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Federal Initiatives: 2009 Accomplishments
Optimizing Production Systems, Market and Policy Analysis for Cotton and Other Natural Fibers
Texas Tech and Texas A&M have the expertise to expand the program in market and policy analysis of natural fibers that will greatly benefit U.S. industries and policy makers by providing relevant information about the changing landscapes of the market. Research proposed is aimed at developing new information and technologies to increase cotton and textile production efficiencies, reduce costs through the processing chain, increase market share and transparency, and improve the U.S. industry's global competitiveness.
Center for Food Industry Excellence
The overarching goal of this research program is to more effectively reduce contamination of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella by combining research with targeted educational training and implementation of interventions in the US and for the Mexican meat industry to reduce food-borne pathogens. Our goal is to develop a comprehensive food safety culture. This effort will be achieved by determining knowledge gaps and training needs for small and very small processing plant personnel through survey-based research.
Sustainable AgroEcosystems in the Texas High Plains
This research program is aimed at creating a long-term agroecosystem site for basic and applied research, teaching and outreach with full partnerships among agriculture stakeholders. These efforts are aimed at quantifying the production capacity and water use of agricultural systems in the Texas High Plains and identifying different agricultural systems in terms of their long-term impacts on production and the environment, and understanding the linkages among soil microbial diversity, crop productivity, precipitation variability, and soil temperatures under a changing climate regime.
Next Generation Fire Resistant Fabric Technology
This research is aimed at developing a fire resistant material that can be produced in sufficient quantity and at a price point to allow every soldier who requires a fire retardant combat uniform to have one. This project is structured around a newly engineered and patented fiber called TecGen, which can be produced for about half the cost of Nomex and about a tenth the cost of PBI. TecGen is a biregional fiber, having a high-density carbonaceous shell, which provides protection from radiant heat, and an acrylic core that provides good textile properties.
Desert Fuels: Systems Approach to Biofuel Production and Energy Storage
This research is aimed at creating integrated systems to produce fuel from biomass growing in arid/semi-arid regions of the United States. The research focuses on generating transportation fuels and electricity to be consumed near the site of production. The uniqueness of this desert fuel production/consumption systems includes using several types of biomass, all of which have one or more advantages including native stands of plants that require little water for growth and can be harvested without harm to the ecosystem.
Ogallala Aquifer
The program is designed to protect the Ogallala Aquifer and retain the economic integrity of the Southern Great Plains region, including the Texas High Plains, along with portions of Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas and Colorado – all states that are dependent on the survival of the Ogallala Aquifer. These efforts are aimed at developing innovative conservation measures for the Ogallala Aquifer resource through a multi-state, university and federal program. The collective regional knowledge base focuses on an integrated program to develop and transfer water conservation technology.
Great Plains Sorghum Improvement and Utilization Center
The program focuses on developing a regional effect by pooling and integrating the research and extension resources for sorghum improvement, utilization, production and marketing located at Kansas State University, Texas Tech University and Texas A&M University. This would include USDA-ARS scientists located on those campuses with assigned sorghum responsibilities. These efforts are aimed at integrating efforts among the three institutions to develop a series of multi-institutional and multidisciplinary teams which will bring together new technologies and knowledge.
Center for North American Studies
The program continues development of a center headquartered at Texas A&M University for the promotion of stronger relationships among Canada, Mexico and the United States in trade of food and fiber products. These efforts are aimed at integrating the efforts among four participating academic institutions and expanding activities in education and training, research, policy analysis and cooperative study. The center meets national needs to provide objective analyses for rapid, precise responses to emerging trade and international policy issues.
Southern Great Plains Dairy Consortium
The research addresses major research and educational needs of a rapidly expanding dairy industry on the Southern Great Plains of New Mexico and Texas, extending into Oklahoma and Kansas. These efforts are aimed at providing a multidisciplinary federal, industry and state-supported program dedicated to improved dairy production efficiency through animal nutrition, health and management; product safety and biosecurity; rapid assay technologies; water, air quality and natural resource utilization; and enhanced forage production and manure/efficient utilization.


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Smoothe Da Hustler comes with the first single from "The Art of Rap" soundtrack.
Hit the jump for "The Art of Rap" movie trailer.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Region: Ideology Testing Inc
Hey, I'm not bad either, so long as you don't mind paying your fair share of taxes. And not at all socialist, at least not compared to that right-wing nutball Populist guy.
ITI L Liberal
Left-Leaning College State
Historical: Inoffensive Centrist Democracy
Tax rate: 100%
Economy: Reasonable
Private sector: Powerhouse
Cultured Communal Benevolent
Well-being: +3 (comfortable)
Extremism: A little odd (left-wing)
Ideological priority: Equality
Spending priority: Education
Negatives: Crushing taxes, no prisons
Bans: Guns, prostitution, hard drugs
Evils: None
ITI R Populist
Democratic Socialist
Historical: Inoffensive Centrist Democracy
Tax rate: 0%
Economy: Powerhouse
Private sector: Lemonade stands
Paternal Generous Polluted
Well-being: +1 (comfortable)
Extremism: A little odd (right-wing)
Ideological priority: Family
Spending priority: Defense
Negatives: State religion
Bans: Marijuana, pornography, abortion, etc.
Evils: Torture, brutal punishments, blood sports


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On this pageSupporting Diverse Needs
Supporting People in Need
Recent Grants
How We HelpOver the past three years, Foundation grants to hospital departments and health care services have exceeded $2,500,000 annually. Supporting Diverse NeedsThe Foundation uses donations it receives to support a number of diverse needs, such as:
Helping Cancer Patients Through the Red Lipstick Fund
The creation of the Red Lipstick Fund was the brainstorm of three Boulder women—Helayne Jones, Anne Beer and Fran Ryan—who listened to their friend, Marsha Moritz, relate stories about the intense difficulty cancer patients had navigating through their treatment with limited resources.Marsha would ask, "How can they do it—getting to and from chemo, picking up drugs, navigating the myriad of home chores, keeping appointments—without funds and personal support?" Marsha, who passed away from breast cancer in September 2010, was a role model for dignity, an inspiration and an advocate for helping those in need.Helayne, Anne and Fran decided to act on Marsha's inspiration and founded the Red Lipstick Fund, so named because Marsha always wore red lipstick. The mission of the Foundation-supported Red Lipstick Fund is to offer financial assistance to those in need and receiving treatment for cancer at the Tebo Cancer Center and Foothills Hospital. Gifts from the fund pay for such things as medication, shelter and access to food and heat—so there's one less thing for a cancer patient to worry about.
Breast Cancer Patient Receives Help
Mercedes Alvarez had breast cancer but couldn't afford needed diagnostic services and treatments. She found financial help through the BCH Foundation and the BCH Ambassadors. "They told us that the financial side of things should be the least of our considerations. We needed to worry about treating the cancer and not worry about what was going to happen to us financially because of the cancer," said Greg Bowles, Mercedes' husband.
Ensuring Stroke Survivors Have Access to a Comprehensive Range of Rehabilitation Services
Jordan Marshall's story
Jordan Marshall suffered a massive stroke in utero, which means she had a stroke before she was even born. The damage was so extensive that doctors didn't know whether she would ever walk, talk or see.Now 8 years old, Jordan has made incredible progress. She participates fully in school and excels academically. Despite some physical challenges, Jordan rides a bike, runs, skis and climbs."We really feel so fortunate to live in a place where we have access to the quality of care at BCH and the Mapleton Center," says Kathryn Marshall, Jordan's mother. "We feel like we are getting top-notch treatment and that has been a big part of why Jordan is doing so well today."
Watch Jordan's video and learn about her progress through the help of BCH's rehabilitation services for children.Eddie Gomez's story
After a devastating stroke, Eddie Gomez never thought he would walk again. His entire right side was paralyzed.Almost immediately, nurses and therapists began working with Eddie on BCH's Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit. Eddie remembers his second day of rehab well. "I remember how my physical therapist got me to walk. I remember crying with joy, because I never thought that would happen again."After his discharge, Eddie's recovery continued in BCH's Outpatient Rehabilitation stroke program, which helped him return to the many activities of everyday life. In less than a year after his stroke, Eddie was ready for a new challenge - starting a new career as a certified nurses aide and hyperbaric technologist."Had it not been for the foundation and courage I gained through BCH's stroke rehabilitation program, I wouldn't be in this position today. It really was the basis for me getting better," he says. Watch Eddie's video to learn about his recovery through BCH's inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation stroke programs.
Recent GrantsHere's a sampling of grants recently awarded by the BCH Foundation:
Grants that Improve Patients' Hospital Experiences
Grants that Reach Out to Serve Unmet Needs
Grants that Enhance the Hospital's Technological Edge
The Foundation directs the gifts it receives to directly support our community-owned, not-for-profit health system so that the local health care may continue to excel in providing world class, compassionate patient care and establish state-of -the-art "Centers of Excellence" that are convenient and accessible to citizens of Boulder County.
Return to Top
Inside the BCH Foundation
BCH Foundation Appoints New President Grant Besser
About the Foundation
Board of Trustees
How We Help
News & Events
Gift Planning
Contact Us


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Mobiflex® 400-MS Welding Fume Extraction Base Unit (Not Available in US)
Top Features
Mobile Welding Fume Extractor with Filtration
The Mobiflex® 400-M is a low vacuum system for welding fume extraction and filtration. Its size and mobility make Mobiflex® 400-MS ideal for smaller manufacturing facilities that require light to medium duty welding fume extraction¹ in variable locations.
¹Not suitable for use with cutting arc gouging operations. ²CFM level is dependent upon arm length, fan type and system maintenance.
Get your Welding News from the Welding Experts®


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As I still haven't gotten around to opening the thread on new german films I wish to make now for some months already (partly due to the bad availability of most german films on Video/DVD), and I saw a film from my "other" home country Slovenia last night, I decided to also make one for this small country.
Not that there is much hope that any of you people gets to see slovenian films outside of Film festivals, this is more a personal enterprise to (re)discover the films of a neglected national cinema. And yes, this is far easier than coping with the thousands of german films, that were made post 1990. Since its independance slovenia has steadily increased its film production, though it's understandable that from a small country with only 2 million inhabitants, there isn't much to expect in terms of quantity. My numbers could be wrong, but as far as i know, about 5 to 8 films (documentary, TV and cinema features) are produced per year, alongside numerous shorts. I will try to cover every slovenian film i can get my fingers on, so there will also be some classics from Yugoslavia, that were made with or by Slovenians.
i have only seen about 15 slovenian films, so my knowledge is still limited, but hopefully it will expand in the future.
Last year were the celebrations for 100 years of slovenian film, and while the FIAF (The International Federation of Film Archives) held their last congress in the Slovenia's capital Ljubljana, the fact remains that not only is the archive still under-financed, but the Slovenian Cinematheque hasn't been open in over a year now. Formerly this was the only cinema in Slovenia were one could see non-mainstream films, and the quality of its programme could have in fact been placed alongside the best "repertoire" cinemas around the world. Since then some things have improved - amongst others an arthouse-distribution chain along with some new cinemas has been established - but Slovenians nevertheless need their cinematheque. Hopefully it will be reopened soon.
There is one high-quality filmmagazine in slovenia (in fact it's the only one), from which I get most of my informations regarding slovenian films, and because of the rise of DVDs, a number of slovenian is now appearing on DVD.
So I will try to share my experiences with slovenian films in this thread in the future. Feel free to add comments or reviews.
The thread will be divided into sections and directors in the future, when the need for it will become obvious.
For now i have 4 slovenian films waiting to be seen on my shelves, and 1 finished watching. Comments in the next post


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- 21 & over
- Two item minimum
- Special Event
Denver, CO
Comedy Central Certified
Share with your friends:
Nephew Tommy - *Special Engagement* (Special Event)
Purchase Tickets
Show Details
- Ticket Price: $22.00
- Door Time: 6:00 PM
- Show Type: Stand Up
21 & over
Two items minimum
Special Event
Performing Artists (Click on Artist for Reviews and Previews)
Nephew Tommy
Thomas Miles (aka Nephew Tommy) enrolled as the first black Theatre Arts major of Texas A&M University, he studied under Pulitzer Prize winning playwright Charles Gordone and trained with the Royal Shakespeare Company of London. His television and film work consist of appearances on Showtime at the Apollo, B.E.T., Sister-Sister, The Parkers. So how is Thomas Miles, selling out comedy shows across the country? Because he's Nephew Tommy that how, and a member of the number#1 syndicated morning show in the country. The Steve Harvey Morning Show! Thomas visited his uncle Steve Harvey at WBLS radio station in New York City for only a few weeks and one year later he is now part of one of the most successful start-up Nationally Syndicated Morning Show in history. The syndicated Steve Harvey Morning Show is number #1 nationally in the following demos, 18-34, 18-49 and 25-54 and can be heard in nearly 50 markets including New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Dallas, Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Orlando, New Orleans, Detroit, Tampa, Miami, St. Louis, Pittsburgh and Kansas City. When you're hot everybody wants to see you and that includes Thomas Miles. He is leaving comedy clubs across the country filled with laughter and an endless number of standing ovations. Thomas Miles aka Nephew Tommy is Hot
ALL SALES ARE FINAL - There are NO REFUNDS, CANCELLATIONS, TRANSFERS or EXCHANGES for tickets. Be sure that you select the correct date and time for the show you want to see. Tickets purchased for the wrong show date or time CANNOT be exchanged or TRANSFERRED to a different show date or time. Please make your purchase carefully.
Upcoming Shows
- Fri 12.2.16 - 12.4.16 Faizon Love Buy Tickets
- Wed 12.7.16 - 6:00 PM A Freaking Fun Funny Time with Olan Buy Tickets
- Thu 12.8.16 - 12.11.16 Finesse Mitchell Buy Tickets
- Thu 12.15.16 - 12.18.16 brandt Tobler Buy Tickets
- Thu 12.15.16 - 12.18.16 Jeff Dye Buy Tickets
- Tue 12.20.16 - 12.23.16 Dante Buy Tickets
See All Shows


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Follow @DaytimeRoyalty
|Viewing Single Post From: New Petition to fire Higley
|Nov 16 2008, 04:03 PM
Yep. That is the main problem and I think that is what has caused Corday's kneejerk reactions in the past decade. There are so many fan groups out there that when he listens to one, he pisses another off. He then tries to please the one he pissed off but pisses another group off and so on.
You can't please everyone and the show just needs to reinvent itself, commit to a direction, and stay with it. Whoever you lose, you lose. It may not work in the end but it worked in the 80's and 90's.
|New Petition to fire Higley · DAYS: News, Spoilers & Discussion


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Fruit Loops
December 1st, 2009
The boredom on this vacation was all-inclusive.
(submitted by Tina)
Simon says "grab the left arm of the person on your right". Out!
smack those kids with the exotic fruit on the hats. PLEASE
What's really funny, at least to me, is I look exactly like the guy in the back. I showed my wife and she agreed and said, "that's a face you would make too".
Then why isn't your pic on here? Prove it!
Apparently they decided to go on vacation in the Dominican after all the rooms at Hotel Guantanamo were booked.
hey! I'm heading there in a couple days on a cruise… no joke
The guy at the back looks like he's having a stroke. and not the brain/heart injury kind ;p
The funniest part is they actually paid $10 for this picture!
they obviously didn't know what the Spanish word for "look at the camera" was
The ladies in Dominican Rebpulic always look like that when they are a few hours into their shifts. It is hot and the airport is open air((( NO AC. But you knwo what it's still a fun destination!
I think the son is a zombie…
A little of the right makeup and the guy in the back could be a zombie
no way:O i went there a few years ago!
Too many pina coladas?
I'm Chiquita Banana and I'm here to reveal…I am the best banana, it's on the peel…
At least the daughter didn't turn into a zombie on the vacation, however, she's clearly not looking forward to trying to get her zombie family through security.
Unfortunately, Steve (rear) was the first hostage to succumb to the Jamaican Witch Queens' spell…
Ned Colletti – is that you?
I thought Punta was a naughty word in Spanish.
"Punta" means "point" or "peak". If you eliminate the "n" in "punta" then it becomes a naughty word that means, basically, lady of the evening…
Trying desperately to keep this clean but still educational.
Who says the internet isn't educational? %-)
The guy in the back had an uncomfortable trip over the border…he looks totally baked
They just found out the fruit hats were not part of the "all-inclusive".
Guy in the back just realized that if you wash the fruit with local water it is just the same reaction as drinking the local water….just a little too late.
Oh man, that happened to me! I was on the toilet for a month, so I don't blame him for feeling that shock!
they take this mandatory picture of you when you get off the plane in punta cana, DR. i'm sure there are a TON more just like this, with people all weirded out and confused….
Yes! I am sure there is the exact same awkward photo of me out there. They shuffle you through all these lines of people and before you know it you are having your picture taken after 5 hours on a plane. Booo!!
Welcome to Fantasy Island!
LOL, I find this hilarious since all the times I've been to DR I have never seen this done. I guess being Dominican-American puts me on a non-scam line. And yet they all know I wasn't born there the minute I speak Spanish.
I'm Dominican American and I had this done. This might be exclusive to the Punta Cana airport?
Yes, we were in DR in March and we have this horrible photo in an envelope somewhere. They take your photo and then have it up in the airport for your return flight, when you can purchase it (if only so no one else can gaze at your awkwardness!). It's almost like blackmail.
For the future, folks, "No!" is the same in English and Spanish.
She must've been so proud to pull off the 'ole purse-matches-the-fruit-hat caper. Niiiice.
At least the locals are smiling. Then again, they're being paid to do that…
Why do i want to call that guy in back Bernie. hmmm Taking a Cruise with Bernie.
Well, I guess we can tell whose idea that vacation was.
Gee, I'm from Washington state so when I think of tropical fruit apples don't exactly come to mind……
Same here…(from mid-west)
Or sunflowers, for that matter.
The gal on the right has sereval different varieties of apples on her hat! Hilarious!
I think the guy at the back is checking to make sure he doesn't have any fruit baskets on his head.
You never know.
poor ladies in crazy hats. imagine embracing strange white people all day for a living with fruit on your head.
The job ad just said exciting work in the travel industry. It didn't say anything about stinking fruit hats! (Do you think they freshen the fruit every day?)
HAHAHA. that's funny.
At least Mom looks like she's having fun…..
I think the guy in the back had a few too many shots on the cruise!


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Sultry Star Mayra Veronica Exposes Love For Pinup Queen Bettie Page
When Bettie Page Clothing recently chose Mayra Veronica to be their spokesmodel, it proved to be a perfect fit. Like the late Bettie Page, whose appropriately crowned the "queen of the pinups" for being the most photographed bombshell ever, the 33-year-old brunette beauty is a modern-day sex symbol in her own right. The Cuban-born model's never-ending curves have graced the pages of countless magazines, and it's of no surprise she was named the United States Marines' "Favorite Pinup Girl" and USO spokeswoman. And when she's not traveling overseas to entertain the troops, she records music to tantalize the senses, like the temperature rising "Freak Like Me." And while some may view Veronica as all body, there's more to this Latin star than her famous assets. Starpulse.com chatted with Veronica about joining Bettie Page Clothing, why she can't get enough of the pinup queen, and whether she'll ultimately make a grand debut in burlesque.
What prompted you to join the Bettie Page Clothing family as their spokeswoman?
Mayra Veronica: I remember being in college and writing a thesis report about the modern-day woman. I emphasized how important the feminist movement was in our evolution, because we had to become as tough as men to receive our equal rights. However, I also felt it was time to allow our inherent characteristics of softness shine through. With our equal rights we can now be the feminine, soft, spiritual, intuitive beings that we are. When I was writing this report I always envisioned a classy, sexy, extremely feminine being at the core of this new movement, where a woman was allowed to be a woman, without taking anything away from her independence, intellect, or charm. Pencil skirts and form-fitting dresses were at the forefront of my ideal modern woman.
Is their retro-inspired couture a new look for you?
Mayra Veronica: Pinup is not new to me, I feel it's who I have always been. Bettie Page Clothing's co-CEO Jan Glaser and designer Tatyana saw this in me as well, and reached out. I had already fallen in love with their brand, and was an avid customer. They saw how perfect this partnership would be, given, like Bettie Page, my involvement with our troops. I truly believe their stores are revolutionizing not just our fashion industry, but it's also at the forefront of a historical change in women's history. It is also at the forefront of bringing back the feminine in our species.
How did Bettie Page served as a major inspiration for you?
Mayra Veronica: I believe Bettie Page, the artist, was part of an era, searching to find that freedom of expression. She was the queen of pinups because it was all she did. Bettie Page was not about movies or music. She was a complete pinup and will forever be the queen of it. I believe Bettie, at some point, allowed stigma to get the best of her and decided to bow out gracefully from the industry. In hindsight I wish she hadn't. I wish she would have gone on in her old age to teach young girls the importance of that nature within us. Her art is an inspiration to me as a woman. However, I would have done a few things differently, beginning with not giving in to popular stigmata. Embracing her iconic status may have been a bit overwhelming, which could have been the reason why she retired early. I wish she hadn't, though.
You've been named one of the sexiest women in the world and a favorite among the U.S. military for your photos. Do you see yourself as a sex symbol?
Mayra Veronica: I'm not sure if I see myself as a sex symbol, but I do agree the world does. Few people know I created that persona. A sex symbol possesses something you cannot quite put your finger on. All you know is that you feel it the minute they walk in a room. I knew I had that. Later on I realized it had more to do with my soul than with my physique. Those with an appealing physical shape are said to be sex symbols, but those with obvious talents and knowledge are also said to be the latter. Truth be told, it's actually that something you can't describe that makes someone a sex symbol. Few people know I completely created Mayra Veronica from scratch. I was simply a little plain kid with very big dreams who learned how to utilize universal laws in my favor, and who clearly went after them. I love my fans and know my pictures will live on way after I do.
What has been your experience like visiting the troops in Iraq?
Mayra Veronica: I have to say visiting the troops has been the best experience of my life. The sense of gratitude you come back with is insurmountable. Seeing our soldiers risk daily for us is humbling, to say the least. I have seen a sense of brotherhood not found anywhere else in the world, a sense of respect of honor and true dignity. They are true heroes. Visiting the hospitals in Germany made me realize how grateful we need to be and how blessed we are. I discovered so much more goes into being a sex symbol. A sense of speaking one-on-one with many of these young men and women, it's a surreal experience. One I would not trade for the world.
What are your thoughts on other modern pinups, such as Dita Von Teese, who are also inspired by Bettie Page and incorporate that old school glamour look into everyday wear?
Mayra Veronica: I absolutely love Dita's work. She too, has been an inspiration for me when it comes to pinups. The difference being, Dita holds truer to the old school pinup in her shows and image. I like to think I have revamped the era into a new movement for today's woman. I believe with the help of the Bettie Page Clothing line, I am taking our young women into a new age of sexiness and class, incorporating intellect, style, and soul in each article of clothing.
Any chance you'll do burlesque yourself?
Mayra Veronica: I have in the past, although not as PG as we're intending the future shows to be *laughs.*


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post5037741605755364928..comments2016-12-10T12:49:49.227-05:00Comments on Backreaction: Röser's equation, againSabine Hossenfelderhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-31482928018422615542012-02-14T16:31:23.106-05:002012-02-14T16:31:23.106-05:00Clifford of Asymptotia has a new entry which may b...Clifford of Asymptotia has a new entry which may be of use in the further study here.

Best,Platohttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-1957027937997596772009-08-06T07:45:15.488-04:002009-08-06T07:45:15.488-04:00Phil, The ecosystem of science needs many differe...Phil,

The ecosystem of science needs many different species of personalities and abilities.

On top of that comes the issue of how best to organize them.Arunhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-69955315708807027412009-08-06T00:12:32.288-04:002009-08-06T00:12:32.288-04:00Thoughts on the universe:) Run-of-the-mill compou...Thoughts on the universe:)

Run-of-the-mill compound becomes superstar.

 Historically one had to know where such excitement begins and then looking at periodic table one wonders even further at what is displayed for our viewers in the supernova to have been witness to something in the milliseconds that exists before, as to what's now measured .

What shows itself first in elemental consideration that such transmission could have said, "this element first" and then, "this one."

So not only do you push back time, but you look to what was "easily transmitted," before "time" essentially began?

Best,Platohttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-33165329524662572312009-08-05T17:44:28.186-04:002009-08-05T17:44:28.186-04:00Hi Zephir, your last few comments have been dele...Hi Zephir,

your last few comments have been deleted, because (1) we don't appreciate promotion of private theories via links, as has been announced to you before, and (2) I was just shocked a bit to see that this post appears prominently when googling for the substance allegedly showing a record superconductive transition temperature of 185.6 Kelvin. Frankly, this claim is now one year and a half old, occurs on an obscure website only, and I have not the impression that any details have been published or that there has been any independent confirmation. I do not want this post to promulgate information I judge unreliable, misleading or outright false on important issues as this one.

Actually, when you have read my original post attentively and came to the conclusion that the Röser formula, at the end of the day, may boil down to numerology, you have got the point.

Thanks, Stefanstefanhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-84248853053819324632009-08-05T11:38:01.462-04:002009-08-05T11:38:01.462-04:00Bee and Stefan, This is a great post and the phys...Bee and Stefan,

This is a great post and the physics could well be timely. I encourage you to exercise your authority as the maestri, mavens, whatever, of this blog and not try to inject information into impenetrable skulls. Please follow Georg's excellent advice.

Regards,
PeterPeter Orlandhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-33335574296827126652009-08-04T18:57:11.563-04:002009-08-04T18:57:11.563-04:00Zephir, I had no time to read to this long commen...Zephir,

I had no time to read to this long comment thread over the day, and indeed, it is exactly as my wife said, Stefan said he doesn't believe a word because you haven't provided a reference.

To get back to the starting point of this exchange, did you claim that the superconductors with the highest known transition temperatures are quasicrystals, or did you not?

To my knowledge, there are quasicrystals which are superconductors (no wonder, as most non-magnetic metal alloys show superconductivity at low enough temperatures), and the situation for metallic glasses may be similar.

But now, also to my best knowledge, the layered cuprate and iron pnictide superconductors are neither quasicrystals nor metallic glasses. If I am wrong, please correct me and hint me to the relevant crystallographic references.

You are of course free to claim otherwise, but as it seems that you then will have to convince not just me, but thousands of mineralogists and crystallographers, you better provide solid data and evidence for this claim, and more than a reference to some "aether wave theory".

Best, Stefanstefanhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-85445940015836402202009-08-04T14:56:08.566-04:002009-08-04T14:56:08.566-04:00......It is considered poor form to raise such a c.........It is considered poor form to raise such a comparison arbitrarily with the motive of ending the thread. ...Platohttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-4890201234191901302009-08-04T14:08:36.105-04:002009-08-04T14:08:36.105-04:00rosers equation and godwins law ...two eternal mys...rosers equation and godwins law
...two eternal firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-67002443271955581762009-08-04T14:07:21.780-04:002009-08-04T14:07:21.780-04:00Cosmologically I am one staring toward the heavens...Cosmologically I am one staring toward the heavens, while theoretically trying to reproduce the event on earth? :)

The second phase brings the sector to 4.5 K using enormous refrigerators. Each sector has its own refrigerator and each of the main magnets is filled with liquid helium, the coolant of choice for the LHC because it is the only element to be in a liquid state at such a low temperature. See:For the first time the LHC reaches temperatures colder than outer space

Like "three body problem" and Lagrangian identification of "fastest satellite pathways" bring to my mind the Meissner effect.

Viscosity and fluidity of transfer and relations, would help conceptually such inclinations to temperature and particulate "impurity additions" to detail such freedoms of transfer of info? Tunneling? As well to identify metallic origins contain in the earth too, change "object differentiation," as a method to future travel?

Particulate experimentally measured as to resistance and temp variation?

LHC proton/proton collisions and speed of light.

One is trying to "push back perspective?" Top down.

 Limitations had been reached to identify faster then light in mediums and resulting info in backdrop measures(Ice and Sno). At what point?

 Help to ascertain moments within supernova explosions to identify gravitational beginnings? How far into the event?

Researchers hope to use the detection of neutrinos from the next nearby supernova to pinpoint the moment when gravitational waves--which have never been directly observed--should be detectable.

Best,Platohttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-2712920200126486682009-08-04T12:45:33.430-04:002009-08-04T12:45:33.430-04:00Sure. You too, have a nice day. B.Sure. You too, have a nice day.

B.Beehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-50696609323488717722009-08-04T12:44:33.505-04:002009-08-04T12:44:33.505-04:00"Dopant separation" appears to be locall..."Dopant separation" appears to be locally scaled (fractional coordinates within a unit cell; x/a, y/b, z/c) not absolute. Lowering symmetry with partial atom substitution (doping) creates a much larger superlattice unit cell. If the original active atom spacing was 0.5 nm, it remains 0.5 nm. If the superlattice unit cell is ten times larger on each side, that same 0.5 nm spacing is now ten times smaller by relative measure.

Do you wish to draw supercon wires? Current materials are highly anisotropic lamellar (like clays). They have huge unit cells. They cannot be synthesized in situ like brittle niobium bronzes. They will not be ductile and cannot be drawn into wire.

Phonon-coupled high temp supercons are not useful until somebody drastically changes their physical properties. Little's exciton-coupled organic polymer high temp supercons can now be trivially synthesized. They are condemned on untested theoretical grounds and "should not be synthesized" to look.

BCS theory is remarkably robust. The BCS mechanism will not perform above ~25 K for thermal softening of photon modes. That is why MgB2, Tc = 39 K, was discovered by an undergraduate doing scut work and zero progress has been made over nine years since. Professional management demands theory be validated by experiment. Professional science demands theory be falsified by experiment. The Church is winning not by inflicting its dogma but by inculcating its methods.

You don't synthesize stuff you are told to make, you synthesize stuff you need to have. Will MgB2's anionic boron web survive reaction with dodecyl dimethyl chlorosilane or a reactive PEO oligomer? Now you have plastics solvent spinable as filament. Redox dope to restore mobile charges.

Do Little, too. If they don't work you lost a lab week or two. If they do work you will be discharged for cause - insubordination. That is why "cutting edge" research is now chronic unproductive crap.Uncle Alhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-87075547347585574872009-08-04T12:44:32.732-04:002009-08-04T12:44:32.732-04:00/*..I have not deleted yet any of your comments in.../*..I have not deleted yet any of your comments in this thread..*/
OK - and I still appreciate it!

I assure you, I'm not angry at all at anyone here - I just want to demonstrate some natural patterns in human communication, which prohibits us to exchange information more fluently.

Anyway, have a nice day, Z.Zephirhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-21036336791519242202009-08-04T12:31:11.432-04:002009-08-04T12:31:11.432-04:00You know, anger and excessive arrogance isn't ...You know, anger and excessive arrogance isn't very tactical stance here.

It's called projection.Beehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-11335225038799591232009-08-04T12:25:27.976-04:002009-08-04T12:25:27.976-04:00so I don't understand quite your question. Do ...so I don't understand quite your question. Do you?

Zephir: I have not deleted yet any of your comments in this thread, so what are you complaining about? I have deleted comments of yours on other threads because you had added links to your site which I count as spam.

Were you just saying Hitler's use of "we" referred to his husband and him?Beehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-64827709717443980572009-08-04T12:24:08.562-04:002009-08-04T12:24:08.562-04:00Please feel free to delete all my posts, as I'...Please feel free to delete all my posts, as I've backup copy already.

I'll use this discussion (like many others) to analyze the source of conceptual problems of contemporary physics later.

You know, anger and excessive arrogance isn't very tactical stance here.Zephirhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-53256946603318777062009-08-04T12:19:08.732-04:002009-08-04T12:19:08.732-04:00/*..what exactly is your problem with me speaking .../*..what exactly is your problem with me speaking for both my husband and me if he is at work and can't reply..*/
Well, because it's a sort of manipulative behavior. It's well known, demagogic politicians like Stalin, Hitler etc. misused the "we" pronoun for manipulation of masses. It's nothing personal from my side, as I don't like manipulation in general - it prohibits us in seeing of things clearly.

/*..Exactly what have I allegedly "cencored"? ..*/
You wrote yesterday:

"During the last weeks I've deleted several of your comments and another one in this comment section. Would you please keep..", etc..

so I don't understand quite your question. Do you?

/*...this is *not*, I repeat *not*, the place for you to promote your alternative explanations of something...*/
I don't understand, why are you analyzing Roser equation in public just here, after then. In fact, every other comment would be off-topic in this perspective. Are you interested about origin or Roser equation or not?

Are you still interested, what the "Open Science" means?Zephirhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-15904241996761031722009-08-04T11:53:10.849-04:002009-08-04T11:53:10.849-04:00Zephir: At first, please speak for yourself, at ...Zephir:

At first, please speak for yourself, at second, please feel free to prove, my explanation is NO explanation - and I'll shut up by your command.

What exactly is your problem with me speaking for both my husband and me if he is at work and can't reply?

LOL, I was censored and attempted to silence here already - so why I shouldn't consider Miss Bee a Jesuit instead of me?

Exactly what have I allegedly "cencored"? Your comments are so far complete, but I am pretty close to deleting all of them since you are only contributing off-topic self-promotion that isn't useful neither for our readers nor us.

If you cannot prove it, you have NO explanation for your stance

The only "stance" I've tried to get across, Zephir, is that this is *not*, I repeat *not*, the place for you to promote your alternative explanations of something. Please do this elsewhere. If you're pissed off because I'm not interested in your great insights, fine. I could care less. I am also absolutely not interested in you complaints about the academic system.

I hope that was clear. One more off-topic comment of yours and all your comments go out the window.

Best,

B.Beehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-421805884612168382009-08-04T11:45:54.421-04:002009-08-04T11:45:54.421-04:00IMO the problem of HT superconductivity understand...IMO the problem of HT superconductivity understanding is mainly the matter of mechanisms, which prohibited mainstream science to consider simplest explanation from its very begining (in accordance to Occam's razor principle).

It's not technical - but mostly social problem. I can demonstrate it on many other examples.Zephirhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-17114438553953412532009-08-04T11:38:18.158-04:002009-08-04T11:38:18.158-04:00LOL, I was censored and attempted to silence here ...LOL, I was censored and attempted to silence here already - so why I shouldn't consider Miss Bee a Jesuit instead of me? Even usage of "we" pronoun during presentation of personal opinion can be classified as an attempt for manipulation of readers - so I refused it assertively. Stop the demagogy and labelling of opponents - or I can feel like Galileo here easily...

People become uncommunicative or even dismissive suddenly, when they met with some new idea from person, which isn't apparent authority, because they risking their social status. This is natural stance.Zephirhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-53909303191196094292009-08-04T11:00:59.348-04:002009-08-04T11:00:59.348-04:00Hello Stefan, Bee, this "Zephir" seems t...Hello Stefan, Bee,
this "Zephir" seems to be a natural
born Jesuit. I recommend You stop
to try to "educate" him, just erase
his posts, when they are off topic.
Regards
GeorgGeorghttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-65964255856659791692009-08-04T10:54:18.257-04:002009-08-04T10:54:18.257-04:00/*..we don't accept are NO explanations..*/ In.../*..we don't accept are NO explanations..*/
Indeed. At first, please speak for yourself, at second, please feel free to prove, my explanation is NO explanation - and I'll shut up by your command.

If you cannot prove it, you have NO explanation for your stance - so I can say easily, we are facing pathological skepticism, again. The refusal of some explanation isn't so free game, as you and other skeptics probably believe - it should be based on the predicate logic in the same way, like original explanation.

The fact, you didn't understand my explanation is irrelevant, until you prove, my explanation is inconsistent with respect of predicate logics, i.e. it cannot be understood at all. Without it we could say, every explanation is BS.Zephirhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-26192938496623150182009-08-04T10:44:31.432-04:002009-08-04T10:44:31.432-04:00OK, Bee... my very last few questions are 1) did ...OK, Bee... my very last few questions are

1) did someone understand my explanation of HT superconductivity (i.e. can someone reproduce it by its own words)?
2) If yes, do you personally consider such explanation difficult and/or ad-hoced?
3) If not, can anyone explain, why such explanation wasn't proposed and checked before many years already?

We are dealing with limits of so called "scientific method" by now.Zephirhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-56185163811230579962009-08-04T10:15:05.567-04:002009-08-04T10:15:05.567-04:00Zephir: This is why physicists cannot accept new e...Zephir: This is why physicists cannot accept new explanations, no matter how simple they're are -

What we don't accept are NO explanations, and that's why Stefan asked for a reference. In any case, I suggest you keep your "deeper insight from more general perspective" to your own blog and focus on the topic of this post. Which is Röser's work. Thanks,

B.Beehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-11857683565163583812009-08-04T10:05:12.639-04:002009-08-04T10:05:12.639-04:00/*.. he doesn't believe a word because you hav.../*.. he doesn't believe a word because you haven't provided a reference..*/
This is why physicists cannot accept new explanations, no matter how simple they're are - they're indeed "missing a reference". Such approach leads to blind development of ad-hoced formal regressions based on existing theories without deeper insight from more general perspective.Zephirhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-22973357.post-68677620528886501722009-08-04T09:54:03.049-04:002009-08-04T09:54:03.049-04:00/*..how this is consistent with any known theory...../*..how this is consistent with any known theory..*/
The question is, which theory or explanation mainstream community is willing to consider as a "known"...;-) But this is not my problem.

Superconductivity (SC) is complex phenomena, AWT explanation is based on EM-EM interactions and it's relevant for highest temperature. As the temperature decreases, spin-spin and phonon interactions take place so that Collin Humphreys', BEC and BCS models becoming relevant gradually due the gradual degree of condensation (1D EM interaction >> 2D spin-EM coupling ~ 3D spin-spin interactions > 1D spin-phonon interactions). In addition, at the presence of paramagnetic atoms spin interaction and 3D models of SC are more preferred (oxypnictides). In thin layers SC gets degenerated into 1D and surface plasmons and/or Bloch waves are getting into game.

So it's rather ineffective try to find a general superconductivity model without ab-initio calculations. From practical purposes only the simplest AWT model of HT superconductivity is relevant, because we are interested just about room temperature SC without additional effects - or not? Such mechanism requires nontrivial geometry though - so that theorists struggling with more complex models, which are more accessible experimentally.Zephirhttp://email@example.com


text:
Comparative Bioavailability in Healthy Elderly Volunteers
This study has been completed.
TauRx Therapeutics Ltd
Quotient Clinical
Information provided by:
TauRx Therapeutics Ltd
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: December 2, 2010
Last updated: NA
Last verified: December 2010
History: No changes posted
|Tracking Information
|First Received Date ICMJE
|December 2, 2010
|Last Updated Date
|December 2, 2010
|Start Date ICMJE
|February 2010
|Primary Completion Date
|April 2010 (final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Relative bioavailability [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Investigate the relative bioavailability of TRx0037 and TRx0014 at two molar equivalent doses in healthy elderly male and female (post-menopausal/non-childbearing) subjects
|Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Same as current
|Change History
|No Changes Posted
|Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluations of the two dose levels of TRx0037 and TRx0014.
|Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Same as current
|Current Other Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Original Other Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Descriptive Information
|Brief Title ICMJE
|Comparative Bioavailability in Healthy Elderly Volunteers
|Official Title ICMJE
|Comparative Bioavailability of TRx0037 and TRx0014 in Healthy Elderly Volunteers
|Brief Summary
|A randomised four way crossover design in which each subject will receive two dose levels of TRx-0037 and two doses of TRx-0014 over approximately a four week period in randomised order.
|Detailed Description
|Not Provided
|Study Type ICMJE
|Study Phase
|Phase 1
|Study Design ICMJE
|Allocation: Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Bio-availability Study
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Basic Science
|Condition ICMJE
|Alzheimer's Disease
|Intervention ICMJE
|Drug: TRx0037
|Study Arm (s)
|Publications *
|Not Provided
* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline.
|Recruitment Information
|Recruitment Status ICMJE
|Enrollment ICMJE
|Completion Date
|April 2010
|Primary Completion Date
|April 2010 (final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Eligibility Criteria ICMJE
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
|55 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers
|Contacts ICMJE
|Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
|Listed Location Countries ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Removed Location Countries
|Administrative Information
|NCT Number ICMJE
|Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE
|Has Data Monitoring Committee
|Plan to Share Data
|Not Provided
|IPD Description
|Not Provided
|Responsible Party
|Professor Claude M. Wischik, Chairman, TauRx Therapeutics Ltd
|Study Sponsor ICMJE
|TauRx Therapeutics Ltd
|Collaborators ICMJE
|Quotient Clinical
|Investigators ICMJE
|Information Provided By
|TauRx Therapeutics Ltd
|Verification Date
|December 2010
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP


text:
Brief Summary
With some 960-1200 species,(1,2) the characids, sometimes called characins,(1,3,4) are the fourth-most-diverse fish family.(2) These freshwater fish can be found from Texas, USA (1,3) all the way down to the northern part of Patagonia in Argentina,(2) in streams, rivers, and even underwater caves,(3,4,5,6) but the greatest variety of species occurs in the basins of the Amazon, La Plata, and Orinoco rivers.(2) The group's diversity and the dispute over its delineation (2,7) make it difficult to state its defining characteristics; characids range in length from under 3 cm(1,3) to over 100 cm,(1) come in many different colors and patterns, and have varying habits.(4) Some, most notably some piranhas, are fierce predators.(4,7) Others often eat fruits that have fallen off of rainforest trees and disperse the seeds, unintentionally helping the trees reproduce.(4,6) Some characids are used as food sources by humans,(1,4) and some, such as the small brightly-colored tetras and the flying fish known as hatchetfish, are popular choices for aquariums.(1,3,4,7)
If you've ever been to an aquarium—or taken a dip in the Amazon River—chances are you've seen some characids. Also called characins,(1,2,3) characids are the family of fish with the fourth highest number of species:(4) between 960 and 1,200 (1,4). These freshwater fish are native to rivers, streams and even underwater caves(1,2,3,5,6) from Texas (1,2) all the way down to southern Argentina,(4) with the greatest variety of species in South American river basins such as the Amazon, La Plata, and Orinoco.(4) The group's amazing diversity and the ongoing dispute over which exact species should belong in it (4,7) make it hard to list its defining characteristics; these fish range in size from less than 3 cm (1,2) to over 100 cm long,(1) and show a wide variety of colors, patterns, and habits.(3) Some of these fish, such as some of the famous piranhas, are fierce predators.(3,7) Others often eat fruits that have fallen off of rainforest trees and spread the seeds, unintentionally helping new trees grow.(3,6) Some characids are fished for food by people.(1,3) Others, such as the many kinds of brightly-colored tetras and the flying fish known as hatchetfish, are familiar faces in aquariums.(1,2,3,7)
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.3 - 2
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.3 - 2
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage
Specimen Records:32
Specimens with Sequences:20
Specimens with Barcodes:20
Species With Barcodes:2
Public Records:0
Public Species:0
Public BINs:0
Statistics of barcoding coverage
Specimen Records:8841
Specimens with Sequences:6402
Specimens with Barcodes:6289
Species With Barcodes:434
Public Records:1373
Public Species:166
Public BINs:180
Barcode data
Characidae, the characids or characins is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish, belonging to the order Characiformes. The name "characins" is the historical one,[2] but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a by and large monophyletic group at family rank. To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes that remain in the Characidae for the time being are the tetras, comprising the very similar genera Hemigrammus and Hyphessobrycon, as well as a few related forms such as the cave and neon tetras. Fish of this family are important as food and also include popular aquarium fish species.[3]
These fish vary in length, though many are less than 3 cm (1 in). The smallest species[citation needed] grows to a maximum length of 13 mm (0.5 in).[1]
These fish inhabit a wide range and a variety of habitats. They originate in the Americas, ranging from southwestern Texas and Mexico through Central and South America.[3] Many of these fish come from rivers, but, for example, the blind cave tetra even inhabits caves.
This family has undergone a large amount of systematic and taxonomic change. More recent revision has moved many former members of the family into their own related but distinct families - the pencilfishes of the genus Nannostomus are a typical example, having now been moved into the Lebiasinidae, the assorted predatory species belonging to Hoplias and Hoplerythrinus have now been moved into the Erythrinidae, and the sabre-toothed fishes of the genus Hydrolycus have been moved into the Cynodontidae. The former subfamily Alestiinae was promoted to family level (Alestiidae) and the subfamilies Crenuchinae and Characidiinae were moved to the family Crenuchidae.[3]
Other fish families that were formerly classified as members of the Characidae, but which were moved into separate families of their own during recent taxonomic revisions (after 1994) include Acestrorhynchidae, Anostomidae, Chilodontidae, Citharinidae, Ctenoluciidae, Curimatidae, Distichodontidae, Gasteropelecidae, Hemiodontidae, Hepsetidae, Parodontidae, Prochilodontidae,[citation needed] Serrasalmidae, and Triporthidae.[4]
The larger piranhas were originally classified as belonging to the Characidae, but various revisions place them in their own related family, the Serrasalmidae. This reassignment has yet to enjoy universal acceptance, but is gaining in popularity among taxonomists working with these fishes. Given the current state of flux of the Characidae, a number of other changes will doubtless take place, reassigning once-familiar species to other families. Indeed, the entire phylogeny of the Ostariophysi - fishes possessing a Weberian apparatus - has yet to be settled conclusively. Until that phylogeny is settled, the opportunity for yet more upheavals within the taxonomy of the characoid fishes is considerable.
Subfamilies and genera[edit]
The subfamilies currently recognized by most if not all authors, and some of their genera, are:[1][5][6]
Subfamily Aphyocharacinae
Subfamily Aphyoditeinae
Subfamily Bryconinae
Subfamily Characinae
Subfamily Cheirodontinae
Subfamily Gymnocharacinae
Subfamily Heterocharacinae
Subfamily Iguanodectinae
Subfamily Rhoadsiinae
Subfamily Salmininae
Subfamily Stethaprioninae
Subfamily Stevardiinae
Subfamily Tetragonopterinae
Genera incertae sedis[edit]
A large number of taxa in this family are incertae sedis. The relationships of many fish in this family – in particular species traditionally placed in the Tetragonopterinae, which had become something of a "wastebin taxon" – are poorly known,[3] a comprehensive phylogenetic study for the entire family is needed.[1] The genera Hyphessobrycon, Astyanax, Hemigrammus, Moenkhausia, and Bryconamericus include the largest number of currently recognized species among characid fishes that are in need of revision;[8] Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon in the usual delimitation are among the largest genera in this family.[3] These genera were originally proposed between 1854 and 1908 and are still more or less defined as by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1917, though diverse species have been added to each genus since that time. The anatomical diversity within each genus, the fact that each of these generic groups at the present time cannot be well-defined, and the high number of species involved are the major reasons for the lack of phylogenetic analyses dealing with the relationships of the species within these generic "groups".[8]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Characidae.
- ^ a b c d e FishBase (2011)
- ^ Characinae, recently narrowly defined, covers only twelve genera and 79 species closely related to Charax (George M.T. Mattox, Monica Toledo-Piza, "Phylogenetic study of the Characinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)" Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 165.4:809–915, August 2012).
- ^ a b c d e Nelson (2006)
- ^ Oliveira, C., Avelino, G.S., Abe, K.T., Mariguela, T.C., Benine, R.C., Orti, G., Vari, R.P., & Correa e Castro, R.M. (2011): Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11: 275. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-275
- ^ a b Malabarba, L.R. & Jerep, F.C. (2012): A New Genus and Species of Cheirodontine Fish from South America (Teleostei: Characidae). Copeia, 2012 (2): 243-250.
- ^ a b Netto-Ferreira, A.L., Birindelli, J.L.O., de Sousa, L.M., Mariguela, T.C. & Oliveira, C. (2013): A New Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data. PLoS ONE, 8 (1): e52098. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052098
- ^ Mattox, G.M.T., Britz, R., Toledo-Piza, M. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2013): Cyanogaster noctivaga, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature fish from the Rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4) [2012]: 297-318.
- ^ a b de Lucena (2003)
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Characidae" in FishBase. October 2011 version.
- de Lucena, Carlos Alberto Santos (2003): New characid fish, Hyphessobrycon scutulatus, from the rio Teles Pires drainage, upper rio Tapajós system (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 1(2): 93-96. PDF fulltext
- Géry, Jacques (1977): Characoids of the World. ISBN 0-87666-458-3
- Nelson, Joseph S. (2006): Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7
Serrasalmidae is a family of characiform fishes, recently elevated to family status. The name means "serrated salmon family", which refers to the serrated keel running along the belly of these fish. Fish classified as Serrasalmidae are also known by these common names: pacu, piranha, and silver dollar. These common names generally designate differing dental characteristics and feeding habits.[2]
Serrasalmids are medium- to large-sized characiform fishes that reach about 1 m (3.3 ft) long, generally characterized by a deep, laterally compressed body with a series of midventral abdominal spines or scutes, and a long dorsal fin (over 16 rays). Most species also possess an anteriorly directed spine just before the dorsal fin extending from a supraneural bone; exceptions include members of the genera Colossoma, Piaractus, and Mylossoma.[3]
Most serrasalmids have about 60 chromosomes, ranging from 54 to 62.Metynnis has 62 chromosomes, as does Catoprion, Pristobrycon striolatus, and Pygopristis.[4]
Serrasalmids inhabit all major and some minor Atlantic river systems in South America, but have been introduced to other areas.[5] Species range from about 10°N latitude south to about 35°S latitude.[6]
The diets of the various serrasalmid fishes include seeds, fruits, leaves, and various invertebrate and vertebrate prey, as well as fish flesh, scales, and fins. To emphasize the diversity of diets, authors commonly highlight the fruit- and leaf-eating pacus and the highly carnivorous piranhas. Most in the family other than piranhas are primarily herbivorous. In contrast, piranhas long believed to be strict carnivores.[4] Many species change diets depending on age and resource availability.[4]
Serrasalmidae were recently classified as a subfamily of Characidae. The relationship of Serrasalmidae to other characiforms has yet to be determined.[6] The taxonomy and systematics of piranhas and their relatives are complicated and much remains unsettled. Consequently, both species identification and phylogenetic placement of many taxa are problematic.[6]
However, the ongoing classification of these fish is difficult and often contentious, with ichthyologists basing ranks according to characteristics that may overlap irregularly (see Cladistics). DNA research sometimes confounds rather than clarifies species ranking.[citation needed] Ultimately, classifications can be rather arbitrary.[2]
Despite this, Serrasalmidae are relatively well understood, and agreement is wide on the genera and species included.[3]
Fossil record[edit]
The fossil record, particularly for piranhas, is relatively sparse. Most known fossils are from the Miocene, although a few unidentified forms are considered Paleocene and two reportedly date to as early as the Late Cretaceous.[4] Fossils of a living species of Colossoma from the Miocene have been described, suggesting a very conservative history for a specialized herbivorous fish.[5] All serrasalmine genera had originated by the middle Miocene, with the possible exception of three of the four piranha genera (Pygocentrus, Pristobrycon, and Serrasalmus).[4]
Relationship to humans[edit]
Many serrasalmids are in demand as aquarium ornamentals, and several pacus, such as Piaractus and Colossoma, are economically important to commercial fisheries and aquaculture.[6]
Piranhas are generally less valued, although they are commonly consumed by subsistence fishers and frequently sold for food in local markets. A few piranha species occasionally appear in the aquarium trade, and, in recent decades, dried specimens have been marketed as tourist souvenirs.[6] Piranhas occasionally bite and sometimes injure bathers and swimmers, but serious attacks are rare and the threat to humans has been exaggerated.[6] However, piranhas are a considerable nuisance to commercial and sport fishers because they steal bait, mutilate catch, damage nets and other gear, and may bite when handled.[6]
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). "Serrasalmidae" in FishBase. April 2013 version.
- ^ a b Magallanes, Frank (2006-04-06). "Subfamily Serrasalminae" (Website). Oregon Piranha Exotic Fish Exhibit.
- ^ a b Freeman 2007, p. 3
- ^ a b c d e Freeman 2007, pp. 6–7
- ^ a b Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
- ^ a b c d e f g Freeman, Barbie; Nico, Leo G.; Osentoski, Matthew; Jelks, Howard L.; Collins, Timothy M. (2007). "Molecular systematics of Serrasalmidae: Deciphering the identities of piranha species and unraveling their evolutionary histories" (PDF). Zootaxa 1484: 2. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
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General Hospital Spoilers For August 17 – 21.
Weddings, illnesses and suspicions.
Even though he's had second thoughts about his father's instructions to wed Kristina in order to bring Sonny down, Trey makes a surprising suggestion. He wants the wedding to be on camera for the thought-to-be defunct "Mob Princess." Will Kristina go along with his idea? More importantly, how will Sonny react? While he's planning his televised nuptials, Trey gets an unexpected visitor.
After Johnny consoles Carly at the hospital over Josslyn, he heads to the chapel. He prays, fearing Josslyn's life is in danger because of what he did to Cole and Hope. He later consoles Starr, who breaks down after spending time with Josslyn. Meanwhile, Todd offers Carly his support.
Jason's wariness of Ewen started when he learned the mysterious doctor left Liz on the beach on Spoon Island. His skepticism deepens when he suspects Ewen knows something about Joss and Alexis. As to be expected, he turns to his trusty cyber sidekick Spinelli to dig up information.
In other news, Shawn is affected by Alexis' illness, a mysterious plan is revealed and Lulu and Dante meet with Dr. Lee.
For more, be sure to check out Soaps.com's General Hospital Spoilers.
**Please be aware we have a link-only policy.**
For more on Alexis and Josslyn's mystery illness, watch the General Hospital Weekly Spoiler Video. Aiden Turner played Anna Devane's cousin Aidan on "All My Children" for years, but find out what the actor is up to now at Soaps.com's After the Soap Finales: Where Are They Now?
Join us on Twitter @soapoperafan and Facebook. You can also follow me on Twitter @LoriKWilson.
Photo credit: ABC
Fun fact! Lori Wilson wrote this story just for you on August 16th, 2012 |


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Borderlands 2's fourth and final campaign DLC title has been officially leaked. Introducing "Tiny Tina's Assault on Dragon Keep" starring none other than Tiny Tina. We say officially leaked, because at this point Gearbox has patented leaking marketing material intentionally for the sake of marketing. Today's leak comes from a quickly deleted Twitter post, according to the Reddit post I found that didn't name its source. Internet!
During Gearbox's PAX East panel they showed a clip of Tiny Tina playing some sort of Dungeons and Dragons style clone named "Bunkers and Badasses." Sitting around the table with her are Brick, Lilith and Mordecai, playing out a sort of mix between That 70's Show's spinning table when they're all ridiculously high and that popular internet video where the kid attack's the darkness. Let's be honest, it was cute, but otherwise pretty insanely hackneyed.
That said, it's tough not to be excited for the return of Tiny Tina, who is by far one of the best characters in Borderlands 2. In an insane world, you need insane characters, and she is definitely quite insane. Her as a dungeon master should be great.
No other official details on Borderlands 2's fourth and final campaign DLC, now known to be titled "Tiny Tina's Assault on Dragon Keep." I'm sure we'll likely hear more soon, as Gearbox's patented leaks always mark the start of some sort of advertising campaign. Expect a release date and more info soon -- I'm putting my money on a side story in a messed up D&D world, or maybe Tiny Tina actually build a whole castle? Hmm.