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October 27, 2010
Charlie Chaplin and the cell phone
If you haven't heard already, a guy from Belfast named George Clarke found what appears to be a woman walking down the street and talking on a cell phone in the Charlie Chaplin movie The Circus. The film was made in 1928. Here's the video:
Sure, the woman appears to be holding something in her hand and speaking but Clarke's conclusion that she must be, wait for it, a time traveler seems a bit extreme. She might be laughing while holding a transistor radio, she might be shielding her face from the camera and speaking to the cameraman. It's a cool find but only because it makes us wonder exactly what we're seeing, not because time travel was involved.
UPDATE: Now this guy, that's a time traveler.
ANOTHER UPDATE: Here's a post about George Clarke, who is also a filmmaker, and how he showed this clip to 100 people who all reached the same conclusion: time traveler.
transistors were invented some time in the 50's…
she sure look like speaking into something…but were there people then as likely as now to talk to themselves on the street? I encountered at least two yesterday on the train…Posted by: Tatyana at October 27, 2010 at 9:06 pm
If she's holding a cell phone, and speaking into it, then that means that someone else has a cell phone too. And there are satellites to carry the signal. Etc…
So she's actually more likely to be an alien, than a time traveler.Posted by: Jamie at October 27, 2010 at 10:28 pm
Earache + toothache.Posted by: Shane at October 27, 2010 at 10:32 pm
She's scratching her ear.Posted by: Kevin Walsh at October 28, 2010 at 11:50 pm
Um, she's simply using a walkie-talkie… Remember those?Posted by: Lisa at October 29, 2010 at 2:38 pm
And who/what, exactly, is providing her cell phone service? That would be impressive!Posted by: Vandy at November 1, 2010 at 11:32 pm

subset: commoncrawl


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Mattress Firm to Unveil Air-Conditioned Mattress
Posted on September 23, 2010 by
HOUSTON-Mattress Firm will introduce YuMe, which the specialty retailer has described as the world's first air-conditioned mattress, at the State Fair of Texas tomorrow.
The company developed the mattress in a partnership with Amerigon, a manufacturer of climate-control seating for automobiles and developer of thermoelectric materials. The mattress incorporates the same technology used in luxury autos to heat and cool seats with ambient air. In a statement announcing the new mattress, Mattress Firm noted that sleep experts say temperature plays an important role in proper sleep, although the ideal temperature for good sleep varies from person to person.
The YuMe mattress will be on display at the Mattress Firm booth at the state fair, which will be located in Booth #1 of the Centennial Building in Dallas.
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Video: Color Comes on Strong at High Point Market


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Experimental models of upper urinary tract infections caused by sexually transmitted diseases isolated or in conjunction with non-specific agents
Abstract number: P1930
Loran O., Sinyakova L., Kosova I.
Objectives: Experimental models of low urinary tract infections caused by non-specific agents are known. There are no reports which show the role of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in ethiology of upper urinary tract infections. This study was performed to prove the role of STD in ethiology of urinary tract infections.
Methods: Experimental model of acute pyelonephritis was created on 13 rabbits by ligation of right ureter near urinary bladder with further injecting in ureter cultures of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, E. coli, isolated and in different combinations. The final testing was performed on 3 and 7 days.
Results: Inflammation process in upper urinary tract of experimental animals caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum has the following pathologic characteristics: the presenñe of ballooning degeneration of pelvic epithelium developed in early stages, the absence of intensive granulocytic reaction. Ureaplasma urealyticum realizes its pathogenic properties through membrane destruction with further formation of cell vacuoles and then colliquative necrosis.
The action of Ureaplasma urealyticum in combination with non-specific agents (E. coli) leads to intensive cell permeability and to early and more intensive developing pyoinflammation reaction. The action of Chlamydia trachomatis infection leads to formation of multiple calcified focuses whether its combination with E. coli to primary chronical process formation.
Conclusion: Inflammatory process of upper urinary tract of experimental animals caused by specific agents (Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis) in case of isolating injection leads to primary chronical process and in combination with non-specific agents to early and more intensive pyoinflammation reaction in the animal's kidney.
Session Details
|Session name:
|18th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|Barcelona, Spain
|Presentation type:
|Back to top


text: Of course its cheating because they normally wouldn't use the weapon if they couldn't use a turbo controller. Like MW2 for example, I'll see several people that use the FAL but if they didn't have the turbo controller they wouldn't even attempt to use that weapon because they themselves can't respond fast enough to be able to see the person keep a steady aim while rapidly pushing right trigger. Obviously turbo isn't something that is automatically built into every official licensed controller, you either have to make it yourself, buy it from someone else or a offbrand company.


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|Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute
Joan Rapczynski
Two general rules should be stated regarding the Fourth Amendment. First, since it is unreasonable searches and seizures that are prohibited, the legality of a search is determined by a standard of reasonableness. One example of this rule is the probable cause requirement, which provides that an officer must have probable cause to conduct a search without a warrant. Second, the Fourth Amendment is generally interpreted to require that a warrant be obtained for a search whenever it is practicable to do so.
This unit will investigate pivotal issues surrounding the controversy of search and seizure as they have evolved over the years. The Bill of Rights promises individuals protection against the strong hands of the government. It is the Supreme Court, however, that has made this guarantee a practical, living reality. Often at odds with public opinion and the interests of the powerful, the Supreme Court has woven individual rights into the fabric of American life.
Teachers will find this unit helpful when studying the Bill of Rights. Students will come to understand that there is a delicate balance between the protections guaranteed to citizens under the Fourth Amendment and the protections provided to society from crime. This balance is constantly changing and often reflects the changing values and attitudes of our society, as well as the changing political face of the United States Supreme Court. Supreme Court cases will be studied and students will be challenged to think about the complex questions raised by the need to balance criminal enforcement with the value of privacy and individual freedom. This topic offers many opportunities for involving a class in lively discussions about some of the critical issues of our time.
There will be six objectives in this unit. First, students will be able to trace the development of the Fourth Amendment as well as understand the purposes it serves. Second, students will become aware of the necessary requirements that must be included in a valid search warrant. Third, students will examine the many instances when a legal search may be conducted without a warrant. Fourth, students will understand that automobile searches have proven controversial and in recent years the concept of racial profiling has been examined. Fifth, students will understand the significance of the exclusionary rule. Sixth, students will examine the issue of the right to privacy versus search in the schools.
The general warrant was used in the colonies for the same purposes as it was in England. However, the major goal of general warrants in the colonies was to enforce taxes. In the 1700's with writs in hand, British agents could enter the home or office of a colonist at will. It could be during the day or in the middle of the night. Furthermore, they could seize any items they wished and claim it as evidence. You can imagine how this would anger many of the colonists. While the British claimed they were trying to stop smuggling by American merchants, the colonists argued that such writs violated their basic right to privacy. At this point teachers might lead a discussion with students on the following issue. Courts need to weigh carefully two competing values in deciding cases of search and seizure. On the one side of the scale is the ancient principle of Anglo Saxon law, "Every man's home is his castle." On the other side is the need for authorities to obtain any and all evidence that will help them in solving crimes and bringing criminals to justice. Ask students for their interpretation of the Anglo Saxon principle? Should there be any exceptions to this idea? What exactly do they believe is protected under this principle?
Sixty-three Boston merchants united to oppose the writs. They hired James Otis, a young and famous lawyer as their spokesman. Otis delivered a fiery four- hour plea to the Massachusetts Bay council chamber. He argued very strongly against allowing these writs. He admitted that some search warrants were legal, however, he believed they applied to searches of a particular house for a set purpose by a specific officer. He felt that the writs of assistance did not make such limitations. Otis believed that the writs were too general. With one of these writs an officer could enter private property at will, breaking locks and spreading terror. He was accountable to no one. The writs were not temporary permits-they could be used again and again. This was against "fundamental principles of law," declared Otis, "A man who is quiet, he said, is as secure in his house as a prince in his castle." He went on to state that the "writs of assistance were the worst instrument of arbitrary power," because they put "the liberty of every man in the hands of every officer" (Ratcliffe, 40). Ask students on what grounds did James Otis oppose the writs? Under what conditions did he feel searches were legal? With which of his arguments do you agree? With which do you disagree? If you had been a judge in the 1761 hearing, how would you have ruled? After the discussion is over present students with the actual decision in the writs of assistance case. Tell students that after a long period of indecision the Massachusetts court upheld the writs of assistance. The English Parliament had permitted these writs as an exception in the colonies, to the common law that prevailed at home. The common law at the time in the mother country required specific details for a search warrant. The writs of assistance were one of the sore points that eventually led to the American Revolution. John Adams, one of the important figures of the time, later wrote of Otis' speech: "Then and there the child of Independence was born. The freedom of one's home was essential to personal liberty" (Ratcliffe, 41).
Students should be encouraged to research the life of James Otis. Tell them they should browse through books or encyclopedia articles about him. Then they should use what they have learned to input key words in an electronic library catalog of print and nonprint sources of information. They should begin with an outline or draft. Explain to students that they should concentrate on getting their ideas on paper and organize their research to support the important experiences in the person's life. When they revise they should make sure they have written an introduction that explains the historical importance, a generally organized biography according to a chronological order of Otis' life. They should support all inferences and generalizations with facts as well as write a conclusion that sums up the significance of the person's life. After the written work is completed students might make an oral presentation to the entire class. This assignment may be used for any of the leading figures presented in this unit.
The second part of this objective is to understand the basic purpose of the Fourth Amendment. In order to do this I suggest that the students read the amendment very carefully and then try and use their own words or phrases that they believe are the best substitutes for the language of the amendment. For example, ask students to interpret the first phrase, "The right of persons to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects... Ask students to explain what they think the words in bold mean in the context of the Fourth Amendment. Once they have interpreted the language of the amendment, ask them to use their own words to state what is the purpose of the Fourth Amendment.
Virginian James Madison, a member of the House of Representatives was a staunch supporter of the Constitution and the leader in the effort to draft a Bill of Rights. On June 8, 1788, he introduced a list of proposed amendments to the Constitution. In order to compile a Bill of Rights he thought the states would be more likely to approve, Madison looked to the individual state constitutions for guidance, especially the one in his home state of Virginia. Virginia had been the first state to condemn the general search and arrest warrants. The proposal Madison submitted was almost identical to the words we now know as the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. When the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution, the Fourth Amendment set forth the basic rights of privacy for all Americans. The Fourth amendment has two parts. One requires that searches and seizures be reasonable; the other requires specific warrants be obtained.
Students will become aware of the necessary requirements that must be included in a valid search warrant. American law regards a reasonable search and seizure as one that follows the procurement of a proper warrant. If a valid search warrant is obtained prior to the search, the search will be considered reasonable if the search is conducted according to the warrant A proper warrant must be one issued by a public official-a judge or a magistrate who is clearly empowered to issue warrants. Before a judge issues a warrant, someone, usually a police officer, must testify under oath concerning the facts and information that provide the probable cause or good reason to believe that a search is justified. Probable cause is shown, not by a mere statement that information has been received from a reliable source, but by showing how the information was received and why the person who conveyed the information is to be trusted. The police officers must show what they expect to find as a result of the search. There must be probable cause to believe that a crime is being carried out on the premises in question, and the evidence found there would prove the crime. If probable cause is based on information from an informer, the police officer must demonstrate that both the informer and the information provided are reliable (Aguilar v. Texas, 1964).
The sworn statement of facts and circumstances is known as an affidavit. Once a judge issues a search warrant, the warrant must be executed within a limited period of time. Also, in many states a search warrant must be carried out in the daytime unless the warrant expressly states otherwise. Finally, a search warrant does not necessarily authorize a general search of everything in a specified place. For example, if a warrant were issued to search for stolen appliances, it would not be reasonable to look for them in a person's dresser drawers.
At this point I would ask students to describe what they consider to be probable cause. I would remind them that there is no exact formula for determining probable cause. Police must use their own judgment as to what is reasonable under the circumstances of each case. Tell students that it must be more than a hunch. Teachers might divide the class into groups and have them brainstorm their ideas by creating scenarios on what would constitute probable cause for a valid search warrant. Have one student play the role of a judge and the other students play the role of police officers trying to convince the judge to issue a warrant.
Students will examine the many instances when a legal search may be conducted without a warrant. The United States courts have ruled that there are instances when search warrants are not needed. There are a number of situations when searches may be legally conducted without a warrant. The most common exception to the warrant requirement is to search at the time of a lawful arrest. The key word here is lawful, for if the search is to be upheld, it is necessary to have a legal arrest; that is, one that has probable cause. This allows the police to locate any hidden weapons or evidence that might be destroyed. The Supreme Court regards this invasion of privacy as reasonable for two reasons. First, a police officer, for his or her own protection must discover if the prisoner is armed with a deadly weapon and second, it may be necessary to prevent the prisoner from disposing of evidence under his or her immediate control (Agnello v. United States, 1925).
For a more extensive search, a warrant is required. In the 1969 case of Chimel v. California the Court severely tightened the standards under which the police may conduct warrantless searches following arrests. On September 13, 1965, three police officers arrived at the home of Mr. Chimel. The police had a warrant for his arrest for burglarizing a coin shop. When the police arrived the wife of the accused admitted them into the house and told the police her husband was not at home. After fifteen minutes Mr. Chimel arrived .The police then proceeded to arrest him and then proceeded to search his entire three-bedroom house. They had no search warrant to conduct such an extensive search. Remind students that at the time of a lawful arrest police have the right to search the arrestee and the immediate area he or she is in. During this extensive search they seized coins and other evidence that was later used against him at the trial. This case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court on the basis that an illegal search had been conducted. The Supreme Court sided with Mr. Chimel and stated that although the police were justified in searching Mr. Chimel and the immediate area at the time of the arrest, there was no justification for "routinely searching any room other than that in which an arrest took place, or for that matter searching all the desk drawers or other closed or concealed areas in the room itself. Such searches may be made only under the authority of a search warrant..." (Chimel v. California, 1969). The court concluded that evidence against Mr. Chimel had been illegally claimed and could not be used in court. This case struck a new balance between an individual's right to privacy and the police officer's need to conduct a search. Teachers might present students with the facts of this case and not give them the majority decision until they had discussed how they would have decided if they were Supreme Court justices stating the majority opinion.
A second case that I found interesting was United States v. Robinson, 1973. Here the Court ruled that when the police make a lawful arrest by taking a person into custody, a full body search incident to that arrest was permissible. Mr. Robinson was stopped by the police for a traffic violation. Police found marijuana on the accused after he had been arrested and taken into custody for driving without a license. The Court rejected the argument that since there was no evidence to be protected in connection with a license violation, the search should have been limited to the self-defensive pat down search conducted in Terry v. Ohio, 1968. Teachers might wish to present students with the complete facts of this case and have students argue both sides.
Further examination of the stop and frisk procedure may be examined through the case Terry v. Ohio. In this case the Supreme Court held that the police practice of stopping suspicious persons and frisking them for weapons is a reasonable search within the boundaries of the Fourth Amendment. The Court has found such searches permissible even without a search warrant or enough information to constitute probable cause for arrest. Chief Justice Earl Warren announced that "there must be a narrowly drawn authority to permit a reasonable search for weapons for the protection of the police officer, where he has reason to believe that he is dealing with an armed and dangerous individual, regardless of whether he has probable cause to arrest the individual for a crime. The officer need not be absolutely certain that the individual is armed, the issue is whether a reasonably prudent man in the circumstances would be warranted in the belief that his safety or others was in danger"(Terry v. Ohio.1968). Prior to Terry, the rule had been that before a person could be arrested and searched as incident to that arrest, the police had to have probable cause that a person had committed crime.
The following circumstances should be considered when studying the case Terry v. Ohio. Point out to students that the police were patrolling an area in downtown Cleveland, an area that was known for shoplifting and pickpockets. The detective in this case had been patrolling the area for thirty years. He became suspicious of the actions of two men. The police officer believed that Mr. Terry and an accomplice, Mr. Chilton were casing a jewelry store. A third man approached Mr. Terry and Mr. Chilton. When the police stopped them a pat down search was conducted. In the pockets of Mr. Terry and Mr. Chilton the detective found guns. The third man was unarmed. Mr. Terry and Mr. Chilton were subsequently arrested, tried and convicted of possessing concealed weapons. The issue in this case became whether the police had the right to conduct a pat down search. Given Mr. Terry's suspicious behavior, the Court decided the police officer was found justified in questioning him, and was entitled to conduct a pat down search. Teachers should encourage class discussion by asking students how they would define "suspicious behavior?' Can it be defined? Maybe, what is considered to be suspicious behavior for one person is not for another? Ask them to create a scenario where police would definitely be justified as to defining behavior as suspicious. Have them create a second scenario where the behavior might be questionable, but is it suspicious? Do they think that race or sex might play a role in this scenario? How about the wealth or the location of the area? Did the officer have sufficient reason to investigate the situation? How would they have decided this case?
Students will understand that automobile searches may follow different rules and have come to be considered controversial. Since 1925 the Court has made numerous decisions dealing with searches of automobiles, their occupants, and even closed packages in the automobile. In general, the Court has decided that people and their paraphernalia are entitled to less privacy in their automobile than in their homes or places of business. The landmark case in this area was Carroll v United States, 1925. The facts of this case are the following. George Carroll was convicted of transporting liquor in violation of the federal prohibition law and the Eighteenth Amendment. Liquor had been seized from his automobile without a search warrant. Carroll appealed his case to the United States Supreme Court and claimed his Fourth Amendment rights had been violated. Chief Justice William Howard Taft stated..." the guaranty of freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures by the Fourth Amendment has been construed practically since the beginning of the government, as recognizing a necessary difference between a search of a store, dwelling house or other structure... and a search of a ship, motor boat, wagon, or automobile for contraband goods, where it is not practical to secure a warrant, because the vehicle can be quickly moved..."(Carroll v. U.S., 1925).
In 1964, the Supreme Court made a distinction between a moving and a parked vehicle. In the case of Preston v. United States, the Supreme Court held the warrantless search of an automobile to be unconstitutional. The car in question was locked in a garage at the time. Since there was no cause to believe the car was going to be removed, the Court ruled that there was ample time to obtain a search warrant.
When an automobile is in motion, however, the Supreme Court has taken a different standpoint. In Gustafson v. Florida, 1973. The Court maintained that a warrantless search of a driver's body and his car following an arrest for a routine traffic violation was constitutional. More recent cases have allowed the police even more leeway. The justices ruled in California v. Acvedo 1991, that police do not need a warrant to search a car and all closed containers inside if they have probable cause to believe that one of the containers contains contraband. Furthermore, in 1990 in Michigan v. Sitz, the use of motor vehicle checkpoints to check motorists for sobriety was upheld. In an opinion by Judge Rehnquist the Court said..." that states have a strong interest in deterring drunk drivers and that the checkpoints advance the interest and the intrusion on motorists stopped is slight" (Michigan v. Sitz, 1990).
At the same time that racial profiling by law enforcement was expanding, the Supreme Courts decisions narrowing the Fourth Amendment were occurring. In 1996, in Whren v. U.S. the Supreme Court stated that any traffic violation was a legitimate basis for a stop, regardless of the officer's subjective state of mind. Proponents of the concept of "driving while brown or black" believe that this case has now provided the police unlimited authority to stop and search any vehicle they want. They believe that every driver probably violates some part of the vehicle code (Harris, 9). Media coverage during the last year has intensified. Teachers should assign students the task of researching newspapers and magazines articles on this topic. They might work in teams and have the option of preparing a visual as well as an oral report on the information they have acquired. Tell students that there has been a report of racial profiling in our own state in the town of Trumbull. Tell them that Trumbull is now under investigation by the FBI for excessive stops of motorists of color According to the American Civil Liberties Union virtually all of the complaints filed by Driving While Black involve the use of traffic stops for non-traffic purposes. Ask students what suggestions they could offer the state and local police departments on this problem?
Students will understand the significance of the exclusionary rule. What became known as the exclusionary rule was first set out by the Supreme Court in 1914. In the case Weeks v. United States, the Court said that illegally obtained evidence would no longer be accepted in federal courts. The facts of the case include the following. Freemont Weeks was arrested without a warrant. Federal agents searched his home, also without a warrant and took letters and documents that were later used against him at his trial. He then challenged his conviction and stated that his Fourth Amendment rights had been violated. The Supreme Court agreed and in a unanimous decision explained that the exclusion of such evidence was necessary to discourage unlawful practices by enforcement agents (Weeks v. United States, 1914).
Application of the exclusionary rule has been the subject of continuing legal controversy. Many have argued that by denying prosecutors the right to the use of certain evidence, the rule can collapse the government's case and allow a guilty person to go free. Extension of the exclusionary rule began to change in the 1960's, as the Supreme Court and federal appeals courts reviewed and overturned hundreds of convictions from state courts. Among the famous cases was Mapp v Ohio, 1961, in which the Supreme Court ruled that evidence seized in an unlawful manner could not be used in a state criminal trial. The Supreme Court overturned Mapp's conviction because the evidence used against her had been illegally obtained. The majority decision was written by Justice Tom Clark. He stated..."Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of their charter of its own existence..." (Mapp v. Ohio, 1961)). Teachers might provide students with the facts of the case as provided in The Supreme Court and Individual Rights page 197. Then they should ask students to identify the two issues that the Supreme Court was addressing. The issues were first, whether the officers had the right to enter the women's home without a warrant and second, whether the evidence taken could be introduced as evidence in a state court.
Since the 1960's, rising crime rates have helped create a reaction against the exclusionary rule. The increase in crime has many causes, among them growing drug use, the flight of jobs and middle class workers from the cities, and the resulting decay of inner city neighborhoods. These social problems are difficult to fix and that has tempted many people to search for causes to correct that can be easily identified. One is the idea that the Court has been too soft on criminals; that criminals are being let out of prison on legal technicalities. In the 1980's the Court approved several exceptions to the exclusionary rule. A "good faith exception" approved by the Court in the 1984 case, United States v Leon, permitted the use of illegally obtained evidence at trial if the police who seized it had a search warrant and thought they were acting legally- only to find that because of some technical flaw their search was in fact illegal. According to Justice Byron White," In such a case where the police were acting in good faith, the exclusion of valid evidence has no deterrent effect and exacts too high a price from society"(United States v. Leon, 1984). Should the exclusionary rule be curtailed or thrown out altogether? This is a question that the students should be asked to address. Split students into groups and ask them to identify imaginary situations in which they would not allow police to use evidence against an accused person and when they would allow this evidence to be used into court.
Students will examine the issues of their rights versus search in the school The question of the rights of public school students to be free from unreasonable searches and first came to the attention of the Court in the 1985 case New Jersey v. T.L.O. The facts of the case seem simple enough. A New Jersey high school student-referred to in the courts as T.L.O had been caught smoking in the girl's bathroom. That was a violation of school rules. She was brought before the assistant principal. She denied that she had been smoking and claimed that she did not smoke at all. The assistant principal asked for her purse, and found cigarettes inside. But there was also some marijuana, rolling papers, as well as a list of students who owed her money. It appeared as if she had been selling drugs. Her parents were called and in their presence she was read her Miranda warnings. After admitting to selling the drug, the girl was suspended for ten days. Her case went to juvenile court where she was sentenced to one-year probation for juvenile delinquency based on possession of marijuana with the intent to sell. The attorney hired by her parents challenged both the school suspensions and the delinquency charge on the grounds her Fourth Amendment rights were violated. T.L.O. first asked the New Jersey high court to review her case. She claimed that the assistant principal had violated her rights by asking to see what was in her purse. The New Jersey court agreed. The State of New Jersey then appealed the case to the United States Supreme Court. In this case the Court ruled that the school officials did not need a search warrant or probable cause to conduct a reasonable search of a student. Instead, Justice Byron White stated..." that school officials may search a student so long as there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the search will turn up evidence that the student has violated or is violating either the law or the rule of the school." In deciding this case the Court recognized a child's right to a legitimate expectation of privacy and agreed that the Fourth Amendment does not apply to searches by school officials (New Jersey v. T.L.O., 1985). However, since the interest of the school in maintaining order and discipline outweighs the privacy interest of the student, a lesser standard for searches was justified, reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause. The key word in the debate is reasonable. When is a search reasonable? This is a question that students like to discuss at length. With the onset of metal detectors and metal wands, and the searching of book bags used on a daily basis students still make a distinction when having their pocketbooks searched. However, in many of the New Haven schools all book bags will be examined on a daily basis. Students will engage in a lively discussion on what should be considered reasonable suspicion for a search in the schools.
Another issue of interest to the student is the matter of strip search in the schools. Strip searches, which involve the visual inspection of a person's body, are far more intrusive. Reasonableness is a standard to determine if the search was necessary and whether it was conducted appropriately. The member of the same sex as the minor should carry out these searches in private, when there is good reason to believe that the minor is in criminal possession of drugs or a firearm. There have been strip searches conducted in the schools where the item being searched for was stolen money. The courts have ruled in these cases that although stealing is not to be condoned, it does not present the threat of immediate danger to others. What about across the board searches that are not based on individualized suspicion? In the 1995 case Veronica School District v. Acton the question of mandatory drug testing was addressed in order to play sports. James Acton, age 12 wanted to play football, but refused to submit to a mandatory drug test because he felt the school had no reason to believe he was on drugs, The test, a urine sample, collected in school, in private was a school board policy, put in place to combat a growing drug problem, especially among the athletes. His parents challenged the drug policy and the blanket-testing program. The Supreme Court heard this case and Justice Antonin Scalia, writing for the majority stated, " that students have a lesser Fourth Amendment right than adults, especially because of the growing drug problem. Athletes, he said have an even lesser expectation of privacy considering they are routinely expected to take showers and also they have a somewhat exalted role model position in the schools. School sports are not for the bashful." Justice Sandra O'Connor dissented stating "this policy of blanket testing was excessively intrusive, particularly destructive of privacy and offensive to personal dignity. She concluded that it would have been far more reasonable to limit the test to those students with disciplinary problems" (Veronica School District v. Acton, 1995). The Court did not address the issue of random drug testing. Ask students what is their position on drug testing for athletes? Random drug testing for athletes? Presently, court rulings have generally established that blanket searches of lockers, desks, as well as the use of metal detectors are reasonable in view of the deterrence they have in drug use and firearms in the public schools.
Objective: Students will become familiar with and understand the language that is used in the Fourth Amendment.
Procedure: Teachers should write the entire text of the Fourth Amendment on the blackboard. They should underline the words that are in bold below. Teachers should tell students that the language of the Fourth Amendment might be somewhat different than the everyday language that is used in the classroom. Dictionaries should then be distributed and students should be assigned the task of looking up the meaning that best applies to the content of the Fourth Amendment. Students should then write the definitions in their notebook. Once the students have completed this task ask them to clearly state in their own words what they think the Fourth Amendment means.
Materials used: Text of the Fourth Amendment, dictionaries
"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized."
Terms used:
01. Secure- to be safe
02. Persons- bodies
03. Effects- belongings
04. Unreasonable- arbitrary
05. Seizures- arrests
06. Violated- abused
07. Warrants- order of a judge to seize property or search for property
08. Issue- be made
09. Probable cause- strong evidence
10. Oath- a promise to God to be truthful
11. Affirmation- a solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury
12. Particularly-specifically
13. Describing- stating
14. Seized- taken
Now split the class into smaller groups and assign them the following task. Give them a list of the occupations provided below. Then tell them that for each occupation they are to decide if drug testing should be performed without a warrant; in other words, without reasonable suspicion that a person is under the influence of drugs. Make sure they give reasons for their answers. Once students have finished their discussions, one student from each group should be prepared to deliver the findings back to the entire class for a full class discussion.
Finally tell students that they are to write a position paper explaining why they believe drug testing should or should not be allowed in various occupations.
01. All police officers 08. Students 02. All fire fighters 09. Student athletes 03. Judges 10. Subway drivers 04. Teachers 11. Television newspersons 05. Doctors 12 The President of the U.S. 06. Dentists 13. All governors 07. Pilot 14. School bus drivers
Procedure: Teachers should present to the students the facts of the case in New Jersey v. T.L.O .1985. A New Jersey high school student-referred to in court records as T.L.O. had been caught smoking in the restroom. This was a violation of school rules. T.L.O., a 14-year-old freshman, was brought before the assistant principal. She denied that she had been smoking, and claimed that she did not smoke at all. The assistant principal asked for her purse, and found cigarettes inside. But there was also some marijuana, as well as a list of students who owed T.L.O. money. It appeared as if she had been dealing. Her parents were called and in their presence she was read her Miranda warnings. After admitting to selling the drug, the girl was suspended for ten days.
Her case went to juvenile court where she was charged with delinquency based on possession of marijuana with the intent to sell. The attorney hired by her parents challenged both the school suspension and the delinquency charge on the grounds that her Fourth Amendment rights had been violated. The juvenile court sentenced her to one-year probation for juvenile delinquency.
Tell students that the facts of this case may not seem that unusual. In fact, it is the kind of story that is probably familiar in many high schools where drugs are a problem. Yet the story made front-page news because the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. In a 6-3 decision the Supreme Court ruled that public school officials and teachers cans search students if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the search will turn up evidence that the student has violated the law or school rule.
Present the following questions to students for an open class discussion:
- 1. Do you think that the fact T.L.O. had cigarettes in her purse proved she was a smoker?
- 2. Do you think school officials should have the right to search pocketbooks? book bags?
- 3. Do you think school officials should have the right to search lockers?
- 4. How should a student's right to privacy be balanced with the school's need to maintain safety and order?
- 5. Students should comment on the following statement found in the majority decision of the Supreme Court. The majority decision in this case noted that a search of a student by a school official need not adhere to the probable cause standard; rather, school officials must adhere to the justification that there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the search will turn up evidence verifying that a rule or law has been broken.
- 6.The dissenting opinion in this case was signed by Justices Marshall and Brennan. Ask the students to comment on the following statement: ..."A purse typically contains items of a highly personal nature. Especially for shy or sensitive adolescents, it could prove extremely embarrassing for a teacher or principal to rummage through its contents, which could include notes from friends, fragments of love poems, caricatures of school authorities, and items of personal hygiene..."
Procedure: Teachers will distribute the meanings of the vocabulary associated with the Fourth Amendment and its related cases. Students are to take the list home and study them for homework. The next day teachers should divide the class into four or five teams. Teachers will then review the terms by playing the game jeopardy. The team with the highest score should receive a reward to be decided upon by the teacher.
Materials Used: Vocabulary list on the Fourth Amendment
- 01. Amicus curiae brief -a document filed by an individual or organization (such as the American Civil Liberties Union) who is not a party to a case, but who has an interest in the outcome of the case. Amicus curiae is a Latin term meaning friend of the court.
- 02. Appeal- to take a case to a higher court for review.
- 03. Appellant-the party that appeals a lower court decision to a higher court.
- 04. Appellee -one who has an interest in upholding the decision of a lower court and is compelled to respond when the appellant appeals the case to a higher court.
- 05. Brief- a legal document stating the facts and legal theories of a party's case.
- 06. Case law- the law is defined by previously decided cases' distinct from statutes and other sources of law.
- 07. Certiorari, writ of-a writ issued from the Supreme Court, at its discretion, to order a lower court to prepare the record of a case and send it to the Supreme Court for review.
- 08. Civil Law-body of law dealing with the private rights of individuals, as distinguished from criminal law.
- 09. Dissenting opinion- a written opinion by those justices who disagree with the majority court ruling.
- 10. Due process- a legal concept that establishes procedures to insure an individual's rights and liberties in all legal proceedings
- 11. Exclusionary rule- a rule of law providing that in certain circumstances unlawfully seized evidence that is seized in violation of an individual's Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures-is inadmissible in state or federal criminal trials.
- 13. Fruit of the poisonous tree- if unlawfully seized evidence leads a police officer to other evidence, that secondary evidence is also inadmissible.
- 14. Probable cause- sufficient reason, based on existing facts that a crime has been committed or that property is evidence of a crime. Probable cause is a required element for a legal search and seizure.
- 15. Warrant- a legal document authorizing a law enforcement official to take some action.
A collection of editorials, articles, excerpts from books and lectures on constitutional principles.
Biskupic, Joan and Elder Witt. The Supreme Court and Individual Rights. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1997.
A focus on the development of Supreme Court cases and individual rights.
Bragdon, Henry and John Pittenger. The Pursuit of Justice. London: The McMillan Co., 1969.
An examination of the Bill of Rights historically, as well as through Supreme Court cases.
Cushman, Robert F. Leading Constitutional Decisions. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1982.
Includes over forty edited Supreme Court cases together with introductory notes explaining the background of the cases, and the effect of the cases upon the Constitution.
Goode, Stephen. The Right of Privacy. New York: Franklin Watts, 1983.
An examination of the nature of our basic right to privacy as it has evolved through judicial decisions.
Meltzer, Milton. The Bill of Rights. New York: Harper Collins, 1990.
A history of the Bill of Rights is presented chronologically.
Nunez, Sandra and Trish Marx. The Legal Rights of Young People. Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, Inc., 1997.
A comprehensive and objective examination of the rights of children.
Pascoe, Elaine. America's Court's on Trial. Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, 1997.
An overview of our legal system and an examination of the questions that challenge it.
Persico, Deborah. Mapp v. Ohio. Springfield: Enslow Publishers, Inc. 1997.
An examination of the ideas and arguments behind this landmark case.
Schwartz, Bernard. The Law in America. New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., 1974.
An excellent reference source that includes brief descriptions of milestone cases and wonderful photographs.
A text that offers a course in practical law.
Force, Robert, Criminal Law. Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing, 1988.
A text that offers information on criminal law and procedure.
Holder, Angela, The Meaning of the Constitution. New York: Barron's Educational Series, 1972.
A comprehensive text that interprets the language of the Constitution in simple terms.
Martz, Carl. Criminal Justice. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1988.
A simple explanation of how the criminal justice system works and how that system fits into our lives.
Mason, Louis. Supplementry Cases in Everyday Law. Cincinnati: Southwestern Publishing Company, 1991.
A collection of short case situations that will reinforce an understanding of the legal principles.
Ratcliffe, Robert. Vital Issues of the Constitution. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989.
Issues are stressed that show our legal system in actual operation.
Smith, George and Arlene Smith. Applying the Bill of Rights to Real Cases. Pacific Grove Midwest Publications, 1992.
Acquaints students with the historical origins of the Bill of Rights as well as the study and analysis of Supreme Court cases.
Aguilar V. Texas, 378 U.S. 108 (1964).
California v. Acvedo, 500 U.S. 565 (1991).
Carroll v. U.S., 267 U.S. 132 (1925).
Chimmel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969).
Gustafson v. Florida, 414 U.S. 260 (1973).
Harris Fred & Roger Wilkins, ed. Quiet Riots: Race & Poverty in the United States. New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.
Harris v. United States, 331 U.S. 145 (1947).
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1963).
Michigan v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444 (1990).
New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985).
- Preston v. U.S. 376 U.S. 364 (1964).
Ratcliffe, Robert. Vital Issues of the Constitution. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973).
Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40 (1968).
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968).
United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 (1984).
United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218 (1973).
Veronica School District v. Acton, 115 S. Ct. 2386 (1995).
Weeks v. U.S., 232 U.S. 383 (1914).
Contents of 2000 Volume II | Directory of Volumes | Index | Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute


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IDG Answers is a community of experts who are passionate about technology. Ask a question or answer one below.
IDG Answers is a community of experts who are passionate about technology. Ask a question or answer one below.
If you root a andriod tablet would you be able to load win 8 on to it.
You must be logged in to ask, answer or follow a question.
Nope. Number one, Windows isn't open source like the Android OS, so you are not going to have legions of developers combing through code to make it work with the hardware. Also, I don't know if you have ever tried to get a custom ROM that was designed to work with some Android devices to work with other Android devices, but brother, it ain't easy. There are so many differences in hardware that trying to flash a ROM that works on a very similar device can result in a bricked phone if you try to "make" it work on a variant. I've ran into this where the only difference was the screen manufacturer had changed during the production run, and when I tried to flash the ROM that worked with the early production devices on a later device....bricked it. Oh, and good luck dealing with Windows 8 UEFI.
Microsft laid out the requirements to run Win 8 so you can see if the hardware is even in the ball park. BTW, you would also have to deal with the fact that Android and Windows devices have specific "buttons", (menu, search, home, etc.) and you would have to make those work in ways that were not intended.
Rooting gives you many options, but it doesn't give you the option to turn an android device into an Apple or Microsoft device.


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Ballard: 206-215-2440
Edmonds: 425-640-4395
First Hill: 206-215-2440
Issaquah: 425-313-7000
Registered Dietitians are food and nutrition experts who work in the treatment and prevention of disease. They help people better understand how their everyday dietary choices can have a profound impact on their lives and overall health.
Our experienced staff of Registered Dietitians provides individualized counseling to a wide variety of people, taking into account the many variables that make us all unique. Registered Dietitians use their nutrition knowledge to help their clients make beneficial lifestyle changes that enable them to achieve their dietary goals.
Registered Dietitians provide Medical Nutrition Therapy, which is an important piece of comprehensive health care. Medical Nutrition Therapy involves a review of current eating practices, planning and implementing a nutrition intervention based on evidence-based guidelines, and monitoring an individuals' progress over subsequent visits. The initial appointment is typically 60 minutes long, and then follow-up visits are flexible based on the patient's needs and overall goals.
The Registered Dietitians at the Swedish Nutrition Clinics provide individualized counseling for conditions including, but not limited to:
Swedish also offers specialized nutrition therapy services through the Swedish Diabetes Education Center.
The Nutrition Clinics at Swedish bill insurance for the services provided. Insurance coverage varies by plan. Please check with your insurance carrier to determine if they cover Medical Nutrition Therapy, and any limitations to their coverage.
Some insurance plans require a referral and/or prior authorization in order for the appointment to be covered. Please check with your insurance company to find out their requirements for covering a nutritional counseling appointment. Also, please contact the Nutrition Clinic that you would like to visit to learn their specific requirements.
Sometimes, healthy food can be better than medicine when it comes to treating chronic illnesses. Read or listen to audio about a cooking class I teach at Swedish to help new doctors understand how good food can make a...
The FDA just finalized its new Nutrition Facts Label, which will now include the amount of added sugar found in packaged foods. While this is great news, parents still need to be vigilant when it comes to sources of hidden...
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that damages the small intestine and prevents the absorption of nutrients. This disease occurs in genetically predisposed people and can be diagnosed at any age. Worldwide, an...


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Eric Holder Needs a Dope Slap* from the Folks Who Run Comic-Con
*It's IMPORTANT to stamp out vote fraud, Mr. Fraudulent Attorney General, so listen to this Comic-Con advice and let States do their job:
"…avoid awkward moments by having proof that you are the guy whose name is on the badge."
Get the Department of INjustice OUT of enforcing Vote Fraud and into aiding the enforcement of legitimate polls!
Posted: July 9th, 2012 under Do the Right Thing.
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Welcome to Oregon
Trip Start Jun 26, 2011
23Trip End Jul 08, 2011
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Somewhere between Elma, WA., and Astoria, OR., I lost my GPS and Internet service on my "smart" phone. It came as a surprise because, although we were driving on backroads, so to speak, according to the 3G usage map, I should still have had service. Just for kicks, I tried to get Navigator to work on Larry's "not so smart" phone… and it worked fine! What? Okay… well, I was perplexed about my service, but we were happy to have some GPS help getting us to the campgrounds because we also forgot our Garmin GPS at home!
Astoria is a favorite city of Larry's because that's where one of his all time favorite movies was filmed… "Goonies". We'd been there before though - and we can easily go there again, so we decided not to spend much time in the area this trip. We had reservations to stay at Fort Stevens State Park, about 8 miles west of Astoria on the Pacific Ocean coast and the mouth of the Columbia River, but just for the night and then we were moving on.
We always enjoy going over the 4 mile bridge between Washington and Astoria, OR. We thought about my brother, Bobby, and how he would really hate this bridge!


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Alright, you're ready to start working on creating a resume that WOWS potential employers. Solid. A necessary first step towards...[Read More..]
Seven Basic Salary Negotiation Tips
Money is the most sensitive issue in the whole hiring process. Discussing the compensation often causes anxiety on both employee and employer. Here are seven ways to make the process of salary negotiating efficient. 1) Research: Before the interview process begins, contact the professional organization that represents your field of career. As soon as they […]
Wage for the New Grad
Fresh out of college, most people are excited about landing that first job. Given that most grads do not have work experience or only had a part time job while studying, it is not easy to secure an executive position right away. Starting from scratch, one has no choice but to start from the bottom […]
Teaching Career Planning Across the Curriculum
Teaching across the curriculum is an increasingly popular way of instructing students because it covers a variety of subjects in one lesson – which is why it is especially important in the career planning field as well. Let's say you have a high school student who isn't quite sure what he or she wants to […]
Job Hunting Tips
Are you a fresh graduate and planning to look for a job? Did you just recently quit your job and are looking for greener pastures? Are you unemployed and have little experience regarding ways to secure a job? Whatever your situation may be, it would be to your advantage to study the following tips: Check […]
Tips For Creating A Killer Resume
When one goes for an interview, the potential employer has no idea of who the applicant is. In some cases, the person applied to the ad while others used a headhunter or job site on the internet and matched their credentials for the position. The first impression employers always look at is one's resume. Given […]
Searching for an Accounting Job
Accounting graduates, have broader choices and specific paths to follow with their careers. Accounting requires a lot of skills when it comes to business and that is why every company has an employee that is an accounting graduate. If you are an accounting graduate, you can apply in any kind of firm. Areas may include […]


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Ballotpedia has compiled data on the average net worth of our elected officials for the years 2004 to 2010. As the average net worth of Congress has increased since 2004, and held about even from 2007 to 2010, the average American family net worth dropped 40 percent from 2007 to 2010 to an average of $77,300.
In 2010, the average net worth for a U.S. senator was $13,224,333. The average net worth for a Democratic senator was $19,383,524, compared to $7,054,258 for a Republican senator. That's a difference of $12.3 million.
The top ten richest senators, the highest seven of which are Democrats, from this Ballotpedia table:
Top 10 Senators in 2010


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A State Department special agent accused of murder after he shot and killed a man at a Waikiki McDonald's in 2011 has taken the stand in his own defense.
Christopher Deedy was sworn in and began testimony Tuesday, one month into trial in the killing of Kollin Elderts of Kailua.
Deedy's defense lawyers contend that he was acting in self-defense and identified himself as a law enforcement officer during the deadly altercation in the early morning hours at the crowded restaurant.
Prosecutors have argued the shooting was caused by intoxication and Deedy's inexperience.
Deedy, from Arlington, Va., was out bar-hopping with friends. He was in Honolulu to help provide security for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit.
Elderts died of a single gunshot wound to the chest during a fight with Deedy.
Late Monday, former federal law enforcement trainer Ken Amiano testified that the thrust kick you see Deedy doing on the surveillance video is a common training tactic.
"We do train the agents, if you're in a situation where somebody is trying to cause you severe bodily harm, or kill you, cause your death, you have to use whatever means necessary to stop it," said Amiano.
Amiano says federal agents are trained to use physical force depending on the situation. He is expected to be back on the stand Tuesday.


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What an amazing meeting of the minds – and brains – of some of the pioneers and leaders in neuroscience, emotions, and mindfulness!
By Roundtable Participants
Article From Tricycle
~ Marsha
Since 1987 the Dalai Lama has met biennially with small groups of Western scientists to talk about the nature of mind and reality, and to plan collaborative research between science and Buddhism. These sessions, organized by the Mind and Life Institute, are designed to explore not only what Buddhism and modern science can learn from each other but also what they can learn by working together. Studies sponsored by Mind and Life are beginning to unravel the brain mechanisms underlying contemplative practice, providing scientific validation of the beneficial effects of meditation practice.
Tricycle checked in with the Mind and Life Insitute for an update on these studies. Seven board members (see box below) took a break from a planning session at Princeton University to sit down with Tricycle's James Shaheen and Joan Duncan Oliver. The conversation ranged from the institute's recent findings on the demonstrable effect of meditation on brain function to the potential of Buddhism to advance the efforts of modern psychology. As Mind and Life board member Daniel Goleman explains: "His Holiness said, 'Take the methods of Buddhism and test them rigorously and scientifically. If you validate them, share them widely. If they can help alleviate suffering, they shouldn't just be for Buddhists—they should be everyone.'"
Roundtable Participants:
R. Adam Engle, J.D., M.B.A., chairman and cofounder of the Mind and Life Institute
Richard J. Davidson, Ph.D., director of the Laboratory for Affective Neuroscience and the W.M. Keck Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and Behavior at the University of Wisconsin, Madison
Daniel Goleman, Ph.D., psychologist and author of such books as the best seller Emotional Intelligence, and two works based on Mind and Life proceedings, Destructive Emotions and Healing Emotions
Jon Kabat-Zinn, Ph.D., professor emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Medical School and founder of the Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health, Care and Society
Matthieu Ricard, Ph.D., cellular biologist and a Tibetan Buddhist monk at Shechen Monastery in Kathmandu
Bennett M. Shapiro, M.D., former executive vice president of Merck Research Laboratories and former chair of the biochemistry department at the University of Washington
B. Alan Wallace, Ph.D., president of the Santa Barbara Institute for Consciousness Studies and a former Tibetan Buddhist monk
What are the results of the Mind and Life studies so far, and where do you plan to take them from here?
Richard Davidson: Our initial work certainly indicates that meditation changes brain function. One of our hopes now is that a broader range of scientists will be inspired to examine the potential impact of contemplative practice on different behavioral domains. One of our goals is to launch studies that look at the impact of meditation on attention and the brain systems that support it.
Which aspects of attention will you be looking at, and how would you measure them?
Richard Davidson: We've been talking with experts who do experiments in which, for example, a person is required to focus on a specific object and ignore distractions. One question is whether training in meditation facilitates one's capacity to do this, and, if it does, which parts of the brain are being affected.
Find the rest of this Article from Trycycle, HERE.


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Bond liquidity fears hit one of Europe's largest pension funds
ATP, the Danish public pension fund, is altering the way it will pay out pensions in future, due to its increasing concerns over the liquidity of the Danish and German government bond markets.
The Danish fund, which manages Dkr618 billion, or €83 billion, has said it would have to reduce the certainty of the pension promise given to its members from now on, thanks to the tougher trading conditions.
ATP's concerns stem from the stricter regulation and tougher capital requirements placed on banks since the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. Regulators have discouraged banks from holding large inventories of bonds on their books, which means it can be tougher for them offer liquidity to buyers and sellers.
The pension fund says its problem is particularly acute with long-dated bonds.
Carsten Stendevad, ATP chief executive officer, said that when he joined the fund in June 2013, "ATP owned about 22% of the longer-dated end of the German government bond market. That has fallen now, but we are still a sizeable participant."
He added: "Clearly, regulation and higher capital requirements seem to have made it more difficult for banks to provide the market-making liquidity they once did at the longer-end of the yield-curve."
ATP's fears echo the widespread worries of regulators, bankers and fund managers that liquidity in the bond markets has significantly deteriorated since the financial crisis of 2008.
Primary issuance of bonds has increased by 80% since 2007, according to Morgan Stanley and Oliver Wyman, as companies and governments have rushed to borrow in the financial markets, encouraged by central bankers holding interest rates to the floor.
But corporate bond liquidity in the secondary market has declined by around 70% in roughly the same period, according to Royal Bank of Scotland, as banks have been told they cannot hold these assets to facilitate trading.
ATP has tweaked its pension model to increase the amount of short dated bonds as a result of these liquidity concerns.
At present, ATP operates a sophisticated partial guarantee model, whereby 80% of members' payments are converted into a defined pension promise, to be paid out many decades hence. The remaining 20% is invested in a non-guaranteed "bonus" pool.
Long-dated assets suited such a long-term guarantee model.
Now, a member's guaranteed pension will be re-calculated after 15 years, and then on a rolling basis. For example, the first year's payment from the 20-year old will be reviewed at age 35 and again at age 50. The second year's payment will be reviewed at 36 and again at age 51, and so on.
After 50, each year is calculated individually until retirement.
Pensions can still only go up, never down, ATP stressed - but in future they may go up by less than they would have under the current regime. The change will affect ATP members under the age of 50, who account for about 2.1 million of its 4.7 million membership.
All this means that in the first phase of its members' savings career, ATP won't need to invest in any bonds longer-dated than 15 years. Happily, there is no shortage of these. The pension fund will still need longer-dated assets to back the promises made to the over-50s, however, as these guarantees may still have to last as long as another half-century.
Stendevad said: "We will still need some long-dated assets, but as we will no longer need them for the younger members, this significantly reduces our requirement. This adjusts what we need to buy in line with the reality of what is available in the market."
ATP's measures come into effect on January 1 next year, and will only affect new pensions entitlements built up from that date.
-- Correction: This article was updated at 17:34 BST on August 13 to replace the phrase "slightly weaken the pension promise" with "reduce the certainty of the pension promise" as this is a better reflection of the change, as rates may improve as well as decline in future years.
The article was also amended to reflect the fact that the change to ATP's pensions payouts will only affect scheme members under the age of 50, who account for 2.1 million of its 4.7 million membership. Previously, it incorrectly stated the change would apply to all members.


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Follow @DaytimeRoyalty
|Hello, soap fans -- and welcome to Daytime Royalty!
For those unfamiliar, we are an uncensored community for fans and lovers of the daytime genre. We have a no-holds-barred atmosphere in regards to the shows, writers, actors etc. but we do not allow member bashing in any form.
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|Y&R Promo: Week of 9/14; One Woman's Rampage Is About To Take Another Victim !
|Tweet Topic Started: Sep 11 2009, 12:15 PM (1,310 Views)
|Miss Rhi
|Sep 11 2009, 12:15 PM Post #1
|Sep 12 2009, 01:57 AM Post #2
|Thanks for the clip RHI, this one is a little hard to watch, as they kill off another core character.
|Miss Rhi
|Sep 13 2009, 11:43 AM Post #3
I agree.
I hate the way this storyline has gone and the way it made Patty Jane such a cartoon. It also drives me crazy that they are killing off Colleen, they could have had her study or teach art overseas to get away from the online video embarrassment and etc.
|Sep 13 2009, 11:06 PM Post #4
|ICAM, it would have been better, if they had taken that route with Colleen's character, rather than killing her off. Once again eliminating a core character and the rich history that she has on the show. At the rate they are killing vets off, there isn't going to be much left to care about on this show.
|Sep 14 2009, 11:50 AM Post #5
"Relax nobody's having sex.... at least not yet"
|BOO! I hate this, I'm about to tune out of Y&R for awhile. Nothing on this show, is worth watching anymore.
|Sep 14 2009, 03:50 PM Post #6
As a newbe to Y&R (been watching less than a year) I think it is so well written. I don't think Patty is a cartoon character. I think she is a sad manipulated person who had a huge breakdown. As for Colleen, I personally know nothing about her, but I too hate to see long time vets killed off. I agree, they should probably send her somewhere.
All in all, I think this show is great.
By the way, I am coming from leaving "Days of our Lives" after 20 years. That show shouldn't even be on tv by comparison. It is soooo poorly written and directed. ==== Just my opinion.
|Grandpa Hughes
|Sep 14 2009, 03:52 PM Post #7
"Dedicated to the brotherhood of healing. "
|I'm disgusted by this crap storyline!! Colleen had so much potential as a character!
|1 user reading this topic (1 Guest and 0 Anonymous)
|« Previous Topic · GH: News, Spoilers & Discussion · Next Topic »


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A teenager in Columbus, Ohio was hospitalized this week after playing Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 for four days straight. Tyler Rigby was rushed to the hospital for dehydration after his gaming binge.
"It's like he was looking at me but he wasn't there. It was like he was looking through me," Jennifer Thompson, Tyler's aunt, told news station WCMH. "We were talking and I heard a thump and I looked over and he just fell."
Tyler will be ok. The hospital pumped him full of fluids, and, presumably advised him to take a drink every sometimes when he's playing games. There was one casualty in the incident, however: The teen's game console.
"The Xbox is gone," Rawlins said.
The teen's K/D ration was not revealed, but that kind of dedication probably results in some serious skillz. (Yeah, I spelled "skills" with a "z." It's Friday and I'm getting crazy up in here.
Source: CBS News
All of the best people are following Stephen Johnson's twitter feed. Also, email me if you wanna.


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Oct 16, 2011
4:00pm – 5:00pm, Mountain Time
Join Cynthia for a new way to join in the conversation about what is going on in the world and in our lives. Community Conversations is a forum for people to meet and discuss current events.
TIMELY TOPIC: Do You Need a Faith Lift?
This is a FREE event!
Register Here: http://tinyurl.com/42lg2xa