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BEST ENTRANCE: Mall Main Entrance
LOCATION IN MALL: Upper Level/Level 4, next to Corner Bakery Cafe
Call (404) 869-7443 |
Get Driving Directions |
Visit Hollister Co. Website |
View Deals | View Store on Mall Map
More stores to consider
Macy's The Fur Vault at Lenox Square
Hollister Co.
Sunday feels. #regram #HCoStyleScene priscillamoy http://bit.ly/2hl6x9O
Read More
RT @zoelaz: Winter white and army green. #HCoStyleScene #HCoPartner w/ @HollisterCo https://t.co/UOTjb8jGf5/p>
RT @echosmith: Loving this @HollisterCo top from my "Sydney" collection available online and at stores. https://t.co/53rSxQDGCY/p>
Look on the bright side: New Arrivals just dropped!
Shop girls: http://bit.ly/2gG3Rj7
Shop guys: http://bit.ly/2gG9zBi
Look on the bright side: New Arrivals just dropped!
Shop girls: https://t.co/coWFEOWiZu
Shop guys:… https://t.co/eb9eDEkUdJ/p>
So ready for the #weekend and some comfy sweatpants to go with it. http://bit.ly/2hamcIE
Seriously, what's a better gift then spending time with your #bestie? http://bit.ly/2g2ttp6
Who will *you* be celebrating the holidays with? #HCoBetterTogether http://bit.ly/2hadr1s
Seriously, what's a better gift then spending time with your #bestie? https://t.co/vQ3ZlB5QLW https://t.co/i3bmCM6pnR/p>
Make trends happen.
(And stay warm.) https://t.co/L34l72l793 https://t.co/DtcRh5OrIx/p>
'Tis the season for pine trees OR palm trees. http://bit.ly/2g2svcc
'Tis the season for pine trees OR palm trees. https://t.co/yAouUZ36Cc https://t.co/fzQe95xaio/p>
Fleece on fleece. ?? https://t.co/jxdx0MKd23 https://t.co/i5nvXS4NTw/p>
Spending the week dreaming about roadtrips. #BeepBeep ?? https://t.co/cQSgQwMOzd/p>
Sunday treats! #regram #HCoStyleScene hans_seefeldt
The '90s trend is still. ?? https://t.co/xjEmJi2til https://t.co/nNzLmCYPGs/p>
The holidays are for getting dressed to impress. #ootd http://bit.ly/2h5ebFd
Friday ?? getaway ?? vibes ??! https://t.co/7abgDJk5GQ/p>
RT @megannicole: I had such a fun time with @HollisterCo and @OperationWarm giving out coats this #GivingTuesday ??#HCoXOperationWarm #HCoPa…/p>
Match. Mix. Share. Repeat. http://bit.ly/2gBWB8k
#OuterwearGoals http://bit.ly/2gBUr8Y
RT @sydneysierota: SO into these sparkly details ????????
#HCoXSydney @hollisterco https://t.co/Suwiqkedhu/p>
Time is ticking away! RT now to win a $25 Gift Card for you & a friend! #HCoBetterTogether https://t.co/g5bVqvAwiG/p>
The week ahead doesn't look so bad from this POV. http://bit.ly/2gOyw18
This is like, the best day ever to stock up on jeans.
Shop girls: http://bit.ly/2ghIkOH
Shop guys: http://bit.ly/2ghHwcF
What would be the first thing you & your BFF got if you won a $25 Gift Card right now? #HCoBetterTogether https://t.co/ws8ogwImO4/p>
Sunday views. https://t.co/IwFVkJQ5x1/p>
Winter could strike at any moment, right? #regram #HCoPartner erickdent http://bit.ly/2guEj92
Cue the cyber confetti! ?? https://www.hollisterco.com/shop/us
Every Saturday should be a comfy Saturday. http://bit.ly/2gKelSc
Every Saturday should be a comfy Saturday. https://t.co/tMRj9S4Vlq https://t.co/2cOf37zeme/p>
When the holidays turn hectic, remember to relax. A couple ideas: a DIY lavender candle or coffee body scrub! Check out how at http://bit.ly/2ghHkd6!
#Weekends are worth a ??. http://bit.ly/2gwNENR
The ultimate shopping day is here! How are you celebrating your #BlackFriday? http://bit.ly/2fk7ywA
We know what they'll be #thankful for this year... ?? http://bit.ly/2fk4SyJ
We're thankful for YOU. So we're starting Black Friday a little early. ?? http://bit.ly/2fnZACk
There's always room for two. ?? http://bit.ly/2fk19RO
#GiftsGoneWild https://t.co/xTJhroVxZT https://t.co/AhZehN5JAG/p>
Only blue skies ahead. https://t.co/BzD2iLhu4W/p>
Warm up to ?? in the coziest parkas. https://t.co/n4bMhOUkUJ https://t.co/IYctpUxZ95/p>
Gifts on gifts on gifts on gifts! ?? http://bit.ly/2gddW88
ZAYN ???? MALIK ???? CAN ???? WIN ???? EVERY ???? AWARD ????. #AMAs/p>
.@GiGiHadid's bright red dress is all levels of #goals. ?? #AMAs/p>
Lazy #Sunday. ?? http://bit.ly/2ff8KBd
Look ??! #views #sunshine https://t.co/t9NNYi9SAW/p>
Gimme a pizza that warm jacket! http://bit.ly/2eXuIbK
The cold is no excuse to not get outside with friends. #HCoBetterTogether https://t.co/G6ZuMwuQwh https://t.co/xk8K0FSkit/p>
Gimme a pizza that warm jacket! http://bit.ly/2fPNm36
?? plaid x plaid ??
Shop girls: http://bit.ly/2eXuyBf
Shop guys: http://bit.ly/2eXxL3T
Bundle up. It's gonna be a chilly ride. ?? http://bit.ly/2eXxPAF
?? plaid x plaid ??
Shop girls: https://t.co/EnY4NCgXoj
Shop guys: https://t.co/lEr16kMxTH https://t.co/tLpByVl1W9/p>
When we're all the life of the party. ?? http://bit.ly/2eXtQnw
Patterned flannel. We're feelin' it. http://bit.ly/2fPIPO1
??Velvet dress perfection?? itsjulblo #Regram #HCoStyleScene http://bit.ly/2eXlSLd
Plaids + stripes = better together #HCoBetterTogether https://t.co/E6HDWHnagW https://t.co/irdibnbhjT/p>
#MondayBlues? Not here. http://bit.ly/2fIWPJa
#MondayBlues? Not here. https://t.co/k1dqCgX9Jy https://t.co/EYlSAMthci/p>
#Flannel forever. http://bit.ly/2fIYuyD
Soft flannel on the inside.
Warm & cozy on the plus side. https://t.co/WKTvF8lg2w https://t.co/FyB55rMhX2/p>
Go with the outerwear that's up for anything. https://t.co/rDqNhS60lc https://t.co/DSx5Yr5qoc/p>


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Renew support for adult educationJuly 10,2013
Renew support for adult education
This July 23, I ask fellow residents to join me in voting to renew Berlins longstanding support for Central Vermont Adult Basic Educations free education instruction for our neighbors. For many years, Berlin town residents have consistently committed $1,200 in town meeting appropriations to support the free adult basic education and literacy services provided to Berlin community members by Central Vermont Adult Basic Education.
This past March, although CVABE had provided all of the required documentation in advance of the towns submission deadline, the organizations special appropriations request was inadvertently omitted from the Berlin town ballot. As a result, town residents were not able to act upon the CVABE appropriations request at that time.
To rectify this oversight, the Berlin Town Select Board has added the CVABE appropriations request to the ballot for an upcoming vote on Tuesday, July 23, when the town will also be voting on zoning regulations.
As a fellow Berlin resident, and CVABEs executive director, I assure you the town of Berlins past allocations to the organization have always supported Berlin residents.
CVABE, a nonprofit organization, helps an average of 16 Berlin residents per year teaching reading, writing, math, computer literacy skills and/or English as another language. CVABE helps adult and young adult students who are working to achieve a high school credential and prepare for employment, college and/or technical training. In addition to a small, highly qualified paid teaching staff, CVABE engages and supports community volunteers in providing services to Berlin residents.
For more than a decade, Berlin voters have granted CVABEs $1,200 request, which represents a modest fraction of the organizations cost of providing education services to people in our town. As a result of CVABEs programming over the years, many residents in Berlin are now living more independently and have gained or improved employment. Many who are parents have been able to better support their childrens academics, reducing intergenerational illiteracy. Our whole community benefits from this service.
CVABE is most grateful for the town of Berlins support.
Carol Shults-Perkins
BerlinMORE IN LettersA sixth-offense DUI gets plead down to a misdemeanor. A breathalyzer is refused. Full StoryBurr Morses recollection (Whats good for the goose, Nov. Full StoryMSNBC news analyst Rachel Maddows report on the election of Republican Rutherford B. Full Story
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Welcome to the Forum for InventorSpot.com, the most popular invention related website in the world. Read our welcome message.
TracyFortuny wrote:The deaf teen inventor had a good idea - to help deaf people text message friends and family eachother on the spot. This invention would include him in family conversations. But Peter and the others didn't feel that was as important as a SARAN WRAP DISPENSER.


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By Kevin Wilson
By Kevin Wilson
When people
create a
business, it's not much of a stretch to say it's like having a new child, with months of planning leading up to uncounted extra responsibilities.
Just like coping with a new family member, a business owner must give the new addition a name, and there's just not a manual for naming businesses.
The name of a business, like the name of a person, is hard to change once picked and it becomes something the customer will forever associate with a product or service.
It's got to be something catchy, something original. However, for Clovis and Portales, it can't be Something Different — that name's already been taken.
The restaurant, started in Portales six years ago, was named when Leo and Christy Vandenberg couldn't find a name better than their running joke.
"We both went to college at Eastern (New Mexico University), and we commented almost every night that we wanted something different," Christy Vandenberg said. "We wanted different choices than a burger. We kind of joked about naming it Something Different, but we never took it seriously.
"It happened through default. Our opening was in one day. We didn't have a name, we didn't have a sign."
Eventually, the name stuck. The process varies for business owners who need a good name.
"For some people it is (a lot of work)," said David Boswell, a purchasing agent for the city of Clovis. "For others it's not a big deal. Some people are really creative about it, some people will use initials."
Boswell is one of many at the city who can help people with the process of getting a business started. Depending on the business, the process can take hours or days.
"You can get it done in a day, usually two days. (It's a matter of) catching people in their offices," Boswell said. "Let's say you were opening a computer store. That would be something relatively easy.
"You basically have zoning sign-off saying that you are at a commercial location. They're just making sure you don't have 1,200 customers at a time and you're blocking the streets."
For a business such as a restaurant, which requires health code inspections, the process in more involved.
In any case, the name is one of the first things that needs to be on a business application.
"We've had some unusual names," Boswell said. "They're strange in the way they're pronounced and written."
Sometimes, a name is just written a little differently. That's how the Foxy Drive-In came to be, according to owner Chris Bryant.
"My dad used to work at a place called the Fox Drug on Main Street," Chris Bryant said, "and that was owned by George Sasser."
When his father, A.C. Bryant, decided to partner with Sasser for the restaurant, it was going to be an extension of the drug store's trademark.
"He wanted to call it Fox Drive-In," said A.C. Bryant. "I said, 'We're catering to a younger group, so let's call it Foxy.' Back in those days, 'foxy' had a connotation of being smooth and cool. He agreed and that's the way we got the name."
The term "foxy" hasn't had that connotation in recent decades, but A.C. Bryant said that's no reason to find some other name.
"It's too well-known," A.C. Bryant said. "It's too well-accepted around the area to make any changes."
The Vandenbergs are hoping that can be the standard for Something Different as well. When the restaurant first started, Christy Vandenberg said, the menus were placed on hooks, and customers could take a marker on the table and check off the food items they wanted.
"It's based around the idea that we have so many different foods at one location, so many genres of food," Vandenberg said. "You obviously can't get two different kinds of food at most restaurants. We decided to stick with the name because we were doing so many things differently."
Some will use a name with a theme included, while others will just use their initials. Boswell said any way is fine, and he doesn't know of any regulations for naming a business.
"I think (the process is) common sense," Boswell said. "I'm not going to give you an obscene business license."
In most cases, Boswell said, a name and a plan for a business has been thought out well before it ever gets to the city offices.
"Even if it's scribbled out on a bar napkin," he said, "they've at least got a plan."


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Re: JJ and Dale Jr
Six-time Jimmie Johnson delivered the 200th victory for Hendrick Motorsports at Darlington Raceway in 2012!
Never Never Never Give Up! -Winston Churchill
Races, tracks, drivers and all the drama that comes along with it
michaeljohn wrote:wrong thread smokem
Rachael J wrote:No. 48 Lowe's / Valspar Reserve Chevrolet SS Jimmie Johnson will be driving this weekend in Talladega.
Looks good!
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text:
Sharing borders with Ecuador,america el salvi, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, and Chile, Peru is a large and diverse country. Its unique environmental variations include the arid coastal desert, the Andean Mountains and valleys, and the Amazonian tropical forests. With so many ecosystems and climatic zones, Peru is a country rich in biodiversity, with many rare species of flora and fauna. The country is home to approximately 25 million people of various cultures.
The Peace Corps first opened a program in Peru in 1962. Volunteers worked in grassroots development projects targeting health, agriculture, education and business development. The program in Peru supported over 2,600 Volunteers from 1962 until Peace Corps' departure in 1975.
On December 12, 2001 , Peru's then-president, Alejandro Toledo, officially invited the Peace Corps to return to Peru . Peace Corps Volunteers now serve in Peru by providing support to communities in four primary areas: small business development, community health promotion, environmental awareness, and youth outreach. Currently, about 170 Volunteers serve in Peru.
The Peace Corps first opened a program in Peru in 1962. Over the next 13 years, some 2,600 Volunteers worked in health and nutrition, city planning, social work, agricultural extension, agricultural cooperatives, savings and loan associations, elementary and secondary education, community development, and earthquake reconstruction (after the severe earthquake and landslide of 1970). The Peace Corps had a main office in Lima and regional offices in Puno, Cuzco, Chimbote, and Arequipa. Peace Corps' departure from Peru in 1975 was due to political and economic instability.
In 2001, then-President Alejandro Toledo invited the Peace Corps to return. As well as seeing Peace Corps as part of his development plan for the country, President Toledo had a personal relationship with the Peace Corps. When he was young, his family had hosted a Volunteer in their home in Chimbote. Volunteers taught him English and were instrumental in his attending college and graduate school in the United States. President Toledo also worked at the Peace Corps training center in California, teaching Spanish while he was going to college.
Teams from Peace Corps headquarters made assessment visits to Peru in late 2001 and early 2002, and a country agreement was signed in Lima on March 23, 2002. The Peace Corps was represented by its then-director, Gaddi Vasquez. Staff was deployed to Lima in May 2002. The first four Volunteers, third-year transferees from other Latin American countries, arrived in August 2002. They were followed by the first new group of Volunteers, who arrived for training in November and were sworn-in in February 2003. A second group arrived in September 2003. Since then, two new groups of trainees arrive to serve in Peru each year.
Living Conditions and Volunteer Lifestyle
Main article: Living conditions and volunteer lifestyles in Peru
During training, you will live with a Peruvian family near the training facility. Sharing meals, conversation, and other experiences with your host family is an important step in developing the skills and attitudes that will help you fully integrate into your host community.
For months prior to your arrival, the associate Peace Corps director (APCD) for your sector will be exploring potential assignments with counterpart agencies, local municipal authorities, and community leaders. Peace Corps strategic goals, counterpart agency goals, local interest, and the perception that a Volunteer can be successful at the site are all factors that are considered. Assignments may be in a major city, a mid-sized town, a small town, or a rural village. Geographically, volunteers are placed in the coastal and sierra regions. Peace Corps currently does not place volunteers in the jungle regions.
You will be matched to one of these assignments based on your specific background and experience. While you will have an opportunity to discuss geographic preferences with your APCD during training, the final decision will be based on the best match between your skills and community needs.
All Volunteers in Peru are required to live with a family during their entire service. Living with a family may require adjustments that some North Americans find difficult, given our cultural values concerning privacy and personal space. The benefits of this policy, however, far outweigh any negatives. Living with a Peruvian family allows you to quickly integrate into the community and greatly enhances your safety and security. In addition, your language and cross-cultural skills will be reinforced daily.
Housing is usually made of cement or adobe blocks, sometimes covered with stucco. Roofs are made of tile, corrugated tin, or thatch. You will have your own room, which may be within the larger house or a separate room within a family compound. You will likely have electricity and occasional running water, although not all Volunteers do. You will have access to either indoor plumbing or a latrine.
Main article: Training in Peru
Pre-service training consists of 11 weeks of instruction and practice in six major areas: Spanish language; staying healthy; safety and security; living in the Peruvian culture; the role of the Volunteer in development; and technical project training. During your training, you will live with a Peruvian family, sharing meals, language, and other activities. Classes are conducted at a training center in Chaclacayo (about an hour east of Lima), as well as in the surrounding communities where host families live.
Pre-service training is a dynamic, intense period of learning, and you should be prepared to work hard and absorb as much as possible. By the end of training, as a prerequisite to being sworn in as a Peace Corps Volunteer, you will be required to demonstrate certain competencies in each of the training areas.
Training is a time to reflect on your decision to serve as a Volunteer in Peru for the next two years of your life. We expect a strong commitment from each Volunteer. If you develop doubts during training, you will have the opportunity to discuss your feelings and options with Peace Corps staff.
Health Care and Safety
Main article: Health care and safety in Peru
The Peace Corps' highest priority is maintaining the good health and safety of every Volunteer. Peace Corps' medical and safety programs emphasize preventive approaches. Peace Corps/Peru maintains a clinic in the Lima office with two full-time medical officers, both of whom are experienced physicians, who take care of Volunteers' primary healthcare needs. If you become more seriously ill, you will be referred to local American-standard medical facilities or evacuated to Panama or the United States. To assist Volunteers with safety and security issues, Peace Corps/Peru employs a full-time safety and security coordinator. In addition, the Peace Corps regional safety and security officer, who covers eight countries, is based in Lima and assists in safety and security training and response as well.
Diversity and Cross-Cultural Issues
Main article: Diversity and cross-cultural issues in Peru
In fulfilling its mandate to share the face of America with host countries, the Peace Corps makes special efforts to see that all of America's richness is reflected in the Volunteer corps. Differences in race, ethnic background, age, religion, and sexual orientation are expected and welcomed among our Volunteers. Part of the Peace Corps' mission is to help dispel any notion that Americans are all of one origin or race and to establish that each of us is as thoroughly American as the other.
While our diversity helps us accomplish that goal, in other ways it poses challenges. In Peru, as in other Peace Corps host countries, Volunteers' backgrounds, beliefs, lifestyles, and behaviors are judged in a cultural context different from our own.
- Possible Gender Issues for Volunteers
- Possible Issues for Volunteers of Color
- Possible Issues for Senior Volunteers
- Possible Issues for Gay, Lesbian, or Bisexual Volunteers
- Possible Religious Issues for Volunteers
- Possible Issues for Volunteers With Disabilities
Frequently Asked Questions
2008 Volunteer Survey Results
|How personally rewarding is your overall Peace Corps service?|}}
2008 H1r::6|}}
2008 H1s::79|}}
|Today would you make the same decision to join the Peace Corps?|}}
2008 H2r::6|}}
2008 H2s::89.3|}}
|Would you recommend Peace Corps service to others you think are qualified?|}}
2008 H3r::12|}}
2008 H3s::88.3|}}
|Do you intend to complete your Peace Corps service?|}}
2008 H4r::17|}}
2008 H4s::108.5|}}
|How well do your Peace Corps experiences match the expectations you had before you became a Volunteer?|}}
2008 H5r::10|}}
2008 H5s::59.5|}}
|Would your host country benefit the most if the Peace Corps program were---?|}}
2008 H6r::2|}}
2008 H6s::110.6|}}
Main article: FAQs about Peace Corps in Peru
- How much luggage am I allowed to bring to Peru?
- What is the electric current in Peru?
- How much money should I bring?
- When can I take vacation and have people visit me?
- Will my belongings be covered by insurance?
- Do I need an international driver's license?
- What should I bring as gifts for Peruvian friends and my host family?
- Where will my site assignment be when I finish training, and how isolated will I be?
- How can my family contact me in an emergency?
- Can I call home from Peru?
- Will there be e-mail and Internet access? Should I bring my computer?
- How can people send things to me in Peru?
Packing List
Main article: Packing list for Peru
Use this list as an informal guide in making your own packing decisions. There is no perfect list! You obviously cannot bring everything we mention, so consider those items that make the most sense to you. As you decide what to bring, keep the airline's weight restriction on baggage in mind. Remember, you can get almost everything you need in Peru, most at an equal or lower price than in the U.S.
The standard for work attire in Peru is neat and professional but not fancy, which applies during pre-service training as well as Volunteer service. Think in terms of comfort, versatility, and, most important, durability (i.e., able to withstand repeated and vigorous washing). Since there are considerable variations in the weather, items that coordinate well and that can be layered on or off as needed are useful. Given the cold evening temperatures in the sierra, long underwear and flannel pajamas may be an excellent investment. Thick-soled shoes are best purchased in the United States because of price and quality, and larger men's and women's shoe sizes are difficult to find in Peru.
- General Clothing
- Shoes
- Personal Hygiene and Toiletry Items
- Miscellaneous
Peace Corps News
Current events relating to Peace Corps are also available by country of service or your home state
The following is automatic RSS feed of Peace Corps news for this country.
<rss title=on desc=off>http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&ned=us&scoring=n&q=%22peace+corps%22+%22peru%22&output=rss%7Ccharset=UTF-8%7Cshort%7Cdate=M d</rss>
( As of Saturday December 10, 2016 )<rss title=off desc=off>http://peacecorpsjournals.com/rss/pe/blog/50.xml%7Ccharset=UTF-8%7Cshort%7Cmax=10</rss>
Country Fund
Contributions to the Peru Country Fund will support Volunteer and community projects that will take place in Peru. These projects include water and sanitation, agricultural development, and youth programs.
See also
- Volunteers who served in Peru
- Sites where volunteers have served in Peru
- List of resources for Peru
- Pre-Departure Checklist
- Amigos de Bolivia y Peru


text:
Gators and Thiamine for the Soul: Nothing Can Beat This!Friday, July 9th, 2010
Yes, treatment it's been a ludicrously long time since I last wrote here. A hairy burning infernal kind of time, medical full of phantoms, recipe monsters and eaters of death. Engorged with maddened effort, frenzied frustrations, killer obstacles and so forth. All in a day's work you might say for an obsessive, soul-of-an-anarchist person like myself but no matter what you think, it's despicably hard. Fighting alone for something as vague and confused as individual freedom, starting with art and the freedom to sell it, is idiotically difficult. Mostly because no one gives a crap or recognizes that it isn't a f*cking luxury activity but something that is vitally important, even if its value isn't immediately apparent. Fact is, a lack of individual pride and freedom is something that slowly kills you if you don't have it. It is at the heart and source of all the despicable poisons that are killing us as an otherwise magnificent, beautiful, wonderfully inventive species.
(It is precisely this inventive beauty of the human soul that Revenge Ink is ALL about celebrating.)
Let me tell you an interesting story that I picked up from a National Geographic documentary about alligators in Florida. Now if Nat Geo as they now call themselves are saying modern man is involved in the death of his 'environment' you know we're truly f*cked. You know we are doomed.
Anyway, the story is that hundreds of gators were dying in this lake. Lake Griffin I believe. It took scientists six years of research and more almost-killing of experimental gators to figure out what the problem was. A fatal deficiency of Vitamin B1 or Thiamine, it turned out. Caused by a fish that contained an enzyme that neutralized Thiamine in the gators' bodies. The gators had been eating this fish before, but recently, with excess pollution and human toxicity, the lake bred only these Vit B killer fish while ALL other plant and animal life died, yes, ALL other plant and animal life, so the gators were eating nothing else and pretty much OD-ing on these killer fish.
Apparently Thiamine or Vitamin B1 is responsible for cell regeneration in the body which is the real face of what we naïvely call 'energy.' In other words, you lose thiamine in your body and you can't move anymore, you can't eat, nor metabolize your food, your cells just keep on dying and you can't do shit. Gradually, your body dies in a slow atrophy of extreme lethargy. So the gators were eating these fish, the fish were killing the gators' natural reserves of Thiamine and the gators were simply slowing down and ending up dead.
In case you didn't notice, there is a superlatively perfect readymade mythic metaphor here. Individual freedom is like Thiamine. And the Vit B killer fish is that nasty poisoning part of us that survives, our brains and souls toxically polluted by enslavement, in a poisoned environment of callous habitual greed, aka modern corporate life. The thiamine-killing enzyme in us is the corporate consumer life we live, that consumes everything, even our own desire to grow as human beings and to create anything, until we are gutted and fattened on toxic filth and begin to breed death around us without even knowing it. Just like the killer fish, as half-dead enslaved individuals, we now kill life around us without a care.
Unfortunately, the gator here is us too. It represents our deepest side, our inner life, our most profound humanity; our continued happiness, well-being and health. It represents our potential to live, in a word. It represents our future as extant beings. The gator is that part of us which refuses to be tamed, it is our capacity to live as free human beings, it is the most ecstastic part of us that is now gradually being inertia'd and apathy'd to death by the killer fish in us: our braindead enslavement to the system. Most unfortunately of all, the gator is the predator in us, the deepest 'eater' of the joys and pleasures of life, it is the one within us who loves and values life, who savors it even when we're not looking.
So why is it important to refuse to be a slave? Because as a slave you bring about your own death and the deaths of others. As a mentally shackled slave to corporate greed, you do horrible, wretched destructive things. And you do them most alarmingly, to yourself. You do them unwittingly, in a lethargic slew of apathy, callousness and a vertiginous loss of personal drive (much like the dying gator). You destroy yourself as you destroy your 'environment.' You become chronically frustrated, bored and dribble over with envy, hatred and anger that go nowhere. You need tabloids, reality shows and a stream of competitive violence to make up for your pallid frustrations. You might hate your job but lack the energy or drive to change it. Or you may feel constantly like you're chasing a carrot you will never catch. You despise your life, or maybe not, perhaps you are just chronically bored and 'need a vacation' often, you cannot survive without distractions: sex, TV, booze, drugs, pills, more sex, anything that will come along and keep you from one moment with your true self… And of course, you tell yourself this is how all people have always lived. That this is even better than how people lived before, in the 'old' world. And you breed philosophies of anxiety, frustration, a joyless Kierkegaardian universe that say life was always this worthless, throughout eternity. Your heart is hard, the vacations don't make it better, they only make it worse, you resign yourself to a lonely death and eventual lovelessness, and still you tell yourself there is nothing to be done about it, this is how it is, it can't be any different. Getting older becomes a dull struggle, life is a hum of anxiety, fears, most of all the desperate desire to please: your boss, your family, some dumb f*ck or the other. Meanwhile, in 'doing your job' you do nothing for your soul, you destroy life and most of all, you destroy yourself and your children by working for asshole corporations which destroy life in a slow and determined way. You meanwhile, become a creature of competition: some days you win, most days you don't. And over time, the sheer uselessness of your life grinds down your body, your brain, your cares, that shrivel to the tiniest boundary of family, you, your children who don't give a crap, your aging, sickened body… Until you get old and the real shit hits the fan.
But no. To live like this is not to live at all. It is only because we live in this steady atrophy as a mass of inveterate slaves, idiots and callous cowards, that life has been reduced to such resigned putrification. Our narcissism is a temporary drug against the steady and slow death of our souls, but nothing will chase away the eventual awakening, pungent with regret, that will hit you one day: oh my god, where did my life go? Was this all I could do?
Well, a genuine freedom of the soul puts an end to all this. It regenerates the mind and body, and even if you struggle like a gator in the wild, which I have certainly been doing for a while now, you feel a vital link to an inner source of refreshing energy which regulates the generation of new cells in your body. You are healed. You may be depressed or sad every now and then, but it is never as bad or desperate as when you worked for the assholes. Life is fundamentally different. The search for meaning is no longer an obsession since life itself has taken over. The philosophies of resignation are blown away under the sheer onslaught of bursting joyful thrilling life. The sheer uncontrollable unpredictable (even shitty) magnificence of it fills your being and the search for why and what and where to, all those over-wrought wranglings disappear. You know. You are alive. You are not selfish but self-informed. Freedom brings liveliness where there was inertia, compassion where there was callousness, communion where there was alienation. You are now in touch with your spiritual Thiamine and no matter how hard life hits you with its choicest weapons, you know you are at the center of your being and cannot ever be budged. NOTHING beats this sensation. It is worth living for, it is certainly worth dying for.
Living for money, for your family, for this or that. It all goes out the window. You live merely because it is all here and nowhere else. Questions cease, doubts are erased, there is only the heart beating and the everyday, the absolute raw necessity of it, but it is no longer a dull whirl. It is no longer a desperate search for something to fill the moments that come at you, no longer a scurrying through those moments, it is a powerful fullness at all times. But you pay for it.
Everything is paid for. Just as our wealth is paid for with enslaved soul-death, so our freedom is paid for with the sacrifice of our fears, doubts and over-justified anxieties. Fire is the core image of all mythology. The ancient Upanishadic Hindus had an interesting concept of fire. It was the refuge of all sacrifice, it was the 'gator' in us, its burning of everything was a symbol for the eater of life in us, our delicious appetite for deathless life and endless joy and unhindered freedom and pleasure. The idea then was to sacrifice even your knowledge into this fire. What is meant by this is not to give up knowledge, but to let go even of the meandering, useless thought-crunching that goes into a life lived without heart. The point is to throw it all into the fire of immediate life, the fire of pure and unhindered but terrifying freedom. Only this leads you to a fantastic thrilling experience of life, something that the soul-killing 9-to-5 of corporate life cannot ever give you.
Anyway to finish the story, the Florida govt stepped in and cleaned up the lake. The Thiamine-consuming gator-killers stopped breeding, the gators didn't die anymore. I've been in my own lake too. I've been killing my own poison fish that were killing my inner spiritual Thiamine. And I too have ceased to feel the death of the soul within me. When I worked as an interpreter (a story told in my novel Ugly Duckling, WHICH YOU CAN BUY HERE :D), I made a lot of money but my soul was dead. Now I have little money but my soul breathes an air purer than that of the Himalayas. My soul is free. And believe me, nothing, nothing can beat this!


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"As a cradle Catholic and a mother of seven grown children and four grandsons, I have become more educated about my precious faith through your program and featured guests and apologists than I have ever been."
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"It is the peculiarity of progress for a thing to be developed in itself; and the peculiarity of change, for a thing to be altered from what it was into something else."
~ Vincent of Lerins, Saint, noting the essential difference between development and alteration of the deposit of faith, over 1,000 years before Protestantism radically altered the face of Christianity. (Commonitorium, I, 23; see P.L., L). (see "Science and the Church")


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* Includes the Faroes and Greenland
** Elimination of intra-group sales
*** A significant part of the investment in Brazil is accounted for in the Netherlands due to Statoil's legal structure
**** The social investments figure for Norway does not include investments made by partner-operated fields.
***** Profit oil in kind for Azerbaijan for 2008 has been recalculated compared to previous years report to reflect changes in our production sharing terms with SOCAR, the national oil company of Azerbaijan, introduced after 2007.
(1) Investments include non-cash effects of entering into capital lease agreements and exclude sales of assets.
(2) Sales revenues (excluding share of net income of affiliates) by company location.
(3) Based on invoice address. Part of the cost is charged to partners in activities we operate, including those we conduct as a technical service provider. Does not include the purchase of petroleum products.
(4) Indirect taxes relate to government revenue derived from our operations. They include carbon tax, area fees, royalties, petrol duty and the like (excluding value added tax).
(5) Income taxes paid for the fiscal year 2009, but also taxes for earlier fiscal years paid in 2009. We do not pay income tax in a number of countries because we have no production or other income-generating activities there. Lead times in the oil and gas industry (the period from discovery until production begins) can be long. This means that we invest substantial sums for a number of years before generating any taxable income.
(6) The host government's share of production after oil production has been allocated to cover costs and expenses under a PSA.
(7) The voluntary or contractual contribution made by the company either to assist a community meet its development priorities (for example education, health, income generation) or to examine ways in which it can enhance existing opportunities such as local content development and the building of long-term skills to enable communities to participate in local and regional development.
(8) A one-off payment made to the government of the host country once awarded a licence.
(9) Includes pension and payroll taxes.
(10) Based on company location (the country in which the company with employees is registered). The actual number of employees present in the country is therefore likely to be different; a lower number than stated for Norway, since more employees are expatriated from Norway, and a higher number of employees in most other locations. In some countries, for instance China, we are prohibited from employing local personnel on permanent contracts. This table only includes permanent employees, not temporary employees or apprentices.
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TravelCenters of America Retail Fuel Cashier - Full Time or Part Time job in Eaton, OH
- Company
- TravelCenters of America
- Job Title
- Retail Fuel Cashier - Full Time or Part Time
- Job Type
- Part-time, Summer
- Pay Type
- Hourly
- Location
- I-70 & U.S. 127, Exit 10
Eaton, OH 45320
Retail Fuel Cashier - Full Time or Part Time
TravelCenters of America is the nation's largest full-service travel center network. We offer a variety of positions with great advancement opportunities as well as the ability for individuals to try different aspects of our business. Each site has a full-service restaurant, a large convenience store, several fast food concepts, and a service repair shop. We offer a great manager training program for those that wish to advance their career.
As a Fuel Cashier, you will need to be highly skilled in accurately processing large diesel fuel transactions, handling payments in cash, checks, and credit cards. You will need to be efficient in multi-tasking the processing of customer transactions involving merchandise, truck scales, shower reservations, different forms of transmitting communications, and handling the personal check-cashing process. Having prior experience would be to your advantage. This position requires good communication and cash-handling skills and good personal grooming habits. Physical requirements include standing up to 8 hours during a shift and able to lift up to 50 pounds.
If you are interested in a career with TravelCenters, click "Apply Now" and start your application process today!


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Max Nash/Associated Press
News about Stonehenge, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Selected Articles About Stonehenge
Stonehenge Used as Cemetery From the Beginning
With the help of radiocarbon dating, scientists may now have solved at least part of the mystery of Stonehenge.May 30, 2008 scienceNews
Celebrate Manhattanhenge Monday and Tuesday Night
The setting sun will align perfectly with the numbered streets that run east and west on the city's grid.
May 27, 2016, Friday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Sun , Manhattan (NYC) Space and Astronomy , Stonehenge (England) , Space and Astronomy , Stonehenge (England) , Sun , Manhattan (NYC)
Stonehenge revela sus secretos
Descubrimientos realizados en la década pasada han revelado más acerca del pueblo para el que los colosales monumentos de Stonehenge tenían significado.
November 10, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Archaeology and Anthropology , Stonehenge (England) , Monuments and Memorials (Structures)
Stonehenge Begins to Yield Its Secrets
Discoveries over the last decade have revealed more about the everyday lives of the people for whom the giant monuments held meaning.
November 10, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Archaeology and Anthropology , Stonehenge (England) , Monuments and Memorials (Structures)
Distant British Past Is Also Present for Salisbury
Between the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta, a copy of which resides there, and summer solstice at Stonehenge, it's big doings in Salisbury, England.
June 19, 2015, Friday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Magna Carta (1215) , Salisbury (England) , Great Britain , Stonehenge (England) , England , Pagans and Paganism , Museums , Citizenship and Naturalization
Among the Ancient Stones, Magic as Potent as Ever
How do you renovate ancient stone arrangements? At Stonehenge, that meant reconfiguring a highway and building a new visitor center.
September 9, 2014, Tuesday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Stonehenge (England) , English Heritage , Monuments and Memorials (Structures) , Great Britain
Older Than the Rolling Stones
A project aimed at recapturing the soundtrack of history suggests that the rocks at Stonehenge were chosen, and hauled from a long distance, for their ability to produce hollow, bell-like noises.
June 17, 2014, Tuesday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Noise , Devereux, Paul , Acoustics , Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture , Wozencroft, Jon , Stonehenge (England) , Rock and Stone , Archaeology
Carhenge: A Bucket-List Destination for Those With Time, and Gas, to Burn
The sculpture in western Nebraska is near no major highways, but that did not prevent a reporter from taking a detour during a recent road trip.
September 26, 2012, Wednesday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Nebraska , Cadillac Division of General Motors Corp , Automobiles , Stonehenge (England)
Made by Druids, Loved by Dragons
After 5,000 years, a new vogue for stone circles.
August 23, 2012, Thursday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Rock and Stone , Monuments and Memorials (Structures) , Stonehenge (England) , McBeth, Ivan
The Age of Austerity Challenges Stonehenge
Renovation plans for the historic site in England have been further delayed because of government budget cuts.
August 12, 2010, Thursday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Budgets and Budgeting , Great Britain , Historic Buildings and Sites , Stonehenge (England) , Cameron, David
Would Stonehenge Be Built Today?
On behalf of Memorial Committee for Remembering of Og, me want to unpack some of artistic decisions involved in project like Massive-Rocks-Arranged-in-Mysterious-Circle.
June 4, 2008, Wednesday
MORE ON STONEHENGE AND: Stonehenge (England) , Monuments and Memorials , Rock and Stone , Art
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I know it's nerdy, but I do love lurking on clutchfans after jazz beat the rockets.
Juck the Fazz. That's original.
It makes continuing to own the Rockets that much sweeter. That team and their fans can get bent. dumbasses
#BelieveInLindsey #BelieveInSnyder
In case any Clutchers are watching .. your guys tried really hard. Nice game. You just needed a couple breaks and to play a little harder.
Anyone want to make an account on there an name it something like "Royce White's Psychiatrist"?
"Ömer will crush Jefferson." lol
"I'm a moron for thinking the Browns could even sniff 10 wins in a division where the other three teams (two of whom almost always make the playoffs) made the post-season last year. Gyp Rosetti's thee God of football knowledge." - Brown Notes
I created an account there. We'll have to see if any of my posts get approved by their mods.
Actually several good comments about Boler and Matty. That was good to see.
"les grandes défaites forgent les grands hommes" - Rudy Gobert
About UsWe are a community of Utah JazzFanz that are passionate about our team. We celebrate the highs that come with last second heroics and (some of us) cry in defeat. Welcome to our community. Be respectful of others and join in to the conversation...


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Your location: Home > Essential Background > Publications
The production and use of energy is the leading source of humanity's greenhouse gas
emissions. The combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas accounts for roughly 80% of all carbon
dioxide emissions. Extracting and using fossil fuels also emits methane, some carbon dioxide, and
large quantities of carbon monoxide and other air pollutants. The industrial sector accounts for 43%
of the global CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion, the building sector 31%,
transport 22% (and growing rapidly) and agriculture 4%. These energy-related emissions could be
significantly reduced through a combination of new technologies and policies.
Leaks and spills during the extraction and transport of fossil fuels can be minimized. New
technologies can dramatically cut methane emissions from coalmines and from natural-gas distribution
systems. In oil fields where natural gas is flared off or vented because its sale is uneconomic,
small on-site power generators can be introduced to make electricity for local use, or the gas can be
compressed or converted for use by transport or near-by industries.
Fiscal and tax policies can encourage the early introduction of new technologies. By the year
2100, the entire capital stock of the world's current commercial energy system will be replaced
at least twice. Incentives for investing in more cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies
could maximize the opportunity this replacement offers for reducing emissions. Taxing emissions or
the carbon content of fuels can steer investments toward lower-emissions technologies. At the same
time, phasing out existing fossil-fuel subsidies would cut global emissions while supporting national
economic development.
The conversion efficiency of electric power plants can be raised. The world-average conversion
efficiency of 30% could be more than doubled in the longer term. This could be achieved in part
through the transition to combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs), which are likely to become the largest
worldwide provider of new energy capacity between now and 2020. The newest models already boast
conversion efficiencies approaching 60%. This is possible because the heat from the burning fuel
drives steam turbines while the thermal expansion of the exhaust gases drives gas turbines.
Power-plant emissions can also be reduced by switching to renewable sources. Renewable energy
technologies such as wind, solar, and small hydro can cut emissions while distributing electricity
more flexibly "off the grid". The use of wind turbines is now growing by over 25% per year.
Solar and biomass also continue to grow as costs decline. Total contributions from non-hydro
renewable sources are currently below 2% globally, but by 2010 more efficient photovoltaics,
off-shore wind farms, ethanol-based biofuels and other low- or zero-emissions fuel sources are
expected to penetrate the market.
Industry can further reduce its energy intensity while cutting production costs. This is the
only sector where emissions in the richest countries are already declining due to increased
efficiency in the use of energy and of materials. But these countries could reduce their industrial
CO2 emissions even further simply by replacing existing facilities and processes with the
most efficient technological options currently available. If this upgrading of equipment occurred at
the time of normal capital stock turnover, it would be a cost-effective way to reduce industrial
emissions. At the global level, industrial emissions are projected to grow dramatically as developing
countries industrialize; slowing their rate of emissions growth will require that they have access to
the most efficient technologies available.
The residential and commercial sectors can adopt more energy-efficient technologies. Emissions
from buildings continue to rise because higher demand for building services has outpaced technology
improvements. These improvements include new building controls, passive solar design, integrated
building design, new chemicals for refrigeration and insulation, and more efficient refrigerators and
cooling and heating systems. Further steps could include market-based programmes in which customers
or manufacturers receive technical support or financial incentives, mandatory or voluntary
energy-efficiency standards, public and private research into more efficient products, and
information and training programs.
Governments can remove barriers that slow the spread of low-emissions technologies. The
diffusion of new technologies and practices is often blocked by cultural, institutional, legal,
informational, financial, and economic barriers. Government policies can help to remove some of the
blockages. Information-sharing and product-labeling programmes, for example, can help consumers to
recognize the broader consequences of their decisions. Governments can also support carefully
targeted research, development, and demonstration projects for technologies that can reduce emissions
and improve efficiency. While they will want to avoid trying to pick technology "winners",
governments can play a valuable role by lowering the barriers faced by innovators and promoting a
balanced national portfolio of energy options and research programmes.
Deep reductions in fossil fuel emissions needed to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations are
possible over the next 50 to 100 years. Technology innovation, energy efficiency, and an emphasis
on renewable energy sources will be essential for achieving this goal. Since many different
combinations of technologies and policies could be used, this future energy-supply system could be
constructed in any number of ways. In the short-term, however, with the global demand for energy
certain to rise, actions to reduce emissions must continue to include a heavy emphasis on energy
© 2014 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change


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pretty good field, just a few bones to pick. basically, the paint there was not good. the highest grade paintballs they had were graphiti. aside from that they had heat and stingerz and ink'd paintballs also (and some more i cant remember lower grade) and i dont know if they were just poorly stored, but i was ripping into people and they didnt break really at all. literally, i threw one on the ground as hard as i could, and it bounced back and hit me in the face (everybody started laughing at me until i explained that that wasnt supose to happen). another thing i dislike was that i called them the day before and asked if the airball field was set up. the lady told me yes. i show up, and there are no bunkers and the field is not even close to being finished. they were renuvating the field, and it was at least 2 months away from being done. also there only field is a large woodsball field with stick piles and other bunkers
on to the positive
this is the field for new players. if you have someone new you want to bring a friend who is new to the sport, take him there. the field was very safety orinented, so also if your parents want to see how safe paintball is, this is also the place to go. the referees were pretty good as far as being informative to the newer players and they did there best to check and stuff. the head ref (i believe his name is reese, sorry if that was mispelled) was amazing. he pretty much ran the field, and he did a very good job of it. at one point, there was a bear near the field (welcome to NJ) and he and the other refs did an amazing job of keeping the players safe and getting the bear away safely. we were back to playing in 5 minutes. the field was well taken care of, and i did havre a pretty good time despite not having an airball field.
overall, like i said, this is an amazing place for newer players. next time i have a new friend to take, this is where i am going. i dont want anyone to think that this field is bad at all, it really was a positive expeirence. not so much the greatest place for tourny players (although the way they were taking care of that airball field and preparing it looked very promising). if they can get some new paint and get that airball field running, i will be returning, very expecting. if you have any questions, feel free to post them in the thread and i will try to answer them to the best of my ability
Edited by armypb4, 17 September 2011 - 08:07 PM.


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Joe Mercola and Barbara Loe Fisher declare November 1-6, 2010 "Vaccine Awareness Week"? Not so fast!
As I pointed out earlier, a rare thing happened this week, namely I don't have a full post ready for Science-Based Medicine because I'm at the Lorne Trottier Symposium. Not only have the organizers have packed my day with skeptical and science goodness, but I only have Internet access when I'm back at the hotel, which isn't very often. I suppose I could pay outrageous international roaming charges by activating international roaming on my iPhone, but why on earth would I do that except in urgent circumstances? Fortunately, David Ramey stepped in with his usual excellent work.
The trials and tribulations of actually trying to do more than be at home, work, and blog aside, I couldn't let this one pass. The ever-observant Mark Crislip sent his fellow SBM bloggers this little tidbit from the website of that well-known promoter of quackery Joe Mercola. Buried near the bottom of Mercola's "newsletter" is an announcement of this intriguing (from a blog fodder perspective) initiative:
Mercola.com & NVIC Dedicating November 1-6 Vaccine Awareness Week
In a long-scheduled joint effort to raise public awareness about important vaccination issues during the week of November 1-6, 2010, Mercola.com and NVIC will publish a series of articles and interviews on vaccine topics of interest to Mercola.com newsletter subscribers and NVIC Vaccine E-newsletter readers.
The week-long public awareness program will also raise funds for NVIC, a non-profit charity that has been working for more than two decades to prevent vaccine injuries and deaths through public education and protecting informed consent to vaccination.
The November 1-6 Vaccine Awareness Week hosted by Mercola.com and NVIC will follow a month-long vaccine awareness effort in October that was recently announced on Facebook by parents highlighting Gardasil vaccine risks.
The six-week-long focus this fall on vaccine issues will help raise the consciousness of many more Americans, who may be unaware that they can take an active role in helping to prevent vaccine injuries and deaths and defend the legal right to make voluntary vaccination choices.
And remember, you can always visit Vaccines.Mercola.com and NVIC.org for the latest vaccine news updates and other important vaccine information.
"Six week" focus? Methinks Dr. Mercola meant "six days."
Posted in: VaccinesLeave a Comment (16) →


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Dear Members,
Keep in mind that Character Bashing is now prohibited. Making fun of certain characters/character pairings leads to a pointless thread filled with insults and general rule breaking.
Also, remember that Versus threads are allowed only in the Versus section.
Thank you, NarutoBase Staff
Yes! There are hints given
No! I only believe in what I see
He was the fourth hokage.. so i thing he was able to use the kage bunshin technique o_O.
any jonin shinobi can use kage bunshins, but often they are more suited to escape than for battle, if you don't have large chakra reserves, and for escaping you usually have better jutsu that takes less chakra anyway....
The hokages clearly have access to the scroll with the jutsu on it. If Kakashi level chakra can use that many, I'd say Minato can too. Also, I could be wrong, but I thought it was mentioned he wasn't as skilled as Naruto with it, so he couldn't use shadow clones to perfect the Rasengan.
yes he can
The first hokage started the scroll *creator* or author for the kages to fill in all forbidden jutsus they might encounter. Something that can not be teached on the academy or anyone. There is no way the first hokage knew all the forbidden jutsus and the future forbidden jutsus. It's a record scroll for future hokages. The hokages has to be aware of all the jutsus in the scroll because there is always a posibility of someone without knowing doing a jutsu that's in the scroll. It could be deadly dangerious for the the user and the hokage has to be able to prevent this from happening or has to have an idea how the jutsu works if the scroll has been leaked to a capable enemy.
the hokage has to be able to record newly discovered forbidden jutsus into the scroll
Minato can defenetely do kage bunshin because he has large amount of chakra.
minato used chakra to maintain the seal of kushina strong while she was giving birth to naruto
minato used ftg multiple times
minato used rasengan
minato teleported the nine tail demon fox bomb
minato teleported the nine tail demon and the bomb
minato almost performed a barrier for the nine tail demon fox
kakashi can do the kage bunshin but he is limited to do them because of his chakra <- The only reason why kakashi refuses to use kage bunshin is bacause he reserves chakra for his sharingan. The sharingan is far more useful to him than kage bunshin. His sharingan sucks up his chakra and if he were to use kage bunshin, this would limit how long he could use his sharingan.
Last edited by yondaimeminato; 10-09-2012 at 02:37 PM.
it's a personal choice.
Naruto has given kage bunshin a whole new level. He made kage bunshin into a powerful arsenal to have in a battle. This is his technique of choice.
Minato's choice of power is FTG. Even if he can use other jutsus, he will prefer FTG over them.
Originally Posted by Bogard
Don't forget Jiraya. I never saw Jiraya use Kage Bunshin even once during all his battle, during all part1 and part2 until his fight against Pain. He didn't use it against Orochimaru for example. At that moment, we could also say that he couldn't use kage bunshin, but we've seen him use it against Pain finally. So because someone doesn't use a technique, doesn't mean he cant
that's why he'll stomp itachi for good...
yes he can...
kage shuriken no jutsu is the same jutsu...a clone applied in shuriken...
How did Lee pass the exam in the academy without shadow clone?
who the hell cares......
of course minato can do it. if he can take out and entire army in a blink of an eye with FTG, im sure he used it to teleport to each kunai that was throw at the SAME DAMN TIME.
plenty of characters know how to do kage bunshin, even ones with limited stamina like kakashi. it's the mass kage bunshin that's a kinjutsu, as it reduces the user's chakra to perilously low levels unless they're a freak like naruto
The only thing proven in this thread is that Blaze is ****ing arrogant.
Like others said I can't see why Minato wouldn't be able to use it, maybe he never needed to.
Last edited by nrodrigues; 10-09-2012 at 04:02 PM.
And not all people can do multi shadow clone, 1 because narutos ther only one who read the scroll, and 2 i thought the only reason naruto can do it without wearing himself out of chackra was because of the nine tails(kurama).i do agree,as you guys said its required in academy
your reasons are quite right and we can say that minato can perform kage bunshin but we all know that on not as high level as naruto
definitely, he can do clones. these are used to deceive enemies. in minato's case, he's too fast that he doent need to deceive his enemies.
Originally Posted by Blaze Release
As for those trolls/butthurt fans who have somehow added itachi to the thread/has called those are arent in favour of this idea haters must be either stuck on stupid/trolls are not very bright. I guess going against the op which is wrong, is hating. To me hating is when you post nonsense and outright hate on a character without giving any evidence, however id like to think ive done the opposite. The only point i couldnt prove was whether minato had this technique or not and as i said that was never the aim because it cannot be proven or dispproven, but since for unkown reasons itachi has somehow creeped into this thread due to butthurt minato fanboys who cannot accept the truth and simple logic that its unknown are just butthurt, i guess its only fair that i also include itachi in this thread. As he said "you lose";
This jibe was totally unnecessary it was going good so for this :
hottest thread..you can thank me later
anyways i woulnt dout he could use it,but blaze releases arguments are simply better then yours OP.no offense
Don't you have to make a kage bunshin for the academy exam? lol if not even genin K11 can do it Im sure Minato can
Originally Posted by ajpn920
Another great day and a good day to ask all NB users for their opinion. For some time now, there are others who believes that Minato can't do Kage Bunshin. While I personally believe he can due to some hints given by Kishi, other's do not. So, I would like everyone's opinion about this.
Elaborate please. What hints are these?
First of, we can't say that a person can't do this because we haven't seen him do when there is an evidence that can back it up and make us conclude that he can. Let's talk about the other powerful nins that did not demonstrate their ability but we know they can because of the hints given by the manga
The thing is, we actually CAN say a character cannot do a technique that we haven't seen them do. The way I am reading this so far, it seems that you think that the Shadow Clone jutsu is known by anybody of a high enough rank, when it reality, it is a B-rank jutsu meant for Jonin. In a fantasy world, it is important to put limitations on what certain characters can do, otherwise they just become Gods. Take DBZ for instance, Goku could take a planet out easily, but so could all the villains at the point in time he fought them such as Vegeta, Freeza, Cell, Majin Buu etc. It put all of them on an even plane. If Goku could become a Super Saiyan, but Majin Buu was only as strong as... Piccolo when he fought Raditz, it would not be a fair matchup. Giving characters too many abilities without doing the same to their opponents upsets the balance of the manga. The bad guys are supposed to be stronger due to the fact that it gives the main character challenge. Imagine four Minato's all using FTG. Who could really get past that?
On top of that, to do it on THIS level
Is an even HIGHER feat.
1. Hashirama: We haven't seen him using the wood techniques that Madara was diplaying but we know that it was the original tech from the 1st because wood techniques can only be performed by him that's why Madara stole that ability.
We know Hashirama could use it because Madara basically STATED that Hashirama used it against him and saw through the technique with his Sharingan.
Question: Even if we know that the techniques Madara showed us comes from the 1st but we did not see the 1st doing it, can we say that he cannot do it because we haven't seen him doing it? Or we can just use our common sense that he can do it because it was hinted that the technique Madara uses comes from the 1st? Which is which? Eyes or brain?
This is fair. No arguments here, but we do not know how long Madara had Wood Release before he died. He stated he "wanted to try it out" after he died, but that could have been with the augmentation Kabuto gave him. It's really unclear. If he had a lesser Wood Release than Hashirama like Yamato, he could have just simply experimented around with a weaker Mokuton. Is it FAIR to assume Madara could use Wood Clones because Hashirama could? Yes. I assumed it too. But we can't use it in an argument because we don't know it for a fact. Nor do any of us know Kishimoto on a personal level (and even if we did, it wouldn't matter) to know what outline he has for his characters powers.
2. Hiruzen: It was said that he know all Konoha techniques thus given the name professor but we haven't seen him perfoming those techs. He showed us only few.
Question: Even if it was said on the manga that he knows all Konoha techniques, can we say that he can ONLY do those techniques he showed us so far? If we'll count it, it won't reach 10. Do we believe in what we see or we can use the hint given by the manga that he knows a hundred or thousands of jutsu? Again eyes or brain?
This is tricky because it has different translations. Orochimaru said he "knew" all techniques, but all said he could use them. Only problem with this is that it creates a loophole as Kekkai Genkai and Clan techniques like Kagemane jutsu that are kept secret would also be involved. The Byakugan is still in Konoha, yet Hiruzen cannot use Juuken. That could have just been a mistake on Kishimoto's part. There are also times where jutsu such as Flying Thunder God or Chidori would have been beneficial to Hiruzen in his fight against Orochimaru but he did not use them, signifying that he did not know how.
3. Kakashi: It was said that because of the sharingan, Kakashi was able to copy a thousand jutsu thus giving him the nickname copy ninja. We have not seen him doing a 1000 jutsu so can we say that he can't perform it because we have not seen it? or do we take into consideration what the manga told us. Eyes or Brain?
I see where you are going here, the only problem is that the manga has given evidence to the fact that he can use 1,000 jutsu. Unless anything is stated or shown, you cannot just ASSUME it could be done.
It was mentioned by Hiruzen that the scroll was forbidden by the previous Hokage.
If my memory serves me well, at this point of time, Hiruzen was the Hokage and he took this position back after Minato died which we all know was the Hokage before Hiruzen took the position back. So, since this is part 1 and Hiruzen was the Hokage for the 2nd time, who was the previous Hokage he's referring to?
Don't anybody think that a Hokage has the position to know what was written in the scroll? If they have this oppurtunity, do you think that they don't find time reading what was written on it?
Kage Bunshin is not a special tech, bloodline or a clans technique that is only limited to a few person or a selected one. It's a B rank tech which anybody can learn. From what the manga hinted us so far, I would like to know everyone's opinion by voting on the poll. Is Minato capable of doing Kage Bunshin?
Thanks for reading!:ice:
He may have decided that as Hokage, yes he has the right to read the scroll. However, if he deemed it a technique SUITABLE for him is another manner.
You fight according to your fighting style. Since Kage Bunshin takes a large amount of chakra, it's suitable for Naruto. Not everyone has chakra to waste, especially on a Bunshin that disappears into smoke after one hit. If rank of technique were the case, Naruto should be able to perform any Katon jutsu since he can perform S-Rank wind Jutsu. Just because Kage Bunshin is, "only b-rank" doesn't mean Minato knew how to use it.
If Minato is going to use chakra taxing techniques, he better spend his time learning ones that benefit his fighting style. Minato need not worry about using Bunshin jutsu. Most Bunshins are used to get out of a tight situation/create a 2 on 1 scenario. The only problem is, who can actually corner Minato? He can catch his opponents off guard more easily with his speed and teleportation jutsu which DOESN'T require handseals.
Last edited by eyesofthekyuubi44; 10-09-2012 at 05:53 PM.
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Okay I've definitely been in this boat too - no one has blamed it on the breastfeeding yet, but I'm sure that's coming. DD is 7 mos. old and I've started to hear things like "oh, you'll get tired of bf soon," or, "I just picked up this bottle for her because you won't be bf forever." I'm not sure it's mean spirited, but just my mom and mil didn't make it past 4-6 mos. with each child so they just think it's natural to stop right about now.
I am young (okay, not super young), so I don't have many friends my age with kids, but one of my good friends has been a nanny for many years. She keeps telling me that kids who are AP'd are a pain in the behind to watch and are spoiled. I just smile and ignore it - she just may change her mind when the kids are her own.


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Grilled Salmon Packets
Prep: 10 min
Total: 20 min
Servings: 4 servings
What you need:
1 salmon fillet with skin (1 lb.)
2 small red peppers, cut into short thin strips
3 cups fresh sugar snap peas
4 tbsp. Asian Toasted Sesame Dressing
Make Grilled Salmon Packets
HEAT grill to medium-high heat.
CUT fish into 4 pieces; place 1 piece, skin-side down, on center of each of 4 large sheets heavy-duty foil sprayed with cooking spray. Spoon vegetables over fish.
BRING up foil sides. Double fold top and ends to seal each packet, leaving room for heat circulation inside.
GRILL 8 to 10 min. or until fish flakes easily with fork and vegetables are crisp-tender. Cut slits in foil to release steam before opening packets. Drizzle with dressing.
- Salmon Fillet with Skin
- Red Peppers
- Sugar Snap Peas
- Asian Toasted Sesame Dressing
Calories 250
Total fat 10 g


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William E. Frank
William E. Frank, 73, Altoona, died unexpectedly Sunday at his residence.
He was born in Altoona, son of the late John and Eva (Horell) Frank. He was twice married, first to Brenda Kennedy, who preceded him in death on Aug. 12, 1974. He then married Janet Plummer on Sept. 2, 1988, at St. Mary's Catholic Church.
Surviving are his wife; two sons: Robert T. (Tara) of Hummelstown and Brent J. of Harrisburg; two stepsons: Mark Plummer (Karen) in Vermont and Todd Plummer of State College; a stepdaughter, Leslie Guidry (Scott) of Hawthorne, N.J.; nine grandchildren; two brothers: Vincent of Altoona and Thomas (Anita) of State College; two sisters: Jane Steinbugl of Altoona and Marge Frantz of Mechanicsburg; and a special aunt, Katie Gehl.
He was preceded in death by a son, J. William, in 2002; two brothers: John J. and Walter M.; and a sister, Eleanor A.
William was a graduate of Altoona High School and retired from Warnaco in 2002 as a data processing manager after 44 years of service. He was a member of St. Mary's Catholic Church, president of the Swiss Club of Altoona for the past 10 years and a member of the Bavarian Aid Society, Unter Uns and Cesare Battisti Club.
William was an avid bowler, enjoyed sports of all kinds and was an avid Penn State fan.
Friends will be received from 4 to 9 p.m. today at The Stevens Mortuary Inc., 1421 Eighth Ave., Altoona, where a vigil for the deceased will be held. A funeral Mass will be celebrated at 10 a.m. Wednesday, Feb. 20, 2013, at St. Mary's Catholic Church by Monsignor Timothy Stein. Committal will be at St. Mary's Cemetery.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests that donations be made to the National MS Society, P.O. Box 4527, New York, NY 10163, or The ALS Association, Development Department, 27001 Agoura Road, Suite 250, Calabasas Hills, CA 91301.


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Lately I have been on a personal mission, searching for the meaning of life. An existential crisis of sorts, this road trip in my mind has taken me down a variety of paths, some of which I have visited before—while others are a road less traveled.
Still unable to move about freely, I've been feeling sorry for myself, whining a little and bemoaning my fate, unable to find the true meaning (if there is one) of the challenges I have been forced to face. I'm still in "Driving Miss Daisy" mode, so I called a friend for a ride over the weekend, gave her my itinerary and asked if we could make a few stops along the way. Obliging me with a sunny disposition (which irked me), we made our way to Jeffersonville, NY and the Enchanted Florist (www.enchantedflorist.com [2]) on Main Street, where a ribbon-cutting ceremony was about to take place.
The shop was buzzing with activity as I put on a happy face, mingled with the crowd and snapped a few pictures, grumbling under my breath that nobody knows the trouble I've seen. Unwilling to let go of my misery, I took a few notes, shook a few hands and went on my not-so-merry way, more sure than ever that mine was a heavy load to bear.
My chauffeur was far too chipper, chattering about the weather, the pretty flowers and expressing enthusiasm about my recovery and how swell I looked. Hmmph. As we pulled into the lot on another Main Street (this one in Narrowsburg) I grumbled a bit, explained to my friend about where we were going and groaned. "Cheer up!" she chirped. "It could be worse, you know." Annoyed by her joie de vivre, I groused "doubtful" under my breath and made a silent vow to figure out a way to drive myself around the Upper Delaware Valley during the coming week, wishing for a resurgence of the horse and buggy days of yesteryear.
Checking my schedule, I saw that we were about to experience "Expressions 2012," a new art exhibit being shown at the Loft Gallery, the upstairs space at the Delaware Valley Arts Alliance (www.artsalliancesite.org [3]). "Expressions," featuring the work of 17 artists, is now in it's fifth year. Upon entering the exhibit, we read that the installation, sponsored by Sullivanarc (www.sullivanarc.org [4]) showcases paintings that were "created despite numerous obstacles, including physical, communication, intellectual and emotional barriers"
Checking my negative attitude at the door, I read on. "By giving these individuals the tools to create, they have been given the ability to express themselves." Sullivanarc's mission is "to enable persons of all ages with disabilities to live as contributing, valued members of the community." Glancing around the room, I became intensely aware of the fact that my months of discomfort were nothing in comparison to a lifetime of challenges that some of these artists have not only endured, but risen above.
One of these inspiring artists, Jeannie Bartolo, who has limited movement, paints with "a custom-designed brush attached to the end of a fishing pole, which is then attached to head gear. As a result, her neck muscles have strengthened and she is able to paint more freely."
Bartolo was not in attendance, but Lenny Dalby, who paints with his feet, was—and I approached him and his instructor, creative arts specialist Vince Sanborn. "Lenny doesn't let his disabilities stop him," Sanborn said. "We do things (like painting) to celebrate their achievements. This is one of those things."
Dalby was happy to oblige when I asked him to pose with one of his works of art, while I enthused over his award-winning self-portrait, which I had seen on display at Jeff Bank in Monticello. "I can't even draw a stick figure," I told him. "Your artistry and ability boggle my mind." Lenny laughed at my observation and spun his wheelchair around, delighting in my exclamation, posing for another shot with his pal Jay Pusey.
Uplifted by the sheer genius of these artists, I strolled the gallery with Sullivanarc public relations coordinator Joan Glase and executive director Susan Diamond, feeling my self-pity wash away as each painting spoke a thousand words. Any thoughts of my own recent challenges faded to black as I became more and more impressed with the incredible accomplishments of these talented individuals and the dedicated staff at Sullivanarc.
The meaning of the age-old expression (widely attributed to a Chinese proverb) is clear. "A picture tells a story just as well as a large amount of descriptive text" (www.phrases.org [5]). Unable to express myself with paintbrush in hand, I have no choice but to resort to (a few hundred) words.
On display until March 31, "Expressions 2012" should (IMHO) be on everybody's list of destinations as spring invites us to explore the world around us. As for my personal mission? Whining is officially off the table.


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Public Policy
What you'll study.
Albion College's major in public policy provides students with an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the mechanisms by which government interacts with stakeholders for the common good. It draws on the principles, practices, and research methods of the social sciences and philosophy to provide students with the theoretical and analytic skills relevant to today's most pressing global issues.
What you'll do.
While discussions of public policy issues are often controversial and polarized, the underlying principle of the major is one of sound analysis first and logical advocacy second. These skills are further developed through internship and/or practical research experiences. Students interested in public policy typically are deeply involved in their communities, are leaders in on- and off-campus organizations, and/or follow issues of interest at home and in our global society
Most, but not all, past students majoring in public policy have also completed the Gerald R. Ford Institute for Leadership in Public Policy and Service concentration.
Where you'll go.
Students who major in public policy often enter careers in the government or within the government relations sections of the private sector. The major also provides a strong background for students planning to attend law school or to continue on with graduate studies in public policy, public administration, public health, or social policy.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us.


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Detroit's historic bankruptcy trial beginsBy COREY WILLIAMS
the associated press | September 03,2014ap photo
Detroit Emergency Manager Kevyn Orr raised more than a few eyebrows a year ago when he took the city into bankruptcy and predicted it would be out by the time his term expired in fall 2014. Many experts predicted it would take years to resolve. But the city will take a major step toward that goal with a trial in federal bankruptcy court that started Tuesday.DETROIT Opening statements in Detroits historic bankruptcy trial began Tuesday afternoon in federal court, where lawyers for the city will attempt to convince a judge that its plans to wipe out billions of dollars in debt should be approved.
Attorney Bruce Bennett, who is representing the city, went first during opening statements in U.S. District Court, saying though progress has been made, the city is still in distress. He also said the plan gives creditors all of value that the city can provide.
All the revenue sources creditors can reach and are permitted to reach are exhausted, Bennett told Judge Steven Rhodes.
The trial in U.S. District Court comes a little more than 13 months after Detroit became the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy. Detroit expects to cut $12 billion in unsecured debt to about $5 billion, according to Bill Nowling, a spokesman for state-appointed emergency manager Kevyn Orr, who has been in charge of the citys finances since March 2013.
Most creditors, including more than 30,000 retirees and city employees, have endorsed the plan of adjustment put together by Orr, who guided Chrysler through its bankruptcy, and his restructuring team. The strongest opposition to the plan has come from bond insurers, such as New York-based Syncora Guarantee.
The plan includes commitments from the state, major corporations, foundations and others to donate more than $800 million over 20 years to soften cuts to city pensions. In return, pieces in the city-owned Detroit Institute of Arts would be placed into a trust to keep them from being sold to satisfy creditors.
General retirees would take a 4.5 percent pension cut and lose annual inflation adjustments. Retired police officers and firefighters would lose only a portion of their annual cost-of-living raise.
Tuesday was the first in whats likely to be a number days in which the citys debt, the rights of its creditors and what is allowable under bankruptcy law will be debated. Dozens of witnesses are expected to be called by the city, Syncora and other creditors.
Bennetts opening statement quickly moved from what unsecured creditors are not allowed under both state and Chapter 9 laws to the citys so-called Grand Bargain to save the DIA pieces. No alternatives to that deal have been offered that would give the city a comparable amount of money while the collection stays in Detroit, Bennett said.
The DIA is one of the relatively few institutions Detroit has that might draw residents back, he said. It would be most assuredly a reasonable decision to keep it in Detroit.
Syncora has said its claim is about $400 million and believes Detroit has unfairly discriminated against financial creditors.
It has been a very fast-track bankruptcy, which Syncora has no issue with, company attorney James Sprayregen said. Syncoras issue is the lack of transparency of the process and the unfair treatment of its claims.
Rhodes has scheduled additional hearing dates, if needed, into October. But in the end, bankruptcy expert Anthony Sabino expects Rhodes to approve Detroits bankruptcy plan followed by appeals from creditors.MORE IN National / World BusinessNEW YORK Its not just the musical Hairspray that will air live on NBC tonight. Full StoryOXON HILL, Md. Far from the Las Vegas Strip, MGM Resorts International opens its $1. Full Story
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Hi there,
My baby was born premature and was not able to latch on at birth due to her small size. I have bottle fed up until now, she was born Dec 1st and EDD was Dec 22. Doctors said at birth that she was an additional week premature upon exam.
I only started trying yesterday, we have tried to get her to latch on without a breast shield with no success. She will however, latch on with a nipple shield.
I could not continue today because no matter how much she is latched on I get extreme pain! She seems to be full on, but no matter which breast she is on it hurts to the point where I cannot continue.
Any thoughts on what I do at this point? Any advice would be appreciated!


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Opposition to FTT grows in Europe
Opposition to Europe's proposed Financial Transactions Tax among investors is rising following the European Parliament's decision to authorise 11 of its member states to push ahead with its introduction by 2014.
France has already gone ahead with the introduction of a 20 basis point tax on the purchase of shares in companies worth in excess of €1bn. Italy authorised the introduction of its version of FTT on shares and derivatives. Spain has been discussing a draft FTT bill.
Final implementations will vary, but the European Union has said it will permit the final FTT levy of 10 basis point on bonds and shares and one basis point on the notional value of derivative transactions. The 11 members authorised to introduce it comprise Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Austria, Greece, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Estonia.
In an open letter to European Commission Michel Barnier, Noel Amenc, professor of finance at Edhec Business School, the French academic institution, said: "The theoretical arguments in support of FTT as a measure to reduce volatility are, at best, mixed."
He added that the tax would lead to an increase in the cost of capital "with, a consequential negative impact on economic growth in Europe."
Amenc said: "The Commission should draw lessons from the recent failed introduction of the FTT in France.
"The taxed French stocks have recorded an average fall of 15% in volume. Some investors have decided to modify their equity portfolio by underweighting French stocks in favour of non-taxed European firms.
PensionsEurope, the European pension fund lobby group, has also come out in opposition to the FTT measure, saying its members would end up being taxed to recover the cost of a financial crisis for which it has not been responsible.
Its legal adviser Floriana Cimmarusti added: "We express deep concern about this directive proposal which would severely impact pension beneficiaries. Current and future pensioners would be requested to pay even more costs. The FTT would make transactions more expensive and net returns even lower. Even the investment strategy would be negatively impacted."


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The Case of the Missing Mars Water
The Case of the Missing Mars Water Plenty of clues suggest that liquid water once flowed
on Mars --raising hopes that life could have arisen there-- but
the evidence remains inconclusive and sometimes contradictory
Listen to this story (requires RealPlayer)
January 5, 2001 -- Mars may once have been a very wet place. A host of clues remain from an earlier era, billions of years ago, hinting that the Red Planet was host to great rivers, lakes and perhaps even an ocean. But some of the clues are contradictory -- they don't all fit together in a coherent whole. Little wonder, then, that the fate of water on Mars is such a hotly debated topic.
The reason for the intense interest in Martian water is simple: Without water, there can be no life as we know it. If it has been 3.5 billion years since liquid water was present on Mars, the chance of finding life there is remote. But if water is present on Mars now, however well hidden, life may be holding on in some protected niche.
Right: Sedimentary rock layers like these in Mars's Holden Crater suggest that the Red Planet was once home to ancient lakes. [more information]
Based on what we have observed so far, Mars today is a frozen desert. It's too cold for liquid water to exist on its surface and too cold to rain. The planet's atmosphere is also too thin to permit any significant amount of snowfall.
Even if some internal heat source warmed the planet up enough for ice to melt, it wouldn't yield liquid water. The Martian atmosphere is so thin that even if the temperature rose above freezing the ice would change directly to water vapor.
Signs of Heavy Flooding
What caused these giant floods? Was it a climate change, perhaps brought about by a change in Mars's orbit? Or was the planet's own internal heat responsible? And, whatever mechanism caused the floods in the first place, where has all that water gone? Was it absorbed into the ground where it remains today, frozen? Or did it dissipate into the Martian atmosphere, where it was subsequently lost to space? No-one knows for certain the answers to these questions.
Some scientists believe that the catastrophic floods that carved the outflow channels occurred nearly simultaneously, releasing such vast quantities of water that they merged into an ocean that covered the northern lowlands. Tim Parker of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory first proposed such an idea in 1989. Parker, examining images taken by the Viking Orbiters, found what he believed were remnants of two ancient ocean shorelines, which he called "contacts," one inside the other, in the Martian north.
Expanding on this notion, in 1991 Vic Baker of the University of Arizona, suggested that Mars might not be geologically dead and permanently frozen. Instead, he proposed, Mars might undergo cycles, or pulses -- first heating up, releasing groundwater and forming an ocean in the north, then dissipating the ocean back into the planet's crust and re-freezing.
More recently, Jim Head and colleagues at Brown University, found evidence that is consistent with a shoreline that might indeed have existed at the inner of Parker's two proposed contacts, contact 2. Head and colleagues examined elevation data gathered by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and found that the elevation at points along contact 2 were much closer to a straight line than those at contact 1. They also found that the terrain below this elevation was smoother than the terrain above it. Both of these findings are consistent with the former presence there of an ocean.
But the story doesn't end there. Shortly after Head and colleagues published their findings, Mike Malin and Ken Edgett of Malin Space Systems used the Mars Orbital Camera (MOC) aboard MGS, to take a series of high-resolution images of contact 2 terrain. Their conclusion: there's nothing there.
Right: In this topographic drawing of Mars, blue indicates the area where an ocean once may have existed. Credit: NASA Mars Global Surveyor Project; MOLA Team Rendering by Peter Neivert, Brown University
And the debate continues. Says Mike Carr of the U.S. Geological Survey, author of the book Water on Mars, "We're getting all this new data from MGS, and I think a lot of it is just not understood yet. It's very hard to understand. The whole business of the oceans, the evidence is so contradictory."
Mysterious Valleys
Mars's small-valley networks, which occur mainly in the southern highlands, pose another perplexing problem. Scientists who first studied images of these valleys thought they resembled river valleys on Earth. So, they reasoned, a similar process, the runoff of rainwater, must have formed them.
Above: Nirgal Vallis, south of the eastern part of Valles Marineris, superficially resembles a river-cut valley on Earth. [more information]
For Mars to be warm enough to rain, however, it would have needed a much thicker atmosphere than it has today. And no-one has come up with a clear-cut explanation for how such an atmosphere could have formed.
One alternative theory is that a process known as sapping, or collapse caused by the softening of the soil by groundwater, created the valleys. Yet another notion is that perhaps glaciers covered the regions around the valleys, and that glacial meltwater carved them. As with Mars's other watery mysteries, however, the question of how the valley networks formed remains unanswered.
And if these vexing problems weren't enough, recent images from MOC reveal a startling new puzzle. In nearly a dozen different locations on Mars - all of them far from the equator - there are signs that water has been seeping out of the walls of valleys and craters, forming small gullies. Some scientists speculate that this activity is very recent, perhaps occurring within the past 10 years; others say 10 million years is more likely.
Yet many aspects of these seepage gullies defy common sense. "They sure look like water-worn features," says Mike Carr, "but they seem to contradict what we know about the stability of water." They occur not only in the coldest regions on Mars, but on slopes facing away from the Sun, where the temperature rarely gets above minus 50 degrees Centigrade. Yet the water appears to be seeping out from only 100 meters below the surface, a depth at which scientists previously believed Mars's crust to be frozen solid. Scientists are busily working to devise an explanation for this phenomenon.
Above: Martian gullies in Newton Crater. Scientists hypothesize that liquid water burst out from underground, eroded the gullies, and pooled at the bottom of this crater as it froze and evaporated. If so, life-sustaining ice and water might exist even today below the Martian surface -- water that could potentially support a human mission to Mars. [more information]
There is one additional thorn in the side of those who study
water on Mars. No evidence of carbonates has yet been found anywhere
on the planet. Carbonates are minerals that form readily when
liquid water reacts with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. If
Mars had abundant liquid water in its past, carbonates should
be detectable in the Martian rock record. The Thermal
Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument aboard MGS
was designed to look for just such a signature. But so far it
has found none. Perhaps other evaporites, such as sulfates (as
detected in Martian meteorites and interpreted from landing site
analyses), are the dominant material of this type on Mars.
What Next?
New debates will undoubtedly emerge as data from Mars Global Surveyor is digested. In 2001, NASA will send a new orbiter to Mars, which will include a higher-resolution spectrometer to search for carbonates. In 2003, NASA will send two rovers to Mars to hunt for water's signatures in rocks and soil on the surface. But many questions about the history of water on Mars are likely to remain unanswered until samples are returned from the Red Planet for examination on Earth. Says Carr, "I think the sample return is what we want, particularly of sediments. And if we could get samples of things like this back on Earth, I think it would do an awful lot to help us understand what's going on [on Mars]."
Astrobiology Institute -- Home page
Mars Global Surveyor -- Up-to-date information about the mission, including images and movies
Science@NASA Stories about Mars:
Making a Splash on Mars -- On a planet that's colder than Antarctica and where water boils at ten degrees above freezing, how could liquid water ever exist? Scientists say a dash of salt might help.
Unearthing Clues to Martian Fossils -- The hunt for signs of ancient life on Mars is leading scientists to an otherworldly lake on Earth.
Sedimentary Mars -- New Mars Global Surveyor images reveal sedimentary rock layers on the Red Planet that may have formed underwater in the distant Martian past.
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Ohio Northern University to name stage in honor of Nils and Susan Riess
Ohio Northern University will dedicate the Freed Center for the Performing Arts' stage in honor of Nils and Susan Riess on Friday, April 11, at 7:30 p.m. prior to the ONU production of "Footloose."
"Nils Riess has been the central figure in growing, developing, managing, and leading the Freed Center and the academic programs it houses," said Daniel A. DiBiasio, Ohio Northern University president. "His numerous accomplishments are as great as his many talents. In so many ways, Nils is the Freed Center, and we have deep respect and abiding affection for him. Nils leaves a legacy of purpose, professionalism and progress, a legacy that ensures a vibrant future for the Freed Center and all that happens within such a special space."
A native of New York City, Riess became chair of the ONU Department of Communication and Theatre in 1982 and spearheaded the growth and reputation of ONU as one of the top theatre programs. During his tenure at ONU, the department has grown from 12 majors to more than 130. Riess has expanded the theatre program to include a minor in dance, a Bachelor of Fine Arts in musical theatre, a guest artist program and an international studies program. He also was instrumental in setting up the Bachelor of Fine Arts in international theatre production. Riess considers international collaborations an integral part of the theatre program. In addition to founding the International Play Festival, he has hosted numerous international artists and facilitated student study programs and internships throughout the world.
Riess was prominent in planning the design and construction of the Freed Center for the Performing Arts. As a director, he has staged more than 100 plays and produced more than 400 performance events. He has experience as a professional actor, director, stage manager and consultant in arts education, and is an associate member of the Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers. He has served on theatre and dance advisory panels and as an on-site theatre and dance evaluator for the Ohio Arts Council.
In 2005, Riess was recognized for his contributions to the theatre world and his academic accomplishments with the Ohio Governor's Award for Arts in Education