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Brief Summary
The Phyllobates genus, commonly known as dart poison frogs, includes five species of anurans uniquely classified because of the batrachotoxin they possess: P. aurotaenia, P. bicolor, P. lugubris, P. terribilis, and P. vittatus. Around 3-5 million years ago, dart poison frogs crossed over the Panamanian bridge from Africa and then distributed into Central and South America (Widmer, Lötters, & Jungfer, 2000). They are well spaced through the forest on humid lowlands to prevent crowding, which results in male – male aggression (Grant et al., 2006). Adult males measure 45mm from snout to vent and females measure 47mm (Grant et al., 2006). In captivity, the frogs can live up to five years (Myers, Daly, & Malkin, 1978). Their long life span is due to their toxins warding off most predators, though their reproductive potential is low (Myers et al., 1978). After the females lay the eggs, the males fertilize them and carry the larvae on their backs to water, exhibiting male parental care (Summers, 2000). Females use coloration of the males as a visual cue for selecting mates because the brighter the colors, usually the more toxic the frog (Hagman & Forsman, 2003; Summers & Clough, 2001). The Phyllobates defense is batrachotoxin, a strong cardiotoxin (Alto, 2011). Recent experiments have concluded batrachotoxin is assembled from the alkaloids from frog's diet of arthropods and insects (Alto, 2011). The serous skin secretions of batrachotoxin have a bitter, peppery taste that discourages predators from feeding on the frogs and they quickly learn to associate the bright coloration of the frogs with their toxins (Alto, 2011). The frogs are lethal to humans because of the high amounts of toxins they possess and because there is no effective antidote (Myers et al., 1978). One of the few predators of the Phyllobates is the snake Leimadophis epinephelus, which has an unusually high tolerance for a variety of anuran skin secretions that contain toxins (Myers et al., 1978). The International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species lists P. vittatus and P. terribilis as endangered species because of the deforestation of the Costa Rican forests for agricultural land, the water pollution as a result of gold mining, illegal crops, pesticide spraying, the collection of the adult frogs for trade, and human settlement (Bolívar, 2004; Solís, 2004). P. bicolor and P. aurotaenia are near endangered levels because of habitat loss, but P. lugubris is the least threatened because it is more tolerant of changing habitat (Bolívar, 2004; Bolívar, 2004; Solís, 2004).
Alto, E. (2011). Effects of Dietary Specialization on Chemical Defense of Poison Dart Frogs. Eukaryon, 7, 84–86.
Bolívar W., T. Grant, S. Lötters, F. Castro. 2004. Phyllobates aurotaenia. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Bolívar W., S. Lötters. 2004. Phyllobates bicolor. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Bolívar W., S. Lötters. 2004. Phyllobates terribilis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Grant, T., Frost, D., Caldwell, J. P., Gagliardo, R., Haddad, C. F. B., Kok, P. J. R., Means, D. B., et al. (2006). Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, 311–363.
Hagman, M., & Forsman, A. (2003). Correlated Evolution of Conspicuous Coloration and Body Size in Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae). Evolution, 57(12), 2904–2910.
Myers, C. W., Daly, J. W., & Malkin, B. (1978). A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Emberá Indians of Western Colombia, with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 161, 311-363.
Solís F., R. Ibáñez, G. Chaves, J. Savage, C. Jaramillo, Q. Fuenmayor, B. Young, F. Bolaños. 2004. Phyllobates lugubris. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Solís F., R. Ibáñez, G. Chaves, J. Savage, C. Jaramillo, Q. Fuenmayor, B. Young, F. Bolaños. 2004. Phyllobates vittatus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Summers, K. (2000). Mating and Aggressive Behaviour in Dendrobatid Frogs from Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica: A Comparative Study. Behaviour, 137, 7– 24.
Summers, K., & Clough, M. E. (2001). The evolution of coloration and toxicity in the poison frog family (Dendrobatidae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(11), 6227–32.
Widmer, a, Lötters, S., & Jungfer, K. H. (2000). A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the neotropical dart-poison frog genus Phyllobates (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae). Die Naturwissenschaften, 87(12), 559–62.
Evolution and Systematics
Functional Adaptations
Functional adaptation
Glands in the skin of poison-dart frogs protect from predators via a secreted neurotoxin called batrachotoxin.
"Yet another type of skin gland is the poison gland which is prevalent among amphibians, including the common toad…The most lethal frogs are a few Phyllobates species: named batrachotoxin, their poison is 250 times stronger than strychnine, and acts on the nervous system." (Foy and Oxford Scientific Films 1982:80)
Learn more about this functional adaptation.
- Foy, Sally; Oxford Scientific Films. 1982. The Grand Design: Form and Colour in Animals. Lingfield, Surrey, U.K.: BLA Publishing Limited for J.M.Dent & Sons Ltd, Aldine House, London. 238 p.
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage
Specimen Records:18
Specimens with Sequences:21
Specimens with Barcodes:16
Species With Barcodes:5
Public Records:12
Public Species:5
Public BINs:7
Barcode data
Phyllobates sp. aff. aurotaenia
Phyllobates sp. aff. aurotaenia is a temporary name given to a species of poison dart frog, formerly known as the "red" form of Phyllobates aurotaenia. It is morphologically similar to P. aurotaenia, but genetically it is more closely related to P. terribilis.[1] It can be distinguished from P. aurotaenia by its uniform chocolate brown or navy blue body, and its orange or red, rather than green or yellow, stripes.
All Phyllobates species are highly toxic, and P. sp. aff. aurotaenia is no exception. Its skin contains batrachotoxins, extremely potent neurotoxic alkaloids. When in contact with the skin, batrachotoxins seep through open wounds and, in some cases, skin pores, and prevent nerves from transmitting impulses, leaving the muscles in an inactive state of contraction. This can lead to heart failure or fibrillation. Some native people use this poison to hunt by coating darts with the frogs' poison. Alkaloid batrachotoxins can be stored by frogs for years after the frog is deprived of the food-based source, and such toxins do not readily deteriorate, even when transferred to another surface. Chickens and dogs have died from contact with a paper towel on which the more toxic P. terribilis had walked.[2][3]
Phyllobates is a genus of poison dart frogs native to Central and South America, from Nicaragua to Colombia. Phyllobates contains the most poisonous species of frog, the golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis). They are typical of the poison dart frogs, in that all species are colourful, and have varying degrees of toxicity. Only species of Phyllobates are used by natives of South American tribes as sources of poison for their hunting darts. The most toxic of the many poisonous alkaloids these frogs emit from their skins is batrachotoxin, but a wide number of other toxic compounds are secreted by these frogs.
Phyllobates (Ancient Greek for "leaf climber") used to contain many of the species which are now within the Ranitomeya genus.[1] However, it now just contains those six members within the Phyllobates bicolor species group. These are:
P. lugubris species group
- Phyllobates aurotaenia (Boulenger, 1913)
- Phyllobates lugubris (Schmidt, 1857)
- Phyllobates vittatus (Cope, 1893)
P. bicolor species group
- Phyllobates bicolor (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
- Phyllobates sp. aff. aurotaenia [2]
- Phyllobates terribilis (Myers, Daly, and Malkin, 1978)
All these different species within the genus exhibit a diversity in color. Some examples are, P. terribilis, with color morphs of "mint", "yellow", and "orange". P. vittatus, another example, is always black as a ground color, but can show yellow stripes, orange stripes, red stripes,(stripes of all colors can be seen in two forms, narrow- and wide-banded) and turquoise, green, or blue legs, etc. The bicolor dart frog (Phyllobates bicolor) can range from yellow to orange, from black legs to green legs, to almost a uniform color of any of the aforementioned color morphs. P. aurotaenia specimens are yellow-banded or orange. They are always smaller than P. vittatus, and beyond locality, this is the best way to differentiate between the two in the field or in the hobby.
See also[edit]
|Wikispecies has information related to: Phyllobates
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phyllobates.
- ^ Stefan Nilsson (2004), The Frog Prince-Royalty or Hallucination? Poisons of the Amphibian Skin, Bioscience Explained
- ^ Google Translate
- "Amphibian Species of the World - Phyllobates Duméril and Bibron, 1841". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
- Cogger, H.G.; R.G. Zweifel, and D. Kirschner (2004). Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians Second Edition. Fog City Press. ISBN 1-877019-69-0.
|This poison dart frog article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.
To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!


text: I want to record through a video camera to a TiVo Premiere Series4. Is this possible. I am a coach and want to film athletes than have the ability to rewind and show them while remain to record. Is this possible on this TiVo model and if so how? Any guidance, help, etc. is greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time.

subset: commoncrawl


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Choking is never fun, particularly during bowl season.
Yet every year, we see college teams, players and coaches stroll into bowl season only to frantically look for a metaphorical Heimlich before their program falls to the turf, gasping for air.
The 2012 college football season has seen its fair share of ups and downs, and we're not done quite yet. With bowl season just around the corner, you can bet we'll see more upsets, egg-laying and epic choke jobs before all is said and done.
So which players, coaches and teams are most likely to choke this bowl season?
Funny you should ask...


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Learn about inbreeding and how it can hurt a population's genetic diversity. By Ross Firestone. Created by Ross Firestone.
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Edwin James Hipkiss papers, 1928-1964
Hipkiss, Edwin James, b. 1885 d. 1955
Collection size: 40 items (on partial microfilm reel).
Collection Summary: Biographical and career material; 14 letters to and from Hipkiss, Harold Edgell and G. E. P. How, regarding acquisition of works for the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; clippings; photographs of Hipkiss and works acquired by him; articles and lectures.
Biographical/Historical Note: Curator of the Department of Decorative Arts, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, from 1919-1954.
The donor is the widow of the artist.
How to Use this Collection
- Microfilm roll 640 available at Archives of American Art offices and through interlibrary loan.
- Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C., Research Center. Microfilmed materials must be consulted on microfilm. Contact Reference Services for more information.
- For more information on using the Archives' resources, see the FAQ or Ask Us.


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Skip to comments.Amy's Place ... Poetry and Potpourri ... May, 2012
Posted on 04/30/2012 10:02:37 PM PDT by JustAmy
The windmill brought an important factor to a farmer. IE. First water ... before, it took the horse, a big barrel, and the a sled to obtain water from the well that was 1/4 mile away and get it to the house. Second it powered the battery for the RADIO! Making it possible to get news from the outside world. Local and beyond. Times they were changing, WAR, Depression, dust bowl. All difficult to survive.. Adjusting to circumstances is a life long daily routine. Still is, only we have different challenges. God wants us to know Him, have a good life, and to bless others. Daily adjustments are part of doing this.
When I think of how hard their days were... it causes me to feel lazy by contrast. They did whatever it took in so far as they could.
OMG! The Chicken Dance!
I used to have to play that at weddings, along with the Macarena, and the Hokie Pokie!
Thank you for being here every morning, Rus. You are appreciated.
Have a Happy Monday.
3 out of 4 ain't bad...I will let you guess WHICH one i won't celebrate (buck buck buck) LOL!!!!!
Thanks, Geo. Isn't that a wonderful picture.
The coloring is perfect!
Wishing you a happy Dance Like a Chicken Day.
Now .... let me guess! Hmmmm.
I'm know you will celebrate Stars and Stripes Forever Day and also Motorcycle Riders Day.
I think you will celebrate Crazy Day with Patsy Cline so I'm guessing you won't join us in Dancing like a Chicken. LOL
Have a really fun Monday.
Ha Ha Ha! Thank You! :-)
Darn...You're GOOD! LOL!
WOW!!! All those birds in the tree and I thought birds came from eggs. ;^) Guess they came from blossoms. ;^)
:~ )
Thanks, Meg.
Happy Stars and Stripes Forever Day!
Ahhh .... such sweet and cuddly chicks. Thanks, Kitty.
Hope your day was wonderful.
Hugs backatya.
Hey DD, good to see you. Who woulda guessed that you could just go to an orchard and pick a couple. :)
Hope you enjoyed Dance Like a Chicken Monday.
I have a group of ladies I'm friends with and they call us the Hen House. I thought of that the minute I saw your picture, lol. The Chicken Dance is a lot of fun!
Good evening, Potlatch.
I enjoyed posting that graphic and celebrating Dance Like a Chicken Day.
This was a fun day.
(((((HUGS)))))) Potlatch! I haven't been online hardly at all - but saw your Mother's Day message. Thank you, my FRiend! Hope you are doing well, and had a happy Mother's Day!
Love that sweet Mother's Day card, Potlatch. Thank you.
I posted mine late ... lots happening last weekend.
Love that sweet Mother's Day card, Potlatch. Thank you.
I posted mine late ... lots happening last weekend.
Goodnight, and God Bless.
Happy Tuesday, tomorrow brings my surgery, YEAH, have been chaffing at the bit all week, worrying over repeat fungal infection, and cabin fever. Not use to being confined to house or couch for most of the day. With nothing to do but hard attempts to rehab hand with crochet. Some one is getting prayer shawls this Christmas and I'm using up a back log of yarn. They may not be perfect but they will be warm and made with love.
This one was to cute to pass up, know some one will want to reuse it.
Having two healthy eyes is not enough to see clearly. I know this from experience. After a series of eye surgeries for a torn retina, both eyes could see well but they refused to cooperate with each other. One eye saw things far away and the other saw things close up. But instead of working together, they fought for supremacy. Until I could get new prescription glasses 3 months later, my eyes remained unfocused.
Something similar happens in our view of God. Some people focus better on God when they see Him as close upwhen they think of Him as intimately present in their daily life. Other Christians see God more clearly as far away or far beyond anything we can imagine, ruling the universe in power and majesty.
While people disagree about which view is best, the Bible works like a prescription lens helping us to see that both are correct. King David presents both views in Psalm 145: The Lord is near to all who call upon Him (v.18) and Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised; and His greatness is unsearchable (v.3).
Thankfully, our Father in heaven is near to hear our prayers yet so far above us in power that He can meet every need.
Read: Psalm 145
Hope and pray that all goes well with your surgery tomorrow.
Great message today Rus.
Thank You once again
Thanks every one for their prayers and good wishes. I will be down for at least a week, so might not be on much. I remember all to well the 2 C-sections and Hist after surgery moments, and you don't feel like moving much.
I think it will go well, she is a very well respected surgeon, bothers to read your records, and side effects records, which most don't any more.
She is going under the large thin wide stretch mark that is pocketed and the cause of 95% of the infections and remove it. The Hist scar goes 1 inch below that, so don't know if she will go that low. Hope so. I measured the bulge. 13" across, 6" deep...that is a LOT OF FAT to remove. Scale said 119 this morning. Will see how much I weigh after she takes this huge bulge of fat off. And will trim a little off the hips to make them look natural, not very much as I don't have much left to take off. LOL
What goes on in the garden when you aren't looking (Click here)
Just beautiful! I have seen a similar miraculous scene of Monarch butterflies overwintering in a Goleta, CA eucalyptus grove.
Good Morning, Amy..I'll think of something! LOL
Wonderful, Rus. Thank you for sharing the ODB lessons with us every morning.
Have a Terrific Tuesday.
Will be thinking of you and praying for you tomorrow, Gail.
Thank you Amy..That graphic is precious.
I'm making a list.
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Café de Paris – Soi Yensabai – Sunee Plaza
UPDATE 11/04/13 Now closed
Nice French Restaurant in the small soi leading from Soi VC to Yensabai condo. There is a good choice in the set menu at a reasonable price, and some great a la carte dishes too. The food is typically French – portions not too large, but after 4 courses, you're full! The standard set menu is 275B for 4 courses.


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103 posts tagged with nose.
Displaying 1 through 50 of 103. Subscribe:
What is going on with the skin on my nose?
I am a 37yo man and have good skin. I don't have acne or spots. For some reason my nose is different. It always seems shiny and the pores are visible. It is almost like my nose doesn't match the rest of the skin on my face. It is like this not matter what. If I wash it well with soap and water or just water and try to not fuss with it too much. Any idea how I can remedy this? Thank you in advance
You can pick your nose, and you can pick your cat, but can your cat...?
Why does my cat lick my nostrils in the middle of the night? [more inside]
How did you cope with pregnancy rhinitis?
I'm 7 months pregnant and have suffered from a chronically stuffy nose since the first test came back positive. I cannot breathe like a normal person without liberal squirts of Sinex, but obviously I'd like other solutions. Help! [more inside]
What are some expressions in French for nose picking?
Asking for banter purposes.
I want my nose to stop running
My nose runs all the time, despite not having a cold. I don't think I am allergic to anything - I don't have the itching or sneezing that goes with allergies, and being around animals or flowers doesn't make it worse. I don't have any sinus issues. Also it's a year-round affair, though worse in winter. I'm tired of it! Can anyone offer any advice? [more inside]
Those pesky hairs
Need recommendations for a battery-operated ear and nose hair trimmer whose noise level doesn't cause me to become hard of hearing! [more inside]
Red bumps on the roof of my mouth?
I noticed red bumps on the roof of my mouth and one on each side of my throat I took a video of it here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arPZ5kERdVQ what is the cause of it?
Boric acid use by doctors
I went to the ear nose and throat doctor today for a ear problem and he "puffed" boric acid powder into my ears that was in a clear glass bottle with a metal horizontal straw that puffed the white powder. Is this usually pure boric acid powder or do they dilute it with cornstarch or baby powder or something. It seems like it would be too strong to use the pure stuff but what do I know.
I'd like to give that doc a good thrushing.
I went to the doc because I thought I might have oral thrush. His diagnosis was so far in a different direction that I'm kind of baffled. Hope me? [more inside]
So when you enter a recently occupied bathroom, you really have to just put up with smelling the poop? Sucks to be you.
Can you turn your sense of smell on and off at will? [more inside]
What should I do about my perforated septum?
What should I do or know about my perforated septum? [more inside]
Dogs have wet noses. Last I checked, I am not a dog.
I sweat a lot...on my nose. It is awkward. Is there any way to mitigate this? [more inside]
Mutaba. It rolls right off the tongue, doesn't it? Mutaba.
In a cloud of microscopic horrors, should I breathe through my nose or my mouth? [more inside]
Cat's nose knows no bounds!
Kitty with a nose injury. Is it "fixable"? [more inside]
It's on the tip of my
Wrigley's gum, and only Wrigley's gum, makes my nose itch. Why? [more inside]
Help me be less ugly
I'm 25. I recently noticed that I'm starting to get ugly little red veins on my nose.... [more inside]
Why is the tip of my nose twitching and what is a remedy?
Why is the tip of my nose twitching and what is a remedy? [more inside]
Plastic glasses frames w/nose pads - not prodesign?
Does anyone know of manufacturers who makes plastic / acetate glasses frames with nose pads besides prodesign? [more inside]
When this guy sneezes, he looks like a party favor.
Nose hairs, I have em. Help a brother out with some trimming advice. [more inside]
Tobacco in my nose?!?!
What is it like to use snuff tobacco? [more inside]
Help me heal my nose
What do I do to moisturize my nose? [more inside]
Any tips on getting a four-year-old to blow his nose
How do you get a 4 year old to blow their nose [more inside]
What's this rash on my nose?
What's this thing on the bridge of my nose and? Some sort of rash? A fungal infection? How do I get rid of it? [more inside]
Why does it look like a murder scene when I blow my nose?
Why does it look like a murder scene when I blow my nose? [more inside]
So, my 4year old can;t blow her nose. Any amount of explaining how to blow your nose does not seem to help her, though TBH I am not sure I am doing a good job as is it's difficult to describe it more than "just blow out through your nose". Is this something that can be taught? When do people usually figure it out?
Sorry for the grossness
I was sick last night and I have a gross question about my vomit. [more inside]
I need help with my boogers.
I need help with my boogers, please. [more inside]
Take me on a smelling spree.
Through surgery, I regained my full sense of smell today. I haven't smelled clearly since 2006. I live in Washington, DC. It's brisk Fall. Feeling 100%. What should I go smell this week?
WTF, nose?
YANMD. What's up with this runny nose in the mornings? [more inside]
Where can I find the most comfortable nose pads for my glasses?
Where can I find the most comfortable nose pads for my glasses? [more inside]
Chronical clogged nose is preventing a good sleep at night. Any advice?
Chronical clogged nose is preventing proper breathing at night. Any advice? [more inside]
Nose job for a big nose?
Does a nose piercing emphasize or distract from a large nose? [more inside]
These animals are giving me wrinkles!
Do small facial cuts on dogs relatively bleed a lot, similar to humans? [more inside]
I am not an animal!
What am I supposed to do about my peeling nose? [more inside]
Why does my nose run when I perform oral sex on a man?
Why does my nose run when I perform oral sex on a man? (NSFW details inside) [more inside]
glasses for big nose
Where can I buy glasses that complement a large nose? Preferably something similar in style to this. Los Angeles area or online.
Stuffy nose woes
Hit me with your best stuffy-nose remedies. [more inside]
Blood & Bathing
Why are my nose and mouth bleeding (gross!) whenever I take a shower? [more inside]
In one honker, out the other... or what's supposed to happen.
Nasal solution goes in and out the same nostril. How do I make it go in one and out the other instead? [more inside]
Rhinoplasty questions
If my nose gets broken, can I get it fixed to look the way it did before? [more inside]
Professional smell tester - am I part dog?
Could I be a professional smell tester with my dog like nose? [more inside]
The Joy of Nasal Rinsing
What do you put in your Neti Pot? [more inside]
Sniff. Blow nose. Ouch!
Why does my nose hurt after a cold? I'm starting to get over a cold from hell - lots of nasal congestion (went through two boxes of Kleenex). I'm finally on my feet, but the right side of my nose - starting about where the cartilage/bone starts - is really sore. Any pressure on that side of my nose causes a throbbing pain. [more inside]
How long for a deviated septum to heal?
How long before I should be concerned about the results of my septoplasty? [more inside]
How long before travel after major surgery?
How soon to travel after major surgery? [more inside]
I need to be able to blow my nose. Very loudly. [more inside]
Otoliths R Us?
Can anyone help me find a source for otoliths, or the tiny stones found in the inner ear? Preferably mammalian, ideally primate or even human (I imagine that last one may be ethically way to far, no offense intended). [more inside]
Blow nose, drink water - experience great tooth pain
My wife has a funny combo, if she blows her nose, then drinks cold water she gets major pain in one of her teeth (upper row, mid way back) She also gets a similar pain when descending in an airplane - doesn't happen every time but enough times to be nervous on descent. She describes the pain as though someone is ripping out her tooth. Anyone get this or know what it may be? Probably a trip to the dentist would uncover the secret, but I was looking for a mefi preview.
How do I restore order to my sinuses?
Calling all chronic sinusitis sufferers! How do you keep your sinus infections and symptoms to a minimum? [more inside]
Winter nose woes.
Runny nose, dry sinuses, nosebleeds--must be December. Humidifiers are expensive and gross. Boiling water on the stove, etc, doesn't help. Could you please give me suggestions of easy, cheap ways to alleviate/eliminate the side effects of dry air? [more inside]


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The following documents are from the Office of Personnel Management (OMP)'s Office of Diversity and Inclusion, which is responsible for reviewing and evaluating plans, reports, and programs for conformance with various laws, regulations, and directives relating to diversity and inclusion.
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Edit Article
How to Cheat at UNO
Two Methods:Pocketing the Wild cardThe crotch rocketCommunity Q&A
Do you keep losing in UNO and want to play dirty in a game? Read on to win!
Pocketing the Wild card
1Before an UNO match, go through the deck and find a wild card draw four.
2Hide it in your pocket. If you're not wearing any pockets, hide it in between your legs when you sit down to play UNO. This is easier if you play at a table.
3Say that the other person can deal, and then grab a card once the person deals it to you.
4On one of the cards, "accidentally" drop it on the floor. Say you dropped one, and instead of picking up the one that you dropped, pick up the wild card draw four.
5Bend down to pretend you're picking up, then slip the wild card draw four into your deck.
6Try to keep it until the end instead of using it right away; you will most likely win if you do it this way.
The crotch rocket
1When you reach a point in the game where you have so many cards in your hand it becomes unbearable, sneakily drop a few into your lap. Sitting at a table is best because then you can slip them under or between your legs.
2Don't do a bunch at once, because if you go from have twenty cards to three, it might be noticeable.
3At one point, exclaim your urgent need to relieve yourself-make it dramatic! Walk away with your legs clenched together and the cards safely trapped inside. Leave the cards you are keeping in your hand at the table so you seem innocent.
4Once you're in a bathroom or other room away from the game, hide the cards in a potted plant or something. Be sure to retrieve them later and add them back to the deck. This method will definitely help you if you are playing with a bad shuffler and have to draw forever and ever before you can play a card. This works for both girls and guys.
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- Hide the card that you "accidentally" dropped under your foot in case your opponent(s) look at the ground.
- This could work for any card.
- One problem is how to pick up the card after the game. Offer to tidy up for the person(s) you were playing with so they don't find the card.
- Don't get caught.
- Cheating at any game is a good way to lose trust and friends. If you cheat at UNO, being such a simple, luck-based game, and you are found out, which is what commonly occurs, people will consider you a sore loser as well as immature. They won't likely forget about it.
Things You'll Need
- A draw four wild card
- An opponent/opponents
- UNO deck


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This French-named fall vegetable casserole, while deliciously creamy and filling, is usually high in calories and saturated fat. With a few smart substitutions and additions, Chef Bonnie Moore was able to give this classic a svelte new look, cutting almost 150 calories and 7 grams of fat per serving! She also reduced the sodium by more than half. Then she added extra flavor with some low-sodium, low-fat ham.
Chef Bonnie was able to make these changes:
Eliminating the olive oil by using cooking spray in the baking dish
Using 2% milk instead of whole milk
Adding more vegetables
Increasing the flavor by adding low fat ham
Eliminating the Parmesan cheese and using only Gruyere
Using breadcrumbs instead of bread slices
Main Ingredients
2 pounds large russet potatoes
¾ teaspoon salt
¾ teaspoon black pepper
1 medium leek
1 teaspoon olive oil
1 cup whole milk
½ teaspoon sugar
8 slices baguette
1 cup grated Gruyere
1 tablespoon plus 1 teaspoon grated Parmesan cheese
Main Ingredients
3 cups 2% milk
2 cloves garlic, crushed
4 russet potatoes, peeled and thinly sliced
2 carrots, peeled and thinly sliced
2 parsnips, peeled and thinly sliced
salt to taste
freshly ground black pepper
nonstick cooking spray
1/4 pound sliced, baked ham, chopped
1 cup shredded Gruyere cheese
1/2 cup plain bread crumbs
Calories: 507
Total Fat: 18 g
Saturated Fat: 9 g
Cholesterol: 47 mg
Sodium: 1108 mg
Protein: 20 g
Percent Calories from Fat: 32%
Percent Calories from Protein: 16%
Calories: 360
Total Fat: 11 g
Saturated Fat: 6 g
Cholesterol: 35 mg
Sodium: 427 mg
Protein: 20 g
Percent Calories from Fat: 27%
Percent Calories from Protein: 22%
Click here to see the new recipe!
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Currently at Gevalia they have a killer deal! You can score 4 boxes of coffee and a coffeemaker for only $9.99 shipped! KCL readers have spotted similar bags of coffee at the grocery store for at least $7.00 a bag.
Here's how to get this deal:
- Click Here.
- Select your 4 boxes of Gevalia coffee or tea.
- Add your free coffeemaker.
- Set up Auto Delivery.
- Note: Your first shipment will be billed to you at the promotional price of $9.99 + free shipping. Your subsequent Auto Delivery shipments will be subject to the regular coffee and tea prices listed on the website + free shipping. You can cancel Auto Delivery at any time. Simply log in to "My Account" on the site and click on the "Auto Delivery Orders" link under "Your Orders." Then select the Auto Delivery order you would like to cancel.
Admittedly, the free coffeemaker included in this offer is not the highest quality coffeemaker. But, we have heard from numerous readers that it works great and they really like it. As such, you may not want to make it the primary coffeemaker in your home. It would, however, make a good coffeemaker for a cabin or a dorm room.


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By NEMS Daily Journal
TUPELO – The Tupelo Airport Authority meets Monday to talk about a $250,000 change order request from Century Construction.
Last month, the airport board approved a contract with Century. At the time, the Tupelo-based company had worries that delays in the project could add some $500,000 to its winning bid of just over $5 million.
Century's bid was significantly lower than the estimated $8.15 million officials had estimated it would cost to add 650 feet to the runway.
The board will meet at noon on Monday.


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The Style Gallery is a great new way for you to view, love, and share outfit photos. It's meant to showcase
all the expressive, creative, and inspirational personalities of our community!
Love you too!
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Wear the white dots and side cutouts of this chambray dress on a whim! In a cool cotton blend with a fitted back waistband, this lined frock has you comfortably poised to hop on any last-minute plans. Pipe up about how adjustable straps, a V-neckline, and hidden pockets perfect this dress, which makes your unplanned day all the more fun!
Final Sale: This item cannot be returned or exchanged.
All measurements in inches.
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Harpocrate seated on a lotus flower, cat. 15622
Bronze figurine showing the god Harpocrate, the Hellenization of the Egyptian god Horus the child, who was born from the lotus flower. The piece is interesting because it shows how a traditional Egyptian model was revisited by Hellenistic artists. At the same time the great diffusion of this figurative motif in the Hellenistic period testifies as to the strong progressive diffusion of the cults of salvation in the centuries that precede the coming of the Lord.


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Gulbarga Overview
Gulbarga is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of Gulbarga District. It was formerly part of Nizam's Hyderabad state. Gulbarga is 200 km from Hyderabad and 623 km north of Bangalore. Most of the attractions in Gulbarga are historically important. Places like Gulbarga Fort, Jumma Masjid and Khwaja Bande Nawaz Dargah not only attracts tourists but also the attention of historians. Buddhist sites of Sannathi have revealed a lot about the history of Gulbarga and nearby areas. If you are looking for car rental Gulbarga let us know and we will be happy to provide you with best budgeted deals for . Book cabs in Gulbarga


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January 2012
Let him have it
Ryan Bruan was the best Major League Baseball player in 2011.
There — I said it.
Ryan Braun is my most hated Major League Baseball player — ever.
That was a little bit easier to say.
On Saturday, Braun accepted his first National League MVP award after leading his Brewers to the playoffs, all while hitting 33 home runs. He also had a batting average of .332 and an unprecedented OPS of .994 with a solid .597 slugging percentage.
What will cloud his rather remarkable season, though, is shame.
Braun tested positive for a banned substance in December, after he was already named MVP. Us Pirate fans rejoiced at the news. Of course, it was an opportunity to point a finger and laugh and the man who has helped torment this fan base in all of his five seasons in the league. It affirmed the speculation that something most definitely has been up with this guy, and it's about time he was found out.
More so, it fueled the judgement of a doubting nation that the steroid-era is most certainly not over.
Braun has long been a players advocate saying that he is clean and could be tested at any time to prove he's truthful. Even with the confirmed allegations against him, he maintains his innocence. While it wasn't necessarily a steroid or a Performance Enhancing Drug he tested positive for, Braun still broke the rules.
Still, he got on base, hit the home runs and led Milwaukee through an exciting season and playoff run.
For that, he deserves to keep the award.
Defending the honor won't be so easy as Braun faces a 50-game suspension for, well, breaking the rules.
I'm not one to put an athlete on a pedestal, but they will always be looked up to. I don't not cheer for guys that are proven jerks, convicted felons or smug to the fans. I root for players, not people.
But, I don't pull for Ryan Braun.
The Brewers have long been Pirate killers. Since 2007, they are 38-4 against Pittsburgh. At the axis of the evil, Miller Park, Milwaukee won eight games when hosting the Pirates. There have been brawls, chin-music pitches thrown from each side and a 20-0 beat down within it all.
It has all been said and done, Braun is the 2011 NL Most Valuable Player, deservingly so. He also deserves a 50-game suspension for injecting/ingesting something that is illegal. He's appealing it, but to take a page from Braun's book when referencing getting beaned by Pittsburgh's Jeff Kastens:
"We'll see what the commisioner has to say about it."
photo credits: washingtonpost.com, espn.com
Back in black…and gold
According to the 2011 Latest Leaders, The Pittsburgh Peas was the 14th most read mlblog over the past year.
Not bad for not posting in about three months.
I always strived to post a few times a week. That was made a lot easier when I was in college with plenty of spare time to spill my thoughts on the Pirates, baseball and life in general. Heck, studying and writing important scholastic papers took a backseat to this blog.
But now I'm in the real world.
Regular posting started to slow down this summer when I had an internship with the Mahoning Valley Scrappers, a minor league affiliate of the Cleveland Indians.
There were long hours in a fast paced environement, but I showed up to an office each day that over looked a baseball field. Couldn't beat that.
Now, I'm back to writing — full time — at a newspaper. Sports writing as always been at the forefront of my career aspirations. I get to cover local sports with a much greater circulation than my college newspaper at WVU. I'm not sitting in a press box with top notch media from all over the country, but I still get to tell a story in my own words.
And now I'm really back to writing where I started with this blog.
The Pittsburgh Peas opened many doors for me, including the past two positions I've held. I've also connected with so many fans from all over the place, even meeting a few in person.
There are so many blogs out there that relay much of the same information on a team or story and I've prided The Peas on being much more than that. This is about my experiences, my thoughts and, most importantly, those with the Pittsburgh Pirates.
After all, this was the 14th most read blog for a reason.
So, I hope to get back into regular posting. I hated to see a gaping hole from October to December. With three years in the making, I let myself down for being a bit lax and letting The Peas fall by the wayside. We're still in the dead of winter, but so many good times are ahead.


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Catholic View of the Political Community (Part 3)
To continue with the building up of a genuine Catholic worldview regarding the nature and purpose of the Political Community- we move on with the authoritative teachings from the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church Chapter 8.
In Paragraph 379, we begin to see how Jesus Christ relates to political authority and what kind of revolution he represents. What is interesting here for me is how Jesus sets up the proper balance of power between God and Caesar. We cannot put patriotism above religious conviction. The State has a business to run- so to speak- and so taxes and rule of law is necessary and even a good thing if the leadership is competent and takes on the proper attitude of what true leadership is all about. Service. Leaders are bound to serve the common good, not their own self-aggrandizement or the powerful interest groups. When they do this, they seem to be in line with Jesus' teaching on rendering to God and to Caesar. Jesus does not say that Caesar's realm is pure evil and good people should disdain or separate themselves from the political order. But Jesus also does not endear Himself to the ultra-patriotic Zealots, who have no patience with God's ways- these are the 'might makes right' guys, and the 'let's go with what works' pragmatists/consequentialists. In my reading here, Jesus is setting up something that fits quite nicely with the development of Catholic social doctrine. An orthodox Catholic should be able to avoid the "My Country Right or Wrong" abuse of patriotism, and also the various "Liberation Theologies" that seemingly turn the Good News of Jesus Christ – which is our liberation from sin- into a mostly political message of socio-political reforms/revolutions. Catholic social doctrine fulfills Jesus' own example and message conveyed during his own volatile political era. Here is Paragraph 379 for your edification:
b. Jesus and political authority
379. Jesus refuses the oppressive and despotic power wielded by the rulers of the nations (cf. Mk 10:42) and rejects their pretension in having themselves called benefactors (cf. Lk 22:25), but he does not directly oppose the authorities of his time. In his pronouncement on the paying of taxes to Caesar (cf. Mk 12:13-17; Mt 22:15-22; Lk 20:20-26), he affirms that we must give to God what is God's, implicitly condemning every attempt at making temporal power divine or absolute: God alone can demand everything from man. At the same time, temporal power has the right to its due: Jesus does not consider it unjust to pay taxes to Caesar.
Jesus, the promised Messiah, fought against and overcame the temptation of a political messianism, characterized by the subjection of the nations (cf. Mt 4:8-11; Lk 4:5-8). He is the Son of Man who came "to serve, and to give his life" (Mk 10:45; cf. Mt 20:24-28: Lk 22:24-27). As his disciples are discussing with one another who is the greatest, Jesus teaches them that they must make themselves least and the servants of all (cf. Mk 9:33- 35), showing to the sons of Zebedee, James and John, who wish to sit at His right hand, the path of the cross (cf. Mk 10:35-40; Mt 20:20-23).
5 Responses to Catholic View of the Political Community (Part 3)
I think the Catechism deals with the question of patriotism vs. what you call "My Country Right or Wrong abuse of patriotism". The Catechism would call the latter nationalism. Patriotism itself is seen as a reflection of the virtue of justice as as such a proper duty for each person.
No argument there. Patriotism is a good thing, but is soured when it begins the process of excusing/overlooking/or outright supporting moral evils or lackings in a given nation. I use the term patriotism more than nationalism because most Americans are unfamiliar with the term nationalism to describe things here in the U.S., and find it convenient to hide behind the term- patriotism- as if you couldn't go wrong being patriotic even to the extreme. What is that old saying- patriotism is the last refuge of scoundrels- or something like that. I see this sort of thing in the drumbeat to war- in the debate on how best to "Support the Troops". I will write a future article on my own decision to join the military in the early 80's, and how my thinking goes today. Patriotism is something that we can all relate to, and it is a great discussion to have among serious Catholics. We don't want to fall into the Zealots camp anymore than we want to become likened to the Pharisees- both missed Jesus bigtime!
C.S. Lewis in "The Four Loves" discusses the various types of love of country. To summarize what he said — which I have found very helpful — patriotism exists on several levels.
At its most basic it is simply an attachment to your home and culture, to the things you grew up with (food, music, holidays, landscape, etc.) This type of patriotism, Lewis says, is usually not at all aggressive, but simply wants to be left alone, and respects other people's right to enjoy their "homes" equally. I suspect that for many Americans, this kind of patriotism attaches to their home state or city as well as to their country.
Another type of patriotism is pride in the legendary or iconic deeds and words of the country's heroes and founders (e.g. the Pilgrims' first Thanksgiving, Washington chopping down the cherry tree, Old West cowboys). Lewis says there is nothing wrong with this kind of patriotism or pride in one's country, but it should NOT be confused with the actual, factual history of one's country, which has to include the bad as well as the good.
The last and potentially most dangerous form of patriotism is the belief that one's country is inherently superior to all others. Attempting to remake other countries in the image of one's own can be done aggressively through war, or commercially through colonization, or in more subtle ways. It is this kind of patriotism that corresponds most closely with "nationalism" in the sense that the Catechism uses.
Right on elaine- I have absorbed a lot of C.S. Lewis over the years- I really like the above description- thanks
Back from Father's Day weekend. It may be that Americans may confuse the term but perhaps that is that it has not been used with them. Given that we are seeking to form the basis of the conversation for understanding political community it would also be good to start with proper terms. I agree with Elaine that C.S. Lewis has good insight to this though again it would be good to distinguish the terms. I find most Americans capable of learning this even given the status of Public Education. As for the Zeolots/Pharisees and Nationalism see:
Since we are trying to understand the political community I would also say that we do not think of Jesus in terms of "revolution." Such a term has political implications all its own. Redemption is I believe a better Catholic starting point.


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GSA and ExxonMobil are excited to announce our annual geology field camp award. One field camp will receive an award of $10,000 to assist with their summer field season based on safety awareness, diversity, and technical excellence.
All applicants will be notified in mid-May regarding whether or not you have received this award.
Your complete application will consist of:
an online application discussing your background and the history of your field camp. Please indicate your plans for the future (short-term and long-term) and how you feel this award will benefit your field season. We are particularly interested in how you address safety awareness, how diverse your attendees are, and your course syllabus (i.e. technical excellence).
For more details, please see the Field Camp Excellence Award home page.
GSA/ExxonMobil Field Camp Online Application Questions (please use this link to view the online application questions in case you would like to begin answering them offline)
Note: you must be a GSA member to apply for this award. Not a member? Join today!
QUESTIONS?Contact Jennifer Nocerino, email@example.com or +1-303-357-1036.


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Paul Turner
Who would be your biggest bass inspiration?
It's impossible for me to say one as I have so many. I suppose the players I listened to most when I was practising most would be Stanley Clarke, Jaco Pastorius, Marcus Miller and James Jamerson. I also drew huge inspiration from Larry Graham of Sly & GCS, Rocco Prestia of Tower Of Power, Paul Jackson of The Headhunters, Nate Philips of Pleasure, Barry Johnson, Mark Adams of Slave, Bernard Edwards of Chic, Norman Watt Roy of The Blockheads and UK session great Pino Palladino plus loads of other great players. My main influences were generally from jazz, funk and R&B, but I have rock influences like Andy Frazer, John Paul Jones and Macca of course. Inspiration wise it would probably be Jaco for his genius in composition as well as his playing, Larry Graham for his whole vibe and Pino for his ability to ALWAYS play creatively in whatever the genre.
What made you choose the bass guitar?
A local guitar hero was teaching a friend of mine who had a guitar and he suggested I get a bass. We later formed a band with the same guy and started gigging.
If you could give any advice to young people about making it big as a bass guitarist what would it be?
Listen, Practice, listen, practice. Don't look for short cuts. The old saying of "it's not what you know, it's who you know" isn't true. That may get you a chance but then you still have to be good enough to take the opportunity. Play with lots of people in different styles and situations as there is something to learn in every situation. With bass it is essential to groove and have good feel. That doesn't mean you have to be busy, but to help the music feel good.
Are there any particular genres of bass you prefer playing?
Funk and soul, but I enjoy music that is emotional and sincerely enjoy most genres if the songs and music are good.
After touring independently with Annie Lennox what made you want to join the band in 2005?
Working with Annie was and is a special experience because she is an amazing singer who's written amazing songs and is a mind blowingly amazing performer to share a stage or studio with. She is also a special person, so it was a privilege. Stylistically Jamiroquai have always been the band that covered everything I love in music and playing so it was a dream opportunity. I first saw the band in 1993!
Out of a CD collection which CD do you listen to the most?
Oh man....... tough. Well I suppose I have to own up to still listening mainly to old stuff, 70's funk, r&b and jazz. Bands and players I mentioned earlier like Stevie, Curtis, Pleasure, Herbie Hancock, Weather Report, Miles but also The Beatles to Led Zeppelin.


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Smaller cafe designed as growth vehicle for urban markets
Denny's new fast-casual model, Denny's Café, will allow the family-dining chain to expand in urban markets, an executive from the chain told Nation's Restaurant News. David Demers, director of development projects and services for Spartanburg, S.C.-based Denny's Corp., said the smaller footprint of Denny's Café opens up possibilities for the 1,600-unit chain in areas where real-estate constraints prevented it from developing traditional full-service ...
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On the heels of our great debate about a Soda Tax, I thought I'd do a followup review on the SodaStream Home Carbonator.
Before I go any further, an embarrassing disclosure: Coke Zero is one of my weaknesses. I love the stuff, but I try not to drink it too often, making it a "luxury" in my life. I don't keep it stocked in the house, but about once (okay, twice) a week, I'd pick up a 20-ounce bottle from the corner store, for $1.85.
When we bought the SodaStream, I thought it would be interesting (and cheaper and easier) to try their "Cola Zero" flavor, so we ordered a bottle of the stuff.
They also threw in a free sampler pack of some of their other soda flavors, so it's given us the opportunity to try a few other flavors without committing to the full jug.
Okay, so. Having said that, here are my observations:
It Carbonates Water Really Well.
Yup, it does its job. However, it's only for carbonating plain water (you can add stuff to the water later, if you wish). It takes about ten seconds to take a bottle of water out of the fridge, attach it to the machine, and press the button a few times.
Faster than microwave popcorn, and certainly less greasy.
They're adamant that you should never carbonate anything other than water, and doing so will void your warranty. (Nevertheless, I'm sooo tempted to try carbonating milk. It might be worth it just for the viral video marketing potential. Maybe next St. Patty's day we'll carbonate green milk. But I digress.)
It's Eco-Friendly.
This is a no-brainer. It uses no electricity. The bottles can be reused again and again, though they do have an expiration date about three years in the future.
The Gee-Whiz Factor.
Definitely gets a "10" on this one.
It's fun when you have people over for dinner and you can make seltzer instantly for them. Great conversation starter, and fellow foodies get a real kick out of it.
It's Cost-Effective.
I just finished our first CO2 tank. I'll guess I've averaged about two liters per day, so we're right on par with their "makes 60 liters" claim.
At $15 per CO2 refill, that comes out to $0.25 per liter of seltzer.
Let's say a liter of seltzer at the store is $1.50. For $99 — my initial equipment investment — I'd get 66 bottles of the store-bought stuff. So after going through just the one CO2 tank that came with the setup, I'm nearly break-even already.
For my next $99, I'll get nearly 400 bottles of home seltzer.
If I had to actually buy that much seltzer from a store, I certainly wouldn't drink as much of it. Lugging a 2-liter bottle home for every day of the week? No thanks. And if I had to pay a buck-fifty for each liter I drank, I certainly would think twice and have plain water a little more often. Even with the increased consumption, though, it still costs less.
Then there's the Sodamix Flavors. For $5 to $7 you get enough syrup to make about 12 liters, so tack on another 41 to 58 cents per liter. All told, a liter of home soda costs about 75 cents — which is still cheaper than the store-bought stuff.
The seltzer tastes great. I use filtered water from my fridge, and it's light, crisp, and refreshing.
The Soda flavors that we've tried have been hit-and-miss. The "Diet Cola" and "Cola Zero" taste more like RC Cola than real Coke products, and just don't do it for me. The "Pete's Choice" tastes pretty darn close to Dr. Pepper, and the Root Beer flavor was good as well.
My favorite syrup flavor by far has been the Diet Pink Grapefruit. I must admit: Delicious.
Other things I've tried: Sliced lemon & lime (classic!), sliced strawberries (summertime!), and crushed blackberries (delighful, but those seeds are crunchy!).
All The Soda Flavors Include Artificial Sweeteners.
Every single one of their Sodamixes flavors contains Sucralose (same stuff as Splenda®), and most of the flavors contain Acesulfame-Potassium.
Why? The artificial sweeteners are so much sweeter than sugar that they need to use much less to achieve the same sweetness.
The bottles of syrup are about a pint, but if they used only sugar as a sweetener, they'd probably be about the size of a 2-liter bottle — which would make shipping and storage much more costly. That would also require different-sized bottles for the regular and diet flavors, which would further complicate matters.
(Next time you're at the grocery store, hold a box of regular Jello mix in one hand and a package of artificially-sweetened Jello mix in the other. You'll see exactly what I'm talking about.)
Acesulfame-K requires special mention here. Center for Science in the Public Interest claims that Sucralose is considered safe, but Acesulfame-K should be avoided.
Moreover, it's been shown that Acesulfame-K can trigger insulin release, and may cause a reaction similar to low blood sugar levels (fatigue, disorientation, irritability). Ironically, this could cause people to eat more, thus promoting weight gain — but that's for another conversation.
Although the FDA deems it safe, it definitely seems that more testing of Ace-K is needed.
Though I haven't tried them, they also offer "MyWater Flavor Essences" — which are unsweetened syrups containing "natural flavors."
Careful, though: "Natural flavors" are not real foods; they're made in a lab just like artificial flavors. (They're allowed to be called "natural" because they are actually derived from the food they taste like, unlike "artificial" flavors. More on this in future posts.)
Consumption & Availability.
Here's the trick. I've ended up drinking a lot more of these beverages.
They're easy (and fun!) to make, and readily available. It's already in my house, and I don't have to walk to the store (and shell out $1.85) every time I want a soda.
Even worse, since we're making a liter at a time, I end up consuming about 32 ounces of soda instead of 20 every time I make a batch.
None of this is a problem when it comes to seltzer, of course, but it certainly is an issue when it comes soda syrups.
The Bottom Line.
I really like the Sodastream. It's a good product, well built, easy to use, and does what it says it does.
Although I plan on continuing to make seltzer (and maybe throw some real fruit in on occasion), after we use up the soda flavors in the house, we're not going to buy any more.
When I want a Coke Zero, I'll hoof it over to the store and buy a real Coke Zero (and perhaps just get a smaller, cheaper, 14-ounce bottle instead.)
Have you tried a Sodastream or other home carbonator? What has your experience been like?
This is a product I personally use and enjoy, and think you will too. If you click on the affiliate links in this post and then make a purchase from Sodastream, I'll earn a small commission. Thanks for your support!


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April marks the 40th anniversary of CBOE and the options industry. As part of our month-long anniversary celebration, we've invited the CBOE community to share their memories of CBOE and four decades of options trading. These are their stories…
It's easy for me to pinpoint the luckiest day of my professional life. As I approached graduation day in the Spring of 1987, I spotted a posting in the campus recruitment office from a trading firm looking for newly-minted graduates to work as clerks on the CBOE trading floor.
Clerks, I learned, phoned orders in and out of the trading crowd. The starting annual salary was $14,000, generous considering all that I did not bring to the options table, but I had already been offered twice that for a sales position in energy services. (Obviously, a different job market back then.)
I took the lower-paying job, swept up in the excitement of the trading floor and the dream of becoming a trader. I reasoned that clerking would lead to trading even though the firm's founder and owner, a guy named Steve Fossett, told me I would never trade, at least not for him. Fossett required traders to have advanced degrees, but I was undeterred. How hard could it be?
After my first day on the floor, I had a different thought. I will never understand this. New clerks were expected to figure things out — and to stay out of the way. I kept my eyes and ears open, shadowing Steve and other traders, trying to soak up their knowledge and keep my distance. I read and re-read Options as a Strategic Investment and studied the "Greeks." I looked to other clerks and CBOE staffers to translate hand signals, trader talk and the quirks (to put it mildly) of those around us. I learned the hard way not to believe everything they told me, especially if there was potential for a laugh.
It was mostly when the markets were quiet, and boredom set in, that the floor lived up to its reputation as the world's oldest eighth grade. We were pretty much captive from 8:30 to 3:10 in an era that predated iPhones and Blackberries. Humor, in varying and usually descending degrees of sophistication, passed the time. When the market moved, the place erupted in an adrenalin-fueled roar. Play time was over.
Somewhere along the way it registered to me that Fossett, who rarely showed any emotion, grew even calmer in the storm. His focus and trading acumen were legendary, and rightly so. Nobody better understood the nuances of options trading; he was the master, elevating trading options around earnings and deals to an art form. Despite his highly publicized adventures, Steve rarely talked about himself. I learned more about him from his autobiography, Chasing the Wind, than I did in 15 years working beside him.
The only time I ever proved Steve wrong was in becoming a trader for him, but even that required a heap of luck and help from others. There were many stops (from stock clerk, options clerk, OBO clerk, OBO broker, to market maker and DPM), with many lessons, along the way. I'm indebted to Steve, of course, but also to so many others, including his right hand man, Bob Kirkland, and the many CBOE staffers who were so passionate about options and about CBOE and enthusiastically shared their knowledge and experience with me.
There was always a sense that we were part of something special. Both traders and staff were aware that we were pioneering a whole new trading world, and we worked together to make it happen. Exchange employees were central to every one of CBOE's long list of financial innovations. The process by which innovations grew out of trader and staff committees was challenging, sometimes maddening, but ultimately exhilarating. The drive to develop the "the next great thing" was deeply embedded in our culture, and it is as alive today as it has ever been.
Sometimes you only realize how lucky you are in retrospect, but I was as aware — or at least as aware as any twenty-something guy could be — that I had stumbled into something fantastic. I would actually wake up on Sunday thinking I "get" to go back to work tomorrow.
People ask me what it's like to be CBOE's President after years of being a trader. You guessed it, lucky. Lucky to work all these years alongside Bill Brodsky – a guy who knows a thing or two about running an exchange. I am lucky to have Bill's support and that of the entire CBOE team — I am constantly learning from and inspired by them.
I am fortunate to be able to continue to work every day alongside people who are writing the next great chapter of the amazing CBOE story.
Happy anniversary to the entire CBOE community, past and present.
CBOE President and COO Ed Tilly will become CBOE Chief Executive Officer in May 2013. Prior to joining CBOE's executive management team, he was a CBOE member from 1989 to 2006 and traded as both a market-maker and a designated primary market-maker (DPM).
Be sure to visit the CBOE 40 hub daily as new memories will be added each day.


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Social Media. Does your organization need it?
Do you have customers, clients, or citizens or other audiences with which you want to communicate?
Do you wish your message could reach a wider audience?
Do you sometimes need to get information disseminated quickly?
Are you looking to engage and enable your base?
Do you want to build a community?
If you answered "YES" to any of these questions, you need social media.
Click here to watch an amazing video: Social Media Revolution
Social media is the future of communication. People who would otherwise be at your meetings are now online. You have be BE where they are. Other governments and non-profits are starting to pay attention to social media. Look here, here, here, here, here and here.
A look at what Fairfax County is tweeting about.
These and other public officials are starting to use the power of social media to keep their constituents informed about their programs, events and ideas.


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All my friends these days are posting pictures of their 5k runs. The Color Run. The Electric Run. The Spartan Run. The Neon Dash. The Tough Mudder. Running seems like so much fun from looking at their pictures. But when I go running, it's just not fun.
Believe me, I've tried running. I just don't like it. Am I the only one that feels this way?
I'm going to be really honest here, because it gets worse. I really don't like exercising in general. A year or so ago, I bought some workout clothes, hoping that it would inspire me to exercise. It helped a little, but not much.
I do like going for walks with my husband, and we do that fairly frequently when the weather's nice. Walking is definitely good exercise, but I don't go on enough walks with my husband to constitute a thorough work out. And for a large portion of the year, the weather is too hot or cold.
Here are some of my top excuses for not exercising:
– I hate running. And it's bad for your knees, too!
– It's too hot (or cold) outside.
– I'm already waking up super early to substitute teach; I can't handle waking up any earlier or I'll be a grump all day.
– If I exercise later in the day, I'll have to take a second shower.
– I'm too tired.
– I don't like to sweat.
– I don't have enough time.
– The treadmill downstairs in the apartment fitness center is boring.
– A gym membership is too expensive.
– My apartment is so small there's not really enough room to do an exercise video.
Yes, I know. These excuses are completely lame. The bottom line is I'm just lazy when it comes to exercising. I know I should be exercising more. When I do exercise (which is maybe once or twice a week), I feel more energized, I sleep better, and I just feel healthier in general. However, I am so inconsistent.
In the past when I would mention to someone I needed to exercise, they'd say "Oh, you're so skinny! You don't need to exercise!" What kind of advice is that? Even people in a normal weight range still need to exercise!
I'd like to hear your suggestions and tips for how to exercise more. I'm not looking for a fancy 2 hour regimen at the gym. I'm just looking for a way to practically incorporate a little more physical activity into my day. Please send your ideas and suggestions to email@example.com, use this contact form, or comment below, and I'll write a follow-up blog post with some of the best suggestions!


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Not that silly. Sheesh, dirty minds. I saw someone retweeted someone the other day and it was something to the effect of "What's with all the 100K and 200K books. That's what editors are for."
Then I thought, can a book be too long? Well of course, some 100 page books are too long. LOL But generally, if the story fits, to me it fits. I know that m/m has a lot of novellas and short stories which you find in e-publishing, and that can't really be done via traditional press that is sold in book stores. I do hear readers though say they only like long books, they want to be invested in the story and not just get a nibble.
So what about you? Do you like to read long books? Write them? If you start writing do you just go until it's done and not worry if that's 40K or 140K?
Some authors tend to write longer stories. Blind Eye Books has published a few long books. The Archer's Heart at 650 pages by Astrid Amara (one of the reasons I haven't read it) and The Rifter by Ginn Hale is over 1000 pages in total I believe. Although that was broken up as a serial.
There must be some 400+ page books I've bitten the bullet and read. I don't really shelve books like that and the GR group only has them 250+ pages. Do you have any fave super-long books?
Update: Okay, I scrolled back to July 2011 and found a few books at around 300 pages, Too Stupid to Live by Anne Tenino, Special Delivery by Heidi Cullinen, The Larton Chronicles, The Rebuilding Year by Kaje Harper, Broken Wings by Bethany Brown and Ashlyn Kane, Sometimes It's Fate by Angela Stone and then Haunted by Your Soul by Marguerite Labbe at 380 page and the big winner, Slow Bloom by Anah Crow and Dianne Fox at a whopping 490 pages.


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Just got a pair of Grado iGi's that I decided to try as replacement for my BeyerDynamic MMX-101's that I've never liked. Interesting as they're in the same price bracket. I was hesitant since some people clearly don't like the iGi's, but got a really good deal on this pair. For me - what a difference! If someone told me the Grado's cost three times more than the Beyer's, I'd believe them. I don't know the lingo too well, but they are so much more open in the presentation, larger soundstage. The treble is a little sharp, but I expect that will settle down... whereas the BeyerDynamic's never opened up and remain very muddy and unexiting after 100+ hours.
post #1 of 3
10/12/12 at 12:06pm
Thread Starter


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"Baby I" (CD Single)
What parents need to know
Parents Need to Know
Parents need to know that this single from Nickelodeon actress/pop star Ariana Grande is a sweet and likeable song about wanting to tell the person she's in love with how she feels. There's nothing racy in this fresh retro-sounding R&B jam, just good old-fashioned teenage frustration.
User reviews
Parents say
Kids say
What's the story?
"BABY I" is the second official single from Ariana Grande's debut solo album, Yours Truly. Following the platinum-selling smash hit "The Way (ft. Mac Miller)," the song has an upbeat retro-R&B sound with a contemporary hip-hop feel. The lyrics are about being unable to express the depth of her emotion to the person she wants, leaving her "tongue tied and twisted." Though Grande first made waves as an actress on Nickelodeon shows iCarly and Victorious, she is quickly becoming teen pop royalty.
Is it any good?
For fans of 90's R&B divas like Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston, Grande's sound will be a welcome return to an era of soulful girl power. Energetic claps and snares mesh with vocal runs and smooth delivery of catchy lyrics. This is rock-solid pop music for a new generation.
Families can talk about...
Families can talk about the trend of performers trying to be actors and singers. Grande initially captured the spotlight on television, but has since become a platinum-selling recording artist. Why do you think that crossover is so common?
Grande's sound harkens back to '90s R&B and pop, which was the decade in which she grew up. Is the '90s too recent to be considered "retro"?
Do you feel there is pressure on young female pop stars to be seductive and provocative?
Music details
|Ariana Grande
|Release date:
|July 22, 2013
|Parental advisory:
|Edited version available:
About Our Rating System
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Pop idols sing clean pop song about pop music.age 8+
JB grows up but stays sweet in slightly more mature tracks.age 9+
Slick, hook-heavy single is cynical but tame.age 12+
For kids who love R&B divas
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Opening Day is Sept. 2
A message from President Di Pasquale, Aug. 24, 2010
I look forward to seeing everyone at the Opening Day Convocation planned for 8 a.m. on Thursday, Sept. 2, at the Warwick campus as we get ready for the first day of classes on Tuesday, Sept. 7. It has been a busy summer and I know we are all eager to catch up with one another. We will begin with breakfast in the Great Hall and then move into the Bobby Hackett Theater, where I will share some exciting initiatives with you.
We still are seeking news of academic and professional summer accomplishments from faculty and staff to share with everyone. If you think your summer activity is something that would interest others, please e-mail a summary to Kristen Cyr at firstname.lastname@example.com by Wednesday, Aug. 25.
Thank you, and I will see you on Sept. 2.This page developed and maintained by Office of the President. Send comments and suggestions to firstname.lastname@example.com .


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Margarita Party
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 0 mins
This recipe is delicious! My friend Jen served these at her Mexican themed Pampered Chef Party the other night. I'm posting it here so I never lose it. It makes about a gallon. Be sure to use Diet Sprite or they'll be too sweet. I will also add fresh lime slices or fresh lime juice to perk it up a bit.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 (12 ounce) can frozen limeade concentrate, undiluted
- 1 (12 ounce) can frozen lemonade concentrate, undiluted
- 3 cups tequila (or to taste)
- 1 (2 liter) bottle diet Sprite
- lime slice (optional)
- In punch bowl add a lot of ice.
- Mix concentrates and tequila.
- Add to punch bowl with ice and stir.
- Slowly add DIET SPRITE and stir again until mixed.
- Serve!
Most Helpful
I made this at one of my party's and now it's being requested when I am going out to a party. Great Margarita!!!
I made this recipe at my cinco de mayo party last week....5 stars for how easy it was, plus I had to go to the store and buy the stuff to make another batch, it was gone within an hour, PLUS my second batch was gone by the end of the night. BIG hit with the ladies, and a friend of mine is making it at her party next week! Thanks for sharing!!


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I wore this tulle skirt from Urban Outfitter's recent sale for the 1st time, and opted for boots with only a little heel for maximum comfort!!
Time Out.
I wore this tulle skirt from Urban Outfitter's recent sale for the 1st time, and opted for boots with only a little heel for maximum comfort!!
62 comments:
Those shoes are perfect and I adore Ur hair style! ;)ReplyDelete
xoxo: Janet
nice necklacing!! and the tights too, so cute :)ReplyDelete
Brooke xx
Oh, I like those tights! Your new skirt is also so pretty!ReplyDelete
that picture of you holding the bottle is killer! You're awesome.ReplyDelete
Did you actually buy that skirt when I was with you? I remember debating it but I thought you left it.. Did you sneak back and get it or have I repressed some of our spending? Looks good anyway! xxxReplyDelete
I'm so jealous of your tulle skirt!!! And those tight are adorable.ReplyDelete
Hope you had fun
lovely skirt! the colour of your hair is also very nice.ReplyDelete
fantastic skirt, it looks awesome on youReplyDelete
Love those tights! I feel your pain on those 21er parties... they are a LOT of work sometimes!ReplyDelete
love your necklace and your skirt here!ReplyDelete
those necklaces are AMAZING. very david yurman check him out if you havent already! :)ReplyDelete
those donuts? food porn...omg thisiswhyyourefat.com is SOOOO hilarious you'd love it.
missoni = luxurious knits, but i thought tt it was slightly overkill!
andrea xoxoxx
Life In Technicolor
I love your necklaces!ReplyDelete
Great Tulle skirt... and is that a bottle of vodka?! YES!ReplyDelete
Hi there-love this outfit my dear!!ReplyDelete
love the necklace!!ReplyDelete
Oh, I like the skirt and your necklace! Cool outfit!!ReplyDelete
great necklace!ReplyDelete
loveeeee those shoes! gorgeous outfit.ReplyDelete
I've just linked you back =)
♥ Hannah
Lovee the skirt, the second picture is really cool as well (:ReplyDelete
thanks lovely! i love your motorcycle jacket - i wish i had one like it! <3ReplyDelete
oh and also - do you know how i can get an account to lookbook? I'm so new to this whole online blogging community. lol.
Haha, you're a true student holding that bottle of vodka! Looking lovely, love the skirt!ReplyDelete
Sounds like film is very girly and cringeworthy...well at least I know what I am letting myself in for! I want to see the James Corden/Matt Horne film too...sounds a little like shawn of the dead!
Fantastic outfit!ReplyDelete
Wow! I love that outfit! Looks awesome! Where did you get those perfect necklaces?ReplyDelete
Thanks for the comment :)ReplyDelete
Those boots are Fab! Love it.
can we link up?
Suzanne IMOS.
Those are really cute boots!ReplyDelete
you look goooooood. ♥ReplyDelete
and is that a bottle of vodka I see? * * *
my kind of gal!
luv the whole ensemble!ReplyDelete
DAmn girl! I love this outfit! The jacket, the chains, the pretty skirt, the shoes, everything!ReplyDelete
Thank you for your kind comments on my blog! :)ReplyDelete
I love the tulle skirt and the layered necklace, and where did you get your stockings?
I LOVE YOUR SKIRT AND NECKLACE. YOU LOOK GREAT IN THEM.ReplyDelete
Gorgeous skirt! I love everything tulle. And your necklace is so lovely xoxReplyDelete
Great skirt! LLGxxReplyDelete
Loving the necklaces and those shoes are beautiful!!ReplyDelete
i love it. very east village ramones girlie hip...ReplyDelete
Ooh I love your necklaces. I'm so in need of a good party! Too much work. argh. Lovely skirt too :)ReplyDelete
Really cool outfit!ReplyDelete
BOO! to exams... fingers crossed you will be done in time. I dont know if Im going to download for the whole weekend as reading/leeds tickets come out this month as well. So I think I might just go download on the friday for Faith no more. Rock AM would be amazing to go to.ReplyDelete
love the necklace!ReplyDelete
love the necklace!ReplyDelete
Love the chains, I can't get enough of the Balmain layed chain look either :)ReplyDelete
looove that necklace!!ReplyDelete
the shoes are perfect and tights are awesome!ReplyDelete
thanks for the comment!ReplyDelete
that outfit is awesome, those tights are so chic! and really digging your blog;)
Thankyoooou guys!ReplyDelete
For those who asked:
The tights are just from Primark, and the necklaces I can't actually remember - they've been hiding at the back of my jewelery drawer for ages! =]
Also, yes it is vodka haha!
i like the necklace!ReplyDelete
so cute! And comfort is always the best way to go.. if not, you always end up regretting it!ReplyDelete
Love your hair!! So fierce! :)ReplyDelete
I love the 2nd picture. Nice outfit.ReplyDelete
your boots are goregous.....im looking for a similar pair with a heel that is not too high...loveReplyDelete
love your chain necklace!ReplyDelete
I need to get a poofy skirt like that. So pretty!ReplyDelete
belated happy birthday!ReplyDelete
i love those tights!
check you out holding your bottle of vodka! haha! brilliant!ReplyDelete
love the outfit xx
oooo i like the tights and the skirt! the leather jacket is the perfect touch...ReplyDelete
A great party outfit!!ReplyDelete
The boots are just lovely
Is it too late to greet you a happy birthday? what if I put a cherry on top of my greeting? hehe..ReplyDelete
Belated Happy 21st! ;-)
Really fab =)ReplyDelete
cool photos! you look greatReplyDelete
Nice necklaces! I want something like that.ReplyDelete
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text:
You purchased this item onView this order
A.C. Grace Company, Unique E, 30 Softgels
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
- Loyalty credit is equal to 10% of the value of your order, excluding shipping charges.
- Your loyalty credit will be applied towards your next order as soon as your current order has shipped.
- Your loyalty credits are valid for up to 60 days from the date of your last purchase.
This product is already in your Wish List.
View Wish List
This product is now in your Wish List.
Expiration Date:?Apr 2019Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?0.19 lbs (0.09 kg)Shipping WeightThe Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: ACG-00111
- UPC Code: 894612001117
- Package Quantity: 30 Softgels
- Dimensions: 2.2 x 2.2 x 3.9 in, 0.1 lbs (0.05 kg)
Although the label states capsules, they are infact softgels.
|Combo Discount:
|- $4.00
- High Gamma
- High Alpha
- Mixed Tocopherols
- Optimum E Complex for Maximum Health Benefits
- Dietary Supplement
- Doctor Tested: Application-Based Science
Since 1962 A.C. Grace Company has specialized in providing a pure concentrated form of the natural vitamin E complex. The proprietary UNIQUE E formula is devoid of all fillers, additives, colors, preservatives, soy or gluten, and provides 400 IU d-alpha tocopherol. The mixed tocopherols are in their optimum portions to deliver the highest biological activity and maximum health benefits such as promoting healthy circulation and inhibiting the oxidation of lipids.
Suggested Use
One softgel daily or as directed by physician.
Other Ingredients
Gelatin, glycerin, water.
Store in a cool dry place away from direct light.
|Supplement Facts
|Serving Size: 1 Softgel
|Servings Per Container: 30
|Amount Per Serving
|Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol)
|Proprietary Blend
d-gamma tocopherol, d-delta tocopherol and d-beta tocopherol
|432 mg
|** Daily Value (DV) not established.
Bought these for circulation problems relief. Not impressed. The cayenne worked much better. Grace website says this is 100% pure soy! Claims the GMO and the soy is removed when purified. (Yeah right: you don't take a pork chop, put it in a blender, filter it and call it vegan) You can't claim something is soy-free when it comes EXCLUSIVELY from soy That is ridiculous! Maybe they have removed the common soy-allergens but for those of us who are avoiding soy because of GMO and xenoestrogens, they are 100% still in this vitamin! Waiting for someone to manufacture vitamin E pills from egg yolks, olives or avocados. In the meantime won't puchase this one again.
This stuff is seriously 'A' grade. Enhances moisture levels & overall skin condition; this is just one of the benefits that you can see. I usually take with a couple of Brazil nuts as vitamin E and selenium are synergistic (selenium supplements would also work). The quality and blend of tocopherols make this a far superior vitamin E to most other products. I believe these would work very well for topical application if you wanted to pierce the caps; the product has free form tocopherols which have much better skin absorption characteristics than esterified forms of vitamin E (eg. d-alpha tocopheryl acetate) that are commonly used in skin care products. These esterified forms are used primarily used for oxidative stability but have low absorption (typically around 5%).
Excellent Vitamin E
Posted by 4727183900159137734 on Nov 10, 2016
Probably the best vitamin E oil on the market.
Unique E
Posted by 5064056983628828346 on Jun 23, 2016
Have used this for many tears the best E on the market in my opinion!
Good Mix of Vitamin E
Posted by MarieMR on Jan 10, 2016
They do say that it contains no filler and no soy BUT it is infact from soy but they say that it is purified and distilled to extract only the vitamin E and no soy ends up in the product. The MRM brand is cheaper and they also say the same as AC GRACE but they actually say and have label saying that it is derived from palm and soy derivatives and company tells me that they use NON GMO ingredients, so a cheaper alternative than AC GRACE. do prefer Mercola E but need to take 2-4 or the North American Herb & Spice Co., Purely-E also need 3-4 daily but they are wonderful. It depends on my finances but these are my choices as they have no fillers and are NON GMO. I did use the Sunflower E but they do not state they have the Complete Spectrum of Tocopherols & Tocotrienols in their product and we do need them. iHerb has wonderful customer service and DHL is fast with delivery Thanks!
Posted by Reviewer1317707 on Sep 01, 2014
I am taking this, but I can not say I feel any different or see any changes. I will continue taking it however as it is without soy.
it is ok, but i think there will be better ones.
Posted by Reviewer1439555 on Jun 30, 2013


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TBN's Shiloh Ranch was the backdrop as Paul, Matt, Laurie and Jan enjoyed a beautiful afternoon in Texas talking about the early days of TBN's ministry.
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The Style Gallery is a great new way for you to view, love, and share outfit photos. It's meant to showcase
all the expressive, creative, and inspirational personalities of our community!
Love you too!
Your email has been sent!
Wherever your sister's big occasion takes place, you're sure to look glamorous by her side wearing this gorgeous formal dress by Trashy Diva. A proud New Orleans brand, Trashy Diva creates pieces that exude old-school charm and flatter a modern girl's figure. This elegant, side-zipped frock is crafted of aqua grosgrain-inspired fabric. Featuring a gathered surplice bodice edged in a foldover collar that dips into pretty twin points in the back, this timeless silhouette suits a day you'll want to remember forever. You don't have to be saying "I do!" to flaunt fabulous fashion - just pair this lovely piece with ivory peep toes, a rhinestone-encrusted necklace, and a black patent clutch!
All measurements in inches.
Sorry this item isn't available anymore


text:
What is spaced repetition learning?
After we first learn something, we will forget if that information is not used or reviewed. With each review, it will take longer to forget. The goal of a study plan is to review often enough to remember, but not more often than needed.
How often information must be reviewed depends on the difficulty of the material. AIVault adjusts to your performance over time, in different Memo Folders, and on individual Memos. You simply need to spend a little time with me on a regular basis.
The "Forgetting Curve" chart shows how information is forgotten over time. AIVault allows you to take natural memory and place it under your control.
This illustrated forgetting curve is very general. It will vary greatly depending on your concentration and the difficulty of information. The ability to adapt to these variations makes AIVault an optimal learning tool.
AIVault can also be considered a "flash-card" type of program. You likely remember learning with flashcards as a child. AIVault takes the concept and uses the power of modern PC's to extend it to a higher level.
|Copyright © 2016 EllaZ Systems
|Privacy & Policy Notices
|All Rights Reserved


text:
As New Yorkers wait to find out if Governor Cuomo is even thinking about finding someone to chair the MTA [1], his lack of attention to transit stands in stark contrast to another northeastern governor — one who in the past six months not only named a new transit head, but also released a plan to fund the state's transportation system and made it a focal point of his State of the State [2] address.
That governor is Deval Patrick of Massachusetts. First elected in 2006, Patrick is the first post-Big Dig governor, and while he's had to deal with the project's fallout, including massive debt, he's also had the chance to chart a new course for transportation.
"He's been a really great governor for transportation in general and transit in particular," said Stephanie Pollack, an urban policy expert at Northeastern University. "He deserves a huge amount of credit for putting the issue on the table."
In September, Patrick lobbied Beverly Scott [4], former head of Atlanta's MARTA system, out of her planned retirement to lead the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, a move that was widely lauded by advocates. But that's only part of the story.
Patrick has reorganized and consolidated the state's transportation agencies in an effort to improve accountability, and he has confronted the need for revenue to maintain and modernize the state's transportation network.
All the borrowing to pay for the Big Dig, combined with the lack of sufficient dedicated revenue, had buried Massachusetts under a mountain of transportation-related debt. In 2012, 45 percent of the combined MassDOT and MBTA budgets were allotted to debt service [5]. (While the MTA hasn't reached this level of indebtedness, its debt load is growing at an alarming rate [6].)
The Massachusetts gas tax, eroded by inflation, was last adjusted in 1991. Sales tax receipts, a major MBTA revenue source since 2000, had failed to meet expectations. In addition, Turnpike tolls west of Route 128 are scheduled to be eliminated in 2017, blowing a $120 million annual hole in MassDOT's budget forecasts.
In 2009, a recession-driven budget crisis forced the issue. Patrick proposed a 19-cent gas tax increase [7], with nearly one-third of the revenue dedicated to the MBTA. Legislators were not receptive to the idea, and opted instead for a sales tax increase [8] to help fund the T.
The same year in New York, the MTA's budget gaps led to the creation of the Payroll Mobility Tax [9]. In the years since, Cuomo has chipped away [10] at the PMT, a target of suburban officials [11].
As in New York, which implemented fare hikes and service cuts after failing to completely deal with the 2009 crisis, the Massachusetts funding problems were not solved with a quick fix. Following agency belt-tightening in 2011 [12], in 2012, the MBTA closed a budget gap with the first fare hike approved under the Patrick administration, but still required additional state aid [13] from the legislature.
"We can't pull any more rabbits out of our hat," Massachusetts transportation secretary Richard Davey said in March [14], and Patrick agreed that Massachusetts needed a long-term solution to increase its investment in transportation.
In January, MassDOT released a report [15] outlining capital needs and new funding sources. (Notably absent on MassDOT's to-do list: highway expansion [16].) The report proposed a menu of options to raise $1 billion annually, including increased gas, sales, payroll, or income taxes, assessing vehicle registration fees based on carbon emissions, a new vehicle miles traveled tax, and increases in tolls, fares, and fees.
"Everything that he's been doing since he was elected has stabilized the T and laid the groundwork for this year's legislative session," Pollack said.
After having to take action on the MBTA's 2009 and 2012 gaps, legislative leaders still greeted the report warmly [17]. "We all agree something has to be done," House Speaker Robert A. DeLeo said. Two days later, Patrick used his State of the State address to outline his preference for an income tax increase.
This choice disappointed some advocates [18] who wanted Patrick to press for funding sources more aligned with transportation goals, like a gas tax increase. Even so, Massachusetts remains a few steps ahead of New York, where Governor Cuomo has dodged the transportation funding question since 2009, pushing the burden to straphangers [19] and eroding the MTA's dedicated funding streams.
So far, Cuomo has failed to even acknowledge that the MTA has a structural budget problem. But with a smart MTA funding plan that eliminates the dysfunction of NYC's road pricing system [20], Cuomo could leapfrog ahead of Patrick on transportation and infrastructure policy.


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Halabi, Wissam J. MD*; Kang, Celeste Y. MD*; Ketana, Noor BS*; Lafaro, Kelly J. MD*; Nguyen, Vinh Q. PhD†; Stamos, Michael J. MD*; Imagawa, David K. MD, PhD*; Demirjian, Aram N. MD*
Introduction: Gallstone ileus is a mechanical bowel obstruction caused by a biliary calculus originating from a bilioenteric fistula. Because of the limited number of reported cases, the optimal surgical method of treatment has been the subject of ongoing debate.
Methods: A retrospective review of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2009 was performed for gallstone ileus cases treated surgically by enterotomy with stone extraction alone (ES), enterotomy and cholecystectomy with fistula closure (EF), bowel resection alone (BR), and bowel resection with fistula closure (BF). Patient demographics, hospital factors, comorbidities, and postoperative outcomes were reported. Multivariate analysis was performed comparing mortality, morbidity, length of stay, and total cost for the different procedure types.
Results: Of the estimated 3,452,536 cases of mechanical bowel obstruction from 2004 to 2009, 3268 (0.095%) were due to gallstone ileus—an incidence lower than previously reported. The majority of patients were elderly women (>70%). ES was the most commonly performed procedure (62% of patients) followed by EF (19% of cases). In 19%, a bowel resection was required. The most common complication was acute renal failure (30.44% of cases). In-hospital mortality was 6.67%. On multivariate analysis, EF and BR were independently associated with higher mortality than ES [(odds ratio [OR] = 2.86; confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–7.07) and (OR = 2.96; CI: 1.26–6.96) respectively]. BR was also associated with a higher complication rate, OR = 1.98 (CI: 1.13–3.46).
Conclusions: Gallstone ileus is a rare surgical disease affecting mainly the elderly female population. Mortality rates appear to be lower than previously reported in the literature. Enterotomy with stone extraction alone appears to be associated with better outcomes than more invasive techniques.
© 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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biliary, bilioenteric fistula, bowel obstruction, gallstone ileus
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