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decided: February 11, 1974.
ALBERT J. WAHBA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT,v.NEW YORK UNIVERSITY AND SEVERO OCHOA, DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES
Appeal from an order of the District Court for the Southern District of New York, Whitman Knapp, Judge, granting defendants' motion for summary judgment, for lack of requisite government action, in a suit by a research associate professor whom defendants removed from research work on a project funded by a federal grant. Affirmed.
Moore, Friendly and Anderson, Circuit Judges.
FRIENDLY, Circuit Judge:
This appeal presents another variation on the pervasive theme of what constitutes government action. The complaint, filed in the District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleged the following: Plaintiff was a research associate professor in the Biochemistry Department of the New York University School of Medicine. Defendant Ochoa was chairman of the Department. Beginning in 1957, the New York University Medical Center received a series of annually renewed grants from the National Institute of Health (NIH), a component of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, for a program of basic research on Enzymic Mechanisms in Biosynthesis. The initial grant application designated Dr. Ochoa as "Principal Investigator;" Dr. Wahba was later listed as a participant. In January 1969 Dr. Wahba was invited to discuss the work he had been doing at a June symposium sponsored by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory of Quantitative Biology. Dr. Wahba accepted the invitation and subsequently agreed to submit a related manuscript for publication in the laboratory's journal. In September, the complaint alleged, Dr. Ochoa rebuked plaintiff for having sent the manuscript without clearance and without including Dr. Ochoa's name. He demanded that Dr. Wahba write that experiments performed after submission of the manuscript made it desirable to withhold publication. Deeming this to be untrue, plaintiff refused to sign. Dr. Ochoa then removed Dr. Wahba from work on the research project and demanded that Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory cancel publication of the manuscript. About two months later, plaintiff was advised that his contract as a research associate professor would not be renewed upon its expiration on August 31, 1970. Prior to that time, Dr. Wahba obtained other employment at a medical school in Montreal. Apparently having suffered no economic loss, plaintiff requested punitive damages of $250,000 for harm to his reputation and emotional suffering.
In their answer, defendants attributed Dr. Ochoa's refusal to allow publication of the manuscript to the well-recognized scientific practice that papers emanating from group research shall not be published without the advance approval of the principal investigator. They added that Dr. Wahba's manuscript contained assertions that were at variance with findings of other investigators in the Department of Biochemistry which were then being prepared for publication. They also noted that despite Dr. Ochoa's protests, Dr. Wahba's manuscript was published. Alleging that it had continued to pay plaintiff's salary through February 1970, although he had been paid by the Sherbrooke University School of Medicine since January 2, defendant New York University counterclaimed for the two months' pay.
On the basis of affidavits of an attorney and two University officials,*fn1 accompanied by copious exhibits, defendants moved for dismissal of the complaint or summary judgment in their favor on the basis that their conduct did not constitute government action. Judge Knapp granted the motion for summary judgment in defendants' favor; he later issued the appropriate certificate under F.R.Civ.P. 54(b), noting that the pendency of the counterclaim afforded no just reason for delaying the entry of judgment. Plaintiff has appealed.
It is not clear from his complaint whether plaintiff seeks recovery for his dismissal from the research project, or for the University's failure to renew his one-year contract without according him a due process hearing, or for both. As a non-tenured faculty member, in order to sustain his claim that he was dismissed without the requisite procedural protections, he would have to show some deprivation of liberty or property under the criteria established in Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 92 S. Ct. 2701, 33 L. Ed. 2d 548 (1972), and Perry v. Sindermann, 408 U.S. 593, 33 L. Ed. 2d 570, 92 S. Ct. 2694 (1972).*fn2 Beyond this, however, Dr. Wahba appears to claim that he was denied First Amendment rights by virtue of Dr. Ochoa's demand that he withdraw his paper, and that he was denied due process by being severed from the research program without a hearing. We find it unnecessary to differentiate among the various possible claims raised in the complaint, since we are unable to discern the government action necessary to sustain any of them.
Plaintiff characterizes his situation as analogous to that of the students at the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University, discussed in Powe v. Miles, 407 F.2d 73 (2 Cir. 1968). As to the Ceramics College students, we found state action in the administration of discipline even though this was done by the President and Dean of Students of Alfred, who were not state officials, and the acts of the students were committed outside the Ceramics College. The distance separating this case from that of the New York State Ceramics College is sufficiently shown by quoting the most pertinent portion of our opinion, 407 F.2d at 82-83:
We hold that regulation of demonstrations by and discipline of the students in the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University by the President and the Dean of Students constitutes state action, for the seemingly simple but entirely sufficient reason that the State has willed it that way. The very name of the college identifies it as a state institution. In part I of this opinion we have extensively reviewed the statutes making the college an integral part of the State University; it suffices here to cite Education Law § 6102, whereby Alfred University maintains discipline and determines educational policies with respect to the State College "as the representative of the state university trustees." We see no reason why the State should not be taken at its word. The statutory provisions are not mere verbiage; they reflect the Legislature's belief that the citizens of New York would demand retention of State control over an educational institution wholly supported by State money. If the discipline had been administered by the Dean of CC, all of whose salary is paid by the State, because of acts of CC students in the State-owned buildings, the existence of state action would hardly be doubted. We do not think a different result is justified because here the CC students were demonstrating on another part of the campus, which the State's payments on their behalf entitled them to enter for proper purposes, and the authority was exercised by delegates of the State who also have other roles. While even as to the CC students the President and the Dean of Students may lack the symbolic tie with the state furnished by the deputy sheriff's badge in Griffin v. Maryland, supra, or the public building in Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, supra, the students of the New York State College of Ceramics can properly regard themselves as receiving a public education and entitled to be treated by those in charge in the same way as their counterparts in other portions of the State University. If the State wanted Alfred's policy on demonstrations changed for the CC students, mere order of the State University trustees would suffice, Education Law § 355(1) (a), and (2) (b); no general legislation would be needed, as it would be if the State desired to control the policy for other students. However one characterizes Alfred's relationship to the State with respect to the New York State College of Ceramics, it is much closer than that of an independent contractor. The State furnishes the land, buildings and equipment; it meets and evidently expects to continue to meet the entire budget; it requires that all receipts be credited against that budget, Education Law § 6102; and in the last analysis it can tell Alfred not simply what to do but how to do it.
This, however, does not end the case. Plaintiff claims that the relationship established by the research grant sufficiently involves the United States to carry the First Amendment and the due process clause of the Fifth over to New York University's dealings with him.
The application for the initial grant stated the names, so far as available, and included biographical sketches of all the personnel whose salaries were to be funded; Dr. Wahba's name was not listed. The grant included the salaries, certain other itemized expenses, and 20% of the total for indirect costs. Dr. Wahba's name first appeared in answer to a request for the names and title of "all other professional personnel engaged in the project" in an application for continued support through August 31, 1964; he was not, however, among those whose salaries were to be reimbursed. The same pattern continued thereafter. Papers co-authored by Dr. Wahba were mentioned in several of the applications. The research was thus a project of the Biochemistry Department of the New York University School of Medicine carried on with the collaboration of a number of University-paid personnel and on University facilities. The University received no federal payment for the services of the personnel or the use of the facilities except insofar as these were covered by the 20% allowance for incidental costs.
Plaintiff cites a Policy Statement of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, revised July 1, 1967. This clearly informs grantees that
Public Health Service grants and awards must be administered in conformance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964; the regulation (45 CFR, Part 80) issued pursuant thereto by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; and the grantee's Assurance of Compliance (Form HEW-441), on file with the Public Health Service.
Plaintiff makes no contention that the defendants have violated Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which provides, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d, that "No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." Instead, he relies on general language in the Policy Statement which we set forth in the margin.*fn3 This, says the plaintiff, is clear evidence that the Federal Government regards itself as "a partner or . . . a joint venturer" in the research project, see Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis, 407 U.S. 163, 177, 32 L. Ed. 2d 627, 92 S. Ct. 1965 (1972).
As indicated in Powe v. Miles, supra, 407 F.2d at 82-83, and Grafton v. Brooklyn Law School, 478 F.2d 1137, 1141-43 (2 Cir. 1973), we do not find decisions dealing with one form of state involvement and a particular provision of the Bill of Rights at all determinative in passing upon claims concerning different forms of government involvement and other constitutional guarantees. In any event there was here no partnership or joint venture in the ordinary meaning of those words. As against the language of the Policy Statement on which plaintiff relies, another paragraph states:
Administration of a grant-supported research project is a joint undertaking by the grantee and the principal investigator. The grantee assumes responsibility for fiscal and administrative management and fulfillment of any special conditions which may be prescribed for the conduct of the research. The principal investigator and the grantee institution share responsibility for the conduct of the research and for using grant funds prudently for the purposes set forth in the application and Notice of Grant Awarded.
The venture was to be that of New York University and Dr. Ochoa, undertaken with government support. What NIH wanted least was to share responsibility for its administration.
The Court in Moose Lodge could not have meant the reference to partners or joint venturers to be satisfied with some commonalty of economic interests simpliciter, since as a comment has pointed out, The Supreme Court 1971 Term, 86 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 73-74 (1972), such interests existed in a substantial degree in that case itself. The lodge received from the state permission to operate a lucrative business and obtained a valuable property right in the liquor license itself; the state, operating a monopoly system, was provided with a distributor that produced substantial revenue. Reconciliation of Moose Lodge with Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, 365 U.S. 715, 6 L. Ed. 2d 45, 81 S. Ct. 856 (1961), where the reciprocity of economic interests was not measurably greater, must rest on the difference between a private club and a restaurant in a public building. However offensive the exclusion of blacks from a social club holding one of a restricted number of state liquor licenses, the Court thought it significantly less than their exclusion from a restaurant in a building owned and operated by a public authority and whose construction and maintenance were paid by public funds. As Mr. Justice Clark so eloquently said in Burton, 365 U.S. at 724-25,
It is irony amounting to grave injustice that in one part of a single building, erected and maintained with public funds by an agency of the State to serve a public purpose, all persons have equal rights, while in another portion, also serving the public, a Negro is a second-class citizen, offensive because of his race, without rights and unentitled to service, but at the same time fully enjoys equal access to nearby restaurants in wholly privately owned buildings.
Plaintiff likewise derives little benefit from two leading and oft-cited cases relating to government grants, Kerr v. Enoch Pratt Free Library, 149 F.2d 212 (4 Cir.), cert. denied, 326 U.S. 721, 90 L. Ed. 427, 66 S. Ct. 26 (1945), and Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, 323 F.2d 959 (4 Cir. 1963) (en banc), cert. denied, 376 U.S. 938, 11 L. Ed. 2d 659, 84 S. Ct. 793 (1964). Apart from the point that both involved racial discrimination, the relative amount of public support in Pratt had become so great that in practical effect the city had simply chosen to allow private trustees to operate a public agency, and in Moses H. Cone the federal government had involved North Carolina in administering the clearly unconstitutional "separate but equal" provision of the Hill-Burton Act, 60 Stat. 1041, 1043 (1946). Pointing in defendants' favor but not truly decisive are Grossner v. Trustees of Columbia University, 287 F. Supp. 535 (S.D.N.Y. 1968), and our own decision in Grafton v. Brooklyn Law School, supra, 478 F.2d 1137. In Grossner, Judge Frankel refused to find state action, in the context of student discipline, despite Columbia's receipt of over 40% of its total revenues from the federal government, together, of course, with the benefits of federal, state and local tax exemption. Similarly, in Grafton we rejected the plaintiff's contention, in the context of First Amendment and due process claims, that the conduct of the law school officials constituted state action because of a combination of the school's tax exemption, the sale of a site by New York City at a price so low that the school ultimately paid nothing for the portion of the land on which it was built, a $400 payment by the State for each degree awarded, and State regulations setting criteria for the law school curriculum that would qualify an applicant to take the state bar examination. We are left therefore with the task of "sifting facts and weighing circumstances" imposed by Mr. Justice Clark's opinion in Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, supra, 365 U.S. at 722, a procedure which, despite contemporary criticism of the opinion for failure to afford sufficient guidance,*fn4 has survived much better than attempts at more definitive formulations.
As the writer has suggested elsewhere,*fn5 determination of government action in such cases as this hinges on the weighing of a number of variables, principally the degree of government involvement, the offensiveness of the conduct, and the value of preserving a private sector free from the constitutional requirements applicable to government institutions. Here, while NIH funded the salaries of personnel engaged full-time in the project, one of the very reasons for its having this research conducted by the New York University School of Medicine, rather than performing the work itself, was to enlist the participation of other members of the Department of Biochemistry, notably the principal investigator, Dr. Ochoa, a scientist of international renown who had won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1959. The Policy Statement makes the principal investigator "responsible for the scientific and technical direction of the project"; if he should cease to serve in that capacity, the grant is ended unless the grantee chooses to nominate a successor satisfactory to NIH. The form and manner of publication of results are left entirely in private hands.
This kind of arrangement, whereby federal funds are used to prime the pump of research effort in private scientific institutions which the Government could not perform as well, has social values too obvious to require elaboration. Only rarely are professors of Dr. Ochoa's eminence willing to enter government service in peacetime. It is equally clear that scientists of his reputation on the staffs of private institutions, with a wealth of choices before them, are not likely to be willing to undertake projects under public grants if they are deprived of the freedom of management which they consider necessary and would have in projects not governmentally financed. It is hardly an attractive prospect for a research scientist to be forced to divert time from scientific inquiry to appear before a court or even a university board to justify such decisions as his refusal to allow a participant in his research project to make what he considers a premature and ill-advised publication;*fn6 even less inviting is the prospect that the hearing board, in construing what it deems to be its constitutional mandate, may require him to allow such publication. Congress has specified one constitutional command, a prohibition of racial discrimination, which those engaging in federally financed projects must respect. This very specification affords some indication that the Government did not mean to require compliance with other constitutional guarantees; we do not think the Constitution imposes them proprio vigore.
At argument appellant's counsel called our attention to McQueen v. Druker, 438 F.2d 781 (1 Cir. 1971). Dealing with a low and moderate income housing project under § 221(d)(3) of the National Housing Act, 12 U.S.C. § 1715 l (d)(2), the court held that a landlord who had received the very substantial aid which the federal program provided could not evict a tenant whose lease had not been renewed because of the tenant's "associational activities" on behalf of fellow tenants; the court avoided passing on further claims with respect to what, if any, notice and hearing in addition to normal state court eviction proceedings would be required in cases not presenting what the court considered a valid First Amendment defense.
We are not here required to decide whether we would follow McQueen, despite our holding in Langevin v. Chenango Court, Inc., 447 F.2d 296 (2 Cir. 1971), that tenants under the same program were not entitled to a hearing on a rent increase which the FHA had approved.*fn7 The government involvement in a § 221(d)(3) project is arguably greater than under a NIH grant. The basis of the holding in McQueen was "that at least when a specific governmental function is carried out by heavily subsidized private firms or individuals whose freedom of decision-making has, by contract and the reserved governmental power of continuing oversight, been circumscribed substantially more than that generally accorded an independent contractor, the coloration of state action fairly attaches," 438 F.2d at 784-85. See also Joy v. Daniels, 479 F.2d 1236, 1238-39 (4 Cir. 1973). As previously indicated, there is no similar circumscription of decision-making here. Coming to our second criterion, we think the offensiveness of refusing to renew a lease in retaliation for a tenant's efforts to protect his rights and those of his fellows, see 438 F.2d at 785 and n. 8, considerably outruns the action of a principal investigator in controlling publication by a subordinate -- even if, as Dr. Wahba asserts, Dr. Ochoa's interest was to have his name included.*fn8 Finally, there is much less possibility of harm to a § 221(d)(3) project by prohibiting eviction because a tenant has engaged in "associational activities" for the benefit of tenants, than in loading a basic research program with the full panoply of First Amendment and Fifth Amendment due process rights. McQueen, whether we ultimately follow it or not, thus does not dictate reversal here.
We mention a final point, only to avoid any suggestion that we have implicitly ruled upon it. Unlike the plaintiff in McQueen who somehow was allowed to spin a violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 relating to action under color of state law, and consequent jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1343(3), out of federal involvement, a mystery not discussed by the court,*fn9 Dr. Wahba has forthrightly placed his case under the principle of Bivens v. Six Unknown Federal Narcotics Agents, 403 U.S. 388, 29 L. Ed. 2d 619, 91 S. Ct. 1999 (1971), with jurisdiction resting on the general federal question section, 28 U.S.C. § 1331. Although the Bivens Court did not rule out the possibility of private damages actions for violation of other constitutional rights by federal officers, the decision was limited to violations of the Fourth Amendment. Mr. Justice Harlan, concurring, was at pains to note that "the experience of judges in dealing with private trespass and false imprisonment claims supports the conclusion that courts of law are capable of making the types of judgment concerning causation and magnitude of injury necessary to accord meaningful compensation for invasion of Fourth Amendment rights," whereas this "may not be true with respect to other types of constitutionally protected interests, and therefore the appropriateness of money damages may well vary with the nature of the personal interest asserted," 403 U.S. at 409 and n. 9. We need say only that we regard the question as open.
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Racing Prospect!! This is a big filly by Diamond (Mr. Prospector) out of Aly Performer (Alyone) we have all xrays available for viewing. Her dam ran…$5,000
This is a beautiful straight filly by ordained (pulpit) out of kiss and fly by desert worrior. Dam ran out a $245,000. She ran 40 plus races and retired…$10,000
Beautiful 1/2 shire, 1/2 arabian filly. Super flashy, jet black with 4 high whites and a blaze! This filly is sure to get you noticed! She should mature…$4,500


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text:
Friday, July 13, 2012
NYPD Cops shot at in Brooklyn - Cops OK but NINE NYPD COPS HAVE BEEN SHOT SO FAR THIS YEAR
Two plainclothes officers patrolling in Brooklyn came under fire early this morning when a gun-toting thug started blasting at them – just 90 minutes after police arrested another armed punk in front of the same housing project, cops said.
The officers rushed to Mill Street near Columbia Street in Red Hook shortly before 1 a.m. to investigate reports of an armed man, cops said.
When police officers Michael Walsh and Angelo Pizzarro arrived they spotted a hooded man with a handgun tucked into his waistband walking toward Kennedy Fried Chicken near Mill and Hicks Street, cops added. The gun recovered today.
The suspect – later identified as Bobby Boomer, 20 – fled once he spotted the cops, who pursued him into the Red Hook East housing project.
During the foot chase, Boomer turned and squeezed off one round, police said.
The bullet missed its mark and neither cop was wounded.
The bandit ditched his .45 Smith and Wesson semi-automatic handgun inside the doorway of 21 Mill Street, ran up to the roof, then scampered to the roof of adjoining 15 Mill Street, a connecting part of the development, cops said.
Boomer then ducked into a sixth-floor apartment and hid under the bed, which is where he was cornered and arrested by officers from the NYPD Emergency Services Unit.
Pizzarro is a seven-year veteran and Walsh has been on the force five years.
Cops also recovered Boomer's gun, which they said had been reported stolen in Georgia.
Law-enforcement sources said Boomer belongs to the Mad Dog Crew, a gang that has been terrorizing Red Hook residents. He was busted in 2009 for pot possession and is on probation in Pennsylvania for a drug sale, the sources added. Boomer has been charged with attempted murder of a police officer, criminal possession of a stolen weapon, and criminal trespass.
"Fortunately, our police officers escaped injury this time," said NYPD Commissioner Ray Kelly. "They continue to risk their lives to protect New Yorkers in some of the city's poorest neighborhoods, confronting suspects, all too many armed with illegal handguns."
About 90 minutes before Boomer shot at the cops chasing him, two other police officers watched Stanley Dorcius, 22, show a handgun to a group of men drinking beer in front of 21 Mill Street, cops said. The two cops called for backup and arrested Dorcius, who ran, punched, and kicked the four arresting officers.
Dorcius was charged with criminal possession of a weapon – a defaced, fully loaded 45-caliber semi-automatic, criminal possession of 13 bags of marijuana, and resisting arrest.
On July 5, a gunman opened fire at Officer Brian Groves as he did a floor-by-floor sweep of a 23-story building within a Lower East Side housing project on Essex Street in Manhattan.
Groves was hit in the chest but was saved by his bulletproof vest.
The gunman remains on the lam, but today detectives canvassed all 179 apartments in the building where Groves was shot. A reward of $22,000 is offered for the arrest and conviction of Grove's shooter.
Nine police officers, including Groves, have been shot in the line of duty this year; all have survived.
17 comments:
This is what happens when you disband housing police. Happens all over..
Sangamon County
and on and on.
Pen these apes up in hirises and let them kill each other and predicate on the poor living there. Then go there on a "whim" job not knowing what you are walking into and there you have it. I know a few old housing cops and a few old housing security people. Insane wildmen but they kept shit in order.
Ah the decline of the Western Civilization.
- July 14, 2012 at 12:33 AM
Why the fuck do east coast Italians look like fucking Puerto Ricans?
-Officer Bunker
- July 14, 2012 at 1:05 AM
To 1:05
Italians are a row-boat ride from Africa. Look at a map!
- July 14, 2012 at 1:31 AM
hers food for thought http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzJbpA8_wl4&feature=related
someone forward this to Mc Carthy
- July 14, 2012 at 3:06 AM
- I Voted For Obama said...
Bobby Boomer voted for Obama.
- July 14, 2012 at 8:31 AM
"Italians are a row-boat ride from Africa."
But Africans don't have the technical knowledge to produce a row boat and they can't swim. So Italy might as well be a million miles away.
Plus I am pretty sure Puerto Rico is not in Italy.
- July 14, 2012 at 8:39 AM
Anonymous said...
To 1:05
Italians are a row-boat ride from Africa. Look at a map!
July 14, 2012 1:31 AM
true what about the italian "rat" fop unit rep that gets cr numbers on other coppers? How can he even be a union rep??
- July 14, 2012 at 9:03 AM
Sounds like the need Garry McBeer Nuts back.
- July 14, 2012 at 9:04 AM
Puerto Ricans have more causcasian DNA than most Southern Italians.
- July 14, 2012 at 9:12 AM
Fucking Eyetalians look just like Niggers, dark skin, kinky pubic hair on top of head
- July 14, 2012 at 11:05 AM
There is only one way to stop these subhuman psychos, "hunt them down and kill them, before they kill more innocent people." - CPD Robbery Detective, 1980's
- July 14, 2012 at 12:01 PM
Anonymous said...
There is only one way to stop these subhuman psychos, "hunt them down and kill them, before they kill more innocent people." - CPD Robbery Detective, 1980's
July 14, 2012 12:01 PM
And to those that dont think THIS is the mindset you NEED...Put your button on the desk and go the fuck home.
- July 14, 2012 at 1:23 PM
Great job guys,too bad you didnt have time to light up his ass! Been in that situation when on CPD. No one can monday morning QB on this. Good luck stay safe and back each other up !
- July 14, 2012 at 2:41 PM
Pepper spray or tazzer these apes before trying to cuff them, Cuffs behind the back everytime, and if you think they might run the ole "Hand to ankel" works very good to keep the chimps for gettin away!
- July 14, 2012 at 3:28 PM
History tells us that back in the day...way back...the Moors (Africans) invaded Italy and fucked all the women. Thus we have dark skinned, brown eyed, black hair Italians today. Just a fact folks.
- July 14, 2012 at 8:52 PM
"the Moors (Africans) invaded Italy and fucked all the women"
It was the "Moops".
- July 15, 2012 at 1:13 AM
History tells us that back in the day...way back...the Moors (Africans) invaded Italy and fucked all the women. Thus we have dark skinned, brown eyed, black hair Italians today. Just a fact folks.
July 14, 2012 8:52 PM
The Moors weren't Black that is fallacy created by niggers, much like the new claim that they "built America."
- July 18, 2012 at 11:32 PM


text:
The 30 meter long full aluminium yacht with beautiful round bilged hull, is designed by Guido de Groot Design. Ginton Naval Architects was in charge of the naval architecture. The 6.90 meter wide yacht has a fuel capacity of 17,000 litres, providing a transatlantic range of 4,500 nm at a speed of ten knots. The yacht is built in accordance with RINA-Classification.
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The tender can be stored either on the swimming platform or on the flybridge. Additionally, the flybridge is equipped with deck chairs, two roomy U-shaped sofas and a wetbar with grill, icemaker and refrigerator.
Build & Design
- Builder:Mulder
- Naval Architect:Ginton Naval Architects
- Exterior Designer:Guido De Groot
- Interior Designer:Guido De Groot
- Name:A2
- Yacht Type:Motor Yacht
- Yacht Subtype:Semi-displacement
- Length Overall:30.0m (98' 5")
- Beam:6.9m (22' 7")
- Max Draught:1.9m (6' 2")
- Displacement Tonnage:110.00
- Builder:Mulder
- Year of Build:2014
- Hull Number:1491
- Hull Type:Semi Displacement
- Number of Decks:2
Performance & Capacities
- Max Speed:22.00kn
- Cruising Speed:18.00kn
- Range (nm):3300.00nm @ 9.00kn
- Fuel Capacity:17000.00L / 4490.93USG
- Water Capacity:3000.00L / 792.52USG
- Make:Caterpillar
- Model:C-32
- Type:Diesel
- Quantity:2
- Total Power:3370.00hp
- Hull:Aluminium
- Superstructure:Aluminium
- Deck:Teak
- Guests:8
- Passenger Rooms:4
- Master Rooms:1
- VIP Rooms:1
- Twin Rooms:2
- Classification:RI
**Approximate price conversion.
Contact the broker for more information
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Sterling Silver and 18K Gold Hammered Roberto Coin "Martellato" Bangle Bracelet Set
Have questions? Or looking for something specific?
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Is Riverwalk House incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
Contact details
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Hotfrog Ireland provides information regarding Riverwalk House in Oughterard Galway. Riverwalk House is located at Riverside, Oughterard Galway and provides ireland services. Contact them on (091) 552 788 or by visiting them on their website http://www.riverwalkhouse.com.
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text:
ERIC Number: ED370146
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1993-Dec
Pages: 13
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: N/A
Caught in the Net: Notes from the Electronic Underground.
Readings, Bill
Framed by the rising costs of traditional scholarly publishing and the increasing restrictions on library budgets, the turn to electronic publishing seems to be the way of the future, according to the publisher of an electronic journal, "Surfaces." Costs and delays of production and distribution are massively reduced. The electronic journal offers better value in terms of the quantity of information produced, the speed of its production, and the geographical range of its distribution. Financial and technical problems remain--massively reduced production costs cannot be recouped from readers in the form of subscriptions, and the ASCII text format used by electronic journals makes the articles look like draft typescript. However, articles can be slipped into an ASCII set envelope and slipped through the system where they come out as fully formatted and complete with diacritical marks, footnotes, and diagrams. The impact of this technology may undermine, or at least restructure, the nature of academic publication, or what counts as a real scholarly article. The vortex of information available confirms a more widespread contemporary cultural process: the decline of the general reader. Two challenges arise: (1) scholars have to face more directly than ever before the question of the grounds upon which publication can be refused; and (2) the question of what publication means is open. The increased quantity, speed, and distribution that electronic publishing brings will not prosthetically improve existing practices; it promises to significantly alter the basis on which the system functions. (Contains five notes.) (RS)
Publication Type: Speeches/Meeting Papers; Opinion Papers
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers: Computer Assisted Publishing; Electronic Text; Technological Perspective
Note: Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Modern Language Association (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, December 27-30, 1993).


text:
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By Jennifer
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And if you put one in the oven at the lowest possible temperature, your entire house will smell heavenly.
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text:
Please remember to put limits on orders given during economic releases.
The opening bell tolls and a new week in Minyanville has sprung from the gate. The initial trade is to the south side, Johnny, as the drab dollar and softer European bourses weigh on stateside equities. The financials in general (and brokers in particular) opened heavy, while biotech, oil service and semicaps trade firm. It's N's over S's, Minyans, but it's also uber-early. Stay sharp.
Heads up on the 10 a.m. economic numbers. Consumer confidence is expected to come in at 84.7, New Home Sales at 985,000 and Existing Home Sales at 5.7 million.
I'm gonna hop so this posts before Beeks paints the tape. I'll be back in a bit with some additional market thoughts.
Good luck!
Todd Harrison is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Minyanville. Prior to his current role, Mr. Harrison was President and head trader at a $400 million dollar New York-based hedge fund. Todd welcomes your comments and/or feedback at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The information on this website solely reflects the analysis of or opinion about the performance of securities and financial markets by the writers whose articles appear on the site. The views expressed by the writers are not necessarily the views of Minyanville Media, Inc. or members of its management. Nothing contained on the website is intended to constitute a recommendation or advice addressed to an individual investor or category of investors to purchase, sell or hold any security, or to take any action with respect to the prospective movement of the securities markets or to solicit the purchase or sale of any security. Any investment decisions must be made by the reader either individually or in consultation with his or her investment professional. Minyanville writers and staff may trade or hold positions in securities that are discussed in articles appearing on the website. Writers of articles are required to disclose whether they have a position in any stock or fund discussed in an article, but are not permitted to disclose the size or direction of the position. Nothing on this website is intended to solicit business of any kind for a writer's business or fund. Minyanville management and staff as well as contributing writers will not respond to emails or other communications requesting investment advice.
Copyright 2011 Minyanville Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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text:
Marlowe Vases - Burgundy & Oche
- Overview
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- Large Ochre: 12" diameter, 16" high
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- Top: 6.25" diameter
- Large: 12" diameter, 16" high
- Top: 6" diameter
- Hand wash.
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This is a general shipping item.
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- Special-order items (including made-to-order upholstery and custom order rugs)
- Final Sale items (identified by a price ending in $.X7 or $.X9)
- Items damaged through normal wear and tear.
Questions? See our full Return Policy.


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Submit News
Pittsburgh Researchers Study Memory Formation Through Neural Networks
Tiffany Kaiser
May 31, 2011 12:21 PM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
Pittsburgh model showing individual brain cells in blue, adhesive proteins in green, and interconnections in red
(Source: University of Pittsburgh)
Observing neural processes in real time helps scientists better understand memory formation
Researchers from the
University of Pittsburgh
have created models that replicate the brain's complex electrical impulses in order to better understand neuron activity.
Many scientists are working to accomplish models that portray the billions of connections between neurons in the brain. For instance, researchers from the University College London have begun to
map neural connections in mouse brains
while University of Southern California researchers have invented a
carbon nanotube synapse circuit
that could bring them one step closer to building a synthetic brain.
Now, Henry Zeringue, study leader and a bioengineering professor in the University of Pittsburgh's Swanson School of Engineering, along with Ashwin Vishwanathan, Pitt bioengineering doctoral student, and Guo-Qiang Bi, neurobiology professor at Pitt's School of Medicine, have created models out of living brain cells in order to get a better idea of how neurons work behind memory formation.
Previous studies and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown that memories are formed when the outer layer of the brain, called the cortex, engages in extended electrical activity after "initial stimulus." But this is a difficult process to view in real time due to the complex nature of the brain's neural networks.
"We can look at neurons as individuals, but that doesn't reveal a lot," said Zeringue. "Neurons are more connected and interdependent than any other cell in the body. Just because we know how one neuron reacts to something, a whole network can react not only differently, but sometimes in the complete opposite manner predicted."
Now, Zeringue and the Pitt research team have
created models
that allowed them to witness this process in real time. They did this by stamping adhesive proteins onto silicon discs, and allowing the proteins to culture and dry. Then, cultured hippocampus cells taken from embryonic rats were fused to the proteins, allowing them to combine and grow into a natural network. The hippocampus is a part of the brain responsible for memory formation.
Researchers then worked to create and prolong the excited state that the cortex engages in after initial stimulus to view neuron activity. To do this, they disabled the cells' inhibitory response and used an electrical pulse to excite neurons.
The results were excited groups of 40 to 60 brain cells that were prolonged to 12 seconds in neuronal time. Normally, the observation of this process last .25 seconds in neuronal time.
With this extended observation, researchers were able to see how neurons transmitted and held electrical charge, which is vital information for understanding the molecular and cellular basis of memory formation.
The team now plans to study the genetic makeup of cells and several electrical pathways between cells in an effort to understand
network stimulation and communication
This study
was published in
Lab on a Chip
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text:
Surf Beach Getaway - San Juan del Sur
From $63 / night
Description from the owner
Description from the owner
Bedrooms: 5/
Bathrooms: 6/
Sleeps: 10/
Type: House
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Travelers are sharing their opinions on this property. It has an overall rating of 5/5 thanks to an average of 3 reviews.
Costs vary, with the average weekly rate as low as $362.00, depending on travel dates.
The owner responds to 100% of inquiries and last updated the property's calendar 4 months ago, so this rental may not be available for your requested dates, but please inquire to confirm.
Proximity to TripAdvisor's Top San Juan del Sur Attractions
Proximity to TripAdvisor's Top San Juan del Sur Attractions
Reviews (0)
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Dicota Booklet Case for Blackberrry Curve Series - Black
- New - Open Box 1 Left
- Item looks and feels new Packaging may show wear
List Price $24.59
Please note: BLINQ sells products in multiple conditions (new, open box, refurbished, etc). Not all reviews are reflective of the condition that you may purchase.
No reviews found
- Features
- Dicota Booklet Case
- Color: Black
- Hard plastic base protects
- Flap ensures that your screen from scratches
- Protected openings in the base station
- Built magnet puts the phone into sleep mode saving battery time
- Description
- The hard plastic base protects the back of the phone, while the flap ensures that your screen from scratches .The protected openings in the base station will enable you to use the phone while it is still inside the case. When you close the lid, the built magnet puts the phone into sleep mode saving battery time.
- 7332752001350
- Brand
- Dicota
- Model
- Part
May We Also Suggest
How BLINQ Works
- Retailer needs to move overstock, open box & refurbished inventory.
- BLINQ receives inventory and professionally inspects each item.
- Condition is determined, with only the best items passing inspection.
- Item is heavily discounted on BLINQ.com to sell quickly.


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Know Your English: difference between shiver and shake?
How is the word 'bludgeon' pronounced?
(Anjali James, Kottayam)
The first syllable rhymes with the words 'judge', 'grudge' and 'budge', and the final 'eo' sounds like the 'a' in 'china'. The word is pronounced 'BLUJ-en' with the stress on the first syllable. A bludgeon is a club or a heavy stick that can be used as a weapon. When used as a verb, the word means to repeatedly hit someone with a heavy object. It can also be used to mean to force someone into doing something.
*Several young men were seen walking around with bicycle chains and bludgeons.
*The young girl was bludgeoned to death in broad daylight.
*The students bludgeoned the teacher into putting off the test.
What is the meaning of 'He has too much headweight'?
(V.Sethuraman, Villupuram)
The word 'headweight' is used in certain parts of India to mean proud. A person with a lot of 'headweight' is someone who is arrogant and very conceited. It is common to hear people say, "Ranjit is difficult to work with. He has too much headweight". Native speakers do not use the word in this sense.
What is the meaning and origin of 'on the house'?
(Dinesh Kumar, Pune)
If the owner of a restaurant offers you a basket of bread rolls 'on the house', it means you are getting it at the expense of the establishment. It is being given to you free of charge; in everyday contexts, we would call it a 'freebie'.
*The restaurant owner gave us a bowl of soup on the house.
The 'house' in the expression refers to a pub or an inn. In the old days, when a customer bought three drinks, it was standard practice for an owner to provide the next one free of charge. The fourth drink was on the house, at the expense of the establishment. With the passage of time, the expression began to be used to refer to anything that was being given away free — not just drinks!
Why do people in the audience say 'hear, hear'?
(Javed, Hyderabad)
When a speaker says something, and a member of the audience responds by shouting 'hear hear', what he means is that he strongly agrees with what the speaker has said. The expression is frequently heard in Parliament. I understand the original expression was 'hear, all ye good people, hear what this brilliant and eloquent speaker has to say'. In the 17th century, in the House of Commons, this long expression was reduced to 'hear him, hear him'. With the passage of time, 'hear him, hear him' was further reduced to 'hear, hear'.
What is the difference between shiver and shake?
(Vrinda Patil, Bangalore)
'Shake' is the more common word. Animals and human beings 'shiver' when they are cold or afraid of something. The act of shivering is usually involuntary and suggests that the person/animal is in some sort of discomfort. Objects like trees, chairs and doors cannot and do not shiver, but they can be shaken. Unlike 'shiver', shaking can be either voluntary or involuntary. You can shake your head to show that you agree with what someone has said. You can shake someone for a few seconds in order to wake him up. When the wind blows, the branches 'shake', they do not 'shiver'.
"When my kids become wild and unruly, I use a nice, safe playpen. When they are finished, I climb out." —
Erma Bombeck


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Pearson makes history at UM
Campaigning was challenging and winning the election was rewarding, but making history in the process is mind-boggling for Courtney Roxanne Pearson, who recently became the University of Mississippi's first African-American homecoming queen.
The 21-year-old senior English secondary education major from Memphis won the title in a run-off during annual campus personality elections.
Pearson will be crowned Oct. 13 during halftime ceremonies when Ole Miss faces Auburn University in Vaught-Hemingway Stadium.
Read more
Latest News
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Local History: The Cotton Picker and the Exodus This week continues a...
Jerry Gentry to be honored The life and legacy of...
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|Page (1) of 1 - 01/29/13
|email article
|print page
In today's top five headlines, Ben & Jerry's is set to release a 30 Rock flavored ice cream, George Clooney pays for a stranger's dinner, Taylor Swift signs up to endorse Diet Coke, and much more from Hollywood!
|Video: Taylor Swift's Amazing Trip to Europe, 30 Rock Flavored Ice Cream, Clooney Pays For Dinner, and More!
Source:GrabNetworks (c). All Rights Reserved


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Contact details
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Hotfrog Canada provides information regarding Michael Zhang - TD Financial Planner in North York ON. Michael Zhang - TD Financial Planner is located at 312 Sheppard Ave East, North York ON M2N 3B4 and provides Financial Planners services. Contact them on 4167331014.
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TOMS RIVER - On a regular day, Toms River dispatch says it takes in 250 calls for service.
But in the first 24 hours as Sandy made landfall, that number shot to 1,300 calls for help from frantic residents.
Toms River police shared the 911 tapes with News 12 New Jersey. In them, frightened residents are heard begging for help as floodwaters rose in their homes.
Toms River police had to rely on boats and Jet Skis to rescue people from houses along the Bay as the waters rose.
In all, police say they ended up rescuing close to 400 residents, many from areas that were not under mandatory evacuations.


text: Buy & Sell Listing - Want to SellSelling Trade Sony NEX 5n with kit 18-55 and other goodies Prices 525 Location USA Ships to CONUS Description I have a very clean Sony NEX5n. There is a film over the display. It comes with a box and a 18-55 kit lens and all the paperwork and the little flash. It also comes with a second genuine Sony Battery. It also comes with two adapters: Sony to Nikon F, and Sony to Konica AF. And two additional lenses: Konica AR 50/1.7 and Konica AR 135/3.2. I would like to sell it as a package for $525 OBO. In alternative I would like to trade it for something, since I am not planning to invest more in Sony NEX gear. I already have Nikon, Fuji X and m43 and it is too much. Some things might be interested in Fuji 55-200 lens Fuji EF42 flash+cash Panasonic 17/1.8 lens - Black+cash Nikon 180/2.8 AF-D lens+cash Nikon 50mm 1.2 Ai-S lens+cash Or let me know what you have. Payment accepted Regular PayPal (fee included in price) Shipping method USPS Priority Mail Shipping charge - Handling time - References - Additional comments Open to trade offers Open to reasonable offers below asking price Buyer must have a PayPal confirmed address Acknowledgement I have read and agree to the Buy and Sell rules.