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|Who is Elrond?
In handbooks or reference books about Tolkien and his work and as well in the WorldWideWeb you can find many articles, essays, overviews or simply some brief characterizations about the characters in Tolkien's books to give the readers some more background information and round up the imagination of Middle-Earth and its inhabitants. But during my examination of this topic I found out that hardly anyone takes care of critically investigating or even naming their source of information. This often means that for example dates for Tolkien's characters are mentioned that will not stand up to close examination; statements by Tolkien himself are considered as facts without examining from which creative period of his work or from which texts they originate: first of all there are two major works, authorized by Tolkien himself, the Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings; further texts that have been edited after Tolkien's death by his son Christopher Tolkien as the Simarillion, and his letters as well should be taken into consideration very carefully. In addition there is the History of Middle-Earth (HoMe), edited by Christopher Tolkien that gives an extensive overview of the creation of the mythology and the Lord of the Rings.
Fact is that Tolkien never really finished his mythology and therefore we often find several different compositions of the same topic. Not all of his tales have reached a final version to be published and many of his characters have different backgrounds and histories in these tales.
In this article I want to concentrate on the character of Elrond only, even if the development of this character does not show the same problems as many others do, but I consider him as one of the most interesting characters in Tolkien's work with his descent reaching far into the mythological past and an almost tragic life.
Elrond, the lord of Rivendell, as he is already presented to us in the Hobbit of 1937 is one of those characters whose fate is closely interwoven with both peoples, men and elves, the children of Ilúvatar. The Lord of the Rings ends with the Fourth Age when the last elves leave Middle-Earth to live in the far West. With them is Elrond who has played a major role in the Second and Third Age. The development of this character was subject of several changes during the writing process of Tolkien until he became the person we meet in the Lord of the Rings. The history of his family, his descent and especially his choice to which of the fates – human or elvish – he wants to be counted have their meanings and consequences for the complete works of Tolkien.
But firstly I only intend to gather information about the development of the character of Elrond without further interpretation which might be worth another article. This article should be considered as a help for further studies or even as a pool of ideas for fan-fiction authors.
Who is Elrond?
The main source for a characterization of Elrond is the Lord of the Rings and the appendices where Elrond the Halfelven is introduced as lord of Imladris (Rivendell), Master Elrond, Elrond Peredhil. From the time tables in the appendices we learn about the Second and Third Age and the main dates for Elrond's life. Furthermore there are several hints or even tales about him in the Appendices and the novel itself.
I would like to begin with a summary of the impression that is given in the Hobbit – even if this novel had been written at a time when Tolkien had not yet thought of a continuation of the story. Though it was revised several times after its first publishing the Hobbit cannot be a reliable reference for any aspect in the Lord of the Rings, but the short characterization of Elrond will hardly change in the later Lord of the Rings.
When Bilbo Baggins, on his way to Erebor comes to Rivendell, this hidden valley is described to him as "the Last Homely House" – the last refuge of the elves in Middle-Earth. Its inhabitants are said to have elves and the old heroes of the north as ancestors:
Elrond is immortal and when Bilbo visits him for the first time he is already so old that as an eyewitness he is able to tell about events that are known to the visitors as ancient legends only. And Elrond alone is able to explain the mysterious runes on their swords and the map of the dwarves. Bilbo and his companions leave Rivendell only reluctantly because
A further reflection of Elrond's person and history is not given in the Hobbit.
In the Lord of the Rings, published since 1954, which was intended to be a continuation of the Hobbit, Tolkien tried to work out further coherences between his mythology about his world, Arda, and the Hobbit.
For Elrond it means that his far-reaching family history and his fate are now specified but in the novel itself background information are given in hints and summarizing tales only; in the Appendices to the last book of the Lord of the Rings, published in 1955, and finally in the Silmarillion, published 1977, the stories concerning Elrond and his ancestors are extended.
The first time Elrond is described in the Lord of the Rings, "Many Meetings", we see him through the eyes of Frodo:
Bilbo gives further hints about Elrond in his song of Earendil, Elrond's father, and there are several short remarks about the absence of Elrond's sons, Elladan and Elrohir. When Elrond himself gives an account of the events of the Second Age, we get a more detailed impression of him: he does not only mention his parents and there descent but his position as herald of the former High-King Gil-galad during the Battle of Dagorlad in the Last Alliance. But only in the Appendices we read about Elrond's status as half-elven and the fates of his children, especially that of Arwen, his daughter.
In the Tale of Years in Appendix B historical dates and personal dates of Elrond and his family are listed and further information are given to which I will come back later.
I. Elrond – the name
The languages Tolkien created have been alterated very often during his writing process and Christopher Tolkien states that it is hardly possible to exactly date those alterations. Tolkien did not intend to create an extensive vocabulary but the development of stems and basic syllables for deriving and deducing further words.
The more progress Tolkien made in his mythology and the more he changed it – rewriting it or writing it anew – he as well alterated the entries in the Etymologies (cf. HoMe V) as shift of meaning or script. With some chosen examples Christopher Tolkien concludes that the Etymologies may be dated to the same period as the Quenta Silmarillion – 1937/38 – with later additions of names taken from the Lord of the Rings.
The name 'Elrond' consists of the syllables el and rond that are axplained in the Etymologies as follows:
In a letter to Rhona Beare from 1958 Tolkien gives a slightly different explanation for the names of the brothers Elrond and Elros:
The relation of the names to the stars remains but this explanation would imply that both children had had different names (i.e. 'mother-names' given to a child by his mother and not necessarily known by others; cf. HoMe X, Laws and Customs among the Eldar) before they had been found. But to no time is mentioned that the sons of Feanor knew about such names – and Tolkien did never again use this explanation.
This quotation is found very often in several online-encyclopedias as the only explanation of the names. But what is very often not considered is that Rhona Beare was an enthusiastic reader and writing to Tolkien and asking a lot of questions to the Lord of the Rings. One of them said:
In his answer Tolkien gives an overview on the languages and explains the syllables as quoted from the Etymologies. In no other of his texts Tolkien ever mentions the explanation of names he gives to Rhona Beare again, but until his death he never gave up his working on names and their meanings.
In his essay Quendi and Eldar of 1959/60 the meaning of el remains connected to the stars in Quenya, Telerin and Sindarin; for rond he states for Quenya and Sindarin "a vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside)" (HoMe XI, p. 414). In the Shibboleth of Feanor (HoMe XII) and in the essay The Problem of ROS (HoMe XII) he relates the names Elrond and Elros to that of their mother Elwing and her memories of the halls of Menegroth with their roofs decorated with gems and silver as she had seen it in Valinor.
In a much later letter from 1972 to Meriel Thurston Tolkien again translates the name Elrond as "the vault of stars". This suggests that the meaning of the syllable rond as the place where the children had been found was not further traced by Tolkien. The final translation of the name as "Star dome" is not least the connection between the mythology and the Lord of the Rings with the character Elrond as link from the age of his parents to the following age. Furthermore I see a difference between his again and again reflected writing process concerning his mythology and letters to fans as Rhona Beare who want to know as many details as possible. Tolkien was very well aware of the enthusiasm of his readers and often enough tried to respond to it, but it is important to consider those information as quoted above carefully as especially this one is never mentioned again.
In the later Annals of Beleriand (between 1930 and 1937, HoMe V) Elrond is given the epithet "Beringol". This name does not occur again in later texts, but in the Etymologies we find for the syllable PER the entry "Peringol = Half-elf". In the Quenta Silmarillion, presumably written at the same time as the Annals of Beleriand, those elves who did not go into the western lands with the other elven people were called 'Pereldar' (half-elven); they went south and were not counted to the Eldar. In the Appendices of the Lord of the Rings Elrond and Elros are called "Peredhil", but with a completely different background of meaning: the partly human/mortal blood in this lineage.
II. Elros – the brother
In the Sketch of the Mythology (1926-30, HoMe IV) and as well in the earlier version of the Annals of Beleriand of the same period Elrond appears the first time; here he is the only son of Elwing and Earendil[2]. Because of the origin of his parents Elrond is of elven blood as well as of human blood[3]. When the sons of Feanor attack the settlements at the Mouths of Sirion, the child Elrond is left behind by his parents (Earendil is out on the sea, Elwing casts herself into the water) and is rescued by Maidros.
A revised and enhanced version of this text from 1930 Tolkien called The Quenta (Quenta Noldorinwa) and in the changed second version of it Elros appears the first time as the brother of Elrond. A reason for the invention of this new character may be seen in the growing complexity of the mythology and in Tolkien's interest in the discrepancy of mortality and immortality[4]. He still had not thoroughly worked out the fate of the half-elvens – mortal or immortal – but during the parallel composition of the Númenór-legend Tolkien came back to it repeatedly.
In the Quenta both children are rescued after the attack not by Maidros but by his brother Maglor. Maglor appears less ruthless and smug, as he was "sick and weary with the burden of the dreadful oath" (HoMe IV, pp. 153/155). The children are then raised by Maglor "[…] and he cherished them, and love grew after between them, as little might be thought […]" (HoMe IV, pp. 151ff).
In the text The Fall of Númenór (HoMe V), written in 1937/38, the story is set much later than the occurences at the Mouths of Sirion and Elrond is mentioned as counsellor of King Amroth who ruled over the remaining parts of former Beleriand and who was in later texts substituted by Elendil. Here as well Elrond is the only child of Elwing and Earendil and there is no hint of a founder king of the Númenóreans. Only when Tolkien had written the legend of Númenór in rough sketches, he added Elros as the brother of Elrond in the Quenta – so these stories were composed at the same time and caused mutual changes.
Regarding the commentary of Christopher Tolkien Elrond may indeed be taken as a leader of elves who faught in alliance with Amroth against Thû and defeated him – the last support of the elves to men in the mortal world.
A revision of the text follows quickly and shows Elrond as the founder king of Númenór who was elected by the Valar and elves because of his descent, and so a special grace was given to this folk.
In further versions of the Númenór-texts Gil-galad finally becomes King over the elves still remaining in Middle-Earth, and Elrond is substituted by Elros as founder king – the story is worked out in the Quenta Silmarillion at the end of the 1930es. Some notes of Tolkien himself refer to his simultaneous work on The Lord of the Rings which was to take many more years, and at that moment it was not decided, if Elrond would go to Númenór together with his brother or not (HoMe V, p. 34)
When Elros first appears in the Quenta, the brothers being twins is not yet decided, but in the later Annals of Beleriand a note of Tolkien speaks of the "twin brethren Elrond and Elros" (HoMe V, p. 152). The order of the names Tolkien at least changed intentionally to "Elros and Elrond" – so it may be taken as fact that Elros is the firstborn of the twins.
In adding Elros as the brother of Elrond with the same family background but another decision about his fate – elvish or human – Tolkein tried to solve the problem of the halfelven-lines and to round up the story that precedes the story of The Lord of the Rings. Important for these developments is the choice of Elros and Elrond to which fate they want to be counted.
III. Choice Elf – Man
In the Sketch of the Mythology the possible choice of Elrond for either his elvish or human descent is mentioned the first time: when the elves go back to Valinor, Elrond "bound by his mortal half (...)[decides] to stay on earth" (HoMe IV, p. 38). His connection to mankind seems to dominate and the meaning of his choice is important for men: because of him the elven blood remains in mankind "and is seen yet in valour and in beauty and in poetry". (HoMe IV, p. 38)
It is remarkable here that there seems to be a connection between the choice of fate and the choice for the place of living: through his mortal half Elrond is bound to Middle-Earth while the immortal elves sail to Aman, the Undying Lands. In The Lord of the Rings Elrond elects the fate of the elves and with it immortality, but (for the moment) he remains in Middle-Earth.
In the first version of the Quenta this possibility of choice has a further and strange meaning:
When the Valar come to Middle-Earth and Beleriand is destroyed, Fionwe gathers the remaining elves to go with him to Valinor. And this offer is extended to the descendants of the mortal men Hador and Beor who have stayed truthful to the elves but of whom only Elrond[5] is left.
It is not clear if this offer is meant for the direct descendants of Hador and Beor because only in this line there had been halfelvens und Elrond was the last of them. Or if it might be an offer to other descendants of these two to end their mortal days in Valinor.
In the revised version of the Quenta this reason for the choice does not occur again but a first hint is given, that together with Elrond there are many other elves remaining in Middle-Earth:
Yet not all would forsake the Outer Lands where they had long suffered and long dwelt; and some lingered many an age in the West and North, and especially in the western isles and the lands of Leithien. And among these were Maglor as has been told; and with him Elrond the Half-elfin (…) (HoMe IV, p. 162)
Elros as the brother does not appear yet and at last Elrond lives among men again and establishes "the seed divine of Valinor" in the people of men.
In the second version of the Númenor-legend Tolkien again describes the lineage of Elrond who is elected by Valar and elves to be king of Númenor and states:
So the gift of mortality to mankind cannot be given back and remains valid for all further descendants which means it is hereditary. Immortality here seems to be a basic principle and can only be changed by Ilúvatar himself with the gift of mortality which is not possible vice versa. Once achieved mortality is irreversible: though Elrond's descent includes elves, Maiar and men (the only mortal beings here), human mortality seems to have more weight than immortality. In this text Tolkien does not mention a voluntary choice of Elrond but Valar and elves decide his fate as he is bound to mortality.
But still the idea of a possible choice and a decision between mortality and immortality remains inconsistent: Earendil and Elwing as halfelves are not bound to mortality and Tuor who is human, goes with his elvish wife Idril to Valinor, into the Undying Lands where only elves and Valar live.
In the further versions of the Númenor-texts and the Quenta Silmarillion Elrond is finally replaced by Elros and now the subject of the choice can be much better picked out as a central theme.
In HoMe IX there is a third version of the Fall of Númenor, probably written in the early forties, with another information to the choice of Elrond:
This sentence stands in contrary to the information in Appendix A of the Lord of the Rings where the choice of the brethren was irrevocable. According to Christopher Tolkien's notes this sentence does not occur again later. The choice of Elrond is taken over literally in the Akallabêth (its last version may be dated around 1958) but without the above cited addition.
When Tolkien was finishing his Lord of the Rings in the early 1950s he fell back again on his manuscript of the Quenta Silmarillion of the 1930s. In the last version of this text "Elrond Halfelven" finally decides – "as was grantet to him" – (HoMe V, p. 332) to be counted among the Eldar while Elros decides to be counted among men.
During his work on The Lord of the Rings the earlier changes concerning Elrond are mostly completed. In the early phase of the work Elrond (similar to his presentation in the Hobbit) already appears as the wise Lord of Rivendell, mighty, advising, with healing skills and a deep knowledge of the historical events and their relations to each other.
The fact that Tolkien lets Elrond and Elros take a different choice seems to result from the ongoing work on the Lord of the Rings and the necessity to conlcude the strands of the former age: both are halfelven and unite in themselves the same parts of men and elves. With the addition of Elros and his role as founder king this unit is split up and the inheritance of two peoples is given to two men. And this division is reunited in the marriage between Aragorn, a descendant of Elros, and Arwen, the daughter of Elrond. Their descendants are considered as men – and mortal.
The dates concerning Elrond and Elros for the Second and Third Age may be taken from the Appendices in The Lord of the Rings (I refer to the personal dates of Elrond only). These dates have been changed repeatedly until they became final in the Appendices.
The First Age is listed in the Tale of Years in HoMe XI (an exact dating of this text is difficult as Tolkien was working on them at the same time as he was writing on the mythology and the Lord of the Rings. A draft of the Tales can be dated to 1951/52 but has undergone further changes given in brackets.)
Final remark
I did take great care in avoiding mistakes but whenever you find any please do not hesitate to contact me either on my homepage www.elenarda.de or via eMail firstname.lastname@example.com . I am always greatful for any comments, reviews, criticisms.
Copyright Stephanie Dorer, June, 2004
J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit or there and Back again, ill. Alan Lee, Houghton Mifflin/New York 1997 (Ho)
J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, ill. Alan Lee, Houghton Mifflin/New York 1993 (LotR)
J.R.R. Tolkien, The Silmarillion, Ed. C. Tolkien, HarperCollins/London 1999 (S)
The History of Middle-Earth, Ed. C. Tolkien: (HoMe)
Volume VI: The Shaping of Middle-Earth, HarperCollines/London 2002
Volume V: The Lost Road and other Writings, HarperCollines/London 2002
Volume VI: The Return of the Shadow, HarperCollines/London 2002
Volume VII: The Treason of Isengard, HarperCollines/London 2002
Volume VIII: The War of the Ring, HarperCollines/London 2002
Volume IX: Sauron Defeated, HarperCollines/London 2002
Volume X: Morgoth's Ring, HarperCollins/London 2002
Volume XI: The War of the Jewels, HarperCollines/London 2002
Volume XII: The Peoples of Middle-Earth, HarperCollines/London 2002
Tom Shippey, J.R.R. Tolkien – Autor des Jahrhunderts, Tr.. Wolfgang Krege, Klett-Cotta/Stuttgart 2002
The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Ed. H. Carpenter/C. Tolkien, HarperCollins/London 1995 (Letters)
[1] Noldorin was the language of the Noldor in exile, coming from Valinor; Ilkorin is the 'Beleriandic'. For more information cf. The Lhammas and Etymologies in HoMe V.
[2] For the sake of simplicity I use the spelling 'Earendil' as given in the Silmarillion, not the older form 'Earendel'.
[3] Cf. Family tree.
[4] Cf. Tom Shippey, p. 320f.
[5] Cf. Family Tree


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> hey anon, wanna give your opinion?
2 new threads. 1 new replies.
#487 - thejonman **User deleted account**
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**thejonman rolled user kesolukt ** hey hello gorgeous, how bout i take you to dinner tonight

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Now Presenting Kim Kardashian's Bare Baby Bump
And Ray J's new song, "I Hit It First."
Following her emancipation from high-waisted, animal-print trousers with a built-in peplum — and the like — Kim Kardashian posted photographs of her bare baby bump on Instagram. Sure, the six-months-pregnant E! star is spackled with makeup, and her hand-on-hip plus popped-knee stance makes our loins feel like KimyEmbryo might fall out (click on the plus sign to see the full pics). But an unnamed confidant told Us Weekly that Kim is "finally accepting her body and getting more comfortable," and for that, we commend her.
In related news, portions of "I Hit It First," a new track by Kim's past home video collaborator Ray J, leaked online over the weekend. Lyrics include:
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Set to music:
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Father: Samuel Emanuel Winger , Rev. D7237 b: 3 DEC 1850
Mother: Eva F. Clyde b: ABT 1850
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Michigan Women Will Join Stacked ALC
from press release
The American Lacrosse Conference has accepted Michigan as a member of the conference, effective immediately, according to ALC Commissioner Peggy Pruitt. The addition of Michigan gives the conference seven teams, including four whose primary affiliation is the Big Ten.
Michigan joins Northwestern, Penn State, and Ohio State as well as Florida, Vanderbilt, and Johns Hopkins in the league, which just completed its tenth year of existence.
"I am excited about the addition of the University of Michigan into the ALC," said Dr. Peggy Pruitt, Commissioner of the ALC. "The institution brings a reputation of excellence in academics and athletics into a group of equally excellent institutions."
"The American Lacrosse Conference has a history of producing national champions, and we are proud to become its seventh member," said Michigan Athletic Director Dave Brandon. "This will be a great opportunity for our program to play in one of the top lacrosse leagues in the country."
The American Lacrosse Conference is a lacrosse-only conference that was formed in 2001 as a means to provide more opportunities for the student-athletes at their respective institutions. In 2002 the ALC sponsored its first season, with Vanderbilt winning the league title.
In 2004 the ALC received an automatic qualifying berth to the NCAA championships for the first time.
In June of 2006 Florida announced it would be elevating women's lacrosse to a varsity sport for the 2010 season, and in October of 2006, the Gators joined the ALC. Later that year the conference approved a tournament format and 2007 marked the first ALC post-season tournament.
The league has boasted the top conference RPI in seven of the 10 years of competition, a testament to the depth of the conference. Student-athletes at the ALC institutions have consistently been recognized on a national scale, with six of the last six of the last seven Honda Award honorees coming from an ALC school.
The ALC has produced six of the last seven national champions (all Northwestern), and in 2011, the conference set a national record with all six institutions ranked in the national poll.
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Excedrin Recall
AP. BASEL, Switzerland - Novartis is recallingsome bottles of Excedrin, NoDoz, Bufferin and Gas-X...
< Peace Talks in Progress
May 20, 2011 12:31
Category: General News
Category: General News
Former Chief of the IMF Released on Bail
NEW YORK (AP) - After nearly a week in jail, the former chief of the International Monetary Fund, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, could be released on bail today. He'll have to post $1 million cash. And he'll be under house arrest and closely monitored while awaiting trial for allegedly sexually assaulting a hotel maid


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text: Elegantly situated on the fringe of Erhai Lake, H6 Boutique Hotel is a peaceful seclusion overlooking Cangshan Mountain. Longkan Wharf is 0.7 miles away. Guests can enjoy the on-site bar. Erhai Gate is 2.2 miles from H6 Boutique Hotel, while Yu'er Park is 3.1 miles away. The nearest airport is Dali Airport, 7.5 miles from H6 Boutique Hotel. Each unit here is equipped with a flat-screen cable TV and air conditioning. Slippers, a hairdryer and free toiletries are provided in all bathrooms attached. You can expect a lake view through the large window of each room. You may cycle around this picturesque place using the bikes for free. Luggage storage and safety deposit box are provided at the front desk. For guests in need, chargeable shuttle service is available upon request.


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March 10, 2009
In efforts to close existing and future budget gaps, New York has dramatically increased current and proposed assessments and taxes on insurers far in excess of equitable and appropriate levels. In recognition of recent developments having serious implications for both New York domestic companies as well as companies domiciled outside New York that write in the state, NAMIC is urging all member companies writing in New York to contact legislators and the governor's office to express opposition to new taxes and assessments on insurers.
The New York Insurance Association, a NAMIC state advocacy partner, recently launched a full-scale grassroots campaign encouraging contact to government leaders by company executives, employees, agents, and policyholders. Information regarding the campaign can be accessed at NYIA's website at www.nyia.org.
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NAMIC encourages member companies doing business in New York to incorporate these points in communications with policymakers as well as company-specific information regarding the impact of new taxes and assessments.
Potential points of contact are many. Contact information for the governor, superintendent of insurance, and the chairs of the Senate Insurance Committee and Assembly Insurance Committee appear below. In addition, the Senate has established a special website to gather input on the budget process at http://www.senate.state.ny.us/sws/budgetideas/index.htm.
Gov. David A. Paterson
State Capitol
Albany, NY 12224
Fax: (518) 474-8390
Superintendent of Insurance Eric R. Dinallo
25 Beaver Street
New York, NY 10004
Senate Insurance Committee Chairman Neil Breslin
502 State Capitol
Albany, NY 12224
Assembly Insurance Committee Chairman Joseph D. Morelle
Legislative Office Building 716
Albany, NY 12248
Direct questions and comments to NAMIC State Affairs Manager Paul Tetrault.
Posted: Tuesday, March 10, 2009 12:00:00 AM. Modified: Wednesday, March 11, 2009 9:23:57 AM.
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text: Looking a home for rent in Calgary? RentZa is a best platform to start searching for your new Calgary house rentals. When you browse Calgary houses for rent on Rentza, it's easy to narrow down your search by comparing prices, amenities, locality etc. List your Calgary home for rent with Rentza and receive great response of potential renters on your listing.Read more »


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Was The Google Mayday Update A Complete Failure Then?
Posted on June 11th, 2010 at 10:52 am by Michael VanDeMar under blogthropology, Cuttisms, Google, lackofmeds, search engines, SEO
Earlier this week at SMX Advanced Seattle, during the You&A With Matt Cutts, the topic of the latest Google update, dubbed Mayday by webmaster last month, happened to come up. According to Ryan Jones' live blogging account of the SMX Keynote the update had nothing to do with the web spam team. It was an algorithmic change that was intended to "make long tail results more useful". Matt made statements in effect telling webmasters who might have been affected by MayDay that they should look at their content and see how usefulness or unique content could be added to those pages. This indicates that the point of the Mayday update was to filter out or penalize results that are not unique content, or that are simply autogenerated results.
Matt made similar statements when he was interviewed by WebProNews and the topic came up:
How do I make sure that I am returning the highest quality content, stuff that's really useful for users, whether it's editorial discretion, unique content user generated content, you know, stuff that's not available anywhere else, versus just something that's scraped, or duplicate, or really kind of lower quality. – Matt Cutts, explaining how not to get penalized by the Mayday Update
During the keynote, in response to Matt's explanation of what Mayday was supposed to accomplish Danny Sullivan indicated that he hopes that this update will help filter out results from content mills like Mahalo. Mahalo certainly sounds exactly like what Matt was describing, as I have written about in the past.
So, did the Mayday update actually accomplish filtering out this "low quality" content from the search results? I went back and checked some of Jason Calacanis' spam pages on Mahalo that I had blogged about in the past. Unsurprisingly enough, most of the pages I checked were still ranking just fine in Google. What was slightly unexpected, however, was what the listing looked like for one of them, [need for speed walkthrough]:
Notice the lack of a snippet for that listing in the search results? That is because due to my earlier write-ups about Mahalo and Google, in an attempt to keep up appearances with Matt Cutts, Jason had the team move a bunch of the pages that I wrote about into a directory named /stub, and then blocked that directory via robots.txt. When Google encounters blocked content that has enough link juice it lists those pages, like you see here, as url-only. What Google usually doesn't do, however, is actually rank those pages well in the search results.
Thinking that maybe it was a fluke, and that perhaps that particular listing just had some extra ranking power because I had blogged about it before and therefore it gained a few extra links, I delved further. This is just a sampling of what I found:
[fallen angel walkthrough] (#4)
[jack keane walkthrough] (#7)
[how to plan thanksgiving dinner] (#7)
[allheart coupons] (#11)
[adult friend finder coupons] (#1)
This is a page with 0 (as in none, nil, nadda, zilch) spiderable content, yet Google has deemed it worthy of ranking it #1, above every other page in the index that matches that phrase. Every.Single.One. We're given the company line telling webmasters that in order to succeed in ranking in Google one must focus on "quality" and "unique" content, yet Google decides to give Mahalo a golden ticket for pages they can't even see?
Hm. Maybe the key is that if you want your duplicate, low quality, spammy content ranked then all you have to do is block it with robots.txt…?
Obviously that is not the case, and anyone who understands at all about how these things work will recognize that statement as ludicrous… but just to be sure, let's look at some of the non-blocked content Mahalo pages are currently ranking for:
[julmust] (#7)
[The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook] (#11)
These Mahalo pages being returned are both examples of the many pages on Mahalo.com that are nothing more than content scraped directly from Wikipedia:
Note also that Wikipedia identifies some of their content as being "stubs" (the Alice B Toklas Cookbook page has a mere 261 words of content, including numbers and "a", "and", and "the"), but Mahalo is fine with presenting that exact same content as non-stub for whatever reason.
So, Danny, sorry… it looks as if Google did not achieve what it reportedly wanted to do with this latest update. It looks like both the low quality and completely duplicate (or even non-existant) content on Mahalo.com continues to rank. Maybe next time.Enjoyed what you read here? Subscribe to my feed.
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32 Responses to "Was The Google Mayday Update A Complete Failure Then?"
SEO Mofo Says:
June 11th, 2010 at 3:10 pm
Perhaps this will shine some light on this situation:
Michael VanDeMar Says:
June 11th, 2010 at 3:27 pm
Darren, I seriously doubt that the page ranks #1 because it used to have weak content on it that is now blocked. In fact, if that is the reason that makes it even worse… the former content that Google could see was exactly what the Mayday update was supposed to be dealing with.
SEO Mofo Says:
June 11th, 2010 at 4:41 pm
That's not exactly what I was getting at. Let me explain in more detail.
The link in my previous comment reveals 2 things:
1. Mahalo is the only result for that exact sentence. To us, it's shitty content, but to Google, it's unique content.
2. The URL, http://www.mahalo.com/adult-friend-finder-coupons, is still indexed and has a snippet, so we know it's been crawled and Google still has that data somewhere. This URL 301's to http://www.mahalo.com/stub/adu.....er-coupons, and as a result, it's entirely feasible for Google to aggregate the keyword relevance data for both URLs into a single "{docID}."
It would be a lot easier to check this theory if http://www.mahalo.com/adult-friend-finder-coupons were cached. Without that, I'm not sure how to prove this theory.
SEO Mofo Says:
June 11th, 2010 at 4:43 pm
Oh, and one more thing…
Both URLs return a PR of 2.
Michael VanDeMar Says:
June 11th, 2010 at 5:03 pm
That is because both urls are being considered the same as far as PageRank goes, that's one of the effects of a 301 redirect. And Darren, I understood what you were saying the first time just fine. Minus stop- and less-than-three-character words, there are 80 words in that article. There are tweets with more (and frankly, higher quality) content then that page. To suggest that maybe Google is ranking that page due to it's former "unique" content that has been pushed to the supplementals and effectively de-indexed is somewhat silly.
JamestheJust on Elance Says:
June 11th, 2010 at 10:24 pm
I found this off a tweet from Aaron Wall, and in following the thread I'm wondering (not to be obstreperous) if Michael VanDeMar has another theory?
I'm incredibly new to this whole game, so I'm seriously curious what you're thinking by way of a theory to the madness if SEO MoFo (great name!) was wrong.
Search Geek Challenges – Google, Mayday, and Sniffing Google IP Addresses | DazzlinDonna Says:
June 12th, 2010 at 7:38 am
[…] UPDATE: Since I wrote this post, Matt Cutts of Google admitted that Mayday was an algo change targeted at serving up better long-tail results. It's been implied that this was aimed at dealing with content farms such as Mahalo that rank well for autogenerated and scraped pages. For a different viewpoint and links to some more interesting posts on the subject, read Was The Google MayDay Update A Complete Failure Then?. […]
Nevil Darukhanawala Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 12:04 am
Its a slap in the face for people who take the effort to write good original content. Should we turn the other cheek now?
Al Sefati Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 12:49 am
OMG you nailed it. I saw a couple of my clients who had content heavy website lost quite a bit of traffic and ranking. At first I thought it was maybe because of Aggressive link building but more and more I am seeing is that their content may have got them in trouble.
It is really crazy how Google keeps saying "focus on having good content geared toward user" and then penalized sites with having rich content.
Did Google Get it Wrong with Mayday Algorithm Update? | Alireza Sefati Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 12:52 am
[…] they make huge changes where it is fairly significant and observable. I came across this article, Was The Google Mayday Update A Complete Failure Then?, they pointed out something that I had also seen with one of my […]
Al Sefati Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 12:53 am
btw it was a great article I send you a link from my blog…keep up the good work 🙂
BuzzRaid Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 8:29 am
Mahalo generates the pages based on an algorithm looking at Google Trends, etc. They didn't just stop Mahalo either as numerous scraper sites who scraped my content still rank when you look up the title of articles on my website. I think Google is wrong attacking many long-term phrases but instead should put an even greater emphasis on unique content.
andy moss Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 10:19 am
It seems that comparison shopping engines came out unscathed. I know we are continuing to get more traffic than ever before after the may day update
Josh Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 11:23 am
Really interesting article, I have seen many sites with low or duplicate content also rank higher during these changes for long tail results.
Eli Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 12:47 pm
I came across this article today. This is great. We lost a lot of traffic in May and our ranking getting worse. We have a content heavy website and now we are getting beat by our competition that has less than 10 pages with almost no significant content. I am not sure what is google thinking!
Pixelrage Says:
June 14th, 2010 at 4:18 pm
How about all of the Yellowpages.com, Citysearch.com, etc clones? Do we really need all of SERP page 1 for a local business query to throw up 10+ nearly duplicate pages, which have nothing more than the same street address & phone number (if that much)? I see that hasn't changed whatsoever with the recent G update. Most of these pages are scraping content as well…many sources feed directly from YP and Citysearch, in a similar way that Mahalo leeches from Wikipedia.
Follow that money Says:
June 15th, 2010 at 1:00 am
I saw the CEO of Demand Media say that they are getting more longtail traffic since the update.
Eli says: "We have a content heavy website and now we are getting beat by our competition that has less than 10 pages with almost no significant content. I am not sure what is google thinking!"
Eli, who owns the site competing with you? Demand Media doing better, Mahalo unchanged… I think the key to understanding this update is to follow the money. Who has financial ties to Google, either by paying them millions a month –I couldn't help but notice a certain site in the jewelry niche that spends over a million a month on adwords is suddenly ranking again for practically every competitive jewelry and diamond keyterm–or partnering with them in some other way. Thinking that sites part of the premium adsense plan (which allows you to put more adsense units on the page than the average person) might be getting a boost.
We already know if you have the RIGHT venture capital you can get away with murder. Everything gets tied together. If Demand Media buys a content site that Sequoia (basically Google*) invested in, then Sequoia and Google suddenly have even more a vested interest in propping this site up.
*Google is Sequoia's biggest money maker year after year, and the amount of money that Sequoia makes from Google is extremely disproportionate to its other investments.
If you've got the money, honey. I'm not one to usually be too into these theories, but when I see sites ranking that shouldn't be, I can't help but look at the public money trial.
Gwen Says:
June 15th, 2010 at 10:55 am
Google does get it wrong a lot. They most likely will tweak it a bit to fix it. If not, they will pull it quietly all together.
Weekly Search & Social News: 06/15/2010 | Search Engine Journal Says:
June 15th, 2010 at 11:06 am
[…] Was The Google Mayday Update A Complete Failure Then? – while I wouldn't go as far as calling things a 'failure' because of this, it is nice to see that Michael is still busting Mahalo's balls. Lol… we need to put some dosh together to help with his therapy costs (surely they've driven him to teh edge by now). […]
This and That – 18ter Juni 2K10 | Suchmaschinen Blog vom Bösen Seo Says:
June 18th, 2010 at 5:04 am
[…] Passend zum Thema Mehrwert im Index. Smackdown hat sich die doch etwas zweifelhafte "menschliche Suchmaschine" Mahalo angesehen und […]
TwentySomething Says:
June 18th, 2010 at 9:44 am
Most of the SERPs linked in this article seem to be changing for the better.
Well, not better for mahalo.
Beat Google's Mayday Mayhem With Your More Tag Says:
June 20th, 2010 at 3:59 am
[…] Was The Google Mayday Update A Complete Failure Then? | Smackdown! […]
A Turning Point In The Field Of SEO Says:
June 21st, 2010 at 5:01 am
[…] everything. Sites are getting faster, or they need to be. Mayday is hammering long tail spam (or at least attempting to). Caffeine can index content almost immediately during the crawl. The reasoning behind the Bosom […]
vincent Ammirato Says:
June 21st, 2010 at 12:14 pm
@TwentySomething – I don't see that. I checked the article's links to the SERPS and saw Mahalo was actually climbing.
Gab Goldenberg Says:
June 21st, 2010 at 1:49 pm
Fascinating expose Michael! Two possible threads for further investigation:
1) Trust of sites involved. Mahalo, with Jason's PR, obviously gets high [algorithmic] trust. [I get that it's humanly not trustworthy.]
2) What the difference was on balance. Perhaps there's less total Mahalo crap ranking? Eg from 200K URLs to 100K?..
Google Mayday Update and SERP Changes for June 2010 | JR's Internet Marketing Strategies Says:
June 22nd, 2010 at 10:17 am
[…] Was the Google Update a Complete Failure? […]
Ross Dunn Says:
June 22nd, 2010 at 12:05 pm
LOL, OMG thank you for this! It was a serious spirit-raiser to see so much evidence that Mahalo has still got an inexplicable edge on Google. Keep it up!!
Friday Link Love: 1 Day Until DrupalCamp Colorado! — White Hat, Black Belt Says:
June 25th, 2010 at 11:52 am
[…] Mike didn't include a summary this week of his favorite article. Instead, he just sent over this: Fluffykins = […]
Richard Cummings Says:
August 21st, 2010 at 7:03 am
Finally, some hard core analysis of Mayday. I like it…and the results do seem to suggest that Mayday did not achieve its objective…at least in this instance.
Florian Says:
October 9th, 2010 at 4:53 pm
Really interesting, I always wondered why some stuff I have been monitoring didn't take a dive after the Mayday Update, but this explains much…let's see how fast Google will solve this.
How Matt Cutts Leveraged The Stack Overflow And Hacker News Communities In Redefining The Phrase "Content Farms" | Smackdown! Says:
January 31st, 2011 at 6:31 pm
[…] sites, and many people thought he must be talking about content farms back then, but alas that turned out to be a bust. So when he comes right out and says, hey, you've waited long enough, now we're going […]
chatterb0tX Says:
June 21st, 2012 at 7:20 am
@ follow the money
spot on! that's really all you have to do anymore is follow the money.
evidence is overwhelming at this point in time, and not just about those 2 sites, but many many other interesting connections out there.
lets be honest – this is a company who for so long, has had a "get rich quick" category for their "advertisers"
that is evidence enough that they care only about money, and do not care about their users or search results.
i wander how much was spent in adwords by such famous ponzi scams like 12dailypro and studiotraffic?


text:
Yolo County YMCA
Welcome to Yolo County YMCA
Yolo County YMCA enriches kids, adults, families and communities through health & well-being, camps, youth sports, child care and more...for people of all ages and abilities. Yolo County YMCA is more than just a gym. At the Y, we help inspire all to a healthy life - in spirit, mind, and body.
Everyone is welcome at the Y. The YMCA is a nonprofit organization dedicated to building healthy, confident, connected and secure children, adults, families, and communities. At the Y, our goal is that everyone, regardless of age, income or background, has the opportunity to learn, grow and thrive.


text:
Actor Song Joong Gi said he would say yes to Moon Chae Won.
On the Saturday episode of KBS's "Entertainment Report," they revealed the behind-the-scenes of the KBS drama "The Innocent Man."
Song Joong Gi plays Kang Ma Ru and about his character he said, "I thought he was the worst when he broke up with her by the seaside. Ma Ru isn't really a good guy. He's maybe 70% good and 30% bad but that's the only way you can approach it with a unique perspective."
He continued, "Many people are jealous because I get to have kiss scenes but it's really embarrassing but if someone like Chae Won approaches me in real life, I think I would say yes."-kdramastar
i can't see where's the difference between them and a real couple.. :)


text:
DAMASCUS- Syrian Authorities release the Political Activist Haitham al-Maleh on Tuesday, just one day after President al-Assad issued a legislative decree granting general amnesty for the crimes committed before March 7, 2011.
Haitham Al-Maleh was born in Damascus, Syria in 1931 and has worked as a lawyer since the early 1950s. He was a judge from 1957 and 1966, and in 2001 established the Human Rights Association in Syria.
Mr. Al-Maleh has dedicated his life to advancing democratic and constitutional principles, fighting for the independence of the Syrian judiciary. These efforts garnered him the Best Human Rights Activist of the Year Award in 2002 from the Arab Program for Human Rights Activists in Cairo, and the Guezen Medal presented by the Netherlands in 2006. Despite international recognition, however, Mr. Al-Maleh's work has been personally costly, leading to his arrest several times since 1951 for such charges as "having insulted the president."


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Enter your Email address:
Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed
to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without
your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy.
Citrome, Lesliea; Cucchiaro, Josephineb; Sarma, Kaushikb; Phillips, Debrab; Silva, Robertb; Tsuchiya, Satorub; Loebel, Antonyb
The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Clinically stable adult outpatients with schizophrenia were randomized in a 2 : 1 ratio to 12 months of double-blind treatment with once-daily, flexibly-dosed lurasidone (40–120 mg) or risperidone (2–6 mg). Outcome measures included adverse events (AEs), vital signs, ECG, and laboratory tests. Secondary assessments included measures of psychopathology. A total of 427 patients were randomized to treatment with lurasidone and 202 with risperidone. The three most frequent AEs in the lurasidone group (vs. risperidone) were nausea (16.7 vs. 10.9%), insomnia (15.8 vs. 13.4%), and sedation (14.6 vs. 13.9%); the three most frequent AEs in the risperidone group (vs. lurasidone) were increased weight (19.8 vs. 9.3%), somnolence (17.8 vs. 13.6%), and headache (14.9 vs. 10.0%). A higher proportion of patients receiving risperidone had at least a 7% endpoint increase in weight (14 vs. 7%). The median endpoint change in prolactin was significantly higher for risperidone (P<0.001). A comparable improvement in efficacy measures was observed with both agents and the rates of relapse were similar. All-cause discontinuation rates were higher for lurasidone versus risperidone. Long-term treatment with lurasidone was generally well tolerated in this study, with minimal effects on weight and metabolic outcomes.
© 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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Tag Archives: Ruth Reichl
Berkeley's garlicky food revolution: Stories within stories
If it's true that "Garlic is as good as ten mothers," the title of Les Blank's 1980 film, my question is: why anyone would want ten mothers? For most people I know, and speaking for myself, one good mother was plenty. Evidently this is not the case with garlic, about which, for its fanatical fans, there is no such thing as too much.
So when Blank's cinematic homage to never-enough-garlic was screened on a recent Sunday at the Pacific Film Archive as part of a Les Blank retrospective, aging but loyal garlic-heads, including yours truly, showed up to marinate, yet again, in the stinking rose's aromatic magic.
When my Book of Garlic was published in 1974 under the nom de plume Lloyd J. Harris, it luckily caught Les Blank's eye (and nostrils). The book, which had been inspired by my brief stint as a waiter at Chez Panisse during its first hectic days in 1971, proclaimed a garlic revolution in America and popularized the ancient Roman word for garlic, "stinking rose." … Continue reading »
Chez Panisse's birthday kicks off with party to remember
Last night, Alice Waters launched the weekend-long fȇte for the restaurant she founded 40 years ago with a portrait unveiling and a food-inspired procession. Chez Panisse, the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery, and the art and food collective OPENrestaurant held a cocktail party Friday at the U.C. Berkeley Art Museum, where a portrait of Waters bound for The Smithsonian was revealed, marking the opening of several days of celebratory and fundraising activities.
"I just love that this portrait was … Continue reading »
That Ruth Reichl taco? We know where
The other day when former Gourmet editor Ruth Reichl swung through town on her way to a street food fair in Napa, she stopped in Berkeley for a scrumptious "lime-rich pork" taco.
Berkeleyside was abuzz with suggestions as to where she might have gone — Tacubaya, Gordo's, La Cascada perhaps?
It turns out she went to a taco truck of course. (Figures, given her destination, I guess.) Thanks to Berkeleyside tipster Hewn and Hammered, who asked the food … Continue reading »
Tagged Berkeley dining, Ruth Reichl
Ruth Reichl grabs a Berkeley bite
Ruth Reichl, the editor of the now defunct Gourmet Magazine, is on her way to Napa for a street food fest. But as she swung through Berkeley half an hour ago she found time to stop and grab something to eat — and to tweet about it:
Stopped in Berkeley for soft, spicy, lime-rich pork tacos to eat, messily, as I drove to Napa's Streetfood Conference. Covered in hotsauce.
So where did she go Berkeleyites? The Twittersphere … Continue reading »
Tagged Berkeley dining, Ruth Reichl, Twitter


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Queen Latifah is one of my favoritest people in the whole world. Like…I LOVE LOVE her. A lot. She is such a inspiration. Yes, I watch Living Single reruns every week. Yes, I have and love her jazz album. And yes I think U.N.I.T.Y. is STILL the jam.
For Superbowl XLIV, Queen rocked this look…
You can get these creamy shadow sticks for $9.99 where ever CoverGirl products are sold. Now the question is…do they work?
The Shadow Blast is supposed to help you achieve a colorful smoky eye by providing you with a lid and crease color. It fits right in your hand which makes for great on-the-go shadow touch-ups.
The concept is pretty simple. The light color (step 1) goes right on the lid and the darker color (step 2) goes in the crease and the lower lashline. It is illustrated beautiful on the packaging.
Step 1 of Purple Plume is a creamy pink that isn't as scary as I thought it would be.
You will have to use a blending brush to blend the two colors together for a flawless look. I finished the look with a a highlight, liner and mascara and…
CREASING! Creasing makes me cry. Seriously. It is the worst thing that can ever happen to eye shadow application. I think I would like the Shadow Blast more if it stayed on the lids longer. I have heavy lids and without a base, I crease beyond belief. So I'm not sure if I like Shadow Blast by itself.
But for touching up looks on the go? Perfecto!
Have you tried this yet?


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Edinburgh Military Tattoo 2016
For scale, no show in Edinburgh can rival the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo. Literally hundreds of performers, both from Scotland and bands and organisations from abroad, gather under the dramatic backdrop of Edinburgh Castle. The series of displays, which take place on the castle esplanade (an 18th century parade ground), combine breathtaking shows of military precision, often a battle re-enactment, military bands, traditional dancers, and a rousing finale of mass pipes and drums, topped by the lone piper playing from the castle battlements.
- 2015 Edinburgh Military Tattoo Review
- 2013 Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo Review
- 2011 Edinburgh Military Tattoo Review
The "ultimate crowd-pleaser", as former Edinburgh Lord Provost George Grubb called the Tattoo, sells out each year long before its Summer performances, with armies of people coming to Edinburgh by bus and coach each night during the Festival.
The Edinburgh Tattoo introduced a £16 million pound new grand stand in 2011. The new stand has 8,700 seats, with a third more space per seat than the former grand stand, which had been in commission since 1972.
Tattoo Programme
The theme of the 2015 Tattoo is East Meets West. As well as a major home contingent, the Tattoo draws on military bands and performers from across Europe, the Far East, Central and South America. Tattoo favourites, Switzerland's Top Secret Drum Corps, return with their stunning displays of military precision, drill and drumming. An essential component on the night is the rousing gathering of the Massed Pipes and Drums, among them The Royal Regiment of Scotland, and the Bands of Her Majesty's Royal Marines. The show's big bangs and fireworks display thunder across the Edinburgh night, particularly on Saturdays when the Tattoo holds an extended fireworks display.
The Tattoo draws to a close with the traditional lone piper playing from the castle ramparts.
Edinburgh Tattoo times
Monday - Friday: 9pm to 10.30pm
Saturday early show: 7.30pm to 9.00pm
Saturday evening show: 10.30pm to Midnight
Sunday: no performance
Edinburgh Tattoo 2015 tickets (website)
Ticket prices
£25 - £70 (prices depend on seat location, Saturday seats £2 extra)
Ticket sales dates
On sale online and telephone from 10am, 1st December 2015. From Tattoo Office on Monday 7th December, 10am.
N.B. Some half-price Tattoo tickets for the preview show (when the media are recording the performance) on sale on Monday 27th July.
* £5 booking fee per transaction


text:
Digimon Tamers (GN 1 of 4)
Title: Digimon Tamers
Volume: GN 1 / 4
Pages: 168
Distributor: Tokyopop
Release date: 2004-04-14
Suggested retail price: $9.99
Age rating: 13+
When three Digimon fans -- Rika, Henry, and our lead Takato -- suddenly find themselves with "real" Digimon, they discover a living creature under your care is far harder to deal with than a few pixels on your TV screen. The kids try to be Digimon 'Tamers,' aka Digimon caretakers, but they all seem to have different opinions on what that should entail. Rika thinks Digimon should fight, Henry thinks they should never fight, and Takato... seems to be somewhere in the middle.
Being a Tamer isn't just about believing one thing or another. It's about learning and adjusting for the good of everyone else. But they have a long way to go, and their problems are just beginning.
(added on 2012-06-07, modified on 2012-06-07)
- Encyclopedia information about Digimon (manga)


text:
Pay for Play
A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform
Publication Year: 2010
Published by: University of Illinois Press
Series: Sport and Society
Title Page, Copyright, Dedication
Table of Contents
Download PDF
pp. vii-viii
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pp. ix-xii
Woodrow Wilson, as an undergraduate at Princeton University in the 1880s, was an athletic "cheerleader" for his beloved Princeton Tigers. Later, when he was a professor of political economy at Wesleyan University, he helped coach the football team in its competition...
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pp. 1-7
A resort steamer, Lady of the Lake, lay on the calm waters of Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, on a fine day in August 1852, while the excited passengers listened to martial music of the Concord Mechanics Brass Band. They all awaited the beginning of competition...
1. Student-Controlled Athletics and Early Reform
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pp. 8-17
Walter Camp, often called the "Father of American Football," may have stated best the role students played in creating American intercollegiate athletics. "Neither the faculties nor other critics assisted in building the structure of college athletics," Camp noted, three years after completing his six-year football career at Yale, "it is...
2. Faculty, Faculty Athletic Committees, and Reform Efforts
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pp. 17-25
The Harvard Athletic Committee in 1889, with a strong faculty hand, stated: "We are entirely in accord with the effort made by the students of [Harvard] to reform college sports." The Committee anticipated "that they shall hereafter be played under rules which will limit participation in them to bona fide members of the University."1 This response...
3. Early Interinstitutional Reform Efforts
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pp. 25-33
Reform efforts by students, who created intercollegiate athletics, and those of athletic committees were not substantial in the latter years of the nineteenth century. The students who controlled athletics had a desire for equitable rules to create a level, competitive playing field, but they were little concerned with the influence athletics...
4. Presidents: Promoters of Reformers?
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pp. 34-41
The satirist and playwright George Ade wrote a popular comic play in 1904, The College Widow, catching the spirit of college presidents as promoters of intercollegiate athletics. "Do you know, Mr. Bolton," President Witherspoon of Atwater College said to the star Atwater football player, "this craze for pugilistic sports is demoralizing our...
5. Football, Progressive Reform, and the Creation of the NCAA
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pp. 42-51
"In view of the tragedy on Ohio Field today," New York University Chancellor Henry M. MacCracken telegraphed Charles W. Eliot, requesting that the Harvard president call "a meeting of university and college presidents to undertake the reform or abolition of football...
6. The NCAA: A Faculty Debating Society for Amateurism
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pp. 51-58
For its first half century, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) was principally a debating society for faculty representatives interested in amateur athletics. If the smaller schools that had founded the NCAA in December 1905 could have had their way, it would have been more than a debating society, but if it had been given...
7. The 1920s and the Carnegie Report on College Athletics
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pp. 59-70
Following America's entry into World War I, athletics in colleges had been reduced because of the war effort, but after the armistice there was a burst of sporting activity in the nation generally and most notably in intercollegiate athletics. In the colleges this included conducting the first national championships, increasing the hiring of professional...
8. Individual Presidential Reform: Gates Hutchins, and Bowman
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pp. 71-81
Though college presidents for eight decades had generally been unsuccessful in effecting reform that would reduce commercialism and professionalism in intercollegiate sport, some uncommon presidents attempted to do so at their own institutions. After all, with the...
9. Presidential Conference Reform: The 1930s Graham Plan Failure
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pp. 81-88
The three president-initiated institutional reforms could be considered failures, for none of the three had a lasting impact on reform at the regional or national level. President Frank Graham of the University of North Carolina, however, had plans to reform the Southern Conference, and later to take his reforms nationally, at the time university leaders Thomas S. Gates, Robert Maynard Hutchins, and John Bowman were...
10. The NCAA and the Sanity Code: A National Reform Gone Wrong
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pp. 88-98
The Sanity Code following World War II was to college athletic reform what President Woodrow Wilson's "War to End All Wars" was to world peace following World War I. Neither worked. As the naïveté of the leaders of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) led to the belief that all would be well with the passage of the Sanity Code in 1948, Wilson's...
11. Ivy League Presidential Reform
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pp. 99-108
Presidential reform had not succeeded in individual colleges in the 1930s, nor had the presidential reform Graham Plan met with success at the conference level. The national reform Sanity Code, undermined by a number of presidents specifically in the South, had died shortly...
12. Scandals and the ACE Reform Effort in the 1950s
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pp. 109-120
Not since the football crisis of 1905–6 had the nation experienced the need for intercollegiate athletic reform as it did during and after the scandalous year of 1951. Whereas the earlier crisis in football had been based upon brutality and questionable ethics under the existing football rules, the early 1950s crisis was the result of gambling...
13. Lowly Standards: Chaos in the Sports Yards
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pp. 121-131
The scandals of 1951 led to no long-term, meaningful reform in college athletics. This was not unexpected, for past history would indicate that governing boards, presidents, alumni, and students, though not faculty, preferred the professionalized and commercialized model that had developed over the previous century. That model for men's...
14. The Hanford Report, Rejected Reform, and Proposition 48
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pp. 131-140
In the same month the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) convention decided to remove all national academic requirements for athletes to participate as freshmen and throughout their college years, the January 1973 peace agreement was reached, theoretically ending the Vietnam...
15. Title IX and Governmental Reform in Women's Athletics
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pp. 141-150
Historically, reform generally originated within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), conferences, or individual institutions, but possibly the greatest reform in college athletics arose from federal legislation: Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972...
16. African Americans, Freshman Eligibility, and Forced Reform
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pp. 151-164
If the women's educational model was losing its impact during the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women's (AIAW's) decade-long control of women's sport, there was no comparable model for the participation of African Americans, men or women. While most collegiate...
17. Presidential Control, Minor Reform, and the Knight Commission
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pp. 164-175
While major reform came from outside the universities in the form of federal legislation and judicial decisions, big-time college presidents wanted a greater say in how athletics were run. College presidents, since the beginning of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), had a great deal of power to control the direction taken by intercollegiate...
18. NCAA Reorganization, the Board of Presidents' Reform, and the APR
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pp. 175-186
University presidents had not been the major leaders of reform after the creation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 1905, but by the end of the century they demanded more power within the NCAA. The presidents, though they had just been successful...
19. Faculty Reform Efforts: CARE, the Drake Group, and COIA
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pp. 187-197
University faculties for well over a century have generally been reticent to call for athletic reform, with some notable exceptions. Harvard and Princeton faculties in the 1880s decided they must do something to slow the dominance of intercollegiate athletics that was negatively influencing the education of their undergraduates. A Harvard athletic committee commented...
20. The Freshman Rule: A Nearly Forgotten Reform
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pp. 197-206
For much of the twentieth century, a nearly universal rule existed in American intercollegiate sport for men: the freshman ineligibility rule. However, when the first intercollegiate football game (a soccer-like match) took place between Princeton and Rutgers in 1869, the...
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pp. 207-212
Reform in college athletics has meant different things to different individuals. For instance, freshman eligibility when passed in the late 1960s and early 1970s was considered financial reform by some. To others, it was inane from an academic standpoint, for freshman ineligibility...
Intercollegiate Athletic Reform Timeline
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pp. 213-236
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pp. 237-284
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pp. 285-326
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pp. 327-356
About the Author, Further Reading, Publication Information
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p. 357
Print-ISBN-13: 9780252035876
Page Count: 360
Publication Year: 2010
Series Title: Sport and Society
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text: This is a native perennial plant that branches sparingly, and is up to 3½' tall. The alternate leaves are bipinnately or ternately compound, and tend to be aggregated toward the base of the plant. The basal leaves are up to 12" long and 6" across, while smaller leaves are sparsely distributed along the middle and upper portions of the stems. Sometimes there are minute stiff hairs at the base of the petioles where the compound leaves meet the stem. The leaflets have large blunt teeth, and often occur in pairs or triplets, with the terminal leaflets achieving the largest size. Each leaflet is up to 1" long and ½" across, lanceolate or ovate, and has wedge-shaped lower margins. The overall appearance of the leaves resembles Italian Parsley.


text:
Jordan Sherit has been talking for awhile about making a cut to the long list of offers.
Sherit keeps ND on the list
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This star rating is the opinion of the property owner only. A Self-Rated hotel has not been assessed by the AA or Visit Britain, whose official star ratings we use across LateRooms.com.
Jungara Bed and Breakfast4 Self rated
20-22 Robb Road, Redlynch, near Cairns, QLD 4870
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About the hotel
Cairns Bed and Breakfast "jungara" offers a peaceful, private and relaxing setting for you to enjoy your affordable spacious accommodation in a unique Australian colonial style homestead, surrounded by lush tropical rainforest mountains situated only 12 kms from Cairns city and a very short distance to bus stop, shopping centre, hotel, and restaurants with leisurely drives to the beaches and tablelands. Local knowledge from your hosts Kim and Marilyn will assure you have the latest information on tours, weather conditions, restaurants. We will help you plan your day tours to make your stay as enjoyable as possible, from snorkelling or diving the Great Barrier Reef to local tourist attractions such as Skyrail, Tjapukai, Kuranda Train as well as nature tours on the tablelands and around Cairns.
Jungara is the aboriginal name for the black bean tree grown in the lush tropical rainforest surrounding this cairns bed and breakfast, where you can hear the sounds of local kookaburras and cockatoos. "We'd love you to stay. . . " Kim and Marilyn
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For the 26th year in a row a Moose Jaw actor will be acting in one of the prairies most historically significant productions.
Wilfred Gayleard and Russ McKnight dressed for the Trial of Louis Riel. Submitted photograph
From May 6 to 9, Russ McKnight, will be acting in "The Trial of Louis Riel" a play that was written in 1967 and is based on actual court transcripts of the famous trial that took place in 1885. The RielCo Productions play has toured across Saskatchewan and Canada.
"It can be an emotionally filled play based on historical facts and significance," said McKnight. "One reason why it ends up being so popular is a few years ago Riel was officially recognized as a founding father of confederation and that has brought up more interest."
Out of the 28 roles in the production, McKnight has played 18 of the them throughout his nearly three decades acting in the play. He has played a defence lawyer, a priest, a doctor and the main general. However, this week he will be playing a storeowner.
Since he started acting in the play in 1989, McKnight never missed a performance until 2011 when he took a week off to perform in Rhubarb Productions musical, "The Sound of Music." Then in November of 2013, McKnight took a leave from performing for the second time. This time it was because of a near death experience that sent him to the hospital with high blood sugar.
"They took me to the hospital and they couldn't get a level on me at first, until finally they determined that my blood sugar was 58," he recalled. "They said they had never seen that. Normal is between four and seven."
Despite his recent health problems, McKnight is motivated to keep acting and has many reasons to continue.
"It's a challenge and keeps my mind active and the people are a lot of fun to be with — because I have been involved with theatre people most of my life I find a lot of the people involved with theatre to be more out going and confident," he said.
McKnight, who has 200 acting credits to his name and over 44 years of experience, will be performing at the MacKenzie Art Gallery at the T.C. Douglas Building. The show will host Canadian History students from across the prairie provinces. Regular season shows will begin on July 14 to Aug. 1, with tickets available at www.rielcoproductions.com or by calling 1-306-728-5728.
Those interested in acting in the production can contact Guy Michaud at 1-306-531-2693 or email@example.com
Nathan Frank can be reached at 306-691-1263.


text:
What Won't Destroy You, Makes You Stronger!
What Won't Destroy You, Makes You Stronger!
Ever heard the quote: "What won't destroy you will make you stronger" by Friedrich Neitzche? Well, sometimes I feel like I'm living proof.
I haven't shared my story with many people, however for you to truly understand how powerful the wisdom and inspiration of others can be, I think it's important that you hear it now.
You see, until 2 years ago my life was in turmoil. My second marriage had failed and was going through a very bitter divorce. Life was a war zone; full of squabbling, degrading comments and even sabotage.
And, as you can imagine, it wasn't long before the daily reminder of how useless, stupid and selfish I was, ripped apart my confidence and made me second guess every decision I had to make.
Now don't get me wrong, I realize that turmoil during a divorce, even the nastiest kind isn't unusual, but that's not the worst part!
The worst part was when I reread my journal and realized that I had spent 3 years of marriage with the very same complaints. You see, I was also married at 23 to a man 13 years my senior.
And, although we had made three beautiful children together, I was never really happy or lived life to its fullest.
Back then I had always attributed up my failure to immaturity and inexperience, but now almost 11 years later I was duplicating my life's failure. And I finally had to face the facts that I was the ONLY person I could blame; which was a hard pill to swallow that's for sure.
But, luckily for me, life seems to attract what we need the most, and I discovered some extremely powerful and influential self help books that helped me to balance my physical, mental, and spiritual life and successfully shift from a "work-style" into a "lifestyle".
So I'm going to tell you about four fabulous people that can help you get your life UNSTUCK!
They are very good at helping people clarify where they are and where they'd like to be. They have all helped me move my life forward, and I'm sure they will do the same for you too.
#1: Rich German (Living the Law of Attraction)
After only a few minutes of listening to Rich's first teleseminar I was hooked by his gentle voice and down to earth demeanour. His teachings are engaging, informative, and most of all very EYE-OPENING!
As one of life's true visionaries, I honestly believe that Rich German has a real gift of helping lost souls find their life's purpose. It was Rich's sincere wholehearted support and encouragement that kept me focused and believing in myself.
During one of the most stressful times of my life, he was able to help me sort through my past, let go of my baggage, and focus on creating the life of my dreams.
Rich helped me rediscover my love for self improvement and self growth. In many ways he was the inspiration behind www.NancyBattye.com
In a very short time, I was able to determine which parts of my life were out of balance, refocus, and soar higher than I'd ever dared to dream.
First time visitors can take advantage of Rich's FREE tele seminars, and his complimentary video coaching program. You'll definitely get relevant guidance and ample support as you begin your own journey of personal growth.
He has a wide range of free and paid programs that are all geared to your comfort and what you can afford. Or you can choose to continue your transformation with his advanced life-enriching personal or group coaching programs.
#2: Debbie Ford (Step Out of the Darkness)
I found Debbie Ford's teaching very focused, supportive, encouraging, and respectful.
Debbie is driven by her passion to help people. And without a doubt, she's the type that walks her talk.
Acclaimed spiritual teacher Debbie Ford believes that darkness is created when our ego holds us back from light; which is unconditional love, god, spirit, universe, or whatever resonates with each person the most.
Debbie can teach you how to step out of the darkness of your smallest thought into the brilliance of your greatest dream.
Join Debbie and some of today's foremost thinkers as they take you on an emotionally-gripping, visually-compelling journey into the human psyche's mysterious "Shadow Self" (the hiding place for our most disliked thoughts, emotions, and impulses).
If you're ready to illuminate the hidden power of your true self, visit: http://www.thefordinstitute.com/?Click=3004
This fantastic journey will help you embrace your worst fears, and help you become the person you were meant to be.
#3: John Seeley (Get Unstuck)
Sometimes we wind up in a place we don't want to be. What's worse, we don't know how we got there, or how to break free.
If you are stuck in a rut … with no idea how to create the life you yearn for … John Seeley can help.
John has written a simple guide to restart your life. It's an easy to understand, easy to use guide to help you break free from the things that have held you back. Complete with the tools to create the dreams you have always dreamt about.
John knows how to work on a level deeper than your everyday consciousness. With his guidance there's no doubt in my mind that you will find the answers you seek.
If your life is unhappy, you're probably in the wrong place. You can trust John Seeley's wisdom to give you clarity and inner peace. You will identify what you really want, and pin down the road map to your dreams. His books are not only inspirational and stimulating, but they will give you a brand new perspective on life.
Changing your life is easier than you think. Get Unstuck NOW!
#4: Louise Hay (Experience Your Good)
As an international bestselling author, Louise helps people to reach their full potential.
This book will take you on a journey of self discover. It addresses the deep rooted concerns that we all share, like health, fearful emotions, addictions, love, intimacy and prosperity. But more importantly Louise presents us with exercises so you can make beneficial changes to virtually every are of your life.
You'll learn how to implement your own creative powers for personal growth and self-healing. Plus, you'll understand the importance of affirmations, and learn how to put them to immediate use. (Louise gives away a FREE affirmation CD with each book!)
To find out more, link to: http://www.hayhouse.com/details.php?id=4846
You may also be interested in "I Can Do It" conference, held at the Queen Elizabeth Theatre, Vancouver, BC on March 12-13, 2011.
This unforgettable weekend will help you reconnect with yourself. You can meet Louise Hay in person, plus have a chance to relax and enjoy sessions of emotional and spiritual guidance with some of the most interesting and inspiring enlightenment authors of all time.
I'll be there and would love to connect with you ~
with kindest of intentions
Nancy Battye
~ Offering enlightenment through compassion and kindess
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text:
Wagyu (和牛 Wagyū?, "Japanese cow") is any of several breeds of cattle, the most desired of which is genetically predisposed to intense marbling and to producing a high percentage of oleaginous unsaturated fat. The meat from such wagyu cattle is known for its quality, and commands a high price. In several areas of Japan, wagyu beef is shipped carrying area names. Some examples are Matsusaka beef, Kobe beef, Yonezawa beef, Mishima beef,[1] Ōmi beef and Sanda beef.
Because of Japan's rugged terrain and isolated areas, different breeding and feeding techniques were used such as massaging or adding beer or sake to their feeding regimen. It is suggested that the feeding of beer and sake was done to aid in digestion and induce hunger during humid seasons, and that massaging prevented muscle cramping on small farms in Japan where the animals did not have sufficient room to use their muscles.[citation needed] Neither of these techniques affect the meat's flavor, and they have both been discontinued.[2][3]
There are four breeds of wagyu: Japanese Black (黒毛和種 Kuroge Washu?), Japanese Brown (赤毛和種 Akage Washu or Akaushi?), Japanese Polled (無角和種 Mukaku Washu?), and Japanese Shorthorn (日本短角和種 Nihon Tankaku Washu?).[4][5] Wagyu cattle's genetic predisposition yields a beef that contains a higher percentage of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids than typical beef. The increased marbling also increases the ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats.[6]
Japanese Black makes up 90% of all fattened cattle in Japan.[7] Strains of Japanese Black include Tottori, Tajima, Shimane and Okayama.[8] Japanese Brown, also known as Japanese Red,[7] is the other main breed;[8] strains include Kochi and Kumamoto. Japanese Shorthorn makes up less than one percent of all cattle in Japan.[9]
The Australian Wagyu Association is the largest breed association outside Japan.[10] Both fullblood and Wagyu-cross cattle are farmed in Australia for domestic and overseas markets, including Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, the U.K., France, Germany, Denmark and the U.S.[11] Australian Wagyu cattle are grain fed for the last 300–500 days of production.[citation needed] Wagyu bred in Western Australia's Margaret River region often have red wine added to their feed as well.[12]
United States[edit]
In the United States, Japanese Wagyu cattle are bred with Angus cattle. This crossbreed has been named American Style Kobe Beef.[13] Wagyu were first competitively exhibited at the National Western Stock Show in 2012.[14] Some U.S. Wagyu breeders have full blooded animals directly descended from original Japanese bloodlines, and are registered through the American Wagyu Association.[15]
Wagyu cattle farming in Canada appeared after 1991 when the Canadian Wagyu Association was formed. Wagyu style cattle and farms in Canada are found only in Alberta,[16] Ontario[17] and Prince Edward Island.[18] Canadian Wagyu beef products are exported to the U.S., Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and Europe.[18]
The firm Highland Wagyu was established in 2011[19] and is based at Blackford Farms in Dunblane, Scotland. The company acquired a herd of 300 Wagyu cattle to add to its existing herd of 250 in July 2013 and became the largest producer of Fullblood Wagyu beef in the UK with plans to make Scotland the Wagyu centre of Europe.[20][21][22]
- ^ http://www.nodai-genome.org/bos_taurus.html?lang=en
- ^ "Wagyu Beef History". Kobe-beef.com. 22 March 1998. Archived from the original on 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
- ^ Professor Kiyoshi Namikawa, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Kyoto University; Kyoto, Japan (1985). "Breeding History of Japanese Beef Cattle...". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15.
- ^ Porter, Valerie; Mason, Ian Lauder (2002). Mason's world dictionary of livestock breeds, types, and varieties. CABI. p. 66. ISBN 0-85199-430-X.
- ^ "What is Wagyu?". Japan Meat Information Service Center.
- ^ Condon, John (March 2005). "Good Fats Boost Wagyu Opportunities". Australian Wagyu Update. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
- ^ a b "Wagyu Japanese Beef" (PDF).
- ^ a b "Wagyu - What are they? Where did they come from?".
- ^ "Japanese Shorthorn Cattle".
- ^ "Australian Wagyu Forum".
- ^ Exports; Australian Wagyu Association; accessed .
- ^ http://www.mrpme.com.au/wine-fed-wagyu
- ^ U.S. ranches breed famous Kobe-style beef; 12 August 2011 article in The Japan Times" (from the Associated Press); p. 3; accessed .
- ^ Raabe, Steve (11 January 2012). "Tender Wagyu muscles onto meat scene, makes stock-show exhibition debut". The Denver Post.
- ^ Membership | Calf Registration | DNA Tests
- ^ Kobe beef on P.E.I.? Veterinarian raising wagyu cattle; The Chronicle Herald online; accessed .
- ^ Kuntz First to Breed Wagyu in Ontario; The Post South Bruce; accessed .
- ^ a b About Us; Canadian Wagyu online; accessed.
- ^ "Try a little tenderness: on the farm with Scotland's Wagyu cattle". The Herald. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
- ^ "Scottish farm to make Japanese Wagyu beef". The Scotsman. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "Highland Wagyu beef firm in expansion drive". BBC News. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "Perthshire - the Wagyu centre of Europe". The Scottish Farmer. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Further reading[edit]
- Hongo, Jun (6 July 2010). "Despite 'wagyu's' history, foot-and-mouth hit hard". The Japan Times. FYI (weekly column).
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wagyū.
- Wagyu Registry Association (Japanese)
- American Wagyu Association
- Australian Wagyu Association
- Canadian Wagyu Association
- European Wagyu Association
- German Wagyu Association
- Austrian Wagyu Association
- Wagyu Research and Information Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University


text:
It's always remarkable what ideas street artists can have. Today, I'm fascinated about the "Urban Jewelery" street art by Belgian designer Liesbeth Bussche.
She combines urban interior with oversized jewelry parts and creates in this way huge necklaces made with chain-linked ropes, earrings made out of concrete balls and other jewelry street installations.
Bussche is currently exhibiting at the "What's New?" exhibition at Galerie Sofie Lachaert until November 8th 2009.
Here are some examples of "Urban Jewelery":
Via designboom.com.


text:
Laguna Art Museum celebrates new exhibits
LAGUNA BEACH – Laguna Art Museum kicked off its fall exhibits with an opening reception on Nov. 3.
More than 600 people attended the event, including artists and museum curators. Through Jan. 20, the museum will feature the installations of Macha Suzuki and watercolors by Timothy J. Clark. Pieces from the museum's permanent collection, many of them by California artists, are also on display as curated by museum Executive Director Malcolm Warner.
The museum at 307 Cliff Drive is open 11 a.m.-5 p.m. Monday, Tuesday and Friday-Sunday. On Thursdays, the museum is open until 9 p.m., and it's closed Wednesdays. Information: lagunaartmuseum.org or 949-494-8971.
Contact the writer: firstname.lastname@example.com or 949-454-7309
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