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Hi all! I'm hoping someone has an answer for me rather quickly, because we're leaving tomorrow morning.
I'm going on an all-day rafting trip with some friends and family. My 5-month-old and my 2 year old are staying home with my parents. I will be pumping along our all-day trek. However, the river will be very dirty as will I (and my boobs). How do I go about santizing my breasts/nipples BEFORE I pump?
Alcohol pads? Vinegar? What makes sense!? I can't figure it out!
Thanks in advance, ladies!!


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Ira man denies firearm threatSeptember 24,2013By Gordon Dritschilo
Staff Writer
A man on probation for shooting up a car was in court on a fresh weapons charge Monday.
Nathan J. Butler, 19, of Route 133 in Ira, pleaded innocent Monday in Rutland criminal court to a single charge of aggravated assault with a weapon. The charge carries a maximum of 15 years in prison. Butler was held for a lack of $5,000 bail.
Butler and his girlfriend arrived at 129 River St. early Saturday evening, according to Rutland City Police, in search of his girlfriend's ex-husband, 28-year-old Ricky Chandler. The address was home to friends of Chandler's, according to affidavits, who said he had been drinking and was sleeping it off outside in his car.
Witnesses, including Chandler, described Butler waking Chandler and confronting him with a handgun, according to police. They described Chandler as bleeding from the face, but none of them, not even Chandler, were able to tell police how he suffered the injury, according to affidavits.
Chandler described Butler pointing the gun at him and screaming, police said, ordering him to get out of his car and into Butler's truck. Chandler told police he feared for his life, started his car and drove away.
"Ricky (Chandler) did not remember driving from the house and said the next thing he remembered was being near the park in Fair Haven where his sister picked him up and brought him to Glens Falls hospital," police wrote in an affidavit.
Police also said Chandler said he had a blood-alcohol level of 0.124 when he arrived at the hospital, where he was treated for a cut above his right eye.
Police said they were made aware of the incident when they responded to a report of a fuel spill in the road on River Street, left by Butler's truck, and were approached by witnesses while waiting for the fire department to arrive. Police said they asked why none of the witnesses called 911 during the incident and were not given a reason.
Police said they located Butler at his home in Ira and while Butler agreed to speak to police, none of what he said to them was described in the affidavits. The only indication of motive came from one of the witnesses, who police said described Butler telling him he was looking for Chandler due to monetary and personal disputes.
In court Monday, prosecutors and Judge Theresa S. DiMauro noted that Butler was on probation for an incident last year in which police said he fired four shotgun blasts of birdshot into a parked Hyundai Elantra during a dispute with a neighbor over a woman.
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The Geography Blog focusing on all things geography: human, physical, technical, space, news, and geopolitics. Also known as Geographic Travels with Catholicgauze! Written by a former National Geographic employee who also proudly served in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Friday, November 12, 2010
Nicaragua Invaded Costa Rica to Make a Canal?
Now Haaretz, a major and center-left newspaper from Israel, is reporting that they have sources stating that Nicaragua crossed the Rio San Juan into Costa Rica as part of an effort to cow Costa Rica to give up its share of the river... in order to build a new Caribbean-Pacific canal! The report states Nicaragua is a player in a conspiracy by Iran and Venezuela to create an alternative to the Panama Canal which would bypass American-influence and covert oversight. This either is an epic plan or Haaretz is going down the rabbit hole.
Regardless, Nicaragua's action has driven a stake between the Latin American Left led by Chavez and reasonable, center-left led countries like Costa Rica.
15 comments:
You have nothing right. There was no "invasion".
The plan for a canal predates the building of the Panama Canal and has never been a secret or a conspiracy.
But this flap is not about building a canal at all. It's about dredging the Rio San Juan so Nicaragua can develop tourism and a hydroelectric project in the area. Costa Rica already does similar tourism in the area and their tourism is in decline, so this is a cynical maneuver by Chinchilla to delay or stop tourism development by Nicaragua.
Nicaragua did not "invade" Costa Rica. Troops did not cross the river to the Costa Rican side. They simply occupied a tiny island in the middle of the river that was affirmed last year, by the International Court of Justice, to Nicaragua's, with navigational rights for Costa Rica.
Since the US and Israeli military equip and train the Costa Rican "police", Israel would benefit from more arms sales if they could help get armed conflict going in the area, as they have done in the past.
Costa Rica is not a "center-left" country. Chinchilla is right of center and closely aligned with anything the US wants to do in Central America, including hosting for covert operations against Nicaragua in the past.
You can see Costa Rica's behavior in this as "reasonable" only if you believe that this kind of sensational media campaign is reasonable in order to try to drum up public opinion against Nicaragua for economic reasons.
Tourism is suffering in Costa Rica while it is soaring in Nicaragua. CR lost in the International Court of Justice. Being sore losers, they now want to retry the case in the court of public opinion. Bringing in the OAS is just a publicity stunt since the OAS does not have jurisdiction in border disputes, which this is.
Any Nicaraguan troops in the area were already there, fighting the stream of drug traffickers coming from Costa Rica. They did not move troops there for any nefarious reason, but they were handy for Costa Rica to point to as villains.
Neither the military nor the government of Nicaragua used any internet maps for determining their borders. The civilian captain of the dredging boat, erroneously reported as being a "commander" by Costa Rica, taunted a CR newspaper that even google agreed with Nicaragua's border claims, AFTER the fact of the confrontation of CR "police", wearing military fatigues and carrying machine guns and M16s, against the dredging boat. CR has just moved another 150 troops to the area, while Nicaragua continues business as usual, fighting the narcotraffickers. They plan to send two more dredging boats to the area, so this must be the next "invasion" CR is preparing to fight.
Costa Rica dredged its own Rio Colorado recently, pushing sediment into the Rio San Juan, to enhance its tourism. Apparently, sediment from Costa Rica isn't viewed as "environmental damage" unless Nicaragua tries to put it back where it came from. After two days of helicopter flyovers, the only "environmental damage" they could document was a small pile of sand at the base of a tree on that tiny island in Nicaragua's river. The "logging" Chinchilla is claiming was about a dozen trees pushed over around the edges of the island that Nicaragua considers it owns and is now being claimed by Costa Rica as the reason for all this melodrama.
Much Ado About Nothing, but if that's all Chinchilla's got and she wants to start an "international incident", apparently it's enough.
Try reading some information from the other side: El Nuevo Diario Nicaragua or La Prensa. Google can translate the Spanish for you.
- Catholicgauze said...
While there has long been plans for a canal no one knew they involved cowing Costa Rica with force.
Honestly, why would Chinchilla want to harm tourism and hydroelectric projects in Nicaragua? Really, I doubt she has it in for you. And if Nicaragua wanted to dredge the river there are better ways than ripping down a Costa Rican flag.
So what other wars has Israel started in Latin America? As I said in Iraq to some people, "Israel does not care about you guys. They are not trying to harm you."
Costa Rica's President Chinchilla is a member of the National Liberation Party, part of Socialist International. The second biggest party in the parliment is the more leftward but still more-or-less center-left Citizen's Action Party (PAC). Behind those two parties are the Libertarian Movement Party (PLM), an economic liberal party, and the Social Christian Unity Party (USC), the Christian Democratic Party.
When was the last covert op against Nicaragua by the United States? The 1980s, when the US supported the overthrown government and Contras?
So was the "invasion" done by a dredging boat or was it done by troops going onto an island midstream to help fend off drug traffickers? You said it was both.
Thank you for the newspaper links.
Dear Anonymous,
The ruling by the ICJ was welcomed in Costa Rica, as it established all they ever intended to defend: their navigational rights over the river. It has been clear for over 100 years that the Rio San Juan belongs to Nicaragua. Costa Rica considered itself victorious in the ICJ ruling when it reasserted its navigational rights over the river. Here's the link to a summary from the official ICJ's webpage regarding the decision from 13 July 2009, which coincidentally isn't titled "Boarder Dispute" but "Case concerning the dispute regarding navigational and related rights (Costa Rica vs. Nicaragua)": http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/133/15331.pdf. In fact, in several counts the ICJ found Nicaraguan in violation of the 1858 Cañas-Jerez Treaty.
What is interesting, though, is how in a clear cut Orwellian style, every time Nicaraguan leaders seek to unite their people they resort to the San Juan River, creating some sort of patriotism over a river that has always been considered Nicaraguan and respected as such. There is an interesting column in the Nicaraguan Newspaper "El Nuevo Diario" which criticizes Ortega, yet another Sandinista, for utilizing such political tactics to manipulate the Nicaraguan people into electing him to a third term (clearly unconstitutional, but Mr. Ortega managed to obtain a ruling by the Constitutional Court which allows him to run again based on a non-discrimination theory which I, as a Human Rights Lawyer, am still grasping to understand). Here is the link: http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/opinion/87612. If you read Spanish (and I suspect you do), I highly recommend it. This theory is not only backed by a Nicaraguan columnist, but was also sustained by The Economist (my personal favorite news source) this week. The Economist goes as far as to say that Mr. Ortega won his first unanimous vote in the National Assembly in his entire presidency. Here is the link: http://www.economist.com/node/17463483.
I hope this helps.
- The Classical Liberal said...
Thank You all for the informative comments. Anonymous, your post rose suspicion in me, especially when you wrote that Chinchilla was center right!
Even I, who is not all that familiar with Latin America, knew that didn't quite ring true.
Anyway, thx to CatholicGauze and LegalBeagle for the responses.
Laura and her party can call themselves socialist, but they are closer to fascist.
They have a politic of blaming foreigners and stimulating fascism and racism. That while the same government is responsible throught the DUIS secret police at the border for letting all the illegals in to work on their plantations without rights and insurance.
In the mean time refugees have no right to work and dont get social help. Instead the corrupt police of San José steels their merchandize and throws mothers that try to work for their children in prison. Then the same 'socialist' gov steels thier children AND SELLS THEM INTERNATIONALLY.
- Catholicgauze said...
Be careful of jumping the shark. Claims of fascism need to be backed up and cited (like shutting down opposition media, nationalizing businesses, blaming non-involved outsiders, over-emphasis of the leader's personality; basically stuff what Chavez does).
Who would she be racist against? Are there any citations for the secret police and their international slavery ring? Please offer citations for a claim that big.
- Catholicgauze said...
The Classical Liberal,
Same to you Legal Beagal
Dear Anonymous,
Again, check your facts. Illegals working without rights and insurance?
Check the hospitals in Costa Rica, where EVERYONE is treated without exception. The free system of universal healthcare instituted in the 1940's based on the social doctrine of the Catholic Church is collapsing due to the number of patients who have crossed illegally into Costa Rica and don't contribute to the system through their taxes.
Another article (in Spanish). An open letter to Eden Pastora, reminding him about when it was his Costa Rican neighbors that helped him and his family through hard times, of when he and his comrades were treated for free in Costa Rican hospitals after La Penca: http://www.ameliarueda.com/contenido/articles/2650.html
Catholicgauze and Classic Liberal, thanks for your comments.
- Googlemonster said...
the history of politics of the two countries speak for themselves, rational minded people should be able to make an educated guess about whats going on here - of course its too bad you have to invade a country to get peoples support - what does that say about the people,an invasion of a county did occur even if its was just a few troops taking a few hundred meters of soil on the other side for 24 hours.
Something Catholicgauze and Anonymous will agree on is that holding the power/wealth within the ruling class is what is going on.
This is accomplished by cultivating kangarooish court systems, tossing crumbs of the wealth to the peasants and lower bourgeoisie quieting them and engendering hostility within them against their own best interests. The key for the ruling class is to frost the cake by telling the people that they govern, and do what they do, only for the best interest of the peasants and well being of the country. Who could be against that?
History shows that this formula is quite effective. To do this, keeping the population dumb with slanted or no education, fomenting agitations between seemingly disparate groups in the name of unity(primarily by depressing ecomonic opportunity) and keeping them all dependent on the crumbs cast by the ruling class, is very very smart.
Viva Communism.
- jazzyal said...
Dos falacias ticas sobre nuestro Río San Juan
Jorge Eduardo Arellano
La historiografía costarricense ha esgrimido varias falacias sobre el Río San Juan de Nicaragua que, por medio de afirmaciones sesgadas y superficiales, afirman que el río San Juan se ha compartido entre ambos países. Todo ello es, desde luego, completamente falso. Aquí me limitaré a dos.
Primera falacia
Que durante el período colonial (1524-1821) el río San Juan NO formó parte exclusiva de las provincias que integraban la Capitanía General de Guatemala. Lo cual es falso, ya que desde 1573 el río formó parte exclusiva de la circunscripción territorial de la Provincia de Nicaragua. Ésta se había constituido en 1527 y su gobernador, Pedrarias Dávila, fue nombrado el 1º de marzo de ese año. Costa Rica nunca tuvo que ver con las acciones históricas desarrolladas en sus aguas.
Fue el gobernador de Nicaragua, Rodrigo de Contreras, tras varios intentos, quien logró en 1539 completar el descubrimiento del Desaguadero —como se conocía entonces al San Juan—, enviando a Alonso Calero y Diego Machuca desde Granada. Los expedicionarios cruzaron el Mar Dulce, navegaron y tomaron posesión del San Juan de un extremo al otro. Con este acontecimiento geográfico, comenzó el río a ejercer una función histórica en Nicaragua. Desde entonces, la geografía fue "el cuerpo de nuestra historia y la historia el alma de nuestra geografía", en palabras de José Coronel Urtecho.
Costa Rica ni siquiera existía. Más aún: hasta 1573 se nombró a su primer gobernador, Diego de Artieda y Cherinos, quien tres años después aún se hallaba en Granada, de donde salió con navío y gente armada, ropas y víveres, instrumentos de labranza, artesanos, etc., pues en la Provincia de Costa Rica o Nueva Cartago casi no había nada. Así, la capitulación de Felipe II a Artieda y Cherinos fijó los límites de las provincias de Nicaragua y Costa Rica, permaneciendo inalterables hasta 1821. En consecuencia, nuestra provincia adquirió pleno dominio sobre el curso entero del San Juan hasta su desembocadura en el Caribe por medio de tres bocas. No en vano, a partir de 1539 se había iniciado su comercio marítimo entre los puertos de Granada y Nombre de Dios, en la costa de Panamá, ampliándose más tarde a Portobelo y a Cartagena de Indias. Costa Rica careció de ese comercio marítimo a lo largo de toda la época colonial.
A través de nuestro río San Juan, Granada fue víctima del saqueo de los piratas en 1665 y 1670, obligando a las autoridades españoles a construir cuatro fortalezas a lo largo del mismo río. La más sólida y perdurable fue el Castillo de la Inmaculada Concepción, cuya inauguración la ciudad celebró el 12 de diciembre de 1675, con una misa y un sermón pronunciado por el franciscano José de Velazco, impreso al año siguiente en Guatemala. En 1762, Rafaela Herrera defendió la Provincia contra una invasión formal de la Corona inglesa. En 1780, otra invasión —al mando de Kemble Poulson y Nelson— no pudo penetrar más allá del Castillo. Autoridades y tropas de Nicaragua se involucraron en esos hechos y Costa Rica —reducida en 1700 a 17 asentamientos precarios en su valle central— fue ajena a ellos.
Costa Rica: provincia aislada y precaria
También Costa Rica, sumida en el aislamiento, nada tuvo que ver con el interés de abrir una ruta directa con España. Tal fue el proyecto emprendido por el vizcaíno Juan de Zavala, quien vivió en Granada de 1790 a 1796, dedicado al comercio y al estudio sobre la apertura del puerto de San Juan, habilitado por Real Orden del 26 de febrero de 1796.
- Catholicgauze said...
Communist Anonymous,
The evil system you describe which beats the drums of war sounds alot like the communist line of Ortega and his Sandinistas.
Costa Rica use of Social Catholicism has allowed it to become a market friendly, pro-education country with no military. If it had gone the way of Communism then it would be either a police-state in the mold of Cuba or raging thugocracy like Venezuela.
- Catholicgauze said...
The writer of the Ha'aretz article (not even a Ha'aretz editor) has a huge imagination or is a victim of disinformation.
Read the link below to find out about the facts:
- Catholicgauze said...
Thanks for the link! Great use of physical geography to show how the canal theory now seems unlikely.


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Cyprus Parliament to Vote on Bailout Tuesday: Hot Trends
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Popular searches on the Internet include Cyprus as the country's parliament is scheduled to vote Tuesday afternoon on the controversial proposed $13 billion bailout plan that would tax bank depositors.
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The chatter on Main Street (a.k.a. Google, Yahoo! and other search sites) is always of interest to investors on Wall Street. Thus, each day, TheStreet compiles the stories that are trending on the Web, and highlights the news that could make stocks move.


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In: Van Driesche, R., et al., 2002, Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States, USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2002-04, 413 p.
quickly in the fall resulting in a nutrient flush, whereas leaves of native species decompose in the spring (Barlocher and Biddiscombe, 1996; Emery and Perry, 1996; Grout et al., 1997). This change in timing of nutrient release at a time of little primary production results in significant alterations of wetland function and could jeopardize detritivore consumer communities adapted to decomposition of plant tissues in spring (Grout et al., 1997).
Specialized marsh birds such as the Virginia rail (Rallus limicola Vieillot), sora (Porzana carolina L.), least bittern (Ixobrychus exilis Gmelin), and American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus Rackett), many of which are declining in the northeastern United States (Schneider and Pence, 1992), avoid nesting and foraging in purple loosestrife (Blossey et al., 2001a). Black terns (Clidonias niger L.), once a common breeding species at the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge in upstate New York, declined and became locally extinct by 1987. The local extinction coincided with a population explosion of purple loosestrife from few individuals in 1956 to a coverage of more than 19% of the total area (600 ha), representing 40% of the emergent marsh habitat in 1983 (T. Gingrich, pers. comm.). Another wetland specialist, the marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris Wilson), was conspicuously absent in purple loosestrife-dominated wetlands but used adjacent cattail marshes (Rawinski and Malecki, 1984; Whitt et al., 1999). The federally endangered bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergi Schoepff) loses basking and breeding sites to encroachment of purple loosestrife (Malecki et al., 1993).
Purple loosestrife is competitively superior over native wetland plant species (Gaudet and Keddy, 1988; Weiher et al., 1996; Mal et al., 1997). The species is dominating seedbanks, particularly in areas with established purple loosestrife populations (Welling and Becker, 1990; 1993).The fact that expanding purple loosestrife populations cause local reductions in native plant species richness has been demonstrated by the temporary return of native species following the suppression of L. salicaria through use of herbicide (Gabor et al., 1996). However, without the continued use of herbicides, purple loosestrife re-invades and re-establishes dominance within a few years (Gabor et al., 1996). In areas where the distributions of L. salicaria and of the native winged loosestrife, Lythrum alatum Pursh., overlap, the taller, more conspicuous purple loosestrife reduces pollinator visitation to L. alatum resulting in significantly reduced seed set of L. alatum. (Brown, 1999).
Extent of losses. Direct losses are difficult to quantify due to lack of long-term monitoring programs and data.
Geographical Distribution
Lythrum salicaria now occurs in all states of the United States, except Florida, Alaska, and Hawaii, and in nine Canadian provinces. The abundance of L. salicaria varies throughout this range with populations in all but the eastern United States (the oldest infested area) still expanding, In the Northeast and Midwest, a significant portion of the potentially available habitat has been invaded.
Background Information On The Pest Plant
Purple loosestrife is a member of the Lythraceae (the Loosestrife family), with highly variable growth form and morphology. Main leaves are 3 to 10 cm long and can be arranged opposite or alternate along the squared stem and are either glabrous or pubescent. The inflorescence is a spike of clusters of reddish-purple petals (10 to 15 mm in length). Flowers are tri-morphic with short, medium, and long petals and stamens. Many ornamental varieties have been developed, some through introgression with the native L. alatum (Ottenbreit and Staniforth, 1994). Until recently, Lythrum virgatum L. was treated as a separate species also introduced from Europe but the species is now considered a synonym of L. salicaria (Ottenbreit and Staniforth, 1994). Further details can be found in Mal et al., (1992).
Purple loosestrife needs temperatures above 20°C and moist open soils for successful germination. Seedlings grow rapidly (>1 cm/day) and plants can flower in their first growing season. Established plants can tolerate very different growing conditions, including permanent flooding, low water and nutrient levels, and low pH. Plants can grow in rock crevasses, on gravel, sand, clay and organic soils. Plants develop a large, laterally branching rootstock with starch as the main form of nutrient storage (Stamm-Katovitch et al., 1998). Mature plants can develop rootstocks of heavier than 1 kg and can produce more than 30 annual shoots reaching a maximum height of more than 2 m. Plants are long lived and mature plants may produce more than 2.5 million seeds annually, which remain viable for many years. Spread to new areas occurs exclusively by seed, which is transported mainly by water but also adheres to boots, waterfowl and other wetland fauna.
Analysis of Related Native Plants in the Eastern United States
The Lythracea belong to the order Myrtales of which four families (Lythraceae, Thymelaceae, Onagraceae, and Melastomataceae) are native to much of North America. Within the Lythraceae, 12 species (excluding L. salicaria) belonging to the genera Ammannia, Cuphea, Decodon, Lagerstroemia, Lythrum, Rotala, and Didiplis (Peplis) occur in the northeastern Unites States (Gleason and Cronquist, 1991). With the exception of Didiplis diandra (Nutt.), water purslane, all species of the Lythraceae covered by Gleason and Cronquist (1991) were used in the host specificity testing (Blossey et al., 1994a, b; Blossey and Schroeder, 1995).
History of Biological Control Efforts in the Eastern United States
Area of Origin of Weed
Lythrum salicaria has distribution centers in Europe and Asia. The European distribution extends from Great Britain across western Europe into central Russia with the 65th parallel as the northern distribution limit (Tutin et al., 1968). Purple loosestrife is common throughout central and southern Europe and along the coastal fringe of the Mediterranean basin. In Asia, the main islands of Japan are the core of the species native range, with outlying populations extending from the Amur River south across the lowlands of Manchuria and other parts of China to Southeast Asia and India (Hultén and Fries, 1986). Lythrum salicaria was introduced to North America in the early 1800s in ship ballast, wool, and most likely also as an ornamental or medicinal herb (Thompson et al., 1987).
Areas Surveyed for Natural Enemies
Research in Europe began in 1986 with field surveys for potential control agents. By 1992, field surveys for natural enemies were conducted in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and France, extending earlier observations (Batra et al., 1986). These surveys covered 140 different sites and an area from the northernmost distribution in central Finland to the Mediterranean basin (Blossey, 1995b). Additional surveys were conducted in North America from Maryland to Nebraska (Hight, 1990).
Natural Enemies Found
No native or accidentally introduced herbivores with the potential for control of L. salicaria were found in North America (Hight, 1990). More recently, several native pathogens have been evaluated for their potential as biological control agents (Nyvall, 1995; Nyvall and Hu, 1997). Surveys in Europe identified more than 100 different insect species most commonly associated with purple loosestrife (Batra et al., 1986), but only nine species were evaluated in more detail (Blossey, 1995b).
Host Range Tests and Results
Of the nine potential control agents identified in Europe, six species were tested for their host specificity, against 48 test plant species in 32 genera (for a complete list of test plants taxonomically associated, associated wetland plants, and important agricultural plants see Blossey et al., 1994b). This selection was based on literature reports of their specificity, their distribution and availability in the field, and initial observations of their impact on purple loosestrife performance. The selected species were the root-mining weevil, Hylobius transversovittatus Goeze; two leaf beetles, Galerucella calmariensis L. and Galerucella pusilla Duftschmidt; a flower-feeding weevil, Nanophyes marmoratus Goeze; a seed-feeding weevil, Nanophyes brevis Boheman; and a gall midge, Bayeriola salicariae Gagné.
Host specificity tests identified two native North American plant species, Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. (swamp loosestrife) and L. alatum as potential hosts for the Galerucella leaf beetles (Blossey et al., 1994b) and with less probability for H. transversovittatus. (Blossey et al., 1994a). Both plant species are members of the family Lythraceae and therefore closely related to L. salicaria. The flower and seed feeding weevils N. marmoratus and N. brevis were entirely restricted to L. salicaria (Blossey and Schroeder, 1995). The gall midge B. salicariae attacked and successfully completed larval development on L. alatum, Lythrum californicum Torr. and Gray and Lythrum hyssopifolia L. although attack rates were much lower than on L. salicaria (Blossey and Schroeder, 1995).
Releases Made
Based on results indicating a potential wider host range, the gall midge B. salicariae was not proposed for introduction (Blossey and Schroeder, 1995). After review by the Technical Advisory Group, it was determined that further invasion by L. salicaria is considered a greater threat to the native L. alatum and D. verticillatus than potential attack by the leaf beetles or the root feeder, and releases were approved. Initial introductions in eastern North America occurred in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Minnesota, and southern Ontario in August, 1992 (Hight et al., 1995). Predictions that at high population densities beetles might nibble at other species (Blossey et al., 1994a, b; Blossey and Schroeder, 1995) were confirmed (Corrigan, 1998; Blossey et al., 2001b), but attack was transient and restricted to newly emerging beetles.
Approval to introduce the flower-feeding weevil N. marmoratus was granted followed by introductions in New York and Minnesota in 1994. Additional releases occurred in New Jersey in 1996. The seed-feeding weevil N. brevis, while approved for introduction, was not released into North America, due to the presence of a nematode infection. This infection appeared benign for N. brevis, however, due to the potential for non-target effects of the nematode after introduction into North America, only disease free specimens should be introduced, which, at present, effectively precludes the introduction of N. brevis.
4). At lower densities, plants retain leaf tissue but show reduced shoot growth, reduced root growth, and fail to produce seeds (Blossey 1995a, b; Blossey and Schat, 1997). Both species are usually univoltine, although a second generation may occur in some parts of North America. Adults are mobile and possess good host finding abilities. Peak dispersal of overwintered beetles is during the first few weeks of spring. New generation beetles have dispersal flights shortly after emergence and are able to locate patches of host plants as far away as 1 km (Grevstad and Herzig, 1997).
Hylobius transversovittatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
In the spring, overwintered H. transversovittatus adults (Fig. 5) appear shortly after L. salicaria shoots begin to grown. The largely nocturnal adults (10 to 14 mm) consume foliage and stem tissue; oviposition begins approximately two weeks after adults emerge from overwintering and lasts into September (Blossey, 1993). Females lay white, oval-shaped eggs in plant stems or in the soil close to the host plant. First instar larvae mine the root cortex and older larvae subsequently enter the central part of the rootstock where they feed for one to two years. Development time from egg to adult is dependent upon environmental conditions (temperature, moisture) and time of oviposition (Blossey, 1993). Pupation chambers are found in the upper part of the root and adults emerge between June and October and can be long-lived (several years).
Adult feeding is of little consequence; however, larval feeding can be very destructive (Fig. 6) (Nötzold et al., 1998). With increasing attack rates, larval feeding reduces shoot growth, seed output, and shoot and root biomass, and can ultimately result in plant mortality (Nötzold et al., 1998). Attack rates vary widely with rootstock age and size (up to 1 larva/10 g of fresh root weight) and up to 40 larvae have been found per rootstock (Blossey, 1993). Large rootstocks can withstand substantial feeding pressure and several larval generations will be necessary before significant impacts can be expected.
In Europe, the weevil occurs in all purple loosestrife habitats, except permanently flooded sites (Blossey, 1993), from southern Finland to the Mediterranean and from western Europe through Asia. Experiments have shown that adults and larvae can survive extended submergence. However, excessive flooding prevents access to plants by adults and will eventually kill developing larvae. Aside from this restriction, the species appears quite tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions. Information on movements of H. transversovittatus is sparse because of its nocturnal nature and secretive habits during daylight hours. The most likely time to find adults is at night using a flashlight or on overcast days with light rain. Adults move primarily by walking, but dispersal flights of newly emerged adults have been reported (Palmén, 1940).
litter. Complete development from egg to adult takes about 1 month. There is one generation a year. Adult and larval feeding causes flower-bud abortion, thus reducing the seed output of L. salicaria. Attack rates can reach more than 70%.
Evaluation of Project Outcomes
Establishment and Spread of Agents
All four introduced species have successfully established in North America. The two Galerucella species are established in Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Jersey, New York, New Hampshire, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, and Iowa. The species have spread up to 5 km from the original release sites and G. calmariensis appears to be more successful than G. pusilla. The secretive nature of H. transversovittatus makes assessments of its status difficult. Releases have occurred throughout the United States but establishment (attacked roots) is confirmed only for Colorado, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Indiana, Minnesota, New Jersey, Michigan, and Virginia. The flower-feeding weevil now occurs in New York, New Jersey, Colorado, and Minnesota, and populations are expanding.
Suppression of Target Weed
At several release sites complete defoliation of large purple loosestrife stands (many hectares) has been reported with local reductions of more than 95% of the biomass (Fig. 8). Such outcomes are currently restricted to some of the earlier release sites but similar observations have been made in Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota, and Canada.
Recovery of Native Plant Communities
A standardized long-term monitoring program has been developed to follow the development of wetland plant populations. Presently, it is too early to assess results, other than limited observations at the most advanced release sites. For example, at a release site in Illinois, several native plant species were re-discovered after suppression of purple loosestrife. Similar results and a resurgence of cattails and other wetland plants have been observed at several release sites in New York. Further long-term data are needed to evaluate changes in plant communities.
Economic Benefits
The successful control and further implementation of biological control has resulted in reductions of herbicide purchases.
Recommendations for Future Work
At present, the focus in the purple loosestrife biocontrol program is on evaluation of releases using the standardized monitoring protocol. A second focus is the continued mass production of beetles to make control agents available to interested agencies or private citizens. The development of an artificial diet for the root-feeding weevil H. transversovittatus is anticipated to accelerate the release program and increase establishment rates. Later plans include redistribution of the flower-feeding weevil N. marmoratus.
Ongoing research and monitoring programs are testing the assumption of cumulative effects of herbivores. Agent combinations are anticipated to be more destructive to plants than a single species alone (Malecki et al., 1993). However, agent combinations also may impede some species, as even spatially separated herbivores can compete via their common host plant (Masters et al., 1993; Denno et al., 1995). Whether these interactions have any influence on control of L. salicaria where both Galerucella and H. transversovittatus were introduced requires further study.
Results from early release sites indicate that successful suppression of purple loosestrife can be achieved. However, it is not yet clear what type of replacement communities will develop. At many sites, a diverse wetland plant community replaces the once monotypic stands of L. salicaria. At several sites, other invasive species such as Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel (common reed) or Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass) may expand as purple loosestrife is controlled – clearly not a desired result. At yet other sites, dense purple loosestrife litter limits growth of native species. In cooperation with land managers, we are currently investigating means (fire, disking, flooding, mowing, etc.) to accelerate the return of native plant communities. As part of these ongoing evaluations an assessment of the changes in animal communities (birds, amphibians, and insects) as L. salicaria is controlled will help evaluate whether invaded and degraded wetlands can be successfully restored Attack of native parasitoids on H. transversovittatus larvae in the stems and attack of a nematode on adult Galerucella remains at 10% (B. Blossey, unpublished data); however, in some instances native predators appear to limit leaf-beetle population growth in cages (T. Hunt, unpublished data) or at dry sites. In Europe, specialized egg, larval and adult parasitoids can have dramatic impacts (attack rates of up to 90%) on the leaf beetles and flower-feeding weevils. While great care was taken to avoid the introduction of these and other natural enemies from Europe, the impact of native predators on the success of purple loosestrife biocontrol and the contribution of biocontrol agents to the wetland food web dynamics needs to be assessed.
Barlocher, F. and N. R. Biddiscombe. 1996. Geratology and decomposition of Typha latifolia and
Batra, S. W. T., D. Schroeder, P. E. Boldt, and W. Mendl. 1986. Insects associated with purple
Blossey, B. 1993. Herbivory below ground and biological weed control: life history of a root-boring weevil
Blossey, B. 1995a. Coexistence of two competitors in the same fundamental niche. Distribution, adult
Blossey, B. 1995b. A comparison of various approaches for evaluating potential biological control agents
Blossey, B. and M. Schat. 1997. Performance of Galerucella calmariensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Blossey, B. and D. Schroeder. 1995. Host specificity of three potential biological weed control agents
Blossey, B., D. Schroeder, S. D. Hight, and R. A. Malecki. 1994a. Host specificity and environmental
Blossey, B., D. Schroeder, S. D. Hight, and R. A. Malecki. 1994b. Host specificity and environmental
Blossey, B., L. Skinner, and J. Taylor. 2001a. Impact and Management of purple loosestrife in North
Blossey, B., R. Casagrande, L. Tewksbury, D. A. Landis, R. Wiedenmann, and D. R. Ellis. 2001b.
Brown, B. 1999. The impact of an invasive species (Lythrum salicaria) on pollination and reproduction of
Corrigan, J. E., D. L. MacKenzie, and L. Simser. 1998. Field observations of non-target feeding by
Denno, R. F., M. S. McClure, and J. M. Ott. 1995. Interspecific interactions in phytophagous insects:
Emery, S. L. and J. A. Perry. 1996. Decomposition rates and phosphorus concentrations of purple
Gaudet, C. L., and P. A. Keddy. 1988. A comparative approach to predicting competitive ability from
Gabor, T. S., T. Haagsma, and H. R. Murkin. 1996. Wetland plant responses to varying degrees of
Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of the Northeastern United States
Grevstad, F. S. and A. L. Herzig. 1997. Quantifying the effects of distance and conspecifics on
Grout, J. A., C. D. Levings, and J. S. Richardson. 1997. Decomposition rates of purple loosestrife
Hight, S. D. 1990. Available feeding niches in populations of Lythrum salicaria L. (purple loosestrife) in
Hight, S. D., B. Blossey, J. Laing, and R. DeClerck-Floate. 1995. Establishment of insect biological
Hultén, E. and M. Fries 1986. Atlas of North European Vascular plants, Vol. 2. Koeltz Scientific Books,
Mal, T.K., J. Lovett-Doust, and L. Lovett-Doust. 1997. Time-dependent competitive displacement of
Malecki, R. A., B. Blossey, S. D. Hight, D. Schroeder, L. T. Kok, and J. R. Coulson. 1993. Biological
Manguin, S., R. White, B. Blossey, and S. D. Hight. 1993. Genetics, taxonomy, and ecology of certain
Masters, G. J., V. K. Brown, and A. C. Gange. 1993. Plant mediated interactions between above- and
Nötzold, R., B. Blossey, and E. Newton. 1998. The influence of below-ground herbivory and plant
Nyvall, R. F. 1995. Fungi associated with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in Minnesota. Mycologia
Nyvall, R. F. and A. Hu. 1997. Laboratory evaluation of indigenous North American fungi for biological
Ottenbreit, K. A. and R. J. Staniforth. 1994. Crossability of naturalized and cultivated Lythrum taxa.
Palmén, E. 1940. Zur Biologie und nordeuropäischen Verbreitung von Hylobius transversovittatus Steph.
Palmén, E. 1945. Zur Systematik Finnischer Chrysomeliden. 1. Gattung Galerucella Crotch. Annales
Rawinski, T.J. and R. A. Malecki. 1984. Ecological relationships among purple loosestrife, cattail and
Schneider, K. J. and D. M. Pence. 1992. Migratory nongame birds of management concern in the
Silfverberg, H. 1974. The West Palaearctic species of Galerucella Crotch and related genera
Stamm-Katovitch, E. J., R. L. Becker, C. C. Sheaffer, and J. L. Halgerson. 1998. Seasonal fluctuations
Templer, P., S. Findlay, and C. Wigand. 1998. Sediment chemistry associated with native and
Thompson, D. Q., R. L. Stuckey, and E. B. Thompson. 1987. Spread, impact, and control of purple
Tutin, T. G., V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. M Moore, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and
Weiher, E., I. C. Wisheu, P. A. Keddy, and D. R. J. Moore. 1996. Establishment, persistence, and
Welling, C. H. and R. L. Becker. 1990. Seed bank dynamics of Lythrum salicaria L.: implications for
Welling, C. H. and R. L. Becker. 1993. Reduction of purple loosestrife establishment in Minnesota
Whitt, M. B., H. H. Prince, and R. R. Cox, Jr. 1999. Avian use of purple loosestrife dominated habitat
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Last updated on Wednesday, December 11, 2002 at 02:46 PM
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Featured Legislation
- Introduced
- In Committee
- On Floor Calendar
- Passed Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Delivered to Governor
- Signed/Vetoed by Governor
Provides for establishment of the New York Health plan
April 29, 2016
In Senate Committee
Sponsor's position
New York Health will remove the greed motive from our healthcare system, ensuring patients come before profits. Your health is your wealth!"senator Bill Perkins


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Last Thursday, Jamie Munro and the 3d Lacrosse staff welcomed a couple dozen lacrosse coaches (and me) to their headquarters in Denver to check out some of Jamie's teaching methods, many of which pull on his experience and observation of the box/field hybrid system that he's helped to popularize.
Munro kicked off the morning with an hour-long session developing dodging and shooting skills to help hone an offensive player. While I wasn't able to take down everything and I was limited to shooting photos with my iPhone, here is a summary of the notes I gathered.
In terms of offensive skills, there are some that can be developed earlier than others. Catching, for example, is one of the first skills that coaches often try to teach young players, when it's one of the hardest things for young players to master. Not being able to catch builds frustration and slows down drills; the best way to teach catching is through drills that focus on other skills (but more on that later).
One skill that's comparatively easy to teach and very important is doding. Go to two eight-year old beginner's clinics, one that focuses on passing and one that focuses on dodging, and the dodging clinic will clearly look like the kids are having more fun and leave with more acquired skills.
A speed ladder is a great way to teach the footwork of dodging. In the picture above, Jamie is changing direction on either side of the ladder and throwing in a hesitation when he steps inside the ladder.
Here's how Munro recommends teaching dodging, in three parts.
The Beginning
- The most important part of opening up a dodge is starting with a hard sell. That means, the first part of any dodge is running as fast as you can whichever direction want to head in order to set up your move.
- The beginning portion of a dodge should end with a hesitation move, similar to in basketball, and should set up where you want to go. For example, a split dodge starts wider so that your cut attacks bottom foot of your defender.
The Middle
- The "Wind-Up" stance is lacrosse's equivalent to the triple-threat position. In an athletic stance moving adjacent to the offense's action, a ball-carrier in a wind-up stance can shoot, pass, fake and dodge.
- Among the dodges a ball-carrier can go to are a face dodge, a hesitation move, a rollback or a rocker.
- Being physical is key to doding. If I Z-Cut (or staircase dodging, which Jamie has shown us before), I have to focus on getting my body into my defender to pin his hands on my first move, pop out into a hesitation, and then cut back into or around the frozen defender. It's a three-step move; to practice on a speed ladder, every three steps I stop and go to a rollback.
The End
- The end of a dodge needs to yield an opportunity for a good shot or pass. In order to make sure you're in the best situation, you have to anticipate what a defender will try to take away. If he knows I'm going into a question mark and I'm about to roll back to my strong hand, I have to have a counter to that.
- The blind screenshot is the most important skill. A strong-hand behind-the-back or backhand looks high-tech, but I'd like that shot over a weak-hand shot because I'm so close.
Like you might imagine based on the dodging techniques he promotes, Munro is a bigger fan of short-motion, accurate and quick release shots than other techniques that promote power, and his session didn't do a whole lot of shooting on the run (though that may have been a function of space). While the dodging tutorial was a bit more fluid, the shooting portion was focused on specific pointers.
-Skill is about how many things you can do.
-Focus on lever shots (holding your stick vertical, shooting off your collarbone with a lot of push-pull in your hands) with heat and a quick release.
-Teach the wrister, particularly helpful in utilizing a screen shot, in which your power comes from your wrists.
-Wallball should be played close to the wall (to teach quick reaction when catching) and low; off of the boards in a box arena is perfect.
-In faking, keep control over what your shoulders do to make the goalie late or early; teeter totter more time to fool the goalie.
-Jump shooting is a great way to practice body turn.
-One-timers are the best way to work on catching.
-If your players want to play with a big bag and lots of whip, ridicule their pocket until they change it (this point was courtesy of John Grant, Jr.).
Check back for more from the Coaches Summit as I work on turning these notes into posts.


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Bow Back Pullover Sweater
Style: 570093764
Out of Stock
Demure 3/4-sleeve sweater has a flirtatious keyhole opening in back, topped with a glitter-bow.
- Slim contoured fit.
- Heat-set diamante studs on bow at keyhole back. 3/4 sleeve. Ribbed cuffs and hem.
- Bra strap guides.
- 100% Rayon. Machine wash. Imported.
- Hits at mid-hip (24" from shoulder).
Read more… Read less…


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Transfer Applicants
We're delighted that you are applying to Wheaton! The information below will guide you through the application process.
Transfer applicants (regardless of citizenship) should fill out the Common Application for Transfer Students. If you have questions about the transfer application process please contact Kristen Cahalane, Associate Director of Admission.
Please note: All deadlines are by 11:59 p.m. in the time zone from which you are submitting the application. Admission
Notification Transfer (fall entry) April 1 On rolling basis Transfer (spring entry) November 1 On rolling basis
- Admission application and fee
The Common Application for Transfer Students is available exclusively through the Common Application Web site. The application fee is $60 and may be paid through the Common Application website or by personal check made payable to Wheaton College. If the fee is a burden that will prevent you from applying to Wheaton, please contact your high school to inquire about a NACAC Waiver form, or utilize Wheaton's fee waiver form.
Remember to indicate the term for which you are applying on the application and on all other forms. Be sure to sign and date your application. If submitting a paper application, please type or print clearly and write your full name and date of birth on every credential submitted as part of your application.
- Required credentials
- Secondary school report, academic transcripts (high school and college)
After completing the candidate's section, ask your high school college counselor to submit the Secondary School report form, which is part of the Common Application. An official copy of your final high school transcript is required, and should accompany the Secondary School Report. If it is not possible to obtain a Secondary School Report, please contact the Office of Admission. Official transcripts from all colleges attended are required, as well.
- College official's report
All transfer applicants must have a College Official's Report form (part of the Common Application for Transfer Students) submitted on their behalf by an official at their current or most recent college or university.
- Mid-Term Report form
Students enrolled in college must obtain up-to-date assessments of grades in progress from all instructors using the Mid-Term Report form (part of the Common Application).
- Instructor Evaluation
Ask one of your instructors to complete the Common Application Teacher Evaluation form and submit it directly to the Office of Admission by the appropriate application deadline date. Applicants are strongly encouraged to submit an evaluation from an instructor who has taught them in an academic subject within the last two years.
- English proficiency (non-native English speakers only)
Non-U.S. citizens for whom English is not the first language must provide evidence of their fluency. IELTS and TOEFL are Wheaton's preferred English proficiency tests, however the Pearson Test of English Academic (PTEA) may be submitted in lieu of IELTS or TOEFL. A score of 7.0 on the IELTS is recommended for admission. A score of at least 90 on the Internet-based TOEFL (iBT) is expected, although students who score over 100 are considered best prepared for a smooth transition to academic life at Wheaton. The code for sending your IELTS score to Wheaton is 5109. For TOEFL, the code is 3963. Students who have been studying entirely in English (without ESL support) throughout secondary school may be eligible for a waiver of the English proficiency requirement by contacting the Admission Office at firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Certification of Finances (non-U.S. citizens/permanent residents only)
All applicants who are not citizens or permanent residents of the United States must submit a Certification of Finances form or a bank statement indicating resources available to support their educational expenses.
- Secondary school report, academic transcripts (high school and college)
- Optional credentials (test scores, writing sample, portfolio)
- Academic writing sample
You may submit a graded academic writing sample. Your paper should be an analytical or research-based sample from an English, social studies, humanities or natural science class, and not an example of creative writing. Papers must have been written (in the English language) within the past year, and be no more than five pages in length. Because writing samples will not be returned, legible copies are acceptable. A writing sample can be uploaded in the "Additional Information" section of the Common Application site, or send it to us by email or regular mail.
- Standardized test scores (SAT, ACT, SAT Subject Tests)
The submission of standardized test results is optional for all candidates. If you choose to submit your results, Wheaton will accept current and redesigned SAT scores (beginning in spring 2016). Applicants may submit scores from either test. The admission committee, however, encourages international students whose first language is not English to submit their scores. English proficiency testing, (IELTS, TOEFL) is required of non-native English speakers. Candidates who believe they should be exempt from English proficiency testing may contact the Admission Office (firstname.lastname@example.com) to inquire about a waiver after submitting the Common Application.The ETS code (College Board/SAT) for sending your scores to Wheaton is 3963; the ACT code number is 1932. Score reports for submitters must be received no later than the application deadline.
- Personal portfolios
Students may wish to submit additional material with their application which may provide evidence of particular talents or interests.Wheaton requests that work representing talent in the following categories be submitted via SlideRoom*.
- Visual Arts
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*To set up a SlideRoom account click on the SlideRoom link within the Common Application.
Faculty will review these portfolios if they are submitted at least two weeks before the application deadline.
Applicants are welcome to submit portfolios representing other academic and personal accomplishments by sending them directly to the Admission Office at firstname.lastname@example.com. Please note that electronic submissions are preferred and that any hardcopy portfolios will not be returned. Examples of possible submissions include:
- Community Service Projects
- Entrepreneurial Pursuits
- Creative Writing (Please limit submissions to 5 single-spaced pages or fewer.)
- Academic writing sample
- Educational assessments/diagnostic testing
Students with specific learning disabilities or learning style differences may wish to submit copies of any recent professional assessments or documentation with their application to Wheaton. Submission of documentation is purely voluntary and all materials are kept confidential. Students planning to submit testing should note that testing should be no more than three years old.
- Campus visits and personal interviews
We encourage you to visit the Wheaton campus. Personal interviews are strongly recommended for all applicants. While you are on campus you also may participate in an information session and/or a tour. Tours and interviews are available by appointment weekdays (and Saturday mornings all fall) throughout most of the year. If you are unable to schedule a visit to the campus, the Office of Admission will attempt, upon request, to arrange an interview with a member of the Alumni and Parent Admission Committee (APAC) living near your home or school. Please contact the Office of Admission well in advance to schedule an on-campus or APAC interview. Contact us at 508-286-8251 between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. (Eastern Time) Monday through Friday.
- Financial aid
Financial aid for admitted students is determined based on a combined assessment of financial eligibility and the overall academic strength of the candidate. U.S. citizens and permanent residents applying for financial assistance must complete both the CSS PROFILE and the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The Wheaton CSS code number is 3963 and the Wheaton FAFSA code number is 002227. Non-U.S. citizens should submit the International Student Financial Aid Application (ISFAA). For more information, please contact the Office of Student Financial Services at 508-286-8232 or at email@example.com.
- Required documents for financial aid
- The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
The FAFSA is used to determine eligibility for federal funding and is required of all financial aid applicants. The FAFSA is available online. Students, along with their parents, should complete and submit the form to the processor as soon as possible after January 1. Although the form asks for specific information from student and parent tax returns, applicants should not wait to complete tax returns for the current year before submitting the FAFSA. Complete the application in early January using the best possible estimates of family income; Corrections can be submitted later. Wheaton's federal code number for the FAFSA is 002227.
- CSS PROFILE application (U.S. citizens)
Wheaton uses the information from the PROFILE to determine eligibility for institutional funding. The PROFILE is available online at http://www.collegeboard.com; processing takes only 48 hours. CSS will send you an individualized application based on the registration information provided. Wheaton's institutional code number for PROFILE is 3963. Applicants with questions about the PROFILE service should contact the Office of Student Financial Services at 800-541-3639 or at firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Student and parent tax returns (U.S. citizens)
Wheaton also requires that you and your parent(s) or guardian(s) submit copies of your federal income tax returns. If you are using estimates on FAFSA and PROFILE because you have not yet completed the appropriate year's tax return, you must submit the most recent year's tax return by the published deadline. You should include all pages, schedules and W-2 forms. Once a current-year tax form has been filed, a complete copy must be forwarded to the college. If you or your parent(s) have not and will not be filing a federal tax return, you must send a letter stating this and list all sources of income for the year.
- Noncustodial parent statement (U.S. citizens)
If your parents are separated, divorced or never married, the parent with whom you do not live (the noncustodial parent) must complete a Noncustodial Parent's Statement. You will be given a link for your noncustodial parent to complete this form when you complete your PROFILE online.
- Business/farm supplement (U.S. citizens)
If you or your parent(s) own a business or a farm, you must submit a Business/Farm Supplement to Wheaton. You will be instructed to download and complete the form when completing the PROFILE. You may also request one from the Office of Student Financial Services. This form should be returned directly to Wheaton when completed. If the business files a corporate or partnership tax return, we request that you submit a copy of the business tax return along with the Business/Farm Supplement. You may download this form from: http://www.wheatoncollege.edu/admin/SFS/forms.
- The International Student Financial Aid Application (ISFAA)
The ISFAA is used to determine eligibility for funding and is required of all international financial aid applicants. The ISFAA is available on the Student Financial Services page.
- The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
- Financial aid application deadlines
While Wheaton attempts to provide financial assistance to all eligible applicants, the college cannot assure that funding will be available for applicants whose files are completed after Wheaton's deadlines. In order to meet deadlines, students should file the FAFSA and PROFILE applications (or ISFAA for international students) at least two weeks prior to the deadline. All other required documents must be received by the published deadline for priority consideration for assistance. The financial aid application deadlines are as follows:
Financial aid deadline Transfer (spring entry) November 1 Transfer (fall entry) April 1
- Application checklist for transfer candidates
Use this checklist to make sure that you submit all credentials required for the transfer application process. Please be sure to write or type your name and date of birth (mm/dd/yy) on every non-electronic credential submitted as part of your application. Soon after we receive your application, you will receive a login ID and password that will allow you to track the status of your application online. Please note that it may take several days from the time we receive your application credentials before they appear in our online tracking system, insideWheaton.
- Common Application, including personal statement
- $60 Application Fee, payable through the Common Application website or by personal check made payable to Wheaton College, or utilize Wheaton's fee waiver form.
- Secondary School Report and final high school transcript
- College transcript(s)
- College Official's Report
- College Mid-Semester Evaluations if currently enrolled
- One Academic Instructor Evaluation
Required (If applicable)
- English Proficiency: TOEFL or IELTS scores (non-native English speakers only)
- Certification of Finances or bank statement (non-U.S. citizens only)
Optional Credentials (see details above)
- Academic Writing Sample (You may upload an academic writing sample in the Additional Information section of the Common Application or you may send it via email.)
- Standardized Test Scores (SAT, ACT, SAT Subject Tests)
- Personal Academic Portfolio
Financial Aid
- The Free Application for Federal Student Aid: FAFSA (U.S. citizens/permanent residents only)
- CSS PROFILE Application (U.S. citizens/permanent residents only)
- Student and Parent Tax Returns (U.S. citizens/permanent residents only)
- Noncustodial Parent's Statement (if applicable, U.S. citizens/permanent residents only)
- Business/Farm Supplement (if applicable, U.S. citizens/permanent residents only)
- International Student Financial Aid Application (non-U.S. citizens only)


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GSCM and The Snyder Foundation are partners to promote an end to the problem of unwanted, homeless animals and raise public awareness of companion animal overpopulation. This event includes making dog biscuits, catnip toys, and more for local animal shelters. As a tribute to Juliette Gordon Low, the hearing-impaired founder of the Girl Scouts, one part of the day will be about service and assistance animals, facilitated by The Snyder Foundation's very own education assistance dog, Spirit! Please bring a can/unopened container of dog or cat food or a dog or cat toy to donate.
Register by November 2, 2013
Who: All levels
Cost: $10 (includes patch). Adult chaperones will need to register at no additional cost
Time: 9 am- Noon for Girl Scout Brownies; 1-4pm for Girl Scout Juniors-Ambassadors
Questions? Contact email@example.com , or Ann Gearhart at The Snyder Foundation at 410. 366.0787


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TCL > July 2012 Issue > Mark A. Fogg Brings Perspective, Enthusiasm to New Role
About the Author
Sara Crocker is the Communications Specialist for the Colorado and Denver Bar Associations and is editor of The Docket, the official publication of the Denver Bar Association—(303) 824-5347, email@example.com.
Mark Fogg is the first to admit that when he travels he likes to get into the backcountry. That interest has taken him across the world with his family—from a safari in Africa, to the Philippines, to the rivers of Alaska.
There is one family trip that sticks out in the mind of Fogg's oldest son, Jim. Their family was staying at Chico Hot Springs Resort in Montana, and Fogg rented a drift boat for him and Jim to float down the Yellowstone River. This was a time before the wide use of cell phones, so they arranged to have Fogg's wife, Pat, pick them up downriver later in the day.
As they drifted down the Yellowstone, one of the oarlocks popped off and fell into the water. They couldn't maneuver the boat without it, so Fogg jumped in to retrieve it. By the time they got the oarlock in working order, the afternoon had gotten away from them and it was beginning to get dark.
Fogg and Jim, who was 8 years old at the time, tried to navigate their way down the river.
"It's to the point where I'm sitting on the front of the boat shining a flashlight on rocks or on points where we thought rocks might be," said Jim, who is now 24.
They realized this wasn't going to be a safe way to get down to their designated meeting point, so they steered the boat to shore and started walking through the open land toward lights they could see in the distance. As they walked, they heard a thunderous noise to their right—it was a band of horses. Barking alerted them to a pack of dogs, and then dozens of glowing eyes revealed a herd of deer. Eventually, though, they got to the highway, where a police officer picked them up and took them back to where Pat was waiting for them. It was quite a harrowing journey for young Jim.
"I tell that story because it is the story that, when things get tough, I think about, and I realize there's a way out," Jim said. "No matter how scared you are, no matter how hard it seems, no matter what's going on around you, there's a way out. It was cool to see my dad in the role of the person who would provide that path for me to get out of those situations when I needed it."
Plans as CBA President
On July 1, Fogg, who is general counsel for COPIC Insurance, will begin his term as President of the CBA. He will be providing a path to help advance the CBA's mission to improve the quality of its members' legal practice, to support and improve the justice system, and to support the community.
Fogg's leadership strategy is simple: set a few concrete goals and find the best way to achieve them. It's something Fogg did as President of the Denver Bar Association (DBA) in 2008–09; as President of Kennedy Childs &?Fogg, PC; and as a member of the board of directors for Escuela de Guadalupe Elementary School.
"Mark is a consensus builder," said former Kennedy Childs partner Steve Michalek. "He listens to everyone's perspective and then tries to find common ground to move a project forward. He's a great leader."
The strategy reflects the type of pragmatism necessary to balance the needs of attorneys from all walks of the profession. After meeting with leaders of the bar, Fogg has worked to hone in on a few key issues that will mark his term as President.
A "Modest Means" Program—Connecting
Attorneys to the People Who Need Them
A major concern among members of the legal community locally and nationally involves two key issues: (1) ensuring that all members of the public have access to the courts, and (2) ensuring that new attorneys can find viable means of employment. Colorado Court of Appeals Judge Daniel Taubman proposed establishing a local "modest means" program. The idea involves connecting moderate-income members of the community who need legal services with attorneys who are unemployed or underemployed. Fogg wholeheartedly supports Judge Taubman's proposal.
"I keep asking why the marketplace isn't fixing this, because we have unemployed lawyers, too many—an oversupply—and then we have this demand of middle class people who can't afford the justice system," Fogg said. "Why can't they find each other?"
To address both of these issues, Fogg will appoint a task force to develop an economic model whereby community members will have access to justice and the attorneys will be paid for their services.
Increasing Commitment to Pro Bono
Commitment to providing pro bono legal services has been a key issue in the Colorado legal profession for a long time. The Colorado Supreme Court recognizes firms, solo practitioners, and in-house counsel groups who commit to providing at least fifty hours of pro bono legal services during the year.
This year, Fogg hopes the CBA can work with the Supreme Court and the Access to Justice Commission to increase this commitment by these groups, as well as public sector attorneys, by 30%. He considers it very important for organizations with a shared interest in advancing the legal profession to have shared goals they can work toward together. Providing legal services on a pro bono basis is one such goal.
Professionalism, Mentoring, and Work–Life Balance
Fogg, who is known by his colleagues for his professionalism and his personal commitment to passing on these values, participated in creating the CBA's Professionalism Vignettes. The vignettes are high-quality interactive videos designed to be used as teaching tools at bench–bar functions, government agencies, law firms, law schools, local bars, and other venues. In 2009, the American Bar Association gave the CBA and DBA the Smythe Gambrell Professionalism Award for the vignette program's contribution "to the understanding of professionalism among lawyers." Fogg discussed the program in detail in his article "Teaching Professionalism: The Council's Vignette Program," which was published in The Colorado Lawyer in 2010.1
Former Gov. Bill Ritter, who got to know Fogg in the Denver District Attorney's (DA) Office, said Fogg has "impeccable ethics." Ritter said that when he was practicing law, he tried to emulate the kind of integrity Fogg displayed in the courtroom.
Fogg's former partner Kim Childs agrees, noting that Fogg is the kind of attorney who is interested in what makes the practice of law a profession. "That's probably one thing that sets him apart from other lawyers I know," Childs said.
Professionalism among attorneys was a priority when Fogg was DBA President and will continue to be a part of his mission during his CBA presidency. This may include creating interactive programs, such as Web tutorials; vignettes that show attorneys doing a decent job but then discuss what they can do to improve; or virtual conferences. "We need to get our practice and our manners and our civility caught up with technology," Fogg said.
The Mentoring Pilot Program that was launched by the CBA and the Supreme Court in January 2012 will wind down midway through Fogg's term. This program pairs established attorneys with attorneys who are new to the practice of law to help promote and pass on the values and ideals of the profession, share best practices, and build relationships within the bar. The pilot program included participants from the Univeristy of Denver and University of Colorado (CU) Law Schools, DBA, Larimer County Bar Association, Minori Yasui Inn of Court, Seventh Judicial District, and Adams County District Attorney's Office. It will be audited and evaluated to analyze what can be improved and to determine whether the program should be launched statewide.
Finally, work–life balance is an ongoing concern for members. Personally, Fogg strives to find that balance by annually taking stock of his activities and being sure he is committed to everything he is doing.
"Every year over the holidays, I will sit down and I will make a list of the ten to fifteen things that are taking up most of my time and I will look into my heart of hearts and I will say is that still meaningful to me? The bottom three or four things, I will fulfill my obligations but I will gracefully bow out of continuing it," he said. "That way, I can keep doing new things without taking on additional obligations on top of what I'm already doing."
To help members find ways to strike the right balance in their own lives, Fogg said he will work with the Colorado Lawyer Assistance Program—COLAP—to develop a more detailed work–life balance program for legal professionals.
Paying It Forward
Growing up in Detroit and being raised Catholic, Fogg found himself surrounded by a number of Jesuits—a service-oriented, "thoughtful" segment of the church's leadership. "Their credo is always, what more can I do?" Fogg said.
This, coupled with the values that his parents, Mildred and Ed, instilled in him, led Fogg to a career where he would have an opportunity to help people on a daily basis. In many ways, Fogg's father inspired him to seek a career in law. Though his father was the son of a Polish immigrant and never finished high school, he had the "gift of gab." Fogg is very much "his father's son," according to his sister Cheryl Rosinski. They share a strong work ethic, a love of family, and a strong faith. Most important, she said, they both can talk to anybody.
"My dad was a 'people person'—extroverted, friendly, always having a story or joke to tell; he genuinely enjoyed being with people," Rosinski said. "Mark is very much the same way."
"My dad could have been a lawyer," Fogg said. "My dad was really good on his feet and really smart. He was kind of the classic guy who, if he had gotten an education, he really could have done other things in his life—and he recognized that."
Fogg attended Michigan State University's James Madison College, where he studied justice, morality, and constitutional democracy. It was a degree that would lay a solid foundation for the philosophical issues of the law.
Fogg "liked the idea of living in the West," and enrolled at CU Law School after finishing his undergraduate studies. He interned at the Denver DA's Office, which became his first employer out of law school.
Brooke Wunnicke recalled meeting Fogg when she was Chief Appellate Deputy at the DA's Office: "I soon knew that I wanted him as an intern—a Phi Beta Kappa as an undergraduate, doing very well in law school, and a sparkle in his eye that revealed a talented and lively young man."
When he joined the office, it was staffed by a venerable group of legal legends:
> Norm Early, who was called "the preacher" and who taught Fogg "how to be a trial lawyer"
> O. Otto Moore, a former Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court, who was a member of the DA's office in the 1920s and took on the Ku Klux Klan, which at the time had influenced many political offices in Denver
> Dick Spriggs, who had served in the U.S. Attorney's Office and taught Fogg how to investigate complex cases
> Denver DA Dale Tooley, one of the best administrators Fogg has ever met
> Brooke Wunnicke, who had tried cases in Wyoming before women were even allowed to sit on juries.
"I can't tell you how lucky I was to have taken that job. It was a total game-changer in my life, because I was suddenly surrounded by legendary, honorable, great lawyers," Fogg said. "I wish every lawyer could have that experience."
Fogg said Wunnicke in particular had a big impact on his life as a mentor. Wunnicke refers to Fogg as one of her children, and said she didn't have to teach him about high moral values; all she had to do was show how those mattered to the profession.
"I tried to prepare Mark for the many ugly realities of practicing law, emphasizing that nothing should ever impair or diminish his ethical legal service," she said. "After sixty-five years, I still love the law and wanted Mark to feel that same love and adherence to the most noble precepts of our legal profession. I believe that Mark's career proves his adherence to these teachings."
In that regard, Fogg has taken time throughout his career—in public practice and later in private practice as a medical malpractice litigator at Kennedy & Childs—to provide support to new attorneys.
"He brought them under his wing. He gave them meaningful responsibility," said Denver District Judge Edward Bronfin, who worked with Fogg at Kennedy Childs. "Mark paid it forward, always. I think he has a talent for teaching and mentoring lawyers that is exceptional."
Richard Murray started as an associate under Fogg at Kennedy Childs and says Fogg taught him the "dos and don'ts of being a young lawyer." Murray added that Fogg reminded him to cherish the position they are in as attorneys, saying that it's a rare position in which they put the interest of another (the client) above their own, in hopes the result makes a positive change in that person's life.
Fogg continuously has taken on leadership roles, but he also has been involved with furthering the profession at a grassroots level.
"A classic pattern for Mark is just to take on more and more and more—and do it very successfully, even though none of it is for him," said Denver Public Schools General Counsel John Kechriotis. Kechriotis worked with Fogg on the DBA's Guest Teacher Initiative during Fogg's term as DBA President.
It's unanimous among people who know and work with Fogg that that level of selflessness is something that is just a part of who he is.
"His humanity and his big-heartedness starts with his family and continues with his law firm family, and extends to other lawyers," Bronfin said. "It's not often that you see somebody who is that uniformly giving of himself and that generous."
The Value of Family
Fogg met Pat in Denver at a party in 1979 when he was in his third year of law school. Pat, a speech pathologist, had just moved to Denver for a job. Pat recalled that Fogg's wonderful sense of humor and his ability to express himself were part of what drew her to him. They married in October 1984, and have three kids: Jim; Becca (age 23); and Mike (age 18), whom they adopted from the Philippines in 1995.
The Foggs are seeing their children forge their own paths. Jim has finished his first year of law school and is working at Reilly Pozner for the summer. Becca has just started nursing school at CU. Mike also will be attending CU in the fall; he plans to study film.
One of Fogg's proudest moments was seeing his youngest son, Mike, create a work of art in front of a live audience during the talent segment of a high school pageant. Mike painted with glue and threw glitter on the canvas; once the glitter hit, it revealed a portrait of Bob Marley. "Mike looked like Van Gogh," Fogg recalled. Mike said he became interested in art when his family took a trip to Italy when he was 9.
Becca said her parents have taught them the importance of helping others and being a professional. This is apparent in their career choices.
Mike hopes he can work on documentaries and may use that as a way to return to the Philippines. "Someday, I hope to go back and live there for a year, or do a mission, or shoot a movie there," Mike said. He said he hopes that being a documentarian would be a way to give back and to raise awareness of global issues.
As a trial attorney, there were times when Fogg's work life was hectic, but he always spent as much time with his kids as he could. Saturdays were slated for a day of fun, and every year, he and one child would go on a trip together. It was always just the two of them, and the kids called them their "dad and me" trips. With each, it was something different—Jim picked national parks, Becca chose long drives, and Mike liked to go to big cities and away sporting events.
"Those are some of my best memories with my dad," Becca said.
Pat says Mark's favorite thing to do is get together with family or friends for dinner. They are close with their children, and make sure they stay that way. "At least once every two weeks we just pick a date and say let's get together," Pat said.
Being a great father is one of Fogg's most notable accomplishments, according to longtime friend Dan Killebrew. "[His children] bring him a lot of happiness," Killebrew said. "He's very proud of them."
Fogg agrees. "You always want to do the big things in life well. I consider the big things in life to be: make your marriage as good as you can make it—and certainly I understand that isn't always possible; take care of your kids; and take care of your parents," he said. "If you can say, you know, I really did those things well, I think that's 75 percent of a successful life."
In 1994, this was all put into perspective when Fogg was diagnosed with testicular cancer. He received radiation as a result, and in 2001, he found out that the treatment had caused a sarcoma tumor in his stomach.
"That was a life-changer," Fogg said.
At the time, Fogg was given less than a 20% chance of survival, but he's been in remission for more than ten years. He recalls that, at the time, he prayed for ten years more, but now says he is "seriously renegotiating."
Life in a Stream
Beyond his family and lawyering, one of Fogg's biggest passions is fly fishing.
"A guy in the DA's Office handed me a rod and said, 'You ought to try this.' That was 1978," he said. Since that first cast, he's been hooked.
"I love the ecology of a stream," Fogg said. "I love the movement of water and the flow, and [I love] reading a stream."
Fly fishing is a hobby that has brought him closer to many of his colleagues, but more important, it is a bonding point for Fogg and his son Jim. Fogg admits Jim "didn't have a chance" when it came to taking up fly fishing. Over the years, they have fished around the country together, with Fogg's favorite trip being those where they are in the backcountry of Alaska, floating down the river.
"It was the only thing he pushed on me, but he pushed it pretty hard," Jim said. "I am totally grateful he did it, because it's been the thing that keeps us together in terms of being able to just call one another up. . . . It's almost been a microcosm for the way our relationship has changed as I got older."
There has been an element of service with Fogg's love of fly fishing, too. He volunteers with Project Healing Waters, an organization that assists in the physical and emotional rehabilitation of disabled active duty military personnel and veterans through fly-fishing and fly-tying education and outings. Fogg was in the last draft of the Vietnam War; however, the war was scaled back before his draft was called up and he did not have to serve.
"The sacrifice made by those who served was just tremendous, and I didn't have to make that sacrifice," he said. "Healing Waters is two great things I love together."
Looking Forward
Fogg has been with COPIC Insurance as general counsel since September 2011, and he plans to practice as an attorney until he's 70. He and Pat hope to do a mission together.
"I love being a lawyer but I just would like to do something more concretely for other human beings in some way before I croak," he said.
Pat says that they would like to find an opportunity that would combine their love of Jesuits with the Philippines. They have been to the Philippines twice; first when they adopted Mike and again when their children were older. "I thought it was just an amazing experience for all of us," she said. They certainly would like to go back. For now, though, their mission plans are still in "the thought stage," Pat said.
Service is something Fogg always has and always will be drawn to. "A long time ago, I intuitively understood that there was never enough money, power, or accolades to be satisfied—because you always want more, and those things are self-limiting," he said. "Service to others is limitless and has its own reward. It is a transactional universe."
Fogg has other "bucket list" items in mind, such as prosecuting war crimes at the Hague and getting better at horseback riding. For now, though, his focus is on the coming year with the CBA. His friends and colleagues are looking forward to the coming year, as well.
Longtime Kennedy Childs partner Barbara Glogiewicz said that part of Fogg's personality is just to "throw himself in whole-hog" to the cause he's working on. Others agreed that those qualities that make him a successful attorney—his drive, his attention to detail, and his tireless pursuit of a purposeful goal—will serve him well in his term as CBA President.
"He's a very ethical, competent lawyer. He is a lawyer's lawyer," said Eighteenth Judicial District Judge Richard Caschette, who worked with Fogg in public and private practice. "We're very privileged to have people like him in our practice."
1. See Fogg, "Teaching Professionalism: The Council's Vignette Program," 39 The Colorado Lawyer 73 (Jan. 2010), available at www.cobar.org/tcl/tcl_articles.cfm?articleid=6368.


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Martha Boehm
Contact firstname.lastname@example.com
Martha is originally from Brown Deer, Wisconsin. She earned her B.A. in Journalism and Mass Communication from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) in 2007, and then got her M.A. in Media Studies from UWM in 2009.
Martha began her broadcast journalism career in La Crosse as a bureau reporter/videographer in the fall of 2009. In October 2011, Martha became the 5 p.m. news producer for a TV station in Madison. She joined News 8 as the Internet Content Coordinator in October 2012.
Martha is the manager of News8000.com, News 8's social media accounts, and the News8000 mobile app. In October 2013, Martha helped design TheCompassionProject.me, a community resource website on bullying and how we can be a more compassionate community. She also manages that website for News 8.
In October 2014, Martha's job title changed to better reflect her job duties. She's now News 8's Digital Content Manager.
Favorite movie:
"Ferris Bueller's Day Off"
Do you have a personal motto or quote that inspires you?
"Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it." –Ferris Bueller
What sports team are you a big fan of?
The Green Bay Packers. I'm a stockholder!
Favorite food:
My homemade egg rolls and my husband's baked spaghetti.
What do you like about your job?
I love being able to tell stories. Whether they're told on-air or online, a well-told story is a beautiful thing.
Favorite way to spend a day off?
I like to play sports, watch movies and travel to new places.
Do you have a hobby or collect anything special to you?
I collect magnets to cities I've been fortunate enough to explore. Some of my traveling abroad highlights include a trip to London, Paris and Rome. I've also had the opportunity to travel to Australia and New Zealand.
Tell us about your family:
Brandon and I have been married since May 2012.


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Having played for the club in the late 90's and really enjoying my time at the club and in the town. I was very pleased to find this forum and enjoyed looking at some of the photographs of the old ground, seeing some familiar faces.
Great forum with a healthy following, great banter and knowledgeable posts. Good luck to you all.
Brian Waites


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Sorry, i'm posting again bc i had no luck on the other section.
Hello ladies, I've been bf my LO but ever since he was 3 months old i've been pumping (after each feeding) to increase supply while using the SNS to supplement at the breast. So, recently i came about a lot of donated milk to last us till he is one year. Because of this, i'm thinking to stop pumping to increase supply and let him just go at the breast and if he still needs more to use either the SNS or a sippy cup (which would you use if you didnt want to wean off the breast?)
So, my pumping schedule is as follows:
11:30am (nurse at 11am for napping for at least 1 hour and a half)
5:30pm (nurse at 5pm for napping for at least 1 hour and a half)
9:30pm (last pump)
So which pumping sessions should i cut first? When should i cut the next pumping session and which one? I'm thinking that i want my breast to be fullest when he wakes up from his naps? I'm a first time mom so new to pump weaning


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Headlines (Notices)
Laurier Brantford
Notice from ITS about a system upgrade Oct. 12 and 13
Communications, Public Affairs & Marketing
Oct 4/12
Enterprise Solutions group of ITS would like to advise the Laurier community that we will perform a system upgrade starting Oct. 12 at 4:30 p.m. and ending Oct. 13 at noon.
The following systems will be unavailable: Banner, Loris, MyLaurier.ca, Cognos, TMA, iServiceDesk, Millennium, and Co-op/Career Navigator.
Internet access, email, MyLaurier Student Webmail (http://mail.mylaurier.ca/), MyLearningSpace (https://mylearningspace.wlu.ca/), and Primo will remain available during this period.
If you have any questions, please contact the ITS Service Desk at email@example.com, or ext 4357.


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Last month I asked the question, why another book on recovery? In the summer issue of Tricycle, Joan Duncan Oliver, a contributing editor and the editor of Commit to Sit, an anthology of Tricycle articles, also gives her view on this topic too. Tricycle has kindly let me quote the first few paragraphs while also including a link to the rest of the article.
'Buddhist practitioners are skewing younger. Add to that growing concern about drug abuse in America, and it's hardly surprising that the Buddhist recovery field is expanding. Back in 1993, Mel Ash, then a dharma teacher … Read more »


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A 57-year-old teacher at a San Tan Valley, Arizona, high school was arrested on suspicion of being drunk while teaching a class Wednesday afternoon, a Pinal County Sheriff's Office spokesman said.
A student in Kathleen Jardine's math class at Poston Butte High School called the school's main office and said his teacher appeared intoxicated and was yelling at students, the spokesman said.
Administrators removed Jardine from her class and a deputy who spoke with her said he suspected she was extremely intoxicated, the spokesman said.
Jardine, of Chandler, Arizona, initially denied drinking, but later said she drank the night before, in the morning before school and during lunch in her classroom, the spokesman said.
A school security officer later found a half-full 750 ml bottle of vodka, an empty single-serving bottle of wine and a half-empty bottle of an orange-colored drink in Jardine's classroom, the spokesman said.
Jardine took a breath test and it returned a breath-alcohol concentration of 0.205 percent, well above the state's legal limit of 0.08 percent, the spokesman said.
The spokesman said the deputy said he asked Jardine how she got to school Wednesday, and she reportedly told him, "I was afraid I was too intoxicated to drive so I took a cab this morning."
Jardine was cited for one count of consumption of alcohol in public and was released to her daughter as this investigation continued, the spokesman said.
The school resource deputy interviewed six students from the class, and all confirmed she appeared intoxicated, was yelling at students and using profanity, the spokesman said.
Jardine could also face possible charges of disorderly conduct, the spokesman said.
Pinal County Sheriff Paul Babeu said Jardine was fired from a high school in New Mexico in 2011 for being intoxicated.
The Florence Unified School District issued this press release about the incident:
"On August 13, a teacher was reported, by students, exhibiting intoxicated-like symptoms. The fast acting administrative team at Poston Butte High School responded by removing the teacher from the classroom environment immediately. The School Resource Officer was called and it was verified that this individual was intoxicated. This individual was then arrested and removed from campus.
"Due to the pending criminal charges and this being a personnel issue, the Florence Unified School District is not at liberty to give further comment at this time. Please contact the Pinal County Sheriff's Office with any further inquiries about the criminal investigation.
"Please remember, as troubling as this situation is, it was the act of an individual and does not reflect the standards of the Florence Unified School District or the amazing people who work tirelessly for the kids who attend our schools."


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Man denies shoplifting for grandchildrenSeptember 19,2013A West Rutland man charged with shoplifting allegedly told police he stole the items for his grandchildren.
Anthony E. Sargent, 50, pleaded innocent Monday in Rutland criminal court to a misdemeanor charge of retail theft.
According to an affidavit field with the court by Rutland County Sheriff's Deputy Jessica Ryan-LeBlanc, Sargent was seen by sales staff stealing items from Kmart in the Diamond Run Mall in Rutland Town.
Police confronted Sargent, who allegedly admitted to stealing what was later found to be just under $200 worth of merchandise from the store. According to the affidavit, Ryan-LeBlanc asked Sargent why he stole the items.
"He stated 'My grandchildren are going back to school and I wanted to bring something home for them to have,'" Ryan-LeBlanc wrote.
Sargent also pleaded innocent to a charge of unlawful trespass because he has a no-trespass order against him from the mall.MORE IN This Just InWASHINGTON Long-term U.S. Full StoryMONTPELIER The Vermont attorney generals office says drug companies have complied with a state... Full StoryMOUNT HOLLY At its meeting next week, the Mount Holly Select Board will consider an ordinance... Full Story
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Whats going on. I'm Spesh from Portland ME. I am offering a free download of my 3AM Project EP at:
If you enjoy the sound feel free to download, and burn cd's of it for your friends and fam.
Allow me to introduce myself with a free EP
Started by spesh , Jan 05 2007 12:42 AM
4 replies to this topic
Posted 05 January 2007 - 12:42 AM
Posted 05 January 2007 - 04:49 AM
a rare quality of sound i would say. very good when listened very loud !
Posted 14 January 2007 - 01:08 AM
Someone turn on the heat, it's fuckin cold in here.
Posted 14 January 2007 - 06:34 PM
I took the time to listen and Ill take the time to give feedback.I felt it was very predictable. it sounded like presets and sample cds. the music is not really my cup of tea.
Posted 16 January 2007 - 11:47 PM
Your entitled man. Thanks for listening.
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Mar 9, 2010 14
Free Agency Thoughts
It's been a fairly quiet and pretty anticlimactic free agent period so far. The one thing I've learned over the years about free agency is that its impact is pretty top-heavy, and overall overrated – at least when it comes to fantasy football. There are usually 3-4 major moves that have big impacts, and there are always a few moves that appear to be under-the-radar, yet wind up being key. But for the most part, the excitement some people feel in March and April dwindles down to next to nothing come September.
That said, I still have some thoughts on what's gone down the last 5-7 days or so, and here's a quick review. If you're interested, we are keeping up on all the moves each day with our 2010 Free Agent Tracker.
The Chester Taylor signing by Chicago still boggles my mind a little bit. I understand you can never have too many quality veterans like Taylor, but let me put it this way: I don't think he would have been much better than a healthy Matt Forte behind that terrible […]