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3.3 / September 24, 2016
App Information Jewels World 2017
- App NameJewels World 2017
- Package Namecom.PanLanBds.JewelsWorld.Jewels2017
- UpdatedSeptember 24, 2016
- File Size26M
- Requires AndroidAndroid 2.3 and up
- Version3.3
- DeveloperPanLan Bds.
- Installs50 - 100
- PriceFree
- CategoryArcade
- Developer
- Google Play Link
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Yankee Transplant's Cornmeal-Breaded Catfish
Total Time
Prep 20 mins
Cook 30 mins
A little lighter than the traditional, southern catfish breading/batters yet it retains the crispness and simplicity. The Yankeeness shows in the garlic and the olive oil. I'm not really a big fan of fish, but catfish done this way is one I can actually enjoy.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 lbs catfish nuggets or 3 lbs catfish fillets
- 1⁄3 cup milk
- 1 1⁄2 cups cornmeal
- 1 cup flour
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄2-1 teaspoon garlic powder
- 3 teaspoons Old Bay Seasoning
- canola oil
- olive oil
- lemon wedge
- hot sauce (I like Frank's)
- Soak fish in milk for 15 minutes.
- Heat about 1/2" oil (about a 50/50 mix), in deep skillet (I use my cast iron chicken fryer), until a drop of water sizzles violently but below smoking point.
- Combine cornmeal, flour, salt, garlic powder, and Old Bay in a plastic bag.
- Shake a few pieces of catfish at a time in the breading then fry in the oil until browned and crisp, turning once. Drain on paper towels then keep hot on warmed plate.
- Repeat, frying small batches, until finished.
- Serve, passing lemon wedges and hot sauce at the table.
- Note -- I recommend cole slaw (try Recipe #209944 or Recipe #239426 ), or a green salad and French or Italian bread to complete the meal.
- Note -- For something a little different, try making sandwiches on hard rolls with lettuce, tomato, and tartar sauce as well as the lemon and hot sauce.
- Note -- Its a bit overwhelming for tilapia, perch, and other mild fish but do try it on other strongly-flavored fish.
Most Helpful
I really liked how the milk seemed to remove the muddy taste from the catfish. I used quite a bit more than 1/3 c. - I submerged the fish in the milk. I had a little trouble with the breading peeling off, and quite a bit of cornmeal sank to the bottom of the pan as well. The flavor was good overall. I had some undercooked pieces, which speaks more to my cooking ability than the recipe. :)
This fish was so good along with french fries and coleslaw. We enjoyed every bite! The fish was flavorful and the batter stuck right onto the fish and was crunchy and delicious. I squirted with fresh lemon right before serving and sprinkled with salt Num numssssss!
This is a very good tasting breading/coating. Easy to prepare and gave the fish a nice golden color. Great for home-cooked fish. Thank you.

subset: commoncrawl


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Yep! After 2 nights withdrawals I'm keen as mustard for tonight! Sad it's the second last Ep though...
Yep! After 2 nights withdrawals I'm keen as mustard for tonight! Sad it's the second last Ep though...
I'm hoping to stay awake for it, Skyler.
Can't wait !!
I just hope the kids will let us watch it... It's DH's birthday too (he wants to watch it tho) but it's on right at the time all 3 of them kick off =/
Not much longer to go 😜
Are there any hints about what they are cooking? I always crave what they are making and it helps if I can even have something that is caramel flavour if they are making a beautiful caramel dessert for example. For a Thai dish if they're cooking Thai. 😜
Sorry I haven't heard anything. Got my glass of wine at the ready though!
It's on!
Almost too excited to function!
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OMG already this final has IT ALL
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Grand Saline High School Alumni
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- James Wilhelm
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Even if alumni from Grand Saline High School have moved away from Grand Saline, Texas, they can use this site to find and contact high school friends. We also encourage you to keep up to date on news and reconnect with Grand Saline High School alumni. You can also find out what other graduates are doing now, share memories with other alumn, upload pictures from Grand Saline High and find other alumni.


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How to Load Songs on an iPhone
The iPhone can handle the necessary functions of a basic phone but also allows you to store and play music and video, as well as view pictures. If you want to load your music collection to the iPhone, you can do so easily with the help of the free iTunes program.
Things You'll Need
- Computer with iTunes
- iPhone
- USB connector cable
- Music files
Step 1
Launch the iTunes program on your computer. If you do not have this program, you can download it for free from the link in the "Resources" section of this article.
Step 2
Connect your iPhone to your computer using the supplied USB connection cable.
Step 3
In iTunes, select the iPhone icon under "Devices" on the tray on the left side of the program.
Step 4
When iTunes prompts you with a message asking to create a special playlist to sync with the phone, accept the prompt and drag the songs you wish to add from your library into the playlist. When you have finished creating the playlist, select "Sync".
Tips & Warnings
- An iPhone that is set to "automatically sync" will add iTunes content to the phone as soon as it is connected.


text:
mixture template
hi all,
I am using fluent 6.1.22 I am using species transport In my mixturre template i have co2,o2,n2 I set the mixture first - I set density formulation to be ideal gas When I go then to indivisual fluids, it appears that I can not set the density formulation for the indivisual fluids -- I have to change the box Mixture from "mixture template" to "none" to get all the options including density -- I was wondering if doing that is correct -- or when you use mixture template, you can set density formulation only for mixture?
please let me know if you know anything about this issue.
Re: mixture template
I can set individual fluid density in Fluent.
Re: mixture template
ok, what about fluent 6.0.20?
For mixture template I set incompressible ideal gas. In the mixture I have co2 + o2 + N2 now when i go to indivisual fluids, i dont see any option for density formulation -- I see only cp and molecular weight !
do you know what wrong i am doing?
Re: mixture template
Check section 7.2.7 of the user's guide. If you specify ideal gas (compressible or incompressible) for the mixture, the individual properties of the component species do not come into play. If you use a mixing rule (the volume-weighted-mixing-law or a user-defined-mixing-law), then you will need to specify the individual species. In all other cases, they aren't needed so become unavailable to set.
Re: mixture template
my case has been running ok for mixture template modeled as ideal gas.
But when I switch to volume-weighted-mixing-law and use rho = fcn(T) for individual densities I get the following message during every converged solution:
reversed flow in 115 faces on pressure-outlet 14. turbulent viscosity limited to viscosity ratio of 1.000000e+05 in 2719 cells
do you know what is going wrong ?
Re: mixture template
it appears that modeling the mixture template is ideal gas is appropriate -- I dont need to worry about individual density formulations for fluids. The R value for the mixture will be calculated from the R values of individual gases and mass fractions -- which is what I want -- Please let me know if I am in correct
Re: mixture template
Actually, just using the ideal gas (or incompressible ideal gas) formulation will mean that the molar density of the gas will be calculated the cell temperature and pressure as from the ideal gas law (PV=nRT, or n/V = P/RT), without any direct dependancy on the composition of the gas. The mass density can be obtained with knowledge of the gas composition (This is all internal to FLUENT). No direct calculation of the indivdiual species densities are necessary by this method, meaning you do save some calculation steps in the process.
So yes, this method is correct give what you'd like FLUENT to do with individual species.
(Effectively, you could set the mixture to ideal-gas-mixing-law, then have each species set to ideal gas, but you'll get the same answer, but with a lot more calculation steps, so this is much more efficient.)
Re: mixture template
Thanks for the enlightenment! --
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text:
Get an overview of this hotelHostel in Brno with free breakfast
Located in the heart of Brno, this hostel is steps from St. James church, Museum of Art from the Gothic to the 19th Century, and Ethnographic Museum. Church of St Thomas and Casino 777 Brno are also within 5 minutes.
Property Features
This smoke-free hostel features coffee/tea in a common area, concierge services, and laundry facilities. Free buffet breakfast and free WiFi in public areas are also provided. Other amenities include express check-in, express check-out, and tour/ticket assistance.
Room Amenities
All 15 individually decorated rooms offer free WiFi.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Hostel Jacob Brno
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. High-speed wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary. This Brno hostel also offers tour/ticket assistance, multilingual staff, and coffee/tea in a common area. A total renovation of this property was completed in August 2012.
Hostel Jacob Brno is a smoke-free property.
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- Number of floors - 6
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
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Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
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Alesis DM10 Studio Kit Electronic Drum Set
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June 21, 2010
DIEBOLD, INC., PLAINTIFF,v.CONTINENTAL CASUALTY CO., DEFENDANT.
This is an insurance coverage dispute between Plaintiff Diebold, Inc. ("Diebold"), the insured, and Continental Casualty Company ("Continental"), the insurer.*fn1 Presently before the Court are the parties' motions for summary judgment.
For the reasons set forth below, summary judgment will be granted to Continental on the basis of its "discovery" affirmative defense. Diebold's corresponding cross-motion for summary judgment will be denied. The Court also grants Continental's Motion for Summary Judgment on Diebold's bad faith claim. Both Continental's and Diebold's motions for summary judgment regarding all other issues will be dismissed as moot.
Diebold and Tri-State Armored Services, Inc. Diebold contracts with various banks and credit unions to service ATM machines. In 1992, Diebold introduced its "Fastline" service, consisting of "two separate and distinct ATM service pieces": "non-technical fixes, such as clearing paper jams and card jams," and "cash replenishment" of the ATM machines, i.e., physically loading and unloading cash from the machines. (Continental Ex.*fn2 50) While Diebold itself performed the nontechnical fixes, it subcontracted out to armored car carriers the cash handling portion of the Fastline service.
The loss at issue in this case has its origins with one of Diebold's subcontractors, Tri-State Armored Services, Inc. ("TSA"). Several TSA employees, including Barry Chesla, TSA's CEO and secretary, and William Mottin, TSA's president and treasurer, were convicted of various criminal charges in connection with TSA's mishandling of bank customers' cash. In a related suit, the Bankruptcy Court found that [f]rom the commencement of Tri-State's business in October 1997 through on or about March 1, 2001, when Tri-State closed its doors and terminated operations, Tri-State never made a profit. . . . The company routinely comingled the funds of the various financial institutions which it served, both in its wire account and its cash vault. Funds from one bank would routinely be used to service the ATMs of another bank. . . . . . . Within a month of its formation, the company began to make unauthorized 'borrowings' from its wire account and cash vault to pay operating expenses, notwithstanding the fact that the money belonged exclusively to customers and was required to be used only to replenish ATM machines.
Great American Ins. Cos. v. Ch. 7 Trustee (In re: Tri-State Armored Services, Inc.) , 332 B.R. 690, 699-700 (Bankr. D.N.J. 2005).*fn3
Diebold and Continental
Diebold's contracts with its bank customers stated that Diebold would not be liable for losses caused by its armored carriers while money is in transit or at the carrier's vault. (See, e.g., Continental Ex. 3) But Diebold nevertheless made the business decision to compensate its customers, in the form of deferred receivables and product credits, for losses caused by TSA. (Continental Ex. 50; Fortune Affidavit ¶¶ 14-15)*fn4
Diebold first sought to recover its loss from TSA's insurer, Great American Insurance Companies. However, Great American succeeded in its lawsuit to rescind TSA's insurance on the basis of equitable fraud. See Great Am. Ins. Cos., 366 B.R. at 332.
Diebold now seeks to recover its losses from Continental under the parties' Commercial Crime Policy.
The insurance policy states, in relevant part, This company shall be liable for direct loss of Money . . . caused by . . . disappearance or Theft while . . . in the care and custody of an armored vehicle company. . . .
This bond applies to actual or potential loss discovered by an Insured during the Policy Period. Discovery occurs when the Risk Management Department of the Insured . . . first becomes aware of facts which would cause a reasonable person to assume that a loss of a type covered by this bond, without regard to the amount[,] has been or will be incurred, regardless of when the acts or acts causing or contributing to such loss occurred, even though the exact amount or details of loss may not then be known. This includes receipt of notice of an actual or potential claim in which it is alleged that an Insured is liable to a third party under circumstances which, if true, would constitute a loss under this bond. There is no coverage under this bond for any loss caused by a wrongdoer after discovery of an actual or potential loss caused by that wrongdoer. (Amend. Compl. Ex. A)
Diebold filed its Proof of Loss with Continental on March 6, 2007 (three days after this Court affirmed the Bankruptcy Court's decision in Great American ) asserting that it discovered the TSA loss on March 2, 2001 (i.e., the day TSA filed for bankruptcy). Diebold seeks to recover approximately $5.8 million dollars from Continental.*fn5
Facts and circumstances in the years prior to March 2, 2001
The documentary record demonstrates that large "shortages" or "out-of-balance" conditions arose with ATMs serviced by TSA as early as 1998.*fn6 On January 20, 1998, Sharonview Federal Credit Union wrote to Diebold regarding "Cash Shortage-- New Jersey Cash Dispensers." (Continental Ex. 22) The letter stated, "Diebold should reimburse Sharonview Federal Credit Union . . . $102,075.00 currently being held by [TSA] as a direct result of funds removed by them from Sharonview's Cash Dispensers, from the period August 1, 1997 - December 31, 1997." (Id.) There is no evidence in the record regarding how this claim was resolved.
Then on March 31, 1998, Sharonview wrote to TSA President William Mottin (carbon copying three Diebold managers) concerning a "serious problem with our cash account currently serviced by [TSA]." (Continental Ex. 23) The letter went on to request TSA's payment of $32,075.00, which, the letter indicates, TSA agreed was is its possession, and requested TSA's cooperation in locating $68,540.00 in "unaccounted funds." (Id.) The letter also stated that Sharonview was "very concerned about the delay that has occurred in the resolution of this matter." (Id.) There is no evidence in the record about whether this letter was related to the previous Sharonview letter. There is also no evidence in the record concerning the resolution of this claim.
In 1999, the problems with TSA continued.
On April 22, 1999, Automated Technology Machines Incorporated ("ATMi") wrote to both TSA and Diebold formally requesting reimbursement of $4,400.00. (Continental 2 Ex.*fn7 13) The letter states, "[TSA] cannot provide ATMi with any balancing receipts from the ATM . . . . Therefore, we cannot determine if there is a discrepancy in the ATM totals." (Id.) There is no evidence in the record concerning the resolution of this claim.
On May 12, 1999, NIH Federal Credit Union wrote to Diebold concerning "several unexplained settlement differences" occurring in ATMs serviced by TSA. (Continental Ex. 26) The letter reported that NIH met with TSA to discuss the differences, that TSA returned $27,240.00 to NIH and agreed that an additional $13,975.00 was "their responsibility." (Id.) NIH also requested that Diebold reimburse them $67,420.00 for other "differences" that TSA claimed were Diebold's responsibility. (Id.)
Just a month later, on June 15, 1999, NIH wrote Diebold again about "several unexplained settlement differences [that] continue to occur." (Continental Ex. 27) The letter stated, [s]ince [our May 12, 1999 letter] we have 3 additional large shortages. . . . Previously reported shortages of $67,420.00 bring the total shortage to $119,570.00! We expect to see immediate action on this issue! . . . We have taken all necessary means to research these differences. Please consider this a claim for shortages as described above. (Id.) (boldface type in original).
Jack Fortune responded to these letters on July 1, 1999: Your letters of 5-12-99 and 6-15-99 regarding ATM shortages have been referred to me for reply and action.
As we discussed during our telephone conversation yesterday, Diebold and Tri-State are actively investigating the shortage claims detailed in your letters. Ms. Debra Ward, Fastline Manager in Charlotte, will have primary responsibility for the investigation. In support of her efforts, in addition to her immediate staff, Diebold will employ the services of an outside investigator from Chicago. . . .
I stated in our conversation that Diebold will send a check to you for all of the 1999 claims within 10 days. This amounts to $81,860. . . . (Continental Ex. 28)
Also during 1999, Diebold reimbursed four banks for shortages caused by TSA:
C On October 8, 1999, Jack Fortune approved a $950.00 check to Crestar Bank. (Continental 2 Ex. 27) The accompanying memorandum explains, "Diebold . . . attempted to have [TSA] send a check directly to [Crestar]. [TSA] is responsible for cash replenishment and deposits. Due to the delay waiting for [TSA] to act, [Diebold is] going to send the customer a check and deduct from the [TSA] invoice." (Id.)*fn8
$170.00 check to Fredericksburg Savings Bank for "Reimbursement For [TSA's] Error." (Continental Ex. 40)
C On November 12, 1999, Jack Fortune approved a
C On October 25, 1999, Jack Fortune approved a $2,380.00 check to One Valley Bank for "Cash shortage[s] on ATMs" that occurred from January, 1999 through July, 1999. (Continental Ex. 41) The internal memorandum accompanying the check request reads, "[p]lease approve the attached check request in the amount of $2,380.00. . . . The cash vendor, [TSA], has reimbursed One Valley for $1,600. I am planning to recover at least half if not all of the $2,380 from [TSA]." (Id.) C On December 27, 1999, Diebold wrote to National Bank of Sussex County verifying that an ATM shortage of $800 did exist for the period March 22, 1999 through June 26, 1999. (Continental Ex. 36) Fastline Operations Manager Arben Arifaj wrote, "I will request that a check be sent to you . . . to reimburse your organization for the loss. For your information, we have not discovered any unauthorized entry to the ATM, so that Diebold in turn will send a claim to our vendor, [TSA]." (Id.)
Complaints from banks continued in 2000. On February 2, 2000, Maryland Permanent Bank wrote to Diebold about the "numerous problems" the bank experienced with TSA. (Continental 2 Ex. 14) The bank's Vice President wrote, "I have never dealt with such an incompetent and inept group of people. What concerns me most is taking [TSA's] word for many of the shortages." (Id.)
Then, according to Diebold's own internal memorandum,*fn9 "[s]torm clouds began gathering over [TSA] in May of 2000." (Continental Ex. 50)
On May 5, 2000, Philadelphia Federal Credit Union ("PFCU") wrote to Diebold with a "detailed list of continuous [TSA] errors" beginning in 1999 and continuing apparently unremedied, to the present. (Continental 2 Ex. 9) Those repeated errors included missing deposit envelopes and missing or erroneous settlement paperwork. (Id.) Arben Arifaj forwarded PFCU's letter to Bill Mottin at TSA, writing, "[e]ven if 20% of their comments are accurate, there are problems here." (Id.)
Then on May 31, 2000, the FBI contacted Arben Arifaj concerning their investigation of Barry Chesla. (Continental Ex. 44) That same day, Arifaj wrote Jack Fortune an email: It appears that the FBI has been performing an extensive investigation on M. Barry Chesla. . . . In their visit to [TSA's] Ligonnier [Pennsylvania] facility they did interview several [TSA] employees and according to the agent-- they were made aware of some serious lapse [sic] in control.
When specifically asked about Bill Mottin, [TSA's] principal stake owner, [the agent] specifically stated that they did not have any case built against him at this time. It appears that this investigation was part of the*fn10 investigation that I made you aware of last October.
An alarming item is that the agent mentioned that there is a rough sum of about $2-5 mln [sic] dollars that they feel may have been taken by Mr. Chesla-- however-- they are not clear about the source of the funds, etc.
By coincidence I am at [TSA's] Liggonier facility tomorrow and I will be performing our annual audit. However the agent had suggested an actual cash audit (not only Liggonier, but the other facilities as well). Since most of [TSA's] accounts are done on a wire basis this complicates the issue severely.
By this email I wanted to make you aware of the situation. I will be calling you tomorrow to discuss this matter further so that we can take some more progressive steps. (Continental Ex. 44)
Then on July 10, 2000, Jack Fortune approved a $31,000.00 check to SunTrust Bank for "TriStates [sic] Shortages-- 1999." (Continental Ex. 30) The accompanying internal memo states, "[p]lease approve the attached check request for SunTrust Bank in the amount of $31000.00. My intentions are to withhold this sum from the [TSA] invoice payment as I had discussed with you on June 23. This amount represents 2/3 of the remaining outages for 1999. . . ." (Id.)
SunTrust continued having problems with TSA in 2000. Twice in July, 2000, SunTrust wrote to Diebold detailing out-of-balance conditions that occurred in over 20 TSA-serviced ATMs in May and June, 2000. (Continental Exs. 29, 30) The total amount of cash at issue was $717,680. (Id.)
On August 23, 2000, the FBI held a teleconference with Diebold. (Continental Ex. 45) George Kula's*fn11 handwritten notes from that teleconference recorded the following:
C "an ongoing investigation by the FBI and IRS turned up some indication of internal embezzlement at [TSA] that could exceed $15- 16 million since 1997"
C "[TSA] has never made money in its history.
The embezzlement was to support the operating expenses of the business." C "[FBI agent] Steve [Francke] needs a loss established, banks are not complaining-- he has no victim."
Five days later, on August 28, 2000, Diebold service representatives met with First Citizens Bank to "verbally recommend a move away from [TSA] based on our suspicions and an FBI investigation." (Continental Ex. 49)
On August 29, 2000, the FBI met with Diebold again, this time with Assistant United States Attorney Dennis Kissane. (Continental Ex. 46) Kula's sparse notes from that meeting include the following:
C "In Grand Jury-- some info not shared" C "'loan from vault' as liability on B/S*fn12 "
C "vault shortfall-- we maybe [sic] victims but we cannot reconcile. Could we balance all 62 customers simultaneously[?]"
C "Bad Signs-- one pool of cash[;] instances where wires back have not been timely"
C "our plan should be to move customers away from [TSA]"
(Continental Ex. 46)
A.U.S.A. Kissane recorded his recollection of this meeting in a letter:
A meeting was held on August 29, 2000 at the FBI office in Atlantic City, New Jersey between representatives of Diebold, three FBI and IRS/CI agents from Pittsburgh and FBI agents from Atlantic City. At that time the investigators' concerns about embezzlement at [TSA] were strongly stated, and Diebold again was requested to conduct an audit .
Diebold's responses to the information were:
(a) to emphasize the great difficulty of conducting an audit of [TSA] because [TSA] had numerous other non-Diebold customers . . . ; and (b) a second response was to begin to not renew ATM servicing contracts with [TSA] and to gradually transition Diebold customers away from [TSA] for ATM servicing. (Continental Ex. 47)
Just two days after the FBI meeting in Atlantic City, Jack Fortune requested*fn13 a $129,820.00 check to First Union National Bank. (Continental 2 Ex. 33) Fortune's handwritten note accompanying the request reads, "It absolutely was an inside job. Either a Diebold or [TSA] employee (or former employee) stole the money [from the ATM in Limerick, Pennsylvania.] The investigation is ongoing, but First Union is tired of waiting and wants their money now. [TSA] is splitting, so our actual loss is 65K." (Id.)
On August 31, 2000, William Mottin stepped down as TSA's President, although he remained an employee of the company. In re Tri-State , 332 B.R. at 702.
During September, 2000, amid Diebold's "growing concerns," Diebold continued to move its customers away from TSA. (Continental Ex. 50)
In October, 2000, Diebold received a subpoena from the FBI requesting copies of contracts between Diebold and its customers using TSA from September, 1997 forward. (Continental Ex. 50)
That same month, Jack Fortune also approved a $3,475.00 check to Sandy Spring National Bank of Maryland. (Continental 2 Ex. 25) It may be inferred that TSA was determined to be responsible for the shortage, as it paid Diebold $3,475.00 for "Sandy Spring National Loss Compensation." (Id.)
On November 6 and 7, 2000, Diebold and First Union National Bank*fn14 jointly conducted an audit of TSA's vault in Hammonton, New Jersey. (Continental Ex. 51) On November 6, 2000, the audit revealed that $721,150.00 was missing from First Union's segregated cash vault. (Id.) When Diebold and First Union returned the next day, TSA had identified the missing money. An internal Diebold report states,
[TSA's] explanation was that the Fed delivery on Monday, 11/6/00, was late in coming and the vault had been in a hurry and had 'mixed up' the funds. Again appearances would lead all to believe that First Union funds were used to load other institutions [ATM] canisters and the money returned to First Union's inventory after the Fed delivery.
In December, 2000, Diebold approved two more reimbursements to customers claiming losses caused by TSA:
approved a $11,200.00 check to Summit Bank. (Continental Ex. 37) The accompanying email states, "[t]he cash handler, [TSA], will be held responsible for 100% of the reimbursement amount due to the circumstances of each claim." (Id.) C Jack Fortune approved a $4160.00 check to Atlantic Bank in connection with "missing funds" at an ATM location where TSA transported the bank deposits. (Continental Ex. 38) The accompanying email states that half of the $4160.00 will be withheld from TSA's invoices. (Id.)
F & M Bank also wrote to Diebold in December, 2000, about TSA's "pattern of poor service and shoddy workmanship" including improper balancing of ATM machines and out-of-balance conditions of $3,280 and $500. (Continental 2 Ex. 15)
In January, 2001, United National Bank wrote to TSA (carbon copying Diebold) detailing numerous ATM settlement problems from November, 2000, to the present, including a $15,880.00 settlement difference for the period November 16, 2000 through December 14, 2000. (Continental Ex. 39)
On February 9, 2001, Michael Dowling, Diebold's Regional Service Manager wrote an extensive letter to TSA regarding "extremely important customer issues that require immediate
C Jack Fortune*fn15 attention and action." (Continental Ex. 43) The letter details complaints from M&T Bank, United National Bank, SummitBank and Ocean City Home Bank regarding missing wire transfers and vault mismanagement. (Id.) The letter also references the potential for "legal action" taken by United National Bank and Ocean City Home Bank. (Id.)
Finally, on February 26, 2001, Diebold "fired" TSA (Continental Ex. 50), and on March 2, 2001, TSA filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition.
The instant suit Diebold's Amended Complaint asserts six counts: (1) declaratory judgment that the TSA loss is covered under the Commercial Crime Policy; (2) breach of contract; (3) breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing / bad faith; (4) breach of fiduciary duty; (5) reformation of contract; and (6) "misrepresentation." The Court's prior opinion and order deciding Continental's Motion to Dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) merged Counts 3 and 4 into one claim, and dismissed Count 6 to the extent that it asserts a claim for negligent misrepresentation. See Diebold, Inc. v. Continental Casualty Co. , No. 07-1991, 2008 WL 1372948 (D.N.J. April 10, 2010).
Among other things, both parties move for summary judgment on the issue of whether the discovery clause of the Commercial Crime Policy quoted supra at page 4, precludes coverage.
Continental also moves for summary judgment on Diebold's bad faith claim. Because the Court will grant Continental's Motion with respect to these two issues, the Court need not reach the other issues raised by the pending motions.*fn16
"[S]ummary judgment is proper 'if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.'" Celotex Corp. v. Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)). In deciding a motion for summary judgment, the Court must construe the facts and inferences in a light most favorable to the non-moving party. Pollock v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Long Lines , 794 F.2d 860, 864 (3d Cir. 1986). The role of the Court is not "to weigh the evidence and determine the truth of the matter, but to determine whether there is a genuine issue for trial." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. , 477 U.S. 242, 249 (1986).
The summary judgment standard is not affected when the parties file cross-motions for summary judgment. See Appelmans v. City of Phila. , 826 F.2d 214, 216 (3d Cir. 1987). Such motions "'are no more than a claim by each side that it alone is entitled to summary judgment, and the making of such inherently contradictory claims does not constitute an agreement that if one is rejected the other is necessarily justified or that the losing party waives judicial consideration and determination whether genuine issues of material fact exist.'" Transportes Ferreos de Venez. II CA v. NKK Corp. , 239 F.3d 555, 560 (3d Cir. 2001) (quoting Rains v. Cascade Indus., Inc. , 402 F.2d 241, 245 (3d Cir. 1968)). If after review of cross-motions for summary judgment the record reveals no genuine issues of material fact, then judgment will be entered in favor of the deserving party in light of the law and undisputed facts. Iberia Foods Corp. v. Romeo , 150 F.3d 298, 302 (3d Cir. 1998).
Continental argues that Diebold is not entitled to coverage because all of the "Claimed Funds"-- the money Diebold identified in its Proof of Loss (Continental Ex. 1)-- came into TSA's possession after Diebold "discovered" an actual or potential loss caused by TSA. The relevant portion of the Policy reads: "[t]here is no coverage under this bond for any loss caused by a wrongdoer after discovery of an actual or potential loss caused by that wrongdoer." (Amend. Compl. Ex. 1) "This bond applies to actual or potential loss discovered by an Insured during the Policy Period. Discovery occurs when the Risk Management Department of the Insured . . . first becomes aware of facts which would cause a reasonable person to assume that a loss . . . has been or will be incurred . . . even though the exact amount or details of loss may not then be known." (Id.)
Three sub-issues are raised. First, when did the Claimed Funds come into TSA's possession? Second, when did "the Insured first become aware of facts that would cause a reasonable person to assume that a loss . . . has been or will be incurred"? Third, which Diebold employees are encompassed by the term "Risk Management Department," as that term is used in the Policy? Each issue is addressed in turn.*fn17
To understand the issue with regard to when the Claimed Funds came into TSA's possession, a brief explanation of Diebold's Proof of Loss is in order. Diebold constructed its Proof of Loss from the proofs of claim its bank customers filed in TSA's bankruptcy case. As Diebold's Proof of Loss clearly sets forth, Diebold seeks to recover the difference between each bank's claimed loss and the amount each bank received through the bankruptcy.*fn18
No one seeks to relitigate that issue at summary judgment. Because the choice of law analysis is issue-specific, it is possible for the Court to rule that Illinois or Ohio law applies to the issues raised on summary judgment. However, the same considerations supporting the Court's prior ruling are relevant to the choice of law issue presented here. Nothing in the record indicates that either Ohio or Illinois have any other connection to this case other than being the places where the parties negotiated the insurance contract. Nothing in the record indicates that either Ohio or Illinois could possibly be the principal location of the insured risk. See Diebold, 2008 WL 2645471 at *2 ("'the law of the principal location of the risk governs unless another state has a more significant relationship;'" quoting Pfizer, Inc. v. Employers Insurance of Wausau, 154 N.J. 187, 190 (1998)).
Also, Continental argues for applying Ohio or Illinois law without identifying any specific conflict between the law of those states and the law of New Jersey. When the parties do not argue that a conflict exists, or the Court determines that no true conflict exists, New Jersey courts apply New Jersey law. See Curtis T. Bedwell and Sons, Inc. v. Geppert Bros., Inc., 655 A.2d 483, 395 (App. Div. 1995). Accordingly, following Geppert Bros., the law of the forum applies.
Nineteen individual banks are listed on the Proof of Loss. With respect to 15, the corresponding proof of claim and supporting documentation identify the date the claimed debt was incurred, i.e., when TSA came to possess the claimed funds.
Susquehanna Bancshares, Inc.'s proof of claim is a simple example. (See Continental Ex. 3) On the bankruptcy court's standard proof of claim form, box number 2 is entitled "Date debt was incurred." Susquehanna wrote "February 2001" in box 2. Its supporting documentation demonstrates that on February 20, 2001 and February 23, 2001, TSA collected, but never returned, $111,860.00 and $23,530.00 respectively, from two of Susquehanna's ATMs. Similarly, on February 23, 2001, Susquehanna sent a $256,000.00 wire to TSA but the cash was never loaded into the designated ATM. Thus, Susquehanna filed its proof of claim for $391,390.00 ($111,860.00 $23,530.00 $256,000.00).*fn19
Of the 15 proofs of claim that identify the date TSA came to possess the claimed funds, First Citizens Bank's proof of claim bears the earliest date: October, 2000. (Continental Ex. 3)*fn20 Four of the 19 banks listed on the Proof of Loss, however, did not specify a date when their claimed debt was incurred. For example, box 2 of Fleet National Bank's proof of claim reads, "[a]ctual date of theft unknown, discovered approximately February, 2001." (Continental Ex. 3)
With respect to all 19 banks, Diebold argues that Continental has put forth no admissible evidence of when the banks' funds came into TSA's possession, therefore summary judgment must be denied on Continental's discovery affirmative defense. The Court disagrees.
With respect to the 15 banks that did identify a date when TSA's debt was incurred, the proofs of claim themselves are arguably inadmissible hearsay.*fn21 However, when Diebold constructed its own Proof of Loss based on the information the banks provided in their proofs of claim, it effectively adopted as true the information contained in the proofs of claims.*fn22
After relying on such information, and submitting it to Continental in support of its Proof of Loss, Diebold cannot now argue that Continental is precluded from relying on the information included in the proofs of claim.
With respect to the four banks for which loss dates cannot be determined, a different problem is presented. Diebold is correct that, as to these four banks, there is no record evidence as to when the Claimed Funds came into TSA's possession. Diebold further argues that because Continental has the burden of proof on this issue, and because it has failed to produce any evidence in this regard, Continental's motion for summary judgment must be denied. The flaw in Diebold's reasoning however, lies in confounding the burden of persuasion with the burden of producing evidence (also called the burden of going forward).
The burden of persuasion is "a party's duty to convince the fact-finder to view the facts in a way that favors that party." Black's Law Dictionary (8 th Ed. 2004). The burden of production is "a party's duty to introduce enough evidence on an issue to have the issue decided by the fact-finder, rather than decided against a party in a peremptory ruling such as summary judgment." Id. Stated another way, "[t]he burden of production is the obligation to make a prima facie case, i.e., to introduce evidence sufficient as a matter of law to enable a rational fact finder to find that particular proposition of fact is true." Corpus Juris Secundum, Evidence § 189. Thus, "[t]he burden of persuasion becomes a crucial factor only if the parties have sustained their burdens of producing evidence." 2 McCormick on Evidence § 336 (6 th Ed.)
The Court concludes that based on the particular facts of this case, and New Jersey law, the burden of production with regard to the timing of TSA's possession of the Claimed Funds is most appropriately placed on Diebold.
The New Jersey Supreme Court's decision in Griggs v. Bertram , 88 N.J. 347 (1982) provides guidance. In Griggs , the insured settled a lawsuit without the participation of his insurance company, who had wrongfully disclaimed liability coverage. 88 N.J. at 365.*fn23 The insurer argued that it should not be liable for the settlement amount because the settlement was unreasonable and made in bad faith. Id. The trial court held, and the Appellate Division agreed, that the insurer had both the burden of persuasion and the burden of production as to the unreasonableness of the settlement. Id. The Supreme Court reversed an remanded on this issue, explaining,
In approaching the [burden of proof] inquiry, great weight must be placed upon the character of an insurance policy as a contract of adhesion. . . . It is equally important to emphasize that an insurance contract is preeminently one of the utmost good faith. Since we are dealing with rights that derive from a contract of adhesion, which the insurer, as the dominant party, must honor as a fiduciary, it is entirely appropriate that the ultimate burden of persuasion should rest with the insurer. . . .
That does not mean, however, that it is fair or practical to require the carrier also to assume the burden of producing evidence. The insured would have had control of the [underlying] case and the opportunity for discovery as to all essential information. The circumstances surrounding the settlement and the operative evidential facts as to its reasonableness and good faith are known to the insured. Knowledge of these facts and circumstances would not ordinarily be in the possession of the carrier, which was not a participant in the settlement negotiations. Thus, the insured, without undue hardship or fundamental inequity, can best marshall the basic facts relating to the settlement. Further, requiring the insured initially to produce proofs concerning the settlement gives the insured the procedural incentive to identify the critical issues and relevant evidence. It will apprise the insurer of the nature of the insured's claim and will remove speculation or guess work as to what will be material in terms of the reasonableness and fairness of the settlement. To the extent that the relevant issues are established and clarified and material evidence is adduced, both parties stand to benefit. Additionally placing the initial burden of production on the insured will adequately serve to protect the carrier from having to pay a settlement reached through collusion between the insured and the injured third party or which is otherwise unreasonable and the product of bad faith.
By imposing upon the insured the burden of production or going forward with relevant evidence, a settlement which the insured has not shown by the initial production of proof to be prima facie reasonable in amount and untainted by bad faith would, of course, be unenforceable. Since, however, the insurer by its unfair dealing has imposed upon the insured the full burden of protecting [his] own interests and has placed [him] in the difficult predicament of attempting on [his] own to secure the benefits of insurance under the policy, the insurer should not be freed from the ultimate responsibility to pay. It should, therefore, be required to sustain the ultimate and major burden of demonstrating, by a preponderance of the evidence, that it is not liable because the settlement is neither reasonable nor reached in good faith.
We therefore hold that a settlement may be enforced against an insurer in this situation only if it is reasonable in amount and entered into in good faith. The initial burden of going forward with proofs of these elements rests upon the insured and the ultimate burden of persuasion as to these elements is the responsibility of the insurer. This rule reasonably accommodates and compromises the competing interests of the parties and considerations of public policy. Griggs, 88 N.J. 347, 367-68 (1982).
In this case, the parties agree, and the Court agrees, that the burden of persuasion properly rests with Continental to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that there is no coverage under the last sentence of the Commercial Crime Policy's discovery clause.
However, with respect to the issue of when the Claimed Funds came into TSA's possession, Griggs' reasoning supports placing the initial burden of production on Diebold. Just as the insured, and not the insurer, would have knowledge of the facts and circumstances surrounding settlement negotiations in Griggs , in this case, Diebold is far more likely to know, or have superior access to, facts relevant to when TSA came to possess the Claimed Funds. Indeed, Diebold's own forensic accounting expert in this case, Alfed Giuliano, was the same expert to TSA's Chapter 7 Trustee and was also retained as an expert in TSA's suit against its insurer, Great American. (Diebold Ex. RR) Further, even without Mr. Guiliano, Diebold is in a better position to get information from its own clients, the banks, as to when money was wired to TSA or when shortages occurred.*fn24
Continental, on the other hand, would not have nearly the same access to relevant information. Therefore, just as the New Jersey Supreme Court in Griggs concluded that placing the burden of production on the insured would not cause undue hardship or fundamental inequity, this Court concludes the same in this case.*fn25
Because the initial burden of production belongs to Diebold, in opposing Continental's Motion for Summary Judgment, Diebold cannot merely rely on the absence of record evidence as to loss dates for the remaining four banks. In order to avoid summary judgment, Diebold must at least make a prima facie showing that the loss dates occurred before the operative discovery date. It has not done so.
In summary, with respect to the dates when the Claimed Funds came into TSA's possession, the Court concludes: (1) as to the 15 banks for which the record provides loss dates, that evidence is admissible; and (2) as to the 4 banks for which there is no record evidence regarding a loss date, Continental's Motion for Summary Judgment does not fail for lack of evidence (and Diebold's Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment does fail) because Diebold bears the initial burden of production on this issue.
Of the Claimed Funds, the earliest loss established by the record is the First Citizen's Bank loss, which occurred in October, 2000. Thus, October, 2000 becomes the operative date for the discovery analysis: prior to October, 2000, was Diebold aware of sufficient facts that would cause a reasonable person to assume that a covered loss had occurred? Based on the factual record, a factfinder could only answer, "yes."
Diebold met with the FBI twice in August, 2000. The record is clear about the information that was given to Diebold at that time. Contrary to Diebold's assertions, the FBI provided sufficient information from which to conclude that the FBI's investigation was not solely limited to Barry Chesla. Indeed, multiple documents in the record only support the conclusion that the FBI made Diebold aware that it might be a "victim" of TSA's "internal embezzlement" and Diebold was strongly urged to conduct an audit. (See Continental Ex. 46, 47) George Kula's notes leave no doubt; the FBI told Diebold that they had reason to believe that TSA was taking "loans" from its cash vault to support its failing business.
Even after the first of the FBI meetings, Diebold began to move its customers away from TSA "based on [its] suspicions and an FBI investigation." (Continental Ex. 49) And Diebold continued to move its customers away from TSA through September, 2000.
Moreover, by August, 2000, Diebold had already reimbursed two of its customers, NIH Federal Credit Union and SunTrust Bank, for three atypically large out-of-balance conditions*fn26 , and reimbursed four other banks for out-of-balance conditions connected to TSA.
Thus, the information Diebold received from the FBI in August, 2000, combined with what Diebold already knew with regard to bank reimbursements-- could only lead a reasonable person to conclude that a potential loss had been or would be incurred. A reasonable factfinder could only conclude that Diebold "discovered" the TSA loss prior to October, 2000.
Diebold strenuously argues that all of the above is irrelevant because the parties do not dispute that Mark Tucker, Diebold's Director of Risk Management (i.e., head of the "Risk Management Department") was not contemporaneously aware of the FBI meetings or the reimbursements. More to the point, Diebold argues that Jack Fortune, who attended at least one of the August, 2000 FBI meetings and approved the reimbursements, is not part of Diebold's "Risk Management Department" as that term is used in the Commercial Crime Policy. The Court is unpersuaded by this argument.
It is undisputed that Jack Fortune's formal title during the relevant time period was Manager of Risk Analysis. It is also undisputed that Fortune was in the Service Department, not the Risk Management Department. However, the factual record is clear that Fortune, not Tucker, was the person responsible for analyzing risk as it related to the Fastline Service.
With respect to the creation of Fortune's position, Tucker testified, [t]o explain Jack's function, when we started into [the cash replenishment component of the Fastline Service] I worked with management and others within Diebold to protect Diebold's exposures from a risk standpoint. That was going to require somebody on a full-time basis within the operation to carry forward those protections, precautions and to make sure that we are minimizing the risk of those losses. That's when they brought Jack Fortune into the service operations to help manage their risk from these cash losses. . . .
He was managing the risk of . . . the [Fastline] service, based on criteria we set up. (Tucker Dep. at p. 86)
Tucker's testimony also demonstrates the practical division of responsibility between himself and Fortune:
Q: The relationship between Diebold and [the cash handler] subcontractors, was that memorialized in a written contract?
A: Typically that's a question for Jack Fortune. He is the one who managed that side of things.
Q: Are you familiar with the standard contract service agreement you use in connection with cash handlers?
A: I'm knowledgeable of some mechanism that Jack
Fortune is using, but that's a Jack Fortune issue.
Q: In your view of risk manager of Diebold, are the contractual provisions between you and your customers part of the risk management strategy that the company employs?
A: No. From a business standpoint, Jack Fortune would be working with management and legal to deal with the issues of the cash handlers. My efforts, from a risk management and a risk control standpoint, is [sic] to make sure that [the cash handlers] are following some guidelines to make sure that there is not a high . . . opportunity for loss to occur. . . .
So my risk management role would be in a broader scale , to make sure that we are using cash handlers with wherewithal and risk management techniques to prevent the loss or minimize the risk of loss. . . . (Tucker Dep. at p. 39-41) (emphasis added).
Moreover, the documentary evidence demonstrates that Fortune was the individual responsible (or jointly responsible) for authorizing reimbursements to Diebold's bank customers. He, not Mark Tucker, was also the person responsible for drafting a comprehensive memorandum to Diebold's senior management detailing the events and circumstances leading up to Diebold firing TSA and TSA's bankruptcy. (See Continental Ex. 50)
Based on these facts, to hold that Diebold may avoid the discovery clause merely because Mark Tucker did not contemporaneously know of the facts outlined in Section III. A.
2. supra , when Jack Fortune undisputedly did, would be an absurd result. The Court will not hold Continental's discovery defense meritless based on the mere corporate formality of Jack Fortune, Manager of Risk Analysis for the very service sought to be insured under the Commercial Crime Policy , being placed in Diebold's Service Department rather than the Risk Management Department. Therefore, the Court concludes that the term "Risk Management Department" as used in the Commercial Crime Policy, encompasses Jack Fortune, based on the undisputed facts demonstrating Fortune's function as Manager of Risk Analysis.
Because Diebold does not dispute that Fortune was contemporaneously aware of the facts outlined in Section III. A.
2. supra , the Court holds that Diebold's Risk Management Department was aware of facts that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that a potential loss had been or would be incurred. Accordingly, Continental is entitled to summary judgment on Counts 1 (declaratory judgment) and 2 (breach of contract) of the Amended Complaint based on its "discovery" defense, and Diebold's cross-motion must be denied.
Lastly, Diebold's bad faith claim (merged Counts 3 and 4 of the Amended Complaint) requires only brief discussion. To the extent Diebold's bad faith claim is based on Continental's alleged wrongful denial of coverage, that claim fails because the Court holds that there is no coverage for the TSA loss. However, Diebold's bad faith claim also apparently rests on allegations that Continental: (1) failed to fully investigate the claim; (2) failed to provide Diebold with its "coverage position" until after Diebold filed suit; and (3) has asserted defenses in this suit that it never raised until after litigation began. Diebold asserts that these bad faith claims are, as a matter of law, independent from any coverage dispute. In other words, Diebold argues that it can still prevail on a bad faith claim even though this Court holds that the TSA loss is not covered under the Commercial Crime Policy.
The Court must reject Diebold's argument. "Courts construing New Jersey law have indicated that finding of coverage under the insurance policy is a predicate to a bad faith claim." On Air Entertainment Corp. v. National Indemnity Co. , 210 F.3d 146, 153 n.11 (3d Cir. 2000) (citing Hudson Universal, Ltd. v. Aetna Ins. Co., 987 F. Supp. 337, 342 n.3 (D.N.J. 1997)); see also Robeson Industries Corp. v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. , 178 F.3d 160, 167-69 (3d Cir. 1999) (rejecting insured's argument that "New Jersey law allows for the imposition of tort liability against an insurer for bad faith even when the insured was not entitled to coverage under the policy.").*fn27
Contrary to Diebold's assertions, Pickett v. Lloyd's , 131 N.J. 457 (1993), does not support its bad faith claim insofar as it is independent from the coverage dispute. Pickett's holding, stated at the very outset of the opinion, is clear: "[w]e hold that [New Jersey] law does recognize a [bad faith] cause of action when the failure to pay the policy results from a denial or withholding of benefits for reasons that are not even debatably valid . . . ." Id. at 461 (emphasis added). More succinctly, the Pickett court held that "the law impose[s] on an insurer the duty to act in good faith in paying claims to its insured." Id. at 466 (emphasis added). Pickett simply did not involve a bad faith claim where, as here, there is no coverage under the policy.
While Pickett does broadly state that an insurer has a fiduciary duty of good faith in processing claims, such statements must, of course, be read within the context of the facts of the case, which are materially different from the facts of this case. Perhaps there is a persuasive argument for expanding the fiduciary duty identified in Pickett to encompass a claim for bad faith even in the absence of coverage, but it is not for this Court to make such an expansion, especially in the face of contrary Third Circuit precedent.
Accordingly, Continental is entitled to summary judgment on Diebold's bad faith claim.
For the reasons stated above, Continental's Motion for Summary Judgment on the "discovery" issue will be granted. Diebold's cross-motion on that issue will be denied. Continental's Motion for Summary Judgment on Diebold's bad faith claim will also be granted. The motions for summary judgment on all other issues will be dismissed as moot. The Court will issue an appropriate order.
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