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- General Inquiries
- Mailing Address
300 New Jersey Avenue, NW
Suite 800
Washington, D.C. 20001
- Media Contact
Betsy Andres
Senior Director
Innovation, immigration and intellectual property - a forum
Business Roundtable (BRT) and Harvard University, in partnership with Bloomberg, brought together seven BRT-member CEOs and seven presidents of prominent research universities for an innovation and jobs roundtable on Wednesday. During the private discussion, which took place at Bloomberg headquarters in Washington, participants identified common areas for policy action between the business and education communities, including: science-friendly immigration policy, a federal emphasis on basic research, patent reform and protection of intellectual property, and greater incentives for R&D. The session was moderated by Bloomberg Executive Washington Editor Al Hunt. In an interview with Bloomberg's Megan Hughes, BRT President John Engler emphasized the importance of innovation in economic growth.
The bipartisan approach that accomplished patent reform can be applied successfully toward research and development and immigration policy, Engler said.
BRT-member CEOs participating:
- James Goodnight, SAS Institute
- Ellen Kullman, DuPont
- John Lechleiter, Eli Lilly
- Theodore Solso, Cummins
Coverage ...
- Bloomberg, "US Urged to Halt Skilled-Worker Flight or Lose Innovation Lead"
- Bloomberg, "Cantor Tells CEOs 'Alarming' Skilled-Worker Exodus Needs Action"
- Bloomberg, "Congress Must Ensure Patent Office Funds, University Leaders Say"
- Bloomberg, "CEOs and College Presidents Talk Innovation and Jobs"
- Harvard Crimson, "Faust Joins Talks In D.C."
UPDATE (Oct. 10, 2011): Transcripts via Bloomberg:
More On The Issue
Connect with BRT
Latest BRT News
Latest Multimedia
Momentum for America
Solutions to Expand Jobs & Grow the U.S. Economy
Business Roundtable is focusing its efforts on greater job expansion and economic growth – national priorities that are inextricably linked. Informing our plan is our collective business experience as CEOs of America's leading companies, experience that tells us what it takes to build momentum for the United States in in 2016 and beyond.


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Molton Brown
Purify Gift Set
- 1
- 2
- 3
Description: Discover the Purify Ambrusca Gift Set from Molton Brown.
Purify Ambrusca Bath & Shower: The Ambrusca Bath & Shower is a must-have deep cleansing and protecting foaming bath or lathering wash which actively scavenges for damaging free radicals left on your skin by pollution and travel. (Size: 6.6fl oz)
Purify Ambrusca Wash & Polish: The Ambrusca Wash & Polish provides new lease on life for dull and listless skin. This scrub exfoliates old skin cells, deep cleanses, stimulates and boosts circulation. (Size: 6.6fl oz)
Purify Ambrusca Body Tonic: The Ambrusca Body Tonic is a supercharging body hydrator which does much more than just moisturize. It instantly tones and firms dull, lifeless-looking skin with vital minerals and vitamins while grape leaf antioxidants help to reduce the visible signs of aging. This is a burst of energy for your skin. (Size: 6.6fl oz)
Brand: Molton Brown

subset: commoncrawl


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NOMO: Invisible Cities
Invisible Cities visits a lot of territory in its relatively brief 42-minute run time. "Elijah" is a swirling, modal Africa Brass-style freeform overture that precedes "Nocturne," which features NOMO's signature electric kalimba on top of a steady bass line, vocalizing over the drums and a hazy guitar coming out of the shadows. "Waiting" and "Patterns" are classic funk workouts, offering hot soloing and steady rhythmic vamping, while "Crescent" and "Banners on High" turn down the gas and set the mood via soothing flutes and gentle Rhodes keyboards.
The decision to remake Tom Ze's "Ma" comes across as particularly inspired statement of purpose. Ze was at the forefront of Brazil's Tropicalia movement in the late 1960s, but his music quickly became unclassifiable, marked by Afro-Brazilian beats, folk forms, homemade instruments, musical erudition and a general unwillingness to conform. NOMO's cover is faithful to the original, with leader and chief songwriter Elliot Bergman's warm-jet bass clarinet offsetting the sharp plinking of synth noise as the melodic lines of the horn section and dreamy soundscape vocals worm their way into your head.
Track Listing: Invisible Cities; Bumbo; Waiting; Crescent; Patterns; Ma; Banners on High; Elijah; Nocturne.
Personnel: Dan Bennett: baritone sax; Elliot Bergman: synthesizer, bass clarinet, baritone sax, tenor sax, vocals, Fender Rhodes, bamboo flute, electric kalimba; Natalie Bergman: vocals; Warn Defever: percussion, electric kalimba; Joey Dosik: alto sax; Erik Hall: guitar, percussion, conga, tambourine, vocals, kalimba, Fender Rhodes, temple blocks, log drums, electric kalimba; Quin Kirchner: percussion, conga, drums, electric kalimba; Jason Murdy: conga, bells; Dan Piccolo: drums; Ingrid Racine: trumpet; Jamie Register: bass, vocals; Hitoko Sakai: percussion, electric kalimba; Justin Walter: trumpet, vocals.
About Nomo
CD/LP/Track Review
- Invisible Cities by Jeff Stockton
- Invisible Cities by Chris M. Slawecki
- Ghost Rock by Chris M. Slawecki
- New Tones by Judith Insell
- New Tones by Chris M. Slawecki


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Dana Mann Property Management
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Eggplant and Beef Stroganoff
August 5, 2012
My freind Nancy presented me with eggplant and tomatoes from her wonderful garden! She loves her garden and she loves to share the freshness that it produces. Unfortunately I have not made very many eggplant dishes, so I was at a loss for a few days of what to do with it, until, I happen to see a recipe for eggplant stroganoff, perfect that was it. I did add ground chuck, as the original recipe was meatless. Thanks Joy for your input, we thought it was perfect!
After googling the benefits of eggplant, I learned that not only will eggplant help reduce the risk of cancer and aid in weight loss, but it is also very good for your skin. Check out this link to learn more. Sunset magazine is my source for this recipe. Please enjoy!
For more eggplant recipes, click here.
- 12-16 oz. egg noodles
- 12 oz. sliced cremini mushrooms
- 1 eggplant, cut into 1-inch cubes
- ½ lb. ground chuck
- 1 onion, chopped
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 3 tbsp. flour
- 1 ¾ cups vegetable broth
- 1 cup milk
- ¼ cup sour cream
- ¼ tsp. nutmeg
- Chopped flat leaf parsley, as much as you like
In a large non-stick pan, over medium heat cook mushrooms, eggplant, ground chuck, and onion, until softened, about 10 minutes. Stir in salt, pepper, and flour. Stir and cook another couple minutes. Add broth and milk, reduce heat and simmer, stirring occasionally while you prepare your noodles. In a large pot boil water and cook your noodles. Add sour cream and nutmeg to your stroganoff, continue stirring and cooking until your sauce is thick and creamy, 5-10 minutes. Drain noodles and serve in large pasta bowls, spoon over eggplant and beef stroganoff. Sprinkle with your desired flat leaf parsley.
Serves: 4
Total Time: 1 hour or so
2 Responses to "Eggplant and Beef Stroganoff"
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Bobby Says:
March 15th, 2013 at 3:11 am
Hi Jack, I watched the show and not only did you show crsmiaha but also inspiration for all. Twenty two years ago I lost my beloved father and presently my nephew is fighting once again for his 2nd time. He too was diagiosed at the age of 2.and is 9 years old to date. In mid May he will be having his transplate and turning 10. I see alot of crsmiaha and inspiration in him too. I'm going to buy your book as a gift to him. I hope he watched the show. Thanks and keep your head held high!


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'Singam 2' to Go to the Censors
Suriya's Singam 2 is expected to hit screens on July 5. The film, which is a sequel to Hari's Singam, is gearing up for the Censors.
The industry buzz is that censor copy will be ready in a couple of days and the overseas prints will be dispatched by June 28.
Singam 2 is an action entertainer and the star cast includes Suriya, Anushka, Hansika, Danny Sapani and Santhanam and a huge supporting cast.
We hear that the makers of the film are planning to release it in a big way with around 1,500 screens across the world.
Devi Sri Prasad has scored the music of the film.


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White TV Reporter Jobless After Claiming Black Men Without Fathers Resent Police
When a white TV reporter said the fatherlessness epidemic in the African-American community was responsible for anti-police sentiments among men of color, he was suspended from his station without pay.
Sean Bergin formerly of News 12 inserted his opinion when reporting on a black man killing a rookie Jersey City cop, who was later fatally shot down by other officers. The station said he was out of line.
"It's important to shine a light on this anti-cop mentality that has so contaminated America's inner cities," Bergin said on-air. "The underlying cause of all of this, of course, young black men growing up without fathers."
Bergin's report, which aired Sunday, featured the widow of the now deceased shooter, Angelique Campbell, who told Bergin that Lawrence Campbell should have killed more officers, then later apologized.
Bergin said his commentary was in response to the widow's comments according to the Associated Press.
"It is News 12's policy that reporters must be objective and not state personal opinions on-air," the station said in a statement Tuesday.
But Bergin said he purposely went against that policy.
"If I had it to do over again, I would do the exact same thing," the reporter said. "I broke the rules. I knew I was breaking the rules. But sometimes you have to break the rules to do the right thing."
Breaking the rules got him suspendedwithout pay on Monday and with pay on Tuesday. Bergin, a contracted employee, said the station told him that his assignments would be cut to one a week and he declined to remain in the position.
The National Association of Black Journalists' president, Bob Butler, refuted Bergin's ideology.
"Are there problems in the inner city with kids without fathers? Yes. But does that make kids violent? No," Butler said. "There are a lot of kids without fathers who go to college, graduate and become upstanding citizens. He's talking about a social phenomenon where there's lack of opportunity in communities."
For all the latest news and updates follow WUFO 1080 AM on Facebook and Twitter.


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Our Repin to Win a copy of Team Cul de Sac: Cartoonists Draw the Line at Parkinson's contest has come to an end. Did you win?
Congratulations to the following repinners:
Chloris Nichois - http://pinterest.com/dorinda314/
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If you see yourself listed above, please send your shipping address to email@example.com, please also include "Team Cul de Sac Book Winner" in the subject line. Winners have one week to respond.
Thanks to all who repinned. More great giveaways to come!


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Over the past weeks, there have been at least 3 separate reports (FT Deutschland, Frankfurter Allgemeiner, and El Economista), that Spain was seeking an EU/IMF aid package. Spain has denied the reports. Here's why we suspect the reports are true. In short, both fundamental and speculative evidence is becoming overwhelming that Spain will not last long without aid.
The Fundamentals
First, Spain's economy is arguably in terminal decline without significant aid on a pure fundamental basis.
As well summarized by Michael Snyder here, via businessinsider.com, there are numerous reasons that Spain can arguably be considered a default waiting to happen unless it receives serious help that will dwarf the latest so called 'shock and awe' EU/IMF package of €750 bln that was meant to cover smaller economies like Greece. However, Spain's economy is about 5x as large, comprising 11.5% of EU GDP and is the 10th largest economy in the world. If a mere Greek default threatened to destabilize European banking, a Spanish default would likely destabilize even Europe's largest banks.
Reasons Spain's economy is in terminal condition per Snyder include, (we quote):
- Over 20% of the workforce is unemployed: Even before this most recent crisis, unemployment in Spain was approaching Great Depression levels. Spain now has the highest unemployment rate in the entire European Union. More than 20 percent of working age Spaniards were unemployed during the first quarter of 2010. If people aren't working they can't pay taxes and they can't provide for their families.
- Deficit equal to 11.4 percent of GDP: In an effort to stimulate the economy, Spain's socialist government has been spending unprecedented amounts of money and that skyrocketed the government budget deficit to a stunning 11.4 percent of GDP in 2009. That is completely unsustainable by any definition
- Total debt equals 270 percent of GDP: The total of all public and private debt in Spain has now reached 270 percent of GDP.
Rampant credit downgrades: The Spanish government has accumulated way more debt than it can possibly handle, and this has forced two international ratings agencies, Fitch and Standard & Poor's, to lower Spain's long-term sovereign credit rating. These downgrades are making it much more expensive for Spain to finance its debt at a time when they simply can't afford to pay more interest.
- Unsold housing inventory levels SIX TIMES WORSE than America: There are 1.6 million unsold properties in Spain. That is six times the level per capita in the United States. Considering how bad the U.S. real estate market is, that statistic is incredibly alarming
- Caught between austere misery and a credit downgrade: Spain's national debt is so onerous that they are now caught in a debt spiral where anything they do will harm the economy. If they cut government expenditures in an effort to get debt under control it will devastate economic growth and crush badly needed tax revenues. But if the Spanish government keeps borrowing money their credit rating will continue to decline and they will almost certainly default. The truth is that the Spanish government is caught
- IMF forecasts NO POSITIVE GROWTH until 2011: But even now the IMF is projecting that the Spanish economy is going nowhere fast. The International Monetary Fund says there will be no positive GDP growth in Spain until 2011, at which point it will still be below one percent. As bleak as that forecast is, many analysts believe that it is way too optimistic considering the fact that Spain's economy declined by about 3.6 percent in 2009 and things are rapidly getting worse
- The strikes and protests are just getting started: The Spanish population has gotten used to socialist handouts and they are not going to accept public sector pay cuts, budget cuts to social programs and hefty tax increases easily…The truth is that financial shock therapy does not go down very well in highly socialized nations such as Greece and Spain. In fact, the austerity measures that Spain has been pressured to implement by the IMF have proven so unpopular that many are now projecting that Spain's socialist government will be forced to call early elections.
Even if we somehow ignore these gruesome fundamentals, it's clear that the recent build in speculative fever alone may push Spain to seek aid regardless of whether it might have otherwise been needed.
Speculative Momentum: Spanish Sovereign Debt Yields Are Exploding Higher
Fundamentals aside, in the short term it's all about expectations, and these are getting just as bad as the fundamentals.
A few weeks ago Spain had a successful €3 bln 10 year bond sale on June 17th, but at the cost of higher yields that were just below 5%, considered a red-line maximum it can afford for this maturity. It also sold a smaller amount, €479 mln, of 30 year bonds at just below 6%.
S&P announced on Monday that it had raised estimates for loan losses for Spain's banking sector, feeding anxiety levels and ultimately their borrowing costs.
Of more concern, perceived credit risk on Spanish debt is rising at an accelerating rate.
1. Note the 5 year Spanish bond chart (click to enlarge), and the rate of increase in 5 year bond yields since April (when the EU sovereign debt concerns became a full blown market crashing crisis):
(via Dave White here )
2. Its recent sale of 3 year bonds was at double the yield for those sold just this past April.
3. For reference, note how the Spread on Spain's 5 year bonds has changed in the course of the past day. Here's a chart (click to enlarge) showing the spread increase and Cumulative Probability of Default (CPD%) for June 22nd:
5 Year Credit Default Spreads as of June 22nd 2010 Table Courtesy of cmavision.com 12jun23
4. Here's one for yesterday, June 23rd (click to enlarge). Note that Spain's spread has risen another 6.35% and that its CPD% is up from 18.76% to 20.87% – all in just 24 hours. Unusual movements like this are just the kind of thing traders (or their computers) are tuned to spot. Left unchecked, that should build further momentum buying of Spanish sovereign debt default insurance, further raising spreads and yields, and ultimately the borrowing cost of the July bond sale.
5 Year Credit Default Spreads as of June 23rd 2010 Table Courtesy of cmavision.com 14jun23
The reason Spain is of special concern is that it has a large debt redemption in July, about €24 bln, and thus is especially vulnerable to rising rates should it need to sell bonds to raise cash for this redemption. Spain has claimed it has the cash on hand and need not sell any bonds, and is not seeking aid from the EU/IMF. Of course, Greece said the same thing just before the very opposite occurred.
Clearly the debt markets are betting otherwise
In short, the timing of this deterioration couldn't be worse.
Nor may it be entirely accidental. Months ago Goldman Sachs (NYSE:GS) was advising clients to buy CDS instruments on Spanish and Italian banks. There is serious money betting on trouble.
Ramifications and How To Profit
We can't tell when there will be official confirmation, but we expect it within the coming weeks, if for no other reason than to attempt to scare off buyers of CDSs on Spanish sovereign debt, drive down borrowing costs, and ideally allow Spain to access credit markets at affordable rates if/when needed.
Markets are already very nervous about Spain given the above fundamental and speculative troubles, as well as the likely strain of any Spanish bailout given the sheer size of Spain's outstanding public and private debt.
Thus, even though any announcement will come with assurances that all is under control, the very fact that, once again, the EZ has been less than fully honest about its troubles, is likely to spook markets and interbank lending based on the sheer rising level of distrust.
How to profit? Short positions of virtually any risk asset will do well in the short term, especially anything related to the EZ and the already troubled Euro. The recent rally in risk assets and the Euro has provided an excellent chance to enter new short positions in the EURUSD, EURJPY or FXE for those preferring ETFs.
Obviously Spanish and other PIIGS group major banks will work, as will short positions on major stock indices, especially European ones.
Disclosure: No Positions


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Amon Amarth
Amon Amarth has a long history with Metal Blade that goes back to their debut album, 'Once Sent from the Golden Hall'! After almost 20 years later, it's now time for a vinyl re-issue of this album, as well as 99's 'The Avenger'.Read More
Armored Saint
For a preview of 'Carpe Noctum', a live video of 'Aftermath' from the Aschaffenburg show can be viewed at metalblade.com/armoredsaint - where the new Metal Blade Records pre-order for Carpe Noctum has also been launched.Read More
Irish pagan metallers Primordial have announced the release of the first live album in the band's history, 'Gods to the Godless'. To hear the live version of 'Wield Lightning to Split the Sun', head over to NoCleanSinging.com nowRead More
Metal Blade Records has announced the next batch of classic albums to be included in the label's 'Originals-Series': Immolation's 'Close to a World Below', 'Failures for Gods' and 'Here in After'!Read More
New Releases
New Releases
Latest News
The Black Dahlia Murder and Suicide Silence co-headline tour this October!
- October 2nd, 2014 – Mark your calendars! The Black Dahlia Murder has...Read More
REVOCATION Post Third Video from the Making of "Deathless"
- October 1st, 2014 – Metal Blade Records Debut Out October...Read More
PRIMORDIAL to Release New Full-Length this November via Metal Blade Records
- September 30th, 2014 – Lyric Video Now Playing + Pre-order Packages...Read More
Ensiferum nearing completion on recording new album!
- September 29th, 2014 – Ensiferum have been locked away in Astia...Read More
In Solitude release "Sister" on white vinyl and cassette
- September 29th, 2014 – European tour with Beastmilk begins next...Read More
Nonpoint debut "Breaking Skin" video!
- September 29th, 2014 – Nonpoint have released their eighth studio...Read More
GWAR Eternal Tour Honors Lost Leader Oderus Urungus and Introduces New Scumdogs
- September 29th, 2014 – ANTARCTICA – 29th September 2014 –...Read More
Slipknot's Knotfest: Onsite Attractions And Activities Unmasked
- September 29th, 2014 – Three Day Destination Festival Held Friday,...Read More


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Newbury Park Electronic Waste Recycling
Recycle Electronics in Newbury Park
Recycling electronics in Newbury Park is easy and efficient with All Green Electronics Recycling. Newbury Park is located in the western part of Thousand Oaks in Ventura County. Help keep this community clean and e-waste free with All Green!
Recycle Electronics Today
All Green Electronics Recycling will recycle any electronic device. Schedule a pickup or find a drop-off location, but whatever you do, don't throw your electronics in the trash bin! Electronic equipment is highly toxic to the environment, and at All Green Electronics Recycling we guarantee your electronic devices will not reach any landfill, including those located overseas.


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Marshfield library to host health info session
MARSHFIELD The Jaquith Public Library will present a forum on the new Vermont health insurance exchange, Vermont Health Connect, on Oct. 23.
Ellen Gershun, the local area health care navigator, will be available for questions at the forum, which will run from 7 to 8 p.m. at the library. She will also be making individual appointments for assistance with the enrollment process.
Starting in January, individuals, families and small businesses in Vermont will get their health coverage through Vermont Health Connect. This includes Vermonters who do not currently have health insurance and those who have been covered by Catamount Health, the Vermont Health Access Program, Dr. Dynasaur and Medicaid.
For more information call the library at 426-3581 or email firstname.lastname@example.com. The library is at the Old Schoolhouse Common in Marshfield.MORE IN This Just InAutopsy reveals
how inmate died
BURLINGTON An autopsy shows that a Vermont... Full StoryEco group bows
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RUTLAND The head of a Vermont environmental group... Full Story
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I've got it. Anyone else? How do you deal with it and what script, if any, do you use? It's embarrassing. My cheeks just started looking flushed maybe 9 months ago, but now I kind of have this really pretty pimply rash on top of it and the skin is getting scaly. It looks just like the textbook pics and it's fugly. I need advice. TIA!
Rosacea (NAD)
No Rosacea here, just sympathy. We deal with bad allergies in my house and for my daughter, we just have to avoid all the food triggers. She gets a horrific scaly bleeding rash. Prescription strength steriod creams help get it under control, but there are risks with using those on your face as they have been know to cause Glaucoma.
I know my situation i different but, I would recommend detailed food journalling to get in front of what you can do. I hope that is helpful because I know I felt really helpless.
No advice but lots of :bigarmhug:
Sometimes I get something mild that looks like it. It looks like really rosy cheeks, but has no rash or scaliness. It seems to come up when I have a lot of non-organic black tea and dairy. My mom can always tell if I have been drinking tea! I think it might be my skin flushing the toxins. Other than that it doesn't bug me.
Have you looked into your diet to find out if there is anything that you are sensitive to?


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Indian Inspiration
When Gursharan Singh came to the United States in the early 1970s, he
lived in a New Jersey apartment with three other men. They all shared the
same situation: recently married, they had left their wives in India for
a year or so while they went ahead to find jobs and get
settled in the States.
The men also shared cooking duties, and Mr. Singh
became the head chef in the household he had, it seemed, a knack for
cooking. Two others were the sous-chefs, and the last the dishwasher.
For a year they lived this way mainly eating variations on rice and dahl
(read All About...Lentils) but by the time Mr. Singh's wife joined him in the United
States, he had become so skilled at the stove that he and his wife,
Rajinder, shared dinner duties from then on.
But how, I wondered, did Mr. Singh learn how to cook? The question yields the same mysterious answer from many home cooks: You observe when you're young; you learn; you figure it out.
Also, you persist. The basis of most North Indian cooking lies in an
onion and garlic mixture that takes a good deal of practice to get right.
Begin with ordinary yellow onions, the kind that are sold in mesh sacks.
Blend onion and garlic in a food processor until they are mashed together.
The mixture should have a pasty, "glop"-like consistency, which might
require a couple of tablespoons of water. But the mixture can't be too
fine or too liquid, or it will burn in the pan. The next step is cooking
the onion-garlic mixture, stirring constantly until it turns
Mr. and Mrs. Singh reside now in Gaithersburg, Maryland. I'll never
forget a wonderful dinner I had at their house. It was, by their
standards, an everyday meal: aloo mutter, roti paratha (the roti was
stuffed with a spiced potato mixture and pan-fried), and plain yogurt.
But to me, it was far from ordinary; and anyone who likes Indian food
knows the tantalizing, addictive wonder of spices and flavors working
together, balancing each other out. At the Singhs, I glimpsed how one
might begin learning to eventually make such a meal.
Aloo Mutter (spiced peas and potatoes)
Serves: 6
Preparation time: 15 minutes
Cooking time: 30 minutes
2 1/2 medium yellow onions
3 cloves garlic
2 tablespoons water, if needed
2 tablespoons olive oil
1/2 cup chicken or vegetable stock
1/2 inch piece of fresh ginger, peeled and grated
1/2 teaspoon chili powder
1/2 teaspoon turmeric
1 tomato, chopped
1 tablespoon tomato paste
1/2 teaspoon salt
2 medium russet potatoes, peeled and cut into 1-inch cubes
1 pound shelled peas, fresh or frozen
3 cups water
1/2 teaspoon garam masala
Salt to taste
1/4 cup chopped cilantro leaves
Traditionally, this dish is served with rice and plain yogurt on the side. It's also good with grilled lamb or chicken.
Nutrition Facts (per serving):
Calories: 285
Total Fat : 10 grams
Saturated Fat: 1 grams
Sodium: 215 milligrams
Dietary Fiber: 11 grams
% Calories from fat: 30 %
% calories from saturated fat: 4 %
By Bich Minh Nguyen
Get healthy recipes, nutrition information and fitness tips!


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- Game Details
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Greg Jennings staying cautious with groin injuryPackers wide receiver Greg Jennings stopped short of ruling himself out of this week's game at the Texans because of his groin injury, but he still sounds like a man who wants to err on the side of caution. Not having Jennings will make things that much m… (more)Source: profootballtalk.com
Greg Jennings ruled out for Sunday's trip to HoustonWe mentioned earlier today that Packers wide receiver Greg Jennings wasn't making positive noises when asked if he'd play this week. Now we know why. The Packers have officially ruled Jennings out for Sunday night's game at Houston, according to JasSource: profootballtalk.com
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• Cleveland Browns linebacker D'Qwell Jackson returns to practice after suffering head injury in New York


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Check in from 14h / Check out prior to 12h
Hotel Real Santiago de Compostela: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 1 stars hotels in Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
This Santiago de Compostela hotel is located next to Santiago de Compostela Old Quarter. It is steps from Royal University of Santiago de Compostela and is close to the area's well-known attractions and dining spots.
Hotel description
There are a variety of amenities on offer to guests of Hotel Real Santiago de Compostela, such as luggage storage, a tour desk and a coffee bar. A Wi-Fi connection is also available.
The rooms at Hotel Real Santiago de Compostela are cosy with facilities including an en suite. They provide bottled water, a flat-screen TV and wireless internet access.
Hotel Real's charming bar is a convenient spot for guests to relax with a beverage after dinner. Guests are able to enjoy a meal in the in-house restaurant, along with a daily breakfast.
Santiago de Compostela's attractions, including Monastery of San Martino Pinario and Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, are within easy walking distance of Real. The hotel is positioned within a short stroll of Santiago de Compostela Railway Station.
Hotel features
Room Service, Restaurant, TV, En suite, Private Bathroom, Coffee Shop/Cafeteria
Laundry service, Luggage Storage, Self Laundry
Tour Desk
High-speed Internet, Internet Connection (wireless)
Private Toilet
Availability and Prices
Booking Site
Room Type
Per room
Per night
Per night
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Azabacheria, 2,, Santiago de Compostela
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KBM Facility Solutions Recognized as Top Minority Supplier
KBM Facility Solutions announced its nomination for the 2012 National Minority Supplier Development Council, Inc. (NMSDC) annual "Supplier of the Year" Award.
Presented each year at the NMSDC annual conference, the award recognizes minority suppliers that have distinguished their businesses by demonstrating growth, providing high-quality products at competitive prices, implementing cost-saving initiatives, continuously growing minority-owned business (MBE) purchases and significantly contributing to the growth and development of society and their community.
"We work hard to create a culture of continuous improvement in all facets of our business," said Rene Tuchscher, Chief Operating Officer, KBM Facility Solutions. "But it's not just about business; it's about using business to make the world a better place to live—for everyone. We're honored to receive such recognition for these efforts."
Other businesses nominated for the award represent a wide range of industries, including construction/general contracting, creative services, information technology, security systems and staffing/professional services. Nominees are grouped into four classes based on sales – KBM received a Class 3 Award for annual sales of $10 - $50 million.
In addition to the "Supplier of the Year" Nomination, KBM also recently received the Workplace Excellence Award for a mid-sized company presented by the San Diego Society for Human Resource Management.
The Workplace Excellence Awards were created in 2000 to educate and enlighten business leaders in San Diego on the value and contribution that exceptional human resources practices can make to the success and profitability of an organization.
"Our people are what make us successful," added Tuchscher. "Neither of these awards would be possible without their hard work and dedication. Good people are what make great businesses."


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After more than 3 months of development, the Cogswell Game Club has finished another project.
The game is called Clark & Dagger and is about a Spy (Dagger) and a Hacker (Clark). The point of the game is to use each of character's unique abilities to advance through the levels. The game is geared toward a multiplayer experience, so players will only be able to succeed if they work together.
The club submitted their game to the Independent Games Festival Student Competition to try and earn one of the eight places in the IGF Student Showcase. The eight finalists get to bask in the spotlight at the upcoming Game Developer Conference and thousands of people get to play their game.
The last time a game from the Cogswell Game Club was accepted into the Showcase was in 2003 for a game titled, "The Gates of Temlaha." The word around campus is that they were accepted that year because of their amazing feat of creating their own 3D engine.
Team Cogswell will be going up against some schools that are featured in the showcase every year but Project Coordinator and Lead Developer, Brody Brooks, is confident their game stands a good chance in the competition this year. Brody proposed the project initially around the time he was starting an internship at NASA and didn't think he would have time to work on it. The other group members kept coming to him and asking for help and advice and soon Brody became Project Coordinator despite his schedule.
Brody also told us that the genesis of the project was very organic and sort of happened by osmosis. Slowly students around school become interested in the project. Luckily every person who joined was very talented and committed and even though the majority of the team was part-time, they each brought their own perspective and ideas to the project.
Future plans for Clark & Dagger are to round up a bunch of the group members and hold a Level Jam weekend. (Level Jam – when a group of people get together and just try to design a bunch of levels for a game.) After the Level Jam, the group plans to move on to the next project and let "Clark 'n Dagger" fade into history – or become the next big seller.
As for Brody, he is starting his own company. He plans to make games for PC and Console systems with all games being downloadable. Brody says that he is aiming for the Indy game market and his demographic is the college crowd.
The guys at Cogswell's Game Club are always looking for feedback, so download(http://clarkndagger.tumblr.com/) their game and see what you think.
Thanks for reading and hope you enjoyed. Talk to you again soon.
Tags: brody brooks, clark & dagger, cogswell, games, igf, independent games festival, student


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Today, my 4 year old asked to go outside and play in the sprinkler. I told him not right now because I was busy and he's too little to play outside by himself. I came out of the laundry room later to find he'd brought the sprinkler in the house and turned the water on. At least he listened. FML
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Showing Suppliers 1 - 20 of 61
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As well as shooting KPMG's new millennium calender I shot a series of adverts for them. here is one.
Monthly Archives: June 2009
The Guardian: Round Table NAVAC
Another on-going Round Table panel at The Guardian. They are quite a challenge to get every speaker in the panel as I only have about an hour and some individuals can be quite hard work and camera shy. But I … Continue reading
COI: Careworkers Nilom Din
Another case study for the Central Office of Information (COI). This one was on an amazing lady called Nilom Din who worked as a carer in the community to a number of elderly and sick individuals. Nilom was one amazing woman and … Continue reading
The Guardian: Society – Roundtable
I am in the process of documenting a number of round table discussions hosted by The Guardian and mainly by the Society section. Here are a couple of images from todays discussion:


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This is the August 29, 2013 news archive. View today's Lions rumors and news.
Lions close exhibition season with a victory over Bills
detnews.com ESPN.com Updated Aug 29, 2013
The Lions forced three turnovers, and their second- and third-string offense moved the ball with ease in the first half as they closed the exhibition season with a 35-13 victory over the Bills Thursday night at Ralph Wilson Stadium.Share Tweet
Observation deck: Lions-BillsESPN.com Aug 29, 2013Reviewing the merciful end of the Detroit Lions' preseason, a 35-13 victory over the Buffalo Bills on Thursday: The biggest news of any preseason finale is whether any prominent players suffered injuries. The Lions suffered no obvious ailments, partly b…Share Tweet
Lions DE Jason Jones banks on bulk to add bite to gameAfter Jones signed with the Lions in March, he decided he could be more productive as his old self, so he started lifting more and taking extra supplements in addition to the big meals at mom's house.Share Tweet
RB Reggie Bush out vs. Bills; Joique Bell starts for LionsCoach Jim Schwartz has decided to give running back Reggie Bush the night off for the Lions' final preseason game against the Bills on Thursday night.Share Tweet
#NFLRank: Ndamukong Suh is No. 16ESPN.com Aug 29, 2013Let's pick up ESPN's #NFLRank project now that it includes another member of the Detroit Lions. As you recall, the exercise was to rank the NFL's top 100 offensive and top 100 defensive players. Defense 16. Ndamukong Suh Stats & Info: Since his rook…Share Tweet
Judge: NFL, players reach $765M concussion settlementThe NFL has reached a tentative $765 million settlement over concussion-related brain injuries among its',000 retired players, agreeing to compensate victims, pay for medical exams and underwrite research.Share Tweet
Report: Barkevious Mingo unlikely to play Week Oneprofootballtalk.com Aug 29, 2013Browns linebacker Barkevious Mingo resumed running this week for the first time since bruising his lung against the Lions on August 15, but there may not be enough time left for him to rehab the injury before the first week of the regular season. Adam S…Share Tweet
Morning Roar: Ziggy Ansah's in Week 1?ESPN.com profootballtalk.com Aug 29, 2013Good morning and ROARRRRRRRR! It's quite obvious that Detroit Lions rookie Ziggy Ansah won't play in Thursday night's preseason finale at the Buffalo Bills. The big question is whether he'll be ready for Week 1 of the regular season against the Minnesot…Share Tweet
Lions defensive backs critical of possible rule changeThe NFL will begin looking at the possibility of a safety-fueled rule change, but if the league bans hits to knees, a few Lions players worry how it will affect the way they play the game.Share Tweet
Willis lays out to make the grabAug 29Detroit Lions wide receiver Matt Willis makes a great diving grab between two Buffalo Bills safeties for a 39-yard gain.
Leinart intercepted by Mathis in Bills' territoryAug 29Buffalo Bills quarterback Matt Leinart throws his second interception in Thursday's game against the Detroit Lions. This time he is intercepted by Lions cornerback Rashean Mathis.
Edwards' 8-yard touchdown catchAug 29Detroit Lions wide receiver Patrick Edwards takes a screen pass from quarterback Shaun Hill and takes it 8 yards for the touchdown.
Durham's 6-yard touchdown receptionAug 29Detroit Lions wide receiver Kris Durham catches a 6-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Shaun Hill against the Buffalo Bills.


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The Nutcracker CD - Orchestra Stories in Music from Maestro ClassicsA holiday favorite, Tchaikovsky's ballet is known around the world. The hour-long adaptation, placed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, includes music from every section of the ballet. Learn More
The Classic Treasury of Childhood Wonders - Favorite adventrues, stories, poems, and songs for making lasting memories from National GraphicShare an adventure together. This magical book is filled with adventures, stories, poems, and songs for making lasting memories as a family. Includes index and extensive resources. Hardcover, 144 pages. Learn More
Hanukkah Cookies with SprinklesThis delightful book is sure to inspire family baking and sharing. Includes a note for families that describes the traditions and history of Hanukkah. Hardcover, 32 pages. Learn More
Jingle Bells - A Magical Cut-Paper EditionIntricate laser-cut artwork coupled with stunning silhouette-style illustrations brings this famous tune to life culminating with an elaborate pop-up Christmas scene conveying the magic of the season. Hardcover, 14 pages. Learn More
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van Dam, Rob M.a,b,c; Naidoo, Nasheena; Landberg, Rikardd
aSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System
bDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
cDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
dDepartment of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Correspondence to Rob M. van Dam, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore. Tel: +65 6516 4980; fax: +65 8221 4712; e-mail: email@example.com
Purpose of review: This review summarizes the results on flavonoid intakes and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Recent findings: Recent advances in food composition databases have allowed the evaluation of a more comprehensive range of flavonoids in epidemiological studies. In addition, the number of randomized trials of flavonoid-rich foods has increased rapidly. Results from both cohort studies and randomized trials suggest that anthocyanidins from berries and flavan-3-ols from green tea and cocoa may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Meta-analyses of randomized trials indicate that the strongest evidence exists for a beneficial effect of green tea on LDL-cholesterol and a beneficial effect of flavan-3-ol-rich cocoa on endothelial function and insulin sensitivity. Few randomized trials had a long duration or evaluated pure flavonoid compounds.
Summary: Evidence from cohort studies and randomized trials suggest beneficial effects of food sources of anthocyanidins (berries) and flavan-3-ols (green tea and cocoa) on cardiovascular health. These findings need to be confirmed in long-term randomized trials, and evaluation of pure compounds will be important to establish what specific flavonoids and doses are effective.
Flavonoids are a large group of secondary metabolites in plants. Among the flavonoids, several subclasses can be distinguished including flavonols (e.g. tea, onions, and apples), flavones (herbs and celery), flavanones (citrus fruit), flavan-3-ols (green tea, cocoa, and apples), anthocyanidins (colored berries), isoflavones (soy products), and polymeric forms [1]. Until recently, epidemiological research on the relationship between flavonoid intakes and health outcomes was hampered by the limited data on flavonoids in food composition tables. New versions of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) database and the Phenol-Explorer database include more detailed information on the flavonoid content of foods. As a result of substantial differences in chemical structure, there are large differences in bioavailability and bioactivity between different types of flavonoids. Therefore, distinction between different subclasses of flavonoids is clearly warranted in studies of their health effects. Only recently, a substantial number of epidemiological studies evaluating a wider range of flavonoid subclasses (e.g. anthocyanidins and flavanones) have been published. In addition, the number of randomized trials of flavonoid-rich foods has increased substantially. The aim of this article is to review the recent studies of flavonoids in relation to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases including epidemiological studies, randomized trials, meta-analyses, and mechanistic studies. This review will focus on flavonoids other than isoflavones as these phytoestrogens may affect cardiovascular disease through different biological pathways.
Assessment of flavonoid intakes is challenged by the large diversity of compounds belonging to this group of polyphenols. Many flavonoid compounds exist as glucosides in foods. To reduce the complexity and to facilitate studies on their effects on human health, flavonoids have typically been divided into subclasses according to the structural similarities and intakes are generally calculated on an aglycone basis. Different individual compounds belonging to the subclasses have been analyzed using a large variety of analytical techniques without much harmonization [2]. Variation in content because of variety, agronomic and environmental conditions, storage, and food processing further adds to the complexity and has made it difficult to assign content values to specific food items [3].
Recently, several new databases containing a large number of food items and flavonoid compounds have become available. The USDA provides databases on monomeric flavonoids, proanthocyanidins (oligomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols), and isoflavones. The most recent update was made in 2011 for monomeric flavonoids and it contains the composition of 28 predominant monomeric flavonoid compounds in 500 foods [4]. The USDA databases on the composition of proanthocyanidins and isoflavones were updated in 2004 and 2008, respectively [5,6]. Another recently developed database is Phenol-Explorer (www.phenol-explorer.eu) which contains 502 polyphenols (including 281 flavonoids) in 452 foods [2]. EuroFIR-BASIS is another database developed on bioactive compounds in plant-based foods and it contains some food content data on flavonoids and also on biological effects [7].
In a population-based study of 4942 French men and women (45–60 years), intake of polyphenols and flavonoids were assessed using the Phenol-Explorer database and repeated 24-h dietary recalls [8▪]. The mean estimated intake was 1.2 g/day for total polyphenols and 506 mg/day for flavonoids. The main contributing food items to total polyphenols were coffee (44%), tea (9%), apples (6%), and red wine (6%), with coffee contributing to intake of phenolic acids rather than flavonoids. In cohorts of US health professionals, intakes of total flavonoids were assessed using the USDA databases and food frequency questionnaires [9]. The mean total flavonoid intakes in the three cohorts ranged from 358 to 414 mg/day. Tea was the main source for total flavonoids followed by apples, orange juice, and strawberries.
Several recent major studies have explored the roles of anthocyanidins, flavanones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols and cocoa, and green and black tea on cardiovascular disease outcomes. These are discussed in detail below.
Recently, several cohort studies have published data on anthocyanidin intakes (typically ingested as glucosides) in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In three large US prospective cohorts of health professionals, a higher intake of anthocyanidins, but not other flavonoid subclasses, was consistently associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes [10▪]. Consumption of blueberries, the main source of anthocyanidins, was also associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in line with the findings for berry consumption in a Finnish cohort study [11]. In contrast, anthocyanidin intake was not associated with diabetes risk in the Iowa Women's Health Study possibly because important food sources of anthocyanidins were not assessed on the dietary questionnaire [12]. Anthocyanidin intakes were significantly associated with lower systolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity (a measure of arterial stiffness) in a cross-sectional study of UK women [13]; with a lower risk of hypertension in cohorts of US male and female health professionals [9]; and a lower risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease mortality in two other large US cohorts [14,15]. A randomized double-blind trial of 150 Chinese persons with hyperlipidemia tested the effect of anthocyanin extracts from berries over 24 weeks (Table 1) [16▪]. This intervention resulted in significant improvements in blood lipids and inflammatory markers. In an earlier trial, this research group also reported beneficial acute and longer term (12 weeks) effects of anthocyanin extracts on endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) [27]. These promising results warrant further randomized trials on the effects of anthocyanidins on metabolic and cardiovascular health.
In a cohort of female US nurses, higher intake of flavanones (from citrus fruit) was associated with a modestly lower incidence of stroke [28]. This result is consistent with the association between flavanone intakes and incidence of stroke in a Finnish cohort [11], but at odds with the lack of association with stroke mortality in two other US cohorts [14,15]. In a cross-over study of 24 healthy overweight French men, both orange juice and the flavanone hesperidin reduced diastolic blood pressure over 4 weeks, suggesting that hesperidin may be responsible for this beneficial effect of citrus fruit [17▪]. However, multiple cardiovascular biomarkers were evaluated as an outcome which increases the probability of chance findings. Overall, recent studies have provided some support for the potential benefits of flavanone intake for cardiovascular health, but the evidence is mixed and further studies are clearly needed.
Early epidemiological studies of flavonoids mainly focused on flavonols (sometimes in combination with flavones for which intakes are much lower) and strong inverse associations with coronary heart disease and stroke were reported. However, in a recent meta-analysis of nine cohort studies conducted in Europe and the USA, flavonol intake was not substantially associated with the risk of coronary heart disease [summary relative risk (RR) 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–1.01 for highest vs. lowest category] [29]. For stroke, a meta-analysis of six cohort studies published up to 2009 supported an inverse association (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65–0.98), but results varied substantially between cohorts [30] and no significant association with stroke mortality was observed in two large cohort studies published after the meta-analysis [15,28]. Thus, the overall epidemiological evidence for a beneficial effect of flavonols is weak for coronary heart disease and inconsistent for stroke. This does not necessarily mean that these dietary components do not provide any benefits for cardiovascular health as measurement error for the assessment of flavonol intakes may have substantially weakened the observed associations. In a recent cross-sectional study, US women with higher flavonol intakes had lower soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels reflecting better endothelial function [31].
Few intervention studies in humans have evaluated pure flavonol compounds. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, 4 weeks of supplementation with the flavonol quercetin reduced blood pressure in participants with hypertension, but not in those without hypertension [32]. No significant effects were found on the markers of oxidative stress, blood lipids, or fasting glucose concentrations. These results are intriguing but were based on only 22 individuals with hypertension and require confirmation.
Results for total flavan-3-ol intake and risk of cardiovascular diseases in cohort studies have been inconsistent [14,15]. In contrast, most studies of chocolate and cocoa consumption reported an inverse association with the risk of cardiovascular diseases [33,34]. In addition, a large number of trials of the effect of cocoa intake on cardiometabolic biomarkers have been conducted. In a meta-analysis of randomized trials of at least 2 weeks duration, cocoa intake reduced systolic (−2.8 mmHg; 95% CI −4.7 to −0.8; 20 trials) and diastolic blood pressure (−2.2 mmHg; 95% CI −3.5 to −0.9; 19 trials) [35]. However, heterogeneity in the study results was large and tests for publication bias were marginally significant. In subgroup analyses, substantial effects on blood pressure were only found in studies that used a control intervention without any flavanols rather than a low-flavanol control; used an intervention that was not blinded for the participants; or had an intervention duration of only 2 weeks. Because these characteristics largely overlapped between studies, the authors could not distinguish whether the observed effects in these subgroups were a result of a greater contrast in flavanol intakes between the intervention and control group; bias because of a lack of blinding; or an effect that is only short term. In another meta-analysis, the pooled effect of cocoa on lowering LDL-cholesterol and increasing HDL-cholesterol levels was only marginally significant with large heterogeneity and inconsistent results in stratified analyses [18▪▪].
Fewer studies have evaluated the effects of cocoa intake on endothelial function measured by FMD and insulin resistance measured by the HOMA index. However, in meta-analyses the pooled effects for cocoa interventions lasting at least 2 weeks were highly statistically significant and consistent across studies (Table 1) [18▪▪,19]. It should be noted that the trials were small with 181 participants in five trials for insulin resistance and 382 participants in 10 trials for endothelial function. Consistent with the meta-analyses, a subsequently published double-blind, randomized trial in 90 elderly participants found a beneficial effect of cocoa on HOMA-insulin resistance [20]. In addition to the chronic effects, cocoa has also been shown to acutely improve FMD and similar acute effects have been found for the pure flavanol (−)-epicatechin, supporting the hypothesis that flavanols are responsible for the effects of cocoa on endothelial function [36].
Until recently, trials of the effects of cocoa intake on cardiometabolic biomarkers have been of short duration (maximum of 18 weeks). In a 1-year trial in 93 postmenopausal medicated women with type 2 diabetes, a combination of isoflavones and flavan-3-ols significantly reduced the HOMA index for insulin resistance and LDL-cholesterol [21▪]. These data do not allow distinction between the effects of flavan-3-ols and isoflavone-rich extracts, but suggest that flavonoids can have beneficial long-term effects on cardiovascular health.
Tea is a source of various flavonoids including flavonols and flavan-3-ols with substantially higher flavan-3-ol concentrations in green tea as compared with black tea. Higher black tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease in early studies, but not in a recent meta-analysis [37]. In contrast, green tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease based on five studies in Japan and China, but this finding requires further confirmation as only two prospective studies were available. The association between tea consumption and stroke was also evaluated in a recent meta-analysis of cohort studies [38]. Again, this association was stronger for green tea (summary RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.72–0.96 for 3 cups per day increment; 5 studies) than for black tea (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83–0.98; 13 studies). In a large case-cohort study in eight European countries, tea consumption (predominantly black tea) was associated with a modestly lower risk of type 2 diabetes (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71–1.00 for ≥4 vs. 0 cups per day) [39] and consistent with the results from an earlier meta-analysis of cohort studies [40]. Few studies have been published on green tea and the development of type 2 diabetes, and the results have so far been inconsistent [41,42]. Taken together, epidemiological evidence does not support a substantial effect of black tea consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. In most populations, tea consumption is associated with a more health conscious lifestyle. Although the described studies adjusted for potential confounding by lifestyle factors, residual confounding could explain the modest associations between black tea and risk of type 2 diabetes and stroke. The association between green tea and a lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke was stronger than for black tea, but requires confirmation in further studies.
In a recent meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials, green tea consumption significantly reduced LDL-cholesterol and heterogeneity in study results was limited (Table 1). In contrast, no effect on HDL-cholesterol concentrations was observed. The effect on LDL-cholesterol was found regardless of the type of intervention (beverage or capsule), study quality, or industry funding [22▪]. An independent meta-analysis [23] and two randomized trials of green tea extracts published subsequently [25,26] confirmed the beneficial effect on LDL-cholesterol. Black tea consumption did not have substantial effects on LDL-cholesterol [43]. In contrast, both green tea and black tea appeared to increase FMD in randomized controlled trials although this mainly reflected acute effects as few studies evaluated effects of longer term consumption [24].
Flavonoids are potent antioxidants in vitro through their scavenging of several types of radicals and their metal ion chelating abilities. However, there is little evidence of antioxidant effects in vivo[44]. This is probably explained by the generally low concentrations in blood because of low bioavailability and extensive metabolism which reduces their antioxidant activity [45]. Recently, research has shifted focus from antioxidant effects to other aspects of bioactivity of flavonoid compounds such as effects on signal transduction and different enzyme systems [46].
Effects of flavonoids on cardiometabolic biomarkers have been intensively studied in different model systems. For example, results from recent animal studies suggest that catechins (part of the flavan-3-ol subclass) such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, have beneficial effects on the components of the metabolic syndrome. In a high-fat Western diet mouse model, EGCG reduced body fatness, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and systemic inflammation [47]. Effects appeared to be partly mediated through direct postprandial effects on energy balance and lipid metabolism caused by decreased lipid absorption and increased lipid oxidation [48]. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects mediated through blocking NF-κB activation in endothelial cells may have contributed to the observed beneficial effects. Several catechins may also activate the enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which plays a central role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. When activated, AMPK increases cellular energy availability by inhibiting anabolic pathways (e.g. synthesis of glucose and lipids) and stimulating catabolic pathways (e.g. glucose and fat oxidation) [46]. Animal studies also suggest that EGCG may have antidiabetic properties through enhanced pancreatic beta-cell function [49].
Several flavonoid compounds, particularly among the flavan-3-ols and anthocyanidins, have been shown to improve endothelial function in experimental studies. This improvement is likely to be mediated by a greater availability of the signaling molecule nitric oxide which increases vascular smooth muscle relaxation leading to arterial vasodilation [50▪]. Nitric oxide is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase, and flavan-3-ols and anthocyanidins have been shown to upregulate the expression of this enzyme and its activity. In addition, anthocyanidin compounds have been shown to inhibit endothelial NADPH oxidase which reduces the bioactivity of nitric oxide in the endothelium [51].
In general, the relevance of in-vitro and animal studies needs to be confirmed for human in-vivo conditions, because many studies tested unrealistic amounts of flavonoid compounds. Moreover, parent compounds rather than metabolites have most often been evaluated, despite the fact that parent compounds typically have low bioavailability and rapid elimination through metabolism and excretion [52].
Our review of the recent scientific literature on flavonoid intakes and cardiovascular health highlights the substantial advances in the available evidence. In contrast to the results from early studies, the overall data from epidemiological research provides little support for a relationship between higher intakes of flavonols and black tea and a lower risk of coronary heart disease. In contrast, promising results from epidemiological studies and randomized trials are emerging for the beneficial effects of higher intakes of anthocyanidins, green tea, and cocoa on cardiovascular and metabolic health. These findings require confirmation in further prospective cohort studies and larger trials of longer duration. Meta-analyses have highlighted that many of the trials have potential methodological limitations including being underpowered; lack of allocation concealment or adequate reporting thereof; incomplete blinding of participants and researchers; incomplete reporting of dropouts; and industry involvement [18▪▪,22▪]. However, several of the findings, including beneficial effects of green tea on LDL-cholesterol and of cocoa on endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, were robust for exclusions of studies with these limitations. A limitation that remains for almost all published trials is the short duration of the intervention and the use of flavonoid-rich foods or food extracts rather than specific flavonoid compounds. Randomized trials of pure flavonoid compounds are needed to establish that flavonoids are responsible for the health effects of flavonoid-rich foods and what specific flavonoid components and doses are effective. Currently, it seems reasonable to recommend green tea among several healthy beverage choices, berries as part of varied fruit consumption pattern, and dark chocolate in moderate amounts as a preferred alternative to milk or white chocolate. However, establishing what specific compounds in flavonoid-rich foods are responsible for the health benefits is of both scientific and public health interest as consumers may currently receive highly variable health benefits from these foods depending on the concentration of active components.
R.M.v.D. was supported by the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore. R.L. was supported by a Research Grant for Young Investigators from the Swedish Research Council.
R.M.v.D. has received funding for independent research from Nestlé.
Papers of particular interest, published within the annual period of review, have been highlighted as:
▪ of special interest
▪▪ of outstanding interest
Additional references related to this topic can also be found in the Current World Literature section in this issue (pp. 89–90).
This article provides a comprehensive description of the intake of different classes of polyphenols and their major food sources in a population-based sample based on the new Phenol-Explorer food composition database.
This article is the first study to report an association between anthocyanidin intake, but not other flavonoid classes, and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes based on data from three US cohort studies. The results also suggest that associations between fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes may depend on the type of fruit consumed with berries and apples being particularly beneficial.
Results from this 24-week randomized trial of 150 Chinese individuals are among the first to suggest that intake of anthocyanins may reduce inflammation and improve blood lipid concentrations and endothelial function.
This trial tested the effects of the isolated flavonoid hesperidin in addition to orange juice, suggesting that at least some of the health benefits of citrus fruit are mediated by flavonoids.
This is a meta-analysis of a large number of randomized trials on cocoa intake and cardiometabolic biomarkers highlighting the methodological strengths and limitation of the research conducted to date. The results suggest that cocoa intake may improve endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, whereas evidence for effects on blood lipids and blood pressure is weaker.
The results from this 12-month trial extends evidence from shorter term trials, suggesting that beneficial effects of flavan-3-ol and isoflavone-rich extracts can lead to long-term improvements in LDL-cholesterol and insulin sensitivity.
The results of this meta-analysis of a large number of randomized trials indicate that green tea consumption can lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations.
This study reviews the latest findings on the effects of anthocyanins on cardiovascular diseases based on model experiments and the few existing epidemiologic and intervention studies in humans. Potential mechanisms are discussed.
anthocyanidins; catechins; flavan-3-ols; flavonoids; hesperidin
© 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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I agree they should be, but often they're used for other things - to express anger and frustration, criticize, argue, etc. I was asking which was the focus of your posts.
In my experience, a lot of arguments start out as misunderstandings, and then everyone gets so worked up that any chance of the misunderstanding getting resolved goes out the window. Once you realize that's the situation, there's really only two options left - you can either back out, or keep duking it out until you're completely exhausted, with nothing to show for it.
Anyway, as you say, moving on.
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Index of content:
Volume 9, Issue 5, May 1997
An intermittency model for passive-scalar turbulence9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869265View Description Hide Description
A phenomenological model for the inertial range scaling of passive-scalar turbulence is developed based on a bivariate log-Poisson model. An analytical formula of the scaling exponent for three-dimensional passive-scalar turbulence is deduced. The predicted scaling exponents are compared with experimental measurements, showing good agreement.
On recent intermittency models of turbulence9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869266View Description Hide Description
Two recent intermittencymodels by Chen and Cao [Phys. Rev. E 52, R5757 (1995)] and Nelkin [Phys. Rev. E 52, R4610 (1995)] stemming from Novikov's criticism [Phys. Rev. E 50, R3303 (1994)] on the She–Lévêque model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 336 (1994)] are discussed. Both models are rewritten using (deviation from Kolmogorov 1941 of the sixth order structure function exponent) values computed numerically and using longitudinal and lateral velocity differences). Scaling exponents are compared.
Conduction in the small gap between two spheres9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869260View Description Hide Description
A solution to the conduction equation has been developed for two equal size, nonconducting spheres with the line between centers perpendicular to the applied field. The solution, valid when the gap between the spheres is small compared to their radius, is based on a matched asymptotic expansion. For the case when the conductivity is uniform everywhere (i.e., Laplace's equation), the solution agrees well with numerical results obtained from an infinite series solution in bispherical coordinates. An example with a nonuniform conductivity in the gap is presented to demonstrate how the method can be extended to more general conduction problems.
Analytic solutions for Stokes flow past a partially encapsulated droplet9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869261View Description Hide Description
The Stokes flow past the unusual geometry of two fused (overlapping) spheres, somewhat surprisingly, has an exact analytic solution, provided that the spheres intersect orthogonally. The problem of flow past a partially encapsulated droplet is considered, to illustrate the basic idea. The simple nature of the analytical solution is of some interest in biophysical models of molecular assemblies involving a combination of stick and slip surfaces.
The conformation change of model polymers in stochastic flow fields: Flow through fixed beds9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869262View Description Hide Description
Simulations of the conformation change of model polymers in various steady, anisotropic Gaussian random flow fields are presented. These flow fields have been chosen because they are models for the flow through porous media and have been predicted to be "stochastic strong flows" according to the criteria developed by Shaqfeh and Koch [J. Fluid Mech. 244, 17 (1992)]. To be specific, beyond a certain Deborah number (based on the sampling time of a velocity fluctuation), large average conformation change in the polymer is predicted. In our simulations, the polymers are modeled as dumbbells, but beyond this restriction, the assumptions of the theory by Shaqfeh and Koch are removed. Many realizations of the Gaussian fields are synthesized spectrally following a modified version of the method developed by Kraichnan [Phys. Fluids 13, 22 (1970)]. Moreover, the ratio of the mean "plug" flow to the amplitude of the fluctuations is varied from mean-dominant to fluctuation-dominant flows. The simulated conformation change shows that, in fact, these flows are "strong" in the sense that the average second moment of the end-to-end distance becomes large (relative to equilibrium) beyond a critical value of the fluctuation Deborah number. Although qualitatively capturing these trends, the theory by Shaqfeh and Koch underestimates the strength of the flows and thus overestimates the critical Deborah number. We present a new theory which includes spring relaxation and Brownian motion in the sampling of a velocity fluctuation (two factors which were neglected in the existing theory), thereby breaking the fore–aft symmetry of the sampling, thus increasing the average polymer stretch. The new theory quantitatively predicts the simulation results. To the authors knowledge, this is the first evidence via direct simulation that these random flows can produce large conformation change in model polymer molecules, even when the mean flow would produce no such change.
Local similarity solutions in the presence of a slip boundary condition9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869263View Description Hide Description
The local solution behavior near corners formed by the intersection of a slip surface with either a no-slip or a shear-free boundary is analyzed by finite element calculations of the two-dimensional flow of an inertialess Newtonian fluid in several model flow geometries; these flows are the flow in a tapered contraction, a sudden expansion and the extrudate swell from a planar die. Local finite element mesh refinement based on irregular, embedded elements is used to obtain extremely fine resolution of the velocity and pressure fields near the region where there is a sudden change in boundary condition. The calculations accurately reproduce the expected asymptotic behavior for a shear-free surface intersecting a no-slip boundary, where the solution is given by a self-similar form for the velocity and pressure fields. Replacing the shear-free condition with a slip condition yields a similar form for the local velocity and pressure fields and indicates that the slip boundary behaves, to leading order, as a shear-free surface. Calculations for a slip boundary intersecting a shear-free surface yield similar results, with the local behavior being given by asymptotic analysis for two shear-free surfaces intersecting to form a wedge. These results suggest that replacing the no-slip boundary condition in planar Newtonian die swell with a slip boundary condition can give rise to local behavior of velocity gradients and pressure which is more singular than the flow created with no-slip boundary conditions. This prediction is confirmed by calculations of Newtonian die swell with slip. These calculations also demonstrate that the local solution in Newtonian die swell is sensitive to the details of the numerical method.
Measurement of the inertial lift on a moving sphere in contact with a plane wall in a shear flow9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869264View Description Hide Description
The translational and rotational velocities of a positively buoyant sphere suspended in a parallel plate device are measured, and related to the inertial lift of the sphere from the upper plate. The experimental results obtained agree well with the corrected theoretical predictions of Krishnan and Leighton [Phys. Fluids 7, 11 (1995)]. The motion of the sphere principally depends on the shear Reynolds number, where is the shear rate, is the particle radius and the kinematicviscosity, and the sedimentationReynolds number where is the Stokes sedimentation velocity of the sphere. The transition from translation without slip to translation with slip along the plane is observed to scale as Re/ and occurs at order . The separation of the sphere from the plane due to inertial lift at low Reynolds number is found to have the scaling as predicted by theory. In experiments with two particles of diameter 1.5 and 2 mm in two glycerin/water solutions of different densities, the particles were found to lift off the plane at . This value is consistent with measurements of the particle surface roughness.
Wave damping by a thin layer of viscous fluid9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869240View Description Hide Description
The rate of damping of surface gravity–capillary waves is investigated, in a system which consists of a thin layer of a Newtonian viscous fluid of thickness floating on a Newtonian fluid of infinite depth. The surface and interfacial tensions, elasticities and viscosities are taken into account. In particular, an approximate dispersion relation is derived for the case where and are both small, where is the wavenumber, is the angular frequency and is the kinematicviscosity of the upper fluid. If while remains finite, published dispersion relations for viscoelasticsurface films of extremely small (e.g., monomolecular) thickness are reproduced, if we add the surface and interfacial tensions, elasticities and viscosities together, and then add an additional to the surfaceviscosity, where is the density of the upper fluid. A simple approximation is derived for the damping rate and associated frequency shift when their magnitudes are both small. An example is given of what may happen with a slick of heavy fuel oil on water: a slick 10 thick produces a damping rate only slightly different from that of a film of essentially zero thickness, but the effect of the finite thickness becomes very noticeable if it is increased to 0.1–1 mm.
Effects of lift on the motion of particles in the recessed regions of a slider9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869241View Description Hide Description
Particle contamination in a cavity, or a recessed region, on the slider surface is an important issue in slider designs for magnetic recording. In this paper, a model is developed for the simulation of particle motion in a recessed region, in which various forces such as viscous drag, Saffman lift, Magnus lift, and gravity are considered. It is found that the latter two forces have a very small effect on the vertical motion of the particles compared with the Saffman lift, and they can be neglected in the analysis. It is also found, through the simulation for various cases, that the Saffman lift is not so important for the motion of the smaller particles as for the motion of larger particles, and that the magnitude of the velocity of particles relative to the air flow affects the Saffman lift, or vertical motion of the particles, significantly. The air flow velocity is relatively low in a recessed region, and a particle often has a large relative velocity with positive sign when entering it, which causes the Saffman lift force to point to the surface of the slider. Therefore, particle contamination on the slider occurs at the edges of the recessed region. A similar result can also be obtained for the particles entering an air bearing under a taper, which explains why the contamination is concentrated on the surface of tapers.
Absolute instability of Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a time-periodic shear flow9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869242View Description Hide Description
The onset of thermal convection in an oscillatory shear flow is considered as an initial-value problem. For the case with zero mean shear, numerical results indicate that the instability is absolute in nature, just as for the case without any shear. If a mean flow component also exists, then the instability tends to have the same nature as that which occurs in the flow when no oscillation is present.
Combined thermocapillary-buoyancy convection in a cavity. Part II. An experimental study9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869243View Description Hide Description
The problem of buoyant-thermocapillary convection in cavities is governed by a relatively large number of nondimensional parameters, and there is consequently a large number of different types of flow that can be found in this system. Previous results give disjoint glimpses of a wide variety of qualitatively and quantitatively different results in widely different parts of parameter space. In this study, we report experiments on the primary and secondary instabilities for acetone as the working fluid with a Prandtl number of 4.44, and in a geometry with equal aspect ratios in the range from 1 to 8 in both the direction along and perpendicular to the applied temperature gradient. We thus complement previous work that mostly involved either fluid layers of large extent in both directions, or consisted of investigations of strictly two-dimensional disturbances. We investigate the qualitative and quantitative features of the fluid velocity field by flow visualization and particle tracking techniques. We observe the primary transition from an essentially two-dimensional flow to steady three-dimensional longitudinal rolls. The critical Marangoni number for this first transition is found to depend on the aspect ratios of the system, and varies from at aspect ratio 2.0 to at aspect ratio 3.5. The structure of the steady three-dimensional flow far above the transition is found to involve a nonintuitive reverse flow against the temperature driving due to the strongly nonlinear three-dimensional flow associated with the longitudinal rolls. Further, we have investigated the stability of this three-dimensional flow at larger Marangoni numbers, and find a novel oscillatory flow at critical Marangoni numbers of the order of We suggest possible mechanisms that give rise to the oscillations.
Transitional regimes of low-Prandtl thermal convection in a cylindrical cell9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869244View Description Hide Description
The transitions from the onset of convection to fully developed turbulence of a Rayleigh–Bénard flow, in a low-aspect-ratio cell and in mercury, are studied through three-dimensional numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations. The calculation of the growth rate of the azimuthal energy modes permitted the accurate determination of the critical Rayleigh number for the establishment of the convective regime which is in good agreement with analytical and other numerical results. Increasing the Rayleigh number, the flow remained steady up to when an oscillatory instability was observed. Further increases in the Rayleigh produced a chaotic state through the period doubling mechanism and finally the turbulent state was achieved. It is shown that for the mean flow consists of a large-scale convective cell which persists in the whole range of studied Rayleigh numbers . The dependence of the Nusselt number over the Rayleigh number is also analyzed and, for , when the turbulent state is reached, a power law in quantitative agreement with previous results at higher Ra is observed.
Chaotic heat transfer enhancement in rotating eccentric annular-flow systems9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869245View Description Hide Description
Thermal Taylor dispersion theory for time-periodic systems was used to study the extent of chaotic laminar heat transfer enhancement and axial thermal dispersion occurring during combined transverse and axial annular flow between two nonconcentric circular cylinders undergoing alternate rotations. A local Newton's "law of cooling" heat transferboundary condition was used on the outer cylinder, whereas the inner cylinder was supposed insulated. The effective heat transfer coefficient describing the global rate of heat loss from the system (differing in general from the true microscale Newton's law heat transfer coefficient on the outer cylinder) was calculated as a function of the system parameters, thereby serving to quantify the extent of chaotic heat transfer enhancement. The axial thermal Taylor dispersivity provided an independent measure of the effects of chaotic mixing, as too did the axial thermal velocity. Calculations were performed for three different cases: (i) concentric cylinder rotation (for which case the resulting circular transverse flow has no effect upon the effective transport properties); (ii) nonconcentric counter-rotating circular cylinders, each undergoing a steady rotation, thereby creating a time-independent transverse flow field; (iii) nonconcentric counter- and co-rotating circular cylinders, each undergoing time-periodic alternate rotation while the other remains at rest. A "regular" enhancement of the heat transfer rate over the concentric cylinder case was observed in case (ii), arising from the presence of a secondary-flow recirculation region. Enhancement due to chaotic advection was observed in case (iii) [about 50% more than that of case (ii) and more than double that of case (i), all other things being equal]. Concomitant values of the axial thermal Taylor dispersivity and axial thermal velocity confirmed the existence of enhanced transverse transport due to chaotic advection. It was observed that the functional dependence of the enhanced heat transfer rate upon the system parameters does not consistently display the same trends as are qualitatively suggested by the "degree of chaoticity" of the comparable Poincaré plots. This observation signals the need for caution in simply assuming that the greater the degree of chaotic "mixing" implicit in the Poincaré plot the greater will be the corresponding global transport rate. By simple redefinition of the symbols used in the present paper, our energy transport results may be re-interpreted so as to apply to the case of reactive-species transport involving a first-order irreversible chemical reaction occurring on the outer-cylinder surface; explicitly, the Nusselt number quantifying the local heat transfer coefficient rate is simply replaced by a comparable Damköhler number quantifying the local kinetics of the surface reaction.
On the three-dimensional instabilities of plane flows subjected to Coriolis force9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869273View Description Hide Description
Linear stability of two-dimensional flows in a frame rotating with angular velocity vector perpendicular to their plane is considered. Sufficient conditions for instability have been derived for simple inviscid flows, namely parallel shear flows (characterized by the "Pedley" or "Bradshaw-Richardson" number), circular vortices (by the "generalized Rayleigh" discriminant) and unbounded flows having a quadratic streamfunction (with elliptical, rectilinear or hyperbolic streamlines). These exact criteria are reviewed and contrasted using stability analysis for both three-dimensional disturbances and oversimplified "pressureless" versions of the linear theory. These suggest that one defines a general inviscid criterion for rotation and curvature, based on the sign of the second invariant of the "inertial tensor," and stating that, in a Cartesian coordinate frame: a sufficient condition for instability is that somewhere in the flow domain. It involves the "tilting vorticity" [Cambon et al., J. Fluid Mech. 175 (1994)] and the symmetric part of the velocity gradient of the basic flow.
On the effects of suction and injection on the absolute instability of the rotating-disk boundary layer9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869246View Description Hide Description
In this paper we are concerned with the theoretical behavior of the laminar von Kármán boundary-layer flow, extending the work presented by Lingwood [J. Fluid Mech. 299, 17 (1995); 314, 373 (1996)] to the flow with mass transfer at the surface of the disk. It is known that, within specific regions of the parameter space, the flow is absolutely unstable in the radial direction, i.e. disturbances grow in time at every radial location within these regions. Uniform suction through the disk is shown to delay the onset of absolute instability, while uniform injection promotes the onset. By comparing suction and injection velocities of the same magnitude, it is shown that suction has a greater stabilizing effect on the absolute instability than the destabilizing effect of injection. Suction is also strongly stabilizing to both stationary and travelling inviscidly unstable branch-1 modes; injection is destabilizing. Stationary viscously unstable branch-2 modes are strongly stabilized and destabilized by suction and injection, respectively, but travelling branch-2 modes are shown to be much less sensitive to mass transfer through the disk.
A particle scheme for the numerical solution of the Enskog equation9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869247View Description Hide Description
It is shown that the kinetic equation proposed by Enskog for a dense hard sphere gas can be solved numerically by a particle simulation method. The technique can be considered an extension of the well known DSMC method used to solve the Boltzmann equation. Unlike a recently proposed Nanbu-like particle scheme, the present method exactly preserves momentum and energy. The calculation of the density profile in a dense gas in equilibrium near a hard wall is presented as an example.
Coarsening of solid-liquid mixtures in a random acceleration field9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869259View Description Hide Description
The effects of flow induced by a random acceleration field (g-jitter) are considered in two related situations that are of interest for microgravity fluid experiments: the random motion of isolated buoyant particles, and diffusion driven coarsening of a solid-liquid mixture. We start by analyzing in detail actual accelerometer data gathered during a recent microgravity mission, and obtain the values of the parameters defining a previously introduced stochastic model of this acceleration field. The diffusive motion of a single solid particle suspended in an incompressible fluid that is subjected to such random accelerations is considered, and mean squared velocities and effective diffusion coefficients are explicitly given. We next study the flow induced by an ensemble of such particles, and show the existence of a hydrodynamically induced attraction between pairs of particles at distances large compared with their radii, and repulsion at short distances. Finally, a mean field analysis is used to estimate the effect of g-jitter on diffusion controlled coarsening of a solid-liquid mixture. Corrections to classical coarsening rates due to the induced fluid motion are calculated, and estimates are given for coarsening of Sn-rich particles in a Sn-Pb eutectic fluid, an experiment to be conducted in microgravity in the near future.
Transition flow in an impact pressure probe: Relevance of gas–wall interaction9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869248View Description Hide Description
Impact pressure probes may be used to measure the stagnation pressure of a spacecraft vehicle during reentry into the atmosphere. We model the flow in an impact pressure probe in the collision-free and transition regime using a kinetic simulation scheme of the Boltzmann equation. It is shown that, depending on the gasdynamicproperties density, velocity, temperature of the inflow into the impact pressure probe, the measuredpressure may deviate by almost a factor 2 from the stagnation pressure. Furthermore, we study the dependence of the flow in the impact pressure probe on the gas–wall interaction. The models by Maxwell, Cercignani and Lampis, and by Lord are implemented. The influence of the gas–wall interaction is sensible for small accommodation coefficients; it is more pronounced, however, for temperature and density than for the pressure.
Passive scalar conditional statistics in a model of random advection9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869249View Description Hide Description
We study numerically a model of random advection of a passive scalar by an incompressible velocity field of different prescribed statistics. Our focus is on the conditional statistics of the passive scalar and specifically on two conditional averages: the averages of the time derivative squared and the second time derivative of the scalar when its fluctuation is at a given value. We find that these two conditional averages can be quite well approximated by polynomials whose coefficients can be expressed in terms of scalar moments and correlations of the scalar with its time derivatives. With the fitted polynomials for the conditional averages, analytical forms for the probability density function (pdf) of the scalar are obtained. The variation of the coefficients with the parameters of the model result in a change in the pdf. Three different kinds of velocity statistics, (i) Gaussian, (ii) exponential, and (iii) triangular, are studied, and the same qualitative results are found demonstrating that the one-point statistics of the velocity field do not affect the statistical properties of the passive scalar.
Statistics of turbulence in a generalized random-force-driven Burgers equation9(1997); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869250View Description Hide Description
The statistics of solutions to a family of one-dimensional random-force-driven advection-diffusion equations is studied using high resolution numerical simulations. The equation differs from the usual Burgers equation by the non-local form of the nonlinear interaction term mimicking the non-locality of the Navier–Stokes equation. It is shown that under an appropriate choice of random forcing the statistical properties of the solution (energy spectrum and scaling exponents of structure functions) coincide with those of Kolmogorov turbulence. Also, a generalization is proposed which allows intermittency effects to be modeled.


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