text:
A Day in the Life: CYUL - CYVR - CYUL (2)
A description of a typical day's flight from Montreal to Vancouver and back - using it as a backdrop for a detailed, non-technical description of what an airline pilot does. (Second installment... of ?)
Departure Time minus: 1:00:
I find F/O Paula hard at work at one of the planning kiosks. We exchange greetings. It's been a few weeks since we last worked together, so I tell her I'm looking forward to the next installment of her continuing saga of home renovation problems. As expected, she's already pulled up the flight plan from the dispatch computer and printed the update to the aircraft technical bulletins, as well as other information we'll need.
I log into the computer weather terminal for a self-briefing. Starting with the overview maps I work down into the various databases and graphics for a more detailed look. For a half a second I'm boggled yet again to realize that I'm viewing actual snapshots of the earth taken from space while I was driving to work.
There are some likely areas of turbulence early in the flight that will affect our cabin service. I make a note to include this in the flight attendant briefing. Cloud cover? Jet stream location? Fronts? If we were flying southward I'd be concerned more with the usual evidence of thunderstorms affecting those destinations but today, in early December across Canada, I'm more concerned with runway conditions and snowstorms and icing conditions and en route turbulence reports.
Other than the frontal system that is currently causing some local snow showers, meaning we'll need to deice the airplane before takeoff, and then some strong wind and rain showers on the west coast, it looks like a good day for the flight to Vancouver. The return flight may have some surprises I realize as I glance further down the Montreal forecast. I see that we have an amended forecast. Basically this means that the meteorologists missed the first attempt. And if they got it wrong once, why should I believe they've got it right now? Isn't amended forecast some sort of oxymoron? I may have grown slightly cynical over the years because I've been caught too often in uncomfortable situations due to inaccurate forecasts.
In the days of cheap fuel, everyone admitted weather forecasts weren't very accurate, and we compensated by throwing on more fuel. Fuel gives us time - and options. But now fuel is very expensive and companies dole it out with a teaspoon. They justify dispatching aircraft with minimal reserves based on the high reliability factor that the weather department claims for the forecasts. I often wonder if top level managers in met departments feel pressured to 'validate' their forecasts because they have to justify the multi-millions of dollars taxpayers have invested in weather networks and super-computers. (Oops - do I need to upgrade that self-assessment from slightly cynical to moderately cynical?)
Anyway, this morning the amended forecast is setting my spider senses to tingling. It seems clear that this winter storm system is gaining speed as it crosses southern Ontario, heading for Montreal. I suspect that our return trip tonight will be more interesting than I'd originally hoped.
Departure Time minus: 45:
(to be continued... )
Here's an approximate summary of the typical time from the check-in until pushback:
20 - 30 minutes to check schedules, NOTAMS*, ammendments to our flight manuals, review company bulletins, conduct a weather** briefing via computer or phone link to flight dispatch; check for records of aircraft deficiencies and how they might affect the plan (called Minimum Equipment List items or MELs); analyze the flight plan itself, checking the reasonableness of the routing, altitude profiles and most importantly, the fuel load.
15 - 20 minutes to get to the airplane; this has become more of an issue since 9-11, especially when flying to the U.S. when we have to pre-clear customs. Sometimes getting through the security checkpoints is the most stressful part of the day. Another reason I prefer to work fewer, longer flight legs.
10 - 15 minutes to get installed in the flight deck, check the log book, do an external inspection, and brief the flight attendants
15 - 20 minutes - accomplish the pre-departure checks of the aircraft systems; program the flight management/guidance system; conduct emergency briefings
60 - 85 minutes Total (Alloted time as per duty regs and company pay etc.. 75 minutes)
* NOTAM is an acronym for NOTICE TO AIRMEN. These bulletins are compiled for airport and enroute facilities all over the world, and published in various ways. In our case, flight dispatchers sift through the many sources and publish sub-lists applicable to our areas of operation. Still the list of messages can be long and difficult to absorb.
Most of the items are trivial things for our operation, such as: "MILITARY AIRSPACE RESTRICTION .... (and a list of latitude and longitude points which are almost meaningless without an appropriate map and plotter)... FROM 00H TO 08OOH DAILY FROM 3,000 TO 12,500 ASL... " Which is not of much interest to us today because we'll be flying well above 12,500 feet.
Besides, we'll be coordinating our navigation with the Air Traffic control system who will bear some responsibility for keeping us clear of such things. But you can be sure that if I was flying my little airplane today, I'd be paying much closer attention to those coordinates.
It's just no fun seeing yourself on the eleven o'clock news squatting on the runway edge with your hands clasped on top of your head while an anxious young soldier points a huge gun at your noggin. (Ask the two pilots who stumbled into the restricted area around Washington, D.C. not too long ago... anyone have a link to that video on Youtube perhaps?)
In contrast, often buried at the bottom of a page there'll be a small item like: "CYVR LOC 08R U/S (and some coded numbers indicating a range of times and dates...)." This could well be critical to our flight, because this indicates that a key part of the instrument landing system at Vancouver airport is not working. This will affect us only if the wind requires a landing on the eastbound runways so this probably won't be an issue, but it's nice to be aware.
** Weather reports for aviation come in several different formats. The ones we use most are called TAF and METAR. TAF refers to the forecasts related to specific airports, while METAR refers to the observations of actual weather which are taken every hour (or more frequently in fast changing conditions. I don't have a clue what the acronym, METAR stands for - but do I care?)
At any rate, these weather tools are presented in a complex coded format that was dreamt up in the days when data had to be transmitted over a very limited telemetry system. So the codes are very compact, omitting extra characters wherever possible. This at least has the beneficial side effect of employing hundreds of ground school instructors teaching aviators how to read this strange dialect. And as we live in the age of cheap data, there have been attempts to update this system to a clearer format using plain language or even a graphical representation. Alas, these are slow to catch on. Part of the reason of course, is that after putting so much effort into learning the codes, 'real' pilots disdain any retreat to such neophytic tactics. The professionalism of any pilot caught using such things, would be seriously questioned.
If you happen to be meteorologically-inclined, you can find all sorts of examples and explanations of these codes on the internet. Once having learned them, you can put them to use at one of the many online sources of aviation weather. And if you find out what METAR actually stands for, please let me know. Maybe I care more than I realized...
An FAA Alaska site
Nav Canada briefing site:


text:
The Lab Apes of Liberia
We traveled to remote Liberia to discover Monkey Island, an area inhabited solely by former lab-tested chimpanzees who survived disease and two civil wars.
01100011 01110101 01101110 01110100 01110011
We traveled to remote Liberia to discover Monkey Island, an area inhabited solely by former lab-tested chimpanzees who survived disease and two civil wars.
We meet some of the top security researchers at the center of the car-hacking world. Their goal isn't to make people crash: They highlight security holes to illustrate flaws in car technology, intended to pressure auto manufacturers to be a few steps ahea…
In 2006, a pair of LA traffic engineers hacked traffic lights to cause gridlock as part of a labor protest.
Motherboard's latest documentary is about clinic in Los Angeles that uses virtual reality simulations to treat war veterans with PTSD. With host Jody Mitic, a former master sniper for the Canadian military, we explore the efficacy of these systems to trea…
Motherboard traveled to Denver, Colorado, to attend The Kong Off 3, the Donkey Kong world championship. During four loopy days of shooting, we witnessed first-hand the drama of a showdown between a video game's top contenders.
Soylent is a sci-fi-inspired nutrient shake, and for an entire month it was the only thing I ate. Here's what happened over the course of my 30-day deep dive into the Silicon Valley-driven future of food.
I lived on nothing but Soylent, the futuristic food replacement, for 30 days straight. Watch the full documentary next week on Motherboard.
Humanity just made a large, DIY step towards a time when everyone can upgrade themselves towards being a cyborg.
The Mission RS is the most advanced electric motorcycle in the world. It sounds like a spaceship and hauls ass like one too. But the question is, when will its high-performance technology trickle down to cheaper models and more potential buyers?
Climate change is running rampant, our politics are infected by moneyed interests, and corporations control our media. Al Gore sits down with Motherboard to explain two possible futures he sees for humanity.
Watch Motherboard's new documentary on smart weapons, the gamification of warfare, and a laser-guided robo-rifle that aims itself.
It's a drone! It's a solar plane! It's... a single slice of classic cheese 'za mounted to a weather balloon that's pumping EDM into the heavens? When we caught wind of what the band Anamanaguchi had cooking for their new video, we had be there to see it a…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Stuart Peace does not feel Reading goalkeeper Alex McCarthy needs a move to the Premier League for an international call-up.
McCarthy's impressive form this season has seen him included in Roy Hodgson's England squad for the friendly games against the Republic of Ireland and Brazil – and Pearce feels the status of his club is not an issue.
Indeed, Pearce feels the only thing the stopper needs to worry about is making sure he gets regular first-team football.
"I just think he needs to be playing. If he is playing Roy will look at him," Pearce said.
"You hear some people talking about how players from fashionable clubs only get the opportunity (at international level), but he has proven that idea wrong. If you are playing well enough you will get the opportunity no matter where you are.
"He is in the England squad now so that tells you something straight away – he wouldn't be in the England squad if Roy didn't trust him."
The 23-year-old has enjoyed an impressive rise up the leagues and has made 13 top-flight appearances for Reading this season, despite not being a regular at the start of the campaign.


text:
Here is a column on the World Cup because there has been a shortage of those and one is fearful of a famine (I urge you to recall the great football column famine of 1930, when nobody died, but much of the population was forced to think for itself). But this is at least a column that hopes to defend the right of those who just can't care.
I remember a friend of mine, a father, once telling me that although he was very close to his daughter (yes, yes, I know some women love football, but this happened to


text:
Items where Salford Author is "Whittle, N"
|Up a level
Group by: Item Type | No Grouping
Number of items: 2.
|Whittle, N, Peris, E, Condie, JM, Woodcock, JS, Brown, P, Moorhouse, AT, Waddington, DC and Steele, A 2015, 'Development of a social survey for the study of vibration annoyance in residential environments : Good practice guidance' , Applied Acoustics, 87 , pp. 83-93.
|Condie, J, Steele, A, Whittle, N, Brown, P and Waddington, DC 2011, Human response to vibration in residential environments (NANR209), technical report 2: measurement of response , Technical Report, Defra, London.
This list was generated on Tue Dec 6 03:40:57 2016 UTC.


text:
Solomon M. and Hannah Shirey
Solomon M. Shirey (1834–1925), son of John Shiry, Sr. and Mary "Polly" Shaffer Shiry, of Redbank Twp., where Solomon was born.
Hannah L. Haven Nettleton was Solomon's third wife. They married on 21 Dec. 1909 in Coeur D'Alene, Idaho. Photo from picture postal card addressed to his sister, Polly Shiry Young [Note: the "flaw" on her face is from the postal mark on reverse side.]
Solomon M. Shirey served in the Civil War in Co. E, 11th Mich. Inf.
His first wife, Mary M. Alsbach, died in 1886 in LaPlata, MO. He then remarried on 1 Jun 1888 to Emma G. Grubber. His Civil War Pension papers filed by him do not state what happened to her. He was born in PA, moved to Michigan 1865–1880, then to Missouri 1880-1886; then to Montana from 1886 to 1899, then from 1899 to 1906 in Idaho, and from 1906 to 1912 in Orting, Washington, and died in Los Angeles, CA, and is buried in Los Angeles National Cemetery.
He had 8 children to his first wife. They were: Anson Casey died in MI as child; Sarah Ellen; Otis D. died in LaPlata, MO., Julia R., James E. (said to never have married), Lillie M., Hiram O. Shirey never married, and Blanch O. Shirey. Children born from 1858 through 1875.
Submitted by Clarence R. Shirey, great great nephew. Permission granted for use on this site only. Reproduced in Parentage & Descendants of John Shiry, Sr. & Mary "Polly" (Shaffer) of Redbank Twp., Armstrong Co., PA, 1974, Vol. 5.
Click on the City or Town name right under the name of the photograph, to view more photographs from that city or town. If there's a county listed, you can view more photographs from that county. If you see a surname listed under the title of the photograph, you can click on that surname or surnames to view more photos that are associated with that surname. Same thing works with any of the other "tags" listed right under the title of the photograph. You may be able to make the photo larger, if the original photograph was larger than the photo shown here. Click on the word "original" above and a window will open with a the photo in a larger size. Want to add some information or comment on this photo? Click on "Add new comment" above.


text: I understand how difficult it is for your wife, wanting to provide your son with the most encouragement and stimulation she can, but if he's not interested in these shows now and even *MIGHT* be later, I can guarantee she'll have no lack of options when he does show an interest. Any kids' show that is halfway decent and even vaguely educational does not get dropped lightly. With three networks doing an intense amount of educational kids programming (PBS, Nickelodeon, and Noggin), content is definitely at a premium. They'll rotate great shows in and out of the schedule and repackage them as needed. I've taped a *lot* of vintage 70's Sesame Street for my toddler (because I loathe what they've done to Sesame Street recently) and have a current wishlist for The Electric Company so I can hoard up a bunch of the Spiderman clips and pass them on to a TiVo-less friend whose son is crazy about Spiderman. I'm not familiar with the first two shows your wife is saving but Between The Lions is a big one and I'd be shocked if it they stopped broadcasting it in the next few years. As for her own shows, more and more programs are being offered by-the-season on DVD (for rental or purchase). When my husband and I get around to watching Buffy, this is probably how we're going to do it. She might consider just letting a few shows go for now and buying them instead of hand-archiving them so she can have them on hand for later. This is what we'll probably end up doing for Firefly (well, except, renting, not buying). And, again, one never knows when some cheesy program or another is going to get picked up by a cable channel (think Max Headroom on TechTV). I do really think the problem is that she needs to find a way to let go of all the archiving. It sounds like she has a very full and busy life and she just doesn't need the guilt she's feeling every time she walks past or looks at the TV. Gently remind her that it is only television and that it's okay turn her back on imaginary characters in artificial circumstances. Good luck!


text:
Over the course of the last 21 years, almost every aspect of the Undertaker's career has been covered extensively. From his battles with pro-wrestling greats such as Shawn Michaels and Triple H to the speculative date of his retirement, the WWE's longest-active performer is often in the limelight.
Oddly, however, the Deadman's championship accolades frequently take the backseat when considering his iconic career.
Despite being a highly respectable, seven-time world champion, the Undertaker is not known for his championship credentials.
The Brothers of Destruction. The Hell in a Cell bout with Mick Foley. The Ministry of Darkness.
Events such as those are often mentioned before the fact that the Undertaker has beaten famous names like Hulk Hogan and Stone Cold Steve Austin in order to win championship gold. Several essential Undertaker bouts (such as the exemplary 2002 Ladder Match with Jeff Hardy) occurred whilst in possession of a WWE heavyweight strap, therefore the importance of his title history must be acknowledged.
In this article, the spotlight will be deservedly placed upon the Undertaker's WWE and World Heavyweight title victories.
(Note: Title wins will be ranked in terms of match quality and success of resulting championship reigns.)


text:
One Direction's Zayn Malik Hospitalized After VMAs
One Direction star Zayn Malik was hospitalized in Los Angeles after hurting his foot following the MTV Video Music Awards on Thursday.
The singer, who picked up three trophies at the prize giving with his band mates, was photographed hobbling out of an L.A. hospital on crutches on Friday sporting a bandaged foot.
Malik and his One Direction pals ended up partying with Justin Bieber following the awards show and the singer is rumored to have hurt himself during their celebrations.
The 19 year old flew back to his native Britain on Saturday and was pictured using his crutches as he made his way through LAX airport with his band mate Niall Horan.
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text:
CCSS Update: Volume I, Issue 13, November 9, 2012Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Update includes information regarding the implementation of the CCSS.
SBE Acts on CCSS Implementation Items
Adoption of the English Language Development Standards aligned to the CCSS
At its meeting yesterday, the State Board of Education (SBE) formally adopted new English Language Development (ELD) Standards aligned to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and designed to help English learners build critical knowledge and skills.
The standards are aligned with California's CCSS for English language arts (ELA) and literacy in history/social studies, science, and technical subjects. They describe the key knowledge, skills, and abilities in core areas of ELD that students learning English as a new language need to achieve in grade-level content. The standards are designed to provide rigorous content in ELD.
To access the standards and learn more regarding their development, please visit the CDE ELD Standards Web page. You can read more about the adoption of the ELD standards on the CDE News Release Web page.
Approval of Supplemental Instructional Materials
The SBE has approved 19 supplemental instructional programs that bridge the gap between the materials school districts currently are using, based upon the 1997 standards, and the CCSS with California additions. These materials cover kindergarten through grade eight in English-language arts and kindergarten through grade seven in mathematics. Because the 1997 California standards and the CCSS for mathematics do not match at grade eight, supplements for grade eight adopted mathematics programs were not part of the review. These instructional materials include textbooks, software programs, Web-based information, and many other components that provide students with academic content to support their educational growth.
Of the 42 publisher submissions, the reviewers recommended for approval by the SBE 12 supplemental programs for English language arts and seven for mathematics. While these supplemental programs were not formally adopted by the SBE, the SBE recommends them as they will help districts continue to move toward full implementation of the CCSS. The next full instructional materials adoption was recently authorized by Assembly Bill 1246 (Brownley), Statutes of 2012; this adoption will be for mathematics, kindergarten through grade eight, and the SBE is scheduled to take action in March 2014. Currently, no new full adoption for English-language arts is scheduled.
A link to the list of the SBE-approved materials and additional information regarding the Supplemental Instructional Materials Review (SIMR) may be found on the CDE SIMR Web page. To view the SSPI's announcement of the approval, please visit the CDE News Release Web page.
CCSS Update from CDE
1430 N Street, Suite 5602
Sacramento, CA 95814-5901
Excerpted from CDE's External Linking Policy: The CDE is providing these links only as a convenience, and the inclusion of any link does not imply endorsement by the CDE or any association with the sites' operators.
To view past CCSS Updates, please visit the CCSS Resources Listserv Archive.
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text:
Submit News
Samsung Sets Profit Record, but Growth, Margins Suffer Slightly
Jason Mick
January 25, 2013 11:56 AM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
Samsung is still the only phonemaker to approach Apple in terms of profitability
Apple, Inc. (
) set perhaps too high a bar with years of gaudy growth, new products and record products. Now, even as it
earns an epic $13.1B USD
, it saw shares hammered as a result of shrinking margins and questions of legacy.
For Apple's arch-rival Samsung Electronics Comp., Ltd. (
), which just posted its earnings last night, the story was a bit of the same. Samsung
a record profit
of $6.54B USD (7.04T won), or almost precisely half of the profit Apple made for the quarter. That profit marks a rise of 76 percent from a year ago, and narrowly bests
analyst predictions
of $6.39B USD (6.87T won).
It mustered record profitability, despite some bad news. Margins "fell to 17.4% in the fourth quarter, down from the 18.8% marked in the previous quarter". Additionally, Samsung saw cell-phone sales grow 58 percent, which might seem impressive were that not a fall from last year's eye-popping 82 percent growth.
Samsung raked in $51.12B USD (56.06T won) in total revenue, up 18 percent from a year before. Revenue was roughly in line with the analyst prediction of 56.22T won. The profit-driving telecom business accounted for 62 percent of the company's operating profit.
Samsung moved an estimated 60 million smartphones and set a profit record in Q4 2012.
[Image Source: Funny Tweek]
Analysts estimate that Samsung moved around 60 million smartphones worldwide for the quarter, up from
36.5 million smartphones
a year ago. The surge comes thanks to strong continued growth of the Galaxy brand of smartphones and mini-tablets. Samsung maintained a narrow lead over Apple in sales (Apple moved 47.8m iPhones), despite the strong relief of pent-up demand brought by the release of the iPhone 5.
The most troubling news for Samsung was how a strengthening South Korean won might hurt Samsung's profitability in 2013. Samsung estimates that up to 3T won ($2.79B USD) could be trimmed of its profits in 2013. Exactly how much that hurts Samsung depends a lot on how much it continues to grow.
A strengthening won is bad news for Samsung. [Image Source:
SeongJoon Cho/Bloomberg]
Shares fell to a two-month low on news of the dipping margins and currency issues. But ultimately, traders may be spooked not only by these numbers, but also by the performance of Samsung's archrival Apple. Comments Standard Chartered Plc analyst Sean Kim
, "The stronger won will obviously have a negative impact on profit, but that isn't Samsung's only concern. Apple's unimpressive earnings also indicate that the overall market situation is becoming more difficult."
In short, investors fear a weakening phone market and as a results are scrutinizing the market's top players (Samsung and Apple) more carefully. Interestingly, the most positivity
appears to be channeled towards Nokia
Oyj. (
) who achieved profitability after 6 quarters of losses. While Nokia moved only 4.4m Windows Phones -- or about 1/14th of Samsung's unit sales -- the small, lean company is attracting attention in the troubled market.
Still, it might be unwise to overlook Samsung. The company has a very diverse business base, and finds ways to achieve profitability even in the most adverse of circumstances. For example, in Q4 its semiconductor division leveraged higher prices on component DRAM for smartphones and servers to offset weak pricing on the PC front due to overproduction.
Samsung [PDF]
FT [analyst estimates]
"My sex life is pretty good" -- Steve Jobs' random musings during the 2010 D8 conference
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text:
Spanish-English Health Care Interpretation Support
Spanish-English Health Care Interpretation Support
- Alverno Interpreter Institute
- Careers and Immersion Experiences
- Contact Us
- Faculty & Staff
- Majors and Supports
The Spanish/English Healthcare Interpretation support at Alverno College is designed to strengthen the language skills of bilingual students to prepare them for a career in healthcare interpretation. As a medical interpreter, you will assist patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) as they communicate with healthcare providers. The program helps students devlop the skills necessary in order to work in a variety of settings: hospitals and clinics, specialty clinics, telephonic or video remote interpreting, physician's offices, language agencies, freelance, home health agencies, community organizations and volunteerism.
Due to the medical focus, this support attracts many students who are pursuing a major in nursing; however, being a nursing student is not a requirement. This program is a perfect complement for a number of other areas of study, such as biology, psychology, art therapy, pre-health, and community leadership. The need for interpreters is not limited to healthcare.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the field of interpreting and translation is projected to grow an astonishing 46% between 2012 and 2022 -- much faster than average.


text:
I don't know why I find this topic (among us) to be interesting, but I do. Even though it seems we've all seen most of the worldwide classics, there are still some on my list.
If you go by the ranking of all time films on theyshootpictures.com (which is a composite of several lists and link is below, if I've done it right), which are the top films that you have yet to see?
Mine are (and, yes, I need to see more Fellini):
1. Rules of the Game
2. 8
3. Singin in the Rain
4. La Dolce Vita
5. Children of Paradise
6. Au Hasard Balthazar
7. Ordet
8. Ugetsu
9. La Strada
10. The Mirror


text:
- Product Description
DetailsThe Joseph Joseph Milly salt and pepper mill set is styled to look like a salt and pepper shaker.
To use, simply invert the unit and twist the base to grind.
The extra-large holes in the cap allow the grounds to fall out and, when the unit is placed down, the cap helps capture and contain any excess salt or pepper.
A clear acrylic window in the body means you can see exactly what the contents are and when they are running low.
- Details & Dimensions
- The tough, ceramic mechanism is fully adjustable to grind from fine to coarse grain.
- D5 x H13cm
Product Code: 160897
- Acrylic.
- Delivery & Returns
Delivery & Returns
Delivery UK Mainland & Northern Ireland
Accessory orders over £50 = FREE
Standard service within 3 days = £4.95
FREE returns.
Delivery Republic of Ireland:
Standard Service = £12
FREE returns.
Click here to see more on our Delivery & Returns page.
- Care Instructions
Care Instructions
- Wipe with a damp cloth.
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ALKACopper utensil holder£12.00
Salt and pepper mill set is rated out of 5 by 1.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Astrorob from Stylish Salt and Pepper Mill Set I purchased these last month and they are a perfect addition to my kitchen. Really practical, non messy, and look great.
Date published: 2016-06-24


text:
Cheats and Walkthroughs
Cheats and Walkthroughs(25)
We've put together this Diablo 3 Beta Witch Doctor guide to get you up to speed on the most spiritual class coming to Blizzard's upcoming action role playing game. This handy guide gives you all the most important info on the Witch Doctor from the Diablo 3 beta at a glance.
You Should Play A Witch Doctor If: If you love summoning pets and creatures to do your bidding, you're definitely going to want to try out the Witch Doctor. Aside from pets, Witch Doctors can also assault their victims with exploding skulls, poison clouds, and curses. If you liked the Necromancer in Diablo 2 then chances are you're going to love the Witch Doctor in Diablo 3.
Background: Also known as spiritual warriors, Witch Doctors of the Umbaru Tribe are are new to the Diablo universe. According to the lore, only a few select men and women among the tribe can ascend to the role as they must possess the talent for communicating with spirits.
The key features of the Witch Doctor include pets, elemental attacks, curses, hexes, and battlefield control. Pets are exactly what you'd think they are: things that the Witch Doctor surrounds himself/herself with and they fight for their master until they're killed. These include cute and cuddly things like zombies, zombie dogs, bats, fetishes, spiders, and more. Elemental attacks are the Witch Doctor's destructive magic spells that allow them to kill packs of enemies with acid clouds, swarms of locusts, gouts of flame, and other fun stuff like that.
Curses and Hexes are the spells that Witch Doctors use to weaken and slow their enemies. These skills are often used not as a killing blow, but rather as a way to soften up the enemy so that other members of the party, or the Witch Doctor's pets, can rip them to shreds with ease. With the Witch Doctor's Battlefield Control, they can use their crowd control abilities to make enemies flee in fear, strike their own allies in bewilderment, or even turn them in to chickens.
How You Play A Witch Doctor: There are many ways to play a Witch Doctor, but at this point in the beta the easiest thing to do is to summon your Zombie Dogs and let them kill anything that comes near you. Obviously this is an extremely basic way to play what will eventually be a skill-based class, but for now all you need to do is summon those dogs and they'll almost do all of the work for you.
If you don't want to take the easy way out with the dogs, you can also use your Witch Doctor as both a melee or ranged damage dealer. They come equipped with spells like Firebats which do massive damage, and they can also dual wield weapons if they want to deal strong melee damage after cursing their foes.
Witch Doctor Equipment: Witch Doctors, like all of the classes in Diablo 3, get their own types of unique equipment including ceremonial knives, mojos, and voodoo masks. What makes a Witch Doctor's small ceremonial knife different from a normal dagger? Well, its only purpose is for human sacrifice, that's what. Mojos, like the Wizard's orbs, are what Witch Doctors use in their off-hand instead of another weapon. They "serve as symbolic representations of their enemies' awful futures." Finally, Witch Doctors get epic voodoo masks so that they can present themselves as aspects of spirits. These masks are used to not only terrify foes, but also to give the Witch Doctor some protection (and style) as well.
Witch Doctor Skills: Witch Doctors have 22 available skills in total in Diablo 3 which are divided in to three different types: Physical Realm, Spirit Realm, and Support. The Physical Realm skills feature many summonable pets like frogs, spiders, bats, and zombies. These seem like the skills that manifest the most direct damage to your enemies. Spirit Realm skills on the other hand deal their damage over time, or are there to act as utilities. Finally, Support skills are a mix between buffs, debuffs, and summonable pets. Here's where the Witch Doctor's zombie dogs come in to play, but these skills also contain abilities like Hex which turns your enemies into chickens, and Big Bad Voodoo which increases the attack, casting, and movement speed of your allies by 15% in an area.
Like all of the other Diablo 3 classes, Witch Doctors can only have six skills active at a time. You start out with two active skills at level one and you unlock the ability to use an extra skills at levels 6, 12, 18, and 24. Witch Doctors also get their choice to equip a passive skill at levels 10, 20, and 30.
In the Diablo 3 beta all characters can only level up to 13, so you only get access to a few skills. Plus, all of the enemies are so tuned down that your spells will do massive damage. Keep in mind that this will undoubtedly change when the game is released but for now, as you're making your way through the Diablo 3 beta, there are a few skills for the Witch Doctor that are a bit more potent than others.
- Summon Zombie Dogs: Unlocked at level 2, this Skill allows you to summon 3 zombie dogs "from the depths" to fight by your side. These dogs are bloodthirsty beasts from hell that will tear your enemies to shreds in seconds. You can't directly control them, they just run around and kill until there's nothing left. What's great about this skill is that any health globe you find will also heal your zombie dogs, so they're very hard to kill. But, if one does happen to get taken down, the cooldown on the skill is only 60 seconds so you can always just summon new ones.
- Plague of Toads: Unlocked at level 2, Plague of Toads allows you to release a handful of toads that deal 155% weapon damage as poison to enemies they come in contact with. You read that right, you release toads at people and they blow up to deal poison damage. Again, you can't really tell the toads which enemies to attack, they just hop around towards enemies and deal massive damage to them if they connect. However, it's rather hilarious to unleash dozens of toads at an enemy while your zombie dogs are already ripping them apart. (I'm twisted, I know)
- Firebats: Unlocked at level 9, this skill releases a swarm of fiery bats towards any enemies in front of you for 130% weapon damage per second as Fire damage. Not only does the animation for this spell look amazing, but it's also a very strong skill for the Witch Doctor that blazes through most of the enemies that get up in your grill.
Between dogs, toads, and bats, none of my enemies lasted too long against my Witch Doctor in the beta. There are also support skills that are very impressive like Grasp of the Dead that slows enemy movement, or Horrify, which scares enemies into running away. But again, the beta's difficulty is so tuned down that none of these more strategic skills came in to play that much, so I went for the more direct damage abilities.
Passive Witch Doctor Skills: In the Diablo 3 beta you can only equip one passive skill once you get to level 10. Your choices are Circle of Life or Vermin, and at level 13 you unlock Spiritual Attunement. Passive Skills are just that: abilities that you don't have to cast but grant passive advantages to your Witch Doctor.
The passive skill Circle of Life gives your Witch Doctor an additional 10% of your maximum Mana whenever you're healed by a health globe. Vermin makes your Plague of Toads, Corpse Spiders, and Firebats abilities do 20% more damage. Finally, Spiritual Attunement increases your Witch Doctor's maximum mana by 20% and allows you to regenerate 2% of your maximum mana per second.
Personally, I used the Circle of Life passive skill on my Witch Doctor in the Diablo 3 beta. I found that with the abundance of health globes that drop in the beta that I never ran out of mana with this passive equipped, so I could constantly be casting spells over and over without worry about emptying that resource. That said, I think when the game is actually released I might go for Spiritual Attunement as there may be less health dropping and this skill will give me more benefits at a higher level.
As someone who loves pets in games, the main active skills that I used on my Witch Doctor were the zombie dogs, toads, and firebats. I loved controlling the beasts of hell, but with my fourth skill I used Poison Dart, which shoots enemies at range for 100% damage and an additional 80% weapon damage per second for two seconds. My zombie dogs and toads just did so much damage that I was never stuck fighting too many enemies at once with my Witch Doctor.
At the moment, the Witch Doctor seems like the most versatile class in the game. You can play it with just about any playstyle you prefer, whether that be summoning minions, melee combat, ranged combat, or spell casting. While every other class is a bit niche, the variety of ways that you can play the Witch Doctor at the start of the game all the way to the end is extremely appealing. Not to mention, they have some of the best looking character art and voice acting in the game, which only adds to the class as a whole.
What do you think of the Witch Doctor in the Diablo 3 beta so far? Let me know in the comments below, and tell me how you set up your Witch Doctor's skills if they're different than the ones that I used. Also be sure to check out our Diablo 3 Beta Wizard Guide and our Diablo 3 Beta Monk Guide for everything you want to know about these other D3 classes.
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July 18, 2007
CONAX FLORIDA CORP., PLAINTIFF,v.ASTRIUM LTD., DEFENDANT.
THIS CAUSE came on to be heard upon the defendant's Motion to Quash Service of Process and to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction or Alternative Motion to Stay Proceedings and Compel Arbitration (Doc. 4), the plaintiff's response (Doc. 7), and the defendant's reply (Doc. 13). Because the plaintiff properly served process upon the defendant, and the defendant had sufficient contacts with Florida to satisfy Florida's long-arm statute and constitutional due process requirements, the defendant's request to quash service of process and to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction will be denied. However, based on an arbitration provision in the parties' contract which makes arbitration mandatory under these circumstances, the alternative request to stay these proceedings and compel arbitration will be granted.
The plaintiff, Conax Florida Corporation, is headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida. It specializes in the design and manufacture of pyrotechnic valves ("pyrovalves") that are used in satellites.*fn1 Defendant Astrium Limited is an English company with its principal place of business in the United Kingdom. It builds and maintains satellites for civil and military communications.
In 2000, the defendant contacted the plaintiff regarding the purchase of pyrovalves for its Eurostar 3000 commercial telecommunication satellites (Guenthardt Aff., Doc. 7-2, ¶8). The parties had previously developed a relationship when the defendant purchased from the plaintiff pyrovalves for its aerospace industry satellites (id. at ¶¶ 6, 7).
On July 24, 2000, the defendant gave the plaintiff in Florida an Authorization to Proceed and work order to manufacture pyrovalves for its Eurostar 3000 satellites (id. at ¶9; Doc. 7-5, Ex. 2). In March 2001, the defendant sent a team of employees to the plaintiff's facility in Florida in order to advance from the work authorization to the final contract (Guenthardt Aff., ¶10). The parties reached in Florida an oral agreement, which was subsequently placed in writing and signed by the defendant in England (id. at ¶¶ 11, 12).*fn2 The parties' Subcontract for Pyrotechnic Valves ("Subcontract") (Doc. 4-2) was then executed by the plaintiff in Florida (Guenthardt Aff., ¶12).
The defendant agreed to purchase from the plaintiff 406 pyrovalves, which were to be manufactured in four batches between April 2001 and June 2005 (Kovacik Aff., Doc. 7-7, Ex. B, ¶11). The Subcontract afforded the defendant full access to the plaintiff's facilities in order to observe, inspect, examine, and evaluate the plaintiff's work (Doc. 4-2, Art. 14, §14.1(a)).*fn3 The Subcontract further specified that the defendant had "the right to participate in or execute surveys, audits, reviews, source inspections, test observations, mandatory inspections and any other activity in pursuance of the terms of this Subcontract or have itinerant personnel" at the plaintiff's facilities (id. at §14.7). It also provided the defendant's representatives with office space and facilities when they were in Florida (Doc. 4-5, Art. 11, §11.12; see also Guenthardt Aff., ¶13).
Accordingly, approximately every other month throughout the term of the Subcontract the defendant's representatives traveled to the plaintiff's facility in St. Petersburg, Florida, to oversee the manufacturing and testing of the pyrovalves (Kovacik Aff., ¶¶ 12-14; Guenthardt Aff.,¶13). Additionally, the defendant brought its customers to Florida to tour the plaintiff's facility (Kovacik Aff., ¶12).
By June 2005, three of the four batches of pyrovalves had been manufactured and successfully tested. However, on June 28, and June 29, 2005, during the testing of the fourth batch of pyrovalves, both parties observed cracking in the valves (Guenthardt Aff., ¶15; Kovacik Aff., ¶16). Additionally, further examination of earlier batches of pyrovalves also showed cracking (Kovacik Aff., ¶16). The defendant's representatives subsequently visited the plaintiff's facility several times to investigate with the plaintiff the cause of the cracking (Guenthardt Aff., ¶¶ 15, 17; Kovacik Aff., ¶¶ 17-21).
Thereafter, a dispute arose regarding the scope of the plaintiff's liability under the contract for the nonconforming pyrovalves (see Guenthardt Aff., ¶22). Thus, in October 2005, the defendant claimed damages of approximately 24.5 million euros (which is in excess of thirty million United States dollars) (id. at ¶19). The plaintiff argues that this demand is excessive and is unrelated to the measure of damages contemplated in the Subcontract.
With regard to disputes, the Subcontract provides (Doc. 4-3, Art. 20, §20.2):
In the event of any dispute arising out of the terms of this Subcontract, the Parties shall undertake to make every reasonable effort to reach an amicable settlement. Failing such settlement, a controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Subcontract may be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules then in effect of the International Chamber of Commerce.
After the parties investigated liability, they communicated on settlement issues, without success. The parties subsequently agreed to mediate this dispute on December 15, 2006, in Florida (Giobbe Dec., Doc. 4-8, ¶5).
On December 12, 2006, Francesco P. Giobbe, defendant's counsel, traveled from France to Tampa to attend the mediation conference (id. at ¶7). The parties attended the mediation, but it ended in an impasse.
At the conclusion of the mediation, the mediator advised defense counsel to remain in the conference room (id. at ¶12). Thereafter, plaintiff's counsel entered the room with a process server and gave Giobbe a copy of the summons and complaint filed in this case (id. at ¶13).*fn4 Unbeknownst to the defendant, the plaintiff had filed this lawsuit in Pinellas County Circuit Court the previous day, December 14, 2006 (Doc. 4-6).
The plaintiff's complaint concedes that its pyrovalves failed, but it disputes the scope of its liability (Doc. 2, p. 4). The plaintiff seeks a declaratory judgment that its liability for the failed pyrovalves does not extend beyond their repair, replacement, or a refund to the defendant of the amount received by the plaintiff for the nonconforming valves (id. at p. 3).
After removing this lawsuit from state court (Doc. 1), the defendant filed its Motion to Quash Service of Process and to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction, or Alternative Motion to Stay Proceedings and Compel Arbitration (Doc. 4). The plaintiff submitted an opposition to this motion (Doc. 7). The defendant was permitted to file a reply (Doc. 13). Oral argument on the motion was subsequently conducted (Doc. 26).
The defendant argues that the case should be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(5), Fed.R.Civ.P., for insufficient service of process (Doc. 4, pp. 6-10). The plaintiff contends that it properly effected personal service of process upon the defendant pursuant to §48.031, Fla. Stat., and substitute service under §§ 48.161 and 48.181, Fla. Stat. (Doc. 7, pp. 5-11).
A. Under §48.031(1)(a), Fla. Stat., a party may effectuate service of process by "delivering a copy of it to the person to be served with a copy of the complaint, petition, or other initial pleading or paper...." The plaintiff contends that it complied with this provision when it served Giobbe, the defendant's corporate representative, in Tampa on December 15, 2006, following the failed mediation (Doc. 7, pp. 5-8).
The defendant argues that the plaintiff's service of process upon Giobbe is insufficient because the plaintiff accomplished service by luring him into Florida under the guise of settlement negotiations, which is a tactic prohibited by Florida law (Doc. 4, p. 6). Thus, in Citrexsa, S.A. v. Landsman, 528 So.2d 517 (Fla. App. 1988), service of process was quashed after the defendants, who traveled from Mexico to Florida to attend a settlement conference, were served with process prior to the mediation. The court found that the plaintiffs' conduct demonstrated that they "never intended to participate in good faith settlement negotiations, and that their agreement to participate in the settlement conference was merely an artifice to serve" the defendants. Id. at 518; see also Mallin v. Sunshine Kitchens, Inc., 314 So.2d 203 (Fla. App. 1975), cert. denied, 330 So.2d 22 (Fla. 1976).
Emphasizing the plaintiff's filing of the lawsuit the day prior to the mediation, the defendant claims that service of process in this case should be quashed because, "like the plaintiffs in Citrexsa, S.A. and Mallin, [the plaintiff] conned [the defendant] into traveling to Florida under the pretense of settlement," when its true intention was to serve the complaint (Doc. 4, p. 7). The plaintiff denies the defendant's allegation, contending, among other things, that its good faith participation in the mediation is evidenced by the attendance of its three most senior officers and the several hours they spent attempting to resolve the disagreement (Guenthardt Aff., ¶24).*fn5
In sum, there is a substantial dispute as to whether the plaintiff's actions in effecting personal service of process constitute bad faith. Its resolution would require an evidentiary hearing involving the disturbing circumstance of testimony from the lawyers involved in the mediation process.*fn6 However, this issue need not be resolved and, therefore, no evidentiary hearing is necessary, because, as discussed below, the plaintiff properly effected substitute service upon the defendant pursuant to §§ 48.161 and 48.181, Fla. Stat.
B. The plaintiff contends that it effected service upon the defendant in accordance with §§ 48.161 and 48.181, Fla. Stat. (Doc. 7, p. 9). In this regard, it explains (id. at p. 10, n.6):
Three copies of process ... were mailed certified mail, return receipt requested, as required, to the Secretary of State. A notice of service and a copy of the process were sent both to a company representative at [the defendant's] registered office in the United Kingdom and to its U.S. Attorney by certified mail, return receipt requested.
The defendant does not dispute that it received a copy of the summons and complaint through the mail (see Doc. 13, pp. 4-5). Rather, it argues that service of process by mail is not authorized by The Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extra-judicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters ("The Hague Convention"), which governs international service of judicial documents. 20 U.S.T. 361, T.I.A.S. No. 6638 (reprinted in 28 U.S.C.A., Fed.R.Civ.P. 4 (2007 Supp., note at p. 129)).
Article 10(a) of the Hague Convention specifies that the Convention shall not interfere with "the freedom to send judicial documents by postal channels directly to persons abroad" if the state of destination does not object. Since the United Kingdom has not objected to Article 10(a), see U.S. Dept. of State, Judicial Assistance in the United Kingdom, http://travel.state.gov./law/info/judicial, the plaintiff contends that service of process by mail pursuant to §§ 48.161 and 48.181, Fla. Stat., is not inconsistent with the Hague Convention's requirements (Doc. 7, p. 11). However, the defendant argues that the plaintiff's reliance on Article 10(a) is misplaced because Article 10(a) applies only to documents sent after service of process is effected (Doc. 13, pp. 4-5).
The crux of this issue is whether "freedom to send judicial documents" includes service of process. This is a matter on which federal courts disagree. One line of cases holds that the phrase "send judicial documents" does not include "service of process," but rather encompasses documents sent only after service of process is effected. See Nuovo Pignone, SpA v. Storman Asia M/V, 310 F.3d 374, 384 (5th Cir. 2002); Bankston v. Toyota Motor Corp., 889 F.2d 172, 174 (8th Cir. 1989). These courts hold that, if Article 10(a) were intended to permit an additional method of process service, the word "service," as it is used liberally in other provisions, would have been chosen instead of "send." Id.
On the other hand, several federal courts hold that Article 10(a) does include service of process by mail, reasoning that "send judicial documents" encompasses "service of process." Brockmeyer v. May, 383 F.3d 798, 802 (9th Cir. 2004); Ackermann v. Levine, 788 F.2d 830, 838-40 (2nd Cir. 1986); Research Systems Corp. v. IPSOS Publicite, 276 F.3d 914, 926 (7th Cir. 2001), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 878 (2002).
As discussed in Brockmeyer, service of process by mail "is consistent with the purpose of the Convention to facilitate international service of judicial documents." Brockmeyer v. May, supra, 383 F.3d at 802. Further, this interpretation is shared by commentaries, including the official report of the Hague Convention. See, e.g., 1 B. Ristau, International Judicial Assistance (Civil and Commercial) §4-3-5 (1984); see Brockmeyer v. May, supra, 383 F.3d at 802-03 (listing historical documents).
In particular, the United States Government, through the State Department, wrote a letter to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts on this issue, stating, in pertinent part (Letter from Alan J. Kreczko, U.S. Dep't. of State Deputy Legal Advisor to the Admin. Office of the U.S. Courts (March 14, 1991)):
We ... believe that the decision of the Court of Appeals in Bankston is incorrect to the extent that it suggests that the Hague Convention does not permit as a method of service of process the sending of a copy of a summons and complaint by registered mail to a defendant in a foreign country.
In addition, this position is shared by several other member countries of the Hague Convention. Brockmeyer v. May, supra, 383 F.3d at 802.
I find more persuasive those decisions, particularly Brockmeyer, that hold that Article 10(a) is applicable to service of process. Therefore, consistent with those decisions construing Article 10(a) of the Hague Convention to permit service of process by mail if the state law provides such an option, and the receiving country does not object, I find that the plaintiff's service of process upon the defendant in accordance with §§ 48.161 and 48.181, Fla. Stat., does not violate the Hague Convention. Notably, the defendant does not contend that the plaintiff failed to comply with those provisions of Florida law. Accordingly, the plaintiff has properly effected service of process upon the defendant.
The defendant argues further that, even if service of process is effective, this case should be dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction (Doc. 4, pp. 10-13).
In order to establish personal jurisdiction over a non-resident defendant, a plaintiff must show, first, that jurisdiction is authorized by statute, and, second, that the exercise of jurisdiction is consistent with due process. International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945); Sun Bank, N.A. v. E.F. Hutton & Co., Inc., 926 F.2d 1030, 1033 (11th Cir. 1991).
Initially, these requirements may be satisfied simply by allegations in the complaint that are sufficient to make out a prima facie case of jurisdiction. Posner v. Essex Ins. Co., Ltd., 178 F.3d 1209, 1214 (11th Cir. 1999). However, if the defendant challenges the jurisdictional allegations by affidavit, the plaintiff bears the burden of proving by affidavit or other evidence that the court has jurisdiction over the defendant. Sculptchair, Inc. v. Century Arts, Ltd., 94 F.3d 623, 627 (11th Cir. 1996). To the extent that the parties' affidavits conflict, all reasonable inferences are to be made in favor of the plaintiff. Cable/Home Communication Corp. v. Network Productions, Inc., 902 F.2d 829, 855 (11th Cir. 1990).
In order to satisfy the first prong of this analysis, the plaintiff relies upon the provision of Florida's long-arm statute that states, in pertinent part (§48.193(1)(a), Fla. Stat.):
(1) Any person, whether or not a citizen or resident of this state, who personally or through an agent does any of the acts enumerated in this subsection thereby submits himself ... to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state for any cause of action arising from the doing of any of the following acts:
(a) Operating, conducting, or engaging in, or carrying on a business or business venture in this state or having an office or agency in this state...
The defendant argues that it is not subject to jurisdiction under this statute because it did not engage in business in Florida (Hussain Dec., Doc. 4-7). Thus, it states that it is an English company that does not maintain any offices or own any property in Florida (id. at ¶¶ 5, 6). Further, the defendant avers that it does not have any employees in Florida or advertise its business in Florida (id. at ¶¶ 7-10).
Moreover, the defendant contends that its contract to purchase pyrovalves from the plaintiff is insufficient to confer personal jurisdiction because "the mere purchase of goods" from a Florida corporation does not constitute doing business in Florida (Doc. 4, p. 12)(citing Bruzzone Roldos v. Americargo Lines, Inc., 698 So.2d 1368, 1369-70 (Fla. App. 1997)).
In order to establish that a defendant is carrying on a business for the purposes of Florida's long-arm statute, the activities of the defendant must be considered collectively and must show a general course of business activity in the state for pecuniary benefit. Sculptchair, Inc. v. Century Arts, Ltd., supra, 94 F.3d at 627. Contrary to the defendant's argument, this case does not involve the mere purchase of goods.
Here, the defendant collaborated with the plaintiff, a Florida company, in the production of pyrovalves, a critical component of its Eurostar 3000 satellites.*fn7 In this connection, the defendant traveled to Florida to negotiate important contract terms and thereafter traveled to Florida numerous times to oversee the manufacturing process and to participate in the testing of the pyrovalves. Further, the defendant brought its clients to Florida to showcase the design and production of the pyrovalves. Moreover, it traveled to Florida to investigate with the plaintiff the cause of the cracking in the pyrovalves. In all, the defendant traveled to Florida in connection with this contract more than twenty times (Guenthardt Aff., ¶13).
There are additional factors showing that the defendant engaged in a business venture in this state. Thus, the defendant had previously contracted with the plaintiff's Florida company for the purchase of pyrovalves (id. at ¶¶ 6, 7). And, with regard to this Subcontract, the defendant bargained for significant oversight of the manufacturing process in Florida, including a provision that required the plaintiff to provide it office space and related facilities in Florida (Doc. 4-5, Art. 11, §11.12).
Therefore, when viewed cumulatively, the defendant's activities demonstrate that it engaged in business in the state for pecuniary benefit. This activity satisfies §48.193(1)(a), Fla. Stat. Sculptchair, Inc. v. Century Arts, Ltd., supra.
B. The second prong of the jurisdictional issue, the constitutional inquiry, is twofold. First, the defendant must have established such "minimum contacts" with the forum state that the defendant "should reasonably anticipate being haled into court there." World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980). Second, the contacts must be considered along with other factors to determine whether the assertion of jurisdiction comports with the principles of "fair play and substantial justice." Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 476 (1985).
Establishing minimum contacts in the forum state is the constitutional touchstone. In this regard, the Supreme Court has explained that a forum may exercise specific jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant if it "has purposefully directed [its] activities to forum residents and the resulting litigation derives from alleged injuries that arise out of or relate to those activities." Id. at 474.
For example, where, as here, a non-resident corporation engages a Florida corporation "to perform specific services on their behalf and then actively monitor[s] such services ... in the state of Florida .... the non-resident defendants [are] amenable to suit in Florida because they had essentially availed themselves of the privilege of conducting business in Florida." Marsh Supermarkets, Inc. v. The Queen's Flower Corp., 696 So.2d 1207, 1209 (Fla. App. 1997), rev. denied, 705 So.2d 10 (1997); see, e.g., Ben M. Hogan Co., Inc. v. QDA Inv. Corp., 570 So.2d 1349, 1350-51 (Fla. App. 1990); Pellerito Foods, Inc. v. American Conveyors Corp., 542 So.2d 426 (Fla. App. 1989). Thus, based on the defendant's frequent visits to Florida to exercise oversight of the pyrovalve manufacturing process and to promote its sales objectives, it should reasonably anticipate being haled into court in Florida. Accordingly, the defendant's contacts with Florida clearly meet the constitutional minimum.
Finally, it must be determined whether the exercise of personal jurisdiction over the defendant would transgress traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, supra, 444 U.S. at 292. This requires consideration of the burden on the defendant, the interests of the forum state, and the plaintiff's interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief. Id. However, it is noted that, "[w]hen minimum contacts have been established, often the interests of the plaintiff and the forum in the exercise of jurisdiction will justify even the serious burdens placed on the alien defendant." Asahi Metal Ind. Co., Ltd. v. Superior Court of California, 480 U.S. 102, 114 (1987).
The defendant has not presented a cogent argument for finding that personal jurisdiction in Florida would be unreasonable. Thus, it purposefully directed activity to Florida and its representatives repeatedly traveled to Florida in connection with the Subcontract. Under these circumstances, personal jurisdiction in Florida does not contravene basic notions of fair play and substantial justice.
Further, although the defendant claims that it is an undue burden to defend a lawsuit in Florida, this factor is not particularly compelling because "modern improvements in transportation and communication significantly lessen this hardship." Williams Elec. Co., Inc. v. Honeywell, Inc., 854 F.2d 389, 393 (11th Cir. 1988). This is exemplified by the defendant's numerous trips to Florida. Importantly, because the plaintiff is a Florida corporation, the defendant cannot maintain that Florida does not have a significant interest in this dispute. Id. Consequently, the defendant has failed "to present a compelling case that the presence of some other considerations would render jurisdiction unreasonable given the existence of minimum contacts." Id.
For these reasons, litigation of this lawsuit in Florida would not violate due process. In fact, however, there will not be any substantial litigation here because, as will be explained, this lawsuit will be stayed pending arbitration in England.
In sum, the plaintiff has shown that the defendant had sufficient contacts with Florida so that personal jurisdiction in this state satisfies the Florida long-arm statute and constitutional due process concerns. Accordingly, the defendant's motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction is without merit.
The defendant has alternatively moved for a stay of proceedings in this case and to compel arbitration pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act ("FAA"). It relies upon the arbitration clause in the parties' agreement which states, in pertinent part (Doc. 4-3, Art. 20, §20.2):
The location of the arbitration shall be in London, England and the arbitration shall be held in English. Each party shall bear its own expenses in participating in the arbitration process.
Based on this provision, the defendant commenced arbitration proceedings in England (see Doc. 5). The plaintiff opposes arbitration, arguing that it is optional (Doc. 7).
The parties agree that the FAA governs this matter (Doc. 4, p. 15; Doc. 7, p. 15). The FAA manifests a federal policy favoring arbitration and any doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration. Moses H. Cone Hosp. v. Mercury Const. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24-25 (1983). However, arbitration is not to be imposed on parties who did not agree to it. EEOC v. Waffle House, Inc., 534 U.S. 279, 289 (2002).
The plaintiff contends that the arbitration provision in this case is optional because the "use of the word 'may'... evinces the parties' intent not to be bound to invoke the arbitration clause ..." (Doc. 7, p. 17). In other words, the plaintiff argues that, by selecting the word "may," instead of "shall" or "must," the parties have the option of litigating the dispute if they do not mutually agree to arbitrate.*fn8
Contrary to the plaintiff's contention, the word "may" does not give one party the right to avoid arbitration.*fn9 See Ziegler v. Knuck, 419 So.2d 818, 819 (Fla. App. 1982)(the use of the word "may" in an arbitration clause "is little different than the use of the compulsory language-it creates in either party the right to insist upon arbitration; it creates in neither party the right to resist arbitration insisted upon by the other."); Allis-Chalmers Corp. v. Lueck, 471 U.S. 202, 204 n.1 (1985)("The use of ... 'may' is not sufficient to overcome the presumption that parties are not free to avoid the contract's arbitration procedures."); Deaton Truck Line, Inc. v. Local Union 612, 314 F.2d 418, 422 (5th Cir. 1962) ("Clearly, ... 'may' should be construed to give either aggrieved party the option to require arbitration."); see also Webster's Third New Int'l Dictionary (unabridged ed. 1981), p. 1396 ("may" is defined as "shall, must--used esp. in deeds, contracts and statutes"). Thus, the United States Supreme Court, the former Fifth Circuit, and a Florida appellate court have all concluded that, notwithstanding the use of the word "may" in an arbitration provision, either party has a right to insist upon arbitration.*fn10
Furthermore, even if the word "may" is thought to create some ambiguity in the arbitration provision, any uncertainty would be overcome by the principle that ambiguities are to be construed in favor of arbitration. Mastrobuono v. Shearson Lehman Hutton, Inc., 514 U.S. 52, 62 (1995); AT&T Technologies, Inc. v. Communications Workers of America, 475 U.S. 643, 650 (1986)( "An order to arbitrate the particular grievance should not be denied unless it may be said with positive assurance that the arbitration clause is not susceptible of an interpretation that covers the asserted dispute."); see also Hirshenson v. Spaccio, 800 So.2d 670, 674 (Fla. App. 2001) ("'Arbitration clauses are to be given the broadest possible interpretation in order to accomplish the purpose of resolving controversies outside of the courts.'"). Therefore, any ambiguity created by the word "may" is properly construed in favor of arbitration. See, e.g., Ceres Marine Terminals, Inc. v. Int'l Longshoreman's Ass'n, Local 1969, AFL-CIO, 683 F.2d 242, 247-48 (7th Cir. 1982).
Moreover, this is unquestionably the more reasonable and plausible construction of the parties' intent. Thus, the plaintiff's interpretation impermissibly renders the arbitration provision illusory, as the parties can always agree to arbitrate in the absence of a contractual provision. Austin v. Owens-Brockway Glass Container, Inc., 78 F.3d 875, 879 (4th Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 980 (1996); American Italian Pasta Co. v. Austin Co., 914 F.2d 1103, 1104 (8th Cir. 1990); see also Maguire v. King, 917 So.2d 263, 266 (Fla. App. 2005)(give reasonable meaning to all terms of the arbitration provision in order to avoid rendering part of the contract "toothless"). Further, the agreement to have English law govern the contract is more consistent with arbitration of disputes in England than litigation in the United States. See Doc. 4-3, Art. 20, §20.1 ("This Subcontract shall be interpreted, governed and construed in accordance with the laws of England").
Significantly, an e-mail from the plaintiff to the defendant unequivocally states that "[a]rbitration in London is acceptable" (Doc. 13-6, Ex. A). This provides confirmation of the parties' intent to arbitrate disputes arising from this contract.
In sum, the arbitration provision creates the right of a party to submit the matter for arbitration. As a result, the defendant has initiated arbitration proceedings in England pursuant to the terms of the agreement (see Doc. 5, Ex. 1). Accordingly, this court proceeding will be stayed and the parties ordered to proceed with arbitration in England.
Therefore, for the foregoing reasons, it is ORDERED:
That the defendant's Motion to Quash Service of Process and to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction, or Alternative Motion to Stay Proceedings and Compel Arbitration (Doc. 4) is hereby GRANTED to the extent that the case is STAYED, and the parties are directed to proceed with arbitration in England. In all other respects, it is hereby DENIED.
DONE and ORDERED at Tampa, Florida, this 18th day of July, 2007.
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Mr. Bucketlist: Gambling – and gifting – for God
"We're on a mission from God." – Elwood Blues
I'm not a gambler. The last few times I've been to Las Vegas were for concerts and I didn't even put a quarter in a slot machine. That being said, I've wanted to gamble at Monte Carlo's Grand Casino ever since I was a kid and I saw the "I Love Lucy" episode where Lucy inadvertently wins piles of money playing roulette and nearly "breaks the bank."
Last month my family and I were on a three-week vacation driving the French and Italian Riviera, and we stopped for one night in Monaco. This would be my chance to complete my bucket list goal of "Gambling in the Grand Casino."
I learned from a friend about a semi-private back room they have at the casino where the locals and high-rollers play. The room has a dress code, an admission fee, and you have to show your passport to get in, "but is more of the James Bond kind of experience you're looking for," my friend told me.
It was Oct. 12, and after a day of sightseeing and celebrating my son's birthday with dinner overlooking the famed harbor, my wife took the boys back to the hotel and, like any good father with a bucket list, I went to the casino.
I entered the semi-private gaming room and stood at the bar nursing my 18 euro ($24) cocktail and soaking in the room's vibe. Collagen-lipped women chatted at the long marble bar while their older husbands sat at nearby roulette tables dropping dozens of hundred-euro chips on the roulette table with each roll.
I had decided earlier that day that I'd be playing for God. If I lost it was my "opportunity cost" of completing a bucket list goal, and if I won, the winnings would go to God.
After a protracted amount of "people watching," I sat down at a roulette table with a 10 euro minimum bet and a minimum 200 euro buy-in. I scattered around six or seven chips on the various numbers that I used to play, including 32 and 33 (Magic and Kareem's jersey numbers, which tells you how long ago it was). On the first roll, nothing. On the second roll, nothing. On the third roll, I covered all the same numbers, and had one chip left. I looked across the field of numbers, and then placed my last chip on 12, a number I've never played in the past, but it was my son's birthday, and boom… 12! 360 Euros ($500)!
"I'd like to cash out," I hurriedly informed the dealer. After only three rolls I was walking for the change cage with my original seed money and God's winnings.
My family spent the next two weeks sightseeing and visiting various churches around Italy, including small hilltop monasteries and huge cathedrals such as the Duomo in Florence and St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, lighting candles and distributing God's winnings.
– David Jerome, better known as "Mr. Bucketlist," is an author and resident of Fullerton. Follow more of his adventures at mrbucketlist.com.
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Vaginal burning?? Not UTI, Yeast, or Bacteria…?
I've been experiencing minor vaginal burning & discomfort with no other symptoms, and I have gone to the doctor multiple times and always test negative for UTI, yeast infection, and bacterial infection. Doctor said it also does not look like an allergic reaction to latex condoms, and tests came back normal from recent Pap Smear. Anyone know what could be going on??
Here is the selected answer for your question:
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you could have trichomoniasis
Personally, I only burn when I have a yeast infection.
do you shave down there? even though its a simple answer that could be whats causing it, just a thought
it could be from lack of lubrication when sexually intimate.
This has happened to me. Are you underwear to tight?(if they are try a size bigger). Have you or any one Else been rubbing and inserting more that just a penis maybe a finger or a play toy. It could also be a tampon brand you are using and you may want to chang brands. I would also like to recommend a cream called Vagisil it helps itching, burning,ext. Vagisil also has products such as: deodorizing spray, powder, vagina wipes, cleaning clothes for sensitive skin,And Many more!
and you should try some of the Vagisil products and they are at a reasonable price.
If you're sexually active, it burns most after sex and don't use condoms you may be allergic to the semen.
Yeast infections are so common its ridiculous and they always seem to come at the worse times. I had it for 6 months at one point which was a real low point and I hated the idea of using all those chemicals so I did some research on the internet and found one particular website so useful since it was completely natural!
In my experience it has been the only thing that got rid of my infection for good!
If you want to give it a try you can find it at http://www.QuickYeastInfectionCure.com
Good luck hun!
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The Chiles Academy
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Address: 3019 Willow Oak Drive
Port Orange, FL 32141
Phone: (386) 409-3294
Fax: (386) 322-3733
School FactsGrades Served: PreK, 6-12
Enrollment: 85
Year Opened: 2002
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text:
Has Bill Belichick Gone Too Far With Promoting Within On His Coaching Staff?
By: Russ Goldman
With the loss to the Jets, a major topic this week has been the youth of the coaching staff, and the lack of coordinators. At first glance you might think Bill Belichick has taken it too far with so many coaches being promoted within on his coaching staff. Young coaches Bill O'Brien and Matt Patricia are thought to be the the coordinators without the titles. Well, I took a closer look at the staff and I came up with an interesting conclusion. Belichick's coaches actually come from inside and outside of the organization. There is also much more experience on this staff than most people think.
One of the qualities that I have admired about Belichick is that he develops young coaches from an early age, and brings them through the organization. The most notable would have to be how Josh McDaniels started at the bottom, and worked his way up to eventually becoming offensive coordinator.
Belichick as a young coach was given his first coaching job on the Baltimore Colts staff under Ted Marchibroda. Belichick paid his dues at an early age, and I believe keeps passing it forward to young coaches.
However, the Patriots current coaching staff is not just made up of young coaches. Let's start with the most senior of coaches in Dante Scarnecchia. His title is assistant head coach/offensive line for the Patriots. Dante has been a coach with the Patriots for 26 years. The Pats do have a veteran coach on the offensive side of the ball.
Also, you have running backs coach Ivan Fears who has been with the Patriots for 13 years. He originally came to the Patriots during the Dick MacPherson years. He left in 1993 to become a coach with the Chicago Bears. He came back to the Patriots in 1999.
On the defensive side of the ball you have two former players for Belichick on the staff. Pepper Johnson has been on the Patriots staff for 10 seasons. He is currently the Defensive Line Coach.
Corwin Brown is in his first season as a coach with the Patriots. He has been a coach at the College and Professional level since 2001. He has a very interesting title. In his bio it lists him as Defensive Coach. Many Pats fans might remember him when he was a player during the Bill Parcells years. Last season he was the Defensive Coordinator for Notre Dame.
Special teams coach Scott O'Brien has 16 years of NFL coaching experience. He is in his first with the Patriots. The last two seasons he was with the Denver Broncos as Special Teams Coach.
Now let's take a look at the two coaches that seem to have the job of coordinators without the titles.
First, Bill O'Brien has been a coach for a long time. He started his coaching career in 1993 as an assistant at Brown. He then moved on to coach at three ACC schools and they were Georgia Tech, Maryland and Duke. His final ACC job was offensive coordinator at Duke for two seasons. He coached 14 seasons before coming to the Pats. He began his Patriots tenure in 2007. He is currently the Quarterbacks Coach for the Patriots.
Second, Matt Patricia is the Linebackers Coach. Before coming to the Patriots he spent 6 seasons at the College level at three different schools getting valuable coaching experience. He is now in his 6th season with the Patriots coaching staff.
In concluding, if you really analyze the Pats coaching staff you will see a real mix of youth and experience. Belichick has promoted from within, but many of these coaches had coaching experience prior to coming to the Patriots. So, if you don't think Bill O'Brien or Matt Patricia are doing there job it certainly is not from a lack of experience.
The only proper conclusion I can come up with is that Bill Belichick has not gone too far with promoting from within. These coaches earned their role with the Patriots. You want to know why I think that? If Bill Belichick trusts them with his offense and defense that is good enough for me, and I think as the season goes on we'll see more improvement from both sides of the ball.
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While you're doing your holiday shopping the Salvation Army hopes you will by purchase some extra gifts so some children in need will have presents on Christmas.
The Salvation Army's Angel Tree is now available inside Sikes Senter Mall and four other Wichita Falls businesses.
Each tag has the name and gift information of a child who Salvation Army officials say without your help would not have a merry Christmas.
Officials with the non-profit organization say this year there are several hundred more names on the Angel Trees to select.
"We usually have capped off at 300 families but this year we knew that other agencies in the past that were doing it weren't gonna help this year. So, during our one week registration back in October I decided there would be no cap during that week so we're over 367 families this year," says Sgt. David Swyers, commander of the Salvation Army.
Sgt. Swyers says that amounts to 908 children.
The Salvation Army has an Angel Tree inside five Wichita Falls businesses.
They are Sikes Senter Mall, across from Christopher & Banks clothing store, Shoe Carnival on Call Field Road, and all three Walmarts in town.
The last day to select a name is December 11th.
And coordinators ask that you return the unwrapped gifts to the Salvation Army by Tuesday, December 17th.
Copyright 2016 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text:
Christmas pudding with citrus & spice
Nutrition and extra info
- Freezable
- Vegetarian
Nutrition: per serving
- kcal596
- fat20g
- saturates10g
- carbs92g
- sugars69g
- fibre0g
- protein7g
- salt0.89g
- 175g each raisin, currants and sultanas
- 140g whole glacé cherry
- 50g mixed peel
- 50g whole blanched almond
- zest 1 orange and 1 lemon
One of the best-known citrus fruits, oranges aren't necessarily orange - some varieties are…
- 1 medium carrot, peeled and finely grated
The carrot, with its distinctive bright orange colour, is one of the most versatile root…
- 150ml brandy
Brandy is a distilled spirit made from virtually any fermented fruit or starchy vegetable.…
- 50ml/2fl oz orange liqueur, such as Grand Marnier
One of the best-known citrus fruits, oranges aren't necessarily orange - some varieties are…
- 175g light muscovado sugar
- 175g fresh white breadcrumb
- 125g self-raising flour
- 1 tsp mixed spice
- ¼ tsp grated nutmeg
- 175g butter, frozen
Butter is made when lactic-acid producing bacteria are added to cream and churned to make an…
- 2 egg, beaten
The ultimate convenience food, eggs are powerhouses of nutrition, packed with protein and a…
- butter, for greasing
Butter is made when lactic-acid producing bacteria are added to cream and churned to make an…
- holly sprig, to decorate
Mix the fruit, almonds, citrus zests and the carrot with the brandy and orange liqueur in a large mixing bowl. Cover and leave to soak overnight.
Mix all the dry ingredients together, then add to the soaked fruit mixture. Grate in the butter, then add the eggs and stir. Don't forget to make a wish!
Grease a 1.5-litre pudding basin with butter and line the base with greaseproof paper. Spoon in the mixture, press down well and make a hollow with the back of the spoon in the centre. Cover the surface with a round of greaseproof paper, then cover the bowl with double-thickness greaseproof paper and foil and tie at the rim with string. Lower the pudding into a pan with an upturned saucer in the base, then fill with water until it comes halfway up the sides of the bowl. Steam for 6 hrs, topping up with water as necessary.
Alternatively, steam in the oven. Stand the pudding basin in a roasting tin filled with water, then cover with a tent of foil and cook for the same length of time at 160C/fan 140C/gas 3. Check roasting tin occasionally as the water may need to be topped up.
To store, allow to cool, then store in a cool, dry cupboard. The pudding will keep for up to a year.
On the day, steam for 1 hr before turning out, decorating with holly and serving with extra-thick double cream or vanilla ice cream. Alternatively, try my Orange custard cream (below).
Orange custard cream
Whip 285ml double cream with the grated zest ½ orange until it holds its shape. Fold in a 500ml tub fresh vanilla custard and serve.
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Comments, questions and tips
Comments (56)
fantastic pud. First attempt at making a christmas pudding and I will certainly use this recipie again next year. Very easy to make. I used luxury dried fruit including glace pineapple and dried apricots and I omitted the mixed peel as we are not so keen on this. cooked the pudding in the oven in a bain marie as suggested. So easy. Pudding turned out a treat. Loved the whole cherries and nuts. Not too dark a pudding but rich enough.Went well with the orange custard which is a suprisingly good accompaniement served cold
For the third year running this pudding got rave comments with a new audience. Pudding looks lighter than traditional Xmas pudding and the texture is lighter.
Added chopped hazlenuts -
Fed regulary with brandy the aroma is awesome.
Butter - just chopped up finely from the fridge- no problems.
A definite winner
I've never cooked a Christmas pud before, but now will never buy one again. This was so professional, far superior than a shop bought one. Tastes very Christmassy! I took it round to everyone so they could try, all agreed it was so good. I added pure orange juice instead of orange liqueur, 50g of dried cranberries and i'm not keen on almonds so used pecans instead. I then steamed it in a glass basin covered with foil in my slow cooker for 10 hours. So moist. Can't wait for Christmas to cook it again. Next Christmas I will be making them to give as presents.
I made this exactly as the recipe, the butter was a complete nightmare to grate. Might be worth trying grating it from chilled? I found the recipe enough to fill 4 600ml pudding dishes (that I got from Lakeland). I cooked mine in my slow cooker for about 8 hours. They were absolutely gorgeous, would definitely make again.
WOW - just made this pud - a bit late for this year but thought I'd give it a go anyway. It wouldn't all fit into the pudding basin that I've got so I made another smaller one (decided it'd be a good tester). It was delicious. So different from the shop bought ones (in a good way). I used cointreau as my orange liqueur and dried mixed fruit rather than separate raisins, currents, sultanas and peel. The alcohol content was just right - not too overpowering as some shop bought ones can be. So glad I decided to give it a go - so easy too. ;o)
Questions (7)
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text:
- Polyester construction
- Waterproof seat and legs from the knee down
- Removable knee pads
- Material breathes well to keep you cool
- Pockets for box calls, slate calls and strikers
Designed for the hardcore turkey hunter, these pants are loaded with features and can carry all your turkey hunting accessories. These features include a box call pocket, slate pocket, striker pocket, large cargo pocket and removable knee pads. The seat is waterproof as are the front of the legs from the knees down. These pants will keep you comfortable and hidden throughout the spring season and the gobblers won't even know your there.
Technical Information
Scent Control: No
Insulation: No
Fabric: Polyester
Waterproof: Yes, seat and front of legs below the knee
Windproof: No
Number of pockets: 6 pockets
Leg Zippers: No


text:
Hazel Creek
View Single Post
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: Springboro, OH
Posts: 314
Originally Posted by
Next month I have the opportunity to spend a few days on the famed creek.
I am reaching out to all on any advice i.e., feeder creeks worth not missing, places that most who visit might overlook but are a "must see" and anything that would fall into the category if you were to fish the area again what "would you do differently".
I am truly interested in the history of the area as much if not more than the fishing.
The dates are 10 - 13 October.
Any comments are greatly appreciated. If you don't want to post, please email me below.
There are 2 -3 spots still available.
Thank you in advance.
I have long wanted to try Hazel, but have yet had the opportunity to fish it. (I've done Eagle, Deep, Noland, Forney but not Hazel); I don't have any first hand advice to give. However I can advise you to do a little reading.
I can get down to the park only so often, so I read a lot about the park when I can't be there. This forum has many helpful people; but I think you will be able to obtain answers for the many unasked questions with some reference materials.
To find the feeder streams with ease, at 1:2100 scale (about 3 times greater than the Trails Illustrated maps); get Fred's maps of Hazel. He has 2 maps covering the area HCU and HCL, and there are a lot of marked up feeder streams on both.
I think picking up these books would be great for the history aspect in addition to providing details on the creek and feeders.
First and foremost would be a copy of Jim Casada's "
Fly Fishing in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: An Insider's Guide to a Pursuit of Passion"
He gets into the history quite a bit; this is much better better than just a fishing guide.
Another great book, if you can get your hands on it is Kenneth Wise's "Hiking Trails of the Great Smoky Mountains, A Comprehensive guide." Wise covers a lot of history, much better than the ubiquitous "Brown Book". It also includes trails that are no longer listed in the Brown Book; Breakneck Ridge is a prime example. Well used copies go for about $30; and there are listings for new copies for as much as $900. Jim Casada posted here seveal years back that Kenneth is working on a new edition. It will be on my bookshelf as soon as I hear of its existence.
Don Kirk and Greg Ward's recent "The Ultimate Fly-Fishing Guide To The Great Smoky Mountains" covers history well. Several people noted that the book didn't contain a whole lot of new material compared to Don's previous books. I have those books as well, and I think Greg's new contributions are a great compliment to Doug's work. If you have Don's other books, you might not want this one. If you don't have his other titles; go for it.
Ian Rutter's "Great Smoky Mountains National Park Angler's Companion." is pretty much all fishing, however it is an excellent book, and in my opinion has some of the best fishing advice available. Reading the book isn't going to be entertaining like those above; this is a technical reference
he amount of material that Ian put into some 60 pages is impressive. I suspect giving brief detailed advice to customers at Little River Outfitters years ago contributed to that.
Please post a report with lots of pictures; I won't be down again until November.
Last edited by mattblick; 09-12-2013 at
.. Reason: spelling
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