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Why Darwinism Is Incompatible With The Qur'an
The errors of those who use qur'anic
The fundamental guides for all Muslims who believe in Allah and Islam are the Qur'an and the Sunnah (teachings) of the Prophet (saas). The Qur'an contains many verses about the creation of life and the universe. None of these verses gives even the slightest indication of creation through evolution. In other words, the Qur'an does not support the ideas that species evolved from one another or that there is an evolutionary link between them. On the contrary, the Qur'an reveals that Allah created life and the universe miraculously by commanding them to "Be!" When we recall that scientific discoveries also invalidate evolution, we once again see how the Qur'an always runs parallel to science.
Even though everything is so clear, some Muslims who support Darwinism misinterpret certain verses by ascribing to them meanings that do not agree with the clear and obvious meanings that those verses actually have. In order to defend evolution and provide some Qur'anic evidence for it, the meanings of some verses are distorted, guesswork is relied upon, and prejudiced interpretations are made. About the people in this dangerous situation, Allah reveals the following:
Among them is a group who distort the Book with their tongues so that you think it is from the Book when it is not from the Book. They say, "It is from Allah," but it is not from Allah. They tell a lie against Allah, and they know it. (Surah Al 'Imran, 78)
Evolutionist scientists draw their strength from forgeries, distortions, and works of fantasy, and not, as some Muslims think, from scientific evidence. Reconstructions are an example of these distortions.
Those who know the Qur'an and yet twist its verses' original meaning and deliberately misinterpret them are said to commit falsehoods against Allah. No Muslim would willingly do such a thing, for he or she would be too afraid of the consequences. Thus, all comments based upon guesswork and speculation, especially when made by people who know the Qur'an and what it says on such important matters, are morally unacceptable. Of course it would be mistaken to make such a generalization about everyone who claims that evolution is compatible with religion, because some of them do not think about what such a claim means and others do not realize the underlying dangers. Even so, people must not mislead others on what Allay says in the Qur'an by speaking on His behalf (Allah is beyond that) and seeking to prove evolution by using its verses. Those who do so must reconsider the seriousness of what they are doing and avoid making any such interpretations or comments, for Allah will hold them accountable for their words. Not only do such people deceive themselves, but they also deceive those who read their words – a heavy responsibility indeed.
At the root of the question is this: Muslims who believe in evolution accept it as a scientific fact and thus approach the Qur'an with the idea that it must confirm evolution. Thus they load every word that might have an evolutionary interpretation with meanings that it cannot possibly bear. When the Qur'an is regarded as a whole, or when the verse in question is read in conjunction with those before and after it, one can seen that the explanations offered are forced and invalid.
In this chapter, we shall consider those verses that Muslims who accept evolution present as evidence for evolution. We shall then respond to their claims, again from the Qur'an, and compare them with the interpretations made by prominent Islamic scholars.
However, we should be aware of the following basic fact: The Qur'an must be read and interpreted in the form that Allah revealed it, with a completely sincere heart and without being influenced by any non-Islamic idea or philosophy. Approaching the Qur'an in this manner will reveal that it contains no information about creation by evolution. On the contrary, it will be seen that Allah created living things and everything else with the single command "Be!" If half-ape half-human creatures really existed before the Prophet Adam (pbuh), Allah would have explained that in a clear and easily understandable manner. The fact that the Qur'an is quite clear and very understandable shows that the claim of evolutionary creation is untrue.
What is the matter with you that you do not hope for honor from Allah, when He created you by successive stages? (Surah Nuh, 13-14)
Those who support the deceit of evolutionary creation, interpret the words successive stages as meaning "going through evolutionary stages," according to their own perverted logic. However, interpreting the Arabic word atwaran as evolutionary stages, which is no more than a personal opinion, is not unanimously accepted by all Islamic scholars.
Atwar (situation, condition) is the plural of tawru, and appears in that form in no other Qur'anic verse. The Islamic world's interpretations of this verse demonstrate that fact that this verse contains no statement concerning the theory of evolution in any form.
In his interpretation, Muhammed Hamdi Yazir of Elmali translated the verse as: "He has created you stage by stage through several conditions." In his commentary, he described these stages as "steps of evolution." However, this description has nothing to do with evolution, which proposes that man's roots lie in other living species. In fact, immediately afterwards he says what these stages are:
According to the explanation given by Abus Suud first come the elements, then nutriments, then mixtures, then sperm, then a piece of flesh, then flesh and bone, and this is finally shaped with a completely different creation. "Blessed be Allah, the Best of Creators!" (Surat al-Muminun, 14) Is not Allah, the Almighty Creator, worthy of praise and respect? Can He not raise you still further with another form and creation? Or can He not also destroy you and cast you down into sorrowful torment? Why do you not think of these things?
As the above statements show, this verse describes how a person reaches his or her mother's womb as a sperm, develops as an embryo and then as a piece of flesh, and then develops into flesh and bone before emerging into the world as a human being.
In Imam al-Tabari's commentary, Surah Nuh, 14 is translated as "In fact, he created you by stages," and interpreted this as meaning, "You were first in the form of a sperm, then He created you as a blood clot, then a small piece of flesh."46
Omar Nasuhi Bilmen translates the verse as "In fact, He created you through various degrees," and goes on to interpret it as follows:
He (created) you through various degrees. You were first of all a seed, then a drop of blood. You became a piece of flesh and possessed bones, then you were born as a human being. Are not all these assorted and exemplary occurrences and changes shining proofs of the existence, power, and greatness of a Lord of Creation? Why do you not think of your own creation? 47
As we see here, Muslim Qur'anic scholars agree that the interpretation of Surah Nuh: 14 refers to the process involved in the development of the human being from the joining of a sperm and an egg. That the verse is to be interpreted in this way is clear from the principle of "interpreting Qur'anic verses in the light of other Qur'anic verses," because in other verses Allah explains the stages of creation as being those inside the mother's womb. That is why atwaran has to be translated in this way. It is clearly sees that the word atwaran carries this meaning. It is not justified to use the word as support for the theory of evolution, which tries to tie the origins of man to another living species.
There surely came over man a period of time when he was a thing not worth mentioning. (Surat al-Insan, 1)
The same people also use this verse as evidence for evolution. In translations based on personal interpretation, the expression "when he was a thing not worth mentioning"is expressed as a statement of "previous states before man became man." Ho
wever, this claim is just as far the truth as the first one.dd
The Arabic part of the underlined section runs as follows:
lam yakun shay'an madhkuran
"lem yekun şey'en mezkuren"
Lam yakun : was not
shay'an : a thing
madhkuran : mentioned
Trying to use this expression as evidence for evolution is really forcing the words. In fact, Qur'anic scholars do not interpret this verse as indicating an evolutionary process. For example, Hamdi Yazir of Elmali makes the following comments:
In the beginning were elements and minerals, then vegetable and animal nutrients–"a kind of clay" (Surat al-Muminun, 12) were created out of them in stages. Then, something emerged very slowly and by stages from the sperm that was filtered from them. But that was not something called a human being. Just as mankind is not eternal, nor is his substance; that emerged later. Man came into being long after the beginning of time and the creation of the universe.48
Omer Nasuhi Bilmen explains the verse in this way:
These verses announce that Allah created man to see and hear out of a drop of water when he was not, and that He has set a test for him.… Mankind did not exist in the beginning, but was created later as a figured body out of a drop of water, soil, and clay. That person was not known at that time, his name and why he had been created were a mystery to the inhabitants of Earth and sky. He then began to be reminded that he has a soul.49
Imam al-Tabari explains the verse as meaning: "Such a long period of time passed since the time of Adam that at that time he was not even a thing that had any worth and superiority. He was nothing but sticky and modified clay."50
For this reason, to see the expression of time in this verse as an evolutionary period is purely subjective.
We created man from a mingled drop to test him, and We gave him (the gifts) of hearing and sight. (Surat al-Insan, 2)
Those who defend the evolutionary creation deceit, try to show that the statements in many verses that man was created out of water are evidence that all living things emerged from water.
However, such verses are always interpreted by Qur'anic scholars and commentators as referring to creation from the joining of a sperm and an egg. For instance, Mohammed Hamdi Yazir of Elmali comments on the above verse as follows:
… he was created from a nutfah in the form of water. The nutfah is pure water. It also means seminal fluid. Nutfah and seminal fluid traditionally have the same meaning. But at the end of Surat al-Qiyamah it says "a nutfah in the ejected semen" (Surat al-Qiyama, 37), thus stating that the nutfah is part of the semen. As it is reported in Sahih al-Muslim, "Children do not come from the entire fluid." And the hadith, speaking of every little part of the whole, does not say, "Every part of a fluid," but rather speaks of one part of "the whole fluid," and that a child does not come from the entire fluid, but from just one part of it. The nutfah is just one pure part of the semen.51
Ibn al-Tabari interprets it as meaning, "We have created the descendants of Adam out of the mixing of male and female fertilizing fluids."52
Omer Nasuhi Bilmen explains it in this manner:
"… (We created man from a mingled drop.) We have formed him out of the male and female fluids that mix together. Yes… Human beings were, for a period of time, a nutfah, in other words, crystal clear, pure water, and then for a certain period of time, an 'alaq, in other words, a clot of blood, and then a mudgha, in other words, a lump of flesh. Later, bones are formed and wrapped around with flesh, and come to life…53
As we have seen from these explanations, there is no connection between man's creation from "a mingled drop" and the theory of evolution's claim that man emerged by stages from a single cell that developed by chance in water. As all great Qur'anic scholars have stated, this verse draws our attention to the fact of creation inside the mother's womb.
When we examine another verse where the stages of human creation are discussed, the fundamental error in these comments is clearly revealed:
Mankind! If you are in any doubt about the Resurrection, know that We created you from dust, then from a drop of sperm, then from a clot of blood, then from a lump of flesh, formed yet unformed, so We may make things clear to you. We make whatever We will to stay in the womb until a specified time, and then We bring you out as children so that you can reach your full maturity. Some of you die and some of you revert to the lowest form of life so that, after having knowledge, they then know nothing at all. And you see the ground dead and barren; then when We send down water onto it it quivers and swells and sprouts with luxuriant plants of every kind. (Surat al-Hajj, 5)
In this verse, the stages of the creation of a human being are described. Dust, i.e., substances both organic and inorganic, which are found in their elementary forms on and in the Earth, is the raw material that includes the basic minerals and elements in the human body. The second stage is the coming together of these materials in the seminal fluid, which is described in the Qur'an as a mingled drop. This drop contains the sperm that possesses the genetic information and structure necessary to fertilize the egg inside the mother's womb. In short, the raw material for a human being is (dust of) the Earth, the essence of which is collected in a drop of seminal fluid in a manner that will bring about a human being. Following the water stage, a human being's developmental stages inside the mother's womb are described in the Qur'an. The theory of evolution, on the other hand, assumes the existence of millions of hypothetical stages (the first cell, single-celled creatures, multi-celled creatures, invertebrates, vertebrates, reptiles, mammals, primates, and countless similar stages) between the origination of life in water to a human being's formation. In the sequence presented by the verse, however, it is clear that there is no such logic or description, for a human being takes on the form of an 'alaq after he or she is in the form of a drop of water.
For this reason, it is clear that the verse is not describing the different evolutionary stages undergone by a human being, but rather the stages of creation from before and inside the mother's womb right up to old age.
Other verses stating that human beings and other living things were created from water also contain no meaning that could be used to support evolution. The following verses are among those that contain such statements:
Do those who disbelieve not see that the heavens and Earth were sewn together and then We unstitched them, and that We made from water every living thing? So will they not believe? (Surat al-Anbiya', 30)
Allah created every animal from water. Some of them go on their bellies, some of them on two legs, and some on four. Allah creates whatever He wills. Allah has power over all things. (Surat an-Nur, 45)
The verses below clearly state that the "drop of water" is semen:
He created the two sexes – male and female – out of a sperm-drop when it spurted forth (min nutfatin idha tumna); that He is responsible for the second existence. (Surat an-Najm, 45-47)
Min: from
Nutfatin: nutfah, sperm-drop
Idha: when
tumna: be spurted forth
Was he not a drop of ejaculated sperm? (nutfatan min maniyin yumna) (Surat al-Qiyama, 37)
nutfatan: nutfah, a drop of water
min: from
meniyin: sperm
yumna: being ejaculated
Man has only to look at that from which he was created. He was created from a spurting fluid (Khuliqa min ma'in dafiqin), emerging from between the backbone and the breastbone. (Surat aTariq, 5-7)
khuliqa: was created
min: from
ma'in: water
dafiqin: suddenly erupting, spurting, being caused to flow
Some Qur'anic commentators think that "the creation of living things from water" contains a meaning that parallels the theory of evolution. However, this view is seriously flawed. The verses reveal that water is the raw material for living things by saying that all living things were created from it. In fact, modern biology has revealed that water is the most fundamental component of all living bodies, for the human body is approximately 70 percent water. Water permits movement inside the cell, between cells, and between tissues. Without it, there would be no life.
... Do you then disbelieve in Him Who created you from dust, then from a drop of sperm, and then formed you as a man? (Surat al-Kahf, 37)
Imam al-Tabari comments on this verse as follows:
... Would you deny Allah, Who created your father Adam from dust, then created you from a man and a woman's fluids, then wrapped you in human form? Allah, Who gave you these things and made you what you are, brought you into being to make you another living thing after you die and return to soil.54
Omer Nasuhi Bilmen's commentary on the same verse states:
Do you deny the Almighty Allah Who created the Prophet Adam, the origin of your race and the cause of your creation, (from dust), Who then created you and (formed you as a man after creating you) from a nutfah and a drop of sperm, Who brought you into being as a complete human being as a result of different stages of life? Because denying the afterlife means denying the Almighty Allah, Who gives you the news that it will happen and Who has the power to make it happen.55
As these commentators indicate, using such verses as supposed evidence for evolutionary creation is no more than pure subjectivism, as they in no way bear the meanings that the evolutionists attribute to them. The expression creation from dust describes the creation of Prophet Adam, and creation from water refers to the development of a human being, starting with the sperm. It is indicated in the verse below that Allah created a human being directly from dried clay. This verse, which describes the Prophet Adam's (pbuh) creation, does not speak of a stage:
When your Lord said to the angels: "I am creating a human being out of dried clay formed from fetid black mud. When I have formed him and breathed My Spirit into him, fall down in prostration in front of him!" (Surat al-Hijr, 28-29)
If the Qur'anic account of creation's stages is read carefully, bearing in mind the consecutive processes, it will be realized immediately that such an evolutionary view is incorrect.
The Qur'an contains many verses indicating that Prophet Adam, peace be upon him, was not created through an evolutionary stage. One of them reads:
The likeness of Jesus in Allah's Sight is the same as Adam. He created him from earth and then He said to him, "Be!" and he was. (Surah Al 'Imran, 59)
The above verse states that Allah created the Prophet Adam (pbuh) and the Prophet Jesus (pbuh) in the same way. As we stressed earlier, the Prophet Adam (pbuh) was created with no parents, from the Earth, at Allah's command "Be!" the Prophet Jesus (pbuh) also was created without father, by Allah's Will expressed through the command "Be!" By means of this command, Mary (pbuh) was told the good news about the Prophet Jesus (pbuh):
(Mary) veiled herself from them. Then We sent Our Spirit to her, and it took on for her the form of a handsome, well-built man. She said: "I seek refuge from you with the All-Merciful, if you do your duty." He said: "I am only your Lord's messenger, so that He can give you a pure boy." She asked: "How can I have a boy when no man has touched me and I am not an unchaste woman?" He replied: "It will be so! Your Lord says: 'That is easy for Me. It is so that We can make him a Sign for mankind and a mercy from Us.' It is a matter already decreed." (Surah Maryam, 17-21)
In the other verses that refer to creation from water and earth, it is not man's evolutionary stages that are being described, but the stages of human creation before the womb, during it, and after birth.
Mankind! If you are in any doubt about the Rising, know that We created you from dust, then from a drop of sperm, then from a clot of blood, then from a lump of flesh, formed yet unformed, so We may make things clear to you. We make whatever We will to stay in the womb until a specified time and then We bring you out as children so that you can reach your full maturity. Some of you die and some of you revert to the lowest form of life so that, after having knowledge, they then know nothing at all. And you see the ground dead and barren; then when We send down water onto it it quivers and swells and sprouts with luxuriant plants of every kind. (Surat al-Hajj, 5)
He created you from earth, then from a drop of sperm, then from a clot of blood, then He brings you out as infants, then so you may achieve full strength, then so you may become old men – though some of you may die before that time – so that you may reach a predetermined age and so that hopefully you will use your intellect. (Surah Ghafir, 67)
Out of a sperm–drop when it spurted forth (Surat an-Najm, 46)
The Originator of the heavens and earth. When He decides on something, He just says to it, "Be!" and it is. (Surat al-Baqara, 117)
Your Lord said to the angels, "I am going to create a human being out of clay." (Surah Sâd, 71)
Another error in evolutionary creation stems from the faulty interpretation of the above verse. Evolutionists claim that the underlined phrase above indicates a supposed slow creation over time. However, the original Arabic makes it clear that this is a purely subjective view and entirely contradictory:
"inni khaliqun basharan min tinin" means "I am He Who created a human being out of clay."
The verse says nothing like "I am creating." In fact, the verse continues, "When I have formed him and breathed My Spirit into him, fall down in prostration to him!" It is clear from this that the verb create here takes place in a single instant.
Indeed, no Qur'anic scholar translates it as "I am creating." For instance, a Turkish Muslim scholar, Suleyman Ates's commentary reads:
Your Lord told the angels "I am going to create a human being out of clay."
Allah told the angels He was going to create a human being out of putrid clay. After giving the clay human form and breathing His Own Spirit into him, he told the angels to prostrate before him. They all did so. Only satan did not prostrate himself to man's ancestor, saying that he who was created from fire was better than a human being created from clay.
Imam al-Tabari translates the same verse as, "I am going to create a human being out of clay," and provides this commentary:
… The Lord once told the angels, "I am going to create a human being out of clay. When I create him, order his form, and breathe My Spirit into him, you will prostrate before him."56
Those who defend the deceit of evolutionary creation also cite the following verse to support the thesis that human beings were created through a process:
He Who has created all things in the best possible way. He commenced the creation of man from clay. (Surat as-Sajda, 7)
According to such peoples' faulty interpretations, the underlined expression refers to a so-called process, in this case an evolutionary process. Yet it does not actually refer to such a thing at all. As we have stressed throughout this book, a great many verses describe in detail Allah's creation from nothing, and none of them can be interpreted to mean an evolutionary process. The following verses stress that Allah is in a constant state of creation.
He Who originates creation and then regenerates it and provides for you from out of heaven and Earth. Is there another god besides Allah? Say: "Bring your proof if you are being truthful." (Surat an-Naml, 64)
Have they not seen how Allah brings creation out of nothing, then reproduces it? That is easy for Allah. (Surat al-'Ankabut, 19)
Allah originates creation, then will regenerate it, and then you will be returned to Him. (Surat ar-Rum, 11)
Allah's constant creation of every detail in the universe does not imply evolution. Like the other such interpretations, this one is very forced. Moreover, when the Qur'an is taken as a whole, such an assertion is found to have no true basis. Omer Nasuhi Bilmen interprets the verse to mean "… He created the Prophet Adam (pbuh) from earth,"57 and Imam al-Tabari as "He commenced the creation of the Prophet Adam (pbuh) from clay."58
Some Muslims who have been deceived by evolution cite the verses below, especially the underlined part, to support their case:
O man! What has deluded you in respect of your Noble Lord? He Who created you and formed you and proportioned you and assembled you in whatever way He willed. (Surat al-Intifar, 6-8)
Yet it would be forcing the verse's meaning to say that it refers to an evolutionary process. In fact, Hamdi Yazir of Elmali interprets the verse as follows:
"The Lord created you. It is clear that creation here means bringing into being prior to ordering the body and the organs, giving measure and form and bringing the parts together. We are also told that existence, the essence of every blessing, is the most important Divine Favor and Kindness.
He then ordered your body and organs. It is stated that "He created you from dust, then from a drop of sperm, then formed you as a man" (Surat al-Kahf, 37) and, as in many other verses, that man was brought to the stage at which he could have the soul breathed into him in stages; He ordered your body, organs, and powers, and gave you harmony and moderation. There are two interpretations here, one originating from 'adl and the other from ta'dil. Since they both mean "balancing" and "normalizing," several interpretations have been made stating that the "creation in order" has been made perfect.
According to the account by Muqatil, the expression in Surat at-Qiyama, 4 that "We are well able to reshape his fingers," means that the body is well-proportioned and orderly, as the matching and details of the twin organs (e.g., the eyes, ears, hands, and feet) is known from anatomy.59
According to Abu Ali Farisi, the expression "He proportioned you" actually means "He shaped you in the most beautiful form, and with this proportion gave you the capacity to perceive reason, ideas and might, and gave you dominion over plants and other living things. He brought you forth in a state of maturity far exceeding that of the other beings in the world." This is compatible with the meanings of "When I have formed him and breathed My Spirit into him" (Surat al-Hijr, 29) and "favored them greatly over many We have created" (Surat al-Isra', 70). All of these are a blessing and kindness from Allah.60
Omer Nasuhi Bilmen interprets the verse in these terms:
Yes. Your Lord (Who created you) gave you form from nothingness (then shaped you), gave you sound and perfect organs (and proportioned you). He proportioned your organs, with a pleasing beauty and natural disposition.61
Imam al-Tabari states that Surat al-Infitar: 7 refers to man being created within an order:
Oh Man, the Lord Who created you made that creation ordered and produced you in a healthy, ordered and correct form. (In other words he created a complete human being with ordered height, sound dimensions and in the best possible form and appearance.) Allah produced you with the beauty or ugliness He saw fit.62
As can be seen from the above accounts, the statements are very clear; they point to Allah's sound, ordered, and complete creation of the first man. Similar statements are in fact to be found in many other verses. For instance, Surat as-Sajda, 7-9 says:
He Who has created all things in the best possible way. He commenced the creation of man from clay; then produced his seed from an extract of base fluid; then (He) formed him and breathed His Spirit into him and gave you hearing, sight and hearts. What little thanks you show! (Surat as-Sajda, 7-9)
The word "creation" was first used in these verses, which then went on to say that He created eyes, ears, and hearts. Thus, we are being told that all of these stages happened at the same time; in other words, that the first man's eyes, ears, and hearts were created together and that he was created in a single moment. It is a grave error to interpret these verses as referring to the fallacy of human evolution. In fact, the great Islamic scholars all agree about this verse's interpretation. For instance, Imam al-Tabari says:
… He then brought forth man as a complete being in an ordered form, then breathed his soul into him, and thus made him a speaking creature … He gave the ears with which you hear, the eyes with which you see, and the hearts with which you distinguish between right and wrong, and you must give thanks for these gifts …63
Omer Nasuhi Bilmen's interpretation reads: "The Lord ordered man who started to take form, completed his body while it was still in his mother's womb, and formed it in the appropriate manner (and then breathed His Spirit into it). In other words, He gave him life and inspired the vital force in his soul … The Lord gave you such beneficial powers (hearing) that thanks to these you hear the words spoken to you, and created your eyes and hearts with which you see what is around you and distinguish between what is beneficial and what is not. Each of these is a great divine blessing."64
Another claim put forward regarding the error of evolutionary creation is that the Prophet Adam (pbuh) may not have been the first man and may not even have been a human being. (We absolve the Prophet Adam (pbuh)). The following verse is presented as evidence for this:
When your Lord said to the angels, "I will create a vicegerent on Earth," they said, "Why put on it one who will cause corruption on it and shed blood when we glorify You with praise and proclaim Your purity?" He said, "I know what you do not know." (Surat al-Baqara, 30)
Those who support this claim say that the Arabic verb ja'ala in the expression "I will create a vicegerent" means "to appoint." In other words, they wrongly suggest that the Prophet Adam (pbuh) was not the first man, but that that he was "appointed" as a vicegerent among many people. However, in the Qur'an, this verb has the following meanings:
To create, invent, translate, make, place and render
Some examples of Qur'anic verses where ja'ala is used are:
He created you from a single self, then produced (ja'ala) its mate from it, and sent down livestock to you – eight kinds in pairs… (Surat az-Zumar, 6)
Say: "He brought you into being and gave (ja'ala) you hearing, sight and hearts. What little thanks you show! (Surat al-Mulk, 23)
(Do you not see how He) placed the moon as a light in them and made (ja'la) the sun a blazing lamp? (Surah Nuh, 16)
Allah has spread (ja'la) the ground out as a carpet for you. (Surah Nuh, 19)
As can be seen from the above verses, ja'ala has various meanings. Furthermore, several verses state that the Prophet Adam (pbuh) was created from dust. These verses make it clear that the Prophet Adam (pbuh) was not just one man among many, but that he possessed a special and different creation.
In the Qur'an Allah reveals another important fact about the Prophet Adam (pbuh): his removal from the Garden of Eden. It says in the verses:
Children of Adam! Do not let satan tempt you into trouble, as He expelled your parents from the Garden, stripping them of their covering, and disclosing to them their private parts. He and his tribe see you from where you do not see them. We have made the demons friends of those who do not believe. (Surat al-Mursalat, 27)
We said: "Adam, live in the Garden, you and your wife, and eat freely from it wherever you will. But do not approach this tree and so become wrongdoers." But satan made them slip up by means of it, expelling them from where they were. We said: "Go down from here as enemies to each other! You will have residence on Earth and enjoyment for a time." (Surat al-Baqara, 35-36)
The verses' statements are perfectly clear. Allah created the Prophet Adam(pbuh) from dust. The Prophet Adam (pbuh) is a special creation that emerged first from his existence in the Heaven and then from his removal from it. Yet Muslims who have been deceived by evolution ignore this evident truth and maintain that "Heaven" here refers not to the Heaven in the Hereafter but to a beautiful area on Earth, despite the fact that the Qur'an specifies many features of the Heaven in which the Prophet Adam (pbuh) was created. For example, that Heaven contains both angels and the devil, and the angels speak with Allah. It is a mistake to produce forced interpretations and seek evidence of evolution when the verses are so clear on this matter.
Many verses state that all people are descended from the Prophet Adam(pbuh). As it is revealed in the Qur'an:
When your Lord took out all their descendants from the loins of the children of Adam and made them testify against themselves "Am I not your Lord?" they said: "We testify that indeed You are!" Lest you say on the Day of Rising: "We knew nothing of this." Or lest you say: "Our forefathers associated others with Allah before our time, and we are merely descendants coming after them. So are You going to destroy us for what those purveyors of falsehood did?" (Surat al-Mursalat, 172-173)
The Prophet Adam (pbuh) was the first man and Allah's first Messenger. The verses are so clear on this matter that there is no need for any commentary. All that people have to do is read the Qur'an with a sincere heart and listen to their conscience. Allah will reveal the truth to those who read the verses with that intent.
Another matter that Muslims who have been deceived by the theory of evolution try to portray as evidence for their false claims is the expression "our forefathers," which appears in several verses. According to their erroneous interpretation, this expression refers directly to man's primitive ancestors. Their rationale for this is that the word "forefathers" appears in the plural in the Qur'an. Two of the verses in question read:
He (Moses) said, "Your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers, the previous peoples." (Surat ash- Shu'ara', 26)
There is no Allah but Him – He gives life and causes to die – your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers, the previous peoples. (Surat ad-Dukhan, 8)
However, this is a forced claim because the use of the word in the plural form is familiar and definitely cannot be used as a basis for an evolutionist interpretation in any way.
This expression occurs in many other verses, among them Surat al-Baqara, 133. Here, "forefathers" does not refer to any evolutionary process, but to preceding generations. In the same way, the term "forefathers, the previous peoples" in the past refers to past generations. The expression carries no evolutionary meaning:
Or were you present when death came to Ya'qub and he said to his sons, "What will you worship when I have gone?" They said, "We will worship your Allah, the God of your forefathers, Abraham, Ishmael and Isaac – one Allah. We are Muslims submitted to Him." (Surat al-Baqara, 133)
Allah caused you to grow from the earth, and then will return you to it and bring you out again. (Surah Nuh, 17-18)
Muslims who have been deceived by evolution and who support the error of creation by evolution, view this verse as a vital foundation upon which they can base their views. The expression "Allah caused you to grow from the earth" is presented as evidence for inorganic evolution. As is clearly indicated in the verse's interpretation, however, it expresses the creation of the first human being from earth. Hamdi Yazir of Elmali offers the same interpretation:
There are two aspects to the verse. The first is that saying He created you from Earth means that He created your father from earth, and began the process of creating your race by creating him from Earth. The other is that he created all of you from earth, because Allah creates us from nourishment, from plants, from Earth.65
Omer Nasuhi Bilmen offers this interpretation of Surah Nuh, 17-18:
O people! Consider this. Allah made you like a plant from earth. In other words, "He has created Adam, your forefather, from earth, or your essential substance (zygote) came into existence from plants and several food stuffs growing in the earth. People then grow and live. (Then) O people, He will return you to it. In other words: When you die, you will return to the earth and become part of the soil. (And) Then He will take you out of the graves and drive you all to the Judgment Day. These are facts.66
Imam al-Tabari's commentary states that:
"Allah created you from dust of the Earth. He made you from nothing.… He will later return you to your original states, to the Earth. You will return to how you were before you were created. He can bring you back from the Earth alive when He chooses."67
As we have seen from these interpretations by Islamic scholars, this verse cannot serve as a basis for the error of evolutionary creation.
What is more, the claim of inorganic evolution has no scientific basis. The idea that lifeless substances could come together to form life is an unscientific one that has not been confirmed by any experiment or observation. Quite the contrary: French biologist Louis Pasteur (1822-95) showed that life can only come from life. This once again shows that life was definitely consciously created. In other words, Allah created all living things. (For more detail about the scientific proof and evolutionist deceptions on this subject please refer to The Evolution Deceit by Harun Yahya, Taha Publishers, London, 1999, and Darwinism Refuted by Harun Yahya, Goodword Publishers, New Delhi, 2003)
One of evolution's most fundamental claims is the lie that natural selection has an evolutionary force. As we saw in earlier chapters, natural selection is an evolutionist deception that maintains that the strong survive while the weak are eliminated over time.
However, modern science shows that natural selection has no evolutionary force and cannot cause species to develop or new ones to appear. However, these scientific facts, which Darwinists choose to ignore because of their materialist concerns, also are ignored by Muslim evolutionists. Some Muslim circles support this dogmatic Darwinist view and even try to provide extremely forced Qur'anic evidence for it. For example:
Your Lord creates and chooses whatever He wills. The choice is not theirs. Glory be to Allah! He is exalted above anything they associate with Him! (Surat al-Qasas, 68)
This verse reveals those to whom Allah will show the true path and those Prophets He will announce as Messengers. It is a great mistake to say that the verse points toward evolutionary natural selection.
Qur'anic scholars unanimously agree on this interpretation. For instance, Imam al-Tabari offers the following commentary:
Your Lord creates what He wills out of His servants, and selects those He chooses to follow the true path. They have no right of choice in the matter. They have no right to choose to do as they wish…68
The great scholar Omer Nasuhi Bilmen offers this interpretation:
In those holy verses, Allah declares His Power of creation, that He favors and chooses whom He wishes, His Wisdom and Might, His Unity, His meriting praise and splendor, His Divine Command, and that all His servants will be summoned to His spiritual Presence. In other words, no one can prevent the Almighty's favoring and choosing in any way. Whatever His servants choose is not effective on their own. With all due respect, Allah is not obliged to create what they favor and prefer. Allah does not send His prophets upon the preference and opinion of the people to whom He has sent His prophets, but only upon His divine Preference. Only He knows how and by which means goodness and prosperity will manifest. He has no partners, nothing may exist against His eternal Will, and no one's will may be against His exalted Determining and Selecting.69
Hamdi Yazir of Elmali interprets the verse as follows:
Your Lord creates and selects what He chooses. In other words, He creates what He wills and chooses those He wills from whom He has created. He imposes upon them such duties as prophethood and intercession. They have no choice in the matter. Apart from those Allah chooses, they have no right to select other partners or intercessors.70
A second verse that some Muslims offer is:
Praise be to Allah, the Bringer into Being of the heavens and Earth, He who made the angels messengers, with wings – two, three, or four. He adds to creation in any way He wills. Allah has power over all things. (Surah Fatir, 1)
Such Muslims suggest the verse is evidence for evolutionary development. However, they have to twist the verse's true meaning in order to derive such a meaning. It also conflicts with reason and logic, and is incompatible with the moral values of the Qur'an, for the verse talks about the creation of the angels. Imam al-Tabari interprets the verse as follows: "He can increase the number of an angel's wings to the extent that He wills. He can carry out the same process in all living things. Creation and command are in His hands."71 Omer Nasuhi Bilmen agrees, "He is so powerful that He decides on angels' wings and powers."72
Just as with natural selection, Muslims who have been deceived by evolution and who believe in the error of evolutionary creation misinterpret and force Qur'anic verses when it comes to mutation.
However, to think that a natural mechanism that has nothing but destructive effects could be evidence for evolution is a terrible error. No evolutionary effect of mutation has ever been observed. (For more detail on the scientific evidence about this subject, please see Darwinism Refuted by Harun Yahya, Goodword Publishers, New Delhi, 2003, Evolution Deceit by Harun Yahya, Taha Publishers, London, 1999) The important thing here is the evidence that thoseMuslims who have been deceived by evolution and who believe that mutation is a mechanism of evolution try to offer from the Qur'an. They completely twist some verses away from their actual meaning. The verses in question read:
If We willed, We could transform them where they stand so they would neither be able to go out nor return. (Surah Ya Sin, 67)
You are well aware of those of you who broke the Sabbath. We said to them, "Be apes, despised, cast out." (Surat al-Baqara, 65)
When they were insolent about what they had been forbidden to do, We said to them, "Be apes, despised, cast out!" (Surat al-A'raf, 166)
Say: "Shall I tell you of a reward with Allah far worse than that: that of those whom Allah has cursed and with whom He is angry – turning some of them into monkeys and into pigs – and who worshipped false gods? Such people are in a worse situation and further from the right way." (Surat al-Ma'ida, 60)
So He (Moses) threw down his staff and there it was, unmistakably a snake. (Surat al-A'raf, 107)
Unless someone believes that it is necessary to twist and force the truth to find some Qur'anic evidence for evolution, it is impossible to see the verses as any kind of evidence for mutation.
The first four verses speak of the miraculous way in which Allah changes living things' bodies. The subject of the fifth verse is not even living, which makes it impossible to suggest it undergoes mutation. These Muslims' portrayal of these verses as evidence for evolution shows just how corrupt, forced, and un-Islamic the deceit of evolutionary creation truly is.
One verse that is often wrongly interpreted during debates on evolution, and which is interpreted by some individuals as indicating that theory, is the verse regarding Allah's turning a group of Jews into monkeys:
You are well aware of those of you who broke the Sabbath. We said to them, "Be apes, despised, cast out." We made it an exemplary punishment for those there then, and those coming afterwards, and a warning to the heedful. (Surat al-Baqara, :65-66)
This cannot be construed in a manner parallel to the theory of evolution, for:
1) The punishment mentioned might be in a spiritual sense. In other words, it is possible that the Jews in question were compared to monkeys in the sense of character and not in their actual physical appearance. (Allah knows the truth.)
2) If the punishment in question did happen physically, that would be a miracle outside the laws of nature. We are talking about a sudden, supernatural miracle by the will of Allah here, a conscious creation. Evolution proposes the illogical thesis that different species turned into each other over millions of years, by chance and in stages. For this reason, this Qur'anic account has nothing to do with the scenario put forward by those who support evolution.
In fact, the following verse reads: "We made it an exemplary punishment for those who were living at that time and those who will come later, and a warning to the heedful." This verse indicates that the people in question were turned into apes as a warning to those who will come later. (Allah knows the truth.)
3) This punishment happened only once and to a limited number of people, whereas the theory of evolution puts forward the illogical and unscientific scenario that apes are related to all people.
4) The verse says that human beings were turned into apes; evolution says that it happened the other way around.
5) Surat al-Ma'ida, 60 relates that a deviant community incurred Allah's wrath and was turned into apes and pigs. It reads:
Say: "Shall I tell you of something with Allah far worse than that: that of those whom Allah has cursed and with whom He is angry – turning some of them into monkeys and into pigs – and who worshipped false deities? Such people are in a worse situation and further from the right way." (Surat al-Ma'ida, 60)
In this situation, the web of flawed logic that we have been considering throughout this book produces the unrealistic conclusion that the verse contains not only an evolutionary link between human beings and apes, but also between human beings and pigs! Not even the evolutionists claim that there is such a link between humans and pigs.
As we have seen so far, the claim that some verses point toward evolution is an error that contradicts not only the Qur'an but also the theses of the theory of evolution itself.


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Christ's Law-Based Ethic
Christians are ambassadors of Christ, representatives of His sovereign reign over creation. As such, we have a special responsibility to represent our Lord's actual teaching. The only way we can do that is through careful study of our Savior's words. ...Read More
Of Whom the Son of Man Will Be Ashamed
Matthew Henry comments, "They shall not share with [Christ] in his glory then, that were not willing to share with him in his disgrace now." We dare not be ashamed of Christ even when we face ridicule and worse. Although ...Read More
Peter's Confession of Faith
First Timothy 3:15 calls the church "a pillar and buttress of the truth," holding up the truth before the world. Yet if the church is not grounded in the truth, it cannot hold it up before the world. Therefore, insofar ...Read More
Scripture and the Two Natures of Christ
In the interest of "protecting" the humanity of Christ, many people want to believe that He held some incorrect views or taught some wrong things. But if Christ did teach or believe error, that denies His full deity, for God ...Read More
Making Void the Word of God
Matthew Henry comments that "it is the mischief of impositions, that too often they who are zealous for them, have little zeal for the essential duties of religion, but can contentedly see them laid aside." Like the Pharisees, we can ...Read More
Legion Destroys Some Swine
Scripture exhorts us to care for animals and not to be cruel to them. Even so, the Bible never puts the worth of animals on the same level as the worth of humanity. We "are of more value than many ...Read More
Before Abraham Was
Many people think that they are truly free when they can do whatever they want to do—even sin. Yet Scripture repeatedly tells us that true freedom is found in desiring and being able to do what is pleasing to God. ...Read More
The Light of the World
Many people in our relativistic age claim that there are many lights that can illumine the path out of spiritual darkness. Eastern religions, in fact, often speak of people as receiving illumination from Buddha or another respected figure. But Jesus ...Read More
Superior, Not Equal
Many believers have questions about the demonic such as "Can a Christian be demon possessed?" The fact that Satan is not equal in power to God helps us understand that though the devil is mighty, He is still subject to ...Read More
Lord of the Sabbath
Among the other things we learn from today's passage is that the proper interpretation of the Old Testament belongs to Jesus Himself. If He is the Son of God and incarnate second person of the Trinity, He is the author ...Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Brush with fame: Art House event at the LJCC
By Sandy Rashty, September 18, 2013
Helena Spearman was sipping calmly from a plastic cup of water at the London Jewish Cultural Centre last Thursday night when her work was announced among the "highly commended" entries to the London Jewish Cultural Centre's Art House contest and exhibition. Floods of tears ensued as the Totteridge resident was embraced by friends. "He told me to enter," she sobbed, a reference to her late husband Tony, who died two years ago, aged 68.
Read the full story here: http://www.thejc.com/arts/arts-features/111544/artists-enjoy-their-brush...
Photos by Polly Hancock
Last updated: 4:31pm, September 18 2013


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The Walters Art Museum is open Thursdays until 9 p.m., Sponsored by BGE.
Date: Saturday, March 2, 2013–Sunday, May 26, 2013Every Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun
Time: 10:00 AM–05:00 PMEvery Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun
This show focuses on a work of exceptional historical importance: an intricately decorated and inscribed wood panel believed to come from the famous Ben Ezra synagogue of Old Cairo (Fostat), Egypt, which has captivated public imagination for over a century.
Date: Sunday, March 10, 2013–Sunday, June 2, 2013Every Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun
Painter of iconic works of American genre, Richard Caton Woodville (1825–55) led a life of paradox. His humorous characterizations of life, realistic depictions of interiors and use of narrative detail give access to a fascinating period of American and European history.
Date: Saturday, March 16, 2013–Sunday, June 9, 2013Every Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun
The Walters Art Museum is working with five high schools from Baltimore City, Baltimore County and Frederick County to create a focus show related to the special exhibition New Eyes on America: The Genius of Richard Caton Woodville.


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Are you an International Student?
Student diversity is a hallmark of the academic experience at BTS. You will enjoy meeting and developing life-long friendships with men and women from around the neighborhood and around the world. Our aim is to make your experience at BTS as spiritually, academically, and culturally fulfilling as possible.
To provide all students with a dynamic academic experience, the following are additionally required for international student admissions:
"It is great to see how BTS has impacted lives for God's kingdom."
- Pastor Paul Hong, MA Old Testament and MDiv, BTS 1995
Special Instructions for International Students
If you are an international applicant whose native language is not English, or who has not received a bachelor's degree or its equivalent from an English-speaking institution, you must send official results of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) to the admissions office. BTS requires all such prospective students to take the TOEFL internet-based test (TOEFL iBT). The minimum required score is 20 in each of the four sections (speaking, listening, reading, and writing). The minimum total score is 80. For information concerning the TOEFL iBT Test, visit www.ets.org.
Guideline for Studying in the US
Required International Forms
F-1 Students
According to the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS, formerly INS), F-1 students must be both matriculated and enrolled full-time (at least nine credits per semester, except during the summer). To remain "in status," F-1 students must stay in compliance with these requirements. You must also be making satisfactory progress toward your degree program.
You must also demonstrate that you have enough financial support to cover the first full year of seminary before admission can be granted. BTS reserves the right to request payment in full for the first enrollment year in an amount that covers full-time tuition and living expenses. Individuals who will be studying as students in the US for the first time must also pay an initial status fee to the government before applying for a visa. For more info, see the international student info guide above or visit www.FMJfee.com.
Are you in need of additional training?
Our Advanced Cultural Studies program focuses on English as a second language curriculum designed for people doing theological studies at the graduate level. The innovative curriculum orients students to theological terms, academic writing skills, and a full program of core courses that prepare international students for the seminary experience.
I can't tell you how pleased, encouraged and excited I am at the response of our Korean students at BTS to missional ideas and missional ministry innovations, and how insightful and perceptive are their incorporations of missional ideas to their own culture and ministry context. Not to us, but to God alone be glory. I truly believe that Korean BTS graduates have the potential truly for changing the church and Christianity in the U.S., in Korea, and potentially in the world, in part because of the missional theology and ideas that they're wrestling with, grasping, and seeking to apply in their educational training at BTS.
R. Todd Mangum, PhD
Academic Dean, Professor of Theology


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The Dish
Tag: new flavor
PB's chef Clay Conley collaborating with sparkling-bev company to make a new-flavor splash
- 5:12 pm Wednesday, July 31st, 2013 by M.M. Cloutier
Clay Conley, Palm Beach chef and co-owner of Buccan and Imoto at Buccan, has joined forces with onli Beverages—a locally based sparkling-beverage company with a broad distribution base—to inspire a limited-edition flavor to add to onli's current seven-flavor `chef-inspired' portfolio.
Conley now is in flavor-development stages with lower-case-`o'-named onli, which, since early 2012, has made a splash in its discriminating-tastes target market with such flavors as pomegranate and hibiscus.
The flavor produced by Conley's collaboration with onli is slated for a September release, accordingly to onli. That will occur first in Conley's restaurants and at several special events throughout Florida.
Conley says working with onli "offers a [More]


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Welcome to another post of Amor de Lacquer….the series all about nail polish and nail care! Send me your requests, suggestions and ideas at email@example.com.
I didn't plan this post but I just had to share some posts that 2 of my favorite nail bloggers have done. Polishing your nails is one thing but taking care of them so that they grow nice and long (if that is your preference) is another thing.
- Steph over at Nail Juice was a chronic nail biter for 17 years and now you can't even tell! She drops some tips on how you can keep your nails growing long…and beautiful like hers.
- I would have never thought that Katee at E-Polishblog ever had shorter nails, but she did! She too drops some tips (including my favorite: wear rubber gloves when cleaning) on how you can go from little nubbies to longer and more beautiful nails.
What kind of nails are you rocking? Short? Long and witch like? Acrylic? Non-existent? Tell me! I've always had freakishly long nail beds that are pretty sturdy so that's one gene that I thank the parentals for.
And you know that no post is complete without a NOTD (nail of the day).
China Glaze's Romantique collection doesn't come out until January of 2009 and I really had no intentions of snagging anything from it until I saw Katee's swatches. I ordered Harmony and Joy and here is the beauty that is Joy.
It only took 2 coats from this metallic iced grape color to come out perfectly. I topped it off with Seche Vite top coat and it lasted for a good 2 days. It looks a little bling-y inside but outside it is more subdued and just perfect.
What do you think about this color? Not your style? A must have?
Polish Pretty,


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Anyone give their DC lentils or other legumes/beans?? When? How did you prepare/serve them?
Anyone give their DC lentils or other legumes/beans?? When? How did you prepare/serve them?
Click here to find an LLL leader near you...or call 1 877 4 LA LECHE for help now.
"No one can make you feel inferior without your consent."
Eleanor Roosevelt
"Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail."
Ban the bags. ......... Watch your language. ....... Help keep Dr Newman's clinic open!
We demand that our childcare providers are CPR certified... why don't we demand the same of ourselves! Get certified!
I lost 22 lbs in 8 months... with a bit of determination and common sense information from this book.
I give my DS lots of legumes. I started by making lentil soup (I actually posted the receipe on another thread about lentils) and picked out the lentils for him to finger-feed himself. DS enjoys refried black beans (I started with those smeared on his fingers and now that he is older he also eats them on soggy chips on nacho night). I hope that gives you a few ideas! Have fun!
We feed DJ whole beans (Pintos before they get refried) and Lima beans. They whole beans are this huge process where you have to let them sit in water over night and then boil off the water ad keep adding it ect....the lima beans are organic and frozen and we just grab a handful and boil them stove top. He loves both kinds!
Way too lazy for formula
I tried Lentils last night, boiled them for 15 minutes. They were a great finger food but made baby very thirsty.


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Home List of Titles Annealing of GaN-InGaN multi quantum wells: correlation between the bandgap and yellow photoluminescence
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/214915
- Title
- Annealing of GaN-InGaN multi quantum wells: correlation between the bandgap and yellow photoluminescence
- Author(s)
- Juodkazis, Saulius; Eliseev, Petr G.; Watanabe, Mitsuru; Sun, Hong-Bo; Matsuo, Shigeki; Sugahara, Tomoya; Sakai, Shiro; Misawa, Hiroaki
- Abstract
- We report experimental data on photoluminescence (PL) annealing of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown GaN-InGaN multi quantum wells (MQWs). The formation of phase separation in the InGaN quantum well layer was confirmed by PL mapping when the MQW was grown at 675 degrees C. Spatial distribution of the yellow (Y)-band PL correlated with the dislocation network in that the intensity of the PL was lowest at the grain boundaries. The activation energy of thermal quenching of the InGaN PL at 400 nm was found to be equal to that of the increase of Y-band PL at 550 nm. The origin of the Y-band is explained as a radiative donor-acceptor recombination.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Source
- Japanese Journal of Applied Physics: Part 1: Regular Papers, Short Notes and Review Papers, Vol. 39, no. 2A (Feb 2000), pp. 393-396
- Publication year
- 2000
- FOR Code(s)
- 01 Mathematical Sciences; 02 Physical Sciences
- Keyword(s)
- Defects; Gallium nitride; Multi quantum wells; Photoluminescence; Recombination
- Publisher
- Japan Society of Applied Physics
- 0021-4922
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2000 Publication Board, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics.
- Peer reviewed


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In Denial Over 'Zero Dark Thirty'
You've got to admit that it's awfully precious that there was a huge controversy about "Zero Dark Thirty" because Kathryn Bigelow's film suggested that enhanced interrogation techniques helped intelligence officials find Osama bin Laden but no controversy about the final mission in the movie — to kill, but not capture, the al-Qaida leader.
Some of the film's defenders believe that the controversy robbed "Zero Dark Thirty," Bigelow, actress Jessica Chastain and screenwriter Mark Boal of well-deserved Oscars. Maybe so but maybe not; a number of fine films were up for best picture this year.
But it cannot have helped that Ed Asner and other Hollywood lefties urged Academy members not to vote for the film, because they believed that it glorified "torture." And it probably didn't help that author Naomi Wolf called Bigelow a "Leni Riefenstahl-like propagandist of torture."
It also cannot have helped that the family of Sept. 11 flight attendant Betty Ann Ong — who alerted American Airlines that her plane was being hijacked –was demanding that filmmakers apologize for using Ong's voice, list her name among the credits and include a disclaimer that the Ong family does not endorse torture.
Other critics have acknowledged that Bigelow and Boal depicted the ugly side of intelligence extraction, but they expressed dismay that the film did not depict more hand-wringing on the part of CIA interrogators and decision-makers.
It also cannot have helped the film's Oscar prospects that three senators — Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Carl Levin and Republican John McCain — sent a letter to Sony Pictures to voice their "deep disappointment" in the film's "suggestion that torture resulted in information that led to the location of … bin Laden." The three senators also harrumphed that the movie was "factually inaccurate."
The irony here is that the letter prompted acting CIA Director Michael Morell to acknowledge that though he thought the film had sold the agency's dogged teamwork short in many ways and falsely left the impression that the agency's "former detention and interrogation program were the key to finding bin Laden," some of the intelligence that led to bin Laden indeed "came from detainees subjected to enhanced techniques."
The controversy also dredged up a 2011 letter that Leon Panetta, defense secretary and former CIA director, sent to McCain. The Washington Post reported that Panetta wrote, "Some of the detainees who provided useful information about the facilitator/courier's role had been subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques." Panetta also has said he believes that the information could have been extracted without enhanced interrogation techniques.
Both letters suggest that on the senators' big sticking point — whether enhanced techniques helped bring bin Laden to justice — "Zero Dark Thirty" was on the money. What they call torture produced results, and they don't want the public to know that. That's why some heavyweights in Washington and Hollywood were rooting for Bigelow and company to fail.
Email Debra J. Saunders at: [email protected].
Also see...
Even though my father, brother, uncles and grandfather were in the military, I seldom handled guns growing up. That's because unlike many of the other people in my family, I've...Read More
Debra Saunders
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ZVM 60gb thick Motherboard replacement
I have a ZVM 60gb thick that I absolutely love to death. Unfortunately, the connector that joins the battery to the motherboard broke off. The pins are intact, but the connection is too small for me to solder. Unless someone happens to know an easy fix, I think I'm going to have to replace the motherboard.
Most websites list the 60gb mobo and the 30gb mobo separately. Is there any real difference? I know the 30gb can be upgraded with a higher capacity hard drive, so will it accept my 60gb drive?
Seriously, anyone? I really need help here. I'm desperate.
I have the exact same problem.
It all started when I broke the LCD screen in my 60 gig Zen Vision:M. I ordered a replacement screen off of ebay and while I was installing the new screen I must have bent the battery connector :mad: on the motherboard as my M is now a dead. :(
So I am curious as to how your situation turned out... did you end up buying a new motherboard? or did you try re-soldering the broken battery connector?
Please let me know if you can! Thank you!
I have soldered many of these successfully. It depends on how badly you broke off the solder points. If you take a magnifying glass and look where the 3 points solder to the board and you can see the silver points, then it can be resoldered. If there are little black marks where the silver points should be, then you are screwed.
If you need help feel free to private message me. I only log in about twice a month so be patient.
Well, I appreciate your help and advice, but I guess I am a little too impatient.
I have already ordered a "new" motherboard off of ebay.
I have yet to recieve it, so I haven't been able to get my Zen working again, but I am expecting the shipment any day now!
But thanks again!
Impatient? Mee too!
I am back and it hasnt been 2 weeks! I just wanted to see how it is going.
I am glad that you care enough to invest a little to keep your player.
Hey, while you are at it why not upgrade the drive?
Sell your little 60gb on eBay. I usually get $60 for them. Then you take your $60 toward a nice little Toshiba MK1214GAH 120gb or Toshiba MK1011GAH 100gb.
Just a thought.
I will be watching this thread to see how it goes...
Well I'll start with aa update.
I got the replacement motherboard in the mail on Thursday and after installing it in my Zen my mp3 player is no longer a brick and it is now back from the dead! Although, literally 2 or 3 minutes after I had finished putting it back together, and as I was listening to some music, I dropped my Zen on the floor! Fortunately for me it didn't land on the screen, and however it landed, it didn't break again! That would have sucked... anyways.
Now regarding your idea about upgrading the hard drive, I have actually wanted to do that for a long time now! But I have had many questions and concerns that I wasn't able to find definitive answers for after searching here on this forum and online, and so I was hesitant to spend the money on something that wasn't a sure thing.
Maybe you might be able to answer some of my questions?
For the two Toshiba drives that you mentioned, do they have the exact same connector that the original 60 gig drive has? or would I have to buy some kind of adapter or a different connector ribbon? I've also read on this forum of people that said they had to "file" down some part of the connector, and that is not something that I would want to do.
Also, are those two Toshiba drives the same thickness as the 60 gig hard drive? Or would I have to somehow put a spacer in to prevent the Toshiba drives from moving around? And are those two drives the same height and width?
Also, do you have any suggestions on the best place to buy either of those drives? I know I can just search for them, which I have done, but I'm just wondering if you know of a particularly good place.
Anyways, those are my concerns I guess. If you (or anyone else) could answer some or all of them that would be amazing! If not, no worries!
Thanks again for your help!
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 07:19 AM.


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Even if you're undocumented, you still have rights! Learn more, get help
Hiring / Termination / Job Loss
Most employees in California are "at-will," meaning that they can be suspended or fired at any time for any legal reason. There are exceptions, however, including union workers who have a contract that prohibits firing a worker unless the employer has a good reason. Also, certain laws protect workers from being fired or refused a job because of their race or sex or other types of illegal discrimination, or for "whistle blowing"—reporting an employer's illegal conduct to a government agency.
Check these fact sheets and resources for information about your rights and steps you can take to protect them. If you need further information or assistance, contact the Workers' Rights Clinic.


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Hi All,
My daughter, Emily is cutting teeth (two on the bottom and one on the top) and this morning, she bit me. That is a sensation I would prefer not to experience again.
Does anyone have any tips on how to gently teach my girl that biting Mommy is not a good idea?


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/91866
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- Title
- Galaxy stellar populations and dynamics as probes of group evolution
- Author(s)
- Mendel, Jon Trevor
- Abstract
- The distribution of galaxy properties in groups and clusters holds important information on galaxy evolution and growth of structure in the Universe. While clusters have received appreciable attention in this regard, the role of groups as fundamental to formation of the present day galaxy population has remained relatively un-addressed. In this thesis we focus on the detailed analysis of properties in a single massive group, NGC5044, with the aim of reconstructing its formation history. New observations obtained using the Anglo-Australian Telescope and the multi-object fibre-fed AAOmega spectrograph are combined with available photometry and X-ray data, which are used to construct a significant catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed group-member galaxies down to MB ≈ −13.5. We define the NGC5044 group as hosting 111 spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies and a total dynamical mass of 9.2×1013M⊙. Of these 111 members, 67 have spectra from AAOmega and the 6dF Galaxy Survey of sufficient signal-to-noise to undertake a detailed investigation of their stellar populations. We find that galaxies in the NGC5044 group show evidence for a strong relationship between stellar mass and metallicity, consistent with their counterparts in both higher and lower mass groups and clusters. In the context of the group environment, our data support the tidal disruption of low-mass galaxies at small group-centric radii, as evident from an apparent lack of galaxies below ∼ 109M⊙ within ∼ 100 kpc of the brightest group galaxy. Using a joint analysis of absorptionand emission-line metallicities, we show that the star-forming galaxy population in the NGC5044 group appears to require gas removal to explain the ∼1.5 dex offset between absorption- and emission-line metallicities observed in some cases. A comparison with other stellar population properties suggests that this gas removal is dominated by galaxy interactions with the hot intragroup medium. The combination of galaxy dynamics, stellar populations and X-ray chemical abundances lead us to the conclusion that the bulk of the NGC5044 group assembled at early times through the coalescing of several smaller sub-groups, and has since evolved through relatively steady accretion of isolated galaxies or loose groups.
- Publication type
- Thesis (PhD)
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing
- Publication year
- 2010
- Keyword(s)
- Fundamental parameters; Galaxy evolution; Galaxy formation; NGC 5044; Stellar populations
- Coverage
- Australasian Digital Theses collection
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2010 Jon Trevor Mendel.
- Thesis Supervisor
- [Duncan A. Forbes]
- Thesis Note
- [Presented in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Swinburne University of Technology, 2010.]
- Full text


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1-2 of 2


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I think there is less of a problem with Melo and Amare' together than with Chandler and Amare' together. Amare' is going tohave to pick up his defense, particularly when Chanlder is not on the floor. But I agree with FatElvis's thought that Amare' and Wallace, who is a three point threat, could be a great tandem.
Once we are fully healthy, we will have a lot of effective combinations.


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Phillies Shut-Out The Astros
The first four games of 2010 have been very good for the Phillies bats. As a team, the have at least 10 hits in each game so far which is the first time that has been done by a Phillies team since 1926. The top 5 batters in the order are on fire, especially Placido Polanco who had 4 hits tonight, 2 RBI and is batting .579 in 4 games. Those 4 hits helped the Phillies to an 8-0 shut-out win over the Astros.
Jimmy Rollins is also off to a fast start with 7 hits in the first 4 games, batting .467. Chase Utley and Ryan Howard are not far behind, batting .438 and .400, respectively. On Wednesday, Howard moved into 5th place on the Phillies all-time home run leaders list, passing Greg Luzinski. In today's game, he racked up 2 hits and an RBI.
Raul Ibanez has struggled, but looks to be coming out of the funk with 3 hits and 3 RBI today. Shane Victorino, on the other hand, hit several balls really well but still came up empty; he even hit into a double play. Victorino is batting .111 so far this season.
JA Happ got his first start of the year today and pitched 5 scoreless innings. He had a lot of base runners, so his pitch count kept rising; as a result, he only made it to the start of the 6th inning. The thing that stands out about Happ though is that he never gets rattled. In the 3rd, he had 2 runners on with no outs and still managed to pitch his way out of the jam unscathed. Happ continues to impress.
David Herndon made his mark today as well, pitching 2 innings in relief of Happ without allowing a run. Today was his 3rd appearance with the Phils and so far, the rookie has yet to give up a run. If he keeps this up, the Phils are going to have some tough decisions to make when Brad Lidge and JC Romero return from the DL.
So things are feeling pretty loose around the Phillies this week; even the broadcasters are keeping the mood light. Gary Matthews and Tom McCarthy presented fellow broadcaster Chris Wheeler with a birthday cake and presents today during the game, even though it is not really his birthday. Wheels got his own birthday wrong in his new book, "A View From The Booth," on the very first page of the book. He wrote April 9th instead of August 9th. Oops. So, Happy Un-Birthday, Wheels! Don't feel bad…we are all entitled to typos once and a while ;o)
Game two in Houston tomorrow! First pitch is at 7:05pm.
Photos by Jenn
*Read more about the Phillies at my other home page, Phightin' Phils Phorum in the My Team Rivals network*
4 Comments
I can't believe all the offense you're getting, Jenn. Just incredible, especially this early in the season. Could you loan the Yankees some of those runs? We could have used them last night.
Happ is a stud. Love that guy (on my fantasy team). Hoping that Moyer does well today. Didn't like him in the Series two years ago, but I still think he is a good guy and would love to see him stick in the rotation all season–he's earned it.
LMAO… That was hilarious that they got Wheels on the birthday thing.. I guess everyone was wishing him H B'day all day…. Almost time for the first pitch….
Phillies Outside
love the phillies offense. moyer really blew up tonight but the phillies got through it. i'm a pretty young blogger so i dont know much beyond the past three or four years about the phillies history in April, but according to everone else and the stats, this is probably their best start in the team's history.


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The stalwarts of most action heroes' go-to movie weapons-automatic rifles, flamethrowers, lightsabers-might look good onscreen, but they can be unreliable. Guns run out of bullets, flamethrowers can explode suddenly, and lightsabers go through more batteries than a college sorority house.
This means that, in the very likely event that, at one point or another, you're going to engage in a climactic fight to the death with your nemesis, chances are good that you'll have to get creative. Using common household objects as implements of death shows your adversary a level resourcefulness, cunning and sheer ingenuity they'll have to respect, even as they're trying to kill you. You've got to be the sort of person who looks at a weed whacker and has a light bulb pop up over your head, and is able to then grab that light bulb and use it to kill someone.
So to prepare for your inevitable date with an army of rivals who for some reason will stop at nothing to kill you, here are the 8 greatest homemade weapons in movie history.
8The oxygen tank from Jaws
In the Peter Benchley novel, Quint stabs the shark with a harpoon and kills him, but his foot gets tangled in one of the barrels, drags him under and drowns him. Since Steven Spielberg was presumably wholly unaware that the original ending was a not-so-subtle nod to Moby Dick, or that a book called Moby Dick was ever written, he decided to end the film adaptation with a big explosion instead:
In the final moments of the movie it's down to just Chief Brody and the shark. He stuffs an oxygen tank in the Great White's massive mouth, crawls up the crow's nest as the Orca sinks, calls the shark a son of a bitch and BOOM! Lucky for Brody, Jaws the killer shark is no more. Unlucky for the audience, Jaws the unstoppable film franchise is followed by three more sequels that made audiences want to blow up their neighborhood Cineplex.
How It Is Useful Against Your Enemies
Thanks to a recent episode of Mythbusters and a behind-the-scenes feature included with the Jaws Special Edition DVD in which Spielberg makes Richard Dreyfuss hold an oxygen tank in his mouth while Spielberg shoots at it, we now know that puncturing an oxygen tank does nothing to turn your enemies into shark chum. The shark will have a pretty wicked little head rush while it eats you though, so there's that.
7The frying pan from Kill Bill Vol. 1
After being shot and left for dead, The Bride (Uma Thurman) is more thirsty for revenge than a Kennedy is for beer, and she begins her search by venturing to a quaint Pasadena family home. When Vivica A. Fox (A.K.A. "Copperhead") opens the door, a brutal fight ensues that is equal parts QVC and UFC:
Copperhead lunges with a kitchen knife that you can almost hear Susan Sommers hawking, and the Bride fends it off with a frying pan in a move straight out of the Julia Child Guide to Kicking Ass.
How It Is Useful Against Your Enemies
A frying pan is big and heavy, it's got an ergonomic handle perfect for swinging, and makes a very satisfying "thud" when it connects with your enemy's skull. There's also something about a frying pan that just screams "Clobber someone with me, you know you want to!" It's probably buried deep in our brains from all those Looney Tunes shorts we watched as kids, though we're hoping that isn't true because it'll just give Jack Thompson another excuse to talk.


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Something to Smile About
Since last night's game was so miserable, I don't want to talk about it! Burnett was awful, and the offense was dead. So that's not fun.
To cheer myself up, I saught to – who else: Francisco Cervelli. If you wanna see something adorable, I highly suggest you watch these:
Oh, Cervelli! You never fail to cheer me up, even after the most dismal of losses. I would eat anything he makes😉 My oh my that was the cutest thing I've ever seen.
Better luck tonight, Yankees!
3 Comments
Love love love the videos! Cisco is adorable and so is his accent. That white gloppy stuff in the first video, however, wasn't for me. Too creamy-cheesy!
Not only did this make me forget about how bad AJ is (until they showed him) but it made me hungry too! Cervelli's English is better than I thought. You better hurry up though Virginia, I think that interviewer had the hots for him too😀
It's been awhile since I commented, but I still read ya stuff…since you didn't want to talk about AJ how about this could be the downfall of Pettitte… LOL just kidding… had to comment after those 3 days of eventfull baseball…:-) have a great weekend
Phillies Outside


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The perils and pitfalls of "patient-driven" clinical research
Dying of cancer can be a horrible way to go, but as a cancer specialist I sometimes forget that there are diseases that are equally, if not more, horrible. One that always comes to mind is amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease. It is a motor neuron disease whose clinical course is characterized by progressive weakness, muscle atrophy and spasticity, with ultimate progression to respiratory muscles leading to difficulty breathing and speaking (dysarthria) and to the muscles controlling swallowing. The rate of clinical course is variable, often beginning with muscle twitching in an arm or a leg or slurring of speech. Ultimately, however, ALS progresses to the loss of ability to move, speak, eat, or breathe. The most common cause of death is from respiratory failure, usually within three to five years after diagnosis, although there is the occasional outlier with a less malignant form of the disease with a slower course of progression who can live a long time, such as Steven Hawking.
In other words, ALS is a lot like cancer in some ways. It is a progressive, fatal disease that usually kills within a few years at most. On the other hand, it is different from cancer in that, at least for many cancers we actually do have effective treatments that prolong life, in some cases indefinitely. In contrast the most effective treatment we currently have for ALS is a drug (riluzole) that is not particularly effective—it prolongs life by months—and can be best described as better than nothing, but not by a whole lot. So it is not surprising that ALS patients, like cancer patients, become desperate and willing to try anything. This is completely understandable, but sometimes this desperation leads to activities that are far more likely to do harm than good. I was reminded of this when I came across a post in the antivaccine propaganda blog, Age of Autism, referring to an article in The Scientist entitled Medical Mavericks. The fortuitous posting of this story, which was apparently designed to try to show that it's not as crazy as critics have said to be treating autistic children with "Miracle Mineral Solution" (MMS) (which is a bleach) given that the introduction explicitly mentioned Kerri Rivera and the patient described in the article used sodium chlorite to treat his ALS, provided me the opening to discuss a group whose existence and advocacy brings up a complex tangle of issues that boil down to questions of how far patient autonomy should be allowed to go. I'm referring to a company, PatientsLikeMe, which describes itself thusly:


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Sniper scopes are designed for high-resolution sighting of distant targets where precision is an absolute necessity. Windage/elevation adjustments are performed by moving the external target style turrets. After the scope is adjusted to your specific shooting distance you can then re-zero the turret charts, a small screw at the top side of the turret can be loosened and the chart can be reset to zero. The multi-coated lenses are flawless with perfect clarity for distant viewing and sighting of still and moving objects and also protect against the sun's UV rays, and enhance light transmission. Sniper scopes are used in military, hunting, and varmint hunting situations where targets must be sighted at a distant great enough to prevent danger to the hunter. In each of these settings the scopes have proven to be accurate and rugged in the harshest conditions.
** This item is BRAND NEW – not refurbished.


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National Toxic Substance Incidents Program Case Definition
Incident data are collected about a spill or air release if the incident fits the following definition:
an uncontrolled or illegal acute release of any toxic substance. A release is defined as acute if it lasts less than 72 hours. A substance is considered toxic if it can reasonably be expected to cause an adverse human health effect(s) due to its properties or based on scientific literature.
Releases must also meet predetermined quantity criteria based on the substance. For most substances, the inclusion quantity is one gallon or ten pounds. Additional information on the chemical inclusion criteria and the mandatory chemical reporting list is available by contacting program staff.
As the surveillance system transitioned from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) program to NTSIP in 2010, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry implemented changes in the case definition. For example, the HSEES program collected data on threatened events (no chemical actually released) if a public health action, such an evacuation or road closure, occurred. NTSIP does not. Also, HSEES did not collect data about any incident that involved only a petroleum product. NTSIP does collect these data if there are public health consequences, such as injuries or evacuations.
The historical HSEES webpage contains reports, fact sheets, brochures and articles published in journals, magazines and newsletters.


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Description of the Collection
The collection consists of 250,000 volumes and 1500 serial subscriptions along with essential academic and practitioner databases and special format materials such as media and microforms. ILR collection strengths are in the areas of labor and employment, including collective bargaining, human resource studies, international and comparative industrial relations, labor disputes and history, labor economics, organizational behavior, and trade union issues. While many of these resources are academic in origin, Catherwood also collects directly from unions, corporations, governments, and non-profit organizations. Additionally, we are an International Labour Organization (ILO) Partner Library. See the Industrial and Labor Relations Collection for more information.
The Catherwood Library also houses the Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives. With over 19,000 linear feet of manuscript materials, it ranks as one of three major centers of its type in the country. The Center is the designated repository for papers of key individuals and organizations prominent in the history of labor-management relations. It also houses an exceptional photograph collection of over 350,000 images.
Industrial and Labor Relations Collection on ViVo
Catherwood Digital Collections
This repository features the scholarship of ILR's faculty and researchers, along with collections of digital material selected by the reference librarians and archivists at Catherwood. Featured collections include:
- ILR Collection
- Collective Bargaining Agreements
- Glass Ceiling Commission
- Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs
- Publications of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Kheel Center's Labor Photos Database
A growing number of images from the Kheel Center's collections are now accessible on flickr.com. Included are images from Labor Photos and other collections never before available on the web.
If you have questions about our image resources, please contact the Kheel Center firstname.lastname@example.com or call (607) 255-3183.
Triangle Factory Fire Exhibit
This web exhibit presents original documents and secondary sources on the Triangle Fire, housed in theKheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives. Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections also contributed to the exhibit.


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Phone: 503-823-4682
fax: 503-823-4019
1221 SW 4th Ave. Suite 210, Portland, OR 97204
Phone: 503-823-4682
fax: 503-823-4019
1221 SW 4th Ave. Suite 210, Portland, OR 97204
It's that time again! Multnomah County is accepting 2012-2013 property tax statements beginning in October. Thorough information on how to submit your property tax statement may be found at www.multcotax.org or by calling 503-988-3326. Here's a snap shot of how those property taxes are spent:
Did you know that...
Oregon law requires Multnomah County to collect property taxes and distribute them to among 69 different taxing districts? These districts provide a number of services, including funding for education, public safety, and libraries. How much you pay depends on the number of voter-approved measures in the area where your property is located.
Source: http://web.multco.us/assessment-taxation


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I was just wondering…
When people are caught robbing banks, they go to jail. What happens when banks rob people?
Since we aren't doing anything about climate change, can we just quit worrying about the population explosion? After decades of the war on drugs, is anyone winning?
Is there any citizen's left who could not be cited for "contempt of Congress?"
Are our "better angels" all on strike or something?
I don't know about you, but I'm getting excited about the Vietnam Traveling Memorial Wall coming to Grant County next week.
Guest Column by Scott Switzer
In 2011, as Northern Kentucky dealt with a Shigella outbreak and restrictions on children in pools, an interdisciplinary team of health department staff was brought together to curb the spread of the illness.
s the dark side of the moon begins overshadowing my newspaper career, that is, the asteroid of retirement blocking out the sunshine on my life's work, I begin thinking of things that were.
The ability to read is considered a foundation skill because almost all other learning flows from being able to absorb information through the written word.
Copyright © 2016
The Grant County News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Dry Ridge, KY and the surrounding area.


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I read to become a great person in life.What about u guys
You are asking us why we read, yes?
I read cuz i am forced to in school
Aside that i read manga cuz its awesome.
I also have the habit of reading useless threads.
-drags a giant wrench in-
As human beings, we read to gain knowledge and understanding
i read because i like to
I read for entertainment. I also read to learn things and keep my mind busy.
I find that reading about different characters and their choices and struggles in life, develops my empathetic side, i.e. it makes me a better person
Reading a book is also a bit like roleplaying for me. By following a specific character through his or her experience, I tend to think: 'what would I do in this situation', while I read, and perhaps after I finish I discuss it with other people. I guess it can function as a sort of preparation for potential similar experiences in your own life?
In general, I tend to look at novels as a sort of free study of the human condition, on different levels
I read because magnas are so awesome! Another reason is that it's a homework mater(we read every week!) but when I start, I can never stop
I read because i want to make Theoss Jealous.
I read because it takes me away from my life and brings me into someone elses. It leaves all my troubles behind and let's my imagineation run wild. It's something that can make me happy after I have cried most the day.
Reading can be different to everyone, and sometimes more important.
I read to kill time, for fun and to gain knowledge.
I dont read, I never read, I am not even reading this thread, someone else is doin it for me!
Reading is the best way to experience something completely different, strange or insane. In general, it lets you see things that don't exist in this life.
Originally Posted by Enemy
Reading is the best way to experience something completely different, strange or insane. In general, it lets you see things that don't exist in this life.
I am Adding you in my friend! I like ppl like you! I think also That way!!!
i read for many reasons one of them being that don't end up being guest on the jeramy kyle show lol
I read different things at different times for very different reasons, which varies from entertainment to pursuit of new knowledge
I read because it's fun and generally the people in the books are leading better lives than i am.
I read because I want to get life experience easely with examples given in the books!
i read when i found something interesting ,otherwise i just turn on the page..and act to read..
2). and force to do that when exam`s are near....:D
cuz some of them have an interesting story.
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Computers and Thought provides a unified, self-contained introduction to artificial intelligence for readers with little or no computing background. It presents an original extended AI programming project - the Automated Tourist Guide exercise throughout the main chapters of the text to illustrate the material covered and show how AI actually works.
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This delicious Caribbean favorite is cholesterol-free and made with very little added fat.
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size 8 oz
Calories 561
Total Fat 4 g
Saturated Fat 1 g
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 193 mg
Ingredients and Preparation
Ingredients Measures
Dry black beans 1 pound
Water 7 cups
Medium green pepper, coarsely chopped 1
Chopped onion 1 ½ cups
Vegetable oil 1 tablespoon
Bay leaves 2
Garlic cloves, minced 1
Salt ½ teaspoon
Vinegar (or lemon juice) 1 tablespoon
Rice, cooked in unsalted water 6 cups
Sliced pimento, drained 1 jar (4 ounces)
Lemon, cut into wedges 1
- Pick through beans to remove bad beans. Soak beans overnight in cold water. Drain and rinse.
- In large soup pot or dutch oven, stir together beans, water, green pepper, onion, oil, bay leaves, garlic, and salt. Cover and boil 1 hour.
- Reduce heat and simmer, covered, 3-4 hours or until beans are very tender. Stir occasionally and add water if needed.
- Remove about 1/3 of the beans, mash and return to pot. Stir and heat through.
- Remove bay leaves and stir in vinegar or lemon juice when ready to serve.
- Serve over rice. Garnish with sliced pimento and lemon wedges.