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This FAQ describes how Folding@home simulations work and why our methods benefit from distributed computing. This FAQ may be slightly technical, but aims for people who'd like to learn more about how this project works and how their computer is involved.
Table of Contents
Introduction – Why do proteins fold?
How does Folding@home simulate protein folding?
What are Markov State Models?
What do MSMs look like?
What is adaptive sampling, and how is it related to MSMs?
How do you build an MSM using adaptive sampling?
Aren't these the PRCG numbers?
Why is this approach particularly useful?
What are some of the applications for these techniques?
Who answered these questions?
Introduction – Why do proteins fold?
Proteins are trying to get into their most "comfortable" position, that is, where they are at the best energy equilibrium with their environment. Some proteins contain areas that are hydrophobic (hate water), so those sections of the protein will end up away from the aqueous environment by hiding in the middle of the folded protein. There are many other factors that drive the protein, but there are several different analogies that can be used to explain the general process.
For one, think of a huge beach ball bouncing down the side of a steep mountain. The ball will bounce many times as it descends and it will eventually stop. If you throw the beach ball down it again, there will be random variations in its path and it won't end up at the same place. If you repeat that process many, many times, you can determine that there is a statistical pattern to the final resting points. You can also see a statistical scattering in the amount of time it takes for the ball to stop. Most of the time the ball will end up at the bottom of the mountain, but occasionally it may end up in another nearby depression and never reach the lowest possible stopping point. There is a significant statistical nature to atomic motions much like this motion of the bouncing ball down the mountain. Normal folding is like all the times that the ball ends up at the lowest point. Misfolding is like when the ball ends up somewhere else.
In some respects, it's also similar to parallel-parking a car in a crowded street. At first, the car is exposed, and it usually takes several steps to properly park the car in the proper position. Sometimes it may be necessary to back out slightly and then try again. A protein does the same thing. An observer can watch a hundred similar cars being parked in that space, and they would come to understand the common ways of parking, and which methods work and which don't.
Like both examples, it's important for us to know about the motion of a folding protein, although we also want to know the intermediate steps along the way. Our simulation methods construct models of both of these properties. One way that makes Folding@home different from some other distributed computing projects (Rosetta@home for example) is that we want to see how the car parks, not just the end state of seeing it parked. While that's an important result, it doesn't shed any light on how or why a protein sometimes misfolds. By attempting to study all of the possible paths that the bouncing ball can take down the mountain, we learn a lot about the question "How did we get here?" It also gives us the opportunity to introduce changes – such as drugs – into the process that modify the probability of misfolded results.
How does Folding@home simulate protein folding?
Two key aspects to our simulations are adaptive sampling and Markov State Models (MSMs). The two are used together and are very important as they allow us to run efficient simulations.
What are Markov State Models?
Protein folding is statistical in nature, so a protein can fold in many ways. We need a map to be able to see the bigger picture. Markov State Models (MSMs) are a way of describing all the conformations (shapes) a protein – or other biomolecule for that matter – explores as a set of states (i.e. distinct structures) and the transition rates between them. They also map out the protein's motion and energy properties as it folds from one shape to another. Once we have all this information, we can observe the factors that influenced folding, which is especially important if the protein misfolds. Much of the theory underlying these methods is quite old but their use has been limited by the challenges inherent to identifying a reasonable set of states.
MSMs are particularly useful to us as they facilitate parallelization across many computer processors by allowing for the statistical aggregation of short, independent simulation trajectories. This replaces the need for single long trajectories, and thus has been widely employed by distributed computing networks such as Folding@home and GPUGRID. Further, through adaptive sampling, MSMs provide a way to increase the efficiency of simulation without introducing artificial biases or approximations. We've been making a lot of progress with developing Markov state model (MSM) methods for analyzing the data we generate with the help of the FAH community. Several Pande Group members include Drs. Xuhui Huang and Gregory Bowman have developed MSMBuilder, an open-source software package used to build, analyze, and visualize MSMs. Since its release in 2009, it's been download over 1,600 times across five continents and has been used in at least 40 publications to date.
Formally, MSMs are a specific application of discrete-space master equations parameterized from simulation. They consist of two parts: a state space partitioning X, typically chosen to divide the system into a set of metastable states; and a master equation describing kinetics on X, represented by either a transition matrix T or rate matrix. Both the state space and master equation are found from molecular simulation. The precise manner in which this is done varies widely.
What do MSMs look like?
Here are two examples:
MSM showing 14 out of 2000 macrostates for MSM for the NTL9 protein. States that are in better equilibrium are drawn larger, and more likely transitions are represented by larger arrows. Unfolded protein show in red, native state is in green. (Voelz et al)
MSM for the ACBP protein, illustrating some of the primary transitions. (Voelz et al)
What is adaptive sampling, and how is it related to MSMs?
When researchers are using computers to study protein conformational dynamics (how the protein changes shape as it's folding), the conventional approach for unbiased all-atom molecular dynamics is two-step. First, they run a set of simulations, and second, after the simulations have completed, they analyze the resulting data. The adaptive sampling Markov State Model approach involves breaking this paradigm by interleaving these two steps. Instead of building the model only after the data has been collected, it is instead built on the fly as the data is being generated. A feedback loop can then be set up where the current state of the model is used to inform the progress of further simulations.
Imagine, for example, that you were exploring a maze for the first time. Although you have no map, you do have a GPS which is able to track your progress and display the parts of the maze you've explored. One approach is to put the GPS in your purse and walk around blindly — bumping off walls — for as long as possible. Once you're tired, you take out the GPS and analyze the path your trajectory took; by looking at your path on the GPS you're able to see the structure of the maze and have effectively built a map. Unfortunately, you notice that you've wasted a lot of time stuck in various parts of the maze. Instead, the smarter strategy is to watch the GPS as you walk around — to try to build your map of the maze incrementally. Using your map, you're able to identify when you're "stuck" in a certain part of the maze, and to avoid re-exploring parts of the maze that you're confident that you've already discovered.
In many ways, these two approaches to exploring a maze are analogous to the two approaches to collecting and analyzing molecular simulations. Due to the incremental nature of building the model on the fly in the adaptive sampling approach, it is possible to increase the efficiency of simulations.
How do you build an MSM using adaptive sampling?
To start a simulation project, we first must choose some initial conformations (a protein's shape) to begin with. The heuristic methods we use so far include running high-temperature simulations, employing Rosetta's Monte Carlo algorithm, and shooting off related MSMs of similar proteins. Once we have a set of conformations, each of them becomes the starting point for some simulations which together we call a Run. Within each Run, we launch many trajectories, each called a Clone. Thus, all of the Clones in a Run start from the same initial protein shape, but they have a different initial velocity, i.e. the atoms are given a different initial push in one direction or another. The Clones from a Run may find additional conformations, in which case that Run ends and several more Runs are started from them. This process continues with a lot of Runs branching out to other conformations, perhaps merging back together to a common shape with other Runs. In the end, we end up with a model with tens of thousands of different conformations, (terabytes of data!) and we can see all the shapes and energy states that the protein can take on while its folding towards its "native state", the chances of all the transitions occurring, and how long it takes the protein to complete a transition from one conformation to another. More importantly, we can identify the places where the protein misfolds and gets stuck, which then leads to more research and models on how we can prevent this from happening. The more computers we have participating, the faster we can complete the Markov State Model.
Aren't these the PRCG numbers?
Yes. Work Units are labeled with four distinct numbers in the format: Project (Run, Clone, Generation). We just described the first three; Project is the protein under study, a Run is a simulation started from a particular conformation, and Runs contain many Clones which have different initial velocities. Although Folding@home processes many different Projects, Runs, and Clones all at the same time, Clones themselves are serial in nature. They have to be simulated from start to finish, but it would be impractical for one computer to complete one by itself. Instead, your computer is given a piece of a Clone. We identify the piece using the Generation (Gen) number. One computer will start out with Generation 0, and when it finishes another computer is given Generation 1, etc. We cannot start Gen 1 until Gen 0 finishes, and there may be hundreds of Gens. This is why the Work Units have deadlines, and why speed is so important to us.
Why is this approach particularly useful?
This approach can be powerful because not only is it very amendable to distributed computing, but the available computational resources can be used more efficiently. A protein spends most of its folding time "stuck" in an energetically-favorable position, with transitions – the processes largely of interest – taking place only rarely. Likewise, any straightforward simulation of protein folding will also waste valuable time generating data with little information content. However, using the adaptive sampling concept, the model can identify when the simulation is stuck, and then reinitialize new simulations starting from potentially more fruitful areas, avoiding the wasteful process of re-exploring areas that are already well understood.
In a recent paper, we compared MSMs to more traditional simulation methods. We compared some very long folding trajectories from the Anton supercomputer to an MSM built from the same folding data. Although our MSM "chops up" the simulation into a bunch of short trajectories, it was able to reproduce their simulations very well. Moreover, we also found that the MSM approach revealed new insights into the folding process (a new folding pathway) that was missing in ANTON's more traditional approach. See this blog post for more information.
What are some of the applications for these techniques?
MSMs and adaptive sampling have been used to study protein folding (1-8), functional dynamics (8-11), ligand-binding (11-14), and protein-protein interactions (15).
- Jayachandran G, Vishal V, & Pande VS (2006) Using massively parallel simulation and Markovian models to study protein folding: Examining the dynamics of the villin headpiece. Journal of Chemical Physics 124:164902.
- Bowman GR, Beauchamp KA, Boxer G, & Pande VS (2009) Progress and challenges in the automated construction of Markov state models for full protein systems. Journal of Chemical Physics 131(12):124101.
- Noe F, Schutte C, Vanden-Eijnden E, Reich L, & Weikl TR (2009) Constructing the equilibrium ensemble of folding pathways from short off-equilibrium simulations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106(45):19011-19016.
- Bowman GR & Pande VS (2010) Protein folded states are kinetic hubs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107(24):10890-10895.
- Beauchamp KA, Ensign DL, Das R, & Pande VS (2011) Quantitative comparison of villin headpiece subdomain simulations and triplet-triplet energy transfer experiments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:12734-12739.
- Bowman GR, Voelz VA, & Pande VS (2011) Atomistic folding simulations of the five-helix bundle protein (6-85). Journal of the American Chemical Society 133(4):664-667.
- Voelz VA et al. (2012) Slow unfolded-state structuring in Acyl-CoA binding protein folding revealed by simulation and experiment. Journal of the American Chemical Society 134(30):12565-12577.
- Lane TJ, Bowman GR, Beauchamp K, Voelz VA, & Pande VS (2011) Markov state model reveals folding and functional dynamics in ultra-long MD trajectories. Journal of the American Chemical Society 133(45):18413-18419.
- Yang S, Banavali NK, & Roux B (2009) Mapping the conformational transition in Src activation by cumulating the information from multiple molecular dynamics trajectories. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(10):3776-3781.
- Morcos F, et al. (2010) Modeling conformational ensembles of slow functional motions in Pin1-WW. PLoS Computational Biology 6(12):e1001015.
- Bowman GR & Geissler PL (2012) Equilibrium fluctuations of a single folded protein reveal a multitude of potential cryptic allosteric sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(29):11681-11686.
- Silva DA, Bowman GR, Sosa-Peinado A, & Huang X (2011) A role for both conformational selection and induced fit in ligand binding by the LAO protein. PLoS Computational Biology 7(5):e1002054.
- Buch I, Giorgino T, & De Fabritiis G (2011) Complete reconstruction of an enzyme-inhibitor binding process by molecular dynamics simulations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(25):10184-10189.
- Held M, Metzner P, Prinz JH, & Noe F (2011) Mechanisms of protein-ligand association and its modulation by protein mutations. Biophysics Journal 100(3):701-710.
- Levin AM et al. (2012) Exploiting a natural conformational switch to engineer an interleukin-2 'super-kine.' Nature 484(7395):529-533.
Who answered these questions?
These questions were answered primarily by TJ Lane, Gregory Bowman, Robert McGibbon, Christian Schwantes, Vijay Pande, and Bruce Borden.
For More Information, Please See:
- FAH FAQ Index
- Folding Support Forum
- Pande Group on YouTube
- Folding@home article on Wikipedia
- Everything you wanted to know about Markov State Models but were afraid to ask.
Last Updated on September 14, 2013, at 11:35 AM


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Hospital Medicine 2010—HM10, in hospitalist parlance—is coming soon. SHM's annual meeting continues to exceed expectations for educational content, networking opportunities, professional advancement, and fun.
Explore this issue:February 2010
Also by this Author:
HM10, which runs April 8-11, has an additional attraction this year: With the conference center just miles from Washington, D.C., HM10 will bring hospitalists closer than ever to the heart of the continued national debate over healthcare reform and delivery. Between now and then, the details of healthcare policy will no doubt change, but the intensity and impact of the decisions made in our nation's capital are unlikely to fade.
"Washington, D.C., is always an exciting place to visit, but it's even more attractive now for hospitalists and others involved in healthcare," says Geri Barnes, SHM's senior director for education and meetings. "The discussions happening in Washington now are likely to affect every corner of the healthcare sector."
As in years past, HM10 offerings will be wide-ranging enough to include topics that will satisfy physicians, nonphysician practitioners (NPPs), and HM administrators alike.
Registration for HM09 sold out in advance—an additional incentive for early HM10 registration.
"Last year's conference set new records and generated real excitement within the specialty," Barnes says. "We're confident that the program we've created for 2010 will do it again."
Featured Speakers: The Stars of Hospital Care
This year's featured presenters represent a mix of fresh, outside perspectives and familiar favorites.
Kicking off the formal agenda will be Paul Levy, president and CEO of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, a 621-bed academic hospital center in Boston. In 2009, it was one of three American Hospital Association McKesson Quest for Quality Prize honorees for its efforts in eliminating preventable harm.
Levy says he expects to expound on the patient-safety theme during his HM10 presentation. He'll speak about his center's "journey in preventable harm—what we've learned, ideas for the future, the role of transparency, and the different approaches to process improvement," he says. Check out his blog at http://runningahospital.blogspot.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Microsoft is eliminating support for Windows XP after April 2014. Windows XP has simply reached a point where it has become increasingly difficult to integrate with new systems and to maintain securely. We encourage all campus departments to move to Windows 7 soon, either by upgrading to Windows 7, or purchasing new equipment.
Technology Services can assist in this process, which includes checking to see if each machine has a single core or dual/quad core processor. Machines with single-core processors cannot be upgraded and need to be replaced. Exceptions will be made on a case by case basis for lab equipment and computers that do not access Tulane's network or the Internet.
Please note Windows 7 is available as a free download for Tulane owned Faculty and Staff computers. Visit http://tulane.e-academy.com/ for your free software download.
Frequently Asked Questions
My system works just fine. Why do I have to bother upgrading to Windows 7?
Because Microsoft is no longer offering support for Windows XP, no further security patches will be forthcoming. This makes Windows XP a very insecure product. Computers running XP and connecting to the Tulane network make every user on the network vulnerable.
I think I can handle upgrading on my own. Do I have to purchase Windows 7?
Windows 7 is free for use on University-owned computers. Download Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise at http://tulane.e-academy.com
Why aren't we upgrading to Windows 8?
Windows 8 is incompatible with our encryption system and a number of our administrative systems, so we can't green light its use on University-owned computers. Windows 8 is fine for student use – students don't require encryption and typically don't need access to administrative systems.
Are there any exceptions to upgrading?
There are isolated cases in which specialized research equipment/software will operate using Windows XP only. In these cases, Technology Services will take other measures to isolate these machines in order to protect the Tulane network. All other machines are required to upgrade to Windows 7.
Printable guide to the end of Windows XP Support (PDF)
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Technology Services, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 -- TSNOC: 504-862-8888 -- email@example.com


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Register Your Card. Get Your Free Gift.
To get your free $25 gift certificate, just register your card on this page. Then use the special code provided on the confirmation page at Restaurant.com to choose a restaurant and print out your gift certificate.
|Your promotion code is located on the inside right panel of your card in the area indicated by the red circle.


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Tools and Trade In All 50 States
Tucson resident plans to travel across the country to "get gigs" and meet new people.
Tucson resident plans to travel across the country to "get gigs" and meet new people.
Also on Arizona Spoitlight: Charles Mingus Celebrated in Nogales; Update on Budget Dealmaking; Building Tucson with Mud, Straw & Sweat.
Interview with Celso Garcia, review of his tale of men assigned to dangerous job.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: Chris Dashiell reviews "The Thin Yellow Line"; and a woman realizes her Japanese garden dreams in Tucson.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: How changes to campaign finance laws may change Arizona's politics; StoryCorps; and "A Book I LOve".
'Finding Nemo' in Navajo is one way nation works to preserve heritage.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: Tucson Mayor Responds to Pre-Emptive Legislation; and "Dímelo" asks about changes.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: Results from the 2016 presidential primary, and a Tucson artist follows her dreams to Berlin.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: Tusconans try their hand at interpreting Shakespeare.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: Looking ahead to the Arizona legislative session's second half; The Department of Child Safety deals with backlog of cases.
Oscar-nominated composer Benoit Charest accompanies the film "The Triplets of Belleville" with music played on vacuum, refrigerator, and newspaper.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: Chris Dashiell looks ahead to the 2016 Academy Awards, and back at their historic lack of diversity.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: DImelo goes to Tumamoc Hill; and Beth Surdut puts hummingbird etiquette to use.
Scholar says that without this almost 400 year old book, only half of Shakespeare's plays would be known today.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: Visit the Tucson Gem & Mineral Show with an avid shopper, and Beth Surdut pays attention to her desert neighbors, the coyote.
Go ring shopping at the 2016 Gem & Mineral Show with Tucson John, an avid collector of jewelry with extravagant taste.
collection categories
[Agriculture] [Animals] [Arizona] [Arts and Life] [Astronomy] [Arizona State University] [Arizona Business Report] [Books] [Border] [Border Crisis] [Business] [Civil Rights] [Cochise County] [Pima County] [Culture] [Davis-Monthan Air Force Base] [Dímelo] [Downtown Tucson] [Drugs] [Economy] [Education] [Elections - Pima County] [Election 2016] [Elections - National] [Entertainment] [Environment] [Events] [Feeding our Future] [Fire] [Flagstaff] [Food] [Government] [Health & Medicine] [History] [Immigration] [Jobs] [Justice System] [Kids] [Law Enforcement] [Legislature] [LGBT] [Metro Week] [Military] [Mining] [Monsoon] [Museums] [Music] [State & National Parks] [Native American] [News] [OSIRIS-REx] [Parks] [Pima Community College] [Planetary Science] [Politics] [Raytheon] [Religion] [Science] [Solar] [Solar on the Rise] [sound : fiction] [South Tucson] [Space] [Space Science] [Sports] [The Stairwell Sessions] [Streetcar] [Taxes] [Technology] [Transportation] [Tucson] [University of Arizona] [Higher Education] [U.S.] [Veterans] [Water] [Weather] [Wildlife]


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20 mile radius
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Gallery Leaning Shelf
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Gallery 27w 14d 85h Leaning Shelf
Shelf: Reclaimed wood
Frame Color: Natural steel
Product Details
Beautiful and functional with a space-conscious design, the leaning shelves in the Gallery storage collection are available in various wood and steel options, so you can create the perfect look for your space.
Details of Gallery 27w 14d 85h Leaning Shelf
- Dimensions: 27"w 14"d 85"h
- Floor to Bottom Clearance: 8.25"h
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For years, Ken Burns hoped that someone else would make a film about a Vermont boarding school for students with learning disabilities for whom memorizing and reciting Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is a rite of passage.
But the filmmaker (Baseball, The War) was ultimately the one to create The Address — airing at 9 tonight on PBS, including WOSU-TV (Channel 34).
About 10 years ago, Burns — who lives and works in New Hampshire, not far from the Greenwood School in Putney, Vt. — was asked to judge the school's annual competition.
"And I went, and I just wept like a baby," Burns recalled. "And I said, 'Oh, someone should make a film of this.' But it's cinema verite (a fly-on-the-wall style of filmmaking). It's not what I do.
"Each year, I tried to come back. If I couldn't make the judging, I could come back while they were studying it."
The school educates boys with learning differences that vary from dyslexia to autism. The film highlights many of their individual struggles, which range from memorization to speech impediments.
Burns is leading the charge to get Americans to memorize the address. (Visit www.learntheaddress.org.) But he has long loved the speech.
"My daughter (Sarah) once gave me a gift at Christmastime when she was 12 of the Gettysburg Address perfectly memorized. It's still the greatest present I've ever received, and I'll start crying if I talk about it too much," he said, laughing.
Memorization was once a major aspect of an American education.
"I think by the late '50s, early '60s," he said, "relevance was important, and we disconnected ourselves from the connection to each other that comes from a shared body of knowledge: a whole bunch of poems, passages of Shakespeare, patriotic speeches."


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Civil War Event in East Arkansas
By Johnathan Reaves • Apr 26, 2013
The annual Fort Lincoln Freedom Fest takes place Saturday, April 27th in DeValls Bluff. This event celebrates the Civil War Heritage of east Arkansas. KASU's Johnathan Reaves tells about this free event that will attract thousands of visitors to get a first hand look at Civil War history.


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a rectangle has w=40, L=63 and a straight line joining the diagonal corners resulting in 2 righted angled triangles. A straight line 16 units long perpendicular to the diagonal line touches the sides of the rectangle.
What would the coordinates be where the 16 unit line touches the sides of the rectangle and crosses the diagonal line?
I tried to solve it, but I get the vertical lenght (or coordinates) as nearly 16 units [which cannot be since the height of the rectangle is 4 units], since the angle between the sides of the diagonal and the side of the rectangle is so small. Are you sure the dimensions of your rectangle are good?
Ok, I took the diagonal from the upper left corver to the lower right corner, and the 16 units line crossing the diagonal near the lower right corner.
You can find the angle that the line makes with the horizontal, using the tan ratio.
You should get: 32.4 degrees
The vertical height to which the line reaches is then 16 cos (32.4) = 13.6 units (3sf)
The horizontal distance from the origin (I take it as the lower left corner) = 63 - 16 sin (32.4) = 54.4 units.
So, coordinates are:
(54.4, 0) and (63, 13.6)
Well here's what I get. Refer to attached figure (to scale).
This part could be achieved by just considering similar triangles.
Assuming that the bottom left corner of the rectangle is at (0,0) and working out some other stuff, I get that the line segment goes from approximately (21.27416, 13.50740) to (29.85029, 0).


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Ozlip site:
Other word games at lexigame.com:
Ozlip > Word List
Australian Word List
These are the three- and four-letter words currently classed as Australian by the Ozlip Australian word game.
If you have just landed here via a search engine, you have not found a general-purpose Australian dictionary. See the References at the bottom of this page for links to some Australian English resources, and see the Explanation of the Word List for details of how these words were selected.
alec ambo arse arvo avo
bag bite blue bog bomb bora bot bulk bung burl bush
call cark carn cas cask chop clag cob coit comp cove cow cray crib crim croc cut
dack dag daks darg darl date dee demo dero dice diff dig dike dill ding dink dob doco doer dog dong donk drum duco dud duff dyke
emu esky exy
fang fat full
geek gig gin ging goog goom grog gum gun gyno
hide hoon hoop hops hoy hump
jack joe joey jube
kero kino knap
lag lair lash lob lurk
mark mate mob mole moz muso myxo
nana nick nong norg nork
oil onka onya oval
pash pat pav pea piff pimp pom port prop punt push
quack quoit quoll
rage rap rapt rego rels roo root rort ruck
sank sav she sink skip skol slab slag slug sly snag soda sook sool sort squib squiz surf swag swy
tea teno tike tip toey togs toot tote tray trot tuan tube turn tyke
uni ute
vag vego
wag wipe wog woma wonk wrap
yarn yeo yoe
zac zack ziff
Explanation of the Word List
This word list contains the words currently classed as Australian words by the Ozlip Australian word game. Only three- and four-letter words are used in the game, with the QU combination treated as a single letter.
Plurals and other inflected forms (e.g. bots, sank) are not listed here, but they are permitted in the game, provided they are no more than four letters long.
The words have been chosen because they fall into at least one of the following categories:
As is usual in word games, words are not permitted if they are normally written with a capital letter or a punctuation mark.
I have left out some words that seem to me to be totally obsolete or very rare, although there were a few obscure words that I couldn't resist leaving in, such as onka. Judgements on which words are rarely-used are quite subjective, so I may have left out words that others think should be included.
Corrections and suggestions are always welcome. You can send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
The contents of this website are copyright, but I do not claim any rights over the list of words given here. If you want to use this selection of words in your own game or puzzle, please feel free. (Naturally, I would appreciate acknowledgement, and I would be interested to hear about any uses of the word list.)
Note: Most Australian dictionaries aim to cover the English language as it is spoken in Australia. Hence most of the words in these dictionaries are not peculiarly Australian. And words that are used only in Australia are not necessarily labelled as such. Paradoxically, the best information about which words and usages are Australian can sometimes be found in a good international dictionary. However, the Oxford Australian Dictionaries have a policy of labelling Australian words and usages, and are therefore extremely useful to the Australian word list compiler. (But note that the Ozlip Australian Word List also includes some words that are commonly used outside Australia but appear to have originated in Australia. An example is muso.)
The Australian National Dictionary seems to be the only general dictionary that restricts itself to Australian words and usages.
The Australian National Dictionary: A Dictionary of Australianisms on Historical Principles. W.S. Ramson. Oxford University Press, 1988. The full contents are available online.
The Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary, fifth Edition. Edited by Bruce Moore. Oxford University Press, 2009. An online edition is available by subscription - your local public library may have a subscription allowing you to access this service from home.
The Macquarie Dictionary - Fifth Edition. Macquarie Dictionary, 2009. An online edition is available by subscription - your local public library may have a subscription allowing you to access this service from home.
The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Lesley Brown. Oxford University Press, 1993.
A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms, fourth edition. G A Wilkes. Oxford University Press, 1996. The 5th edition was published in 2008 as Stunned Mullets & Two-pot Screamers : a Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms.
Macquarie Australian Slang Dictionary. Macquarie Dictionary, 2004.
The Australian Language, second edition. Sidney J Baker. Sun Books, 1970.
The Dinkum Dictionary: The Origins of Australian Slang. Susan Butler. Text, 2001.
Ozwords, the newsletter of the Australian National Dictionary Centre. Subscription is free at http://andc.anu.edu.au/publications/ozwords. And in the April 2006 issue at http://andc.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/ozwords_april06.pdf, you can read an article by us about compiling the Ozlip word list!
OneLook Dictionary Search, http://onelook.com, provides links to many online dictionaries.


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text: I've found the various responses to Denis Peli's enquiry helpful and informative. Here's another enquiry that might also be of general interest. Does anyone know of simple (and cost-effective) OSX software for presenting single and multiple timed displays (range 20 msec - 20 sec) and recording responses (reaction times and key presses)? In the days before OSX, I used VScope (Microspsych/Jim Enns) and loved it - but VScope only runs on machines that boot in OS9 or lower and there is no upgrade planned. http://www.interchange.ubc.ca/vsearch/software/whatscope.html Any thoughts/suggestions? I don't want to change platforms if I can avoid it. Thanks in anticipation Roz McCarthy


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Why Would The Patriots Cut Chad Ochocinco Or Albert Haynesworth?
By: Russ Goldman
Yesterday, there was talk generated by an article by Dan Pompei in the National Football Post regarding Chad Ochocinco and Albert Haynesworth. Pompei suggested that both might not be with the Patriots for the long term. His take is based on comments from an NFL executive. After reading that article, I have to wonder why in the world would the Patriots cut Ochocinco or Haynesworth?
Dan Pompei is a first rate NFL writer, and do not doubt his knowledge or sources at all. Before I comment, I wanted to share the excerpt from his article.
Chad Ochocinco and Albert Haynesworth might not be long for New England. One day before this story came out by my guy Mike Reiss, one NFL executive familiar with the Patriots ways told me he believes one or both of the big name acquisitions will be cut before the season starts. The front office man thinks coach Bill Belichick will use the controversial players to help control and send a message to his locker room.
Now, it is obvious that this NFL executive Mr. Pompei talked to is not with the Patriots. This is strictly an opinion that this front office man is putting out there. It is not based on any knowledge of what the Patriots are planning to do on their roster this season.
The NFL executive in this story is certainly entitled to their opinion. Well I have mine on this subject as well.
The Patriots don't bring in players to just send a message to the team. They only acquire players that they believe will make them a better team. I honestly think that part of the commentary is ridiculous.
Now, let's get to the main reason why I don't think the Patriots will cut either player. Both players fill possible "needs" the team has on their roster. Many fans, and obviously the Patriots coaching staff themselves, think they need another quality wide receiver. If Ochocinco can learn the playbook, and get in tune with Tom Brady, you have just upgraded your offense.
Even on a very bad Bengals team, Ochocinco had 67 receptions for 831 yards last season. He could still be a very reliable option for Brady, and might also have the speed to stretch the field.
With the Patriots obviously changing their defense, why not bring in a player that in the past has been a game changer on that side of the ball? If the Patriots are going to play more 4-3 this season, and are going to be aggressive, than Haynseworth might be a serious upgrade on the defense.
Fans should expect Albert Haynesworth to make some serious contributions for the Patriots this season. (FILE:Icon/SMI)
At one point Haynesworth was considered to be one of the best defensive linemen in the game. If you partner him with Vince Wilfork in the middle of your defensive line, you could potentially have a disrupting force now on your defense. Who is going to be able to run on the Patriots against those two players? Also, imagine in passing downs trying to contain Haynesworth. He could put serious pressure up the middle on the quarterback.
I also know that some fans and media are concerned with the fact that he has not practiced much since the beginning of training camp. However, it is possible the Patriots are just being cautious with Haynesworth. He could also have an injury that he is working through to get him back on the field. I will remind fans and media alike that Randy Moss did not play a down in the pre-season in 2007. How did that work out for the Patriots?
Now, I have heard the arguments of why these players could be cut. Those reasons are there could be a problem in the locker room, or they just can't play anymore. The first one has some validity, however both players are probably looking to ignite their careers again, so it is in their best interest to be on their best behavior. In my opinion, if they can't play that would be the main reason they could be cut.
With both players, I see the possible rewards far outweighing the negatives they each bring, and I expect both to be on the 53 man roster. I also wouldn't be surprised if both end up making significant contributions to the 2011 Patriots.
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From csdms
AGU Chapman Conference on Source to Sink Systems Around the World and Through Time
Recent Advances in Understanding Production, Transfer, and Burial of Terrestrial and Marine Materials on the Earth Surface
Oxnard, California, USA
Charles A. Nittrouer
Conference Objectives and General Description
The general goal of this conference is to articulate the ideas that are the foundation for a holistic understanding of sediment dispersal from land origins to marine accumulation, and to explore the theoretical and observational studies that support them.
This Chapman Conference will substantially expand the results of individual source-to-sink research projects by contrasting diverse dispersal systems. An attempt will be made to resolve fundamental differences in the operation of processes that transfer mass across the Earth surface. This effort will develop a global perspective with studies from around the world, and will facilitate the synthesis and integration of S2S research as part of an inclusive international conference, a digital text, and classroom materials.
One example of such material is the Google-Earth based database that documents paper on major river systems. Feel free to simply list your papers here
Financial Support
The conference organizers acknowledge the generous support of the following organizations:
Meeting at a glance
Oral Presentations
Monday, 1/24/2011
Tuesday, 1/25/2011
Wednesday, 1/26/2011
Thursday, 1/27/2011
Poster presentations
Is your poster not displayed below? Please email your poster to Albert:firstname.lastname@example.com. We can open a FTP site for you if the poster is to large to email. Thank you!


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During his recent visit to Abudhabi, HG Devakinandan Prabhuji, our beloved God brother from Singapore gave a lot of enlightening Srimad Bhagavatam classes. In one of the classes, Prabhuji emphasized that, "Bhagavatam equals to Behaviour". I have just transcribed all the points prabhuji spoke on this topic in that particular class on 29 th April 2011 and I am offering the same for all our benefit.
1.There must be a change in our lives: Maharaj says that the whole of Srimad Bhagavatam is nothing but behavior. That is why Bhagavatam is B and Behaviour is B. If you have these two Bs, then you are peaceful. Where there is Bhagavatam, there must be a change in our lives. If there is Bhagavatam and there is no change in our lives, that means we are just reading Bhagavatam, but we are not accepting Bhagavatam. Whatever we were one year ago, we should not be one year later. Whatever anartha things which are not wanted, these things must be given up. Anartha just does not mean dirt. The dirt is there because the thing is unwanted. When you clear dirt, you clear it because it is unwanted. In the same way, we clear. Draw a list, Maharaj said. Identify the things that you want. Everything that you want and that has nothing to do with Krishna, you please mark them as anarthas, and you throw them away. You try, Maharaj said. This is Bhagavatam. Everything that drags you down, you have to renounce because renunciation is about going up and not going down.
The sadhus in Dwaraka are very very famous. They sit on the bank of Gomathi ganga river, they have matted locks, they wear saffron robes and they have very few possessions. When I first went to Dwaraka, I always used to meet them and some of them are coming all the way from South India and they will come and sit down and say I have left my wife, my house, my family everything because I want to be free. So what they do? Daily they will cook, sit down and meditate. Six months later I came back to the same sadhus and I heard as I was walking down the banks of Gomati Ganga, I swear I heard BBC. I really thought I heard BBC and this is not Bhagvad gita Bhagavatam and Chanting. This is actually BBC of the material world. So I went in and spoke to the same person I saw six months ago and he had Television, he had a transistor radio. He was listening to the BBC news and in the television there was somehow or the other satellite and as he sat down, he told me that he makes sure that he knows what is happening around the world. But he says, "I have left everything." I went to Maharaj and explained all this to Maharaj and Maharaj laughed and said that this is the sadhu baba of this age. We claim that we want to leave everything but we do not put Bhagavatam into practice and because there is no Bhagavatam the renunciation is monkey renunciation. Maharaj said, "Man, he has left his wife and children, his Television and Transistor in South India or wherever he came from, and he comes all the way to Dwaraka to sit down and listen BBC and to watch Television. What is the value of his renunciation?"
When Maharaj came to Dwaraka, he sat under open sky. We said, "Maharaj let us a find a hotel where we can stay. Two star or three star hotel is okay." Maharaj said there are so many stars in the sky, more than five stars. So this five star hotel is much better. I will just be very peaceful. So we made a small tent. Dina prabhu would cook in the open. Taral prabhu would get water from Kabir ashram which was nearby. Whenever we had to take a bath, we will go to the ashram, bathe and come back and Maharaj said, "the only shelter we have is not the roof but Bhagavatam. So sit down and chant Bhagavatam." I told, "Maharaj, we thought, we came here to preach." Maharaj said, "No. You came here to preach but preach to yourself first. You sit here and read Bhagavatam and everything will fall in place" and within two weeks of dedicated reading of Bhagavatam something happened. Maharaj was reading with dedication; we were very disturbed because we did not understand why we were doing this. We thought this is unnecessary austerity. But Maharaj said it is necessary to focus on Bhagavatam. And after two weeks this man comes. He is from Bharatiya Bhavan. He says, "You know, I heard there is a sadhu sitting here and that he is not doing anything except reading Bhagavatam. I have never heard of a sadhu like that. You come to my place. I have a trust and we have a nice guest house. 10-12 rooms are there and no one is managing it now and Maharaj if you want, you can turn it into a nice temple. You can manage." Maharaj said what did we lack by sitting down to read Bhagavatam and what have we gained? We are not gaining the guest house for ourselves. We do not need a guest house. We had been sitting in the open land. When Krishna saw we did not need anything and Krishna saw we did not have anything to do with the material modes, Krishna gave us material energy to become His servant. So Mayadevi comes. She folds her hands before the devotee and invites him to use that which she has created, in the service of the Lord. So Maharaj said, Bhagavatam equals to behaviour. Then devotees become attracted.
2.Be Honest and Chaste To Krishna: If someone sitting on Vyaasaasana cannot put what we have spoken into practice, there is no potency to what he speaks. You will never be attracted to that personality. That is why speakers of Bhagavatam must make sure that they reflect it in their behaviour. Maharaj said that even if there is the slightest anger, lust or greed in our heart, we can never transmit this message, perfectly. It will be mixed with our lust, mixed with our anger, mixed with our greed and once it is mixed, then the neophyte devotee mixes material advancement with spiritual life and he does not realize that he has put one foot in a boat and another foot in another boat. The wind is going to blow. This boat will go there, that boat will go here and you will end up in water. Maharaj said if you want to become pucca materialist, become pucca materialist. Do not be a pretending devotee. If you want to be a devotee, stop trying to act like a materialist and be a devotee. There is no compromise. We should be very clear about this. Matter and spirit do not work together. Material advancement and spiritual advancement go ill together. We cannot say under the guise of "yukta vairaagyaa", that we are using matter for spirit. No. the truth is we want matter for ourselves. It is a convenient argument that there is spirit in the background and it makes us look like advanced devotees. So this point we should be very clear.
The speaker must reflect behaviour. Maharaj said and Srila Prabhupada has said this in purports that if we really want to be real instruments of Krishna and touch other's lives, we must make sure that our life has a certain standard. That is responsibility. That is accountability. When a mother wants to make sure that a child should become a good boy or a good girl, what she would do? We try to change ourselves so that we become good boys and good girls. That is very important. So in the same way, if a preacher just keeps thinking that today is my day to read Bhagavatam, I will prepare very nicely nice notes, I will use some flowery language, I will have some nice verses to throw in so I sound very scholarly, I will break it down so that I imitate some great personality and after all that the audience heart will be changed, then we are fooling ourselves because Bhagavatam is behaviour. If our behaviour does not change, then whatever we speak cannot touch the hearts of people. Your hairs stand on end when you see great personalities because whatever they speak is what they do. So Maharaj said, be honest and chaste to Krishna. If you speak something, you must live it and supposing if you say, "Maharaj I am not living it", Maharaj's answer was, "Start living it. Start now." If you say, that you cannot then Maharaj said, "You have to start. This is all the more reason you must start and if you cannot, whatever you speak may have some impact but you are not doing justice. You can do better." So this statement is not meant to tell the speaker that they must stop and you can only speak when you become pure. Those who are thinking as to when they will become pure, Maharaj said that they will never become pure. Because you are just trying to cultivate purity on material level. Purity means action. So do not think. The moment you think, it is material. Maharaj said, "When you are chanting, you should not think. You should just hear. The moment you think, you are not hearing." So when we take Bhagavatam class, we should pray very hard to Krishna that this Bhagavatam preaching is not for anyone else. It is for us. We cannot fulfill half the things here. So Krishna is very kind. He is making us sit down and spend one week preparing in the hope it will change us; in the hope it will purify us. So speakers, if you really want to touch the heart of someone, then remember, Bhagavatam equals to behaviour. If behaviour is changed, then you are doing justice to others. Do not cheat the masses. Do not exploit them by posing as a great speaker. Then the behaviour has not changed. Maharaj said, "This is the height of chastity. We may not be pure, but we must try to change ourselves. The sincere attempt will attract Krishna." One small Tulasi leaf made Krishna go all the way up in the pastime of Krishna being weighed by Queen Satyabhama. So why not one small attempt? Krishna will see and He will give you full paraphernalia. Endowment fund is there, insurance is there, causeless mercy is there, favors are all there. So everything is there. Why do we worry? He just wants to see some effort; some change. Otherwise, I always come to Abudhabi, speak very nicely, and go back and never change. What is the point? You will hear all this and go back and nothing will change. What is the point? Then this whole exercise will become one big ritual.
3. Contemplation leads to practice: The reason we are unable to put whatever we hear into practice is because we do not contemplate on what we hear. Maharaj said that we do not contemplate enough on what we have heard and what we have studied. HG Krpana vatsala prabhu was with Maharaj in one trip. Maharaj took one verse in the morning. They got into the plane and Maharaj looked at that verse. Then Maharaj looked and looked and looked, studied and studied, then sat down and thought and thought, then he wrote some points. Then he thought again. Then he became a little tired and went to sleep. So Krpana vatsala prabhu also went to sleep. When he woke up he saw that Maharaj was looking at the same verse and thinking and thinking and contemplating. So Krpana vatsala prabhu asked Maharaj why he was taking so long to look at the verse and Maharaj said, "I am trying to see how to apply this verse. I have not got the answer. I am praying to Krishna. The longer I spend time with the verse, Krishna will give the understanding by which I can put the verse into practice." Then Krpana vatsala prabhu said that, then he understood that this is the way to study. This is the way how study becomes practice because Maharaj spent time with the verse. Maharaj said the longer you spend time with Bhagavatam, the more you are touched by Bhagavatam. "brahma sparshanam." The more "brahma sparshanam" you get, the more you will come out of material attachment. The more you will practice what you are reading.
That is why Maharaj said that we do not have to be falsely humble. Humility is not shown, but it is practised. What a nice statement! Your devotional service will glide down when you are just proud of reading or studying, but not practising. Maharaj said at the end, we should not be attached to humility but humility must become attached to us. We do not run after the programs because of the fact that we look nice in the programs. We seriously run after the programs so that we take this back, contemplate, study, we meditate and then we act. Have you all seen how in your material lives, when an assignment is given to you, what do you do? You spend hours on it. You dissect it. You look at it from this corner, that corner and the longer you spend time on it, the more results you get. It is time. When a mother spends more time with the child, more time, more time… then the child becomes very good. Where there is less time spent, the child becomes bad. In the same way, the more time you spend with our spiritual father Bhagavatam, the more time you contemplate on how to put it into practice, Krishna will reveal it to you. On this point, there is an excellent verse, which once and for all, will put aside any doubts we have on how contemplation translates into practice. This is verse 3.10.6 from Srimad Bhagavatam.
tapasaa hy edhamaanena / vidyayaa caatma-samsthayaa
vivrddha-vijnaana-balo / nyapaad vaayuh sahaambhasaa
"Long penance and transcendental knowledge of self-realization had matured Brahma in practical knowledge, and thus he drank the wind completely, along with the water."
In the third canto ninth chapter, Brahmaji prays the whole chapter. For what? For practical application on how to create the material world. Then all he does is he prays, prays and prays. Because he knows
teshaam satata-yuktaanaam / bhajataam priti-purvakam
dadaami buddhi-yogam tam / yena maam upayaanti te
"To those who are constantly devoted to serving Me with love, I give the understanding by which they can come to Me." ( BG 10.10)
That is the only way to put this into practice. It must come from Krishna. After praying the entire chapter, the SB verse 3.10.6 tells that long penance and transcendental knowledge in self realization had matured Brahma in practical knowledge. So what does Brahma do? He drinks the wind completely along with water. This part is very mesmerizing and bewildering for all of us. We think what is he doing? But Brahma could only start creation if he got rid of the winds. He did not know how to get rid of the wind. He did not know what to do? But because he was sitting down and remembering Krishna and chanting and glorifying Krishna, and that glorification of Krishna matured in Brahma and transformed into practical knowledge. So what did he do? He then drank the wind and the waters and he started creating.
So Maharaj told me supposing you are going to do a legal argument tomorrow in court, if you really contemplate on Krishna, prepare materially what you have to do. Brahma was equipped materially. He could drink wind and water. You and I cannot do that. We can drink water but not wind. Brahma was equipped materially. We are also equipped in all our fields. We know our fields. But how you make that field perfect? How you translate that into practical knowledge is through glorifying Krishna. So Maharaj always told me, "Before you have a case, you sit down like Brahma and you chant and glorify Krishna. Pray to Krishna that somehow or the other, I will have the practical knowledge to remember you even as I perform my service and that is what Brahmaji tried and prayed for and that is what he achieved." So people may say that what is the point of being with Krishna as Krishna wants us to leave our job and everything. Krishna does not want you to leave your job. He wants you to mature in your practical realization while performing your duties and this is how contemplation leads to practical knowledge and it leads to change in behavior. That is the key.
Thank you very much,
Yours in service of Srila Prabhupada and Srila Gurudev,
Vaijayanti mala devi dasi,


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The Challenges of Being Safe
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Posted Tuesday, March 10, 2009 10:35 AM
Ten Centuries
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Yelena Varshal (3/10/2009)
My advice is to use legal Nondisclosure Agreements
I tend to agree with Yelena. If you don't trust them, they shouldn't be there anyway. Company data or intellectual property would fit this area. However, with customer personal data, like SSN, DOB, CCN, and other similar personal and credit data, I would make the effort to obfuscate/random generation for testing, as only those who actually need to know to conduct business should ever see these, and then only when they absolutely must. If there is a way to automate it so they do not see it, I go for those methods.
Post #672606
Posted Tuesday, March 10, 2009 1:39 PM
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Good article.
Disclosure up-front, I work with one of the companies you mentioned above who are authors of data masking software. You make many good points and I thought that I might add a few comments to some topics.
One thing we recommend is to make sure that production data is always kept safe, which means that you keep control of where it lives and how it's used. I saw a post recently where someone needed to send data to a business partner and wanted to obfuscate it. I think that is a great thing to do and was glad to see someone asking for advice.
In many cases, this seems more of a moral responsibility to protect your clients than it is a legal requirement. In times of tight budgets this is sometimes pointed out. However, if one is trying to assess the cost/benefits of masking test data then it is justifiable to consider the public relations damage a data escape would entail.
However what about your test and development environments? I've seen people obfuscate data here, but not always. In fact, not usually. This is despite the fact that you might turn over developers often, expose that data to testers, or other people that might not normally have access, and the fact that these environments almost never have auditing enabled.
The case can be made that if the data visibility is restricted in a production database then the visibility of that same data must be similarly protected in test databases where (usually) far more people have access. Realistically, the only way to do this and still have the wider access required by dev and test teams is to mask the data.
We need to mimic production environments and data, but there are quite a few challenges with doing this in a safe and secure manner. Just having scripts to obfuscate data is a challenge in and of itself.
As you say, the mechanics of the process are one issue. Others issues, such as finding reasonable substitution data and managing the transfer of this data into the database are also present. One technique, which avoids the need to find substitution data, is to shuffle. But this is not universally applicable - what if the table is small or contains information such as email addresses which are useful by themselves.
But building those scripts is both hard and time consuming. How do you decide what to obfuscate? What values do you use?
In our experience this analysis phase is what takes the time and needs the buy-in of the application owners. When deciding what fields to mask, trade-offs often need to be made. For example, it might be decided that it is not necessary to mask salary amounts since that would have serious "knock on" effects on other data items such as calculated departmental totals. The justification for this may be that since all other personally identifying information associated with this value has been masked, then there is minimal gain and much extra complexity involved with masking that particular item.
What about ensuring that data matches up correctly? Can you really determine if there is an issue with some calculation or relationship if you have random data.
This sort of data synchronization issue is common. In fact it is rare to find a database that does not require it. There are really three types of synchronization: internally within the same row (Row-Internal), between rows in the same table (Table-Internal) and between rows in different tables (Table-To-Table). These are all handled differently and sometimes you have to use all three techniques on a single table.
After all people many times will have favorite accounts that they know well and understand what the data should look like. A developer may expect certain order details or address information, and use that as a benchmark when developing new code. If the data is random every time his environment is refreshed, does that slow his productivity? How do you test things like URLs and emails if data is randomized?
There are a variety of approaches to this sort of "consistent masking". We have found that the easiest technique to implement is just to mask the data with random values and then have a set of rules (or scripts) which go back through the database afterward setting to constant known values the specific cases the dev, test and training teams use.
Using some type of data obfuscation or randomization is a great way to help ensure that your production data is kept safe, but it definitely makes for a much more complex environment, and likely, more headaches for DBAs and developers.
Very good point. Whether the masking is done with a set of scripts or a purchased tool it is well worth implementing an automated process. You really don't want the masking of the database to be an "all hands to the pump" type operation every time a test database is masked. This will cost much more in the long term!
Post #672740
Gift Peddie
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Posted Tuesday, March 10, 2009 3:32 PM
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My advice is to use legal Nondisclosure Agreements
Nondisclosure is not enough there are laws in place for Banks and Pharma I think these laws needs to be implemented in any place personal data in at risk because a developer did not leave VA with 26 million people data it was a brain dead unskilled data analyst. Personal data needs to be accessed only as needed. These are the reason data theft at banks are not skilled employees but low level employees doing transport or tellers.
Personal data should not leave any facility without escort and when developing SET algebra must be required because if you know SET algebra teen agers will not be dead and dead people will not be alive because these two are inter dependent, safety and integrity.
Kind regards,
Gift Peddie
Post #672823
Posted Tuesday, March 10, 2009 6:34 PM
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As pointed out randomizing the whole lot is rather pointless because of data-consistency and inter-relationships that need to be real(istic). Especially when trouble-shooting it is essential to have the exact data that causes the issue (you don't know before-hand which piece of data is the culprit, so by obfuscation you run a real risk that you also obfuscate the very problem you're trying to track down).
To tell you the truth: I've never actually done obfuscation of test-data and always used a mirror of the production-database in development. However I have been thinking about it on several occasions and there are a few distinct situations for use of data that each have different needs for levels of realism:
- Initial development of new/modified functionality -> can be done with a small set of data created on the fly by the developer in his private development-database (no need for mirroring production-data).
- Automated unit-testing -> has to be done with a known set of data with known characteristics (covering all cases -> is code-paths), and should not be changed over time other than in conjuction with new test-cases (no need for mirroring production-data).
- Performance-testing -> has to be done with a realistic amount of data with realistic relationships/value-distribution (only feasible solution is a mirror of production-data, some obfuscation possible).
- Acceptance-testing -> real users are going to use the data and they need to see real(istic) data (only feasible solution is a mirror of production-data, some obfuscation possible).
- Troubleshooting an issue in the production-system -> only a true mirror of the production-data is useful (no obfuscation because you run the risk of obfuscating the actual issue).
By limiting obfuscation only to the "hard" personal identifyable data: names, addresses and public identification numbers (such as social security number, tax-number and credit card numbers) you can still use it for testing with realistic outcomes. No business-rules will break when a name is actually a random string (within certain size-constraints), since your application should accept pretty much anything in a name-field anyway. In an address only the street-name needs to be obfuscated (together with the randomisation of the person/company name, a malicious user has no hope in using a random name in a random street of a known city).
Credit-card numbers without a name becomes mostly unusable, but for extra measure you could replace those with known test-numbers banks will be able to provide intended specifically for this purpose (they pass internal validation-checks but won't be usable to make any purchases).
Email-addresses are often used explicitly by applications to actually send messages (which you DO NOT want to happen from a non-production environment, ever) and could also be used to identify a real person. So these must be obfuscated but cannot be merely randomised, the best solution for this is to have a set of addresses on a dedicated (test-)domain and distribute those addresses (randomly) in the database.
Now about using external ids for internal PK/FK: BAD IDEA!!!
It is my almost religious belief that a database MUST provide and totally control the mechanisms for referential integrity, any external identification key should be a mere piece of data rather than structural to the database. In my own designs this goes even as far as product-codes and employee-numbers, if any human-entered key is required, I will NOT use it as Foreign Keys, but will provide an internal (hidden) auto-number (or even a GUID in my latest designs). Any information entered by a human is always prone to have mistakes which must be easily corrected -> a single field on the primary object, which is then joined and queried for output. The situation is even worse when the external party that created the key (tax-office, internet provider) chooses to update/refactor their system and changes the keys of existing data........
So if your database has any external keys (especially those that could be used for personal identification if known to a malicious person) each should be considered to be replaced by either a pure random number, or if the application tests validity in some way, the data should be replaced by a set of test-numbers that satisfy the validity-test (possibly even hardcoded bypassing any validity-test if the key is recognisable as a test-number by a special prefix or certain checksum).
So a script/tool only needs to take the following steps to obfuscate a production-database:
- randomize name-fields: people/company names, street-names
- replace external identification numbers (SSN, CC, etc) with valid test-numbers
- replace all emails with known test-email accounts on the internal mail-server
A good idea for randomizing names is to use an algorithm that still renders human-readable names. I would use a (fairly large) dictionary of common names as a source.
And while you're at it: use an algorithm that uses the primary key (autonumber or what-ever you use) to render into the same pseudo-random name. This way in next iterations your testers will find the same "name" to be the same record again.
One caveat I experienced and do not know of a satisfactory solution:
Comment text-blobs. Often those comments contain crucial info about an account that is required to understand the data (for example explainations why this particular data is expected to violate a certain rule, therefore important to keep for testers). But staff often disclose names and even cc-info in those comments, which is of course not a good practice, but a real-world fact. It is impossible (eh, correction: unfeasible) to automatically crawl this data and obfuscate the unwanted info.
But in my experience just plainly trusting the developers/testers is the easiest solution (I've always worked in small companies).
Post #672908
Posted Sunday, March 15, 2009 12:30 PM
Group: General Forum Members
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I believe the tool you are looking for is FileAid by CompuWare.
Post #676153
Gift Peddie
Gift Peddie
Posted Sunday, March 15, 2009 1:09 PM
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Statements like this is the reason we have to start the Personal Data SET algebra required movement so only people who knows SQL and what is needed to resolve very complex issues are the only people who will be approved to handle such data.
If you believe a program can do this job there is a bridge in Brooklyn with your name on it.
Kind regards,
Gift Peddie
Post #676161
Steve Jones - SSC Editor
Steve Jones - SSC Editor
Posted Monday, March 16, 2009 9:16 AM
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I think a program could do the job, but not by just installing and click "next". A person that undestands the data and relationships should be able to map fields and specify rules and then have it automated from that point on.
Follow me on Twitter:
Forum Etiquette: How to post data/code on a forum to get the best help
Post #676613
Gift Peddie
Gift Peddie
Posted Monday, March 16, 2009 9:32 AM
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I think a program could do the job, but not by just installing and click "next". A person that undestands the data and relationships should be able to map fields and specify rules and then have it automated from that point on.
That is ETL which takes skills on both ends of the relational model and sometimes includes expensive tools like Informatica on none SQL Server based database or a team of developers using SSIS. So it is still skills and development required.
Kind regards,
Gift Peddie
Post #676643
Posted Monday, March 16, 2009 9:52 AM
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Masking is not an ETL operation, it is an in-situ update process and does not need other relational databases to succeed. The knowledge required is an understanding of the relationships in the entity.
Post #676675
Gift Peddie
Gift Peddie
Posted Monday, March 16, 2009 10:07 AM
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I am not talking about masking which you could also do and currently do in most cases with encryption, I am talking about moving large amount of personal data from different sources and making sure the final data is actually valid. Teen agers should be alive and dead people should remain dead. That is ETL if your employees are not skilled you need Informatica. Informatica in most Enterprise implementation is one million dollars.
Then making sure that data cannot be moved without escort. And in the VA case only encryption would have made the loss limited not masking.
it is an in-situ update process and does not need other relational databases to succeed.
The tool in the link below only support SQL Server some versions and Oracle some version with DB2 edition in development so it is RDBMS versons dependent.
Kind regards,
Gift Peddie
Post #676684
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This is the fourth film in the Harry Potter series. It was released on 18 November 2005, in the UK.
Harry Potter is mysteriously entered into the Triwizard Tournament, a gruelling contest among three wizarding schools in which he confronts a dragon, water demons and an enchanted maze only to find himself in Lord Voldemort's grasp. All will change when Harry, Ron and Hermione leave childhood forever and face challenges beyond their imagination.


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Employment Opportunities
UNC will only accept application materials for open positions.
Conditions of Employment:
- All candidates who are extended an offer of employment must complete and pass a background check. Some positions, depending on the job duties will need to complete a physical evaluation to be hired.
- All new-hires must be able to provide proof of authorization to work in the United States within 3 days of hire.
- All Employees are required to have direct deposit of your paycheck.
- For positions requiring a degree, candidates must provide original transcripts within 30 days of hire.
About Greeley
Nestled between the snow-capped Rocky Mountains and the sprawling high plains just an hour's drive north of Denver, the metro-Greeley area has a population of nearly 100,000. Its pace is comfortable, its personality eclectic, its population diverse. Located In the heart of Weld County - one of the fastest-growing areas in Colorado - Greeley provides access to an abundance of housing choices, job opportunities and cultural, recreational and entertainment amenities. You'll find all the major retailers and chain restaurants, great locally-owned shops and restaurants, and have easy access to a wide variety of Colorado adventures, whether you're into skiing, hiking, camping, horseback riding, shopping or just exploring new vistas.
UNC is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity employer.
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text:
Guess Who's Back… Back Again… ;D
'Where is this going? I thought I knew for a minute
but I don't anymore…'😉
Of course, things have been hectic. School, #WBC [♥ – you know who you are], and of course Twitter keep me on my toes. Plus, I've suffered some severe writer's block over the off-season. How ridiculous of me. (Yes, I used a hashtag in a blog post. Sue me.)
It's amazing how consumed your time can get with people you ultimately don't know. Twitter has introduced me to some of the best friends I could ever think to have in #WBC. Yeah, that may be absurd to most, but people search for the loves of their lives on the Internet, why can't I find a few good friends? They make me laugh like I've never laughed before, there's hardly ever a dull moment, and they're there for me, just like best friends would be. So, if you don't like it, you can get the FUGOUT. Judge me all you want, but my opinions won't change. If you're reading this guys, I LOVE YOU! ::widdle voice::
Back to baseball. Well, our beloveds have begun Spring Training and there have been some highs and lows. Non-roster invitees kickin' a$s and takin' names, some '09 heroes coming through and some mucking up… but hey, it's Spring Training. Should one really delve into that? IMO, no. Spring Training is just that – 'training'. Whatever happens there is not the end of the world, unless in transitions into the actual season. THEN I'll be worried.
Hm, what else…? Oh, yes, J-Dames. Hasta luego, my dude. You made a pretty asinine decision. Tell Scott Boras he can stick it where the sun don't shine for us, will ya? Kthnxbye.
Another thing, as per Pretty in Pinstripes (hey Hiba!), this whole Nomar Garciaparra thing? Really? No, REALLY? Breesus Christ. How anyone can respect RSN is beyond me. That's enough about that before I vomit up my empty stomach.
Even though I don't want to take too much into account this Spring Training, I have a feeling those are the thoughts that'll pick at my brain at least until the season starts. Me not being vocal about things is just not normal…
With that being said, that reminds me: MARCH MADNESS IS NEARLY UPON US! ♥ Ahhh, I do love this time of year. Too bad UNC ate dirt this season, huh? [rolls eyes] Their tourney shot is basically gone and making the NIT is gonna be harder than it should be, if they even get considered at all. [sigh] There's always next season, right? -_- Oh well. I still love my Tar Heels. =)
Anyway, once I get back in the saddle of this whole blogging thing, I'm sure it'll come a lot easier to me like it used to. For those who came around to see the cobwebs, I apologize. Hopefully this post marks my triumphant return to the Blogosphere. Love you guys! ♥
7 Comments
Welcome back! I hope school has been treating you well – I loved it and hope to get my MBA at some point. I'm sure once the season picks up again in about 3 weeks, the inspiration for posts will bubble up and you'll have no shortage of things to say.
You're one of the best Yankees blogs I've read, so you should have no worries.
Nice to see you back, my friend! I am still laughing about "cheese fest" (see the message I left on your Facebook for more on that) I'm watching Yaknees Magazine right now bc they're in a RAIN DELAY. That deserves a child plese.
I'm so ready for baseball! Can't wait to hear more from ya Lisa. Go Yankees!
PS: my friend transferred to UNC just this year–I joked and told him he's the reason they had such a bad year. lol.
Lisa, good to see you're back again… I know how it goes, time just gets away from you, if only there were 36 hrs in a day…. March Madness, besides being the fact that baseball isn't really baseball, does cause me to root for the Jayhawks… just because I went and saw play when I live in KS…and I spent many days in March having extended lunchtimes in front of the big screen TV in either a Hooters or local Sports bar watching the games….. so GO Jayhawks
Outside the Phillies Looking In
Thankya Beth! School's been alright, sometimes tedious but that's how it is lol. I'm excited for the season and getting back on track with this thing! And thank you for the compliment! ♥
LOL oh A.J., c'mon now hahaha. I'm sick of rain delays… we got another postponement today – RIDICULOUS. And tell your friend to go to another school, would ya please? LOL
Hey Peter! Kansas fan are ya? They were pretty darn good this year. I'm not sure who I want to win it all yet… that'll come once I start working out my brackets! =)
Lisa: This time of year is tough us bloggeroos. But real baseball is right around the corner…just 15 days away!!!
I just saw this! I didn't know you were blogging again Lisa🙂
Thanks for the shout-out and having me on your blog roll!
It's gonna be a long season with LOTS to blog about. So get that booty shaking and let's go!
– Hiba
"Pretty In Pinstripes"


text:
Sneak Peek: The New Street Stylebook From 'Nylon'!
Nylon Street View; All Photos Courtesy of Universe
At MTV Style's headquarters in New York City, we're constantly on the hunt for hot styles you're wearing right now. We even go so far as to record great looks for posterity in our Show Us Your Style show! Sure, New York is a fashion hub, but it's hardly alone in the fashion-forward cities category. That's why we're pumped to show you a sneak peek of Street View: The New Nylon Book of Global Style, a new book from the editors of Nylon magazine, which just came out this month ($24,95, Amazon.com). The book covers the hottest street style in seven cities: Montreal, Stockholm, Barcelona, Tokyo, Los Angeles, London, and of course, New York. It proves that no matter where you go, stylish people are everywhere. Check out our favorite looks below!
+ What city do you think is the most stylish?
MONTREAL: Montreal was definitely well represented in this book with quirky, fun, daring looks. We love the skinny jeans and heels on the left and the originality of the outfit on the right, from the tiered-petal shirt to the textured tights and Jeremy Scott's wing sneakers for Adidas.
MONTREAL: These looks were also from Montreal, and here we're taking cues for mixing it up a little. Polka dots go with lace leggings, and red heart bags punch up an otherwise all-black outfit.
TOKYO: Tokyo is a town for trendsetters, and these two really make their looks pop with a mix of pieces like a thick gold chain on the left and the studded leather biker jacket on the right with leopard print platforms.
BARCELONA: European style is effortless chic, as proven here. And that goes for both guys and girls!
NEW YORK AND LONDON: The layered look on the left is from New York City, while the sweet-but-sophisticated style represents London on the right. Which city girl has the better style? That's a tough one!
LOS ANGELES: Casual, laid-back looks go far in Los Angeles, (just ask the girls of The Hills!). Floral, feminine dresses are paired with funky boots, and overalls get an update with chunky argyle heels.


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Levi Spirit
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Has Spring Come Early
... means warm enough to start shedding the layers of clothes, it was warm enough to start melting the snow however.
It was very windy up the slopes so we decided to skip snowboarding and stay down in the forest for a walk in the snow shoes instead. Armed with a thermos flask and a pack of sausages we headed for a fire pit.
In ...
The Start of the Trip South
The last 2 days have just been a mixture of snowboarding, eating, saunas and watching the final games of ice hockey in the Sochi Winter Olympics. The temperature has been getting warmer but the wind stronger, so overall it doesn't feel much different. David needs to be careful he doesn't grow horns and get signed up for sleigh duty, he has been eating ...
A Day For Wrapping Up Warm
It had 'warmed' up overnight, it was only minus 17c when we got up in the morning but that wasn't going to stop us trying out the slopes of Levi. There was a bit of wind as well to make it feel even colder, so wrapping up was job number one. Six pieces of thermal underwear later we had the flexibility and movement of the 'Michelin Man' but snug and warm. The wind and snow was still ferocious but the condition of the ...
It's Getting Even Colder
With the temperature dropping and David having a sore ankle, it was an easy choice to have a lazy day before moving on to our next destination.
We ventured out briefly to take Nena for a walk - being minus 10c, going as far as the lake was long enough for all of us. On our way back we stopped in by Ev�skori where they make the most enormous pizzas with local toppings - only the optional oregano brings it close to resembling an Italian pizza. One Bear ...
Pleasure & Pain
We were back on the slopes for a second day in a row today for some more snowboarding. We had some great runs and then for reasons unknown, David decided to try riding switch on a reasonably challenging red run. The heel turn was fine but the first attempt at a toe turn tested the new helmet and the second gave his ankle a ...


text:
Taking youngsters fishing
As a new stream fisherman and someone who's new to this message board, let me first apologize if I placed this under the wrong heading. Secondly, let me introduce myself: I am a longtime fly fisherman, mainly ponds and lakes around the house in KY where I grew up. It's only been recently that I took up fly fishing on streams and I'm now admittedly "obsessed," as my wife likes to describe it. I've read Jim's book cover to cover and refer to it anytime I plan a trip to the mountains from my home in S.C.
My question: Is there any advice from others who have been stream fishing longer than I have who can give me pointers on taking a 4-year-old stream fishing? I would assume it's simply a matter of finding an accessible stream and fishing from the bank while he plays in the shallows, but what about wading? Is that even a possibility? Any help/pointers/advice would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks in advance,
I faced the same dilemma several years ago. To be honest, I would not expect to get much fishing done around moving water if you have a four-year old in tow. You pretty much have to keep your eyes on them at all times if there are slick rocks and any degree of current involved. If you don't mind skipping rocks and turning them over looking for insects/crayfish/salamanders with them, then you will fare better. You might be able to make a cast here and there and catch a few fish. If you have another adult along, you might get to do a little more fishing. My nine-year old son is just now getting to the point that he can wade a trout stream with me and cast to the easier spots. He can even catch a few fish. My five and three-year old daughters are still very much in the splashing and rock throwing stages. They have no respect for or fear of moving water at this age, which can be a real problem.
Oh, welcome to the board by the way.
MC1--First of all, welcome and thanks for the kind comments about my book. Kudos for wanting to take a youngster fishing. It's a vital matter we all need to keep in mind (and do). With a four-year-old you won't get much fishing done, but do it anyway. There will be fun splashing around, throwing rocks (be sure to turn some over to look for insect life), and if you should by chance get to cast enough to hook a trout, let your understudy "help" net it. Anything which can convey excitement, fun, and action at this age is a real plus, and you can give a youngster no greater gift than an early and abiding love for fishing, hunting, and the good earth.
I'm enternally grateful to my father, who started taking me trout fishing when I was six, and goodness know how much he sacrificed. That's what you'll be doing, but in time it will all be worth it. ONe of the high points of my life was my daughter "lording" it over her husband when she out-fished him, big-time, on the Nantahala river a few years back.
Your post was a heartening one and I would love to see more of us giving thought (and time) to passing on a wonderful legacy.
Jim Casada
I have found with my son Jack who will be 5 in August that he isn't ready for a fly rod but what I do is I took his little short kids zebco (spider man) rod and removed the spinning reel and line from it. Then I tied on about 4 feet of heavier tippet to the rod tip end like 6x and a very small nymph with the barb mashed down real good. I let him get behind a rock and fling it over into the pool. He hasn't caught any yet trying this but only did it once for a couple of minutes. I think it will work good though and I did catch a fish with it using that technique while he was looking for salamanders and then I let him hold and release the fish which he got a huge kick out of. Like these other guys have said if he and I fish for an hour it really is about 5 mins of fishing and 55 minutes of playing, looking for salamanders or crawdads, and or throwing rocks. Another tip is don't bring your rod just his. It is really too hard to try and fish when watching after a kid of that age. I find that I have to hold his rod most of the time anyway so I just fish together with him using it if I fish at all. Its all fun though! We will be staying at Smokemont tomorrow night and maybe will fish a few minutes on bradley fork. He likes to hike and explore more right now.
Adam Beal
Hey Jack (JAB)...
You could try putting just enough float line on the reel that it comes out of the end of the rod and then attach the leader so he could roll cast it.
I truly appreciate the comments and advice. I can assure you I'll be using the information quite a bit in the next couple years. Along with my 4-year-old, I have another son who just turned 1 not too long ago. With that in mind, any advice I can gather from here will definitely be used!
I got no style, I'm strictly roots.
Ducks and Geese too
Glad to see the info on this thread, got a 4 yo nephew that I have been wondering about
as with the others, good for you taking your 4 year old fishing.
My son, Daniel, is now 15 and is still my fishing buddy (and has developed into quite the fine fisherman I must add as he regularly outfishes me).
With a child that young, I think I'd focus on turning over rocks, playing in the stream and enjoying a nice day out in the woods. If there is any kind of moving water at all, things can happen so quick that even a momentary lapse in focus could result in tragedy. If you're landing a fish, looking up the stream to the next run or fiddling with your fly line as you're trying to dislodge a fly from a tree, you could look up and see something you really don't want to see.
Take your son or daughter fishing, yes, absolutely it will be time you will remember for the rest of your life, and when he or she is older, it will be times you can share and both of you will remember the rest of your life. 40+ years later, I still have very fond memories of fishing with my grandfather.
I just think most of the streams in the Smokys wouldn't be my first choice.
Metcalf Bottoms may be a possibility if the water is still low (nice picnic area, plenty of area to splash around, plenty of other people) and it will have some fish to cast to. fishing would be great, catching may be a bit slim.
Hope you all have a great time.
By the way, what part of Kentucky are you originally from?
I grew up about 30 minutes outside Louisville and my folks now live near Paducah. My grandparents and some other family still reside in Mt. Vernon. How about yourself? Where do you call home?
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Internet Privacy
New technologies are making it easier for governments and corporations to learn the minutiae of our online activities. Corporations collect our information to sell to the highest bidder while an expanding surveillance apparatus and outdated privacy laws allow the government to monitor us like never before.
With more and more of our lives moving online, these intrusions have devastating implications for our right to privacy. But more than just privacy is threatened when everything we say, everywhere we go, and everyone we associate with are fair game. We have seen that surveillance—whether by governments or corporations—chills free speech and free association, undermines a free media, and threatens the free exercise of religion.
We shouldn't have to choose between using new technologies and keeping our personal information private. The ACLU works to promote a future where technology can be implemented in ways that protect civil liberties, to limit the collection of personal information, and to ensure that individuals have control over their private data.
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