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By Debbie Lithgow, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension Master Gardener, Denver County
Trying to save money on grass seed is a decision that could haunt you the rest of your mowing days.
This is the time of year for seeding, over-seeding and repairing bare patches in lawns, but be particular about the turf seed you buy. High quality seed will reward you for years to come and will make the difference between a beautiful and a ho-hum lawn. The quality of seed you buy also determines whether your lawn is easy to maintain or a weedy nightmare.
Your first decision is whether to seed bluegrass, tall fescue or buffalograss. Let's say you've decided to go with Kentucky bluegrass, which is the most frequently used lawn grass in the Denver metro area. Your next decision is whether to plant one variety or a blend of bluegrass varieties. When it comes to Kentucky bluegrass, more than 100 cultivars (cultivated varieties) are available.
Single cultivar bluegrass lawns are not recommended This genetically uniform monoculture lends itself to a big risk of insect and disease damage. Just as farmers are urged to diversify their crops, so should homeowners blend different cultivars of bluegrass together. This creates a lawn that's high in quality and one with greater resistance to problems.
Bluegrass seed labels list "types," such as Mid-Atlantic types or Aggressive types. Then, the label tells you what percentage of each type is included in the mix. Note that the exact variety (cultivar) that makes up the type need not be listed. Better products, however, do list varieties by name. The percentage of noxious weed and other weed seed content also must be listed. Good quality products contain zero noxious weed and nearly zero weed seed percentages.
A good turf blend should contain the following types of Kentucky bluegrass:
5% Aggressive types - Varieties include Limousine, Touchdown, Mystic, A-34, Princeton 104.
10-20% Mid-Atlantic types - Varieties are Livingston, Wabash, Huntsville, SR 2000.
10-20% BVMG types - Look for Baron, Victa, Merit, Nassau and Gnome.
10-20% Northern Latitude types - Eclipse, Glade, Midnight, America, Able 1 and Alpine varieties.
10-20% Bellevue types - Varieties are Banff, Classic, Parade, Columbia, Georgetown and Liberty.
10-20% Other types - Adelphi, Aspen, Liberty, Challenger, Nustar and Washington varieties.
While it may not seem worthwhile to hunt down a quality mix to repair a few bare patches, it certainly is if you are seeding an entire lawn. In buying seed, it is buyer beware, based on reading seed labels.
Finally, pay particular attention to soil preparation. Your good quality seed will be wasted if you don't prepare your soil thoroughly. In fact, poor soil preparation is the biggest reason for lawn establishment failure in Colorado. Till in a minimum of four cubic yards of organic material, such as compost or manure, per 1,000 square feet of area.
Photograph courtesy of Judy Sedbrook.
Contact Us | Disclaimer | Equal Opportunity
© CSU/Denver County Extension Master Gardener 2010
888 E. Iliff Avenue, Denver, CO 80210
(720) 913-5278
E-Mail: email@example.com
Date last revised: 01/05/2010


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GV Now
Grand Valley welcomes all to new library Open House
Posted on September 05, 2013
A Community Open House of the Mary Idema Pew Library Learning and Information Commons is planned to showcase the newest facility at Grand Valley State University's Allendale Campus.
Already gaining national recognition as an innovative model for 21st Century learning, the new library will be open to the public on Saturday, September 7 from 1-5 p.m.
This family-friendly event will include self-guided tours in the library, a jazz musician, magic shows, a scavenger hunt and refreshments.
"Librarians from other universities across the state have said we have the best academic library in the country," said University Libraries Dean Lee Van Orsdel. "National recognition is mounting because the facility is clearly about the students and how Grand Valley can help them build the skills they need to flourish while they're here and long after they have gone out into the world to make it a better place."
The Mary Idema Pew Library is located at the intersection of Campus Drive and West Campus Drive near the Cook Carillon Tower. GVSU Route 50 Campus Connector bus service has been extended to run every 15-20 minutes between noon and 6 p.m. on September 7.
For more information, including parking and directions, visit: www.gvsu.edu/libraryopening
Library visitors can stay on campus for the GVSU football season opener at 7 p.m. against Azusa Pacific. Football ticket information can be found at www.gvsulakers.com

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
YesStyle.com ships to the United States.
Get your daily dose of style vitamins with Orange Style's combination of separates for a look that says smart and sophisticated, in the workplace and after hours. Their tops, skirts and trousers as well as jackets and shoes flatter your professional persona. Orange Style was established in South Korea in 2004.


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CNJ staff photo: Liliana Castillo Junior quarterback Wes Wood is forced out of bounds on a by defensive back Linvel Mosby during the first quarter of Saturday's Green & Silver game at Greyhound Stadium.
Dave Wagner
BLACKWATER DRAW — Mark Ribaudo says he's happy with the progress his Eastern New Mexico University football team has shown during spring drills.
To keep it that way, he decided to cut Saturday's Green & Silver game at Greyhound Stadium a little short.
The first quarter went 12 minutes as scheduled, but the last three were cut to eight minutes each and the fourth quarter ended when the Silver squad scored with 2:09 left in a 35-26 loss to the Green.
Ribaudo said he simply didn't want to push it anymore, especially with only about a half-dozen offensive linemen healthy enough to play. And the Hounds lost starting free safety Curtis Jackson to a broken ankle during Friday night's practice at the stadium.
"We saw a lot of good things, starting off with the kicking game," Ribaudo said. "I think Taylor (Cannon) averaged around 40 yards on punts, and Michael (Cottingham) busted a (52-yard) field goal and had some great kickoffs."
The Green contingent, featuring primarily the No. 2 offense and No. 1 defense, had the better of it statistically, for what it's worth. Freshman quarterback Sawyer Cornelius threw for four touchdowns and nearly 300 yards.
Clovis High grad Stefan Mills added a 27-yard TD run for the Green in the third quarter.
"It was a lot of fun," said Cornelius, who played at Class 2A Bushland High School near Amarillo and backed up starter Wes Wood last season. "I was nervous coming into it; I didn't know what to expect, but I thought it was just a good spring game."
One of his TD tosses was a 7-yarder to Texico's Seth Bailey, coming late in the first half after the Green ran a flea-flicker on the previous play with Bailey throwing a 75-yard completion to Michael Matthews. Cornelius also hit Fort Sumner junior-to-be Berry Stinnett on a 79-yard pass play for the game's first tally.
Cornelius knows his work is cut out behind Wood, who will be a junior and is coming off a productive season in ENMU's "Air Raid" offense. Still, he said he's making progress.
"I feel like I'm improving," Cornelius said. "Coming in from high school, the biggest thing is the mental speed of the game — just knowing where to go before a play opens up.
"Wes is one of my best friends here — he is my best friend here. The position couldn't be (in the hands of) a better person."
His one major mistake came when Silver defensive end Tyler Wencka stepped in front of a swing pass late in the third quarter and returned it 20 yards for a touchdown.
Wencka, a 6-foot-4, 210-pounder from San Antonio who also had two second-half sacks of Cornelius, said it was his first touchdown at any level.
"I thought, 'He's not going to throw it,'" Wencka said. "It was my first pick (interception), the first touchdown in my life. I was (feeling) like it was in slow motion."
Wencka, a backup last fall, is hoping to challenge for a starting spot next season. He, too, thinks spring drills have been good to him.
"I think I've improved a lot from last year," he said. "Today, I set a goal to have a good spring game, and I actually had one."
The players said they were happy to get out in a game situation for the first time in nearly six months.
"Finally, we got to play in like a game setting, with a clock," Wencka said. "In our other scrimmages, you never really got that game feeling."
The Green defense was effective much of the day in containing the potent Hounds attack. Wood broke a 69-yard run on a scramble late in the third quarter for the Silver's first TD.
"They (No. 1 offense) started making things happen late in the game, especially with Wes scrambling," Ribaudo said. "I was really happy. Nobody got hurt (during the scrimmage), everybody played hard and everybody played with a lot of enthusiasm."
The Hounds have a final spring practice on tap for Tuesday.


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Former NFL star-turned-prison inmate O.J. Simpson was recently caught stealing cookies from his prison cafeteria.
According to Fox News, guards at the Nevada prison where Simpson is currently serving time for an armed robbery conviction caught the 66-year-old with a stash of oatmeal cookies beneath his shirt, as he walked from the cafeteria to his cell. He was not punished for the theft, though he was likely embarrassed.
Simpson has struggled with his weight in recent years and has also developed diabetes.


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Amanda Knox vs. Casey Anthony Who'd You Rather?
10/3/2011 1:00 PM PDT BY Johnny Lopez
Amanda Knox was just found not guilty of the murder of her college roommate, while Casey Anthony was acquitted for the murder of her daughter earlier this year.
Question is ...
More Who'd You Rather?


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The right education reformMarch 25,2014
Im no rocket surgeon, but I have spent much of my life either as a student, a teacher or a father paying for an education for my son. This
qualifies me to have an informed opinion, but I have found that my perspective is not the most commonly expressed about education. I just want to try to keep it real.
One research study found that it is nearly impossible to assess the quality of education within any country
using standard metrics common to that country. This is based on the idea that education is one of those topics that is nearly impossible to evaluate without injecting the bias of politics, national pride, money or other self-interests that will skew the results, making the metrics considerably less than objective. An objective, third-party assessment is necessary to allow comparisons of a variety of parameters across the entire spectrum of the educational system. The National Center for Education Statistics calls the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study the most extensive and far reaching cross-national comparative study of mathematics and science education ever attempted.
Measuring education is like asking a politician for an honest answer. What you get back may be technically correct, but you can bet it is a carefully crafted answer that probably is not what you think it is. Getting a truly objective analysis of education is easier if the data collected are kept as simple as possible without caveats and exceptions. For instance, educational efficiency could be defined as the score on an international standardized test, like the TIMSS. Educational productivity is the ratio of student performance to spending.
We in Vermont and in the entire U.S. educational system, in general, achieve a lower score in these areas than you might expect based on the rhetoric and self-backslapping of recent news stories. This is largely a response to the No Child Left Behind federal initiative that has mandated nonstop improvement in efficiency and productivity. Many schools accomplish steady improvement by constantly lowering the standards on local and national tests, but the true result is evident in tests like the TIMSS.
The following is a collection of determinations and conclusions derived from the analysis of international tests and related sociological data focusing on educational efficiency and productivity:
Studies of TIMSS data found that in science, American fourth-graders outperformed all other countries except South Korea and scored above the international average in mathematics. However, by eighth grade, U.S. students barely scored above the international average in science, and in math they could only outperform a handful of nations. Scores for 12th-graders were dismal. In mathematics, the students could outperform only two nations Cyprus and South Africa and in physics, they finished dead last.
Analysis showed that our system has the unique concept of middle school as the culmination of elementary school. The result is that kids in middle school are just expected to continue elementary math and science. In other countries, middle school students move into the formal disciplines of algebra, geometry, physics and chemistry. There is a shift there that we dont make. It is in middle school that American students fall behind their peers in other countries. They fall farther behind in high school and never make up that deficit.
Another unique aspect of American education is the degree of involvement of the teachers unions. The aim of any union is to promote the interests of its members and to defend them against the interests of other groups. They can also exert collective bargaining power. The unions, therefore, will focus on the interests that are not advanced by other interest groups mainly, increasing teachers pay and decreasing their workload. In doing so, they advance the interest of the median teacher, favoring a leveling of salary scales instead of differentiation by merit.
Harvard University economist Caroline Hoxbys research has shown that teacher unionization helps explain why schools can perform worse when given more resources. Hoxby found that unions act to increase school resources but reduce the productivity with which these resources are used. The cumulative effect is a reduction in school productivity (the ratio of student performance to spending). Specifically, in schools where unions had a lot of influence over the curriculum, students performed 32 points worse in math, 18 points lower in science.
By contrast, in schools in which teachers act individually; apply their deep, personal knowledge of the students needs; have an influence on the curriculum; and are able to influence the choice of their specific textbooks, the students performed 12 points better in math, 11 points in science.
Numerous domestic and international studies have repeatedly shown that increasing salaries, equipment, facilities and teaching aids have only a marginal effect on student grades despite the demands and claims by the teachers unions to the contrary, these areas of expense have consistently shown up as the most expensive portion of the total educational costs while producing the least impact on educational efficiency and effectiveness. There are, however, cost-cutting measures that consistently do not affect student performance:
1. Although costs increase with school size, the economy of scale yields increasing savings up to about 1,500 students per school. Below 750, cost savings are negligible. The ideal mix has been shown repeatedly to be larger school districts and smaller schools.
2. Studies also show that administrative costs are the one expense variable that does not have any direct proportional link to student performance. Excluding daily operational management of school activities, most other administrative functions have benefited significantly from technology and consolidated or shared resources, resulting in substantially lower costs. These technologies include: centralized student accounting; centralized teacher accounting including payroll; consolidated financial management; synergistic collaboration through networking; shared lessons learned and improvement feedback; student-teacher and teacher-parent networking; online textbooks, lesson plans and help files; and carefully managed and controlled wireless networks on school campuses.
Producing a 21st-century educational system does not mean we have to adopt the latest technology or the latest fad teaching remedy. We dont need to be spending more per student than any other state in the United States which we are now doing. We need to look at what has been proven to work and then be smart enough to use it.
Tom Watkins lives in Montpelier. He can be reached at email@example.com IN CommentarySure, you can buy your uncle a necktie that he wont wear, or your niece an Amazon certificate... Full StoryFor the past month, I have been watching close friends and family descending into a pit of... Full StoryAdjusting to snow, sleet and cold after spending over a month in an exponentially warmer climate ... Full Story
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Music streaming service LINE MUSIC to start today
Today, LINE launched a flat-rate music streaming service called LINE MUSIC.
LINE MUSIC is the same kind of service as Apple Music. It offers over 1.5 million songs through its Android or iOS application including J-POP, international music, newly-released songs, classical music, anime, vocaloid and so on. The number of songs is planned to be increased to up to 30 million by 2016.


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Choose the period
Today, I confessed to my girlfriend that I cheated on her. She told me that she needed time to think, and left. An hour later, her dad came by with a baseball bat. FML
by Anonymous / 05/28/2013 at 12:51pm / United States (Missouri) / Love
Today, after months of being pestered to do so, I finally read the first Harry Potter book. I hated it. Upon hearing this, my girlfriend posted the fact on Facebook, where I immediately received tons of abuse and eventual shunning by my friends, family, and coworkers. My girlfriend just laughed. FML
by obnum / 05/24/2013 at 8:26am / United States (New York) / Miscellaneous
Today, I caught my 14-year-old daughter stealing alcohol from me. After berating her for half-an-hour I finally said, "At least you're not doing drugs." She gave me a guilty smile and sheepishly said, "At least I'm not a prostitute?" FML
by prostitott / 05/04/2013 at 3:22am / Kids
Today, I had to eat up a few specks of toilet paper to avoid spoiling "the moment" with my girlfriend. FML
by Anonymous / 05/29/2013 at 3:17am / United Kingdom (London, City of) / Intimacy
Today, whilst driving past a cyclist, I thought it would be funny to make him jump by blasting my horn right behind him and then driving off. I guess he thought it would be funny to catch up with me, yank off my wing-mirror, and hurl it through the open window at my face. FML
by faitoh / 05/23/2013 at 6:00pm / United Kingdom (Lisburn) / Transportation
Today, I learned that binding my stomach with duct tape isn't worth it to look thin. I also learned the even worse part when I shrieked more loudly than I should've when I tried to discreetly rip it off in history class. FML
by QueenOrangeSoda / 05/01/2013 at 5:33pm / United States (Nevada) / Health
Today, my little brothers wouldn't stop teasing me over the fact that I'm a virgin and they are not. They are 13 and 16, I'm 22. What's worse? My dad quickly joined them. FML
by lamsolonely / 05/12/2013 at 12:35am / United States / Miscellaneous
Today, it was my wedding. Every good wedding has slutty wedding sex, and I thought it would be over after my cousin and his girlfriend were caught in the parking lot. I was wrong, the sluttiest wedding sex goes to my drunk husband and sister in the coat room. FML
by lizzie / 05/25/2013 at 2:55am / Canada (Alberta) / Love
Today, I found out that my wife is having an affair with the same guy my ex-wife left me for. FML
by Anonymous / 05/06/2013 at 2:13pm / Ireland (Donegal) / Love
Today, I found out I'm actually the uncle of my children. All four of them. FML
by Liferuinedforever / 05/14/2013 at 3:13am / Pakistan (Sindh) / Kids
Today, while at hospital with a broken arm, I was asked to raise my hand onto the x-ray machine. I told the nurse I couldn't move it without extreme pain. She told me to suck it up, picked up my arm, and dropped it on the machine. I could feel the bone completely separate. FML
by mackmackey / 05/18/2013 at 7:15pm / United States (Arizona) / Health
Today, I borrowed my boyfriend's laptop. Out of curiosity, I clicked through the bookmarks in his web browser. One of them took me to a site dedicated to sex stories featuring characters from My Little Pony. FML
by bestiality? do I look like a pig? / 05/26/2013 at 4:50pm / Australia (Queensland) / Miscellaneous
Today, I walked in on my sister masturbating with my curling iron. FML
by need € for new iron / 05/16/2013 at 3:49pm / Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) / Intimacy


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49 CFR Ch. X
[STB Ex Parte No. 536 (Sub-No. 31)]
Semiannual Regulatory Agenda
AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board.
ACTION: Semiannual regulatory agenda.
SUMMARY: The Surface Transportation Board (the Board), in accordance with the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, is publishing a semiannual agenda of: (1) Current and projected rulemakings; and (2) existing regulations being reviewed to determine whether to propose modifications through rulemaking. Listed below are the regulatory actions to be developed or reviewed during the next 12 months. Following each rule identified is a brief description of the rule, including its purpose and legal basis.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: A contact person is identified for each of the rules listed below.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq. (RFA), sets forth a number of requirements for agency rulemaking. Among other things, the RFA requires that, semiannually, each agency shall publish in the Federal Register a regulatory flexibility agenda, which shall contain:
(1) A brief description of the subject area of any rule that the agency expects to propose or promulgate, which is likely to have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities;
(2) A summary of the nature of any such rule under consideration for each subject area listed in the agenda pursuant to paragraph (1), the objectives and legal basis for the issuance of the rule, and an approximate schedule for completing action on any rule for which the agency has issued a general notice of proposed rulemaking; and
(3) The name and telephone number of an agency official knowledgeable concerning the items listed in paragraph (1).
Accordingly, a list of proceedings appears below containing information about subject areas in which the Board is currently conducting rulemaking proceedings or may institute such proceedings in the near future. It also contains information about existing regulations being reviewed to determine whether to propose modifications through rulemaking.
The agenda represents the Board's best estimate of rules that will be considered over the next 12 months. However, section 602(d) of the RFA, 5 U.S.C. 602(d), provides: "Nothing in [section 602] precludes an agency from considering or acting on any matter not included in a regulatory flexibility agenda or requires an agency to consider or act on any matter listed in such agenda."
The Board is publishing its fall 2011 regulatory flexibility agenda as part of the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions (Unified Agenda). The Unified Agenda is coordinated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), pursuant to Executive Order 12866. The Board is participating in the program voluntarily to assist OMB.
Dated: September 9, 2011.
By the Board, Chairman Elliott, Vice Chairman Begeman, and Commissioner Mulvey.
NAME: Andrea L. Pope-Matheson,
Clearance Clerk.


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You purchased this item onView this order
Nature's Way, Sambucus, Standardized Elderberry, Sugar-Free, 8 fl oz (240 ml)
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
- Loyalty credit is equal to 10% of the value of your order, excluding shipping charges.
- Your loyalty credit will be applied towards your next order as soon as your current order has shipped.
- Your loyalty credits are valid for up to 60 days from the date of your last purchase.
This product is already in your Wish List.
View Wish List
This product is now in your Wish List.
Expiration Date:?Oct 2018Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?0.95 lbs (0.43 kg)Shipping WeightThe Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: NWY-15331
- UPC Code: 033674153314
- Package Quantity: 8 fl oz (240 ml)
- Dimensions: 6.5 x 2.4 x 2.4 in, 0.8 lbs (0.36 kg)
|Combo Discount:
|- $3.00
- Not a Low Calorie Food
- Kosher
- Great Tasting
- Bioavailable Extract with Flavonoid BioActives
- Elderberry Syrup
- Dietary Supplement
- Gluten-Free
- Kosher Certified
- No Artificial Preservatives
- Delicious Taste
- For Children & Adults
- Dosage Cup Included
About Black Elderberry
For centuries the dark berries of European black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) have been traditionally used as a winter remedy.
Premium Elderberries
- Made from a unique cultivar of black elderberries with a higher level of naturally-occurring flavonoids
Standardized BioActives
- Full-spectrum black elderberry extract standardized to anthocyanins, which are potent flavonoid BioActives
- Produced with a gentle, solvent-free extraction method that ensures maximum flavonoid potency
Tested for Bioavailability
- Our elderberry extract has been tested for bioavailability and activity within the body
Suggested Use
For Daily Maintenance:
Adults: Take 2 teaspoons (10 mL) daily.
Children: Take 1 teaspoon (5 mL) daily.
For Intensive Use:
Adults: Take 2 teaspoons (10 mL) four times daily.
Children: Take 1 teaspoon (5 ml) four times daily.
Other Ingredients
Sorbitol, purified water, vegetable-source glycerin, natural raspberry flavor with other natural flavors, citric acid.
Safety sealed with printed outer shrink-band and printed inner seal. Do not use if either seal is broken or missing. Keep out of reach of children. To preserve quality and freshness keep tightly sealed in a cool, dry place.
|Supplement Facts
|Serving Size: 2 Teaspoons (10 mL)
|Servings Per Container: 24
|Amount Per Serving
|Total Carbohydrate
|8 g
|Black Elderberry (berry)
Extract standardized to BioActives
from 6.4 g (6,400 mg) of premium
cultivar elderberries
|100 mg
|†Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. **Daily Value (DV) not established.
Too bad this is in a plastic bottle. I don't wasn't to ingest plastic leeching out into an extract. I am a grad student and have read too much about plastic and its properties. An extract meant to enhance your health should not be placed into a plastic bottle that would likely have the opposite effects on your health.
Before i started giving this to my kid i never thought i'd find an immunity stimulating product to actually work. Well this one (and the other ones by the same company) proved me so wrong. By this time last winter my daughter had been ill 3-4 times already. This winter - once and it was not serious. Highly recommend!!!
Almost 1 year
Posted by 5524184075577292100 on May 29, 2016
Every morning our family has taken this elderberry for one year.
great feature
Posted by 4872468497579699766 on May 18, 2016
first time to try. taste like coughing syrup as it's sugar free. less cough after taking it.
Great home remedy for cold seasons
Posted by 5331064686269390733 on Feb 05, 2016
I get this for kids every winter. I would say it defintely helps prevent the common cold before it kicks in.
Goody taste and effective!
Posted by 5541799283009045445 on Aug 05, 2015
I gave it to my kid who falls sick quite often. She was having all symptoms of a flu past week and she managed to fight it out on her own. Best of all, she loved the taste!
My go-to syrup
Posted by 5045276540104252891 on Mar 09, 2015
I reach for Sambucus at the first sign of a cold and it seems to minimize the length and severity.


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Chamber annual meeting puts Millenials into focusFebruary 04,2013
The Central Vermont Chamber of Commerce elected a new leadership team Thursday morning, and then gained powerful insights into the attitudes of more distant leaders, the Millennials or NextGen.
Susan Kruthers of Central Vermont Medical Center was installed as chairwoman of the Chamber board of directors, succeeding Steve Gilman of rbTechnologies after two years at the helm.
Gilman said he enjoyed the opportunity to work for the betterment of the local economy and was pleased the Chamber introduced new recruiting tools, had the highest membership growth since the economic crash, successfully opposed new local option taxes, and continued its support of a regional public safety initiative.
He said a new shop local effort involving 90 area businesses has great potential.
The retiring board chairman credited his officers and directors and individually thanked those leaving the board: Tim Ross, Nancy Zorn, Mike Donovan and former board chairman, Robert Lord, Jr.
The membership re-elected Leslie Sanborn to the board, as well as newcomers Curtis Ostler of Norwich University, Byron Atwood of DMS Machining & Fabrication, Gary Hass of The World, and Jim Breer of Better Home Inspections.
Ostler also led the presentation NextGen: Understanding and engaging new generations of people and technology, tapping the founder of Local 64, a partner in Cornerstone Pub & Kitchen, and a Norwich cadet lieutenant colonel for additional perspective.
Essentially, those who think todays youth are in a world all their own are correct, Ostler explained. They have grown up with technology that earlier generations are struggling to understand or are simply ignoring.
The smartphones they carry have access to more information than the FBI did during President Clintons administration, and they communicate better worldwide than General Norman Schwarzkopf could during the Gulf War.
Ostler said those born after 1985, the Millennials, are confident, upbeat, self-expressive, open to change and connected to each other and to the world in ways previous generations could not imagine.
He noted that the Internet and social media have no boundaries. Posted information is immediately available worldwide, instantaneously. The spread of information fuels the pace of change.
Keith Paxman, co-owner of Cornerstone Pub & Kitchen, posted messages on Facebook describing the soon-to-be business and sharing its logo. It had 1,500 followers before Cornerstone opened its doors.
Reacting to his descriptions of what was to come and expressing their own desires, Facebook friends helped guide the pub more heavily toward restaurant. The business changed before it even opened, Paxman said.
The pace of social change is also accelerating. A century ago, women couldnt vote. A few decades ago, womens basketball was played by different rules than mens basketball.
Today, women will enter the front lines of combat. Cadet Lt. Colonel Emily Baugus said male officers under her command never questioned her leadership. Captain of the womens rugby team, Baugus is pursuing a degree in construction engineering management and expects to serve as a helicopter pilot. One of her friends is preparing to pilot fighter jets.
Times have changed. First came the telecommute. Then came work anywhere. That has now been followed by working together independently, according to Lars Hasselblad Torres, the man behind Local 64, which is a membership-driven co-working space in Montpelier. Hasselblad Torres said work-at-home people, independent contractors, and creative spirits need local interaction to exchange ideas, make connections, and share experiences.
That evolution barely spans 20 years. Businesses that dont connect with Millennials will lose remarkably resourceful employees and will fail to reach a huge and growing customer base.
Operating without using the Web or social media is like running a business without a telephone.
If you will not, or cannot [utilize new technologies], hire someone who can! Ostler said.
The presentation was extremely well received by more than 120 business and community leaders attending the meeting at the Capitol Plaza Hotel & Conference Center. Ostler and his co-presenters graciously remained following the meeting, taking individual questions for an additional 20 minutes.
George Malek is executive director of the Central Vermont Chamber of Commerce.MORE IN World/National BusinessWASHINGTON Long-term U.S. Full StoryNEW YORK Its not just the musical Hairspray that will air live on NBC tonight. Full StoryOXON HILL, Md. Far from the Las Vegas Strip, MGM Resorts International opens its $1. Full Story
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By Helena Rodriguez: Freedom Newspapers
Every July, a sometimes empty schoolhouse on Sheldon Street in Clovis becomes busy as children from South Texas and surrounding areas migrate here with their families and attend preschool while their parents harvest crops.
The Texas Migrant Council (TMC) Head Start offers a unique and fast-paced preschool program from July to November. The program, which accepts children from infants up to kindergarten age, is designed to accommodate the mobile lifestyle and needs of children of migrant farm workers.
"People come to Clovis to harvest cotton, pecans, corn, peanuts, potatoes and, believe it or not, even Christmas trees," said the center's manager Susie Aragon. "A lot of our children come from the Uvalde and Laredo, Texas, areas, but in August, we usually get families from Granada, Colo., who work on pumpkin harvests."
The TMC Head Start currently has two slots open in its infant program and several in its preschool program for 3- to 5-year-olds.
Babies must be at least four weeks old and all children should belong to a migrant family. By definition, that is "a family who travels as a unit from one geological location to another and has moved at least once in the past 24 months."
According to Aragon, with the children coming and going, it can be a challenge to teach them traditional preschool lessons so they learn fine motor, gross motor, cognitive and social skills.
However, she said a plus of the program is that many continue on in migrant Head Start programs when their families move back to their hometowns for the winter. Another plus, particularly for the Clovis program, is that some staff members, who are also classified as migrant workers, spend half the year working in Laredo and Uvalde and half the year in Clovis, so the children see familiar faces when they go back to their home-based Head Start programs. In addition, the Uvalde program uses the same curriculum, so children can pick up where they left off in Clovis.
Tiffany Segura is a teacher's aide for Head Start. She teaches in Clovis every July and goes back in the winter to work at Head Start at Uvalde, while also taking classes there at Southwest Texas Junior College. TMC is a part of the No Child Left Behind program, and Head Start teachers are required to earn associate's degrees, which is what she is doing.
In addition, her parents, Ricardo and Thelma Gonzales, also work for Head Start, spending part of the year in Clovis and part at Uvalde, he as a bus driver and janitor and she as a cook.
"Wherever the migrant children live, we live too. We are like migrants ourselves," said Segura, who has been with TMC for four years.
Segura leads children in structured activities in science, math, reading, writing, music and outdoor play. Since many of the migrant families live in motels, the Head Start facility is the only playground area for the children.
Aragon said she has a heart for migrant children because she worked in the fields as a child with her family until she finished school.
"They are hard-working people and, yes, they are probably doing some jobs that other people may not want to do," she said.
Aragon said they go at a fast pace since time with the children is limited. Also, she said during peak harvest times, they extend their normal hours of 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. to 6 p.m.
TMC also has centers in the Texas cities of Plainview, Hereford, Lubbock, Floydada and Muleshoe, as well as centers in Oklahoma, Nevada, Indiana and Ohio. Children also come to the Clovis program from Portales and Farwell.


text:
A staff of North Texas High school football coaches have been accused of bullying after their team beat a rival school 91-0.
The Aledo Bearcats, who have had an undefeated season so far this year, are known for overwhelming victories. But one parent of player from an opposing team has claimed that the 91-point win constitutes bullying, reports NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth.
Head coach Tim Buchanan said he took measures to slow down the spread. Among other things, he began to put substitute players into the game during the first quarter. But some parents thought he could have made more of an effort to keep the score down, or even quit competing after a certain point. "To go out and tell your kids, 'No, I don't want you to play hard, because we're ahead,' that's against every fundamental coaching strategy that you have," Buchanan told NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth.
The Aledo Independent School District is legally required to investigate the complaint against its football coaching staff. Superintendent Derek Citty said his district will take the complaint just as seriously as it would a complaint that a group of students within the district is picking on a classmate.


text:
Town hall pensions deficit increases to £50bn
The shortfall in the £178 billion Local Government Pension Scheme in England and Wales, which covers council staff such as cleaners, care workers, clerical staff and librarians, has increased in cash terms to £50 billion, according to the most comprehensive recent analysis of its finances.
A Mercer analysis of 80 of the 89 funds in England and Wales estimates an average funding level of around 78%. If applied to all funds, that would mean a liability of £228 billion backed by assets of £178 billion. The figure is dated March 2013, the last valuation date for the component funds. At the previous three-yearly valuation, in 2010, the deficit was put at £38 billion.
However, the report makes clear the scheme's sensitivity to interest rates, which are being held at rock bottom levels by the Bank of England.
A rise of only half a per cent in the market's current expectations of future bond yields – which are driven by rates – could improve town halls' pension finances by about £18 billion.
The deficit increase also masks the fact that the solvency level has remained almost the same during the three years, at 78%. Both assets and liabilities increased exactly in line with each other in percentage terms.
Jo Holden, a partner and head of the local authority investment business at Mercer, said: "We have continued to rely on growth assets and active management and this has done relatively well."
A spokesman for the Department for Communities and Local Government said: "Early indications from the 2013 valuation are that the total scheme deficit is in the order suggested by Mercer, and at a similar level to the 2010 valuation results. That is why the Department has taken steps to reduce costs."
The government has embarked upon several recent cost-cutting initiatives at the LGPS, with the aim of tackling the shortfall. Most significantly, it introduced new rules earlier this year that will shift the pensions it pays out in future from ones based on members' final salaries, to ones based on members' average salaries throughout their careers.
And earlier this month, it proposed new measures to cut the scheme's investment costs, including shifting more money to index-tracking funds, which could save up to £790 million a year.
But Holden pointed out that interest rates, and their effect on bond markets, are one of the most significant factors affecting the deficit. Speaking to council pensions officials at the NAPF Local Authority conference last week, she said: "The key point is that we are expecting rises in interest rates, and we may have already taken credit for these happening when calculating funding levels.
"So if yields rise more slowly than we expect in the next few years, we might not get the improvements in funding levels that we expect."
Pension schemes can protect themselves against rates and inflation, to a certain extent, by buying index-linked gilts. Holden said: "So: should we all just buy index-linked gilts? Well, I would say that you need to make an informed decision, and not just assume that gilts are simply too expensive right now.
"If your growth strategy makes excess returns for a sustained period, think about 'banking that' [by moving money into inflation-protected assets like linkers]. And you can get inflation-protection without sacrificing returns. Should you look at infrastructure, and other real assets? Totally – although you should be aware that real assets will not give you any explicit protection against real yields falling, particularly in the shorter term."
Mercer's analysis refers to the 89 funds in England and Wales only. There are another 11 in Scotland and one covering Northern Ireland, whose finances are handled separately by devolved administrations in those regions.


text:
|Radio Software
The Butel ARC8200V2 Software CD is sophisticated software for the AR8200 and AR8600 series. And ARC8200V2 is not just a manager for your memory/search banks and auto-mode band plan it also includes a professional spectrum analyzer applications and some other useful tools. And it is the first package that includes traffic analysis tools only found in expensive software!
Copyright 2013 Universal Radio, Inc.


text:
Stop now
almost ended my neighbour
never got along with the fat cunt anyway, he's always been a jelly miserable cunt
anyways, was leaving my house as he was, he drives off, stops outside my house, gives me the finger then drives off!
so I wait. he returns. I jump out, go over to his car and pull his fat ass out the door. Whilst hes on the floor I ask him to swear at me again, cunt starts denying everything like a bitch
other neighbours came out and pull me off him before I get to wail on him
I may kick his door down an strangle him in his sleep tonight
so angry
not pinning today
Stop now
Dude it's over. Plus he sounds like the type of ass hole who's gonna try to turn it around on you like he didn't antagonize you. Avoid that cunt at all cost. And if anything, use only words carefully chosen, always boil down to he's not worth your thought process. Ignore that fucker at all costs.
Or be the human being in the situation. Apologize for your own action and leave it at that. Wasted thoughts you never get back.
Uncle - Z Sponsored Athlete
He deserved it but I feel yah brother I flipped out the other day over really nothing and was awake all night thinking about it. I dont like acting like that no matter what the situation. when your on the outside looking in it all seems retarded and petty when some one is yelling and causing a big scene and physical fighting IMO as an adult should be self defense...but i have my buttons just like everyone else.... my wife is one of them. I will get in a fight if some one touches her.
All characters appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.
man thanks for all the advise, you guys have really calmed me down
and Im gonna work hard to stay that way : )
And when you apologize give him a twinkie
And a double bi flex😄
Uncle - Z Sponsored Athlete
Glad your calming down.
I'd go over and apologise for losing your cool. But I'd also say, "you know you flipped me off to mess with me. I dont appreciate it. But I'd rather get along with my neighbors. Were in this together and should look out for one another. From now on let's just be respectful. What do you say.
And take it from there.
I'm a big fan of the taser. It doesn't leave a mark..well not really... and they shit themselves at least 60% of the time.
.. i have the same type of problem with a young neighbor, but i have a healthy fear of jail...
Just let it be. Don't say anything else to him.
Act like it never happened and get control of your emotions.
Sent from The Mothership
" A cookie without sugar is just a cracker" ~ ancient voodoo proverb
"A man with infinite patience is never left waiting."~ROID's past incarnation
You know in all reality, you did what had to be done. Passive aggression is a waste of time. Him flipping you off, you flashing your package at him, him throwing feces at your car as you drive by, and staring each other down every day can only last so long. Eventually it had to be dealt with. Confront the situation, call it what it is, and find a resolution. I have had multiple altercations with passive aggressive people, particularly driving, and I'll just keep my cool and call a spade a spade.
I had a military dude follow me into a Wally World and get out of his truck, slam the door, and stomp over to me. I said, "So is this where I get out and kick the shit out of you?" He started bitching and I said "Look, you followed me, and obviously came over here to cause problems. If you'd like, I'll hop out, kick the shit out of you, and drive off. Or you can turn around and get your pussy ass back in your truck and drive home. Your call." That was the end of it.
Go over tomorrow and confront it, and solve the problem.
Negged for not kicking his ass. Btw how do you neg on tapatalk?
OfficerFarva...a hard hittin negger. LOL
this thread needs cawk pics and some kinda poll were cube ends up a mod....
i got similar problems with 2 young blokes, fuckers side step and walk down the other side of the street on foot but will glare me down when they are driving....
Nothing is so common as the wish to be remarkable.... ~ Shakespeare
Try to squash it peacefully. Its not fun living next to someone that wants to kill you.
Use promo Code HIV20 for 20% off!
Wtf is all this bitch talk about calming down? You motherfuckers get your estro checked lately? What next befriend your neighbor?
Smash his face in...theres no way around it. Shit on his front door step and light it on fire, don't be a bitch. This isn't a fucking game...
Btw click on my sig and get yourself an AI, bogo is still going. Code is freebogo, don't spell it differently it won't fucking work. After the bogo you can get a fucking 25% off by using my personal code RS25OFF, thats the letter O not a zero by the way so don't fuck up...
And oh yea....PRAISE BE TO ALLAH!!!


text:
The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Sockets Project reimplements Java's standard
InetAddress classes to work on the JXTA peer-to-peer network, rather than on the standard TCP/IP network. It also includes ports of many popular web packages, such as the Jetty web server, the Apache XML-RPC client and server
libraries, and the Apache Jasper JSP engine, to run on the Peer-to-Peer
Sockets framework.
By the end of this article, you will understand the motivation and
need for the P2P Sockets package, how to configure and set up the P2P
Socket libraries to run on your system, how to create and run P2P
server and client sockets, how to work with the P2P
class, and security issues and limitations in the framework.
The P2P Sockets project is designed for developers interested in:
Returning the end-to-end principle to the Internet.
An alternative peer-to-peer domain name system that bypasses ICANN and Verisign, is completely decentralized, and responds to updates much quicker than standard DNS.
An Internet where everyone can create and consume network services, even if they have a dynamic IP address or no IP address, are behind a Network Address Translation (NAT) device, or blocked by an ISP's firewall.
A Web where every peer can automatically start a web server, host an XML-RPC service, and more, and quickly make these available to other peers.
Easily adding peer-to-peer functionality to Java socket and server socket applications.
Having servlets and Java Server Pages work on a peer-to-peer network for increased reliability, easier maintenance, and exciting new end-user functionality.
Playing with a cool technology.
The P2P Sockets project reimplements the standard
java.net classes on top of the JXTA peer-to-peer network. "Aren't standard TCP/IP sockets and server sockets already peer-to-peer?" some might ask. Standard TCP/IP sockets and server sockets are theoretically peer-to-peer, but in practice are not, due to firewalls, NAT devices, and
political and technical issues with the Domain Name System (DNS). First, many of the peers on the Internet are given dynamic IP addresses through DHCP, shared or filtered IP addresses through NAT devices, or IP addresses that are very
hard to reach due to firewalls. Creating server sockets under such
conditions is either impossible or requires elaborate application-level
ruses to bypass these restrictions. Second, TCP/IP sockets and
server sockets depend on DNS to resolve
human-friendly host names into IP addresses. DNS is theoretically
semi-decentralized, but on an administrative level, it is centralized
under ICANN, an unresponsive, non-innovative organization. Further, standard DNS does not deal well with edge-peers that have filtered or dynamic IP addresses, and updates take too long to
propagate and have no presence information. Developers who wish to create exciting, new applications that extend DNS into new directions, such as storing instant messaging usernames and presence info in DNS, are
stymied by the DNS system's technical and political issues.
Related Reading
JXTA in a Nutshell
JXTA is an open source project that creates a peer-to-peer overlay network that sits on top of TCP/IP. Every peer on the network is given an IP-address-like number, even if they are behind a firewall or don't have a stable IP address. Super-peers on the JXTA network run application-level routers that store special information such as how to reach peers, how to join subgroups of peers, and what content peers are making available. JXTA application-level relays can proxy requests between peers that would not normally be able to communicate due to firewalls or NAT devices. Peers organize themselves into peer groups, which scope all search requests and act as natural security containers. Any peer can publish and create a peer group in a decentralized way, and other peers can search for and discover these peer groups using other super-peers. Peers communicate using pipes, which are very similar to Unix pipes. Pipes abstract the exact way in which two peers communicate, allowing peers to communicate using other peers as intermediaries if they normally would not be able to communicate due to network partitioning.
JXTA is an extremely powerful framework. However, it is not an easy framework to learn, and porting existing software to work on JXTA is not for the faint-of-heart. P2P Sockets effectively hides JXTA by creating a thin illusion that the peer-to-peer network is actually a standard TCP/IP network. If peers wish to become servers, they simply create a P2P server socket with the domain name they want, and the port other peers should use to contact them. P2P clients open socket connections to hosts that are running services on given ports. Hosts can be resolved either by domain name, such as
www.nike.laborpolicy, or by IP address, such as
188.8.131.52. Behind the scenes, these resolve to JXTA primitives, rather than
being resolved through DNS or TCP/IP. For example, the host name
www.nike.laborpolicy is actually the
field of a JXTA peer group advertisement. P2P sockets and server sockets work exactly the
same as normal TCP/IP sockets and server sockets. For the technically inclined and those who already understand JXTA, a table exists illustrating how standard TCP/IP concepts such as host name, IP address, etc., map to their JXTA equivalents.
The benefits of taking this approach are many-fold. First, programmers can easily leverage their knowledge of standard TCP/IP sockets and server sockets to work on the JXTA peer-to-peer network without having to learn about JXTA. Second, all of the P2P Sockets code subclasses standard
java.net objects, such as
java.net.Socket, so existing network applications can quickly be ported to work on a
peer-to-peer network. The P2P Sockets project already includes a
large amount of software ported to use the peer-to-peer network, including a web server (Jetty) that can receive requests and serve
content over the peer-to-peer network; a servlet and JSP engine (Jetty and Jasper) that allows existing servlets and JSPs to serve P2P
clients; an XML-RPC client and server (Apache XML-RPC) for accessing and exposing P2P XML-RPC endpoints; an HTTP/1.1 client (Apache Commons HTTP-Client) that can access P2P web servers; a gateway (Smart Cache) to make it possible for existing browsers to access P2P web sites; and a WikiWiki (JSPWiki)
that can be used to host WikiWikis on your local machine that other peers can access and edit through the P2P network. Even better, all of this software works and looks exactly as it did before being ported. The P2P Sockets abstraction is so strong that porting each of these pieces of software took as little as 30 minutes to several hours. Everything included in the P2P sockets project is open source, mostly under BSD-type licenses, and cross-platform due, to being written in Java.
Because P2P Sockets are based on JXTA, they can easily do things that
ordinary server sockets and sockets can't handle. First, creating server sockets that can fail-over and scale is easy with P2P Sockets. Many different peers can start server sockets for the same host name and port, such as
www.nike.laborpolicy on port
80. When a client opens a P2P socket to
www.nike.laborpolicy on port
80, it will randomly connect to one of the machines that is hosting this port. All of these server peers might be hosting the same web site, for example, making it very easy to partition client requests across different server peers or to recover from losing one server peer. This is analogous to DNS round-robin,
where one host name will resolve to many different IP addresses to help with load balancing. Second, since P2P Sockets don't use the DNS system, host names can
be whatever you wish. You can create your own fanciful endings, such as
www.boobah.cat or
www.cynthia.goddess, or application-specific host names, such as
Brad GNUberg or
Fidget666 for an instant messaging system. Third, the service ports for a given host name can be distributed across many different peers around the world. For example, imagine that you have a virtual host for
www.nike.laborpolicy. One peer could be hosting port
80 to
serve web pages, another could be hosting port
2000 for instant messaging, and a final peer could be hosting port
3000 for peers to subscribe to real-time RSS updates. Hosts now become
decentralized coalitions of peers working together to serve requests.
You must download and install the following software to develop and work with P2P Sockets.
P2P Sockets only works with versions of the JDK after 1.4, because P2P Sockets subclasses
java.net.InetAddress. Prior to 1.4, this class was marked
final and could not be subclassed.
Ant 1.5.3+
Used to both build and run P2P Sockets and extensions such as Jetty and Jasper.
The latest release of the P2P Sockets package.
Install and configure the JDK and Ant, and make sure both are in
your path so they can be run from the command line. Unzip
P2PSockets-1.0-beta1.zip into the top level of your hard drive; spaces are not allowed in the directory names, or the P2P Sockets build files will
not work correctly.
You must also add the JAR file
p2psockets/lib/ant-contrib-0.5.jar to your
On Windows this would look as follows:
set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;c:\p2psockets\lib\ant-contrib-0.5.jar
The P2P Sockets directory already includes two different directories, test/clientpeer and test/serverpeer, that have JXTA configuration information already set up (these are in the hidden directories test/clientpeer/.JXTA and test/serverpeer/.JXTA, respectively). If you want to learn more about how to configure JXTA, read about the JXTA Configurator. The two test peers have already been configured for the worst possible case, which is that you are behind a firewall and a NAT device, which means you must use other intermediate peers to relay your requests; this configuration will work even if you are not under these conditions. One of the nice aspects about JXTA, though, is that this will all be transparent and hidden from you as you program and use the system.
When testing the examples in this tutorial, you must be connected to the Internet. This is for two reasons: first, the examples use a public JXTA server Sun has set up that helps bootstrap peers into the JXTA network; and second, on some operating systems (such as on Windows XP, by default), the network subsystem shuts down if you are not connected to the Internet, preventing client peers and server peers that are running on the same machine from finding or communicating with each other.
Creating a P2P server socket is exactly like creating a normal
// start a server socket for the domain
// "www.nike.laborpolicy" on port 100
java.net.ServerSocket server = new java.net.P2PServerSocket("www.nike.laborpolicy", 100);
This creates a server socket listening for client requests for the
www.nike.laborpolicy on port
100. Under
the covers, the P2PServerSocket code searches for a JXTA peer group
www.nike.laborpolicy. If it finds this peer group, it
joins it; otherwise it creates the group by publishing a JXTA peer group advertisement with the
field formatted in a certain way. This field always has the format
hostname/IP address, such as
www.nike.laborpolicy/22.214.171.124. We search based on host name or IP address on JXTA rendezvous servers by using wildcards, such as
www.nike.laborpolicy/* to search without having to know the IP address, or
*/18.104.22.168 to search for a peer group with the given IP address. Once we have found or created the host's peer group, we then publish a JXTA pipe advertisement into this peer group with the
field set to the port number, such as
After creating this server socket, you can now treat it as an ordinary
in your code, waiting for a client and then retrieving an
InputStream and
from the client and communicating normally:
java.net.Socket client = server.accept();
// now communicate with this client
java.io.DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
java.io.DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
out.writeUTF("Hello client world!");
String results = in.readUTF();
Even though the client looks like a normal
java.net.Socket, it is actually connecting and communicating to your server through the JXTA peer-to-peer network, with requests and responses possibly being relayed by other peers to traverse NATs and network partitions. All of this is hidden from you, however.
Unlike normal server sockets, we need to initialize and sign into our peer-to-peer network. Before you can create the
P2PServerSocket, therefore, you must sign in:
// sign into the peer-to-peer network, using
// the username "serverpeer", the password "serverpeerpassword",
// and create/find a scoped peer-to-peer network named "TestNetwork"
java.net.P2PNetwork.signin("serverpeer", "serverpeerpassword", "TestNetwork");
The first two arguments are the username and password to use when signing into the peer-to-peer network. These are entered by the user when they set up the JXTA Configurator, a Swing dialog (which will pop up the first time you run the JXTA platform) that allows you to configure your peer on the P2P network. In your own application, you might retrieve these values either from the command line or from a GUI. The P2P Sockets package comes preconfigured with two JXTA peers already configured, located in test/clientpeer and test/serverpeer.
The final value (
TestNetwork, in the above example) is a unique name that will be given to your
peer-to-peer network. Different peer-to-peer networks that are based on P2P Sockets can co-exist without knowing about each other. Clients and servers create and resolve their server sockets and sockets in a specific peer-to-peer network. The final value is the name of your own private, application-specific peer-to-peer network.
If you create your server socket in the peer-to-peer network named
TestNetwork while a client signs into another peer-to-peer network named
InstantMessagingNetwork, then they will not be able to find each other or communicate.
Here's what is happening inside of the
P2PNetwork class. When you call the
method, the network string (
TestNetwork in the example given) is hashed into an
peer group ID; this ensures that the application name given is globally unique if we search based on the
peer group ID. We then search for this peer group, and create it if it does not exist. All domain name and IP address resolutions now occur inside of this application peer group. Note that the default JXTA configuration files included in test/clientpeer and test/serverpeer are configured to use the Sun rendezvous servers to bootstrap into the JXTA network; you should configure your own peers differently if you want them to use a different beginning rendezvous server when bootstrapping into the JXTA Net Peer Group.
As a programmer, you will choose your network name to go along with the name of your application or the type of network you are creating, such as
MyApplicationsNetwork or
The final code looks as follows:
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.P2PServerSocket;
import java.net.P2PNetwork;
public class ExampleServerSocket {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
// sign into the peer-to-peer network,
// using the username "serverpeer", the password "serverpeerpassword",
// and create/find a scoped peer-to-peer network named "TestNetwork"
System.out.println("Signing into the P2P network...");
P2PNetwork.signin("serverpeer", "serverpeerpassword", "TestNetwork");
// start a server socket for the domain
// "www.nike.laborpolicy" on port 100
System.out.println("Creating server socket for " + "www.nike.laborpolicy:100...");
ServerSocket server = new P2PServerSocket("www.nike.laborpolicy", 100);
// wait for a client
System.out.println("Waiting for client...");
Socket client = server.accept();
System.out.println("Client Accepted.");
// now communicate with this client
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
out.writeUTF("Hello client world!");
String results = in.readUTF();
System.out.println("Message from client: " + results);
// shut everything down!
catch (Exception e) {
Creating and using a P2P socket to connect to the P2P server socket you created is just as easy.
First, sign into your peer-to-peer network:
// sign into the peer-to-peer network,
// using the username "clientpeer", the password "clientpeerpassword",
// and find the peer-to-peer network named "TestNetwork"
java.net.P2PNetwork.signin("clientpeer", "clientpeerpassword", "TestNetwork");
Next, create your P2P socket with the host name and port to which you want to connect:
// create a socket to connect to the domain
// "www.nike.laborpolicy" on port 100
java.net.Socket socket = new java.net.P2PSocket("www.nike.laborpolicy", 100);
Now you can easily communicate with the server:
// now communicate with this server
java.io.DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
java.io.DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
String results = in.readUTF();
out.writeUTF("Hello server world!");
Here is the full source code for the client:
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.P2PSocket;
import java.net.P2PNetwork;
public class ExampleClientSocket {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
// sign into the peer-to-peer network,
// using the username "clientpeer", the password "clientpeerpassword",
// and find a network named "TestNetwork"
System.out.println("Signing into the P2P network..");
P2PNetwork.signin("clientpeer", "clientpeerpassword", "TestNetwork");
// create a socket to connect to the
// domain "www.nike.laborpolicy" on port 100
System.out.println("Connecting to server socket! at " + "www.nike.laborpolicy:100...");
Socket socket = new P2PSocket("www.nike.laborpolicy", 100);
// now communicate with this server
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
String results = in.readUTF();
System.out.println("Message from server: " + results);
out.writeUTF("Hello server world!");
// shut everything down
catch (Exception e) {
Open two separate shell windows. In both windows, type the following to set some system variables needed by the Ant makefiles (modify the variables below to point to where you have installed P2P Sockets and your JDK, respectively):
set p2psockets_home=c:\p2psockets
set JAVA_HOME=c:\j2sdk1.4.1
In both windows, change to the p2psockets directory where you installed the P2P Sockets package. The example source files are in p2psockets/src/examples and are named ExampleClientSocket.java and ExampleServerSocket.java, respectively. Everything has already been compiled into the p2psockets/dist/examples directory, but if you want to compile them again, enter the following in one of the two shells:
ant clobber build jar
To run the client and server, in one window enter the following to start the example P2P server socket:
ant example-serversocket-run
You should see the following printed in the server peer window:
Buildfile: build.xml
Signing into the P2P network...
Using the application peer group name TestNetwork
Waiting for RendezVous Connection.........
Finished connecting to RendezVous.
Creating server socket for
Waiting for client...
In the other window, enter the following to start the example P2P client socket:
ant example-clientsocket-run
You should see the following printed in the client peer window:
Buildfile: build.xml
Signing into the P2P network..
Using the application peer group name TestNetwork
Waiting for RendezVous Connection......
Finished connecting to RendezVous.
Connecting to server socket at
Message from server: Hello client world!
In the server window, you should now see the following:
Buildfile: build.xml
Signing into the P2P network...
Using the application peer group name TestNetwork
Waiting for RendezVous Connection.........
Finished connecting to RendezVous.
Creating server socket for
Waiting for client...
Client Accepted.
Message from client: Hello server world!
Congratulations! You've just created a simple peer-to-peer network with very little work or extra knowledge needed above understanding basic Java sockets and server sockets.
If you have trouble, ensure that you are connected to the Internet, that you are running Java 1.4+, and that you did not install the P2P Sockets package into a directory with spaces in its name (such as in Program Files/p2psockets). You might also have to delve into the JXTA Configurator if your machine is in an unusual network configuration. If you are attempting to run the client and server P2P socket examples across separate machines that are blocked by NAT devices, you might run into an open bug that P2P Sockets currently has.
By default, the
P2PInetAddress and
P2PServerSocket classes
don't check to make sure a given host name, IP address, or port is taken. The reason for this is so that application developers can use P2P server sockets in unique ways that are not possible with normal sockets. For example, different peers can start up P2P server sockets for the same host name and port in order to provide failover and
scalability. If we were to throw an exception when a server socket was started because the address was already bound, then this possibility would be precluded.
However, methods are provided to check if a given host name, IP address, or port is already taken. These are static methods on the class
java.net.P2PNameService. Examples are shown below:
boolean nameAvailable = P2PNameService.isHostNameTaken("www.nike.laborpolicy");
boolean portAvailable = P2PNameService.isPortTaken("www.nike.laborpolicy", 80);
boolean addressAvailable = P2PNameService.isIPAddressTaken("126.96.36.199");
Use these before creating your P2P server sockets if you want your server to be a unique instance (read the Limitations and Security Concerns section, though, on P2P domain-name spoofing).
You have now learned the bulk of working with P2P sockets and server
sockets. The following sections detail technical information on
how the P2P Sockets package provides full compatibility with standard
TCP/IP sockets and server sockets. You don't necessarily need to
know this information, but should know it if you will be working with
InetAddress class or the Loopback (
or Any (
0.0.0.0) addresses. If you skip these sections, please make sure to read the
section Limitations and Security Concerns at the end of this article.
InetAddress Class
The P2P Sockets package includes an implementation of
java.net.InetAddress that works the same as
and that subclasses it.
The following examples show different ways in which
to create a
P2PInetAddress object.
// Create an InetAddress where we know the host
// name but not the IP address.
// This will not search the network to find the
// corresponding IP address.
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getByAddress("www.nike.laborpolicy", null);
// Create an InetAddress where we know the IP
// address but not the host name.
// This will not search the network to find the
// corresponding host name.
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getByAddress("18.104.22.168", null);
// Create an InetAddress where we know both the
// IP address and the host name.
// No searching will occur on the network
byte ipAddress[] = new byte[4];
ipAddress[0] = 55;
ipAddress[1] = 32;
ipAddress[2] = 77;
ipAddress[3] = 34;
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getByAddress("www.nike.laborpolicy", ipAddress);
// Create an InetAddress object using the hostname.
// The network will be searched for the corresponding IP address
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getByName("www.boobah.cat");
// Create an InetAddress object using the hostname.
// The network will be searched for the corresponding IP address
InetAddress inetAddress[] = P2PInetAddress.getAllByName("www.boobah.cat");
// Create an InetAddress object using the IP address.
// The network will be searched for the corresponding host name
byte ipAddress[] = new byte[4];
ipAddress[0] = 55;
ipAddress[1] = 32;
ipAddress[2] = 77;
ipAddress[3] = 34;
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getByAddress(ipAddress);
// Get the host name and IP address for the local host
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getLocalHost();
Once you have an
P2PInetAddress object, you can treat it like a normal
InetAddress object:
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getByName("www.boobah.cat");
String hostName = inetAddr.getHostName();
String ipAddressString = inetAddr.getHostAddress();
byte ipAddress[] = inetAddr.getAddress();
boolean isLocalhost = inetAddr.isLoopbackAddress();
P2P server sockets have an interesting problem that standard server sockets do not have. Because the P2P Sockets system implements its own simple DNS system, we need a way to create an
for a host name that does not exist yet; we explicitly don't want to search the network to
resolve a given host name into an IP address, or vice versa, because neither of them exist yet. We would then use this
InetAddress object to instantiate a
P2PServerSocket to bind a new host name and
IP address. P2P Sockets currently overloads the standard
getByAddress(String host, byte address[])
method to avoid resolving information that is not given. This is the recommended method to use to generate a
P2PInetAddress object, since contacting the network to resolve the extra information is wasteful and
not really needed. To check to see if a given host name or IP address is already taken, use the methods on the
P2PNameService class, which were detailed in the section above:
InetAddress objects can be used to start P2P sockets or server sockets,
just as in standard Java sockets and server sockets:
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getByAddress("www.boobah.cat", null);
ServerSocket server = new P2PServerSocket(inetAddr, 80);
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getByAddress("www.boobah.cat", null);
Socket server = new P2PSocket(inetAddr, 80);
127.0.0.1) and Any (
0.0.0.0) Addresses
The P2P Sockets package provides a simple implementation of the Any IP address, which is
0.0.0.0. In normal TCP/IP parlance for server sockets, the Any interface says "start a server socket
with any of the available IP addresses available on this machine; I don't know which it is and don't care." In the context of P2P Server Sockets, hosts can not be "multi-homed;" i.e., have more than one IP address. Instead, they are given an automatic host name that is autogenerated from their JXTA peer names. For example, if a peer is named
BradGNUberg, then the peer would be given the automatic host name
By default, the prefix is "www." and the suffix is ".peer". These values are currently not customizable, but future versions will expose this capability.
We use this automatic peer name to resolve the Any or Loopback address:
// In the following example, assume the peer's
// local JXTA name is BradGNUberg.
InetAddress inetAddr = P2PInetAddress.getLocalHost();
ServerSocket socket = new P2PServerSocket(inetAddr, 100);
// returns "www.BradGNUberg.peer"
String hostName = socket.getHostName();
Before this will work, however, you must start up a
for the localhost on a given port.
P2P server sockets also provides support for another feature for
compatibility with normal server sockets, though it will probably only
rarely be used. Normal TCP/IP server sockets can be started with
the any interface and no port specified. This would start the
server socket on a random "private" port about
1024. The
P2PServerSocket class supports the same thing; if you
start it with no host name or the Any interface and no port, a random port number will
be generated above
1024 but less than
65536. You could then retrieve
this port number from the server socket and send it to client sockets
over another channel to inform them of a private, random port that is available.
The P2P Sockets project currently has the following limitations and security issues:
Spoofing host names and IP address on the peer network is trivial, as no mechanism currently exists to securely associate a given host name or IP address with a specific peer or peer group.
The network is vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks, where one peer floods the network with requests or attempts to continuously create server sockets.
The P2P Sockets package does not currently tie into the JVM Security Manager architecture, which would sandbox the code according to a security policy. Once a peer is exposed on a network, other peers could take advantage of flaws in the Java Virtual Machine or the P2P Sockets layer itself to compromise the peer computer. Being able to sandbox the peer code away from native machine resources would help this, but is not currently possible, since P2P Sockets doesn't check the security manager before any operation. It is also dangerous to include a JSP engine on an ordinary user's personal computer, as JSP depends on
javac, the Java compiler. It is dangerous to include a network path to a language compiler, as this is a common way to compromise a computer and gain further access. You should precompile your JSPs into servlets and bundle the servlets with your peer programs instead of the full JSP engine.
Multicast IP addresses and Multicast sockets are not supported.
UDP sockets are not supported.
Site-local/private IP addresses (
192.168.x.x) are not supported. Create your own private peer group if you want to simulate a private site address.
The various socket options, such as
SoLinger, are not supported and are ignored.
Non-blocking I/O socket channels are not supported.
Loopback socket servers are exposed outside of their local machine, which is incorrect.
SSL/HTTPS is not supported.
The JXTA Configurator is still invoked if there is no JXTA configuration. This has several problems. First, it is one of the last pieces of P2P Sockets that exposes programmers to JXTA concepts, and second, it requires users to delve into a complex configuration system to figure out if they are behind a firewall or NAT device. A future project will address autoconfiguring these properties by having the peer "introspect" itself to see if it is behind a firewall, a NAT device, etc.
P2P Sockets, including the source code in this article, is under the Sun Project JXTA Software License.
See the P2P Sockets Homepage or contact Brad Neuberg at . Feel free to call him at 1 (510) 938-3263 (Pacific Standard Time, San Francisco) Monday through Friday, not including weekends. Also see his weblog, www.codinginparadise.org, for Mozilla, Java, JXTA, and P2P news.
Brad Neuberg has done extensive work in the open source community, contributing code to Mozilla, JXTA, the Jakarta Feed Parser, and more.
Return to ONJava.com.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


text:
Rick Ankiel hit a three-run homer and Justin Maxwell tripled twice as Houston opened its first season as an American League team by knocking off visiting Texas.
Bud Norris (1-0) allowed two runs on five hits in 5 2/3 innings to earn the win and Erik Bedard tossed 3 1/3 scoreless innings of relief to record his first career save for the Astros. Jose Altuve added two hits and an RBI for Houston.
Matt Harrison (0-1) struck out nine but was charged with six runs - five earned - and six hits while walking three for the Rangers. Texas totaled six hits after losing former lineup anchors Josh Hamilton, Mike Napoli and Michael Young in the off-season.
Maxwell gave the Astros their first runs as an AL team with a two-run triple off the left field wall in the fourth. Houston tacked on two more runs in the fifth with the help of a defensive miscue by Rangers right fielder Nelson Cruz, whose error allowed Brandon Barnes to score and Ronny Cedeno to streak all the way to third on a would-be single.
Texas got two runs against a tiring Norris in the sixth before Bedard came out of the bullpen to get the last out with the go-ahead run at the plate. The Astros got those runs back and more in the bottom of the frame when Ankiel was called upon to pinch hit and greeted right-hander Derek Lowe with a three-run blast to deep right.
GAME NOTEBOOK: The victory was the 4,000th in franchise history. … Astros rookie 3B Matt Dominguez scored a run and recorded an RBI single in addition to some sparkling defense at the hot corner. … Former Houston star Lance Berkman started at DH for the Rangers and went 2-for-4 with a run scored.
Astros win home opener over Texas
Rick Ankiel hit a three-run homer and Justin Maxwell tripled twice as Houston opened its first season as an American League team by knocking off visiting Texas.


text:
I have two white infernos. One is 173 and one 174. Both basicly brand new. One never thrown, the other field tested and thrown twice on the course. (no hard impact)
Anyway these are both domey and stiff and in my book fairly stable (along the lines of a champion orc).
I'd like to trade one of them for a flatter flippier version. I may at a later date decide to trade the other as well.
PM me if you want to deal.


text:
A 5-year-old girl injured in a house fire in New Albany house fire is making big strides in her recovery.
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text:
The director of Meowlin Rouge brings a purrformance guaranteed to be nom-inated for an Acatemy Award. Based upon the 1925 F. Scott Hissgerald novel, starring Lionardo DiCatrio and Tabby Maguire look for The Great Catsby in 3D at a theater near you beginning May 10.
Costumes by Catherine Martin. Stunt driving by Dubious.


text:
The Geography Blog focusing on all things geography: human, physical, technical, space, news, and geopolitics. Also known as Geographic Travels with Catholicgauze! Written by a former National Geographic employee who also proudly served in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Monday, March 26, 2007
Viewing and Thinking about the World Anew
Maps can lose their luster however when we think of them as mere objects. I discovered that just a while back. I was used to seeing world maps centered on the intersection of the prime meridian and equator. This common style world map splits the Pacific Ocean in two. Then I found a map which was centered over the Pacific Ocean. I realized then the remoteness of the Pacific Islands, the wonders of international trade along the Pacific Rim, and the vastness of the seas. By just changing the focus point I saw the world anew.
I began to tinker with the map and globe. The best view (my recommendation at least) to start your mind thinking again about the world is below:
We often hear of how approximately 70% of the earth's surface is water. But this view which centers on the Pacific upside-down allows one to truly comprehend that fact.
Catholicgauze recommends all to seek out new maps and view globes from exotic angels. Do not let maps and globes become static drawings but instead let them remain dynamic learning tools. Explore the representations of the world in a whole new light today!
2 comments:
- Mapgeek said...
Nice post and a very relevant point that we need to examine world maps (and the globe in general) in more than a basic Mercator projection viewpoint. When I read your post I was reminded of the early U.S. attempts to have the prime meridian pass through Washington D.C. (or New York city?). Kind of interesting to see the graticules spread out from the U.S.,which we all know...is *the* center of the earth and universe for that matter. ;-)
Nice blog...more geography centered versus the other GIS-specific, what's happening in the industry ones. Although those are critical to stay abreast of the changing GIS landscape.
- Catholicgauze said...
Thanks! I try to get the blog focused on all aspects of geography- not just geotechnology.


text:
Rachel Galvan and Ricky Ramos Sr. of Clovis will be joined in marriage April 16, 2011, at First Baptist Church in Clovis.
The Rev. Dr. Kermitt Little will perform the double ring ceremony.
The bride is the daughter of Maria and Jessie Valero of Clovis.
The bridegroom is the son of the late Alejos Ramos and Sara Armijo of Clovis.
The maid of honor is Stephanie Gallegos.
The bridesmaids will be Rachel Sanchez, Mary Romero, Lilli Galvan, Alysha Ramos, and Marissa Gallegos.
The bestman is Steven Ramos.
The groomsmen will be James Sanchez, Richard Gallegos, Gabriel Lopez, Ricky Ramos Jr.
The ushers will be Anthony Valero and Joseph Ramos.
The flowergirls will be Isabelle Gallegos and Gaby Ramos.
The ring bearer will be Adam Ramos.
The couple will reside in Clovis.
The bride is an at home mom.
The groom is employed at Southwest Cheese Company.


text:
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Waterfalls Print Halter Bikini Top
Style: 570049915
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Halter top in our hand designed print is centered with a turquoise cabochon and banded in cobalt blue. 84% Nylon, 16% Spandex. Resin stone. Hand wash, cold; line dry. Imported.
- Tie halter and tie-back closure.
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Top and bottom sold separately.
Read more… Read less…


text:
The following steps can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease:
- Follow good dental self-care practices.
- Get regular professional dental care.
- Stop smoking.
- Eat nutritiously.
Brush your teeth twice daily:
- Use an end-rounded, soft-bristled toothbrush.
- If you have trouble managing with a manual toothbrush, consider using an electric toothbrush.
- Brush first with a dry brush; follow this by brushing with toothpaste.
- Dry brushing should take about 90 seconds.
- Brushing with toothpaste should take about 30 seconds.
- Use a toothpaste containing fluoride.
- Hold your brush at a 45° angle with the bristles toward the gum.
- Brush every tooth surface and along the gum line, using small, circular motions.
- Clean between your teeth once each day, using either floss or another cleaning aid prescribed by your dentist
- Ask your dentist if you would benefit from a fluoride mouth rinse.
You should see your dentist every six months for a careful cleaning and for a thorough dental checkup. Furthermore, if you've already been diagnosed with periodontal disease, you should have a more thorough cleaning every three months.
Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of periodontal disease. Talk to your doctor about programs and aids to help you stop smoking.
A nutritious diet can help you fight all forms of infection, including the kind that causes periodontal disease. Ask your doctor whether you would benefit from:
- Working with a nutritionist
- Taking vitamin supplements, especially vitamin C
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD
- Review Date: 09/2015 -
- Update Date: 09/17/2014 -


text:
State of Vermont 2005 Vital Statistics
121st Report Relating To the Registry & Return Of Births, Deaths, Marriages, Divorces, Civil Unions & Dissolutions
Welcome to the 2005 Vital Statistics Annual Report. This is the Tenth Web edition of this report. Please continue to send us your comments on what you like and dislike about this presentation.
You may e-mail them to email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com.
This Table of Contents is organized top down starting with Vermont Population data followed by Births, Deaths, Infant and Fetal Deaths, Abortions, Marriages, Divorces, and Civil Unions. The appendices appear at the bottom of this page.
If you have trouble printing a TABLE, please call Public Health Statistics (802-863-7300) and we will mail you a printed copy.
|Introduction (pdf)
|Explanatory Notes (pdf)
|Definitions (pdf)
|Rates and Ratios (pdf)
Return to Top
| Vermont County Map
(Figure 1 - (pdf) )
|Vermont Vital Events for 2005 (Figure 2 - (pdf) )
|Population Age - Sex Distribution of Vermont, 2005
(Figure 3 - (pdf) )
|Vital Statistics Summary of Vermont: 1857-2005
(Table A-1 - (pdf) )
|2005 Estimated Vermont Population
by Age and Sex by County
(Table A-2)
|2005 Vermont Vital Statistics - Selected Statistics by
Town of Residence and Occurrence
(Table A-3)
(Tables B1-B32)
(Tables C1-C22)
|Infant Deaths
(Tables D4, D5, D6, D7 & D9)
|Fetal Deaths
(Tables D1, D5, D6, D7 & D8)
(Tables E1 - E11)
(Tables F1-F4)
(Tables G1-G8)
(Tables H1-H12)
|Civil Unions
(Tables I1-I6)
|Vermont hospitals
(Appendix A - (pdf) )
|Obstetric dates, intervals & weight gain recommendations
(Appendix B - (pdf) )
|Definitions of 113 selected causes of death
(Appendix C - (pdf) )
|Vital Statistics Summary for
U.S. White Population, 1955-2005
(Appendix D - (pdf) )


text:
Lawmakers forseee tax and spending challengesBy Peter Hirschfeld
Vermont Press Bureau | November 21,2013Toby Talbot / AP Photo
Senate Minority Leader Joe Benning, left, listens during a legislative briefing Wednesday at the State House in Montpelier. Legislators heard about a projected $72 million shortfall for the 2015 satte budget.MONTPELIER As the Legislature prepares to reconvene in January, Gov. Peter Shumlin in recent weeks has issued his customary pre-session dictate to lawmakers: No increases in broad-based taxes.
House Speaker Shap Smith, however, is calling for an even harder fiscal line in 2014, and says that lawmakers will have to resist the urge to increase any revenues, broad-based or not.
I dont think the distinction between broad-based taxes and other sources of revenues matters. Youre either for new revenue or youre not, Smith said Wednesday. And I think we have to figure out some way to resolve this gap without raising revenue.
The gap to which Smith referred was one of the subjects of a daylong legislative briefing Wednesday in Montpelier, when lawmakers gathered in the State House to learn more about the $72 million shortfall projected for the fiscal year 2015 general fund budget.
The so-called budget gap represents the difference between the amount of revenue projected to come into state coffers in fiscal year 2015, and the estimated cost to keep government running at current levels.
I think that we have to try to solve the problem within the current revenue structure that we have, Smith said.
Its unclear still what balancing the budget under the current revenue scheme would mean for the areas of government corrections, human services, public education, health care for the poor most reliant on general fund revenues.
But eliminating the prospect of raising additional revenues via the splinter taxes to which lawmakers have turned in the past to make up shortfalls will make balancing the budget a more difficult task. And it could result in the reduction, or elimination, of line items currently funded by taxpayer dollars.
The Legislature during the last session considered taxes on items including tobacco, soda, satellite television and bottled water. Shumlin, whose definition of broad-based includes taxes on income, sales, and rooms and meals, proposed new or increased taxes last session on break-open tickets, bank franchises and health insurance claims.
Smith said he thinks lawmakers can find ingenious solutions to the $72 million budget problem next year without resorting to the kinds of revenue packages passed by his chambers top tax committee during the last session.
I think we have to be better at identifying the programming that were getting good results from, and I think that to the extent were not getting good results, we need to ask, do we need to be spending money there? Smith said
Smith said he has yet to identify the areas of government from which the Legislature can shave allocations without impacting the flow of commerce or the receipt of needed services.
Senate President Pro Tem John Campbell said he heads into the 2014 legislative session with a mind toward holding the line on revenues, though he included some caveats. In years past, he said, the state has been able to find one-time funding sources to fill the budget gap, a luxury he said the Legislature wont enjoy this year.
The cupboards are dry, Campbell said. But rather than just looking at revenue to solve the problem, Im going to look to see if there are places that we can consolidate or cut.
He added, If thats impossible to do while still maintaining the level of services needed to protect the most vulnerable, then you have to look at some kind of new revenue. But right now thats pretty far from the track that Im on.
The majority of House representatives and a handful of senators attended a daylong gathering Wednesday that included presentations from administration officials and analysts on the budget, federal revenues, progress on the health care reform rollout, and the condition of the teachers pension fund.
Administration Secretary Jeb Spaulding didnt offer any previews of the governors fiscal year 2015 budget plan, which hell deliver to the Legislature in an address scheduled for Jan. 15.
But he said lawmakers should expect a spending plan that reflects Shumlins belief that living within our means is an important priority and a value that Vermonters have.
We want government to do more, and we want to do it with the same or less, Spaulding said. And that is the challenge.
Senate Minority Leader Joe Benning said hes glad to see the Democrats who control the governors office and both chambers of the Legislature acknowledging the fact that government is living beyond its means.
We have serious problems in front of us, Benning said. And getting to the bottom of those problems is going to require serious discipline.
Benning, however, said he worries about whether Democrats talk Wednesday will be reflected in their walk next May.
When the political winds blow through this building, funny things happen here, Benning said.
Lawmakers will contend with a host of hot-button issues in 2014, from a GOP effort to undo a mandate that will force about 100,000 Vermonters into the new health insurance exchange, to what will be a heavy push to require employers to provide paid sick days to employees.
Property tax reform and overhauls to a retired teacher health care plan that, according to many elected officials, has fallen severely out of balance, will also get significant legislative attention in 2014.
firstname.lastname@example.com IN Vermont News
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Posts Tagged '22360'
Andis 22360 AGC Super 2-Speed Professional Animal Clipper with Locking Blade
The Andis Super AGC 2-Speed Clipper runs at up to 4,400 strokes per minute due to its heavy duty, high speed motor. The unit is equipped with a 4 x 4 blade drive for 25% more blade torque. The AGC Super 2-Speed Clipper is the ultimate grooming tool with its power, control, and versatility. Professional 2-speed clipper: 3400 spm and 4400 spm. Designed for super fast cutting. Runs so cool, fans and air vents that can become clogged with hair are not needed. Quiet operation to please even the most sensitive animal. Removable drive cap for easy cleaning. Locking blade hinge keeps blade secure. Break resistant housing material, withstands harsh chemicals. Sealed motor for cool, quiet long-life. Maintenance free – no oiling or greasing of internal parts is needed. Detachable blades for ease of changing and cleaning. Features 14′ heavy duty cord. Works with all UltraEdge and CeramicEdge blades (sold separately) – the largest selection in the industry. (more…)
Reviews by C. Schmidt
We bought these clippers to trim our long haired German Shepherd Dog. She had a very thick under coat. The clippers worked great. I had no previous training using clippers, so I was a bit nervous about accidentally cutting her. That was never a problem at all. The clippers took a bit of practice to get used to, but once I got the feel of it I was confident. I bought a #7 blade and that's what we used for her heavy coat. I also bought a can of the Andis Cool Care Plus spray. The blade does get hot while clipping, the spray helped to cool it down so we could continue in one session.
The amazing thing about these clippers is that they seem so solidly built. They are not very noisy at all. Actually, my husband and I laugh because these animal clippers are much better than the "human" ones they use on him when he gets a haircut.
See more reviews