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Editor's note: In part one of this two-part series on sound editing under Linux, Dave Phillips showed us how to move over from Windows-based Cool Edit to Linux-based Snd. He compared the two software packages, then discussed the installation and configuration of Snd. Now, in part two, Dave walks you through a Snd tutorial and shows you some advanced sound-editing techniques including batch processing.
Now that you're familiar with the basic features of the Snd package for sound editing on Linux, let me walk you through some of the techniques for using this tool. Before beginning this tutorial, you should load the following Scheme files into Snd. These files are included with the Snd source package:
Provides Motif GUI components (sliders, buttons, entry boxes)
Various examples
Various extensions
Some DSP code
Drawing routines
Envelope-specific code
Envelope editing routines
Mark-related procedures
Routines for mixing soundfiles
The Moog filter code
Provides various pop-up menus
Code to stretch/contract sound
The following files are my own additions (see the Resources at the end of this article):
Adds a special menu to the main menu bar
Some background pixmaps
Adds a menu for mark processes
Adds an expanded effects menu
Adds a panic menu for stopping Snd processes
Includes all of these files and some miscellaneous code
You could add an
-l flag at the command prompt for each one of these files but your command string would quickly grow unwieldy (and your wrists would tire). Fortunately you can simply include all of them in a single file, as seen in the
misc.scm file. Download the customization package listed in the Resources for this article, edit
misc.scm to reflect your path to the Scheme files packaged with the Snd sources and the new extension files, then launch the Snd with this command string:
snd -l misc.scm foo.wav
You must specify the complete path to
misc.scm. Loading the sound file is optional.
You can, of course, add new sound files via the File/Open dialog box at any time. The customization package adds some nice features to the dialog, including buttons for toggling a sound files-only listing and for playing the selected file. Multichannel sound files are listed in different colors, and the dialog displays useful information about the selected file. [Figure 1]
Bill Schottstaedt has provided extensive and well-written documentation for Snd in the
snd.html file (or
snd1.html if your browser supports frames). The HTML documentation is quite complete and should be considered the definitive reference. I advise all users to read at least the "Getting Started" section. As mentioned earlier there is also a man page, but it is very brief, containing only a description of the program and a list of some of the command-line flags. I'll cover some of the material found in the HTML documentation, but in a more tutorial fashion.
In his Computer Music Tutorial, Curtis Roads lists these basic functions of sound file editors:
Snd meets nearly all the baseline criteria in that list. Direct I/O with external samplers is perhaps better considered as a function of hardware support, although Snd does support the MIDI Sample File Dump standard as well as a variety of sampler-specific file formats. The identification of a sound sample's musical note values is still technically very problematic and is not commonly found in the popular sound file editors for Windows, Mac OS, or Linux. All the other operations are present and accounted for in Snd.
Beyond the baseline criteria, I've culled a set of common operations from the results of an informal poll of Cool Edit users on the mail lists for Csound, LAD (Linux Audio Developers), and Common Music. Those users most frequently employed the following functions and operations in Cool Edit:
With only a few exceptions Snd again meets the criteria. Noise reduction and compression/limiting are still in development, and of course DirectX plug-in support is absent. However, Snd does support the LADSPA plug-ins, and there are a few other ways of plugging into Snd that we'll look at later.
However, it is one thing to say that Snd has this or that specific function available, and it is another thing to access the function or operation. In classic Snd, many of the baseline functions and Cool Edit-style edits are invoked from the Listener via the Guile/Scheme language. However, the most recent releases of Snd have added a number of widgets and menu items to graphically access its editing tools and signal processors. Power users still have the Listener, but new users can now more easily make their way into Snd's considerable toolkit.
Before we start using that toolkit, let's see how to determine an editing area in Snd.
Edit areas in Snd include the whole file or files, the area between marks, and the selection (highlighted) area. The assumed edit area is the whole file. At this time, most of the effects are applied only to whole files, but work is underway to add options to restrict processing to the highlighted selection or to a marked area.
Marks can be placed into a file in three different forms. Type Ctrl-M or select "Add mark" from the graph display pop-up menu to add a normal mark into your file. Named marks are created with the Ctrl-X-M keyboard combination, and synch marks are added with the Ctrl-M command. In each case, the cursor position defines the mark insert point in the graph display. Delete marks via the channel graph pop-up: Set the cursor near the mark you want to delete, select "Delete mark" from the pop-up, and it's gone.
Any mark can be moved by left-clicking and holding on the handle at the top of the mark and carrying it with the mouse to a new location. You can toggle playback from any mark position by clicking on the triangular tab at the bottom of the mark, or you can drag the mark tab to "scrub" through the sound data. Marks can be used to move sections of a file forward or backward in time: Just hold down the Control key and left-click on the mark handle, then drag the mark forward to replace the existing data (if any) with the dragged material, or drag the mark backward to shift the sound file back and to add silence for the space of the drag. Marks can be used to define sample-accurate boundaries for processing a selection area: Place your marks at single-sample resolution, then select "Define selection by marks" from the Marks menu, and voilà, the marked area will become a sample-accurate highlighted selection area.
Named marks are simply normal marks with names added for display and identification. If Snd's
marks.scm package is loaded, the report-mark-names function will display mark names in the minibuffer during playback.
Synch marks are marks whose actions are synchronized. Whatever is done with one mark will be done for all others synchronized with it: move one mark and the others will follow, even across different channels and files. Click on any synchronization mark's tab and multichannel playback will begin from the position of each synch mark.
You can synch previously-placed normal and named marks with the Start/Stop mark synch items in the Marks menu provided by the customization package. That menu includes many other mark-related editing functions, such as crop and trim operations, loop-play between marks, and a "fit selection to marks" function that time-scales a selected (highlighted) area and fits it between two marks, mixing it with any pre-existing material in the same marked area.
A highlighted selection area is made by holding down the left mouse button anywhere within the channel graph display and sweeping the mouse to the left or right. The swept area will be highlighted; release the mouse button to finalize your selection (a Select All/Unselect All function is also available from the channel graph pop-up menu). Right-click anywhere within the highlighted area to pop up a menu of actions to perform on the selection, such as playback, loop play, reverse, and copy-to-new.
A selected area defines a region. View/Regions will call up the Regions Browser [Figure 2], a dialog window that includes a list of all the selections you've made up to that point, including selections from files that have been closed. At present, the browser is not too useful. You can play individual regions and send them to new edit channels, you can lock regions from deletion or further editing, and you can delete selections from the browser. However, the
examp.scm file includes code for two forms of sequential playback of regions. This command in the Listener:
(region-play-sequence '(0 2 1))
will play regions 0, 2, and 1 in an uninterrupted sequence. This command:
(region-play-list (list (list 0.0 0) (list 0.5 1) (list 1.0 2) (list 1.0 0)))
will play region 0 at 0.0 seconds, region 1 at .5 seconds, and regions 2 and 0 together at 1 second after the start. Hopefully the regions browser will eventually incorporate these commands into a set of graphic controls.
Standard sound file mixing operations include functions to paste, insert, and replace data. Paste-mix blends the mix file (which Snd just calls a mix) with the original data, insert-mix splices in the mix at the cursor point (lengthening the original by the length of the mix data), and replace-mix wipes out the original data and replaces it with the new.
Snd provides a few different methods of paste-mixing. Double-clicking on a sound file name in the File/Mix dialog will paste-mix that file into the active channel. Alternately, you can drag a highlighted file name from the entry box of any file dialog in Snd and drop it into any channel graph display. Paste-mix is also available from the channel graph pop-up menu, but in this case the mix source is the currently selected area. Make your selection, position the cursor at the mix point, then click on Mix Selection from the pop-up menu. In all these methods the mix is pasted in at the cursor position, and a waveform graphic will appear at the top of the channel display. You can reposition the mix waveform by clicking and dragging the handle at the left end of the graph [Figure 3].
Insert-mix is present as an insert-file action and as an insert-selection operation. To make things easy, I've added an Insert File item to the menu created by the
special.scm file. Click on the menu item, select your file from the dialog box, and the original data will be pushed aside by the inserted mix data. The Edit menu and the channel graph pop-up menu both provide an Insert Selection function that operates the same way using the selected area for the mix data. Note too that middle-clicking will insert the last selected area at the cursor position for very fast insert-mixing.
Mix by replacement is also available from the Edit and channel pop-up menus. Once again the mix point is the cursor location in the active channel, and any highlighted data will be mixed into the channel, replacing any existing data from the cursor forward.
Here's a rather elaborate replace-mix technique for a precise remove/edit/replace operation: Select an area in your sound file and copy it to a new file. Snap a pair of marks to the original selection boundaries, then zero out the selected area (copy-to-new, snap-marks, and zero-out are all found in the selection area pop-up menu). Now switch to the copied selection (named
newf-n.snd by default), edit and add effects to taste, click on Edit/Select All, then switch back to the original channel. Position the cursor anywhere before the first marker and type
C-j to accurately position the cursor at the mark point. Right-click in the channel graph display and choose "Mix selection" or "Replace with selection" from the pop-up menu to replace the zeroed out area with your edited region. If the mix material is longer than the original selection area the mix method will determine whether the mix blends with existing data or replaces it.
Other mixing functions are available via the Mix Panel (see Figure 3), including a way to organize your mix files into tracks. A track is a specifier for a group of mix files: When mixes are defined into a track, any action on one of the track members occurs upon all other members sharing the same track identifier. If you move one mix file, all other mix files with the same track number will be moved too. The Mix Panel also includes speed and amplitude sliders that again can be used to adjust one or several mix files at once. Note that clicking on any mix file in the channel graph will update the mix panel to represent the selected mix.
Mixing creates temporary files stored in Snd's
$TMPDIR directory. These files add up, so make sure
$TMPDIR points to a spacious directory. I put the following line in my
$HOME/.bashrc file to set the temporary files in a large empty directory:
export TMPDIR=/usr/local/dump
Finally, be aware that by default the various mix procedures do not automatically normalize or scale amplitudes. You may want to adjust the gain of your original file, or you can use the Mix Panel amplitude slider to scale the volume of the mix file (or files).
Now that we know how to designate edit areas, let's perform some of those operations commonly employed by Cool Edit users to see how Snd does the same things.
Gain and normalization are simple processes. Go to the Effects menu, select the appropriate process, adjust the value slider in the GUI widget, and click on the DoIt button. Most (but not yet all) effects in Snd will call a small hourglass icon to indicate elapsed time during the processing; when the hourglass has filled its bottom half the process is ended and the channel display will update automatically. Gain and normalize can be applied to the whole file, highlighted selection, or marked area.
The easiest way to cut data from a file is to select it with the mouse, then right-click in the selected area to open the Selection pop-up menu. From there, you can choose to delete or erase the area or to crop the data surrounding the selected area. Alternately, you can cut or copy your selection to a new channel. If you synch a group of files you can perform the same cut over all the synchronized files. Trimming and cropping are also mark operations, available as Scheme code or items in the Marks menu. Trim cuts the file length before or behind a mark; crop cuts everything outside a marked area.
Snd has excellent zoom controls. You can use the horizontal sliders beneath a sound's channel graph display to adjust zoom factor and and viewing position, or you can use the keyboard's arrow keys to zoom in or out and move the display view from left to right. The zoom focus can be controlled from the whole-file view down to the individual sample level. To the left of the channel graph display, you can see Snd's vertical resolution sliders. These sliders are especially helpful when editing files with very low amplitudes. You can quickly set the x/y axes to minimum or maximum view by middle-clicking at either end of the slider trough.
Some Cool Edit users specifically mentioned that program's use of sinc interpolation between sample points. According to one user, this method of interpolation yields smoother sound, reducing the possibility of clicks after an edit. Snd employs linear interpolation between sample points, but it also provides a smooth-sound function similar to sinc interpolation for smoothing the results of some editing processes. Snd's default interpolation is quite good though, and all operations available for marked and selected areas can be applied to a single sample.
Sinc interpolation is employed by default for Snd's high-quality sample-rate conversion. The sinc width can be set to improve the lowpass filter during conversion, and sinc interpolation can be toggled to linear interpolation for lower-powered machines.
Snd provides an "unlimited" undo/redo function. Snd's Edit History panel (see Figure 4) provides another way to undo/redo and compare edits: Simply click on any listing in the panel, and the channel graph immediately displays that particular edit stage. Very sweet.
From the main menu, click on View/Show Controls. A set of sliders and other control widgets will unfold beneath the active file's channel graph display (see Figure 2-04). All of the sliders work in real time: The amplitude and speed controls are always active, the others are toggled on or off by a checkbox to the right of their displays. Select Options/Hidden Controls to open a bank of sliders to fine-tune some of the effects parameters [Figure 5]. In case you were wondering, the icon to the right of the speed slider is a pair of arrows (<-->) for toggling playback direction, in real time of course.
Real-time response was quite smooth for most of the effects. High values for the reverb scaler tended to distort the sound, and the Contrast effect was particularly sensitive. Time compress/expand and pitch-shifting performed smoothly over a looping playback (an ideal setup for the musician trying to learn a difficult passage from a recording), and within reasonable scaling limits the reverb was equally responsive.
Snd provides two graphic filter editors, one below the default control panel display and one in the Edit menu. Several pre-defined filters are also available in the Effects menu.
Pull up the control panel's sash from its default position to uncover a frequency response envelope editor for an arbitrary-order (even-numbered) FIR filter. Plot your envelope points, set the order of the filter by clicking the tiny increment/decrement buttons to the right of the data box labeled "filter:", then press Apply to filter the active sound file. Judge the results, and undo as necessary and repeat the process until you're satisfied.
Select Edit Envelope from the Edit menu to open another graphic editor [Figure 6]. This one is more general purpose: You can create linear or exponential envelopes for amplitude (amp), frequency (flt), and sample rate conversion (src), and you can apply them to the whole file or just to the selected area. The frequency response envelope is applied to an arbitrary-order FIR or FFT filter, the exponentiation factor can be adjusted (with the slider labeled "exp:"), and envelopes can be named and saved to files for later use.
The Effects menu includes a variety of pre-fabricated filters. Butterworth filters are available in band-pass, band-reject, high-pass, and low-pass configurations; two comb filters are on the menu; and there's even a Moog-style lowpass-filter (24db/oct) with variable Q. More filters and filter parameter controls are available via the Listener, and work proceeds to bring more of that code into the Effects menu and the graphic control widgets.
We have already seen the real-time reverb controls available on Snd's control panel. The algorithm employed for that reverb is from composer Michael McNabb's Nrev, and it can now be called from the Effects menu with more of its parameters exposed. Composer John Chowning's reverb also produces a good sounding reverb with only two controls.
Convolution is an excellent means of applying a natural reverberation to a sound file. The process typically requires a sound file to be effected and an impulse response (IR) file to supply the effect. IR files are recordings of very brief sound events such as a finger-snap or a firecracker in an interesting acoustic environment. When a sound file is convolved with an impulse response file, it will sound as though it had been originally recorded in that environment. Snd's "simple" convolution is surprisingly effective, and I had great fun reverberating sound files with impulse responses from subway stations, stone cathedrals, and gigantic gas tanks. I also rediscovered the value of the Normalize amplitude scaler: The convolution produced a sound file with a greatly expanded dynamic range, but normalizing scaled the data back to the range comfortable for my 16-bit audio device.
The Effects menu includes other common signal-processing routines such as flange, echo, and time-scaling/pitch-shifting. It also includes less-common routines such as cross synthesis and adaptive saturation. All of these processing options have been available via the Listener, but the graphic controls invite experimentation without the language learning curve.
Snd's frequency analysis displays are impressive. Your sound file can be analyzed by any of nine transforms, with more than a dozen window types and sizes. The spectral view itself can be controlled by the keys of your numeric keypad: The arrow keys control the perspective, the forward slash and asterisk keys control the transform size, and the plus and minus keys adjust the analysis window's "hop" size. The keypad Enter key resets the analysis defaults. You can also control the resolution of the x axis by left-clicking on the axis display and dragging the mouse to zoom in and out of the analysis data. Many other options are available from the frequency graph pop-up menu [Figure 7] or from Options/Transform Options on the main menu bar.
Snd correctly reads and displays 32-bit sound files, automatically scaling the output for 16-bit audio equipment. I tested Snd's 32-bit capability by using Csound to create two 32-bit files -- one in IRCAM's SF format and the other as a WAV file. Both sound files loaded and played without complaint.
You can convert the sound file's format with File/Save As. That dialog includes selection boxes for header style and data representation (with default associations), an entry box for comments, and the default sampling rate (user-definable).
If Snd is configured
--with-ladspa, you can dynamically load LADSPA plug-ins (see my article on LADSPA plug-ins on the O'Reilly Network). Unfortunately Snd does not yet provide graphic controls for LADSPA plug-ins, but loading them via the Listener is not terribly difficult. Here's a basic example:
(apply-ladspa (make-sample-reader 0) (list "cmt" "delay_5s" .3 .5) 12000 "/home/dlphilp/soundfiles/bunt.wav")
This sequence tells Snd to read a block of 12,000 samples from the
bunt.wav file, starting at sample number 0, and apply the
delay_5s LADSPA plug-in (found in the
cmt.so library) with a delay time of .3 seconds and a 50/50 balance of unaffected and affected sound.
Play commands are available everywhere in Snd. The Play button toggles playback from the start of the file; when toggled off, the cursor returns to its original position. Normal play and loop play are available for the whole file, highlighted selection, or marked area. The channel graph pop-up menu includes commands for normal play (from the start of the file), play from cursor position, play previous edit, and play the original unedited file. Use synch marks for multichannel play as described above. Press the space bar to pause playback, press again to continue playback from the stop point. Type
C-t to stop the player at any time, or select Stop Play from the Panic Control menu created by the customization package.
Snd will load and play monaural, stereo, and multichannel soundfiles in 8-, 16-, or 32-bit resolution. If your audio hardware supports true multichannel playback, Snd will distribute the channels properly, but it will also nicely fold multichannel files into stereo output if the hardware is not capable of handling more than two channels. You can also make a multichannel sound file by specifying the desired number of channels when creating a new empty file from the File/New dialog.
Go to File/Record to open Snd's Recorder window [Figure 8]. In this window, you can monitor and record audio input, set system sound levels, and save your recordings in a variety of file formats. You can specify a file name for your recording, along with its sample rate and number of channels, and if necessary, you can adjust the record buffer size.
Snd's default input device is the microphone channel of the system sound card mixer. To change the recording device, close the Recorder and make this entry in the Listener:
(set! (recorder-in-device) mus-audio-line-in)
Reopen the Recorder and the input channel will now be set to the line-in of your sound card mixer. To set the input channel back to the microphone, close the record window and run this command in the Listener:
(set! (recorder-in-device) mus-audio-microphone)
microphone with
cd to record from your CD player. Or you can skip all that typing by using a widget I put together for my SBLive (found in the Special menu), but you'll still need to open/close the Recorder window to reset the input device.
The instructions above are valid for ALSA, OSS/Linux, and the kernel drivers. However, if you're using the ALSA drivers you have an extra record input option: You can tap the sound card mixer's master output as a recording source, letting you record the output from programs like Freebirth (a cool synth/sample-player/sequencer with, alas, no file-save function), or from Internet streaming audio broadcasts. This Listener command correctly informs the Recorder to take its input from the soundcard mixer's master output:
(set! (recorder-in-device) mus-audio-line-out)
It will not reset the system mixer, because Snd is slightly out of synch with the current ALSA packages. Any ALSA-aware mixer should include a switch to set the master output as the record source, and hopefully Snd's support for native ALSA features will improve after ALSA reaches version 1.0. Until then, ALSA's OSS emulation layer works perfectly for Snd compiled with support for the OSS/Free (kernel sound) API.
Note: As mentioned earlier, Fernando Lopez-Lezcano has been working to improve Snd's support for native ALSA. Snd does support ALSA 0.5.x and 0.9.x beta, though your mileage may vary according to your particular sound card. See the documentation in the latest Snd packages for the latest information regarding Snd and ALSA.
Once you've selected your recording device, you can set its level from the mixer in the top-right corner of the Recorder window. When you are satisfied with the level settings, activate the Recorder's input channels by pressing one or both of the A/B buttons beside the input level meters. Now give your recording a new name and press the Record button. When you've finished, press the Done button (it replaced Record). If you toggled the Autoload button, your new file will be loaded immediately after recording.
You can also start recording only after the input signal passes a certain level. When you move the Trigger slider, the Record button becomes a Triggered Record button: press it, but no recording will occur until the input level reaches the amplitude set by the threshold slider.
Snd's recording facilities are rather Spartan, but Snd was not designed to replace a hard-disk recording system. The Recorder is a useful tool, and if your recording needs are not particularly heavy, it may suit your purpose perfectly.
There are too many other untapped resources in Snd to cover in this article, such as the scanned synthesis display, the FM violin controls, and running Snd remotely. But before we leave let's take a brief look at a few advanced uses of Snd.
You may recall that Snd can be compiled without any GUI at all. In this form, it can be used as an interactive interpreter for Scheme commands, as seen in the following very simple sequence:
[dlphilp@localhost snd-5]$ ./snd
snd> (open-sound "bunt.wav")
snd> (play)
snd> (close-sound 0)
snd> (exit)
The call to open
bunt.wav returns the file ID, the
play command plays any files opened (all at once if several are loaded), and
close-sound closes out the file with the particular ID.
Snd with no GUI can also function as a batch processor for Scheme scripts. For example, this
test.scm file:
(open-sound "bunt.wav")
(scale-by 0.5)
(save-sound-as "bunt-scaled.snd")
will open
bunt.wav, reduce its amplitude by half, save it as a new file, and exit. Run it with this command under Snd with no GUI:
snd -l test.scm
Obviously far more complex scripts can be assembled, and the interested reader is advised to refer to the relevant sections of Snd's documentation.
So far we have only considered Scheme code files as a way to dynamically load new functions into Snd. Snd is also capable of loading shared objects at runtime via commands issued in the Listener. The procedure for building shared objects from the Scheme code is described in detail in the Snd documentation, and I refer the interested reader to those sections dealing with Snd's use of runtime modules and external programs. The documentation also describes methods for using external applications with Snd, such as Perry Cook's STK (synthesis toolkit), the SoX "Swiss Army knife of audio," and Bill Schottstaedt's own Common LISP Music.
For example, you can link a shared object into Snd with these commands:
(define lib (dynamic-link "/home/dlphilp/snd-5/eff.so"))
(dynamic-call "init_eff" lib)
At this point, you can invoke the flange processor from the shared object:
(loop-samples (make-sample-reader 0) (get-flange) (frames) "flange" (make-flange 2.0 5.0 0.001))
Called this way, the flange processor should run about 30 times faster than if it were called via the same code in
If you load the customization package Snd will place a Special menu on the main menu bar. Among other things that menu offers a Start/Stop Enveloping feature. When Start Enveloping is invoked, the next file opened will appear with a graphic envelope editor beside the usual time-domain waveform display [Figure 9]. This editor will appear along all subsequently opened files until the Stop Enveloping item is selected. When Start Enveloping is active, you can create an envelope in the graphic editor and apply it to either amplitude or panning. I have added a widget for the panning function, available from the Special/Play Panned menu item, to make it easier to experiment with this interesting feature.
I hope you've enjoyed this article. Above all, I hope you actually tried using Snd with its latest enhancements on some files of your own. I welcome any feedback, particularly with suggestions for improving the interface components and corrections to parameter definitions.
Snd is rich in editing, processing, mixing, and synthesis capabilities, and the customization of Snd is an ongoing process. The addition of GUI widgets and pop-up menus has contributed greatly to the new Snd's ease of use, but much of Snd's power remains to be revealed to the non-programming user. Work on improving Snd's interface will continue, and the interested reader is advised to join the Snd mailing list to stay current with its latest developments (see the Snd home page for details).
I would like to thank the many respondents to my query regarding Cool Edit on the mail lists for Csound, the Linux Audio Developers group, and the "Common" software packages: Their responses formed the core around which my customization of Snd took shape, and I am truly in their debt. I must also thank Fernando Pablo Lopez-Lezcano for his assistance in resolving my problems with ALSA and Snd. But by far the greatest thanks goes to Snd author Bill Schottstaedt. He endured a nearly unceasing flow of questions and requests during the writing of this article, and he provided nearly all the tools needed to create the Snd presented in this article.
Part one of this series: Developing and Using Snd: Editing Sound Under Linux, Part One
Online Resources:
Other Necessary Software
Print Resources
Dave Phillips maintains the Linux Music & Sound Applications Web site and has been a performing musician for more than 30 years.
Return to the Linux DevCenter.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


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†Daily Value not established.
I was shocked to find that this product contains methyl and propyl parabens - two ingredients which have been banned in the EU because they are known carcinogens. I sent this back to iherb at my own expense. Not happy because this is not stated on the website.
I take 4000 mg's a day of these, so enteric coating is essential. Softgels alone make me taste fish all day! This brand is really nice, no fish after-effects at all and the coating helps them (on this brand) not to get sticky in hot weather. ---Only bad thing is they advertise 2000 mg's, but the serving size is 2 pills. It should read 1000 mg and have a one pill serving size. That messed me up on the pill count I determined for my order and price comparison.
Contains parabens - beware
Posted by Reviewer1601508 on Jul 20, 2013
I was shocked to find that this product contains methyl and propyl parabens - two ingredients which have been banned in the EU because they are known carcinogens. I sent this back to iherb at my own expense. Not happy because this is not stated on the website.
Omega 3 Fish Oils
Posted by Reviewer1691467 on May 22, 2012
An excellent product,I am very happy with it Already I am feeling the benefits Will buy again in the future
Posted by Reviewer2149910 on Feb 27, 2012
difficult to feel difference
Good stuff
Posted by Reviewer1963608 on Oct 30, 2011
As others mentioned, no fishy taste at all with these. I had been taking the virgin cocoanut oil for omega 3's, but these feel like they are doing more for me. Thanks, i-herb for adding the USPS option for free shipping for orders over $40. That's a great help to those of us on the East Coast!
Enteric Omega 3 Fish Oil
Posted by Reviewer1274616 on Apr 17, 2011
No fishy taste and high quality Omega 3

subset: commoncrawl


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Follow @DaytimeRoyalty
|Viewing Single Post From: Weekly recaps of Tomlin/Lisanti's year at "Days" 1980-1981
|Jun 12 2009, 06:12 PM
As requsted on various message boards, here are the abbreviated weekly recaps of Gary Tomlin & Michelle Poteet Lisanti's one year of head writing "Days" from October 20, 1980-October 20, 1981. Tomlin is now the co-executive producer of "Days" and Poteet Lisanti just returned this week as a staff writer.
Week of 10/20/80: Mrs. Chisholm confirmed that that Kellam knew Sunny was murdered. Cassie crashed Tod's party. Julie guessed that Joshua is Sunny's long-lost son. Marie asked Alex not to look for Jessica's parents.
10/27/80: Julie stopped Joshua from killing Kellam. Cassie's dead body washed ashore. Don and Marlena argued about her joining Kellam's staff. Neil refused Kellam's bribe and his gambling debts mounted.
11/3/80: Tod begged Jessica to lie to the cops because they thought he killed Cassie. Mary's attentions were on Chris. Kellam lost the governor's race.
11/10/80: Chris left town when he found out Alex owns the marina. Don and Marlena separated. Trish offered to help Neil with his debts.
11/17/80: Marie admitted to Alex that they are Jessica's parents. Tod and Jessica were charged with Cassie's murder. Liz realized that Neil was Kellam's pawn. Maggie cautioned Mike against teasing Mickey about her and Kyle.
11/24/80: Joshua's testimony cleared Tod and Jessica. Kyle fantasized about Maggie. Mike and Trish rekindled their past love. Neil had Lee tranquilized.
12/1/80: Pippin, the loan shark, closed in on Neil for his gambling debts. Jessica moved into her new apartment. Kellam made a move on Marlena.
12/8/80: Marie begged Alex not to adopt Jessica. Kellam urged Marlena to adopt Johnny. Pippin, the loan shark, had Neil beaten up. Kellam told Liz he'll give Neil the money if she leaves Neil and returns to him.
12/15/80: Jessica was adopted by Alex. Neil disappeared. Marlena asked Don for a divorce. Doug was angered when Lee taunted Julie.
12/22/80: Lee ruined Doug and Julie's Christmas Eve. Doug got even by spending Christmas Day with the Hortons. Because of a mixup, the hospital party had two feuding Santas, Don and Kellam. Chris returned to Salem. Liz asked Mickey to hire a detective to find Neil.
1/5/81: Lee resented the arrival of her sister, Renee. Neil returned but wouldn't tell Liz where he was or how he paid off his debts. Marie went on a religious retreat. Tom prepared for hip surgery. Mike became Trish's manager.
1/12/81: Chris and Joshua decided to build a gym. Lee began receiving mysterious phone calls. Maggie and Mickey became closer after Kyle left town.
1/19/81: Alice found out that Alex is Jessica's father. Liz agreed to marry Neil. Brent returned and followed Renee. Joshua offered Tod a gym job.
1/26/81: Marlena and Don made love one last time before their divorce. Chris told Leslie that it's over between them. Don agreed that Liz should confess their affair to Neil.
2/2/81: Brent assumed the name Brad Connors and dated Julie. Alex asked Marie to leave the church and marry him. Liz came clean to Neil. Lee found out she could walk again, but pretended she couldn't.
2/9/81: Alex fumed when Tod and Jessica dated. Neil forgave Liz for her affair. Renee caught Lee out of her wheelchair. Alex and Marie followed Mary in the Chandler plane, which Max had rigged to crash to kill Alex.
2/16/81: Marie and Alex found their way to a deserted cabin after crashing. Mary found out Marie was Jessica's mother. Brent told Lee he would kill Julie unless Lee paid him more money. Kellam proposed to Marlena.
2/23/81: Lee admitted to Doug she had been a prostitute. Max was confident that Marie and Alex were dead. After Julie rebuffed Brent, he plotted to kill her and frame Lee.
3/2/81: Lee went off the deep end after killing Brent, who was holding Julie hostage. Marie removed her nun's veil and kissed Alex. Doug and Julie reunited.
3/9/81: Kellam showed signs of a breakdown. Tod proposed to Jessica. Neil advised Trish not to divorce David. Tod blamed Marlena for Kellam's condition.
3/16/81: Julie refused to press charges against Lee. Neil clashed with Don over Liz. Chris dated Renee.
3/23/81: Kellam attacked Marlena then was accidentally shot dead by Tod. Marie came closer to leaving the church. Mary seduced Alex. Joshua comforted Marlena. Julie and Doug planned to remarry soon.
3/30/81: Marie caught Alex with Mary. Trish brought Scotty to Salem. Jessica agreed to marry Tod. Alex warned Max not to hurt Mary. Liz accused Marlena of leading Kellam on.
4/6/81: Max went to jail. Marlena revealed to Don that Kellam had raped her. David arrived to stop Trish from divorcing him. Maggie was intrigued when Neil started a surrogate mother program at the hospital.
4/13/81: Tom and Alice advised Marie to leave the church. Marlena resumed her work at the hospital. Don gave up on Marlena once and for all. David told Tom that his boss, Stuart Whyland, might move to Salem.
4/20/81: Jessica was elated when she found out Alex was her father. Mickey nixed Maggie's idea of becoming a surrogate mother. Lee set her eyes on Neil.
4/27/81: Mickey rethought things and gave his okay for Maggie to become a surrogate mother. Marie told Jessica she was her mother. Neil was hesitant to hire Stuart as hospital administrator. Maggie learned that Mike would be returning to Salem in a few weeks.
5/4/81: Marie left the church and began dating Alex. Jessica disappeared. Stuart offered Marlena her own radio talk show.
5/11/81: Mike returned to town. Lee tried to turn Hope against Julie. Neil purchased a house for him and Liz. Stuart dated Marlena.
5/18/81: Lee was released from Bayview. Neil dated Mary to get her off Alex's back. Stuart had eyes for Maggie. Mike became a paramedic. Liz's singing career skyrocketed.
5/25/81: Lee failed to stop Doug and Julie's wedding. Trish and David divorced. Mary located Jessica at a convent. Julie and Doug honeymooned in Japan.
6/1/81: Maggie became pregnant. Mickey told Marlena that he's still apprehensive about Maggie's pregnancy. Chris told Renee about his estranged brother, Jake.
6/8/81: Don and Liz planned to tie the knot. Chris suffered a concussion after a scuffle with Tod. Doug consulted Marlena about Hope's distrust of Julie. Hope decided to live Tom and Alice. Lee gave up on pursuing Doug. Chris was delighted when Jake moved to Salem.
6/15/81: Maggie comforted Stuart. Marie told Mother Superior that Jessica is rushing too fast to become a nun. Jake impressed Hope. Marlena convinced Stuart to hire his son, Evan, at the medical center.
6/22/81: Doug made a scene when he found Hope in Jake's room. Tod apologized for fighting Chris. Don investigated Marlena's weird phone call. Mickey feared that Maggie wouldn't give her child for adoption once it was born.
6/29/81: Chris broke off with Renee. Alex wanted to wed Marie. Hope turned Doug away.
7/6/81: Mike proposed to Trish. Lee tried to throw Neil and Liz together for Marlena's sake. David warned Marie about Alex.
7/13/81: Alex was shot. Renee told police she saw David removing fingerprints from a gun. Neil confirmed that Evan fathered Maggie's child through the surrogacy program. Doug and Hope made amends.
7/20/81: David was charged with shooting Alex. Alex's condition stabilized. Lee dated Stuart.
7/27/81: Jessica kept mum about being evicted from the convent and formed a sleazy alter ego named Angel. Marlena received an ominous note. Liz pressed Don to marry her. Jake pursued Angel. Trish put off marrying Mike.
8/3/81: Alex revealed he had not seen his assailant. Tod admitted he had a drunken blackout the night of Alex's shooting. Don investigated Marlena's strange letters. Neil failed to pry Evan away from Maggie.
8/10/81: Alex realized he's paralyzed. Mary gave a report to Don that stated David was shuttling drug packages in California. Hope offered to introduce Jessica to Jake, who doesn't know Jessica is Angel. Liz planned a splashy wedding to Don.
8/17/81: Mike and Trish got engaged. Don agreed to marry Liz in two weeks. David was convicted of shooting Alex. David's cell mate was hired to kill him. Hope resumed dating Jake, this time with Doug's approval.
8/24/81: David broke out of jail. Maggie had second thoughts about surrendering her child. Marlena received more frightening calls.
8/31/81: Don and Liz got married. Marlena worried that her caller killed a girl. Jake broke a date with Hope to see Angel. Hope warmed up to Julie. Mike tried to win over Scotty. Tod and Joshua reconciled.
9/7/81: Mike scared away a henchman who held Trish and Scotty at gunpoint. Neil caught Jessica hallucinating. Don and Marlena joined forces to catch her mystery caller. Neil dated Mary. Renee hid David in the Body Connection basement.
9/14/81: Mike discovered David. Alex planned a risky operation for his paralysis. Marie set a wedding date with Alex. Jessica's "Angel" persona vowed to exterminate Jessica.
9/21/81: Marie realized that Jessica is Angel. Marlena's caller is on a murder rampage. Joshua told Marlena he has feelings for her.
9/28/81: Marie stopped Jake and Angel (Jessica)'s wedding ceremony and got Jessica hospitalized. Don and Liz had more tiffs over Marlena. Mickey noticed Evan is uncomfortable around him.
10/5/81: Lee was besieged by creditors. Mary tried to seduce Neil. Mike helped David don a facial disguise.
10/12/81: A depressed and out-of-it Tod was arrested after Don prevented him from strangling Marlena. Don thought Tod was Marlena's mystery caller. Mickey and Maggie learned her child would be adopted by a doctor. The mob edged closer to David. Joshua comforted Marlena.
10/19/81: The cops nabbed the mobster after David. Marlena's caller struck again while Tod was locked up. Mike helped Alex search for clues about his assailant.
Tomlin & Poteet Lisanti were replaced after this week of show's by Pat Falken Smith, who would, in the next few months, re-introduce the characters of Valerie & Danny Grant and create three new families in Salem with the introduction of Roman Brady, Kayla Brady, Abe Carver, Stefano DiMera and Tony DiMera.
|Weekly recaps of Tomlin/Lisanti's year at "Days" 1980-1981 · DAYS: News, Spoilers & Discussion


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Land trust sets gas guidelines; a milestone true to its mission
UPPER DELAWARE REGION — Just before the new year arrived, members of the Delaware Highlands Conservancy (DHC) received word that the non-profit accredited land trust had established guidelines concerning development of natural gas on DHC-protected lands in the Upper Delaware River region. The new guidelines govern amendment of its existing conservation easements as well as new easement donations.
A conservation easement is a voluntary but legally binding agreement between a landowner and a land trust. The landowner retains ownership and title to his or her land, but extinguishes development rights.
The exhaustive process of drafting the new guidelines resulted in the following conclusion: "Gas drilling and its associated impacts on infrastructure and natural resources are not compatible with our mission and the conservation goals we must meet to assure the long term protection of our lands, waters, and quality of life."
Greg Belcamino, president of the DHC Board of Directors, continued in the letter to explain the organization's view that natural gas exploration, extraction and associated impacts raise immediate and serious concerns.
"In all of our land protection, education and outreach efforts, we consistently recognize the importance of healthy lands and waters to our region's local forest, farm, and tourism economies and to the rural quality of life residents of this region desire to sustain," wrote Belcamino. "The conservancy's mission of protecting the lands and waters of this region now and for future generations demands that we take an approach to natural gas development that is consistent with our immediate and long range conservation goals."
In arriving at this position, the DHC researched how other land trusts were responding to considerations of the impacts of natural gas development on the conservation values of lands and waters over a period of several years. After thorough discussion, a set of guidelines was adopted to address that development in a way that assures the organization's mission remains central to all of its land protection activities.
Challenges encountered during the process included finding unbiased sources of information and staying abreast of the rapidly evolving evaluations of the safety of gas drilling. "We were cognizant of the passion evoked by this issue, and yet we needed to remain focused on our mission and committed to our normal decision-making process," said Belcamino. "At the completion of the process, the board was unanimous in voting to accept them."
Belcamino notes that response has been "overwhelmingly positive" to date. "Our members and our supporters are dedicated to our mission to conserve the lands and waters of the Upper Delaware region now and for future generations," said Belcamino. "Even members who may disagree with the standards set forth in the guidelines have told us that we have taken a positive step in adopting them."
Roy and Joann Morsch, who own property in Wayne County that is protected through a DHC easement, decided against leasing it for natural gas development. "The more we learn about the process, the more convinced we are to not lease," wrote the couple in an email. "We feel responsible for our own personal health and safety, and also for that of our neighbors and our community. The risks involved are not worth the risk of destroying our aquifer and the water source for millions of people. We try to live with respect for our environment and all the living creatures that share the land with us. The DHC should be commended for publishing its guidelines."
The guidelines, along with a preface that explains the context in which they were developed, can be viewed in the online version of this story at www.riverreporteronline.com.
In the preface, it is pointed out that while other land trusts have issued "policies" that seek to reassure both pro-and anti-drilling factions, the DHC has taken a different approach. "We wish to make clear that we do not favor the introduction of gas drilling into our region. The conservancy protects land that possesses special conservation values; it would be incompatible with our mission to protect land in which those conservation values may be diminished by drilling and its associated activities and infrastructure.
"Whether drilling occurs or not, the conservancy will continue to accomplish its land protection mission, including education and community outreach that promote strong and sustainable relationships between people and the lands where they live, work and play."
The new guidelines are the latest significant challenge that the DHC, which has protected 13,185 acres with 66 conservation easements, has met within the past year. In August 2011, the DHC was awarded accreditation from the Land Trust Alliance's Accreditation Commission, placing it among a select group of 135 out of 1,700 land trusts in the United States to earn the seal adhering to national quality standards for protecting important natural places and working lands and for organizational operation and management.
Land trusts like the DHC have protected a total of 47 million acres—an area over twice the size of all the national parks in the contiguous United States. The DHC welcomes new volunteers and members. Visit www.DelawareHighlands.org, email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 570/226-3164 or 845/807-0535 for more information.
Preface to Guidelines for Decisions involving Natural Gas Leases
The Delaware Highlands Conservancy (Conservancy) is an accredited land trust. We work with willing landowners and communities to protect the natural heritage and quality of life of in the Upper Delaware region. Although the Conservancy is not an advocacy organization, our Board of Directors recognizes that the advent of a pervasive industrial activity, such as drilling for natural gas in the Marcellus Shale formation, is not compatible with our goals.
Our mission is land protection, and our work will continue even if gas drilling occurs here. Gas drilling complicates and compromises the Conservancy's efforts to protect our region for future generations. For several years we have worked to craft a sensible approach to the threats posed by gas drilling. Other land trusts have issued "policies" on gas drilling that seek to reassure both pro- and anti-drilling factions. We have taken a different approach.
We wish to make clear that we do not favor the introduction of gas drilling into our region. But if it comes, we will continue to carry out our mission to protect the lands in our region that contribute most to its special character. To that end, we have adopted a set of guidelines to inform our land protection efforts.
The guidelines will inform the work of the Conservancy's Land Protection Committee, which advises the Board of Directors on all land protection decisions and makes recommendations as to whether the Conservancy should acquire conservation easements on particular lands. The guidelines require the Land Protection Committee to undertake enhanced evaluation when considering properties where there are, or may be, gas leases, whether or not they permit surface disturbance. The guidelines also make it clear that our Board of Directors is the ultimate decisionmaker with respect to gas issues, and may reject any Land Protection Committee recommendation to protect land that may be affected by gas drilling.
The Conservancy protects land that possesses special conservation values; it would be incompatible with our mission to protect land in which those conservation values may be diminished by drilling and its associated activities and infrastructure. Only in cases of exceptionally important lands where there are assurances that drilling will have no impacts will we consider acquiring a conservation easement.
Much research, thought and deliberation have gone into these guidelines. We feel that they represent both a rational and a principled response to the threat our region faces.
The Conservancy promotes the extraordinary value of the region's working farms and forests, natural spaces and clean waters through education, partnerships and publications as well as through our land protection efforts. We seek to lead in connecting communities to these abundant natural resources, and to communicate the necessity of protecting them. We have endeavored to make our approach to gas drilling consistent with these goals.
These guidelines govern amendment of existing conservation easements as well as new easement donations. The Land Protection Committee will adopt procedures and criteria intended to ensure compliance with these guidelines.
1. Delaware Highlands Conservancy (Conservancy) will not enter into any lease for extraction of natural gas (including subsurface-extraction only leases) on any property owned by the Conservancy.
2. Delaware Highlands Conservancy will not accept new conservation easements for properties for which a surface-disturbance gas lease is in effect or accept a new easement that would allow for the donor or a subsequent owner to sign a surface-disturbance lease. However, if, in the judgment of the Land Protection Committee (LPC), the property is large enough, has extraordinary conservation values, and the terms of the gas lease would not permit activities that could impair those conservation values, then the Land Protection Committee may set forth the extraordinary characteristics of the property, describe the measures that have been or will be imposed to ensure that gas extraction does not harm the conservation values of the property, and recommend that the Board waive this prohibition and accept the easement. The Board may in its sole discretion reject the LPC's recommendation and decline to accept the easement.
3. The Land Protection Committee may recommend that the Board accept an easement for a property if an area for surface-disturbance has been subdivided into a separate parcel or otherwise excluded from the restrictions imposed by the easement. However, the Land Protection Committee must in its recommendation describe the extraordinary conservation values of the property and set forth the measures to be required to ensure that the extraction activities do not impair the conservation values of the property. The Board may in its sole discretion reject the LPC's recommendation and decline to accept the easement.
4. Upon recommendation by the Land Protection Committee, Delaware Highlands Conservancy may accept new easements for properties already subject to subsurface-only extraction leases (or subject to compulsory pooling). However, before accepting any such easement, the Board must be satisfied that sufficient restrictions are in place on the drilling site(s) and associated infrastructure to ensure that the extraordinary conservation values of the property are not impaired. The Board may in its sole discretion reject the LPC's recommendation and decline to accept the easement.


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A former Dubuque public school assistant principal convicted of having an inappropriate sexual relationship with a student has been released from prison.
The Telegraph Herald of Dubuque reports that former Hempstead High School Assistant Principal Shane Oswald was released Friday morning.
Oswald was arrested in January 2010 on suspicion of having sex with a 17-year-old student. He was also charged with distribution of a controlled substance and providing alcohol to a minor, but those charges were dropped in exchange for his guilty plea to sexual exploitation by a school employee.
Oswald must now register as a sex offender and will be on probation until October 2017.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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is anyone familiar with this brand? only thing on the gas valve is "18AI"
oops sorry need to go to LP
Waterford was purchased by Fireplace Products international (better known as Regency fireplaces). Regency stopped making them but they would be the best people to talk to regarding the parts.
thank you
I've tried to find parts for the waterford stoves with limited to no success. I doubt you could even get them from Ireland anymore. Best bet is to try to sell the stove to someone who needs that gas and get a newer one. Sorry.
Forum Rules


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Radar Tornado Warning, Indiana 2:05 PM 3/23/11
It should miss me here, would be about 20 mins away if it doesn't shift a little north east as it goes.
Watching Weather Channel on TV
New 2:13 PM Jackson county under tornado warning
"We know that Mother Nature is a woman. If she were a man, there would be no rain on race day."


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Over the last few years, there has been extensive talk about the obesity problem here in the United States, particularly childhood obesity, and there's also been a good amount of dialogue on what children should do to live more healthfully.
It's been widely reported that childhood obesity is linked to a host of serious illnesses like diabetes and heart disease, so a large part of the national dialogue has also been about what kids and parents should do to eat better and get more exercise.
But what should parents do when eating right and exercising aren't enough, and the obesity problem goes from something that can be self-managed to something that's out of control?
Although a recent study found a majority of parents oppose bariatric weight-loss surgery -- also called gastric bypass -- for their obese teens, a group of researchers say the procedure can be a big help to young patients.
Researchers found that weight-loss surgery improved blood flow among 60 percent of teens who underwent the procedure, and also decreased their heart size, which in many cases had become enlarged because of obesity.
These results were determined after a research team from Nationwide Children's Hospital conducted cardiac MRI tests on teen patients, both before and after they underwent weight loss surgery, a procedure that's not typically done on teens today.
Teen lost 100 pounds
To find out just how weight loss surgery may impact the life of a teenager, we spoke to 21-year old Kelley Allen, from New Concord, Ohio, who had bariatric surgery when she was 17 years of age.
After losing 100 pounds since the surgery, she says the changes in her life have been pretty tremendous.
"Things have changed for me in many ways since surgery, not just physically but mentally," she said in an interview with ConsumerAffairs.
"I had zero confidence in myself before surgery. But after I had the surgery and saw the results and realized how much better I physically felt, I knew that I had a second chance at life and I was excited about it."
Kelley also says that when it came time to decide whether to get the surgery, the decision wasn't very difficult due to the heavy amount of research she did beforehand.
"It was not a tough decision for me at all, because I made an informed decision," she said. "I did the research about the surgery and I felt that it was what I needed to do. The decision to go ahead with the surgery was one that I made on my own. I knew that my parents supported me and they had given me their opinions but they wanted me to solely make the final decision."
The research team points to the fact that one out of five kids suffers from obesity in the United States, which is three times the rate of just a generation ago, and although new health initiatives have been established to help lower the childhood obesity rate, the number of kids suffering from obesity just isn't decreasing fast enough.
Kelley says one of the good things about the weight-loss surgery, at least in her case, was a fast recovery time.
"Recovery for me personally was not difficult," she says. "I was back to school in two weeks for half days and four weeks after surgery I was going for full days. I felt that a lot of the recovery was because I had the determination."
A family affair
Some parents may still be worried about their teenagers getting such an invasive procedure so early in life, but Dr. Marc Michalsky, who was involved in the study and also one of the physicians who performed the bariatric surgery on Kelley, said both parents and teenager really need to be involved in the decision-making process, and the procedure should not be one that kids make alone.
"One of the most important factors that parents of potential bariatric patients should consider is the fact that the process of surgical weight reduction for adolescents is a family affair," said Dr. Michalsky in an interview with ConsumerAffairs.
"Parents have a huge role in helping their child achieve optimal weight reduction since, in most instances; they are primarily responsible for overseeing the patient's nutritional intake and associated behaviors."
Dr. Michalsky also says that until now, there haven't been many studies on the relationship between cardiovascular disease and childhood obesity.
"While there have been reports of indirect measures of cardiovascular risk in the severely obese adolescent population, including studies demonstrating the presence of several biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (i.e. elevated serum insulin level, cholesterol and triglycerides), only a few studies have shown direct evidence of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities in this population."
And because there haven't been many of these studies conducted on teen obesity, weight-loss surgery and how it affects the heart, many parents may not associate teen obesity with organ damage, and also may not realize what an impact weight-loss surgery can have.
Cardiovascular abnormalities
"We were initially quite surprised to learn that a certain proportion of patients appear to have cardiovascular abnormalities identified using cardiac MRI," Dr. Michalsky said. "However, it is important to realize that the results presented in the current study are quite preliminary and require additional large-scale investigation before more reliable conclusions can be drawn."
"I believe that the important take-home message is that obesity affects many important organ systems which support the need for effective intervention designed to improve and extend the life of their child."
Dr. Michalsky also says bariatric surgery should never be performed on teens solely for cosmetic reasons; each teen who qualifies is suffering physical damage, not just an image problem.
"Many of the adolescent patients that present for surgical weight reduction are dealing with many obesity-related co-morbid illnesses that were previously only thought to affect the adult population," he said. "Examples include, Type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension, insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, etc."
As far as whether teens and parents should move forward with weight-loss surgery, Kelley says it all starts with research, and doing your homework on the procedure is what should actually shape your decision.
"My first suggestion would be to research the surgery, so when they do make a decision it is an informed one. I feel that it is so important to understand what goes on with the surgery, because it is such a big change," she said.
Also, "Stay positive. People do not always agree with the decision that you may make, but if you are happy and excited, then that is what matters."


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Talk of the TownFebruary 14,2013
Whats cooking?
WILLIAMSTOWN If members of the Charity Chapter 57 Order of the Eastern Star would just stop cooking wed stop writing about them.
Maybe next month.
On the heels of last months extremely successful (if oddly timed) chicken pie supper, were told the women from Williamstown are heading back into the kitchen to prepare what theyre hoping will be an extremely successful (if oddly timed) ham and bean supper.
Its set for Feb. 23 (thats a Saturday), and unlike last months chicken pie supper, there will be one seating at 6 p.m. not two.
Were told theyve been hosting this particular meal at the Summit Lodge (right across from the elementary school) on Brush Hill Road for the past six years, so theyve got it pretty well down to a science.
Ham and beans (both baked, of course) top a menu that includes scalloped potatoes, Harvard beets, copper penny carrots and pickles. The meal, which will be served family-style so folks dont leave hungry, will include gingerbread for dessert.
If ham isnt your thing, not to worry theyll be preparing chicken breast as a substitute.
Admission is $10. Because theres only a single seating, reservations are encouraged (call Nadine Martin at 479-9664).
Martin tells us March and April will be months of rest for the chapter, unless you count selling coffee and doughnuts on Town Meeting Day.
Burn, baby, burn!
BARRE Imagine a nice spring day (yes, theyll be here before we know it). Youve been picking up branches that fell during the winter, and youve got a nice big pile of them. Perhaps a bonfire would be fun.
If you live in Barre (the city, not the town) you need to get a burn permit from the Fire Department before you strike that match.
No worries local firefighters get called upon for burn permits all year around, but starting this year there are fees involved. A three-day burn permit (perfect for a weekends work around the house) will cost you $10, and an annual permit (just in case youre taking on some major projects) is $25.
Enough said? Not quite.
Before you head over to the Fire Department to pick up a permit, youll have to swing by City Hall to pay for it at the city clerks office. The office is open from 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on weekdays, and were told youll get a receipt that you can swap for a burn permit once you fill out the application form at the Fire Department.
So what happens if you find yourself on a Saturday morning with a yen for some yard work, but no burn permit in hand and no way to get one from City Hall?
Good question.
If thats your situation you can stop by the Fire Department and get a permit if youre prepared to pay the fee with a personal check or money order.
For more information about burn permits and the materials that are allowed to be burned in Barre, contact the Fire Department at 476-0254.
Dollars for scholars(hips)
BARRE Friends and family members of the late Ida May Fabyan have established a Young Artists Fund at Studio Place Arts to honor her life and love of the arts.
Were told Fabyan lived to be 101 and had at least one thing (though we suspect there were more) in common with her daughter, Pria Cambio.
What would that be?
A passion for arts education, which explains why Cambio and others who knew Fabyan decided to create the SPA scholarship fund in her memory.
The scholarships will be available for children interested in participating in a variety of art workshops at SPA, like the ones that are scheduled for the upcoming winter break. There will be a paper-making workshop, a mini-camp for clay sculpture and a cartooning workshop. For more details about the workshops, visit studioplacearts.com. If youd like to inquire about the scholarships call 479-7069.
BERLIN Lots of central Vermonters probably arent interested, but the ones who live in Berlin and want to know a little more about the proposed elementary school budget that will be on next months Town Meeting Day ballot can check out YouTube.
Seems the school board has produced a brief video presentation about its proposed budget. You can check it out at www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CA6T9-gKVI or request a DVD copy from the school. If after watching the 11½-minute video voters have unanswered questions about the budget, they are urged to contact any of the boards five members.MORE IN Central VermontMIDDLEBURY According to WebMD, Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes a persons muscles ... Full StoryTiffany Briggs and Kayla Jackson eyed each other across the table, clasped hands, and then it was... Full StoryMARLBORO Police are investigating a burglary on Higley Hill Road. Full Story
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Tag Archives: marware
The Top 12 iPhone Cases
Posted on September 30, 2010
As iPhones continue to increase in popularity, the wide range of choices for outfitting them with a protective case continues to grow and expand as well. But with so many options, styles and features available these days, how do you know if you're getting the right iPhone case to meet your individual needs? At Repair Labs we have compiled this list of 12 unique and useful case options with thoughtful insights for you to consider before you make a purchase.
Incipio 1337 Silicone Gaming Case
The Incipio 1337 iPhone case is the best option for the iPhone gamers out there. It is ergonomically designed for optimal gaming
control and functionality. The grip pads on the sides help keep your thumbs free for action and your hands from cramping.
In addition to it's enhanced gaming design, the camera opening on the case blocks glare from your iPhone's lens. This will help you take sharper photos and avoid washed out images.
Naztech Energy Holster
The Naztech Energy Holster iPhone case is perfect for those of us using battery-draining apps all day long. This case's rechargeable battery pack charges your iPhone on the go. Now you can play all the music, games, video and movies you want and never run out of battery life.
It comes equipped with a spring clip in the back, a ratcheting belt clip and a USB charging input for the 2400mA polymer battery. There is an LED battery indicator, so you will know at all times how much juice you have left. The case is lightweight with a soft rubber grip. Say goodbye to constantly conserving your battery life forever.
Belkin Cinema Case
The Belkin Cinema iPhone Case is both stylish and practical. While protecting your phone with its impact-resistant shell, its best feature is the kickstand on the back that lets you set your iPhone on any flat surface and view your photos, videos and more.
This flexible plastic case looks sleek and comes in multiple colors while protecting your phone completely. It includes a screen protection kit and the polycarbonate design covers the back and 4 corners of your phone without inhibiting functionality.
DLO Vent Mount
The DLO Vent Mount iPhone case is ideal for travel and for busy people who use their phone in a number of settings. Firstly, it allows you to attach your phone to your vehicle's air vent while you drive for easy accessibility. You can position your phone vertically or horizontally 360 degrees to view your GPS display, incoming calls or traffic information at a glance.
Once you arrive at your destination, it then converts into a belt clip while you're walking and lastly it becomes a desktop stand once you sit down again. This case is ideal because it allows you to display you're iPhone wherever the day takes you.
Marware Sidewinder Deluxe
One look at the Marware Sidewinder Deluxe iPhone case and you know why it's one of the most popular cases around. It features a sleek, slim holster for carrying ease at your side, a removable belt clip, a retractable sidearm where you can wind your headphone cord and a flexi-shell case that provides exterior protection and smooth access to all your phone's functions.
The shell snaps securely in and out of the holster, which allows you to combine the benefits of two cases in one. The sidearm slides back and forth from behind the case to allow you to keep your headphones attached and plugged into your phone while you carry it, making it the most complete carry-all solution.
Otterbox Water Resistant Case
The Otterbox Water-Resistant iPhone Case was designed to fit all kinds of PDAs and smartphones. While it is airtight crush-proof and water-resistant, the manufacturer notes that is not submersible and shouldn't be taken underwater. But if you live in an area where heavy rains can damage your phone, this case will have you covered.
It also requires that you use a Bluetooth headset to access the iPhone's features. It comes with a velcro hand strap and an exterior stylus holder. This case won't be for everyone. But for those who need its unique protection, it's the best defense against the elements.
Griffin Elan Passport Metal
The Griffin Elan Passport Metal iPhone case gives your phone a more sophisticated style than other skins and cases. Made of genuine leather, it flips open for easy access to all of your phone's features.
The lining is made of microsuede and protects your display from scratches, cracks and smudges. Its polished chrome accents complete its look while not over-complicating it. Simple and elegant, this case definitely has a more "grown-up" style.
Scosche soundKASE
If you like to walk, run or bike, the Scosche soundKASE for iPhone is for you. It features an adjustable armband that fits all sizes of arm and fits snugly while you move.
Another great feature is that it has a slot on the side to put your keys while you exercise, so you can finally stop having them rattle inside your pockets or dangle from your shoelaces. By far the best sport case for iPhone, it also features reflective accents so you can be seen at night. It seems like they thought of everything.
CaseMate Stealth
The CaseMate Stealth is not so much case for your iPhone as it is a casing. If you take public transportation or have encountered other situations where people are staring over your shoulder at your screen, you know how frustrating it can be. This case will eliminate your screen spies' view once and for all.
The backing is a matte black adhesive while the front is a darkened screen protector which provides only a 45-degree viewing angle. Now only you will be able to see your screen while it's in front of you. It only takes about a minute to apply, and you're ready to go. It also works great in combination with another, more-traditional protective case.
iLuv Fusion Hybrid Case with Stand
The iLuv Fusion Hybrid Case with Stand is only for the iPhone 4, but it provides some cool features and extra layers of protection that make it worth consideration. The first feature to notice is the kickstand on the back. If you like to play movies or video, this is a must-have feature. It let you lay your phone horizontally on any flat surface and view the screen at a perfect angle.
The second reason this case is a cut above is because of it's sturdy construction and layering. The shell is a dual layer of silicone and polycarbonate while the screen is covered by a protective film to keep the screen from being damaged. It also comes in a variety of colors, so for iPhone 4 owners this case packs value for the money.
Contour Design Flick
The Contour Design Flick iPhone case is uncomplicated to use, has a sleek style and provides powerful protection. The shell consists of two lightweight polycarbonate pieces joined near the bottom by a rubberized hinge. Simply open the hinge, slide the phone into place and "flick" the hinge closed to lock it shut.
When you need to charge your phone, clean it or upload songs, flick it open and slide the phone back out. See? Nothing to it. If you want a removable case that's easy to use, has a simple design and looks good, this is the one you want.
Incipio Orion Sleeve
The Incipio Orion Sleeve is another slender case for your iPhone that provides security, style and simplicity. Much like standard Blackberry cases, the Orion sleeve encases your phone completely while it's EasyReach system and rigid insert provide easy accessibility.
This design has won a lot of fans because it protects your phone from virtually anything. It comes in a variety of colors and materials, so you have many options for getting the perfect sleeve for your style and budget.
So there you have it. These 12 case options we've covered feature a wide range of choices and styles, so we hope you were able find one that meets your needs. Each case mentioned on the list is available for purchase on our Website and we at Repair Labs hope this list has served to help you in your search for the perfect iPhone case. Also remember that if you ever need repairs on your iPhone or iPad for any reason, our certified technicians will fix the damage and have your iPhone or iPad
back to you immediately like new the same or next day. Thanks again for reading!
To read more articles from Repair Labs, read our Hubspot blog here!
by Curtis Taylor, Tech Expert, Freelance Writer.
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Alright-RC Week 216
Your original file link
Super Rockin Mix Inakhe Bro
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Charming Room With Private Entrance
Size25 m²
Floor No.0
- Internet/WiFi
- Balcony/terrace
- Lockable room
- Towels
- Family/child friendly
- Parking available
- Baby cot
Accommodation summary
|Liberton Brae, EH16 6LB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
|Property type
|Private room
|Property ID
|Acceptance rate
|Response time
|A few hours
|Calendar updated
The room consists of a comfortable double bed and comes complete with an ensuite bathroom. There is direct access to the patio area from the room. Hot drinks facilities are included and there is a small dressing room.
The rooftops of Edinburgh and the stunning Arthur's Seat can be enjoyed from the front of the property and many amenities can be found in the streets surrounding the home. Convenience stores are located rights across the road, and a supermarket and post office are within a 10-minute walk away.
A bus stop offering frequent connections to Edinburgh city centre is located outside of the home. The famous Royal Mile can be reached in just 15 minutes via bus. Other city centre attractions such as Edinburgh Castle and the Princes Street Gardens are in the immediate vicinity of the Royal Mile.
House rules
Keep noise to a minimum.
Check-out is possible until 11am.
Small pets are allowed on a case-by-case basis.
|Weekly rate
|Monthly rate
|Check-in after
|Check-in before
|On arrangement
|Check-out before
|Cancellation Policy
Reviews of this property
Thank you very much for your hospitality! The accommodation was very clean and tidy.
Best I have ever seen on WIMDU!
Highly recommendable. Thanks Holly, you were very nice and kind.
Best place to stay for 1 - 2 people.
We had two very pleasant days in the room of Holly and Matthew and it was awesome. This room is so beautiful, cozy, clean - it is simply stunning. The bed is huge and soft, the bathroom is clean, bright and beautiful. Many hotels don't offer such an awesome overall-experience. We'd have loved to stay longer. Holly and Matthew are such great hosts - kind, professional and simply nice. There is nothing to complain about, well maybe one thing: that we couldn't stay longer. We explicitly recommend Holly and Matthew and their Room On The Brae. As we've not seen all of Edinburgh yet, we definetly will return. Thank you for all, thank you for two unbelievable beautiful days!
We very much enjoyed our stay. This is a lovely property that is in great condition and well equipped.
Great modern design and very practical for a city stay. We appreciated all of the smaller items that made our stay even more enjoyable such as the coffee maker, milk and cereals. We walked into town and also took the bus from outside which worked well. Pre and post booking communication was good.
We had a wonderful stay at Holly's and Matthew's home.
The little apartment is very charming, calm and clean with all you need.
The bus stops in front of the house.
We would recommend this accommodation for all who like a quiet room after all the sightseeing.
Many thanks
Joachim and Barbara
Holly and Matthew were wonderful hosts. The room is very nice and clean, with all the necessities. It's a short busride to the city centre, with the busstop conveniently located in front of the property. We would very much recommend this accomodation for anyone who wants to visit Edinburgh.
Angelica & Denise
We had a lovely time with Holly and Matthew and their 2 sweet children Bertie and the lovely just born Maggie. The room was perfect, Holly and Matthew where very kind, helpful and funny. We will definitely come back sometime in the future.
Thank you Holly and Matthew for taking so good care of us.
A very very lovely, flexible and helpfully host family !
Room is nice, lovefully equipped and fully fitted.
Location is very quiet and good connected by bus.
With very warm wishes :-)
Lisa and Andrea
Best stay - bus stop is infront of the house - only 20 min. to city centre Edinburgh. Clean, comfy and warm welcoming home. We enjoyed our stay so much!
Cosy and comfortable room, very clean and furnished with an eye for nice details. The hosts are friendly and helpful. While waiting for the bus (that stops in front of the house) one can enjoy the view of the city and Arthur's Seat. Thanks to Holly and Matthew. Should we travel to Edinburgh again, we will definitely stay at Room on the Brae.
- Quality assured accommodation
- Every host is verified by telephone
- Secure payment via SSL encryption


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Weston Summer Stroll set for Aug. 23
The producers of the upcoming Weston Summer Stroll on Aug. 23 have named the four downtown Weston eateries that will be hosting major jazz artists for an evening of dining and live music, all with no cover charge.
Topping the list of venues is Thyme Bistro, where Morgantown jazz stalwarts, The Jenny Wilson Trio, will perform with internationally acclaimed vibraphonist and drummer, Chuck Redd, from Washington, D.C.
In the Pink Moon Coffeehouse, Marshall Keyes, a Baltimore saxophonist, will join Seth Maynard's Osmosis, an Elkins-based quintet that made a big impression during their first performance in Weston last January.
Second and Center Cafe will host the Steve Himes Connection, a guitar trio from Charleston, who will appear with a guest vocalist, Danielle Conard, in performing jazz standards like "Fly Me To The Moon" and "Beautiful Tonight."
Trumpeter and Lewis County educator, Adam Loudin, has organized a special quartet for the shows in Kathy's Riverside Restaurant, featuring Steve Rudolph, one of the most highly regarded swing pianists in the eastern United States. An exceptional rhythm section will be supporting Loudin and Rudolph in drummer, Tom Wendt, and bassist, Paul Thompson. The latter are from the James Moore Sextet.
The schedule of the Stroll dictates 50-minute long sets of music performed at 6:30 p.m., 7:45 p.m. and 9 p.m., with each featured ensemble appearing simultaneously in the individual restaurants. This allows approximately 25 minutes between shows so audience members can move between venues if that is their desire.
Also included among the announced musical events is Dick Harrison's Big Band Dance Party from 5 to 9 p.m. in the Weston Town Market on Second Street between Main Avenue and Post Office alley.
According to the WVJS, the Lewis County Commission has provided a grant to help bring the jazz music to young people and seniors who might not be able to participate in the Stroll.
On Aug. 23, Stonewall Jackson Memorial Hospital will host a special all-ages health fair at the Lewis County Senior Center from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. On Aug. 24, there will be a special educational event just for students and their parents – the Too Cool For School Show in the Pink Moon Coffeehouse from noon to 1:30 p.m.
The Market will offer space to local vendors so people strolling between venues will have a chance to shop as they move around the three-block area where the jazz venues are located. Downtown merchants are being encouraged to be open for the evening.
This program is presented with financial assistance through a grant from the West Virginia Division of Culture and History, with approval from the West Virginia Commission on the Arts.
The Lewis County Chamber of Commerce is working with the Mountain Lakes CVB to enhance the Weston Town Market with quality vendors and attractions.
For more information on the West Virginia Jazz Society and the Weston Summer Stroll, call 304-269-3683 or send email to: firstname.lastname@example.com. To participate in the Weston Town Market, phone Mayor Julia Spelsberg at 304-269-8167.
Additional information and contact personnel are being developed. Volunteers should email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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~ The cries of children, just 5 and 6 years old, burned alive in the arms of their mothers at Miako, Japan; as reported by an English sea captain (Calendar of State Papers: Colonial East Indies, 1617-1621, p. 357).


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Resources & Links for Frequently Requested Services
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BCH has a new Childbirth and Parenting Class Registration System. We hope you find it easy to use and book your classes.
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If you have any questions, please call 303-415-7834, Tuesday through Friday, 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. This phone is checked frequently so please leave a message.
Boulder Community Health also offers a wide range of health and wellness classes, lectures, special events, support groups, and workshops. Everyone in our community is invited and encouraged to participate. Use the links on the right to see them.
After clicking to Book, these are the Childbirth & Parenting Classes available. They will be in alphabetical order:
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text: Nanotechnology coming to a brain near YOU? Omen502 posted:8/31/2011 6:11:19 PM I have been doing research on nanotechnology and brain function. Is this technology a wave of the future to help us or hinder us, possibly already in use? Well, I think everyone here can see what the elites want of us. Where did this technology stem from? Maybe the black knight satellite? Alien technology? Ancient human technology built and stored and rebuilt to achieve superhuman status through apocalyptic catastrophy? Maybe even a new way to eventually live and survive in future space or non-life sustaining environments? I wonder are we being transformed to the transhuman status? Well, if this is true, only the "chosen" may know.http://www.physorg.com/news4321.htmlJOSMAN087 posted:9/1/2011 5:50:34 AM spydersspiritech0 posted:9/1/2011 12:05:23 PM H.R. Gigermonica1968 posted:9/1/2011 2:34:22 PM Check out my sprarkles thread it has bearing on this issue.......nano-cams...... Please log in or become a member to add a post.


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Main Content
The Saints are playing an away game and you've got the house to yourself. You know what that means! It's time to get comfy on the couch with some yummy treats and the Saints. These Tailgate pants will be the perfect companion for your couch party. They have team graphics, vents for airflow and multiple gadgets and compartments. While you're chilling and watching the game, these pants will offer up a ton of New Orleans spirit so you can sit back and relax!
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Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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from the Illinois Board of Higher Education
Contact: Ross Hodel, 217/782-2551
Don Sevener, 217/782-3632
February 18, 1999
IBHE Officials React to Governor Ryan's Budget
SPRINGFIELD - Jerry D. Blakemore, Chairman of the Illinois Board of Higher Education, and Keith R. Sanders, Executive Director, issued the following statement concerning the FY2000 budget presented today by Governor George Ryan:
"Governor Ryan's budget will enable us to make significant strides in implementing the Illinois Commitment, the policy agenda recently adopted by the Board to guide higher education into a new century," Jerry D. Blakemore, Chairman of the Illinois Board of Higher Education, said today. "It contains substantial new dollars for student financial aid and will therefore help keep college affordable. It also expands the reach of technology as a learning tool in the classroom and promises increased access to college for citizens everywhere. And it helps our colleges and universities make even stronger contributions to the economic growth of the state, particularly in high-demand fields such as information technology."
"In addition," Blakemore said, "the Governor's budget will allow us to pursue important new initiatives and partnerships, including the University Center of Lake County, the first-of-its-kind educational institution in Illinois, and an alliance with elementary and secondary education for the essential work of preparing college-ready kids and classroom-ready teachers."
"Governor Ryan's budget advances the cause of higher education as we move into a new century - a century in which higher education will be more important than ever before," Keith Sanders, Executive Director of the IBHE, said. "We thank the Governor for making education the top priority of his Administration."
"Colleges and universities will make prudent use of tax dollars and tuition dollars by emphasizing those programs and activities of greatest priority to the people of Illinois, and pledging to achieve additional gains in productivity, accountability, and quality," Sanders said. "We in higher education commit to working with Governor Ryan and members of the General Assembly to enact these budget recommendations."
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6-CR110, SE is an excellent amino-reactive CR110-based labeling reagent (single isomer) that gives more reproducible results than the mixed isomers (81134). The 6-isomer is the preferred choice for labeling nucleotides.


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What, No Tickets?
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March 29, 1944: The Portales Daily News: A group of selectees left this morning for Santa Fe to be inducted into the Navy. Included were Wayne Stratton, Royal Paul Hawkins, Thomas Jefferson Moore, J.C. Shaffer, Winfred Henry Gibbs and Elbert Ray Sanders.
Portales past: March 29, 1944
February 27, 2011


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The ultimate magnetic pendulum chronograph accurate to 1/100th of a second
Like all MIKRO creations, it is a dual chain platform with a balance-wheel system for the watch and a hairspring-less pendulum system for the chronograph. There are 371 components in the dual-chain structure, each designed, crafted and assembled by TAG Heuer's Haute Horlogerie team of master watchmakers and engineers.
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Borla 140308 S-Type Cat-Back Exhaust System
Buy this Borla S-Type Cat-Back Exhaust System 140308 3 in. Into Dual 2.5 in. Out - Incl. Connecting Pipes/Muffler/Hwd/4 in. Round x 12 in. Long Rolled Angle-Cut Tip - SingleSplitRearExitUnderBumper at Mudflaps.com with the lowest prices online for all Borla aftermarket parts & accessories.
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Borla S-Type Cat-Back Exhaust System P/N 140308 Features:
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Shipping Information
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- 53.0 lbs.
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Support the mergerMarch 01,2013
Support the merger
This Town Meeting Day, I urge all Northfield citizens to support the proposed merger of the town and village of Northfield. I have heard concerns expressed and have seen those concerns addressed in the proposed merger document. Despite this, I have seen published items presenting as facts things that are just not true. For instance, one writer recently stated that utility commissioners would be appointed by the Select Board. Actually, of the three members of each utility commission overseeing the electric or water and sewer departments, under the merger document two would be elected by utility customers. One would be a member of the Select Board.
I urge Northfield residents to read the merger document for themselves, to know what it actually says. Copies are available at the municipal building and the Brown Public Library, as well as in the town report.
We share the streets, parks and stores, the library and the schools. Many residents of both village and town are not even aware of where the boundaries of the village lie, since the community has grown so. We share a need for a coherent and forward-looking approach to governance. Our recent and painful experiences of repeated conflicts between town and village governing boards certainly argue in favor of developing one government, which would not keep stumbling over the outdated structures that no longer serve us well.
Northfield has great potential for vibrant growth reducing barriers to that growth must be our shared goal. I believe that a merger will benefit the whole community, and I look forward to being a resident of one unified Northfield.
Carolyn G. Stevens
NorthfieldMORE IN LettersA couple of thoughts in regard to the recent national and state elections and final response ... Full StoryI am an elite. I have college degrees and an above-average salary. Full StoryBurr Morses supposedly humorous commentary on health care reform, which is implying that reform... Full Story
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