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Index of content:
Volume 64, Issue 3, March 1996
- Papers
Resource Letter CD‐1: Causality and determinism in physics64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18208View Description Hide Description
This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on causality and determinism in physics. It first surveys the literature of a long history of attempts to construct a systematic account of causality, attempts that constitute options for the use of the concept in physics. It then surveys the status of determinism in classical, relativistic, and quantum theories.
The pumping of a swing from the standing position64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18209View Description Hide Description
The pumping of a swing from a standing position is modeled as a rigid object forced to rotate back and forth at the lower ends of supporting ropes. This model after some approximations leads to a harmonic oscillator with driving and parametric terms. It is then argued that in the regime of the common playground swing the driving terms dominate and the pumping of a swing in the standing position is best characterized as a driven oscillator. Examination of the relative phase of the swinger and the swing also supports this conclusion. This model is compared with earlier work which claimed that the swing pumped by a standing swinger is characterized as a parametric oscillator. Simple demonstrations of both mechanisms are described. A comparison of pumping while standing and seated is also made.
Measuring the speed of digital signals (speed of light)64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18355View Description Hide Description
An odd number of digital not‐gates connected in a closed loop circuit will produce a relatively stable free running oscillator. The frequency of oscillation is determined by the number and type of not‐gates, the circuit supply voltage, and the total length of connection wire used between the not‐gates. Measuring the frequency for various lengths of connection wire enables the speed of the digital signals in the wire to be calculated. The method is sensitive enough to reveal that signals traveling in 22 gauge insulated copper wire propagate about 5% slower than those in 22 gauge bare copper wire. The speed in insulated wire is (2.87±0.03)×108 m/s and the speed in bare wire is (3.03±0.02)×108 m/s. This experiment has been found to be a very popular undergraduate laboratory due to its low cost, straightforward theory, and relatively high (∼1%) precision. The absence of a light source eliminates complicated optics and impresses students with the fact that visible light is not the only thing that travels with the speed of light!
The mathematics of Brownian motion and Johnson noise64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18210View Description Hide Description
One reason why Brownian motion and Johnson noise are difficult subjects to teach is that their mathematical requirements transcend the capabilities of ordinary differential calculus. Presented here is an exposition of the needed generalization of calculus, namely continuous Markov process theory, in a form that should be accessible to advanced physics undergraduates. It is shown how this mathematical framework enables one to give clear, concise derivations of all the principal results of Brownian motion and Johnson noise, including fluctuation–dissipation formulas, auto‐covariance transport formulas, spectral density formulas, Nyquist's formula, the notions of white and 1/f 2noise, and an accurate numerical simulation algorithm. An added benefit of this exposition is a clearer view of the mathematical connection between the two very different approaches to Brownian motion taken by Einstein and Langevin in their pioneering papers of 1905 and 1908.
Photon counting statistics—Undergraduate experiment64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18211View Description Hide Description
A photon countingexperiment for student physics laboratory is described. It is designed to illustrate the probabilistic nature of the photodetection process itself as well as statistical fluctuations of light. The setup enables the student to measure photon count distributions for both coherent and pseudothermal light sources yielding Poisson and Bose–Einstein distributions, respectively.
Photon states made easy: A computational approach to quantum radiation theory64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18212View Description Hide Description
Students first meet the wave‐particle paradox through the photon and wave descriptions of light. Yet, in basic courses on quantum mechanics, they study matter particles only, because the mathematics of the quantized radiation field is usually considered too advanced. An oscillatingelectromagnetic field is formally similar to a harmonic oscillator, whose energy eigenstates can represent states of well‐defined photon number. Using a computer program from the CUPS project, an approach will be described which demonstrates the action of the annihilation operator on these states, constructs coherent states which behave like classical electromagnetic fields, and shows how such states can be squeezed. All of these have practical relevance in modern optics. This is just one example of the computer making a hitherto unapproachable subject accessible to ordinary undergraduates.Computers have already changed how much of quantum mechanics is taught. As more such possibilities are realized, the teaching of the whole subject must surely change radically.
Using a linear approximation for single‐surface refraction to explain some virtual image phenomena64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18213View Description Hide Description
There are many examples of interesting optical phenomena involving virtual images arising from refraction at the interface(s) between air and some transparent solid or liquid. However, because it is cumbersome to interpret analytical expressions or to sketch diagrams using Snell'slaw of refraction, students rarely explore and develop a qualitative understanding of these phenomena. In this paper we introduce a simple‐to‐use linear approximation for single‐surface refraction and show how it leads to qualitatively correct descriptions of some interesting but complex optical phenomena. In particular, we analyze the virtual images formed when looking at objects through both rectangular blocks and triangular prisms. The refraction images observed through a triangular prism are particularly interesting pedagogically and also provide a physical means to distinguish between objects located just outside and just inside, or on, the prism's surface.
A time‐dependent study of resonant tunneling through a double barrier64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18214View Description Hide Description
The resonant tunneling of a wave packet is studied, for a one‐dimensional double barrier, by solving the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation. The transmission is determined as a function of the spatial width of the incident wave packet. It is shown that if the double barrier acts as an energy filter, then the spatial width of the transmitted wave packet is increased, due to the trapping of the particle between the two barriers for a time, ℏ/Γ, where Γ is the width of the resonance. The reflected wave packet consists of two components: one corresponding to reflection from the first barrier and the other due to the particle being trapped between the barriers for a time ℏ/Γ.
Viscous and nonviscous models of the partially filled rolling can64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18215View Description Hide Description
We examine the motion of soft drink cans rolling down an incline as a function of the amount of water in the can. Our observations show this behavior to be remarkably complex. We introduce models suggested by the experimental results which describe the limiting cases of a nonviscous fluid and an infinitely viscous fluid, and compare the results of the model calculations to our observations.
Low‐cost differential scanning calorimeter64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18216View Description Hide Description
We present a simple and inexpensive calorimetric system that has been implemented in the undergraduate students laboratory of thermodynamics at the Physics Faculty of the University of Barcelona. It is shown that, after proper calibration, the system enables measurement of the relevant thermodynamic quantities at a first‐order phase transition. As an example, the solid–liquid phase transition of water can be studied: Students find that both the change in specific heat and the latent heat (and its temperature dependence) coincide within the experimental scatter with the values given in the literature.
Linear, one‐dimensional models of the surface and internal standing waves for a long and narrow lake64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18217View Description Hide Description
Linear, one‐dimensional, analytical, and numerical models for seiches (standing waves) existing at the surface and on the internal interface between the upper warm and bottom cold layers for a long, narrow lake are developed. Using the specific bathymetric and thermal structures of a lake,Lake Champlain, these models predict the periods, nodal locations, vertical displacements, and current velocities associated with the fundamental and higher‐order modes. Modeled results are compared with historical limnological data obtained from Lake Champlain. Agreement is good for the periods of the first few modes of the surface and internal seiches; however, predicted current velocities associated with the internal seiche are about half as large as those actually observed.
Direct calculation of the electric field induced by a time‐varying magnetic induction64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18218View Description Hide Description
This paper deals with the problem of obtaining the electric field near a region of magnetic flux, whose geometry has cylindrical symmetry. We derive an expression for a direct calculation of the induced electric field vector in geometric situations where a slowly varying magnetic field is confined to a long solenoid of arbitrary cross section. We check our result in a standard case, then we use it in a nontrivial case to confirm its utility. The developed expression can also be used to provide numerical evaluation of the field within the class of cylindrical symmetry.
Toy calculations to estimate critical exponents for random walks64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18219View Description Hide Description
A simple method based on the enumeration of all random walk configurations for a very reduced number of steps is used to obtain the critical exponent ν for self‐avoiding random walks in two and three dimensions.
On the bound states of a charged, nonrelativistic particle in the field of a stationary magnetic dipole: An introduction64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18220View Description Hide Description
The motion of ions above the earth's atmosphere is introduced by discussing the nonrelativistic motion of a charged particle in the field of a stationary magnetic dipole. Unlike the Kepler or Coulomb problem, no way is known to separate our problem into one‐dimensional problems and a fortiori an exact analytic solution is not known. However, an effective potential can be identified whose study clarifies the qualitative and semiquantitative features of the bound states. We ask about the periodicity of bound states, taken for granted by one exposed only to the Kepler or Coulomb problem, and show how consideration of phase space can provide a partial answer, Poincaré recurrence. The treatment is accessible to students who have a first acquaintance with the canonical formalism and Liouville's theorem, for example first‐year graduate students.
Use of pressure transducers in laboratory experiments. I. Experimental verification of the fundamental equation of fluid statics. Application to density measurements64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18221View Description Hide Description
The use of inexpensive pressure sensors, with minimum installation problems, has allowed several experiments to be designed for the physics class. An experimental device provided with a pressure sensor and a level sensor has now made it possible to verify the fundamental equation of fluid statics. The device has been applied to density measurements of several fluids (water, aqueous solution of NaCl and ethanol) at constant temperature.
Use of pressure transducers in laboratory experiments. II. Experimental verification of the Hagen–Poiseuille law. Application to viscosity measurement. Electrical analogy64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18222View Description Hide Description
As a continuation of part I of this work, further experiments were designed for the physics class using pressuresensors. An experimental setup using a pressuresensor and two optical fibersensors makes it possible to verify the Hagen–Poiseuille equation, to measure the viscosity of several gases and, by analogy with an electric current circuit, to verify that the parallel and series association of flow resistance may be solved as if they were electrical resistances.
Solving one‐dimensional Schrödinger‐like equations using a numerical matrix method64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18242View Description Hide Description
A numerical method for the solution of one‐dimensional Schrödinger‐like equations with arbitrary numerical or analytical potentials is presented. The method takes advantage of matrix algebra for both obtaining several eigenvalues and eigenvectors at the same time and saving computer time. On the other hand, the method illustrates the close relationship between differential and algebraic eigenvalue problems, as well as the mathematical origin of quantization. Several examples are worked out in the text and the procedure for applying a user friendly routine to other problems is given.
The reciprocal lattice as the Fourier transform of the direct lattice64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18243View Description Hide Description
We argue that introducing the reciprocal lattice as the Fourier transform of the Bravais lattice provides not only a concise definition for the reciprocal lattice, but also makes it a concept easy to grasp. To illustrate the power of the concept we derive the reciprocal lattices of the bcc and fcc structures directly from their conventional unit cells, rather than from the primitive unit cells.
An undergraduate experiment on x‐ray spectra and Moseley's law using a scanning electron microscope64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18244View Description Hide Description
We describe an undergraduatelaboratory experiment developed for sophomore modern physics students, using the x‐ray analysis feature of a scanning electron microscope. The experiment described is a fundamental physics measurement performed with a state‐of‐the‐art apparatus not usually used in pedagogical physicsexperiments. The characteristic x‐ray spectrum of elements shows a simple progression that can be quantitatively explained by the conceptually important Bohr–Rutherford shell model of atomic structure. Students measure the Kα and Kβ x‐ray spectra from metals in the range of 12≤Z≤41. The measurements allow the verification of Moseley's law scaling of x‐ray energies with atomic number and a quantitative measure of the data's fit to the shell model.
The libration limits of the elastic pendulum64(1996); http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18245View Description Hide Description
The motion of the elastic pendulum is ruled by coupling between the pendulum mode and the harmonic oscillator mode. The bob of the pendulum executes trajectories in a domain of the vertical plane, the shape and size of which are set by the initial conditions and the total energy of the pendulum. The limits of this libration, in exact resonance, are studied using parabolic coordinates. Other Hamiltonians, with similar interaction terms, exhibit similar libration limits.


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Official Website of the City of Milwaukee
CALL for Action (414) 286-CITY | Click for Action
Certificates issued by the Historic Preservation Commission since August 2006. Certificates are PDF files.
Information concerning Certificates of Appropriateness issued after January 1, 2010, is available at the City of Milwaukee's Legislative Research Center. For further assistance in locating a particular COA, please contact Linda Elmer.
City Hall
200 E. Wells St., Room B-4
Milwaukee, WI 53202
(414) 286-5712
Thank you to all who attended the
Cream of the Cream City Awards ceremony held on May 29, 2014
at Best Place at the Pabst.
View photos of the event below:
To view past award winners, please visit: milwaukee.gov/hpc/CreamCityAwards
Design by City of Milwaukee

subset: commoncrawl


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Members of CRT LL hosted a Seattle workshop in April 2011 on Excited Delirium. As a result of that conference, the panel of experts compiled key identifiers related to this syndrome. They also concluded that quick treatment is imperative to manage this condition. With cooperation and support from the National Institutes of Justice (NIJ) and Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State University, these factors were put in a format for the first responders in the field to help identify and address this medical crisis.
For PDF file for printing contact us


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UPDATE (11/28/09): Jamie Moyer is doing well after minor surgery. Moyer had surgery to wash out a small collection of blood cells that could have been infected.
"The surgery is not likely to impact his rehab schedule and is likely to have minimal impact on his spring training schedule," said Ciccotti. Moyer will remain hospitalized until Monday.
Jamie Moyer has been hospitalized at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital with recurring symptoms from his September groin surgery. Dr. Michael Ciccotti, the team doctor, said that Moyer is not seriously ill, however the pain in the area where he had surgery has increased since the weekend.
Moyer, 47, is being evaluated. "He's completely comfortable and fine. We're just taking appropriate precautions and also wanting to do what we can to make sure he's on track for spring training," Ciccotti said.
18 Comments
That sucks. No one should have to spend Thanksgiving in a hospital. Get better Jamie.
Wishing Jamie well. No matter what any of the idiots on here say about the guy, he has been a huge asset to this Phillies team, and is a great person. I was a few years behind him in HS. And think he was a huge part of winning a WFS. So I hope he gets well soon, and if he decides to pitch again I hope they give him a real shot at the #5 spot in 2010.
I may bring Jamie a nice turkey plate tomorrow. He probably will be hungry and hospital food sucks. He's a great guy.
Hope Jamie can get out for Thanksgiving. A good family man, and an inspiration to us 40+ "pseudo-athletes" who are tempted to cut back our excercise. Get well, Jamie!
Now for some trivia…what was the last NL team to go "back to back to back" in WS play? I believe you have to go back to the St. Louis Cardinals in 42,43,44….and because that was wartime, and you might be tempted to discount that 3-peat, and so would have to go back to the 20's Giants. Imagine what a great accomplishment that would be for the Phils in 2010!
Here's what I got from Baseball Reference for NL three-peats:
1942 to 1944 Cardinals (won two of three)
1921 to 1924 NY Giants (won first two and lost next two)
1911 to 1913 NY Giants (lost all three, two of them to OUR A's)
1906 to 1908 Chicago Cubs (won two of three)
Get better Moyer.
Two of them to OUR A's…..who statistically edge out the '27 Yanks as the best team ever.
Get better Jamie….hope to see you pitching for the Phillies next year!!!
Not to sound like the horrible guy, but does anyone else but me hope this will convince him to retire so they can spend 6-9 million on someone else? Bring Moyer back as a special coaching assistant!
I totally agree actually. Enough, please retire!
Actually, I'd like to see Jamie get better, have an excellent spring training and continue developing his knuckleball and knuckle curve. Adding a knuckler will make his other pitches seem like power pitches. Knuckleballers can be a real asset to a team.
Hey Dusty Slob ya know or maybe you don't ….actually it will take about 2 years to throw a knuckle ball with any control….and he is not going to have it ..he barely makes the corners now…so what he'll walk 9 instead of 5-6 ….see thats what I mean when you guys on here come up with these trades and a spring training thoughts of who's who and whats what…its comical …really entertaining but as usual it makes no sense…the phillies won't spend any more money then it has too….the fool Ibanez was the last of the money…oh they will flip flop on salaries but to get someone you have to pay for its not gonna happen….I'd see them on sorta a rebuilding year….many in the upstairs rooms knew full well they got lucky in 2008 ….they also know that the drunken fans will still fill the seats…and will make the money and it stays in the kitty….at this time they are working on taking back the last year of Jamie's contract ….so he can practice all he wants on the knuckle ball …its all gonna come out of the farm system….samll money with small results….NO ONE WANTS TO COME TO PHILADELPHIA let alone Philly…its a true honest to goodness RAT WHOLE :}
Moyer will have to think twice about continuing his career. The older a person gets, the slower and more complicated the healing process. It's a sad way to go out, and he may not want to, but I think if his woes continue, he'll hang them up rather than risk long term issues. An "infected blood collection" might not sound like much, but it's definitely a bigger issue than people might think; it's a blood clot, which isn't good internally. It indicates that something didn't work right, that his initial healing didn't go the way it should have. If something didn't work now, what about the future?
I wish him the best, still. Even if he's no longer the Moyer of old, I hope he's ready come spring, and can retire when he wants too, not when health forces him to. He's was pretty decent as a spot starter/long reliever, he's already signed, he's a veteran presence. I'd take him over a lot of the free agents out there, if his health returns.
Hey Spanky Yankee — You are one sad dude. Wretched fellow. Totally lacking in social skills. Most Yankee fans have at least an iota of class. Not you. Go back to your own blog, or were you thrown out of that one?
Certain posters just have to be ignored. Note, I didn't say "certain people."
Rusty, I'd say social skills aren't the only thing that the Yank fan is lacking, 3rd grade spelling and grammar lessons wouldn't hurt either…
"iota" What's this word something in Filthy …is it a phat …talk about JG….ya might want hold some spelling classes on here to help the beer and cheers…maybe the eagles can use your help as well their choking in their own back yard again….maybe help out Douche Bag Jackson….#10 he gonna get his head handed to him one of these days …he gets in for the TD and makes it seem he's never been there before…wasn't he the one who thought the field was 99 yards long last year….yeah he's a baller till someone knocks his lights out….him and Asshole Samuels # 22 ever hear of him making a tackle….no …he has feathers on his back…he must be a "iota"…ha ha ha talk about spelling … as for going back on the WORLD CHAMPION'S NEW YORK YANKEE BLOG …BEEN THERE WILL ALWAYS BE THERE 27 TIMES WORLD CHAMPS…while you guys have been the CHUMPS over 10,000 times man that's funny…. :} :} :} :} :}
SpankyYankee – hmm – what you spanking?! Go back to it and stay off this blog!


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I feel strangely compelled to share this story with you.
I met Eric about 6 months before I was set to go work in South Sudan for a year. And after we'd hung out a few times, texted about 800 times, and had generally not ceased thinking about one another for a few weeks, we decided to give dating a try, even with the deadline of my departure looming.
We proceeded to completely fall for one another in the months that followed (cue your aaaws here), and then came January. And we found ourselves at the airport: me with a backpack the size of Nikola Pekovic on my back and Eric with a forced and compensating disposition of calm.
We waited until we met up with Jen (my South Sudan partner in crime) to begin our goodbyes in earnest. I cried so hard I threw up. Eric was pretty sniffly too. And after about 13 hugs (backpack and all), I finally turned from him with blurred vision and stumbled towards the first security personell.
As I fumbled to get out my passport and boarding pass, the snarky gentleman manning the security checkpoint looked at me and said, "That your boyfriend? Don't worry…you can call him when you get to college," as he pointed towards the door Eric had walked out of with his chubby and apathetic thumb.
I seethed. I thought seriously about hissing at him like a possum. Did he not know that where I was going I would maybe get to talk to Eric on the phone every three months or so…and that internet access wasn't really a guarantee…and that with his one casual comment, I had lost every last bit of resolve I had?
As I started to completely sob and try to explain just why I was so sad to this man, Jen gently took my arm and shook her head and guided me past him.
Why do I tell you this? Because tomorrow, Eric is taking me to the airport again. And Owen and I will be leaving him to bach it up for 5 days while we visit my family. And I thought it would be really funny if we reenacted our tearful goodbye…you know, just to see what kind of response we could draw from the observers around us, including onlooking security guards.
While I may be leaving Eric to fend for himself with frozen pizza, I am not leaving you in the same boat. One of our go-to meals at this house when there are fresh veggies to be had is stir fry. This is such a flexible meal…use up any vegetables you have around…add chicken..or beef. It's a great way to use up a CSA box…or those veggies that are hiding in the bottom of your fridge. And the homemade sauce is so simple, and definitely more flavorful than any store-bought brand I've tried…full of gingery garlicy goodness. This meal is fast and summer-fresh – hope you like it!
stir fry sauce recipe barely adapted from Simply In Season (yields 6 servings)
The variety of meat and veggie combinations is endless with stir fy. For the sauce, I just add a little more brown sugar and garlic than the original recipe calls for.
For the Sauce:
3 tbsp. soy sauce
2 1/2 tbsp. brown sugar
1 tbsp. sesame oil
1 tbsp. sesame seeds
2 tsp. ginger root, peeled and minced
3 garlic cloves, minced
(optional) few drops of hot sauce
3/4 c. chicken or vegetable broth
1 tbsp. cornstarch
For the Stir Fry:
1 1/2 c. rice (we use long grain brown rice)
1 tbsp. + 2 tbsp. oil
(optional: 1 lb. meat - we generally use boneless, skinless chicken breasts), cut into 1/2-in. cubes
1 medium onion, peeled and chopped
app. 4 c. vegetables* (this time we used)
1 bell pepper, seeded and chopped
1 large handful bok choy, leaves removed, thinly sliced
1 small-medium zucchini, halved lengthwise and thinly sliced
1 c. green beans, ends removed, cut into 1-in. pieces
*other great stir fry veggies: asparagus, sugar snap peas, mushrooms, green onions, celery, carrots, cauliflower
*Cook your rice! For long-grain brown rice, you add 3 c. of water to your 1 1/2 c. uncooked rice. Bring to a boil. Then, lower the heat and let the rice cool. Cover the rice and let (barely) simmer for about 40 minutes, or until water is gone and rice is tender.
For the Sauce:
Combine all ingredients (EXCEPT broth and cornstarch) in a small bowl and whisk to combine. Just before adding sauce to stir fry, combine broth and cornstarch in a small bowl until cornstarch is dissolved. Then add cornstarch/broth mixture to the sauce bowl and whisk to combine.
For the Stir Fry:
Heat 1 tbsp. oil in a large skillet on medium heat. Add chicken. Stir and cook until chicken is no longer pink in the middle and just slightly golden brown. Set aside.
Drain grease from pan.
Heat 2 tbsp. oil in the same skillet over medium-high heat.
Add your veggies.** For this version, I added the onions first and cooked them, stirring frequently, for about 2 minutes.
Then I added the bok choy and green beans and sauteed for 2 more minutes.
Then I added the zucchini and cooked for 1 minute.
Finally, I added the bell pepper and cooked for an additional 2 minutes.
Place your cooked meat back in the skillet and pour in your sauce. Turn heat to high and bring the sauce to a boil, stirring constantly.
When sauce reaches desired thickness, remove pan from heat.
Serve over cooked rice.
Add your veggies in the order they need to be cooked, based on how long they take to stir fry. Here's a handy little chart that lists the stir fry time of many vegetables.


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Signum, Knight of Sword:
【CONT】 Assist All of your characters in front of this card gets +500 power.
Rarities: C = Common; U = Uncommon;
R = Rare; RR = Double Rare;
RRR = Triple Rare;
SP = Special; SR = Special Rare;
CC = Climax Common; CR = Climax Rare;
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Texas High Plains cash grain markets as compared to the last report on Dec. 21 closed mostly unchanged for wheat, 4 to 10 cents higher on grain sorghum, mostly 3 cents higher on corn, and 10-12 cents lower on soybeans. Prices paid or bid to the farmer, f.o.b. elevator as of 4 p.m.; grain sorghum quoted per hundredweight; wheat, corn and soybeans per bushel.
Area north of the Canadian River:
Grain sorghum: $3.55-3.64
Wheat: $2.76-2.89 mostly 2.76-2.78
Corn: $2.22-2.28
Triangle area from Plainview to Canyon to Farwell:
Grain sorghum: $3.60-3.82 mostly 3.69-3.72
Wheat: $2.55-2.79 mostly 2.70-2.76
Soybeans: $3.97-4.30 mostly 4.19-4.30
Corn: $2.22-2.35 mostly 2.26-2.34
Area south of a line from Plainview to Muleshoe:
Grain sorghum: $3.46-3.69
Wheat: $2.59-2.79
Soybeans: $4.19-4.34
Corn: $2.29-2.34
Elevators in the Texas South Plains were reporting offers and bids for:
No. 2 grain sorghum: insufficient to quote
No. 2 yellow corn: $4.70-4.80 per cwt
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You've read so much about the music industry and its upstanding business practices that you likely think there isn't anything else we could tell you that would come as a surprise. But some record label tactics are so covert that it takes a fair amount of digging just to find out they exist. Here are a few things record labels don't want you to know that they still do in an effort to separate you -- and the artists -- from your hard-earned cash. Things like ...
5Demanding Payment Virtually Any Time Music Is Played in Public
Obviously, if you want to use somebody's music for commercial purposes, like in your movie or TV ad, you have to pay. So, you have to license it from a group like ASCAP, BMI, or SESAC, which makes sure record labels and artists collect the royalties they're owed for this sort of thing. Makes sense, right? Well, hang on, because it's about to get stupid.
It probably won't surprise you to know that things like charging a crowd of people $2 each to listen to a band's CD is illegal -- you're basically getting paid for a performance of somebody else's music that you don't own the rights to. But the definition of the word "performance" is mind-bogglingly vast when it comes to music royalties.
"That'll be six bucks."
For example, did you know that a "public performance" includes a coffee shop owner putting a CD or an MP3 player behind the counter to play some Mumford & Sons as background music? Or that it counts as a performance if a shop wants to play music over the phone while people are on hold? That's why hold music is almost always bland, instrumental filler -- keeping you on hold to a computer algorithm's idea of a "marimba jam" is a lot less expensive than having Usher keep your hold time sexy. ASCAP explains it all in this depressingly comprehensive guide to all the ways you can pay for the right to listen to the music you already own when other people who don't also own it might be close enough to hear it too.
They even take time out to lecture you for not considering the artist, who might be getting shafted out of their four-tenths of a cent royalty when you choose to dance to "Wonderful Tonight" at your wedding reception without asking Clapton first:
Via Ascap.com
"This rule, however, does not apply to us."
Oh, and they also argued that royalties should be collected on ringtones. Not on the purchase of ringtones, mind you; they already have that. Rather, they wanted to be paid every time the phone rings. In other words, when a phone rings in a crowded movie theater, someone out there believes you've just been entertained to such a degree that an additional outlay of cash is warranted.
Their attempts to cash in every time a song is even thought about being listened to haven't always been successful, though. They wanted to collect on those 30-second samples you listen to before actually purchasing a song, which is kind of like the government taxing the free pizza samples you eat at the grocery store as income. Or maybe it's nothing like that ... we're not record executives. We can assure you it's just as stupid, though.
"Keep shopping! It costs $70 to get in here, we're going to stock up!"
4Reducing Sound Quality So You Perceive a Song as "Louder"
Due to the way the human brain works, there is a formula for making a song into a hit (we broke down the numbers here), and one of the most important elements for the last few decades has been "loudness." But wait a second -- how can record companies determine how "loud" a song is when we're the ones with our hands on the volume knob?
It has to do with how the track is engineered. The trend started as far back as the days of jukeboxes, when producers noted that certain tracks got better reactions than others, and a lot of it came down to how loud the song was perceived to be when it started playing. Over the years, through science that produces screenshots like this ...
Via Youtube
Oh, man, we haven't heard that song in ages!
... it was discovered that you could use a technique called dynamic range compression to amplify the quieter parts of the melody to match the louder tracks like drums and bass. The difference is demonstrated masterfully here:
The result is a song that has a more "in your face" quality at first listen. And that's exactly what record labels want: a song that grabs your attention right away. So what's the problem?
Well, it's sort of ruining the music. See, there used to be limits to how horribly you could mangle the dynamics of a song when analog equipment was the only way to record. But digital technology did away with that shit, and now record labels are free to blast your eardrums with all the unnecessary noise they think you can handle. In many cases, classic albums from the analog days were taken back into the studio, ruined, and then marketed as "digitally remastered."
Because if there's one thing Depeche Mode needed in order to be a good band, it was loudness.
That's how we found ourselves staring down the business end of the Loudness War, the music industry's attempt to address the growing prevalence of shitty ear bud headphones turning every song up to 11.
And the thing is, most of you didn't even know this was happening until now -- it's hard to perceive what's wrong until you hear the unaltered version. This happened with Metallica's album Death Magnetic. On the same day the album was released to retail outlets, it was also made available as a playable download in the video game Guitar Hero. It didn't take especially attentive fans long to notice that the non-game album sounds like complete ass when compared to the Guitar Hero version. Why? Because the latter hadn't had its levels pegged to eliminate all range:
Via Recordinghacks.com
Because if there's one thing Metallica needed help with, it was loudness.
Fans started an online petition to force the band to remaster the album, and Lars Ulrich responded exactly in the manner you'd expect the guy who destroyed Napster to reply.
The worst part about all of this is that it's more than just a matter of taste. Your booty may crave the beat, but your brain and ears need dynamics and sound diversity to keep engaged. Without them, one succumbs to ear fatigue, and there's even danger of actual hearing loss. There hasn't been a Metallica album worth that kind of risk since the mid-'80s.
Know what? Let's just let Metallica have this one.


text:
|Two Coins
Summary: Vincent is a cop. Tony was a
someone Vincent knew during grade school, who was in trouble with the
law. Little did
Vincent know that when their paths would cross neither man's life
would be the same again.
|Chapter 1
|Chapter 2
|Chapter 3
|Chapter 4
|Chapter 5
|Chapter 6
|Chapter 7
|Chapter 8
|Chapter 9
|Chapter 10
|Chapter 11


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Glass backsplash made out of 1/4" thick tempered glass with silver color coating on back.
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PUNTA GORDA, Fla. - Step by small step, life is returning to normal in this town hardest hit by Hurricane Charley.
Things as simple as making a cell phone call or having a cold beer in a neighborhood pub are helping residents cope with the massive cleanup and repair efforts. That can be an important development in the recovery process.
"I've heard people that have lost everything and they celebrate simple things like they have a dial tone or their cell phone chirped for the first time," said Craig Fugate, the state's emergency management director. "Businesses are coming back on line. It's something as simple as eating downtown instead of driving out of the county."
There are also the bigger steps: The downtown hospital reopened Friday and Gov. Jeb Bush promised to bring in portable classrooms so all schools could open a week from Monday.
"You have a senior class that has had four years here, and for them to graduate at another site is not acceptable," said Charlotte High School Principal Barney Duffy, standing in front of a pile of bricks and shattered wooden beams that toppled from the school.
It will probably be another two years before students walk Charlotte High's halls again, but 80 portable classrooms will be brought in for its 2,300 students.
"It's going to start the healing process," Duffy said. The students "need to be with their friends, commiserate, cry a little and hopefully laugh a little."
The recovery effort has moved at lightning speed compared with Hurricane Andrew in 1992. Insurance claims are moving faster, search and recovery efforts wrapped up in three days and supplies are being distributed with greater efficiency.
Part of it can be credited to satellite communication and portable cell phone towers and to better preparation and planning among emergency workers.
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It appears that everything is coming up Millhouse for screenwriter Max Landis within this past year. First he got all sorts of acclaim for his work on the surprise hit Chronicle, now he'll be sitting in the director's chair fairly soon. He just signed up to make his directorial debut on Me Him Her, which sounds a bit more intriguing than the title implies.
What's the best way to describe this movie that pretty much popped out of the blue? Well Landis calls it "Reality Bites on acid." That's one hell of a way to sell your movie, but the story is essentially about three twenty-somethings where one of them is in the midst of finding their own sexuality. There will be plenty of other themes that go hand-in-hand with the self-discovery story that Me Him Her sounds like it'll be but we wonder how exactly said person will be swimming through the choppy waters known as sexuality. Casting for said movie is currently going on, but who knows who'll be part of the film. We hope that it's a number of unknowns.It's always such a delight to see fresh talent spread their wings onscreen. Filming for Me Him Her will commence early next year.
Obviously when you're a known name such as Max Landis is, this isn't the only project that you have tucked up your sleeve. The bouncy individual has his hands in Chronicle 2, a Frankenstein project and a couple of other comedies. Well, you can't say the guy doesn't know how to manage his time.
Would you be interested in seeing Me Him Her when it's released?
Source: Cinema Blend


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Pohl, John F.*; Limbers, Christine A.†; Kay, Marie*; Harman, Annette‡; Rollins, Michael‡; Varni, James W.§
*Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
†Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX
‡Division of Pediatric Surgery, Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
§Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to John F. Pohl MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah, 100 N Mario Capecchi Dr, Suite 2650, Salt Lake City, UT 84113-1103, (e-mail: email@example.com).
Received 29 June, 2011
Accepted 10 October, 2011
This research was funded by Aptalis Pharma (Bridgewater, NJ). J.F.P. and J.W.V. have received investigator-initiated funding from Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Deerfield, IL). J.W.V. holds the copyright and the trademark for the PedsQL and receives financial compensation from the Mapi Research Trust, which is a nonprofit research institute that charges distribution fees to for-profit companies that use the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.
Objectives: There are limited data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis (including acute relapsing and chronic pancreatitis) using age-appropriate measurement instruments.
Methods: We evaluated HRQOL in children with long-standing pancreatitis using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales by patient self-report as well as parent proxy report. Additionally, patient self-reports and parent proxy reports were completed for the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale.
Results: Across all of the dimensions, significantly impaired HRQOL and higher fatigue were noted for both pediatric patient self-report and parent proxy report in comparison with the matched healthy children samples. Higher fatigue was associated with lower HRQOL. There was moderate to good agreement between patient self-reports and parent proxy reports.
Conclusions: Given the impaired HRQOL and fatigue documented in the present study, future studies are needed to determine whether specific factors can modify HRQOL and fatigue in this patient population.
Pancreatitis consists of inflammation of the pancreas, and in most cases, resolution occurs with minimal long-term adverse effects. Up to 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis, however, can develop complications, including long-standing abdominal pain, pancreatic necrosis, and multisystem organ failure. Relapsing acute pancreatitis eventually can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which is defined by histologic evidence of inflammation and fibrosis with loss of both exocrine and endocrine cells (1–3). Additionally, chronic pancreatitis often can occur as a result of repetitive episodes of acute pancreatitis as seen with alcohol abuse, hepatobiliary disease, and genetic disorders (4–7).
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been studied in adult patients with long-standing pancreatitis, including chronic pancreatitis (8,9). Adult patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis, which eventually can lead to chronic pancreatitis, have been shown to have impaired HRQOL, especially with regard to physical functioning compared with healthy controls (8). A study using patients from 4 countries demonstrated that adult patients with chronic pancreatitis had significantly increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, and fear of future health problems (9). In many of these studies, the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is problematic because of lack of a standard and safe way to obtain tissue for histopathology (10).
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) using standard pancreatic enzyme preparations for adults with chronic pancreatitis has been associated with improved HRQOL as well as other objective parameters, including a reduced defecation rate and improved weight gain (11). A Cochrane analysis, however, demonstrated equivocal results for PERT with regard to pain, steatorrhea, analgesic use, and other parameters (12).
HRQOL outcomes in pediatric patients with pancreatitis are not well understood, and to date only 1 peer-reviewed study has evaluated HRQOL in this patient population (13). The present study evaluated whether HRQOL improved among 19 pediatric patients with severe chronic pancreatitis with a mean age of 14.5 years undergoing total pancreatectomy (TP) with islet autotransplantation (IAT). The authors found that before TP/IAT, pediatric patients had lower HRQOL compared with US population norms and that HRQOL significantly improves after TP/IAT. Although the present study represents an important step in understanding HRQOL outcomes in this complex patient population, there are limitations to the present study including use of a small sample size and of a HRQOL measure developed for adult self-report (SF-36), which limited the assessment of both child self-report and parent proxy report (13). Additionally, fatigue was not assessed in the study.
Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate HRQOL and fatigue by patient self-report and parent proxy report in a sample of pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis using age-appropriate measurement instruments specifically developed for pediatric populations. Based on the extant literature with adult patients with chronic pancreatitis, we hypothesized that pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis (but not necessarily chronic pancreatitis) would manifest impaired HRQOL in comparison with healthy children scores on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scales. Also, we hypothesized that pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis would manifest greater fatigue in comparison with healthy children on the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale.
This single-institution study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Primary Children's Medical Center (University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT). A medical record search was performed to determine the number of patients that had been seen at Primary Children's Medical Center for long-standing pancreatitis during the last 10 years (2000–2010). Several International Classification of Disease, 9th Edition (ICD-9) codes were used to determine which patients would qualify for inclusion in the present study. These codes included 577.0 (acute pancreatitis), 577.1 (chronic pancreatitis), 577.2 (cyst or pseudocyst of pancreas), 577.8 (other specific diseases of pancreas, including atrophy calculus, cirrhosis, and fibrosis), and 577.9 (unspecified disease of the pancreas).
If patients had an ICD-9 code of "chronic pancreatitis," they were considered eligible to be enrolled in the study. Charts of those patients with an ICD-9 code that did not designate specifically for chronic pancreatitis were reviewed to determine whether they met clinical inclusion criteria for long-standing pancreatitis symptoms. Specifically, medical records were evaluated for signs and symptoms of chronic abdominal pain with elevated serum lipase, chronic abdominal pain with elevated serum lipase associated with PERT usage, evidence of impaired exocrine pancreatic function (eg, documented decreased pancreatic enzyme levels obtained by endoscopic duodenal sampling or abnormal fecal elastase measurement), or impaired endocrine pancreatic function (eg, demonstrating an elevated hemoglobin A1c or using insulin preparations) with associated chronic abdominal pain and elevated serum lipase. We enrolled subjects with symptoms for a prolonged time to ensure enrollment of subjects with potential relapsing acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis as opposed to patients with only a short interval of symptoms (14).
HRQOL surveys with consent letters were mailed to potential study subjects and their parents. Only children who returned survey forms in the mail were included in the study. A child was excluded from study participation if there was a medical history of developmental delay, if the child or family did not speak English, or if the child was deceased.
HRQOL data were obtained using standard survey research methodology (15). Specifically, PedsQL forms, a PedsQL Family Information Form, and a cover letter were sent to all of the eligible patients. A reminder postcard was mailed 7 to 10 days later. The PedsQL forms and a second-mailing cover letter were mailed 1 to 2 weeks after sending the reminder postcard to all of the nonrespondents. Approximately 3 weeks after the initial mailing, a telephone reminder call was made to all of the remaining nonrespondents. All of the nonrespondents also were offered the option of a telephone interview at the 3-week reminder call.
The 23-item PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales encompass physical functioning (8 items), emotional functioning (5 items), social functioning (5 items), and school functioning (5 items), and were developed through focus groups, cognitive interviews, pretesting, and field testing measurement development protocols (16–18). The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales comprise parallel child self-report for ages 5 to18 and parent proxy-report for ages 2 to 18 formats.
The items for each of the forms are essentially identical, differing in developmentally appropriate language, or first- or third-person tense. The instructions ask how much of a problem each item has been during the last month. A 5-point response scale is used across child self-report for ages 8 to18 years (0 = never a problem, 1 = almost never a problem, 2 = sometimes a problem, 3 = often a problem, 4 = almost always a problem). Items are reverse scored and linearly transformed to a 0-to-100 scale (0 = 100, 1 = 75, 2 = 50, 3 = 25, 4 = 0), so that higher scores indicate better HRQOL. Scale scores are computed as the sum of the items divided by the number of items answered (this accounts for missing data). If >50% of the items in the scale are missing, then the scale score is not computed (16). Although there are other strategies for imputing missing values, this computation is consistent with the previous PedsQL peer-reviewed publications and other well-established HRQOL measures (16,19–29). To create the Psychosocial Health Summary Score (15 items), the mean is computed as the sum of the items divided by the number of items answered in the emotional, social, and school functioning scales.
The 18-item PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale encompasses 3 scales: general fatigue (6 items, eg, "I feel tired," "I feel too tired to do things that I like to do"), sleep/rest fatigue (6 items, eg, "I feel tired when I wake up in the morning," "I rest a lot"), and cognitive fatigue (6 items, eg, "It is hard for me to keep my attention on things," "It is hard for me to remember what people tell me") (18–20,27,28). The format, instructions, Likert response scale, and scoring method are identical to the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales, with higher scores indicating better HRQOL (lower fatigue symptoms). The instructions for the standard version ask how much of a problem each item has been during the last month (30,31).
Patient charts were reviewed for patients who returned the HRQOL study forms. The following patient aspects were obtained from chart review: age at diagnosis of pancreatitis, years since initial diagnosis of pancreatitis, sex, ethnicity (defined as black, Hispanic, white/non-Hispanic, other, or unknown), use of maintenance pain medication (eg, narcotics, tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, tramadol), use of PERT, last recorded baseline body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), history of cystic fibrosis, history of pancreatic fibrosis or pancreatic pseudocyst formation, history of impaired exocrine pancreas function, and history of impaired endocrine pancreas function.
Descriptive statistics of the study participants with pancreatitis were performed. Scale scores across the pediatric pancreatitis sample and a matched healthy sample were compared. In dependent samples t tests were used to compare groups differing in known health status (pediatric patients with pancreatitis and healthy children) on the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scales (32,33). To determine the magnitude of the differences between pediatric patients with pancreatitis and healthy children, effect sizes were calculated. Effect size was calculated by taking the difference between the healthy sample mean and the pancreatitis sample mean, divided by the pooled standard deviation. Effect sizes for differences in mean were designated as small (0.20), medium (0.50), and large (0.80) in magnitude (34).
An analysis of Pearson product moment correlations among the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scales also was performed. Based on the conceptualization of disease-specific symptoms as causal indicators of generic HRQOL, it was anticipated that more severe fatigue would be associated with more impaired generic HRQOL. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient effect sizes were designated as small (0.10–0.29), medium (0.30–0.49), and large (≥50) (34).
Child self-report and parent proxy report agreements were determined through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The ICC provides an index of absolute agreement given that it takes into account the ratio between subject variability and total variability. ICCs were designated as ≤0.40, poor-to-fair agreement; 0.41 to 0.60, moderate agreement; 0.61 to 0.80, good agreement; and 0.81 to 1.00, excellent agreement (35–37). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 18.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL).
We initially identified 607 patients ages 18 years or younger who had been seen at our institution with a diagnosis of long-standing pancreatitis based on ICD-9 codes during the last 10 years. When we evaluated the records of these patients, we found 123 subjects who potentially fit the criteria for long-standing pancreatitis. Surveys were sent to these families, and initially, 55 families returned surveys. A further review of the medical records eliminated 17 of these study subjects because they had never been diagnosed as having pancreatitis nor had diagnostic testing consistent with pancreatitis. In total, 38 parent–child dyads qualified for the present study based on their medical history. The surveys for 3 of these dyads were completed by telephone interview.
The demographics of the pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis are detailed in Table 1. The mean age at diagnosis of the initial event of pancreatitis was 7.2 years, and the mean number of years that had passed since the initial episode of pancreatitis until data were reviewed was 3.6 years. Female sex was noted in 50% of the study subjects, and 87% of subjects were noted as white/non-Hispanic with regard to ethnicity. All of the patients had experienced abdominal pain and a prolonged elevation of serum lipase. The average number of months in the medical record that an elevated lipase was noted with associated abdominal pain was 16 months, although many of these patients had a longer history of abdominal pain with no recorded lipase level. It was noted that 21% of patients had been taking some type of maintenance pain medication during their clinical course, which included hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, or morphine, whereas 40% were maintained on PERT as part of their medical therapy. Three patients had imaging that was consistent with chronic pancreatitis (1 patient with fibrotic pancreas seen on computed tomography scan and 2 patients with pancreatic calcifications seen on magnetic resonance imaging). Nine patients (24%) had radiographic evidence of a pancreatic pseudocyst (by either abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography). Four patients had pancreatic exocrine insufficiency documented either by 72-hour fecal fat or fecal elastase testing, and 6 patients had documented endocrine insufficiency and were receiving insulin therapy. Of the 6 patients with endocrine insufficiency, 3 required insulin before the diagnosis of pancreatitis because of a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. It is unknown whether the children with preexisting diabetes had experienced earlier episodes of pancreatitis that could have led to the development of diabetes (38).
The most common cause of long-standing pancreatitis was either genetic (1 subject with a PRSS1 mutation, 1 subject with a SPINK1 mutation, and 5 patients with at least 1 CFTR mutation) or idiopathic consistent with findings of earlier studies evaluating causes of relapsing pancreatitis in children (39). Other documented causes of long-standing pancreatitis included anatomic abnormalities, medication adverse effect, trauma or postsurgical infection, abdominal tumor, hemolytic uremic syndrome, celiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, or other cause (eg, possible Schwachman syndrome). Only 3 of the study participants had a BMI <5% for age and sex, and only 1 patient had cystic fibrosis.
The healthy children sample for the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales was derived from the previously conducted PedsQL 4.0 initial field test and a State's Children's Health Insurance Program evaluation in California (16,40). The healthy children sample was randomly matched by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to the long-standing pancreatitis sample. The average age of 587 boys (49.8%) and 591 girls (50.2%) was 10.30 years (standard deviation 3.82). With respect to race/ethnicity, the sample contained 1087 (92.3%) white non-Hispanic, 61 (5.2%) Hispanics, and 30 (2.5%) Asian/Pacific Islanders.
The healthy children sample for the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale was derived from 2 previously conducted studies (21,22). The sample was randomly matched by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to the long-standing pancreatitis sample. The average age of 90 boys (49.7%) and 89 girls (49.2%) was 11.37 years (standard deviation 4.06). With respect to race/ethnicity, the sample contained 143 (79.0%) white non-Hispanics, 10 (10.5%) Hispanics, 8 (4.4%) Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 11 (6.1%) other.
Internal consistency reliability α coefficients for the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and Multidimensional Fatigue Scales are presented in Tables 2 and 3. All of the patient self-report scales and parent proxy report scales on the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and Multidimensional Fatigue Scale exceeded the minimum reliability standard of 0.70 required for group comparisons, whereas the total scale scores for both measures exceeded the reliability criterion of 0.90 recommended for analyzing individual patient scale scores.
Patients with long-standing pancreatitis and their parents reported significantly lower HRQOL and higher fatigue than healthy children (Tables 2 and 3). Effect sizes were in the medium-to-large range on the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales, with the smallest effect sizes found on the Social Functioning Scale for both child self-report and parent proxy report. All of the effect sizes for the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale were in the large range, with the greatest effect sizes demonstrated on the Total Fatigue Scale score for both child self-report and parent proxy report.
The intercorrelations among the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and Multidimensional Fatigue Scale for child self-report and parent proxy report are presented in Table 4. Overall, more impaired generic HRQOL was significantly correlated with higher fatigue, with the majority of intercorrelations in the medium-to-large effect size range. The ICCs between long-standing pancreatitis patients and their parents on the PedsQL Scales were in the moderate-to-good agreement range (Table 5). Highest agreement between parents and children was demonstrated on the Physical Health Scale (ICC 0.78).
The present study evaluated HRQOL in pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis at a single institution. Significantly impaired HRQOL and fatigue were reported by children with pancreatitis as well as their parents.
Across all of the subscales on the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales, pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis demonstrated significantly worse HRQOL compared with a matched healthy sample. The majority of effect sizes were in the medium-to-large effect size range for both child self-report and parent proxy report, indicating that pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis experience significantly diminished functioning across both physical and psychosocial domains. This finding is consistent with a study that investigated HRQOL among pediatric patients with severe chronic pancreatitis who reported impairments in both physical and emotional domains before TP/IAT (13). Some of the largest effect sizes for both child self-report and parent proxy report were seen on the PedsQL Psychosocial Health Summary Score, largely due to greatest differences between children with long-standing pancreatitis and healthy children in school functioning. Increased days of missed school and work have been correlated with constant abdominal pain but not pain severity in adult patients with chronic pancreatitis (41). Thus, our finding that school functioning was affected most in this pediatric population may not be surprising given that pancreatitis symptoms (eg, chronic pain) would likely also affect a child's school absences and ability to focus in school (the 2 domains captured by the PedsQL School Functioning Scale). These data suggest that concerted efforts are needed to develop interventions that mitigate the effect of long-standing pancreatitis on school functioning in this pediatric population.
In an adult population, HRQOL has been shown to be impaired in patients with constant (as opposed to intermittent) abdominal pain from pancreatitis and in patients who have alcohol use as a cause of pancreatitis (42,43). Additionally, adult patients with or without sphincter of Oddi dysfunction associated with relapsing acute or chronic pancreatitis have demonstrated equally low HRQOL (43). The presence of pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (diabetes), steatorrhea, low BMI, and loss of employment also appear to be factors that decrease HRQOL in adult studies. Conversely, increased BMI and patient social support are associated with an improvement in HRQOL, whereas disease etiology, disease duration, and changes in pancreatic morphology noted on imaging have shown no effect on HRQOL in adult studies (44–46). The BMI of most of our patients was not impaired.
In the present study, pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis also exhibited significantly higher fatigue than a matched healthy sample, with all of the effect sizes in the large effect size range. The medium-to-large correlations between higher fatigue and impaired generic HRQOL suggest that fatigue possibly as a result of abdominal pain may be an important construct to target in intervention work with this pediatric population (42). Data from the present study suggest that lower levels of fatigue should be positively associated with better overall HRQOL in this pediatric population; however, longitudinal analyses are needed to confirm these cross-sectional findings.
Our finding that children and parents showed moderate-to-good agreement on the PedsQL Scales suggests that in general, parents and children in this population are seeing the child's HRQOL and fatigue symptoms similarly. It should be noted, however, that this finding may in part be an artifact of the mail survey methodology used in the present study. Future studies should investigate the agreement between child and parent reports in this population using other survey methodologies to determine whether our findings hold true across other modes of administration.
There are some limitations to the present study. Our study sample included a small number of predominantly white/non-Hispanic patients from a single center, which matched the demographics of Utah but limited the generalizability of our findings (47). The small sample size also limited us from performing subgroup analyses of HRQOL and fatigue with regard to sex, presence of comorbidities, pain medication use, or other categories. Only a small number of completed surveys were returned (31%) relative to the number of surveys initially mailed to potential study subjects. As such, the returned surveys may represent a sampling bias and could represent patients with more severe symptoms. The use of ICD-9 codes to retrospectively identify patients with symptoms of long-standing pancreatitis could have led to an underestimate of the actual number of patients with this condition at our institution.
The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in this patient sample was difficult. Our patients could have had early development of chronic pancreatitis or recurrent acute pancreatitis; however, this possibility could not be documented in the medical record in a retrospective manner (48). It was also difficult to determine whether the abdominal pain experienced by these patients resulted from another cause, with the documented elevated lipase level simply being associated with the rare but benign finding of macrolipasemia (49). Finally, we were not able to evaluate whether other comorbidities affected HRQOL in this patient population (50).
Nevertheless, our study demonstrates significantly impaired HRQOL and fatigue in pediatric patients with symptoms of long-standing pancreatitis. We recommend a multicenter study to corroborate these findings and studies to evaluate the effect of dietary intake, BMI, and PERT on the effect of HRQOL and fatigue in pediatric patients with long-standing pancreatitis (including patients with chronic pancreatitis). Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with potential chronic pancreatitis also are needed.
health-related quality of life; pancreatitis; pediatrics; PedsQL
Copyright 2012 by ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN
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RUSH: Algore went nuts Thursday in Aspen, and last Thursday we had a field day with global warming and how it's all a hoax. I forget the specifics, but we just had evidence after evidence after evidence. You know, the guy that took all those fraudulent polar bear pictures was gonna be investigated for fraud and so forth. We had all kinds of that stuff, and Algore was at the Aspen Institute during a panel discussion on "networks and citizenship." He talked about global warming, and he lost it.
ALGORE: They pay pseudoscientists to pretend to be scientists, to put out the message, "This climate thing, it's nonsense! Manmade CO2 doesn't trap heat. It may be volcanoes." Bull(bleep)! "It may be sunspots." Bull(bleep)! "It's not getting warmer." Bull(bleep)! When you go and talk to any audience about climate, you hear them washing back at you the same crap over and over and over again. It's no longer acceptable in mixed company, meaning bipartisan company, to use the God(bleep) word "climate." It's not acceptable. They have polluted this to the point where we cannot possibly come to an agreement on it because of this organized activity.
RUSH: This is what we all want to know that is happening in the dark corridors of the left. We want to know that they're all reacting this way to everything that's going on. Algore just lost it. You remember, now, Friday night on HBO, Christina Romer out there and admitted that the economy was intercoursed and we were intercoursed, and here's Algore, every other word, bulls---, and God----. He didn't use the word "intercoursed," but he got close; and the fit he had? He was flailing around, saying all this. "Maybe volcano. Bullsh--! Maybe sunspots. Bullsh--! Not getting warmer. Bullsh--! When you go and talk to any audience about climate you hear 'em washing back same crap over and over again, no longer acceptable to use the God---- word climate." (laughing)
Isn't this what we hope they're all doing when they talk to each other and themselves? In fact, we know they are. We know they are. Algore just happened to let loose in a moment of lost discipline at the Aspen Institute. He must not-a gotten the memo about civility. You know, the Aspen Institute, that's Walter Isaacson's joint. This is where all the highfalutin' hoi polloi gather and sit around and talk about stuff and Charlie Rose moderates it. I don't know if Charlie Rose was there, but if he was he lost control of Algore. Hee-hee-hee-hee.


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BP Comment Quick Links
Vote in the Internet Baseball Awards for a chance at a free copy of Dollar Sign on the Muscle
July 24, 2011
Tater Trot Tracker
Trot Times for July 23
We are one week away from August. How in the world did that happen? Well, at least that means we're getting to the trade deadline and the excitement of the late-season playoff push. It's something to keep our mind off this crazy summer heat, at least.
Now let's get to those trots!
Home Run of the Day: Chase Utley #2, Philadelphia Phillies - 19.63 seconds [video]
Slowest Trot: Cameron Maybin, San Diego Padres - 26.93 seconds [video]
Quickest Trot: Marlon Byrd, Chicago Cubs - 18.8 seconds [video]
All of Today's Trots Cameron Maybin....26.93 Ryan Braun........21.72 Yadier Molina.....26.56 Troy Tulowitzki...20.98 Lance Berkman.....25.09 Lucas Duda........20.94 J.P. Arencibia....25 Chase Utley #1....20.9 Miguel Montero....24.02 Ryan Howard.......20.67 Josh Willingham...23.65 Hideki Matsui.....20.55 Justin Upton......23.62 Danny Valencia....20.41 Geovany Soto......23.32 Chase Headley.....20.41 Michael Martinez..23.2 Logan Morrison....20.11 Nick Swisher......22.93 Chase Utley #2....19.63 Vernon Wells......22.09 Adam Jones........19.43 Gaby Sanchez #2...22.02 Mike Carp.........19.2 Jose Reyes........21.94 Marlon Byrd.......18.8 Gaby Sanchez #1...21.74
2 comments have been left for this article.
BP Comment Quick Links
Uh, Larry? Maybin's HR *hit* the fair pole - it was plenty high enough, but the issue of fair-foul was very much in doubt until the ball hit the pole.
Jul 24, 2011 10:05 AM
Larry Granillo
BP staff
Hmm, I suppose it's possible that I missed that while watching it. I thought I saw it land easily in the crowd, but I could be mistaken. The that would explain it to a certain degree (he was still a bit slow from 1st to home). I can't watch it now though...
Jul 24, 2011 12:05 PM
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text:
September 2002
Footloose and Fancy Free
Discipline Global Mobile
Try to overlook Bill Bruford's past experiments with electronic drums. Forget King Crimson. And while you're at it, try to get over your nationalistic bias against the whole Brit-jazz scene (of which Bruford has come to be regarded as its Art Blakey). The fact is, if Bruford hasn't already established himself as one of the premier working drummer-composers in jazz-right up there with the likes of Peter Erskine, Bill Stewart, Matt Wilson, Jeff "Tain" Watts and Ralph Peterson-he certainly does with Footloose and Fancy Free, a live 2-CD set recorded at London's PizzaExpress Jazz Club in the summer of 2001.
Though Bruford did carve out a historic niche for himself during the '70s with the art-rock groups Yes and King Crimson, since 1986 (with one sidetrack for a whirlwind Crimson reunion tour in the mid-'90s) he has concentrated on his first drumming passion-jazz. Bruford's band Earthworks has turned out consistently strong recordings that showcase the leader's supple swing chops and polyrhythmic aplomb along with his thoughtful, multidirectional compositions that studiously avoid the age-old head-solo-solo-solo-head format of mainstream jazz. Along the way Bruford has also demonstrated a knack, a la Blakey, for recruiting bright new talent (the gifted saxophonist Iain Ballamy and the immensely talented Django Bates were in the first edition of Earthworks). The star of this latest edition of Earthworks is saxophonist Patrick Clahar, whose pungent tone, wailing chops and tendency toward precision suggest a younger Michael Brecker. Indeed, the band that Bruford's current Earthworks most resembles is the recent Brecker Quartet, with Bruford playing Tain to Steve Hamilton's Joey Calderazzo and Mark Hodgson's James Genus.
On this ninth Earthworks offering, Bruford quickly establishes the band's drive and flexibility through the sudden transitions and time signature shifts of the swinging title track that opens the first CD. On soprano sax, Clahar acquits himself nicely with a lyrical flair and golden tone on the melancholic ballad "A Part, and Yet Apart," which he co-wrote with Bruford and Hamilton, and also on the sinister-sounding "Original Sin," which incorporates some dazzling drum flourishes and hip time displacement from Bruford. But it is on tenor that Clahar really shines here, as he unleashes with Breckerish abandon on four impressive showcases in "Never the Same Way Once," a surging "The Emperor's New Clothes," "No Truce With the Furies" and "If Summer Had Its Ghosts," the title track of Bruford's 1997 chamber trio collaboration with guitarist Ralph Towner and bassist Eddie Gomez.
Pianist Hamilton, who is Bruford's most frequent co-writer, shows a decided Jarrett influence throughout, particularly on "Cloud Cuckoo Land" and Bruford's beautiful ballad "Dewey-Eyed, Then Dancing." He shows a crystalline touch on the gentle ballad "Come to Dust," which has Bruford switching nimbly from tasteful brush, mallet and stick work behind Hamilton and Clahar's solos. And Hamilton's cascading solo on "The Emperor's New Clothes" reveals touches of Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea's influences as well.
Bruford, for his part, remains an original. As a player, his tight, high-pitched snare sound is instantly recognizable. As a composer, his tendency toward overintellectualizing the process is balanced by an inner urge to swing. Those two qualities working in tandem have allowed him to build an impressive body of work with his various Earthworks lineups over the past 16 years.
Footloose and Fancy Free is a testament to Bruford's enduring legacy as a first-rate jazz drummer, composer and bandleader.


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- 12-28-2012, 06:03 PM Thread Author #1
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I can upgrade my i1?
I have a motorola i1 and i want upgrade from android 1.5 to 2 or up. Actually i not use the phone with network is a paperweight. I want put a version of android higher that 1.5, this is posible?
I don't mind losing functionality with the Nextel network.
- 12-28-2012, 07:32 PM #2Banned
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Re: I can upgrade my i1?
this is all i could find. There is no official 2.2, but here is a port: How to Upgrade / Update Motorola i1 to Android 2.2 Froyo - Internet Service Provider | Upgrade Update Android
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WOW! Britney Spears is on a streak of brilliant music videos this era! Leaving aside the overhyped, hot mess video of "Hold It Against Me", all the follow-ups have been top notch! The apocalypsis-themed "Till The World Ends" and the paparazzi-mocking vid of "I Wanna Go"...both awesome visuals. Now for the official fourth single from "Femme Fatale", the Max Martin & Shellback co-produced midtempo "Criminal", Britney has decided to raise the bar of great music videos even more! Filmed in London (by request of Britney), the Chris Marrs Piliero-directed video is a fantastic histrionic, sexy and cinematic effort. You'll want to watch it in its entirety without a doubt! Hit 'play' now!
Britney gets into this character of a high-society woman, who has this obnoxious, sexist boyfriend. They're at this fancy party, they fight, Britney cries in the toilet, sprays some of her "Radiance" perfume on, puts her sh*t together, returns with the BF, catches him hitting on another girl, he takes Brit Brit outside, they fight again, he SLAPS her bad, but then suddenly, her 'Criminal' lover, played by Brit's real beau Jason Trawick, comes to her rescue and takes down the jerk-off boyfriend. Then the new couple begin their 'underworld' (and super passionate with some very STEAMY scenes) love story. Britney looks flawless!
What do YOU think of the music video/song?


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Projecting what player goes where can be tough. Toward the last few weeks leading up to the draft, everyone's draft boards start to converge and look about the same, and they're all wrong.
One team making a surprise pick (like the Titans last year) changes the dynamic of the whole thing.
Then there are some players that are just hard to figure out. They may be a special talent in a position that isn't in high demand, they may be the best player at their position in a weak class or they could be completely different prospects depending on what scout you ask.
This is a list of those guys. Here are the seven players I have the most trouble figuring out this season.


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Dolphins release cornerback Richard MarshallThe Miami Dolphins have released cornerback Richard Marshall, according to a league source. Per a league source, former Dolphins cornerback Richard Marshall has agreed to terms on a one-year deal with the Chargers. The Miami Dolphins have released veteran… (more)
Source: Marshall to Chargers on 1-year dealThe San Diego Chargers reached an agreement with veteran cornerback Richard Marshall, the team announced Friday.
Cornerback talks to Jaguars, signs with ChargersUPDATE: 2:57 p.m. The Jaguars expressed an interest in free agent cornerback Richard Marshall Friday. Pro Football Talk first reported the visit. UPDATE: PFT and other media outlets are reporting that Marshall has agreed to a one-year deal with San Dieg…Source: jacksonville.com
Marshall visits Jaguars, could pick new team FridayCornerback Richard Marshall unexpectedly became a free agent earlier this week, cut by the Dolphins as he was closing in on a $4.55 million base salary for 2013. Per a source with knowledge of the situation, Marshall could pick his next team as soon as …Source: profootballtalk.com
Miami Dolphins: Who Covers Slot with Marshall Gone?It's pretty obvious what Richard Marshall's release on Tuesday night means for the Dolphins' starting cornerback spot opposite Brent Grimes: Dimitri Patterson has won the job after a solid training camp. It's a little unclear what Miami plans to do at n…Source: dolphinsgab.com
Marshall cut makes Patterson starting CBThe Miami Dolphins released veteran cornerback Richard Marshall Tuesday night, ESPN's Adam Schefter reports. Marshall also posted on his Twitter account that he appreciated the opportunity but it was time to move on. What does this move mean for the Dol…Source: ESPN.com
Is it too early to worry about Cutler's reliance on Marshall?So, Jay Cutler, are you going to throw to somebody other than Brandon Marshall this season? ''You guys are hitting the panic button after two preseason games and 30 plays. We've run 30,'' the Bears quarterback said Tuesday. ''Yeah, we're going to spread…Source: suntimes.com


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Pat's 3-Point Quick Hitch, Category 2, Stabilizer Bar Included
Pat's 3-Point Quick Hitch - Category 2. This hitch system comes with all of the hardware needed for its installation.
Pat's 3-Point quick hitch is a category 2 easy change system that comes with all of the hardware needed for installation including a stabilizer bar and shims. No other quick hitch gives you this much flexibility for all your implements and connects to older and newer model tractors. Pat's system comes with a set of two quick hitches that are simple to install and requires no alterations to your tractor.
Shims are included to help you align your quick hitch parallel to your tractor's lift arms. Set screws, jam nuts and u-bolts are also included to securely attach each hitch.
Pat's 3-point quick hitch attachment makes connecting to your 3-point equipment easier and quicker. They even make it easy to pick up equipment that is not on level ground. There is an adjustable stabilizer bar included for the lift arm alignment. The spring loaded latch and hook system makes it a cinch to secure your 3-point implement. The latch can also be locked in an open position to help move equipment around.
- Pat's 3-Point Quick Hitch
- Model 202
- Category 2
- Easy Change System
- Stabilizer bar included
- Hardware kit included
- Fits lift arms 2 to 3.25 in. tall
- Lift arm pins are 1-1/8 in. in diameter
- Use ASC #73966 for replacement bent pin washers
- Made in USA
If you need a category 1 quick hitch, see ASC #70078.
Brand: Pat's
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I wanted to update my prior review, but it hasn't posted yet. This is a great idea for one man hookups. You can align one side and just raise up lift arm to just where the hook is below the pins and push back to get the other side aligned, let the tractor do all the work. The only issue I had was the instructions failed to say you should set spread on lift arms to match your equip. (mine is 27") then align parallel to each other and perpendicular to the tractor. Instead I lined the hook to the bend on my lift arms and when I set to proper width, they were slightly cocked. This is not the same as the eye ball in the end that has a lot of flexibility. It didn't matter on my heavy disk, but when I attempted to use it on a plow, the angle made it too difficult to hitch up. Cat 1 plow and Cat 2 hitch. I attempted to remove (back off) the alignment bolts and they just twisted off. The supplied bolts are very soft and the ends bradded and I was unable to remove. I sent a message to Agri Supply customer
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A vigil is planned for Thursday night in downtown Stoughton for the family of Michael Iverson, the 10-year-old boy that was killed in a crash Monday afternoon.
The candlelight vigil starts at 7:30 p.m. at Mandt Park and will go until people stop showing up, organizers said. Donations for the family will be accepted during the vigil.
The Iverson family was driving back to Stoughton after a volleyball tournament they went to in Monroe when the crash happened on Highway 59 west of Albany at about 5:40 p.m. Monday.
According to the Green County Sheriff's Department, Trevor McGuire, 21, was driving his pickup truck west on 59 when he crossed the center line and hit a minivan going eastbound. McGuire faces homicide by intoxicated use of a vehicle charges.
Micheal Iverson was pronounced dead at the scene from injuries sustained in the crash, according to the sheriff's department.
The sheriff's department said an investigation showed that McGuire had been drinking alcohol before the crash, and his blood alcohol level was "well over" the legal limit. A passenger in the truck said both of them had been drinking, according to deputies. Investigators said they found an opened container of alcohol in the truck.
Danielle Reynolds, Michael's aunt, said he loved to dance and sing, and it was "simply impossible not to love him."


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Classic American RoastHouse
Sharps features 10 fresh roast varieties every day. Our dinner menu offers fresh chopped prime marbeled beef on pub buns, fresh Washington grown chicken, all natural, slow roasted herb rubbed turkey breast, 12 hour cabernet marinated Prime Rib, wild, flash-roasted Coho Salmon and Apple Wood Smoked St. Louis Baby Back Ribs.
Our famous Fresh Lunch Grill is guaranteed for 15-minute delivery or it's FREE, everyday. Show us your Washington State ID card and receive 20% off your food when dining in house.
The Happy Hour Menu is available from 4-6pm and 10-12pm everyday.
500 Spirits and Counting
Sharps features the city's largest collection of spirits, over 26 fresh live drafts, and our famous $5.00 scratch martini. Our drink menu expands from classics such as the Corpse Reviver #2, to contemporary martinis like our Strawberry Balsamic. Our tequilas include Patron Platinum Burdeos, a tequila aged in Bordeaux oak barrels, and Kah Reposado, a 110-proof ultra smooth, ten-month aged tequila in a painted skull bottle. Sharps features local liquors from Woodinville to the Oregon Coast, including the recently released Dry Fly Washington Wheat Whiskey, distilled in Spokane and made with 100% locally-sourced wheat, making it just as rare as it is easy to drink. And if you're a scotch drinker, try the Balvenie DoubleWood 10 year old single malt - Aged first in an oak whiskey cask then transferred to a European oak sherry cask, you'll notice notes of honey and vanilla as you savor it neat.
If we don't have the spirit you want, tell us and we'll get it.


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Let's Choose among at-large candidates on education
In light of the debates swirling around the District around education this week in particular, Let's Choose DC (a partnership of Greater Greater Washington, DCist, and PoPville) asked the at-large candidates about their vision for education:
DC's education system has improved in recent years for many kids, but many schools remain inadequate to our children's needs. If you could design a better school system for DC, what would it look like? Would we have more teacher evaluations or fewer? More charter schools, fewer, or different ones? More or fewer kids going to local schools? How else would your school system differ structurally from the one we have today?Seven candidates responded: Diallo Brooks, Matthew Frumin, Patrick Mara, Perry Redd, Pedro Rubio, John Settles, and Elissa Silverman. Since last week, AJ Cooper has dropped out. Anita Bonds and Michael Brown did not respond for the third week in a row.
There are 3 different axes, so to speak:
- Teacher evaluations: more or less?
- Charters: more or less?
- Schools near where the kid lives: More or less?
Only one of those is about charters. The first one is not about charters, and the 3rd could be about charters (neighborhood preference) or DCPS (should there be a lot of schools nearby people's houses?)
Patrick Mara also felt the question leaned toward being about charters, so maybe we could have phrased it more clearly. But it wasn't supposed to be more than 1/3 about charters.
by David Alpert on Jan 22, 2013 11:57 am • link • report
And the first argument could be about charters! You see, one feature of charters is that you can pick a school that hires teachers without the focus on a standardized evaluation that doesn't match what you feel is important as a parent. So, if you put your mind to it, you can make ANY education debate about charters!
I understand his point that education is a tough issue, but I was put off that he didn't even attempt to answer. I'm a Democrat who might support Mara, but this answer makes me think again.
I too was surprised that anyone would talk about Rhee reforms at this point, given everything we now know.
I'm not sure why it wouldn't be mentioned given that DCPS continues to operate under her model.
I was disappointed that only one candidate made the suggestion that there should be real, coordinated cooperation between DCPS and DC social service agencies.
Elissa's response was decent..but didn't answer the question and doesn't seem to account for the current "Chancellor" structure of DCPS that wouldn't allow us to go back to the times she mentioned in her response. Responding to specific questions with specific questions shouldn't cut it. I mean asking why Henderson fired the food director? Hunh?
FWIW, if you look at how Settles, Frumin and Brooks responded, they at least went into depth about the subject rather than the usual hitting one or two high notes. I prefer these sorts of responses rather than, "I'm not Pepsi, I'm not Coke, what I do want is your vote" sorta replies.
Once again though, this is AWESOME!
She was a reporter for the City Paper and the Post, and recently has been working for the DC Fiscal Policy Institute. Not sure if you count them as "lobbyists" or not. I don't think she was a registered lobbyist.
Silverman and Settles both seem to have pretty consistent grasp of the issues and pretty concrete responses.
Interesting. How did you feel about her responses to the actual questions?
Also, why aren't Bonds and Brown participating? I would have thought that Brown would want to flex his progressive bonafides with those reading here.
by Geoffrey Hatchard on Jan 22, 2013 5:22 pm • link • report
by David Alpert on Jan 22, 2013 6:24 pm • link • report
Hopefully someone can post an answer resolving whatever the confusion you have about his post.
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- Are public spaces really public when not everybody can use them?
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- If racial inequities didn't exist, DC would look like this...
- Metro now has an official plan for getting better in 2017. It's called Back2Good.
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