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Brief Summary
Vaccinium corymbosum, blueberry or highbush blueberry, sometimes known as whortleberry, is a deciduous shrub in the Ericaceae (heath family) that is native to eastern North America and is the source of most commercially cultivated blueberries and blueberry varieties, and is now cultivated in temperate regions of Europe and New Zealand, as well as North America.
Other commercially important species of blueberries include the lowbush blueberry, V. angustifolium, which is the source of many wild-harvested blueberries in Canada and Maine, and rabbiteye blueberry, V. ashei, which is cultivated in the southeastern U.S. There are also numerous other wild blueberry species, some of which are may also be called bilberries, although the name bilberry often refers specifically to V. myrtillus.
V. corymbosum is a shrub that can reach heights of nearly 7 m (15 ft), although generally grows to 1.5 m (5 ft) in cultivated varieties and typical sites. The alternate, simple leaves are oval to elliptical, up to 8 cm (3 in) long. The white to pinkish campanulate (bell-shaped) or tubular 4-parted flowers are borne in lateral clusters of several flowers each. The fruits are berries that ripen to blue or blackish purple, sometimes with a glaucous bloom (waxy coating), and are around 1.5 cm (5/16 in) in diameter, larger than many wild blueberry species; recently developed cultivars may have even bigger fruit.
Blueberries are rich dietary sources of vitamins C and K and the mineral manganese, are eaten fresh and prepared in juices, jams and jellies, syrups, sorbets, and compotes, as well as popular baked goods including muffins and pies. They may also be preserved by freezing or drying.
V. corymbosum typically grows in bogs or bog edges and wet sandy places, or in hummocks in tamarack swamps (Larix laricina) or fens, and rarely in drier uplands; it tolerates the acidic conditions typical of these areas. North American Vaccinium species, including the widespread V. corymbosum, are an important food source for numerous species of mammals and birds, and are estimated to make up 2 to 5% of the diet of 57 species.
Vaccinium species were an important food source for native peoples of North America for many centuries, but were generally wild-harvested, sometimes in managed stands, rather than cultivated. The development of cultivated varieties of blueberries occurred only since the late 1800s, making this one of the most recently domesticated fruit crops.
The FAO estimates that the total commercial harvest of blueberries (of all species) in 2010 was 312,047 metric tons, harvested from 74,649 hectares worldwide. The U.S. was the leading producer, generating 60% of the harvest, while Canada contributed another 27%, followed by Poland and Germany. Within the U.S., Michigan is the leading producer of cultivated blueberries, with 25% of the 2010 crop, while other states with significant harvests include Georgia, Oregon, New Jersey, and Washington. Maine has a large blueberry industry, but it is primarily based on wild-harvested, rather than cultivated, berries. These figures likely underestimate the full economic importance of blueberries, as many fruits are wild-harvested for local, rather than commercial use.
(Bailey et al. 1976, FAOSTAT 2012, Flora of North America 2012, Hedrick 1919, Martin et al. 1951, USDA 2012, van Wyk 2005.)
Comprehensive Description
Vaccinium formosum Andrews
Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (SPS-T, SPS-RF, WLPS).
Occasional. Late Feb–May ; Jun–Aug . Thornhill 147, 150, 166, 173, 183, 264, 303, 305 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 23 (WNC!). [< Vaccinium corymbosum L. sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]
General: Heath family (Ericaceae). Native shrubs 2-3(-4) meters tall, crown-forming, forming dense colonies, the twigs warty and yellow-green, glabrous. Leaves deciduous, alternate, simple, narrow to broadly elliptic or ovate, 3.8-8.2 cm long, pubescent at least on the veins beneath, slightly waxy above, the edges smooth and ciliate to toothed. Flowers 8-10 in a cluster, 6-12 mm long, urn-shaped, white, with 5 petals. Fruits berries are 5-12 mm wide, blue to blue-black and many-seeded. The common name refers to the relatively tall stature of these plants.
Variation within the species: The highbush blueberry complex is highly variable and includes diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, and various hybrid combinations. Recent studies (Vander Kloet in 1980 and 1988) have recommended treating the complex very broadly, using only the single name V. corymbosum, but not all authors have accepted that (for example, see Uttall 1986, 1987). As treated in the PLANTS database, the complex includes a group of interrelated species that have generally been recognized as "highbush" blueberries – these species* (or hybrids), with synonyms, are listed below.
* Vaccinium X atlanticum Bicknell
* Vaccinium corymbosum L.
synonym: Vaccinium constablaei Gray
* Vaccinium formosum Andr.
synonym: Vaccinium australe Small
* Vaccinium fuscatum Ait.
synonym: Vaccinium arkansanum Ashe
synonym Vaccinium atrococcum (Gray) Heller
synonym Vaccinium fuscatum Aiton
*Vaccinium simulatum Small
*Vaccinium virgatum Ait.
synonym: Vaccinium amoenum Aiton
synonym: Vaccinium ashei Reade
Highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum) hybridizes with one of the "lowbush" blueberries (V. angustifolium Ait.). Hybrids used in commercial fruit production are V. corymbosum X V. darrowi (southern highbush blueberry), (V. arboreum X V. darrowi) x V. corymbosum (pollen donor), and southern highbush blueberry hybrids X V. simulatum.
Distribution: Widespread in eastern North America, from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario, Maine to Wisconsin, southward to South Carolina and Georgia and along the Gulf coast to Arkansas, Louisiana, east Texas, and Oklahoma. It has been introduced outside of its natural range for commercial berry production in Wisconsin, Washington, British Columbia, and New Brunswick. For current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site.
Alternative names
Northern highbush blueberry, southeastern highbush blueberry, Maryland highbush blueberry, black highbush blueberry, American blueberry, New Jersey blueberry, rabbiteye blueberry, swamp blueberry, tall huckleberry, mayberry, whortleberry
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Unknown/Undetermined
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Unknown/Undetermined
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
National Distribution
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Unknown/Undetermined
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
Highbush blueberry grows from northeastern Illinois and northern Indiana
northeastward to southwestern Nova Scotia, south to Florida, and west to
northeastern Texas and adjacent Oklahoma [24]. The species is absent or
rare in Missouri, central Ohio, western Kentucky, western Tennessee,
West Virginia, and central Pennsylvania [24]. It has been introduced
outside of its natural range for commercial berry production in
Wisconsin, Washington, British Columbia, and New Brunswick [26].
Occurrence in North America
Highbush blueberry grows best and most commonly in moist or wet peat of moderate to high acidity – in and around marshes, swamps, and lakes, often with extended flooding, as well as on floodplains, sheltered slopes, and ravines. It also occurs in drier areas – dunes and barrier beaches, rocky hillsides, oak woods, and pine woods. It occurs as a dominant or co-dominant on Appalachian "heath balds." All of these are more or less open sites, and because of its shade intolerance, highbush blueberry can be eliminated as shading increases with overstory cover. Flowering (February-)March-June, sporadically in the southern portion of its range; fruiting (April-)May-October, about 62 days after flowering.
Physical Description
Highbush blueberry is a crown-forming deciduous shrub with two to five
stems arising from a single bole. It typically grows from 6.5 to 10
feet (2-3 m) in height. The fruit is a sweet, juicy, blue-black berry
about 0.3 to 0.4 inch (7 to 10 mm) in diameter, containing several small
seeds (nutlet) about 0.05 inch (1.2 mm) long [24,26].
Type Information
Catalog Number: US 1365352
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): A. Gray & J. Carey
Year Collected: 1841
Locality: Roan Mountain., North Carolina, United States, North America
- Isotype: Gray, A. 1842. Amer. J. Sci. Arts ser. 2. 42: 42.
Catalog Number: US 770751
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: ; Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): T. H. Kearney
Year Collected: 1893
Locality: Big Black Mountain, Harlan County., Harlan, Kentucky, United States, North America
- Isolectotype: Small, J. K. 1903. Fl. S.E. U.S. 896, 1336.; Uttal, L. J. 1986. Sida. 11: 397.
Catalog Number: US 647742
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): K. K. Mackenzie
Year Collected: 1907
Locality: Tom's River., Ocean, New Jersey, United States, North America
- Isosyntype: Mackenzie, K. K. 1910. Torreya. 10: 230.
Catalog Number: US 41033
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: ; Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): T. H. Kearney
Year Collected: 1893
Locality: Big Black Mountain, Harlan County., Harlan, Kentucky, United States, North America
- Isolectotype: Small, J. K. 1903. Fl. S.E. U.S. 896, 1336.; Uttal, L. J. 1986. Sida. 11: 397.
Habitat characteristics
Highbush blueberry is intolerant of shade [18]. Along the Atlantic
Coast and in the Great Lakes region, highbush blueberry is most
frequently found at relatively low elevations along the edges of swamps
and bogs; along the sandy margins of lakes, ponds, and streams; and
within open areas of moist woods [18,26]. It is less abundant in
flatwoods, gray birch (Betula populifolia) scrubland, pine barrens,
bayheads, upland ericaceous meadows, upland woods, ravines, and mountain
summits. It rarely occurs in xeric pine-oak woods and cut-over pine
savannas [26].
Highbush blueberry grows best on hummocks or raised bogs which provide
moist, acidic, well-aerated, highly-organic soils optimal for growth
[17,18]. It is typically observed on soil with pH values between 2.7
and 6.6 and where nitrogen and phosphorus are quite low [24]. Plants
can withstand extended periods of flooding [1].
Key Plant Community Associations
Highbush blueberry occupies numerous habitats but seldom occurs as
community dominant. Two habitats where it occurs as a dominant or
codominant are open swamps or bogs and high-elevation balds.
In the Appalachian Oak and Northern Hardwood Regions
highbush-blueberry-dominated thickets are common on peatlands with
strong water-level fluctuations and weakly minerotrophic water [3,12].
Thickets may also occur on a quaking mat. Codominants include swamp
azalea (Rhododendron viscosum), downy blueberry (V. attrococcum),
mountain holly (Nemopanthus mucronata), black huckleberry (Gaylussacia
baccata), cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), casandra (Chamaedaphne
calyculata), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), and sheep laurel
(Kalmia angustifolia) [3,4,11,12].
Highbush blueberry codominates high elevation "heath balds" with
rhododendrons (Rhododendron spp.) [28].
Highbush-blueberry-dominated communities have been described in the
following publications:
Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains [28]
Community classification of the vascular vegetation of a New Hampshire
peatland [4]
The vegetation of the low-shrub bogs of northern New Jersey and adjacent
New York: ecosystems at their southern limit [12]
The ecology of peat bogs of the glaciated northeastern United States: a
community profile [3]
Demography and age structure of a central New York shrub-carr 94 years
after fire [12]
Habitat: Plant Associations
This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the term: bog
K091 Cypress savanna
K094 Conifer bog
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K097 Southeastern spruce - fir forest
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
K108 Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
K109 Transition between K104 and K106
K112 Southern mixed forest
K113 Southern floodplain forest
K116 Subtropical pine forest
Habitat: Ecosystem
This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES12 Longleaf - slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
FRES14 Oak - pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES16 Oak - gum - cypress
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
Habitat: Cover Types
This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
13 Black spruce - tamarack
16 Aspen
18 Paper birch
19 Gray birch - red maple
30 Red spruce - yellow birch
31 Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
32 Red spruce
33 Red spruce - balsam fir
34 Red spruce - Fraser fir
35 Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
37 Northern white-cedar
38 Tamarack
44 Chestnut oak
45 Pitch pine
52 White oak - black oak - northern red oak
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
59 Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
65 Pin oak - sweetgum
70 Longleaf pine
81 Loblolly pine
84 Slash pine
97 Atlantic white-cedar
100 Pondcypress
101 Baldcypress
108 Red maple
111 South Florida slash pine
Highbush blueberry produces abundant fruit every year. Bees are the primary pollinator. The seeds may be widely dispersed in bird and mammal droppings, but germination success can be reduced up to 15% after passing through an animal gut. In the southern portion of its range, highbush blueberry seeds have thick seed coats and require cold stratification before germination. Those from northern regions produce thinner seed coats and germinate in the autumn after dispersal.
Some reports describe vigorous sprouting from the root-crown in highbush blueberry after top-kill by fire or disturbance, while others note that sprouting is uncommon. This perhaps reflects the variability (and perhaps the taxonomic uncertainty) that exists within the species complex. Plants also have been noted to occasionally produce root sprouts 1-2 meters away from the parent.
Flower-Visiting Insects of Highbush Blueberry in Illinois
(bee activity is largely unspecified, information is limited to bees; observations are from Steury et al. and Grundel et al. as indicated below)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera (Gnd); Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Nomada denticulata sn (Gnd); Anthophoridae (Xylocopini): Xylocopa virginica (Gnd)
Bees (short-tongued)
Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes inaequalis (Gnd); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena bradleyi (SDO), Andrena carlini (SDO, Gnd), Andrena tridens (SDO), Andrena vicina (SDO, Gnd)
Insect activities:
sn = sucks nectar
Hilty, J. Editor. 2015. Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers. World Wide Web electronic publication. illinoiswildflowers.info, version (09/2015)
See: Abbreviations for Insect Activities, Abbreviations for Scientific Observers, References for behavioral observations
Flower-Visiting Insects of Highbush Blueberry in Illinois
(bee activity is largely unspecified, information is limited to bees; observations are from Steury et al. and Grundel et al. as indicated below)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera (Gnd); Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Nomada denticulata sn (Gnd); Anthophoridae (Xylocopini): Xylocopa virginica (Gnd)
Bees (short-tongued)
Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes inaequalis (Gnd); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena bradleyi (SDO), Andrena carlini (SDO, Gnd), Andrena tridens (SDO), Andrena vicina (SDO, Gnd)
Faunal Associations
Dasineura oxycoccana causes gall of Vaccinium corymbosum
Foodplant / saprobe
stromatic, single or in groups of 2-3 apothecium of Ovulinia azaleae is saprobic on Vaccinium corymbosum
Foodplant / parasite
telium of Pucciniastrum goeppertianum parasitises live Vaccinium corymbosum
General Ecology
Plant Response to Fire
Severe fires may remove trees and create openings favorable for highbush
blueberry. Twenty-five years after a stand-destroying fire in a red
spruce (Picea rubens)-Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) forest at about 5,500
feet (1,676 m) elevation in North Carolina, highbush blueberry was the
dominant shrub, with over 26,300 stems per acre (65,000/ha). This
constituted 15.8 percent of total shrub stems [19]. In a central New
York shrub-carr created by a severe wildfire in 1892 which consumed over
3 feet (1 m) of peat, highbush blueberry codominated the site with
mountain holly and black chokeberry in 1986. Early photographs indicate
that shrubs dominated the site by the 1940's [11].
Burning favored highbush blueberry in the Great Dismal Swamp of
southeastern Virginia. Highbush blueberry was present on logged (2
successive cuts 1970 and 1974) and unlogged areas swept by a late summer
wildfire in 1975 which burned 12 inches (30 cm) of peat, but was not
present on control areas. Peak biomass values (g/m2/year) for highbush
blueberry 1 to 2 years after burning were as follows [14]:
cut-burned area uncut-burned area control area
11.31 66.52 0
Post-fire Regeneration
Tall shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
Fire Ecology
Highbush blueberry is not rhizomatous [25]. Little quantitative
information has been written about its sprouting ability; what has been
reported appears contradictory .
Vander Kloet [24] described highbush blueberry as crown forming shrubs
from a single bole that occasionally sucker "when disturbed or burnt."
Describing V. ashei [V. corymbosum] Camp [2] stated that the species
occurs where protected from fire and that "the ease by which various of
its forms are killed by fire may explain their apparent scarcity today
in certain areas where they might be expected." These authors indicate
that highbush blueberry is not a vigorous sprouter following fire.
However, a study by LeBlanc and Leopold [11] in a central New York
shrubby swamp thicket indicates that highbush blueberry is a good
sprouter following disturbance. Two years after stems were cut at
ground level, highbush blueberry sprouts averaged 6.9 inches (17.4 cm)
in height. LeBlanc and Leopold concluded that this population of
highbush blueberry was being maintained through sprout recruitment.
Thus, at least at this central New York site, highbush blueberry is a
vigorous sprouter following disturbance.
Fire may create shade-free environments favorable for highbush blueberry
growth. It seems probable that highbush blueberry seeds would be
dispersed onto burned sites in animal droppings.
Successional Status
More info for the terms: cover, peat, shrub, shrubs, succession, swamp
Because of its shade-intolerance, highbush blueberry is restricted to
open swamps and bogs, lakeshores and streamsides, open woods, and
high-elevation balds. Such habitats represent intermediate stages of
succession. Highbush blueberry can be eliminated from sites as
overstory cover and shading increase. In shrub bogs in northern
Illinois, highbush blueberry was largely replaced by the shading and
competitive effects of glossy-leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus framgula) [22].
Fire can be an important factor in creating shade-free environments for
highbush blueberry. A shrub-carr in New York codominated by mountain
holly and highbush blueberry was created by a severe swamp fire in 1892
which consumed over 3 feet (1 m) of peat. Although this shrub community
represents an intermediate stage of succession between wet meadow and
forested wetland, it is relatively stable. Size and age structure of
the two dominant shrubs in 1986 showed an inverse j-shaped distribution
indicative of self-maintaining populations; the dense shrub community
is only slowly progressing to black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack
(Larix laricina) [11].
Regeneration Processes
Highbush blueberry primarily reproduces from seed. Bees are the primary
pollinator. It typically produces abundant fruit annually. In Florida,
5-foot-tall (1.5 m) shrubs annually produc an average of 231,000 ovules,
of which about 11 percent (25,410) develop into seeds [26]. Mature,
commercially grown 8- to 10-year-old plants often yield 8 to 10 pints of
fruit per year [18].
Highbush blueberry seeds are dispersed in the droppings of frugivorous
birds and mammals. Long-distance dispersal is rare because most animals
which consume highbush blueberries are territorial. Even when fruit
ripening coincides with migration of songbirds, dispersal distances are
short because berry pulp rarely stays in the gut of cropless birds for
more than 20 minutes [26]. In the southern portion of its range,
highbush blueberry fruits are dispersed sporadically from late March
through June. These seeds have thick seed coats and require cold
stratification before germination can occur [21]. Germination typically
occurs in the winter following spring dispersal. In contrast, plants of
northern latitudes have thinner seed coats and germinate in the autumn
shortly after dispersal [27,29].
In Florida, highbush blueberry averaged 16 seeds per berry, of which 57
percent germinated when placed in an illuminated misting chamber [26].
Germination percent is reduced at least 15 percent after passing through
the digestive system of a bird or mammal [9].
Vegetative regeneration: Highbush blueberry rarely produces rhizomes
except in a few isolated populations in the Florida panhandle, on
isolated mountain peaks in North Carolina and Tennessee, and in eastern
Quebec where it introgresses with low sweet blueberry [25]. Layering
has been observed only in populations in Ontario and Quebec [26]. When
"disturbed or burnt" the plant occasionally produces new plants from
root sprouts 3 to 6 feet (1-2 m) away from the parent [26].
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
More info for the term: phanerophyte
Life Form
Life History and Behavior
In the southern portion of its range, highbush blueberry flowers
sporadically over a 2- to 3-month period. North of latitude 44 degrees
N., flowering is synchronous and lasts a maximum of 25 days [24].
Flowers open as the leaves unfold or rarely when the leaves are half
developed [21]. Fruiting begins about 62 days after flowering and is
thus asynchronous in the south and synchronous in the north. Vander
Kloet and Austin-Smith [27] speculate that the fruit ripening patterns
of highbush blueberry may be related to the nutritional needs of avian
seed dispersers. Mass fruiting in the north occurs in summer when avian
dispersers are numerous.
Beginning of anthesis is as follows [24]:
south Florida - mid-February
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, northern Florida - March
Piedmont - early April
Appalachians and Ouachitas - late April to early May
Carolinas - late March to early April
Virginia, Delaware, New Jersey - late April to early May
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, New York, New England - early to late May
southern Ontario, Michigan - mid-May to early June
eastern Ontario, Quebec - early June to late June
southwestern Nova Scotia - mid-June
Fruit ripening is as follows [24]:
Florida - early April until November
Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina - May to June, but not until
August in the mountains
Michigan to Quebec, New York and New England - July and August
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Vaccinium corymbosum
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Vaccinium corymbosum
Public Records: 1
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: GNA - Not Applicable
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
Reasons: Rank provided by Alan Weakley during Eastern Heritage Conference in Nov/94.
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
Reasons: Rank provided by Alan Weakley during Eastern Heritage Conference in Nov/94.
National NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G4 - Apparently Secure
Reasons: Rank provided by Alan Weakley during Eastern Heritage Conference in Nov/94.
Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant's current status, such as, state noxious status and wetland indicator values.
Cultivars, improved and selected materials (and area of origin)
These plant materials are readily available from commercial sources. Contact your local Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) office for more information. Look in the phone book under "United States Government." The Natural Resources Conservation Service will be listed under the subheading "Department of Agriculture."
Seeds or cuttings can propagate plants of highbush blueberry. Ideal soil for cultivation is moist, high in organic matter, highly acidic (4.5-5.5), and well drained. The plants grow in full sun to partial shade, but those in open sites produce more flowers and have brighter fall foliage color. Highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum) is self-fertile, but cross-pollination increases fruit set and results in larger, earlier berries with more seeds (see Agriculture Western Australia 2000). Other species of the complex are partially or completely self-incompatible.
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Nutritional Value
The principal components of highbush blueberry berries are water,
sugars, crude proteins, vitamins, fats (in seeds), and fiber [26]. They
are a good source of vitamin C and natural sugars and contain moderate
amounts of trace minerals and other vitamins [17]. One-half cup of
berries contains 41 calories, 1.96 grams of dietary fiber, and 9.6 mg of
vitamin C [17].
Vander Kloet and Austin-Smith [27] reported that seed and pulp energy
varied considerably among highbush blueberries from three geographic
locations. Northern plants produced fruit with low seed energy and high
pulp energy, while southern plants produced fruit with high seed energy
and low pulp energy. Mean pulp caloric values for three populations
varied as follows:
Florida - 52 calories/berry
Nova Scotia - 141 calories/berry
Ontario - 184 calories/berry
Other uses and values
flowers were used for various medicinal purposes [26].
Highbush blueberry is one of the most agriculturally important
blueberries of North America. It is extensively cultivated in New
Jersey, Michigan, North Carolina, and Washington and to a lesser extent
in Georgia, Florida, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York,
Massachusetts, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia [26].
In 1989, there were over 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) in commercial
highbush blueberry production in North America [8]. Berry yields in
commercial fields often average 2 to 2.5 tons per acre (4.5-5.5 t/ha)
[8]. Since the 1920's, more than 50 highbush cultivars have been
developed [26].
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
numerous species of birds. In the Southeast, blueberries are a
preferred summer food of wild turkey, ruffed grouse, and quail [26]. As
much as 19 percent of the summer diet of quail may consist of
blueberries [26]. Songbirds which feed heavily on the fruits of
highbush blueberry include the scarlet tanager, eastern bluebird, scrub
jay, rufous-sided towhee, gray catbird, northern mockingbird, brown
thrasher, northern cardinal, and the American robin and several other
thrushes [18,26,27].
Mammals that often consume blueberries include the black bear, red fox,
cottontail, fox squirrel, white-footed mouse, and skunks and chipmunks
Highbush blueberry is the major blueberry of commerce. It is extensively cultivated in New Jersey, Michigan, North Carolina, and Washington and to a lesser extent in Georgia, Florida, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia. In 1989, there were over 100,000 acres in commercial fruit production in North America. More than 50 cultivars highbush blueberry have been developed, primarily based on selections for commercially valuable fruit characteristics and seasonality. Good summaries of information relating to commercial fruit production are available (see Reiger 2000; Garrison 1998). A few selections are used in landscaping, especially where they might be planted in wet places and to attract wildlife.
The berries are eaten raw, smokedried, sun-dried, boiled, and baked -- in a wide variety of culinary settings. They have one of the highest concentrations of iron of the temperate fruits. The fruits provide important summer and early fall food for numerous species of game birds, songbirds, and mammals.
Vaccinium caesariense
Vaccinium caesariense, New Jersey Blueberry, is native to the Eastern United States. It is a species in the genus Vaccinium, which includes blueberries, cranberries, huckleberry, and bilberries, all flowering plants or angiosperms.
Vaccinium caesariense is a native perennial plant in the Eastern United States, and is especially prominent in the New Jersey area, hence its common name New Jersey Blueberry. It is most commonly found in the following states: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.[1]
Vaccinium caesariense has simple, small, oval green leaves during the summer and loses its leaves in the winter. This dicot exhibits a shurb growth habit, meaning this perennial, multi-stemmed woody plant is not likely to grow larger than 5 meters in height, particularly due to its numerous steming arrangements.
In commercial cultivation of Vaccinium caesariense, they are usually planted at the beginning of Fall or the end of Winter, with organic fertilizers such as manure compost and vermicompost.[2] As the plants develop woody stems irrigation is only needed during very dry periods. The cultivated plants are grown in soil that is accommodating to acidophilic plants.[2]
The blueberry is one of the few fruits eaten in North America that is native to the continent. Native Americans harvested the wild blueberries. Their special use in the plant is its function as a dye, coloring items. It is also known as a medication for ailing stomach issues.[1] The tribes of the Lenape were well known in their use of the blackberry for these purposes. Early Euro-American immigrant settlers began incorporating the fruit as an ingredient in foods and as a medicine.
In New Jersey[edit]
New Jersey has developed environmental and agricultural programs to protect and develop the New Jersey Blueberry, such as the Blueberry Plant Certification Program and the Phillip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research & Extension.
The New Jersey legislature issued a Proclamation for its native plant:[3]
- "Whereas, The highbush blueberry is indigenous to New Jersey, where it was first cultivated for commercial production, due to pioneering work by New Jerseyan Elizabeth White and Dr. Frederick Coville, who in the early 1900s dedicated themselves to the study, domestication, and breeding of blueberries at Whitesbog, in Browns Mills, New Jersey; and
- Whereas, the cultivation of highbush blueberries in New Jersey served as the basis for an entirely new agricultural industry; and
- Whereas, Blueberries taste good, are good for you, are high in fiber, vitamin C, and antioxidants, are sodium and cholesterol-free, are low in calories and provide medical and health benefits, including the prevention of cancer and heart disease; and
- Whereas, Blueberries are appreciated around the world, especially in the area of nutrition and the emerging field of nutraceuticals, where blueberries are known for their health benefits and medicinal properties; and
- Whereas, New Jersey ranks second in the nation in blueberry cultivation, producing 21% of the nation's total, with 38 million pounds grown annually on 8,000 acres, spanning seven counties in central and southern New Jersey; and
- Whereas, New Jersey is widely recognized as the blueberry capital of the nation, and the highbush blueberry, also known as the "New Jersey blueberry," is the ideal symbol of a delicious, nutritious, and healthful fruit ..."
New Jersey hybrid[edit]
Although the species is still found growing in natural habitats, most of New Jersey's cultivated blueberries are a hybrid Highbush type. It was first developed by Elizabeth Coleman White, the daughter of a cranberry farmer, and introduced in Whitesbog, Burlington County, New Jersey. During harvest season, New Jersey farmers set up road-side farm stands and sell the fresh blueberries. The hybrid fruit, when frozen, maintains quality and taste upon thawing.[1]
- ^ a b c "Vaccinium caesarense". PLANTS Profile. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
- ^ a b "New Jersey blueberry, Vaccinium caesariense Mackenzie". Gardening.eu. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
- ^ "State Fruit of New Jersey: Highbush Blueberry". State Symbols USA. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
Vaccinium corymbosum
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Vaccinium corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry, is a species of blueberry native to eastern North America, from the Great Lakes region east to Nova Scotia, and south through the Northeastern United States and Appalachian region, to the Southeastern United States in Mississippi.[1][2] Other common names include blue huckleberry, tall huckleberry, swamp huckleberry, high blueberry, and swamp blueberry.[3]
Vaccinium corymbosum is a deciduous shrub growing to 6–12 feet (1.8–3.7 m) tall and wide. It is often found in dense thickets. The dark glossy green leaves are elliptical and up to 5 centimetres (2.0 in) long. In autumn, the leaves turn to a brilliant red, orange, yellow, and/or purple.[2]
The flowers are long bell or urn-shaped white to very light pink, 0.33 inches (8.4 mm) long.[2]
The fruit is a 0.25–0.5 inches (6.4–12.7 mm) diameter blue-black berry.[2] This plant is found in wooded or open areas with moist acidic soils.[4]
These berries were collected and used in Native American cuisine in areas where V. corymbosum grew as a native plant.[5] This plant is also the most common commercially grown blueberry in present day North America.
It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant for home and wildlife gardens and natural landscaping projects.[4][6] The pH must be very acidic (4.5 to 5.5).[2] In natural habitats it is a food source for native and migrating birds, bears, and small mammals.
Outside of its natural range in North America, Vaccinium corymbosum has naturalized in British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington.[7] On other continents it has naturalized in Japan, New Zealand, Great Britain, Poland, and the Netherlands.[7]
Some common cultivar varieties are listed here, grouped by approximate start of the harvest season:[8]
The cultivars Duke[9] and Spartan[10] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Southern highbush blueberry[edit]
Some named southern highbush blueberries are hybridized forms derived from crosses between V. corymbosum and Vaccinium darrowii, a native of the Southeastern U.S. These hybrids and other cultivars of V. darrowii (Southern highbush blueberry) have been developed for cultivation in warm southern and western regions of North America.[11][12]
See also[edit]
- ^ Taxonomic account from Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) — for Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)
- ^ a b c d e Hort.uconn.edu: Vaccinium corymbosum . accessed 3.23.2013
- ^ Gough, Robert Edward (1994). The highbush blueberry and its management. Psychology Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-56022-021-3. Retrieved 2011-04-29.
- ^ a b Missouri Botanical Garden: Kemper Center for Home Gardening — Vaccinium corymbosum . accessed 3.23.2013
- ^ University of Michigan: Dearborn — Native American Ethnobotany (Vaccinium corymbosum) . accessed 3.23.2013
- ^ Hort.uconn.edu: Vaccinium corymbosum; Landscape use section . accessed 3.23.2013
- ^ a b GRIN . accessed 3.23.2013
- ^ Hort.uconn.edu: Vaccinium corymbosum; Cultivars/varieties section . accessed 3.23.2013
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Vaccinium corymbosum 'Duke'". Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Vaccinium corymbosum 'Spartan'". Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ eXtension: Southern Highbush Blueberry Varieties
- ^ Four Winds Growers: Care of southern highbush blueberries
Names and Taxonomy
Comments: G4?Q Rank provided by Alan Weakley (ERO) during Eastern Heritage Conf. Nov/94. Part of corymbosum-related taxa with difficult taxonomy.
Vaccinium constablaei Gray
Vaccinium corymbosum L. var. albiflorum (Hook.) Fernald
Vaccinium corymbosum L. var. glabrum A. Gray
Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae)[24]. It is a member of the
true blueberry section Cyanococcus.
The highbush blueberry complex is highly variable and includes diploids,
tetraploids, hexaploids, and various hybrid combinations [7,24]. It has
long been a subject of taxonomic confusion and controversy; numerous
taxonomic treatments have been proposed. Named hybrids include:
Vaccinium atlanticum Bicknell, Atlantic blueberry
Highbush blueberry also hybridizes with low sweet blueberry (V.
angustifolium) [24].
Common Names
high-bush blueberry
northern highbush blueberry
tall blueberry
rabbiteye blueberry
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- Location: ohio
- Favorite foods: goat cheese, olives, bread, ice cream, tomatoes, asparagus, lamb, gnoochi, cheeseburgers, pork tenderloin, tamales, bacon...i could go on and on
- Last bite on earth: raclette, butterscotch w/ brownies ice cream & strawberry buttermilk ice cream from Jeni's, kalamata olives, San Francisco sourdough, french fries, a bacon cheeseburger, a pint of Bell's Oberon, my Mom's brioche
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We Chat With Pastry Chef Megan Ketover on Loving Cincinnati and Toughening Up for Top Chef
I had a couple of classes with Chef Ketover in pastry school at MCI. She's one of the best (and most helpful) teachers I've ever had and I'm so happy to see her accomplishments mentioned here on Serious Eats.
Neighborhood Guide: Our Favorite Spots in Cincinnati's Over-the-Rhine
Stop by Collective Espresso, on Woodward & Main, the next time you're in town. Great pour-overs and a nice cortado!
Today, at the grocery store..
I work in the bakery at Whole Foods in Cincinnati so everyday provides me an opportunity to chat with interesting people. My favorites are the customers who like to talk about what they're making later with what they're buying. Unfortunately, those conversations are few and far between since most people are there to buy just a cookie or a tart or a cannoli...something already made. If you're in the store, stop by and talk to me about baking, please!
Slice Poll: When Did Your Love Affair with Pizza Begin?
It was during the Book-It years for me, about 1st or 2nd grade. I've always been a crazy reader so I got a lot of Pizza Hut during those years. It's also probably why I was so chubby at that age.
Happy National Doughnut Day
I got my free donut at Fountain Square in Cincinnati today. It was a honestly a little difficult to enjoy at glazed cake donut at Noon in the hot sun but I at least ate half of it.
Get Your Serious Eats Reusable Bags
It's going to be something with tomatoes because I just bought a ton from the produce stand. Yay for RED tomatoes!
What Culinary School offers the best educational experience?
@smallgirl: I go to MCI too!
I can only speak from a pastry arts point of view but so far all of my instructors have been great and knowledgeable. The price is right and the school has (I think) the #4 co-op program in the country. I can't say much for the "business" classes they make you take but I'm having a blast in all my pastry/baking classes.
Poll: How Do You Like Your Ice Cream?
I get it in a cake cone...although those seem to be hard to find these days.
Toronto in June...what's good?
@ omnomnom: Great! I'm also a pastry student so the bakery thing would definitely be right up my alley. I do like Italian too. Thanks!
@ FoodieEng: I'm a not-super-strict vegetarian...meaning, if it's something that is a once-in-a-lifetime meal that happens to have meat in it, I'll eat it but, otherwise, I stick to the veggies. My friend will pretty much eat anything. Other than that, I'm not specific on cuisine.
Also, what are some good bars to hit up on a Friday night that don't have a dress-code or cover at the door? We're mainly beer-drinkers who prefer to do so in jeans and a t-shirt. I've read something about the Communist's Daughter?
Everyone seems to love but I hate...
Lean Cuisine
Mail-Order Ice Cream from Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams in Columbus, Ohio
Aw Jeni's...dangerous stuff, for sure! I least have two hours between me and the closest shop so I'm safe for now. The Strawberry Buttermilk is the only strawberry ice cream I'll eat.
NCAA Basketball Tournament: 64 Great Foods in 64 College Towns
Woo hoo Bobcats! First a win against Georgetown and now a shout-out from Serious Eats for Casa! I'm tempted to make a trip to Athens now.
Serious Eats Giveaway: $50 Gift Certificates from Threadless
I have the milk & cookie (I love you!) one that is shown above. For some reason, it reminds me of that Blur video for "Coffee and TV".
Introduce Yourself!
Hi, my name is Katie and I used to live in Columbus (6 years) but then moved to Cincinnati about 1 1/2 years ago. I'm 30 years old and am currently in culinary school trying to earn my pastry arts degree. When I lived in Columbus I loved North Market, specifically the bread place, the Vietnamese spot and, of course Jeni's (forgive me for forgetting the name of the other two places). If anyone on here has any connections to a bakery in Cincinnati, drop me a line! Thanks and have a great day.
Poll: What's Your Favorite Grocery Chain?
It is odd that they left of Kroger. I have the great fortune of living near two Krogers that have Murray's Cheese shops.
Standing Room Only: Jeni's Ice Cream
I had the brown butter with almond brittle a few days ago...seriously awesome. I wish they would make it a signature.
Open Thread: Home for the Holidays Your Sentimental Favorite Pizzeria
I grew up in West-Central Ohio but when I think of a sentimental pizza favorite, it has to be Vivio's in Indian River, Michigan (near Petoskey) or my college favorite, Goodfella's in Athens, Ohio.
Cook the Book: 'Nigella Christmas'
Chocolate shortbread cut-outs with white chocolate for decoration
Seriously Delicious Holiday Giveaway: Charles Chocolates
Right now it's chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream with hot fudge.
Do You Eat or Email First?
I wake up, make coffee, get dressed, watch a little news, head to work and then check my work e-mail. I don't have internet access at my apartment so e-mail isn't even an option at home.
Threadless T-Shirt Giveaway: A Piece of Cake
Chocolate Cake with a Nutella filling and chocolate frosting
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I like my lemonade in an Arnold Palmer...the drink, not the person.
Best ice cream in NYC?
That's great that Jeni's got a shout-out on a New York discussion! I can't even buy Jeni's in-store, in Cincinnati so I'm pretty jealous right now.
Anyway, back to the discussion, I was curious about New York ice cream too because I'll be visiting Brooklyn in 2-3 weeks. I heard Jacque Torres' new ice cream place is pretty good. Anyone know?
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Banana Pancakes


text:
He walked into my office for his first visit while he was on the phone talking about what seemed a very important "deal" and he stood in my office for the first five minutes on the phone. When he got off the phone he apologized and said, "This is my problem. This is why I need help." You recognize him. He might be you, your husband, wife, colleague, kid. Whatever.
Addicted to the cell phone.
Or you are sitting in a restaurant talking and your messages are vibrating and you just have to respond. You stealthily take your blackberry out and look to see what the most important message is. You can't seem to tear yourself loose from it. Your wife, kids, friends, and everyone feel that you are not really "there" when you are here with them. They feel insulted, left out, ignored, feeling that you are rude, compulsive, self-absorbed. They're right.
Let's face it. Probably 90% of the emails, text-messages, and even calls that you get are not important. Almost none of them are urgent. You feel anxious when you don't check, anxious if you don't respond IMMEDIATELY. You are hooked, addicted, and tethered like a dog to your blackberry.
What can you do?
Think of this as a mild case of obsessive compulsive disorder. And then use some cognitive behavioral therapy to break loose and take your life back.
Here are the steps:


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After a most enjoyable few years with the Grumbling Gourmet, I've decided to bring the curtain down on the regular reviews.
I've loved writing these, and despite the blog starting as a very personal project with an expected readership of my mum and my Auntie Pat, it's been great to watch audiences grow over time to current levels. Sadly (or not if you're my accountant) recent work projects have been growing and I'm unlikely to be able to devote as much time to writing these meals up.
It doesn't mean that I won't be eating out anymore... And it does mean that I might find time to go back to a few of the places I've dived through a few months after opening, pronounced lovely, and disappeared into the sunset.
It doesn't mean that I won't be writing about it either. I've had a few professional travel and food commissions in the time I've been doing this, and while they wouldn't keep the wolf from the door, they've been an enormously enjoyable challenge. I've also got some ideas for other writing that I might very well be testing out on some of you further down the line...
And it doesn't mean that I won't be telling you about the latest restaurants, bars and cafés that I've seen or been to. I'll keep London, New York and my other city maps up to date and given that I've got several recent trips to map and get to be in Berlin for much of the spring, will definitely be adding to these. I'll also occasionally be posting 'best of this' and 'best of that' lists to Twitter (@richmajor if you're not already following) and Facebook, so look out for those.
What it does mean is that you're going to have to find a new reviewer / blogger to read for your regular fix... There's plenty of them out there (the good, the bad and the ugly) so have a great year and I'll see you soon!


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This page summarizes spare dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole magnets.
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while others are abandoned or replaced models. All magnets are located
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Return to MagTest Home
This page maintained by: firstname.lastname@example.com . Last updated on November 7, 2000.


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Bicycle Kick Champ 2014
Published on June 24, 2014. Played 254 times. Editors' rating 2.1
Impress the audience by scoring with an overhead kick in the new shootout soccer game Bicycle Kick Champ 2014! Score three in a row to gain extra time which is useful to fight for the title with the soccer champion of your choice.


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Quiznos filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on Friday after lenders approved a pre-packaged restructuring plan that will reduce debt by more than $400 million. The plan is designed to increase the company's flexibility as it works to strengthen the chain's performance, revitalize the brand and "reinforce its promise as a fresh, high-quality and great-tasting alternative to traditional fast-food offerings," the company said in a statement. RELATED • ...
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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $1.90 (14% off)
Note: Korean Customs will quarantine and inspect this item before final shipment to the customer. Please be advised that ordering this item could cause delivery delays
Yummy salty snack, great for those allergic to nuts!
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These are nutritious and taste real good, everybody instantly likes them. Good alternative to nuts for those who are allergic. I'm buying more of these for sure!
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I have had sunflower seeds roasted, raw, and sprouted before this. These are the best tasting sunflower seeds I've ever had. I will definitely order again.
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We love the taste of these sunflower seeds. My husband usually doesn't care for their taste, but this brand has him snacking healthier now.
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These have a very slight salty taste, which I like. They're not crisp like store brands, because of being raw, so that's a good thing--no transfats.
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Posted by Reviewer3020790 on Oct 09, 2015
I have purchased this product many times in the past. This time, the packaging was different (does not match the picture here) and when I ate some, they tasted rancid - nothing like I remember them in the past. Within a half an hour, I was feeling nauseous. iHerb customer service was very helpful in handling my disappointing experience. I appreciate that I can count on iHerb!
Posted by NaturopathGabby on Jun 25, 2016
These are delicious little morsels with the perfect amount of celtic sea salt. Love their crunch. The only reason I stopped buying them was because it's much cheaper to sprout, dehydrate and salt them myself and I need to save money!
sprouted seed is the best!
Posted by 4693049442779694533 on Sep 17, 2013
It s hard to find sprouted seeds in my country. But I found it in iherb. Very good! Hope to see more new products such as sprouted flours.
Posted by 4940488047839108552 on Aug 11, 2012
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Posted by 5014638635095063428 on Dec 11, 2015
Very fresh, crunchy and tasty


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Freedom New Mexico
Eastern New Mexico University Campus Police are investigating a break-in that occurred Saturday night or Sunday morning at the Campus Union Building during the annual Peanut Valley Festival, according to a ENMU Communication Services press release.
Various items from booth vendors as well an undetermined amount of cash from vendors' booths and offices throughout the building were taken, according to police reports. In addition, artifacts from the Native American Affairs office were also taken, including a silver and turquoise crown valued at more than $2,500.
Sharon King, executive director of the Roosevelt County Chamber of Commerce, which helped organize the festival, said vendors she talked to Sunday were upset about the incident and concerned about a vendor who had lost a considerable amount of jewelry.
"There are so many out-of-town vendors there that it reflects badly on the city and you hate to see that," King said. "I'm sure they understand it was a one-time thing though."
King said she hoped some thought would go into upgrading the security next year for the event. She said those decisions would be made by the university.
The thieves entered the building by breaking the glass in the south door of the basement, near the Ground Zero entrance, according to police reports. Once inside, the suspects broke approximately six interior windows to gain access to offices.
Police reports indicate that approximately six cash drawers throughout the building were broken into, including in the cafeteria and housing office as well as vendor booths.
Among the items missing from vendor booths were jewelry, pen sets, purses, quilts and cash from cash boxes. The report indicates at least six vendors reported items missing.
Police have not identified any suspects in the break-in and no arrests have been made, according to the press release.


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Cultural Wastelands
Daniel Greenfield at Sultan Knish nails what is wrong with our society by holding Japan up to us as mirror:
The thing we have in common with Japan, China and Europe is that we have all moved into a post-modern future while leaving our values behind and our societies have suffered for it. It is a future in which stores have robots on display but couples are hardly getting married, where there are high speed trains and a sense of lingering depression as the people who ride them don't know where they are going, and where the values of the past have been traded for a culture of uncertainty.
Marriage and children are more extinct in Japan than they are here. They are more extinct in Europe than they are here. And China is still struggling with a bigger social fallout headed its way.
Japanese modernism has made for a conservative society of the elderly. That is what Europe nearly had a few decades ago and it is what it would have had if it hadn't overfilled its cities with a tide of immigrants. Japan survived the consequences of its social implosion only because of its dislike for immigration. If not for that, Japan really would have no future the way that the European countries which have taken in the most immigrants have traded their past and their future for the present.
That conservatism helped freeze Japan in time, that time being the cusp of the 90s when Japan was at its peak, and crippled its corporations and its culture, but also made the return of the right to power possible. It's far from certain that a conservative revolution can save Japan, but so far it has a better shot at it than we do.
A society of the elderly may be slow to turn around, but it's less likely to drive off a cliff without understanding the consequences than the youth-worshiping voting cultures of America and Europe. Japanese political culture may be lunatic, but even they wouldn't have elected a Barack Obama. The prospect of an American Shinzō Abe backed by a right-wing coalition winning are poor. The last time Americans voted for a conservative message was 1980 and even Reagan's message was leavened by liberal ideas. A genuinely conservative resurgence in which the type of politician who might have run for office in 1922 could become president on a similar platform is nearly inconceivable.
Japan is a long way from fixing itself. As a country and a society, it's still peering into the abyss.
The cultural eccentricities that Americans fixate on come from a society of young men unmoored from normal human connections, a decline of national values and an obsession with trivial consumerism– all commonplace elements in postmodern American and European life. The difference is that Japan got there first.
The loonier elements of American pop subcultures were predated by Japan. Indeed the latter are often influenced by the former. The same holds true with petty plastic surgeries, a truly epic plague among Asia's newly rich, and some of the more ridiculous accessories for living a life with no meaning or human companionship, but we're all going to the same place. Just not at the exact same speed.
The common problem is that our journey has no meaning. The postmodern world of robots, fast trains and handheld computers is shiny, but not meaningful. It's less meaningful than the earlier technological achievements that saved lives and made ordinary prosperity possible.
We can go fast, but no matter how fast we go, we seem to keep slowing down. That's what Japan found out. Its decline was social. And social decline translates into a technological decline, because technological innovation is powered by a society, not some soulless force of modernism. Innovation must have goals. And those goals must be more than mere technology. They must emerge from some deeper purpose.
American innovation hasn't halted entirely because its tech culture had enough purpose to make the latest set of digital revolutions possible. But each revolution has slowed down, becoming another shopping mall with microprocessors, replicating the Japanese problem. And at some point we'll run out of revolutions and be left with the skeleton of a digital shopping mall that is no longer anything but a place to buy more things.
A healthy culture transmits values. When it stops doing that, it dies. When the values no longer seem to be applicable, than the culture hunts around for new values, it undergoes a period of confusion while its forward motion slows down. That is where Japan is now. It's where America has arrived.
The values of the left, that are present in both Japan and America, are a cultural suicide pact.The left pretends to add a spiritual dimension to modernism. It has been peddling that lie for two centuries and it has yet to deliver. In countries where it wielded full control, there was neither modernism nor values. Russia destroyed the economic, technological and spiritual potential of generations of its people. China is trying to use Communist values to avoid turning into another Japan, not realizing that those are little better than the collective obligations with which Japan rushed into the future.
As America gazes at the ruins of Detroit and the insanity spewed forth by a digital frontier that increasingly looks every bit as eccentric and toxic as anything coming out of Japan, it is all too clear that we are Japan. There is no unique insanity in East, only a common disintegration of values in the East and the West. Continue reading
Outsourcing Maternity
If you thought the modern world couldn't get any more messed-up in its understanding of reproduction and the family, you need turn no further than the WSJ weekend section, and a feature article on people hiring surrogate mothers from India to bring their children to term.
According to Hrishikesh Pai, a Mumbai-based in-vitro fertilization specialist and vice-president of the Indian Society for Assisted Reproduction, India now has about 350 facilities that offer surrogacy as a part of a broader array of infertility-treatment services, triple the number in 2005. Last year, Dr. Pai says, about 1,000 pregnancy attempts using surrogates were made at these clinics. This year, he estimates the figure will jump to 1,500, with about a third of those made on behalf of parents from outside India who hired surrogates.
Rudy Rupak, president of PlanetHospital, a California-based medical-tourism company, says that in the first eight months of this year he sent 600 couples or single parents overseas for surrogacy, nearly three times the number in 2008 and up from just 33 in 2007. All of the clients this year went to India except seven who chose Panama. Most were from the U.S.; the rest came from Europe, the Middle East and Asia, mostly Japan, Vietnam, Singapore and Taiwan.
Mr. Rupak says that because of growing demand from his clients for eggs from Caucasian women, he's started to fly donors to India from the former Soviet republic of Georgia, where he has connections with clinics. The first woman arrived last month. A PlanetHospital package that includes an Indian egg donor costs $32,500, excluding transportation and hotel expenses for the intended parent or parents to travel to India. A package with eggs from a Georgian donor costs an extra $5,000.
For the Indian surrogates themselves, it's an experience often fraught with emotional conflict. In most cases, the egg comes either from the woman who wants to become a mother but can't carry a child, or from an egg donor. The egg is then fertilized with sperm from the intended father, or a sperm donor, and implanted in the womb of a surrogate who bears the child. Sometimes, no money changes hands, particularly when a friend or relative acts as the surrogate. Alternatively, it's a commercial transaction, which is almost always the case in India for would-be parents from overseas.
Still, it's a way to raise money in sometimes desperate circumstances. Take Sudha, a 25-year-old mother of two who now works as a maid in Chennai earning $20 a month. She owes moneylenders about $2,700, borrowed to pay bribes to secure a government job as a streetsweeper, which never materialized. A neighbor told her she could earn about $2,000 at a local clinic by bearing a child for an infertile couple. She gave birth in July 2008 — and is haunted by the memory. "Whenever I have free time and I lie down, I think about the child. I pray that the child is safe and happy and is taken care of well."
Continue reading
"Taken" Some Life Lessons
I saw the movie with Liam Neeson entitled "Taken", the other night. It is the ultimate 'Dads protecting daughters' fantasy. It plays on a whole lot of primal emotions- particularly the temptation to give oneself over to extreme violence to protect the lives and sanctity of one's children. Every father wants to imagine himself capable of defending his beloved children from any and all threats- and the father in "Taken" was that ultimate fatherly force. He represented more of a divine Angelic father who slays spiritually evil forces, than a realistic earthly dad- and as such I was able to excuse the incredible violence as something of a parable of ultimate accountability for those humans who perpetrate the evils of human trafficking and slavery.
The Culture of Death and Consumerism
Contributor Joe Hargrave posted a link to an interesting new essay of his today on the topic of the Culture of Death and its connections to consumerism. It's an interesting essay, and I encourage people to read it. I do not pretend to similar length or erudition in this piece, but in formulating some thought about Joe's essay I realized that it would be very long for a comment, so I'm writing it up as a post here instead.
There are a lot of things I found interesting and wanted to discuss (or dispute) in your essay — perhaps in part because I get the impression that our areas of historical knowledge are somewhat non-overlapping (I know most about 3000 BC to 400 AD, you seem to be most expert on the last two centuries), and the person who imagines himself an expert in anything invariably has all sorts of quibbles with what the "outsider" writes. However, I'm going to try to stick to what I think is my most central critique.
Joe finds at the root of the culture of death the materialistic and individualistic phenomenon of modern consumerism, and about consumerism he says the following, beginning with a quote from Pope John Paul II:


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Spring Has Sprung!
April 26, 2012 by Ellen
Filed under Core Blog, Cosmo Cricket, Provocraft, Sizzix
How much do you love gardening?
I know I do and getting seed packets with the boys every spring is so much fun.
Design Team Member Char Dobson created these cute seed packets using loads of Core'dinations and her Cricut. She can work her magic on that thing! And Core cuts beautifully. AND don't forget to emboss those images after you cut them.
Don't you love how the cabbage looks embossed with Tim Holtz Sizzix brick embossing folder??? It looks so realistic. The base of the packets are Cosmo Cricket Core Impressions found here.
Sweet Stamp Shop DAY FOUR!
April 19, 2012 by Ellen
Filed under Core Blog, Cosmo Cricket
Gooooood Morning! Man, Day FOUR already? Time flies when you are inspired, huh?
We are here this week with some fun projects from Sweet Stamp Shop Stamps. You know the drill…comment here on the blog ALL WEEK long AND over on our FACEBOOK PAGE for the chance to win some Core goodies. Make sure you check out their store for some CUTE stamps and their blog for a chance to win, too!
Today Design Team Member Debbie Standard is up again today with more cards. She just knocks them out left and right and these two cards are no exception..she worked the Sweet Stamp Shop stamps!
Does this Woodgrain cardstock look familiar? Well….it is just TOO perfect with this fun little raccoon! And Whitewash is just the perfect accent for clouds, don't you think?
And our 6×6 Spotted Collection pads are perfect for all you cardmakers!!!
make sure you check out our GRAND PRIZE GIVEAWAY going on right now. It's HUGE…a value of over $700!!!! So make sure you enter today AND tell your friends! {when you enter it will give you the chance to send emails to your friends and share on Facebook) The MORE we get signed up, the bigger and more frequent we giveaway prizes!
April 4, 2012 by Ellen
Filed under Basic Grey, Core Blog, Cosmo Cricket
Spring Break, Easter..
That is what these gorgeous pottery pieces remind me of. And our team has chosen this as their Colour Inspiration piece for the month of April.
First up we have a layout from Design Team Member Lydia Jackson. Lydia used some BasicGrey Core Impressions and Cosmo Cricket Core impressions with some Core Essentials. It looks awesome with all of that October Afternoon, don't you think?
And do you see the yellow tag?! We are in love with tags here at Core! This one is from the pastels collection of the Core Tags series. You will LOVE them and they each come with a gorgeous, metal grommet….same GREAT Core'dinations Cardstock just in a tag.
Lydia used this Pinterest inspired photo found here on our Colour Lover's board.
Edited: For the past few months we have issued a challenge around our Pinterest board called Colour Lover's. Sorry for the confusion but we are not offering a prize for this challenge at this time due to our GRAND PRIZE GIVEAWAY going on right now. It's HUGE…a value of over $700!!!! So make sure you enter today AND tell your friends! {when you enter it will give you the chance to send emails to your friends and share on Facebook) The MORE we get signed up, the bigger and more frequent we giveaway prizes!
Taking Core off the page..
March 26, 2012 by Ellen
Filed under Core Blog, Cosmo Cricket
And onto the Wall!
Yes, you heard us right…today we have a fun project for you that takes Core'dinations off the page and will help you stay organized. It doesn't get any better than that, does it?
Design Team Member Char Dobson created this wipe board using loads of Core, including one of my favorites, the Cosmo Cricket neutrals collection pack. The teal in this collection is such a gorgeous color and you can never have too many circles!
Don't forget your Sand It Gadget to get that perfect sanded look. We hope you are inspired to take your Core off the page!
What a great way to stay organized AND it looks awesome, too!
Monday, Monday!
February 27, 2012 by Ellen
Filed under Core Blog, Cosmo Cricket
Boy it just sneaks up on you, doesn't it?
AND so does the end of the month!
With that comes a close to our February Colour Lover's Challenge!
Don't forget to post your projects here or link on Facebook for the chance to win an awesome prize pack of Core!
Here is our inspiration piece found here on Pinterest:
And if you are on Pinterest make sure you follow Core'dinations!
And here is a layout from Design Team Member Debbie Standard:
Make sure you check out the awesome Cosmo Cricket Core Impressions, embossing and all that Gorgeous sanding!!!!!
January Colour Lover's Challenge
December 29, 2011 by Ellen
Filed under Core Blog, Cosmo Cricket, May Arts Ribbon, Maya Road
WE are a bit early posting this but we thought since some people may be off due to the Holidays that you could get a jump start for January!
All entries are due by January 31st either link to this post or posted on Facebook. Please note: due to CHA falling at this time, we may be delayed in posting a winner until the 2nd week in February.
Are you on Pinterest? Make sure you follow us if you are. We loooooooooove pinning! 🙂
Today's layout is from Designer Ellen Sosnoski. I used Vintage Cardstock and Cosmo Cricket Core Impressions for this layout and lots of layering! Love love to layer as much Core as I possibly can!
The little hearts are a Cuttlbug die…I use this one all the time! And the flower is cut from some May Arts ribbon.
Remember you must use Core'dinations Cardstock on your project. Cards, layouts…anything will do just make sure you use some Core and you know how we love techniques 😉
Due by January 31st, 2012 link to THIS post or on our Facebook page.


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The Los Angeles Dodgers started the 2013 season in an enviable position—they had veteran starters in abundance.
Their mettle is now being tested, as that abundance is now a shortage.
The Dodgers announced on Tuesday that starting pitcher Chad Billingsley will undergo Tommy John surgery on Wednesday, ending his season. It was another setback for a team that's already seen its share early on. The Dodgers will be tested for sure.
Teams can use injuries as a rallying cry. When first baseman Joey Votto went down with a knee injury after the All-Star break last season, the Cincinnati Reds were 33-16 during his absence. A number of players stepped up at different times to help pick up the slack.
Whether or not the Dodgers can mimic last year's Reds team remains to be seen—they have a few other injury concerns as well.
Billinglsey's season-ending surgery isn't the only debilitating injury to occur this month. We'll take a look at several other serious injuries and rank them accordingly in terms of the strain it places on their team.


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All Sales 96071P Grille Emblem
Buy this All Sales Grille Emblem 96071P Polished - Chevrolet Bow-Tie - w/Border at Mudflaps.com with the lowest prices online for all All Sales aftermarket parts & accessories.
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All Sales Grille Emblem P/N 96071P Features:
The following are a list of features for the All Sales P/N 96071P Grille Emblem on sale at Mudflaps.com.
- Crafted From 6061-T6 Aircraft Aluminum
- All Available In Several Finishes
- Finishes Inc. Polished/Chrome/Black Powder Coat
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AMI carries the largest line of accessories to enhance your car or truck. Whether you drive a Chevy, Ford, Dodge, Jeep and Nissan you�ll surely to find exactly what you need, by simply searching our product database.
Shipping Information
- Item Requires Shipping
- 0.8 lbs.
- W5.0000" x H0.5000" x L11.0000"
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PB Classic Fireplace Single Screen
- Overview
The simple, straightforward profile of our Classic Fireplace Collection works equally well in casual or formal rooms.
- Crafted of pounded cast iron.
- Screen features center panels that open for easy access.
- Imported.
- Tool set includes tongs, broom, shovel and poker.
- Screen and tool set are sold separately.
- Dimensions & Care
- Single Screen: 41" wide x 33" high
- Log Holder: 15" wide x 14" deep x 27" high
- Wipe with a soft dry cloth.
- Avoid cleaners and abrasives as they may damage finish.
- For indoor use only.
- Use caution when handling screen and tools, as they will become hot when placed near the fire.
- Keep out of reach of small children; never leave a fire unattended.
- Shipping & Return Info
This is a general shipping item.
Shipping Information
Hassle Free Returns
We take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of each and every Pottery Barn product and we hope you love your purchase. If for any reason you do not, you have 30 days – or 7 days for all Quick Ship upholstery items – to return your purchase for a full refund or exchange. You can return most non-furniture items to your local Pottery Barn store, free of charge.
Delivery fees are non-refundable and prior purchases are not eligible for a price adjustment. The following items are non-eligible for returns or exchanges:
- Monogrammed items
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- Special-order items (including made-to-order upholstery and custom order rugs)
- Final Sale items (identified by a price ending in $.X7 or $.X9)
- Items damaged through normal wear and tear.
Questions? See our full Return Policy.


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Join the Conversation
I agree, Steve. Got this
Posted by Anonymous on Mar 15, 2011 - 02:18 pm.
I agree, Steve. Got this when it was released and love it.
While the most tried-and-true way to say "I'm a serious American roots artist" is to book Emmylou Harris to sing backup, a close second is to get T-Bone Burnett to be your producer. If this Allman-Burnett collaboration is predictable, it's also terrific. The Gregg Allman name evokes southern rock's worst excesses, but the singer-keyboardist is deeply steeped in traditional blues as well—and the latter is what's on display in his first solo record in 14 years.
Most of the songs are classics by the masters who shaped Allman's work. The hotshot band features Dr. John on piano. As in most recent Burnett projects, the players find a warm, distinctive groove and then largely stay out of the way. That's great, because Allman sounds better than ever.
I agree, Steve. Got this when it was released and love it.


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Another brilliant off topic post from ELH. Psychobitch from the north.The DiDuchie/Studly online bromance continues You two boys really need to stop acting like adolenct delusionalpreteen girls, you know the cluless little twits who think the entire world is hanging on their every word. Time for you fellas to get a room, or at least start PMing each other.
Seriously... STFU it's getting creepy.
Aren't you that whack job used to brag how many flat screen TVs you had? Whining about your crippled hands? Wanted for burning churches down?


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Property: BEST WESTERN Jaco Beach All Inclusive ResortAddress: Pastor Diaz Ave, Jaco, Costa Rica
Phone Number:
Location: Costa Rica > Province of Puntarenas > Jaco
Bar / Lounge Beach Business Center with Internet Access Free Breakfast Free High Speed Internet ( WiFi ) Free Parking Children Activities (Kid / Family Friendly) Restaurant Swimming Pool
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- BEST WESTERN Jaco Beach All Inclusive Resort Costa Rica


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Living Room Ideas
Get inspired by the hottest trends in living room furniture and decor. Shop our huge selection of living room furniture and decor at Overstock.com.
Great rug, colors as described and easy to clean....
ITEM#: 13039197Shield your hard floor from the ravages of frequent use with this protective area rug from Safavieh. Strong polypropylene construction supplies durability, making this piece perfect for large-family homes with an abundance of foot traffic. The medium-low pile is easy to maintain, so you can use the rug in an area where you spend a lot of time.
|Olefin, Polypropylene
|Weave Type
|Rug Type
|9' x 12'
|Model Number
|Country of Origin
I have had the rug for several months now and waited to write a review until I could give an informed review. It arrived timely and I opened it up. There was no smell and we rolled it out and put weights in the corners. The next day it was as if it had been in place for months, no wrinkles. It does not shed, it is comfortable to walk on and adds to the room. I have gotten many complements on it and everyone has been surprised by what I paid. I am well pleased and would purchase it again. My dogs my be the happiest as they lay on the rug rather than in their beds. Guess they find it soft as well.Read More
Average quality for the price. I'm satisfied.Read More
Great rug, colors as described and easy to clean.Read More
i am not pleased with the quality of the rug. Te carpet does not stay flat on the floor. The color of the carpet is somewhat different than what was in the picture in the siteRead More
I can only say that the colors are off based on what I saw online. Online say's that it's Rust but it's more red which really disappoint me. Also for a rug that was retailed at $900, I thought that it would have been thicker........not!Read More
Received this rug only 3 days after ordering!!! Arrived well-packaged for shipping. I was hoping for a rug with more maroon than rust, but after getting over the initial realization, I am so very pleased with this rug! I receive so many compliments on it. I bought this rug to place on our hardwood floor in our living room, due to the fact that we have crawling grandbabies - it doesn't disappoint in the least for this purpose! It looks like a much more costly rug, and with the suggested premium rug pad, is very plush and soft for the babies! Would I have rather had a different color? Perhaps, but I am far too happy with it to return it. At this price, I could replace it whenever I am ready!!!Read More
Get inspired by the hottest trends in living room furniture and decor. Shop our huge selection of living room furniture and decor at Overstock.com.
When furnishing your home, a rug can really bring your whole look together, no matter what your design. We'll help you find an area rug that's right for you.
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Shag rugs are making a comeback, being used in a more contemporary fashion that works with multiple home styles. Made with a pile that is longer than one inch, shag rugs are incredibly soft and add visual depth to your home.
Finding a perfect kitchen rug will give your kitchen the inviting feel of a gathering space while protecting floors from high foot traffic. Whether your kitchen floor is hardwood, linoleum, or tile, adding a kitchen rug has many advantages. Follow these tips to ensure you pick the perfect rug to suit your specific tastes.
If you want to refresh your home this spring, new pendants and lamps help create a chic, brightening effect.
The glitter and glamour of gold is catching the eye as a 2015 home decor trend.
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Safavieh Lyndhurst Traditional Oriental Ivory/ Rust Rug (9' x 12')
Sale: $254.99


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(average rating based on 17 reviews)
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( 1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Great set
By lovetoshop
from Ottawa, ON
I bought this in the blue multi in XS. I have a lot of Kim's pieces, and wear and enjoy them all. Having this as a two-piece takes the work out of matching, which is why I have worn it many times, and received lots of compliments. Good quality and workmanship, and the fit is right on. Thanks Kim and TSC. Keep it up.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Love this set
By Grandma Pauline
from Niagara Falls Ont.
I ordered this set in the Jade multi. I have many of Kim's pieces and love them all. The colours in the tunic are very vibrant and it is a nice weight. The pants are a bit light weight but they go well with the tunic. Would not hesitate to buy anothr set. Way to go Kim.
( 3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
perfect set
By natipaula
from vancouver
i have 5 sets and absolutely love them .i love them so much i bought a set for my sister in germany as a gift . the pants material is thinner than i expected but feels and fits beautifully on .my sister is sending a rave review after receiving the set .a perfect addition to my summer wardrobe and now hers
Good week end set
By Kulwinder
from Calgary,Ab
Top is good and perfect size.Bottom is really cheap fabric but comfortable.
( 4 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
Black be gone!
By Lyn
from London, Ontario
I am a girl who LOVES black, to me black IS a colour! I love Kim & Co. and I have collected a lot of 'black' items. Kim's love of prints/color is contagious, she has inspired me with her fabulous designs to step out of my comfort zone. I ordered 2 sets of the 3/4 Sleeve Tunic with Denim Knit Pants (live in these pants=>so comfortable). What I like most is the cut of this Tunic...the neckline, how the tunic fits comfortably around the hip area and is cut up a little on the sides=>very flattering. I do like a long sleeve top best but I like this tunic so much that the sleeve length has become a non-issue for me. I ordered the Blue Multi and the Jade Multi the later which is a 'wild' print (for me). Surprising myself, I feel snazzy in this colourful print...like I am stepping out and of course, loving the compliments I am getting. Who knew? Kim has 'won' me over to colour, and I'm loving it!
By LADY DI
from Burnaby,B.C.
Just love my multi-blue paisley 3/4 sleeve top with slim fit white pants from KIM&Co.So in style,beautiful design as Kim always delivers. Great fabric,out of the box onto the hanger,no wrinkles,just ready to wear.
perfect fit
By Sheila
from Calgary
I just love Kim & Co. I ordered the Jade Multi and the taupe multi and I just love these outfits. They are so comfortable and the pants are very slimming. I have washed them and they turned out perfect. Everything I have ever ordered from Kim in my size always fits the way it should. Thank you Kim & Co.
( 2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
Super Comfortable, Pretty Colours!
By DIANA
from OSHAWA
I ordered the Jade Multi based on the size chart measurements and the fit is true to size. I wore this outfit on my trip down south because it's so light, so comfortable and the colours are so vibrant. Love this outfit and would not hesitate to recommend it to anyone.
( 2 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
Very Comfy, Nice Fit
By Dawn
from Victoria, BC
I could wear these as pjs as they are so comfy. Unfortunately, I can only give four stars as I find the pants quite thin - the term "denim" is very misleading - I was really hoping for a heavier fabric because of that term. But for the showstopper price I am quite pleased overall. I also made the mistake of putting the pants in the dryer for a few minutes to ease out a bit of wrinkling and they did shrink a tiny bit.
Mostly Happy
By Jers
from Gravenhurst, ON
When I first opened the package I was a little disappointed in the quality of the pants. However, I tried them on and thought they were okay, as they are summer fabric and surprisingly were very comfortable and looked good. The tops are amazing and I too agree with the others in how the top hangs just right and the colours are beautiful! I bought two sets, the white and the black pants. They have washed well too!


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The date for unification of labour card and Emirates ID card is not yet finalised, according to the UAE labour minister.
The incorporation of the UAE labour card into Emirates ID card is still an idea and has not yet reached the stage of application. It requires great coordination with other institutions, especially the Emirates Identity Authority (Eida) and the Ministry of Interior, said Saqr Ghobash, UAE Minister of Labour.
He was clarifying media reports quoting Eida officials as saying the two cards could be merged before the end of next year.
Saqr Ghubash said more than a million workers have obtained the ID card in Dubai.
He said that the earlier June 2013 deadline was for the population to register.
Meanwhile, Dr Mohammed Al Khouri, Director-General, Eida, told Emirates24|7, the authority is co-ordinating with the Labour Ministry and is looking into implementing a unified ID card. He said it is awaiting a decision by the Labour Ministry to carry out such a step.
He added that it may become a possibility by 2013 if the population register project is complete.
Dr Khouri also added that not only will labour card be unified, but other cardss such as health cards and insurance cards will also be merged with ID cards.
He said the authority has almost completed the population registration project.
Labour Card to be replaced by Emirates ID


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Maison Martin Margiela 'Replica - Funfair Evening' Fragrance
Screams and laughs, walkabouts through stalls, explosions of colors and scents, overwhelming sweetness in the air. In the warm night air, the sound of laughter and playful melodies. The obscurity is broken by splashes of multicolored neon. Color reigns vibrant and explosive. An odor of candy fills the air.The silhouette ... Learn More


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Document Readers >
Codeline Readers
Want to learn more? Contact us.
3M™ CR100/CR100M Document Readers:
Efficient and compact, the 3M™ CR100/CR100M Document Readers: is able to read codeline data from passports, IDs and other machine readable documents.
The 3M™ CR100/CR100M Document Readers: features:
Product Information Sheet [PDF 471KB]
Technical Data Sheet [PDF 100KB]
3M™ RTE6700 and 3M™ RTE6701 Document Readers
The 3M™ RTE6700 Document Reader is a bidirectional OCR and MSR data capture reader and the 3M™ RTE6701 Document Reader is a bidirectional OCR data capture reader.
The 3M™ RTE6700 Series Document Readers feature:
Product Information Sheet [PDF 378KB]
Technical Data Sheet [PDF 378KB]
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