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How to Make a Pop Up Card
Two Methods:With a Cut-Out TabWithout a Cut-Out TabCommunity Q&A
Pop-up greeting cards are a great twist on the ordinary greeting card. They are enormously fun (and easy!) to create, and the recipient of your card will be delighted. Now it's time to get creative and to make a pop up card of your own.
With a Cut-Out Tab
1Cut out a rectangular piece of the colored paper. For best results, make sure the actual card is twice the height of the envelope and the pop up shape one half the height of it. A pop up that's too big will prove cumbersome and hard to manage.
- Scrapbook paper makes for good greeting card material. Cardstock works well, too -- just make sure your crease is straight and firm.
2Fold it in half, short sides together. Give it a firm crease with your fingernail or a ruler's edge. Make sure it's straight!
3Make two cuts. Make these about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long. The cut should be made in from the folded edge of the card in order to make a flap. You can make your cuts deeper or more widely spaced if you wish; take into account the size of your pop up. A bigger pop up needs a bigger flap.
- If you don't like the fact that there's now a gaping hole in your card, cover it up! Take a piece of paper, cut it to size, fold it in half, and voila! You now have a border for the edge of your card. Problem solved.
4Crease the pop-up. Fold the flap over on to the front, then fold it on to the back of the card. Open the card and push the flap up toward you. Pinch the middle to crease it.
5Decide what you want to pop up. It could be a picture of a gift, a name, a heart, a part of a photograph, or anything that takes your fancy. Cut out your pop-up shape and glue it on to the front of the pop-up - i.e., the part that is vertical when the bottom, inside portion of your card is flat against the table and the card is open. Allow the glue plenty of time to dry.
- For this part, it's best to use a glue stick. You don't want a soggy mess being made of you and the card.
6Finish the card. Write your message, put it inside the envelope and give it to your intended recipient. They'll love it!
- If you have ribbon, glitter, stickers, stamps, or any scrapbooking materials around the house, use them!
Without a Cut-Out Tab
1Grab a piece of decorative paper and fold it in half, short sides together. Whatever you want to use for the base of your card -- cardstock, printer paper, scrapbook paper -- will be fine. Just make sure it can support the weight of your pop up!
2Choose paper for your pop up and fold it in half. You can rummage through your scrap papers for this part; your pop up should be about half the size of your card. If the paper is too big, cut it to size. Once you've found one that fits your needs, fold it in half, short ends together, just like you did with the primary card.
3Draw half your image up to the crease to ensure symmetry. For this method we'll use a heart shape. Draw half the heart with the center on the fold; cut it out, open it up, and fold it the other direction. Your heart needs to be very bendy as it's doing the popping!
4Form a V-fold. These are tabs at the bottom of your heart that will make it pop up when the card is open. About 1/4" (.6 cm) from the bottom, draw a 45° angle both ways, starting from center. If you have a knitting needle or bone folder, score the paper on that line. If you don't, just form a really firm crease.
- Fold it back and then fold it forward along that crease. This is the tab that will attach the heart to the card.
5Using double-sided tape, attach the tab to the card lining up at the center. Make sure the center of your heart matches up with the center of the card! The tab should be facing out, visible when opened. After all, it completes the shape of the heart.
- When the heart is attached, force it to fold outward and down. That way, when the card closes, it hides in the center.
- Glue does work, but it's much messier and less reliable.
6Decorate your card. Pop up complete, now it's just time to add your message and final touches! Write on the front, the heart, or anywhere in between. Sprinkle on some glitter, a ribbon, or whatever you can find in your craft drawer. DIY success!
Community Q&A
Can I use colorful paper for this?wikiHow ContributorOf course. Be as creative as you want. Just make sure the paper is the right thickness, depending upon the style of your card.
How can I make a beautiful pop up card?wikiHow ContributorDecorate your card with glitter pens, stamps, stickers, beads or other craft items. Use special trimming scissors to add interesting borders and designs around your card.
How can I make a good anniversary card?wikiHow ContributorMake the pop up a heart and around it, write how much you love your significant other or whatever you want the person to know.
How do I make diwali pop up cards?
How can I make a pop up card with 3D effect?
How do you fold the flap to make it pop up?
- Make sure you cut at the right side of the card. If you cut on the side where you open the card, it means you did something wrong!
- Decorate your card with glitter pens, stamps, stickers, beads or other craft items.
- Use specialty trimming scissors to add interesting borders and designs around your card.
- If you don't want the recipient to look at the cut pop-up, take a Cardstock of the same size and glue it to the cover of the card or thread a ribbon through the center.
- If a child is making the pop up card, supervise them when handling scissors.
Things You'll Need
For Both Methods
- Paper (copy paper, construction paper, cardstock, or scrapbook paper)
- Scissors
- Glue/double-sided tape
- Markers, crayons, colored pencils, writing utensils
- Envelope
- Decorations (optional)
- Ruler (optional)
- Bone folder/knitting needle (optional)
Article Info
Categories: Pop Up Cards
In other languages:
Español: hacer una tarjeta pop up, Português: Fazer um Cartão Pop Up, Italiano: Creare un Biglietto Animato, Deutsch: Eine Aufstellkarte anfertigen, Français: créer une carte pop‑up, Русский: сделать 3D открытку, Nederlands: Maak zelf een pop up wenskaart, Bahasa Indonesia: Membuat Kartu Pop Up, 中文: 制作立体卡片
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 1,349,447 times.


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You may remember that I recently helped my friends Megan and Emily come up with a few ideas for the bridal shower they wanted to throw for their sister Katie. (See the inspiration I put together here).
The party they threw turned out amazingly, and I have some pictures to share!
Lunch was sandwiches and a few varieties of salad. They tied the sandwiches up with knots! Cute knotty labels were on the water bottles too.
Megan & Emily set up a candy bar and a had a few other sweets. I love the sugar cookies with knots of icing! Isn't the color palate beautiful?
Party Favors:
Chocolate and yogurt covered pretzels were the party favors (perfect, don't you agree?). Cute little labels too!
Congratulations Katie! (in the red)
Thanks Megan & Emily for sharing the photos!

subset: commoncrawl


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Chris Willis ran for 148 yards and a touchdown, as Central Catholic edged out Clay 31-24 in City League football last night.
The Irish controlled the game on special teams as Dane Sanzenbacher returned a punt 81 yards and Phil Reynolds blocked a punt and dashed 20 yards for a score.
Central's Kevin Boyle hauled in a touchdown pass from Kevin Jansen.
The Irish piled up 201 total yards, while the Eagles racked up 302 yards of total offense.
Clay's A.J. Achter caught three and seven-yard touchdown passes from Brent Graham in the losing effort.
Graham completed 18-of-37 passes for 190 yards and also ran for a touchdown.
Scott 28, Bowsher 6
Derek Bobo ran for 130 yards and four touchdowns to lead the Bulldogs.
Bobo scored on 5 and 17-yard runs in the second quarter and added 37 and 77-yard bursts in the fourth for Scott (5-3, 3-2).
Ryan Ehrhardt scored on a one-yard run for the Rebels (1-7, 0-5) in the third quarter.
Antwoine Ramsey carried 21 times for 142 yards for the Bulldogs.
St. Francis 28, Woodward 7
Cody Enos ran over and through the Polar Bears for 151 yards and three touchdowns, and the Knights held Woodward off the scoreboard until Makonnen Rice scored in the fourth quarter after St. Francis was ahead 28-0.
St. Francis (4-4, 3-1) put up 362 yards of net total offense to 141 for the Polar Bears (2-6, 2-3).
Derrick Canales scored the Knights' final TD on a four-yard run.
Rice carried 28 times for 96 of Woodward's 120 rushing yards.
St. Francis had 293 yards on the ground and 69 through the air.
Start 34, Libbey 7
Start's Jeno DeLuca ran for 96 yards and a pair of first-quarter touchdowns, and A.J. Whitmore kicked a pair of field goals and four extra points to pace the Spartans in their first win of the season.
Both teams carried 0-7, 0-4 records into the game.
Quinton Stewart ran seven yards for another TD and Mike Lucas caught a four-yard scoring strike from Brad Leestma (20 of 38 for 276 yards).
Libbey's Aaron Smith capped the game's scoring with a two-yard run and led the Cowboys with 55 yards on 16 carries.
The Cowboys threw one interception and lost a fumble.


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Image Information
Cute beagle dog looking at the viewer. Shallow depth of field.
adorable, animal, background, beagle, black, breed, brown, calm, canine, closeup, companion, couch, curious, cute, dog, domestic, droopy, ears, eye, floor, floppy, friend, furry, head, hound, hunter, indoors, instincts, laying, little, macro, male, mammal, nose, nosey, obedience, pet, pets, portrait, pup, puppy, purebred, sad, serious, sitting, sofa, tricolor, white, young
By arenacreative
Image ID: 1578530
Added: June 20, 2012


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Man, 23 years old from Hot springs national park, USA
- About me
- Friends (47)
- Comments
- Share
xTip: Sending a positive vote will save this user to your account, like a personal bookmark. Additionally, they will see this vote and may like you back, which will allow the exchange of your private contact information.
Age:23 years old
Profile hits: 579
Subscribers: 8
City:Hot springs national park
Signed up: October 31st, 2012 (1499 days ago)
Last activity: 539 days ago
About me:
Wassup ladies. I am the biggest freak any of you will ever meet.
I love eating and fuckin fat wet pussy, getting my face sat on, getting a bomb ass head job and im down for any and everything nasty with no limits. Any ladies that wanna talk to a nigga with that D, hit me up


text:
Count Basie asked the title question in his hit song from 1949, and the start of baseball season got us pondering another important question: What would baseball be without Brooklyn? You decide.
Want more? Don't "wait 'til next year" to read Bums: An Oral History of the Brooklyn Dodgers by Peter Golenbock. See more great photos (like the one above) in an historic slideshow from BPL's Brooklyn Collection. And all ages can enjoy the books and internet links on BPL's Baseball Season webpage.
Baseball without Brooklyn? No way. Jackie hit that ball.
*Robinson moved to second base the following year (see comments).


text:
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Found 113 resultsTitle
Filters: Keyword is Accidents, Traffic [Clear All Filters]
Fatal child cervical spine injuries in motor vehicle collisions: Analysis using unique linked national datasets." Injury. 2009;40(8):864-7."
Front versus rear seat injury risk for child passengers: evaluation of newer model year vehicles." Traffic Inj Prev. 2009;10(3):297-301."
Making the most of the worst-case scenario: should belt-positioning booster seats be used in lap-belt-only seating positions?" Traffic Inj Prev. 2009;10(6):580-3."
Non-fatal and fatal crash injury risk for children in minivans compared with children in sport utility vehicles." Inj. Prev.. 2009;15(1):8-12."
Passenger compartment intrusion as a predictor of significant injury for children in motor vehicle crashes." J Trauma. 2009;66(2):504-7."
Pediatric abdominal injury patterns generated by lap belt loading." J Trauma. 2009;67(6):1278-83; discussion 1283."
Primary access to vehicles increases risky teen driving behaviors and crashes: national perspective." Pediatrics. 2009;124(4):1069-75."
Injury risk for children in rear impacts: role of the front seat occupant." Ann Adv Automot Med. 2008;52:109-16."
Methods for determining pediatric thoracic force-deflection characteristics from cardiopulmonary resuscitation." Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:83-105."
National young-driver survey: teen perspective and experience with factors that affect driving safety." Pediatrics. 2008;121(5):e1391-403."
Rear-facing car safety seats: getting the message right." Pediatrics. 2008;121(3):619-20."
Risk factors for death among older child and teenaged motor vehicle passengers." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(3):253-60."
Seating patterns and corresponding risk of injury among 0- to 3-year-old children in child safety seats." Pediatrics. 2008;121(5):e1342-7."
SUV rollover in single vehicle crashes and the influence of ESC and SSF." Ann Adv Automot Med. 2008;52:3-8."
Teen driver crash risk and associations with smoking and drowsy driving." Accid Anal Prev. 2008;40(3):869-76."
Unlicensed teenaged drivers: who are they, and how do they behave when they are behind the wheel?" Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):e994-1000."
Breathing difficulty and tinnitus among children exposed to airbag deployment." Accid Anal Prev. 2007;39(3):624-8."
Child passenger injury risk in sibling versus non-sibling teen driver crashes: a US study." Inj. Prev.. 2007;13(3):207-10."
Effect of booster seat laws on appropriate restraint use by children 4 to 7 years old involved in crashes." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(3):270-5."
Field use patterns and performance of child restraints secured by lower anchors and tethers for children (LATCH)." Accid Anal Prev. 2007;39(3):530-5."
Can novice drivers be trained to scan for information that will reduce their likelihood of a crash?" Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i25-9."
A conceptual framework for reducing risky teen driving behaviors among minority youth." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i49-55."
Delta V as a predictor of significant injury for children involved in frontal motor vehicle crashes." Ann. Surg.. 2006;243(1):121-5."
Effectiveness of child safety seats vs seat belts in reducing risk for death in children in passenger vehicle crashes." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160(6):617-21."
Influences on youthful driving behavior and their potential for guiding interventions to reduce crashes." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i9-14."


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Residents are planning the repairs for the millions of dollars of weather damage caused this week.
A local Insurer, Floyd Petitt, says the claims have increased by over 50%, most commonly for wind and hail damage.
Petitt says, he hasn't seen an increase in business like this, since the extreme weather damage in 1995.
Copyright 2016 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Chartered Accountants & Business Advisors
020 8520 8659 | Email email@example.com
Whatever your needs, we can help. With 31 years of experience, Goldin & Co. is a firm of Chartered Accountants based in Walthamstow, East London offering accounts, taxation and business advisory and support services to a wide range of businesses and individuals.
At Goldin & Co. we provide a cost-effective, high value solution to meet all of your financial needs. We work hard to get to know you in order to deliver timely, individual advice on how to improve your business and personal wealth.
To find out more about how we can help you and your business click here for an overview of our services. To find out more about us click here.
To access a wealth of information visit our resource centre or download our free factsheets.
Make sure they are tax free
We use cookies on this website, you can find more information about cookies here.
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HIV Prevention and Testing > Am I Infected?
my test is due by the end of the week.
i'm sure it will be positive. think i have been for several years. my biggest fear is my 21 year old daughter is also. why? she sleeps a lot has the same itchy scalp i have. has mentioned easy bruising. hoping i'm crazy. she means every thing to me. help!!
if you find a doctor in colorado let me know. if i find one i will let you know. or any other help in colo.
colo10/59, please keep all your thoughts and questions in the "Am I Infected" forum. This forum is for people who have had a conclusive positive HIV result.
colo,I moved your posts from the "I Just Tested Poz" forum because, well, you haven't. Please read the Welcome Thread and pay attention to the our forum posting guidelines. Symptoms or even the lack of symptoms mean nothing when it comes to hiv infection. Only hiv antibody testing will reliably reveal your hiv status. You do not say why you suspect you are hiv positive, but if you have had unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse, you are wise to test. As for your daughter, hiv is not transmitted through casual, day to day contact so unless you were hiv positive when you were pregnant with her, there is no reason to believe she would also be positive - providing of course that you test positive.Ann
[0] Message Index


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Men attempt stop with emergency lights
St. Louis County sheriff's deputies are looking for two men who allegedly used police emergency lights to attempt to pull over a female driver.
The woman told authorities the incident happened on county Highway 4 about five miles south of Biwabik Saturday after dark. A small, unmarked car used dash-mounted police emergency lights, but she became suspicious of the men's appearance when she saw them in her rear-view mirror.
Sheriff's officials say she drove away and was not pursued.
WDIO-TV says sheriff's deputies advise any driver who's suspicious of a traffic stop to drive to a well-lit or populated area, call 911 to report the incident, and request identification of any person claiming to be an officer.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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|23.11.2012 - Is 2013 the year when everybody moves out of London?
|James Mackenzie, head of Strutt & Parkers Country Department, said: There is a general murmur in the market place that there may never be a better time to move to the country in terms of value for money, and I believe next year we will see even more families flocking to the countryside, especially in commuter belt areas. A second prediction is for a continued decline of interest in refurbishment projects coupled with increasing concern about homes eco-friendly elements. Environmentally friendly, modern homes that require no work are replacing the Old Rectory as the new dream home as peoples priorities change, said Mackenzie...............................................Full Article: Source


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...I will sorely miss the great content Paizo produces.
The great content will still be there for you. You could change the stats to suit your purposes. The great content is not going anywhere.Also, they have not said they are not doing any 4e books/adventures. They don't even have the rules yet...
|David Jackson 60
This is the BEST birthday present ever! Thanks Paizo
Heh. My thoughts exactly :-) Now I will remember my 38th birthday as "The day Paizo decided to do the Pathfinder RPG. :-)
And it is not even two days old and already 700+ posts on it. I´d say there will be enough feedback on the rules shortly...
|Michael F
|Vic Wertz Chief Technical Officer
I am so glad with this announcement. I have been on the fence as well about converting to 4th edition. However, I now have a choice. Am I missing something or are there no monks, rangers and sorcerer's in the Pathfinder RPG.
Thanks and I am very excited!
The other classes will be added in subsequent alpha releases.
Dear Ms. Lisa Stevens, Mr. Erik Mona, Mr. Jason Bulmahn, and everybody else working on the new pathfinder RPG,
First off, I want all of you to know that i'm VERY excited about you guys releasing a 3.5 product at this particular point in time. i'm not planning to play 4E for a while, as I just started a new 3.5 campaign last month.
I've downloaded and read through the alpha version of your pathfinder RPG, and will give you my take on it, but first, I want to discuss what i've read online about initial reactions to your upcoming game.
1. various people at various forums have pointed out that the pathfinder RPG may be marketed to be one of the following:
a. an 'in print' version of 'core 3.5' rules,
b. a 'variant player's handbook'.
regardless of which one pathfinder RPG is marketed as, it may not appeal as much to customers of the other group. there's a possible solution, though: MAKE PATHFINDER RPG DO BOTH. allow me to explain...
you know how there are various options listed for character advancement on page 9 and starting hit points on page 11? I say make more options like that, but keep the 'core game' as close as possible to 'regular 3.5'. In this manner, pathfinder RPG will function as a replacement for 3.5 AND a variation of 3.5, simultaneously, in one 'core book'. later books could have not only new equipment, spells, and feats, but also new OPTIONAL RULES. It is my opinion that this will give the pathfinder RPG the absolute broadest appeal to customers of BOTH groups.
this approach is similar to 'grim tales' put out by badaxe games, and their book has received VERY good reviews [it's also hard to find].
now, what do I like about the alpha version?
1. racial abilities and favored classes redone
2. three speeds to advancement, no more skill points, additional skills and feats gained at later levels
3. cleric domain powers, at will orisons, turn undead that damages bad guys and heals good guys
4. various options for hit points
5. fighter armor and weapon training, weapon groups
6. better HD for the rogue, rogue talents, sneak attack works on more monsters
7. better HD for the wizard, wizard schools, at will cantrips
8. SOME skills being rolled together.
WHY do I like them?
1. these options tend to simplify various aspects of the game; together, they help a great deal.
2. these options tend to increase character options, so PC's are more diverse
3. these options tend to increase character durability/survivability
now, what do I NOT like about the alpha version?
1. barbarians get more trained skills than clerics, fighters, paladins, sorcerors, and wizards
WHY I don't like it; barbarians, fighters, and paladins seem fairly closely balanced to one another combat wise; why give one class more trained skills than the other two? why not give them 3 trained skills each?
2. cross class trained skills
WHY I don't like it; it's an additional thing to keep track of, and thus not a simplification, but a complication
lastly, these are some suggestions that I have that I think may make your pathfinder RPG more versatile and appealing to a broader audience. most of these [the ones that say "SUGGESTION; optional rule - "]are additional optional rules, similar to your 'three rates of advancement' and 'hit points', i.e., the DM running the campaign chooses which ones to use. this is in keeping with the philosophy of 'pathfinder RPG is 3.5 core AND variant rules in one book'.
1. SUGGESTION; remove the category 'cross class trained skills'; let skills picked at later levels be trained class skills instead of trained cross class skills.
a. less bookeeping; ALL skills either trained or not.
b. characters slightly more powerful
c. easy to plug in to 3.5 material
d. easy to generate NPC's or high level PC's
2. SUGGESTION; optional rule - allow more 'trained skills' at first level, perhaps 1, 2, or 3 more; let this/these skills be anything the player wants, NOT just a skill listed for that class, let it be treated as a class skill in every way; optionally, reduce amount of new skills gained at later levels, perhaps a new skill every three levels? every four levels?
a. slightly more front loaded
b. low level characters more versatile.
c. characters slightly more powerful
d. easy to plug in to 3.5 material
3. SUGGESTION; optional rule - damage and AC increases, similar to HD and BAB, i.e., good/fair/poor increases? fighter gets best AC and damage increases? Also, at character creation, player chooses what KIND of damage, i.e., melee, ranged, magic, or 'special attacks'...only choose one.
a. less reliance on magic items
b. characters more powerful
c. easy to generate NPC's or high level PC's
d. easy to plug in to 3.5 material
4. SUGGESTION; optional rule - multiple 'elite arrays'; three for 25 point buy, three for 28 point buy, three for 32 point buy.
a. different 'power levels' for different games
b. no dice rolls needed to generate stats
c. easy to generate NPC's or high level PC's
d. great for tournaments
e. easy to plug in to 3.5 material
5. SUGGESTION; roll a few more skills together; include list that shows what '3.5 skills' were rolled into pathfinder rpg skills.
climb, swim, survival, heal into survival plus?
diplomacy into linguistics?
disguise into deception or stealth?
disable device into theft?
escape artist into acrobatics?
handle animal, diplomacy, intimidate, ride into [new social skill]?
a. fewer skills
b. easy to generate NPC's or high level PC's
c. easy to plug in to 3.5 material [with old vs new skill list]
d. characters slightly more powerful
6. SUGGESTION; optional rule - the heal skill allows pc's to recover from light damage. requires herbs, bandages, magic?
Number of times heal skill can be used per day = .6 x HD + skill rank ?
HP healed = level + .6 x HD?
a. less '5 minute adventure day'
b. combat less deadly
c. characters more powerful
d. less reliance on magic items
e. less reliance on cleric
7. SUGGESTION; [and optional rule to the suggestion] add the following feat 'skill focus: x; all checks made with this skill are at +3 [optional rule - +4 or +5]', and remove all '+2/+2' feats.
a. reduces feat count
b. easy to generate NPC's or high level PC's
8. SUGGESTION; optional rule - increase rate of attribute increases to +1/every other level or +1/every three levels.
a. less reliance on magic items
b. characters more powerful
c. easy to generate NPC's or high level NPC's
d. easy to plug in to 3.5 material.
9. SUGGESTION; optional rule - characters receive 70% of their hit die instead of rolling, rounded up. for example, fighters receive 7hp +con bonus every level.
a. goes good with elite array stat generation
b. better than rolling a one for hit points.
c. easy to generate NPC's or high level PC's
d. easy to plug in to 3.5 material
e. characters slightly more powerful
|Christopher Carrig
|1 person marked this as a favorite.
I was very nearly on the 4e bandwagon because I've heard positive things... but not enough to commit. The veil of secrecy made it a little hard to get excited about it, but I liked the promise of a faster system with better abilities for the races, more daily powers for the classes, simplified combat... I just hadn't seen anything really substantive.
When I saw the discussions and the customer feedback urging Paizo to do their own thing and ignore 4e, I was horrified that Paizo might be swayed to actually abandon the WotC flagship and mire themselves in an outdated form of the game. I saw the announcement that Paizo was going to do just that and my heart sank. I love Paizo, and I didn't think it was a sound business move, even if it seemed like Wizards' secrecy was a ploy to squeeze Paizo out of the market or at a minimum, hamper them and be the big fish with all the material for a while.
Just yesterday, I had a discussion with a very conservative gamer friend who is virulently against 4e and thought the Pathfinder RPG announcement was a great move that would be assured success. I debated him and played the cautious, worried fan.
Today, I read the Alpha ruleset. I was wrong. I have never been so happy to be wrong. I actually called him minutes after I read the Pathfinder rules and told him we're converting this weekend. I understand why he was so optimistic about Paizo taking the middle ground now, even though I have no idea how he knew before ever looking at the rules that Paizo could overcome the cosmic pull of 4e with a revamp of 3.5.
Everything I heard about 4e and liked but didn't get to see for myself is here in some form. It's here and I can actually look at it, get excited about it, and start trying it out. Maybe some of it will need an overhaul yet, but you made all of us a part of that overhaul and you're actually showing us the rules instead of hiding them and saying that they're awesome. Dungeons and Dragons is just a game to Wizards of the Coast, like Magic, or Star Wars, or any of their other products. They're using sound business strategy to protect and market their product. I thought for sure that trying to beat them at business couldn't work.
If you keep improving these rules, fine tuning them so that they keep games fun and interesting, speed up the slow parts and keep all the old books within reach of easy conversion, you could make Pathfinder into what Dungeons and Dragons no longer is--more than a game. And THAT is a business venture that I see succeeding.
Maybe I'll play 4e when I want to play something quick and without much depth. It won't be in my heart like the game that came out of Dungeon and Dragon magazine and became my first homebrew setting. It won't be something I look forward to reading like the next GameMastery adventure or Pathfinder volume. I play and DM this game because it's a storytelling game. I am deeply moved that Paizo went against naysayers like me and delivered the toolbox that will let me do what I love with this game.
So, from this cautious naysayer, I'm going to my favorite gaming store tomorrow to preorder two copies of your rules. One for me, one to donate to the store so they can show off Pathfinder RPG at no extra cost to them. Wizards will seduce them with free stuff, so I will to, on your behalf.
Congratulations. Now when's the next alpha update? <g>
Dear Ms. Lisa Stevens, Mr. Erik Mona, Mr. Jason Bulmahn, and everybody else working on the new pathfinder RPG
|Erik Mona Publisher, Chief Creative Officer
|Corian of Lurkshire
|Javier Duce
|Lincoln Player
|Vic Wertz Chief Technical Officer
JL wrote:Dear Ms. Lisa Stevens, Mr. Erik Mona, Mr. Jason Bulmahn, and everybody else working on the new pathfinder RPGPlaytest feedback area.
What Kruelaid is saying in his own special way is that folks should be directing their rules-oriented feedback to the proper forum, where it will be seen by Jason.
Thank you Paizo for the Pathfinder
After having to make a stop to my gamemastering and gaming for the last several years I saw a new chance to begin with roleplaying using the coming 4E with the Living FR campaign.
But the development (and also the marketing) of 4E let me be questioning if 4E is really for me.
Now with PFRPG I found my real "home" for my new gaming life:
- A new RPG which gets in the coming months and years new material in contrast to 3.5E
- An _open_ RPG where the fans can make valuable inputs even in the design phase
(This _open_ is very important for me as I have the opinion that only open RPGs can make it into the future because after gaming for many years the most players and GMs have build their own way of gaming and only open RPGs fully support this by giving them the chance to "publish"
their own material)
- A new RPG with a very good setting
- And now I read that even a Living campaign is coming. This gets better and better every day.
(Even if it is not listed right of my account name I am a buyer of Pathfinder and Gamemastery - I get them from my local gaming shop. I went and bought the first two modules of RotR after downloading the PFRPG).
I'm happy .. though I don't play 3.5 currently,the Pathfinder RPG may be the thing to get me back into the 3.5 fold as a player again.The GM of my Monday night game already buys the Pathfinder stuff to mine for our Rolemaster game.I'm hoping a deal can be worked out for a conversion/companion for Castle & Crusades.Looks like I'll be saving up $50 for a new book for next year..it gives me at least a year .I hope some of the issues I had with 3.5 will be addressed in Pathfinder RPG (mainly combat issues).
Lucifer Draconus
This is truly a great thing.
Having digested the first alpha release I am, at first glance, suitably impressed but I must wait until seeing the changes in action before making any sort of final judgment.
The one that immediately struck me as genius is the CMB. I love it.
In any event, my group will be going through some one-offs with the GameMastery line to playtest these rules and once my Age of Worms campaign finishes I plan to run one of the Pathfinder adventure paths next using the Pathfinder RPG rules.
Paizo for life
Did I miss this?
When are the next Beta testing PDFs coming out? I want to try them out soon!
I am very excited about the PFRPG!
I wasn't going for 4E because I was very happy with 3.5. My thoughts (months ago) were that Wizards should have done a 4E compatible with 3.5(!). And this is what Paizo is doing! Wow.
Paizo got me back into 3.X stuff in a big way!
The quality is really amazing!
Please give us the dates for release 2 and 3 of the alpha version, as I would like to know how long before my jittery excitement will be subdued and sleeping patterns will return to normal.
i want to thank you for your dedication to the hobby, the renewed creativity in a hobby that got stale over the years. your company and goodman games help bring back some gamers who felt crowded out by all the " new best things". thank you and you will have my support for a LONG time !!!
Paizo wins "best scarface" of the year award! All you have in this world is your balls and your word, and this whole crew(even the ladies) proved they have a bigger set than anyone could ever imagine. I will volunteer to help my FLGS with any pathfinder events and my group of 6 will buy copies of the hardcover. This makes me sooo happy. As a huge fan of independent music and going against the grain, I say thanks for offering gamers a choice. Up the Paizons!!
Kruelaid wrote:What Kruelaid is saying in his own special way is that folks should be directing their rules-oriented feedback to the proper forum, where it will be seen by Jason.JL wrote:Dear Ms. Lisa Stevens, Mr. Erik Mona, Mr. Jason Bulmahn, and everybody else working on the new pathfinder RPGPlaytest feedback area.
Thank you, Kruelaid and Mr. Wertz. I posted my message in the alpha 1 feedback area.
I had a suggestion or two concerning product tie ins with the pathfinder RPG. I'm hoping this is the best forum for this; if not, please let me know, and i'll post it where suggested.
You know how wotc has the D&D minis game and the D&D basic game?
well, what if paizo got together with fantasy flight games and produced "pathfinder: the board game - deluxe edition" and "pathfinder: the board game - basic edition"?
I recently bought "Descent: journeys into the dark" and "world of warcraft: the board game" for the pieces they contained.
descent came with 60 plastic monsters and 20 plastic heroes, all unpainted, as well as 12 cardboard tiles which contained rooms, corridoors, and all sorts of tokens and markers, like treasure chests, doors, traps, etc...did I mention it's all 1" scale?
world of warcraft came with 120 monsters and 16 heroes, as well as a ton of cardboard tokens. the monsters are slightly larger scale than D&D monsters, but they are soooo close.
Like I said, I bought them to use when we play D&D; the fact that I can play a complete, stand alone game with either of them is a huge bonus.
let's look at 'pathfinder: the board game - deluxe edition' first. what if you took some pathfinder RPG quick start rules, 1 male and one female mini of each class in the RPG, 10 orcs, 10 goblins, 10 trolls, 10 skeletons, etc.... 10 each of the 'really common low level monsters from the SRD', say, 120 monsters in all, about 12 cardboard sheets that contained dungeon tiles, treasure chests, some wands, scrolls, chairs, tables, doors, traps, effect markers, etc... three sets of dice, a quick start DMG, and sold it for about 80.00? would it sell? is there a way to see how well descent and WoW: the boardgame are selling?
you could have 'monster packs' as well. one of the things that turned me off of D&D minis is 1. they're expensive, and 2. I don't know what i'm getting, and all I wanted were 'basic monsters', not 'brass samurai'. monster packs would be a product for people like me, who wanted 'common skeletons, zombies, and orcs'. not only that, but as long as they were the same scale, people who play 4E might buy these just because of the non random factor. unpainted might be a turn off for some, but pricing them lower than D&D minis might lead to more market penetration. hell, are the D&D mini rules closed content? could anybody make stat cards for pathfinder minis and thus have a pathfinder miniatures game as well?
third, you could have your own set of 'pathfinder tiles'. these 'expansion' tiles would each contain a specific tileset:dungeons, cities, inns, taverns, ships and boats, and various environments, like desert, swamp, the arctic, caverns, etc.
I realize that you already have the gamemastery flip mats, but these tiles are CUSTOMIZABLE, and some people like to build BIG dungeons/encounters, and would buy more than one set. these tiles would work with either version of the board game, 1" fantasy miniature games, and the pathfinder RPG.
fourth, you could have 'expansion packs' for the board game which would contain some new plastic minis, some new tiles, and some new scenarios. this would work with either board game, 1" fantasy miniature games, and the pathfinder RPG.
lastly, you could have 'pathfinder: the board game - basic edition'. this one would contain rules at least up to level three, maybe all the way up to level six. it would also only contain one set of dice, four, five, or six hero figures, and only three or four of each monster, say 25 total figures, heroes and monsters. it would also only contain one or two cardboard sheets with two or three different rooms and corridoors, a few common tokens, like doors and chests, nothing fancy, just everything someone needed to play a basic board game version of pathfinder.
wotc's first and third sets of dungeon tiles are already out of print; if another company could produce a better value product [more for the same price or less for cheaper] I think people would be all over them. by branding them 'pathfinder', having your own line of plastic minis, a 1" fantasy miniature game, and two board games, you could have the potential for a lot of 'related item' sales.
HOWEVER, i'm not a beancounter or anything, so paizo would probably be wise to consult people who know more about the cost of manufacture of this stuff versus what people are buying, and how much they're paying for it.
still, all this stuff would be 'edition proof', even the board games, so long as the rules were slimmed down.
maybe paizo could take a poll of their messageboards to see who'd be down for any of this?
since d20 modern is also going to be out of print, what about 'pathfinder: modern'? modern, future, 'pulp', apocalyptic, cyberpunk, etc...? i've heard good things about spycraft 2.0 [supposed to be VERY crunchy] and modern20 [supposed to be kinda like SWSE]. maybe pathfinder:modern could be the 'in between' with various supplemental books describing different times, worlds, and themes?
|Jason Bulmahn Lead Designer
Wow everybody,
Thanks for the words of support. I have not been in this thread for a day or two now as I have been roaming the feedback threads.
As for the next releases, they will be out as soon as I can finish them (which involves writing, showing them around to the staff, making changes, and getting them laid out). I will be honest, it is going to be a few weeks yet.
Jason Bulmahn
Lead Designer
|Loja Windcutter
|George Wagemann
Congrats Paizo! I'm so happy to hear that I can continue playing based on 3.5 without having to spend tons of $$ to upgrade to 4E.
I DL'ed and printed up my copy of the alpha rules yesterday and have been reading them. I'm psyched about the new skills system and the increased feats. I definitely want to try playing a rogue with the changes you've made to the class.
Question: Will there be any test mods made for those of us who are too lazy to convert old mods but still want to playtest?
For those who are hell bent on moving to 4E without giving Paizo's system a try, why be so shallow? Learn another system. It's free, what do you have to lose? There is no law in the RPG universe that says you can't know more than one system. The great thing is that both 4E and the Pathfinder system are offshoots of 3.5 so how hard could it be? It's not like they're asking you to play a d6 or d10 type system.
I just read about the planned Pathfinder RPG on RPGnet this morning, and I'm ecstatic. I've always loved the quality of Paizo products, and I've been playing 3e and 3.5e more and more often these days. I have no plans to pick up 4e - not only do the planned changes to the system (from what I've heard and read at Wizards' site) turn me off, but I simply don't have the disposable income to invest in yet another edition of the same game. I've been playing D&D since Moldvay Red Box Basic D&D, and I've kept up with every edition of the game since then, so I feel I've already given my "brand loyalty" dues.
Thus, I'm very, very happy to hear that you'll be continuing with "3.75e." While I don't think any RPG is really "dead" so long as there are people out there playing it, the Pathfinder RPG and its associated line sounds like it's going to provide a wonderful source of new material to keep the game alive. I'm looking forward to trying out the Alpha release, and I'll most likely purchase the hardcover edition when you come out with it.
Thank you for making this decision!
I am so glad you guys are doing this. Me and my gaming group gave a great big sigh of relief when I got your email about the future of gaming!
|David Lowery
First, thanks for staying with 3.5 and not converting to 4.0. There are numerous 3.5 edition books, etc. and I do not want my investment to go to waste.
Comments are based on the downloadable alpha rules with any revisions.
Upon first perusal, I though there were too many changes. Upon further reading, I still think there are too many changes, but to a lesser extent.
> XP required for Level Advancement
Please don't change the level advancement xp progression. The current progression is very easy to understand. The amount of xp to advance increases by 1,000 each level, the amount of xp to advance to the next leve equals your current level (x 1,000), and the total xp needed for a given level is the sum of 1 through current level.
For a faster or slower progression, the GM should increase/decrease the xp award by one-third. You don't need three tables, easier to adjust on the fly if the desires of the players change.
>0-Level spells
I do not think 0-level spells should be castable at-will. You already had to remove cure minor wounds. What about repair minor? I think I'll play a warforged and be fully healed every thine there is a spare 5-10 minutes. A cleric can create 2 gallons of water every six seconds so thirst is no longer a problem. Same for hunger as long as you are near a garbage dump or a stash of rotten food. You get the idea.
>Presentation comments
It would be beneficial if you indicated why you are making a particular change. The brief comments in the beginning were a good overview, but please add more detail for each category of change.
How do Pathfinder deities relate to other deities?
If you are going the change races and classes, you will also need to change monsters. Please give a few examples. (For example, on the subject of hit points, I would guess Ettins, Ogres, etc. would be like barbarians, other melee-oriented monsters would be like fighters, normal animals would be like rogues, and mind-flayers, grell, etc. would be like wizards.)
I like grouping spot, listen, etc under perception, but there should different sub-skills for each sense (like knowledge(...)).
For now, group all of the "improve skill" feats together. This would make it much easier to compare with existing feats, determine what feats are missing, etc.
Improved Trip grants a +2 bonus instead of a +4. Why? What happened to the melee-attack after successful trip? Knowing the reason for the change would be helpful in making similar adjustment elsewhere.
Combat feats only last one round Why? I simply invoke it at the beginning of every round, so it is, in effect, continuous. Am I missing something?
I apologize for any typos and any comments that may be unclear.
Thanks for letting players have a say.
|Dyrinian Blade
Just played our first session, and so far we love what we see.
I like the double max hp starter, allows small group of 2 to survive a little longer.
I am also pleased with the different xp advancement options. I have decided to use the slow column for our group. we like to milk as much roleplaying enjoyment as possible, and 3.5 always had our party moving way too fast for some reason...
Im looking forward to seeing the Bard, and curious how perform will work. maybe have bards gain a new catagory every 2-3 levels in perform.
I like the idea of being able to customize the bardic music as well.
But Im really a big fan of the 1st ed. bard, and I loved the fochlucan lyrist in 3.5. My hope is that this will not be invalidated. I like the connection bards had to druids, and use that assumption of a group in my own campaigns.
All in all, I love what I've seen so far! Cant wait to see more!
Thanks for giving us something other than 4ed!
|David Jackson 60
arbados wrote:The other classes will be added in subsequent alpha releases.
I am so glad with this announcement. I have been on the fence as well about converting to 4th edition. However, I now have a choice. Am I missing something or are there no monks, rangers and sorcerer's in the Pathfinder RPG.
Thanks and I am very excited!
Will you guys be putting out some new classes as well after the ball gets rolling a bit (I hate that phrase btw but it serves my purpose)?
I would love to hear some new ideas for classes.
I'm a french guy and for the first time, i'm going to lead a D&D campaign, thanks to Pathfinder Curse of the crimson throne). I've allready be a player in the D&D rolegame, and now I want to present et manage a campaign for the pleasure of my friends. But according to the fact that it's the fist time for me to be a Dungeon's master, do you have some advices to give to me, on the way to use the volume 7 of Pathfinder, on how to prepare a game session. If I've good read the book, all the PC have a level 1 at the begining, isn't it? All classes and alignements are OK. So all you can think that it would hemp me to do my job as good as possible to keep the pleasure to my players to participate to my campagn are wished! Thanks a lot,
|Rocannon II
I love the first effort and can hardly wait for the second alpha , which hopefully will have some of the other classes in it.
as for this one: the progression is KILLER!!! ( pardon the 90's reference) MORE feats for everyone and if recordkeeping bores you then D&D is the wrong game! because you have to keep a record of everything in game anyway . (treas. magic, money etc....)So keep up the good work and tell the naysayers that WOTC/Hasbro will keep bilking them for all they can get. This rant brought to you by a player who was vehemently opposed to 3.0 let alone 3.5 and now plays regularly.
|Know Remorse
Where do I find the updates? I downloaded the original PDF for alpha, but I cant seem to locate the latest 1.2 changes people keep talking about.
They're hidden in the exact same spot as before - just re-personalize your Pathfinder RPGs and download (you'll know you have the right one when you see the ~10meg DL)
Hi,I'm a french guy and for the first time, i'm going to lead a D&D campaign, thanks to Pathfinder Curse of the crimson throne). I've allready be a player in the D&D rolegame, and now I want to present et manage a campaign for the pleasure of my friends. But according to the fact that it's the fist time for me to be a Dungeon's master, do you have some advices to give to me, on the way to use the volume 7 of Pathfinder, on how to prepare a game session. If I've good read the book, all the PC have a level 1 at the begining, isn't it? All classes and alignements are OK. So all you can think that it would hemp me to do my job as good as possible to keep the pleasure to my players to participate to my campagn are wished! Thanks a lot,
Wow Michel, Hope you're still checking. It's been a while since you posted this.
I've not run this adventure yet but I can answer a couple of your questions:
The characters do start at level 1. All classes are allowed, though some may be tougher to play than others (barbarians for instance). Though the Paizo guys do an excellent job of putting something useful for most classes through out the adventure paths. What alignments you allow are up to you. The campaign may be tougher with evil alignments, but you can talk to your players. I try and discourage (unsuccessfully) players playing evil alignments.
Main advice: go over the adventure a few times before hand. Prepare by looking at the monster for the encounters and learning their tactics. Study the blocked read aloud text carefully. But most importantly HAVE FUN.
Here's a link to the DM's reference for the first two adventures.
Edge of Anarchy.
Seven Days to the Grave
Check the boards, folks are happy to help (even if they are slow). Hope you are still checking. Hope the game is a blast.
Aside from the Alpha rules, where can I go to find out about the pathfinder world (Golarion, right?). I've been an avid FR player for nearly twenty years, and the recent changes there have left me cold. I would like to look into other settings, and I like what little I've read of the Pathfinder rules, but I know absolutely nothing about the setting.
Is there any place a newb can go to see what it's all about? Just a basic synopsis of the theme, and maybe some details about the major races/nations is all I ask. I hate to just buy a product blindly...
Is there a 'primer' of some sort, or an official starting point?
Aside from the Alpha rules, where can I go to find out about the pathfinder world (Golarion, right?). I've been an avid FR player for nearly twenty years, and the recent changes there have left me cold. I would like to look into other settings, and I like what little I've read of the Pathfinder rules, but I know absolutely nothing about the setting.
Is there any place a newb can go to see what it's all about? Just a basic synopsis of the theme, and maybe some details about the major races/nations is all I ask. I hate to just buy a product blindly...
Is there a 'primer' of some sort, or an official starting point?
Looks like your question got answered here.
|Mauricio Quintana RPG Superstar 2008 Top 32
I have been looking for a place to "join the discussion" for days... can't really make up my mind as to where to start, so I'll just do it here. I apologize if my post derails the topic a bit.
I just want to start off my participation here by saying "thank you" to everyone at Paizo. I know, I know, everyone has already been voicing their enthusiasm here and there, but I just got wind of this thing you're doing here, and I want to say that, IMHO, it is probably the best thing that has happened to this hobby of ours for a long, long time.
Like other people here, I was not too excited about 4e. Heck, I wasn't thrilled at all to have to leave AD&D behind. I am an avid gamer, I have been so since I discovered the game at age 12. I write my own stuff for the games I run (and still hope to get published one day), and thus was understandably not-thrilled when WotC decided to tell people to "start from scratch" with 4e. My best friend and gaming buddy (who convinced me to switch to 3.5 just two years ago) is all over 4e and thinks that Pathfinder is "too little, too late", but I thoroughly disagree. I have the Alpha 3 document open in my computer since I got it, reading and re-reading the changes, additions, consolidations, and subtractions made to the game, and I can tell you that you've made me really love the 3.5 ruleset.
The classes were bonky and just plain weird, and I never felt comfortable playing with them... your changes make me feel that this is what they were always meant to be, and I really want to play them now. The same goes for skills, feats, and spells... the love and intention of Jason and all the people working in this amazing project shine through, and although I am houseruling and modifying ever as I go reading (and will share my insights and experiences gladly in these forums), I feel much more "at home" with these changes than I ever did with the original rules.
I am incorporating everything I can read through as of this weekend, when my current group next meets. I will probably even retroactively modify my players' characters to reflect the changes made to the fighter and rogue... (I am that excited)...
So, without further ado, please count me in and aboard this project of yours as a staunch supporter. Thank you, paizo, for making me really want to play in a published world for the first time since Dark Sun. I will probably be subscribing to the Pathfinder adventure path soon, just to have a place to play sorcerers and wizards "the way they should have always been". Thank you, congratulations, and keep up the good, amazing, groundbreaking, game-loving work!
Mauricio Quintana
I'm very interested in the Pathfinder RPG but I'm confused about the different products offered here.
Could someone summon up what the difference is between Pathfinder Chronicles, Pathfinder Adventure Path and Pathfinder Modules are?
Also, how it is that they can be 'subscriptions'?
I'm very interested in the Pathfinder RPG but I'm confused about the different products offered here.
Could someone summon up what the difference is between Pathfinder Chronicles, Pathfinder Adventure Path and Pathfinder Modules are?
Also, how it is that they can be 'subscriptions'?
sure some one can do it better but.*Pathfinder Chronicles= The setting and info on the world
*Pathfinder Adventure Path=A series of adventures that number 6 in all that take the pc's from 1stlevel to the end of a campaign normally around 15th to 20th level
*Pathfinder Modules=stand along adventures that are not tied to others in any way.
*subscriptions=You sign up to get them sent to you every month. that bill you the day it ships you do get a discount and most times a PDF for free.[not sure what subscriptions get the PDF]
|Pat o' the Ninth Power
magnusmalkus wrote:
I'm very interested in the Pathfinder RPG but I'm confused about the different products offered here.
Could someone summon up what the difference is between Pathfinder Chronicles, Pathfinder Adventure Path and Pathfinder Modules are?
Also, how it is that they can be 'subscriptions'?
sure some one can do it better but.*Pathfinder Chronicles= The setting and info on the world
*Pathfinder Adventure Path=A series of adventures that number 6 in all that take the pc's from 1stlevel to the end of a campaign normally around 15th to 20th level
*Pathfinder Modules=stand along adventures that are not tied to others in any way.
*subscriptions=You sign up to get them sent to you every month. that bill you the day it ships you do get a discount and most times a PDF for free.[not sure what subscriptions get the PDF]
You get the PDF with any of the three subscriptions. But actually, only the Adventure Path subscription comes with a discount (30%) -- the PDF (and convenience) is the incentive for the other subscriptions. There's also the Pathfinder Advantage for additional discounts for AP subscribers -- 15% off retail for most other products (including other subscriptions).
I'm very interested in the Pathfinder RPG but I'm confused about the different products offered here.
Could someone summon up what the difference is between Pathfinder Chronicles, Pathfinder Adventure Path and Pathfinder Modules are?
Also, how it is that they can be 'subscriptions'?
Hey magnusmalkus, I guess I'll take a shot at this one (and if I screw it up a Paizo official, or one of the Lords of the Board can correct me :)
The difference between the three products are as follows:
Pathfinder Chronicles: These are books that deal with the setting. They tend to be light on crunch and deal heavily with fluff. They may detail an area (like Guide to Darkmoon Vale) or creatures (like Classic Monsters Revisited)or a myriad of other things. This is what you want to pick up if you like writing your own adventures and want to give playing in Golarion (the Pathfinder setting) a try.
Pathfinder Adventure Path: These are full campaigns that take you from 1st to about 15th-16th level. There's six volumes to each campaign, which means if you want the whole thing you'll buy six books. Each one has a fairly lengthy adventure (and soon will have little side adventures too, if I understand correctly). In addition to that there's also articles detailing parts of the world that are relevant to the adventure. These might include info on deities, organizations, or specific areas that the adventure takes place in. Also include in each volume is 5 to 6 monsters of varying CR that either appear in the campaign, or just add flavor to it that you can throw in at any time. These are great if you don't have a lot of time to write your campaign, and tend to have some great plot lines as well as terrific NPC's and locales. (I've also found that the individuals aren't terribly difficult to convert if you do have time for some prep work).
Pathfinder Modules: These are individual modules. 32 pages, written for various levels. They take place in different regions of Golarion, but remain generic enough that you can use them in homebrew settings fairly easily. These are what you pick up to stick in your homebrew, or to throw in an ongoing campaign in which ever setting is your setting of choice. They are very well written adventures, and usually feature at least one monster, and sometimes new magic items, feats or spells.
The last thing, you missed Pathfinder Companions: These are for the players. They are going to be 32 pages, and detail specific things that the players may be interested in: Races, factions, cities et. If you get the Pathfinder Adventure Paths, then you might want to pick up about every third one of these as they are going to be the character guide for each new path.
As for subscriptions. Well think of it as a permanent pre-order for the next up coming products. As soon as it's available, they ship it to you and charge your credit card (or debit card). If you have the subscription for the Adventure Paths, then when they come available, they ship. It's just a nice convenient way to get stuff if you have the money. And some of the product lines offer a discount on the cover price if you get them as a subscription, as well as providing a PDF of each product.
One thing to note, the PFRPG is going to be the updated rules for 3.5 and will be used with the other Pathfinder products, but none of the lines are switching till the release of PFRPG in 2009. The rules will be their own thing, and not part of the any of the other product lines.
Now, I'm not an official Paizo employee, but I think (and hope) that I've covered things here alright.
Ive posted this elsewhere, but it bears mentioning again. As someone who has been with D&D from its inception back in the mid 70's. i have given my full support to each and every incarnation of my favorite hobby. Keeping folks from turning away when they complained about the constant change and grab for more of our hard earned cash...Ive bought every supplement, pretty much every module, and built up a well defined city of my own, that has been retransplanted again and again into each new setting....
Until now.
4e and the drastic changes left me feeling like I was losing an old friend. I had decided Id find a company that was going to continue to make 3.5 material and stay with them...until they stopped...then id make my own (which with my work schedule is very hard)
A friend said "Mike you should look into pathfinder, they are talking about keeping their products 3.5"
Imagine my surprise when another friend showed me a hint of what was going on here...
I downloaded the PDF...read a good portion of it and skimmed the rest on my day off, and lo and behold my friend is back.
I jumped off one bandwagon and ran and jumped on another.
Do not let the naysayers and those that say "Ill be leaving for 4e" sway you in the least...This is D&D....and will be my new home.
Thank you all for the bravery this took and the direction you are going.
Mike Riley
(on some sites...DM Dread)
Rebuilding a world, cities, and notable NPCs from 2nd to 3.0/3.5 was tough enough. Trying to move to 4th simply is not feasible for me, especially trying to keep the feel of my world 'alive'.
I am excited to have just started playing a lil campaign with the PFRPG rules. I'm not dead yet either! ;)


text:
Key Features
- Applications of NMR Spectroscopy to the Structure and Ionic Aggregates of Ionomers.
- Applications of NMR Techniques to Coal Science.
- An NMR study of strongly correlated superconductors.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an analytical tool used by chemists and physicists to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. In recent years, no other technique has grown to such importance as NMR spectroscopy. It is used in all branches of science where precise structural determination is required and where the nature of interactions and reactions in solution is being studied.
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Chemists, physicists, and materials scientists studying properties of solids and those using NMR spectroscopy.


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Update: Sounds like this is one rumor that will prove true: People magazine also has several "friends" of the couple confirming the pregnancy. Congratulations to them!
It sounds like congratulations are in order for one of our favorite famous moms: Reese Witherspoon!
Not only is their first wedding anniversary coming up this month, but the 36-year-old Walk the Line star and her husband Jim Toth are reportedly expecting their first child together! US magazine broke the story this morning, quoting a source close to the star as saying, "Reese is right around 12 weeks." The Oscar-winner is apparently "not planning to announce it."
According to another friend, the expectant parents are thrilled by the news: "The timing is right. She's so happy!"
Reese may be keeping mum for now, but there's been plenty of pregnancy speculation going around in recent weeks after she was spotted with what looks like the beginnings of a bump. The super stylish star has also taken to wearing a lot of loose-fitting frocks – a telltale sign? Here she is earlier this month, out with her son in Beverly Hills:
The very happy news doesn't come as a huge surprise, seeing as Reese admitted just last month that she hopes to add to her family, saying, "I would love that! I feel really good and I'm at a really good place in my life."
The baby on the way will be the third for Reese, who also has kids Ava, 12, and Deacon, 8, with her ex Ryan Phillippe.
Photos: INFPhoto.com, PR Photos


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London-based secondaries major Coller Capital has closed its sixth fund, Coller International Partners VI (CIP VI), on a higher than expected $5.5bn – half a billion dollars above its initial target.
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Toilet paper is one of those items in your household that you have to constantly replenish. Your options are limited in what else you can use to wipe your behind so it's pretty essential that you go out and purchase a few more rolls of toilet paper right away. With large families this can be a huge expense which is why we've dedicated this site to helping you find free toilet paper coupons online.
Toilet paper brands like Cottonelle, Charmin, Scott, Quilted Northern, Bounty, Angel Soft and others offer coupons consistently through print ads and local grocery store circulars. But what if you don't have time to scan the newspapers or drop by the store for the latest deals? That's where we come in. As the digital age solidifies itself into human culture printable coupons become more and more important, especially in 2015. We've done all the hard work for you and have dug up some of the best toilet paper coupon deals on the internet. By using these printable toilet paper coupons you can save time and money from the comfort of your home.
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From our experience people are always looking to save money on toilet paper. The great thing about online printable toilet paper coupons is that once you run out you can just print some more and start the savings all over again.
Our Toilet Paper Reviews
Cottonelle Coupons
Charmin Coupons
Scott Coupons
Angel Soft Coupons
Bounty Coupons
Quilted Northern Coupons
4 Steps to Saving with TP Coupons
- Know Where to Find Coupons – Here, of course! Sunday newspapers are probably the most popular followed by Wednesday. Always be on the lookout in your favorite magazines as well.
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- Stock Up – Stocking up on sale items is a very important part of getting the most savings at the grocery store. It gives you control of what you are paying instead of the store having control of your prices. And since toilet paper is a necessity (unless you're a bear), then this is one item you should always stock up on!


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Lesson Plan
Dinosaurs! Teaching Guide
Students explore dinosaur-related content study the characteristics of some dinosaurs, classify dinosaurs using a time line, craft questions to a dinosaur expert, and more.
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2, 3–5, 6–8
The subject of dinosaurs appeals to the natural curiosity of young students, as it blends together a mixture of fact and fantasy, much like the study of medieval castles or whales. This project is designed to offer students a rich environment of standards-based skills steeped in fun technology-based activities. Students explore dinosaur-related content as they find out about a recent dinosaur discovery, study the characteristics of some better-known dinosaurs, classify dinosaurs using a time line, craft questions to a dinosaur expert, and use prior knowledge to answer fun and interesting questions about dinosaurs. The project culminates with a writing activity, in which older students craft what they've learned about dinosaurs within a writing genre of their choice. As students work through the project, they will contribute cumulatively to a K-W-L chart and individual portfolios. Although this project is appropriate for grades K-8, certain activities are geared toward more specific grade ranges. See Lesson Planning Suggestions for tips on personalizing the content for your classroom's needs.
Students will:
- Develop goals for scientific inquiry
- Improve content-area reading skills, such as distinguishing between real and make-believe
- Develop a context for the study of dinosaurs
- Use technology to gain a basic understanding of dinosaur characteristics
- Understand how the study of dinosaurs informs scientific knowledge
- Use technology as a mode of inquiry to access information from experts
- Describe through writing accumulated knowledge of dinosaurs
- Improve content-area reading skills, such as reading for detail
- Dinosaur Times (Grades 3-8)
In this interactive timeline, students unearth the time of the dinosaurs. "Click and drag" technology allows students to organize dinosaurs into appropriate time periods. Information about the dinosaur will pop up and aid as a clue for appropriate placement.
Note: This game requires Flash technology. If you don't currently have the plug-in, download it for free.
- Ask a Dinosaur Expert (Grades K-8)
Meet paleontologist and marine archeologist Sue Hendrickson and read a transcript of her interview by students.
- Dinosaur Picture Book (Grades K-8)
Look at photos from The Dinosaurs of Waterhouse Hawkins, and read a transcript of our interview with illustrator Brian Selznick.
- Dinosaur Research Starter(Grades 5-8)
Start your research paper with our Dinosaur Research Starter. Grolier Online's encyclopedia articles allow students to get ideas for their topics and start reading articles right away.
- Dinosaur Write (All Grades)
Incorporating at least three facts into a piece of writing, in a genre other than nonfiction/research, students share what they have learned. They can also publish their work online, read other students' writings.
- Real or Make-Believe (Grades K-2)
Students test their knowledge of dinosaurs as they take a humorous, interactive quiz. Players improve reading and comprehension skills such as drawing conclusions, using picture clues, and distinguishing between real and make-believe.
- Dino Don's Dinosaur Quiz (Grades 3-5)
Students challenge themselves with "Dino" Don's Dinosaur Quiz. This interactive multiple-choice test provides answers to relevant questions about dinosaurs.
- Build-a-Dinosaur! (Grades K-2)
Students familiarize themselves with dinosaur anatomy by taking part in an interactive dinosaur-assembly game. Students learn dinosaur facts and create six different types of dinosaurs from their component parts: head, body, tail, and legs. They can also create an imaginary dinosaur of their own.
- Argentinosaurus (Grades K-5)
This interactive nonfiction photo story reveals a recent dinosaur discovery. A team of scientists uncovers a previously unknown dinosaur, one of the largest ones found to date. Students use simple technology skills to learn how scientists unearth, assemble, and display the skeleton.
All Grades
Build Background (1-2 days)
Discuss what students already know about dinosaurs and explore what they would like to learn further. Organize student input on a chalkboard, or have small groups record responses with poster paper. If this is done in small groups, the results should be discussed as a whole class. Post a K-W-L chart of student questions on the wall. Contribute to the poster throughout the life of the project.
Grades K-2
What Do You Know About Dinosaurs? (1-3 days)
Have students play a game of "Real or Make-believe." You may wish to fill out the K-W-L chart as you read and answer questions with students.
Once you've played the game, have students play again with a partner. Collect a classroom library of dinosaur books from the library or from the Scholastic Recommends book list. Suggest that students create their own "Real or Make-believe" scenarios using some of the books you have collected. Encourage students to write, draw, or record their scenarios. You may wish to take dictation with pre-writers. If you haven't done so already, have students add any relevant information to the K-W-L chart. Begin a dinosaur portfolio to use as a reference tool. Encourage students to contribute their work to the portfolio.
Grades 3-5
When Did Dinosaurs Live? (1-3 days)
In order to place dinosaurs in a historical context, discuss the concept of a time line. Ask: Why are they important? How can they help us learn? Then allow students to test what they know about dinosaurs by participating in the time line activity. Create a schedule for students to play the game individually.
Then, as a class (or individually), create your own dinosaur time line. As you continue through the project, add other dinosaurs in their appropriate time periods. Make the time line on large sheets of newsprint as a classroom mural! Ask students how a paper-drawn time line is different from the online version. Encourage students to add their time lines, if created individually, to their portfolios. If you create the time line as a class, have students list how the time line increased their knowledge about dinosaurs. Begin a dinosaur portfolio, and include the list or dinosaur time line.
All Grades
What Did Dinosaurs Look Like? (1-2 days)
Introduce the Build-a-Dinosaur activity. Explore the game with students until they become comfortable with the technology. Then allow students to create the six different dinosaurs.
Also, have students create an imaginary dinosaur by mixing the various parts! Advanced students may wish to design a habitat, name their dinosaur, and decide its size, scale, and eating habits in a descriptive paragraph. Encourage students to add any relevant information to the K-W-L chart and the dinosaur machine. Students may add their creations to their portfolio at the end of the project.
Note: The Flash plug-in is required to play the Build-a-Dinosaur game. If you don't have the free software, click here.
All Grades
How Do We Find Out About Dinosaurs? (1-2 days)
Review with students the K-W-L chart. Ask: What have you learned about dinosaurs that you didn't know previously? Ask students if they know where our information about dinosaurs comes from. Write responses on the chalkboard. Introduce the word paleontologist. Write it on the board, too. Inform students that this is the name of the person whose job it is to study and research about dinosaurs. Discuss what a paleontologist does and where one works.
Next introduce students to a dinosaur expert, Sue Hendrickson. Print out the page for older students to read independently. Read the story aloud with younger students.
After all students have read about Argentinosaurus, have them respond to the following questions:
- If dinosaurs lived so long ago, how do we find out about them today? K-5
- What fact made the discovery of Argentinosaurus so important? K-5
- Use sequence of events to tell how a dinosaur skeleton ends up in a museum? 3-5
- What was your favorite part of the story? K-2
- Was the story real or make-believe? How do you know? K-2
- Why is the study of paleontology important? What does it tell us? K-5
Ask an Expert
After reading through the story, students can work on questions for Ms. Hendrickson. They can look through the transcript of the live interview and see if their question was answered. Add questions to the K-W-L chart from day 1, as needed. Students can check back throughout the life of the project. Remind students also to add what they learned to the chart, as they read Sue's responses.
Grades 3-5
Write About It (3-4 days)
Tell students that they will use what they've learned about dinosaurs to create a piece of writing. Have students include at least three dinosaur facts. Remind them that their writing should be from a genre different from a nonfiction/research paper. Have students refer to the time line, Dinosaur Research Starter, Q & A with "Dino" Don, Argentinosaurus, and previously learned facts to create their writing. Allow time for independent research in the library, or use your classroom resource collection.
If students need help with the writing process, have them visit the Writing with writers' workshops for a step-by-step plan on writing in an appropriate genre. If students are writing a research paper, start their research with the Dinosaur Research Starter. When students are finished with their writing, allow them to publish their work online. Have students contribute a copy of their writings to their portfolio. Encourage them to add what they've learned to the K-W-L chart and dinosaur time line.
Project Wrap-up (1-2 days)
All Grades Schedule individual interviews to go over students' portfolios. Review the K-W-L chart with all students. Is there anything that they've left out? What information about dinosaurs did they find the most useful/interesting? Use the last few days to allow students time to finish any outstanding projects.
Grades 3-5 Challenge students to test their dinosaur knowledge with "Dino" Don's Dinosaur Quiz. You may wish to have students form teams and use the Quiz to create their own game show. Meet individually with students to share writing and review the writing rubric together.
Supporting All Learners
This project aids students in meeting national standards in several curriculum areas.
Reading/Language Arts
National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and the International Reading Association (IRA) include:
- Students read a wide range of print and non-print texts to build an understanding of themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment.
- Students adjust their use of spoken, written, and visual language (e.g., conventions, style, and vocabulary) to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes.
- Students use a variety of technological and information resources (e.g., libraries, databases, computer networks, video) to gather and synthesize information and to create and communicate knowledge.
- Students participate as knowledgeable, reflective, creative, and critical members of a variety of literacy communities.
- Students use spoken, written, and visual language to accomplish their own purposes (e.g., for learning, enjoyment, persuasion, and the exchange of information).
The Science Research Expedition helps students meet the standards of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Science.
Science as Inquiry (Content Standard A)
All students should develop:
- Understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge (Grades K-8)
- Understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry (Grades K-8)
- Understanding of the scientific enterprise (Grades K-8)
- Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry (Grades K-8)
Life Science (Content Standard C)
All students should develop understanding of:
- Organisms and environments (Grades K-4)
- Structure and function in living systems (Grades 5-8)
- Populations and ecosystems (Grades 5-8)
- Diversity and adaptations of organisms (Grades 5-8)
Science in Personal and Social Perspectives (Content Standard F)
All students should develop understanding of:
- Characteristics and changes in populations (Grades K-4)
- Changes in environments (Grades K-4)
- Science and technology in local challenges (Grades K-4)
Technology Foundation Standards for Students:
- use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity
- use technology tools to collaborate, publish, and interact with peers, experts, and other audiences
- use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources
Lesson Extensions
Grades 2-6
Challenge students to make a dinosaur diorama. Using an old shoe box and art materials, re-create a dinosaur time period.
Grades 2-5
Have students prepare a skit and imagine they are newscasters reporting on the discovery of their favorite dinosaur. Have them write a list of questions and interview a paleontologist about this dinosaur.
Grades 2-6
Have students create a postcard that has arrived from the Jurassic period. What does it say? Who or what wrote it?
Language Arts
Grades K-2
Invite students to write their favorite dinosaur a letter. What questions would you ask? What would you like to know? You may wish to dictate for pre-writers.
Grades K-5
Challenge students to use estimation and measurement skills. In the schoolyard or in the cafeteria, instruct them to measure out the length of their favorite dinosaur. Younger students may use counting bears and do the activity as a class or in pairs.
Grades 2-5
Challenge students to use place-value skills. How can they write 225 million, 55 million, etc?
Grades K-2
Have students use classification/grouping/sorting skills. Sort and graph the meat-eaters and plant-eaters. What else can they group?
Grades K-5
Create a word web and study the word extinction with the class. Ask: What does it mean? Why did it happen to the dinosaurs? What would/wouldn't they need to survive today?
Social Studies
Grades 2-6
Encourage students to research lands where dinosaurs once lived. Challenge them to find out where they have been discovered. What the territory is like today and what was it like back then?
Grades 2-6
Have students make their own time line from birth to the present.
Grades 2-6
Invite students to create a dinosaur dig. Help them to bury chicken bones, artifacts, etc. in sand and then dig them up and classify them. As an alternative, you may wish to make bones/fossils out of clay or paper mache.
Assess Students
Targeted skills are listed in Learning Objectives, and an Activity Assessment Rubric assesses student proficiency with the Dinosaur Write activity.
- Subjects:Content Area Reading, Research Skills, Dinosaurs, Paleontology and Fossils, Teaching with Technology
- Skills:Drawing Conclusions, Main Idea and Details, Nonfiction Texts, Research Skills, Writing
- Duration:18 Days


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Tel: (716)836-1191
Grades: K-8 | 384 students
St. Mark's Elementary School has been dedicated to nurturing young minds in the North Buffalo community for almost 90 years.
An integral part of the parish community and neighborhood, St. Mark's offers a challenging and balanced curriculum beginning with children in Kindergarten through grade 8.
High moral and academic standards coupled with self-discipline provide a safe and creative environment for learning in all grades.
We believe it is our responsibility to assist families in the education and growth of their children academically, spiritually, emotionally, socially, and physically.
Our approach to education is to empower each child to make responsible and appropriate decisions, perform to the best of his or her ability in all endeavors, and gain the confidence and knowledge for success in the next stage of his or her education.
Our philosophy has borne fruit in the form of excellent test scores, faith filled graduates, outstanding athletic teams and spectacular artistic performances.
We invite you to take a closer look at St. Mark School.
School Overview
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA)
|Religious Affiliation
|Roman Catholic
|Grades Offered
|Grades Kindergarten-8
Student Body
|Total Students
|384 students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 29%
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|27 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
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BuffaloGrades: PK-8 | 204 students
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903 Sweet Home Road
Buffalo, NY 14226
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2049 George Urban Blvd.
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BuffaloGrades: PK-12 | 254 students
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4625 Harlem Rd
Buffalo, NY 14226
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The first two of the following Lesson Plan Templates have been saved and presented as Word documents so that they can be typed on, saved and/or manipulated to suit your style and your district requirements. These are GREAT for beginning teachers!
Lesson Plan Template Idea #1 – For those teachers who like to plan their days and see things sequentially.
Lesson Plan Template Idea #2 – For those teachers who like to plan their days in sections.
Lesson Plan Template Idea #3 – Week at a Glance – Take to team planning meetings to get a better vision for your entire week. Print both pages. Hole punch the right side of the first page and the left side of the second page to show the whole week's plans for your binder. Print four copies at once to plan your month!
Lesson Plan Template Idea #3 (Word Document) – Week at a Glance – This is the same template as the one listed above but presented as a Word document. Each box contains a text box so that you can type your plans or change the document to fit your needs.


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Poverty, Race, and Public Health in the United States
Publication Year: 2001
Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press
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p. vii
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pp. ix-xi
Like most historians who compose such essays, I have been continually amazed at how cheerfully others have lent their time and effort to my research project. In the eight years that have seen this book to completion, I have accrued many debts, and it is a privilege to be able to acknowledge them here. Without the institutional support of Duke University, it is...
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pp. 1-7
"Has Malaria Disappeared?" one hopeful southern medical editor asked at midcentury. "Malaria Reduced to the Vanishing Point," proclaimed the U.S. Public Health Service in jubilant answer.¹ American malariologists had good reason for breaking open the champagne in 1950...
1 The Pestilence That Stalks in Darkness
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pp. 8-29
Malaria is an ancient disease, part of human experience from Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon times. It thrived on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and it was described frequently in the writings of ancient Near Eastern, Greek, and Roman physicians. Perhaps malaria was one of the horrors from which the psalmist sought relief, proclaiming: "You will not fear the...
2 The Mist Rises: Malaria in the Nineteenth Century
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pp. 30-48
As the nineteenth century opened, malignant mists were thought to cause malarial fevers; one hundred years later a complex chain of parasite and mosquito explained the disease. Over the course of the century, malaria afflicted the American frontier, helping produce the roughness and hardship that defined frontier life in contrast to more eastern civilization...
3 Race, Poverty,and Place
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pp. 49-68
At the turn of the twentieth century, malaria was in retreat everywhere in the United States except in the South. Analyzing this phenomenon requires leaving the dynamic, feverish communities of the nineteenth-century frontier for the sharecroppers' torpid life on the South's plantations. From 1900 to 1950, the southern economy changed slowly, maintaining a...
4 Making Malaria Control Profitable
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pp. 69-93
The first decades of the twentieth century were a time of great hope and excitement about the possibilites of public health. Diphtheria, the child-killing horror that strangled its victims, had been brought to heel by the curative power of antitoxin and, like typhoid, would soon yield to vaccination. In 1905 the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) slew the fearsome...
5 "A Ditch in Time Saves Quinine?"
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pp. 94-112
The Great Depression decade was a pivotal period in the history of American malaria. While the first half of the 1930s saw a massive surge in malaria cases, the disease had almost disappeared by 1940. These years offer fertile material for a historical analysis of the causes of malaria's progress and retreat. It was a time of major socioeconomic turmoil, and the decade saw...
6 Popular Perceptions of Health, Disease, and Malaria
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pp. 113-139
Perhaps the hardest task faced by the medical historian is to understand how the patient, and not just the physician, experiences health and disease. The physician's perspective is easily accessible, in printed articles in medical journals and newspapers, testimony before legislative bodies, and reports of physician-staffed governmental agencies, as well as in diaries,...
7 Denouement
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pp. 140-154
The 1940s were watershed years for malaria control. After decades of waxing and waning in the rural South, malaria suddenly disappeared. The major drop occurred from about 1938 to 1942, although a few indigenous cases would still be recorded in the late 1940s. Paradoxically, the period of steepest drop did not coincide with the period of greatest public spending...
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pp. 155-185
Note on Sources
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pp. 187-189
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pp. 191-196
Print-ISBN-13: 9780801866371
Print-ISBN-10: 0801866375
Page Count: 208
Illustrations: 9 halftones, 1 line drawing
Publication Year: 2001
OCLC Number: 51504383
MUSE Marc Record: Download for Malaria


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Home Theatre System
In today's economy it's crucial to get the most value for your money when shopping online. So there's no reason to overpay for Home Theatre System when there are lots of them for sale on eBay. Plus, eBay is one of the largest and most trusted online shopping sites in the world. This site is authorized by eBay to help you find the Home Theatre System you are looking for and show them to you. If you don't see what you're looking for below, use the search function on your right to find exactly what you need.
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UW President will push for raises
By Bob Beck • Sep 8, 2011
In his State of the University Address today/Thursday, University of Wyoming President Tom Buchanan sang the faculty's praises and expressed gratitude to private donors who support education and research.
Buchanan says faculty and staff have made U-W QUOTE "a great university." He says he intends to fight to make sure that continues.
"This is a budget year in Wyoming so I want you all to know that faculty and staff raises are our number one priority with the legislature this year."
Buchanan says U-W's decision to offer health care benefits to domestic partners have already helped in recruiting choice faculty members this year.


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/68935
|Download PDF (Published version) (Adobe Acrobat PDF, 511 KB)
- Title
- Axial birefringence induced focus splitting in lithium niobate
- Author(s)
- Zhou, Guangyong; Jesacher, Alexander; Booth, Martin; Wilson, Tony; Rodenas, Airan; Jaque, Daniel; Gu, Min
- Abstract
- We report on the experimental observation of "focus splitting" when light is tightly focused into a uniaxial lithium niobate crystal along its optical axis. This effect consists in the focal spot being split into two major sub-peaks along the axial direction. For the microfabrication applications such as three-dimensional photonic crystal fabrication and waveguide writing, this effect is highly undesired since it can lead to the generation of multiple distinct voxels in the vicinity of the focus. The splitting is caused by different birefringence induced aberrations for the ordinary and extraordinary polarization eigenmodes. We present numerical simulations which support our observations and suggest methods to avoid this effect.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences. Centre for Micro-Photonics
- Source
- Optics Express, Vol. 17, no. 20 (Sep 2009), pp. 17970-17975
- Publication year
- 2009
- FOR Code(s)
- 0205 Optical Physics
- Keyword(s)
- Focus splitting; Microfabrication; Photonic crystals; Lithium niobate crystals; Waveguides
- Publisher
- Optical Society of America
- 1094-4087
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2009 Optical Society of America. Published version of the paper reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. This paper was published in Optics Express and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.017970. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.
- Research Projects
- Full text
- Peer reviewed


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Wyatt52+ weeks old
Is Underwood Playground Safe? We just moved into an apartment in Belmont. Underwood Playground is very close to my house. Does anyone know if this is a safe and clean playground for kids?
Link to this answerGinny2+ weeks old
Yes, it's very safe, and has been since its founding very long ago. The park is one of the most historic in the nation, as its home to the first outdoor pool in the country! Check out a link here, which has a lot of interesting and useful info about the area:
Is Underwood Playground Safe?


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BEAVER – With the help of the community, Concord University officials filled a bus with school supplies for low-income students across southern West Virginia.
The month-long "Stuff the Bus" campaign ended Tuesday night. Student and Administrative Assistant Pam Wallace said every seat was filled with materials. Organizers have already started giving out supplies to schools in Raleigh County.
Wallace said the supplies will help public school students succeed in the classroom. "The greatest thing you can do is help your children, because when you help your children, you help your future," she said. "You help their future and you give them hope for themselves to let them know that they have that support system."
The supplies will be distributed to county schools across the area during the next few weeks.


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