text:
Whatever happened to the talkative God of the Bible?" asks Barbara Brown Taylor. Or as Lily Tomlin put it, "Why is it that when we talk to God we are said to be praying, and when God talks to us we're said to be schizophrenic"?
The Century's work relies primarily on subscriptions and donations. Thank you for supporting nonprofit journalism.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Simplify Small Cell Service Activation and Management
Cisco Broadband Access Center for Telco and Wireless provides a centralized and automated platform for service providers to control, monitor, troubleshoot, and configure residential and enterprise smalls cells on a mass scale.
It delivers secure provisioning and management by using the TR-069 and TR-196 specifications as defined by the Broadband Forum.
The solution provides fast, secure, and scalable provisioning of services on small cell devices. Its functions encompass registration, location verification, activation, status reporting, firmware upgrade, configuration update, and remote troubleshooting.
It is designed for:
- Reliability: The solution offers high reliability and high availability. During central server outages or communication problems, it provides continued service to existing registered subscribers.
- Scalability and performance: The application scales to support networks with millions of devices in distributed deployments, with a sustained rate of hundreds of thousands of device interactions per day.
- Integration with current systems: The solution integrates with existing service provider systems, such as billing systems, operations support systems (OSSs), and other customer management systems and can notify applications of certain events within the system through an event-notification registration procedure
Cable service providers, get the latest release of this product for cable networks, now called Cisco Prime Cable Provisioning.
Additional Resources
Data Sheets and Literature


text: Have you heard of the Moby Wrap? Go to www.mobywrap.com I love love love mine. And it holds them nice and snug while breastfeeding hands free I might add if you want to. I'd practice first just carrying him the Moby to get him used to it. Then Try breastfeeding in it.


text:
Like Andre Dawson, I'm Cooperstown Bound
I mentioned in my previous entry about a special spring break trip. For about two month now my buddy Andrew and me have been planning a trip to baseball's most hallowed grounds. The National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.
This will be my second trip to the Hall. My first came in 1997. My dad, aunt, both my grandfathers and myself made the trek up during the last week of August of that year for the annual induction ceremonies.
Phile Niekro, the famous knuckleballer is a very distant relative of my extended family. It was a neat experience although I never formally met Phil. My house is filled with autogrphed memorobilla Mr. Niekro was nice enough to sign for us.
Now mind you I was just eight years old in '97. I do not remember a thing about the weekend, the Hall or Cooperstown. Let me just say that I am pumped beyond belief for this special baseball moment. There is not one person I'd rather share it with than my buddy Andrew either. He and I appreciate baseball more than anyone I know. The history, the passion and the overall fun of the game is what we both live by.
I anticpate having the time of my life through the hallowed halls. I have been researching the exhibits and cannot wait to get started. I will be like a kid in a candy store.
I have also heard the city of Cooperstown is a baseball lovers paradise. The quaint little town offers themed restaraunts and shops. I'm stocking up on cash to bring along because I am a free spender when it comes to baseball related items.
FINAL FOUR UPDATE: In my last entry you got a peek of my elation after West Virginia played their way into the Final Four. If only you would have seen me a few hours later. I recieved an e-mail regarding student tickets available at a first come-first serve basis. I am the lucky owner of one of the available 600 tickets given to WVU students. At a miniscule price of just $25 dollars we are able to catch WVU's game as well as the other game on Saturday. Also, the championship game Monday. It has potential to be a fantastic weekend, which I already have a gut feeling that it will be. My and five of my Mountaineer friends are eagerly searching for hotel rooms and other travel plans for Saturday. It is hectic, but so much fun at the same time.
photo credits: wktv.com, ajc.com, espn.com
11 Comments
Hey! You would be one of the first people i offer. Wed I have acting class until 9, and by the time i leave there run across the city the game would pretty much be over so most wed I won't be able to make. I'll let you know though!
Awesome that you are somehow related to Niekro … formerly Blue Jay! First player to wear a Jays uniform in the Hall of Fame. I did a photoshop design on Niekro.
I could spend all day in Cooperstown holding up the line, glued to a certain exhibit. Amazing place! So much to take in. I have to go back.
WOW Matt!!! I am so excited for you!
You get to go to Cooperstown, you get to watch your WVU team in the Final Four AND you get a student ticket! That is just AWESOME! CONGRATULATIONS!!
This is your year!
That is something I want to do in the future. It sounds like a ton of fun. Enjoy it!
Have fun in Cooperstown! I am excited to visit there too. I will do so five years after Mr. George Kenneth Griffey, Jr. retires.
Your planets seem to be aligned! Ride the wave dude.
Last time I went to HOF? 1990. I need to go back soon!
Mike. Good luck with WVU!!
I have yet to make it to Cooperstown….someday. I know my husband wants to go too…his great uncle was Red Ruffing, a former Yankees pitcher, also a Hall of Famer. Seems like we all have one of those famous relatives in the family tree somewhere :O)
Wow, that's awesome! Not a fan of college sports but I can imagine how happy you are to get a ticket. Have fun at the game and in Cooperstown.
I'm happy for you and your team! Have fun at the game AND Cooperstown! I have yet to go to the Hall of Fame but it's definitely on my list😉


text:
Alexis Mabille Fall 2009 Haute Couture
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07/06/09 Photos by Photo by Nathalie Lagneau/Catwalking/Getty Images.
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text:
I think Crazy 8's started this thread just to irk JimKC.
when it comes to JLin, seems lotsa folks gots sands in tha vageen.
Jim. I'm no Lin fan. Nor am I in any way disappointed that he is no longer a Knick, but I think you're reading too much into any post relating to Lin. The Lin saga has obviously affected a significant part of the Knicks fan base and it's only natural that questions will be asked. This isn't a bad thing. It's summer, looks like our squad is more or less complete, and there's almost 3 months until we play our first game. Personally I'm done with Lin. Never thought he was (or will ever be) all that anyways. This doesn't mean I will not respect the fact that some people hold a different opinion to me, and that others-while not too disappointed he has gone- are trying to make some sense out of this. Point is you seem to be accusing anyone that posts something Lin related (which may not be of interest to you) of somehow attempting to divide the KO community, or having some other agenda. This isn't some sort of Lin backed conspiracy. It's a natural cycle of events that will occur in any social environment, where foundations have been shook. Let's not get all Gestapo on everyone.
That said, I don't think Melo helps his own cause with the things he says sometimes to the media. Much like A-Rod he tends to put his foot in his mouth on a regular basis even when he's just being honest & telling it like it is. He needs to be more sensitive to the fact that feeding the haters with potentially controversial comments is never going to be a positive.
But to the haters don't they realize that this is a team game and we have assembled the most complete roster Melo has ever played with so far in his career. It's also funny with all the heat he gets I still see guys like Chandler and Kidd even maybe Camby being the real leaders but since Melo gets payed the big bucks he gets the Kunta Kinte treatment.
This is season 1 to me for this Melo era. If we dont make major strides now then I think you can justify his crucifixion(or Woodson's).
I haven't voted, though I would vote for Lin, assuming two metrics are established alongside the poll:
*Salaries count
*Winning a championship in the next 5 years is the goal
The funny part is, KO.COM really is the basketball bizarro world for real. I was talking to an old school Laker fan last night, telling about what goes on here and getting his opinion on things and he was amused. Literally the guy was starting and finishing my sentences. I tell him and show the posts about how MELO is crap and Lin is a GOD and he thought it was riduculous to get your panties in a bunch over a guy that can't even last through a shortened NBA season. That's why I don't take you basketball no-nothings to seriously on this board because because 95% of the opinions posted here are laughable by any true basketball fan. The old school Laker cat was literally like "What game are these guys watching????" To which I replied " I know I say the same thing all the time...."
119-87 Dreamteam


text:
"I started listening to Catholic Answers Live when I was struck down by an illness that basically left me bedridden. This left me questioning my faith and mortality, and my son introduced the Catholic Answers Live podcast to me. Listening to all the guests explain and defend the Catholic Faith has been instrumental. Has Catholic Answers made a difference in my life? It has become part of my life!"
Subscribe to Catholic Answers Magazine
"Enough, gentlemen, my last word is this: the guillotine seems set up for good. Take me there. An oath against my conscience you will never get from me."


text:
Christmas trees shipped from Oregon and Washington state brought an unwanted present this holiday season.
Shipments of Christmas trees to stores statewide have stopped after the Department of Agriculture found slugs and other pests inside the shipping containers. Each container holds about 300 trees, and now almost all of them need to be treated.
"We've been finding (them) more often now, especially now because it's been raining, so the slugs have been more commonly in the shipments for this year," said Glenn Sakamoto with the Department of Agriculture.
The non-native pests can have a devastating impact on the crops here and the agriculture department said the slugs could also carry parasites that can cause severe illness if touched.
"We want to make sure everybody gets a Christmas tree this year, however, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture is concerned about the pests that affects Hawaii's agriculture environment, and the safety of the general public," said Sakamoto.
So far trees in 74 of these containers were either treated with hot water for 5 hours or shaken.
Others, though, were simply sent back to the shipper. Stores like City Mill are worried since more than half of their trees haven't yet arrived. One City Mill store ran out of trees on Friday during the Black Friday rush.
"When 7:00 a.m. came, (we) opened up, everyone gave their numbers and all the trees were gone," said Biran Uyeno with City Mill.
Trees are on the store's wish list, but when they will get the shipments is still up in the air.
"It's not only for Oahu, but it's also statewide; stores that have been affected by the pests that we are finding recently," said Sakamoto.
Once treated the trees are wrapped up and sent to retail stores. The department said workers are making an effort the next two days to get enough trees out for the holiday sales.
If you do find a slug or other pests on your Christmas tree you should call the state's pest hotline number at 643-PEST.


text:
General public interested in becoming a volunteer or anyone wanting to learn more about the American Red Cross from the counties served by the chapter (Aransas, Bee, Brooks, Duval, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Kenedy, Kleberg, Live Oak, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio and McMullen counties) is invited to attend the orientation on Monday, Aug. 12, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the American Red Cross Coastal Bend-Texas Chapter, 1721 S. Brownlee Blvd., in Corpus Christi.
Participants will learn about the history of the American Red Cross, vital services provided to the communities, the many volunteer opportunities available and a general overview of the Red Cross' role during disasters.
The Red Cross works with new volunteers to find roles that best suit each person's skills, interests and schedule. Some of the many opportunities available include: assisting victims of disaster; supporting local military members, their families and veterans; teaching lifesaving skills and disaster training courses; educating the community about disaster and emergency preparedness; clerical duties; communications; and assisting with special events and fundraisers.


text:
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Technical Resources
Natural Resources Assessment
National Resources Inventory
/ Percent of Prime Farmland Used as Cropland, 1992
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Technical Resources
This shaded polygon map shows the percentage of prime farmland that is used as cropland within each 8-digit hydrologic unit. Areas with 95% or more Federal area are shown as gray. There were 216 million acres of prime farmland used as cropland or 64.4 % of all prime farmland.
Cautions for this Product:
This maps does not show the amount of prime farmland. Compare with maps 4984 and 4983 to see amounts of prime farmland. This map may not be used to determine site-specific information. Data are not collected on Federal land. Data are not available for Alaska or the Pacific Basin. Data for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands is shown by 6-digit hydrologic unit.
Source: National Resources Inventory, 1997
Distributor: USDA-NRCS-RIAD
NRI sample data are generally reliable at the 95% confidence interval for state and certain broad substate area analyses. Generally, analyses that aggregate data points by smaller geographic areas and/or more specific criteria result in fewer data points for each aggregation and therefore less reliable estimates. NRI maps reflect national patterns rather than site- specific information.
Aggregate Layer: Cross of State with 8 Digit Hydrologic Units and Federal Land
Other Layers Displayed: States, Rivers
A Land cover/use category that includes areas used for the production of adapted crops for harvest. Two subcategories of cropland are recognized: cultivated and noncultivated. Cultivated cropland comprises land in row crops or close-grown crops and also other cultivated cropland, for example, hayland or pastureland that is in a rotation with row or close-grown crops. Noncultivated cropland includes permanent hayland and horticultural cropland. [NRI-97]
Cultivated Cropland:
Includes land identified as being in row or close crops, summer fallow, aquaculture in crop rotation or other cropland not planted -- including cropland in short-term set-aside programs; or land in horticulture that is double cropped; or land in hay which had at least one of the three previous years in row or close grown crops; or land in pasture which had at least one of the three previous years in row or close grown crops.
Federal land:
A land ownership class designating land that is owned by the Federal Government. It does not include, for example, trust lands administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs nor Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) land. No data are collected for any year that land is in this ownership. [NRI-97]
Non-cultivated cropland:
Includes land in horticulture that is not double- cropped; or land in hay which had not been in row or close-grown crops for any of the previous three years.
Prime farmland:
Land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is also available for these uses. It has the soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply needed to produce economically sustained high yields of crops when treated and managed according to acceptable farming methods, including water management. In general, prime farmlands have an adequate and dependable water supply from precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no rocks. They are permeable to water and air. Prime farmlands are not excessively erodible or saturated with water for a long period of time, and they either do not flood frequently or are protected from flooding.[SSM, USDA Handbook No. 18, October 1993]
Product ID: 6027
Production Date: 1/25/01
Product Type: Map
For additional information contact the Resources Inventory and Assessment Division. Please include the Product ID you are inquiring about. firstname.lastname@example.com or 1400 Independence Avenue SW - P.O. Box 2890 - Washington D.C. 20013. If you use our analysis products, please be aware of our disclaimer.
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text:
Angel Park Golf Clubâ Mountain Course
Las Vegas, Nevada
June 21-24, 2004
Joh pulls ahead of Chin and wins Girls Division title
LAS VEGASâ After holding the lead for two days at the Las Vegas Founders Junior Golf Championship, Daniel Lim stayed on top with a winning 10-under-par 203 tournament total. In the Girls Division, Tiffany Joh shot a 2-under-par 69 for the day and finished with a 3-under-par 210.
Conducted by the American Junior Golf Association, the Las Vegas Founders Junior Golf Championship featured 85 players from 11 states, including 11 Nevada natives. The event, which was played for the 15th time, is a 54-hole, stroke play tournament that was held at Angel Park Golf Club-Mountain Course and began on Tuesday.
Lim, 17, of Gilroy, Calif., said he set a goal of shooting 14-under for the tournament and was a little disappointed that he didnât finish as strong as he had hoped.
âI didnât finish as well as I could have,â he said. âBut a winâs still a win.â
Lim double bogeyed No. 17 and was only able to card three birdies instead of the six he made on Wednesday.
âMy putting was different today,â he said. âI didnât make as many five- to 10-footers as I have before, but I was still able to stay low.â
This is Limâs second AJGA win. Lim also won the 2003 I.R.I. Golf Group Arizona National Junior and was a 2003 honorable mention Rolex Junior All-American.
Tied for second at 7-under-par 206 are Rory Hie of Lakewood, Calif., and Kenny Kim of Cerritos, Calif. Finishing in a tie for fourth place with tournament totals of 6-under-par 207 are Jordan Cox of Redwood City, Calif., and Colin Wilcox of Camarillo, Calif.
After trailing Chin by one stroke on Wednesday, Joh, 17, of San Diego, pushed ahead and carded two birdies for a final round score of 2-under par 69.
âI had consistent play when I made par on the first nine holes,â she said. âI couldnât make a three-foot birdie putt, but I was saving par.â
Last year, Joh placed second at the Las Vegas Founders Junior Golf Championship. This year she said she was glad to finally win.
âIâve had a bunch of second place wins, so I feel like a big weight has been lifted,â she said.
Chin of Huntington Beach, Calif., placed second with a tournament total of 206. Tied for third place with tournament totals of 216 are Brooke Schneider of Cave Creek, Ariz., and Kendra Little of Eugene, Ore. In fifth place with a tournament total of 227 is Katy Barrett of Las Vegas, Nev.
The American Junior Golf Association is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to the overall growth and development of young men and women who aspire to earn college golf scholarships through competitive junior golf. The largest association of its kind, the AJGA has a junior membership (boys and girls ages 12-18) of approximately 5,000 junior golfers from 50 states and 30 foreign countries.
Titleist, the AJGAâs National Sponsor, has been the catalyst and driving force behind the Associationâs success since 1989. Rolex Watch U.S.A., a supporter of the AJGA since 1983, became an AJGA Premier Partner in 2004.
AJGA alumni have risen to the top of amateur, collegiate and professional golf. More than 160 former AJGA juniors currently play on the PGA and LPGA Tours and have compiled more than 300 wins. AJGA alumni include Phil Mickelson, Tiger Woods, Davis Love III, Mike Weir, Charles Howell III, Jim Furyk, Vicki Goetze-Ackerman, Grace Park, Cristie Kerr and Beth Bauer.
For more information on the AJGA Las Vegas Founders Junior Golf Championship, contact Tournament Headquarters at (702) 967-3215.
The Foundation
The Achieving Competitive Excellence (ACE) Grant program provides financial assistance to junior golfers who wish to play in AJGA events. Its goal is to give top-flight golf opportunities to young golfers regardless of financial resources. This program helps to fulfill the AJGA's mission of developing young men and women who aspire to earn college golf scholarships through competitive junior golf.
What is Leadership Links?
Leadership Links is a new program whereby the AJGA is able to further its mission to help develop young men and women by teaching charitable giving skills and service-oriented practices at an early age. This program gives juniors all the tools necessary to donate their time, talent and resources to local charities and the AJGA youth development programs. Please click here to learn more about the program and the different opportunities available.


text:
Improve Business Continuance
Cisco MDS 9200 Series Multiservice Switches improve business continuance by delivering state-of-the-art multiprotocol and distributed multiservice convergence. They offer high-performance SAN extension and disaster-recovery solutions, intelligent fabric services, and cost-effective multiprotocol connectivity for both open systems and mainframe environments.
Features and Capabilities
Cisco MDS 9250i Multiservice Fabric Switch
Cisco MDS 9250i Switches provide integrated multiprotocol support for high-performance Fiber Channel (FC), Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), and Fiber Channel over IP (FCIP) in a compact form factor.
Cisco MDS 9222i Multiservice Modular Switch
Cisco MDS 9222i Switches deliver cost-effective multiprotocol connectivity for Fibre Channel and FCIP in a semi-modular form factor.
Introducing New MDS Solutions
Learn how Cisco MDS solutions will support your SAN into the next decade.Read Blog
Buy Now and Pay Later
Get the technology you need today, with no payments and no interest for three months.Learn More
Additional Resources
Learn about the similarities and differences of the models within this product series.
Data Sheets and Literature
Interfaces and Modules


text:
Snake-Print Jacket
Style: 570057319
Out of Stock
A classic silhouette reinvented with a wild python print in neutral, wear-with-everything tones. 97% Cotton, 3% Spandex. Dry clean. Imported.
- Classic fit contoured with princess seams.
- Single-button closure. Angled flap pockets. Long sleeves with lightly padded shoulders and functional buttons. Self-piping throughout. Signature silvertone coat chain.
- Fully lined.
- Hits at mid-hip on most body types.
Read more… Read less…


text:
Everyone knows what a mock is, just from the name, but as with many seemingly simple ideas, there is more to them than first meets the eye. This article explores the two types of mocks that exist and covers some of the problems inherent in their use. Finally, it considers the reason why a developer might chose to use mocks. After all, common understanding holds that mocks are used for unit testing, a key part of Test Driven Design, but that isn't necessarily about testing at all.
One of the benefits to arise from the ascendancy of Extreme Programming (XP) is a greater emphasis on unit testing. Axiomatic to the success of unit tests is the fact that they are meant to be very fine-grained, ideally dealing with each method on a single object in turn. This is fine in theory, but how is a developer meant to isolate each method from its surrounding environment?
The common solution to this problem is to make use of Mock Objects, or "mocks" as they are often called. Mocks are stub-like objects that implement no logic of their own and are used to replace the parts of the system with which the unit under test interacts. Their behavior is controlled entirely by the unit test itself, and so they provide a simple mechanism for not only testing that code works when everything is "as expected," but also when unusual errors occur. For example, simulating a network failure can be automated properly using mock objects and will no longer require a swift tug on the network cable!
In the wild, mock objects may appear to roam in many different flavors, gently grazing upon the verdant expanse of developer mindshare,
but all of these flavors can be broken down into two broad camps: static and dynamic mocks. A static
mock object is either written by hand or generated automatically at some
stage in a program's development (possibly at compile time), while dynamic
mocks either rely on a proxy interface, provided by
java.lang.reflect.Proxy or byte code manipulation, or alternatively, some sort of
Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) magic.
To help illustrate the types of mock objects out there, imagine that you are developing an authorization framework that relies on a user manager component (ignoring existing projects, because reinventing the wheel is always fun). One method in the authorization framework might return a Boolean to indicate whether a user with a given user name and password can log in. It might look a little like this:
public boolean canUserLogIn( String username,
String password ) {
UserManager um = UserManagerFactory.getInstance();
User user = um.getUser( username );
if (user != null) {
if (user.validatePassword( password ))
return true;
return false;
Since this has clearly not been developed "test first," the question is: how does one write unit tests that properly exercise this method, using mock objects?
As it stands, the method is going to be extremely difficult to test using static mocks, because there's no easy way of ensuring that they get used without having extremely verbose unit tests. The patterns and practices that are adopted to make unit testing simpler, such as Inversion of Control (IoC) (popularized in the Avalon project) and refactoring can be used here in order to create some code better-suited to unit testing. The method could be refactored by placing the call to obtain an instance of the
UserManager within a separate method which can be overridden in an inner class in the test (a technique documented in this
article). However, shorter tests can be created by implementing the IoC pattern and obeying the Law of Demeter. This results in code that looks like this:
public void setUserManager( UserManager um ) {
this.um = um;
public boolean canUserLogIn( String username,
String password ) {
User user = um.getUser( username );
return canUserLogIn( user, password );
public boolean canUserLogIn( User user,
String password ) {
if (user == null)
return false;
return user.validatePassword( password );
The focus of our testing now becomes the
canUserLogin( User,
String ) method, for which a
MockUser class will probably be useful.
In simple cases, writing this class by hand can be a good idea, with a couple
of extra methods tacked on to the class to allow its behavior to be
controlled by the unit test itself:
public class MockUser implements User {
// Setup what to return when validatePassword is called
public void setValidatePasswordResult( boolean result ) {
this.returnResult = result;
// Mock implementation of validatePassword
public boolean validatePassword( String password ) {
return returnResult;
public boolean verify() {
return expectedCalls == actualCalls;
When writing mocks by hand, a
verify method written like this would probably not be added, but an analogue to it is frequently created automatically in static mocks that have been generated by a tool.
Writing mocks by hand can be tedious. In order to make it easy for other people to make use of the mock class, a naming convention should be followed. When the interface or class being mocked has numerous methods, this can become repetitive and dull, and therefore prone to careless errors, especially if the programmer is not infallible. XP lore suggests only writing unit tests for things that can possibly go wrong, so if you happen to have an infallible developer hanging around, ask her to write the actual application!
All of this cries out for a code-generation tool, and the world is awash with them. MockMaker and MockDoclet are two popular examples; both of these rely on a doclet tag being placed in the Javadocs for the class to be mocked, and then running a pre-processor to generate the mocks. In addition, MockMaker can integrate with a number of popular Java IDEs, which makes things even simpler and helps to avoid the problem of an overly helpful IDE offering to create "missing" classes.
Code generation automatically causes mocks to use certain naming conventions. If the code generation is built into the build process, the mocks automatically mirror any changes in the interface they represent, again removing a source of error and confusion.
Using a static mock approach and the hand-coded
MockUser listed above, a sample unit test could be:
public void testCanUserLogin() {
MockUser user = new MockUser();
user.setValidatePasswordResult( true );
boolean result = um.canUserLogin( user,
"foobar" );
assertTrue("Expected to validate using " +
"password \"foobar\"",
result );
assertTrue("Mock User not used as expected",
So what's the catch? It's something that many of the mock frameworks share: poor implementations or an incorrect understanding of how to use a mock object package can lead to brittle unit tests. This is because it's common to set "expectations" on the mock, indicating, for example, that there should be a call to
validatePassword and that this should have the parameter
foobar. Often, the mocks are
generated so that this implicitly suggests that there should be at most one call to this method. As a result, should there be another call to the
validatePassword method, it may cause the test to break. In essence, the unit test stops treating the method as a black box and starts to attempt to mirror the call sequence within the method. Overall, the unit tests become poorer, since the developer has now stopped testing the contract the method makes with the rest of the code. As a contrived example, the test would fail if the method being tested had been changed like so:
public boolean canUserLogIn( User user,
String password ) {
if (user == null)
return false;
// Note the extra call to validatePassword
if (!user.validatePassword( password ))
log.info( user.getUsername() + " tried to " +
"login without a valid password" );
return user.validatePassword( password );
There's another catch, too. The mock objects must be completely accurate
in what they return. This is fine when the mocks are modelling objects
within your own code, but not when they are used to model something from
another package. For example, if a mock assumes that
javax.sql.DataSource.getConnection() returns
if the database connection fails, when it actually throws an
SQLException, then although the unit tests may pass, the method
being tested relies on incorrect assumptions and may therefore fail in
unexpected ways.
Another problem is to decide where to draw the line between when to write the mocks by hand and when to start generating them. Do you "go automatic" from the start? When the class being mocked has a rapidly changing API? When an object has more than n methods on it? Perhaps when there's a "y" in the month name? Or maybe something equally arbitrary? If the mocks are hand-written, then care must be taken to ensure that they are so simple that they don't need to have their own unit tests. Yet if the mocks are generated, steps must be taken to ensure that the unit tests do not become too brittle. It's a balancing act that can be tough to keep up.
A final disadvantage is that generating the mocks at build time using some sort of doclet-driven approach can slow the build considerably, especially when the source contains numerous classes. While this may not appear to be a problem to start with, a slow build provides enormous discouragement for running the unit tests often, something that is an anathema to the test infected.
Assuming you're pretty comfortable with the idea of static mocks, let's consider some of the pros and cons of using them.
Type safety. Java is a strongly typed language, and mock objects should take advantage of polymorphism where possible to exploit this.
Simplicity. All Java developers should be comfortable writing a simple mock object by hand, and while the initial setup for a code generator might be troublesome, most of them integrate nicely with ant. So once it's up and running, it should just "tick along" without any intervention.
Generated mocks might confuse some IDEs, which promptly flag a number of unnecessary warnings for missing classes.
Writing mocks by hand quickly loses its appeal and can be error-prone.
Generating mocks automatically can lead to brittle test cases and slow builds.
It can be hard to tell when to use hand-crafted mocks, or when to generate them automatically.
As mentioned at the beginning of the article, dynamic mocks come in two general types: those that operate through some kind of proxy, and those that use AOP to intercept calls to the actual objects that shall be used in the deployed code. The former are far more prevalent, since they are simply an extension of the ideas that have already been explored with static mocks.
Although there may be dozens of packages that provide support for dynamic mocks, two that are widely used
are Dynamocks (now part of the "jMock" package) and Easy Mock, and both of these rely on the
java.lang.reflect.Proxy interface. Because of
this, they can only be used to mock up interfaces, but this is hardly the limitation it could be if a sensible interface/implementation approach to the code's design has been taken. If it would really cause trouble, there are patches to make Dynamocks use CGLib to allow mocking of classes too. The documentation for Easy Mock
is fairly well fleshed out, and so might be a good choice for people new to the concept, but using Dynamocks is hardly taxing:
public void testCanUserLogin() {
com.mockobjects.dynamic.Mock mockUser =
new Mock( User.class );
mock.expectAndReturn( "validatePassword",
C.args( C.eq( "foobar" ) ), true );
boolean result = canUserLogin(
(User) mockUser.proxy(), "foobar" );
assertTrue("Expected to validate using " +
"password \"foobar\"",
result );
assertTrue("Mock User not used as expected",
Even though the setup of the dynamic mock is easy to perform, the extra complexity that it has introduced to the test setup makes the test harder to read and understand. For tests of more complex methods, this setup process can take some time and be hard to follow.
Dynamocks sidestep the issue of "missing classes" encountered with static mocks generated at compile time, but this
String based approach can lead to problems too — what if the method name changes? Refactoring support in tools such as Eclipse or IDEA may help, but there's always going to be something that they miss, meaning that more development time than is necessary is spent fixing the unit tests after a simple refactoring; not an ideal use of resources.
Easy Mock's approach is different and takes the form of recording a series of calls against the
interface being implemented and then checking that the correct calls are received. As a related concept, Easy Mock's
MockControl.createNiceControl method allows the expectations to be set up, but ignores the number of times a method is called amongst other benefits, resolving one of the issues present in many of the static
mock packages. One disadvantage of Easy Mock's approach is that things get a little ugly if the method being tested has to return a value or throw an
Exception, since these are recorded on another, entirely different, object.
Finally, dynamic mocks can lead to more verbose unit tests. While a hand-written mock object might be hard-coded to return a sensible default value for each method, the same cannot be true of a proxy-based mock. Instead, should the need for a default return value arise, the mock needs to have these associated with certain method calls before it is used, and this is normally done in the test. Fortunately, the two packages considered here support this kind of usage, but it does limit the reuse offered by the mock objects themselves.
Dynamic mocks share some of the same advantages and disadvantages of static mocks — some provide for type safety, while it can still be hard to determine when to use them — but they can offer the following advantages and disadvantages.
String-based dynamic mocks can lead to trouble when method names are refactored, while interface-based dynamic mocks suffer from some clumsiness when setting up return values.
While "making testing easier" is entirely the wrong reason for refactoring working code, anecdotal evidence suggests that testing with mocks leads to cleaner and better-composed code than code that is harder to test. Despite this, sometimes it is better to just test the method "as is," without any rewriting. Traditional approaches to unit testing will fail at this point, but fortunately, there's hope in the form of AOP. While this is a relatively new approach, there are articles that cover it available for the reader keen to experiment. Both of these articles point out many of the advantages that this approach offers, and concentrate on using AspectJ, although a similar result may be obtained using CGLib, since all that is required is an around advice.
One caveat is that not all AOP frameworks allow the developer to work with classes that aren't aware of the AOP package, which limits the potential application of this type of mock object. Of course, approaches based on AspectJ do not suffer from this, but methods based on CGLib will. The other obvious downside to using AOP is that it introduces an entirely new programming paradigm to an aspect of code writing that should be as staid and solid as possible — debugging unit tests, as mentioned before, is a pointless waste of time. Also, because aspects can be "woven" into the code at any point, there is less incentive to clean up code to make testing easier.
Bear in mind that not every lock should be opened with a hammer. Mock objects are a powerful weapon in a unit tester's arsenal, but sometimes it's best not to use them. There are certain tests where mock objects are definitely not a good fit, the most obvious being acceptance and integration tests. While unit tests allow a developer to ensure that an object's methods conform to a certain contract with the rest of the code, acceptance and integration tests are meant to test a system "end to end." Replacing chunks of this system with an idealized version is not the best way to get accurate test results!
Similarly, mocks are frequently a poor choice for replacing infrastructure. As mentioned above, writing a mock object implies a complete understanding of how the object being mocked is meant to behave, and infrastructure is generally something that is complex enough to make this a non-trivial task. Instead, perhaps it is better to focus on what the infrastructure is being used for, and replace that with a mock implementation, an idea explored by this blog entry. Of course, if the infrastructure that the unit test is collaborating with has suitable lightweight implementations, then there may be an argument to use those rather than relying on mocks at all.
While reviewing this article, Marty Andrews pointed out an important insight: there are two ways to use a mock object, either as a testing technique or as a design technique, and the intended use helps shape the available choices.
As a testing technique, mocks leave a lot to be desired because it's far too easy to fall into the trap of testing how a method produces its output, rather than testing the contract the object being tested presents to the rest of the world. This is not to say that mocks have no place being used as a testing technique, but simply to suggest that care should be taken to avoid this problem. If a developer finds herself mocking up the APIs of third-party libraries, then it may be time to step back and think about why the mocks are being used in the first place. Despite this drawback, mocks provide a great way for exercising parts of the code that are seldom touched by other types of testing.
As a design technique, mock objects can be used in conjunction with Test Driven Development (TDD) to help shape the code. For example, although mocking infrastructure is a bad idea, mocking the services that the infrastructure provides is a good idea. Providing an abstraction that encapsulates the services offered by infrastructure helps lead to clearer code and cleaner classes with better-defined responsibilities.
Deciding when to use which type of mock can be a difficult task. Some believe that using anything but hand-crafted mocks implies some sort of "code smell" — a problem with the code itself. Others believe that static mocks are primitive and a poor choice when dynamic mocks can provide so much flexibility and need not suffer the drawbacks of a
String-based approach. The use of AOP-based mocks is probably something that will be mandated by the nature of the code that needs to be tested. However, while it may be fun to use the latest bleeding-edge technologies, there is little that AOP-based methods provide that cannot be offered by more traditional dynamic mock approaches and the application of a little lateral thinking.
Ultimately the approach used for providing and using mocks has to be determined by the developer, bearing in mind the size of the project, whether the codebase is already extant, and how much authority the developer has to make changes to the code, as well as how familiar they are with the techniques that each type of mock use, be they static, proxy-based or AOP-based.
Simon Stewart is a freelance developer currently working in Sydney.
Return to ONJava.com.
Copyright © 2017 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


text:
News Detail
Sodano Receives Father Dorsey Award
The Class of 2013 surprised Dr. Todd Sodano, Assistant Professor of Communication/Journalism, with the Father Dorsey Award during the Senior Convocation on May 9.
The award is given each year to a teaching member of the College who is dedicated to the student life experience both in and out of the classroom. Sodano was also invited by the class to be the faculty speaker at the event.
Father Dorsey was a former Dean and Interim President of the College.
Senior class officers with Dr. Todd Sodano.


text:
Creamy Bow Tie Pasta RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
- 1 cup uncooked bow tie pasta
- 1-1/2 teaspoons butter
- 2-1/4 teaspoons olive oil
- 1-1/2 teaspoons all-purpose flour
- 1/2 teaspoon minced garlic
- Dash salt
- Dash dried basil
- Dash crushed red pepper flakes
- 3 tablespoons 2% milk
- 2 tablespoons chicken broth
- 1 tablespoon water
- 2 tablespoons shredded Parmesan cheese
- 1 tablespoon sour cream
- Cook pasta according to package directions. Meanwhile, in a small saucepan, melt butter. Stir in the oil, flour, garlic and seasonings until blended. Gradually add the milk, broth and water. Bring to a boil; cook and stir for 2 minutes or until slightly thickened.
- Remove from the heat; stir in cheese and sour cream. Drain pasta; toss with sauce. Yield: 2 servings.
Reviews for Creamy Bow Tie Pasta
"my family really liked this. will definat ly make again"
"Needs a bit more flavor. I will make some additions like garlic powder and maybe some coarse ground pepper. I enjoy the kick the red pepper flakes give it though."
"Great side for many meals - nice 'n creamy, great flavors."
"I have made this several times. It's a great side dish and makes just enough for 2."
"I made this according to the recipe I just doubled it to make enough for my family and it was bland. It did not have enough of a flavor. I added some garlic salt and pepper it was better."
"I made this according to the recipe minus the red pepper flakes, then added chicken to make it a main dish. It was very easy and really good, and not super rich like a lot of Alfredo recipes are. I made it for a large group so I used the whole 12 oz box of pasta and ended up multiplying the sauce ingredients by six and it was the perfect amount of sauce, not too soupy but not dry. I will definitely make this again."
"Very good, had to double it to feed two of us. I'll make this again."
"Just helping with typo's ours spaghetti sauce recipe"
"Dear Jessica, how did you make big for your family we have 5 of us? Did u double it your triple it? We like chicken in ares to! I found another website that is called spagetti sause and meatballs.com. I am using there resipe!!Abigail"


text:
Jura Espresso Machines
Great for home or office, Jura elevates the bean-to-cup experience. With the touch of a button, this line of Swiss engineered coffee centers offers individually brewed coffee, espresso or cappuccino into your waiting cup. And you won't have to wait long since a Jura smart coffee center can grind, tamp, brew and self-clean in less than sixty seconds.
Fill the hopper with your favorite whole bean coffee and relish the fresh taste from a Jura "never-move-the-cup-one-touch" that beats plastic coffee capsules or paper espresso pods hands down.
Learn More about Jura Espresso Machines
Jura C9 One Touch Automatic Coffee CenterThe Jura Impressa C9 One Touch Automatic Coffee Center is the most compact one touch automatic coffee centers around. With a bright, user-friendly interface and a host of programmable options, the C9 is the next best thing to having your favorite barista in your kitchen. Set your preferences for temperature, volume and strength for each drink, anywhere from one to 16 ounces. The Jura C9's Automatic Cappuccino System frees your hands while sending the hot milk directly into your cup. As for this impressive automatic's other professional features, you'll adore the Clearyl water filtration system and commercial-grade conical burr grinder. Learn More$2,099.00
Jura Impressa F8 TFT Automatic Coffee Center"Impressa" your friends with the new Jura Impressa F8 Automatic Coffee Center! Delivering high quality, freshly brewed espresso or coffee with a touch of a button, this machine pulls out all the stops with the TFT color display, its vast array of pre-programmed drink choices and optional "expert" customization. Learn More$2,199.00
Jura J90 Superautomatic Espresso Machine - SilverLeave it to a bright and colorful screen to put us in a frenzy over the Jura Impressa J9 One Touch TFT. Jura has taken the typical espresso machine digital screen a notch higher — maybe even a few notches higher — with this interactive and visually striking version. At the push of the rotary button, the J9 One Touch's menu pops up, complete with text and images, to reveal a list of specialty drinks from which to choose as well as a helpful guide to customize your own drinks, maintain your machine, and when to refill your water tank. To the detail-obsessed users: You can even choose the color scheme of your screen. Talk about personalization. Move your kitchen into the modern era with the Jura J90 Superautomatic Espresso Machine. A vibrant TFT screen and a user-friendly scroll wheel selector makes it easy to find your favorite drink in a sea of customizable options (even for guests). Smart features like automatic alerts for cleaning cycles, empty water tanks and full dump boxes make keeping up with maintenance an effortless affair. And, with automatic milk heating and texturing at the touch of a button, you'll find a perfect drink for anyone in you family. Learn More$2,999.00


text:
Final Intended Use Plan for the New York State Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
- Final Intended Use Plan for the State Revolving Fund (PDF, 1.69MB, 223pg.)
Table of Contents
- 1.0 Introduction
- 2.0 Program Changes and Initiatives
- 3.0 Short- and Long-Term Goals
- 3.1 Short-Term Goals
- 3.2 Long-Term Goals
- 4.0 Financial Status
- 5.0 Amending the IUP
- 6.0 Set-Aside Activities
- 7.0 Disadvantaged Community Program and Hardship
- 8.0 Capacity Assessment
- 9.0 State Environmental Review Process/Determination of Equivalency Projects
- 10.0 Project Priority Lists
- Project Readiness List (PDF, 209KB, 36pg.)
- Category A (Small Systems List) (PDF, 110KB, 28pg.)
- Multi-Year List (PDF, 273KB, 86pg.)
- Category C Hardship (PDF, 35KB, 4pg.)
NOTE: Project Readiness List, Category A (Small Systems List), Multi-Year List, and Category C Hardship list can be found in the complete Final Intended Use Plan for the State Revolving Fund (PDF, 1.69MB, 223pg.)
- Attachment I - Project Priority Ranking System (PDF, 38KB, 9pg.)
- Attachment II - Anticipated Intended Use Plan Schedule for the October 1, 2011 – September 30, 2012 Funding Period (PDF, 19KB, 2pg.)
- Attachment III - Financing Fees and Financing Options (PDF, 36KB, 5pg.)
- Attachment IV - Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Pre-application Form (PDF, 28KB, 3pg.)
- Attachment V - Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Application Checklist (PDF, 43KB, 5pg.)
- Attachment VI - Output and Outcome Measures (PDF, 33KB, 2pg.)
- Attachment VII - Response to Comments: There were no public comments made during the comment period for the Draft Intended Use Plan.
- Appendix 1 - Summary of Project List Changes (PDF, 64KB, 9pg.)


text:
I just think you are a Celtic fan that is on this site, you really dislike my opinions on this board, I am fine about that, but most people here do agree with me unlike you, so there might be something wrong with you. Rider sucks get over it already.
Those trades aren't something that would happen, I realise that, but they are situations that would start us on the right path.
I think you should post more of your opinions, all I see from your posts are comments about someones posts, or bs from your ass.


text:
Involuntary Treatment – Civil Rights or Civil Wrongs?
In the 1950s, 558,000 people were in mental institutions in the U.S. Many were there against their will and were being warehoused or treated badly. Deinstitutionalization was intended to restore their civil rights and improve their lot. Did it? By 2006, there were only 40,000 people in institutions. What happened to the other 518,000?
Some of them are living in the community with supportive family members, taking their medications, and contributing to society. Some of them have been ghettoized in halfway houses or group homes in crime-ridden and run-down neighborhoods. Some of them are homeless, living on the streets and eating out of garbage cans. Some of them are in jail. Some of them have killed family members or have killed multiple people in "rampage" murders provoked by their psychotic delusions.
Accurate numbers are difficult to obtain. By some estimates, as many as 30-50% of the homeless (and even more of the hard-core homeless) and as many as 40-50% of the jail population are mentally ill. There are more mentally ill people in jails than in hospitals. The mentally ill are more likely to be victims of violence and rape and are more likely to be shot by the police in "justifiable homicide" incidents.
Mentally ill people who are adequately treated are no more violent than the non-mentally ill, but a disproportionate number of murders are committed by the mentally ill. The risk of violence increases with past history of violence, substance abuse, anosognosia with medication noncompliance, antisocial personality disorder, paranoid symptoms, and male sex. (more…)


text:
Burlington officer pleads not guilty in shootingThe Associated Press | July 26,2013BURLINGTON A Vermont police officer who had his nose broken and suffered a concussion after a mentally ill man hit him in the head pleaded not guilty Thursday to criminal charges of shooting the man on a Winooski street.
Winooski Cpl. Jason Nokes initially told state police investigators that he thought the man who had assaulted him was carrying a knife, but he later admitted he never saw a weapon, court documents said.
Nokes, 42, of Milton, was released after he entered the pleas to charges of aggravated assault, reckless endangerment and providing false information to state police when they conducted the independent investigation.
The Burlington Free Press reported that more than two dozen off-duty police and correctional officers attended the arraignment in apparent support for Nokes, a 19-year police veteran.
Nokes had no comment after the hearing.
The April 25 encounter began when Isaac Sage, 35, of Winooski, refused to leave a private gym.
Court documents say Sage assaulted Nokes on the street after Nokes tried to handcuff him. Nokes shot Sage in the leg while another officer was trying to subdue Sage.
Sage was not seriously injured. Charges against Sage were dismissed after he was found incompetent to stand trial.
Chittenden County States Attorney T.J. Donovan said that the case centers on Nokes claim Sage had a knife.
He was knowingly giving false information to a law enforcement officer for the purpose of deflecting the investigation from his actions and was attempting to provide further justification for shooting Sage, according to an affidavit by Vermont State Police Sgt. Jacob Zorn.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Rep. Peter Welch, D-Vt. Full StoryVermont Attorney General Bill Sorrell plans to join the U.S. Full StoryMONTPELIER Gov. Full Story
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text:
December 6, 2012 —
Girl Scouts have been around since the year 1912. From Daisy, to Brownie, to Junior, to Cadette, to Senior, to Ambassador, the experience is extraordinary. Active in the community, offering help as much as they can, involving young girls in different experiences, and being role models and future leaders to people everywhere, it's what they do. They are always ready to assist anyone and are prepared to make a difference. I know it may seem like Girl Scouts between the ages of 6 to 18 (plus their amazing leaders) can't make a significant impact in society, but you would definitely be surprised. Being a Girl Scout myself, I've realized over the years how much time and effort everyone who is in the program puts in to make a better world. All of the organized activities and fundraisers are extraordinary and really do accomplish a lot.
I was able to contact Laure Valentine to get some information about the Girl Scouts in our community. Mrs. Valentine is a troop leader, among many who have dedicated much time to creating a fantastic Rockland Girl Scout Program. She has been a leader since her daughter was a Daisy. Laure shared with me that there are about 80 girls in the Roscoe/Livingston Manor Girl Scouts. They participate in a variety of events such as planting flowers in the spring, the town clean-up, Christmas caroling at the nursing homes, and most recently they made a float for the Jeffersonville parade. The parade is in honor of James Dworestsky and to celebrate the holidays. There were many different floats with lights everywhere and communities participating from all around the area. It was a beautiful parade with all the decorations, lights, and floats all around. The Manor/Roscoe Girl Scouts have participated for the past four years. One year their theme was elves and reindeer, while the other three years featured the Nativity scene. These floats were completely decorated by 20 to 30 girls with the help of a few amazing adults. Although it was a rainy and cold night, it was a fantastic parade.
A special person who has been a part of the Girl Scout world for about 40 years and should be recognized for her hard work and dedication is Mrs. Gail Lenkiewicz. She is the community chairperson and is also a wonderful troop leader. I had the pleasure of having her as my leader, and I know that she should definitely be rewarded for all she's done for these troops. All the nights she has had to sort through Girl Scout cookies and other fundraising products must have been long and stressful. Trust me, every year there is so much to sort through, and Mrs. Lenkiewicz has never called it quits and has always remained dedicated to the Girl Scouts. Her organizational skills and persistence in having the girls earn their patches greatly benefit the program. Equally important, Mrs. Lenkiewicz was always there for you to talk to if you needed someone. My troop and I knew we could come to her for anything and get her helpful advice, and she'd consistently be there for us. Her wise words and the many duties she's performed should not go unnoticed.
More girls should join Girl Scouts for the outstanding pleasure you get from it all. Girls will be able to make long-lasting friends, do good in the community, explore, experience and make a difference in society. Above all, you'll have a load of fun; I know I did. The Girl Scouts have been around for a long time and hopefully will continue to achieve success through participation by young girls everywhere who will become our leaders of the future.
[Victoria Davis is a freshman at Keuka College in Penn Yan, NY, where she is taking a class in public relations.]


text:
Jane E. CruthersDecember 05,2012Jane E. Cruthers
MANCHESTER Jane Elizabeth Cruthers, 94, formerly of Landgrove, and more recently of Manchester, died Sunday, Dec. 2, 2012, at her residence at Equinox Terrace in Manchester following a brief illness
She was born June 24, 1918, in Orange, N.J., the daughter of August Frederick and Edith (Vance) Bauer.
She received her education in West Orange, N.J., and was a graduate of West Orange High School. She later graduated from Columbia Presbyterian School of Nursing.
On Oct. 18, 1941, she married Thomas Cruthers.
For many years she was employed as a nurse at the Orange Memorial Hospital in Orange, N.J., and later at the Springfield Hospital in Springfield, Vt.
She enjoyed golf, traveling, gardening, reading, crossword puzzles, bridge and volunteering at Equinox Terrace, Manchester Health Services, and Hildene.
Survivors include her children, Thomas Cruthers of Manchester, Andrew Frederick Cruthers of Milford, N.J., and Christina Jane McCaffery of Plymouth, Mich.; two grandchildren, three step-grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren. She was predeceased by a brother, August Frederick Bauer, Jr.
A memorial service will be announced at a later date
Memorial contributions may be made to Manchester Health Services through the office of the Mahar and Son Funeral Home, 385 Bonnet St., Manchester Center, VT 05255. Guest book condolences may be made at www.maharandsonfuneralhome.net.MORE IN ObituariesCharles T. Baker
Charles T. Full StoryMarguerite Hoose
Marguerite Alice Peggy Hoose, 90, of Rutland, Vermont, died December ... Full StoryLouise S. Full Story
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text:
WASHINGTON — The American Institute of Architects will honor Pennsylvania-based architect Peter Bohlin, FAIA, with the 2010 AIA Gold Medal award, the organization's highest honor.
The AIA Gold Medal, which is voted on annually by the AIA board of directors, recognizes individuals whose body of work has influenced the theory and practice of architecture. Bohlin, who founded Bohlin Cywinski Jackson in 1965, is known for his versatile, contextual use of materials.
Notable Bohlin projects include the 1999 integration of a new courthouse annex into the William J. Nealon Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in Scranton, Pa., as part of a $34 million expansion and renovation of the original 19th-century, neo-classical courthouse.
The existing four-story, art deco-influenced building completed in 1931 features limestone and brick construction with a granite base, green serpentine columns, and terracotta with polychrome accents. The project received a citation in the 2000 GSA Design Awards.
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The design joins the old and new structures with a multi-story, skylit atrium, creating a major civic space while minimizing changes to the existing historic building. The atrium establishes a focus for public circulation within the complex with a series of discretely placed bridges that provide secure and separate circulation routes between the two structures.
Bohlin, whose projects have earned 12 national AIA Honor Awards over the last four decades, is the 66th AIA Gold Medalist. He joins the ranks of Frank Lloyd Wright (1949), Louis Kahn (1971), Frank Gehry (1999) and Renzo Piano (2008).
"His architecture clearly communicates that buildings are not just placed on the landscape but are part of the landscape and indeed enhance the experience of nature," wrote Ed Feiner, FAIA, former General Services Administration chief architect, in a letter of recommendation.


text:
Saturday, March 07, 2009
Kickin' It Old School
13 comments:
deviiii kerennnn..!!ReplyDelete
gue juga pengen pake hi knee socks gitu tapi gakk bisa nanti malah betis gue makin guedeeee hueheheuhe
@jude: thanks ya Jude.. *blushing* Hehhh??!! Ga salah, lo kurus begitu, gedean betis gw kaleee... nyindir yehh?! Hahahaha...ReplyDelete
awww you look adorable!!ReplyDelete
I miss my highschool uniform. I should of kept it... It probably wouldn't fit! lol!ReplyDelete
you look HOT and so cute!!!!ReplyDelete
Thanks Kimberly Tia, Askmewhats! :)ReplyDelete
@Kendall: LOLz. I didn't keep it too but I always love to dress up like schoolgirls LOLz!!
gothic style :)ReplyDelete
@boy: LOLz, neah, it's not a gothic! :P (not even close! LOL)ReplyDelete
Wow Dev, tadinya gw pikir foto siapa, ternyata Devi, keren tuh :)ReplyDelete
@seezqo: hehe, thanks yah :)ReplyDelete
Quite close to Japanese high school uniform style :-)ReplyDelete
LOL .. can't imagine if am wearing that outfit.
@tere616: awwww, thank you! *blushing*ReplyDelete
Remember to always include your name and e-mail address to get personal reply. Constructive comments are more than welcome. And for the HATERS, thanks for the page hit!


text:
National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
It is possible that the main title of the report Epididymitis is not the name you expected.
General Discussion
Epididymitis is inflammation of the long, narrow, tightly coiled tube (epididymis) found behind each testicle. The epididymis carries sperm from the testicle to the spermatic duct. Affected individuals usually have painful swelling of the one epididymis and the associated testicle. In some cases, the second testicle may also be tender. In addition, affected individuals have fever, painful swelling and redness (erythema) of the scrotum, and/or inflammation of the tube from which urine is carried from the bladder (urethritis). Pain associated with epididymitis can be severe. The two main forms of epididymitis are the sexually-transmitted form and the nonspecific bacterial form
Supporting Organizations
American Social Health Association
- P.O. Box 13827
- Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
- Tel: (919)361-8400
- Fax: (919)361-8425
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Website: http://www.ashastd.org
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- 1600 Clifton Road NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- Tel: (404)639-3534
- Tel: (800)232-4636
- Email: email@example.com
- Website: http://www.cdc.gov/
Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
- PO Box 8126
- Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126
- Tel: (301)251-4925
- Fax: (301)251-4911
- Tel: (888)205-2311
- Website: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/
NIH/National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- 3 Information Way
- Bethesda, MD 20892-3580
- Fax: (703)738-4929
- Tel: (800)891-5390
- Email: email@example.com
- Website: http://www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov/
Urology Care Foundation
- 1000 Corporate Blvd
- Linthicum, MD 21090
- Tel: (410)689-3700
- Fax: (410)689-3896
- Tel: (800)828-7866
- Email: email@example.com
- Website: http://www.urologyhealth.org/
For a Complete Report
This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under "Rare Disease Information".
The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians.
It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder.
For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Last Updated: 12/12/1969
Copyright 2009 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
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Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
Israel and Gaza enter a second day of deadly exchanges that erupted after a Hamas military leader was killed in an Israeli missile attack. Israelis maintain that deadly strike was in retaliation for Palestinian rocket attacks. ITV's Paul Davies reports.
News analysis
TEL AVIV, Israel - Unilateral Israeli military attacks are not unexpected in this part of the world, as the wars with Gaza in 2008 and Lebanon in 2006 show.
In the past, Israel, with help from the United States, could rely on the acquiescence of the Egyptian government to do nothing. This week's attacks, the first large-scale Israeli operation since Arab Spring revolts erupted and toppled governments throughout the region, will seriously test whether the United States and Israel can still depend on Egypt's new government to hold the line.
Egypt's reaction to Israel's bombing was swift.
Baz Ratner / Reuters
Israeli soldiers watch as an Iron Dome launcher fires an interceptor rocket near the southern city of Beersheba on Thursday.
"The Israelis must realize that this aggression is unacceptable and would only lead to instability in the region and would negatively and greatly impact the security of the region," Egypt's President Mohammed Morsi said in a televised address on Thursday.
In a post-revolutionary Egypt, one where the country's foreign policy is expected to be more closely aligned with the will of the people, the latest round of Israeli strikes is sure to test Egypt's willingness go along with Israel and the United States. More importantly, it will test whether the United States' international priorities still hold sway in Egypt.
ANALYSIS: Israel, Gaza slide closer to war neither side wants
But whether or not the Israeli strikes on Hamas anger the Egyptian government, the key question is, what can Egypt actually do?
Egypt, which has acted as a mediator between Hamas and Israel since 2007, recalled its ambassador in protest to what it called Israel's aggression on the people of Gaza. It has summoned the Israeli ambassador to Cairo for a diplomatic dress down. It has also pushed for a United Nations Security Council meeting and will convene an Arab League gathering.
Egypt's ruling Freedom and Justice Party, and by extension the Muslim Brotherhood, has condemned the attacks and called for a strong international response. Already there are protest rallies and marches in solidarity with the people of Gaza being organized in Cairo.
Israel: Three civilians killed by rockets fired from Gaza as violence escalates
Many in Egypt aren't sure what any of these moves will amount to. At the end of the day, any international measure condemning Israel will have to go through the U.N. and will most likely be vetoed by the United States.
So Israeli actions in Gaza will test the United States' evolving relationship with Egypt post-Hosni Mubarak, the U.S.-backed dictator who was deposed in 2011.
Three Israelis were killed when their apartment building was struck by a rocket fired from the Gaza Strip, an attack that intensified tensions between Israel and Palestinian militants. The incident came after Hamas' top military commander and seven others were killed in a series of airstrikes by the Jewish state. NBC's Martin Fletcher reports.
The White House said on Wednesday that Obama had spoken to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Egypt's Morsi, and reiterated U.S. support for Israel's right to self-defense in light of rocket attacks from Gaza.
"The president urged Prime Minister Netanyahu to make every effort to avoid civilian casualties. The two agreed that Hamas needs to stop its attacks on Israel to allow the situation to de-escalate," the statement said. "The president also spoke with President Morsi given Egypt's central role in preserving regional security. In their conversation, President Obama condemned the rocket fire from Gaza into Israel and reiterated Israel's right to self-defense."
These and other initial statements out of Washington have been received with great disappointment on the Arab street. Unlike in the past, the Arab street increasingly matters to more responsive Arab governments.
Hatem Moussa / AP
Palestinian mourners carry the body of Hamas' top military commander Ahmed Jabari, who was killed in an Israeli strike on Wednesday, during his funeral in Gaza City, on Thursday,
Many in Egypt blame Palestinians for a week of rocket fire into southern Israel, but not the Israeli strikes on Gaza over the past week that have killed civilians, including young children. On Arab talk shows, news programs and press, many are denouncing Obama for failing to live up to the promise he made when he traveled to Cairo in 2009 and offered Muslims "a new beginning" and "mutual respect.
Four years ago, under the same pretext it used in carrying out Operation Pillars of Defense, Israel carried out Operation Cast Lead to stop Palestinian rocket fire into southern Israel. It is hard to say that the operation succeeded -- Hamas not only remains firmly in power and it has grown stronger in Gaza.
Israel acknowledged that since Cast Lead, Palestinian militant groups have acquired new longer-range rockets and missiles and Hamas has not been weakened operationally to the point its not a threat.
If Israel's military operation failed to stop rocket fire four years ago, why would it succeed this time around?
Nir Elias / Reuters
Two sides exchange deadly airstrikes, rocket attacks.


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GMP, WJJR to pack ParamountJune 18,2013Paramount hosts
food drive
Green Mountain Power and Catamount Radio's WJJR announced Monday a goal of 20,000 items for the 2013 Pack the Paramount Food Drive set for July 12.
The two-day drive at the Rutland theater will run from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. July 12 and from 6 a.m. to 1 p.m. July 13. Donors are asked to bring non-perishable food items that will be donated to BROC, the Rutland Community Cupboard and the Salvation Army.
WJJR will broadcast live from the theater on both days.
Student groups, businesses, clubs, co-workers and teams from the Rutland county area are encouraged to gather food for donation and deliver them to the Paramount.
All types of nonperishable items are appreciated including peanut butter, jelly, canned tuna, pasta, soups, pasta sauce, macaroni and cheese, cereal, coffee and tea, rice, instant potatoes, rice and bottled juice. Other items like toilet paper, baby food, paper towels, hygiene products and large-size items for families are also needed.
Cash donations will be accepted.
For more information, contact Steve Costello at 793-4031.MORE IN This Just InWASHINGTON Long-term U.S. Full StoryMONTPELIER The Vermont attorney generals office says drug companies have complied with a state... Full StoryMOUNT HOLLY At its meeting next week, the Mount Holly Select Board will consider an ordinance... Full Story
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All photos/art by Annie Card
In designer Drew Ann Dunigan's childhood, ticking was the basic bedcovering at camp. Now she has cleverly taken the ubiquitous stripes and dressed them up as trim on throw pillows. This 18-inch-square durable cotton pillow ($50) is perfect for the cottage or guest room. Available in five colors from Chandler 4 Corners in Manchester Center, Vermont, where you'll find lots of wonderful home decor. 800-239-5137, 802-362-7027. chandler4corners.com


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Washington, DC -- In cooperation with the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Marlon Creations, Inc., of Long Island City, New York is recalling 430 toy Fire Trucks with Four Firemen-Hardwood Utility Truck Model 5044 imported from West Germany and sold nationwide between May 1986 and July 1986 for approximately $6.00 each. Tests conducted by CPSC showed that the firemen figures, which detach from the truck, are small parts and present a choking hazard. To meet CPSC toy safety requirements, toys intended f or children younger than 3 must not have any small parts.
The 5 1/2-inch long wooden fire truck is painted red and has a blue knob on the top of the cab, an unpainted ladder and six red wheels. The two-inch tall firemen are painted blue. The fire truck is package in a clear plastic bag with a cardboard header labeled, "Quality Wooden Toys made in West Germany." There is no labeling on the toy.
Although the CPSC and Marlon have not received reports of any injuries involving this toy, consumers should take these toys away from children immediately. Consumers may return the toy-for a full refund to the retail store where they were purchased or to Marlon Creations, Inc., 35-01 36th Avenue, Long Island City, New York 11106.
Anyone wishing additional information may call Marlon at 718-361-2088 or CPSC's toll-free hotline number at 800-638-CPSC. A teletypewriter number for the hearing impaired is (301) 595-7054.
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risks of injury or death associated with the use of
thousands of types of consumer products under the agency's jurisdiction. Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer product incidents cost the
nation more than $1 trillion annually. CPSC is committed to protecting consumers and families from products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical or
mechanical hazard. CPSC's work to help ensure the safety of consumer products - such as toys, cribs, power tools, cigarette lighters and household
chemicals -– contributed to a decline in the rate of deaths and injuries associated with consumer products over the past 40 years.
Federal law bars any person from selling products subject to a publicly-announced voluntary recall by a manufacturer or a mandatory recall ordered by the
To report a dangerous product or a product-related injury go online to www.SaferProducts.gov or call CPSC's Hotline at 800-638-2772 or teletypewriter at
301-595-7054 for the hearing impaired. Consumers can obtain news release and recall information at www.cpsc.gov, on Twitter @USCPSC or by subscribing
to CPSC's free e-mail newsletters.
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Call to get product safety and other agency information and to report unsafe products.
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By Ryn Gargulinski: Freedom Newspapers
Pastor Richard Masterson Jr. said his prayers were answered early Friday morning when a 14-hour standoff near The Restaurant at Fox Run ended without serious injury.
Police said Shireen Simon (also known as Shireen Nalley) barricaded herself in a house at 2225 Llano Estacado about 1 p.m. Thursday after firing several rounds at sheriff's deputies who responded to a security alarm. She was taken into custody shortly before 4 a.m. Friday, but only after tear gas was thrown in a window, said Curry County Sheriff Roger Hatcher.
"Under the circumstances, everything went perfectly. No one was hurt," Hatcher said.
Masterson said a woman who said she was Nalley's aunt came into the House of Prayer Fellowship church Thursday afternoon to pray.
"Her cell phone kept ringing, which made it hard to pray," Masterson said. "But she finally turned it off and for about five minutes we prayed for a safe outcome of the situation."
Masterson said the woman, who did not tell him her name, told him her niece believed the property where the standoff occurred belonged to her.
Nalley, 30, is being held on $30,000 cash-only bond at the Curry County Adult Detention Center on charges of aggravated assault and aggravated burglary, Hatcher said.
Hatcher said a pistol was recovered at the scene. He said seven bullet holes were found "all over the house," including floors, walls, and ceiling and a window was broken.
Will Cockrell, who owns the house and the adjacent Fox Run Restaurant, said an unknown woman showed up at 7 a.m. Tuesday at his home.
"This gal was saying 'this is my property, you have no business here,'" he said. Cockrell told the woman he didn't want any trouble with her, but if she didn't leave he would call the police, he said.
He said a sheriff's deputy came to his house, but the woman had left by that time, he said.
Hatcher said authorities are "relatively certain" Nalley is the same person who showed up at Cockrell's house on Tuesday morning, based on Cockrell's description of the woman.
Negotiations leading up to Nalley's apprehension included hours on the telephone, according to Hatcher.
"About six hours into the standoff we knew we were not going to talk her out," Hatcher said. "We needed to keep her down. We believed she had some mental issues and was not somebody who was just mad or even on drugs. We had to get her down to where she was extremely tired."
Hatcher said Nalley had left a suicide note to her two sons, ages 6 and 8, "indicating she would not be coming back." Her sons had been placed with Children Youth and Family services for an unrelated incident prior to Thursday's standoff, according to authorities.
Although no family members were allowed to take part in the negotiations, Hatcher said a cousin and an aunt were on the perimeter of the scene, just outside the barricades.
Streets were blocked off for hours while the conflict was being resolved.
Diane Bonness, the closest neighbor east of the restaurant, said her husband, who usually comes home from work around 3 p.m., was not allowed road access to his home until after 8 p.m.
Harris Dunn, who resides next door to Bonness and happened to be on his roof repairing his air conditioner when the incident began, said he and his wife were planning to go into town but were told they could leave the barricaded area but they would not be able to get back in.


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Eddie Bauer® - Ladies Wind-Resistant Full-Zip Fleece Jacket. EB231
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The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) has provided significant investment in high-speed rail planning and design over the past five years through the High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail Program (HSIPR). The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) completed a study in 1997, High-Speed Ground Transportation for America, which concluded that high-speed ground transportations total benefits exceed total costs in most corridors, especially those whose distance is between 100 and 600 miles, thereby contributing to the continued investment in passenger rail programs.
The FRA and Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) have invested in high-speed rail in Georgia over the past few years with three feasibility studies: Atlanta-Birmingham, AL; Atlanta-Jacksonville, FL; and Atlanta-Louisville, KY; and two environmental impact analyses one for the Atlanta to Charlotte, NC, corridor and the other for the Atlanta to Chattanooga, TN, corridor. Also, they will be updating the Georgia State Rail Plan over the next couple of years.
The Columbus to Atlanta corridor is another spoke in the high-speed rail wheel for the metro Atlanta area, providing alternative transportation services to the third largest city in Georgia. The Columbus Consolidated Government (CCG) retained HNTB Corporation to provide planning services to evaluate the feasibility of high-speed rail in the Columbus to Atlanta corridor. This study area concentrated on a new high-speed rail corridor from Columbus traveling northeast to Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (H-JAIA).
The feasibility study involved socio-economic and transportation data collection; forecasting; planning and integration; economic and financial analysis; and stakeholder involvement. The study began in Spring 2013 and was completed in late 2013 with the report available in February 2014.
The study engaged in extensive analysis to determine feasibility for the three high-speed rail alternatives: Emerging, Regional and Express.
Federal Railroad Administration's
Three High-Speed Technologies
EMERGING HIGH-SPEED RAIL > utilizes abandoned and active rail corridor right-of-way and is intended for developing corridors of 100-500 miles with a strong potential for future Regional or Express high-speed rail service. Emerging rail uses diesel locomotives to achieve top speeds up to 90 110 mph.
REGIONAL HIGH-SPEED RAIL > accommodates relatively frequent service between major and moderate population centers, 100-500 miles apart. Regional rail involves establishing a new passenger rail corridor but can utilize existing interstate and state highway corridors, private railroad right-of-way and greenfield alternatives. Diesel-electric locomotives achieve top speeds of 110-150 mph.
EXPRESS RAIL > is frequent, quick service between major population centers with few intermediate stops. Top speeds range from 150-220 mph on completely grade-separated, dedicated rights-of-way. Electrified locomotives are used to achieve these top speeds. Express Rail involves establishing a dedicated passenger rail corridor along interstates, state highways and greenfield alternatives.
The study team gathered input from local advisors and stakeholders and combined this information with quantitative and qualitative screening processes to select the two representative routes. These routes demonstrated the potential to deliver a high level of service with fewer public and environmental impacts.
Route 2 (in green,) represents the Emerging High-Speed Rail analysis. It follows the abandoned right-of-way from the Columbus Airport through Pine Mountain and Raymond where it transitions to or adjacent to the existing rail before making its way to the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (H-JAIA) area.
Route 5 (in red,) represents the Regional and Express alternatives. It generally follows I-185 and I-85 but transitions to or adjacent to existing rail right-of-way near Fairburn in order to access the H-JAIA area.
Using two representative routes and a set of carefully selected operating parameters (i.e., train equipment type, fleet size, travel times, round trips per day, etc.); the study generated potential ridership, revenues, operations and maintenance (O&M) and capital costs for each high-speed rail format for years 2030 through 2050. The Operating Ratio, a key FRA metric of feasibility, was computed for each alternative, measuring the ratio of operating revenues to operating expenses. Rail system alternatives achieving an operating ratio greater than 1.0 are deemed to be operationally feasible, as they successfully generate revenues to offset or exceed operating expenses.
The Study results show that both the Express and the Regional high-speed rail alternatives are operationally feasible, with both producing operating ratios greater than 1.0 for years 2030, 2040 and 2050. For the year 2030, the Express rail system would generate an estimated $28.5 million in revenues against $23.5 million in expenses to produce an operating ratio of 1.21 (amounts are 2030$). Ridership (one-way trips) is projected to be 1.1 million by 2030.
The Regional system would generate $24.6 million in revenues to offset $21.5 million in operating expenses to produce an Operating Ratio of 1.15. By comparison, the Emerging rail alternative is projected in 2030 to generate $16.7 million in revenues against $19.9 million in operating expenses for an operating ratio of 0.83 with an estimated annual ridership of 775,000. Thus, the Emerging alternative is not projected to be operationally feasible.
Estimated capital costs (planning, design and construction) were estimated using FRAs costing methodology. These estimates are relatively similar to other passenger rail estimates in the region including studies conducted by the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT).
|Estimated Capital Costs (in millions)
|Total Cost
|Cost Per Mile
Thus, the Columbus to Atlanta corridor is deemed feasible for high-speed passenger rail service based on the data collected and the technical analysis. Moving forward, the CCG will begin working on both immediate and long-term next steps for successful implementation. These include incorporating the study into the Georgia State Rail Plan, preparing for the next planning and environmental assessments, and identifying funding/financing strategies for implementation. The Final Report further details the studys methodologies and results and will be available February 2014.
To download the project summary sheet, please click here.
March 18, 2014 Public Meeting
September 4, 2013, and January 8, 2014 Stakeholder Meetings:
What is High Speed Rail?
High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized railway vehicles and dedicated tracks. High Speed Rail can take one of several forms depending on the corridor conditions and passenger travel needs:
Why is a study of High Speed Rail between Columbus and Atlanta being conducted?
Transportation needs are ever-growing in the Southeast, and the Federal Railroad Administration in conjunction with the Obama Administration has dedicated funds to study the feasibility of high-speed rail as a possible solution to help meet future demands on transportation infrastructure. High-speed rail is a quick, reliable, energy efficient, environmentally clean and comfortable option for city-to-city travel. Rail passengers are relieved of issues including parking, traffic congestion delays and personal vehicle maintenance costs. The presence of high-speed rail can also create jobs, support economic stability, and spur revitalization and community reinvestment.
What alternatives will be evaluated?
The study area for the Columbus to Atlanta High Speed Rail corridor includes the following counties: Paulding, Cobb, DeKalb, Rockdale, Douglas, Fulton, Clayton, Henry, Carroll, Heard, Coweta, Fayette, Spalding, Troupe, Meriwether, Pike, Harris, Talbott, Upson, Muscogee, Chattahoochee, Marion, and Stewart Counties in Georgia and Chambers, Lee, and Russell Counties in Alabama.
Following stakeholder input and a technical analysis, the study evaluated two representative route alternatives as a basis for feasibility. The representative alternatives are not preferred alternatives or recommendations, but acted as a basis for feasibility of the corridor as a whole. One representative route, the Regional alternative, was determined for shared use options (utilizing existing railroad right-of-way), and one representative route, the Express alternative, was evaluated for dedicated use (passenger rail-only).
How does this feasibility study fit into the overall project development process?
The feasibility study included alternatives development, ridership forecasts, operation and maintenance costs research, and capital costs determination for each representative alternative. Ultimately, the study postulated the basis for establishing whether the corridor is a feasible candidate for further studies and provided insight into possible alignment and technology options.
Is the Columbus to Atlanta corridor feasible?
Yes. Based on the technical analysis of the three high-speed rail formats evaluated, (Emerging, Regional and Express) the corridor reflects operationally feasible results. An operating ratio greater than 1.0 (a key FRA measurement metric for feasibility) indicates that the rail system is efficiently generating revenues compared to expenses. Based on the analysis inputs, the Regional and Express alternatives produce favorable operating ratios greater than 1.0 for all projected years (2030, 2040 and 2050).
What happens after the feasibility study is complete?
Once a feasible alternative corridor is determined, the next steps in the project development process would typically be to complete required National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) evaluations and develop a Service Development Plan (detailed operational plan) for high-speed rail in the corridor.
Who are the stakeholders?
There are three groups of stakeholders involved in the study process: the Mayor's Commission for Passenger Rail including representatives from the Columbus area with a vested interested in passenger rail; a Technical Advisory Group including representatives for business, education, military, other transportation modes and political leaders; and counties and municipalities within the study area.
To provide comments regarding the project, click here.


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Applying to the MFA Programs
This is a guide to the application process for an MFA in Pictorial, Spatial, Photography, or Digital Media. This is a two step process in which the applicant must submit an Application Packet by the Department deadline, and apply for admission to San José State University.
The Department deadline is usually the second Friday in the month of January every year and Reviews are held in the early part of the Spring semester for admission during the following Fall semester. At the moment, the Department only accepts graduate students for Fall admission.
For University application deadlines please go to step 2 below.
Step 1 - Submit Application Packet to the Department of Art & Art History Graduate Program
Applicants for the Department of Art & Art History Graduate Program Admission Review must submit the complete application packet to the Deparment by the due date (must be post marked or dropped off by that date.)
If materials are not recieved by the due date, the application packet will not be reviewed. Also be aware that you are applying to the Department of Art & History, so do not submit the packet to the Graduate Studies Office of SJSU.
Download and completely fill out the Application Form (one form per Degree Objective). Be clear in selecting your Degree Objective at the time applying.
- Include a Résumé.
Include ALL OFFICIAL AND RECENTLY REQUESTED (dated within the last
six months) college transcripts.
If you are currently taking courses, grade reports for the courses must also be
submitted immediately after completion.
If mailing directly from previous college to the Department of Art & Art History,
mail to:
Department of Art & Art History
Graduate Program Admissions Review Committee
San José State University
One Washington Square
San José, CA 95192-0089
Completely fill out the Academic Summary Form
List all of studio art and art history classes taken, where the college classes were
taken, number of units earned and grades receive.
This is on the second page of the Application Form
- Include Letters of Recommendation (if references are not mailing directly to the Deparement of Art & Art History)
Include a Statement of Purpose
Submit an essay indicating reasons to pursue graduate studies in Art at San José State University. The essay should aslo describe the nature of work contemplated, both thematic and physical, and its relationship to contemporary art issues.
Include Documentary Material (Portfolio) related to Degree Objective
Cover Page: List all images of visuals by number & give descriptions of each work submitted including the following information: media, size, date, and circumstances under which work was done (class work, independent or job related)
Visual Create Works (maximum of 15)
Additional Instructions for Digital Media Art
The portfolio must provide examples of art which demonstrate a strong conceptual orientation and aptitude for digital media art enterprise. It may also include projects representing different media, but should only include those that best represent your artistic accomplishment.
The portfolio may be presented utilizing any combination of VHS video, CD, DBD, flash drive, zip disk or website (pocket size CDS and DVDs will not be accepted). For CD, DVD or flash drive submissions, please see Additional Instructions for Photography below. For VHS video, CD, DVD or zip disk submissions please submit in a hard plastic case.
Additional Instructions for Photography
Images must be high quality JPG (10 - 12 on the scale) and 1200 px on the long side. Name files in following manner: "Doe, J - Title of Work.jpg" or "Doe, J1.jpg, Doe, J2.jpg, Doe, J3.jpg, etc". The folder should be named in following manner: "Doe, J - MFA Application Images" and label the CD with the same title. All files, folders and discs submitted must include the last name of the applicant.
Also be aware if the CD, DVD or flash drive is not in compatible format to show images, it will be removed from the Portfolio and jeopardize your position for admittance in the program.
Additional Instructions for Pictorial and Spatial Art
Applicants working in media or methods that are not well represented by still images, submit additional materials as appropriate (no original work).
Also be aware if the CD, DVD or flash drive is not in compatible format to show images, it will be removed from the Portfolio and jeopardize your position for admittance in the program.
- Include a Self Addressed Stamped Envelope if return of Application Packet is desired. Also be aware that it must be durable enough to protect materials from damage.
- Submit Application Packet to:
Department of Art & Art History
Graduate Program Admissions Review Committee
San José State University
One Washington Square
San José, CA 95192-008
The Department of Art & Art History Graduate Program Admissions Review Process takes approximately 8 weeks before formal notification of acceptance or denial to the program(s). No infomation regarding the outcome of the review will be given out by the Department of Art & Art History prior the mailing of the formal acceptance or denial letters. Please do not contact us for early results. Letters of acceptance or denail will be mailed after the reviews are concluded
If you have questions please contact Elizabeth Quintana or Robert Chiarito.
Step 2 - Apply for Admissions to San José State University
Application instructions, deadline information, online admissions application for Domestic (US) Students and a downloadable admission application for International Students can be found at: http://www.sjsu.edu/gape/.
Domestic (US) and International Students
San José State University application deadlines are earlier than the Department of Art & Art History Graduate Program deadlines. Coursework must begin within the following two semesters to retain your eligibility. Online application through CSU Mentor is available at: http://www.csumentor.edu/admissionapp/grad_apply.asp