds well to treatment).
Conventional treatments for IBD will be greatly influenced by the disease location and severity, possible complications, and response to prior treatments. The goals of therapy are focussed to control inflammation, correct nutritional deficiencies, and relieve symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Therapy may include drugs, surgery, or a combination of approaches.
Drug Treatments:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs help control local inflammation of the gut and glucocorticoids or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
- Glucocorticoids (or corticosteriods) reduce inflammation and used for more severe cases.
- Immune system suppressors, or the cancer chemotherapy drug methotrexate, are used to treat patients with IBD who have not responded to 5-ASAs or Glucocorticoids.
People with Crohn's disease should avoid aspirin as this type of medication can increase the risk of Crohn's disease (but not ulcerative colitis).
In severe cases of Crohn's disease, abscesses can develop in chronically inflamed tissues. These abscesses can grow and tunnel through tissue barriers to produce fistulas, or channels between organs. Almost half of patients who have Crohn's disease develop perianal disease involving anal fissures, perianal abscesses, and fistulas. These symptoms seldom respond well to conventional therapies (Braunwald 2001; McNamara 2004). Surgery may be required in a high percentage of these patients (Danelli 2003). Unfortunately, complications are a frequent consequence.
If portions of the intestinal tract are severely inflamed ,surgery may also be recommended to remove the specific section. The goal of surgery is to preserve as much of the intestine as possible and normally involves working on the colon or small intestine. Occasionally, the end of the intestine that has been left in place will need to be brought to the skin's surface to allow waste excretion.
Lifestyle changes and nutritional supplementation synergize to promote healthy digestion and absorption while simultaneously reducing the inflammation and damage associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
The following suggestions may help patients with Crohn's disease to first reduce their symptoms and then begin long-term repair of the damage caused by their disease:
- Avoid troublesome foods. Remove all foods that precipitate symptoms, and trial a diet consisting of just organic meat, spelt, butter and organic teas. Through trying different diet styles and inclusions / exclusions you will be able to identify which foods do not accommodate with your body.
- Following a diet based upon blood IgG antibody testing for food sensitivities has been shown to reduce stool frequency in Crohn's patients.
- Supplement to correct potential nutritional insufficiencies. The diets of most patients who have IBD are deficient in one or more vitamins or minerals as the digestive tracts ability to absord consumed nutrients is impaired. Vitamin D and vitamin K deficiencies are frequently found in those with Crohn's disease, as well as deficiencies in iron, vitamin B6, carotene, vitamin B12, and albumin (protein).
- Balance intestinal microbiota. studies have shown that a normal healthy intestine contains about 100 trillion microorganisms. In a intestine where disease reigns, these bacteria are often not present in adequate amounts and/or have been replaced by pathogenic organisms. By taking the right mixture of probiotics the patient can promote continued repopulation with these beneficial bacteria.
- In children and adolescents who have Crohn's disease, a semi-elemental diet has been shown to be as effective as glucocortocoids in maintaining remissions.
Inflamed intestines may not absorb nutrients properly, therefor people with IBD are prone to malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies and will benefit from the following therapies.
Probiotics: Clinical trials of probiotic use in IBD populations have indicated beneficial effects by stimulating growth of helpful gut flora.
Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids are powerful immunoregulatory agents that reduce circulating inflammatory cytokines and decrease the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells.
Vitamin D: a powerful immunomodulator. Experimental models have shown that T-cells express a vitamin D receptor, and that lack of vitamin D signaling causes T-cells to produce higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, vitamin D is required for development of subsets of Treg cells that are important in suppressing inflammation specifically in the gut (Chambers 2011; Ooi 2012). Antioxidants. Normal digestion produces a host of reactive oxygen and free radicals against which the intestinal mucosa maintains an extensive defense system of antioxidants.
Curcumin: The efficacy of the turmeric extract curcumin as an anti-inflammatory agent in a variety of settings is well-documented.
Selenium: Selenium is a trace element that is essential for the function of a number of selenium-dependent enzymes. Supplementation helps alleviate this problem, based both on increases in serum selenium and improved glutathione peroxidase function.
Butyrate: in various clinical trials, oral butyrate has provided relief in both Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. The amino acid carnitine is necessary for proper cellular metabolism, and insufficient carnitine levels particularly affect cells that require a great deal of energy, such as those of the immune system.
Glutamine: Oral glutamine supplementation can stabilize intestinal permeability and mucosal integrity.
Melatonin: Numerous in vitro and animal studies have suggested that melatonin can reduce inflammation in IBD. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) plays an important role in preventing chronic inflammation and to maintain healthy immune function.
Vitamin K: this nutrient is used by the body to regulate blood clotting. A deficiency in vitamin K can result in bruising or bleeding and patients with IBD are frequently deficient in vitamin K.
Fiber: Greater intake of dietary fiber is linked with lower incidence of Crohn's disease, while higher sugar consumption is associated with increased risk. A diet low in refined sugar and high in dietary fiber has been shown to have a favorable effect on the course of Crohn's disease and does not lead to intestinal obstruction compared to a normal diet.
- Osteoporosis is a serious complication of IBD that has not received adequate recognition despite its high prevalence and potentially devastating effects. Osteoporosis can be caused by IBD itself, or it can be an adverse effect of glucocorticoid treatment. Data suggest that the prevalence of bone fractures in people with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is unexpectedly high, particularly in patients who have a long duration of disease, frequent active phases, and high cumulative doses of glucocorticoid intake. Low vitamin D and K levels have also been correlated to higher rates of osteoporosis in IBD patients.
- Inflammatory bowel disease patients are at increased risk of forming blood clots - primarily venous thromboembolism. These clots can break off and lodge in the blood vessels in the lungs, potentially causing death.
- Probiotics (Metaganics, or Solgar available at Health Renewal)
- Omega 3 Essential Fatty Acids
- Vitamin D
- Glutamine
- Comprehensive multivitamin
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Great news out of the U.S. Supreme Court on the day after Thanksgiving. I wrote last week about the emergency appeal filed with the High Court by Judicial Watch on behalf of several Hawaiian voters trying to stop the ongoing, discriminatory election being held in Hawaii that excludes anyone who doesn't met the definition of "Native Hawaiian." Both the Hawaii federal…
In its latest attempt to violate the limits of its constitutional authority, the Obama Administration has issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) —new regulations that will determine whether the Department of the Interior will "reestablish" a "government-to-government relationship between the United States and the Native Hawaiian community."[1] The ANPR…
Over the past 40 years, America has sent an increasingly large number of offenders to prison.[1] Approximately 95 percent of them will eventually return to the community.[2] Some will be released early via parole, an accumulation of good-time or earned-time credits, or executive clemency.[3] The truly lucky offenders, however, are the ones who are placed on probation, a…
Distinctions between citizens solely because of their ancestry are, by their very nature, odious to a free people whose institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality.[1]
Senators Brian Schatz (D–HI) and Mazie Hirono (D–HI) recently introduced a resolution, Senate Joint Resolution 12, that would provide congressional approval of amendments to the Hawaiian Homes…
Abstract: Unions have been a familiar part of American working life for more than 70 years. Less familiar is the state of the union movement today: More union members now work for the government than for private employers. The above-market salaries and benefits that government employees receive are paid for by taxpayers. So, the union movement that began as a campaign to…
The Heritage Foundation's This Week in Washington Video discusses
the declining support for Congress and the Obama Administration's
big-ticket legislative priorities as well as the rumored 4th of
July missile launch by North Korea in the direction of…
Todd Gaziano tells us why a race-based government is
Todd Gaziano discusses detriments of a race-based government in
Hawaii on Heritage In Focus.…
An Unconstitutional Act is Back: Like a vampire in a B movie we thought was long dead, the United States Congress is re-considering the "Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act" (now designated as S.310), a bill to authorize the creation of a race-based government for native Hawaiians living throughout the United States.
The following resources discuss what the…
Taxpayers funding Washington's
$20,000-per-household budget have long known they are not getting
their money's worth. Farm subsidies are among the most wasteful
uses of taxpayer dollars. The budget-busting $180 billion farm bill
enacted before the 2002 elections not only encourages the crop
overproduction that depresses crop prices and farm incomes, but
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Few Americans have participated in – let alone led – revolutionary political change in Washington. Newt Gingrich has done so more than once. — Read more
~ A Russell Kirk Lecture ~As we approach the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution, Russian history seems all the more pertinent. The classic — Read more
As the Trump Administration prepares to take office, it must consider its strategy in Afghanistan, the country from which al-Qaeda launched the 9/11 attacks and — Read more
Two years ago, President Obama announced that his administration would normalize relations with Cuba's Castro regime, citing the need for a new approach for U.S.-Cuba — Read more
In the fall of 2014, the "umbrella movement" – so-called because of the umbrellas protesters carried for protection against rain and pepper spray – occupied — Read more
Since the end of World War II, there have been 181 insurgencies around the world. In fact, most modern warfare occurs in the form — Read more
A Trump Administration will bring major leadership changes at the two federal antitrust agencies, the Department of Justice Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission. — Read more
For half a century the Soviet economy was inefficient but stable. In the late 1980s, to the surprise of nearly everyone, it suddenly collapsed. Why — Read more
The Heritage Foundation is the nation's most broadly supported public policy research institute, with hundreds of thousands of individual, foundation and corporate donors. Heritage, founded in February 1973, has a staff of 275 and an annual expense budget of $82.4 million.
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Hotel Search
Change your travel Details
06.12.16 ➞ 07.12.16 (1 night)
Hampton Inn Columbia-I-26 Airport
Chris Cir 1094, 29169 West Columbia
Total from 102.00EUR incl. VAT and all fees
Service & facilities
|Earliest check-in
|Latest check-out
Wifi not
Parking directly at the hotel
Service & facilities
Hotel facilities
- Hotel-owned car park
- Car park is directly by hotel
- Secure parking
- No-smoking room 107
- Air conditioning in public areas
Room facilities
- Emergency information
- Plan of emergency exits
In-house services
- Express check-out
- Business center
- Laundry service
Style of hotel and ambience
By picking the hotel Hampton Inn Columbia I-26 Airport, you have made the right choice. Get comfortable in your room, which features dark wooden furniture, and feel at home. Every morning, a tasty complimentary breakfast will make you leap out of bed.
Hotel data
Hotel built in 1985, Last complete renovation 2010, Number of floors 4, Total number of rooms 120, Hotel
Service times
Earliest check-in:
Latest check-out:
Accepted payment methods
- Diners Club
- Visa
- Eurocard/MasterCard
- American Express
- Japan Credit Bureau (JCB Intl.)
Location and distance
Chris Cir 1094, 29169 West Columbia -
Location of the hotel
The hotel is located in West Columbia, where it benefits from a convenient connection to the Highway 378 and the I-26. Visit the South Carolina State Museum (6 km), the biggest museum of the U.S. state, go for a walk on the banks of Congaree River, and enjoy your stay to the fullest.
Surroundings of the hotel
- 7.08 km
- 2.96 km
Evaluations of Hampton Inn Columbia-I-26 Airport
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UK regulator faces backlog of AIFMD paperwork
Deadline next week, FCA yet to process half of 930 applications
The UK's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has still not processed half of the applications it has received from fund managers seeking authorisation under the alternative investment fund managers directive (AIFMD). Despite telling managers to fill in their AIFM paperwork early the financial watchdog has about 480 applications left to process before the July 22 deadline. Lara Joseph, spokesperson for the FCA, says the regulator aims to process a full-scope UK AIFM's application within three months,...
More on Regulation
7 days in 60 seconds
FTRB, energy market liquidity and variation margin
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Benedictine to host Sporting Clays Event
The Benedictine Athletic Association will be holding a fund-raising Sporting Clays Tournament on... Read more
NEW ORLEANS — In the 20 years Buggy Vegas has been master of Bridgeside Marina on Grand Isle he has seen a lot. Tons of
It is whiting time, and the popular bottom-feeder is showing up in increasing numbers along the entire Georgia coast.
Reports from various... Read more
Seminar, kid's tourney slated
The Fort McAllister Sports Fishing Club will be holding a... Read more
A coalition of angler conservation groups is calling on fisherman to help rebuild the spotted sea trout fishery, which took a serious hit from... Read more
The Savannah Chatham Metro Police Department is offering the state... Read more


text:
Tags: Clean Air, Congress, General Environment, General Political, Senate
In an effort to derail the EPA Cross-State Air Pollution rule, Senator Rand Paul (R – KY) has turned to an obscure procedural move to expedite a vote to block the rule altogether. On September 8, Paul introduced S.J. Resolution 27, which deconstructs the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule entirely.
The Cross-State Air Pollution rule, curbs sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide pollution from power plants and prevents neighboring states from damaging the air quality in the "tailpipe" states. It is slated to go into effect in January 2012.
Senator Paul submitted his resolution to block the Cross-State rule under the Congressional Review Act (CRA). The CRA gives Congress to permission to review "major" agency rules and provides members the opportunity to block the measures through a streamlined process. Under the CRA, Paul can expedite review of the Cross-State rule and bypass committee review, by getting at least 30 senators to sign a petition to bring the resolution directly to the Senate floor for an up or down vote. If brought to the floor, Paul only needs a majority of the Senate—51 total—to approve his resolution.
Since its enactment, usage of the CRA has been relatively obscure—only one rule has been successfully revoked under such a means. A similar measure to delay the Cross-State rule—the TRAIN Act—has already succeeded in the House, making the Senate an important safeguard in protecting national air quality.
The White House recently indicated that it would veto a similar measure in the U.S. House that sought to block the Cross-State rule.


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Remember, #HandCrafted takes time... Make sure to get your order in by December 15th @ midnight to ensure your Xmas Eve delivery! (Lower 48 only. Intl. orders must be received by Dec. 10th) Don't forget, shipping's always included! (Lower 48 and Intl....


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followers view all
following view all
|· Bashful equals no sales
· IM faceplate Fans Unite
|I love networking and meeting new people.
2 years ago
Brand Yourself By Linking Yourself
Now it is time you start to make a name for yourself. You here it often - BRAND YOURSELF. How can you accomplish this goal without spending a fortune on advertising? There are tons of free marketing tools on the Internet. I am using one right now. This new site IM faceplate is a perfect tool to start building your brand.
Let's explore one topic today, Article Marketing. This is one of the easiest ways to associate your name with a specific niche. What is really important is to be able to use Article Marketing to Link Your Articles together. In other words, you want to Brand Yourself by Linking Yourself. In some way shape or form you should be able to tie your articles together in a way you can send the reader to one of your other articles. You want your reader to feel like they know you and can count on you to share good information. This will help the reader develop a deep feeling of respect for you, the writer. I explore the topic of gaining respect more in an article I wrote "Do You Use True Marketing Principles".
I recommend you set up a weekly campaign. Pick a topic you are going to explore and start writing. Then, Link your Articles together in a way the reader will want to find out more information. This may seem like a daunting task, but if you write out a game plan, you will find this is one of the easiest tools to start Branding Yourself.
If you have any questions, contact me at email@example.com. I am just an email away. If you enjoyed this article, I hope you will check out my blog. In my blog I try to explore different marketing techniques and tools. I do my best to keep it simple and easy to understand. I want to help others to be able to easily succeed. Catherine D. White
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I guess I should introduce myself a bit. That is, if you even care. Anyways, I (obviously) am into Creepypasta's. However, it does make me a bit sad that people are turning such amazing characters into cute-sy, "sugoi" things. They're killers / murders. . . They don't feel sympathy. I better stop there before I go on a long rant, aha. As I was saying, my name is Seth but I often go by Aiisuu or Corrupted. Call my what you like, I don't mind. :) I'm 16 and male. My "height" is 5'2. Ugh, I'm so short. It's. . . not that bad though. Well, until next time.
. . .If there is a next time. . .Read more >


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Radha Regent, Chennai
- Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 91 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Fitness center
- Business center
- Airport shuttle
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Front desk safe
- Laundry service
- Conference space
For families
- Refrigerator
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Separate sitting area
- Free toiletries
- Daily housekeeping
- Laundry facilities
What's around
- Ramakrishna Temple (1 mi / 1.6 km)
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (1.3 mi / 2.1 km)
- Ampa Skywalk Chennai (1.5 mi / 2.3 km)
- Ampa Skywalk Mall (1.5 mi / 2.3 km)
- CSI Church House Of Prayer (1.6 mi / 2.6 km)
Radha Regent, Chennai
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $44
- Executive Double Room
- Executive Room
- Superior Single Room, 1 King Bed
- Suites
- Save Big With Sarovar
- Suite Double Room
- Executive Single Room
- Superior Double Room
- Suite Single Room
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 91 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 2 PM-5:30 AM
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle *
- Free valet parking
Nearby Three Star Chennai hotels
In the hotel
- Free buffet breakfast
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- 24-hour room service
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Fitness facilities
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 6
- Conference space
- One meeting room
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1998
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- In-room accessibility
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Bathrobes
- Slippers
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Turndown service
- Separate sitting area
- Partially open bathroom
- Bathtub only
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- 32-inch LCD TV
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Refrigerator
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Top Chennai hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Chennai
- Benzz ParkFrom
"Staff were very courteous and helpful. Checkin took just 10minutes and check out 5 mins. Thats a record! The room was pleasant enough although dated furnishings it was clean and i…"Nov 29, 2016
- Grand Chennai by GRT HotelsFrom
"My husband and I stayed here for 2 nights. Very nice hotel, close to shopping area but not noisy. Seems very family friendly hotel. Only problem was that on the second day that we…"Nov 28, 2016
- Turyaa ChennaiFrom
"Excellent hotel, friendly stuff. Warmly recommended. Do not expect, though, that they would have a city map or organized guided tours. "Nov 26, 2016
- The Leela Palace ChennaiFrom
"Lived the property. Service was excellent but no Concierge level hospitality for suite guests."Nov 19, 2016
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Special features
DiningThe Lobby Cafe - This coffee shop serves breakfast, lunch, dinner, and light fare. Open 24 hours.
The Oriental Blossom - This fine-dining restaurant serves lunch and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
Geoffreys - The Pub - This pub serves light fare only.
Radha Regent, Chennai's small print
Also known as
- Radha Regent
- Radha Regent Chennai
- Radha Regent Hotel
- Radha Regent Hotel Chennai
- Radha Regent Hotel Chennai (Madras)
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of INR 1800 per vehicle (roundtrip)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Good 3.9 /5 from 19 reviews
The location next to bus stop on bangalore to chennai route was what drew us to this motel. It is quite nice inside. The breakfast buffet was amazingly good with lots of Indian and Continental breakfast items.
I have stayed at the radha many times due to its location for my business. The rooms are run down and basic with need of updating. The noise level at night due to live music within the hotel is annoying but is over by midnight. That said the service is always exceptional and the food in the lobby lounge is also excellent.
Water logging at entrance to Hotel was the only glitch because rains had stopped almost 3-4 days back. However, the whole of Chennai and nearby areas had flooded recently.
Back to this hotel after a long gap.. lots of improvement in the front office and lobby , good restaurant. However Geoffry standard gone ...inexperienced staff here . Need to improve the rooms as its the same since last 10-15 years. An ideal for family stay
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
An uncertainty evaluation is presented for the spectroradiometric measurement of the averaged LED intensity (ALI), which is a standardized photometric quantity of LEDs introduced by the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage. Using a spectral irradiance standard lamp as a calibration source for the spectroradiometer, 12 uncertainty components are sorted out and their propagation formulated with correlations between the components taken into account. The procedure of uncertainty evaluation is demonstrated for four LED samples of different colors; red, green, blue, and white. The relative uncertainties of the ALI of the test samples are determined to be in a range from 4.1% to 5.5% , but most of their dominant uncertainty components turn out to be systematic and correlated. In conclusion, correlations between the uncertainty components critically affect the overall uncertainty of the LED measurement using a spectroradiometer.
© 2007 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Henry J. Kostkowski, Judith L. Lean, Robert D. Saunders, and Lanny R. Hughey
Appl. Opt. 25(18) 3297-3306 (1986)
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Natalia Kouremeti, Alkiviadis Bais, Stelios Kazadzis, Mario Blumthaler, and Rainer Schmitt
Appl. Opt. 47(10) 1594-1607 (2008)


text:
NEWARK - (AP) - Authorities say a shooting in Newark has left two men dead.
Thomas Fennelly, a chief assistant prosecutor in the Essex County prosecutor's office, says the shots were fired Sunday night in the city's West Ward.
The victims' identities weren't immediately released. No arrests were announced, and authorities haven't disclosed any potential suspects or motive for the shootings.
READ MORE: New Jersey Crime Stories
Police and prosecutors expect to release further details on Monday.


text:
Option Excercise by Polmex Holdings to purchase 11% of GEPP from Cultiba
Polmex S.L. Unipersonal notifies Organización Cultiba S.A.B de C.V its decision to excercise the option to purchase 11% of Grupo GEPP S.A.P.I de C.V. (beverages division)
3Q16 Earnings Release
Organización Cultiba announces Third Quarter 2016 Financial Results...
3Q16 Earnings Call Advisory
Organización Cultiba Announces Third Quarter 2016 Earnings Conference Call date...
Through our subsidiaries, we aim to drive profitable volume growth and expand EBITDA margins, focusing on the attractive Mexican Market.
Driving the course of our Company we have 4 strategic imperatives.
Most Recent Annual Report
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Most Recent Annual Report BMV
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Most Recent Annual Report
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text:
About Xephyr : Http://xluxaeternax.tumblr.com
Xephyr's FML badges
It's in the can
Hey, you uploaded your photo, and you're cute as a kitten!
Xephyr's favorite FMLs
Today, I tried jumping off my bed over the footboard. I tripped and broke a full length mirror with my face. FML
by Malpal / 01/23/2009 at 6:03am / United States (Michigan) / Love
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Area history, Jan. 2, 2015
In 1915, there are now 44 prisoners in the Champaign County Jail, which is a record for the new jail. Accused murderer J. Scott Stone, who was sick several days last week, is much improved and is ready for three meals a day.
Area history, Jan. 1, 2015
In 1915, Champaign Postmaster Charles Mullikin said today that the post office would resume regular city mail delivery to homes with correct street addresses displayed. "In checking up the numbering Sunday," he said, "it was found that almost 70 percent of the houses within the delivery district of the city are now displaying correct numbers.
My Amish Home: It's the most hectic time of year
"For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of peace." Isaiah 9:6
Neighbors: Recognizing accomplishments in our communities
Honor society
The following local residents were among the 18 students recently inducted into the Lakeview College of Nursing Honor Society: Abigayl Frields of St. Joseph; Kayla Haggart of Gibson City; Brenda Kammin of Sidney; and Natalie Schneider of Champaign.
Younger Generation: Celebrating the achievements of young adults
Robotics symposium
When Uni High School junior Joaqun Gutirrez Malik started tinkering around with the FLL Robotics Club in fourth grade, he had no idea it would propel him to the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE) pre-college symposium Nov. 5-9 in Ann Arbor, Mich. He just knew that robotics was something he really wanted to do.
'My daddy was a great daddy'
The church sanctuary was filled to overflowing with mourners for the deceased.
But the man whose memory was the subject of tears, laughter and celebration did not die at a ripe old age after a long, successful life. Instead, he died much too young, another victim of mindless violence who leaves behind a big family that includes an 7-year-old daughter.
Illinois Ancestors: Reunions Magazine continues 25th year
The second issue of the 25th volume of Reunions Magazine has been sent to subscribers and is also available at many newsstands. A project for a later issue called "Reunions Hall of Fame" will list all the reunions that have been featured over these 24-plus years.
Area history, Dec. 31, 2014
In 1914, Dr. Edmund Janes James, president of the University of Illinois, announces the betrothal of his only daughter, Helen Dickson, to George Frazier, professor of public accounting at the UI, and the comptroller of the university.
Military news in brief
Airman Jonathan Garver of Danville graduated earlier this month from Air Force Basic Military Training at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. Garver is a 2014 graduate of First Baptist Christian School in Danville, and is a member of Calvary Baptist Church in Tilton.
State retirees who paid insurance premiums can expect refunds
SPRINGFIELD — Refunds will be coming early this summer to state retirees who paid health care premiums over a 14-month period before a court decision halted the deductions.
Checks are expected to be in the mail in June 2015, said Springfield lawyer Don Craven, one of the attorneys in the Kanerva lawsuit filed against the state.


text:
Click here to see update #176.
Happy Thanksgiving all. We here at Allakhazam hope you all have a safe and happy Thanksgiving!
Ah, the City of Cabilis, Jewel of Kunark. Anyone would want to live among its romantic canals and old-world architecture! The night life is fantastic and the stench of devotion lingers in the dense swampy air. However, gaining the trust of its citizens is no small feat.
Fortunately Trooper Mozo is just the Iksar to hook you up. He knows people --er lizards, that know people. All he asks is you play along with his challenging dare of "get some bone chips" (Be prepared to hand him several thousand, but you can rather easily max out nearly all the key faction in Cabilis with this one quest).
However, Trooper Mozo lacks one key connection: the necromancer guild aka "Brood of Kotiz". Gaining favor with them is no small feat as it seems the only practical way to do this is the kill various exiled Iksars across Kunark. It appears this is a +1 hit per kill kind of mission.
I've done some work on the Warslik's Woods NPCs for this faction (including adding the surprisingly completely missing faction hits for the Iksar Bandit Lord), but we need assistance tracking down and reporting faction numbers for the other NPC in the other zones (see Brood of Kotiz faction page for the somewhat short list of NPC you can kill, and the list of quests).
As far as the quests go, it's really easiest for an Iksar necromancer to test them, or at least someone with illusions and alliance type spells. We need verification of nearly all the quests tied to this faction. It's especially important to note the minimum faction required to get the quest, for example the early stages of the necromancer skull cap line appear to require amiable.
From the offical boards, Laylaih announced this PROMOTION:
We're excited to be celebrating the launch of Empires of Kunark! To add to the festivities, we want to give YOU a chance to win some great prizes!
Here's what you need to do:
From November 21 – November 28, make sure you're following @everquest on Twitter. Tweet us your favorite screenshot of Kunark to @everquest using the hashtags #ReturnToKunark and #sweepstakes. Your screenshot of Kunark may be from previous content or the new expansion. You can also submit your favorite screenshot directly via Votigo here. You may tweet or submit one (1) Kunark screenshot per day for each of the eight (8) days of the Sweepstakes Period, for a total of eight (8) submissions.
Here's what you could win:
GRAND PRIZE: An EverQuest-themed Prize Package which includes:
Three (3) winners will be selected randomly from eligible entries as Grand Prize winners.
Head to Twitter and make sure you're following @everquest, or start submitting your screenshots via Votigo!
The Sweepstakes is open to everyone eighteen (18) and over at the time of entry. For full official rules, please visit this site.


text:
State Constitutions and Statutes
Stateside Associates - Information on state legislatures, governors, organizations serving state government officials.
CEGI California Electronic Government Information
CERES - The California Environmental Resources Evaluation System. "Access to electronic database
describing California's natural resources."
International City/County Management Association
National Association of Counties
National Conference of State Legislatures


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 13, 1992
|Filing date
|Feb 26, 1987
|Priority date
|Feb 26, 1987
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Klaus Ulbrich
|Original Assignee
|Klaus Ulbrich
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (24), Referenced by (9), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to improvements which are primarily applicable to the structure and use of coordinate measuring probes which are used with coordinate measuring machines.
The head of a coordinate measuring machine is usually movable along three mutually perpendicular linear axes. A probe is mounted on the head, the head is moved to a position where the tip of the probe stylus contacts the workpiece which is being studied, and the x, y and z coordinates of the head's position are sensed and recorded. A series of such readings are obtained and analyzed to obtain measurements of the workpiece.
A prevalent type of probe presently in use is a touch trigger probe. Such a probe provides a signal when it contacts the workpiece, and this signal triggers the taking of readings which indicate the head's position.
Another type of existing probe is a coordinate measuring probe. The probe disclosed in this specification is a new probe in this category. In a coordinate measuring probe, the probe has internal parts which are relatively movable in order to enable the stylus tip to move relative to the head of the coordinate measuring machine, along three mutually perpendicular axes. When such a probe is used, the displacement of the stylus tip relative to the head is is added to or subtracted from the head's coordinate location in the three coordinate directions. In some prior coordinate measuring probes, the displacement of the stylus tip from a neutral or zero position is sensed by linear variable differential transformers ("LVDT") and, in others, there are optical transducers with scales which are read optically by photosensitive pulse counting devices.
The structure and use of earlier coordinate measuring probes have presented several sources of error. For example, a lack of parallellism between the axes of the coordinate measuring machine and the coordinate measuring probe will lead to errors, as will nonlinear movement within the probe along any ostensibly linear axis. Friction between relatively movable parts of the probe presents another source of error. Metrology experts, recognizing these potential error sources, have endeavored to reduce such errors, but these efforts have focused primarily on improvement of the accuracy of the components of the measuring probes with respect to distance measuring and linearity.
LVDTs inherently produce errors because their output signals are not linear, they have a limited measurement range, they are slow to provide readings when a probe is moving in a dynamic mode, they introduce friction or require lubrication due to the sliding movement of a core within a tube, and their obligatory linear motion imposes restraints on the mechanical design of a probe.
Some aspects of the present invention are based upon the recognition that accuracy does not require precise linear movement between the relatively movable members of a coordinate measuring probe, nor does accuracy require parallelism between the coordinate axes of the probe and the coordinate axes of the machine head. Rather, it is possible to obtain a high degree of accuracy by using a mechanism which provides precise repeatability, and a calibration technique which creates a mathematical model which is capable of translating readings taken along the probe's coordinate axis system into readings which are expressed in terms of the machine's coordinate axis system. Accuracy is also enhanced by a novel movement guiding device which assures precise repeatability, and by a novel optical position sensing device which operates between relatively movable members within the probe.
Although the principal applicability of the invention is in association with coordinate measuring machines, it is envisioned that the features disclosed in this specification will be useful in other areas where measurements are made, for example, in machine tools such as milling machines, jig borers and the like.
In one respect, the invention applies to a method and apparatus wherein a probe supporting head is movable along a first set of coordinate axes, and a probe is rigidly mounted on the head and provided with a stylus receiving mount which is movable relative to the head along a second set of coordinate axes. The axes in the first set are nonaligned with respect to the axes of the second set. The position indicating values provided by one of the sensing means along its set of coordinate axes is translated into position indicating values which lie on axes which are aligned with the other set of coordinate axes. The translating step may be performed by a computer or other suitable means.
From another perspective, the invention involves a motion guiding device and a probe which embodies such a device. In this device, a second member is connected to and relatively movable with respect to a first member. The connection between these members is provided by a plurality of elongated flexible connector elements which each have an elongated midportion and opposite end portions which are connected to the first member and the second member. These connector elements are arranged in two sets of parallel elements, and the elements in one set have their longitudinal axes nonparallel relative to the longitudinal axes of the elements in the other set. This arrangement restrains the movement of the second member relative to the first member to a single arcuate path which lies transverse to the longitudinal axes of the elements in both sets. To avoid excessive movement, the elements are preferably arranged so that they have mutually confronting surfaces which are normally spaced apart but are movable toward and into contact with each other when there is a predetermined distance of movement of the second member relative to the first member. Upon such contact, movement beyond said predetermined distance is prevented. Also, it is preferred to connect three such motion guiding devices together in series so that their single arcuate paths are generally perpendicular to each other.
The invention also relates to a position sensing apparatus and to probes embodying such position sensors. The sensing apparatus has two optical devices, each of which has a light source element and a light sensor element. Each device has one of its elements mounted on a first member, and these are set at orientations where they face in opposite directions. Each device has its other element mounted on a second member, and these are also oriented in opposite directions. With this arrangement, relative movement between the first and second members shortens the optical beam of one optical device and lengthens the optical beam of the other optical device. Circuit means can be provided for comparing signals from the light sensors and providing an output signal which is indicative of the position of the second member relative to the first member.
Notwithstanding this brief summary, a number of further features of importance are disclosed in the following description and shown in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagramatic view showing the main components of a coordinate measuring machine with a probe and stylus mounted thereon.
FIG. 2 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a probe constructed according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a single motion guiding device, a stylus receiving mount, and a motion guiding device which permits motion primarily in the direction of the z-axis.
FIG. 4 is another view of the z-axis mechanism which is broken away to show some of its interior workings.
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but with additional components removed therefrom so as to show only one of the main members of the device, and the flex wires which are connected to it.
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic side view which illustrates the manner in which the mechanism of the invention prevents relative movement beyond a predetermined distance.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view through the z-axis device showing the orientation and positioning of the components of the position sensing means.
FIG. 8 is a circuit schematic of the apparatus.
FIG. 1 shows a coordinate measuring machine in which a probe 2 connects a stylus 4 to the head 6 of the machine. The machine has a base 8 for supporting the workpiece 10, and the head 6 is moved in three mutually perpendicular linear directions which enables the tip of the stylus 4 to contact the workpiece 10. Scales 11, 13 and 15 on the machine are readable visually or electronically to indicate the head position with respect to the linear directions of mobility, so it is possible to ascertain the probe's position in terms of the machine's coordinate axes. Probe movement in the y-axis direction, perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 1, is provided by a longitudinal carriage 12. Movement in the x-axis direction is provided by the transverse carriage 14; and, movement in the vertical z-axis direction is provided by the connection between the head 6 and the carriage 14. To this extent, the measuring machine is conventional.
The probe according to the present invention is constructed so that it permits omnidirectional movement of the tip of the stylus 4 relative to the machine head 6. The probe has internal means for sensing the extent of this movement in terms of a coordinate axis system which is determined by the probe's mechanical structure and is not coincident with the machine's coordinate axis system. Readings from the probe can be resolved mathematically by a computer 15 into the three orthogonal directions of the machine's coordinate axes.
Details of the probe are shown in FIG. 2. It has a housing 16 which is rigidly mounted on an adapter or coupling 18 which, in turn, is rigidly connected to the head 6 of the coordinate measuring machine. The housing 16 has a top piece 20 and a square tubular body 22 which comprises the four side walls of the housing. The housing 16 is connected to the adapter by a base plate 24 which also defines the lower wall of a space 26 where the probe's electronic circuit components are located.
Protruding below the lower end of the housing 16, there is a stylus receiving mount 28 which carries a plurality of internally threaded collars 30 which provide couplings for connecting a stylus 4 to the probe. As shown in FIG. 2, a stylus 4 with a ball tip 32 is threaded into a collar 30 which is concentric with the z-axis of the probe. Depending upon the task to be performed by the probe, styli can be attached to any of the unoccupied couplings, eighteen of which are provided on the mount 28.
The stylus receiving mount 28 and thus the stylus 4 are movable with respect to the housing 16, adapter shaft 18, and machine head 6. This movement takes place along three predetermined repeatable nonlinear paths. Each of these paths is established by one of the motion guiding devices 34, 36 or 38. Each of these devices has a lower member which is movable relative to its upper member, and the devices are connected together in series in that the x-axis device 34 has its lower member connected to the upper member of the y-axis device 36. The y-axis device, in turn, has its lower member connected to the upper member of the z-axis device 38. Due to this arrangement, the movement of the stylus tip relative to the coupling shank 18 is the sum of the movements experienced by the three devices 34, 36 and 3B.
A preferred and novel form of motion guiding device is a flex wire mechanism. Details of the z-axis flex wire mechanism 38 are shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5. It has a generally cubic shape, and its side walls are formed of two members 40 and 42, both of which have an L-shaped horizontal cross section; i.e., each member is an angle formed of two mutually perpendicular legs. The upper or first member 40 is affixed to and supported by the y-axis device 36, and the lower or second member 42 is movable relative to the first member 40 in a predetermined direction which is repeatable, precise, nonlinear, and lies approximately in a vertical or z-axis direction.
The precision and repeatability of the relative motion between the members 40 and 42 is due to the use of a group of connector elements, preferably resilient wires of fixed lengths, which each have one end portion connected to the member 40 and one end portion connected to the member 42. FIG. 5 shows the manner in which each wire has one end clamped to the member 40 by a clamping bar 44. Similar clamping bars are shown in FIG. 2 for connecting the other ends of the wires to the member 42.
The wires are arranged in two nonparallel sets, with each set having at least three wires. In the illustrated embodiment, four wires 46 extend in an x-axis direction as one set, and four wires 48 extend in a y-axis direction as another set. The wires 46 restrain movement of member 42 relative to member 40 to movement which is transverse to the longitudinal axes of the wires 46, whereas the wires 48 restrain movement of member 42 relative to member 40 to movement which is transverse to the longitudinal axes of the wires 48. The transverse movement in each case is arcuate, this movement being generally spherical for small displacements and tending toward a parabolic form for larger displacements. Due to the presence of the two motion restraining means, the movement of the member 42 relative to the member 40 will be limited to a single arcuate path which is transverse to the longitudinal axes of all of the wires 46 and 48, i.e. the wires in both wire sets. In the flex wire mechanism of FIG. 2, a projection of this single arcuate path is shown with exagerated curvature by the arrow 50, and it will lie in a vertical plane which is displaced at 45� to the x-axis and y-axis.
There is normally a spacing between the members 40 and 42. In the illustrated embodiment, this spacing takes the form of two narrow gaps 52 and 54 which can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4. Across these gaps, the end surfaces of the legs of member 42 confront the inside faces of the legs of the member 40. Although these confronting surfaces are normally spaced apart across the gaps they will, due to the fixed length of the wires, move toward each other when the member 42 moves vertically relative to the member 40. At a predetermined point of this movement, these surfaces will come into contact, and this acts as a stop to prevent any further relative movement between the members of the z-axis device 38. This condition is shown in FIG. 6 where the surfaces 56 and 58 have engaged each other. This drawing also shows that each wire has a very shallow compound S-shaped curvature in the respect that the elongated midportion of the wire is flexed downwardly from the member 42 and is flexed upwardly from the member 40. This flexion is well below the elastic limit of the spring wires 46 and 48, so the resiliency of the wires will return the members toward their original positions when any external force is removed from the members 40 and 42.
In order to detect changes in the position of the mount 28 relative to the probe's mounting shank 18, each of the flex wire mechanisms 34, 36 and 38 is provided with a position sensing means which operates between its upper and lower members. A preferred and novel position sensing means is a differential photonic divergence transducer. Such a device, shown in FIG. 7, has two infrared light emitting diodes 72 and 74 which are light sources, and two photodiodes 76 and 78 which act as light sensors. Both light sensors are mounted on the member 40 by a piece 79 which is rigidly connected to the member 40. The light sources 72 and 74 face away from each other in opposite directions so that the beam 80 from the diode 72 is directed upwardly and the beam 82 from the diode 74 is directed downwardly. The two light sensors 76 and 78 are affixed to the member 42 of the z-axis flex wire mechanism 38, and these photodiodes face in opposite directions toward each other where they will receive the beams of infrared light from the diodes 72 and 74. The upper sensor 76 is mounted on a tongue 84 which is integral with one of the wire clamping bars 44. The lower sensor diode 78 is mounted on a tongue 86 which is integral with another wire clamping bar. The configuration of this tongue 86 is shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen in FIG. 7, the arrangement of the light sources and sensors is such that any vertical relative movement between the members 40 and 42 will shorten one beam 80 or 82, and lengthen the other beam, thereby changing the differential between the voltage signals produced by the photodiodes 76 and 78.
The principal electronic components of the apparatus include a circuit board mounted in the compartment 26 of the probe, a personal computer system 17, a custom interface board which is plugged into an expansion slot in the bus of the computer, and a commercially available analog-to-digital (A/D) board which is also plugged into an expansion slot.
A circuit schematic is presented in FIG. 8 wherein components for the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis measurements are assigned suffixes which correspond to their respective axes. For example, the x-axis unit 34 shown in FIG. 2 has two light emitting diodes which are identified in FIG. 8 as 72x and 74x. The diodes are disposed relative to each other in the manner shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 8, the symbolic prefix "#" represents pins in the connectors between the probe-carried circuit board and the computer-mounted interface board; and, the prefix "CH" designates conductors which extend between the interface board 102 and the A/D board 106.
The probe's internal circuit board 90 carries the circuitry shown in box 90 in FIG. 8. The output of each photodiode is filtered by one of the R-C circuits 92x, 92y or 92z which perform low level signal filtering, and the filtered output is connected to either pin 1 or pin 2 of a differential amplifier integrated circuit 94x, 94y or 94z. A suitable differential instrumentation amplifier is designated AD-524 by its supplier, Analog Devices, 2 Technology Way, Norwood, Mass. 02062. Each of these combines or compares the filtered output of the two photosensors of one of the devices 34, 36 or 38, essentially performing a subtractive operation to produce an internal signal which is the differential between the two input signals, and then amplifies this differential to produce an amplified analog output signal. The instrumentation amplifiers 94 are adjusted so that their outputs will be from plus 12 to minus 12 volts in response to displacements of �0.125 inch. The output signals are carried from the probe to the computer by a shielded cable containing three wires 96x, 96y and 96z, and these signals indicate the positions sensed respectively by the x-axis device 34, the y-device 36 and the z-axis device 38.
The shielded cable with the conductors 96x, 96y and 96z leads from the probe 2 to the interface board 102 which is plugged directly into an expansion slot of the computer's bus. The circuit components of the interface board are illustrated in box 102 of FIG. 8. Secondary filtering of the output signals from the differential amplifiers 94 is performed by the R-C circuits 104x, 104y and 104z, and these secondarily filtered analog signals are then fed to the analog-to-digital converter which is shown in block diagram form at 106. A suitable A/D converter is designated DT2801/5716 and is available from Data Translation, Inc., 100 Lock Drive, Marlborough, Mass. 01752 and is described in their publication UM-00666-d1855. Conductors 108x, 108y and 108z carry the digital output signals to the computer's resident circuitry which, using suitable software, provides an output or readout signal which indicates the relative positioning of the two relatively movable members of each device 34, 36 and 38 along true, not approximate, x, y and z axes.
Another function of the interface board 102 is to distribute power from the computer to the diodes of the probe 2. A conductor 110 carries a negative five volts which is coupled to the light emitting diodes 72x, 74x, 72y, 74y, 72z and 74z by fixed resistors 112 and potentiometers 116. The potentiometers provide an analog adjustment to change the intensity of the infrared radiation sources, i.e. the diodes 72 and 74. Such adjustments may be made to compensate for performance variations between different diodes, and to bring the mechanical and electronic zero points into coincidence A conductor 120 carries a negative 5 volts to the R-C filters at the inputs of the differential amplifiers 94x, 94y and 94z.
The probe can be furnished to a customer with a kit which includes the probe 2, a set of styli 4 for performing a variety of tasks, a computer, cabling for connecting the probe to the computer, and a floppy disk which has the software for the computer.
The probe 2 and a stylus 4 are mounted on the machine, the software is loaded into the computer, the probe is electronically connected to the computer by the cable, and a calibration routine is followed to provide the computer with data which permits it to make a map or formula which correlates the probe signals to the actual displacements experienced by the stylus during calibration. Calibration is performed in a manner which includes all internal effects of the probe and deflection characteristics of the stylus, shanks and extensions.
One acceptable calibration routine is performed while the stylus tip is held stationary by seating it in a conical recess. The probe-supporting head 6 is moved to many positions within the desired range in the x, y and z directions. At each of these positions, the probe signals are recorded in the computer's internal memory, and they may also be saved to a disk. Readouts from the machine's scales 11, 13 and 15 are also recorded, and these readouts are the values of delta x, delta y, and delta z.
A preferred calibration routine is performed with a precision workpiece which is placed on the work supporting surface of the coordinate measuring machine. A precision ring or sphere is suitable. The machine is operated to move the probe to many work-contacting positions. Multiple readings are taken. If the workpiece is a sphere, its true center is determined. A best fit sphere routine is used so that the relative offsets between a number of the probe tips 30 may be determined. The diameters of the precision sphere and a spherical stylus tip are known and constant, so the center-to-center distance is constant regardless of the location where the probe tip contacts the workpiece. This makes it possible to obtain a delta x, y or z by subtracting the measured radius from the actual radius, and then breaking down that value by the surface normal components. The delta values thus obtained are similar in magnitude to the values found by using the conic seat calibration routine described in the preceding paragraph.
Each calibration routine described above generates a 6�10 matrix of probe head readings. This matrix includes ten lines of readings which correspond to ten different positions of the probe stylus mount 28 relative to the machine head 6. Three columns of the matrix have the coordinate positions sensed by the three position sensing devices on the probe, and three columns have similar readings in the "fine" or high resolution mode. This matrix and values representing the probe's displacement as sensed by the scales which read the probe head position are used to construct a mathematical model for translating or converting the three probe signals into the machine's linear coordinate displacement values x, y and z.
The computer software maps the analog output from the probe to the digital reference axes of the coordinate measuring machine. It converts the digitized version of the probe's analog output into x, y and z displacement values by use of a three dimensional mathematical model. The computer does the decoding and scaling operations, performs communications, updates the display, and it also performs operator interaction when in a manual operation mode. It can be interfaced to communicate with the controller of the coordinate measuring machine or other host machines.
A preferred method of modeling is a multiple linear regression technique which uses readings received from the machine and probe during calibration to quantify constants which are unique to the particular setup. The formulae are as follows wherein x, y, and z are the distances the probe tip is displaced from its zero or neutral position according to the scales of the coordinate measuring machine; and a, b and c are the displacements sensed by the optical sensors along their respective axes:
Δx=kl+(k2.a)+(k3.b)+(k4.c)+(kt.a2)+(k2.b2 +(k7.c2);
Using the values of a, b and c found during calibration, the formulae are solved to find the constants k. These constants are then inserted in the formulae, thus enabling the computer to translate the values of a, b and c into linear values aligned precisely with the axes of probe head movement.
The readout can be in the form of visual display on the computer monitor. Simply by changing the gain of the A/D converter 106, which can be performed by signals from the computer, the readout can be either provided in a regular scale and resolution, or in a fine scale and resolution. On the regular scale, a suitable active range is �2.5 mm, and the resolution is 0.07 um. On the fine scale, the active range is �0.3 mm and the resolution is 10 nm. By taking multiple readings and averaging them, higher resolution are available.
From the foregoing, persons familiar with the field of the invention will recognize that the invention provides a new and useful method and apparatus. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be practiced by devices and procedures which differ from the preferred embodiments described herein. Therefore, it is emphasized that the invention is not limited to the preceding disclosure, but embraces a wide variety of apparatuses and methods which fall within the spirit of the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
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|Oct 4, 1994
Owner name: ADVANCED METROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ULBRICH, KLAUS;REEL/FRAME:007156/0084
Effective date: 19940920
|Mar 19, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 12, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 10, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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They're the most famous pianos in the world – but how are they made? We went behind the scenes at Steinway's Hamburg factory to find out.
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Here, a worker at the Steinway factory puts dampers in place. The dampers stop the strings vibrating once a note has been released. Each worked in the factory specialises in one particular job and is an expert in their particular technique.
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Pakistan, Karachi News : The meteorological department has predicted more rains for Sindh and Balochistan during the next 24 hours.
The MET office has issued a warning for drains overflowing in Sibi, Kalat, Naseerabad and Makran divisions of Balochistan which may lead to floods.
In Sindh, an urban flooding warning has been issued for Larkana, Hyderabad and Karachi.
At least ten people were killed in Karachi from electrocution and other rain related incidents. Rainwater filled the streets and roads of many areas including Old City Area, Defence, II Chundrigar Road, Nazimabad, Steel Town, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Gulistan-e-Jauhar, Shahra-e-Faisal, Landhi and the areas adjoining University Road and Airport Road.
In Balochistan, residents of areas next to drains have been directed to vacate their homes due to a fear of flooding. Torrential rains in northern parts of the country have triggered flash floods in rivers and drains, washing away hundreds of houses and killing dozens of people.