text:
Enter your Email address:
Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed
to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without
your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy.
Krewski, Daniel*; Lubin, Jay H.†; Zielinski, Jan M.*‡; Alavanja, Michael§; Catalan, Vanessa S.∥; Field, R William**¶; Klotz, Judith B.††; Létourneau, Ernest G.‡‡; Lynch, Charles F.¶; Lyon, Joseph I.§§; Sandler, Dale P.∥∥; Schoenberg, Janet B.††; Steck, Daniel J.¶¶; Stolwijk, Jan A.***; Weinberg, Clarice†††; Wilcox, Homer B.††
From the*McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; the †Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; the ‡Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; the §Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Washington, DC; the ∥Centre of Excellence for Children and Adolescents with Special Needs, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of ¶Epidemiology and **Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; ††Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Health and Senior Services, Trenton, New Jersey; the ‡‡Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Protection Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; the§§Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; the ∥∥Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; the ¶¶Department of Physics, St. John's University, Collegeville, Minnesota; the ***School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and the †††Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Submitted 14 October 2004; final version accepted 19 November 2004.
Salary support for R. W. Field, C. Lynch, and D. Steck provided in part by grant no. R01 CA85942 from US NCI and grant no. P30 ES05695 from U.S. NIEHS. Research supported by grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Additional support provided by Health Canada and the U.S. Department of Energy.
Supplemental material for this article is available with the online version of the Journal at www.epidem.com.
Correspondence: Daniel Krewski, McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, One Stewart Street, Room 320, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5. E-mail: email@example.com.
Background: Underground miners exposed to high levels of radon have an excess risk of lung cancer. Residential exposure to radon is at much lower levels, and the risk of lung cancer with residential exposure is less clear. We conducted a systematic analysis of pooled data from all North American residential radon studies.
Methods: The pooling project included original data from 7 North American case–control studies, all of which used long-term α-track detectors to assess residential radon concentrations. A total of 3662 cases and 4966 controls were retained for the analysis. We used conditional likelihood regression to estimate the excess risk of lung cancer.
Results: Odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer increased with residential radon concentration. The estimated OR after exposure to radon at a concentration of 100 Bq/m3 in the exposure time window 5 to 30 years before the index date was 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.28). This estimate is compatible with the estimate of 1.12 (1.02–1.25) predicted by downward extrapolation of the miner data. There was no evidence of heterogeneity of radon effects across studies. There was no apparent heterogeneity in the association by sex, educational level, type of respondent (proxy or self), or cigarette smoking, although there was some evidence of a decreasing radon-associated lung cancer risk with age. Analyses restricted to subsets of the data with presumed more accurate radon dosimetry resulted in increased estimates of risk.
Conclusions: These results provide direct evidence of an association between residential radon and lung cancer risk, a finding predicted using miner data and consistent with results from animal and in vitro studies.
Click on the links below to access all the ArticlePlus for this article.
Please note that ArticlePlus files may launch a viewer application outside of your web browser.
* http://links.lww.com/EDE/A125
* http://links.lww.com/EDE/A126
* http://links.lww.com/EDE/A127
Radon-222 is a decay product of radium-226 and ultimately of uranium-238 (2 elements that are ubiquitous in soils and rocks, thereby providing a continual source of radon). Radon can accumulate in enclosed areas such as underground mines and houses. When inhaled into the lung, alpha particles emitted by short-lived decay products of radon can damage cellular DNA. Cellular mutagenesis studies, experimental research in animals, and occupational epidemiologic studies have established radon as a human lung carcinogen.1,2
A combined analysis of lung cancer mortality among 11 cohorts of underground miners confirmed that high levels of exposure to radon are associated with increased lung cancer risk.3 A subsequent evaluation of updated miner data conducted by the National Research Council2 estimated that 10% to 15% of the 157,400 lung cancer deaths occurring annually in the United States may be attributed to residential radon, with an uncertainty range of 3300 to 32,000 deaths.4
Results of miner studies unambiguously demonstrate an excess risk of lung cancer resulting from occupational exposure to radon. However, differences in breathing characteristics of miners and residents at home are substantial, as are other differences between the mine and home environments.2 Although low-exposed miners experienced exposures comparable to long-term residence in high radon houses, the mean cumulative exposure among miners is approximately 30-fold higher than that associated with long-term residency in a typical home.2
A combined analysis of data from residential radon case–control studies would help to resolve ambiguity in the evidence of increased lung cancer risk at residential radon exposure levels.5 To date, 20 case–control studies of residential radon and lung cancer have been completed, including 7 studies in North America, 11 in Europe, and 2 in China (Table 1). Some of these studies reported a positive or weakly positive association between lung cancer risk and residential radon concentrations, whereas others have reported results consistent with no association. To date, no case–control study has reported a statistically significant negative association.
Based on results reported by the original investigators, the excess odds ratios for lung cancer at a radon concentration of 100 Bq/m3 ranged from −0.05 in Shenyang, China, to 0.56 in New Jersey (Table 1). Although excess odds ratios for all but 2 studies (West Germany and Shenyang, China) were positive, confidence limits included the null value of zero in all but 4 studies (Iowa, the Swedish national study, the Czech Republic, and Gansu, China). These results reflect a range of lung cancer risks, including the possibility of no risk, suggesting the need for an overall assessment of the findings from different studies.
Metaanalyses of published odds ratios from North American and other residential radon case–control studies found a statistically significant increase in lung cancer risk.6,7 However, the odds ratios in 13 studies included in the more recent metaanalysis exhibited heterogeneity among studies, possibly as a result of the inability to directly adjust for other confounding factors.
To better characterize results for these seemingly disparate studies, and to obtain direct estimates of potential lung cancer risks associated with radon in homes, we conducted a combined analysis of the original data from all North American case–control studies of residential radon and lung cancer, including studies in New Jersey,8,9 Winnipeg,10,11 Missouri nonsmoking women (denoted Missouri-I),12 Missouri women (Missouri-II),13 Iowa,14,15 and Connecticut and Utah–South Idaho.16 These studies included a total of 3662 cases and 4966 controls. The specific objectives of this combined analysis are to test the null hypothesis that residential radon does not increase risk of lung cancer, to evaluate the consistency of effects among the different studies, to evaluate variations in the exposure–response relationship with other lung cancer risk factors, and to compare risk estimates from the pooled residential data with extrapolations from miner-based risk models.
An overview of the studies included in the present combined analysis is provided in the appendix (available with the electronic version of this article). In all studies, cases were ascertained through state and provincial cancer registries and were histologically or cytologically confirmed. Controls were population-based, matched to cases on the basis of age (± 5 years) and sex (Iowa, Missouri-I, Missouri-II, and New Jersey included only females). Smoking status was used as a matching variable in Connecticut, Utah–South Idaho, and Missouri-II. Frequency matching or randomized recruitment17 was used for control selection, except in New Jersey and Winnipeg, where pair matching was used.
All studies used long-term α-track detectors to measure the concentration of radon progeny in indoor air for 12 months. Although the primary radon measurements in Missouri-II were made with a new technology that monitors alpha particles embedded in glass surfaces, we did not use these glass-based measurements in the present analysis to maintain comparable dosimetry among studies. In New Jersey, a small number of measurements (9%) made using short-term (3–7 days) charcoal canisters were also excluded from this analysis. Contemporaneous measurements were made in homes that subjects had occupied or were currently occupying; these measurements were used to estimate historical radon concentrations in those homes. Detectors were placed in the living area and bedroom areas of the home in which subjects had spent the majority of their time. The mean radon concentrations measured by α-track dosimeters in the living area were highest in Winnipeg (131 Bq/m3) and Iowa (127 Bq/m3) and lowest in New Jersey (25 Bq/m3). Becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3) is the SI measure of activity, with 1 Bq equaling 1 disintegration per second. Pico-curies per liter (pCi/L) is an historical unit still commonly used, with 1 pCi/L = 37 Bq/m3.
In most studies, an attempt was made to monitor homes occupied for at least 1 year within the exposure time window considered to be most directly related to lung cancer risk. In New Jersey, only the last residence occupied for at least 10 years during the exposure time window 10 to 30 years before recruitment was monitored. The Iowa study also measured only one home, but enrollment required occupancy for 20 years or more in the current home. Based on the extensive analysis of cohort studies conducted by the National Research Council,2 the present analysis is focused on the exposure time window 5 to 30 years before the index date. The proportion of time within this exposure time window covered by radon measurements ranged from 75.2% in Winnipeg to 92.4% in Iowa.
Data were aggregated using a common format. Information included age at index date (date of diagnosis for cases and date of interview or recruitment for controls), year of ascertainment, source of information (subject or proxy interview), sex, smoking-related variables, education, family income, ethnicity, and historical profiles of radon concentrations in houses based on detector measurements or on the original investigators' best estimates. All analyses were conducted using conditional likelihood regression18 with a linear model for the odds ratio (OR) of the form OR(x) = 1 + β x, where x is the mean residential radon concentration in the exposure time window2 in Bq/m3 and β is the excess odds ratio for each unit increase in x. This model was fit with the PECAN module in the Epicure software package using the conditional analytic method of parameter estimation.19 Results are based on the best estimates of radon concentrations, including both measured and imputed radon values supplied by the collaborating investigators. (There was virtually no difference in the estimated excess odds ratios when the imputed values provided by the collaborating investigators were replaced with imputed values corresponding to the study-specific control means, as recommended by Weinberg et al.20) We stratified baseline risk by sex, age at index date (<60, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75+ years), number of cigarettes smoked per day (never-smoker, 1–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30+), duration of cigarette smoking (never, 1–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45+ years), number of residences occupied (<3, 3+), years with α-track monitoring within the exposure time window (<20, 20+ years), and an indicator variable for each study to control for confounding. We also included an offset parameter to control for the randomized recruitment design in the Connecticut, Utah–South Idaho, and Missouri-II studies.
Although our main analyses are based on the full dataset comprising 3662 cases and 4966 controls, we also analyzed restricted datasets. Restrictions focused on subjects for which measured, rather than imputed, radon concentrations were used for dosimetry21 and on subjects who occupied only 1 or 2 residences. The latter restriction potentially offsets both the reduction in the range of exposures conferred by population mobility5,22,23 and exposure measurement error associated with the monitoring of former residences. Data restrictions were imposed under the assumption that the restrictions resulted in more accurate radon dosimetry. The restricted datasets involved fewer subjects; for example, there were 1910 cases and 2651 controls in the subgroup of subjects for which measured rather than imputed radon concentrations were available for at least 20 years within the exposure time window of interest and who had occupied, at most, 2 residences.
The majority of the study subjects (86%) had some secondary school or higher education. Among cases, 38% were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, 22% with squamous cell carcinoma, and 16% with small/oat cell carcinoma. Because 4 studies (Iowa, Missouri-I, Missouri-II and New Jersey) enrolled only women (who typically spent more time in the home than men), the database includes more women (2556 cases and 3596 controls) than men (1106 cases and 1370 controls). Smoking status varied among the study participants; although some studies were restricted to nonsmoking cases, the majority of cases were smokers.
Table 2 shows estimated odds ratios for lung cancer by categories of mean radon concentration and the excess odds ratio at 100 Bq/m3, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The excess odds ratio for individual studies ranged from 0.01 (<0.00–0.42) in Missouri-I to 0.56 (−0.22–2.97) per 100 Bq/m3 in New Jersey but did not demonstrate heterogeneity (P = 0.59). The overall results are also presented in Figure 1, where the abscissa of each category-specific odds ratio is the mean radon concentration within its category. Odds ratios exhibit no apparent evidence of nonlinearity throughout the range of radon concentrations observed in these studies.
We also examined potential modifying effects of demographic and smoking-related factors (Table 3). There was no apparent heterogeneity in the excess odds ratio estimates by sex (P = 0.21) or educational level (P = 0.23), although there was some evidence of decreasing radon-associated lung cancer risk with age (P = 0.09). Overall, 57% of case information was derived from the subjects themselves rather than proxies. The excess odds ratio was higher when information was obtained from the subject rather than from a proxy. There were no substantial differences in the excess odds ratios by categories of cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.94), duration of cigarette smoking (P = 0.55), or time since quitting smoking (P = 0.89).
The histologic type of lung cancer was available for all but 166 lung cancer cases. There was a preponderance of adenocarcinomas (1380 of 3662 cases) as a result of the emphasis on women and (current) nonsmokers within several of the case series. The largest excess odds ratio (0.23 per 100 Bq/m3) was observed for small cell carcinoma, although the confidence limits overlapped with other histologic types of lung cancer (Table 4). Only lesions of unknown histology failed to demonstrate a positive excess odds ratio (−0.16 per 100 Bq/m3). Because of the reduced number of subjects, all of the confidence limits for the excess odds ratios for specific histologic types of lung cancer included zero. Similar results were obtained when cases were restricted by sex.
Table 5 illustrates the consequences of increasingly stringent restrictions on radon dosimetry based on increasing the number of years in the 5- to 30-year exposure time window for which radon measurements were available using α-track monitors and limiting the number of residences occupied by the study subjects. With either no restrictions on mobility or limiting the analysis to subjects who lived in 1 or 2 homes, the excess odds ratios increased with increasing number of years monitored. Excess odds ratios were uniformly larger when data were restricted to subjects living in 1 or 2 houses as compared with no restriction on mobility.
Although radon is one of the most extensively investigated human lung carcinogens, the weight of evidence for radon carcinogenicity derives largely from occupational studies of underground miners24 exposed to much higher radon levels than those typically encountered in homes. There are also marked differences between the conditions of exposure in mines and in houses. These differences include the relative proportion of radon itself to its decay products (which affects the amount of energy deposited in the lung), respiratory rate (which affects the rate radon and its decay products are inhaled and retained in the lung), and particle size distributions (which affect the fraction of radon progeny attached to particles and the depth of penetration and site of deposition within the lung). All of these factors complicate the direct extrapolation of occupational data on radon lung cancer risks to residential settings.2,25
Laboratory studies have shown direct damage of cellular DNA after the traversal of cultured mammalian cells by single alpha particles and provide direct evidence of the potential for radon carcinogenicity at low levels of exposure.2,26 Indirect genotoxic effects of radon (including mutation and micronucleated cells) and nongenotoxic effects of radon (including sister chromatid exchange and cellular proliferation) may play a role in carcinogenesis and have been demonstrated in unexposed cells in the neighborhood of cells irradiated with alpha particles.27 Occupational studies have also demonstrated an inverse dose-rate effect of radon,28,29 which results in higher lung cancer risks when the same cumulative exposure is experienced over a longer period of time.
The National Research Council2 has estimated that residential radon may account for 10% to 15% of the lung cancer burden in the United States. However, there has been no unambiguous direct evidence of an increased lung cancer risk associated with residential exposures. The present pooled analysis has several strengths. It provides the largest aggregation of data on residential radon lung cancer risks to date. Radon dosimetry was based on long-term α-track monitors placed in current and former homes of the study subjects. Case and control selection was population-based, and we had histologic or pathologic confirmation of case diagnosis. Finally, the studies included a wide range in residential radon exposures and data on modifying factors, including age, sex, and smoking.
The analysis is inherently limited by the quality and reporting of the original residential radon studies, as well as the need for a common data format. For example, in the interest of comparability across studies, we used air radon measurements in living areas to characterize exposure in the Iowa study, even though those investigators had detailed radon measurements both inside and outside the house with links to historical patterns of mobility.14 Results for specific histologic types of lung cancer also require cautious interpretation because only the Missouri and Iowa studies obtained consensus diagnoses by a panel of blinded expert pathologists. Brownson et al.30 observed overall concordance between original histologic diagnoses of lung cancer and a consensus histopathologic review of only 66%.
Overall, the odds ratios for lung cancer increased with increasing radon exposure categories, with an odds ratio of 1.37 (0.98–1.92) for concentrations exceeding 200 Bq/m3 relative to concentrations under 25 Bq/m3. The overall estimate of the excess odds ratio for lung cancer was 0.11 (0.00–0.28) per 100 Bq/m3. Restrictions that increased coverage of the exposure time window resulted in increasing excess odds ratios. For example, those subjects who had resided in only 1 or 2 houses in the period 5 to 30 years before recruitment with at least 20 years covered by α-track monitors had an excess odds ratio of 0.18 (0.02–0.43) per 100 Bq/m3.
It is possible that the findings for the restricted data were the consequence of differentially excluding participants in the negative studies. To explore this, we examined the proportions of cases and controls from each study who contributed to the combined risk estimates. There were slightly larger proportions of subjects from Iowa (cases and controls) and Connecticut (cases only) with increasing stringency of restrictions, smaller proportions from Missouri-II and Winnipeg and similar proportions from Missouri-I, New Jersey, and Utah–South Idaho. Overall, however, there was little indication that the increasing excess odds ratios in Table 5 are the result of differential contributions from particular studies.
Our overall excess odds ratio estimate of 0.11 is consistent with the predicted excess odds ratio of 0.12 (0.02–0.25) per 100 Bq/m3 based on a linear model developed by the National Research Council2 using data on low-exposed miners whose exposures were similar to long-term residents of high radon homes; similar risk projections were also obtained from risk models derived from the full range of miner data by the National Research Council. The consistency of the residential estimates of risk with the results from data on all miners and low-exposed miners increases the confidence that current radon estimates are not the result of unknown latent factors such as confounding or study-specific biases.
The residential radon measurements in these case–control studies are subject to measurement error. No formal adjustment for this source of error was attempted. Such adjustments require repeated radon measurement in the same home, which were generally not available. Adjustment for exposure measurement error in studies conducted in South West England,31 Sweden,32 and Gansu, China33 resulted in an increase in the estimated excess odds ratio of 50% or more. Our restricted analyses of the 7 North American case–control studies resulted in an increase in the estimated excess odds ratio of approximately 50%, most likely by reducing exposure misclassification. Although the increased risks observed in the subset analyses may be attributable to some unidentified systematic or differential bias, we are unaware of specific sources of bias that could affect our analyses. In most case–control studies, nondifferential misclassification of exposure results in a bias toward the null.34–36 Field et al.37 have recently demonstrated that empiric models with improved retrospective radon exposure estimates were more likely to detect an association between prolonged residential radon exposure and lung cancer.
Collectively, our results provide direct evidence of an association between residential radon exposure and lung cancer, a finding predicted by downward extrapolation of epidemiologic data on underground miners exposed to higher levels of radon and consistent with toxicologic results from animal and in vitro studies. Additional support for this conclusion has been provided by a combined analysis of the 2 Chinese case–control studies,38 involving a total of 1050 cases and 1996 controls. Further information on residential radon lung cancer risks will be provided by an ongoing analysis of European case–control studies,39 to be followed by a global combined analysis of all residential radon case–control studies.
We acknowledge the helpful input of the following persons who served on the International Steering Committee for the North American combined analysis: Ken Chadwick (Commission of European Communities, Radiation Protection Program), Susan Conrath (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), Sarah Darby (Oxford University), Evan Douple (U.S. National Academy of Sciences), Colin Muirhead (U.K. National Radiation Protection Board), and Susan Rose (U.S. Department of Energy). We are grateful to Huixia Jiang for assistance with the combined analysis.
This article has been cited 11 time(s).
© 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Colleague's E-mail is Invalid
Your Name: (optional)
Your Email:
Colleague's Email:
Separate multiple e-mails with a (;).
Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Epidemiology.
Send a copy to your email
Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague.
Some error has occurred while processing your request. Please try after some time.
An Existing Folder
A New Folder
Folder Name:
The item(s) has been successfully added to "".
Login with your LWW Journals username and password.
Username or Email:
Forgot Password?
Enter and submit the email address you registered with. An email with instructions to reset your password will be sent to that address.
Link to reset your password has been sent to specified email address.
What does "Remember me" mean?
By checking this box, you'll stay logged in until you logout. You'll get easier access to your articles, collections,
media, and all your other content, even if you close your browser or shut down your
To protect your most sensitive data and activities (like changing your password),
we'll ask you to re-enter your password when you access these services.
What if I'm on a computer that I share with others?
If you're using a public computer or you share this computer with others, we recommend
that you uncheck the "Remember me" box.
Save my selection
Article Level Metrics


text:
Bloomberg is audaciously hopeful
Posted by Evan Herrnstadt on December 14, 2007
In his speech at the Bali conference, Michael Bloomberg described a cap-and-trade system as vulnerable to "special interests, corruption, and inefficiencies," and called for a tax in its stead. There have been numerous posts here at CT weighing the merits and deficiencies of taxes against those of a cap-and-trade system, so I'm not going to try to expand or improve upon those.
However, a major argument raised against a carbon tax is that of political intractability. Bloomberg attempted to address this major weakness of his policy:
He said most experts would agree that carbon taxes are "a very difficult political lift," since they would probably boost costs for energy consumers. "But that's what leadership is all about, and we need leaders around the world who get things done," the New York City mayor said.
First off, a cap-and-trade, unless full auctioning occurs, is also likely to raise costs for energy consumers. Second, is it just me, or do politicians put far too much stock in their own ability to lead America to greatness? Obviously we need to elect people who have vision on important issues, but choosing realistic policies is also a big part of being an effective leader. Regardless, with Chris Dodd largely out of contention, it would be interesting to see Bloomberg jump in the Presidential race. He could inject the cap-and-trade vs. carbon tax debate into national politics. Jumping right to that dicussion in a general election (especially one in which two major candidates are discussing it) might cast mandatory carbon mitigation as an inevitability.
H/T: Mankiw.
5 Responses to "Bloomberg is audaciously hopeful"
December 18, 2007 at 11:42 pm
As long as you're spelling his name right.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Before NISMART 1, there was no single reliable source of information about episodes involving missing children. NISMART 1 provided the first nationally representative, comprehensive data on the incidence of missing children events. It also made other important contributions to the scientific measurement of the problem. For instance, it provided clear, multilayered definitions of the missing children problem (e.g., how to define episodes of various types and how to distinguish serious from nonserious cases) resulting in five major categories and provided detailed estimates of the numbers for each type of episode.
No single research strategy can provide all the data needed to generate a comprehensive picture of the problem of missing children. Therefore, NISMART 1 included seven distinct data collection and data analysis efforts: a large telephone survey of households, a study of family networks, a survey of youth residential facilities, a study of returned runaways, a survey of police records, a reanalysis of Federal Bureau of Investigation data on child homicides, and a reanalysis of data from the Study of the National Incidence and Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect, conducted by Westat in 1986. The results of this work are discussed in many of the documents in the list of references at the end of this Bulletin.
After NISMART 1 was completed, OJJDP began to plan for NISMART 2 by reviewing and revising the research methods, definitions, and concepts that were used in NISMART 1. The major planning activities for NISMART 2 included:
This planning activity revised and extended the approach, methodology, and concepts used by NISMART 1 to improve NISMART 2. For example, NISMART 1 provided data on five main categories of missing children episodesrunaways, thrownaways, children missing due to nonfamily abductions, children missing due to family abductions, and lost or otherwise missing children. These five categories of missing children were revised and expanded to eight in NISMART 2. The researchers combined the runaway/thrownaway category; preserved the nonfamily abduction category, including stereotypical child kidnaping; distinguished custodial interference situations from more serious family abductions; distinguished episodes that result from a child being lost from those in which a child is injured; and added a category of missing episodes that result from a simple miscommunication in which the child was not, in fact, in any danger. In order to capture information on sexual exploitation, researchers studied children who were sexually assaulted. While children in this eighth category are not necessarily missing, they share important risk factors with missing children.
Who Is a Missing Child?
To the general public, the definition of a missing child may seem relatively simple: a child who is missing from home. However, the researchers conducting these studies realized that in order to measure "missingness" as accurately and as comprehensively as possible, they needed to define the concept more specifically. Based on the NISMART 1 experience and consultations with experts on the problem of missing children, the researchers developed the following working definitions for the eight main categories of children being studied.


text:
Idaho Statutes
50-1703. Powers conferred. (a) The governing body of any municipality shall have power to make or cause to be made any one (1) or more or combination of the following improvements:
(1) To establish grades and lay out, establish, open, extend and widen any local, collector, arterial or other street, sidewalk, alley or off-street parking facility;
(2) To purchase, acquire, construct, improve, repair, light, grade, pave, repave, surface, resurface, curb, gutter, sewer, drain, landscape and beautify any street, sidewalk or alley;
(3) To purchase, construct, reconstruct, extend, maintain or repair bridges, sidewalks, crosswalks, driveways, culverts, sanitary sewers, storm sewers, ditches, drains, conduits, flood barriers and channels for sanitary and drainage purposes, or either or both thereof, with inlets or outlets, manholes, catch basins, flush tanks, treatment systems and all other sewer and drainage appurtenances necessary for the comfort, convenience, health and well-being of the inhabitants of the municipality; provided, that any improvements for sanitary sewer facilities shall be constructed so as to conform with the general rules of the Idaho department of environmental quality;
(4) To construct, reconstruct, extend, maintain, or repair lines, facilities and equipment (other than generating equipment) for street lighting purposes or for the expansion or improvement of a previously established municipally-owned electrical distribution system, to a district within the boundaries of the municipality;
(5) To plant, or cause to be planted, set out, cultivate and maintain lawns, shade trees or other landscaping;
(6) To cover, fence, safeguard or enclose reservoirs, canals, ditches and watercourses and to construct, reconstruct, extend, line or reline, maintain and repair waterworks, reservoirs, canals, ditches, pipes, mains, hydrants, and other water facilities for the purpose of supplying water for domestic, irrigation and fire protection purposes, or any of them; regulating, controlling or distributing the same and regulating and controlling water and watercourses leading into the municipality;
(7) To acquire, construct, reconstruct, extend, maintain or repair parking lots or other facilities for the parking of vehicles on or off streets;
(8) To acquire, construct, reconstruct, extend, maintain or repair parks and other recreational facilities;
(9) To remove any nonconforming existing facility or structure in the areas to be improved;
(10) To construct, reconstruct, extend, maintain or repair optional improvements;
(11) To acquire by purchase, gift, condemnation, or otherwise any real or personal property within the limits of the municipality as in the judgment of the council may be necessary or convenient in order to make any of such improvements or otherwise to carry out the purposes of this chapter;
(12) To make any other improvements now or hereafter authorized by any other law, the cost of which in whole or in part can properly be determined to be of particular benefit to a particular area within the municipality;
(13) To construct and install all such structures, equipment and other items and to do all such other work and to incur any such costs and expenses as may be necessary or appropriate to complete any of such improvements in a proper manner;
(14) To purchase, build, construct, reconstruct or otherwise improve parking facilities and all other appurtenances necessary to provide adequate off-street parking, and to that end may acquire real or personal property by purchase, gift, condemnation or otherwise, and may own, possess and maintain such real or personal property within the limits of the municipality as in the judgment of the council may be necessary and convenient for such purposes; and
(15) To acquire, purchase, build, construct or reconstruct irrigation systems, install underground tiling and cover open irrigation ditches.
(b) For the purpose of making and paying for all or a part of the cost of any of such improvements (including optional improvements), the governing body of a municipality may create local improvement districts within the municipality, levy assessments on the property within such a district which is benefited by the making of the improvements and issue interim or registered warrants and local improvement bonds as provided in this chapter.


text:
Philosophy and philosophical enquiries are relevant in some shape or form to many aspects of everyday life, for example our treatment of the environment, the rapidity of today's technological progress, whether animals should have rights and if so how they should compare to ours. Philosophy also encompasses questions about the existence of God, how life is sustained on earth, and even at what point should the Government intrude on a person's freedom. This album introduces the study of philosophy and the human situation, and contains talks and debates from leading philosophical thinkers and teachers, past and present. This material forms part of The Open University course A211 Philosophy and the human situation.
- Duration 4 hours 30 mins
- Updated Tuesday 23rd June 2009
- Intermediate level
- Posted under History & The Arts, Philosophy
Track 1: Philosophy and the human situation
An introduction to this album
© The Open University 2009
- Read a transcript of this track - you'll need a PDF viewer, such as Adobe's free Adobe Reader
- Download this track from iTunes U - you'll need Apple's free iTunes software
- See details of the Open University course this album comes from
- Discover more from The Open University and iTunesU at open.edu/itunes
Tracks in this podcast:
|Philosophy and the human situation
|An introduction to this album Play now Philosophy and the human situation
|Liberty and Offence
|Philosophy professor Jonathan Wolff discusses 19th century classical liberal thinker John Stuart Mill's famous 'harm' principle Play now Liberty and Offence
|Rousseau and Positive Freedom
|Philosophy lecturer Derek Matravers explains 18th century philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau's line of thought in his great work, The Social Contract Play now Rousseau and Positive Freedom
|Pro- and Anti-Regan Debate
|Rosalind Hursthouse and Derek Matravers cover, in the form of a debate, the Regan argument developed by Tom Regan, animal rights professor. Play now Pro- and Anti-Regan Debate
|Ethics, Animals, and the Environment
|Oxford University Philosophy Professor Roger Crisp discusses specific moral questions concerning ethics, animals and the environment Play now Ethics, Animals, and the Environment
|Influential philosopher of aesthetics Ronald Hepburn explains in his talk, 'Wonder', why wonder has haunted him over many decades Play now Wonder
|Who Is The Earth?
|Moral philosopher Mary Midgley delivers a talk concerning differing and changing attitudes to our planet and our environmental responsibilities Play now Who Is The Earth?
|Taking Stock
|Bioethicist Janet Radcliffe Richards gives a talk entitled 'Taking Stock' focusing on the definition of philosophy and problems surrounding study of the subject Play now Taking Stock
|Artificial Intelligence
|Philosophy professor Tim Crane explains what he sees to be the main philosophical issues in the area of Artificial Intelligence Play now Artificial Intelligence
|The New Argument from Design
|Physics professor Russell Stannard re-examines the claim he made 10 years ago about the way the universe seems mysteriously to have been geared up for producing life Play now The New Argument from Design
|Faith and Reason
|Calvinist theologian Paul Helm argues that differences between one religion and another, or between some religion and no religion, can be rationally held Play now Faith and Reason
|Environmental Values
|Philosophy lecturer Chris Belshaw discusses environmental philosophy and distinguishes between ways in which it has been claimed that aspects of the environment can be valuable Play now Environmental Values
|Functionalism about the mind
|Philosophy lecturer Alex Barber discusses two materialist positions - mind-brain identity theory and behaviourism – out of which functionalism developed in the last century Play now Functionalism about the mind
|Play now
More like this
We invite you to discuss this subject, but remember this is a public forum.
Please be polite, and avoid your passions turning into contempt for others. We may delete posts that are rude or aggressive; or edit posts containing contact details or links to other websites.
Be the first to post a comment
Copyright & revisions
Publication details
Originally published: Tuesday, 23rd June 2009
Copyright information
- Body text - Content: Copyright The Open University
- Audio/Video tracks: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 The Open University 2009
If you enjoyed this, why not follow a feed to find out when we have new things like it? Choose an RSS feed from the list below. (Don't know what to do with RSS feeds?)
Remember, you can also make your own, personal feed by combining tags from around OpenLearn.
- Latest OpenLearn pages
- Latest pages by The iTunes U team
- Latest pages from OpenLearn - History & The Arts
- Latest pages from OpenLearn - Philosophy
- Latest pages tagged - human
- Latest pages tagged - philosophy
- Latest pages tagged - animals
- Latest pages tagged - debates
- Latest pages tagged - Earth
- Latest pages tagged - environment
- Latest pages tagged - forms
- Latest pages tagged - freedom
- Latest pages tagged - God
- Latest pages tagged - government
- Latest comments on this page


text: Calling Patriots Nation... Im a Pats fan in Ireland and want to watch the Pats-Bengals game this weekend but its unavailable over here!! Anyone know the best way to see the game or know any sites to watch it on? It costs $280 for NFL Game access on NFL.com and I cant afford this. Huge Pats fan and just want to watch the game!! Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated!


text:
Jump directly to a section:
Identity Standards (PDF)
Identity Standards
Other University Marks
The SIU Seal
The Southern Illinois University Seal represents activities of the SIU System and is used by both SIU Edwardsville and SIU Carbondale. It features Old Main, one of the original buildings on SIUC's campus that was destroyed by fire in 1970, and the Latin words Deo Volente, which translates "God willing."
The Seal is used for formal documents such as diplomas and commencement materials and for materials from the Office of the President. Use on merchandise requires approval through Collegiate Licensing and approval by SIUC University Communications for uses related to SIUC.
SIU Carbondale Logo
The Southern Illinois University Carbondale Logo is the approved standard graphic element for the Southern Illinois University Carbondale campus. For more information about the SIU Carbondale Logo please visit
Athletics uses a separate identifier to advance SIUC sports teams. Athletics departments at universities historically use sports logos that incorporate mascots and school colors.


text:
Home to some of the prettiest natural settings El Paso has to offer, the El Paso Desert Botanical Garden is a beautiful location for an outdoor wedding of any size.
read more
Wedding Bug makes capturing your story -- professionally, artfully and completely -- within reach and real easy. Wedding Bug has coverage for any bride & groom wishing to capture the story of their special day through live footage. There's nothing else like it!
Dreams are possible with The Pros Weddings! Our Video packages are designed with you in mind, offering everything from basic coverage to Custom Editing options and HD options. Whether you are looking for a short Vignette to show off the highlights, or an Episode Length video to tell your full ...
We offer a wide variety of plans that will fit your style and your budget for your wedding.
Each video session is custom made to meet your individual need. We take an artistic approach to every video assignment.
Sie7e Weddings is the result of two photographers who fell in love with each other and creating photographic art together in the El Paso, Texas area.
Capture your wedding day, the beginning of your story together with Avista Video Histories, the masters of documenting family histories and lives.
Amigo Productions offers professional and inexpensive wedding videography in the Albuquerque area. Let us turn your wedding into a memory that will last a lifetime.
From the first guests arriving, to the radiant bride walking down the aisle, have it all saved on our videos for generations to come.
Wedding Photography & Film
Award Winning Video and Photography's mission is to create unique and one of a kind videos for each client.
Luminance Wedding Films offers Cinematic HD wedding films. Our artistic style of filming and unique story building approach in our editing delivers you a film that is not just to be watched, but to be experienced.
Wedding stories told in a documentary-artistic style. We are located between Santa Fe and Albuquerque. Real Life. Captured. See our wedding sample clips online.
Wedding stories told in a documentary-artistic style. We are located between Santa Fe and Albuquerque. Real Life. Captured. See our wedding sample clips online.
Hand-crafted wedding and engagement films that tell your love story. Servicing Tucson, Phoenix, & Flagstaff. http://www.csmweddingfilms.com
BURLESON PRODUCTIONS is a video production studio which is independently owned and operated by Edward and Camelia Burleson. We specialize in Capturing The Special Moments of people's lives. We provide professional vidoegraphy services for couples in the Tucson, Phoenix, Sedona, and most areas of Arizona.
Welcome to E-motions Video! We know what it takes to produce memories that will last a lifetime. Whether is wedding video or photography we will make sure that you receive the highest quality services at a price that you can afford. Wedding video is our passion and we take great pride in doing it right the first time.
New Era Video has been producing exceptional Tucson Wedding Videos since 2004. All of our packages include NO TIME LIMITS. Get a Facebook trailer the day after your wedding for all your friends and family to see. The Photo Bomb Photo Booth will add a special element no other video company can offer.
With over 25 years of video experience, A Personal Reality Video can provide for all your personal and professional video production needs. Friendly and affordable,Now you have a friend in video.
Your wedding is a time that you will want to cherish and remember always. Beyond Video will create an unforgettable keepsake of your special day.
D. James Videography provides the highest quality wedding video in Arizona. It's not just video, but a fully cinematic experience. Providing wedding videos in the Tucson and Phoenix areas.
I am a videographer located in New Mexico. I offer on-site audio and video services.
We know that the day belongs to the bride and groom. We always plan how you want your video to look like. The video is a story and we want it to fit your taste.


text:
Some cookies on this site are essential, and the site won't work as expected without them. These cookies are set when you submit a form, login or interact with the site by doing something that goes beyond clicking on simple links.
We also use some non-essential cookies to anonymously track visitors or enhance your experience of the site.
To control third party cookies, you can also adjust your browser settings.
By using our site you accept the terms of our Privacy Policy.
Mobile devices and their rapid development are already helping busy professionals to conduct business and manage their personal lives on the move. But what key technologies are driving the mobile revolution, what happens next, and what are the security implications?
Sophos products may not be exported to Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, or Sudan.
For further export information for Sophos products,
please see: http://www.sophos.com/en-us/legal/export.aspx
- 2016
Sophos Ltd. Todos los derechos reservados.


text:
Curchods are a multi award winning estate agents in Surrey, winners of best 'Multi-branch Independent Estate Agent' in Surrey - as voted for by the public in the 2013 and 2014 Surrey Property Awards.
Consistently high customer service is the bedrock of why we won the award, it is this consistency that has taken us to where we are today, both in terms of the award, but also in the excellent reputation we have with the public and our peers alike.
If you are looking to move, simply come and have a chat with Surrey's best.
Why choose Curchods Walton to sell your property?
Because we are, and have been for many years, the most effective selling agent in Walton-on-Thames.
Whilst we can boast great local advertising, lots of For Sale and Sold boards and a great Internet presence are responsible for our success, they are only part of the story.
The biggest single reason why we are so effective is because we have fantastic staff who offer an outstanding level of passion, care, dedication and effort to our customers. Between them they have over 100 years of experience of the property market in Walton-on-Thames. They are passionate, focused and very business minded in all they do. But they never forget that our business is all about people.
What we do best, is take care of people and their needs whilst on the journey of moving home.
We cant prove this by writing words. We need you to engage us to act for you in the sale of your property so that we can demonstrate just how thoroughly we support you.
Ask us round to give you a valuation of your home. We will also give you an outline of what we consider is the best course of action for your move when we know specifically what it is you want to achieve.
Our advice is free but very valuable. Talk to one of the team today.
79 High Street, Walton-On-Thames, KT12 1DN


text:
Editor's Note: Shane Whittle has become a regular contributor to ILGear.com, frequently appearing in the Stringers Spotlight. Shane returns with a silver Under Armour Charge strung with a custom piece of Jimalax's American Mesh from the JimaLAB.
Here, we have a factory silver Under Armour Charge with Jimalax's American mesh with a Guru fade from the JimaLAB. I was extremely excited to string this pocket. I decided to keep this one very simple by going with an all-grey color scheme for the string, which is from Jimalax also.
I took advantage of the larger top string holes on the UA Charge and did a hybrid top string that combined your stereotypical hitch knot top with a liberty top string. The liberty top string looks like a normal triangle top string from front of the head, but if you look closely, there are triangles on both sides of the scoop. The mesh holes on Jimalax's American mesh are much smaller than normal ten-diamond mesh, which allowed me to use more mesh holes along the sidewalls, creating a deep pocket. About a 1/2 ratio between the two mesh types. When stringing smaller diamond meshes, you have to be generous with the number of mesh holes you use; don't be shy to have several "double-ups" and even a "triple-up" here and there.
The sidewalls on this pocket are strung to the inside using floating knots. I feel that floating knots act exactly as interlocks and even overhand knots; you just have to pull the mesh down far enough and prevent it from shifting. I don't believe in shifting between knot styles when stringing mesh pockets unless it is absolutely necessary. Staying consistent with the same knot throughout the whole pocket can create a smoother, better looking channel with no awkward bumps or transitions between the mesh.
I pulled the bottom string as tight as I could to define the pocket more. People tend to forget how crucial the bottom string is to a mesh pocket; it can make or break your pocket. A pocket with too long of a bottom string can become too shifty and shallow as not enough mesh was used to create the pocket. The same goes for a pocket with too tight of a bottom string; it doesn't allow the mesh to properly flex, which makes it too taut, possibly tearing the diamonds. A happy medium needs to be met, and I achieved that with this pocket.
I continued the grey color scheme with the shooting strings. I started with a braided nylon on the third row from the top with two straight shooters a diamond apart underneath. I topped it off with a four-diamond U. This is a pretty firm pocket that could easily be used at any position, but I see it ideal for an attackman, especially a feeder. I thoroughly enjoyed stringing this pocket and am beyond pleased with the outcome.
To see more of my work, visit my section on ILGear.com. If you'd like to inquire about my stringing, dyeing and vintage stick-restoration services (check out a sample of that here), you can email me at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can see more of my work on my Instagram account (@shane_whittle).To see all of the work featured in the Stringers Spotlight, visit the archives. To see more content from Under Armour and Team 22, get caught up here. Want to learn more about Jimalax and the company's products? Visit the Jimalax website and check out our archives for more from Jimalax.


text:
About Adiedee : Hello there.
Adiedee's FML badges
I agree, their lives suck
200 votes confirming that their life is crap. It's what the website is all about.
You've now voted that they totally deserved it more than 100 times.
Keen reader – Level: master ninja
You have voted for 50% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.
Adiedee's favorite FMLs
Today, my two year old girl said "motherfucker". Everyone laughed, even her grandparents. Our family is insane. FML
by Noname / 12/03/2008 at 11:39pm / Kids
Today, my girlfriend told me that I was irrationally jealous. I've just learnt that she has a website where she masturbates in front of a webcam. FML
by Maestro / 12/01/2008 at 1:09am / Intimacy
Today, I heard my next door neighbour screaming as if someone was trying to slice her throat. Her window was open. Intrigued, I went onto my balcony and asked if everything was okay, and if she needed anything. She and her boyfriend shout back in unison: "We're F*ing, go away". FML
by ehbe / 11/27/2008 at 3:52am / Intimacy
Today, I went to rent a DVD with my 85-year-old grandpa. I was walking around and then realized I was alone. I looked for him for quite a while until I finally found him open-mouthed in the porn section. FML
by Kourou / 11/21/2008 at 7:53am / Miscellaneous
Today, I was on a date with my new boyfriend. I acted very flirty and laughed very loudly to show him how funny he was. I laughed so loudly that I farted. FML
by elsaza / 11/18/2008 at 7:16am / Love
Today, I woke up next to my girlfriend, but in fact, it wasn't her. FML
by Anonymous / 10/13/2008 at 4:25am / Love
- Today, after months of patiently waiting, I finally got my roommates out of the house for the night… Today, I jokingly told my boyfriend he was like an animal in bed. He responded saying I was like a… Today, I finally got the chance to sleep with a girl from home who I'd wanted for a long time. She…


text:
Sasha Delavega
This guy's GF has the huge, juicy ass Latina girls are famous for. It's so big and ripe he can't help himself from filming it, even while they move apartments. He teases her all day, then once she's all riled up, he throws her down and fucks her.
89 %
58503 views - Jun 17, 2013


text:
Stephen Starr, the multiconcept operator whose trendsetting restaurants are widely credited with helping change Philadelphia's culinary landscape, has been selected by Restaurant Hospitality magazine as the 2013 recipient of its Richard Melman Innovator of the Year Award. He will be honored during the MUFSO Super Show in Dallas Sept. 30. "We are so excited about giving this year's Melman Award to Stephen Starr," said Michael Sanson, Restaurant Hospitality's ...
Register to view this article
It's free but we need to know a little about you to continually improve our content.
Why Register?
Registering allows you to unlock a portion of our premium online content. You can access more in-depth stories and analysis, as well as news not found on any other website or any other media outlet. You also get free eNewsletters, blogs, real-time polls, archives and more.
Attention Print Subscribers: While you have already been granted free access to NRN we ask that you register now.We promise it will only take a few minutes!
Questions about your account or how to access content?
Contact:Desiree email@example.com


text:
Amon Amarth
Metal Blade to re-issue the first two Amon Amarth albums 'Once Sent from the Golden Hall' and 'The Avenger' on vinyl as part of their Originals-series! Both out January, 27th!Read More
Downfall of Gaia
Now Downfall of Gaia has announced a full European run in support of 'Atrophy'! They will head out together with Conan to give 'Atrophy' to the masses!Read More
Armored Saint
For a preview of 'Carpe Noctum', a live video of 'Aftermath' from the Aschaffenburg show can be viewed at metalblade.com/armoredsaint - where the new Metal Blade pre-order for 'Carpe Noctum' has also been launched.Read More
Irish Pagan Metallers Primordial have announced the release of the first live album in the bands history. Please surf now over to the website of Rock Hard Germany to check out the live version of 'Wield Lightning to Split the Sun'.Read More
Coming January 13th, 2017, the Immolation albums 'Close to a World Below', 'Failures for Gods' and 'Here in After' will be available again on vinyl in the best versions as of yet!Read More
New Releases
New Releases
Latest News
REVOCATION officially announce Ash Pearson as new drummer
- 26/06/15 – REVOCATION are happy to officially confirm drummer Ash...Read More
CUT UP are streaming new album "Forensic Nightmares" in it's entirety!
- 25/06/15 – "Forensic Nightmares" out tomorrow! Swedish...Read More
TWITCHING TONGUES officially announce new album "Disharmony"
- 25/06/15 – Release full live video of new song from Hellfest...Read More
THE BLACK DAHLIA MURDER debut new music and pre-order bundles for 'Abysmal'!
- 24/06/15 – THE BLACK DAHLIA MURDER have returned with the...Read More
ACT OF DEFIANCE debut "Throwback" video and launch pre-orders for debut album!
- 24/06/15 – In a time of endless sub-genre classifications, ACT OF...Read More
DESTRAGE announce European summer dates!
- 23/06/15 – Italian metallers DESTRAGE have just announced a whole...Read More
ENSIFERUM announces European tour in October!
- 23/06/15 – Finnish Metal heroes ENSIFERUM have announced another...Read More
DOWNFALL OF GAIA announces European tour in August!
- 23/06/15 – DOWNFALL OF GAIA have just a short August run, please...Read More


text:
Well, I'm not a Maple expert, but you could certainly define your function with piecewise like this:
y:=piecewise(x > -0.143 and x < 0.143, -7, -1/abs(x));
which should give you this when "plotted":
I'm in need to remove a singularity in a function in Maple. I've got the function -1/abs(x), that goes to minus infinity for x->0 from both sides. I would like to define y=-7 in the interval x=[-0.143,0.143], enabling me to "chop off" the tip. Anyone knows how this is to be done?


text: Filed Under Alumni Association News, College of Natural Resources, Faculty News 2014 Faculty Awards: A Q&A with Kimberly Bush No Comments April 30, 2014 By Bill Krueger The Alumni Association is honoring 26 NC State professors with the 2014 Faculty Awards for their outstanding work in the classroom, in the laboratory and in the field. We talked (via email) with some of the recipients about their work and the keys to being a successful professor.[...] READ MORE


text:
She may be no damsel in distress, but no matter how much of a powerhouse chick the Pinay is, she will always need a lifeline in case she needs extra help, or is faced with a dangerous situations. Whether it is a healthy dose of information, counseling, treatment, or plain old hero-saving, these organizations are sure to come to the rescue.
Aleng Pulis Mobile
Tel # (02) 410-3113 (within office hours only)
Mobile: 0919-777-7377 (24 hours)
2nd Floor Kiangan Billeting Center WCPP Camp Crame
Why you should have them on your speed dial:
This kick-SASs all female police force has one mission: take care of crimes against women. Aleng Pulis (Ms. Policewoman) won't just dish out sisterly advice, they'll spring into action in cases of domestic and sexual violence. They also refer victims to appropriate authorities who can provide additional support, assist victims of violence in medico-legal procedures, medical investigation, and the collection of evidence. These hardcore, crime-busting ladies are equipped with full battle gear, motorcycles, and police cars with the words "Aleng Pulis" in pink on the front bumper. How's that for a classic feminine touch to crime-fighting?
Likhaan Women's Health Center
Tel #(63 2)926-6230 or fax (63 2)411-3151
9:00AM to 5:00PM
88 Times St., West Triangle Homes, Quezon City 1104 Philippines
Why you should have them on your speed dial:
Apart from prenatal and postpartum counseling, Likhaan also provides treatment and education on aspects of sexual health that we don't talk about because they're considered taboo like sexually transmitted diseases, and post-abortion complications.
Your condom broke or you had unprotected sex? No problem! Likhaan can give you no-judgment-no-unnecessary-questions-advice on emergency contraception (both education and the actual medication) for women with no prior knowledge of birth control (which could be you and me), victims of rape, or sex workers.
Likhaan also counsels and refers victims of domestic and sexual abuse and provides RH services such as family planning and contraception.
Filipinay Hotline
Tel # (02)477-5555 or text (0917)823-1111
Monday to Friday, 8AM to 7PM
IMAP Building, Cor. Dr. A Ejercito St. Pinaglabanan San Juan
Why you should have them on your speed dial:
Unsure about how to use the pill, the rubber or any other form of contraception? The Filipinay hotline advises women on their options on family planning, contraception, and reproductive health, minus the raised eyebrows.
The Filipinay hotline provides impromptu info on birth control through phone consultation or through text so you can ask even the most intimate questions anonymously. The Filipinay hotline ensures that all women are able to make smart decisions about their bodies with adequate information and medical guidance. Their motto: women's empowerment through choice.
Tel #528-8231 to 38 local 3455
8:00AM to 5:00PM
NBI Building, Taft Avenue,
Ermita, Manila
Why you should have them on your speed dial:
Crimes against women have gone through an upgrade—a technological one.
If you find yourself an unwilling recipient of sexually charged SMS/MMS or other forms of Electronic Violence Against Women (EVAW), then the people NBI Computer Crimes Unit are your go-to guys.
This unit deals with cases of mobile and cyber harassment/abuse and the whole shebang of EVAW cases: internet pornography; unauthorized reproduction and distribution of images and videos, through CDs, mobile phones, and the Internet; involuntary cyber-prostitution of women and children. For tech-savvy violators of women's rights, the NBI Computer Crimes Unit is a force to reckon with.
Tel #+63 2 922-5235 or fax +63 2 926-7744
3rd Floor Trauma Extension, Annex Bldg.,
East Ave Medical Center
Quezon City
Why you should have them on your speed dial:
The Women's Crisis Center (WCC) was established in 1989 and set the bar for crisis work with women. The WCC offers assistance, counseling, treatment, and referrals for victims of battering, rape, incest, sexual harassment, prostitution, and sex trafficking. They also give crisis intervention for survivors of women-targeted violence, with methods that are rooted in a pro-Pinay perspective.
About Janina
Janina Santos is a self-proclaimed writer and Registered Nurse who enjoys sticking her nose in women's issues. When her brain is not up in the stars, she teaches English for a living.


text:
Agency: RT&A/ R.Treviño & Asociados, Monterrey, México
Creative Directors: David Hurtado, Agueda Quiroga
Art Director: Jorge González
Copywriters: Tino Villarreal, Xele Martínez
Illustrator: Jorge González
nice idea!
I like it.
Great ad, nice to see good things come out of México, specially from Monterrey.
Brilliant and mildly funny.
Superb, I love the concept, Homer's eye's are excellent, he looks so confused being invisible! Nice one, Matt.
Sweet ads
Really great idea, its comical and amusing, demonstrating the brand and ability to match any colour.
Actually Homers beard isnt yellow, so… fail
Trackback and pingback from other blogger
Please Note: Comment Moderation Maybe Active So There is No Need To Resubmit Your Comments


text:
Dads To: Lily
Why They Get Our Vote: It's impossible to pick a favorite between Modern Family's dynamic gay dad duo! Cam's over-the-top personality is the perfect complement to Mitchell's more serious nature. The combo makes for some of the show's most entertaining moments.
Lesson Learned: It's possible to be your partner's polar opposite and still be a great parent.
Source: ABC.com


text:
Experience the Great Lakes and their rich history above and below the waves! Explore the shipwrecks of the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The crystal clear waters and our large ''glass bottom'' viewing wells allow you to dive the wrecks - without getting wet.
During our 2½ hour cruise you will experience magnificently preserved shipwrecks, scenic shorelines and majestic lighthouses. Learn about the history, legends and lore of Thunder Bay and many famous shipwrecks as you cruise the shoreline. Departing from the warm & friendly port of Alpena, the 65 ft. ''Lady Michigan'' will take you on a comfortable adventure into the heart of Lake Huron's Shipwreck Alley. Two levels provide plenty of room to move around and seating is cushioned for comfort. The open upper deck has ample seating for those who care to enjoy the outdoor elements during the cruise. The lower deck is heated with ample seating and is equipped with ''glass bottom'' viewing wells. These windows - a unique feature on tour boats of the Great Lakes - will allow passengers to view shipwreck remains during their cruise. Leave your diving equipment at home--you won't have to get wet to enjoy the historic wrecks just below the waves.
500 W. Fletcher
Alpena, MI 49707
Driving Directions
Reservations: (888) 469-4696
Toll Free: (888) 469-4696
Phone: (888) 469-4696
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Conquer your holiday shopping with Pure MichiganMore
Join 500,000 other
people who receive the free Pure Michigan e-newsletter.
Get the Official
© 2016 Michigan Economic Development Corporation
300 N. Washington Sq., Lansing, MI 48913


text:
Daily Dunklin Democrat
A $10,000 reward is being offered to anyone who holds information leading to the arrest and conviction stemming from an incident Saturday night involving cotton modules being burned in the Senath area. The reward has been put up by Farmer's Union Gin, Dalton Cotton Co., and Four-Way Gin. Anyone with information is asked to call the Dunklin County Sheriff's office at (573) 888-2424. On Saturday night, the Senath Fire Department responded to reports of cotton modules being set on fire at fields belonging to Charles Parker and Jason Chandler. There are no leads at this time. Karnes, as well as the Dunklin County Sheriff's Department, said there are no leads at this time.
Return to: Local News Blog


text:
Psychedelic Trumpet
On March 9, 1972, Miles Davis entered in Columbia Records Studio "E", and came out with the recording of a real gem, a true fusion of genres: "Red China Blues".
This piece should be mandatory on the three lists with the most representative music of each one of the genres: Blues, Jazz and Psychedelic music (or acid rock). Or alternatively, if there is a list only for songs fusing genres, "Red China Blues" has to be on the top 10. The presence of each one of the genres is felt in such a way, that even the deaf will feel the difference.
It is the song that I hear the most when I try to get a boost of energy, and one of my favorite Miles Davis compositions. We are in the final stretch of the classified "electric period" (1968-75) of one of the most important trumpeters in Jazz history. It is public knlowledge that, from the late '60s, Miles Davis began to be influenced by new musical genres that were beginning to dominate the radio stations, including Rock, psychedelic rock, and funk.
These new influences go from Sly and the Family Stone, and James Brown to Jimi Hendrix. Another influence was his marriage, in September 1968, with model and later singer Betty Davis, who ended up opening the door for Miles to get to know this new generation of artists. The result was the electrification of the instruments of their combos.
The starting point was on February 1969, with album "In a Silent Way". In August of that year, he enters the studio to start recording the album "Bitches Brew", that would be completed in January 1970. With the huge commercial success that he has obtained with these two albums, Jazz-Rock was born.
In 1972, Miles Davis dives into the study of the compositions of Karlheinz Stockhausen, who would later be considered as one of the most important composers of contemporary music, at the end of the twentieth century. His works revolutionized the perception of rhythm, melody and harmony.
The influence of this German composer on Davis was so great, that critics created a new label for his 1972 works: music space. This music was described as "a lot of mood changes — heavy, dark, intense — definitely "space music". During this year, 3 out of the 8 songs that were included on the album "Get Up With It", were recorded. This album would only see the light of day in 1974. This double album, along with another double album "Big Fun", consists of recordings that Davis was doing between 1969 and 1974. But "Get Up With It" ended up being the last studio album in the 70s. From then on, he only recorded live concerts ("Dark Magus", "Agharta", "Pangaea", …).
Although "Red China Blues" is not the composition most mentioned when talking about "Get Up With It", I consider a true addiction listening to this theme. I can hear and repeat again, again, and again (I love repeat). When talking about this álbum, the highlight is the song "He Loved Him Madly", as a tribute to Duke Ellington, and the song "Calypso Frelimo", one of the most praised of the electric period of Miles Davis.
But I guarantee that "Red China Blues" is unforgettable. In the opening theme, you will listen to two drums (Al Foster and Bernard Purdie) giving the sign for the entrance of Wally Chambers harmonic and the other instruments. And we listen for 43 seconds to pure Blues. There are 43 seconds in which Miles Davis does not appear, giving the entire space for the harmonic to make its southern United States typical speech.
When presented the trumpet, the first reaction is to question what kind of instrument is this, such is the surprise. The harmonica is not asked to leave, but it goes into the background, and never changes its blues speech. The remaining instruments will continue to engage the latter instrument with their rhythm and melody of jazz.
At the beginning of his entry, we notice that Davis seeks out to set the tone of what he will speak, which leads us to think that this may become a structured discourse, but we soon see that we were wrong. At 1:26, he starts to shout to the heavens like a wolf howls to the moon. It's like he's having an urgency to release a psychedelic scream against the organized speech that is around him.
From that moment on, we feel that he seeks to say short sentences, not like a drunk jumping from incomplete sentences to another also incomplete sentences. But because these short sentences are sufficient to signal his mood swings and his authority in front of the combo.
At 1:44, he changes the accentuation of the trumpet, and sometimes repeats what sounds like a whimper. Right after the 1:59, he releases again his psychedelic scream 3 times, followed by a loose phrase, to then shout his trumpet over 20 times. It's psychedelic madness ressurfacing.
And the amazing thing is that we are addicted to those screams, such is the energy released that we realize that we are also already screaming to keep up with him. By this time, the body is already an hostage and needs to dance, jump, or do anything but being quiet.
Only at around 2:33 we feel that the remaining instruments have space to stand out, and then getting ready for the return of the trumpet at 2:47, for another session mood swing. These variations last until 3:14, in which the harmonic enters first, and a little later the other instruments enter a question answer dialogue with the trumpet. And it is with this dialogue that we are invited to listen to the end of the song.
Finally, I leave a small personal note. For me, "Red China Blues" is the best song ever to do a striptease. Puts in a corner "You Can Leave Your Hat On", composed by Randy Newman, and made famous by Joe Cocker through the film "9 ½ Weeks", or the now classic "The Stripper", by David Rose and his Orchestra.
Try doing a striptease with "Red China Blues" and will notice the difference immediately. Already some women saw my home show and they were all surprised. No one imagines doing a striptease with a psychedelic sound, but I assure you the joy is tremendous. Try dancing with the sound of your speakers as loud as possible.
Eduardo Jazz
Discover the FREE Special Report
JAZZ GOES TO MOVIES – TOP 30 Soundtracks (1955-75)
Powered by Qumana


text:
Comment on Aperture
Aperture works very fast in my macbook 2.4 (early 2008).
It is snappier than iPhoto and consumes less memory/cpu than Adobe Bridge.
I am learning how to use it with Lynda.com training.
About Aperture VS Lightroom survey: There are more people using windows than Mac, so It's easy to explain why more people are using Lightroom. That survey should be done ONLY with people who use macs.
Lightroom seems a very good app too. Can somebody tell me if Lightroom uses more cpu than Aperture? Having a cpu hog kills laptop's battery.


text:
RUSH: So, I'm trying to keep a low profile. This is what I mean. I'm just telling you, they don't get the humor. They're wound so tight that they're just waiting to be offended. And this is like the third day in a row members of the media are fit to be tied over my characterization of the children at the White House being used as human shields.
Boy, times change. Jonathan Karl, when he was at CNN, I did a number of interviews with Jonathan Karl, and he was like our old buddy Jim Rutenberg at the New York Times. It was a guy that we trusted. He was a genuine reporter. He was right down the middle. He'd print what I said. He didn't engage in gotcha journalism, and he was pleasant to talk to. He's now undergone a massive transformation. And the interesting thing is that I haven't changed since Jonathan Karl knew me. I mean, he knows who I am and he knows what I'm about. He knows the kind of person I am. But that doesn't matter. He has other considerations now because he works at ABC. And last night on ABC's World News Tonight, he's now the chief White House correspondent, Jonathan Karl, reporting on Obama's gun control plan.
KARL: When the president made his announcement, he was joined by four kids who wrote him letters after Sandy Hook.
OBAMA: These are some pretty smart letters from some pretty smart young people. Julia said -- Julia, where are you? There you go. "I'm not scared for my safety. I'm scared for others."
KARL: Rush Limbaugh mocked that.
RUSH ARCHIVE: The children are writing letters to the president, "We don't want to die. We don't want to die." (crying)
RUSH: So there's that. No matter what, I'm just commenting on things that happen as I see it and my effort to stay in the shadows, a less high profile, maybe even a lower profile. My effort to not get noticed isn't working. But Jonathan Karl, he knows what we do here. I haven't changed since the time that we did speak to him. Our stalker over at CNN, Carol Costello, she got in on this. Of course, I think the first people that got in on this are the people over at MSNBC. Here's Carol Costello, and she says something totally untrue, that I was mocking specific kids.
COSTELLO: Rush Limbaugh calling those children, in his words, "human shields." The president highlighted one little girl in particular. Her nail is Julia Stokes. She's seven years old. She wrote this moving letter telling the president she was the afraid to lose her brothers and sisters, and then Rush Limbaugh promptly mocked her and the other children in attendance.
RUSH: This is the first I've heard of this girl. I never knew that one of these kids' name was Julia yesterday. I didn't know the names of any of them. I didn't even know there were only four. All I know is, they were brought up there as human shields. They're designed to protect the politicians who ostensibly are attempting to get legislation passed. They're human shields! There's no question. This is what gets them: I'm exactly right about it. And, in fact, in the next sound bite (this was on CNN's Newsroom this morning), it's Carol Costello again, and she spoke with a Democrat strategerist called Maria Cardona about Obama's gun control plan announcement.
Now, in this bite, I will be denounced while being proclaimed to be right.
This proves my point that it's the fact that I say what I say that bugs them. And when I'm right, it really bugs them. So here Carol Costello says, "Limbaugh is Limbaugh. But should kids be put in a position to be mocked in this bitterly partisan political world we're living in now?" Let me analyze the question for you: "Look, Limbaugh is Limbaugh. We can't change him. There's nothing we can do about it. In our world, Limbaugh is, you know, an unpopular geek. But, having said that, is it really right to be using kids this way?"
In other words, I'm right. But, damn it, I'm right!
Here's what Maria Cardona said...
CARDONA: Certainly I agree that Limbaugh is Limbaugh and no matter what President Obama does, he's going to be against it. So let's put that out front. I do think we need to be very careful about using kids in politics and to seemingly advance (giggles) a political agenda like Rush Limbaugh said.
RUSH: So what is it? You guys have to make up your minds. "Sure Limbaugh's Limbaugh, and he happens to be right. We're gonna have to stop exploiting kids this way." This is a Democrat strategerist there. Anyway, I just wanted to share that with you, my friends. I'm making an ongoing effort. You may not be able to tell, but I'm trying really hard to maintain my new lower profile. (interruption) Yeah, Julia was the name of the girl in the ad, the Obama ad that we all thought everybody would laugh at. Where we went wrong is that over half the women in this country want to be Julia. We thought everybody would be laughing at that ad.


text:
Integrated Bachelor's/Master's Option
Program Description
The Accounting Integrated 5-Year CPA Track allows North Central College students to obtain a B.A. or B.S. degree in accounting as well as the MBA degree within a five-year period. This five-year program is particularly appropriate for accounting majors who want to take the CPA exam in Illinois where candidates must have 30 semester hours beyond a bachelor's degree in order to sit for the exam.
Admission Criteria
The integrated degree will be available only to students of high achievement, including:
- Presidential scholars with high cumulative grade point averages
- Students nominated by faculty members
- Transfer students with high cumulative grade point averages
Students with a 3.33 cumulative grade point average or better, in accounting and overall, may apply to the graduate program at the end of the fall term of their junior year. Applications will be reviewed by the Accounting Integrated Track Committee, and candidates will be interviewed by a member of the Committee.
Program Requirements
The Accounting 5-Year Program enables full-time students to complete 126 hours of course work by the end of their senior year. Six hours of these courses will count toward both the undergraduate and graduate degrees, and 6 hours will be graduate courses taken during the senior year beyond the 120 hours required for graduation. At the end of their senior year, students will receive their bachelor's degree. After earning their undergraduate degree in Accounting, they then complete 24 hours of graduate work in their fifth year to receive their MBA degree.


text: Inland Empire Alliance of Black School Educators Congratulate the Class of 2013 Posted by: WSS News in Local May 16, 2013 0 2,456 Views This a only about one-third of the many proud graduates attending the 2013 Inland Empire Alliance of Black School Educators ceremony held in their honor at CSUSB earlier this month. Congratulations Class of 2013!! (Photo by John Coleman, CP Times ©2013) SAN BERNARDINO, CA– The Inland Empire Alliance of Black School Educators held their Graduation & Scholarship Recognition Ceremony, on Friday, May 3, 2013, at the California State University San Bernardino San Manuel Events Center, before a "full house" of proud family and friends. IEABSE members involved in the planning and coordination of the event included Melinda Sewer Muganzo; Donna Henderson, ED.D, Tawiah Finley; Keynasia Buffong; Dina Walker; Joyce Payne; and Tanya Fisher, ED.D., who were on hand to present scholarships to college bound scholars, left to right: DeShawn Radden, Nathaniel Hearns, and Cinderalla Famulimi. (Photo by John Coleman, CP Times ©2013) Shown here are Donzaleigh Abernathy, left, and Wilmer Amina Carter, right. Ms. Abernathy, a noted actress, activist and author, gave the keynote address at the Graduation and Scholarship Recognition Ceremony. She included photos of her bombed-out home as a small child, held by the hand by her father, Rev. Dr. Ralph David Abernathy, and side-by-side with Rev, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Alabama in the midst of the Civil Rights Revolution. She reminded the graduates of the powerful role that children, high school youth and college students played in forcing America to become a better place. The IEABSE also paid a special tribute to former California Assemblymember Wilmer Amina Carter. IEABSE member Melinda Sewer Muganzo presented her with a plaque and four young children presented her with a bouquet of flowers. Carter's husband, Bill Ratibu Jacocks performed the libation ceremony at the event. (Photo by John Coleman, CP Times ©2013) Will Greer served as the Master of Ceremonies for the graduation program. Mr. Greer, a dedicated and committed educator, founded a mentoring program for the San Bernardino City Unified School District as a part of his activities as a Program Specialist for Equity and Targeted Achievement. Mr. Greer is also the co-founder of Ujima Learning Solutions, along with his wife La Tanya Greer, J.D., who is also an educator. (Photo by John Coleman, CP Times ©2013) 2013-05-16 WSS News tweet


text:
Angel falls no comments
photo and text from wikipedia / photo by Rich Childs
Angel Falls
Angel Falls (Spanish: Salto Ángel; Pemon language: Kerepakupai vena, meaning "waterfall of the deepest place", or Parakupa-vena, meaning "the fall from the highest point") is a waterfall in Venezuela.
It is the world's highest waterfall, with a height of 979 m (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft). The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auyantepui mountain in the Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima), a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bolívar State, Venezuela.
The height of the fall is so great that, before getting anywhere near the ground, much of the water is evaporated or carried away as a fine mist by the strong wind. The base of the falls feeds into the Kerep River (alternatively known as the Río Gauya), which flows into the Churun River, a tributary of the Carrao River.
The height figure 979 m (3,212 ft) mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about 400 m (0.25 mi) of sloped cascades and rapids below the drop and a 30 m (98 ft) high plunge downstream of the talus rapids. While the main plunge is undoubtedly the highest single drop in the world, some feel that including the lower cascades somewhat stretches the criteria for the measurement of waterfalls, although there are no universally recognized standards of waterfall measurement.


text:
Get tips on how to fix a broken vent pipe in your home's bathroom. A broken vent pipe can circulate an unpleasant sewage-type odor and can be fixed without demolition.
LESLIE: Mark in Arizona is dealing with an odor at his place of business. What can we help you with?
[1] http://moneypit.com/article/water-odor-identifying-rotten-egg-smell
[2] http://moneypit.com/repair-and-improve/insulation-and-ventilation
[3] http://www.rotorooter.com/


text:
This post contains references to products from one or more of our advertisers. We may receive compensation when you click on links to those products. For an explanation of our Advertising Policy, visit this page.
This is an installment in my Istanbul: End of Year Mileage Run with Dad series. Posts include; Cheap Istanbul Flights: From $576 Total Roundtrip on Delta from JFK, Help Plan My Long Weekend in Istanbul, Flight Review: Alitalia JFK-Rome in Coach, Hotel Review: Westin Excelsior Rome, Hotel Review: Park Hyatt Istanbul Spa Room, Istanbul Eats and Excursions.
My Dad emailed me about a month ago asking if I knew of a way to get 7,000 Delta Medallion Qualifying Miles cheaply? I immediately emailed him back that he could get the Amex Delta Reserve Card and he'd get 10,000 MQMs with his first purchase – which will post towards 2011 status as long as he spends it in 2011.The card costs $450 a year, but gives SkyClub access, higher upgrade priority and a free companion ticket (including first class) every year. The benefits can greatly outweigh the annual fee, especially in the first year since Delta is selling 10,000 MQMs for a whopping $895!
However, that same evening I caught wind of ~$550 fares on Delta/Alitalia/KLM to Istanbul. I've never been and I know my Dad hasn't either so I thought this would be a great chance to rack up elite miles and use some of the hotel points I've amassed this year through various promotions.
In the end, I was able to build in 3 nights in Istanbul and 1 night in both Rome and Amsterdam. I've been to the last two and have friends/tons of recommendations, but I have been so busy I haven't done much research on Istanbul. I don't think I've ever heard of someone disliking Istanbul, so I'm sure we are going to have a great time.
So as always – I'd like to hear from the legions of sage TPG readers – what should we do for four days in Istanbul?
The Platinum Card® from American Express
|Intro APR
|Regular APR
|Annual Fee
|Foreign Transaction Fee
|Credit Rating
|Excellent Credit


text:
3 Active, Accessible, and Tucked-Away Camping Trips
Kayak the Carolina Wilderness
Once You've Pitched Your Tent: This sprawling campground (which runs $15/night) sits on Fontana Lake, a peaceful body of water that flows into noisier streams and rapids as it descends south. After you settle in, grab a kayak (rentals are $25/day at the Nantahala Outdoor Center in nearby Bryson City) for a lake paddle, or rent a raft ($25–$55) and venture downriver. (Don't worry, a shuttle service will return you to camp.)
Whether you brave the whitewater or leisurely explore the lake, prepare for a Gothic, Old World vibe. "It's this super-remote, rugged wilderness on the boundaries of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which is full of old homesteads and the ruins of partially submerged ghost towns getting absorbed into the forest," Allison says, referring to mill communities vacated after the building of a 1940s dam.
If watersports (or ghost towns) aren't your thing, Allison says, Tsali also has 42 miles of mountain-biking singletracks ranging from "supertechnical and expert level to easy and flow-y."
Post-Trip Indulgence: A made-to-order cheeseburger with coleslaw, which sells for less than a Big Mac, at Na-Bers Drive-In on the Tuckasegee River. If you want to order like a local, go for two burgers and a cherry milkshake delivered to your car.
Then wash it all down with a Trail Magic Series Russian Imperial Stout, an award-winning microbrew, from the nearby Nantahala Brewing Company.


text:
Congressional Science Fellowship
About the Fellowship | Current Fellow | Hall of Fame | Reports
Hall of Fame
Peter F. Folger
As a Congressional Science Fellow, Folger worked on issues spanning resource development and environmental preservation, and public health policies, and gained experience in the knowledge transfer process between the scientific community and policymakers. Folger applied his experiences in private industry, government research, and academia to the complicated issues of formulating a proper balance between resource development and economic and environmental impact.
Folger received his Ph.D. in geological engineering in 1995 from the Colorado School of Mines. His principal research interests and training are in the fields of hydrogeology, economic geology, and geochemistry, with special emphasis on water-quality and radon concentration. From 1989 to 1991, his industry experience included managing a geochemical programs group and working as a project geologist at the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado. Prior to that, he was a geologist for AMAX Exploration for two years. Folger received an A.B. with distinction in geology from Dartmouth College in 1982, and a masters in geology in 1988 from the University of Montana.


text:
1100 Breaking News
Britain's most senior Roman Catholic cleric, Cardinal Keith O'Brien, is stepping down as the head of the Scottish Catholic Church.
Britain's most senior Roman Catholic cleric, Cardinal Keith O'Brien, is stepping down as the head of the Scottish Catholic Church.
Cardinal O'Brien's decision follows allegations of inappropriate behaviour towards priests dating back to the 1980s. He contests the claims and is seeking legal action.
The Vatican is expected shortly to confirm that Pope Benedict has accepted Cardinal O'Brien's decision.
Cardinal O'Brien is the Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh.
The cardinal is not now expected to travel to Rome to take part in the election for a successor to the Pope - leaving Britain unrepresented in the election.
BBC religious affairs correspondent Robert Pigott says the resignation of Cardinal O'Brien creates a crisis for the Church in Scotland, and represents a heavy blow to the wider Church as it battles to shore up its reputation ahead of the papal election or "conclave".
The conclave is already expected to be difficult in the circumstances created by Pope Benedict's unprecedented resignation, our correspondent adds. The Vatican is also struggling to deal with reports of internal corruption and mismanagement.
The cardinal was due to retire when he reaches his 75th birthday in a few weeks
Cardinal O'Brien's resignation is also a personal tragedy for himself, the BBC's Robert Pigott says. "He was about to retire after taking part as Britain's only representative in the papal election next month, a role he took extremely seriously. He said in a BBC interview on Friday that he found the responsibility of helping to choose a successor to Pope Benedict 'almost frightening'."
In a profile, the Herald, Scotland says Cardinal Keith O'Brien has been no stranger to controversy since he was made a cardinal in 2003.


text:
Dear members,
Thank you, NarutoBase Staff
Hashi defeats madara but sacrifice himself to save hes life . Thats how hashi dies .
P S . he may killed himself after battle with madara but that would be so lame.
And he leaves his family ( mito) n his village high n dry lol doesnt make sense atall
i know hashi had thing for madara but still no
he leaves village to hes brother
Well, not sure about it. As it was told earlier that Hashirama died during first world war. So not sure but soon we will come to know about it.
Last edited by johnny335704; 03-20-2013 at 07:23 AM.
Hey since you can predict the future, do you mind getting me next weeks lottery numbers?
Forum Rules


text:
Artist Collection: (74 of 294)< Previous | Next >
Tags: water, pond, garden, abstract, expressionism, impressionism
- + MOUSE OVER image to zoom in
- + CLICK to enlarge
lear's madnessby daniel g walczyk
- Medium
- Photography
- Artist Notes
- from the series "The Eyes' Mind"
The small water feature in the backyard home / studio garden is a treasure trove of material for Dan in all seasons. In the Spring, before the leaves have fully flushed out, the sky and plant life (and an ocaisssional goldfish) add reflective color to the pond's surface and the bubbles from the waterfall dance happily along. Dan is astonished to this day at the figures and faces that appear on the surfaces of the bubbles in various stages of their brief lives, and in this case simply on the surface of the water following the demise of the bubbles. The "stormy sky" mood of this particular image reminded Keo of the famous "mad" scene of the title character in one of Shakespear's most famous tradgedies. The garden and all of its contents are a constant source of inspiration and a National Wildlife Federation Certified Backyard Habitat.
Copyright 2007 by Daniel G. Walczyk, Vulcania Graphics & Fine Art; all rights reserved.
- Contact Artist Send Artist an Email
More about daniel g walczyk
- Location
- pa, usa
- Artist Biography
- Dan is a self taught photographer and digital artist whose love of nature and the environment infuses virtually all of his fine art imagery. From macro to landscapes, fl ora to wildlife, aerial to terra firma, he examines the textures, patterns, forms and colors of nature and its in ...


text:
I don't know if I am looking for advise, or a vent, but here's my situation. My son was born at 33 weeks. On Friday he will be 2 weeks. He never needed oxygen, and he is not having any problem holding his temp, breathing, no A & B's. And he is now in an open crib. He was born 4lbs 8oz. He went down to 4lbs 2 oz., but he is already up to 4lbs 10oz.
He has been feeding via tube every 3 hrs. I have Nursed a few times, and he is able to latch on, but after a few mins, he just stops, like he is not hungry any more. The NICU is "requireing" that he cannot leave until he is able to take 8 full feedings via breast or bottle for a couple of days in a row. I feel like he is getting fed so much, he is not hungry enough to bottle or breast.
My first son was full term, and I nursed him for a full year. I can't ever remember him taking 8 full feedings in one day. It is a new hospital, and he is the only baby in NICU. I feel like they are keeping him hostage to keep the insurance money rolling in. Does anyone have any thoughts or suggestions? Has anyone had any luck with cup feeding?


text:
Despite his repeated assertions to the contrary, there remains plenty of speculation that Jose Mourinho will leave Real Madrid this summer if the team wins the Champions League, or even perhaps if they don't.
The Portuguese coach has form in that area, symbolically removing his winner's medal and leaving the pitch while his Porto players still celebrated, lifting the European Cup in 2004. Soon enough, he was manager of Chelsea.
He then repeated the trick in 2010, when he left Inter Milan as European champions to take over at the Bernabeu.
Mourinho has never made a secret of the fact that he does not plan to stay at any one club forever, nor his desire to one day return and manage in England once again.
The mere possibility of that happening has been enough to see many new names bring linked with the Bernabeu hot seat, some more likely than others.
Here are seven managers who have been identified as possible replacements for Mourinho should he leave Real this summer.


text:
2 Community Managers
Nathan Wilson
Open Technology Evangelist
Kristen Lans
Life is Good!
This EOL Community is focused on the nature in and around Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The focus list includes taxa that have been recorded in Cape Cod. The featured Collections include lists for specific locations and checklists for particular groups such as birds, mushrooms, fish, plants etc. They also include lists from various books of the area. Where possible errors have been fixed and up to date nomenclature is used.
Open Technology Evangelist
Life is Good!
is loving accessing the new eol site :)
Become part of the EOL community!
Already a member? Sign in