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By mutual and cordial agreement, the institutional collaboration between UCL and Birkbeck at the London Knowledge Lab is coming to an end. UCL have launched a new research centre, the UCL Knowledge Lab (please visit the Departments and Centres page of the UCL IOE website) and Birkbeck will shortly be doing the same (in the meantime, please visit the Department of Computer Science and Information Systems website at Birkbeck).
The London Knowledge lab was led since 2004 by Professors Richard Noss and Alex Poulovassilis as a collaborative initiative between computer scientists from Birkbeck and educators from the Institute of Education, funded by the Science Research Investment Fund. Our common legacy includes over a decade of interdisciplinary research funded by ESRC, EPSRC, AHRC, EU, JISC among others; a variety of knowledge exchange and public engagement activities; and a distinctive postgraduate training programme. We retain our common London Knowledge Lab presence on this website, in recognition of our shared legacy and over a decade of successful interdisciplinary research together.
Speaker name: Assistant professor, PhD, Rikke Toft Nørgård
Institution: Center
for Teaching Development and Digital Media, Aarhus University, Denmark
Short bio:
Rikke is an assistant professor at the Center for Teaching
Developments and Digital Media, Aarhus University, Denmark. Her field of
research lies within futuremaking through design thinking and new technologies
in education,' new educational potentials with new technologies and media, and
development of the concept of educational design thinking' (merging
educational philosophy, empathic design thinking and practices with new
Rikke holds a PhD in digital gameplay with a focus on the
gameplayer's interaction with and experience of gameplay design and technology.
Currently, Rikke is on a 3 month research stay with London
Knowledge Lab, Center for Global Higher Education and Center for Higher
Education Studies at Institute of Education, UCL
Title of talk:
Educational Design
Thinking: On radical online learning, connected curriculum and participatory
academic communities
Taking the blended MA in ICT-Based Educational Design and
the Coding Pirates Future Island workshop for children year 7-17 as
paradigmatic cases, this talk explores community-driven participation in education
beyond the institution and across ages and stages. The talk reflects on how designing
for radical' participation in education can move educatees' learning with
technologies beyond the security of the institution. Furthermore, the talk
discusses how taking a value-based, vision-driven and designerly approach to teaching
and learning through the use of ICT can promote the 4 C's of 21st
digital literacy competencies: technological communication, collaboration,
creativity and critical thinking.
Presenting and discussing the paradigmatic cases, this talk
reflects on how interactions and experience with mixed technologies, media and
materials beyond the institution might invite for engaging, empowering and
emancipatory education in ways that foster participatory academic communities
and citizenship through the use of educational design thinking.
Professional website
link and/or supportive material:
Honorary Degree: Professor Diana Laurillard
On 29 October 2015, Professor Diana Laurillard was awarded an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Education by Edinburgh Napier University, in recognition of her major contribution to education, with an emphasis on learning with technology. The laureation cited her published books, her work at the Open University and the Department for Education and Skills, her membership of Boards of Governors and Trustees, and of the Dearing committee, and Harvard Visiting Committee on IT, and her recent work on learning design tools for teachers.
Royal Statistical Society, 12 Errol Street, London
Researching creativity, collaboration and co-ordination requires methods that span disciplinary, quantitative and qualitative, and textual, visual and aural boundaries. Michael Schober (New School, New York), Carey Jewitt (UCL Institute of Education) and Matthew Purver (Queen Mary University of London) discuss and demonstrate developing methods for studying creativity creatively.
1.30 Registration and tea/coffee
2.00 Event starts - Chair and introduction by Patrick Sturgis
2.15 Michael Schober - paper 25 minutes, 10 minutes questions
2.50 Carey Jewitt - paper 25 minutes, 10 minutes questions
3.25 Tea/coffee
4.00 Matt Purver - paper 25 minutes, 10 minutes questions
4.35 Discussion between speakers and participants
5.00 Close
This event is free of charge but to attend please register from the link below.
The London Knowledge Lab was a unique collaboration between two of the UK's most prominent centres of research - the UCL Institute of Education and Birkbeck. The Lab brought together computer and social scientists from a very broad range of fields.
more >>
UCL Knowledge Lab
23-29 Emerald Street
London WC1N 3QS
United Kingdom
Birkbeck Knowledge Lab
Malet Street
London WC1E 7HX
United Kingdom


text:
Belize Vacation
& Businesses Directory arranged by City Town and District
. Belize Resorts, Hotels, Houses for rent, Condos for rent. Belize Businesses and Shopping. Travel Information, Activities, Tours, Real Estate, Scuba Diving, Snorkeling, Mayan Ruins, News and Weather, Community Services. Belize Weddings, Restaurants.
Search Listings
By Name
By Category
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Belize Information Facts, Stats.
Accommodations/ Lodging-Resorts Hotels-RV Parks Campgrounds and Weddings
Community Services
Events Calendar
Groceries, Wines, Liquor
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Wine and Cheese Deli mMeats
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Belize Photo Gallery by BelizeGateway Members
The Immigration and Nationality Department
The Immigration and Nationality Department
New Administration Building
(501) 822-3860
(501) 822-2662
Phone #2:
(501) 822-0284
The Immigration and Nationality Department
Send private email
Photo Gallery:
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If you are planning to travel to Belize and you are not a Commonwealth, Mexican, North American (U.S.A.), Costarican, Austrian or national of a member state of the European Community you require a visa. Any Belizean Consulate or Embassy can issue one at the cost of $25.00 U.S. currency. This visa is valid for thirty (30) days only. If there is not a Belizean Consulate in your Country you can obtain a visa through the nearest British Embassy or yoy can still travel to Belize and the Immigration Officer at the Philip Goldson International Airport may issue one for the same cost and duration.
While citizens from the European Community do not require visas for travel to Belize, citizens of Bangladesh, Bolivia, Columbia, China, Angola, Brazil, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Cuba, India, Libya, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa and nationals of the former USSR require previous approval for a visa from the Ministry of Human Resources, Department of Immigartion.
After being thirty (30) days in Belize and you still require more time to finish your business, you need to contact the nearest Immigration Office to get an extension, paying BZ $25.00 for every thity days extended period.
Any individual can apply for permanent residence after having one (1) year legal residence fee in Belize on a continuous basis. Permanent residence fee is $100.00 and a deposit is needed which can range from $100.00 to $1200.00 depending on the nationality of the applicant. This deposit may be refunded three (3) years after residency is granted. The application form is to be accompanied by two passport phtographs of each member of the family wishing to travel to Belize and the back of a photograph should be endorsed with his or her name and signed by a Justice of Peace. In addition you should attach to the petition your personal bank statements as well as current Medical and Police Records.
To acquire nationality status the applicant should have permanent residence and or be a legal resident for a minimum of five (5) years in accordance with the Belizean Nationality Act of 1981 (Section 10); there is also a provision for the registration of minor children along with the applicant (Section 12). All necessary evidence should accompany the application to avoid delays.
For additional information contact:
The Immigration and Nationality Department
Phone; (501) 8-22611. (501) 2-33505
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Central Information Resource for Belize Vacations, Resorts and Hotels, Guest Houses, Bed and Breakfast, Belize travel formation, Adventure ideas and Businesses of all types. Includes all the districts, Belize City and District, Cayo District, San Ignacio and Belmopan, Corozal District, Orange Walk District, Stann Creek District and Placencia Village. Toledo District and Punta Gorda Town. Also major Islands (called Caye's) such as Ambergris Caye and San Pedro Town, Caye Caulker, Caye Chapel, Turneffe Island Group, Long Caye and Glovers Reef.
We are committed to providing the highest quality directory of resources for the Traveler Consumer and Businesses of Belize. We do not take responsibility for what a listed member may have listed. . If you feel that a listing is inaccurate please contact us, as we strive to try to provide quality resources. BelizeGateway reserves the right to accept, deny, or alter any listing listing. Also to remove, downgrade or reject any listing that tries to circumvent our system.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Comprehensive Description
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage
Specimen Records:348
Specimens with Sequences:347
Specimens with Barcodes:305
Species With Barcodes:71
Public Records:233
Public Species:65
Public BINs:0
Barcode data
The Simaroubaceae are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 2007, greatly clarifying relationships within the family.[2] Together with chemical characteristics such as the occurrence of petroselinic acid in Picrasma[3] in contrast to other members of the family such as Ailanthus[4] this indicates the existence of a subgroup in the family with Picrasma, Holacantha, and Castela.
The best-known species is the temperate Chinese tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima, which has become a cosmopolitan urban weed tree.
Well-known genera in the family include the tropical Quassia and Simarouba.
Excluded genera[edit]
- ^ a b "Family: Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
- ^ Clayton, Joshua W.; Edwino S. Fernando; Pamela S. Soltis; Douglas E. Soltis (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the tree-of-heaven family (Simaroubaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear markers". International Journal of Plant Sciences 168 (9): 1325–1339. doi:10.1086/521796.
- ^ Tsujimoto, M. and Koyanagi, H. (1933) Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 8, 161
- ^ T. Stuhlfauth, H. Fock, H. Huber, K. Klug: The distribution of fatty acids including petroselinic and tariric acids in the fruit and seed oils of the Pittosporaceae, Araliaceae, Umbelliferae, Simarubaceae and Rutaceae. In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 13, 1985, S. 447–453, doi:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90091-2.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Simaroubaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
- ^ "GRIN genera sometimes placed in Simaroubaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.
To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!


text:
What is a cremation urn? The last gift
you will purchase for your loved one.
This is your tribute to them and the memorial cremation urn must be perfect.
This is why we specialize in Engraved Cremation Urns.
Your way to add a personal and unique touch to a cremation


text:
The Message Bible
The Message Bible by Eugene Peterson was translated from the ancient Hebrew and Greek texts into today's American idiom, unfolding like a gripping novel. Choose from The Message Bible and special formats, like the The Message Bible Large Print, or The Message Remix, along with individual books and collections of psalms. Learn more from our Bible Translation Guide >
The Message Bible - Lavender Embossed LeatherSoft
Eugene H. Peterson, Eugene PetersonRegular Price: $39.99 Special Price $31.99Add Your ReviewThe Message is a reading Bible translated out of the original Greek and Hebrew Scriptures by scholar, pastor, author, and poet Eugene Peterson. Peterson spent ten years working on the Message after teaching seminary and preaching in churches for more than thirty years. It c... Learn More
The Message Bible: Numbered Edition
Eugene H. Peterson, Eugene H. Peterson
The MessageRegular Price: $29.99 Special Price $23.99Add Your ReviewThis new numbered edition of The Message Bible, the most widely read paraphrase, is easier than ever to read and understand - and since it's 25% thinner and a full half pound lighter than previous versions, it's also easier to take anywhere! The Message translates the Bib... Learn More
The Message Promise Book
Eugene H. Peterson, The Navigators$4.99Add Your ReviewUpdated and revised with new topics and Scripture references, this pocket-sized reference arranges passages from The Message by topic. Offering the hope of God's Word on a wide range of issues, including stress, money, self-image, and relationships, The Message Promise Book... Learn More


text:
Follow @DaytimeRoyalty
Create your own social network with a free forum.
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|Viewing Single Post From: Thursday November 3rd Daily Discussion
|Nov 3 2011, 02:33 PM
ITA...WE are the customers....basic customer service rule....make the customers HAPPY....if the customers aren't happy they don't do what you want them to do, whether it's to shop at your store, go back to that doctor with the bitchy secretary or view your program, it's up to THEM to please us. If I don't like what I'm seeing, then I can choose to continue watching it out of habit and hoping it gets better, or just say, I'll pick and choose my Days of watching until I have nothing that interests me anymore and I stop watching all together. They should be happy that at least some of us are giving this show a chance again after being screwed over one time too many. The stories aren't compelling, they are frankly a bit boring and the ONLY thing that I appreciate is that I recognize the faces now....I couldn't say that about 6 months ago.
Edited by LuvingLumi, Nov 3 2011, 02:38 PM.
|Thursday November 3rd Daily Discussion · DAYS: News, Spoilers & Discussion


text:
Oysters are a great way to start any meal, but buttered on toast they are ideal winter comfort food.
- Yield
- Serves 4
- 5 tablespoons unsalted butter
- 4 (1/2-inch-thick) diagonal slices French bread
- 2 cups mesclun (mixed baby salad greens)
- 1 shallot, finely chopped
- 3 tablespoons Sherry vinegar
- 1 pint shucked medium-size oysters (about 2 dozen in the shell), rinsed and picked over
- Heat 1 tablespoon butter in a 12-inch skillet over moderately high heat until foam subsides, then lightly brown bread in butter on both sides. Put toasts on plates and top with mesclun.
- Add 1 tablespoon butter to skillet, then cook shallot, stirring, over moderate heat until softened and beginning to brown, 2 to 3 minutes. Add vinegar and cook, swirling skillet frequently, until vinegar is reduced to about 1 tablespoon. Add oysters and remaining 3 tablespoons butter and cook, swirling skillet frequently, until oysters are plumped and butter is incorporated into sauce, about 2 minutes. Remove from heat and season with salt and pepper. Spoon oysters and sauce over mesclun.
Nutritional Info
- Calories230
- Carbohydrates18 g(6%)
- Fat16 g(25%)
- Protein4 g(9%)
- Saturated Fat9 g(47%)
- Sodium183 mg(8%)
- Polyunsaturated Fat1 g
- Fiber2 g(6%)
- Monounsaturated Fat4 g
- Cholesterol44 mg(15%)


text:
Search the IEET
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A Cosmist Manifesto: Practical Philosophy for the Posthuman Age, by Ben Goertzel, published by Humanity+ Press, is now available on Amazon.
The term Cosmism was introduced by Tsiolokovsky and other Russian Cosmists around 1900. Goertzel's "Cosmist Manifesto" gives it new life and a new twist for the 21st century. Cosmism, as Goertzel presents it, is a practical philosophy for the posthuman era. Rooted in Western and Eastern philosophy as well as modern technology and science, it is a way of understanding ourselves and our universe that makes sense now, and will keep on making sense as advanced technology exerts its transformative impact as the future unfolds. Among the many topics considered are AI, nanotechnology, uploading, immortality, psychedelics, meditation, future social structures, psi phenomena, alien and cetacean intelligence and the Singularity. The Cosmist perspective is shown to make plain old common sense of even the wildest future possibilities.
IEET Fellow Dr. Ben Goertzel, a research scientist working on various futuristic technologies including artificial general intelligence and life extension, is also CEO of tech consulting firms Novamente LLC and Biomind LLC. He lives in Maryland with multiple children and animals, and his doings are linked online via http://goertzel.org.
The book has been available online since the summer of 2009 on Ben's Cosmist Manifesto blog. Many chapters have been republished online by the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, so the Cosmist Manifesto has been frequently discussed online already.
I am sure this book will be a life-changer for many readers. It is a transhumanist book, full of mind boggling future options and possibilities enabled by science and technology: extreme life extension aka immortality, artificial intelligences of human and super-human level, brain-computer interfacing, mind uploading, synthetic realities, spreading to the galaxies and beyond, perhaps to other dimensions of existence, resurrection, building gods… this is the real, visionary, wonderful, space-opera like transhumanism that was discussed on the Extropy list in the 90s. Unfortunately, real transhumanism is difficult to find in the sedate, politically correct dullness of many contemporary ex-transhumanist discussion spaces, but the fire is still burning under the ashes and Ben's book will put your mind on fire.
Though it is not meant as a scientific or technical book, but rather as an impressionist painting of the sense of wonder and meaning inspired by science and technology, the Cosmist Manifesto is a pleasure to read for technology enthusiasts, especially those interested in very imaginative technologies and future possibilities. But it is also a book about consciousness, spirituality, and a practical guide to living our lives in this unique phase of the evolution of our species, which is preparing to leave biology behind and spread to the universe. In the Cosmist Manifesto, Ben writes also about meditation, mental health, relationships, sexuality, zen, joy, wisdom, joy, and, why not, religion. Ben's book is a unique blend of science and spirituality, futurism and compassion, technology and art, practical life strategies and cosmic visions.
In his book, Ben outlines my own world-view: there is not one word that I disagree with, and there is not one important omission that I can criticize. I have often thought of writing a book, but Ben has written my book, and much better than I could have ever done. I am honored to have participated in some of the online discussions which have led to this book, and I am honored to be quoted in the Cosmist Manifesto.
Congratulations to Ben, and congratulations to Humanity+ for publishing this excellent book! I have already bought the book on Amazon. Of course I had already read the online and PDF versions cover to cover, but this book deserves its place in the physical bookshelves of all transhumanists.
In 2008 I resigned from the Board of Directors of Humanity+, called WTA at the time, in protest against what I considered as an excessively moderate stance and taking a distance from radical transhumanist visions. I am happy to see that the current Board, by publishing Ben's Cosmist Manifesto, is re-affirming the commitment of Humanity+ to real, radical and visionary transhumanism.
In both the published book and private communications, Ben is careful not to propose Cosmism as a new religion. He writes: "Cosmism is not a religion. But it has the potential to deliver some of the benefits of religion in a manner more consilient with science." I completely agree, but I am willing to go one little step further, and to propose Cosmism as a meta-religion: a loose framework of ideas, concepts, hopes, feelings and sensibilities at the intersection of science and religion, compatible with many existing and new frameworks, a magic place where where science and religion meet, science becomes religion, religion becomes science, and wanderers can find sense of wonder, sense of meaning, hope and happiness.
Nice book, but next time use a standard layout, please; I printed out the thing at 9 pt and it's 96 pages.
I have lost the habit of printing stuff on dead trees, I prefer to read electronic texts on screen. Tablet devices will, I hope, permit advancing toward the paperless society.
I have bought the printed version of this book on Amazon though, because it deserves a place on my (soon obsolete) bookshelf. Perhaps it has been the last printed book that I have bought.
Wonder & hope, yes. But as for meaning and happiness? no way of knowing what beings will be like, or what meaning will mean—if anything.
@postfuturist - future beings will find their own sources of meaning and happiness, but presently the important thing is what works for us, here and now. For me, wonder and hope create happiness, and wonder and happiness create meaning.
We haven't stopped discovering new and often totally unexpected things. Hope is with us as long as discovery is with us. Discovery is inherently meaningful, and a source of true wonder and happiness, the highest possible joy, in fact:
"I do not think there is any thrill that can go through the human heart like that felt by the inventor as he sees some creation of the brain unfolding to success… Such emotions make a man forget food, sleep, friends, love, everything.†-Nikola Tesla
"future beings will find their own sources of meaning and happiness"
But Giulio, point is: meaning & happiness are human terms, not posthuman. It is like saying "Italy in the year 2525…", when Italy might very well might not be Italy in 2525.
@postfuturist: meaning and happiness are terms which can be applied to any thinking and feeling sentient being, be it biologically human or not.
Italy in 2525 is an interesting analogy. The political entity called Italy today may not exist anymore, but the geographical territory may still exist in a recognizable form. Or, the geographical entity may have changed beyond recognition (think of geo-engineering, land reclamation for the sea…) but the political entity may still exist, or Italians may be scattered in a diaspora of persons who consider themselves Italian and speak the language. The last scenarios are good illustrations of the preservation of important patterns in different substrates,
Next entry: Sex Makes You Smarter — Can 'Virtual Sex' Do The Same?
Previous entry: Twilight, or Bram Stoker's Final Triumph
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text:
Format Maps
Results: 1-1 of 1 | Refined by: Original Format: Maps Remove Date: 1800 to 1899 Remove Language: Chinese Remove Location: Liaoning Sheng Remove
MapShengjing quan tu.
盛京全圖. | Map of Shengjing Province Scale ca. 1:1,000,000. Wood block print. Relief shown pictorially. One of 26 maps in "Da Qing yi tong yu di quan tu" which was compiled in 1864. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Includes text. AACR2
- Contributor: Hubei Sheng (China). Guan Shu Ju.
- Date: 1864


text:
Rusty loved playing outside. When he was in the house he would stand up with his paws on the sill of the big picture window in the family room and look out at the big back yard, wishing he were there. Sometimes he would see a squirrel running up the tall oak tree or a rabbit hopping through the green grass. This afternoon when Mom let him outside he was so excited he ran around smelling the grass where other creatures had been and then rolled around and around on his back, getting dirt and grass all over his cream-colored fur. When he heard a bird singing he looked up and watched it fly from its nest in the big pine tree. "I wish I could find that rabbit," he thought, sniffing under the pine trees. "I'll bet we'd have lots of fun playing together!" He sauntered over to the flower garden. He loved those beautiful flowers, especially the red ones! He stuck his nose in one to smell it and a bee flew out. "Whew!" Rusty said to himself, "that was close!" The sun was getting brighter and warmer and Rusty lay down and rolled around again in the soft grass. "This is great, I could stay out here forever," he thought. The sun felt so good that he turned over on his back and thought, "Maybe I can get a little suntan on my tummy." Then he squirmed around getting comfortable and soon fell fast asleep.
The small, cream-colored creature opened his eyes and looked around. Everywhere he looked there was green. Tall green things, medium sized green things and short green things. And there were lots of colorful things growing out of the ground. There was red, orange, pink, yellow and blue. There was color everywhere.
Just then, he heard something that sounded like, "Umm, Hi!" He turned around and there was a creature who looked liked him except he was much bigger. He had four feet and a tail but he was a different color. Actually he had two colors. He was black with orange stripes. "Hi!" said the small, cream-colored creature. "Who are you?" "I'm a big, two-colored creature," said the creature. "I'm not sure how I know that. I just opened my eyes and knew that I was a big, two-colored creature." "I know what you mean," said the small, cream-colored creature. "I opened my eyes and knew that I was a small, cream-colored creature and that I was in this beautiful place that's full of color."
"This is a wonderful place," said the big, two-colored creature, "let's look around and see what else we can find." They walked through a little woods of very tall things, that he later learned were called trees, so tall they had to look way up to see the tops of them. They went a little further and there just ahead of them they saw something familiar. It was another creature that looked something like them. It had four long legs and a tail but it had a VERY long neck. "Hi!" they both called to the long-necked creature. "Hi!" the long-necked creature said shyly. "I didn't know there was anybody else like me in this colorful place." "Well, that makes three of us," said the small, cream-colored creature. One by one they found there were many, many creatures in the colorful place and they all looked VERY different. One of them was an enormous gray one with a VERY long nose. Another one was small and brown with a VERY long tail and liked to hang from trees. As they got to know each other they began to run and play and have LOTS of fun. Sometimes the long-tailed creature rode on the back of the long-nosed creature. And sometimes the long-necked creature reached far up into the trees to get delicious treats for them all to eat.
As they walked along they came to a small stream of water that made little bubbling sounds as it flowed past them. The small, cream-colored creature slowly put one foot out and dipped his toes into the water. "Hey, this feels good!" he said. "Come on guys, let's walk across." The rest of the creatures hesitated a moment, then deciding it was safe, followed the small, cream-colored creature into the water. The long-nosed creature and the long-necked creature hardly knew they were in the water because their legs were longer. Only the bottoms of their feet were wet. All of a sudden the small, cream-colored creature yelled, "Help! I can't feel the bottom anymore!" Before you could say, "small, cream-colored creature," the long-nosed creature scooped up the small, cream-colored creature with his long nose and carried him across. The two-colored creature laughed and said, "You look funny, long-nosed creature, you have the small-cream-colored creature on your nose and the long-tailed creature on your back!" They all laughed 'til their stomachs hurt.
Just as they crossed the stream, the long-necked creature yelled, "Guys, look!" Because of his long neck, he made a good guide. They all looked where the long-necked creature told them and saw a VERY strange sight. There were two more creatures under a tree in the meadow but they looked VERY different. They decided to have a closer look and as they were walking toward the new creatures they saw that the new creatures were coming closer to them. BUT these creatures were not walking on FOUR legs like they were, these new creatures were walking on TWO legs. When they got very close they saw that these new creatures didn't have fur on their bodies like they did, their bodies seemed to be covered with a brilliant light instead fur! The small, cream-colored creature sensed there was nothing to fear, so he wagged his tail and walked closer to the new creatures. "Hi, little guy, we're so glad to see you. I am Man and my name is Adam and this is my wife, Eve, she is Woman. The Lord God created all of us not long ago and put us in this wonderful garden called Eden. He told me you would be here along with many, many other animals. He also told me that you will spend your days playing and eating the delicious green food that is growing for you and at night you will lie down on the soft grass to sleep." The small, cream-colored creature couldn't believe his ears. The Lord God had created him! The Lord God loved him enough to put him in this beautiful place with all these wonderful friends!
"He also told me to give all of you names," said Adam, "and to take care of you, and this beautiful garden. Come, sit down here by me while I think of some good names." The small, cream-colored creature said to the other creatures, "Come on guys, come up close. Did you hear that? He called us animals but he's going to give us special names. How cool is that?" So all the animals gathered excitedly around Adam and Eve to wait for Adam to think of names for each of them. "Let's see. This little cream-colored guy will be called a 'Dog'. Actually, because there will be various kinds of dogs, he will be called a Poodle. Toy Poodle because he's so small. But I think you also need a special name of your own, little guy. I think I'll call you Rusty." "Wow!" thought Rusty, his powder-puff tail going in circles, "my own special name!" "Then, as for you, the creature with the long neck," Adam said, "I think 'Giraffe' would be a good name for you." Giraffe was very pleased and nodded his long neck up and down, up and down. "And, let's see, the long-tailed creature will be, um, 'Monkey'." At that, monkey giggled, turned a somersault and scurried up and down the nearest tree. "I'll call the two-colored creature 'Tiger' and this big fellow here, with the long nose, which will be called a 'trunk', I will name 'Elephant'." Tiger was so happy he pranced around and around and elephant thought he had such a fine name that he swung his long trunk back and forth, accidentally hitting monkey. Monkey didn't mind, he just turned another somersault and jumped up onto elephant's back! Many more creatures started to gather around them and Adam gave each of them a name. Some of them were beautiful flying creatures that Adam called birds and one long, pretty one with short legs and shiny colors was called snake. "This is the most special day I've ever had," thought Rusty, "Well, considering this is the FIRST day I've ever had!"
"Ooh!" groaned Rusty. He had suddenly been awakened by Tiger, the neighbor's cat, but before he was awake enough to chase him, Tiger was gone. "Well, anyway, that was a great dream." Rusty looked around and barked, "Lord God, I really thank you for creating me and for my wonderful, big back yard!"


text:
Refocus Silmakeskus in Tartu
|Lai 11 (IV korrus), Tartu, Tartumaa
|rodyti telefono numer?
|El. paštas:
|Siusti el. paštą
|Darbo valandos
Pr - Pn 9:00-17:00
Refocus Silmakeskus in Tartu supažindinimas
to choose ReFocus Silmakeskus for getting rid of glasses
1. We have mainly invested in the technology of a well-known German company Carl Zeiss, and are the only eye surgery centre in Estonia that uses the whole range of Carl Zeissi refractive surgery products for evaluating the eyes for the suitability for surgery as well as in laser eye surgery procedures: Femtolaser VisuMax, excimer laser MEL80, CRS-Master, wavefront analyser WASCA and cornea topographer ATLAS.
2. You can be sure in our eye surgery centre that the suitability of your eyes for laser surgery procedure will not be evaluated by an optometrist, but an eye surgeon, who prepares a best possible individual treatment plan for your eyes using CRS-Master software.
3. ReFocus Silmakeskus also performs other surgical procedures in addition to laser surgery that help you to get rid of glasses, including insertion of additional lens and replacement of a lens with a standard, cylindrical or multifocal lens. Our qualification to perform different procedures allows us to offer each patient the best possible option for getting rid of glasses.
4. In addition to the procedures that help patients to get rid of minus glasses, we also perform operations in patients who wish to get rid of plus glasses. We are the first eye surgery centre in the Baltics to offer the new Carl Zeiss procedure called Laser Blended Vision in patents over 40 years of age who wish to get rid of "reading glasses".
5. Since April 2010 we have been performing exclusively all the LASIK procedures with a new generation femtolaser VisuMax, since our experience coincides with the results of scientific investigations that laser surgery procedures with femtolaser are safer than those with mechanical microkeratome, achieved visual acuity is better, and recovery of the vision is also faster.


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Our very competitive package of Employee Benefits includes
everything from tuition reimbursement to 401(k) savings plans.
Position Specific Requirements:
No Position specific requirements.
Educational Requirements and Experience:
1) Meet one of the following:
2) Experience in a managed care environment. Additional experience in the health care field, particularly in a clinical environment, with experience in program development and utilization management is desirable.
3) Experience quality improvement activities demonstrating measurable outcomes.
4) Communicates well verbally and in writing; creates accurate and punctual reports; delivers presentations; shares information and ideas with others; has good listening skills.
5) Experience in leading team efforts and meetings ( agenda, project plans etc)
6) Patient-Centered Medical Home experience preferred.
7) Experience working with electronic health record and electronic practice management system preferred.
8) Proficient working knowledge of PC and office software applications. (Attach resume with a list of software applications used and examples of work product.)
9) Ability to travel. Valid Arkansas driver's license and meet company requirements. MVR verification.
Language Assistance Available
Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield is an Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association and is licensed to offer health plans in all 75 counties of Arkansas.
Copyright © 2001-2016 Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield


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Charleston Events
Charleston Area Events and Festivals
Discover a world of possibilities all in one place - Charleston, South Carolina.
JAIL BREAK: Optical Delusions Music & Arts Festival
When: 04/26/2014
When: Sat., April 26, 4 p.m.
Where: Old City Jail 21 Magazine St. Downtown, Charleston
Price: $15/ online after March 31; $20/door
The seventh installment of the JAIL BREAK: Optical Delusions festival is set to take place at the Old City Jail in downtown Charleston. This festival was established to provide an outlet for local artists to present their work in a unique way. The Old City Jail will be transformed for the event into a funhouse with multiple exhibits and installments of optical illusions as interpreted by local artists and performers. Exhibits include the 827 Poetry Room, fashion exhibits, interactive jailhouse projects, large-scale perception-altering art installations, a comedy room, dance performances, an offbeat artisans market, musical performances, and more.
-Charleston City Paper


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Today, my fiancé's parents visited. I keep chickens for their eggs, and his parents own a farm, so we had a connection. They told us to leave the house while they cooked us dinner. When we returned, we faced two steaming plates of chicken. My chickens. They had names. FML
by lanbon182 / 04/10/2009 at 1:11am / United States (California) / Animals
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Canon PowerShot 300 HS ELPH 12.1MP 5x Zoom Digital Camera (Black) for $99.99 shipped. Here is a screenshot for reference. It features a 12.1-megapixel 1/2.3" CMOS sensor, 5x zoom from the unusually wide angle at 24mm to 120mm, 2.7" LCD, face detection, up to 3200 ISO sensitivity, DIGIC 4 processor, HD movie mode, and more.
This deal has expired as it is now out of stock. Congratulations to those able to get in on it.
Great Deals and Coupons 1


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Index of content:
Volume 61, Issue 4, April 1990
Two‐wavelength infrared heterodyne transceiver with a continuous phase tracking system61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141208View Description Hide Description
We describe the performance of an optical heterodynesensor with a two‐wavelength coherent infrared beam, which is used to detect the motion of remote targets in a real environment with an unambiguous sensing of the instantaneous direction along the line‐of‐sight propagation path. The initial phase condition of maximum sensitivity of the transceiver is stabilized and held by an active feedback system which drives the phase of the optical field of the local oscillator. The experimental results show that this feedback is particularly useful in reducing the noise generated by low‐frequency environmental disturbances, leaving the signal unaffected when the respective frequency ranges are separated. Under certain circumstances, the signal can be recovered from the noise by the linearizing properties of the phase tracking on the interferometer response. The measurements reported show that the two‐wavelength infrared heterodyne transceiver generates signals which replicate the target vibration exactly up to amplitudes at a multiwavelength level. This allows measurements of displacements on targets with submicron accuracy at distances of several meters.
uv‐laser photofragmentation instrument: Multiphoton ionization and dissociation of small molecules61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141209View Description Hide Description
An excimer laser‐based photofragmentation instrument capable of quantitatively probing ionization and dissociationdynamics in small molecular systems is described. This instrument combines single and multiphoton excitation techniques, with fluorescence and time‐of‐flight ion detection techniques to excite specific excited states of parent molecules and to determine the partitioning of energy among neutral and ionic photofragments. The results of a series of prototype photofragmentation experiments on CO will be used to demonstrate how the experimenter obtains a clearer picture of the fragmentation mechanism when both the ionic and neutral photofragments are interrogated quantitatively rather than when only one type of fragment is studied. Specifically, the authors address the discrepancy in the interpretations of previous fluorescence work on the CO system. It will be shown further that the spectra of the photofragments generated after decomposition of CO by 193‐nm radiation can be used to calibrate the laser bandwidth (0.75 cm− 1) and the absolute frequency (to within 2 cm− 1) when an ArF* excimer laser is employed.
New counting system for detection of charged particles: application to ions generated by a pulsed laser beam61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141210View Description Hide Description
A new counting system for charged particles, which is suitable for the counting of pulse trains arriving in a short time, was constructed. The system is composed of a microchannel‐plate intensifier, a CCDcamera, a frame buffer, a particle counter, and a personal computer. Ion (or electron) pulses incident on the microchannel plate are amplified and then converted to photoradiating spots on a fluorescent screen. The image of the bright spots on the screen is taken by the camera and stored in the frame buffer. The computer processes the stored data and counts the number of bright spots. The performance of the system was examined by applying it to the detection of ions generated by a pulse laser. More than 300 photoions generated by one laser pulse (pulse width: 30 ns) were successfully counted, indicating that the peak counting rate of the system exceeds 101 0 cps.
An all solid‐state magnetic pulse compressor with amorphous metals for pumping a repetition‐rated KrF excimer laser61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141211View Description Hide Description
We have developed an all solid‐state exciter consisting of a magnetic pulse compressor with a transfer energy of 10 J/pulse approximately for KrF discharge lasers. The magnetic pulse compressor was operated with an energy transfer efficiency of 65% at a repetition rate frequency of 40 pps. A KrF excimer laser excited by the all solid‐state exciter was operated with an average laser power of 2.7 W. Four types of amorphous metals as a magnetic core material were experimentally compared in terms of their magnetic induction and magnetic loss so as to be used in the all solid‐state exciter.
Interference method for monitoring the refractive index and the thickness of transparent films during deposition61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141212View Description Hide Description
An interferometric method is described for simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and the thickness of transparent isotropic films during the deposition process. Two laser beams are focused impinging at two different angles onto the film. The intensity of the beams reflected from the growingfilm shows minima and maxima, which are counted and evaluated to determine the refractive indexn and the thickness d of the film in the range of some 100 nm up to several micrometers using 633‐nm laser light. n and d can be determined within an accuracy better than 1%, if the thickness is larger than three times the vacuum wavelength of the laser. The measurements are well in accordance with calculations of the intensity modulation. The method can easily be extended to multilayer systems.
A time‐of‐flight mass filter for ion and cluster ion photodissociation studies61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141213View Description Hide Description
A sensitive method is described for detecting photodissociation products from a specific ion or cluster ion in the absence of the initially formed fragment ions that would otherwise interfere with the signals of interest. By using a simple pulse sequence, the conventional three‐grid time‐of‐flight (TOF) assembly can be operated as a low‐mass rejection filter capable of eliminating all ions below an adjustable threshold mass value. The method has been applied using different ionization sources [e.g., picosecond and nanosecond photoionization, and electron impact (EI) ionization]. Molecular‐beam applications are demonstrated for (1) high‐resolution resonance ion dissociationspectroscopy of rovibrationally cold ions, and (2) stepwise solvation of neat and seeded cluster ions formed by either photoionization or EI ionization. The low‐mass filter (LMF) is especially powerful for cluster ion photodissociation studies. For example, the elimination of successively larger cluster ions leads to photofragment mass spectra that can uniquely establish the photodissociation and metastable decay fragments from specific cluster ions.
Method for determination of neutral atomic oxygen flux61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141214View Description Hide Description
A method for determining the flux of atomic oxygen atoms to a probe surface has been developed. Two probes are used. One is a glass probe enclosing a small, ceramicresistorheater and a thermocouple for determining the ambient local temperature. Another probe has a silver tip and inside it is only a thermocouple. In an atomic oxygen environment, such as a laboratory oxygen plasma, the silver probe will quickly develop a silver oxide coating which provides for atomic oxygen recombination. The temperature increase of the silver probe caused by energy release in the recombination reaction is matched by the glass probe using the resistiveheater. The energy input to the glass probe allows determination of the atomic oxygen flux to the silver oxide probe. This is similar to other approaches using such probes except that by matching the temperature with a resistiveheater in the glass probe, whose surface does not allow for recombination of atomic oxygen, a direct measure of the energy deposited on the silver probe may be obtained.
A pulsed halogen atom source for kinetic measurements in a Knudsen cell reactor61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141215View Description Hide Description
A simple solenoid‐valve pulsed halogen atom source for the measurement of heterogeneous reaction kinetics in a very low pressure reactor (VLPR) is described. The source leads to injection of 300 μs–300 ms pulses of halogen atoms into a Knudsen cell, where their number density can be monitored in real time by means of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). The operation of the source does not interfere with the detection technique. The performance of the source has also been verified using effusive molecular beam mass spectrometric analysis of the effluents of the Knudsen cell. The source is expected to find application in a variety of studies related to fundamental questions regarding etching and deposition reactions, as well as in fundamental chemical kinetic studies involving atoms and stable free radicals.
A reflection electron microscope for imaging of fast phase transitions on surfaces61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141952View Description Hide Description
A reflection electron microscope for ultrashort‐time imaging of laser‐induced processes on surfaces was developed. The instrument is based on a conventional transmission electron microscope modified for high‐energy electron reflection, and, in addition, equipped with a laser‐pulsed high‐brightness electron gun, an interaction chamber, and a tilting unit. Images with exposure times of ≤20 ns of transient surface processes can be obtained. The spatial resolution depends on the exposure time and is limited by a compromise between shot noise in the electron image,chromatic aberration of the objective lens, and radiation damage due to the illuminating electron beam. The performance of the microscope is demonstrated by short exposure time images of laser pulse treated bulk GaAs and Au films on Si showing evaporation, flow, and capillary waves, proceeding within 10–500 ns.
Properties of a four‐electrode adjustable electron mirror as an aberration corrector61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141216View Description Hide Description
A numerical analysis of a four‐electrode electron mirror is presented. It is shown that this system can have adjustable aberration coefficients, opposite to the aberrations of conventional electron optical systems. Therefore, it is possible to use such an electron mirror as an aberration corrector to further improve resolutions in electron microscopes.
Amplitude and phase acoustic microscope using digital heterodyning61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141217View Description Hide Description
We have built a low‐frequency (3–10 MHz) scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) that measures amplitude and phase of rf tone bursts quickly and accurately. The amplitude has a 70‐dB dynamic range; the phase is measured to better than 0.1°. The electronics are capable of operating at greater than a 100‐kHz repetition rate. The signal is mixed with a reference that is shifted discretely in‐phase between tone bursts, the product is integrated and digitized, and the amplitude and phase are computed using at least three digitized values. This general technique operates at a rate limited by the digitizer.
Fast‐imaging method of plasma density spatial distribution by a microwave heterodyne interferometer61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141218View Description Hide Description
By using a microwave heterodyne interferometer assisted by microwave scattering techniques, computer tomographic images of spatial distributions of plasma density can be obtained. Two 9.5 GHz Gunn diodes, whose frequencies are offset by 35 MHz, are used in a heterodyne branch. In front of the detection horn antenna, multiple diodes are lined up, which scatter the microwave power with modulation frequency of 5 kHz, and the whole spatial information in one direction can be obtained by a pair of launcher‐detector systems assisted by these diodes. This system is a simple and low‐cost means to get images compared with popularly known multichannel interferometer techniques; still, precise, spatial resolution in the images has been observed.
Measurement of dispersion relation of waves in a tandem mirror plasma by the Fraunhofer‐diffraction method61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141219View Description Hide Description
The Fraunhofer diffraction measurements from a tandem mirror plasma are reported. The successful use of a new multichannel detector array permits a detailed study of k−ω spectra of long‐wavelength waves with a few plasma shots. The observed dispersion relations are in good agreement with those of drift wave including a Doppler shift due to E×B rotation velocity.
A pulsed plasma gun for intense ion beam injectors61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141220View Description Hide Description
We have constructed a plasma gun which can produce a homogeneous plasma over a large area in high‐voltage diodes. The gun has an independent power supply, and is able to create a plasma on the high‐voltage electrode as well as on the low‐voltage electrode of the diode. Plasma density as well as production time can be controlled. The gun consists of a battery‐operated high‐voltage circuit embedded in the diode shank, and a TiH2 filled, arcing grooves flashboard. Negative ion beams with an intensity of 6 A/cm2, a divergence of tens of milliradians, and a total current of about 1 kA have been produced with this gun in racetrack and annular magnetically insulated diode configurations.
Studies of an expansion‐type tandem rf bucket source61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141221View Description Hide Description
A new rf source producing a large and uniform plasma with magnetic field‐free geometry for neutral beam has been developed. The source consists of a small‐diameter multiple‐rf plasma generator and a bucket chamber as a plasma expansion section. The plasma density scaling, the spatial profile, and the ion beam extraction have been studied by using the single rf plasma generator. It was found that under the optimized conditions the plasma density and the profile in the expanded plasma were essentially ruled by qualities of the bucket chamber itself. The present rf source is promising for the application of large‐volume positive‐ion source or plasma processing.
Method to measure current distribution of an electric arc at tubular plasma torch electrodes61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141222View Description Hide Description
A novel technique was developed to measure the current distribution of an electric arc foot on the electrodes of a plasma torch. The method is based on the induced voltage generated by the passage of the arc over the measuring probe. The technique is suitable for long operation times in plasma torches. Examples of measurements are given for arcs in pure Ar and in Ar+0.3% CO, moving at 9 m/s at 100 and 140 A, respectively. The peaks in the linear current density were 7.6 and 4.2×104 A/m for Ar and Ar+0.3% CO, respectively. The current density was estimated to be around 104 A/cm2 for Ar and 2×103 A/cm2 for Ar+0.3% CO.
Effect of changes in viewing window transmission on high‐temperature Thomson scattering data61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141223View Description Hide Description
Unmonitored changes in the transmission of viewing windows owing to deposited films can produce errors in Thomson scattering temperature measurements. This effect is illustrated by a recent run on the TokamakFusion Test Reactor (TFTR) where apparent errors of over 25% in peak temperatures of 9 keV owing to carbonfilms were noted. Since coatings can also be removed by hydrogen discharges, the transmission of a window may change with time, resulting in variable errors in the temperature. It is proposed that these changes be monitored by calibrationi n s i t u with the aid of a low‐pressure hydrogen glow discharge.
Resonant phase shift technique for the measurement of small changes in grounded capacitors61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141224View Description Hide Description
A simple technique has been developed for the high resolution measurement of small changes in capacitors which have one grounded electrode. The capacitor is arranged to be the tuning element in a series resonant LC tank circuit that is driven by a transistor emitter follower. Signal information is provided by observing the phase shift in the transistor collector current that results from any small change in the capacitor value. Implementation is simple, readily analyzable, provides good diagnostics, is easily multiplexed into arrays, and has potential applications in a number of areas including high resolution proximity sensing, capacitive topography,atomic force microscopy, and capacitormicrophones.
A mixer based electro‐optic sampling system for submillivolt signal detection61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141225View Description Hide Description
We report on a new technique which allows electro‐optic sampling to be performed in a frequency range which is above the 1/fnoise regime of the pump‐probe laser, while at the same time utilizing the high‐sensitivity, low‐noise properties of an audio‐frequency lock‐in amplifier. This new approach to electro‐optic signal extraction has resulted in an unprecedented improvement of two orders of magnitude in signal‐to‐noise capability. The new technique is compared to previous, conventional approaches.
Rapid and efficient transfer of energy between inductors, with application to magnetic resonance imaging61(1990); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141226View Description Hide Description
Several circuits are proposed which store energy in an inductor and which, upon command, efficiently and rapidly transfer that energy to another inductor. In one of the proposals, a device is described that employs three capacitors to create, with the inductors, a doubly tuned circuit. The capacitors isolate the inductors insofar as direct current is concerned, and remove the need for ''floating'' switches. To transfer energy, the current through the primary inductor is simply switched off, and the current is then ''picked up'' in the secondary inductor a half cycle of oscillation later. Validation of this concept is provided by an instrument that switches 20 A between 350 μH inductors in 75 μs, the limitation on speed/current being the 400 V limit of the circuit employed. Loss of 5% of the current is ascribed totally to the resistance of the circuit during the half cycle switching period.


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There's an app for Christian evangelists on Sunday mornings and for incredible productivity and incredible help. In fact, there an app for just about Christian evangelist need on the new iPhone ...
Wow, I feel like a shill. Full disclosure: I have an iPhone but no quid pro quo with Apple. Nor have I tried any of these applications. I'm more of a Words With Friends and Quordy guy myself (challenge me—I dare you).
Anyway, here's a blog post reviewing 20 apps for Christians:
With more problems and followers than time, many Christian evangelists are finding out that their iPhone can be used for much more than phone calls. Below are the top 20 incredible iPhone Apps for Christian evangelists. The apps can help with prayer, Bible study, productivity, and much more.
The list starts here.
View our privacy policy and terms of service.


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Fashion is an everlasting topic since the day we began to pay attention to how we dressed. If you are looking for fashion, this is the right place to come. You can find the right red bottoms pants here from Fashionmia's latest and hottest collection of red bottoms pants. We provide customers fashion items like red bottoms pants with totally affordable price and high quality. Come discover the red bottoms pants you need from our suggestion and guide to save time in choosing the most suitable red bottoms pants. Have fun shopping online at Fashionmia.
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Claire Danes' Husband Skipped Golden Globes For Bachelor Party
Hugh Dancy missed out on celebrating wife Claire Danes' Golden Globes glory on Sunday night because he was hosting his brother's bachelor bash in London.
The star picked up the Best Actress in a Dramatic TV Series prize for her turn in "Homeland," but she was left to party with pals as Dancy was unable to make the Los Angeles awards ceremony due to his family commitment.
She tells E! News, "My husband has just been hosting his brother's bachelor weekend in London. He'll tune in tomorrow. We left a message (to tell him I won)."
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Hello all,
I've been collecting Dungeon for several years now, despite rarely actually running D&D. The Ages of Worms really entertained me - I liked Shackled City, but AoW brought me back to the time when my older brother used to run games for me. Names like Dragotha & Kyuss have been burned into my brain for as long as I can remember as things that were just cool.
Last month I bought Green Ronin's Black Company Campaign Setting. And after I read it, and made happy noises about the edited mechanics, I decided that I had to play it. But what story would I tell? I turned to my stack of Dungeons for inspiration...
The rebirth of the man-become-deity is classic Black Company material. I see Kyuss as a wizard who fled South during the Domination, coming to power in the southern lands. After the Domination fell, he made a bid for power himself, only to be defeated & hurled into the rift between worlds. Much like what Old Father Tree finally did with the Silver Spike. I'm thinking of setting the game perhaps two hundred years before the books kick off, which puts them about two hundred years after the end of the Domination.
For locations, I was thinking of using the Jewel City Garnet as the Free City. It was never detailed in the books, but was briefly described as having a notably large pantheon - the manipulated Cult of the Ebon Triad works whether or not the gods they worship are real. The Resurrectionist movement already exists in secret, trying to revive the Dominator. It wouldn't be too hard to have their efforts being subtly redirected towards bringing back the wrong god :)
Kyuss' temple works well in the D'loc-Aloc jungles, Ruins left by the Wind Dukes can become slightly more recent ruins from the Domination, purged from the pages of history by the efforts of the White Rose, etc.
The PCs will start on their own, but draw in others to aid them as the campaign progresses, forming their own mercenary band, and eventually a small army.
My biggest problem is lowering the fantastic nature of the Ages of Worms. The BCCS is about human evil - things like vampire-dragons have little place. In order to keep up the stakes, I'm considering replacing these kind of scenes with pitched battles. The Worms themselves are horribly appropriate for the world - my only concern is just how lethal they are in a setting with little healing magic and no ability to raise the dead.
Has anyone else considered such things, or even read both sources? I'd love to hear comments or criticisms, or ideas on how to replace some of the more fantastical sections of the AP.
Thanks in advance,
|Devil of Roses
Hmmm, I know this is a little late in the game but I recently got into the Black Company stories and purchased the setting as well and began looking for forum posts on the topic. I thought it was newer than it was (the d20 setting that is), guess I was wrong. Anyway, I'm curious as to how this conversion might have gone. It would have required a lot of work on the GM's part I imagine but would have been doable all the same.


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Previous Issues
by Spencer Raggio
Welcome to the 1999 sailing season! The Lake George Corinthian Yacht
Club has another great summer planned, and we'd like to invite you
to join in the fun. We're putting together a new web site, and will
keep you informed there on current Corinthian events as well as
other Lake George sailing info.
Whether you're a long-time member or new to the Corinthians, you
can help us out immensely by getting your membership in early this
year. As an added incentive, those who sign up by June 18 will be
eligible for a discount in the Ti Race entry fee. And first-time
Corinthian racers will receive a laminated reference card with racing
rules and flag info.
Our season opener is a social event, and will be hosted by the Harris
Bay Yacht Club on Saturday, May 22 at 5 pm. Please join us for some
food and drink, and catch up with all the people you haven't seen
since last fall.
We hope to see you there!
Our signature event, the Ticonderoga Race, will be run on Saturday,
June 19. The registration party at 7 pm on Friday evening, June
18, will be hosted by Yankee Boating Center. Be sure to join us
for one of the oldest long-distance sailing races in the country!
Our membership form, along with the Ti Race notice of race, is enclosed
and is also available at Yankee Boating Center in Diamond Point,
Harris Bay Yacht Club in Cleverdale, and West Marine in Latham.
Or get it online right here.
We're looking forward to seeing you at Harris Bay on May 22!
by Chuck Thorne
Participating in a sailboat race can sometimes be a hair-raising
experience. Boats trying to be in the same place at the same time,
crossing paths, or heading directly for each other can easily overwhelm
the novice racer. It is with this in mind that the Corinthians conduct
the Annual Racing Clinic. The clinic begins with an onshore rules
and race tactics review at 11:00 AM, on Sunday June 6, at the Harris
Bay YC. After lunch the clinic moves on to the water for a series
of practice starts and a shakedown race. A number of the more experienced
LGCYC skippers will be available as onboard coaches for the practice
starts and shakedown race. This clinic is a great opportunity not
only for the novice racer to get his or her feet wet, but for everyone
to dust the winter cobwebs out of their rigging.
In any sport a thorough understanding of the rules is necessary
to be competitive at a high level, however, a grasp of some of the
basic rules is all that's required to safely participate and have
some fun. Listed below is a simplified version of sailing's rules
of racing. It is hoped that with the racing clinic and these rules
we can motivate you to join us racing on some Sundays this summer.
1. When 2 boats are on opposite tacks, the boat on starboard tack
has the right of way. (Rule 10)
2. When 2 boats are on the same tack, the leeward boat has the right
of way over the windward boat; and the boat ahead has right of way
over the boat behind. (Rules 11 and 12)
3. When you are tacking you must keep clear of a boat on a straight
course. (Rule 13)
4. The starting line for most races is the imaginary line between
the committee boat and an anchored buoy (the pin). Your boat must
be completely behind this line at the start signal. If it is not,
then you must turn around and get behind the line. While you are
returning you must stay clear of all boats that started properly,
regardless of what tack you are on. (Rule 20)
5. If you are the right of way boat you can turn toward another
boat providing you allow enough time and space for the other boat
to avoid you. (Rule 16)
6. If you are within 2 boat-lengths of a mark or an obstruction
you have to give any boat between you and the mark or the obstruction
room to pass it. (Rule 18)
7. The exception to number six is at the start marks. You do not
have to give way to a windward/inside boat trying to slip between
you and the starting mark. As a matter of fact that boat is guilty
of barging, which is illegal. (Rules 11 and 18)
8. You must avoid collisions whenever possible. (Rule 14)
9. If a right of way boat changes course to avoid hitting you, you
must take a penalty. Usually that penalty is to promptly get away
from the other boats and sail two complete circles. Which is called
a 720. When complete you're back in the race. (Rule 44)
10. If any part of your boat touches a mark you must sail one complete
circle. (A 360.)
11. If you are the right of way boat and another boat causes you
to change course to avoid it, that boat has broken a rule. You can
then protest her. This is done by immediately hailing her with the
word "protest" and putting up a red flag. She should then accept
the protest and the appropriate penalty. If she doesn't upon finishing
the race you should inform the committee boat which boat you are
protesting. When onshore, a hearing will be held at which both boats
will present their side of the story. The committee will then make
a decision.
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Related quotes
"With each sunrise we start a new beginning. We are given a new day to make up for our mistakes of yesterday. We have a fresh start to say today will be better. By embracing hope, we visualize how the world should be And on the day we recognize that our fate is controlled by our actions, we enable our inner strength to conquer our fears of the unknown."
"You can conquer almost any fear if you will only make up your mind to do so. For remember, fear doesn't exist anywhere except in the mind."
"Inaction breeds doubt and fear. Action breeds confidence and courage. If you want to conquer fear, do not sit home and think about it. Go out and get busy."


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Mickey Avalon
Remember the boy next door that played records all day, and at night kept you up with songs of his own? He left home one day and was never heard from again. He moved to the big city, living in cheap motels, eating dollar hamburgers, working the boulevard with ex-models, thorazine freaks, transvestites, mothers, fathers, drunks, junkies and punk rockers alike. He struggled during many long lonely ...more


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BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION: Fifth International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion
Front Matter997 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/v997.frontmatterView Description Hide Description
Beamed Energy Propulsion: Research Status And Needs—Part 1997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931910View Description Hide Description
One promising solution to the operationally responsive space is the application of remote electromagnetic energy to propel a launch vehicle into orbit. With beamed energy propulsion, one can leave the power source stationary on the ground or space, and direct heat propellant on the spacecraft with a beam from a fixed station. This permits the spacecraft to leave its power source at home, saving significant amounts of mass, greatly improving performance. This concept, which removes the mass penalty of carrying the propulsion energy source on board the vehicle, was first proposed by Arthur Kantrowitz in 1972; he invoked an extremely powerful ground based laser. The same year Michael Minovich suggested a conceptually similar "in‐space" laser rocket system utilizing a remote laser power station. In the late 1980's, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funded continuous, double pulse laser and microwave propulsion while Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) funded ablative laser rocket propulsion. Currently AFOSR has been funding the concept initiated by Leik Myrabo, repetitively pulsed laser propulsion, which has been universally perceived, arguably, to be the closest for mid‐term applications. This 2‐part paper examines the investment strategies in beamed energy propulsion and technical challenges to be overcome. Part 1 presents a world‐wide review of beamed energy propulsion research, including both laser and microwave arenas.
Beamed Energy Propulsion: Research Status And Needs—Part 2997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931889View Description Hide Description
One promising solution to the operationally responsive space is the application of remote electromagnetic energy to propel a launch vehicle into orbit. With beamed energy propulsion, one can leave the power source stationary on the ground or space, and direct heat propellant on the spacecraft with a beam from a fixed station. This permits the spacecraft to leave its power source at home, saving significant amounts of mass, greatly improving performance. This concept, which removes the mass penalty of carrying the propulsion energy source on board the vehicle, was first proposed by Arthur Kantrowitz in 1972; he invoked an extremely powerful ground based laser. The same year Michael Minovich suggested a conceptually similar "in‐space" laser rocket system utilizing a remote laser power station. In the late 1980's, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funded continuous, double pulse laser and microwave propulsion while Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) funded ablative laser rocket propulsion. Currently AFOSR has been funding the concept initiated by Leik Myrabo, repetitively pulsed laser propulsion, which has been universally perceived, arguably, to be the closest for mid‐term applications. This 2‐part paper examines the investment strategies in beamed energy propulsion and technical challenges to be covers Part 2 covers the present research status and needs.
An Exploration Perspective of Beamed Energy Propulsion997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931898View Description Hide Description
The Vision for Exploration is currently focused on flying the Space Shuttle safely to complete our Space Station obligations, retiring the Shuttle in 2010, then returning humans to the Moon and learning how to proceed to Mars and beyond. The NASA budget still includes funds for science and aeronautics but the primary focus is on human exploration. Fiscal constraints have led to pursuing exploration vehicles that use heritage hardware, particularly existing boosters and engines, with the minimum modifications necessary to satisfy mission requirements. So, pursuit of immature technologies is not currently affordable by NASA. Beamed energy is one example of an immature technology, from a human exploration perspective, that may eventually provide significant benefits for human exploration of space, but likely not in the near future. Looking to the more distant future, this paper will examine some of the criteria that must be achieved by beamed energy propulsion to eventually contribute to human exploration of the solar system. The analysis focuses on some of the implications of increasing the payload fraction of a launch vehicle, with a quick look at trans‐lunar injection. As one would expect, there is potential for benefit, and there are concerns. The analysis concludes with an assessment of the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for some beamed energy propulsion components, indicating that TRL 2 is close to being completed.
Access to Space without Energy and Propellant on Board997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931908View Description Hide Description
Laser‐driven, in‐tube accelerator is a laser propulsion device in which the impulse performance is enhanced by the confinement of the compressible fluid. This paper describes the conceptual origin and state of the art of this technology.
Laser Propulsion—Quo Vadis997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931919View Description Hide Description
First, an introductory overview of the different types of laser propulsion techniques will be given and illustrated by some historical examples. Second, laser devices available for basic experiments will be reviewed ranging from low power lasers sources to inertial confinement laser facilities. Subsequently, a status of work will show the impasse in which the laser propulsion community is currently engaged. Revisiting the basic relations leads to new avenues in ablative and direct laser propulsion for ground based and space based applications. Hereby, special attention will be devoted to the impact of emerging ultra‐short pulse lasers on the coupling coefficient and specific impulse. In particular, laser sources and laser propulsion techniques will be tested in microgravity environment. A novel approach to debris removal will be discussed with respect to the Satellite Laser Ranging (SRL) facilities. Finally, some non technical issues will be raised aimed at the future prospects of laser propulsion in the international community.
"Impulsar": Experimental and Theoretical Investigations997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931928View Description Hide Description
The Objective of the "Impulsar" project is to accomplish a circle of experimental, engineering and technological works on creation of a high efficiency laser rocket engine. The project includes many organizations of the rocket industry and Academy of Sciences of Russia. High repetition rate pulse‐periodic laser system project for launching will be presented. Optical system for 15 MW laser energy delivery and optical matrix of laser engine receiver will by discussed as well. Basic characteristics of the laser‐based engine will be compared with theoretical predictions and important stages of further technology implementation (low frequency resonance). Relying on a wide cooperation of different branches of science and industry organizations it is very possible to use the accumulated potential for launching of nano–vehicles during the upcoming 4–5 years.
An Overview of Brazilian Developments in Beamed Energy Aerospace Propulsion and Vehicle Performance Control997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931933View Description Hide Description
Beamed energy propulsion and beamed energy vehicle performance control concepts are equally promising and challenging. In Brazil, the two concepts are being currently investigated at the Prof Henry T Nagamatsu Laboratory of Aerothermodynamics and Hypersonics, of the Institute for Advanced Studies—IEAv, in collaboration with the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute—RPI, Troy, NY, and the United States Air force Research Laboratory‐AFRL. Until recently, only laser energy addition for hypersonic flow control was being investigated at the Laboratory using a 0.3 m nozzle exit diameter hypersonic shock tunnel, T2, and two 7 joule TEA lasers. Flow visualization, model pressure and heat flux measurements of the laser energy addition perturbed flow around a model were produced as a result of this joint IEAv‐RPI investigation. Presently, with the participation of AFRL and the newly commissioned 0.6 m. nozzle exit diameter hypersonic shock tunnel, T3, a more ambitious project is underway. Two 400 Joule Lumonics 620 TEA lasers will deliver a 20 cm X 25 cm propulsive laser beam to a complete laser propelled air breather/rocket hypersonic engine, located inside T3 test section. Schlieren photographs of the flow inside de engine as well as surface and heat flux measurements will be performed for free stream Mach numbers ranging from 6 to 25. The present paper discusses past, present and future Brazilian activities on beamed energy propulsion and related technologies.
Perspective on One Decade of Laser Propulsion Research at Air Force Research Laboratory997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931934View Description Hide Description
The Air Force Laser Propulsion Program spanned nearly 10‐years and included about 35‐weeks of experimental research with the Pulsed Laser Vulnerability Test System of the High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, WSMR/HELSTF/PLVTS. PLVTS is a pulsed CO2 laser that produces up to 10 kW of power in spot at wavelength of 10.6 microns. The laser is capable of a pulse repetition rate up to 25 Hz, with pulse durations of about 20 microseconds. During the program basic research was conducted on the production of propulsion thrust from laser energy through heating of air and ablation of various candidate rocket propellant fuels. Flight tests with an ablation fuel (Delrin) and air were accomplished with a model Laser Lightcraft vehicle that was optimized for propulsion by the PLVTS at its maximum power output, 10 kW at 25 Hz, 400 J/pulse. Altitudes exceeding 200‐feet were achieved with ablation fuels. The most recent contributions to the technology included development of a mini‐thruster standard for testing of chemically enhanced fuels and theoretical calculations on the performance of formulations containing ammonium nitrate and Delrin. Results of these calculations will also be reported here.
Laser Power Beaming On A Shoestring997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931935View Description Hide Description
The NASA Centennial Challenge for Power Beaming is a prize offered for a competitive demonstration of wireless power transmission. The minimum viable competition entry for 2007 was required to deliver greater than 200 watts to a moving 10‐kilogram vehicle over a vertical distance of 100 meters. We describe the design, construction, and operation of a laser power transmission system which considerably exceeds these minimum requirements, and which was built by a largely non‐professional team with minimal financial support in less than one year. The system uses commercially‐available 808 nm diode arrays and simple optics to produce a multikilowatt beam, approximately An automated video tracking system with manual backup and a steerable mirror direct the beam. The receiver is assembled from two types of GaAs photovoltaic cells in a unique configuration. Overall, the system could deliver in excess of 1 kW of DC power to a vehicle with an end to end efficiency of well over 10%, but due to inadequate testing and on‐site failures, it failed to win the 2007 prize.
Laser Propulsion—Is it another myth or a real potential?997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931882View Description Hide Description
This paper discusses different principles of inducing propulsive power using lasers and examines the performance limits along with pros and cons with respect to different space propulsion applications: satellite launching, orbital transfer, space debris clearing, satellite propulsion, and space travels. It concludes that a use of electrical propulsion, in conjunction with laser power beaming, is the most feasible application with technological and economic advantages for commercial use within the next decades.
From Shadowgraph to Monochromatic Schlieren: Time‐Resolved Imaging of Dim Laser‐Induced Phenomena in the Presence of Saturating Plasma Emission997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931883View Description Hide Description
Plasma emission generated during a laser ablation event can saturate an imaging system, washing out valuable information about non‐luminous features such as vapor plumes and shock waves. A step‐by‐step experimental history of development of imaging system from Shadowgraph to Monochromatic Schlieren is presented here as a method of resolving this issue. An ICCD system was used to image ablation events on μs‐timescales in combination with a fiber‐coupled Nd:YAG laser operating at a primary output of 50 mW at 532 nm wavelength, which was used as the illumination source. A monochromatic band pass filter at was inserted into the Schlieren system between the focusing lens and the spatial filter, producing a minute shift in the Schlieren focus. With the filter, the saturation effects were eliminated and features such as shock waves and vapor plumes were clearly visible even when plasma was present. Issues with implementation of this system for application to the study of laser propulsion are discussed in detail.
Sphere‐Wall Impact Experiments with Piezoelectric Force Sensors997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931884View Description Hide Description
Measurement of impulse imparted to a target from μs‐timescale laser ablation events is often performed with piezoelectric force sensors. For pulsed laser ablation with a target resting on the force sensors, an effect can occur for a vertical thrust stand in an exhaust‐up configuration that results in measurement of about twice the actual imparted impulse. A laser operating at 10.6 μm wavelength, 300 ns pulse length, and up to 20 J pulse energy single shots was used to ablate samples of PCTFE. Force sensor measurements of the imparted impulse were compared to tests with a ballistic pendulum over a variety of fluences. The theoretical impulse delivered by the impacts of 6 mm diameter spheres of aluminum, steel, POM, and PTFE on the force sensor were studied, and the coefficients of restitution were measured for the targets. Practical issues for measurement of ablation‐imparted impulse with piezoelectric sensors are discussed.
Thrust Measurements in Ballistic Pendulum Ablative Laser Propulsion Experiments997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931885View Description Hide Description
This paper describes a setup for thrust measurement in ablative laser propulsion experiments, based on a simple ballistic pendulum associated to an imaging system, which is being assembled at IEAv. A light aluminium pendulum holding samples is placed inside a 100 liters vacuum chamber with two optical windows: the first (in ZnSe) for the laser beam and the second (in fused quartz) for the pendulum visualization. A TEA‐ laser beam is focused to the samples providing ablation and transferring linear moment to the pendulum as a whole. A CCD video camera captures the oscillatory movement of the pendulum and the its trajectory is obtained by image processing. By fitting the trajectory of the pendulum to a dumped sinusoidal curve is possible to obtain the amplitude of the movement which is directly related to the momentum transfered to the sample.
Compact And Robust Laser Impulse Measurement Device, With Ultrashort Pulse Laser Ablation Results997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931886View Description Hide Description
An impulse measurement device and analysis package was conceived, designed, constructed, tested, and demonstrated to be capable of: measuring nanoNewton‐seconds to milliNewton‐seconds of impulse due to laser‐ablation; being transported as carry‐on baggage; set‐up and tear‐down times of less than an hour; target exchange times of less than two minutes (targets can be ablated at multiple positions for thousands of shots); measurements in air and in vacuum; error of just a few percent; repeatability over a wide range of potential systematic error sources; and time between measurements, including ring‐down and analysis, of less than 30 seconds. The instrument consists of a cantilever (i.e. leaf spring), whose time‐dependent displacement/oscillation is measured and analyzed to determine the impulse imparted by a laser pulse to a target. These shapes are readily/commercially available, and any target material can be used, provided it can be fashioned in the form of a cantilever, or as a coating/film/tape, suitable for mounting on a cantilever of known geometry. The instrument was calibrated both statically and dynamically, and measurements were performed on brass, steel, and Aluminum, using laser pulses of and The results agree well with those published in the literature, with surface effects, atmosphere, and pre‐/post‐pulses demonstrating interesting effects and indicating areas for further study. These parameters should be carefully controlled and held constant during a series of measurements. The impulse imparted by ablation due to laser filaments in air was also explored.
First‐Overtone CO Laser as a Potential Driver for Beamed Energy Propulsion997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931887View Description Hide Description
A possibility of application of a high‐power first‐overtone CO laser as a potential driver for beamed energy propulsion is discussed. The laser can operate within wavelength range corresponding to the atmospheric transparency window. The laser efficiency was recently experimentally demonstrated to reach 16%, with theoretically predicted one being higher than 20%. A brief introduction into the first‐overtone CO laser physics and information on progress in the R&D of such lasers are presented.
New Hypersonic Shock Tunnel at the Laboratory of Aerothermodynamics and Hypersonics Prof. Henry T. Nagamatsu997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931888View Description Hide Description
The new 0.60‐m. nozzle exit diameter hypersonic shock tunnel was designed to study advanced air‐breathing propulsion system such as supersonic combustion and/or laser technologies. In addition, it may be used for hypersonic flow studies and investigations of the electromagnetic (laser) energy addition for flow control. This new hypersonic shock tunnel was designed and installed at the Laboratory for of Aerothermodynamics and Hypersonics Prof. Henry T. Nagamatsu, IEAv‐CTA, Brazil. The design of the tunnel enables relatively long test times, 2–10 milliseconds, suitable for the experiments performed at the laboratory. Free stream Mach numbers ranging from 6 to 25 can be produced and stagnation pressures and temperatures up to 360 atm. and up to 9,000 K, respectively, can be generated. Shadowgraph and schlieren optical techniques will be used for flow visualization.
Australian Science and Technology with Relevance to Beamed Energy Propulsion997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931890View Description Hide Description
Although Australia has no Beamed Energy Propulsion programs at the present time, it is accomplishing significant scientific and technological activity that is of potential relevance to Beamed Energy Propulsion (BEP). These activities include: continual upgrading and enhancement of the Woomera Test Facility, Which is ideal for development and test of high power laser or microwave systems and the flight vehicles they would propel; collaborative development and test, with the US and UK of hypersonic missiles that embody many features needed by beam‐propelled flight vehicles; hypersonic air breathing propulsion systems that embody inlet‐engine‐nozzle features needed for beam‐riding agility by air breathing craft; and research on specially conditioned EM fields that could reduce beamed energy lost during atmospheric propagation.
Laser Propulsion with Liquid Propellants Part I: an Overview997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931891View Description Hide Description
Despite years of research, laser propulsion on liquid propellants has yet to achieve specific impulses greater than tens of seconds. It is well established that liquids, when used as propellants, can provide coupling coefficient on the order of 100–1000 dyne/W. However, the specific impulse has proven to be significantly inferior to that for solid propellants. This paper will examine the various laser propulsion schemes based on ablation of liquid propellants and intended primarily for space applications. The principal shortcomings associated with liquid propellants will be outlined.
Laser Propulsion with Liquid Propellants Part II: Thin Films997(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2931892View Description Hide Description
Thin films of a liquid propellant have been studied as a potential way to boost thrust for laser propulsion applications. A TEA laser with 300 ns pulse width was operated at up to 20 J pulse energy to produce irradiances at the target on the order of to ablate various systems of thin films on Delrin® substrates. In this study, time‐resolved force sensors and ICCD imaging techniques were used to determine how an addition of thin liquid films to solid substrates affects propulsive properties such as momentum coupling coefficient, specific impulse, and internal efficiency. Transparent (hexane) and absorbing (ethanol and water) thin films were formed above Delrin® substrates for the laser system operating at 10.6 μm. Thickness effects on the hexane‐Delrin® system will be examined. An analysis will be made of the possible routes for force generation, and the general properties, benefits, and shortcomings of liquid thin film structures will be summarized with regard to laser propulsion.


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Again, please try to remember your early lessons. There are reasons why you studied the Order of Operations.
These are NOT the same:
You really should know this, or you really have no business in calculus. Step up your game if you want to do well.
Anyway, try long division.
Now, why would I do such a silly thing?
Unique series don't care how you find them.
If you don't like that, just start in with your derivatives from the first form after long division. That should make your derivatives easier.


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Using Controllers in Angular.Js
What is a controller?
Controller is a JavaScript constructor function that is used to augment the Angular Scope. What does it mean? It means Controllers are essentially the entry-point into our front-end business logic. They should contain all the methods that our page should call. Controllers also allow us to initialize the scope with the models that our page uses.
Then the next question arises. Why do we need controllers?
We use controllers to:
- Set up the initial state of the $scope object.
- Add behavior to the $scope object.
Now we know why should we use controllers in an angular.js application. But we have heard the word $scope so many times. But we don't know what it is? And why should we use controllers to set up the initial state and behavior of the $scope object. So, let us get to know the $scope.
What is scope?
Scope is nothing but an object that links the View with Controller. Data in a controller is usually defined on the scope of a controller.it is also used as Angular's two-way data binding to bind model data to view. Imagine $scope as an object that links Controller to the View. It is controllers responsibility to initialize the data that the view needs to display. This is done by making changes to $scope. So let us view a basic example to understand $scope much better.
<!DOCTYPE html>


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Statutory Instruments
Ecclesiastical Law, England
Made (Approved by the General Synod)
4th July 2008
Laid before Parliament
24th July 2008
Coming into force
1st January 2009
We, the Fees Advisory Commission constituted in accordance with the provisions of section 4 of the Ecclesiastical Fees Measure 1986(1), in exercise of the powers conferred by section 5 do hereby order as follows:
1986 No. 2; amended by the Care of Churches and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Measure 1991 (1991 No. 1), Schedule 6, the Church of England (Miscellaneous Provisions) Measure 1995 (1995 No. 2), section 14, the Care of Places of Worship Measure 1999 (1999 No. 2), Schedule 2 and the Church of England (Miscellaneous Provisions) Measure 2000 (2000 No. 1), section 16.
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