text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 7, 1995
|Filing date
|Jun 3, 1994
|Priority date
|Jun 3, 1994
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Steve Bilodeau, Frank Jacovino, Joanne Cameron, James Cain
|Original Assignee
|Robotic Vision Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (143), Classifications (26), Legal Events (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
As semiconductor chips increase in complexity, the need arises for an increased number of inputs and outputs. The result has been the development of new semiconductor packages such as the ball grid array (bga), the column grid array (cga) and similar structures which have large numbers of contacts.
There is a need for reliable, robust connections between each chip contact and the corresponding pad on the printed circuit board to which it is attached. Direct visual inspection of soldered contacts is impossible after assembly because the contacts are sandwiched between the board and the chip. Even if a defect is detected by such means as x-ray imaging, chip removal from a printed wire board is difficult and removed chips are not generally reusable.
Consider an individual chip with multiple leads which takes the form of an array of solder balls as shown in FIG. 1. Generally, if this chip is placed on a flat surface, such as a printed wiring board (PWB), only three balls will make contact with the board (three points define a plane). The particular three balls in contact depend on the chip mass distribution, the individual ball heights, and other parameters. Other balls may contact or nearly contact the PWB surface depending on chip tolerances in the size of the balls and flatness of the chip among other things. The closer to the surface all the balls are, the more reliable the interconnection of all the leads once the solder has been reflowed. The separation between the ball tips and the flat surface is referred to as coplanarity. The magnitude of the coplanarity parameter is a predictor of how well chip leads can be accurately and reliably soldered to their corresponding pads on a printed circuit board and as a diagnostic for determining when the elements of the package fabrication process are going out of control.
Coplanarity is generally measured optically since mechanical measurements can not be made with the necessary speed and accuracy. Three dimensional vision techniques, which yield values of surface height as a function of surface position, are preferred for inspection or statistical process control. There are a number of potential problems associated with optical measurement of coplanarity, however. When optical techniques are applied to the measurement of bga and cga substrates, erroneous results can result. The substrate material is generally a bismaleimide triazine (BT) epoxy laminate which is partially transparent or translucent at wavelengths used by three dimensional vision equipment and reveals embedded conductive lines and surfaces within the layer. These embedded elements can be mistakenly interpreted by the three dimensional vision system as defining the surface height. Since the geometry of the embedded elements is often proprietary to the semiconductor manufacturers who created it, the vision system can not even be pretaught to disregard particular data points.
This invention provides a method and means of accurately and repeatably determining the substrate coplanarity contribution. The invention is intended primarily for use with 3-dimensional (3-D) optical vision systems. The invention involves the use of an array of opaque index pads whose top surfaces provide a good measure of the surface height of the pads to which the bga balls or cga column grids are bonded.
The object of this invention is to provide a practical and reliable means of determining the coplanarity of a bga, cga, or similar chip substrate. A further object of the invention is to provide a means of monitoring contributions to coplanarity from both substrate and ball (column).
FIG. 1a shows plan view of an idealized 3�3 ball grid array.
FIG. 1b shows a front view of the grid array in FIG. 1a.
FIG. 2 shows a front view of a bga resting on a seating plane.
FIG. 3 shows the front view of a bga with a warped substrate.
FIG. 4 shows the principal elements of a three dimensional vision system.
FIG. 5 shows a side view of a translucent or transparent bga substrate with embedded conductive lines and surfaces.
FIG. 6 shows a front view of an idealized bga and defines restrictions placed on index pad height.
FIGS. 7a-7c show front views of idealized bgas with several variants of index pad height variation with distance.
FIG. 8 shows a plan view of a bga with index pads selected from the totality of signal pads.
FIG. 9 shows a plan view of a bga with index pads created in addition to signal pads.
FIG. 10 shows a plan view of a bga with a pattern of index pads.
FIG. 11 shows a plan view of a bga with index pads dispersed interstitially.
FIG. 12 shows a plan view of an array of laser spot images segmented into a plurality of elements.
FIG. 13 shows a projection onto an x-y plane of z-heights.
FIG. 14 shows an isometric view of z-heights.
FIG. 1 schematically shows top and side views of a hypothetical 3�3 ball grid array (bga). It is understood that ball grid array Integrate Circuit Packages generally have more solder ball contacts than indicated here with more than 700 being reported for particular chips in the technical literature and that they need not be oriented in a square matrix. The simplified diagram shown will serve to illustrate the principles. Furthermore, the same principles of the invention apply to column grid arrays (cga), in which solder columns are substituted for the solder balls shown. Also, the invention applies to any similar structure using a regular geometrical solid solder form and arranged in an array format. That said, the invention will be described in terms of bga's with application to the other structures being an obvious extension.
In one form of bga, the substrate (1) comprises a BT epoxy laminate containing a number of copper-foil pads (2) which are connected to an integrated circuit chip by through hole vias and gold wire bonds (not shown). Solder balls (3) are adhered to the pads (2) by heating until a bond is formed. The balls retain their near-spherical shape during this operation. The bga is surface mounted to a printed circuit board by accurately placing the chip on metal pads connected to conductors on the board and heating until the solder can wet the contacts making a solid bond between the bga and the contacts.
A hypothetical surface (4) is constructed from which the coplanarity, defined as the distance from the tip of the ball to the reference surface, of each of the balls is measured. The simplest surface to develop is a plane but more general surfaces, such as parabolic, elliptical, and other higher order surfaces, can be used. While there are many techniques for determining the location of this surface, one that is commonly used is a least mean square regression analysis. This analysis yields a best fit surface to the height of the tips of the balls. This method yields a surface in which some of the balls (6) lie above and others (5) lie below it. The advantage of using non-planar surface fits is to better describe the surface for use with process control efforts that will attempt to correct deviations from a planar surface.
A second method for defining coplanarity is to be contrasted to the least mean squares method (LMS) just described. This is the seating plane method and yields a surface with all the balls lying on one side of the surface (that is, the coplanarity of all the balls has the same algebraic sign).
In the seating plane method as shown in FIG. 2, the bga is oriented with the balls (7) resting on a reference surface (8), the seating plane. The bga rests on the three or more balls which define a plane. The coplanarity of each ball, using this method, is the distance from the tip of the ball to the seating plane. A complication to the seating plane method concerns stability. The seating plane is stable if the center of mass of the bga is contained within a closed polygon formed with the three or more lowest lying balls as vertices. If the center of mass lies along one of the sides of the polygon or at a vertex, there are two or more stable seating planes and the chip is referred to as a "rocker". In this case the coplanarity can not be uniquely determined.
FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a bga chip with the reference plane determined using the seating plane method. The third point used to determine the seating plane is not visible in this view. The maximum coplanarity, in this example, is at location (9). The coplanarity as a function of position or ball number could be fitted to a best fit surface (plane or higher order curve). The resultant parameters describing this surface can be used to monitor and/or control the process. For example, suppose that the coplanarity as a function of position is fitted to the surface,
z=ax2 +by2 +c.
Then, the process may be considered under control as long as the a and b coefficients remain smaller than predetermined values.
A preferred method of measuring the coplanarity of a ball or other object uses three dimensional (3-D) machine vision to determine the height of the object at a given coordinate location. FIG. 4 shows the essential elements of the method. A light source (14) is positioned to illuminate the object (10) at a specific x,y position. The illumination beam is arranged so that it forms a focused spot at the point of impingement on the object (10). The source optics (not shown) are designed to have a sufficient depth of focus so that the size of the light spot at the point of impingement varies inconsequentially within the specified variation of object heights.
The spot is imaged with optics (11) onto an image plane containing a light sensor (12). The sensor is selected for its ability to determine the spot image location on its surface. Such sensors are well known in the art with two examples being charge coupled devices (CCD's) and position sensitive devices (PSD's). Both types are readily available. The image location can be accurately determined with either type of sensor. It is well known that the image location is related, using standard optics, to the location of the light spot on the sample which, in turn, can be used to determine image height. Calibrated processing electronics (13) are used to calculate the height of the object and store the object height with its associated x,y location. By scanning the light source (14) and imaging device consisting of (11) and (12) as a unit, over the entire x-y extent of the object and recording image height at each location, the entire surface can be mapped. Further description of three dimensional machine vision equipment and methods is given in U.S. Pat. No. 5,028,799. Other height measuring techniques, such as laser scanning microscopes and shadow moire, can also be used to calculate height at various locations on the surface. Shadow moire is described in C.-P. Yeh et al.
While the principles of measuring coplanarity are well understood, a number of problems associated with the substrate properties may cause difficulty in making the measurement. Several examples are shown in FIG. 5. The substrate (17) may be translucent or partially transparent so that the spot image from the beam (16) is not localized at the substrate surface but distributed through the volume, thus violating one of the measurement conditions. If the substrate is partially transparent and contains embedded conductors (15), conductive planes (16), or other opaque features, the light spot may be formed at the location of such a feature and interpreted by the vision equipment (18) as the height of the substrate at that particular location.
The invention provides a means of reliably and accurately measuring the coplanarity of the substrate and providing a process control means for monitoring substrate quality. The means can be used for process control at the substrate fabrication output station. It can also be placed at the finished part inspection location to inspect the completely assembled bga and still provide necessary control data to monitor substrate quality.
The invention consists of providing fiducial regions at a plurality of locations at or near the bga substrate surface which can be used to accurately determine substrate coplanarity using three dimensional (3-D) machine vision. The fiducial regions permit the 3-D vision equipment to determine unambiguously the substrate surface height in a region localized about the fiducial mark.
The fiducial regions, hereafter referred to as index pads, are designed to have sufficient surface area to be easily detected by the vision equipment. The pads to which the bga balls are soldered will be referred to as signal pads. The index pads are preferably opaque to the incident light so that, referring to FIG. 4, the spot formed by the focused beam from the light source (14) can be easily detected by the optical sensor (12).
The surface of the signal and index pads need not coincide precisely with substrate surface. The surface of the index pads must be positioned relative to the surface of the bga balls in such a way as to avoid causing an interference when the balls are adhered to a printed wiring board. That is, the height, h1, of the index pad (19) in FIG. 6 must be less than the height, h2, of the smallest ball (20). Note that the height, h2, should be taken as the ball height measured after the ball is adhered to a printed wiring board.
A further restriction is placed on the index pad height should the coplanarity be measured at final inspection rather than during in-process inspection. The vision system has a specified height range which it can accommodate, defined as the z-range. This range places a restriction on the maximum extent of h2 -h1 which can be measured and hence a restriction on h1.
In practice, the index pads may be found to be of constant height, uniformly varying height, or of predetermined known height as shown in examples in FIG. 7. FIG. 7a shows index pads (22) of nominal constant height below a reference plane. The signal pads would also be of constant height by virtue of the fabrication process. FIG. 7b shows index pads whose height varies linearly as a function of position relative to a reference plane. Note, moreover, that the tips of the index pads still lie in a plane. This might arise as a result of misalignment during the process of embedding the pads in the epoxy substrate. The height of the signal pads, being closely correlated with index pad height, would also be expected to lie in a plane parallel to the plane formed by the index pads. In FIG. 7c, the index pad heights vary in a known fashion over the surface by predesign or as determined by studying and/or analyzing the process of fabricating the substrate. These systematic variations may arise from the peculiarities of the particular fabrication process. In this case there may be a position dependent correction factor that can be applied to the index pad heights to determine the corresponding signal pad heights.
The most important parameter to control, for successful bonding of the bga to the printed wiring board, is the coplanarity of the bga balls. Because the balls are attached to signal pads, it is only important, in determining coplanarity, to know the substrate height at the signal pad locations rather than at general points on the surface.
There must be a close correlation-between the heights of the index pads and the signal pads since the objective of having the index pads is to provide a means of inferring the heights of the signal pads. This can be accomplished by properly designing the fabrication process. One means of accomplishing this is to use unused signal pads as index pads. A second means is to construct index pads by plating additional material on existing signal pads using photoresist masking techniques to avoid plating signal pads which are not dedicated to indexing. In this case, the reference plane, (21), in FIG. 6 would be the plane in which the signal pads reside.
There are innumerable ways of creating and disposing the index pads over the substrate only several of which will be detailed here. However, other embodiments which generally follow the concepts outlined here are considered to be covered by this disclosure.
Three approaches serve to illustrate the method. In the first two cases, the index pads are selected from the totality of pad on the substrate. In third case, the index pads are fabricated separately from the signal pads. In case one, the index pads are selected from the total number of available pads and dedicated for measurement purposes. That is, they are empty signal pads. They are distributed over the substrate surface so that their height provides a measure of the variations in signal pad coplanarity. FIG. 8 provides an example of this case. The darkened circles (23) represent the index pads.
In case two (no figure shown), the index pads are again selected from the total available pads and may include all the pads. however, they do not have a dedicated usage. Rather, their surface height is measured prior to addition of the bga balls. Once the height is measured and analyzed for inspection purposes, any or all of the index pads may be used as interconnection (signal) pads. An advantage of this embodiment is that it provides a large number of index pads by which to determine the coplanarity and still permits all pads to be used for interconnection purposes.
In case three, the index pads are created separately from the signal pads. They may be formed in a separate process cycle, be disposed geometrically over the surface independently of the signal pads, and have a different geometrical shape. As mentioned earlier, however, the process for fabricating the index pads should be tightly correlated with the process for fabricating the signal pads so that the height of the latter is representative of the former. FIG. 9 shows one embodiment of this case. The darkened circles (24) represent the index pads. Note that it is an advantage to use separately formed index pads if 3-D sensor z-range is likely to be a problem since the height of the index pad may be chosen to satisfy z-range constraints of the 3-D sensor.
The layout of the index pads must allow the height of the signal pads over the entire surface to be accurately estimated. Index pads should be disposed in those areas where signal pad height variations are thought to be most likely as well as locations which yield a coplanarity representative of large portions of the substrate. For instance, in one bga process, the epoxy substrate is laminated with a plastic molding compound on the surface opposite the balls. This process tends to warp the substrate edges making the coplanarity along the edges unrepresentative of the coplanarity of the rest of the area. In this instance, the index pads should be disposed along the edges to measure the warpage. Index pads should also be located at inner regions of the substrate to properly measure coplanarity there. FIG. 10 shows a representative layout of index pads (black circles, 25) with pads being positioned along the edges as well as at representative locations within the array of balls. In this example, empty signal pads are used as index pads. Alternately, index pads fabricated independently from the signal pads could have been used, increasing the number of signal pads available for interconnection. Also, the index pads (black circles, 26) could be disposed in the interstices between the signal pads to conserve area as shown in FIG. 11. It should be clear that these examples illustrate just several of many possible patterns which could have been used.
Index pad height and separation from surrounding signal pads must be carefully controlled to avoid electrically shorting the interconnections. This can be accomplished by careful mechanical design and fabrication. Alternately, the index pads may be produced using opaque, nonconductive material or an opaque, composite structure consisting of a conductor with a nonconductive surface layer. In either case, the index pad height must be closely correlated to the signal pad height.
Ideally, the index pads should be arranged to maximize the speed of inspection and minimize that amount of data that must be collected to achieve a given level of accuracy. For the instances mentioned in the paragraph above, the index pads should be uniformly distributed throughout the array with the remainder disposed along the surface to sample possible substrate warpage.
It is desirable that each index pad extend over a number of x,y resolution elements to improve the measurement accuracy by providing a number of laser spot samples in the same localized region. With reference to FIG. 12, a resolution element (27) is the area containing a single illuminated laser spot (28). The size of the element depends on the two dimensional spot pitch. While a rectangular element shape is shown in the figure, other shapes may be used. For accurate estimates of the index pad height, there should be in excess of four samples per index pad.
The pad height may be determined by a number of techniques including: averaging of the heights determined from each laser spot element over the extent of the index pad surface, fitting the heights measured on an index pad to a plane, and fitting the height measured on an index pad to a more general surface.
The appropriate method of determining the height of an individual pad depends on pad size, material and other pad characteristics.
Actual results of coplanarity determination of a bga substrate are shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. FIG. 13 is a projection of the substrate surface onto the x-y plane with each height interval being coded with a different half-tone shade. FIG. 14 shows an isometric view of the substrate. The substrate is one component of a 503 ball bga. Superimposed on the surface plot in FIG. 13 is a two dimensional gird with letters designating the rows (Y direction) and numbers (X direction) designating the columns.
The index pads are located on the substrate at the intersection of the row and column grid lines. For example, the substrate has index pads whose centers lie at A1, C3, C5, E13, etc. The index pads are restricted to the region bounded by the outer periphery and the inner periphery defined by the square with vertices at G5, G23, AE23, and AE5. An additional set of pads is located in the region bounded by L9, L19, AA19, and AA9. A legend shows the height encoding. It is observed that the majority of pads have a height between 0 and 0.50 mils. The height is sampled only at pad locations by properly adjusting the laser pitch and sampling spaces. Because of the sampling technique used, the interpad height variations do not appear in the figure.
The region, (29) which is a darker gray than the region, (30), containing the bga balls, contains a limited number of index pads. This region forms a plateau whose height is 1.50 to 2.00 mils above the coplanarity reference plane.
The coplanarity reference plane from which z-height measurements are made, was obtained by using the (x,y,z) numerical data from each pad. Each pad was sampled in several locations to determine its average z height. These values were then used in a least mean squares regression analysis to determine a plane. The plane was offset in the z direction to aid in obtaining a plot of the coplanarity that was everywhere positive. For the most part, the pads form a surface whose height variation is less than 0.5 mils.
Notice that the coplanarity shows a curl along the outer edges, (31), (dark gray shade) and at isolated regions, (32), on the substrate. The size and extent of the curl can be used to monitor the substrate fabrication process.
|Cited Patent
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|Title not available
|Cammarano et al "Optical Testing of Solder Pads" IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 21, No. 7, Dec. 1978, pp. 2914-29-15.
|Cammarano et al Optical Testing of Solder Pads IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 21, No. 7, Dec. 1978, pp. 2914 29 15.
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|Method and apparatus for evaluating integrated circuit packages having three dimensional features
|Mar 22, 2001
|Jul 18, 2006
|Solvision Inc.
|System for simultaneous projections of multiple phase-shifted patterns for the three-dimensional inspection of an object
|Feb 28, 2005
|Jul 18, 2006
|Scanner Technologies Corporation
|Electronic component products made according to a process that includes a method for three dimensional inspection
|Feb 28, 2005
|Aug 1, 2006
|Scanner Technologies Corporation
|Method of manufacturing electronic components including a method for three dimensional inspection
|Jul 30, 2004
|Nov 28, 2006
|Ppt Vision
|Method and apparatus for adjusting illumination angle
|Jul 8, 1999
|Apr 8, 2008
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Tray flipper and method for parts inspection
|Mar 24, 2006
|Jul 8, 2008
|Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd.
|Method for verifying scan precision of a laser measurement machine
|Jun 26, 2006
|Jul 22, 2008
|Solvision Inc.
|System for simultaneous projections of multiple phase-shifted patterns for the three-dimensional inspection of an object
|Jan 2, 2002
|Sep 9, 2008
|Icos Vision Systems Nv
|Method and an apparatus for measuring positions of contact elements of an electronic component
|Feb 28, 2005
|Mar 24, 2009
|Scanner Technologies Corporation
|Electronic component products and method of manufacturing electronic component products
|Feb 26, 2007
|May 19, 2009
|Aceris 3D Inspection Inc.
|Method and system for the inspection of integrated circuit devices having leads
|Nov 9, 2005
|Jun 23, 2009
|Aceris 3D Inspection Inc.
|Method and an apparatus for simultaneous 2D and 3D optical inspection and acquisition of optical inspection data of an object
|Nov 25, 2006
|Jul 7, 2009
|Lebens Gary A
|Method and apparatus for auto-adjusting illumination
|Jul 8, 2008
|May 18, 2010
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Parts manipulation, inspection, and replacement system and method
|Mar 3, 2009
|Aug 10, 2010
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Method and apparatus for parts manipulation, inspection, and replacement
|Dec 19, 2006
|Jun 28, 2011
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for substrate imaging
|Apr 8, 2008
|Nov 15, 2011
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Tray flipper, tray, and method for parts inspection
|Sep 25, 2009
|Aug 14, 2012
|David Fishbaine
|Inspection system and method
|Nov 15, 2011
|Oct 16, 2012
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Parts manipulation, inspection, and replacement system and method
|Oct 4, 2012
|Apr 2, 2013
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Parts manipulation, inspection, and replacement
|Jan 5, 2009
|Dec 17, 2013
|Cognex Corporation
|High speed method of aligning components having a plurality of non-uniformly spaced features
|Jan 8, 2013
|Feb 4, 2014
|Lemaire Illumination Technologies, Llc
|Apparatus for L.E.D. illumination
|Aug 18, 2006
|Feb 18, 2014
|Rohm Co., Ltd.
|Semiconductor chip, method of manufacturing semiconductor chip, and semiconductor device
|Oct 8, 2013
|Sep 9, 2014
|Led Tech Development, Llc
|Apparatus and method for pulsed L.E.D. illumination
|Aug 4, 2011
|Oct 7, 2014
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method of forming a land grid array with discrete pads
|Mar 30, 2007
|Nov 11, 2014
|Generic Power Pte Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for 3-dimensional vision and inspection of ball and like protrusions of electronic components
|Oct 3, 2008
|Aug 18, 2015
|Altera Corporation
|IC package for pin counts less than test requirements
|Dec 20, 2010
|Nov 24, 2015
|Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.
|Circuit board and method for manufacturing same
|Mar 22, 2001
|Feb 14, 2002
|Solvision Inc.
|System for simultaneous projections of multiple phase-shifted patterns for the three-dimensional inspection of an object
|Jan 11, 2002
|Oct 31, 2002
|Electroglas Inc.
|Method and apparatus for generating values for selected pixels used in evaluating semiconductor wafer bumps
|Jul 11, 2002
|Feb 6, 2003
|Electrogas, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for determining the location of an alignment mark on a wafer
|Nov 2, 2001
|May 8, 2003
|Graham Ross
|Device and methods of inspecting soldered connections
|Nov 18, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Ppt Vision, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for a pulsed L.E.D. illumination source
|Mar 12, 2003
|Nov 20, 2003
|Howard Stern
|Method and system for imaging an object or pattern
|Nov 22, 2002
|May 27, 2004
|Sarathy Rajagopalan
|Flip chip electrical test yields by countering substrate die area coplanarity
|Jun 24, 2003
|Dec 30, 2004
|Amparan Alfonso Benjamin
|Detecting peripheral points of reflected radiation beam spots for topographically mapping a surface
|Jun 29, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Hackney Joshua J.
|Parts manipulation and inspection system and method
|Feb 28, 2005
|Sep 1, 2005
|Beaty Elwin M.
|Electronic component products and method of manufacturing electronic component products
|Feb 28, 2005
|Sep 1, 2005
|Beaty Elwin M.
|Electronic component products made according to a process that includes a method for three dimensional inspection
|Feb 28, 2005
|Sep 1, 2005
|Beaty Elwin M.
|Method of manufacturing electronic components including a method for three dimensional inspection
|Nov 17, 2005
|Jun 15, 2006
|Yukihiro Ikeya
|Apparatus and method for manufacturing semiconductor device
|Mar 24, 2006
|Sep 28, 2006
|Ling-Hua Que
|Method for verifying scan precision of a laser measurement machine
|Dec 19, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Batson Don T
|Method and apparatus for substrate imaging
|Nov 9, 2005
|May 10, 2007
|Bojko Vodanovic
|Method and an apparatus for simultaneous 2D and 3D optical inspection and acquisition of optical inspection data of an object
|Jun 26, 2006
|Jun 28, 2007
|Solvision Inc.
|System for simultaneous projections of multiple phase-shifted patterns for the three-dimensional inspection of an object
|Aug 29, 2006
|Mar 6, 2008
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Semiconductor ball grid array package
|Feb 26, 2007
|Aug 28, 2008
|Bojko Vodanovic
|Method and system for the inspection of integrated circuit devices having leads
|Jul 10, 2008
|Nov 6, 2008
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
|Method for forming semiconductor ball grid array package
|Jul 8, 2008
|Mar 19, 2009
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Parts manipulation, inspection, and replacement system and method
|Apr 8, 2008
|Mar 26, 2009
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Tray flipper, tray, and method for parts inspection
|Aug 18, 2006
|May 21, 2009
|Rohm Co., Ltd.
|Semiconductor chip, method of manufacturing semiconductor chip, and semiconductor device
|Mar 3, 2009
|Jul 16, 2009
|Charles A. Lemaire
|Method and apparatus for parts manipulation, inspection, and replacement
|Mar 3, 2010
|Sep 9, 2010
|David Fishbaine
|Illumination and imaging system
|Mar 29, 2007
|Dec 30, 2010
|Yong Joo Puah
|Method and apparatus for 3-dimensional vision and inspection of ball and like protrusions of electronic components
|Oct 25, 2011
|Aug 30, 2012
|Omron Corporation
|Three-dimensional shape measurement apparatus and three-dimensional shape measurement method
|Aug 4, 2011
|Feb 7, 2013
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Land grid array interconnect formed with discrete pads
|Dec 20, 2010
|May 2, 2013
|Panasonic Corporation
|Circuit board and method for manufacturing same
|Jul 15, 1998
|Nov 22, 2005
|Robotic Vision Systems, Inc.
|Inspection handler apparatus and method
|Jul 8, 1998
|Jan 1, 2008
|Ismeca Europe Semiconductor Sa
|Scanning phase measuring method and system for an object at a vision station
|Dec 2, 1997
|Jun 17, 1998
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for measuring the height of an object
|Jul 22, 1999
|Jan 26, 2000
|Shinko Electric Industries Co. Ltd.
|Chip mounting board and method of measuring it
|Sep 7, 2000
|Mar 14, 2001
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Particle detection and embedded vision system to enhance substrate yield and throughput
|Oct 27, 2011
|Aug 29, 2012
|OMRON Corporation, a corporation of Japan
|Three-dimensional shape measurement apparatus and three-dimensional shape measurement method
|Nov 7, 2006
|May 18, 2007
|Aceris 3D Inspection Inc.
|A method and an apparatus for simultaneous 2d and 3d optical inspection and acquisition of optical inspection data of an object
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 3, 1994
Owner name: ROBOTIC VISION SYSTEMS, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BILODEAU, STEVE;JACOVINO, FRANK;CAMERON, JOANNE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007056/0612
Effective date: 19940526
|Apr 1, 1998
Owner name: BANK OF NEW YORK, THE, NEW YORK
Free format text: GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST (PATENTS);ASSIGNOR:ROBOTIC VISION SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:009114/0385
Effective date: 19980318
|May 3, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 17, 2000
Owner name: ROBOTIC VISION SYSTEMS, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:THE BANK OF NEW YORK;REEL/FRAME:010731/0869
Effective date: 20000329
|May 12, 2000
Owner name: PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, NEW JERSEY
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ROBOTIC VISION SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:010804/0380
Effective date: 20000428
|May 28, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 30, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Oct 30, 2003
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 7
|Jan 6, 2004
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20031107
|Sep 21, 2006
Owner name: RVSI INSPECTION LLC, NEW YORK
Free format text: NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:ROBOTIC VISION SYSTEMS, INC., NOW KNOWN AS ACUITY CIMATRIX, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018279/0776
Effective date: 20060721
|Apr 13, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Feb 4, 2008
Owner name: RVSI INSPECTION LLC, NEW YORK
Free format text: RELEASE OF LIENS, CLAIMS ENCUMBRANCES BY COURT;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT, DISTRICT OFNEW HAMPSHIRE, CASE 04-14151, JUDGE J. MICHAEL DEASY, DOCUMENT NO. 819;REEL/FRAME:020462/0087
Effective date: 20050311
Owner name: RVSI ACQUISITIONS, LLC, NEW YORK
Free format text: RELEASE OF LIENS, CLAIMS ENCUMBRANCES BY COURT;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT, DISTRICT OFNEW HAMPSHIRE, CASE 04-14151, JUDGE J. MICHAEL DEASY, DOCUMENT NO. 819;REEL/FRAME:020462/0087
Effective date: 20050311
|Oct 14, 2008
Owner name: RUDOLPH TECHNOLOGIES, INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RVSI INSPECTION, LLC;REEL/FRAME:021669/0907
Effective date: 20080122


text:
Stackyard is an on-line farming magazine bringing news, views and comment. Links to farming related web sites worldwide - cattle associations, sheep societies, pig farms, llama and alpaca breeders, auction marts, farm machinery, property, rural estate agents.
|edited by Jennifer MacKenzie
Two fine pens of lowland lambs clinched a sparkling supreme championship and reserve championship double for the Fox farming brothers at Skipton Auction Mart's annual Christmas primestock shows and sales.
Two key companies have joined forces to promote a unique new product to dairy farmers, offering a solution to the negative energy balance often associated with high yielding cows.
John Deere's new generation of fixed chamber round balers for 2017 includes the top of the range F441R model, which made its UK show debut on the company's stand at AgriScot.
Massey Ferguson is proud to receive a Citation in the SIMA Innovation Awards for its new and unique electronic top link control system, which automatically maintains the correct working angle of mounted implements.
After five years at the helm of Newton Rigg College, Wes Johnson is to step down to take up the role of Principal of Lancaster & Morecambe College.
373,919km of England's farmland hedges have been accurately mapped to create a new digital dataset, OS Landscape Features Layer.
Understanding the implications of Brexit on UK Agriculture - A view from across the pond.
If you've just had your bundle of joy, try these stretch mark removal treatments and be dress-ready again.
Get your eu health card today, so that you're ready for anything on Holiday.
Interested in premier leauge Soccer in Europe? Why not look at football odds and betting for this season.
Before travelling to Europe again, think about European health insurance card renewal and make sure that you are still covered.
Read interesting agriculture articles at Hot Essays academic blog.
Pedigree Pen
Agricultural Show Dates 2016/17
Our calendar of UK country life and farming showcase events features county shows, country fairs, rural shows, agricultural and countryside expositions. more...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Closeouts. Ready for everything from your daily workout to jaunting around the office, Keen's PTC Everyday socks feature a lightweight design with comfortable left and right designations and the performance-rated power of merino wool.
Do you own this product? Write a review and help others with their buying decisions!Write a review
Most Helpful 5-Star Review


text:
So Surgery Numero Dos went super well. We had the anesthetics switched up this time, so I wasn't suffering massive four-day migraines post-op. Unfortunately, I do still get migraines...but ah well. I'm nothing if not good at adapting.
I've recently started physical therapy up again, and man is it a bitch. The people are fantastic and funny, but they really work my ass. And it doesn't help that my left leg is weaker going into PT than my right leg was. Probably because I cheated less this time.
Oh, and I managed to fracture my ass again. Really no idea how I've managed that twice in a row, but talk about a pain!
ANYWHO. The artbugs have been biting again, and with the MMRP starting back up you can expect more arts.
ALSO. Otakon 2014. Bitches, I will SO BE THERE. Which means I may wind up posting pics of the chaos I intend to create. One of the last MM Meetups for Otakon, so you can BET we'll go out with a bang~


text:
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text:
Computer Science
Bachelor of Science (Honours)
Bachelor of Science and Management (Honours)
|Faculty of Science
|UOIT, North Oshawa
Start dates
|Four or five years
Program load
OUAC code
Computer science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. Our program explores concepts, principles, qualitative and quantitative methods, innovative problem-solving skills, and practical applications.
General information
Computer science is the study of software, algorithms and computing. Our program explores a breadth of computing fundamentals, including data structures, graphics, information visualization, human-computer interfaces, software quality, programming, artificial intelligence, databases, data analytics, machine vision and more.
You can pursue the comprehensive program or choose the Data Science or Digital Media specialization.
Data Science
This specialization is in response to the urgent need for data scientists capable of turning vast quantities of data into insight. You will develop the necessary problem-solving, critical thinking, analytical, computational and communication skills to meet employers' needs. Graduates will be highly sought after in a variety of industries, including health care, finance and business consulting.
Digital Media
The Digital Media specialization covers topics such as computer graphics, information visualization, human- computer interaction, machine vision and mobile development. You will study the underlying technologies used in computer games, educational software, mobile devices and other forms of digital media through the science that informs it. This option is especially suitable for students who are directly interested in digital media or a related field.
Science and Management
If you are interested in managerial and leadership roles, consider applying for the five-year Bachelor of Science and Management (Honours) program in your upper years of study. Graduates gain a solid foundation in the key functional areas of business and management, including finance, accounting, operations, project management and marketing.
Learning environment
Students have access to new, modern buildings, libraries and innovative labs including:
- Computer Science Laboratory
- Laboratory for Advanced User Interfaces and Virtual Reality
- Mobile and Pervasive Computing Laboratory
Additional informationFaculty of Science website
Admission requirements
Current Ontario secondary school students must complete the Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) with six 4U or 4M credits including English (ENG4U), Advanced Functions (MHF4U), and two of Biology (SBI4U), Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U), Chemistry (SCH4U) or Physics (SPH4U). In addition, a combined minimum 70 per cent average in prerequisite math and science courses is required. It is recommended that all four MCV4U, SBI4U, SCH4U and SPH4U be taken.
Note: Admission is competitive. The specific average or standing required for admission varies from year to year. Students are selected by taking into consideration a wide range of criteria including school marks, distribution of subjects taken, and performance in subjects relevant to the academic program. Possession of the minimum requirements does not guarantee acceptance. Preference will be given to applicants with the best qualifications.
Last year's cut-off
|70 per cent
Expected cut-off
|Low 70s
How to apply
The application process and important dates/deadlines are outlined on our admissions website:
• Ontario secondary school applicants
• Ontario secondary school graduates
• Canadian out-of-province high school applicants
• international applicants
• mature applicants (over 21 and never attended post-secondary)
• transfer applicants
• General Arts and Science (GAS) applicants
• home-schooled applicants
Program curriculum
Courses common to all Computer Science programs beyond first-year level include:
- Artificial Intelligence
- Computer Graphics Image Processing
- Data Structures and Algorithms
- Databases
- Digital Evidence
- Digital Media Production
- Information Visualization
- Mobile Devices
- Programming Languages
- Software Design and Analysis
A full program map is available in the Undergraduate Academic Calendar. Courses are subject to change without notice.
Experiential learning
A five-year Co-operative Education option is available in all of our Science programs (except for Forensic Science, which already has an embedded experiential component), all of which satisfy the guidelines of the Canadian Association for Co-operative Education. These five-year programs combine an Honours Bachelor of Science program with embedded work terms. The co-op option gives you opportunities to apply your classroom and lab concepts to real-world situations and help you gain valuable, relevant work experience to promote networking and lifelong career success.
Co-op work terms give you the opportunity to earn a competitive salary that will help pay for your university degree and the work experience to help clarify your career objectives. More importantly, a co-op degree gives you a distinct advantage that will assist your prospects for full-time employment after graduation or for being readily accepted into graduate school to pursue further studies. Studies have shown that university students who graduate with a co-op degree have lower debt loads, are employed faster and have higher starting salaries.
We are committed to providing you with outstanding opportunities to work with today's highest-quality employers in business and industry. UOIT has developed strong partnerships with leading employers in Durham Region and beyond to allow you to connect with experts in the field and gain hands-on, real-world experience.
Career opportunities
- computer consultancy
- computer programming
- gaming and media sectors
- systems analysis
- technical support analysis
There is a wealth of opportunities for graduates in the sciences in industry, government and in fields of applied science. The combination of a science degree and business and management education will give an added advantage to graduates of these programs to establish careers in practical areas.


text:
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 - 21 nights
Occupying a rural countryside location with a good range of facilities, an enclosed garden and easy access to a number of coastal resorts. . Set In a peaceful, countryside setting. In a peaceful, countryside setting, these detached, single-storey holiday cottages are well equipped and tastefully furnished to a very good standard. Situated 500 yards from the Camel Trail, ideal for walks, cycling and horse riding. Explore mid Cornwall and the north coast resorts of Padstow, Tintagel and Boscastle or on the south coast, Fowey, Looe and Polperro. Polzeath, 12 miles, for surfing beach. The Eden Project, 20 minutes' drive. Close to Bodmin Moor with fishing on the River Camel (permit available locally). Bodmin, 1½ miles, for restaurants, leisure centre and golf. Shops and pubs 1½ miles.. All on ground floor: Living/dining room with French doors and wooden floor. Kitchen. Conservatory. 2 bedrooms: 1 double (5ft) with en-suite bathroom with bath, shower cubicle and toilet, 1 twin with en-suite bathroom with bath, shower cubicle and toilet. Separate toilet.. Cot and high chair on request. Freeview TV. DVD. Enclosed garden with sitting-out area and furniture.. All properties: Open fire in living/dining room (initial fuel included). Oil central heating, electricity, bed linen and towels included. Stereo/CD. Electric cooker. Microwave. Washer/dryer. Dishwasher. Fridge/freezer. Shared playing field. Picnic area. Barbecue. Parking (2 cars). Welcome pack.
*Plus compulsory or optional charges based on actual occupancy or consumption. The payment has to be made in the currency offered by the property manager, before use of conversion tool. Payments in other currencies have to be negotiated beforehand with the property manager. The currency conversion tool is provided for your convenience only and is non-binding.


text: A statement from Stiftung Warentest declared, "There is now a very good child car seat in standard Group 1 for the first time with the Kiddy Phoenixfix Pro 2. This car seat has very good protection.Kiddy achieves this with an impact shield. In the case of an accident, the child rolls against the padded impact shield. Movement and padding minimise the forces that the child is subjected to. Parents cannot make many mistakes here: child car seats with an impact shield are easy to use. Sit the child in; fasten the impact shield, done. Belt harnesses are not complicated either, but must be firmly tightened to ensure the child is sat safely. Parents often allow too much leeway."The Phoenixfix Pro 2 can be installed in cars with an ISOFIX system or simple with just the seat belt. Both options have been tested for high safety. A license to fly!Kiddy car seats are approved by TÜV Rheinland and the Federal Aviation Authority for use in aircraft.


text:
The San Joaquin County Coroner's Office has confirmed the victim of Tuesday's train crossing collision as 39-year-old Anthony Gregory Munkholm of Manteca.
A 39-year-old Manteca motorist died and his 30-year-old passenger was injured in a crash with a northwest bound Union Pacific freight train at the Walnut Avenue crossing just after 11 a.m. Tuesday
The days of a four-lane Highway 99 freeway through Manteca are numbered.
The prolonged dry spell may soon turn into a disaster.
RIPON - A Ripon Police officer shot and killed a pit bull mauling a smaller Yorkie.
Jeff Denham is pushing for Congress to do what many of his constituents do when they have unneeded property and need to raise cash – conduct a garage sale.
The Punjabi American Association Manteca (PAAM) celebrated its "New Year Family Dinner" and launched their newsletter "PAAM Times" during a celebration in Tracy at Sansar Indian cuisine.
Master Gardener Lee Miller will be the guest speaker at the Monday, Jan. 16, meeting of the Manteca Garden Club. Miller's presentation will be on the topic of heirloom tomatoes.
RIPON - There are two crab feeds coming up in Ripon.
The Antone E. and Marie F. Raymus Foundation are accepting applications from local organizations seeking financial grants. Applicant's organizations must focus on education, children and/ or churches.
MODESTO– The Moscow Festival Ballet will dazzle audiences with their production "Sleeping Beauty" at the Gallo Center for the Arts on Wednesday, Feb. 8, at 7 p.m.
The Manteca Visitors Center's 10th annual Women's Connection sponsored by Doctors Hospital of Manteca is Friday, Feb. 17, from 8 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. at Calvary Community Church, 815 W. Lathrop Road in Manteca
MODESTO – One of the most recognizable names in professional sports, Jeff Moorad, will be speaking at the Gallo Center for the Arts on Saturday, Jan. 28, at 8 p.m.
A Ripon police officer stopped a pit bull in its mauling of a smaller Yorkie as its owner stood in her front yard in awe.
A 39-year-old Manteca motorist died Tuesday morning and his 30-year-old passenger was injured in a crash with a northwest bound Union Pacific freight train at the Walnut Avenue crossing just after 11 a.m.
Page 516 of 931
RIPON - When the coach says to come out aggressive, it pays to come out aggressive.
What is there to do in Manteca on a Friday night in December?
Battalion Chief Dave Luis drew an overflow crowd to the P.L. Fry and Son Chapel on Manteca's North Union Road filling the interior ...
He's seen as either somebody who fights unapologetically for those who elected him or somebody who was willing to go so far as break ...
LATHROP – The City of Lathrop is preparing for the massive growth that is coming its way.
The top spellers in the area will gather Wednesday at the San Joaquin County Office of Education's Wentworth Education Center, 2707 Transworld Dr. in ...
The largest residential development so far in Manteca history - and one that is slowly changing the city's demographics -is the progression of an idea ...
The annual "Taste of Ripon" 21st annual event brought out the excitement of the holidays with couples and small groups strolling through the downtown enjoying ...
A stretch of Mulholand Drive in Ripon was recently repaved.
Scott Heaton and his City of Manteca crew added a new touch to lighting up the city Christmas tree.
Manteca's first industrial employer wasn't Spreckels Sugar.
The San Joaquin Regional Transit District (RTD) compares favorably with other forms of transportation in the county, RTD spokesman Nate Knott told Manteca Rotarians at ...
Manteca's city manager Elena Reyes, after serving only a four-month tenure in her new position, has been placed on paid administrative leave, according to ...
The names on the sheets of paper posted outside of Doctor's Hospital of Manteca Wednesday night told a story.
It was the scene of a runaway driver on Sallie O Drive at 10 p.m. Tuesday night when a DUI driver's wild but ...
Page 3 of 16
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Quantam Data 57-00002 Case with Custom Cut Foam for 780 Series Video Generators/Analyzers
The Quantum Data 57-00002 is a hard shell case with custom cut foam for use with 780 Series Video Generators/Analyzers for HDMI.This item is the case only. 780 Series Video Generators/Analyzers are not included.
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Pelican LG-EL30-GRYBLK 30 Inch Elite Vacationer Luggage with Enhanced Travel System (Gray and Black)
The EL30 Elite Vacationer Luggage with Enhanced Travel System from Pelican offers a lightweight design that meets airline checked baggage regulations (less than 62"). The body of the case is made from injection molded HPX high performance resin and the pins are stainless steel. Additional features include recessed press and pull latches, a recessed TSA approved combination lock, recessed carry handles on the top, bottom and one side as well as recessed retractable handle. The interior fabric spo
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Pelican 32-80Q-OC-TAN 80 Quart Outdoor Elite Cooler - Wheeled - Tan
Take a load off with the new Pelican ProGear 80QT Elite Cooler
Ocean journeys, tailgating, hunting expeditions... Wherever youradventure takes you, arrive ready with the Pelican ProGear 80QT Elite Cooler. Built with heavy-duty wheels and a robust trolley handle, the new Pelican ProGear 80QT Elite Cooler is easily maneuvered with one hand. With the ultra-durable construction you've come to know from Pelican, a capacity of 80 quarts, and an ice retention capability of up to 10 days, the Pelican Pro
Item #: PEL-32-80Q-OC-TN
Availability: Direct Ship From Manufacturer
Our Price: $489.00
Pelican 1500 Case With Foam 18.50 Inches (L) x 14.06 Inches (W) x 6.93 Inches (D)- Black
These cases are the best insurance you can buy for your valuable camera gear, instruments,meters, gauges, precision tools, guns and expensive equipment. Unbreakable and "O" ringsealed - guaranteed airtight, watertight and dustproof. All Pelican cases are built to take a beating.Layers of exclusive pick `n pluck foam padding cushion equipment against rough and tumbleabuse. Won't dent or corrode, even in or around salt water. Exclusive permanent automaticpurge valve contains Gortex type material t
Item #: BPL1500B
Our Price: $118.01
Pelican 1610 Case With Foam - Black
Unbreakable & Watertight Pelican protector cases equipped with 2" hard, rubber, transport wheels, a retractable extension handle and multiple fold-down carrying handles.
Item #: BPL1610B
Our Price: $223.07
Pelican Air 1535 Wheeled Carry-On Air Case with Foam - Black
The Pelican Air case has been designed to cut weight without compromising durability. At up to 40% lighter than other polymer cases, Pelican Air cases will lighten the loads of the dedicated pros across the world who have set out to change the game. Pelican Air cases are the first in a series of remarkable innovations engineered by Pelican, the pioneers of protective cases. For over 40 years Pelican has designed and crafted the most influential protective cases in the world, and we're just gett
Item #: PEL-1535-BK
Our Price: $221.25
Odyssey FRTP020W Flight Zone Truck Pack With Wheels
Fast and efficient use of space for easy load in and load out of venues. The base unit of this system has 3 inch casters, two of which have brakes. Recessed hardware, spring loaded handles.
Lid has an interior height of 3.5".(Lid does not come off.)
Item #: ODSY-FRTP020W
Our Price: $229.99
Pelican 1650 Case with No Foam Black
The Pelican 1650NF Case without Foam (Black) is an unbreakable, watertight, airtight, dustproof, chemical resistant and corrosion proof hard case used to carry any kind of equipment that needs to be protected from the elements. It is made of Ultra-high Impact structural copolymer that makes it extremely strong and durable. It has a 0.25" (6.4 mm) neoprene O-ring, ABS latches that seal perfectly and includes an automatic purge valve for quick equalization after changes in atmospheric pressure.
Item #: BPL1650NFB
Our Price: $212.57
Pelican 1490 Pelicase Protective Case - Black
The Pelican 1490 Attache/Computer Case with Foam (Black) is a watertight, dustproof and corrosion proof case with a slim attache design. It is designed to carry a laptop computer with a screen up to 17" and accessories. The case has a built-in purge valve for changes in altitude or temperature and locking latches with keys. It is carried by a padded folding handle, and an optional removable padded ergonomic shoulder strap.
This case has a 3-piece foam set interior.
Item #: BPL1490B
Our Price: $138.41
Pelican 1730 Transport Case With Pick-N-Pluck Foam
Item #: PEL-1730
Our Price: $354.95
Pelican 1610TP Large Case with TrekPak Divider System
You'll be amazed at how much more gear you can get into your new case. At just 7/16" thick, these rigid panels form a precise grid of protection without wasting any space. Together with the included 1" bottom foam and convoluted lid foam, the TrekPak system forms a 360-degree cocoon inside your Pelican case.
To many of our customers, using a Pelican case is the mark of a pro. Now the inside of your case can look just as professional.
The TrekPak system uses pre-installed wall secti
Item #: PEL-1610TP
Our Price: $339.99
HPRC 6400WTRI Black Wheeled hard case for tripods int kit
Wheeled hard case 44.37 x 11.22 x 13.19 (in) black with internal kit for tripods
Item #: HPRC-6400WTRI-BK
Our Price: $325.90
Pelican 1550 Case Pro-Case 20.5inL x 16.75inW x 8.5inD- Black
These cases are the best insurance you can buy for your valuable camera gear, instruments, meters, gauges, precision tools, guns and expensive equipment. Unbreakable and "O" ring sealed - guaranteed airtight, watertight and dust proof. All Pelican cases are built to take a beating. Layers of exclusive pick `n pluck foam padding cushion equipment against rough and tumble abuse. Won't dent or corrode, even in or around salt water. Exclusive permanent automatic purge valve contains Gortex type mate
Item #: BPL1550B
Our Price: $145.82
Pelican 1640 Case - Black With Foam
Pelican Waterproof 1640 Protector Case boasts nearly 8,000 cubic inches of usable storage space for organizing anything from flat screens to industrial electronics. Standard features of this case include stainless steel, ball-bearing, polyurethane wheels; a telescoping handle for easy transport; and rubberized top and side grips for maximum comfort.
Also available with optional features such as lid organizer or customizable padded utility dividers providing superior, reconfigurable protection for
Item #: BPL1640B
Our Price: $271.89
Pelican Air 1605 Air Case with Foam - Black
Item #: PEL-1605-BK
Our Price: $251.25
Pelican 1550NF - Watertight - Dustproof Case - No Foam - Black
The Pelican 1550NF Case without Foam (Black) is an unbreakable, watertight, airtight, dustproof, chemical-resistant and corrosion-proof hard case used to carry any kind of equipment that needs to be protected from the elements. It is made of Ultra High Impact structural copolymer that makes it extremely strong and durable. It includes a 0.25" (6.4 mm) neoprene o-ring, easy-open double throw latches that seal perfectly, and an automatic pressure equalization valve for quick equalization after cha
Item #: PEL-1550NF
Our Price: $123.57
Pelican IM2435-00000 Storm Case - Black No Foam
The new iM2435 Pelican Storm Case keeps your critical documents, accessories, and laptop organized and protected. Watertight, crushproof, dustproof, and backed by our Pelican Limited Lifetime Guarantee of Excellence - the iM2435 Pelican Storm Case is tougher than the average carry-on and is built to last. The iM2435 Pelican Storm Case won't prevent turbulence, but it will keep your contents stabilized.
Item #: PEL-IM2435-BK-NF
Hard & Waterproof Cases are an industry standard when it comes to equipment protection, storage and transport. Hard cases come in a wide-variety of composition, durability and size. From protecting items as small as a smart phone, to items as large as a light kit, Markertek has you covered. We stock waterproof cases to securely carry memory cards, 4K cameras, test equipment
Broadcast, Scientific, Education, Military are just a few industries we serve. We are proud suppliers of Pelican, SKB, PortaBrace and many other high-quality brands. Some hard cases are manufactured for specific products, ensuring a perfect fit every time!
Hard & Waterproof Cases come in several colors to best suit your application, including Black, OD Green, Desert Tan, Orange and Yellow. With advanced features like padded / extending handles, wheels, pick & pluck foam, molded inserts and stackable exteriors, you are guaranteed to find the case you need at Markertek. If you don't see what you're looking for, contact us today and we will do our best to get one!
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This is my fourth year as a teacher. I have two degrees in education, five teachers licenses, a passion for my content, and I love teenagers. This is my first year teaching under my SPED license and last week when I walked in to target and saw that they were hiring I was really tempted to apply.
ICT partnerships either work or they don't. It's an arranged marriage of sorts where the administration gets together and decides to pair teachers based on their strengths and weaknesses. This year, in a new school, I was paired with a content teacher to teach a prep class to students who have failed the regents. I've taught this kind of class to students who don't know a word of English, to students way below reading level, and general education students for 3 years.
And now, at the beginning of my fourth year I am being treated like a secretary or at best an assistant. I get the lesson plans the night before, well after I've gone to sleep, and with little time to differentiate them. During my prep when I'm supposed to write IEPs or meet with parents or differentiate a lesson I'm handed work and asked to go make copies. I was asked by administration why I thought it was necessary to have a desk. You know, a place to store highlighters to show struggling readers how to annotate, or keep things for students with ADHD to fidget with to help concentrate, or a place for a well educated adult to do their paperwork and other administrative tasks...? The common planning time I have with my co teacher is right after lunch and oftentimes they decide to use the periods back to back to go run errands or go out to lunch. Which, I wouldn't have a problem with if I had any idea what I was supposed to do tomorrow. In meetings when I speak I'm asked who is my "lead teacher". As if I have no idea what I'm doing. I tried to fix a mistake in the online grade book and a window popped up saying I needed permission from the lead teacher to make changes.
During lessons together the lead teacher takes the pen to the smart board around the room with them so I can't even write on the board without permission. When I try to address the class because I've seen the same misunderstanding happen with a few students, they speak over me as if what I am saying is not important. On Fridays I'm handed the entire file from the week and told to go home and grade while the teacher discusses all the fun things they're doing this weekend. Before and after school I clean the classroom because a clean and organized space is important for all students but especially for special education students. The other teacher sits there and won't even help when he's asked.
I've tried having conversations with the co teacher, the administration, and other teachers I know about how to handle this situation and the general consensus is that this is just how it is.
I hear target is hiring.


text: 0 Rosary by Shobana Appavu Best Sellers Trending Art Best Selling Paintings Best Selling Abstract Art Prints Best Selling Photography Best Selling Posters Popular Subjects Animals Architecture Childrens Art Floral & Still Life Landscape Maps Military & War Music Science Fiction & Fantasy Skylines Spiritual Transportation Featured Artists Brickhut Cozamia Eric Joyner Erin Ashley James Niehues Jennifer Lommers Jonas Gerard Marcia Baldwin Mark Lawrence Michael Creese Michael Tompsett Collections ArtLoversOnline Design Pics The Fine Art Masters Panoramic Images Retro Images Archive StockTrek Images WorldWide Archive Create Your Own Photo Canvas Custom Frame Photos Rosary by Shobana Appavu (2008) Sign inCustomer Service Cart Houzz Share on Tumblr Tweet +Add to Cart Available Sizes inches / cm Petite $57.50 Small $69.00 Medium $86.25 Large $115.00 Grande $230.00 Massive $345.00 » component prices Print Frame Mats Glazing Fitting Customize Framing or choose Canvas Print Customize Canvas or choose Framed Art Print Click to save as artist's preferred kit Paper Enhanced MattePremium Photo GlossyPremium Photo LusterUltraSmooth Fine ArtHahnemuhle Photo Rag 308Hahnemuhle Fine Art PearlHahnemuhle Torchon Mounted? ★★★☆☆ Details Paper print only, too large to frame online. Frames Choose a color » ø Top Mat | Middle Mat | Bottom Mat ø Glazing Style Soft EdgeWhite EdgeBlack EdgeImage WrapUnstretched 1½ inches thick (3.75 cm) Product Details Artist grade canvas, archival inks, wooden stretcher bars, and UVB protective coating Availablity Usually ships within five business days. Artist Shobana AppavuCollection Comic-RelatedDescription Illustration of Pogo, the main character from Unholy (Bob's graphic novel currently in the works). Popular Configurations Stretched Canvas Modern Lines Contemporary White Classical Baroque Unframed print Explore More from the same collection View All Shobana Appavu's Recent Work About the artist Shobana Appavu, Burr Ridge, IL Member Since September 2009 Artist Statement I am a freelance illustrator living in Illinois. My work focuses on a variety of subjects ranging from dark fantasy to humor to pet and animal imagery. My preferred medium is a combination of traditional and digital painting. Community Comments Catalog Details Product No 2352556 Subjects Fantasy, Science Fiction & Fantasy Style Conceptual Medium Tags Appavu, Shobana, comic, graphic, novel, rosary, unholy Create Frame Photos Photos on Canvas Sell Sell Art Online Become an Affiliate Get a Trade Account Common Questions Company Info About Us Contact Customer Comments Return Policy Social Tumblr Pinterest Twitter Facebook Instagram Our Wall Art Family CanvasOnDemand | Photo Canvases GreatBigCanvas | Decorate Huge Terms of Service Privacy Policy Copyright © 2016


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Homes are like Irish terriers—if not properly tended, they resort to bratty acts of defiance such as removing all the buttons from your shirts and humming show tunes when you're trying to meditate. Today's Groupon keeps your habitat happy: for $69, you get two hours of handyman services from Yellow Van Handyman (a $159.99 value). The handyman service—whose founder was recently awarded a 2010 Washington State Small Business Award for Veteran Small Business Champion—offers routine home maintenance and repair services.
The handypeople at Yellow Van Handyman will arrive at your doorstep (within a 20-mile radius of 43215) fully equipped to mend what's broken and tend to the unsavory tasks required to ensure a healthy home or office. A variety of services are available for your convenience and range from everyday repairs and installations to larger-scale projects. For two sweet hours, enlist Yellow Van's friendly fixits to protect your manor from menacing bands of neighborhood ne'er-do-wells by having them childproof your home, or request that they replace a pineapple-shattered window before the spring storms flood your interior. Painting, patch work, general carpentry, fixture installation, repairs, landscaping, and cleanup services are also available by the company, but this deal is good for home and office services.
Even the most self-sufficient professional can occasionally benefit from a brainy and brawny genie-for-hire, so take a micro-vacation from your ill-advised homemade home makeover and recline on the hammock while Yellow Van hangs your collection of portraits of Sir Anthony Hopkins. Call ahead or go online to Hometask.com to schedule an appointment.
Good for labor only, extra cost for added on services.
Yellow Van Handyman's founder was recognized in the 2010 Washington State Small Business Awards. Although there are only two reviews on Yelp, past customers rave about Yellow Van Handyman's services on the business' site:
- Yellow Van Handyman has given me the tools and support to get my handyman business up and running quickly. – Mike, Customer Testimonials
- I found Yellow Van Handyman and am convinced it is the solution!. – Mark, Customer Testimonials
Yellow Van Handyman
A branch of the umbrella company HomeTask, Yellow Van Handyman assists in the company mission of carrying out necessary maintenance, repairs, and improvements on customers' homes. Company founder Jerrod Sessler, dubbed a Veteran Small Business Champion at the 2010 Washington State Small Business Awards, designed Yellow Van Handyman to be endlessly adaptable to modern households' ever-changing needs. Yellow Van Handyman's dedicated franchisers provide customers with a complete spectrum of home and office repair services, fixing leaky faucets, patching drywall, and replacing windows damaged by ultrarealistic 3-D sports broadcasts.
German Village
183 Thurman Ave.
Columbus, Ohio 43206Get Directions


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Food allergies are becoming a more common occurrence, a result perhaps of new types of processes, substances and additives in the modern diet. But at least one type of increasingly common food allergy appears to have a very natural cause.
There is a growing body of research suggesting that consumers stricken by a sudden allergy to red meat may have developed a sudden sensitivity because of a tick bite. In particular, the lone star tick may be causing thousands of new allergy cases, doctors say.
Food allergies are reactions of the body's immune system to the introduction of a certain food, according to the Mayo Clinic. The immune system detects something in the food that isn't supposed to be there and goes to war. The result can be something as mild as digestive distress to hives, swelling and a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis.
One of the most common food allergies is to peanuts, which can cause immediate severe and sometimes fatal reactions. For the most part, a peanut allergy begins in childhood.
How it's different
What is different about many cases of red meat allergy is that the symptoms occur later in life without warnings. One minute you're eating a hamburger and a couple of hours later you're headed for the emergency room.
A 2012 study led by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University linked the lone star tick to red meat allergies, causing a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. The cases were predominantly in the southeastern U.S. The study focused on antibodies in the blood to a substance called an alpha-gal found in the tick bite.
That substance is also found in red meat so, when the body's immune system detects it following a nice steak dinner, it goes to war once again.
"Where ticks are endemic, for example in the southeastern United States, clinicians should be aware of this new syndrome when presented with a case of anaphylaxis," the authors wrote. "Current guidance is to counsel patients to avoid all mammalian meat -- beef, pork, lamb and venison."
Cases on the rise
At Vanderbilt University's Asthma, Sinus and Allergy Program (A.S.A.P.) clinic in Nashville, Tenn., doctors are seeing one or more new red meat allergy cases each week.
"It is not completely understood exactly how the allergy starts," said Dr. Robert Valet said, assistant professor of medicine at Vanderbilt. "The thought is that the tick has the alpha-gal sugar in its gut and introduces it as part of the allergic bite and that causes the production of the allergy antibody that then cross-reacts to the meat."
Valet said the allergy's symptoms have included hives and swelling, as well as broader symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vomiting, diarrhea, trouble breathing, and a drop in blood pressure.
Among most important food allergies
"I think it is something that certainly belongs among the most important food allergies, particularly in the Southeast," he said. "Certainly these patients can present with every bit as severe of an allergy as someone who is allergic to peanuts."
Adding to the danger is the fact that someone can develop this food allergy literally overnight, with no warning they could have a problem. Valet recounts the case of September Norman, vacationing with her husband in Tennessee's Fall Creek Falls State Park. After a steak dinner she was awakened in the middle of the night with a severe allergic reaction and had to be driven several miles to find cell coverage to call 911. Treatment included an epinephrine injection, Benadryl, an IV, and steroids.
Developing this allergy is bad news for a carnivore because Valet says there is no good way to desensitize people once they develop this allergy. While chicken can remain in your diet, red meats and, in some cases, milk are off-limits.


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IBM says employees spend 4 hours per day on email. IBM Verse is the new solution. Email + analytics + social collaboration. #AnalyticsForAll
My personal notes from today's #IntranetNow workshop with @GerryMcGovern d.pr/10ktx Simplify your #intranet with top tasks.
Frequent reminders today at #IntranetNow that the intranet must be available outside the network. At home. On mobile.


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Explore Happy And Smiling, Watching Tom and more!
Are you watching Tom & Jerry too?
This image represents the hidden layers of his personality. He wears a metaphorical mask of a happiness he lacks s he knows this is the bets chance of protecting his family and himself from despair. The level of his confidence and self worth is lowered when around his family as he feels even more vulnerable and this is when his facade fades but when with his colleagues he has to act strong, tough and in control to persuade them he is worthy of his status.


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* Comfortable and stretchable cotton blend fabric * Contrast text and graphic printed front * Crew neck and short sleeves with turn-up cuffs * Interior taping to neck for durability more on NamshiBuy it from Namshi
Light Peach
Product Material:
95% Cotton 5% Elastane
Washing Instructions:
Machine wash warm at 40c. Do not bleach. Do not tumble dry. Line dry. Medium iron. Do not dry clean.
Neck Type:
Crew Neck
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216 S Harrison, Houghton Lake 48629
See more homes for sale in Houghton Lake, MI
Loads of possibilities on this large building on 5 acres that has been recently updated with newer roof, flooring and paint. Some areas still need a little updating but for the price this is a great buy. Seller will finance this building for you. Could be a great group home, adult care or apartments. Large conference room, 2 walk in coolers set up for large groups. Includes at 30 X 50 pole barn and a 40 x 50 storage barn.
Property Information
- Status
- Active
- Address
- 216 S Harrison
- City
- Houghton Lake
- Zip
- 48629
- Year Built
- 0
- County
- Roscommon
- Above Grade SqFt
- 0
- Parking
- 1-10
- Current Use
- Adult Foster Care, Business Opportunity, Day Care, Educational, Motel, Office, Vacant Building
- Zoning
- Commercial
- Exterior Features
- Brick/Veneer, Wood
- Heating
- Forced Air, Natural Gas
Listing Video for 216 S Harrison, Houghton Lake MI 48629
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Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Midge & Co.
Office Address 3540 W. Houghton Lake Drive
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 216 S Harrison, Houghton Lake MI 48629. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Houghton Lake, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Houghton Lake, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Houghton Lake, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Houghton Lake, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
Listing data is provided by the Paul Bunyan MLS, Inc © All rights reserved


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Long's Marine Construction
19589 County Road 20 Foley, Alabama 36535(251) 943-3261
Print | Save | Directions
AboutLong's Marine Construction is located at the address 19589 County Road 20 in Foley, Alabama 36535. They can be contacted via phone at (251) 943-3261 for pricing, hours and directions.
Long's Marine Construction has an annual sales volume of 0 - 500K. .For more information contact Hank Long, Owner
For maps and directions to Long's Marine Construction view the map to the right. For reviews of Long's Marine Construction see below.
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Key Contacts
- Hank Long
- Phone: (251) 943-3261


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Athena Staik, Ph.D., LMFT
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
12866 Harbor Drive, Woodbridge, Virginia 22192
Anger is an emotion that, when expressed assertively treats self and others with dignity, and helps us stand up for ourselves to clarify and express what we need or want, like or don't like, etc. On the other hand, anger, as an automatic defense strategy, can damage both ourrelationships and personal health. As a defense strategy, anger is expressed in one of two ways. Some express their resentment outwardly, such as with yelling, and others express it inwardly, by withdrawing, stewing with resentment inside. Awareness of inner thoughts, emotions & body's signals, and understanding how brain & body work together are keys to regulating anger.
Jennifer Erickson, MS, NCC
Resident in Counseling
7459 Old Hickory Dr. Ste 105, Mechanicsville, Virginia 23111
If your spouse, boss, or a judge has insisted you begin anger management classes, we can help. I offer scheduling options that are flexible for your life. Our class assists you with identifying your triggers, understanding worldview, identifying judgement and learning how to be less reactive. Discussion typically occurs over 8 - 10 hours, $30 per hour.
April St. John, MA, LPC, LMFT
Licensed Marriage & Individual Therapist
9137 Chamberlayne Rd., Mechanicsville, Virginia 23116
Does your anger interrupt your daily functioning? Does your anger keep you from fostering relationships that are important to you? There are many reasons why anger may be surfacing in your life but there is hope. Court Ordered? We offer two program formats to assist you with identifying your triggers and learning how to be less reactive. For enrollment and questions, call our office at 804-467-1488.


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Toto is the son of (Mama) Chi Chi who is also listed and he is looking for a nice quiet home with a warm lap, lots of attention and not a lot of excitement.. Toto was rescued from an elderly woman's home who was placed in the hospital, then hospice and then passed away. Toto is a wonderfully outgoing, loyal, loving little man. When he is happy he jumps straight up on the air. Always a wagging tail and ready kisses. His nickname is Toto tootsie roll as he readily rolls over for tummy rubs. But he seems to be a one person dog. He has bonded with me but still after 11 months in my home he will not allow my daughter to touch him. So I am thinking that it will take a bit of adjustment time. He is house trained and is good for 4-6 hours at a time if necessary. He was abused by a man and doesn't do well with men. He had a full dental in November 2015. He has no bad habits and currently lives with 2 older small dogs. He has lived with larger dogs in the past without any problems. But it has been my experience that he really doesn't like larger dogs than him. What makes him special needs is that both of his knees go in and out and he has a heart murmur which is not uncommon in small dogs. He is 6-8 years old and weighs 6-8 pounds.
If you are interested in adopting, please fill out an adoption application.
Top Reviews
Henry looks sad. He's so handsome! Is he up for adoption? What is the adoption fee?
Wendy Kinswa


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No matter where you live, your home is special to you. Let Erie Insurance protect your home, property and family with great coverage, flexible options and award-winning claims service.
We encourage you to compare our quality coverages, service and price (you'll be smiling). For more than 90 years, we've been helping Customers with their insurance coverage and recover after a loss. Our vast network of Agents serves more than 5 million insurance Customers in 12 states and the District of Columbia.


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- Open Access
DIP–STR: Highly Sensitive Markers for the Analysis of Unbalanced Genomic Mixtures
Communicated by Pui-Yan Kwok
Correspondence to: Diana Hall, Unité de Génétique Forensique, Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 21, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Samples containing highly unbalanced DNA mixtures from two individuals commonly occur both in forensic mixed stains and in peripheral blood DNA microchimerism induced by pregnancy or following organ transplant. Because of PCR amplification bias, the genetic identification of a DNA that contributes trace amounts to a mixed sample represents a tremendous challenge. This means that standard genetic markers, namely microsatellites, also referred as short tandem repeats (STR), and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have limited power in addressing common questions of forensic and medical genetics. To address this issue, we developed a molecular marker, named DIP–STR that relies on pairing deletion–insertion polymorphisms (DIP) with STR. This novel analytical approach allows for the unambiguous genotyping of a minor component in the presence of a major component, where DIP–STR genotypes of the minor were successfully procured at ratios up to 1:1,000. The compound nature of this marker generates a high level of polymorphism that is suitable for identity testing. Here, we demonstrate the power of the DIP–STR approach on an initial set of nine markers surveyed in a Swiss population. Finally, we discuss the limitations and potential applications of our new system including preliminary tests on clinical samples and estimates of their performance on simulated DNA mixtures.


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- [Fantasy Flowers]100% Cotton 3PC Patchwork Quilt Set (King)
- 1 in stock
- Ships within 2 days. Estimated delivery: Friday, December 16th
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The [Fantasy Flowers] Quilt Set (King Size) includes a quilt and two quilted shams. Shell and fill are 100% cotton. This pretty quilt set is handmade and some quilting may be slightly curved. The pretty handmade quilt set make a stunning and warm gift for you and a loved one! For convenience, all bedding components are machine washable on cold in the gentle cycle and can be dried on low heat and will last for years. Intricate vermicelli quilting provides a rich surface texture. This vermicelli-quilted quilt set will refresh your bedroom decor instantly, create a cozy and inviting atmosphere and is sure to transform the look of your bedroom or guest room. (Dimensions: King quilt: 92.9 inches x 103 inches Standard sham: 24 inches x 33.8 inches)
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Details of this Paper
Two discussions
Answer questions separately. No limit, just answered.;1);State law varies as to the reporting requirements for liquidating a corporation. Using your home region/state/city, research the liquidation reporting requirements at the state and federal level and post the requirements to the discussion board. What are your thoughts on the requirements of your home state as compared to state requirements made by your peers?;2);Ethical consideration: Who should be allowed to ?know??;Consider that you work in the human resources management department of a local business and that many of your friends work there. Although you don?t personally generate payroll checks, you still have the ability to look up anyone?s salary. Would you check on your friends? records to see if they?re earning more money than you? For that matter, would you look up their salary just out of simple curiosity, knowing that you would never do anything with the information or share it with anyone else? Why or why not? People working at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) were caught just curiously looking up the reported incomes of movie stars and other high-profile public figures. Is this acceptable? Why or why not?
Paper#80027 | Written in 18-Jul-2015Price : $22


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Product Info
Matte Jersey strapless cocktail dress with beaded border on full skirt. This dress has 86 hours of hand beading and is completely lined. Natural waist has a rhinestone buckled belt. This is a one of a kind couture piece and is only available in this sample size 6 . To see the detail please take the time to see it on the runway at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G1H0uRq14c
Shipping and Return
Returns are accepted with a 20% restocking fee.


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A Pattern of Peoples; A Journey Among the Tribes of Indonesia's Outer Islands
HANBURY-TENISON, Robin
• Terms • Ask a Question
Place Published: New York
Publisher: Scribner
Date Published: 1975
Description: Color Illus. 8vo, blue cloth, d.w. New York: Scribner's, (1975). Very goodBinding: hardcover
Condition: very good
Language: English
Type: Books
Book ID: 263145


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"Tassili, Akba Tafelalet, 3rd akba" Tassili n'Ajjer National Park Things to Do Tip by JLBG
Tassili n'Ajjer National Park Things to Do: 133 reviews and 279 photos
The last leg of our trek will be to go down from the Tassili (in case you would have forgotten, the Plateau), elevation 1 100 m to Djanet, elevation 500 m. That will be a two days walk on a steep path, difficult for the camels.
The cameleers take a close care to their camels. Only for a short while, between two steeps part do we ride the camels (second photo).
Shortly after (third photo), do we walk again.
The map I have added will show how steep it is.
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