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Gagauz Republic- In August of 1990, Turkish-speaking Christians concentrated in southern Moldova, known as the Gagauz, seceded from Moldova and petitioned Moscow for recognition as a full SSR. Violence broke out as elections for the new government drew near in late October, and a state of emergency was declared. The Gagauz government became more isolated throughout the following months, in part because the Gagauz Premier Stepan Topal allied himself with Communist hardliners in reaction to Moldova's increasing autonomy. Moldovan troops arrested seceral Gagauz leaders in the wake of the August 1990 coup in Moscow. Talks in 1992 granted the Gagauz autonomy within Moldova. The Gagauz also seceded from Russia in January of 1906, but this abortive revolution was thwarted by the Russian police two weeks later.
Galicia- see West Ukraine, People's Republic of.
Gallic Empire- The Roman Empire's later years were punctuated by periods of chaos upon the death of nearly every emperor. During one of these periods, the Roman general Postumus, who commanded the legions along the Rhine, was declared emperor by his troops. While Postumus accepted the acclaim of his troops, he refused to march on Rome. Instead, he occupied the imperial palace at Trier in northern Gaul and busied himself repairing the Rhine defenses. Soon, Gaul, Spain, Britain, and Rome's German provinces defected to the new empire. Rome left Postumus to his own devices, since the emperor there was busy fighting off other would-be usurpers. Exasperated by his refusal to go plunder Italy, the army sent an assassin to murder Postumus in 269 CE. A series of weak and greedy dictators followed, under whom Spain and southern Gaul returned to Roman allegiance. In 271, amidst a fresh German invasion, Tetricus assumed the Gallic throne and fended off the Teutons. In 274, the Emperor Aurelian marched on Trier, intent on reclaiming Gaul. Almost immediately after the battle started, Tetricus surrendered. Many felt that this surrender had been arranged in a secret deal, a suspicion that was confirmed for many when Tetricus was appointed to a lucrative administrative position in southern Italy. Gaul and Britain returned quietly to the Empire, and the kingmakers of the Rhine legions returned to garrison duty.
Galveston- Born in 1779, Jean Lafitte emigrated to the New World. He took up privateering, and by the time he was thirty, ruled the island of Grande Terre in Barataria Bay outside New Orleans, where he sold stolen slaves. In 1813, Lafitte was charged with piracy by federal authorities, but escaped prosecution with the help of local magistrates, who had invested heavily in Lafitte's enterprises. Soon afterwards, Lafitte was approached by British agents, who offered him a royal commission if he would bring his fleet into the War of 1812 against the Americans. Lafitte instead mustered two thousand men and played a vital role in the Battle of New Orleans, by providing not just men but also powder. Faced with an unsympathetic and much stronger federal presence at New Orleans, Lafitte moved his base of operations to Galveston Island, in the Mexican province of Tejas. Within in a year, he had returned to privateering, selling stolen slaves from Galveston; James Bowie made a small fortune as Lafitte's middleman. Lafitte, promised restitution for his contributions during the War of 1812, made several trips to Washington but never succeeded in getting the funds. In 1821, the U.S. Navy again ejected Lafitte from his base at Galveston. Lafitte moved to Mugeres Island off the Yucatan coast; he traveled to Mexico in 1825, hoping to recover from a serious illness.
Ganienkeh, North American Indian State of- also Ganiekeh. The 1970s saw a number of highly publicized confrontations between the U.S. government and Native Americans, such as the Oglala Nation's standoff at Wounded Knee and the Alcatraz occupation. Another clash occurred at Moss Lake in upstate New York. After the federal Indian Claims Commission refused to consider compensation to the Mohawk Nation, saying that its jurisdiction only covered western tribes, a group of Mohawk activists declared 600 acres near Moss Lake the sovereign Mohawk territory of Ganienkeh, and further laid claim to all of northeastern New York. After a firefight between the Mohawks and local vigilantes, the state government started eviction proceedings. When the federal courts refused to hear the matter, Assistant State Attorney General Mario Cuomo was dispatched to negotiate a settlement. In May of 1977, the Mohawks accepted a smaller land grant and the crisis was ended.
Geralia- see Republic of Rio Grande do Sul.
Gilan, Persian Soviet Socialist Republic of- The Gilakis are a people of mixed Turkish and Persian origin who reside south of Azerbaijan. In 1920, Soviet forces invaded the province of Gilan and attempted to create a friendly Communist state. Local opposition scuttled Bolshevik plans, and the Soviets withdrew after the Shah granted them a lucrative oil concession.
Girokaster, Republic of- see Republic of Korçë.
Gorno-Badakhshan- see Badakhshan.
Gorongosa- A minor prazero in the Zambezi region, Gorongosa was thrown into chaos by the war against Massangano. Its army was routed, and the troubles were heightened by the loss of the de Sousa heir. In 1880, Manuel Antonio de Sousa came to power, and defeated the nearby chiefdom of Baroe. This strategic conquest allowed Gorongosa to nurture pretensions of dominating the entire inland veldt, and brought a second war with Massangano. De Sousa shattered the army of Massangano in a single battle in close cooperation with the Portuguese authorities. De Sousa was forced to flee later after his coziness with the colonial governor upset several of his henchmen. Gorongosa was torn by civil war among rival warlords throughout the 1890s, and this collapse helped speed the final end of the prazero system.
Gosha, Sultanate of- The Gosha Valley in southern Somalia was first settled in the mid-nineteenth century. The inhabitants were runaway slaves from nearby plantations. During the 1880s, the valley came under the control of Nassib Bunda. Bunda was renowned as a sorcerer, and was not a bad ruler either. For two decades, the Italian colonial government was helpless against him, since native troops refused to fight the sorcerer "Sultan" Bunda. After Bunda died in 1906, the valley kingdom collapsed.
Goshen- see Stellaland.
Gothia- see Mangup.
Graaff-Reinet- The town of Graaff-Reinet in the northern Cape Province was founded in 1760 by Boer settlers. In 1785, the district was officially chartered by the Dutch East India Company, and a Commissioner was assigned to the area. East India Company officials were notoriously corrupt and inefficient, and the Boers soon came to resent the Company's presence. In 1795, the Xhosa inhabitants of the region began a series of cattle raids to slow European expansion. Hoping to defuse tensions, Commissioner H.C.D. Maynier tried to negotiate with the Xhosa. When the Xhosa ignored him and stepped up their attacks, the incensed Boers formed an emergency committee and expelled Maynier. His replacement arrived to find three hundred settlers ready to leave on a punitive expedition. When he refused to support the commando raid, the Boers expelled him as well and declared Graaff-Reinet independent. In August of 1795, the British occupied the Cape Province and demanded that the Boers pledge allegiance to the United Kingdom. The Boers refused to do so, and the British launched a series of punitive expeditions which devastated Graaff-Reinet's economy and sparked another Xhosa war. When the Dutch Batavian Republic assumed control in 1803, the exhausted Boers were only too glad to welcome its authority. The return of British authorities as a result of the Napoleonic Wars forced many Boers to leave the Cape Province, launching the Great Trek.
Granadine Confederation- see Cauca.
Gran Colombia- The Federation of Greater Colombia was founded by Simon Bolivar in 1824. It comprised the modern states of Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Bolivar was also President of Bolivia and Peru, but failed to integrate those nations. Despite Bolivar's best efforts, regionalism tore Gran Colombia apart, and the Federation was dissolved in 1830, shortly before Bolivar died.
Grand Capri Republic- see Atlantis, Isle of Gold.
La Grande'Anse: see Haiti, Kingdom of.
Greater Mongolia- see Buryatia, Inner Mongolia.
Great Siberia- see Siberia, Republic of.
Grebo Kingdom- In the 1870s, the Grebo chiefdoms of northeast Liberia united under a single king. Encouraged by French and British traders, the Grebo declared their independence and initiated economic relations with the colonial powers, free of the restrictions Liberia had placed on trade. After the Liberians were pushed out of several settlements, the U.S. Navy intervened. The commanding officer urged the Liberians to cease persecution of the local tribes, and was promptly ignored.
Greco-Poland- During the wars which followed the Revolution of 1789, France was quick to set up revolutionary governments throughout Europe. It was equally quick to disown these movements when their usefulness had passed. During the campaigns of the 1790s, Polish units fought with courage and distinction alongside the French revolutionary armies. By the end of the decade, over ten thousand Poles were enlisted under the tricolor. However, in 1801 the Peace of Lunéville made the Polish legions obsolete, and the Poles were reorganized into units of the regular army. Jan Henryk Dabrowski, whose Polish Italic Legion numbered 9,000, refused to give up so easily. He launched plans to march his troops to Greece, which he would liberate from the Ottomans and declare the state of Greco-Poland, a haven for two dispossessed nations. The French halted his preparations at the last moment, dispersing the Polish forces throughout the Republic's possessions.
Green Ukraine- also Ukrainian Republic of the Far East. Following the November 1922 annexation of the Far Eastern Republic by the Soviet Union, Ukrainians in Kamchatka led an abortive attempt to set up an independent Ukrainian nation in Siberia. It collapsed rapidly in the face of Soviet opposition.
Greytown- Greytown, also called San Juan del Norte, sits at the southern edge of Nicaragua's Caribbean coast. It formerly served as the capital of Britain's Mosquito Coast protectorate. In 1855, Nicaragua was conquered by the American filibuster William Walker. Inspired by his success, Henry L. Kinney found a group of backers and manufactured a claim on the Mosquito Coast. The Pennsylvanian arrived at Greytown while Walker was consolidating his control over the interior, and was proclaimed Governor of the "City and Territory of Greytown" in September, 1855. However, his American backers pulled out in the face of opposition from Walker, the Nicaraguans, and the British. In a matter of months, Kinney sheepishly resigned and was expelled from Nicaragua.
Guangxi- see Kwangsi.
Guayabera- see Marquetalia.
Guayaquil- When the Argentine General San Martin invaded Royalist Peru in 1820, the governor of the northern region of Guayaquil was cut off from Spanish support. Partisans of independence took advantage of the chaos to depose the royal governor and declared themselves independent in October of 1820. To the north, Simon Bolívar had consolidated his hold over Colombia, and determined to annex Guayaquil. An expedition sent in 1821 failed, due to local opposition. In July of 1822, Bolívar himself arrived at Guayaquil, hoping to settle the matter. At the same time, San Martin arrived from Peru. The two leaders met privately at one o'clock on the afternoon of July 27. At five o'clock, they went to dinner. San Martin left that evening, and Bolívar annexed Guayaquil without other protest.
Guizhou- see Kweichow.
Guriia- Guriia was a province of western Georgia in pre-Revolutionary Russia. As the Social Democratic Party gained strength in the district, agitation among the peasants increased. Early in 1903, the peasants stopped paying taxes to Moscow. After a harsh official reaction, the peasants initiated a boycott of all government services. By summer, local government in the area had almost completely disintegrated.
Nicholas II took no action against Guriia throughout 1904, assuming that the cost of dealing with the rebellion would not be justified. After the beginning of the 1905 Revolution, however, the revolt began spreading throughout Georgia. Within a month, much of the northern Caucasus was under the control of local peasants. A force of 10,000 soldiers was sent to Georgia, but the commanding officer refused to attack, fearing a general rebellion would erupt. The Russians withdrew in July. They returned in October, but it was not until January of 1906 that Guriia was attacked and forced into submission.Y Wladfa Gymreig- also Welsh Colony. In 1863, a group of Welsh decided that emigration to Argentina would offer better opportunities than the English-speaking United States for the survival of the Welsh nation. To that end, several hundred Welsh moved to the Camwy Valley of eastern Patagonia. They established Welsh schools and newspapers and received the assurance of Argentinian authorities that the Welsh Colony would receive statehood when its population reached 20,000. However, the Argentinian government soon grew uneasy with the success of the colony, and Spanish was declared the official language of the area in 1896. Spanish and Italian immigration, encouraged by the government, reduced the Welsh to a minority. Welsh is still spoken in the Camwy, but is declining.
Haiti, Kingdom of- Haiti declared its independence in 1804 under Jean Jacques Dessalines. That same year, Dessalines declared himself Emperor. After his assassination in 1806, Haiti was divided between the Republic of Haiti in the south and the Kingdom of Haiti, under Henry Christophe, in the north. The situation was further complicated by the secession of South Haiti in the southwest corner of the country under André Rigaud in 1810. His own republic contained the former Maroon enclave of La Grande'Anse under Goman, who was allied with King Henry. A few months after Rigaud seized power, he died, and South Haiti rejoined the Republic. In 1820, Henry Christophe committed suicide. Haiti was reunited soon afterwards.
Ha-mi- see Kumul, Khanate of.
Hatay- After the First World War, Syria came under a French mandate. The port city of Alexandretta along the Turkish-Syrian border was awarded to France. The region of Alexandretta (now known as Hatay) was ethnically heterogenous, mixed between Turks, Arabs, Kurds, and Armenians. In 1921, the French gave the region autonomous status, acknowledging its distinctiveness. In 1936, rioting broke out following elections; two of the new legislators favored annexing the region to an independent Syria. In 1937, the region was reorganized as the State of Hatay, and it was linked to Turkey as well as Syria in defense matters. The 1938 elections returned a majority of Turkish legislators, and the French signed a treaty with Turkey in July returning the area to Turkish rule. While the census results leading to the elections were disputed, France was more concerned with gaining Turkish goodwill as the European crisis grew to a boil. On September 2, 1938, the Republic of Hatay was declared, and the Republic was annexed to Turkey on June 23, 1939.
Hawaii, Republic of- In early 1893, Queen Liliuokalani of Hawai'i was overthrown by American planters and businessmen. President Harrison began preparations to annex the kingdom, but Grover Cleveland, who was inaugarated in March, was less excited by dreams of Manifest Destiny. The controlling junta of Hawai'i established the Republic as a temporary measure in July of 1894, fully expecting annexation to be inevitable. President McKinley, of course, did not disappoint them and annexed Hawai'i in 1898.
Hawera Republic- In 1879, the native Maori of New Zealand had been largely subdued, but a center of resistance remained at the town of Parihaka, under the local prophet Te Whiti. When the colonial government sent surveyors onto Parihaka land, Te Whiti began tearing up survey markers and ploughing land appropriated by the British settlers nearby. The settlers were exasperated by the government's apparent indifference, and formed volunteer regiments to force the unarmed Maori protestors off their land. The settlers then declared themselves the Hawera Republic, claiming that the central government was useless. The secession ended quietly when colonial troops arrived two weeks later.
Hay-on-Wye- In 1977, Hay-on-Wye was just another decaying British town past its prime. On April Fool's Day, local bookstore owner Richard Booth decided to declare himself King of Hay-on-Wye, both to drum up business and protest the seeming indifference of the British government to Hay's plight. The move inspired Hay to remake itself as a tourist destination, and today Hay thrives as the first of the "international book towns", with thirty bookstores (one per 65 inhabitants) and 500,000 annual visitors. King Richard still actively serves in community functions, and as the owner of a very fine bookstore.
Heaven, Kingdom of- see Lundy, Dominion of.
Herzog-Bosna- The Croatian nationalist leader Mate Boban became president of Herzog-Bosna in August of 1993. The government's territory consisted of several Croatian-held areas in western Bosnia. As Srpska forces made rapid gains against the central government in 1993, many ethnic Croatians decided to abandon Sarajevo and secede, in hopes of gaining support from Croatia. The hopes of secessionist forces were dashed during the winter campaign of 1993, when Herzog-Bosna troops took heavy losses, and help from Zagreb did not materialize. In February of 1994, Boban resigned as President. A month later, the tottering Herzog-Bosna government acknowledged Sarajevo's legitimate authority and agreed to participate in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Hetmanate- see Ukrainian National Republic.
Hijaz, Kingdom of- The Sharif Hussein of Mecca declared the Hijaz, which comprises the western coast of the Arabian Peninsula, an independent kingdom in 1916. The British supported him in his secession from the Ottoman Empire, sending materiel and advisors. After the war, Hussein rejected an alliance with the British, despite the growing strength of Ibn Sa'ud in the interior of Arabia. In 1924, Hussein declared himself the Caliph of Islam. Ibn Sa'ud promptly declared war, and ousted Hussein in 1925.
Hokianga- see United Tribes of New Zealand.
Honsawatoi- see Mon.
Hornachero Republic- see Salé, Republic of.
Hottentot Republic- The Hottentots were a people of Southern Africa, which contained a large population of half-African and half-European "crossbreeds". They had been converted to Christianity early in the settlement of South Africa, and their cause was eagerly taken up by the missionaries. One missionary, John Philip, campaigned in England to remove limits on Hottentot mobility. He was successful, and in 1832 the Cape Colony's "Ordnance 50" gave the Hottentots freedom to move throughout the colony. Andries Waterboer, a Griqua chief and "crossbreed", declared himself Captain of the Hottentot Republic, accepting heavy aid from the missionaries and sending raiding parties to steal Boer cattle. The Republic was formally ended by Britain's annexation of Griqualand in 1871, after the discovery of diamonds in the area.
Hré- The Hré are a native people of Vietnams southern coastal lowlands. Among other ethnic groups, notably the Montagnards, the Hré were granted autonomy by the French in return for military aid against the Viet Minh. After fighting between the Hré and Viet Minh escalted to near-warfare in 1949, the French helped to organize the Hré Independence Movement. This group, which was promised autonomy if not full independence by the French, was merged into a wider network of native forces in 1952. South Vietnams independent government integrated the Hré forces into the ARVN.
Hui- see Chinese Islamic Republic, Tunganistan.
Hulunbuir- see Barga.
Hunan- During the Second Chinese Revolution, the southern province of Hunan declared itself independent on July 25, 1913. Forces of President Yuan Shih-k'ai toppled the provincial government within a month.
Hutt River Province Principality- Leonard Casley settled as a farmer in Western Australia in 1969. Outraged by the low wheat allotment sent him by the Australian government that year, Casley seceded and formed the independent Hutt River Province. Casley's new country soon came under attack, when the Prime Minister began threatening action against Hutt River. The citizens of Hutt River responded by acclaiming Casley as Prince Leonard I; under Commonwealth law, a monarch could not be charged with treason. While the loopholes have since been closed, the Australian government has not moved against Hutt River since the declaration. Leonard and his son, Crown Prince Ian, rule as benevolent monarchs over the sixty-odd residents and some 17,500 overseas citizens.
Hyderabad, Principality of- One of Britain's numerous client rulers in central India, the Prince of Hyderabad refused to acknowledge the new Indian government following independence in 1947. Indian troops invaded Hyderabad and rapidly forced its capitulation.
Icaria- Icaria is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean. To put it lightly, tensions in the region were high during the early twentieth century. The Ottomans were in retreat everywhere, the newly independent nations of the Balkans were united against them, and Italy had in 1911 declared war, seizing Libya. In 1912, the Italians swept the Aegean of Ottoman warships and seized Rhodes. The inhabitants of Icaria took advantage of the war to declare themselves independent on July 12, 1912. The Balkan alliance declared war in July, reducing the Ottoman holdings in Europe to a tiny foothold. The island was annexed to Greece in November.
Ichkeriya- see Chechnya.
Idel-Ural Federation- The Idel-Ural Federation was an alliance of Finnic and Turkic nations along the central Volga, dominated by Tatar nationalists. Talks aimed at establishing the Federation as an independent nation spanning a third of the Volga watershed were held in June of 1918. Before the Tatars could sway enough ethnic leaders to make Idel-Ural a reality, Bolshevik pressure broke up the shaky coalition.
Igbo- see Biafra.
Ijaws- see Niger Delta Republic.
Ili Republic- see East Turkestan, Islamic Republic of.
Imperia- see Ossola.
Second Inca Empire- see Vilcabamba.
Third Inca Empire- The resurrected Inca Empire was declared in 1789 by Tupac-Amaru II, who claimed descent from the Inca royal family. Spain suppressed the revolt bloodily, killing 100,000 out of a Peruvian population of just over a million.
Indian Stream, Republic of- While relations between the United States and the United Kingdom mellowed considerably after the War of 1812, some issues remained unsettled, such as the border between Canada and New Hampshire. After years of increasing frustration with both governments and the failure of , the 400-odd inhabitants of 200,000 acres in northern New Hampshire declared themselves the independent Indian Stream Republic in 1832. Unable to drive a bargain with either Canada or the U.S. that was to their liking, the Yankee secessionists held out until March of 1835, when a mob drove off a state policeman trying to serve an arrest warrant. The New Hampshire legislature debated sending in troops. In response, Indian Stream opened negotiations with Canadian officials. Events came to a boil in October. John Tyler, a citizen of Indian Stream was arrested by a New Hampshire sheriff. A pro-Canadian mob freed Tyler, and New Hampshire placed a bounty of five dollars on his head. In response, Tyler led another pro-Canadian mob to capture Sheriff Blanchard of New Hampshire. A pro-New Hampshire mob promptly released Blanchard. The violence ended after two New Hampshire partisans led a pro-New Hampshire mob onto Canadian soil pursuing Tyler and confronted Justice Alexander Rea (or Rae), the Lower Canada official in charge of the talks with Indian Stream. During a brief scuffle, Rea received a sword wound to the head and a Deputy Young assisting Justice Rea was shot in the groin. Rea was taken prisoner, although he was quickly released. After this fiasco, New Hampshire's state militia was ordered to Indian Stream, although the governor's order was swiftly countermanded by President Jackson. Canada relinquished all claims to New Hampshire land in January of 1836. Four months later, the residents acknowledged New Hampshire's jurisdiction, which was confirmed by treaty in 1842. In 1849, the US Congress awarded a small sum of money to Deputy Young's wife, in compensation for her husband's groin wound.
Indonesia, Islamic State of- also Negara Islam Indonesia. In 1948, an Islamic mystic named Kartosuwirjo declared Indonesia to be an Islamic theocracy, part of the Darul Islam, Arabic for "the world of Islam". Darul Islam declared itself Indonesias legitimate government in August of 1949. It managed to gain control over much of western Java, and encouraged the unrest in Aceh, which joined Darul Islam in revolt in 1953. The Darul Islam movement also made some progress in southern Sulawesi. Kartosuwirjo was captured and executed in 1962. At the same time, the government managed to detach Aceh from the The Islamic State, granting it autonomy in return for acceptance of Indonesian authority. Darul Islam collapsed rapidly under these blows.
Indonesian Republic, Revolutionary Government of the- In February of 1958, while President Sukarno was out of the country, a group of Sumatran army officers rebelled. The Revolutionary Government, or PRRI, was supported by Sulawesi rebels who wanted a loose federal government, rather than Sukarno's centralized authoritarianism. By July, the rebellion was largely over, although PRRI remnants continued fighting until 1961.
Ingria, Republic of- also Ingermanland. Ingria is a Finnish region located between St. Petersburg and southern Finland. In October of 1917, the Ingrians revolted. When Soviet troops invaded Ingria, it declared independence in January of 1920. A year later, the Ingrians surrendered to the Red Army.
Inner Mongolian Republic- Declared with Soviet encouragement in the summer of 1945, the IMR was weakened when the Russians withdrew. At the same time to the west, a Greater Mongolian Republic was formed. The two republics were united as the Mongolian Autonomous Region by the Communists in April, 1947. An independent Republic of Inner Mongolia in the north collapsed after the surrender of its leader, Irkim Bator, in 1948. In August of 1949, the prominent Mongol leader Tê Wang returned from prison. He organized the Mongol Alashan Republic south of the MAR in Ningxia. The Alashan Republic fell apart after its chief general defected to the Communists.
Ionian Islands- see Septinsular Republic.
Ireland, First Republic of- The first Irish republic was declared at Wexford in May of 1798. It was controlled by a Committee of Public Safety, inspired by the French revolutionaries. The British Viceroy, Lord Cornwallis, concentrated his forces. This allowed him to defeat the regional militias which attacked him. Before the Wexford Committee could consolidate its forces, Cornwallis attacked in August, and destroyed the Wexford army in a battle which cost 25,000 lives. French forces arrived a month later, when the patriot movement could provide no meaningful support.
Ishmaelites- The Ishmaelites, or Tribe of Ishmael, were a nomadic group of mixed ethnic descent, but were primarily African. In order to escape government control, the Ishmaelites settled in the Northwest Territory around 1800, on the current site of Indianapolis. They migrated annually across the Midwest, maintaining some Islamic African traditions, which became part of Midwest African-American culture and influenced the foundation of the Nation of Islam. The Ishmaelites were absorbed and ceased to exist as a distinct culture in the early years of the twentieth century.
Isle of Dogs- The Isle of Dogs is a small peninsula in the middle of London, formed by a bend in the River Thames. The area was historically a dumping ground for poor Londoners, who often felt they received an unfairly small allocation of resources. In 1970, a group of residents declared independence in protest, barricading the single road leading into the Isle. A Labour city councilman named Ted Johns was elected President. The protest served its purpose; extra funding was allocated, and the Republic was dissolved.
Isthmus, Free State of the- see Panama.
Jabaquara- Jabaquara was a Maroon settlement outside Santos in southeastern Brazil. It was founded in 1886, and a year later its population had swelled to over ten thousand people. The authorities, sensing the imminent end of slavery, refused to move against the fugitives. Jabaquaras inhabitants dispersed when slavery was abolished a few years later.
Jalisco- see Zacatecas.
Jaluit- see Ralik Islands, Kingdom of the.
Jebel Druze- see Druzes.
Jefferson- Northern California and southern Oregon have long been dissatisfied with their respective governments. This exasperation erupted over the failure of the government to provide funding for new roads. A number of border counties sent delegates to demand better treatment at a November, 1941 meeting in Yreka, California. The local board of county supervisors, urged on by the Chamber of Commerce, allocated funds to further the cause of independence and designated Yreka the temporary capital of the State of Jefferson. On December 4, Judge John Childs was elected governor of the new state. National opinion was favorable, but fate was not; three days later, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The inhabitants of Jefferson put aside their bid for the sake of national unity. All ended well; the government built a number of roads through the area to transport timber during the war.
Jiangxi- see Kiangsi.
Jiti Shahar- see Kashgaria, Emirate of.
Johanna- see Libertatia.
Jones, Free State of- According to legend, Jones County in southern Mississippi seceded from the Confederacy during the Civil War. However, no evidence exists that such an event took place. The legend appears to have some basis in fact: the nickname "Free State of Jones" was used for the county, but was used in antebellum Mississippi and referred to the paucity of slaves in Jones County. A military operation was launched by the Confederate Army against an organization calling itself the Republic of Jones in late 1863 and early 1864. The Republic of Jones (and perhaps a second group called the Jones County Confederacy) appear to have been bands of Confederate Army deserters, who took refuge in the swamps and woods of Jones County. The Natchez Courier, a pro-Union newspaper, published a story lampooning the Confederacy in 1864, involving the supposed secession of Jones County. Encouraged by oral tradition, the legend has persisted to the present day.
Jubaland- also Jubbaland. Following the secession of Puntland from Somalia in July of 1998, several regional leaders began preparing for independence. Under Mohamed Said Hersi, known as "General Morgan", the southern port of Kismayo was declared the capital of an independent Jubaland on September 3, 1998. Like Puntland's leadership, Said Hersi has avowed that Jubaland will rejoin a united Somalia.
Junagadh- Junagadh is a district lying on the Indian side of the India-Pakistan border, along the Arabian Sea. While most of its inhabitants are Hindu, its ruling family until 1948 was Muslim. After India gained its independence, Junagadh's Nawab resisted integration, hoping for annexation to Pakistan. This was largely due to the actions of a Muslim agent, who convinced the Nawab that India would poison his beloved dogs. Two weeks after India declared independence, the Indian Army ousted the Nawab, who fled to Pakistan with his family and his unharmed dogs.
Jura- The Jura valley is a canton in western Switzerland, only recently joined to the Swiss confederation. From the 10th century to 1792, Jura was under the control of the Bishop of Basel. In December of 1792, local radicals threw off the bishop's rule, declaring the region the Rauracian Republic. Four months later, the Jura was annexed to the French Republic.
At the Congress of Vienna, Jura was attached to Switzerland, and it became part of the German-speaking canton of Bern. The Jurassians resented this domination, and there was even a terrorist secession movement in the 1970s that was responsible for riots and bombings. In 1979, a referendum finally granted Jura independence as a full canton of Switzerland. Some activists still demand the restoration of the Rauracian Republic.
Justus Township- Justus Township was a small ranch located outside Jordan, Montana. Sovereignty was claimed for the area by a group called the Freemen. However, it soon became apparent that the Freemen were more interested in fraudulent schemes than political idealism. Justus Township ceased to operate when FBI agents arrested the entire population in June of 1996.
Footnote: Galveston As a matter of fact, he did, although he sent his men back with word that he had succumbed. Lafitte returned to Galveston under an assumed name (Meazall, which his descendants still carry), where he died of old age. Back.
Footnote: Guayaquil No one has ever determined how the two Great Liberators agreed that Guayaquil would join Gran Colombia. The theory I favor is that they played dice for it. Back.
Footnote: Hawaii As a matter of fact, Cleveland made a speech to Congress denouncing the illegal coup. Back.
Footnote: Ishmaelites It has been argued that the Ishmaelite Islamic tradition contributed to the birth of the Black Islam movement. Back.
Footnote: Isle of Dogs It turns out this was merely the beginning of the area's woes; in the name of urban renewal, the government turned the Isle of Dogs into Canary Wharf, burying the district's history under an abysmal pile of postmodern "architecture". Back.


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Glenn Hall @ The Blaze:
The annual Best and Worst Run States in America survey by 24/7 Wall St. came out today, revealing that the top 5 states are led by Republicans while the bottom five are dominated by Democrats.
The list is based on a review of data for financial health, standard of living and government services. While noting that current situations may stem from decisions made years ago and that external factors like weather can be as much to blame as poor governance, 24/7 Wall St. also points out that all of the high-ranking states have "well-managed budgets" and the worst states have "high debt relative to both income and expenditure."
Here's how it breaks down at the top and bottom of the list cross-referenced with details on party control based on this map from Americans for Tax Reform:

subset: commoncrawl


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April 19, 2012 | Vol. 110, No. 16
Apparently we're wealthy?
To the Editor:
It should give us all a comforting feeling to know that we live in a community so wealthy that we can pay someone $20,000 to totally destroy and haul away to be burned or dumped a building worth in excess...
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Displaying 1–6 of 6 articles
Maroon 5's Adam Levine Files Lawsuit Against Activision
Adam Levine, the singer/guitarist for Maroon 5 and coach on NBC's TV series The Voice, is suing Activision for the way his likeness was used in Band Hero, the publisher's family-friendly rhythm game released back in November 2009. Levine did a mo-cap performance for the game's lone Maroon 5 song, but he wasn't happy to later learn that his...
Activision Answers No Doubt's Suit Over Band Hero
Last month, we brought you the word that band No Doubt is suing Activision over its portrayal in music game Band Hero, claiming that the game "transformed No Doubt band members into a virtual karaoke circus act" by having them "sing, dance and perform over sixty songs" without getting their permission. Activision has...
Fewer Guitar Hero Games In 2010, Activision Promises Another DJ Hero
In 2010, Activision has launched Guitar Hero 5, Band Hero and DJ Hero, the last of which marks the company's first attempt to create an original music property since launching Guitar Hero. A still-down economy combined with annually slumping music game sales, however, means even Activision will be reducing the numbers of games it releases next...
No Doubt Sues Activision Over Band Hero
The band No Doubt has filed a lawsuit against Activision over just-released music game Band Hero. According to the suit, Activision only had permission to use No Doubt's image to sing three of the band's songs, but instead, it "transformed No Doubt band members into a virtual karaoke circus act" by having them "sing, dance and...
Band Hero Track Lists Revealed
Watch Larger Version | Watch HD Version Activision has released the track lists for the console and Nintendo DS versions of its upcoming family-centric music game, Band Hero, and they includes quite a variety of genres and sounds (But not nearly enough Taylor Swift if you ask me. Just three songs?! Come on Activision. Don't skimp on...
First Band Hero Tracks Revealed
I still don't really know why Activision is releasing both Guitar Hero 5 and Band Hero this year. The former is targeting the hardcore, the latter acting as a carrot for the mainstream. Is that necessary? Anyway, the games will have separate track lists and the first few have been revealed over at MSN, which debuted the first trailer for Band...
Articles 1–6 of 6
Holiday Buyers Guide 2009: Top Music Games
2,102 Views | 03:08
Guitar Hero 5 Presents KISS Downloadable Songs Trailer
2,203 Views | 01:27
Band Hero Behind the Scenes Video
643 Views | 02:16
Band Hero All Access Preview
4,502 Views | 02:26
Band Hero Adam Levine Trailer
831 Views | 01:02
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Jamil sees an important role for the large firms, especially in helping clients decide how to go about making the transition. I think the major firms, including BDO, will play a constructive role in terms of sharing our insights and guidance with our clients, he said. While the implementation date is 2017 or 2018, depending upon which transition method these companies adopt, there at least three choices available. If you apply it on a full retrospective basis, then for the analysis that needs to be done in the period in which you are not officially reporting under this new GAAP, there will be a requirement for you to keep that analysis going, so when you do adopt it, if you are on a retrospective basis you can adjust your historical financials under the new guidance. From that standpoint theres not a lot of time left for those companies to start putting in place the new controls, practices, policies and training of their internal staff, not only from the accounting side, but within the business operations side as well. How you go about doing business and how you negotiate your contracts are going to be critical in implementing the new standards as the new rule is very much based on what the contractual rights and obligations are, and when you have the disposition of those rights and obligations.
Accounting Firms Ready Guidance for New Revenue Recognition Standards
New York (June 2, 2014)
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Arbitrator Stephen Burbank has ruled that New Orleans Saints star Jimmy Graham is a tight end, according to NFL Media Insider Ian Rapoport and NFL Media's Albert Breer (via NFL.com's Chris Wesseling).
How will this ruling affect long-term contract negotiations between Graham and the Saints? Will the arbitration battle impact Graham's standing with the team? Did the arbitrator make the correct ruling?
Watch as Adam Lefkoe and Jeff Duncan of The Times-Picayune discuss Graham's future in the video above.


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This luxury independent fully furnished villa is in a private gated community, and has a private pool. It has been exquisitely decorated. Baga beach is a short drive away, yet the villa is in a very peaceful location in North Goa. This is perfect for someone who wants luxury, fine finish, privacy, and yet a short walk or drive to the popular beaches and tourist attractions.
This spacious bungalow has been executed with great attention to detail and is situated in a quiet place. The ground floor living space has a family room, study, kitchen & dining room. On the first floor the Master Bedroom has a spacious en-suite bathroom and a private balcony. Other two bedrooms have attached bathrooms with all facilities. Second floor has one bedroom.
The bungalow has a private swimming pool and beautifully done landscaped garden. Well equipped fully fitted modular kitchen.
Some of the near by places from this property are Baga, Candolim, Calangute, Anjuna, Porvorim, Saligao, Sangolda, Arpora, Pilerne. Taj is 10 minutes away, as are numerous other resorts.
Approx Area – 4000 sq ft
Property ID: P2244


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1990 Ford Thunderbird SC SC 2dr Coupe
I''ve had several Fords and two T- Bird. My first was an `85 that lost an argument with a snow plow. I ordered a bright red 1989, but it came it was white; I said I'd take it only if they painted it red. They refused but ordered it again; I received it as a 1990. I wasn't disappointed. Great looking, great handling (smaller turning radius than my wife's Subaru). Living in Chicago and New York I mainly drove my T-Bird long distances, and they were dream drives. I once rented a non-SC for 3 weeks while shooting a Rte. 66 documentary. It was good, but my SC was far better. Wish I had it now, but times changed and I aged, so I donated it to charity.
Power, handling, looks, not necessarily in that order.
Better paint job on the bumpers. Every time somebody bumped me, the paint cracked, even with the "flex" included. My biggest suggestion would be to bring it back, and make me 21 again, the way I felt while driving it.
I bought this car on my birthday, and the five speed is awesome. I have killed many a Mustang in this car. It was very advanced for its age, and well thought out! Some people complain about the head gaskets. I would rather replace those than the whole engine block! Moonroof, cd player, power everything, ke, auto belts, very smooth ride and turning!
CD player, moonroof, 5 speed, pretty much everything is perfect!
Cupholders, not a single one. I guess Ford didn't want anyone to drink and drive
I have owned this car since 1991. Drove
in in hard winters--repainted it once
and got a new bumpter. The only thing
that went wrong in 13yrs was an
alternator, an oil leak and cosmetic
stuff. The engine runs terrific---
still can go 100 up a big hill with no
issue :) These are great and fun cars--
if you are ever thinking of buying
one. Its just kind of sad this car is
considered "old"..I remember when I
first drove it up to work and it turned
peoples heads...now people look at it
and turn their head (hahah)
ergonomics for driver, auto seats,
320ft/lbs torque, big trunk, fold down
trunk seat (35th ann edition)
no auto seatbelts (almost chopped head
off plus now the thing is stuck
in "ding ding ding" land)
great car , it will be perfect if ford
didnt cut the cost so much
visit www.sccoa.com for more info
5 speed tranny great handling
better interior , if possible get a 94-
bought this car at an auction,very
reliable and fun to drive,easy on gas
and low maintaince....few problems
overall but low cost in servicing..
styling,comfort and handles like a
lotus elan...very powerful
more snaps and fasteners in the doors
and interior panels..a typical ford
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Bay Named Ingram Micro North American President
Ingram Micro announced Friday that Paul Bay has been named acting president of Ingram Micro North America, and will become president on March 1 of next year.
Bay, who is being promoted from his current title of executive vice president, will replace Keith Bradley, who will remain until March to "ensure continuity," the company said. Bay will report to Ingram Micro president and CEO Alain Monié.
"Paul is a respected and talented executive, with a track record of guiding operations to new levels of excellence," Monié said in a statement.
"Under his leadership, he organized the North American commercial, corporate and advanced solutions groups into efficient, growing and highly profitable divisions. Bay knows the region extremely well and brings to his new role an ideal mix of experience in managing both large, complex operations as well as entrepreneurial start-ups."


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George Michael Hoping For Late Summer Comeback
Pop veteran George Michael is hoping to be back onstage by the summer after losing his voice during a recent battle with pneumonia.
The Faith hitmaker was hospitalized in Vienna, Austria at the end of November, when he was diagnosed with the potentially deadly lung infection. He scrapped his remaining 2011 tour dates and spent four weeks under doctors' care, before returning home just in time for the Christmas holidays.
Michael is currently continuing his recovery on a tropical vacation and he is hoping his vocals will be back on top form by the summer.
In a series of Twitter.com posts on Monday, he writes, "Hi boyz n gelz (boys and girls), still enjoying a little time in the southern hemisphere, voice is slowly recovering, spent the afternoon writing in the sun. Have no idea whats going on in the real world, which is just how I like it... First real holiday in many years. Bliss..."
The singer is now eying a September start date to pick up his tour where he left off - and he wants to treat his fans to brand new material when he makes his live comeback.
He continues, "realiztically I can't see my vocal cords being ready till the summer, but then I have to think about people losing out if ....they are on their summer hols. So September seems the most likely. Sorry about that everyone. Rest assured I will use the time wisely... As in... working on improving the show, mixing the live tracks, finishing brand new tracks!
"Pneumonia may have been a b**tard thing to go thru (through), but normally when I suffer you guys benefit somehow."


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Horacio Saggion
Phone: +34.93.542.1119
Office: 55.406
Dr. Horacio Saggion is a Ramon y Cajal Research Professor at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona where he works in the Natural Language Processing group. He has over 10 years experience in human language technology in the areas of automatic text summarization, information extraction, question answering, and opinion mining. He received his PhD from University of Montreal in 2000. Since 2000 he has participated and managed a number of research projects such as the UK projects SOCIS and CubReporter and the EU-funded projects MUMIS and MUSING. He is the scientific coordinator of the Simplext Project. He has participated in a number of international human language technology evaluations and produced competitive NLP technology. He has produced over 60 research papers for relevant conferences and journals in field of human language technology. He is an expert in the GATE system.
LinkedIn: http://es.linkedin.com/pub/horacio-saggion/16/9b9/174
Twitter: http://twitter.com/h_saggion


text:
Dear Members,
Keep in mind that Character Bashing is now prohibited. Making fun of certain characters/character pairings leads to a pointless thread filled with insults and general rule breaking.
Also, remember that Versus threads are allowed only in the Versus section.
Thank you, NarutoBase Staff
Title. I feel like I read it in 5 minutes and I need to wait another week to get the other one . Atleast, Anime it takes 20 minutes atleast
Takes me about 10 minutes maybe?
5-10 minutes depending if i sit there and gaze at the pictures
I quickly skim through it just cause I'm excited of what happens next. I take a moment to take in what just happened and then I read it again slowly analysing it thoroughly.
About 10-15 mins and exactly, to wait a whole week is not cool
lol probs take about 10 mins but feel likes a a minute or 2 lol
10 min & I take my time to enjoy it cuz I know after I'm done reading, I have to wait another week.
15 min, if its badass pictures i spend time looking at them
i spend like 5 minutes on every page coz i'll be so afraid that the chapter ends.
Around 3-5 minutes.
6 minute exactly
hmm. Roughly 5. Then i go back and reread it if its something i m real interested in
the minutes that i spend reading the chapter are probably the happiest minutes of the whole week.
Max 7 minutes probably. Sometimes it takes me literally 5 sec per page B'coz I kinda becomes desperate to knw what's next, until I come to the last page
Originally Posted by rashida chan
the minutes that i spend reading the chapter are probably the happiest minutes of the whole week.
Lmfao.. I feel the same sometimes
Originally Posted by Lazyboi
5-10 minutes depending if i sit there and gaze at the pictures
Your sig & avy is sick guy
5 minutes
Normally when I just read through it takes me around 6 minutes but when I read and take some time staring at the pictures it takes me around 15 minutes.
True. I read it once as fast as my laptop goes xD
Then will probably read over it a second time looking at everything. I do the same with OP, I just wizz straight through it then go over it another night that takes about 4 hours out my night to read like 6 chapters haha xD
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Hardware news tagged GT300
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
Nvidia and Partners Begin Shipments of Fermi-Generation Tesla Boards.
[6:54 am]
Appro and Supermicro Equip HPC Marchines with Tesla T20 Computing Processors
Monday, February 1, 2010
Nvidia's Next-Generation Graphics Cards Finally Get Official Names.
[2:05 pm]
Nvidia's Readies GeForce GTX 480, GTX 470 Graphics Boards
Wednesday, January 20, 2010
TSMC's Problems with 40nm Process Technology Largely Over – Vice-President.
[10:40 am]
TSMC Solves Chamber Matching Problems with 40nm Node
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
Yields for 40nm Still Below 70% – Rumours.
[2:54 pm]
40nm Yields Still Not High
Friday, January 8, 2010
Nvidia's Next-Generation Graphics Processor in Volume Production – Company.
[10:34 am]
Nvidia GF100 Graphics Chip Finally In Mass Production
Thursday, January 7, 2010
Nvidia Announces 3D Vision Surround Technology.
[10:53 am]
Nvidia's 3D Vision Gets More Immersive on Three Displays
Monday, January 4, 2010
Nvidia Promises to Showcase Next-Generation GeForce at CES.
[2:24 pm]
Nvidia to Give a "Sneak Peak of GF100" at Consumer Electronics Show


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Saturday Jan 09, 2010
Leaving Sun, future blog, musing...
By Martin Krauskopf on Jan 09, 2010
So it came. I'm leaving Sun at the end of January 2010 which means that this blog will be dead even more then it was :). I've just founded (new and empty now) blog at blog.martyn.cz (a bit shorter then the "real" address mkrauskopf.blogspot.com) where I would like to post now and then about various topics which are interesting for me and hopefully might be interesting and useful for others as well. I'm not sure yet about what exactly but I plan to spend my spare time and thus possibly blog about topics related to:
more about Vimming. I'm using the editor for, let's say +10 years and I
think (like a lot of others) that I have some nice tweaks that would be worth to share publicly. I want to
improve it for some languages I'm using/learning which is these days mainly Haskell.
There is already very nice Haskell mode
(unfortunately without public repository) and
I have another bunch of tweaks like IDE-like "Output Window" with "hyper-linked" compiler errors/warnings,
go-to-source for GHC core libs (yup, just tag them actually), etc.
There is also emerging Scion project which might learn one a
lot from both, Haskell and Vim, point of views, still useful for others which is also plus :). So I want to
explore and might be try to contribute to those projects.
There is lot of language agnostic settings which regards also other languages, so it will not be about Haskell vs. Vim only.
starting Haskell project for Design Concepts in Programming Languages (DCPL) textbook (nice Christmas
present I got) which would be kind of what tapl-haskell
is for Types and Programming Languages book. This is definitely long time project since this tome
does not seems to be a piece of cake for me - not only because of its weight :). So far I've just started the
reading and implemented first (not so nice) version of PostFix stack language interpreter and then break to
skim through the mathematical Metalanguage appendix. So long way...
Unfortunately there does not seem to be solutions accessible for the DCPL, just a bit of source code (see this LtU thread) which means that some of my solutions to the book's answers will possibly be just wrong. But the best way to check one's answer is to share them with the rest of the world.
math - something where my knowledge are just weak (if I say it nicely for myself). Thus I want to finish
I bought or borrowed from
our great library about discrete math and others CS math-related
topics and revive my
semi-dead calculus knowledge. So I really do not want to advice others wrt. math, but I might
which are helpful for the kind of similar mathematical academic disasters like me ;) to better understand this
nice art and explore it wrt., or confront it to, the PL topics from the "student" point to view.
BTW if you do not like math because it seems too hard and strange and/or you do not have "official" university background (like me), try to read The Language of Mathematics: Making the Invisible Visible by Keith Devlin. Very inspirational easy-reading starter which was a kick for me two or so years ago. Then imagine where you might be in few years if you get a bit of Math Every Day (inspirational posts by Steve Yegge). That should be enough to make you fall in love with math and to start to bite a bit now and then, juts like a hobby instead of e.g. evening sudoku session :)
For self-learners who did not hit the site yet, one of the links above is Khan Academy. It is not good just for math, but great resource for other domains as well. E.g. start to watch bunch of chemistry lessons and you will see that you will somehow want to start to learn more about chemistry :). The presentations are really well done. Big kudos to the man behind, Salman Khan. Mostly all (or all?) lessons done by one men.
- And other random, likely programming languages related topics...
So this is approximately what the new blog might be about in the beginning. It might be affected by whether I really take a longer "vacation" and will be a full-time student (sounds good :) ) which is what I want and plan to realize or whether I will start to work soon which I do not want that much ;). But there might be some great close-future opportunities which will be hard to decline when they are almost hobbies.
Also since I do not like to blog about topics which have been blogged about several time it will be rather occasional blogging, as in the Ruby-time era I think. So just to be clear for the case somebody really wants to follow :)
As usually leaving a job is both, bad and good. Bad side is leaving bunch of most talented people I've ever met, but on the other side I'm looking forward to new interesting opportunities and enjoying the free time by reading all the books mentioned plus other CS bibles I've never finished due to the lack of time. (I know, only those three book might take years). And sure a lot of "normal" free time activities like biking, swimming, skiing, hiking, traveling will take more of their time. So does not sound that bad at all :)
You might reach me through my Gmail martin.krauskopf account or contact me through LinkedIn profile which I've just set up (after having it just empty for some time already).
Tuesday Nov 10, 2009
Church booleans vs. JavaFX (vs. Haskell)
By Martin Krauskopf on Nov 10, 2009
Recently I've started to read Types and Programming Languages with which I normally use Haskell([1]) for book's interpreters implementation and for helping to solve some exercises. But since I've joined the NetBeans JavaFX support development I'm also learning JavaFX language. And in order to learn the JavaFX language a bit more, I chose ¨perfect¨ ;) usecase for it - Church encoding of boolean values ( Church booleans). Below is the result. For comparison and might be for better understanding I'm also attaching Haskell (which naturally fits much better for the exercise) solution which is kind of easier to read, since it's just almost direct translation of Lambda Calculus notation.
Small complains against JavaFX:
- compiler type-inference failed in
resultsequence thus
asoperator has to be utilized.
- I need to provide function signature for a bunch of parameters as well. Those could be also inferred. (I've provided type signatures for Haskell just for better readability. Note that they might be all deleted and GHC will infer all types correctly)
- other problem causing verbosity is due to the impossibility to specify type alias. As might be
done in Haskell with:
type ChurchBool = forall a . a -> (a -> a). Probably could be handy in JavaFX here and there as well.
To be fair JavaFX is aimed for quite different domain then Haskell for which this solution fits really well. And might be I misunderstood or do not know some JavaFX syntax/features which would make the code neater.
And sure, this is artificial and probably not that useful case :) But one usually understand the language's dark corners by non-standard language utilization. Try to rewrite some monads into JavaFX. So far I've failed to come with at least a bit sane solution for Maybe monad. Anybody? :)
Haskell sources:
1 {-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} 2 3 import Prelude hiding (and, or, not) 4 5 type ChurchBool = forall a . a -> (a -> a) 6 7 -- tru = λt. λf. t 8 tru :: ChurchBool 9 tru = \\t -> \\f -> t 10 11 -- fls = λt. λf. f 12 fls :: ChurchBool 13 fls = \\t -> \\f -> f 14 15 -- test = λl. λm. λn. l m n 16 test :: ChurchBool -> a -> a -> a 17 test = \\l -> \\m -> \\n -> l m n 18 19 -- and = λb. λc. b c fls 20 and :: ChurchBool -> ChurchBool -> ChurchBool 21 and = \\b -> \\c -> b c fls 22 23 -- or = λb. λc. b tru c 24 or :: ChurchBool -> ChurchBool -> ChurchBool 25 or = \\b -> \\c -> b tru c 26 27 -- not = λb. b fls tru 28 not :: ChurchBool -> ChurchBool 29 not = \\b -> b fls tru 30 31 -- just utility tester 32 t :: ChurchBool -> String 33 t b = test b "tru" "fls" 34 35 main = 36 mapM_ putStrLn 37 [ "-- tru test" 38 , t tru 39 40 , "-- fls test" 41 , t fls 42 43 , "-- and test" 44 , t $ and tru tru 45 , t $ and tru fls 46 , t $ and fls tru 47 , t $ and fls fls 48 49 , "-- or test" 50 , t $ or tru tru 51 , t $ or tru fls 52 , t $ or fls tru 53 , t $ or fls fls 54 55 , "-- not test" 56 , t $ not tru 57 , t $ not fls 58 ] 59
JavaFX sources:
1 package javafxtester; 2 3 def tru = function(t) { function(f) { t } } 4 def fls = function(t) { function(f) { f } } 5 6 def test = function(l:function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) { 7 function(m) { 8 function (n) { 9 l(m)(n) 10 } 11 } 12 } 13 14 def and_ = function(b:function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) { 15 function(c) { 16 b(c)(fls) 17 } 18 } 19 20 def or_ = function(b:function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) { 21 function(c) { 22 b(tru)(c) 23 } 24 } 25 26 def not_ = function(b:function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) { 27 b(fls)(tru) 28 } 29 30 // just utility tester 31 function t(b:function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) { 32 test(b)("tru")("fls") 33 } 34 35 var results = 36 [ "-- tru test" 37 , t(tru) 38 39 , "-- fls test" 40 , t(fls) 41 42 43 , "-- and test" 44 , t(and_(tru)(tru) as function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) 45 , t(and_(tru)(fls) as function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) 46 , t(and_(fls)(tru) as function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) 47 , t(and_(fls)(fls) as function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) 48 49 , "-- or test" 50 , t(or_(tru)(tru) as function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) 51 , t(or_(tru)(fls) as function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) 52 , t(or_(fls)(tru) as function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) 53 , t(or_(fls)(fls) as function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object)) 54 55 , "-- not test" 56 , t(not_(tru) as (function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object))) 57 , t(not_(fls) as (function(:Object):(function(:Object):Object))) 58 ]; 59 60 for (r in results) println(r);[1] yup, I know that the TAPL's language of choice is OCaml but I'm just reading through Real World Haskell. Nothing personal against OCaml :) Similar folks might be interested in tapl-haskell project.
Sunday Nov 23, 2008
Open simply whatever non-NetBeans Ruby (on Rails) project in NetBeans
By Martin Krauskopf on Nov 23, 2008
Subtitle: Poor man's, but effective and simple solution
This is a tip (or trick) for how to quickly open any project (Rails or non-Rails one) without any NetBeans
metadata in NetBeans. E.g. from RubyForge,
Kenai, GitHub, ... or just your local one. In
short, all you need is to run
nb_ruby_project command (which is Ruby few-liner (excluding NetBeans
metadata)) and press C-S-1 in NetBeans.
nb_ruby_project is downloadable/viewable on pastie or
You need just change the
two lines in the script to point to your
netbeans executable and optionally to your
userdir if you are using non-default one (e.g.
--userdir option during start-up).
NB_BIN = '/path/to/netbeans/bin/netbeans' # NB_USER_DIR = '/path/to/optional/userdir'
You might also start-up NetBeans before using the script (but not necessary)
$ nb_ruby_project Usage: nb_ruby_project <ruby_project_dir> [--rails]
For example see the following two-step (checking out and opening in NetBeans) terminal session for how to open RubyGems project from RubyForge:
$ svn co svn://rubyforge.org/var/svn/rubygems/trunk rubygems $ nb_ruby_project rubygems Project: rubygems (non-Rails) Will create following files (NetBeans metadata) in: /space/ruby/sources/rubygems/nbproject/project.xml /space/ruby/sources/rubygems/nbproject/project.properties Press "y<Enter>" to agree: y Mentioned NetBeans metadata created Opening 'Rakefile' in NetBeans...
Now the project's Rakefile should be opened in the running NetBeans session (or new NetBeans instance is started). Just press there C-S-1 (Menu | Navigate | Select in Projects) and press <Enter> to confirm the dialog as shown on the image below.
After the project is opened you might want to set different Ruby platform, add more sources and/or roots, rename the project, etc.
This is just workaround for the issue 126410 which should enable to do this from NetBeans directly. But I'm using the script very often for RubyForge-alike sites in the meantime, so sharing.... It might be enhanced with bunch of small features, like asking for source roots, being Ruby-independent, etc. But it's just a temporary workaround... hopefully not for too long.
Note that you can open all the gems you have installed on your machine, see your
directory. You might also use the script from CLI to quickly open projects already containing NetBeans metadata
(metadata creation will be just detected and skipped) during browsing your harddisk.
Tuesday Nov 11, 2008
Remote Debugging: explore Ruby code easily
By Martin Krauskopf on Nov 11, 2008
In the NetBeans 7.0 (dev)
you may attach debugger to any process which have been started from the command line, with all the goodies of UI
debugger frontend. This means that if you just found some strange behaviour or bug in some CLI tool or you are
just curious how e.g.
gem list,
rake -T, etc. commands work, just run then in
debug mode from a terminal and attach to them from the frontend.
There is no need to setup a NetBeans project, even not to open the file or doing whatever in NetBeans, just invoking Menu | Debug | Attach action there.
Let's say we are curious how does
gem list --local works.
- you need to have have ruby-debug-ide in version 0.4.1 (just released) or later installed
rdebug-ide -p 7000 --stop -- `which gem` list --local. On Windows just replace
`which gem`with the
--stopswitch ensures that the debugger stops on the first line. This might not be always what you want if you've set the breakpoints in advance in the NetBeans frontend (e.g. after the first run with the
--stopswitch). Then just omit the switch and debugger will run until the first breakpoint is hit)
- In NetBeans invoke Menu | Debug | Attach choose Ruby Debugger in the Debugger combobox if there is more choices (you have also e.g. Java support installed)
That's all. Debugger will stop on the first line of the debuggee. After few steps you are inside RubyGems guts peeking around for how does it actually work.
This is the first step letting you to attach NetBeans debugger to the application run from CLI and/or on another machine. Next step is to provide functionality similar to ruby-debug that you will be able to put a call like:
if something_peculiar_has_happened require 'ruby-debug-ide' debugger(7000) # 7000 being a port end
into your application and attach to it from the frontend.
Altough this is kind of "remote" debugging and you may attach to the process which was run on another machine, there are not yet sources association implemented in NetBeans. So you would have to have sources located on the same paths on the local machine as the one on the debuggee's machine. But for the case similar to the above which are probably the most frequent one this might be very usefull.
Worth to add that the support were added quite recently. I've also made the code base little bit more "aggressive" which should help to stabilize the debugger a bit more among the layers (from base backend up to the frontend) and prevent kind of random exception. So if you found any problems the feedback is more then welcomed. Either let me know here or through the mailing list or Issuezilla. Thanks
Tuesday Oct 21, 2008
Cross-language debugging: from Ruby to Java and back
By Martin Krauskopf on Oct 21, 2008
Until we bring the full support for two ways debugging - from Ruby to Java and vice versa; the following "trick" might be used to debug Ruby and Java at once in the NetBeans 6.5 (you might get 6.5 build here). It might be used to debug standard JRuby applications/scripts, JRuby's Java extension or JRuby's internals itself. I'm using it for some time during development of JRuby Fast Debugger extension.
The trick is to start actually two debugging sessions, one for Ruby part and second for Java part (JVM under which JRuby runtime runs). Sessions then automatically activate themselves when the breakpoint for their language is hit.
Except the Ruby IDE, we need to have Java support installed if it is not already the case. This can be find out by looking e.g. into the New Project Wizard. If the Java category is there, we have all we need. If not see the How do I install the Java support into the Ruby NetBeans IDE? FAQ.
So how to utilize it
- Open a (J)Ruby project utilizing some Java classes
- Go to its properties -> Run category and set JVM Arguments to
-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=7000,server=y,suspend=y like on the screenshot (for
Rails project the field has to be edited through properties file
- Then set the breakpoints in the Ruby code and Java code
- Start to debug the (J)Ruby project: Menu | Run | Debug Project
- Connect to the JRuby's JVM session: Menu | Debug | Attach Debugger, enter the port 7000,
confirm the dialog. (Note that this need to be done within 15 seconds after the Ruby debugger was
triggered (previous step). If that's not enough for you, you might increase the
Ruby debugger timeout)
That's it. As can be seen on the following screenshot, after I do a step in the Ruby code, Java debugging
session take over the control and I'm debugging the Java code called from Ruby code with the full power of
NetBeans Java debugger. Once I'm done with Java side I'll just press F5 (Continue) and Ruby debugging session
takes back the control and I can continue with the debugging of Ruby part.
Note that if you have JRuby sources you might just set the breakpoint somewhere in the JRuby interpreter's guts and take a look what going around in there.
Clearly not fully-fledged cross-language debugging. Since sessions live their life independently, actions like
Step Into, Step Over and similar do not work in the cross-language context. We have to
simulate Step Into and similar actions by putting breakpoints on appropriate places. Stacktrace is not
shared, so we get two, one for each language, instead of one with nicely mixed frames from both languages. But
still, I find it pretty handy during JRuby Fast Debugger development.
If you do not want to repeatedly delete and add the long string from the step 2, you might create a configuration as might be seen in the properties screenshot (JRuby Debug in Configuration combobox).
To watch the progress on fully-fledge cross-language debugging, you might CC yourself to this RFE in the Issuezilla.
Monday Jul 07, 2008
Rake Task Runner
By Martin Krauskopf on Jul 07, 2008
Executing Rake tasks in the NetBeans 6.1 is little bit cumbersome and inconvenient. To run a single Rake task you have to invoke project's context menu, navigate to the desired task, usually with the sluggish help of mouse. Clearly, the same for debugging a Rake task. If you have made a change to the Rakefile you have to manually trigger the Refresh List action, again the same long way through the context menu.
Old, 6.1 way:
Working on the debug-commons project I often ended up in the command line which was kind of bad feeling when working on NetBeans Ruby IDE ;)
This has changed in NetBeans 6.5 with new Rake Task Runner and few related changes. Now running/debugging a Rake task is quicker then using the command line.
- CLI: rake test<Enter>
- NetBeans: <Alt+Shift-R>te<Enter>
Few key strokes saved in NetBeans ;) Moreover you will get another bunch of features in Rake Task Runner.
New 6.5 Rake Runner:
It might be easily invoked through Alt+Shift-R (or through the project context menu if you really prefer the mouse way). Then just type few (not necessarily first) letters of the task to be run and press <Enter> like you are used to from Go To File or Go To Type dialogs.
To run the same task again just press Alt+Shift-R, <Enter>. The lastly run task is remembered. Or you might use Rerun button in the Output Window's tab.
Other features, new in 6.5:
- possibility to pass parameters to Rake tasks (e.g. to
- possibility to see undocumented task (
raketool by default does not show tasks without description)
- automatic detection of changes in the Rakefile
- full description of each Rake task
- merge of Debug and Run task context menu (just check the checkbox to debug the task)
- better diagnostic when something goes wrong
Another related change is pre-generated useful Rakefile for newly created Ruby project. In 6.1, when you created a new project, you got an empty Rakefile. In 6.5 you will get Rakefile template containing classic tasks like clean, gem, rdoc, test, etc. (thank to Dudley Flanders for suggestions).
Also few menu items among the IDE are tied up with the pre-generated Rakefile, like Build and Clean actions in project's context menu which did nothing in 6.1.
Thanks to Erno, his Test Runner cooperates with the Rake Runner as well. So when you trigger tasks like test or spec, Test Runner will jump in and shows test result in a nice UI manner.
There are still a lot of place for improvements. If you have more ideas which you would like to see in NetBeans let us know. We have only a few days until Feature Freeze, so sooner is better. To try the new features you need to get 6.5 build as described in the wiki. As with all dev builds there might be some not-yet-discovered bugs, so better to keep one dev build, which works for you, back. I'm using 6.5 for my daily Ruby and Java job without too much issues. So encouraging you to try it as well ;). Moreover with 6.5 dev builds we might come with a fix to a bug you find in hours when at least somehow possible. That's much harder with already released 6.1.
Friday Jun 13, 2008
JRuby Fast Debugger 0.10.1
By Martin Krauskopf on Jun 13, 2008
Friday the 13th, the good time for a new release :), here it is:
- Main feature or benefit is that all the new features of MRI's CLI fast debugger might now be utilized. See CHANGES and Changelog for ruby-debug 0.10.1 release and check Debugging with ruby-debug manual. Rocky Bernstein pushes the CLI interface to be compatible with, or similar to, the one used for gdb. So be sure to check the CHANGES or type 'help' command into debugger console to check the new commands or the ones whose behaviour have changed.
-J-Djruby.reflection=true -J-Djruby.compile.mode=OFFmonster is needed any more. JRuby 1.1.2 (see JIRA 2474 for details) comes with special flag for debugging. Now all is needed is to pass
--debugparameter to JRuby. So to debug your application, you just need to run:
jruby --debug -S rdebug <your-script>
- ruby-debug-base since version 0.10.1 depends on other native gem - linecache. With jruby-debug-base this is not needed since we are workarounding this by dummy linecache fake directly in jruby-debug-base. This means that we are not as clever as C ruby-debug-base - particularly in JRuby debugger you might put breakpoint on lines with no executable code where C implementation would cleverly reject it. In future there will be hopefully decent implementation of linecache. Any volunteer? :)
- we are now passing almost whole, little bit tweaked, test suite of MRI ruby-debug 0.1.10. Few patches were contributed to ruby-debug-base implementation independence (whether it is MRI, JRuby or Rubinius one). Thanks ruby-debug team for the great test suite. This helps stability and compatibility of all implementations.
- following up from the above point several bugs were fixed.
- see ChangeLog for details.
Good to knowSince there were some API changes in JRuby 1.1.2 the jruby-debug-base 0.10.1 release does not work with JRuby 1.1.1 and older, only with JRuby 1.1.2+.
InstallationFor installation see debug-commons website or Using the JRuby Debugger on JRubyWiki.
Enjoy and any feedback is welcomed as always.
Wednesday May 07, 2008
Scripting NetBeans in Ruby
By Martin Krauskopf on May 07, 2008
Few times we were asked whether is is possible to write NetBeans Ruby IDE extensions in Ruby. We usually replied not yet. But having:
there are no reasons why it should not be possible now.
So I've started to peek around what would be needed to provide convenient extension with which the Rubyists would be able to start to tweak NetBeans IDE in Ruby language only. I did not start exactly with such support, but instead started with kind of NetBeans Ruby IDE scripting support. I've recalled Jesse's idea for IDE scripted by JavaScript and applied similar to Ruby.
Working with NetBeans Ruby's dev builds and very often starting with clear userdir and still reopening my projects, I now have the following script instead which I simply run from CLI after fresh NetBeans starts up (just work from IRB as well):
1 require 'nb_ext' 2 netbeans = NBExt.find_first 3 netbeans.attach 4 netbeans.open_projects( 5 '/space/java/netbeans-hg/main/ruby.debugger', 6 '/space/java/netbeans-hg/main/ruby.platform', 7 '/space/java/netbeans-hg/main/ruby.project' 8 )
How does it work?
Below are some details of implementation with inlined snippets of code for convenience. Full code might be downloaded here, Java agent here.
(2) The script finds running NetBeans instance. The
find_first methods goes through the
currently running JVM instances and greps for the NetBeans and returns the first one (or
Thus if you are running more NetBeans instances use
find_by_userdir or
1 vm_desc = VirtualMachine.list.detect do |desc| 2 desc.display_name =~ /org.netbeans.Main/i 3 end
(3) attach to it via Attach API
1 VirtualMachine.attach(@vm_desc)t
(4) and opens given project(s) in the running NetBeans IDE.
open_projects method just compose
projects to be opened with the code utilizing NetBeans APIs (open_projects_code.rb) and sends it to the
agent, running inside NetBeans process VM, for evaluation.
1 def open_projects(\*projects) 2 code = "projects = ['#{projects.join("','")}']\\n" 3 code_file = File.join('code', 'open_projects_code.rb') 4 code << File.read(code_file) 5 eval_code(code) 6 end 7 8 def eval_code(code) 9 output = Tempfile.new('output') 10 @vm.load_agent(@agent_jar, "#{output.path}#{File::PATH_SEPARATOR}#{code}") 11 File.read(output.path) 12 end
Template for opening projects is simple:
1 include Java 2 3 import 'java.net.URI' 4 import 'org.netbeans.api.project.FileOwnerQuery' 5 import 'org.netbeans.api.project.ui.OpenProjects' 6 7 raise("projects must be defined") unless defined?(projects) 8 9 to_open = projects.map do |prj| 10 uri = URI.new("file://#{prj}") 11 FileOwnerQuery.get_owner(uri) 12 end.compact 13 14 to_open_p = to_open.to_java('org.netbeans.api.project.Project') 15 OpenProjects.getDefault().open(to_open_p, false)
Note that
projects variable is defined in the
open_projects method code
composition. Likely templating mechanism would fit here.
Everything written in the Ruby language, just agent class is written in Java (with future JRuby compiler even this piece could be written in Ruby).
Just a playground so far…
This is really just an example how it might be done. Developing such extensions, or writing such scripts, is
still little awkward and not that easy to test and one needs to know NetBeans APIs, but that's likely OK
when wanting to write NetBeans extensions/scripts.
In the future we could bridge some basic NetBeans APIs to Ruby, like the artificial
open_projects method above, to make it easy to write such scripts which adds e.g. new menu
items. Also it should not be hard to write some support into NetBeans where you would manage your scripts
and which will be automatically loaded when NetBeans starts up. Ideally there would be also some support for
testing such script -> write in IDE, run/test it in IDE. Not that simple, but something like this.
It depends whether there is really such a request from NetBeans Ruby users and whether the effort spends on the support does worth it, whether the NetBeans users would like to script or extends NetBeans in Ruby and what would be such use-cases.
If you have any ideas how such support should look like or how does it look in other IDEs, Editors supporting Ruby extensions, let me know.
Can I try it?
Yes, you can. But it might not be that easy at the moment since we are facing
issue with bundled tweaked JRuby. So
firstly you might try to download and install
this NetBeans module
(4384kB!, contains jruby.jar) which should enable JRuby scripting in Netbeans. I've spent some time with
this but still does not work. On the other hand my colleague Erno, does not have problems I'm encountering.
So your mileage may vary.
If it throws strange JRuby internal exceptions, use second brute-force method, and just copy-paste jruby.jar from your JRuby distribution (
lib/jruby.jar) and
jar to your
$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext directory. Then start the NetBeans IDE and above should
work. You will get some exceptions from our NetBeans Ruby lexer/parser if you used brute-force method, but
for playing should be enough until we solve the issue appropriately.
Martin Krauskopf
Recent Posts
- Looking for debug-commons maintainer and/or developer(s)
- Leaving Sun, future blog, musing...
- Church booleans vs. JavaFX (vs. Haskell)
- Open simply whatever non-NetBeans Ruby (on Rails) project in NetBeans
- Remote Debugging: explore Ruby code easily
- Cross-language debugging: from Ruby to Java and back
- Rake Task Runner
- JRuby Fast Debugger 0.10.1
- Scripting NetBeans in Ruby


text: I just read on Master's Myspace that they are doing a NA tour in March of 2011. No dates have been announced yet, just the month the tour will happen. I can't wait to see them again since I'm overly obsessed with all 10 of their releases. I especially can't wait to hear songs from the Human Machine live. I bet Goreaphobia is the opener since they are the backing band for Speckmann when he tours NA. I already know the turn out is going to be horrible like last time, which is a shame for such an awesome band.


text:
This Jet Tec Epson E61 multipack contains four Epson remanufactured ink cartridges. These are manufactured by Jet Tec in their factory in Boston, Lincolnshire, and come with a comprehensive 2-year guarantee. Buying Jet Tec Epson compatible ink cartridges saves money, as well and protecting British jobs, all without compromising the quality of your prints. This Epson T0615 Jet Tec multipack comprises the following:
Jet Tec branded ink cartridges for EPSON printers provide the same quality of prints as EPSONs own branded ink cartridges - but at a fraction of the cost. In light of the recent price rises imposed by EPSON on their own cartridges, Jet Tec branded EPSON cartridges now offer even better value for money.
Total Digital Photography - Ink Test Winner
Total Digital Photography magazine tested seven well known compatible ink cartridge brands - and we are delighted to announce that Jet Tec were the winners! Here's what the judges had to say:
"Jet Tec's colours were superb, with single greys and blacks very close to Epson - Jet Tec wins!"
Computer Upgrade - Ink Test WinnerComputer Upgrade magazine tested several different brands of ink cartridge brands - and we are delighted to announce that Jet Tec were, once again, the winners! Here's what the judges had to say:
"What we're looking at here is not only the best choice of ink for the R300 printer, but also the best ink in this group test, period. There's just no getting away from the superb combination of performance and pricing"


text:
From entertaining in grand style to simply enjoying a quiet evening at home, this warm and inviting Spanish Colonial Hacienda captures the vibrant yet subdued lifestyle of Rancho Santa Fe's prestigious Covenant community. Nestled on a prime 3.34 acre lot of peaceful and colorful park-like grounds with mature, exotic and drought tolerant vegetation, this custom design/built estate has expansive views to the West, capturing colorful skies and evening sunsets.
Listing Courtesy of Willis Allen Real Estate


text:
Police in Hong Kong have arrested six crew members from the two passenger vessels that collided in the waters off Lamma island on Tuesday night and caused the former British colony's deadliest maritime disaster in more than four decades.
Authorities said that more arrests were possible in coming days as the death toll rose to 37 and survivors described the blind panic that followed the 8.20pm collision.
As dawn broke this morning, only the prow of the Lamma IV – a pleasure boat owned by a local power utility and carrying 124 staff and family to an evening of firework-watching – could


text:
© Times-Herald photo by Matthew Gourlie
Peacock's Amy Williams is fouled by Weyburn's Mac Oberg as she scores a basket in the Moose Jaw Senior Girls Invitational semifinal Saturday.
The Peacock Toilers wanted to measure their progress over the course of the Moose Jaw Senior Girls Invitational Basketball Tournament.
Suffice it to say that they're ahead of the curve right now.
The Toilers beat Meadow Lake Carpenter 67-54 to claim the tournament title Saturday at home.
"We had a really good weekend," said Peacock coach Renee Verge. "We were expecting this to be a really good weekend of growth for us with four games over the three days.
"Our focus for the weekend, after Thursday, was really to focus on our defence. We really saw that side of our game take a huge step forward."
After allowing 65 points to Meath Park in the opener, the Toilers allowed an average of 41.3 points-per-game the rest of the tournament.
Verge was very happy with the progress the team made in working together, but felt there was plenty of progress still to be made in the coming months.
"We've still got two hard months ahead of us," she said. "We've set some goals for ourselves and there's a lot of little stepping stones ahead to achieve those goals. Certainly from what we saw this weekend we do have the pieces. The trick to basketball is staying healthy and to keep improving.
"We have a lot of room to take some big steps forward."
Meadow Lake gave Peacock a good battle in the final. Peacock led 39-33 at the half and both teams got into foul trouble in the second half as they battled in the paint.
Meadow Lake's Maddie Oystrick got into foul trouble and eventually fouled as did Peacock's Amy Williams and Caitlyn Kitts.
"Both teams were a little lean in the post department by the end of it, but it was a good game. It was a good battle at both ends of the court," said Verge.
Williams still led the Toilers in scoring in the final and Grade 9 guard Libby Epoch also made a big contribution offensively.
In the semifinal, the Toilers beat Weyburn 60-37.
The Central Cyclones finished seventh at the tournament after they beat Balgonie Greenall 38-23.
That win came after they lost 48-20 to Prince Albert Carlton.
"I think three out of the four games we played pretty well," said Central coach Jocelyn Wigmore who was happy with how her team bounced back in their win over Balgonie after some struggles against Carlton.
"Offensively we played well too, but we had trouble getting our shots to fall," said Wigmore. "Thankfully in the fourth quarter we started to hit some and we built more of a lead."


text:
- Game Details
- News (1)
- Review
- Previews
- Videos (3)
- Images (28)
- Cheats & Walkthroughs
Wreckateer Videos
Displaying 1–3 of 3 videos
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Wreckateer Video Review
Wreckateer is the new Angry Birds-esque game for Kinect, and Blair Herter weighs in on the fun with our review.
Microsoft E3 2012 Press Conference
The Microsoft E3 2012 Press Conference had Halo 4, Gears of War: Judgment, Splinter Cell: Blacklist, Tomb Raider, and Call of Duty: Black Ops 2, new Kinect integration and Smartglass tablet tech.
Wreckateer E3 Gameplay Video
Get destructive with the Kinect in this Wreckateer gameplay video from the Microsoft E3 2012 Press Conference.
Videos 1–3 of 3


text:
Landmarks and Historic sites
|Bath Abbey
Overall rating:
Rank: 2 About 10
Bath Abbey or the Abbey Church of Saint Peter is a famous Anglican church. This church is located in Somerset County in England. This eye catching structure was built in the 7th century. After its construction, the abbey...
Reviewed by: Editorial Staff
|King's Circus
Overall rating:
Rank: 6 About 10
The King's Circus which is now called as The Circus was built in 1768. This Georgian structure is a circular space divided into 3 segments and is surrounded by large townhouses. King's Circus is a historical monument...
Reviewed by: Editorial Staff


text:
The tiny town of Chester's Mill has evolved quite a lot on Under The Dome. Big Jim and his unintentional side kick Linda are no longer concerned with strange fires or angry mobs. Now, they're more interested in invading private property, taking everyone's guns and hunting down innocent men like Barbie. These are the kinds of things that make good, entertaining TV. That's exactly what "Exigent Circumstances" was – solid entertainment.
The Players:
- Director: Peter Leto
- Writers: Adam Stein, Caitlin Parrish
- Cast: Mike Vogel, Aisha Hinds, Dean Norris, Colin Ford, Rachelle Lefevre, Natalie Martinez, Britt Robertson, Alexander Koch and Nicholas Strong
Episode Title: "Exigent Circumstances"
While the manhunt for Barbie continues, Big Jim gets the residents riled up and the town demands justice for all of Barbie's supposed crimes. Meanwhile, Joe and Norrie must find a new hiding place for the mini-dome. Angie helps Barbie rescue Julia from Big Jim's evil and watchful eye.
The Good:
- The Real Villain: It's no secret that Big Jim is the villain of the show. But until now, his "evilness" has been somewhat debatable. Though the people he killed didn't deserve to die, they weren't exactly innocent. All of the conniving he did was mainly to protect his fellow citizens. His wickedness took a turn when he killed Dodee, who was annoying but an upright citizen. She just happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. She overheard the outside military say that Big Jim killed the reverend, which immediately put her on Jim's kill list since he doesn't like leaving any loose ends. In Dodee's final scene, Big Jim revealed that he didn't want the dome to come down, thus establishing his desire to rule over Chester's Mill.
- Rescue Mission: Barbie and Angie work together to rescue Julia from Big Jim's vigilant eye. Angie uses her powers of female seduction to fool Junior (who's watching Julia) into thinking she needs him. Eventually he catches her bluff, but Barbie, Angela and Julia still manage to escape. Though the show hasn't explored Barbie and Julia's relationship at all, we feel like there's a lot of potential there. There's definitely some good chemistry between the characters, plus they're both likable.
Best Lines:
- "They're going to smile when you die." –Dodee
The So-So:
- Barbie's Defense (Or Lack Thereof): One of the biggest problems the show has is that no one talks to each other. Barbie hasn't done anything to defend his innocence. Before Big Jim blamed him for all of his crimes, Barbie and Linda had a pretty trusting relationship. If he gave it some effort, he could easily sway Linda to see things clearly, especially seeing as how gullible she is. (Seriously, this girl will believe anything.) But the writers refuse to have the characters engage in meaningful conversations, and that's what keeps the show from really thriving.
- The Military: Apparently the outside military can see everything everyone is doing inside the dome. They know that Jim killed all of those people, and that the teens are hiding the egg. The question is, how do they know all of this?
- Mini-Dome: Speaking of the mini-dome, not a whole lot happened with it this week. The teens had to move it because Big Jim and Linda ordered those illegal house searches, and they're trying their best to protect it from anyone that crazy or dumb. Near the end of the episode, the mini-dome did start shrieking, but that's where we left off. The monarch has yet to be crowned.
Even though the show is in need of some serious dialogue, every episode has been better than the last. In "Exigent Circumstance" we finally saw Big Jim for what he really is. This was the penultimate episode and overall, it did a great job setting up the finale.
Rating: 8/10
Under The Dome airs Mondays at 10 p.m. on CBS.
Photo Gallery:
What did you think of last night's episode?


text:
Sometimes we need to choose a folder during our process of development, but special function for this I did not found. Very often we need to choose only folder (for example for saving attaches from documents)
To solve this task we can use Win API 's methods. Here you will see an example of it.
Const BIF_RETURNONLYFSDIRS = 1
Const BIF_DONTGOBELOWDOMAIN = 2
Const MAX_PATH = 260
Type BrowseInfo
hWndOwner As Long
pIDLRoot As Long
pszDisplayName As Long
lpszTitle As String
ulFlags As Long
lpfnCallback As Long
lParam As Long
iImage As Long
End Type
Declare Function SHBrowseForFolder Lib "shell32" Alias "SHBrowseForFolderA" (lpbi As BrowseInfo ) As Long
Declare Function SHGetPathFromIDList Lib "shell32" Alias "SHGetPathFromIDListA" ( Byval pidList As Long, Byval lpBuffer As String ) As Long
Declare Function FindWindow Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowA" ( Byval lpClassName As Any, Byval lpWindowName As Any ) As Long
Main functionFunction ChooseFolder ( dialogPrompt As String ) As String
Dim lpIDList As Long
Dim sBuffer As String * 255
Dim sReturnVal As String
Dim szTitle As String
Dim tBrowseInfo As BrowseInfo
sBuffer = String ( Len ( sBuffer ) , Chr(0) )
szTitle = dialogPrompt
tBrowseInfo.hWndOwner = FindWindow ( "notes", &H0 )
tBrowseInfo.lpszTitle = szTitle
tBrowseInfo.ulFlags = BIF_RETURNONLYFSDIRS + BIF_DONTGOBELOWDOMAIN
lpIDList = SHBrowseForFolder ( tBrowseInfo )
If ( lpIDList ) Then
SHGetPathFromIDList lpIDList, sBuffer
ChooseFolder = Left ( sBuffer, Instr ( sBuffer, Chr(0) ) - 1)
End If
End Function
Here is the code on button
Sub Click(Source As Button)
Dim w As New NotesUIWorkspace
Dim doc As NotesDocument
Dim folder As String
Set doc = w.CurrentDocument.Document
folder = ChooseFolder("Select directory")
If folder<>"" Then
Call doc.ReplaceItemValue("FolderPath", folder)
Call w.CurrentDocument.Refresh
End If
End Sub
Thursday, May 15, 2008
how to choose folder using lotus script + api
2 comments:
- Roman said...
Hi, Dmytro! :)
Try this method, it is simple, not so beautiful like yours one, but it works too! :)
There is one tip, if user types some in "Dyrectory" it will be included in the result path, so you have to check the path returned...
sorry for my english ;)
Function SelectPath(OutPath As String) As Boolean
Dim ws As New NotesUIWorkspace
Dim path As Variant
path = ws.SaveFileDialog(True, "Select folder...")
If Isempty(path) Then
OutPath = ""
SelectPath = False
OutPath = path(0)
SelectPath = True
End If
End Function
- Dmytro Pastovenskyi said...
Real heroes always looking for another way :-)...
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