text:
|[TowerTalk] cax under a driveway
|email@example.com (Gary J. Ferdinand W2CS)
|Mon, 23 Apr 2001 19:52:53 -0400
There is a way, but wait until all frost is over. First, wear very old clothes and wear glasses. This is messy. Use a high pressure water source (such as those used to pressure wash houses) directed into a PVC pipe which will eventually go under the driveway completely. Assuming no rocks on the way, the high pressure water will mudify (to coin a new verb) the soil under the driveway, driving it out the pipe where you are sitting (thus, the need for old clothes). As the water does its thing, push the pipe in further, etc. When you're done, the pipe will sit astride and under the driveway. It helps immensely to have dug out a channel on both sides of the driveway to avoid tunneling into the next state and for ease of feeding the PVC pipe. The PVC, once totally under the driveway, can now be used as a means of routing the coax and can easily just stay in place. Have fun playing in the mud! GL/73, Gary W2CS | -----Original Message----- | From: email@example.com | [mailto:email@example.com]On Behalf Of Tom Martin | Sent: Monday, April 23, 2001 7:43 PM | To: email@example.com | Subject: [TowerTalk] cax under a driveway | | | I was wondering if anyone knows a way to dig a hole under a concrete | driveway? The coax from my tower would either have to be elevated 12 | feet above the driveway , or buried under it. I am not going to cut a | path through it! Doesn't the city lay pipe under sidewalks without | damaging the existing concrete? | | Thanks, | | Tom W8JWN | | | List Sponsor: ChampionRadio.com - Trylon self-supporting towers, | safety equipment, rigging gear, LOOS tension guages & more! | http://www.championradio.com | | ----- | FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/FAQ/towertalk | Submissions: firstname.lastname@example.com | Administrative requests: firstname.lastname@example.com | Problems: email@example.com | | List Sponsor: ChampionRadio.com - Trylon self-supporting towers, safety equipment, rigging gear, LOOS tension guages & more! http://www.championradio.com ----- FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/FAQ/towertalk Submissions: email@example.com Administrative requests: email@example.com Problems: email@example.com
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subset: commoncrawl


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Country star Trace Adkins checked into rehab to deal with alcoholism after a brawl on a cruise ship, TMZ.com reported.
The 52-year-old singer was the headlining act this week on a country-themed cruise out of Miami. Along the way, he reportedly started drinking and clashed with an Adkins impersonator, who was singing karaoke at a bar on the ship.
After the scuffle, Adkins — who had been sober for more than a decade — arrived in Jamaica and went to rehab.
"Trace has entered a treatment facility after a setback in his battle with alcoholism," his rep told reporters.
The Ladies Love Country Boys singer has been candid about his battle with the bottle, sharing how his loved ones — including his third (and current) wife, Rhonda, and his daughters — staged an intervention for him in 2002.
Other eye-openers
• Actor Chris Hemsworth and wife Elsa Pataky are adding twins to their growing family, Hola! magazine reported. The couple have a daughter, India Rose, 1.
• Ryan Sweeting added an enormous tattoo of his wife's name to his arm this week. The tennis player posted a photo of his new ink on Instagram. He and actress Kaley Cuoco tied the knot on New Year's Eve.
Robert Pattinson recently sold the Los Angeles love nest he once shared with his
Twilight co-star
Kristen Stewart for $6.4 million. They broke up after she was caught cheating with
director Rupert Sanders.
— Compiled by Julia Brinksneader
Today's birthdays
92 • Betty White, actress
83 • James Earl Jones, actor
75 • Maury Povich, talk-show host
72 • Muhammad Ali, boxing Hall of Famer
52 • Jim Carrey, actor
50 • Michelle Obama, first lady
45 • Tiesto, electronic-music disc jockey
43 • Kid Rock, singer


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3 More Rounds Podcast 3/18/11
- Updated: March 18, 2011
The time has come for another edition of the 3 More Rounds Podcast, as this week Igor Frank, fills in for Ryan Bates (who's on vacation) to talk boxing.
WBC welterweight champ Andre Berto joins us on the show to discuss his upcoming bout with Victor Ortiz. Â Berto also talks about handling criticism, a new YouTube series and projects outside of the ring.
Also on the show this week is unbeaten prospect Jorge Diaz, who will fight on the Gamboa-Solis undercard to take on another undefeated prospect in Teon Kennedy. Â Diaz explains why it will be a long (or perhaps short) night for Kennedy.
Plus, we review Sergio Martinez' impressive performance against Sergei Dzinziruk, Andy Lee's come-from-behind KO of Craig McEwan and preview Saturday's bouts featuring Klitschko vs. Solis as well as Bute vs. Magee.


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Gouws, Eleanora; Stanecki, Karen Ab; Lyerla, Roba; Ghys, Peter Da
aEvidence, Monitoring and Policy Department, Switzerland
bStrategic Country Intelligence, UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland.
Correspondence to Eleanor Gouws, UNAIDS, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Tel: +41 22 791 4237; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Objectives: To investigate epidemiological patterns and trends of HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young people aged 15–24 years in the nine countries in southern Africa most affected by the HIV epidemic.
Methods: Data on HIV prevalence among young people in the general population were obtained from national population-based surveys conducted between 2000 and 2007, whereas data on sexual behaviour were obtained from repeat surveys between 1994 and 2007. Linear or exponential regression was used to analyse HIV prevalence trends among young women attending antenatal clinics in recent years.
Results: Patterns of HIV infection among young people are similar across the countries included in this analysis. The prevalence of HIV increases after the age of 15 years, more rapidly among women than among men, reaching a peak among women in their twenties and men in their thirties. Between 2000 and 2007 the prevalence of HIV among antenatal clinic attendees was constant in Mozambique and South Africa and declining in Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, Botswana, Malawi and Zimbabwe, but only reached statistical significance (P < 0.05) in the last three. Changes towards safer sexual behaviour were observed over time among young men and women in the general population in this region.
Conclusion: Sexual behaviour changes among young people are encouraging and are associated with declines in HIV prevalence among young antenatal clinic attendees over time. More research is needed to understand the recent changes and the very high prevalence among young women in this region. Interventions aimed at reducing risky behaviour need to be supported and expanded while incorporating new approaches to prevention.
At the end of 2007, The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that southern Africa accounted for 35% of all people infected with HIV globally, as well as for approximately one third of all new infections and AIDS deaths [1]. In 2007, the estimated national adult HIV prevalence was more than 10% in nine countries: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, all in southern Africa. It is further estimated that more than 40% of all HIV-infected children under the age of 15 years and more than 50% of all HIV-infected women (15 years and older) globally live in southern Africa [1]. In this region, as in sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, women account for more than 60% of all HIV infections. Young people are at especially high risk of HIV infection in southern Africa, and survey data have shown that HIV prevalence increases rapidly after the age of 15 years to a peak among women in their twenties and men in their thirties [2–10].
In this paper we review the epidemiological data of HIV infection among young people in the nine most affected countries in the world in order to assess current patterns and recent trends in HIV infection at a national level, and to make comparisons with recent changes in sexual behaviour among young people.
Epidemiological data for the nine countries listed above were reviewed and secondary analyses were done to assess patterns and trends in the HIV epidemic. Seven countries had conducted national population-based surveys between 2001 and 2007 in which HIV testing had been included. Demographic and Health surveys (DHS) were performed in Lesotho in 2004 [2], Malawi in 2004 [3], Swaziland in 2006/2007 [4], Zambia in 2001/2002 [5] and 2007 [6] and Zimbabwe in 2005/2006 [7], an AIDS Impact Survey was performed in Botswana in 2004 [8], and two large national household surveys were carried out by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in South Africa in 2002 [9] and 2005 [10]. National surveys on HIV and sexual health among young adults were conducted in Zimbabwe in 2001/2002 [11] and in South Africa in 2003 [12]. HIV testing has not been done nationally in Mozambique and Namibia.
HIV prevalence was compared between men and women in different age groups using data from the national population-based surveys, focusing on young people aged 15–24 years. Female to male prevalence ratios were calculated for young people. For three countries with repeat national surveys in recent years (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), a chi-squared test was used to test for trends over time in the HIV prevalence among young men and women.
HIV prevalence data collected by Ministries of Health or National AIDS Councils from young pregnant women (aged 15–24 years) attending antenatal clinics in all nine countries [13–22] were used to assess changes in prevalence over time. The analysis of time trends used only those sites that were consistently included in surveillance between 1998–2000 and 2006–2007. Site-specific data were not available for South Africa, and national estimates from antenatal clinic surveillance reports were used in the analysis. Linear or exponential regression analysis (depending on the time trends) was performed to assess changes in prevalence over time.
Behavioural data collected in repeat national population-based surveys between 1994 and 2007 were analysed to assess changes in behaviour over time. Only data reported in DHS (available at http://www.measuredhs.com/), multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS; available at http://www.unicef.org) or the two national surveys conducted by the HRSC in South Africa [9,10] were used in this analysis to ensure consistency in the methodology. Repeat surveys including relevant behavioural indicators have been conducted in Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia.
Three indicators, as recommended for monitoring and reporting of the Declaration of Commitment made at the 2001 General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS [23], were considered in the analysis: the proportion of young people aged 15–19 years who have had sexual intercourse by the age of 15 years; the percentage of young men and women (aged 15–24 years) who have had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the past 12 months; the percentage of those young men and women (aged 15–24 years) who had more than one partner in the past 12 months and reported using a condom during the last sex act.
For countries with more than one survey, time trends in the indicators were assessed, the percentage change per year was calculated and statistical tests were used to assess the significance of the change over time. When two surveys had been conducted, a chi-square test of association was used, and when more than two surveys had been conducted in the past 10–12 years, a chi-square test for trend was used.
Recent national population-based surveys in which HIV testing was included show rapid increases in HIV prevalence reaching very high levels among women between the ages of 15 and 24 years (Table 1). Among 20–24-year-old women HIV prevalence was greater than 20% in Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa between 2004 and 2005, and 38% in Swaziland in 2006.
The prevalence of HIV among women was generally higher than among men of the same age, with a median female: male prevalence ratio of 3.3 [interquartile range (IQR) 2.2–4.7] among 15–19 year olds, and 2.9 (IQR 2.4–3.3) among 20–24 year olds (Table 1); among all young people aged 15–24 years it was 3.3 (IQR 2.6–3.8). Comparison of the age-specific prevalence among women and men (Fig. 1) shows that the patterns of infection are similar in all countries in southern Africa, with female prevalence rising rapidly from close to zero at the age of 15 years to a peak in their late-twenties, whereas prevalence among men rises more slowly, reaching a peak in their mid–late-thirties. The prevalence of HIV in most countries in the region reaches very high levels. In Swaziland in 2006, for example, the peak prevalence was 49% among women aged 25–29 years and 45% among men aged 35–39 years. In most countries, prevalence peaks at a younger age and at a higher level among women than men, except in Malawi, where prevalence in 2004 peaked at 20.4% among 30–34-year-old men, whereas it peaked at 18.1% among women in the same age group.
HIV prevalence was generally higher among young people (aged 15–24 years) living in urban areas than in rural areas, as shown in Lesotho in 2004 [2] (prevalence in urban areas 15.2% and in rural areas 10.5%), Malawi in 2004 [3] (urban 7.2%, rural 5.8%), Swaziland in 2006/2007 [4] (urban 17.9%, rural 13.3%), Zambia in 2001/2002 [5] (urban 10.6%, rural 5.8%), and Zimbabwe in 2005/2006 [7] (urban 8.0%, rural 7.6%). In South Africa in 2005, HIV prevalence among all young people aged 15–24 years was 6.9% in urban formal areas, 17.8% in urban informal areas, 11.1% in rural formal, and 16.7% in rural informal areas [10]. The median urban: rural ratio for HIV prevalence among young people was 1.35.
Comparing the prevalence in Zambia in 2001/2002 with that in 2007 (Fig. 1) shows how the HIV epidemic has matured over time: the peak prevalence has shifted to older ages, and infection levels among young women have declined. The peak prevalence among adult women was slightly lower in 2007 than in 2001/2002, and peaked at a slightly higher level and at an older age among men in 2007. The female-to-male prevalence ratio for young people aged 15–24 years in Zambia fell from 3.7 in 2001/2002 to 1.58 in 2007 (Table 1). The decline in prevalence among young women in Zambia corresponds to significant behaviour change and Table 2 shows a significant decline in the percentage of young men and women who started having sex before age 15 years, a reduction in the number of sexual partners, and an increase in condom use.
More than one national population-based survey has been conducted in recent years in three countries in the region: South Africa in 2002 [9] and 2005 [24], Zambia in 2001/2002 [5] and 2007 [6], and Zimbabwe in 2001/2002 (youth survey) [11] and 2005/2006 (DHS) [7]. The same methods were used in the repeat surveys in each of the three countries allowing a comparison of prevalence estimates at different time points. The surveys in South Africa were conducted by the HSRC, whereas the surveys in Zambia were conducted by Macro DHS. The national youth survey in Zimbabwe in 2001/2002 employed methods that were similar to those used in the 1999 and 2005/2006 DHS surveys, with similar age distributions for both male and female respondents [11]. The prevalence estimates for young men and women in each of the three countries are shown in Fig. 2. In Zambia, the prevalence fell between 2002 and 2007 among women aged 15–24 years (although not statistically significantly) but not among men. In South Africa the prevalence fell among men between 2003 and 2005, but increased significantly among young women aged 15–24 years (P < 0.01). In Zimbabwe the prevalence fell between 2002 and 2006 and was statistically significant among women aged 15–24 years (P < 0.001), but not among men aged 15–24 years.
In order to assess recent time trends in HIV prevalence, we analysed data collected and published in national surveillance reports, between 2000 and 2007 on HIV prevalence among women (aged 15–24 years) attending antenatal clinics in the nine countries. Sites that were consistently included in national surveillance over time were included in the analysis. In Zambia, national trend data were available for 15–19 and 15–39-year-old women, but not for 15–24-year-old women. Only the trends among 15–19-year-old women were included in this analysis.
Very high prevalence levels have been reported for young pregnant women in all nine countries (Fig. 3). In all countries, except Mozambique and South Africa, regression analysis of recent HIV prevalence data among young women between 1998/2000 and 2005/2007 show declining trends, although these declines were statistically significant (P < 0.05) only in Botswana, Zimbabwe and Malawi. HIV prevalence in Mozambique showed an increase over time between 2000 and 2004, although data for 2004 and 2007 indicate that this trend might be changing.
The prevalence of HIV among young women aged 15–24 years in South Africa appears to have been stable since approximately 2000. To investigate this further, we analysed prevalence trends separately for women aged 15–19 years and 20–24 years between 1995 and 2007 (Fig. 4). Fitted logistic curves show that HIV prevalence has stabilized in both age groups, although at a much higher level among 20–24-year-old women. Only since 2005 have data shown a slight decline in prevalence among young women, although this is not statistically significant.
Behavioural data among young people aged 15–24 years were collected from repeat population-based surveys conducted between 1994 and 2007. Repeat survey data for the three indicators of interest were not available in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. For all countries, except South Africa, data were obtained from DHS (available at http://www.measuredhs.com/). Although data in South Africa were available from the two HSRC surveys conducted in 2002 [9] and 2005 [10] as well as from the sexual behaviour survey conducted among young people by the Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit in 2003 [12], only data from the two HSRC surveys were included in the statistical analysis to ensure that the data collection methods were consistent. MICS surveys (available at www.unicef.org) provided additional information on the age of sexual debut. The results are summarized in Table 2 and Fig. 5 and show encouraging changes towards safer sexual behaviour among young people in this region. Significantly fewer men reported having had sex by the age of 15 years in all countries except in Mozambique, whereas significant changes in this indicator for women were found in Malawi and Zambia (Table 2a). Significantly smaller percentages of men and women indicated having had sex with more than one partner over time in most countries with relevant data, except in Malawi and Namibia where the change among women was not statistically significant, and in South Africa where more men reported having had multiple sex partners in the second survey in 2005 compared with the first survey in 2002. Generally in this region, the percentage of young women included in national surveys who indicated having had multiple sex partners in the past 12 months was below 5% in all countries except in South Africa, where 8.8% of women in 2002 and 6% of women in 2005 reported multiple partners (Table 2b). Although condom use increased over time among young men and women in most countries, it was statistically significant only among young women in Namibia and Zambia (Table 2c). Denominators for this latter indicator were generally small, especially for women, because of the small percentage of women who had multiple partners. Of those young people who had more than one partner in the past 12 months, condom use during the last sexual encounter was reported to be higher than 50% among young men in Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, and among young women in Namibia and Swaziland. Overall in this region, behaviour among young people has become safer over time.
Data collected over time from routine surveillance systems at a national level as well as from recent national population-based surveys in the nine countries in southern Africa show very high HIV prevalence among young women between the ages of 15 and 24 years. The prevalence increases rapidly with age in young women: whereas prevalence is low among 10–14-year-old girls [4,8,10], it rises dramatically from the age of 15 years, reaching 38% among women aged 20–24 years and 49% among women aged 25–29 years in the general population in Swaziland in 2006. HIV prevalence among young women in the general population in southern Africa (as observed in national population-based surveys) ranged from 3.7% among 15–19 year olds and 13.2% among 20–24 year olds in Malawi in 2004 to 10.2% and 38.2%, respectively, in Swaziland in 2006/2007.
Although patterns of HIV infection are similar in all nine countries included in this analysis, it shows that infection rates among young women increase much faster than among men, and the peak prevalence occurs at younger ages among women than men (Fig. 1). For all nine countries, the age-specific prevalence curves are shifted to older age groups in men compared with women, by approximately 5 years. The ratio of the prevalence of HIV infection among women relative to men shows that young women (aged 15–24 years) are approximately 3.3 times (IQR 2.6–3.8) more likely to be infected with HIV than young men in this region. Data collected from national population-based surveys on sexual behaviour, however, indicate that the percentage of young women reported to have had multiple sex partners in the past 12 months is generally low (Table 2). The higher prevalences among young women compared with young men are likely to be related to young women having older male sexual partners, and to young women being biologically more susceptible to HIV infection [25]. Recent studies from South Africa suggest that the rapid increase and high prevalence levels among young women in this region could be associated with per partnership probabilities of HIV transmission from men to women that are higher than those reported elsewhere [26,27].
Prevalence data collected over time among young women attending antenatal clinics show declining trends in most of the countries in this region, although it was statistically significant only in Botswana (between 2001 and 2006), Malawi (between 1999 and 2007) and Zimbabwe (between 2000 and 2006). South Africa and Mozambique were the only two countries in this region in which the fitted trend line between 2000 and 2007 did not show a decline, although data from the last two antenatal clinic surveys in both countries suggest that the prevalence might be starting to fall. Repeat national population-based surveys in Zimbabwe (in 2001/2002 and 2006) and Zambia (in 2001/2002 and 2007) show trends among young women that are consistent with those observed among antenatal clinic attendees: in Zimbabwe prevalence among young women (aged 15–24 years) in the general population fell from17.4% in 2001/2002 to 10.9% in 2007 (P < 0.001), whereas in Zambia it fell from 11.2% in 2001/2002 to 9.5% in 2007 (P = 0.118). In contrast to the stable prevalence trend observed among antenatal clinic attendees in South Africa, however, repeat population-based surveys showed an increase in prevalence among 15–24-year-old women from 12% in 2002 to 16.7% in 2005 (P < 0.01). The difference in trends between antenatal clinic attendees and household survey participants could be ascribed to the different time periods of data collection; the antenatal clinic data were from 2000 to 2007, whereas the household surveys were from 2002 and 2005. In addition, there has been some concern over the high levels of non-response in the household surveys in South Africa and the HIV testing methodologies that differed between the two surveys: saliva tests were used in the first survey [9], whereas venous blood was used in the second survey [10].
National population-based surveys and antenatal clinic surveillance both have strengths and weaknesses [28–30]. Although population-based surveys provide better coverage of the general population, sentinel surveillance provides important information on prevalence trends over time [28]. A major limitation of antenatal clinic surveillance is that young pregnant women in the age group 15–24 years only represent those who are sexually active and who receive antenatal care in public health facilities. Further biases could be associated with limited geographical coverage of antenatal clinic surveillance. Biases in national population-based surveys, on the other hand, are mainly associated with the level of non-response in the survey (absence from the household or refusal to participate) and the exclusion of populations not living in households such as young people living in hostels or in military camps. The two data sources provide important and complementary information on patterns and trends in the HIV epidemic at a national level.
Comparing adult HIV prevalence from national surveys and antenatal clinic surveillance in all countries in sub-Saharan Africa that have conducted national surveys shows that antenatal clinics generally overestimate prevalence in the national population [28]. In five countries in southern and east Africa antenatal clinic-based estimates among young women (aged 15–24 years) were higher than survey estimates for younger women in the antenatal clinic catchment areas, but lower than the estimates for older women, suggesting that women covered by antenatal clinic surveillance are not representative of all women [29]. Data for the nine countries included in this paper also show that prevalence is generally higher among young pregnant women than among young women in the general population. For example, the prevalence among young women aged 15–24 years in the general population in Botswana in 2004 was 18.2%, whereas it was approximately 30% among pregnant women of the same age. In South Africa in 2005 the corresponding figures were 16.7% and 24.4%, respectively, and in Swaziland in 2006, the corresponding figures for women aged 15–24 years were 22.6% and 35%, respectively.
Although sentinel surveillance provides the best source of data on prevalence trends in countries, knowledge of the extent to which prevalence trends among national antenatal clinic attendees represent trends in the general population is limited. Reports from selected communities in Zambia [31,32] and Zimbabwe [33] suggest that trends among young women attending antenatal clinics underestimate declines in HIV in the general population. In Zambia, this difference is partly explained by educational attainment and delays in the age of first pregnancy among young women over time [31]. Furthermore, as quality of surveillance can also change over time, analysis and interpretation of changes in antenatal clinic-based prevalence trends need to be done carefully.
Data on changes in sexual behaviour over time were available from population-based surveys for six of the nine countries, but not for Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. In most of the countries showing declines in HIV prevalence among young women attending antenatal clinics, changes towards safer sexual behaviour over time were also observed among men and women participating in national household surveys. In Malawi between 1999 and 2007, the prevalence of HIV among women attending antenatal clinics declined, whereas the proportion of young women and men who reported having had sex by the age of 15 years declined significantly, the proportion of men who reported having had multiple partners declined, and the number who reported using condoms increased, although the change in the latter indicator was not statistically significant. In Zambia between 2001 and 2007, the prevalence of HIV among young women fell, but not significantly, in antenatal clinic data and repeat population-based surveys conducted in 2001 and 2007. Over the period 1996 to 2007, significant changes were observed in all three behavioural indicators for young men as well as young women in Zambia. The declines in HIV prevalence and associated changes in sexual behaviour are consistent with changes found in selected Zambian communities [32,34,35]. In Zimbabwe, the decline in prevalence among young women over time, observed in both antenatal clinic surveys (2000–2006) as well as from the two population-based surveys (2001/2002 to 2006), is associated with a reduction in sexual experience before the age of 15 years and a significant reduction in the percentage of young women and men who reported having had multiple sex partners between 1999 and 2005. The association between declining prevalence and behaviour change in Zimbabwe has been studied in detail and is also reported elsewhere [33,36,37]. Although the decline in prevalence between 2002 and 2006 among young antenatal clinic attendees in Namibia was not statistically significant, there were significant changes in some of the behavioural indicators; a significantly smaller percentage of young men between 2000 and 2006 reported having had sex by age 15 years, a significantly smaller percentage of men reported having had multiple sex partners, and there was a significant increase in condom use among young women.
Changes in the prevalence of HIV among young women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa were not statistically significant, despite significant changes in some of the behavioural indicators. Between the 2002 and 2005 household surveys in South Africa, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of young women reported having had multiple partners. The opposite was observed for young men, however, among whom there was an increase in the percentage reported having had multiple partners. In contrast, the two national surveys in South Africa showed an increase in prevalence among young women between 2002 and 2005 and a decline in prevalence among young men. Mozambique is the only other country in which the prevalence trend between 2000 and 2007 did not show a decline, while there was a significant increase over time (1997 to 2003) in the percentage of young men, but not in the percentage of young women, who reported having had sex by the age of 15 years.
Estimating the incidence of HIV infection is essential for understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission as well as for targeting and evaluating the impact of prevention programmes [38]. However, while incidence provides a more immediate indicator of impact than prevalence, it is more difficult to measure than prevalence. Direct measures of HIV incidence can be obtained from following cohorts of people over time. Because of the logistical and ethical difficulties of following people until they seroconvert, however, very few cohort studies have been conducted to determine incidence in this region. Where available, these studies are normally only conducted in small areas or communities (such as the Hlabisa community in South Africa [39] and Manicaland in Zimbabwe [40]), and have not been conducted at a national level. There are, however, several other ways of determining incidence. For example, incidence can be determined from laboratory-based techniques that aim to differentiate recent from established HIV infection, using a serological testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS) [41] or using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay [42,43]. Although these methods can add important value to prevalence-based surveillance systems, further research is still being carried out to generalize and validate these methods in different populations [44]. Incidence can also be estimated indirectly using mathematical models to analyse age and time trends in prevalence data [45,46] or to compare the prevalence in a population at two times, allowing for changes caused by new infections and mortality [47]. Such models have been used to estimate incidence in Malawi [48], South Africa [46] and Zimbabwe [45].
An alternative approach to estimating trends in incidence over time is to use a surrogate measure, such as the prevalence among young people aged 15–24 years [49]. As the onset of sexual activity in this age group is expected to be recent, the prevalence in this age group should reflect recent infections. Although the method is not ideal it has been shown that HIV prevalence among young pregnant women (aged 15–24 years) attending antenatal clinics can provide a reasonable indication of the incidence in the population under stable conditions, but needs to be interpreted with caution if there are changes in age patterns or sexual debut [50]. Using trends in HIV prevalence among young antenatal clinic attendees (aged 15–24 years) as a proxy measure for trends in incidence, it would seem likely that the incidence of HIV is declining in most countries in this region.
The changes towards safer sexual behaviour among young men and women in this region are encouraging and are associated with declines in HIV prevalence among antenatal clinic attendees over time in the six countries where such data are available. In all countries with declines in prevalence among young women, significant changes in one or more of the behavioural indicators were observed among young men and women. Caution is needed, however, when interpreting trends from the different data sources, and the tendency to underreport high-risk behaviour may increase over time in countries with severe HIV epidemics [33]. Further analysis of both prevalence and behavioural data are therefore required to provide a better understanding of the changing patterns and the reasons for the changes in behaviour. Regular surveys are needed to monitor trends in HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour among young people, while more research is also needed on the validity of behavioural indicators (e.g. investigating social desirability bias), as well as on the impact of sexual networks, including intergenerational sex and concurrent partnerships.
Despite the declines in HIV prevalence among young people in recent years, data from both antenatal clinic surveillance and national population-based surveys still show that the prevalence among young women is unacceptably high. Current programmes aimed at delaying sexual onset, reducing the number of sexual partners and increasing condom use should be supported and expanded, whereas new approaches such as male circumcision, targeting places that act as nodes for sexual networks [51,52] and perhaps using antiretroviral therapy to reduce HIV transmission [53] should be combined with existing prevention efforts. Further studies are needed to obtain a better understanding of the reasons for the high prevalence among young women as a matter of urgency, and we need to find ways to finally protect young women from becoming infected with HIV.
The authors thank Macro International and UNICEF for providing the behavioural data from DHS and MICS surveys that were used in this analysis, and Dr Brian Williams for valuable comments on the manuscript. An earlier version of this paper was presented at a technical meeting on young women in HIV hyper-endemic countries of southern Africa, organized by UNAIDS and the RHRU, from 18 to 19 June 2008 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Publication of this article was funded by UNAIDS.
Conflicts of interest: None.
epidemiology; HIV; southern Africa; young people
© 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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text: Since my last Post "She Swims" I have been shooting nothing but "Athlete Portraits" and with good reason. The thought of another typical sport picture is enough to make a mom yawn! SO…… here are some of the lucky athlete's who's parents are now proudly hanging their Sports Portraits on the walls of their homes!!! Here's why…………….


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Ubook system is an information-technology company focuses on providing systems or software solutions for the hospitality industry.
Headquartered in Singapore with several offices in Asia, we strive to be a market leader with our innovative products.
With a solid team of IT experts, experienced hoteliers and advanced developed products, Ubook system was created not only to increase online booking ratio but also help hoteliers yield more revenue.
We believe that power can be simple and affordable
Our mission : To provide the most cost-effective tools for growth


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Check in from 15h / Check out prior to 12h
Hyatt Place Seattle/Downtown: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 3 stars hotels in Seattle, United States.
Hyatt Place Seattle/Downtown is situated in the city's well known tourism and shopping area. Just 10 minutes' stroll from Westlake Ave and 7th Ave Station, the hotel offers guests an ideal base when visiting Seattle.
Hotel description
Guests can enjoy relaxing or working out in the hotel's indoor pool and fitness centre. Convenient services include an express check-in feature and a luggage storage facility.
Hyatt Place Seattle/Downtown offers spacious rooms equipped with tea and coffee making facilities, cable/satellite channels and a refrigerator, plus all the necessities to ensure an enjoyable stay. There is also wireless internet access and a desk.
A satisfying breakfast is available for purchase, and there are numerous restaurants and cafés close by.
Seattle's attractions, such as the EMP Museum, Olympic Sculpture Park and Space Needle, are easily accessible on foot from Hyatt Place Seattle/Downtown. The hotel is also surrounded by the area's popular establishments, and Seattle Center, the Seattle Repertory Theatre and KeyArena are a 20-minute walk away.
Hotel features
Disabled Access, Air Conditioned, Non-Smoking Rooms, Refrigerator, Cable / Satellite TV, Coffee / Tea Maker, Hair Dryer, TV, Disabled Accessible Rooms
Elevator / Lift, 24 Hour Reception, Dry Cleaning, Multilingual Staff, Safe-Deposit Box, Meeting Rooms, Laundry service, Desk, Luggage Storage, Express Check-In/Check-Out
Fitness Room/Gym, Swimming pool, Tour Desk, Pool Indoor
Internet Connection (wireless)
Availability and Prices
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Users who viewed Hyatt Place Seattle/Downtown also viewed these 3 stars Seattle hotels:
Roosevelt Hotel
1531 7Th Avenue, Seattle
1531 7Th Avenue, Seattle
Bacon Mansion
959 Broadway East, Seattle
959 Broadway East, Seattle
Fairfield Inn Seattle Sea-Tac Airport
19631 International Blvd, Seattle
19631 International Blvd, Seattle
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Change Market
Build & Price
Compare Specs
CNH Careers
Used Equipment
Cut thick grass and weeds or shred stalks and brush with ease. Add a 770 or 780 Series pull-type rotary cutter to your 60-210 hp tractor equipped with a 540-rpm PTO, and you've got an all-purpose workhorse to take on your toughest jobs. Plus, the flex-wing design provides easy transport between fields and down narrow roads.
Updraft blades provide clean, even cutting, and a choice of two models featuring 120-inch rigid or 180-inch flex-wing cutting widths make short work of large areas and tough conditions.
Built tough for the long haul, these cutters feature heavy-duty, 7-guage decks for superior reliability, replaceable skid shoes and a five-year gear box warranty, limited to defects in workmanship/material, for peace of mind.
These standard features make your workday easier:
Per una posizione ottimale del punto
15 a top e a right


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Thu. 10:25am: YSU gets $440M grant
YOUNGSTOWN – Siemens announced this morning that it is giving a $440 in-kind grant to Youngstown State University's College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).
The grant is a component in the continuing efforts of the new National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute in downtown Youngstown to prepare a modern workforce in the Cleveland-Pittsburgh TechBelt and throughout the United States.
The grant will be used specifically to prepare students for engineering jobs that use the additive manufacturing process.


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Format Maps
Results: 1-1 of 1 | Refined by: Original Format: Maps Remove Date: 1900 to 1999 Remove Part of: Ammem Remove Language: Chinese Remove Contributor: Hebei Sheng (China). Gong Shang Ting Remove
MapZhong hua guo chi di tu. Relief shown by hachures. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Includes tables showing treaties signed by China, and harbors opened for foreign powers. LC copy mounted on cloth backing.
- Contributor: Hebei Sheng (China). Gong Shang Ting
- Date: 1929


text:
MIAMI Burger King Corp. said it has awarded development rights for the island of Curacao to the franchisee group JDA Foods BV, which plans to open six restaurants over the next five years. The first restaurant is expected to open during the first half of this year in the capital city of Willemstad. Curacao, located off the north coast of Venezuela, is part of the Netherlands Antilles."We believe that Curacao is an attractive market with excellent growth potential for the Burger King ...
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text:
A Mild Winter Brings Fewer Searches
Image from: ghido / Shutterstock For most parts of the country, this winter has been relatively snow-free. Here in Boston, we only had 6.8 inches of snow this January—compared to a whopping 60.8 inches last year. Many people are enjoying the break from harsh winter weather, happy to leave their heavy coats and boots at home. However, others are bemoaning the lack of snow, waiting for that one storm that


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TJ was kind enough to take the day off to go fishing with my fiance and I. We picked up some live bait from Inspiration in Boca Lake. Cleared the inlet around 7am. Then quickly put the spread out, 7 lines, something I normally don't do. Usually I fish 5, but TJ had it under control with 7, and we never tangled once. Not long after we hooked in to a nice bull.
With a nice fish in the box we were back on the troll. Picked up one more small schooly. Then we found some birds and threw some live baits in. Hooked in to a nice skipjack and we brought him in on a small spinner 20lb test.
Stayed on the troll for a bit but it seemed the bite shut down around 10:30. TJ suggested we go look for some sails. We started to drift off Highland Beach, got the live baits out and within minutes I lost my first really big sail. Then got the lesson from TJ about floracarbon. 10 minutes later, double header on sails.
Back to the dock by 1pm. One of my best days out front with a nice bull in the box, 2 for 3 on sails, more importantly a good time with a good friend. TJ, YOU THE MAN!


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Lead single (and title track) off Soul Khan and DeeJay Element's upcoming FreEP, dropping later this month. And if for some reason you haven't already, be sure to pick up that Brown Label EP we dropped with the BBAS crew last month.
DOWNLOAD: Soul Khan - Wellstone f. Akie Bermiss (prod. DeeJay Element)


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March 21 — The fire department was dispatched to Sing Lee Alley after a caller reported alarms going off and smelling smoke.
For access to this article please sign in or subscribe.
A caller reported an individual driving without a license.
Police arrested Anthony L. Hansen, 34 on charges of domestic...


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FORT WORTH (AP) - Textron Inc. has fired the top executive of its helicopter division, which is bracing for lower profits, V-22 Osprey production delays and rising costs on another government project.
The Providence, R.I., company fired Terry Stinson as chairman and chief executive of Bell Helicopter in Fort Worth and replaced him with longtime Bell executive and current president John Murphey.
Textron chairman Lewis Campbell said after a review of Bell's operations, "We needed someone at Bell who could tackle cost and program-management issues across the board."
Earlier this week, Textron announced it would cut 2,500 jobs, and Bell's problems will cause Textron to take a $73 million charge against third-quarter earnings.
The company warned Wednesday that it expected to lose about $35 million, or 25 cents per share, in the quarter. The company, which also makes Cessna aircraft, has annual sales of about $13 billion.
Campbell declined to say where job cuts would be made but said he will take a harsher look at the size of the Bell organization.
A memo this month from Murphey, obtained by the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, outlined several problems in the helicopter operation.
Murphey wrote that Bell's 2001 profits are expected to be the lowest since 1992 and its manufacturing work force is expected to decline by 20 percent next year.
Murphey said that increased production of the military Osprey, which was scaled back after two fatal crashes last year, will be delayed two to three years while the aircraft is modified and tested. The Osprey is assembled at Amarillo.
He also said costs have grown unexpectedly on the H-1 helicopter program, Bell's second-biggest government program.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


text:
Netxar offers a broad portfolio of solutions specifically dedicated to attend the service provides internal and external infrastructure. We are focused on the transformation of the mobile, cable and wireline networks and how to enable service providers to increase network efficiency, deploy services, build networks, accelerate demand, and capitalize on today's opportunities. Our Service Provider Business Unit (SPBU) can help service providers to improve customer interactions and quality, reduce costs, and accelerate operational excellence on both their customer-facing and back-office networks.
Netxar assist Service Provider initiatives such as:
- IP Radio Access Networks (RAN)
- 4G WiMAX
- Outdoor Wireless Mesh
- IP NGN Transport
- Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
- Metro-Ethernet
- Carrier Ethernet
- Intelligent Media Caching
- Bandwidth Optimization
- Upstream Caching Solutions
- Accelerate Content Delivery
Various services providers we currently serve:
- High bandwidth service provider
- WiMAX service providers
- Cable TV service providers
- Mobile service providers
- Among others


text:
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Cincinnati topped Pitt yesterday 70 to 61 at the Peterson Events Center . Talib Zanna's 16 points . Pitt is now 12 and 2 on the season .
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Kathleen Smathers


text: song De Javu Calikidd HOTTTTT Calikidd's new mixtape is still on the horizon but the consistency of his drops have not wavered. This rising LA Rapper releases his newest effort, "De Javu," and features the trappy, club-ready production for which he is known. Skeme new song Jay Rock de javu Calikidd


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This L.A. punk quartet believes in brevity. On its self-titled debut, the Jenny Angelillo-led crew bashes through five tracks in just a tick under nine minutes, bashing through songs with all the urgency and violence of brutish World Cup-biter Luis Suarez rumbling his way through a defense.
Fortunately it doesn't take the crew long to leave a mark, and songs like "Throw Away Girl" linger long after the ringing dies down.
The Last Ones and Senior Citizen & the Border Patrol also perform.
Photo courtesy of Neighborhood Brats


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The Story Shack is a daily on-line flash fiction publication that celebrates the collaboration between writers and illustrators. We are proud to say that all stories we publish come with an accompanying illustration.
Your story is forwarded to an illustrator from our pool. Because of this collaboration, we love to see fiction that includes interesting visual elements.
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If you've been to a house party, chances are you've played the word-guessing game Taboo, where you provide verbal clues while avoiding a list of forbidden words so as not to rack up penalty points. Similarly, hiring managers have a sort of "taboo" list of resume terms to help guide them through seemingly countless stacks to find the best candidates.
And who can blame them? 1 in 6 (17 percent) hiring managers on average spend 30 seconds or less reviewing resumes while the majority (68 percent) spend less than two minutes, according to a national CareerBuilder survey of more than 2,000 hiring managers and HR professionals spanning various industries and company sizes.
Worst Resume Keywords
Let's start with the worst, shall we? Take a look at the list of the worst resume terms below — which include clichés and descriptive words that really don't offer useful, objective information — and see if you'd hit the buzzer for any of all of them.
- Best of breed: 38 percent
- Go-getter: 27 percent
- Think outside of the box: 26 percent
- Synergy: 22 percent
- Go-to person: 22 percent
- Thought leadership: 16 percent
- Value add: 16 percent
- Results-driven: 16 percent
- Team player: 15 percent
- Bottom-line: 14 percent
- Hard worker: 13 percent
- Strategic thinker: 12 percent
- Dynamic: 12 percent
- Self-motivated: 12 percent
- Detail-oriented: 11 percent
- Proactively: 11 percent
- Track record: 10 percent
You may also be interested in reading "FAIL! You Won't Believe These Outrageous Job Interview Mistakes."
Best Resume Keywords
On the contrary, there are certain terms — in particular, strong verbs — that hiring managers scan through resumes hoping to find as it provides the insight they need into a candidate's experience and qualifications.
- Achieved: 52 percent
- Improved: 48 percent
- Trained/Mentored: 47 percent
- Managed: 44 percent
- Created: 43 percent
- Resolved: 40 percent
- Volunteered: 35 percent
- Influenced: 29 percent
- Increased/Decreased: 28 percent
- Ideas: 27 percent
- Negotiated: 25 percent
- Launched: 24 percent
- Revenue/Profits: 23 percent
- Under budget: 16 percent
- Won: 13 percent
Tell us in the comments below: Do you more or less agree with the above lists? Which resume words or terms are most useful to you, and which ones do you tend to glaze over?


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|Download PDF Datasheet
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Ecopac UK Power Ltd are an authorised Meanwell UK distributor. Meanwell Power Supplies offer a range of AC to DC and DC to DC power supplies & PSU products. These are available in open frame, enclosed or DIN rail format.Ecopac Power Ltd, Unit 4 Ridgeway, Crendon Industrial Estate, Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire, HP18 9BF
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NEW RICHMOND, Wis. — California's Travis Berryhill won the opening night of the Sasquatch Indoor Nationals presented by Jack Link's Beef Jerky Saturday night at the Cedar Lake Speedway Arena.
The 30-lap feature was the season opener for the the Stark Automotive Group/Mid-State Equipment Badger Midget Series. It also marked the start of the 77th season for Badger, the oldest active sanctioning organization in midget auto racing.
Berryhill jumped into the lead at the start followed by Dave Darland and Berryhill's teammate David Budres. Berryhill increased his lead to three car lengths over Darland by lap five. Berryhill began lapping the tail of the field on lap 11 and increased his lead to 1.8 seconds at the midway point.
Darland, running second tangled with the lapped car of Zach Daum on lap 17, bringing out the caution. Three additional laps were completed before track officials stopped the event to improve air conditions in the 165,000 square foot building.
On the restart ,Berryhill with four lapped car between himself and second place Budres, pulled away from the field.
Thomas Meseraull passed Budres for second place with four laps remaining. Berryhill driving the Manic Racing owned Stealth/Fontana No. 11, finished 3.30 seconds ahead of Meseruall, Budres, David Gough and Daniel Robinson.
"It's great to finally get a victory in Badger," Berryhill said. "We worked really hard to achieve this win, the staff track did a great job putting this event together." commented Berryhill.
Ryan Schuur passed Bradan Fickas, with seven laps remaining to the 25-lap Badger 600 Micro feature.
The finish:
Travis Berryhill, Thomas Meseraull, David Budres, David Gough, Daniel Robinson, Danny Stratton, Tracy Hines, Brad Kuhn, Jon Stanbrough, Dylan Peterson, Brandon Waelti, Andrew Fleker, Dave Darland, Colten Cottle, Ryan Wilson, Jake Neuman, Jake Blackhurst, Cody Ledger, Zach Daum, Billy Balog, Buddy Luebke, Robbie Ray.


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I think it is easy for modern people to read Paul and surmise that he
wishes we did not have to deal with physical bodies. To those of us
used to thinking of the spirit/soul and the body as totally separate
thing, Paul's "spirit" - "flesh" contrast can sound like "spirit good,
body bad." But I don't think Paul shares our spirit-body duality.
After all, he insists tha
I stumbled upon this blog post
tonight. The pastor is explaining why his church will disband weekly
worship in favor of an extremely intense discipleship ministry and a
once a month large meeting.


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Latest Comments
Tender and Juicy Slow-Cooker Meatballs
Can you clarify on the garlic? The ingredients call for 12 minced cloves, divided; step 1 calls for all of the garlic but then it makes an appearance in step 5.
What to do with bottom-shelf amaretto?
So many good suggestions! Now I feel like I don't have enough amaretto. Thanks all!


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Oral history interview with Ernest Junker, 1967 Dec. 5
Junker, Ernest
Active in Detroit, Mich.
Sound recording: 1 sound tape reel (45 min.) ; 7 in.
Transcript: 21 p.
Collection Summary: An interview of Ernest Junker conducted 1967 Dec. 5, by Garnett McCoy and William Bostick, for the Archives of American Art.
Biographical/Historical Note: Ernest Junker was an art club manager in Detroit, Mich. He was manager of the Scarab Club from 1929-1966.
This interview is part of the Archives' Oral History Program, started in 1958 to document the history of the visual arts in the United States, primarily through interviews with artists, historians, dealers, critics and others.


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The Indian men's archery team got a much needed boost to their preparations for next year's London Olympics after Olympic Gold Quest (OGQ), a non-profit organisation, on Tuesday announced their support to the prospective medal winners.
The Indian men's recurve team, which comprises of Rahul Banerjee, Tarundeep Rai and Jayanta Talukdar, is currently ranked fourth in the world and remain a prospective medal contenders in the forthcoming mega event.
"Both Rahul and Tarundeep have the required talent and experience to win medals at the Olympics. They need to be managed in a proper scientific manner," OGQ chief executive officer (CEO) and former India hockey player Viren Rasquinha, said.
"Our research team feels that the priority is to provide them with world class equipment, more foreign exposure for training and a mental trainer," the former Olympian added.
Banerjee said that OGQ's support could make an impact to the archers' Olympic preparations.
"We do need specialised support, especially in terms of world class equipment and a psychologist. OGQ support can make a significant impact to our Olympic preparations," Banerjee was quoted as saying by the organisation's website.
"The OGQ team has already made us feel very comfortable and built a lot of trust which is essential to success. This is a big boost to our confidence and preparations for the London Olympics," said Rai, who became the first Indian to win an individual men's silver medal in archery at 2010 Asian Games in Gaungzhou, China.
Banerjee and Rai have won two golds and a silver medal in the three archery World Cups, as part of Indian Men's Recurve team in the last one year.
The duo also played a vital role in helping the Indian Recurve team win a bronze at last year's Asian Games.


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Yeah, yeah, it's all about Halo 3 lately, but there's an older shooter that demands your attention: Gears of War.
While creator CliffyB is tight-lipped about any sequel plans for the blockbuster, he had a little to say about the Gears of War movie.
- It's being developed at New Line cinema with Stuart Beattie, who wrote Pirates of the Caribbean.
- The screenwriter is a fan, who beat the game several times and is hooked on multi-player.
- Cliffy on working with NewLine: "Partnering with New Line on the movie is like partnering with Microsoft on Gears. You know Microsoft knows how to get Halo out there and market it and help facilitate a blockbuster experience. New Line, having done Lord of the Rings, they know how to back a very risky but also a potentially very lucrative franchise and make sure it's treated with the respect it deserves.
- Cliffy says: "The fact that Gears is an M-rated franchise and involves people getting chainsawed in half, it's got to be a pretty f***ing hardcore movie."
GameDaily: CliffyB Talks 'Gears' Movie


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Bali has become one of the best tourist destinations of world. In fact, more than a million travellers from around the world arrive to the island every year.
Many tourists choose Bali for their holidays rather than other destinations like Phuket villas in Thailand , for several reasons. The tropical climate for example is ideal for holidays with a comfortable temperature around 30 degrees all year long. The rainy seasons is short and also pleasant.
There are lot of accomodations available on the island, from cheap guest house to luxury resorts. Villa rental is also adopted by more and more tourists nowadays, here why.
The Atmosphere
This is not easy to explain the peaceful atmosphere in Bali if you have not been yet but we can really feel a special ambiance in the air.
Villas surrounded by rice fiels offer to guests calm and quietude, ideal for yoga sessions for example.
Sea front properties are also perfect for meditation with the breeze and the endless vista.
Guests can also find nearly everywhere temples, statues and places for devotions, great for mind relaxation. Most of the villas offer to guests excellent comfort, space, and come with staff for a free stress stay.
The Privacy
Another factor that makes villas in Bali so special is their ultimate privacy. With large entrance doors, big walls around and lot of space, balinese villas are perfect for families, group of friends but also honeymooners. This is one of the reason why Bali is one of the preferred honeymoon destination in the world.
The people
Balinese people are very welcome, enjoy a peace and happy living based on community structure called Subak and Banjar. Peoples from Bali are very tolerant with foreigners, friendly with their mystical smile and always here to help if needed. Spending time with local people, share a drink or a diner is worthwhile and this is very easy to make new friends.
The nature
Bali island is very unique and there is no other place like that on earth. The island is very famous for the rice terraces, mostly around Ubud, but tourists can also find white or black sands beaches, worlwide famed surf spots, volcanos, jungle, wildlife diversity and much more. Bali is definitely the paradise for nature lovers.
There are many guide online to find more informations about the richness of Bali, like:
– baliglobe.com
– lonelyplanet.com
If you want to find and book a villa in Bali: balivillasrental.com


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Where Are You?
Perhaps an affluent Cadillac subdivision
By Anne Stanton
On a pretty, sunny afternoon 34 years ago, Pete Smith was at work
building a cabin in the woods north of Cadillac near M-55 and 33 Road.
Smith, a strapping 23-year-old, was running low on logs. He hopped in
his truck and went on a quiet ride down a two-track looking for more.
Twenty minutes later, he came upon a couple of well-dressed Italian
guys dressed in black. His first thought: they were definitely out of
place in the woods.
A taller man was closing the trunk of a large shiny black carmaybe an
Oldsmobile or Buickwith a red interior. At the same time, a second
shorter man was emerging out of the edge of the woods. Their black
hair was slicked straight back.
The men met eyes with Smith and nodded. Smith waved and drove away.
Smith suspected he had stumbled upon two gangsters and feared for his
life. His heart racing, he drove to the dead-end of the two-track, out
of sight of the men, and didnt leave for 45 minutes.
Once he thought it was safe, Smith returned to the spot and walked in
the direction of where he saw the shorter man. After about 25 minutes,
he came upon what appeared to be a freshly dug circle grave about
seven or eight feet in diameter. It was obvious someone was buried
there, he said. Then it hit me. Theres a body here. It dawned upon
me that this was two days after Jimmy Hoffa went missing. This could
be something.
Hoffa, once the powerful president of the Teamsters Union with
mobster connections, suddenly disappeared on July 30, 1975, never to
be seen again. Smith believes the mobsters chose this remote spot to
bury a body, thinking it was part of the Manistee National Forest. In
fact, the property belonged to his dad, who had recently bought it
from the state.
Smith didnt take a picture nor did he report the incident to the
cops, not wanting to get involved. Instead he kept quiet until about a
year ago, when he went to the Michigan State Police in Cadillac , who
then referred the case to Agent Robert Birdsong of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation in Traverse City. The graveif thats what it isnow
lies in a wooded area of pines and maples in front of a $500,000 home.
Last summer, the FBI contacted the property owner where the body is
allegedly buried, but the owner has refused to let them come on the
We dont discuss ongoing cases, said FBI spokesperson Sandra
Berchtold. Thats pretty much all we can say. If we do get new leads,
we investigate those leads. Murder has no statute of limitations. We
would have to have probable cause to draft a search warrant and
present it to the general magistrate and get permission to go on the
land. We follow all leads until the leads are exhausted.
Smiths call to the Express was his first outreach to the media, but
he said that over the years, hes told his close friends and the
property owner about his suspicions. For many years after he came
across the grave, he would visit the site to see if it had been dug
up, but it remained untouched.
Smith requested that the exact location not be published, so as not to
cause undue hardship on the property owner, who he wanted to remain
publicly unnamed.
At first, Smith told no one about what hed seen. He thought to
himself that hed dig it up, but he wanted to finish building his
cabin before deer season started. Then it was winter and the ground
froze too hard to dig.
Smiths life was overtaken by work the next year as he began to design
a golf course. And over the next two decades, he remained busy as he
designed another golf course, developed a subdivision around the golf
course, married and raised a family. In short, there just never seemed
to be enough time. I had a backhoe, a dozer, everything I needed to
dig it up. I just didnt do it. I always thought Id get to it later.
I just procrastinated myself out of doing the whole thing. I screwed
up, swear to God, I should have told somebody, he said.
Even in the 1990s, when he heard there was a $200,000 reward for
information about the Hoffa murder, he didnt say anything. I dont
know why. I just had a lot of things going.
In 1995, a beautiful house was built on the lot containing the burial
site; Smith told the new owner about the makeshift grave hed seen.
Smith eventually marked the site with a large rock. At first, the
property owner thought it was kind of cool, but over the years he
became much less open to talking about it, Smith said.
About six years ago, when Smiths work had slowed down significantly,
he saw a television documentary that showed two suspects in the murder
and a car that might have been involved it was black with a red
interior. The men looked real familiar to the two people I saw. It
was 20 some years ago that I saw them in the woods, but it looked like
the same guys. I know it was the same car.
After Smith had contacted the State
Police, he went to the spot himself with the property owner and
another friend while the ground was still partially frozen. Smith
tried to dig up the grave himself, but said his back was in horrible
pain. The other two men refused to help since they didnt believe his
story and gave Smith a hard time.
The combined pain and humiliation caused Smith to give up after
making little progress.
A detective at the Michigan State Police Post in Cadillac said he told
Smith he wasnt happy with his efforts to dig up the site. (He added,
however, that the property owner is free to dig up the area.) This
past summer, Smith met with FBI Agent Robert Birdsong in Traverse
City. I told him (Birdsong) the story twice, and the third time he
told me they tried to get in and dig him up, but the owner didnt
want anything to do with it, so they didnt.
The Cadillac-based detective said the case was referred from the
Traverse City FBI office to FBI officials in Detroit,
who determined there wasnt evidence to justify a search warrant. He
said the case was cold, and authorities found it strange that Smith
had waited 34 years to report what hed seen.
Interestingly, this isnt the first connection to Jimmy Hoffa and
Northern Michigan. Jimmy Hoffas son was in Traverse City on the day
of his fathers murder, who was last seen that day at a Bloomfield
Hills restaurant at 2:45 p.m., according to a Hoffex Conference report
generated by the FBI in 1976.
Smith said he knows people will think hes crazy, but he knows what he saw.
I saw two guys in the middle of the woods. Definitely Italians.
Definitely doing something they shouldnt be doing. I believe my story
should be told. If anybody else saw what I saw, theyd think the same
thing. Jimmys gotta be here.
Could the Italians have buried someone other than Hoffa? Smith has
thought about that too.
Say you had a contract to kill Hoffa. You whack him, put him in the
garage. Are you immediately going to whack someone else? These people
are not whacking people every day. Theyve got a job going on.
Theyll solve this problem before theyll go onto someone else.
I know it was a weird thing to see. I did it all wrong, but I saw
what I saw. This would help solve one of the biggest crimes of all
time. It was just on Entertainment Hoffa was the fourth on the list
of the countrys 20 most unsolved crimes. Ive heard about him,
Wheres Hoffa? on 30 shows. Its the running joke, and Im the only
guy in the world who knows where hes buried at, besides the two guys
who buried him. But its like seeing a Martian. Even my own mother
cant believe it.
Your wife?
Not really. Shes just tired of the whole thing. But I wouldnt come
and waste my time and go through all this if I were lying. Im telling
you the honest truth. Id like to get this over with and find out
whats buried there.
Next week, Dan Moldea, author of Hoffas Wars, the critically
acclaimed 1978 book on the murder of Jimmy Hoffa, weighs in on Pete
Smiths story.


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Corporate stockbroker who struggled to maintain the traditional values of the City after the Big Bang
One of the last representatives of the traditional City of London, Peter Meinertzhagen upheld throughout his career the virtues of personal relationships, reputation and unbreakable trust. But at the same time his working life tracked the decline of these traditions and the need to adapt to the new world of computer screens and conflicts of interest.
For the latter part of his 42 years with Hoare Govett, the corporate stockbroker, Meinertzhagen was forced into a rearguard action to preserve what he could of the old ways. But these had come under relentless attack since the London Stock Exchange's Big Bang


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You are here
This Week in GeorgiaGov: Children
Quick Facts about Enterovirus D-68
Children across the United States, including Georgia, are at risk for Enterovirus D68.
The State's Role in School Closures
This winter's extreme weather brought up many questions in regards to the state's involvement in school districts. Read School Superintendent John Barge explain the state's role and decisions about school days in Georgia.
Read Across Georgia: Building a Strong Foundation for the Future
The State of Georgia kicked-off "Read Across Georgia" month in March, an initiative launched by First Lady Sandra Deal to raise literacy proficiency levels among Georgia's youth.
8 Ways to Make Your Kids' Halloween Safer
Be sure to stay safe this Halloween.
Georgia SHAPE Month Celebrates Healthy, Active Living
It's finally September, which means it is Georgia SHAPE Month again! Events held throughout the month will celebrate being active and educating young people about wellness.
Applying for the Georgia Special Needs Scholarship
Many ways exist to help you support your child with special needs. The Department of Education provides a scholarship for children who qualify with the Georgia Special Needs Scholarship Program. Take a look and do some research to see if they can help you!
School Bus Safety
Drivers, as students head back to classes in the next few weeks, keep in mind that you'll need to slow down for school buses and school speed zones.
Immunization Awareness Month
July marked Immunization Awareness Month in Georgia. First Lady Sandra Deal and GOCF Executive Director Katie Jo Ballard spent the month touring hospitals and educating new parents about the importance of immunization in their children.
Save for College
Since 2002, the Path2College 529 Plan has offered parents a reliable way to plan for their children's college educations.
April is Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Month
Georgia's Department of Human Services' Division of Family and Children Services receives a report of child abuse every 15 minutes. Understanding the prevalence of child abuse and its prevention are important steps to decreasing child abuse in our communities and across the state.


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Most of you probably thought about doing it at some point: hopping on your Big Wheel and putting plastic to the pavement, throwing off those oppressive kid shackles and jumping headlong into the grownup game -- running away. Maybe you pulled some lightweight stunt and hid out in a treehouse for a day, or headed over to a friend's house a few blocks away, where the people finally understood you.
But there have been a few kids who took running away and made it into an extreme sport you would never want to play.
6Barbara McVay Stows Away on a Submarine
The Adorable:
In 1966, 17-year-old Barbara McVay decided she really needed to get to the U.K. The only problem? She lived in Maryland, which was tragically not in any way connected to the U.K. In her mind, there was only one option: to run away from home.
"Life isn't worth living without soggy French fries and obscenely expensive cigarettes."
So why'd she do it? And what was her chosen mode of transportation?
The Badass:
Let's see ... it's 1966. The Beatles have achieved a certain amount of success with the teenage girl demographic ... the song "Yellow Submarine" has just come out ... ah, yes, it all makes sense.
It was a long and winding road, so being a day tripper, she got a ticket to ride. (Hey Jude).
"I like English boys," she would later tell police when asked her motive for stowing away inside a 1,600 ton British submarine. "I couldn't go legally, so I had to do it illegally."
She had slipped past officers guarding the sub, which was docked in Baltimore on a goodwill visit, tucking herself away inside a conning tower compartment of the HMS Walrus (yes, even reality couldn't resist adding bad Beatles references to the mix). She stayed in her spot for 12 hours before making her presence known, and then it was only due to the fact that she was on the edge of fainting from carbon monoxide fumes.
English boys prefer the rosy, deoxygenated look.
And it's a good thing she came out, too, because the compartment would have slowly filled with water when the sub fully submerged. As it was, the sub was only four hours into its trip across the Atlantic, heading for Scotland, when the crew found out they had a stowaway. Rather than make the kid swim back, they turned the sub around and dropped her back off at Baltimore.
They apparently couldn't come up with a worse punishment.
For its part, the British Navy was characteristically dry and sarcastic about it all, with Captain Douglas Scobie telling the press:
"Certainly, we can't have that sort of nonsense going on in the British navy. Taking away one of Baltimore's citizens is rather overextending our appreciation of their hospitality."
"Especially one who is already crazier than a cat lady at the age of 17."
5Semaj Booker Grand Theft Autos His Way Across the Country
NOTE: DO NOT TRY THIS. Especially if you're a kid.
The Adorable:
According to 9-years-old-at-the-time Semaj Booker, he just really wanted to see his grandpa, who lived in Texas. Semaj was in Tacoma, Washington.
There were probably several ways to accomplish this that would not involve stealing a car and leading police on a high-speed chase. Semaj did not choose any of them.
"Grand theft auto is way cheaper than a Greyhound."
The Badass:
This kid really wanted to see Grandpa. We have no idea what the hell this kid's grandpa had going on, but it must have been a lot more than a Werther's Original or 50 birthday bucks, because little Semaj Booker crushed just about every societal obstacle facing the average grandpa-bound 9-year-old beneath his mighty Heelys.
In January 2007, having tired of fourth grade life in his Tacoma suburb, Semaj Booker decided it was time to take matters into his own Elmer's-stained hands and get himself to Dallas by any means possible. He knew he needed to get to the airport. His first obstacle: Mom wouldn't drive him. So, he stole a car and took off for the airport himself, using the skills he'd learned from video games to speed down State Highway 512.
"We've got a report of a car doing sweet stunt jumps off bridges. Get that daredevil a trophy."
It wasn't too long before the police noticed, and a 90 MPH chase ensued. Luckily for everyone, Semaj must have remembered that in video games, high-speed chases start with police cruisers, escalate to helicopters and end with armored vehicles and the FBI buzzing around like angry hornets, and so he eventually pulled over for the cops. Then he remembered that all those things magically disappear if you drive fast and long enough, and so he took off again, kicking off another high-speed chase, which eventually ended in a miraculously non-fatal way when his engine blew.
Someone mixed up the oil with the coolant again, the little scamp.
The very next day, having been derailed but not deterred, the kid decided the quest for Grandpa's house was still on and hopped a bus to Seattle's airport. He soon hit his second great Kid Wall: He didn't have a plane ticket, nor had he existed long enough to fly unaccompanied without a note from Mom. But right at that moment an airline employee made an announcement over the PA system concerning a lost ticket belonging to a "Frank Williams." Semaj thought fast, approached a ticket agent and told him his last name was Williams. "Frank Williams?" the agent asked.
"... yup."
It worked.
Ticket in hand, Semaj -- all nine years of him -- got through security and boarded a plane bound for Phoenix. He then transferred over to a plane headed for San Antonio. Grandpa was getting close. He then tried to con his way aboard a third plane headed for the promised land of Dallas, before Southwest employees noticed something was up and contacted Mom.
The grownup world may have put an end to that Grandpa crusade, but not for long: Over the next two years, police ended up having to bring Semaj Booker home another 12 times.
Grandpa must have been watching his war movies lying on a hooker mattress.


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DENVER — Democrat Bill Ritter is virtually assured of appointing 100 judges during his first and only term as Colorado's governor, a Law Week Colorado analysis shows.
A flurry of judicial retirements in June and the creation of 14 judgeships by early January 2011 will give Ritter at least 96 judge appointments before the end of his term, shows the newspaper's analysis, published below. However, because this is an election year, and not all judges eligible run for retention, Ritter could pick up 10 to 20 more appointments. This year, 143 judges are eligible for retention, and two already have said they won't run — including Chief Justice Mary Mullarkey. The deadline for judges to commit to run for retention is Aug. 2.
Ritter's most recent judge selection, Denver litigator Ann B. Frick to the 2nd Judicial District bench, was his 75th.
A separate Law Week analysis in mid-2008, at the time of Ritter's 50th judge pick, contrasted Ritter's appointments with his predecessor, Republican Gov. Bill Owens. Ritter, a three-term Denver district attorney, more often elevated current judges to bigger assignments; Owens, the former state treasurer, favored putting prosecutors into county and district judgeships. Owens never appointed a public defender to a judgeship, but Ritter has done that on several occasions.
Owens picked women for judgeships about a third of the time; of Ritter's first 75 selections, 30 have been women — or 40 percent of the total.
In 1966, Colorado voters adopted a merit-selection system for judges. Under the system, politically balanced nominating commissions select three finalists from among applicants. The governor chooses the new judge from among the finalists. Unlike the federal government, Senate confirmation isn't required. Colorado judges must periodically stand for retention elections.


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Terrell Newby and his West Hills (Calif.) Chaminade team are off to a good start to their 2012 season, and the 5-foot-10, 180-pound running back is hoping to have a big senior campaign.
Newby will see Nebraska play twice in coming weeks
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VITAS Paw Pals Volunteers
40.888992, -74.3668)
Cause Areas
WhenIt's flexible! We'll work with your schedule.
Where165 Changebridge RoadMontville, NJ 07045
Does your pet enjoy people? Would you like to bring joy to others in a fun and simple way? VITAS invites you and your pet to become Paw Pals and visit VITAS patients. Pets provide friendship and show unconditional love to hospice patients. Patients who have had to give up their pets miss the interaction and devotion. Your visits leave behind memories of you and your pet, and rekindle thoughts of other pets. All kinds of pets are invited to join VITAS' Paw Pals Club.
Good Match For
Requirements & Commitment
- Background Check
- Must be at least 16
- Orientation or Training
More opportunities with VITAS Healthcare of NJN
- Patient Care Hospice Volunteers...
- Feeding Assistants
- Memory Bear Crafter Volunteers...
- VITAS Patient-Care Volunteers
- Massage Volunteer's Needed
- Paw Pal Volunteers Needed
- VITAS Patient-Care Volunteers
- Spiritual Care Volunteers Needed
- VITAS Paw Pals Volunteers
- Musical and Visual Artist...
- VITAS Paw Pals Volunteers
- Veteran Volunteers Needed
- Administrative Volunteers needed...
- VITAS Veteran Volunteers
- Tap Volunteers Needed
- VITAS Paw Pals Volunteers-Mt....
- VITAS Patient-Care Volunteers
- Craft Volunteer Needed
- Hair Care Volunteers Needed
- Bereavement Volunteer Needed


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Leaf Animals Craft Project
Take a nature walk to find leaves, twigs, and grass to inspire your students' artwork.
By Laura Murray
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2, 3–5
What You Need:
- Bags (any type)
- Construction paper in white or other light colors
- Glue
- Googly eyes (optional)
- Markers (optional)
What You Do:
- Take the class on a nature walk. Each student should have a bag to collect leaves, grass, twigs, bark, acorns, or other natural items.
- Back in the classroom, give each student a piece of construction paper.
- Direct your students to glue their items into shapes of animals or insects. They can add googly eyes for fun and use markers or other leaves for background scenery.
- Finish by having students share a sentence or short story about their animal creations.
- Part of Collection:
- Subjects:Paper Crafts, Autumn Themes


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Trite But True: A Lesson For Passover 2014
Passover is a holiday that marks subjugation and freedom, despair and redemption, plagues and miracles. There are many lessons to be learned from the emergence of the Hebrew slaves and their journey to become a free nation.
It is telling that those who lived through those incredible events were held back from the next step in their evolution as a people. They were not to set foot in their new homeland. They were destined to wander for 40 years. They were doomed to die in the desert.
A totally new generation was needed to enter Israel: a population born in freedom that would not be saddled with a slave mentality. One's body may be free, but old mindsets are hard to break.
Unfortunately, those who left Egypt were not the last group of Jews to need major deprogramming.
In June 1967 Israel found itself surrounded by well-armed enemies. The bloodcurdling cries of "Itbah al Yahud" – "Kill the Jews" – rang out from all sides.
The Israeli military went into action. The soldiers, some only teenage boys, fought with mesiras nefesh, true self-sacrifice. Many lost their lives.
IDF paratroopers entered the Old City of Jerusalem on June 7. The victory was stunning. Not only had Israel won the war, it had liberated the ancient Jewish holy sites. The joy of Jews worldwide was unbounded.
The outcome was a miracle with staggering implications. It defied all odds. The world stood in awe in the aftermath of Israel's victory. Everyone understood the carnage that would have ensued if the Arabs had won the war.
There are certain practices that remain constant wherever and whenever they occur. The acquisition of property is a good example. An individual obtains a deed to a house, moves in, and puts up curtains. A country annexes territory it wins in a war, declares it as its own, and takes over. These are the ways of the world.
When something is yours, you take it. You declare your ownership by your words and deeds. There is no hesitancy.
It is now 2014. Nearly 47 years have passed since the Six-Day War. Israel, incredibly, has still not formally annexed the land. And in the many years since Israel's victory, the capricious tide of public opinion has swung. Revisionist accounts now portray Israel as the big bully and the Arabs as hapless victims of an unjustified occupation.
After 2,000 years of bloody exile – of Inquisitions, Crusades, expulsions, pogroms, and, finally, the unspeakable horrors of the Holocaust – the Jewish nation finally came home in 1948. Unfortunately, it had picked up some very bad habits along the way. Jews had learned to seek refuge and safety in the hands of others as they wandered from place to place.
Again we see that old habits are hard to break.
Perhaps Israel is afraid to rock the boat, to upset the United Nations or the European Union or the United States or "world opinion." Sadly, it is the same world that stood idly by while 6 million innocent Jews were slaughtered. Jews have brought the baggage of the galut (exile) mentality to the modern state of Israel.
Russia's president, Vladimir Putin has no such problem. Putin invaded Ukraine on March 2 and took over the Crimean Peninsula. There was no threat of war. There was no ongoing conflict. There was no provocation. The incursion was a unilateral invasion and seizure of territory.
Less than three weeks later, Putin signed a treaty to officially annex the area. His parliament gave him a standing ovation. The "world" responded with tepid sanctions.
Putin's action following the invasion was quite effective. The officially executed annexation created the impression of a done deal. One thing is certain: the takeover of Crimea is now a fait accompli.Shelley Benveniste
About the Author: Shelley Benveniste is South Florida editor of The Jewish Press.
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Imported and Older Comments:
lies but allah wants to evacuate all jews from israel.
It is more correct to state 'Pessach (Passover), Nissan 5774' using the Hebrew / Jewish Calendar Year instead of 'Pessach (Passover), April 2014' using the universal Christian Calendar Year. Alternatively, it can be stated as 'Pessach, Nissan 5774 / Passover, April 2014'. Let us educate ourselves with the knowledge for greater clarity! Chag Same'ach le Chag ha Pessach!
For Jews and Christians, the Greetings are: 'Chag Pessach Same'ach!' – A Joyous Festival of Passover! (Nissan 5774). A Blessed Holy Week of Easter! (April 2014).
It is high time that Israeli Jews, living in the Holy Land of Israel, Samaria and Judea, cast their baggages of the 'Galut' (Exile) into the depths of the ocean going forward!
As a gentile, and a Christian, that article made me think as well. True Christians support Israel and the Jews. You are totally right about the world not caring about Jews. Why should Jews care what the world thinks? Take what's yours and may G-d be with you.
prince victor, u r a troll….go live under a bridge!


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ASPA claims elicit strong comments from faipule
Faipule from Tualauta and Ituau Malosi have responded to the American Samoa Power Authority's claim of a deficit instead of surplus for fiscal year 2011 and the authority's justification of paying out bonuses to certain employees.
Samoa News reported last Friday on the public notice, which is also a paid advertisement from ASPA that began to run in last Saturday's Samoa News edition, and will run through in today and tomorrow's editions.
The three House faipule are Rep. Tapumanaia Galu Satele Jr., Rep. Larry Sanitoa and Rep. Taotasi Archie Soliai (Ituau Malosi). The trio represent two of the voting districts in the most populous area of the territory - the Western District, with an estimated population count of 30,720 people according to the official 2010 Census for American Samoa. Total population for American Samoa stands at 55, 519 as of April 1, 2010 the census reports.
All three faipule point to the territory's hard economic times and the effect of ASPA's rate increases on households that are struggling to feed and clothe themselves, especially those with no jobs.
Rep. Tapumanaia Galu Satele Jr. says ASPA needs to open up its financial books for full review by the Fono's Legislative Financial Officer (LFO) in order to find out where the financial situation stands for the semi autonomous agency,
Tapumanaia was responding to Samoa News questions on his reaction to ASPA's claim that it does not have an $8 million surplus at the end of fiscal year 2011 but instead a deficit of about $9 million. ASPA maintains that it faces financial constraints.
"I think in order for us to get the real deal with ASPA's situation and understand what their real budget issues are we need for ASPA to open their books," said Tapumanaia, who is among the lawmakers very vocally against ASPA's new rate hikes for water and solid waste collection fees.
"The Fono needs to ask ASPA to open their books to the LFO and let the LFO and his office review their accounts especially in the areas of expenditures vs collections, their arrears and the cost benefit reports of becoming an oil supplier," he said. "Their budget is cloudy and muddled with confusing reports."
"If there's a solution to finding the truth and to settle this issue for the sake of the people of American Samoa I think it's necessary for the LFO to spend time reviewing ASPA's claims that they are in financial disarray," said Tapumanaia.
"My heart goes out to the people not just in my district but throughout the island. It's the biggest complaint I get on a daily basis. People are frustrated, confused and desperate for real answers or the truth," he said.
Two other lawmakers who spoke with Samoa News two weeks ago suggested the LFO carry out a complete review of ASPA's finances to find out the real situation - is it a surplus or a deficit at the end of FY 2011?
ASPA officials are due back in the Fono in January for the rest of the FY 2012 budget and lawmakers plan to raise lots of questions, especially with bonuses paid out in October after ASPA hiked their rates, pleading a deficit.
Rep. Larry Sanitoa says it's "appalling" that the American Samoa Power Authority has paid out bonuses to certain employees and "it is certainly a slap in the face for us-- the rate payers who are struggling... to pay our utility bills."
ASPA said in a public notice that the incentive program or bonuses is a long standing program that has been part of "our approved budgets over the years".
"It is the policy of the ASPA to provide a method which affords recognition of exceptional skills, resourcefulness or exceptional acts of employees who perform special acts or services in the public interest which reflect favorably on the image and reputation of the agency," the notice says.
Sanitoa told Samoa News that "ASPA is insistent of the need for the exorbitant rates to be increased; yet they have made no earnest effort to control spending despite the financial difficulties our government is trying to manage."
"If the bonuses were included in the budget then this is one of the many budget items that was not clarified and needed further review," said Sanitoa.
ASPA further noted in the public notice that the "incentive program has always been part of our budget, but has been overlooked over the past couple of years due to the many projects that have challenged" ASPA since the 2009 tsunami.
However Sanitoa says, paying out bonuses to employees for meritorious performance is not critical to sustaining the utility's operations.
"We are in the midst of difficult economic times, there are a lot of people still out of jobs. Several schools in our district are reporting their students are coming to school hungry as their parents are still without jobs; others report living without utilities as their parents can't afford their utilities and are having to depend on their neighbors," said Sanitoa.
"Church and charitable organizations are also reporting an increase in the number of families that have signed up for their monthly food and clothing handouts to help needy families," he said. "The adverse social impact of ASPA's increasing the utility rates is becoming more evident as there are more reports of break-ins and domestic violence."
"It is incongruous and arrogant of ASPA to be paying out bonuses and proceeding with their utility rate hike as it is obviously compounding the financial hardship already affecting our people," he said.
Rep. Taotasi Archie Soliai said handing out bonuses to select personnel "is not only absurd, but a gross injustice to the people of American Samoa."
He says ASPA has continually stated they have been experiencing shortfalls in their finances and have not been able to meet their expenses and have used that as one of the main reasons to increase the utility rates.
"I do not recall anything in the [FY] 2012 budget that indicated bonus payments for employees," he said, adding that ASPA has not been very forthcoming about their finances-- not only in the recent budget hearings but also in the past.