text:
Mikhail V. Grachev. Adjunct Professor. Management & Organizations W252 John Pappajohn Bus Bldg The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1994 ...
Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (Russian: Па́вел Серге́евич Грачё́в; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star. As Defence Minister, Grachev gained notoriety because of his military incompetence displayed during the war in Chechnya and the persistent allegations of involvement in enormous corruption scandals.
This is an excerpt from the article Grachev from the Wikipedia free encyclopedia. A list of authors is available at Wikipedia.
This is an excerpt from the article Grachev from the Wikipedia free encyclopedia. A list of authors is available at Wikipedia.
The article Grachev at en.wikipedia.org was accessed 35 times in the last 30 days. (as of: 07/19/2013)
Search results from Google and Bing
Pavel Grachev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (Russian: Па́вел Серге́евич Грачё́в; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov, was a Russian ...
Denis Grachev - Boxer
Denis Grachev - Boxer.
Evgeny Grachev hockey statistics and…
Statistics of Evgeny Grachev, a hockey player from Khabarovsk, Russia born February 21, 1990 who was active from 2007 to 2013.
Evgeny Grachev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Evgeny Igorevitch Grachev (Russian: Евге́ний И́горевич Грачё́в; born February 21, 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing ...
Evgeny Grachev - St. Louis Blues - NHL.com
Evgeny Grachev. St. Louis Blues. Evgeny Grachev. Center - STL. Video ›. Number: 78. Height: 6' 4". Weight: 225. Shoots: Right. Born: Feb 21, 1990 (Age 23).
Boxing results: Edwin Rodriguez starches Denis Grachev in one ...
Jul 13, 2013 ... Edwin Rodriguez made a statement today in Monte Carlo, stopping Denis Grachev in the first round, while Khabib Allakhverdiev retained his ...
Evgeny Grachev - St. Louis Blues - NHL - Yahoo! Sports
The latest stats, facts, news and notes on Evgeny Grachev of the St. Louis Blues.
Preview and Prediction for Denis Grachev vs. Edwin Rodriguez Bout ...
Jul 9, 2013 ... On Saturday, July 13, rugged light heavyweight prospect Denis Grachev of Russia will face off with the undefeated super middleweight ...
Evgeny Grachev Stats, News, Videos, Highlights, Pictures, Bio - St ...
Get the latest news, stats, videos, highlights and more about St. Louis Blues center Evgeny Grachev on ESPN.com.
Lucian Bute vs Denis Grachev - entrevues…
En direct du Centre Bell, le 3 novembre 2012, assistez au retour tant attendu de Lucian Bute (30-1-0 24 KO). Après sa première défaite chez les ...
Search results for "Grachev"
Google: approx. 693.000
Grachev in science
Mikhail V. Grachev - People Directory - Tippie College of Business ...
Mikhail Grachev - University of Iowa - RateMyProfessors.com
See ratings and read comments about professor Mikhail Grachev from University of Iowa in IA.
Mikhail Grachev - Western Illinois University - Quad Cities ...
See ratings and read comments about professor Mikhail Grachev from Western Illinois University - Quad Cities in IL.
Mikhail V. Grachev - Management and Marketing - Western Illinois ...
Western Illinois University: Macomb Campus. Return to home page ... E-mail: MV -firstname.lastname@example.com. Education: Ph.D., Russian Academy of Sciences, 1998.
Alex Grachev profiles | LinkedIn
View the profiles of professionals named Alex Grachev on LinkedIn. ... School of Business, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (former Moscow State ...
Sergey Grachev profiles | LinkedIn
View the profiles of professionals named Sergey Grachev on LinkedIn. ... The Open University, Samara State Aerospace University, Courses & Seminars, ...
Vladimir Grachev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Saratov State University, 1981, 208 p. V. Grachev, S. Kazantsev and others. " Furnaces in the foundry industry. Atlas of designs". Textbook for university students, ...
Grachev Mikhail Nikolaevich|PFUR - Peoples' Friendship University ...
Grachev Mikhail Nikolaevich. Professor of Public and Municipal Administration Chair at Faculty of Humanities and Social Science In Peoplesí Friendship ...
Valentin G Grachev - Overview - ResearchGate
Researcher » Valentin G Grachev, Montana State University, Department of Physics, USA, Condensed Matter Physics.
Boxing News | Rodriguez annihilates Grachev in first round to win ...
Jul 13, 2013 ... Rodriguez hurt Grachev early and floored him about one minute in. Rodriguez continued to ... Catherine Salerno · Tufts University. Next world ...
Books on the term Grachev
Dalʹshe Bez Meni︠a︡:
As press secretary to Mikhail Gorbachev, Andrei Grachev witnessed and recorded many events unobserved by the general public.
Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia
Grachev Brothers. Jewelry Company. BP.rPAHEBbl The firm was established in St. Petersburg in 1866 by Gavriil Petrovich Grachev, who had previously worked for the firm Gasse on the Nevski Prospekt. With Grachev's death in 1873, ...
Gorbachev's Gamble: Soviet Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War
Soviet Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War Andrei Grachev. GORBACHEV'S GAMBLE Soviet Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War Andrei Grachev polity Copyright © Andrei Grachev 2008 The right of Andrei Grachev.
The Collapse of the Soviet Military
To add confusion, he also sent one airborne regiment on a long march around the Moscow ring road, ordering it to turn toward Moscow on the Minsk highway and then stop.93 Grachev was asked to explain the behavior of one other division, ...
Development of Google searches
Online sources for the term
Grachev: Here for a While, The Moscow Times, 13 July 1995.www.moscowtimes.ru/stories/1995/07/13/034.html
Pavel Grachev: Disgraced but Indispensable, The Jamestown Foundation, 3 May 1996.www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=3&issue_id=140&article_id=1670
Pavel Grachev, RusNet, 03.12.2003.www.rusnet.nl/encyclo/g/grachev.shtml
Blog posts on the term
Boxing results: Edwin Rodriguez starches Denis Grachev in one, Allakhverdiev retains - Bad Left Hook
Edwin Rodriguez made a statement today in Monte Carlo, stopping Denis Grachev in the first round, while Khabib Allakhverdiev retained his WBA junior welterweight belt with a win over Souleymane M'baye.www.badlefthook.com/2013/7/13/4521310/boxing-results-edwin-rodriguez-starches-denis-grachev-in-one
Rodriguez crushes Grachev
Super middleweight Edwin Rodriguez (24-0, 16 KO's) proved he was the better man tonight in quickly stopped Denis Grachev (13-2-1, 8 KO's) ...www.eastsideboxing.com/2013/grachev-vs-rodriguez-early-results-from-monaco/
Rodriguez destroys Grachev in 1st round TKO
By Allan Fox: Undefeated super middleweight contender Edwin Rodriguez (24-0, 16 KO's) never even gave Russian fighter Denis Grachev (13-2-1, 8 KO's) a chancewww.boxingnews24.com/2013/07/rodriguez-grachev-early-results/
Boris Grachev and Anna Gvanceladze won the 2013 Rapid Chess Championships | Chessdom www.chessdom.com/boris-grachev-and-anna-gvanceladze-won-the-2013-rapid-chess-championships/
Note: Evgeny Grachev May Be Staying In Russia | SNY Rangers Blog snyrangersblog.com/rangers/note-evgeny-grachev-may-be-staying-in-russia/
E-Rod and Grachev Make Weight in Monaco - TheSweetScience.com
New York, NY / Monaco / Johannesburg (July 12) – Downtown Monte Carlo came alive on Friday afternoon as all eight boxers weighed in for the "Million Dollar Super Four" final tournament in Monaco on Saturday night.www.thesweetscience.com/news/articles/16917-e-rod-and-grachev-make-weight-in-monaco
Discussion of Edwin Rodriguez's 1st round TKO of Denis Grachev
Amateur & Pro Boxing, MMA and Muay Thaiwww.sportofboxing.com/discussion-of-edwin-rodriguezs-1st-round-tko-of-denis-grachev/
Madár törött bordával bokszolt Grachev ellen - Sport24
Erdei Zsolt eddig titokban tartotta sérülését, mert nem akart kifogásokat keresni veresége után.sport.hir24.hu/kuzdosportok/2013/08/11/madar-torott-bordaval-bokszolt-grachev-ellen/~~fokusz
The Week's Boxing Schedule, Featuring Denis Grachev And Chris Avalos | July | 2013 Articles www.queensberry-rules.com/2013-articles/july/the-week-s-boxing-schedule-featuring-denis-grachev-and-chris-avalos.html
denis grachev-edwin rodriguez preview | Neutral Corner Boxing Predictions
Massachusetts native Edwin Rodriguez travels to Monaco this weekend to take on the rugged Russian kickboxer turned boxer Denis Grachev.neutralcorneronline.com/predictions/2013/07/10/edwin-rodriguez-denis-grachev-preview-2/
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text:
Obituaries from the week of August 28, 2002
Wallace Greenfield, 82
Funeral services were held on Thursday, August 22, 2002 for Wallace Greenfield at Lake Sarah Lutheran Church in Garvin, MN. Officiant was Rev. Melba Smith with Lois Robinson as organist.
Honorary casket bearers were Robert Horner, Darwin Horner, Mark Becker, Darin Horner, Corey Horner, Matthew Greenfield, Meghan Collins, Nathan Greenfield and Morgan Graff.
Wallace Greenfield was born January 27, 1920 in Rock Lake Township, Lyon County, MN to Albert and Fannie (Sonius) Greenfield. He grew up in Rock Lake Township and attended country school. Following school he worked on the family farm. He served in the U.S. Army from January 1942 - December 1945. Following his discharge from the service he returned to the Balaton area where he farmed. He then worked for two roofing companies.
On February 14, 1975 he was united in marriage to Blanche Greenfield, in Brookings, SD. They resided in Tracy. Wallace enjoyed spending time with his family. He was a member of the Balaton American Legion and the Tracy V.F.W. He enjoyed hunting, fishing, gardening and reading.
Wallace Greenfield died on August 19, 2002 at the Prairie View Healthcare Center in Tracy at the age of 82 years, 6 months and 22 days.
He is survived by his sister Helen Towne of Garvin, brother Al Greenfield of Tracy; five stepchildren, Lenny (Marvin) Becker of Garvin, Lilia (Lonnie) Horner of Tracy, Loren (Marilyn) Greenfield of Galesburg, IL, Linda (Paul) Collins of Las Vegas, NV, Larry (Catherine) Greenfield of Fonda, IA; nine step-grandchildren and 15 step-great-grandchildren.
He was preceded in death by his parents, wife Blanche, one brother and two sisters.
Burial was in Bethany Lutheran Cemetery in Garvin, MN. The Tracy Area Funeral Home handled the arrangements.
Shirley Nelson, 70
Funeral services were held on Sunday, August 25, 2002 for Shirley Nelson at the United Methodist Church in Walnut Grove, MN. The Rev. Michael Smith officiated. Organist was Laurie Johnson with singers Barbie Rechtdigel and Lincoln Olson. Pallbearers were all her grandchildren.
Shirley Nelson was born on September 17, 1931 at Granite Rock Township, Redwood County, near Lucan, MN to William and Agnes Zaske Klante. She grew up on a farm near Lucan and graduated from Milroy High School in 1949.
On September 29, 1950, she and Maynard Dimps Nelson were married at the Lutheran church parsonage in Milroy. Following their marriage they lived in Walnut Grove where they operated the Red Owl Store for many years. Dimps died on October 6, 1982 and Shirley continued living in Walnut Grove until 1996 when she moved to Vesta, MN.
Shirley passed away on August 22, 2002 following heart surgery in Sioux Falls, SD. She was 70 years old.
Shirley was a member of the United Methodist Church in Walnut Grove where she was very active in many activities. She enjoyed playing cards, crocheting, watching baseball, especially the Twins, traveling and spending time with her friends and family.
Survivors include her three children and their spouses: Darla and Randy Larsen of Clear Lake, IA, Daris and Teri Nelson of Marshall, MN, and Joe and Carol Nelson of Marshall; 10 grandchildren: Brandon and Laura Nelson, Staci Nelson, Traecy Singsaas, Corey Wright, Jason and Nicole Larsen, Brock Larsen, Crystal and Chad Schultz, Manda and Keith Gempler, Stacy and Shawn Labat; four great-grandchildren: Blake Nelson, Walter Lawrence, Caleb Biddle and Grace Hoskins; brothers and their wives: Glen Klante of Enid, OK, Vern and Roberta Klante of Lucan, MN, Harlan Klante of Elk River, MN and a sister, Detta and her husband, John Comnick of Upland, CA.
She was preceded in death by her parents, husband, Maynard and two sisters-in-law, Joyce and Mary Klante.
Interment was in the Walnut Grove Cemetery, Walnut Grove, MN, with the Totzke Funeral Home of Slayton handled arrangements.
Ed Schentzel, 76
Ed Schentzel, formerly of Balaton, passed away on Sunday, August 25, 2002 at the Veterans Hospital in Minneapolis.
Ed graduated from Balaton High School and the University of Minnesota. He was in the US Navy during World War II and was a long time employee of NSP.
He is survived by his wife Jen (Gilpin) and son Keith and daughter Joan.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sunday, February 22, 2009
Ron Paul on Realtime
Thursday, February 19, 2009
Oh, Canada...
"Pro-freedom Coalition on Fox"
Judge Andrew Napolitano is a staunch Constitutionalist, free marketeer of the Austrian tradition (I recall him expressing his views, meeting him briefly at the Ludwig von Mises Institute's Gold Supporter's Summit this past October) and a talented lawyer in every sense. A few free-market advocates from Wall Street, Peter Schiff, Lew Rockwell and Congressman Ron Paul are also featured.
Monday, February 16, 2009
TUESDAY @ 8 PM: Dr. Nigel Ashford of IHS to speak on "Changing the World for Liberty"
"Changing the World for Liberty"
Dr. Nigel Ashford of the Institute for Humane Studies
Tuesday (2/17), 8 PM, 303 Hamilton
Join us for a special meeting this Tuesday with Dr. Nigel Ashford of the Institute for Humane Studies. Dr. Ashford will speak for about 30 minutes on "Changing the World for Liberty," and will then open up for questions and discussion.
A professor of politics, Dr. Ashford has written widely on the subject of liberty, and has worked for a number of libertarian and free-market think tanks. This is an excellent opportunity to learn from a respected political expert within the libertarian movement. A more detailed biography can be found here.
This week's meeting will be earlier than usual, at 8 PM in 303 Hamilton. Please come on time so as to not interrupt Dr. Ashford's talk, and bring your liberty-minded friends!
If you would be interested in joining us for dinner with Dr. Ashford before the event, let me know; we have room for a few more people. Shoot us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com
See you Tuesday!
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Smoot-Hawley 2.0
Two of Canada's largest unions are urging the federal government to adopt a Buy Canadian policy similar to the proposal that has been criticized in the United States.
At a joint press conference on Tuesday morning, the Canadian Auto Workers and the United Steelworkers said Ottawa should adopt a procurement policy that ensures the majority of public funds are spent on goods and services made in Canada.
Monday, February 09, 2009
Thank you, Steve Wozniak
Describing a scheme the government used to try to get him drafted for the Vietnam War, Woz writes,
From that point on, I saw that the government would do whatever it could to beat a citizen, that it was just a game. And this was the exact opposite of the way I had thought of government my whole life. That episode taught me an important lesson about government, authority, even the police. You couldn't trust them to do the right thing...I can't even describe to you the shock and disgust I felt at our government: that they would play this kind of game with my life, that they didn't care about people the way that my dad had taught me. I'd thought the government was here to protect us, but that turned out to be wrong. I now believed the government was just out to do what was good for the government and would lie about anything they could get away with. They were not there to do sensible things, and they played with my life in the worst possible way. (79, 80)
Sunday, February 08, 2009
"Democrats Piss Me Off"
I'm no fan of Republicans, but it always seems like whichever party is out of power at the moment seems more principled. I was happy to see many Republicans from protectionist states on the list.
Democrats, please start thinking about what you are doing. I'm not talking to the politicians...they know exactly what they are doing: exchanging votes for campaign contributions from powerful American manufacturing interests. I'm talking to the people who support these corrupt politicians. "Buying American" is a stupid, reckless concept. You might think you are helping out the struggling American factory worker. What you are really doing is telling American citizens, "you are not allowed to buy products overseas." Blocking the beneficial forces of competition and comparative advantage, you are raising prices for manufactured goods across the board. So maybe your factory worker will keep his job for another few years, but every American will have to pay much higher prices for manufactured goods, which means they won't have as much money to spend on food, health care, hybrid cars, and all those other things liberals pretend to love.
Stop destroying America! No one cares about your intentions! Start thinking about the damage you are actually causing.
And please, read this interview with Steven Landsburg entitled "Is Buying American Racist?" (Don't let it's connection with Fox News dissuade you...it's just an interview, and a very good one.)
Libertarian wisdom from Jeffrey Miron
It is tempting to believe that every problem has a solution, but the reality is not so nice. It is possible, even likely, that the best we can do is fix things we know how to fix, and then get out of the way. This may not ameliorate the current situation, but it avoids making things worse. In economics as in medicine -- first, do no harm.CNN added a nice little addendum to the article.
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Jeffrey Miron.Not true, CNN!
Wednesday, February 04, 2009
Tuesday, February 03, 2009
Reforming the Rockefeller Drug Laws
Highlights from Reason
From Ronald Bailey,
Marcia Angell, former editor of The New England Journal of Medicine, has argued that Americans spend so much money on pharmaceuticals partly because many of the drugs people now take "are more likely to be expensive new ones instead of older, cheaper ones." But a new study from the Manhattan Institute suggests the extra money is well spent.
Columbia University economist Frank Lichtenberg analyzed patterns in the dispensing of prescription drugs in 49 states between 1995 and 2004...States that adopted new drugs more rapidly, Lichtenberg found, had the smallest increases in disability rates. And those newer drugs kept 418,000 additional people off the disability rolls in 2004, saving Social Security $4.5 billion.People blame all sorts of things for rising medical costs--from government regulations to HMOs to a lack of socialism. But couldn't part of it just be that we are paying for better products? If medicines work better, and don't kill as many people as they used to, why shouldn't they cost more?
The "Citings" feature has many more interesting snippets, on topics including drugs, immigration, surveillance, and intellectual property rights. I found Nick Gillespie's response to calls for a "Newer Deal" most interesting.
A 2004 study[*] by two UCLA economists, Harold L. Cole and Lee E. Ohanian, argues that far from speeding along recovery, such interventions actually prolonged the Great Depression by about seven years.I guess it's the thought that counts.
Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and other sources, Cole and Ohanian zero in on the effects of the 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), which exempted industrial sectors from antitrust prosecution if they agreed to collective bargaining agreements that raised workers' wages. Roosevelt believed that "excessive competition" was responsible for economic volatility and that by stabilizing labor costs he could stabilize the economy. At the act's peak, about 80 percent of nonagricultural industry was covered by NIRA, resulting in higher than market wages and prices and, ultimately, lower demand. NIRA eventually was declared unconstitutional, but not before the country felt its impact.
Without NIRA-style interventions rigidifying the economy, Cole and Ohanian believe, the Depression would have been a recession ending in 1936, rather than a prolonged slump that technically ended only in 1943. Roosevelt "came up with a recovery package that would be unimaginable today, allowing businesses in every industry to collude without the threat of antitrust prosecution and workers to demand salaries about 25 percent above where they ought to have been, given market forces," Cole said when the study was released. "The economy was poised for a beautiful recovery, but that recovery was stalled by…misguided policies."
Reason's first article is a scathing criticism of the governator. Given his messianic status as some sort of savior of the Republican party, it should be of interest to more than just fellow Californians.
Schwarzenegger blew into office decrying California's bloated budget, vowing to "blow up the boxes" of Sacramento's bureaucracy, and promising to never again let the Golden State go near Gray Davis' record-setting $38 billion deficit. Five years into the Schwarzenegger era, the budget has ballooned from $100 billion to $145 billion, and the state's legislative analyst announced in November that California was facing a deficit of $28 billion. Bond market ratings assess the state as a bigger lending risk than Slovakia. And those bureaucratic boxes have remained largely intact...If there's anything to be learned from Schwarzenegger, it's that politicians ALWAYS abandon their principles and succumb to pressure when elected to office. Look at the Republicans after 1994. Look at the Democrats now! It's been two years since they took over Congress, and now they have control of the White House too, and as far as I can tell, earmark spending is at record levels, and our soldiers are still fighting in Iraq.
What are some of these "necessary programs"? How about a $9.9 billion bond for a long-dreamed-of high-speed rail project between Los Angeles and San Francisco that is expected to cost at least $45 billion, which even supporters such as the Los Angeles Times editorial board think will require "many billions more" in subsidies? Then there's the $3 billion bond from 2004 to put California bureaucrats in the stem cell research business, mostly as a poke in the eye of George W. Bush.
How to pay for all this during what the governor has declared a "financial emergency"? Partly by rattling the tin cup outside the White House. Schwarzenegger was one of the first governors to hit up Washington for some of that fat bailout money gushing from the Oval Office.But the spending splurge also requires new taxes, according to the governor: a "temporary" 1.5-percentage-point increase in the 7.25 percent sales tax, an increase in the number of services covered by the sales tax, higher taxes for alcohol and oil production, and so on...
Even on social issues, where Schwarzenegger's more libertarian approach was supposed to avoid the Republican trap of freedom constricting politics, the governor instead has embraced the freedom-constricting policies of the left. To cite one particularly ironic example, in 2004 he signed a law requiring every California employer with more than 50 workers to force upon its managers state-approved sexual harassment training...
Back when he was taping testimonials for Milton Friedman's Free to Choose, Arnold Schwarzenegger looked like the kind of person who would indeed choose freedom if given a chance to govern. Instead, he punted on the radical, government-reducing reforms offered to him by his own box-exploding California Performance Review and learned to love—or at least perpetuate—the very bureaucracy he was elected to confront. That's not a blueprint for 21st-century Republicanism. It's just George W. Bush's big-government conservatism with a Hollywood face.
I don't put the blame on the politicians...I'm guessing they run for office with their ideals intact, hoping to create real change. But they're only human, and once they get to Washington, Sacramento, or wherever, they realize that their change isn't wanted. So they can either play the game and help the ruling corporations and interest groups, or they can hang on to their ideals and start collecting unemployment benefits. Our government should not put people in this position to begin with.
Until then, I'll be reading Reason. We'll have free copies at future meetings...come get one!


text:
Caring for Mme 8-12 years
Paperback, 34 Pages
List Price: $24.00
Price: $21.60
You Save: $2.40 ( 10% )
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Caring for "Mme" 8-12 is a Read-To-Me Book to help Children cope with a family illness. It is narrated in South African English and the conversations are in Southern Sotho and Zulu with the English in parentheses. It is a fiction story of three generations set in the township of Katlehong in South Africa. It can be used by family members or community members with the child. The child can color the pictures and answer the questions presented in the book to help the child to express him or her. It is Christian material.
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Product Details
- 9781300968696
- Copyright
- Valerie Matisetso Kumalo (Standard Copyright License)
- Edition
- First
- Publisher
- Self Published
- Published
- February 4, 2014
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 34
- Binding
- Perfect-bound Paperback
- Interior Ink
- Full color
- Weight
- 0.46 lbs.
- Dimensions (inches)
- 8.5 wide x 11 tall
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(based on 51 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
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1 Stars
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
Reviewed by 51 customers
Displaying reviews 1-10
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(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Cute winter decoration
By Shoelovertoo
from Lansing, Michigan
About Me Budget Shopper
Comments about Lighted Snow Table Runner:
I love these lighted runners. I use one all winter long to put my ceramic horse and sleigh on. They are a nice winter decoration. The lights look so pretty through the snow. I wish they lasted longer is the only thing. I can get about 2 or 3 years of winter use out of each one which I guess is good. I have them on a timer so they come on at the same time every night from December to March. The ceramic piece I have on them is a bit heavy so that might be why the lights don't last longer as well. i think they would look cute with a village setting on them as pictured as well. I have bought several of them over the years and am still happy with the look.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
(4 of 7 customers found this review helpful)
Perfect size - Just what I was looking for
By Satisfied Customer
from Troy, MI
Perfect size and just the right touch for my snowman display. Had been looking for something like this for quite a while and this is exactly what I needed.
Lighted snow table runner
By Jane
from Fort Wayne in
The item looks nice lit up. It isn't made very well, but it does the trick
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
Table runners.
By Family
from Montello Wi
I use this at Christmas time mostly. It lights up my little village and manger scene.
excellent product
By winelover.
from martins ferry ohio
About Me Midrange Shopper
It is not battery operated that is hard to find
Not quite what I expected
By Beachgirl
from Lewes, DE
Looks nice with village in place, but I would prefer the lights not blink.
(1 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
Vmakes for a nice display
By Jeannie with the light brown hair
from Colo Spgs Co
I like my purchase because it is electric and less expensive than using those with batteries. Also like that it has different settings to run lights.
cute snow blanket for Christmas Village
By Mary
from Allentown PA
Village houses sit very nicely but the smaller figurines are a little topsy
(0 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Need to send back
By Nanny
from Lynn MA
Please send me information about sending the product back for a full refundThank you
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
Fun lights for my small village.
By Christmas Decorator
from St. Peters, MO
I am using this table runner as "snow" under my Christmas village. It is so festive and fun because of its many settings.


text:
Threat description
At February 16th, a variant of VBS/VBSWG was spreading within messages that have the following content:
Subject: Info Reformasi Body: Maklumat Terkini... Attachment: r4mac.vbs
Automatic action
Once detected, the F-Secure security product will automatically disinfect the suspect file by either deleting it or renaming it.
More information on scanning and removal options available in your F-Secure product can be found in the Help Center.
You may also refer to the Knowledge Base on the F-Secure Community site for more information.
Contact Support
For further assistance, F-Secure customers can request support online via the Request support or the Chat forms on our Home - Global site.
Technical Details
When the attached file is executed, the worm will mail itself to the each recipient in every address book. After mass mailing the following key is added to the registry:
This variant also replicates using mIRC and Pirch IRC clients. It replaces the "script.ini" from mIRC and "events.ini" from Pirch installation directories, causing that the worm will send itself to the IRC user that joins the channel where an infected user is.
VBSWG.Q also goes trough all local and network drivers from the system, and replaces every file with either ".vbs" or ".vbe" extension with itself. It also attempts to locate mIRC and Pirch installations from these drives.
This variant activates its payload at September 7th, when it launches a web browser and connects to Malaysian web site.
Information about the original VBS/Onthefly.A (also known as I-Worm.Lee.o and VBS/VBSWG) is available at: https://www.F-Secure.com/v-descs/onthefly.shtml
Technical Details:Katrin Tocheva and Sami Rautiainen, F-Secure; February 2001
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text:
Listen Flo 957 Online
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Bayer 04 Leverkusen will have to make do without Robbie Kruse for the rest of the campaign after it was confirmed that the forward has ruptured the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee.
Kruse, 25, sustained the knock in training on Friday and scans confirmed the extent of the injury on Saturday which makes the Austrailian international a doubt for the FIFA World Cup. Kruse has made 15 Bundesliga appeareances this term and featured on four occasions as Leverkusen finished second in UEFA Champions League Group A.
Sami Hyypiä's charges take on Paris Saint-Germain in the round of 16 with the first leg in Germany on 18 Feburary.
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text:
Let be the number of ways to prepare a fruit basket with r pieces of fruit. We want to find the Ordinary Power Series Generating Function (OPSGF) .
The OPSGF for the number of apples is
the series for the number of bananas is the same,
and the series for the number of oranges is
The number of ways to get 36 pieces of fruit in the basket is the coefficient of when f is expanded as a series.
Do you see how to find this coefficient?


text:
Re: Build a shared library for DS-5Lukas Snetler 10-Apr-2014 18:19 (in response to bobo)1 of 1 people found this helpful
Hi bobo,
Looks like the last command is failing because it is trying to link against host libraries (from /usr/lib64) which are probably not compiled for ARM architecture. If you were compiling on your target then this would not be a problem. As we are cross compiling here, things are slightly tougher.
The steps taken to build libarmidillo.so from this post look promising http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21263427/cross-compiling-armadillo-linear-algebra-library
To help link your applications the gcc compiler in DS-5 provides two differently built libc system root's, hardfloat (hf) and softfloat, but ideally you'd want to link against the system root built for your device. To include headers you could point to DS-5/sw/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include/; and select the appropriate system libraries from DS-5/sw/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib.
As long as you are building for an ABI that is compatible with your target filesystem ABI then your application should run (presuming the C libraries are compatible; older versions are normally compatible with newer ones). You can specify the ABI by selecting a combination of the appropriate –mfloat-abi and –mfpu switches, but I think the default for is hardfloat for arm-linux-gnueabihf.
Hope this helps


text:
Laurel Gallery records, 1946-1952
Laurel Gallery (New York, N.Y.),
est. 1946
Art gallery
New York, N.Y.
Collection size: 0.6 linear ft. (on partial microfilm reel).
Collection Summary: Letters to Gallery director Chris Ritter and co-director, Grace Borgenicht; biographical and autobiographical writiings of Milton Avery, Gabor Peterdi, and Leonard Pytlak; financial records and account books, 1946-1951; exhibition materials, scrapbook of clippings; photographs of works of art by Claude Bentley, George Constant, Ibram Lassaw, Michael Lenson, Walter Pach, Madeline Tourtelot and Jimmy Ernst; and miscellaneous papers.
Biographical/Historical Note: The Laurel Gallery was founded in New York City in 1946 at 108 East 57th Street and was an active supporter of the contemporary American art.
The donor, Chris Ritter, was director of Laurel Gallery and a painter. He occasionally exhibited in the Laurel Gallery along with a number of other well known contemporary artists.
How to Use this Collection
- Microfilm reel 2423 available at Archives of American Art offices and through interlibrary loan.
- Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C., Research Center. Microfilmed materials must be consulted on microfilm. Contact Reference Services for more information.
- For more information on using the Archives' resources, see the FAQ or Ask Us.


text: oh 12. I'm pretty crap at blogging these days. But you already knew that. Here is my review of 2012 through various camera lenses of mine. Other stuff happened but this will do. The year began with a little business class trip to Brisbane to visit Bowen I spoke on a week long camp as the senior high speaker. many trips to westie many babycinos I took Oscar to the Powerhouse Museum, when we left he said "I don't like the Powerhouse Museum" many many trips to the zoo lots of hide and seek looking hot flying to NZ for the day with Tom Christchurch sunset Sydney sunset building a trampoline in the dark the night before weeks of rain. taking my Dad to Perth, he had the window seat Under Fremantle jail the BEST burger I have ever eaten. Missy Moos in South Freo WA sunset WA sunset 2 Meeting Fozzy at a FairTrade gig. Oscar's first burger Flying to the NZ again…this time with Noob Oh just me and Bret McKenzie after our 2 hour lunch Me, Bret and a signed FOTC guitar many many stalls at markets the noobs made me a nephew, I made the nephew a bib Bret gave me and Jenny tickets to the FOTC Opera House gig Once the rain cleared, much jumping Backyard cricket in the front yard My desk at the Black Stump festival Part of my job at Black Stump was managing the food vendors On one of our several visits to Armidale we took a day out to visit Green Valley Farm. Osc enjoying his room on a quick holiday in Canberra Questacon Christmas photo Possum in my house the night before the boy had his party. The boy turned 4! facebook twitter email


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Director of Policy and Public Affairs at ARI.
Articles by Francis Dietz
ARI Certification Has Multiple Benefits
ARI's certification programs, the building owner in Boise who purchases ARI Performance Certified™ products can rest assured that the equipment is as efficient as the manufacturer claims it is. He knows he's getting what he paid for.
View article.


text:
Athlete Profile
Athlete: Valerie Bird
How I Eat
I eat whatever is convenient
How I Train
I workout mostly at a CrossFit Affiliate
My Athletic Background
I played college sports
My Experience With CrossFit
I began CrossFit with a coach (e.g. at an affiliate)
My Work/Rest Schedule
I usually only do 1 workout a day
How long have you been doing CrossFit?
1-2 years
I have been doing CF for just over a year, but I took 10+ weeks off over the past 12 months.


text:
This book examines behavioral adaptations of tropical birds in timing of breeding, life history traits, mating systems and parental care, territoriality, communication, and biotic interactions, and emphasizes the many gaps in our knowledge of tropical birds. We urge students and researchers in temperate and tropical regions alike to realize the potential they have for improving our knowledge of avian adaptations far beyond what is currently accepted as gospel. Time is running out.
Professional ornithologists, conservation biologists, researchers in tropical bird ecology, and students in tropical bird ecology. May also be of interest to amateur bird enthusiasts and visitors to tropics.


text:
In the nearly two years that I have worked in the field of Jewish day school finance, no topic has generated more emotion or been the subject of more debate than the issue of Jewish day school affordability.
Rabbi Aryeh Klapper's 2012 article on the moral costs of a Jewish day school placed the spotlight on communal tuition policies and the moral dilemma that the Jewish community faces from a tuition system that has transformed nearly half of participants from community contributors to charity recipients.
Gary Rosenblatt penned a thoughtful and sensitive profile of one New York family and its struggle to balance Jewish educational priorities with financial realities and lifestyle aspirations ("The Day School Dilemma," May 3).
Both of these articles highlight the tuition plight of middle and upper middle-income families.
In the world of Jewish day school finance, "middle income" is typically defined as families with pre-tax incomes of $150,000-$300,000 and more. Within the United States, these families constitute the top 10 percent of all earners. Within the Jewish day school universe, top 10 percent is a dubious distinction. Most of these families are full tuition payers barely able to keep their heads above water. Often ineligible for or unwilling to apply for traditional tuition assistance, they wind up paying a very large percentage (often 30 percent or more) of their income in tuition order to send their children to a Jewish day school.
To address this tuition inequity as well as to improve retention of larger, middle-income families, The Avi Chai Foundation is embarking on a middle-income affordability pilot program. Based on a model recently adopted by the Solomon Schechter School of Greater Boston (ssdsboston.org), pilot schools would agree to cap tuition as a percent of pre-tax income for middle and upper income families. This would enable larger, middle-income families to anticipate their maximum future tuition obligations and confidently enroll their children in a Jewish day school year after year, regardless of the number of children. While both the income range and the percentage cap would vary slightly among schools, qualifying families would be expected to pay the lesser of full tuition or 15 percent of pre-tax income.
Let's use the husband and wife profiled in Rosenblatt's article as an example. They earn $200,000 and may eventually enroll all three of their children in a day school. With one child enrolled currently, they would be expected to pay the full $20,000 in tuition, since $20,000 is still less than 15 percent of their pre-tax income. However, when their second and third child enrolls in day school, their total tuition will be capped at $30,000 or 15 percent of their income.
While such a program may result in modestly lower tuition for a day school in the short term, Avi Chai hopes that such programs can, over a longer period of time, significantly improve retention of larger families and possibly spur enrollment of new families. If the latter turns out to be true, schools with empty seats could eventually see an increase in their net revenues.
Avi Chai is not the only foundation focused on the issue of middle-income affordability. Through the Jim Joseph Foundation's (JJF) Los Angeles High School Affordability Initiative, more than 200 high school students of middle-income families have received meaningful tuition discounts. The schools participating in this program have committed to raise the necessary funds -- during the JJF grant period -- to continue the program for at least an additional six years. (The funding did not begin until the Los Angeles federation raised more than $4 million.) Other community-based middle-income affordability initiatives are occurring in places such as Montreal and MetroWest, N.J. Each of these communities has channeled hundreds of thousands of dollars to middle-income families and has done so through a process that does not require families to reveal so much about their personal finances.
Individual day schools are taking the bull by the horns as well. The Boston-based Maimonides School has announced a tuition cap program for the upcoming school year for certain grades. SAR High School in Riverdale just launched a program under which eligible high school students will receive a $2,000 tuition credit. As noted in a May 10 Letter to the Editor in The Jewish Week, Manhattan's Beit Rabban is currently working out the details for a new middle income affordability initiative and is considering joining the Avi Chai pilot.
None of these programs, in and of themselves, will fully solve the issue of middle-income affordability. Jewish day schools will never be free and will almost always require families to make certain financial trade-offs. But the Jewish community must work hard to ensure that families whose earnings place them in the top 10 percent of the country don't go broke in their own communities. I believe that this work is well underway.
Daniel Perla is program officer, day school finance, for the Avi Chai Foundation.
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The only way that we can continue to pay for day school and make it available to every Jewish child is for the community at large to change their funding priorities. Organizations across the spectrum must fund schools directly. Each Jewish federation acrosss North America needs to commit that 70-80% of all their money will go directly to Jewish schools. Organizations such as the OU must commit 80% of every dollar from kashrut to funding schools directly. Otherwise we will loose an entire generation of Jewsih children. Seeking the government is wrong on many aspects, this is our problem, not the government's problem. Tuition vouchers have been talked about for 40 years and are still not widespread and are very bad public policy. There are so many things that are funded by various Jewish federations that while may have some value, but nevertheless, must be assessed in view of the priority to providing affordable, but not necessarily freee, Jewish day school education to every Jewish child in the country. Unless this discussion will take place and act now all other ideas will go nowhere.
There have long been been a multi-tier division of Jewish family and specifically their youth in the U.S. There are four main tiers. Tier 1 consists of children of high-earners or dual-income earners, with total income in excess of $200,000 (perhaps more required depending on location), enabling the family to make not merely tuition payments but significant supplemental contributies and charitable institutions. The parents in Tier 1 are easily identified in their synagogue communities as higher-status physicians, dentists, attorneys, accountants, journeyman financiers, business owners, dual-income moderate-income professionals, and heirs to substantial inherited wealth.
Tier 2 consists of youth who attend public schools because their parents cannot easily afford day schools or yeshiva and do not wish to accept charity and the lower social status it confers. Tier 2 parents are moderate-income professionals such as college professors, scientists, journalists, government-employed attorneys or accountants, mid-level corporate managers and businesspersons, and other professionals who enjoy relatively high social status in the community-at-large but not necessarily within the Jewish community.
Tier 3 consists of youth and their families who receive substantial tuition assistance to attend day schools or yeshiva. They accept their position as lower-status in return for that assistance unless they occupy positions of community leadership such as rabbis, teachers, or otherwise distinguished Jewish leaders.
Tier 4 consists if moderate-income youth and their families who simply have no ability to pay day school tuition and will not participate in the committed Jewish community in a very strong way; they may retain their self-image as Jews.
It goes without saying that there is a Tier 0 consisting of wealthy high-net-worth individuals, those possessing $10M in assets and up. But there is also a Tier 5 consisting of families with special needs children who cannot be educated in yeshiva or day school for under $50,000 annually per child.
The issue is that these children must also be sent to college and maybe professional school.
In effect Tiers 1 & 3 make up the bulk of the clientele of today's yeshivas and day schools.
The cost of bringing Tiers 2, 4, and 5 into the day school community would be staggering; probably $1B annually is only a start. A better estimate is $5B, were full participation to be achieved. An endowment to fund it would be $100B.
Elements of our community, recognizing this, have correctly concluded that only government has the ability to come up with this level of funding, and already does so for public school education. The problem is that funding of private schools by vouchers flies in the face of the values that are central to the heritage of this country -- in which generations if children have met those of other backgrounds in school and worshiped with their own communities on the weekends,
Moreover, the specter of "Balkanized" schools is troubling. Imagine, if you will, a large voucher-funded madrassa in every neighborhood. One has only to note the burgeoning number of mosques that have sprung up like mushrooms almost overnight. And, although Catholic schools no longer teach that "the Jews killed Jesus," vicious hate-ridden bigotry and invective cannot flourish quite as effectively in a pluralistic setting, that is, in public schools.
Charter schools have given a few communities Hebrew-language options. But while meeting the letter of the law they engender strong opposition for exactly the reasons they should in the U.S. where public school education has served as the backbone of our pluralistic society. It is foreseeable that Hebrew language charter schools will encounter barriers to further proliferation or will alternatively be held to strict standards to ensure they do not merely serve the purpose of stand-ins for voucher-funding of day schools or yeshivas.
The only practical solutions are emigration to Israel and encouraging Jewish youth who are able to do so to pursue, from an early age, high-paying career paths or to form dual-income families. Neither is a short-term solution. This is the source of the assimilation problem, and it is a thorny one. The rabbis teach that only 20% of the Jews living in Egypt elected to participate in the Exodus, and the proportion comprising Tiers 1 & 3 is probably not far off from that figure.
Our community Federation in Calgary, Canada runs a similar program for lower and lower middle income families (up to $100k in income). The Federation runs the subsidy/scholarship program for both schools (one Orthodox, the other community Hebrew school). There is a rate schedule that determines how much each family should pay towards day school tuition (for all the kids combined) based on income and the community day schools receive funding from the Federation to make up the difference
This program is excellent because it moves the challenge of subsidy allocation to a neutral-but-invested third-party and gives the overall community a real sense of the parents' and schools' funding needs.
Calgary has the advantage of being in the most (religious) private school-friendly jurisdiction in North America with a long-standing voucher system (the schools receive $5000+ per student in government education funding) and tuition is only ~$8000/year and largely tax-deductible. Despite government support and low tuition, Federation still has great difficulty funding this program.
Two words to solve the day school tuition crisis, not to mention the entire US quality of education crisis - SCHOOL. CHOICE.
Unfortunately, the non-observant Jewish community is vitrually the only voting bloc out there still opposed to it. Besides the teacher's union and their political cronies, of course. And there's quite a bit of overlap between the two groups.
I have talked to Catholic schools and a Christian school in California. They charge a lot less than we do. The high school in California charges 7,300 per year has 160 students. Perhaps we may want to stop talking to ourselves and start talking to others who do the same thing but have a different theology.
none of these solutions will work. what other product has doubled or service in price since the year 2001? not many...
vouchers and increased government assistance and increased student financial aid will just do to jewish day schools what the same thing did to college education between 1980 and 2010. look at the NY Times recent article on the return of public universities and the decilne of private colleges.
only a true public jewish educational system can alleviate this problem. the only places I know of that offer this are Israel and the UK. The UK jewish community is largely in a state of decline (as is the rest of the UK - the USA is not far behind). This leaves Israel.
It is NOT embarassing or wrong to make Aliya as a "tuition refugee". You would still be in a better place than the real refugees who made Aliyah to Israel over the last 50 years under even worse circumstances.
make aliya. Tuition in Israel costs next to nothing. This makes up for your reduced income. Unless you telecommute, in which case your income stays the same and your expenses go down...
A Hebrew charter school could be a possible answer.
results are being achieved.
Addressing the comment from 17:09 - Indeed, there have been a number of projects. Tuition grant programs eat money at a staggering pace. $10,000 per family for 100 families is $1 million dollars. Jim Joseph, and CJP's "Discover Day School" (among others) have ploughed millions into tuition support in the past 5 years. This money hasn't changed the world -- we still have the same challenges for Jewish continuity. But... these grants *have* changed the world for the families and children involved.
We need a few $100 million dollar checks.... (and all the other stuff too: meaningful cost controls, thoughtful schemes for tuition, great school leadership etc., etc, )
Great article! We should also spread the word that NJ Votes, a sub organization of the OU, is working hard to lower tuition through the political route (by getting more government funding). It is imperative that we all go out and vote, especially on this upcoming June 4 Primary Election, in order to show politicians that we the Jewish body are an important voting force. Once we do that - to the point of them relying on us in order to get elected (or re-elected) then we can solicit funding more easily. (And by funding I mean hundreds of thousands of dollars.)
Josh Pruzansky of the OU is spearheading this movement. Sammy Saka, the president of Hillel Yeshiva, in Ocean, NJ is also working relentlessly to convince community leaders from across state to get involved.
The article states: "In the world of Jewish day school finance, "middle income" is typically defined as families with pre-tax incomes of $150,000-$300,000 and more."
$150-$300K is NOT middle income in most of America, which is why many Jewish parents simply do not even consider Jewish education, subsidized or not. In the general economy, they are considered doing pretty well, but in the "world of Jewish Education" they are considered poor - and made to feel embarrassed at having to apply for assistance. For that reason alone, many simply don't bother.
That said, it is nice that Avi Chai and others are trying to do something about this. However, there is a long way yet to go.
We are one of those "middle income" families who struggle to pay tuition for our children, and it's hard. But my husband and I have also been involved in school leadership and finance for many years, and we know from first-hand experience that there is not an easy answer to this dilemma. It's important to remember when thinking about options like tuition caps that what you are capping is income, not costs -- and the money to run the school has to come from somewhere. Running a quality dual curriculum school costs money, and most day schools in this country are small and only have so many students over whom they can spread fixed costs like teachers, rent, insurance and maintenance. Families shelling out $10,000, $20,000, $30,000 per child per year in private school tuition have the right to expect a quality education in return for their money, so there is only so much you can cut on the cost side (though technology is beginning to offer some interesting possibilities on this front). So how do you make up the money you are losing by capping tuition for middle income families? Do you charge upper income families $45,000 a year when the cost to educate a child is only $18,000, effectively forcing some of your community to subsidize the remainder? Do you rely even more heavily on fundraising, when you know that your fundraising staff and volunteers already struggle to meet their current yearly targets? And thinking as a parent rather than a policymaker, if it costs (let's say) $18,000 a year to educate my child and I CAN pay it, albeit by making sacrifices in my standard of living to do so, is it okay for me to ask someone else to pay part of it instead? Because the money has to come from somewhere, and if it doesn't come from me, it will have to come from someone else in my community.
Before talking about a solution, it's worth noting how the Avi Chai Foundation has shifted it's own goal posts. In 2001, the foundation commissioned a study called "Talking Dollars and Sense about Jewish Education" by Jack Wertheimer. A main goal of that study was to figure out how to seriously increase day school enrollment. To quote one of the summary statements of that study, "Based on an estimate that it costs $10,000 to deliver a day school education to each student, the system expends $2 billion a year to educate its 200,000 pupils. Thus the goal of increasing day school enrollment by 100,000 students would translate into an additional $1 billion expense annually." In the 12 years since that study, the assumed cost of day school has doubled to $20,000 and the Avi Chai Foundation is now focused on keeping families enrolled in day school with a vague hope that perhaps such a tuition policy change might lead to an unspecified increase in day school enrollment. The goal of a sizable increase in day school enrollment was unrealistic then and it's barely mentioned now.
Instead of talking about how much individual families should pay, why not go back to the "Dollars and Sense" structure and talk about the total cost of day school education. It seems like it's now over $4 billion a year. Where should that money come from? I assume the Avi Chai foundation is financially seeding the current initiative, but they are spending down their endowment. If others step forward, what does that mean for other types of Jewish charity? Already, what does it mean for Jewish charity if "middle class" families earning $150K-300K per year become charity recipients in the Jewish community (as is required to subsidize their tuition).
Informative and timely article but how do you anticipate offsetting these tuition caps? These schools need to attract quality teachers and salaries will only continue to increase- as they should as will general operating expenses. How do you balance this without putting schools in the red or hoping for increased donations?
A good way to start might be to ask schools to roll back certain expenses. A state-of-the-art computer lab may make the school look good in the eyes of some and may attract certain students, but is that expense really necessary if it will bump up tuition for everyone?
I assume that for a family to qualify for the tuition cap, they would have to disclose financial/tax information. Will middle income families be any more willing to do that than they are under the current financial aid system?
Been hearing about Avi Chai, OU and YU projects for a number of years already. While the public can't and doesn't expect results over night, isn't it time it saw some initiatives put in place already?


text:
- Game Details
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Perry Farrell Working On Jane's Addiction Musical
Perry Farrell is working on a Jane's Addiction musical to give fans a new way of hearing the band's songs.
The frontman, who is the mastermind behind Lollapalooza music festival, has revealed his ambitious project won't be a normal theatre-going experience and won't even be held in a traditional venue.
Farrell has refused to confirm any of the details, but insists fans will be impressed by the results.
He tells Prefix Magazine, "My next project is that I'm working on a play, it's a musical. But it's going to be immersive theatre. It's not going to be in a theatre, I'm going to create an environment and the music will be within that environment, and Jane's Addiction will be within that environment... Musicals make more sense because they're telling stories and they have costumes and something to look at...
"I do notice that the way people go out these days and are entertained is changing, and what you have to do is be aware of it, and you have to give them a different environment. That's what I'm doing. I'm working on, right now, a project where I'm going to create a brand new environment, but it's not going to be a club, and it's not going to be a festival."


text:
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The Agency for Socioeconomic Analyses is a research and consultancy company, established in 1992. ASA expertise covers a broad range of developmental issues, related to community development, rural development, migration, good governance, health, ethnic minority and social security.
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We operate both as a consultancy company carrying out evaluations, rapid assessments and in-depth qualitative research and as a survey agency, providing data collection, data processing data analyses in nation-wide sample surveys. On ad-hoc basis we are coordinating 28 data collection teams, located in all 28 districts in Bulgaria, enabling us to perform surveys on large samples.
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A review of The Shape of Participation
If you share my concern about the theological thinness of much of the current craze of construing Christianity as a practice, get Roger Owens's book. Even more, if you care about the theological identity of the church, you will find The Shape of Participation to be this decade's finest work of ecclesiology.
Beginning with the preaching of early American Methodist John Barritt and a recent Sunday at Mount Level Missionary Baptist Church in Durham, North Carolina, Owens notes that the church is indeed a community that is defined and sustained by practices. His modest and mundane beginning is a setup for some heavy theological rumination.
This article is available to subscribers only. Please subscribe for full access—subscriptions begin at $2.95. Already have an online account? Log in now. Already a print subscriber? Create an online account for no additional cost.


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The Song Press is a song typeset program. Its input consists of a song in the popular ChordPro format; The Song Press displays it on the screen and allows the user to copy and paste the song into any Windows application, in the Windows Metafile format.
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Crystal field theory
Crystal Field Theory (CFT) is a model that describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals, due to a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution (anion neighbors). This theory has been used to describe various spectroscopies of transition metal coordination complexes, in particular optical spectra (colors). CFT successfully accounts for some magnetic properties, colours, hydration enthalpies, and spinel structures of transition metal complexes, but it does not attempt to describe bonding. CFT was developed by physicists Hans Bethe and John Hasbrouck van Vleck[1] in the 1930s. CFT was subsequently combined with molecular orbital theory to form the more realistic and complex ligand field theory (LFT), which delivers insight into the process of chemical bonding in transition metal complexes.
- 1 Overview of crystal field theory analysis
- 2 Crystal field stabilization energy
- 3 Explaining the colors of transition metal complexes
- 4 Geometries and crystal field splitting diagrams
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 Further reading
- 8 External links
Overview of crystal field theory analysis[edit]
According to Crystal Field Theory, the interaction between a transition metal and ligands arises from the attraction between the positively charged metal cation and negative charge on the non-bonding electrons of the ligand. The theory is developed by considering energy changes of the five degenerate d-orbitals upon being surrounded by an array of point charges consisting of the ligands. As a ligand approaches the metal ion, the electrons from the ligand will be closer to some of the d-orbitals and farther away from others causing a loss of degeneracy. The electrons in the d-orbitals and those in the ligand repel each other due to repulsion between like charges. Thus the d-electrons closer to the ligands will have a higher energy than those further away which results in the d-orbitals splitting in energy. This splitting is affected by the following factors:
- the nature of the metal ion.
- the metal's oxidation state. A higher oxidation state leads to a larger splitting.
- the arrangement of the ligands around the metal ion.
- the nature of the ligands surrounding the metal ion. The stronger the effect of the ligands then the greater the difference between the high and low energy d groups.
The most common type of complex is octahedral; here six ligands form an octahedron around the metal ion. In octahedral symmetry the d-orbitals split into two sets with an energy difference, Δoct (the crystal-field splitting parameter) where the dxy, dxz and dyz orbitals will be lower in energy than the dz2 and dx2-y2, which will have higher energy, because the former group is farther from the ligands than the latter and therefore experience less repulsion. The three lower-energy orbitals are collectively referred to as t2g, and the two higher-energy orbitals as eg. (These labels are based on the theory of molecular symmetry). Typical orbital energy diagrams are given below in the section High-spin and low-spin.
Tetrahedral complexes are the second most common type; here four ligands form a tetrahedron around the metal ion. In a tetrahedral crystal field splitting the d-orbitals again split into two groups, with an energy difference of Δtet where the lower energy orbitals will be dz2 and dx2-y2, and the higher energy orbitals will be dxy, dxz and dyz - opposite to the octahedral case. Furthermore, since the ligand electrons in tetrahedral symmetry are not oriented directly towards the d-orbitals, the energy splitting will be lower than in the octahedral case. Square planar and other complex geometries can also be described by CFT.
The size of the gap Δ between the two or more sets of orbitals depends on several factors, including the ligands and geometry of the complex. Some ligands always produce a small value of Δ, while others always give a large splitting. The reasons behind this can be explained by ligand field theory. The spectrochemical series is an empirically-derived list of ligands ordered by the size of the splitting Δ that they produce (small Δ to large Δ; see also this table):
I− < Br− < S2− < SCN− < Cl− < NO3− < N3− < F− < OH− < C2O42− < H2O < NCS− < CH3CN < py < NH3 < en < 2,2'-bipyridine < phen < NO2− < PPh3 < CN− < CO
It is useful to note that the ligands producing the most splitting are those that can engage in metal to ligand back-bonding.
The oxidation state of the metal also contributes to the size of Δ between the high and low energy levels. As the oxidation state increases for a given metal, the magnitude of Δ increases. A V3+ complex will have a larger Δ than a V2+ complex for a given set of ligands, as the difference in charge density allows the ligands to be closer to a V3+ ion than to a V2+ ion. The smaller distance between the ligand and the metal ion results in a larger Δ, because the ligand and metal electrons are closer together and therefore repel more.
High-spin and low-spin[edit]
Ligands which cause a large splitting Δ of the d-orbitals are referred to as strong-field ligands, such as CN− and CO from the spectrochemical series. In complexes with these ligands, it is unfavourable to put electrons into the high energy orbitals. Therefore, the lower energy orbitals are completely filled before population of the upper sets starts according to the Aufbau principle. Complexes such as this are called "low spin". For example, NO2− is a strong-field ligand and produces a large Δ. The octahedral ion [Fe(NO2)6]3−, which has 5 d-electrons, would have the octahedral splitting diagram shown at right with all five electrons in the t2g level. The low spin state therefore does not follow Hund's rule.
Conversely, ligands (like I− and Br−) which cause a small splitting Δ of the d-orbitals are referred to as weak-field ligands. In this case, it is easier to put electrons into the higher energy set of orbitals than it is to put two into the same low-energy orbital, because two electrons in the same orbital repel each other. So, one electron is put into each of the five d-orbitals before any pairing occurs in accord with Hund's rule and "high spin" complexes are formed. For example, Br− is a weak-field ligand and produces a small Δoct. So, the ion [FeBr6]3−, again with five d-electrons, would have an octahedral splitting diagram where all five orbitals are singly occupied.
In order for low spin splitting to occur, the energy cost of placing an electron into an already singly occupied orbital must be less than the cost of placing the additional electron into an eg orbital at an energy cost of Δ. As noted above, eg refers to the dz2 and dx2-y2 which are higher in energy than the t2g in octahedral complexes. If the energy required to pair two electrons is greater than the energy cost of placing an electron in an eg, Δ, high spin splitting occurs.
The crystal field splitting energy for tetrahedral metal complexes (four ligands) is referred to as Δtet, and is roughly equal to 4/9Δoct (for the same metal and same ligands). Therefore, the energy required to pair two electrons is typically higher than the energy required for placing electrons in the higher energy orbitals. Thus, tetrahedral complexes are usually high-spin.
The use of these splitting diagrams can aid in the prediction of the magnetic properties of coordination compounds. A compound that has unpaired electrons in its splitting diagram will be paramagnetic and will be attracted by magnetic fields, while a compound that lacks unpaired electrons in its splitting diagram will be diamagnetic and will be weakly repelled by a magnetic field.
Crystal field stabilization energy[edit]
The crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) is the stability that results from placing a transition metal ion in the crystal field generated by a set of ligands. It arises due to the fact that when the d-orbitals are split in a ligand field (as described above), some of them become lower in energy than before with respect to a spherical field known as the barycenter in which all five d-orbitals are degenerate. For example, in an octahedral case, the t2g set becomes lower in energy than the orbitals in the barycenter. As a result of this, if there are any electrons occupying these orbitals, the metal ion is more stable in the ligand field relative to the barycenter by an amount known as the CFSE. Conversely, the eg orbitals (in the octahedral case) are higher in energy than in the barycenter, so putting electrons in these reduces the amount of CFSE.
If the splitting of the d-orbitals in an octahedral field is Δoct, the three t2g orbitals are stabilized relative to the barycenter by 2/5 Δoct, and the eg orbitals are destabilized by 3/5 Δoct. As examples, consider the two d5 configurations shown further up the page. The low-spin (top) example has five electrons in the t2g orbitals, so the total CFSE is 5 x 2/5 Δoct = 2Δoct. In the high-spin (lower) example, the CFSE is (3 x 2/5 Δoct) - (2 x 3/5 Δoct) = 0 - in this case, the stabilization generated by the electrons in the lower orbitals is canceled out by the destabilizing effect of the electrons in the upper orbitals.
Crystal Field stabilization is applicable to transition-metal complexes of all geometries. Indeed, the reason that many d8 complexes are square-planar is the very large amount of crystal field stabilization that this geometry produces with this number of electrons.
Explaining the colors of transition metal complexes[edit]
The bright colors exhibited by many coordination compounds can be explained by Crystal Field Theory. If the d-orbitals of such a complex have been split into two sets as described above, when the molecule absorbs a photon of visible light one or more electrons may momentarily jump from the lower energy d-orbitals to the higher energy ones to transiently create an excited state atom. The difference in energy between the atom in the ground state and in the excited state is equal to the energy of the absorbed photon, and related inversely to the wavelength of the light. Because only certain wavelengths (λ) of light are absorbed - those matching exactly the energy difference - the compounds appears the appropriate complementary color.
As explained above, because different ligands generate crystal fields of different strengths, different colors can be seen. For a given metal ion, weaker field ligands create a complex with a smaller Δ, which will absorb light of longer λ and thus lower frequency ν. Conversely, stronger field ligands create a larger Δ, absorb light of shorter λ, and thus higher ν. It is, though, rarely the case that the energy of the photon absorbed corresponds exactly to the size of the gap Δ; there are other things (such as electron-electron repulsion and Jahn-Teller effects) that also affect the energy difference between the ground and excited states.
Which colors are exhibited?[edit]
This color wheel demonstrates which color a compound will appear if it only has one absorption in the visible spectrum. For example, if the compound absorbs red light, it will appear cyan.
|λ absorbed (nm)
|Absorbed color
|Observed color
|Corresponding λ (nm)
|Chartreuse yellow
|Chartreuse green
Geometries and crystal field splitting diagrams[edit]
|Energy diagram
|Pentagonal bipyramidal
|Square antiprismatic
|Square planar
|Square pyramidal
|Trigonal bipyramidal
See also[edit]
- Schottky anomaly — low temperature spike in heat capacity seen in materials containing high-spin magnetic impurities, often due to crystal field splitting
- Ligand field theory
- Molecular orbital theory
- ^ Van Vleck, J. (1932). "Theory of the Variations in Paramagnetic Anisotropy Among Different Salts of the Iron Group". Physical Review. 41: 208. Bibcode:1932PhRv...41..208V. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.41.208.
Further reading[edit]
- Zumdahl, Steven S (2005). Chemical Principles (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 550–551, 957–964. ISBN 0-669-39321-5.
- Silberberg, Martin S (2006). Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Company. pp. 1028–1034. ISBN 0-8151-8505-7.
- Shriver, D. F.; Atkins, P. W. (2001). Inorganic Chemistry (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 227–236. ISBN 0-8412-3849-9.
- Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0130399137.
- Miessler, G. L.; Tarr, D. A. (2003). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-035471-6.
External links[edit]
- Crystal-field Theory, Tight-binding Method, and Jahn-Teller Effect in E. Pavarini, E. Koch, F. Anders, and M. Jarrell (eds.): Correlated Electrons: From Models to Materials, Jülich 2012, ISBN 978-3-89336-796-2
- Crystal field theory (draft article) on Citizendium.org


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What is the South Rochford Road EA?
The South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) is partnering with Pennington County (the County) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to prepare an Environmental Assessment (EA) on a proposal for roadway improvements on South Rochford Road in Pennington County, South Dakota. The proposed project would involve roadway improvements to South Rochford Road approximately 10 miles beginning at Rochford and terminating at the intersection of Deerfield Road.UPDATE!
The FONSI is available and is located on the Resources page.
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Ms. Alice Whitebird
700 East Broadway
Pierre, SD 57501
Federal Highway Administration
Ms. Marion Barber
116 East Dakota Avenue, Suite A
Pierre, SD 57501


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Genetic diversity of metallo-b-lactamases produced by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract number: R2285
Rizk N., Zaki S.
Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of metallo-b-lactamases (MBLs) among clinical isolates of carbapenem resistant (CR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and to characterize their molecular types.
Methods: A total of 134 non-repetitive clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected and tested for carbapenem resistance by disk diffusion method with imipenem and meropenem. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the microdilution technique according to CLSI guidelines. CR isolates were screened for the presence of MBLs by imipenem EDTA double disk synergy test. Isolates with screen positive results were confirmed by EDTA inhibition of imipenem hydrolysis with their crude cell extracts, and by PCR using primers for detection of bla IMP-1, bla IMP-2, bla VIM-1, bla VIM-2, bla SPM-1, and intI1 genes.
Results: Of the total 134 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates included in this study, 75(56%) isolates were CR, among them, MBL phenotype was detected in 30(40%) isolates by the double disk synergy test. EDTA sensitive hydrolysis of imipenem by crude cell extracts confirmed 14 (46.7%) isolates as MBL producers. PCR detected MBL genes among 15 (50%) isolates; 11(733%) isolates were positive for bla VIM-2, and 4(26.7%) isolates were positive for bla IMP-1. The integrase gene (intI1) was detected in all of the 15 genotypically MBL producing isolates. No isolate harbouring bla VIM-1, bla IMP-2, or bla SPM-1 was detected.
Conclusion: Continued screening for MBLs production among CR P. aeruginosa isolates will be essential to control dissemination by this important resistant mechanism, ensure optimal patient care, and the timely introduction of appropriate infection control procedures. PCR is an important step, since EDTA based screening tests can give false positive results.
Session Details
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|18th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|Barcelona, Spain
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Admitting Ignorance (Except When You Shouldn't)
By Joseph Cooper, Bonnie Berman & Paul Leary • Sep 12, 2013
09/12/13 - Thursday's Topical Currents begins with the notion that it's OK to say "I Don't Know." Is it human nature to pretend we do even when we don't? Parents seldom want kids to know they don't have an answer: "Daddy, why is the sky blue?" Perhaps politicians would be better off to admit they don't know either. Join Leah Hager Cohen, author of "I Don't Know: In Praise of Admitting Ignorance (Except When You Shouldn't)." And more: Linda Gassenheimer and Bulldog Barbecue's Howie Kleinberg. He has football tailgating tips on the next Topical Currents, Thursday at 1pm on WLRN.


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Emeritus faculty are eligible for assignment of faculty carrels for Canaday, Carpenter, and Collier Libraries.
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When on campus, Emeritus faculty should park in Faculty/Staff lots and/or handicap designated spaces, as appropriate. A Bryn Mawr College parking permit is valid on the Haverford and Swarthmore campuses.
With an active OneCard, Emeritus faculty members may use the Schwartz Gymnasium.
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tv out cable
Does the O2 really need to use the tv-out cable from cowon?
or will any mini-usb to RCA cable work for tv out?
For what I understand you have to use their cable.
Thanks :)
damn, if only i didn't wait for the last minute to order this O2... :P
TV-out is over the USB port, not the 3.5mm jack. It's a badly implemented design and silly, but you have to use their cable.
I cant really fathom why that is "a badly implemented design and silly." It plays video through a cheap, easy, and affordable $10 cable from them. This is not a $60 Sony proprietary cable. No offense DFKT, Im thinking, for your sake, you should probably just sell your o2 and keep jammin with your d2 and clip. I know those keep you happy:)
Yeah DFKT, this irrational UI obsession is severely colouring your opinion of the O2, no offense meant......
I said that because almost every photo/video digicam, many other PMPs, and other devices have video-out over the headphone 3.5mm plug and don't need any special cable at all. A 4-pole 3.5mm plug is more or less the de-facto standard, and chances are many people already have that cable at home.
With Cowon it's especially cumbersome because not even their own players have one standard. The D2 for example uses a micro-USB cable, the O2 uses a mini-USB, the S9 uses 20-pin, etc. There's no consistency, they "invent" a new cable for each player, that's why it's badly implemented, in my opinion.
I could def agree that Cowon does need some more likeness between their players. But it is still a cheap $10 cable. If your spending $175-300 on an o2, probable $50-400 on headphones for it, a $10 cable is nothing in comparison. Just be thankful the cable isnt a $30 ipod cable or a $50+ Sony proprietary cable.
Affainyi, glad to see you back!!!
While I don't use or care about the video out since I don't own a TV, I certainly agree that standardizing cables is a good thing and failing to use standard cables for no known reason is not a good thing. Maybe they really did have some reason to do that but my guess is that it's just not something they pay attention to.
I wonder how the design process works. Do they hire a team and give them a loose set of goals and no strong guidelines? I would hope that's not how it's normally done but it often looks that way.
Look at the Archos line: new very expensive accessories for every model. I have a 504 with the DVR stand and I recently got a 705 and it takes a different DVR stand. They should have made it work with the old stand even if they did come out with new features in the new stand. It should be able to work with both.
Creative Labs made the ZVM and ZVW which were wildly successful and they threw away those designs and started over with the Zen. Why? Why not improve on their successful design? And what about the Muvos? Why not improve them as well? The world needs a higher capacity tiny player that uses an AAA battery. Go with what works? Not Creative!
Who does try to maintain compatibility? Apple and Sandisk, the number 1 and number 2 sellers. They're number 1 and number 2 because they're smart and this is just another example of smart.
Replace the hard drive in your computer and you simply pop out the old one and pop in the new one. Interfaces change to get faster (a good reason) but if you make sure it has the right interface it'll fit. The cable and the mounts will work. You don't even have to think about it.
Get a new monitor for your computer and just plug it in. It'll work just fine. No issues.
If it can be done with computers it can be one with MP3 players and PMPs. There's simply no good excuse not to.
It seems as if the accountants design new hardware, not the engineers.
How's the resolution with the tv-out cable on a 42" TV? I had the cable for my Creative ZVM and the resolution when on the TV was pretty bad.
Well, I wouldn't expect any better resolution than 480x272 - the native format of the LCD display on the device itself. On a 42", that may be okay for sitting a bit farther back from the TV.
If I want to watch something on my 27" LCD (16x9), I just move the file to my laptop and play it through the RGB jack on the TV, and use it as a second monitor to my laptop. My laptop has a built-in SD card reader, so it's even easier if my movie is on the 32GB SDHC.
But the O2 supports higher resolution than their screens put out. Way more than 480x272
But it doesn't put out any higher resolution over the composite analog TV-out cable. It would need a DVI or HDMI output to transfer anything that comes close to 720p HD... well, it doesn't even do standard DVD resolution, 480i.
Yes, the O2 can play multiple sized video formats to it's own screen.
But, take a look:
Yellow=Video, White=Right audio, Red=Left audio.
The TV-Out jack is just that an analog TV signal. I still would not think that it is any better than a typical analog signal - 525 lines (US). It is a Video out RCA jack, tell me how that can be HiDef?
From Wikipedia:
Is there any way to use the L&R outputs of the TV out cable as a line out (i.e. audio out only)?
If not, I hope Cowon can update their firmware so we can get this to work.
No, it only works in video mode - and there it's not a fixed line-out as well, the volume can still be changed.
I doubt that we'll see many more firmware updates for the O2, now that the V5, 3D, etc are out.
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