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Goodbye to Ruth's final surviving teammate…
Billy Werber, who had the distinction of being the last surviving teammate of Babe Ruth as well as the last player to play against Babe Ruth while he was with the Yankees, has passed away at the age of 100.
(Courtesy Baseball Hall of Fame)
Werber played 4 games with the Yankees in 1930 before being sent to the minors. He returned to the Yankees in 1933. With the Yankees infield manned by Tony Lazzeri at second base, Frankie Crosetti at short, and Joe Sewell at third base, Werber was deemed expendable and traded to the Boston Red Sox after playing 3 games for the Yanks. In 1934, Werber became the starting third baseman for the Red Sox, and hit 11 home runs, 67 RBIs, 129 runs, 40 stolen bases, with a .321 batting average. He also had 200 hits, 41 doubles and 10 triples. He was an aggressive baserunner in the 30's, second only to Ben Chapman and led the AL in SB's three times.
Werber also played for the 1940 world champion Cincinnati Reds. For his career, he played 11 seasons, and hit 78 home runs with 539 RBIs in 1,295 games. His career batting average was .271, and he had a total of 215 SB's. Other notable former teammates included Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, and Lefty Grove.
In recent years, Werber had quit watching baseball and one of his stated reasons was dismay over Johnny Damon's "long hair and beard". Maybe he reacquired a passion for baseball in his last few years when Johnny adopted the "corporate" look with his relocation to the Bronx!
Meanwhile, on the Andy Pettitte front…
Why do I keep getting the visual image of Chevy Chase looking at the cameras, and saying "Generalimissimo Francisco Franco is still dead!"…
Every time I try to rationalize why the Yankees should just give the 5th spot to Phil Hughes, or go outside of the organization and sign Ben Sheets or even Freddy Garcia at this point, I keep thinking that Andy's only viable option is New York and they need him and his innings pitched just as badly. C'mon guys, just split the difference and call it a day!
Tomorrow is moving day as the Yankees move their offices across the street into the new stadium (right on schedule).
6 Comments
Wow – 100 years! What Mr. Werber must have seen! I too hope that he found his way back to baseball.
Wow, the last surviving player to have played with Babe Ruth. Great background on him, and I don't know how he could start to like Johnny Demon (sorry for this, I hate him) after hating him for so long? Maybe the same way I can hate him after loving him for so long?
And I think the Yankees should sign Andy Petite, kind of like the way I think the Sox should sign Varitek already!!
I'm anticipate a visit to the new Yankee Stadium, and I regret not going to the old one.
I think we'll sign Pettitte. What are his other options? Retirement? I'd rather have him than Jon Garland any day, and Garcia already went to the Mets. Plus, he'll be great backup for Hughes. Sign him, I say!
I talked with Bill Werber in 2003 when he was 95, and we spent a lot of time chatting about the game. A guy from SABR had just written a new book on him. Bill had really clear memories of Babe, Ted Williams, et al. He was a good guy, lived a great life.
Also, I'd consider it a great personal favor if you would please credit the Baseball Hall of Fame on that photo. It is on Google because I got it for my MLB.com story, which had the credit: "Courtesy of Baseball Hall of Fame." – Mark


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Head games Montpelier Theatre Guild meeting features unusual hats and behavior
Above: Mary Cerutti, left, leans over and slyly whispers to Kayla Kirkland as they participate in a meeting of the Montpelier Theatre Guild on Saturday. Left: Kayla Kirkland and other members of the Montpelier Theatre Guild play the pointing game during a meeting at Union Elementary School.
MONTPELIER Heather Jarvis wore a rag with holes and a metal shaving bowl on her head Saturday at Union Elementary School.
She wasnt crazy she was just one of the performers at an unusual board meeting.
Jarvis was imitating the 17th-century fictional character and chivalry-inspired adventurer Don Quixote. In Man of La Mancha, the Broadway musical adaptation of the book, Quixote believed the rag given to him was a gossamer scarf and the shaving bowl was a helmet.
Actors and actresses wore unusual hats, sang tunes from musicals, and played improvisational games Saturday at Union Elementary School during one of the most candid board meetings in the area.
Barbara Smith of Montpelier was wearing a hat made of fake fruit, which included a small pineapple and miniature grapes, in homage to the Portugese-born music and film star Carmen Miranda.
She was a singer and dancer, and Heather reminded me she did the Chiquita banana commercial, Smith said.
The annual meeting of the Montpelier Theatre Guild included some typical board motions as members conducted their business. But individuals indicating approvals, disapprovals and abstentions were required to cast their votes in varying ways, from waving ones hands in the air while shouting to stomping ones feet.
As part of the meeting, members played several improvisational games. One required the group of nearly 20 people to form a circle, then pairs of people would walk into the middle and ask each other questions.
Another game had two individuals sit in a pair of chairs, with one person acting normally and another pretending to act as weirdly as possible to make the other person leave.
Several attendees wore hats used in musicals. Other hats were inspired by Broadway productions. Mary Cerutti dressed up as Mary Poppins and Berlin Elementary School art teacher Lynn Spencer wore a cowboy hat with a horse-drawn carriage prop on top as a tribute to the Oklahoma! song The Surrey with the Fringe on Top.
Spencer said she had always been involved in helping fifth- and sixth-graders in her schools productions, but she started community theater herself last fall with the groups production of The Music Man.
The show had six performances in November with a cast of around 45 and some 15 people in the stage crew. The guild aims for one or two performances each year, and the nonprofit organization is looking for show ideas and proposals from interested directors for its next production.
firstname.lastname@example.com IN Central VermontMIDDLEBURY According to WebMD, Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes a persons muscles ... Full StoryTiffany Briggs and Kayla Jackson eyed each other across the table, clasped hands, and then it was... Full StoryMARLBORO Police are investigating a burglary on Higley Hill Road. Full Story
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Host:rabbit polyclonal; Species Reactivity: human, monkey; Application: WB
This rabbit polylonal antibody was raised against a synthesized peptide corresponding to the region of Ser46 of the human p53 protein. The sequence of the immunization peptide is identical to the Anti-p53 (pSer46) (cat#54430) without the phosphorylation specificity.


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Index of content:
Volume 114, Issue 2, 14 July 2013
- Lasers, Optics, and Optoelectronics
Tunable multifunctional magneto-optical devices based on magnetophotonic crystals comprising liquid crystal defect layers114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812726View Description Hide Description
In this paper, we are going to demonstrate how realization of tunable magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs) is possible through introduction and investigation of a couple of structures containing a single liquid crystal (LC) defect layer. Our starting point is the recently discussed issue according to which in such structures any alteration in optical characteristics of the LC component will cause changes to happen regarding the overall magneto-optical (MO) response of the LC-based MPC. It will be shown that our optimized MPC structures are not only powerful in most respects but also multifunctional. For instance, while a structure is capable of being operated as a sensing tool with regard to the very factor that tends to control its MO response, other modes of operation offer a function of a switchable optical filter and also a perfect MO isolator.
An explanation for invalidity of working currents' derating on improving light-emitting diode devices' reliability114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813092View Description Hide Description
Derating of the working current level does not work for improving GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) devices' reliability. The present work demonstrates that it is not the levels but the specific components of the applied electrical currents weighing more on LEDs' degradation. Existing defects are sources for tunneling currents and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) non-radiative recombination current, and the component of tunneling currents and SRH non-radiative recombination current in the applied electrical current will in turn induce fast increase of defect density. The current component from electron tunneling to deep levels in the vicinity of mixed/screw dislocations will affect more on LEDs' degradation than other components, such as heavy-hole tunneling via intermediate state. In a whole, the overflow leakage current from the active region and Auger recombination currents in the applied electrical current will generate positive effects to alleviate LEDs' degradation.
The effect of ultrafast laser wavelength on ablation properties and implications on sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812491View Description Hide Description
We investigated the role of femtosecond (fs) laser wavelength on laser ablation (LA) and its relation to laser generated aerosol counts and particle distribution, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) signal intensity, detection limits, and elemental fractionation. Four different NIST standard reference materials (610, 613, 615, and 616) were ablated using 400 nm and 800 nm fs laser pulses to study the effect of wavelength on laser ablation rate, accuracy, precision, and fractionation. Our results show that the detection limits are lower for 400 nm laser excitation than 800 nm laser excitation at lower laser energies but approximately equal at higher energies. Ablation threshold was also found to be lower for 400 nm than 800 nm laser excitation. Particle size distributions are very similar for 400 nm and 800 nm wavelengths; however, they differ significantly in counts at similar laser fluence levels. This study concludes that 400 nm LA is more beneficial for sample introduction in ICP-MS, particularly when lower laser energies are to be used for ablation.
Absolute spectral characterization of silicon barrier diode: Application to soft X-ray fusion diagnostics at Tore Supra114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813093View Description Hide Description
This paper presents an experimental protocol for absolute calibration of photo-detectors. Spectral characterization is achieved by a methodology that unlike the usual line emissions-based method, hinges on the Bremsstrahlung radiation of a Soft X-Ray (SXR) tube only. Although the proposed methodology can be applied virtually to any detector, the application presented in this paper is based on Tore Supra's SXR diagnostics, which uses Silicon Surface Barrier Diodes. The spectral response of these n-p junctions had previously been estimated on a purely empirical basis. This time, a series of second-order effects, like the spatial distribution of the source radiated power or multi-channel analyser non linearity, are taken into account to achieve accurate measurements. Consequently, a parameterised physical model is fitted to experimental results and the existence of an unexpected dead layer (at least 5 μm thick) is evidenced. This contribution also echoes a more general on-going effort in favour of long-term quality of passive radiation measurements on Tokamaks.
Tunability of InGaN/GaN quantum well light emitting diodes through current114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813225View Description Hide Description
In the recent years, InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) have gathered much importance through the introduction of white LEDs and dual wavelength LEDs. However, the continuous tunability of InGaN/GaN QW LEDs has not been well addressed or discussed. In this paper, we introduce the tunability of an InGaN/GaN QW LED having a well width of 4 nm and In mole fraction of 0.3. The results, obtained from self-consistent solutions of the Schrödinger and Poisson equations, show that the transition energy of the LED may be continuously tuned by the device current. A prominent nonlinearity of the transition energy with the device current is generated, which should be of interest to the research workers in the field of optoelectronics.
- Plasmas and Electrical Discharges
The role of mass removal mechanisms in the onset of ns-laser induced plasma formation114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812577View Description Hide Description
The present study focuses on the role of mass removal mechanisms in ns-laser ablation. A copper sample is placed in argon, initially set at standard pressure and temperature. Calculations are performed for a 6 ns laser pulse with a wavelength of 532 nm and laser fluences up to 10 J/cm2. The transient behavior in and above the copper target is described by a hydrodynamic model. Transmission profiles and ablation depths are compared with experimental results and similar trends are found. Our calculations reveal an interesting self-inhibiting mechanism: volumetric mass removal in the supercritical region triggers plasma shielding and therefore stops proceeding. This self-limiting process indicates that volumetric mass removal does not necessarily result in large ablation depths.
Study of strain propagation in laser irradiated silicon crystal by time-resolved diffraction of K-α x-ray probe of different photon energies114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813095View Description Hide Description
An experimental study on the time resolved x-ray diffraction from laser shocked silicon crystal, carried out using a 10 TW Ti:sapphire laser system, is presented. The characteristic Kα x-ray line radiation generated by 45 fs laser produced plasmas of two different target materials (iron and copper) is used as the probe, whereas the stretched pulse of sub-nanosecond duration (pump), derived from the same laser, is used to compress the sample. The use of x-ray probe of different photon energies yields information about the strain over a greater crystal depth. The dynamics of the strain propagation is inferred by monitoring the evolution of rocking curve width of the shocked sample at different time delays between the pump and the probe pulse. The shock velocity deduced from these measurements is ∼106 cm/s, consistent with the sound velocity in bulk silicon. The maximum elastic compression observed is 0.4%, indicating a pressure of 0.8 GPa.
- Structural, Mechanical, Thermodynamic, and Optical Properties of Condensed Matter
Molecular dynamics simulation of Al grain mixing in Fe/Ni matrices and its influence on oxidation114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812387View Description Hide Description
Al x Ni yFe(1−x−y) alloys are structural materials with potential application in high-temperature oxidizing environments. These materials are of specific interest as they have the ability to develop an oxidation resistant surface layer. To study diffusion and oxidation processes related to this surface layer formation, the mixing behavior of different sized Al grains in pure Ni and Fe matrices, with approximate grain/matrix atom ratio of 1:3, at temperatures above and below the structure melting point, was studied using ReaxFF-based molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations have been carried out at constant pressure, with temperatures being stepwise ramped over the range of 300-3000 K. For the Ni matrix, our results indicated lower chemical strain energy for Al in the mixed alloy and completion of mixing at a lower temperature for the Fe matrix. These results confirm that the Al-Ni alloy is energetically more stable than the Al-Fe alloy, which is in agreement with experiment. Further, larger Al grains appear to be favorable for mixing with Fe matrix, whereas for Ni matrix, smaller Al grains appear to be favorable. We suggest that this Al grain size effect on mixing matrices is due to the differences in formation energies between Ni/Al and Fe/Al alloys and differences in Ni-Ni and Fe-Fe bond distances. We also performed additional cooling simulations over the temperature range of 3000-300 K. The simulations revealed that for the considered cooling rate Fe alloy solidifies at a lower temperature than Ni alloy. Moreover, both alloys solidify to chemically disordered crystalline structures, of which the Ni structure is less ordered than the Fe structure. Preliminary oxidation simulations of slab structures with single grain indicate that the dynamics of matrix/grain mixing processes have a pronounced influence on the oxidation reactions. We find that Al and Ni atoms in their unmixed state are the most active reactants towards oxygen, while the Al/Ni alloy and pure Fe layers show substantially slower oxidation kinetics.
Effects of surface oxide layer on nanocavity formation and silver gettering in hydrogen ion implanted silicon114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812736View Description Hide Description
We have made an investigation of the surface oxide effects on nanocavity formation in hydrogen implanted silicon and the influence of resultant nanocavities on diffusion and gettering of implanted silver atoms. A wafer with a 200-nm SiO2 surface layer was implanted with 22.5 keV H ions to a dose of 1 × 1017 cm−2, yielding the concentration peak of implanted H ions at ∼140 nm below the SiO2/Si interface. Subsequently, two sets of Si samples were prepared, depending on whether the oxide layer was etched off before (Group-A) or after (Group-B) post-H-implantation annealing. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy, Group-A samples exhibited an array of large-sized nanocavities in hexagon-like shape, extending from the surface to the depth ∼140 nm, whereas a narrow band of sphere-shaped nanocavities of small size was present around 140 nm below the surface in Group-B samples. These Si samples with pre-existing nanocavities were further implanted with Ag ions in the surface region (∼40 nm projected range) and post-Ag-implantation annealing was conducted in the temperature range between 600 and 900 °C. Measurements based on Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy revealed much different behaviors for Ag redistribution and defect accumulation in these two sets of samples. Compared to the case for Group-B Si, Group-A Si exhibited a lower concentration of residual defects and a slower kinetics in Ag diffusion as well. We discuss the role of thick surface oxide in point defect generation and recombination, and the consequence on nanocavity formation and defect retention in Si. The properties of nanocavities, e.g., their depth distribution, size, and even shape, are believed to be responsible for the observed disparities between these samples, including an interesting contrast of surface vs. bulk diffusion phenomena for implanted Ag atoms.
The effect of a thermal gradient on the electromigration-driven surface morphological stabilization of an epitaxial thin film on a compliant substrate114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812289View Description Hide Description
We report a theoretical analysis on the surface morphological stability of a coherently strained thin film that has been grown epitaxially on a deformable substrate and is simultaneously subjected to an external electric field and a temperature gradient. Using well justified approximations, we develop a three-dimensional model for the surface morphological evolution of the thin film and conduct a linear stability analysis of the heteroepitaxial film's planar surface state. The effect of the simultaneous action of multiple external fields on the surface diffusional anisotropy tensor is accounted for. Various substrate types are considered, but emphasis is placed on a compliant substrate that has the ability to accommodate elastically some of the misfit strain in the film due to its lattice mismatch with the substrate. We derive the condition for the synergy or competition of the two externally applied fields and determine the optimal alignment of the external fields that minimizes the critical electric field-strength requirement for the stabilization of the planar film surface. We also examine the role of the temperature dependence of the thermophysical properties and show that the criticality condition for planar surface stabilization does not change when the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the surface diffusivity is considered. Our analysis shows that surface electromigration and thermomigration due to the simultaneous action of properly applied and sufficiently strong electric fields and thermal gradients, respectively, can inhibit Stranski-Krastanow-type instabilities and control the onset of island formation on epitaxial film surfaces.
Modeling mechanophore activation within a crosslinked glassy matrix114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812581View Description Hide Description
Mechanically induced reactivity is a promising means for designing self-reporting materials. Mechanically sensitive chemical groups called mechanophores are covalently linked into polymers in order to trigger specific chemical reactions upon mechanical loading. These mechanophores can be linked either within the backbone or as crosslinks between backbone segments. Mechanophore response is sensitive to both the matrix properties and placement within the matrix, providing two avenues for material design. A model framework is developed to describe reactivity of mechanophores located as crosslinks in a glassy polymer matrix. Simulations are conducted at the molecular and macromolecular scales in order to develop macroscale constitutive relations. The model is developed specifically for the case of spiropyran (SP) in lightly crosslinked polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). This optically trackable mechanophore (fluorescent when activated) allows the model to be assessed in terms of observed experimental behavior. The force modified potential energy surface (FMPES) framework is used in conjunction with ab initio steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of SP to determine the mechanophore kinetics. MD simulations of the crosslinked PMMA structure under shear deformation are used to determine the relationship between macroscale stress and local force on the crosslinks. A continuum model implemented in a finite element framework synthesizes these mechanochemical relations with the mechanical behavior. The continuum model with parameters taken directly from the FMPES and MD analyses under predicts stress-driven activation relative to experimental data. The continuum model, with the physically motivated modification of force fluctuations, provides an accurate prediction for monotonic loading across three decades of strain rate and creep loading, suggesting that the fundamental physics are captured.
Chemical selective microstructural analysis of thin film using resonant x-ray reflectivity114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812245View Description Hide Description
Strong modulations of the reflected x-ray intensities near the respective absorption edges of the constituent materials promise to determine layer composition of thin film structures along with spectroscopic like information. Near the absorption edge, the orders of magnitude more contrast beyond the pure electron density distributions of materials find an approach to overcome the low density difficulty of the conventional x-ray reflectivity technique. These aspects are explained by experimental studies on partially decomposed boron nitride thin films. Chemical composition profile is determined from free surface to the embedded buried layer with depth resolution in nanometer scale. The results of resonant reflectivity for chemical analysis are correlated with depth dependent x-ray photo electron spectroscopy.
Enhanced p-type conduction of B-doped nanocrystalline diamond films by high temperature annealing114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813134View Description Hide Description
We report the enhanced p-type conduction with Hall mobility of 53.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in B-doped nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films by 1000 °C annealing. High resolution transmission electronic microscopy, uv, and visible Raman spectroscopy measurements show that a part of amorphous carbon grain boundaries (GBs) transforms to diamond phase, which increases the opportunity of boron atoms located at the GBs to enter into the nano-diamond grains. This phase transition doping is confirmed by the secondary ion mass spectrum depth profile results that the concentration of B atoms in nano-diamond grains increases after 1000 °C annealing. It is also observed that 1000 °C annealing improves the lattice perfection, reduces the internal stress, decreases the amount of trans-polyacetylene, and increases the number or size of aromatic rings in the sp2-bonded carbon cluster in B-doped NCD films. These give the contributions to improve the electrical properties of 1000 °C annealed B-doped NCD films.
Predicting alloy vibrational mode properties using lattice dynamics calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and the virtual crystal approximation114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812737View Description Hide Description
The virtual crystal (VC) approximation for mass disorder is evaluated by examining two model alloy systems: Lennard-Jones argon and Stillinger-Weber silicon. In both material systems, the perfect crystal is alloyed with a heavier mass species up to equal concentration. The analysis is performed using molecular dynamics simulations and lattice dynamics calculations. Mode frequencies and lifetimes are first calculated by treating the disorder explicitly and under the VC approximation, with differences found in the high-concentration alloys at high frequencies. Notably, the lifetimes of high-frequency modes are underpredicted using the VC approximation, a result we attribute to the neglect of higher-order terms in the model used to include point-defect scattering. The mode properties are then used to predict thermal conductivity under the VC approximation. For the Lennard-Jones alloys, where high-frequency modes make a significant contribution to thermal conductivity, the high-frequency lifetime underprediction leads to an underprediction of thermal conductivity compared to predictions from the Green-Kubo method, where no assumptions about the thermal transport are required. Based on observations of a minimum mode diffusivity, we propose a correction that brings the VC approximation thermal conductivities into better agreement with the Green-Kubo values. For the Stillinger-Weber alloys, where the thermal conductivity is dominated by low-frequency modes, the high-frequency lifetime underprediction does not affect the thermal conductivity prediction and reasonable agreement is found with the Green-Kubo values.
Surface morphology evolution of m-plane GaN during molecular beam epitaxy growth: Impact of Ga/N ratio, miscut direction, and growth temperature114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813079View Description Hide Description
We present a systematic study of morphology evolution of m-plane GaN grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on free-standing m-plane substrates with small miscut angles towards the –c and +c [0001] directions under various gallium to nitrogen (Ga/N) ratios at substrate temperatures T = 720 °C and T = 740 °C. The miscut direction, Ga/N ratio, and growth temperature are all shown to have a dramatic impact on morphology. The observed dependence on miscut direction supports the notion of strong anisotropy in the gallium adatom diffusion barrier and growth kinetics. We demonstrate that precise control of Ga/N ratio and substrate temperature yields atomically smooth morphology on substrates oriented towards +c [0001] as well as the more commonly studied –c miscut substrates.
A model used for Hugoniot prediction of material at high-temperature along isobaric path114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813482View Description Hide Description
A model was derived in this paper to calculate the high-temperature Hugoniot of solid material along isobaric path by using an enthalpy-based equation of state (EOS) model. It provides a way and complements the Mie-Grüneisen EOS for studying high-temperature Hugoniot of materials. The Hugoniot of tungsten at 1223 K in moderate pressure range (0–10 GPa) and the Hugoniot of molybdenum at 1673 K in high pressure range (10∼300 GPa) were calculated using the presented model. The calculated results fit in with the literature data. The model can satisfactorily predict the Hugoniot of solid at high temperature over a wide pressure range. The model was also extended to predict the Hugoniot of porous materials with high initial temperature along isobaric path; and the Hugoniots of multi-component solids and porous materials at high temperature were also calculated combining with the pressure equilibrium method.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO/ZnS and ZnS/ZnO core shell quantum dots: Effects of shell thickness, impurity, and dielectric environment114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813094View Description Hide Description
In the present work, we investigated theoretically the linear, nonlinear, and total absorption coefficients and refractive index changes associated with intersubband transitions in ZnO/ZnS core shell quantum dot (CSQD) and ZnS/ZnO inverted CSQD (ICSQD), emphasizing on the influence of the shell thickness, impurity, and dielectric environment. The effect of the polarization charges due to the possible existence of the dielectric mismatch between the system and its surrounding matrix is considered. The electronic structures are numerically calculated by employing the potential morphing method in the framework of effective mass approximation. We find that in both impurity-free CSQD and ICSQD, increasing the shell thickness red shifts significantly the threshold energy and enhances drastically the nonlinear absorption coefficients and all the refractive index changes, independently on the dielectric environments. Similar behaviour has also been observed in most of the cases studied when the impurity is displaced from the core center to the shell center. In contrast, comparing to a dielectrically homogeneous system, dispersing the systems into a matrix with a lower dielectric constant blue shifts all the peak positions of the absorption coefficients and refractive index changes. However, the corresponding magnitudes (in absolute value) are substantially reduced. Finally, we find that the nonlinear properties are more sensitive to the external perturbations, while at a weak radiation intensity, the variation of the total quantities is generally dominated by that of the corresponding linear terms.
X-ray microbeam three-dimensional topography for dislocation strain-field analysis of 4H-SiC114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812496View Description Hide Description
This paper describes the strain-field analysis of threading edge dislocations (TEDs) and basal-plane dislocations (BPDs) in 4H-SiC using x-ray microbeam three-dimensional (3D) topography. This 3D topography enables quantitative strain-field analysis, which measures images of effective misorientations (Δω maps) around the dislocations. A deformation-matrix-based simulation algorithm is developed to theoretically evaluate the Δω mapping. Systematic linear calculations can provide simulated Δω maps (Δω sim maps) of dislocations with different Burgers vectors, directions, and reflection vectors for the desired cross-sections. For TEDs and BPDs, Δω maps are compared with Δω sim maps, and their excellent correlation is demonstrated. Two types of asymmetric reflections, high- and low-angle incidence types, are compared. Strain analyses are also conducted to investigate BPD-TED conversion near an epilayer/substrate interface in 4H-SiC.
Spontaneous ZnO nanowire formation during oxidation of Cu-Zn alloy114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812569View Description Hide Description
A combination of electron microscopy and in-situ x-ray diffraction is employed to study the thermal oxidation of brass (Cu 0.7 Zn 0.3 alloy) in order to elucidate the mechanism of one-dimensional growth of ZnO nanostructures. Oxidation of the brass alloy results in the growth of a ZnO overlayer with ZnO nanowire formation on the ZnO layer. Increasing the oxidation temperature thickens the ZnO overlayer while suppressing ZnO nanowire formation on the top, which provides clear evidence that the formation of ZnO nanowires is related to a stress-driven mechanism that involves accumulation of compressive stress generated from the ZnO/Cu-Zn interfacial reaction and relaxation of the compressive stress by outward grain-boundary diffusion of Zn.
Ramp compression of iron to 273 GPa114(2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813091View Description Hide Description
Multiple thickness Fe foils were ramp compressed over several nanoseconds to pressure conditions relevant to the Earth's core. Using wave-profile analysis, the sound speed and the stress-density response were determined to a peak longitudinal stress of 273 GPa. The measured stress-density states lie between shock compression and 300-K static data, and are consistent with relatively low temperatures being achieved in these experiments. Phase transitions generally display time-dependent material response and generate a growing shock. We demonstrate for the first time that a low-pressure phase transformation ( -Fe to -Fe) can be overdriven by an initial steady shock to avoid both the time-dependent response and the growing shock that has previously limited ramp-wave-loading experiments. In addition, the initial steady shock pre-compresses the Fe and allows different thermodynamic compression paths to be explored.


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Address: 625 Lakeshore Drive
Location Description: The lake is located between Santa Fe Road and Dennis Road at Lakeshore Drive.
History: From September 1953 until March of 1954, for 17 months, a severe drought condition in Olathe forced water to be brought to the city by rail or truck. Olathe's primary source of water, the "Old" Olathe Lake (now called Cedar Lake) had become not more than a bed of silt. In September of 1953, Olathe put forth plans for building a new and larger water source for the city.
Plans were drawn up to include a 1,500 ft. dam on a lake with 170 surface acres with an average depth of 28.5 ft. and a maximum depth of 60 ft. Total cost of the dam, concrete, access roads and laying pipeline to the water treatment plant was set at $531,243 In October of 1953, the City of Olathe approved a $590,000 bond issue to build the lake.
The lake was formed by damming up Cedar Creek and its drainage basin with an area of approximately 16.9 square miles.
Lake Olathe is a 170 acre lake surrounded by a 208 acre community park originally dedicated in 1959.


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A program at the Tomah VA is helping veterans overcome physical limitations and do activities they never thought they'd be able to do again.
Sparta resident Clarence Brooks, who served in New Mexico in the 1960s, is one of them.
On Tuesday, he tossed a medicine ball against the wall at the Tomah VA gymnasium, warming up to do something he hasn't done in decades -- cross-country skiing.
"I haven't been back on skis in years, but I'd love to get back on them," said Brooks.
But this time will be different.
He's going to try a sit-down ski.
The Cross-Country Ski Clinic is a new part of the Tomah VA's adaptive athletics program. It's about getting vets out of the house and back into the community.
"A lot of veterans feel like they're kind of just left and they have injuries either from their military time or post-military, but they don't know what to do," said Danita DuBord, a recreation therapist at the Tomah VA.
After the indoor warm-up, it was time for Brooks to head out into the cold and get strapped into the sit-down ski.
With a little push from some staff members, he glided away through the snow.
"The adaptive skiing and the adaptive sports, period, for all of us elderly guys, I mean, the sky's the limit -- just so long as we stay positive, and practice, and continue to believe, and rely on the staff here. And the staff here is so supportive, Jesus!" said Brooks.
Sometimes a little push from the right people can go a long way.
Brooks said getting to an adaptive cross-country skiing competition is now a new dream of his.
Veterans have two more chances to try out the Cross-Country Ski Clinic. The final sessions will be Tuesday, Feb. 19 and Tuesday, Feb. 26 from 2 to 3 p.m. at the Tomah VA's gymnasium.
The Tomah VA offers a lot of other adaptive athletics as well, like archery, cycling, golf, fishing and bowling.
Any vet interested in participating in adaptive sports can contact Danita DuBord at 608-372-3971 ext. 66449 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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If I said to you "Sacco," you'd be likely to respond in one of two ways: "Sock-what?" or "Vanzetti!" To the first, I would repeat myself; to the second, I would tell you that, although Michael Dukakis has proclaimed "that any stigma and disgrace should be forever removed" from those two names, that's not what I meant anyway. I was referring (I would tell you) to the first beanbag chair, released in 1968 by an Italian company, and called "Sacco" (which probably means something very like "sack"). In 2000, talented Finnish designer Jukka Setälä introduced the newest--and possibly the largest--of Sacco's spawn: the Fatboy. Soon the Fatboy, like an autumn salmon, returned to its home and multiplied, so that Setälä's company now offers four models of beanbag furniture. What truly sets these pieces apart from other beanbags (more than just their size) is their versatility. While a normal beanbag very nearly lets you do quite a few things almost comfortably, Fatboys, thanks to their defined shapes, are genuinely useful as multiple kinds of furniture. Whatever your fitness magazines may tell you, we say it's always good to have a Fatboy around the house.
Regular Price: $99.00
Special Price $59.99


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ASME is built with the most modern web standards, which give you a better & more reliable experience.
Join ASME's community of engineers to learn new technologies, keep your skills up to date, explore solutions to technical problems and advance your career.
As an ASME member, you can take advantage of extensive professional and student benefits, most of which are available at no additional cost or at a substantial discount.
ASME strives to provide world-class service to its members, customers and site visitors, and welcomes your questions and feedback via email, telephone or fax:
ASME Customer Care
800-843-2763 (U.S/Canada)
001-800-843-2763 (Mexico)
+1 646-616-3100 (outside North America)
Fax: 973-882-1717
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
This field of work allows me a great sense of satisfaction, because I am working on assuring that our water stays clean for future generations.
– Brian Hannon, P.E.,
ASME Member since 1997
ASME Group Insurance Program
Bank of America® Credit Card
Membership Discounts, Perks and Privileges
Receive exclusive resources and a free ME Magazine subscription, discounts on training, conferences & publications, and join thousands of dedicated engineers.
More about ASME – The AmericanSociety of Mechanical Engineers


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The Student Life graduate positions are exciting opportu nities to be involved with collegiate life at Loyola. The graduate positions involve a wide variety of responsibility and opportunities to gain valuable transferable skills for any area or profession. The graduate positions report to an Assistant Director within Student Life and assist with either running a residential area, office, or desk area. Responsibilities vary, but can include supervision of student staff, programming, student conduct intervention, and housing operation administration.
Below are the qualifications for our graduate positions. If you have any additional questions about our graduate positions, please email us at Student Life.
We have taken time to talk with our current and past GRCs about what they feel is important to include in the position. We continue to place the academic success of our graduate students as our first priority and ensure that we are maximizing the graduate student's ability to balance academics with the assistantship.
Click here to apply online for the 2016-17 school year.
Here is what some of our GRCs had to say about their graduate experiences in Student Life at Loyola:
"The GRC position is one that is both challenging and rewarding. Through this position, I believe that I have strengthened my clinical and crisis management skills, which is invaluable in the field of Psychology. I have the opportunity to develop some amazing Resident Assistants through direct supervision and have established connections not only with fellow GRCs and professional staff, but with a variety of key leaders throughout the campus. While on duty, I serve as a first responder who is charged with the task of assessing situations and providing support to residents and sometimes their families when they need it most. It is hard work, but I would not have it any other way!"
- Eta M.
"After two years as a GRC, the GDC position provided a great opportunity to maintain a connection with student life and students while living off campus. While it's been different to not work as closely with the RAs, I have loved working with my four desk coordinators. This is a unique job position on campus - it requires a lot of organization and professionalism to manage a staff of 193 students. Participating in Student Life's training provided me with a sound knowledge base on topics like giving feedback and managing a staff - skills that this position definitely requires!"
- Liza B.
"My experiences as GOC have helped me develop better communication and helping skills as I work with students through a variety of challenges. One of the greatest things about working as a GOC has been the great support system I have gained through my fellow GOC, GRCs, and administrative staff. Overall, working as a GOC has greatly aided in my adjustment to graduate school as well as provided me with experiences that will enhance my knowledge and skill development in the PsyD program at Loyola University Maryland."!"
- Corey M.


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Branded medications continue to face tremendous headwinds in the face of generic competition. Pharmaceutical brand managers often employ a host of strategies to raise brand awareness and increase market share with varying degress of success.
RelayHealth offers a host of solutions that leverage the power of the nation's largest pharmacy network, serving 50,000 retail pharmacies, to offer pharmaceutical manufacturers solutions that improve their brands' success in the market. Whether it's helping your brand overcome the barriers posed by the prior authorization process, giving you the ability to provide targeted co-pay assistance at the point of dispense or delivering critical medication information to the pharmacist (e.g. recalls), our solutions can help you achieve your goals.


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Missing Mazomanie man found tortured, killed
Graville went missing in June, was considered endangered
The half brother of a Mazomanie man with Asperger's syndrome who had been missing since June has been charged with killing him and burying his body.
At a news conference Tuesday, Dane County Sheriff Dave Mahoney said Matthew Graville was tortured and abused by his half brother who killed him, froze his body in a freezer and then buried it near Mazomanie last July.
Jeffrey Vogelsberg, 28, is charged with first-degree intentional homicide and hiding a corpse. The sheriff said the 27-year-old Graville lived with his half brother in Mazomanie before Vogelsberg moved to Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington with his wife, who's in the Army.
Mahoney said Graville's life was filled with torture, physical abuse and mental abuse.
Graville's body was buried in a wooded area of public land near Highway 130 south of Lone Rock, according to Mahoney.
"In 33 years, I find it very difficult to find another case where an individual took advantage and abused a developmentally disabled male for their own entertainment," Mahoney said. "Matthew lived a living hell, one in which he could only find peace in death."
Mahoney said a step grandfather in Monroe prompted police to look into the case.
Graville had Asperger's syndrome and was considered endangered when the Dane County Sheriff's Office reported him missing in October.
Laura Robar, 49, of Fort Atkinson, Graville's stepmother, was arrested on suspicion of ID theft and party to a crime of hiding a corpse. Mahoney said she's suspected of misusing Graville's disability support and finances.
Robert McCumber, 28, of Mazomanie, the owner of the land where Graville's body was hidden, took police to the scene where Graville's body was found, according to Mahoney. Investigators said McCumber admitted to burying the body with Vogelsberg.
McCumber was arrested on suspicion of hiding a corpse.
Graville and his half brother were living at McCumber's home in Mazomanie with the Vogelsberg family, according to the Sheriff's Office.
Vogelsberg is in custody in Washington.
Tanner Furry, a neighbor who lives near McCumber's property, said he talked to Vogelsberg a couple of times and that he seemed strange.
"(Vogelsberg) was in the war, he told me. (He) said he got shot and he just seemed like he lost it. I don't know, like he was still in the war, or he must have thought, because that's how he acted," Furry said.
Furry said he also saw Graville with injuries.
"Yeah, I'd seen him have a broken nose a few times. I didn't know if that was from him or his brother or what happened. I know he had a broken nose a couple of times," Furry said.
The Dane County Medical Examiner's Office said Tuesday that it has positively identified the body as that of Graville. The official ruling on the cause and manner of Graville's death is pending additional study, officials said.
Copyright 2012 by Channel 3000. The Associated Press contributed to this report. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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During winter term, several student-athletes have been profiled in extensive featured articles at northcentralcardinals.com. The series, titled Cardinal Close-Up, is authored by student sports information assistant Jeremy Rushing '14, who's majoring in English print journalism.
Check out these profiles posted during winter term:
Josh Winder '14, men's track & field
Jenny Swanson '13, women's basketball
Kevin Gillespie '12, men's basketball
Krista Cota '14, women's cross country/track & field
Ross Artley '13, men's swimming
Nathan Fitzenreider '13, wrestling
Click here to view all archived profiles from winter and fall terms and last academic year.


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A Greenpeace inflatable approaches Gazproms giant Arctic oil platform Prirazlomnaya off the North-eastern coast of Russia in the Pechora Sea.
© Denis Sinyakov / Greenpeace
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Floral Lace Trim Cami
Style: 570116209
Out of Stock
Perfectly purple hues flourish throughout this stretch knit cami with feminine touches of lace and printed chiffon along the neckline.
- Close stretch fit.
- Elastic straps adjust at back.
- Ruching down center over bust for flattering shape.
- Lined bust.
- 95% polyester, 5% spandex. Machine wash, cold. Imported.
- Approximately 25" in length.
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The Institute communicates its scientific and educational information in a number of ways. One major outlet is peer-reviewed publications and reports. Cary Institute staff regularly publish in the best-rated journals in their respective fields.
Export 4 results:Sort by: Author [ Title] Type Year
Filters: Author is Staehr, P. A. [Clear All Filters]
Ecosystem respiration: Drivers of daily variability and background respiration in lakes around the globe", Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 58, p. 849–866, 2013., "
Effects of weather-related episodic events in lakes: an analysis based on high-frequency data", Freshwater Biol., vol. 57, p. 589-601, 2012., "
Lake metabolism and the diel oxygen technique: State of the science", Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, vol. 8, p. 628-644, 2010., "
The metabolism of aquatic ecosystems: History, applications, and future challenges", Aquat. Sci., vol. 74, p. 15-29, 2012., "


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The Buckeyes and Spartans each won, but Michigan's loss led to Wisconsin's gain in the jockeying for Big Ten tournament seeding.
Penn State will play fifth-seeded Michigan on Thursday. The Nittany Lions might have been locked into the last seed, but they still challenged Wisconsin. They're 2-2 since starting 0-14 in conference, and the tough play extended into the regular-season finale at an energized Jordan Center.
After starting 5 of 6 from the field, Penn State tightened up defensively to hold the Badgers to 5 of 21 the rest of the first half. The Nittany Lions' one-two guard punch of Marshall and Newbill each scored 10 for a 25-24 halftime lead, and the game settled into a see-saw affair the rest of the way.
"I don't think we started the game with a sense of urgency," Chambers said. "But we definitely picked it up after the first media timeout."
Foul trouble hurt Penn State in the closing minutes though. The Nittany Lions had trouble scoring with Marshall on the bench with four fouls until re-entered with about three minutes left and scored Penn State's next four points to stay within one possession of the lead.


text: RSS Events Feeds 2day Inperson Seminar on Mastering the HIPAA Privacy Security and Breach Notification Rules Co 10/24/2013 9:00 AM - 10/25/2013 6:00 PM Overview:This session is designed to provide intensive, two-day training in HIPAA compliance, including what's new in the regulations, what's changed recently, and what needs to be addressed for compliance by covered entities and business associates.The session provides the background and details for any manager of healthcare information privacy and security to know what are the most important privacy and security issues, what needs to be done for HIPAA compliance, and what can happen when compliance is not adequate.Audits and enforcement will be explained, as well as privacy and security breaches and how to prevent them. Numerous references and sample documents will be provided.Who Will Benefit:Information Security OfficersRisk ManagersCompliance OfficersPrivacy OfficersHealth Information ManagersInformation Technology ManagersMedical Office ManagersChief Financial OfficersSystems ManagersLegal CounselOperations DirectorsCourse Details:Day 1 - AgendaDay one sets the stage with an overview of the HIPAA regulations and then continues with presentation of the specifics of the Privacy Rule, recent changes to the rules, and the basics of the Security RuleLecture 1: Overview of HIPAA RegulationsLecture 2: HIPAA Privacy Rule Principles, Policies and ProceduresLecture 3: Recent and Proposed Changes to the HIPAA RulesLecture 4: HIPAA Security Rule PrinciplesDay 2- AgendaDay two begins with a detailed examination of HIPAA Security Rule requirements and what must be done to survive audits by the US Department of Health and Human Services, including an examination of how risk analysis can be used to drive compliance by the systematic examination of information flows and mitigation of risks discovered, and an exploration of the official HHS HIPAA Audit Protocol, including how to use the protocol to help manage your compliance work and its documentation. Finally, the day concludes with a session on the essential activities of documenting policies, procedures, and activities, training staff and managers in the issues and policies they need to know about, and examining compliance readiness through drills and self-audits.Lecture 5: HIPAA Security Policies and Procedures and AuditsLecture 6: Risk Analysis for Security and Meaningful UseLecture 7: Risk Mitigation and Compliance RemediationLecture 8: Documentation, Training, Drills and Self-AuditsVenue, Address and Date:Held: October 24th & 25th, 2013, Phoenix, AZ, USAHotel: Hilton Garden Inn Phoenix MidtownAddress: 4000 N. Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona, 85012, USARegister now and save $200. (Early Bird)Until September 10, Early Bird Price: $1,295.00from September 11 and October 22, Regular Price: $1495.00Meet Your Instructor:Jim Sheldon-Dean is the founder and director of compliance services at Lewis Creek Systems, LLC, a Vermont-based consulting firm founded in 1982, providing information privacy and security regulatory compliance services to a wide variety of health care entities.Sheldon-Dean serves on the HIMSS Information Systems Security Workgroup, has co-chaired the Workgroup for Electronic Data Interchange Privacy and Security Workgroup, and is a recipient of the WEDI 2011 Award of Merit. He is a frequent speaker regarding HIPAA and information privacy and security compliance issues at seminars and conferences, including speaking engagements at numerous regional and national healthcare association conferences and conventions and the annual NIST/OCR HIPAA Security Conference in Washington, D.C.Contact Information:Event CoordinatorToll free: 1800 447 9407Fax: 302 288 6884Email: email@example.com: https://www.globalcompliancepanel.comLIVE CHAT SUPPORT ALSO - http://www.globalcompliancepanel.com/chat/client.phpGlobalCompliancePanelNetZealous LLC161 Mission Falls Lane, Suite 216, Fremont, CA 94539, USAFor More Info Click Here: http://bit.ly/1al8pGg Learn More: 2day Inperson Seminar on Mastering the HIPAA Privacy Security and Breach Notification Rules Co


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available for immediate purchase and pick-up.
*Please Note!! Many of our pictures are stock photos provided to us by the manufacturer and do not necessarily represent the actual item being purchased. Please verify this picture accurately reflects the product described by the title and description on this page before you place your order.
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Ciappa Standard 1911.22 Long Rifle 5 Inch Barrel Tan Slide With Black Frame 10 Round
Constructed from Chiappalloy and steel components featuring two-piece walnut grips with laser checkering and a polymer clip. Fixed Novak style rear sights. Keyed internal hammer block safety.
Caliber: .22 LR
Finish: Tan Slide/Black Frame
Barrel Length: 5
Magazine Capacity: 10
Gun Accessories, Ammunition, Gun Safes, Handguns, Left Hand Guns, Youth Guns, Reserves, Rifles, Shotguns, Scopes / Optics, Gun Closeouts, Factory Certified Guns, Used Guns, MAP, Bud's Mobile
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I just got information on this contest via email and thought you may be interested…
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DropboxOne of my favorite online services is Dropbox. This service allows me to seamlessly synchronize files between computers with 2 GB of online storage. And the beauty of all this... is that it's FREE! Click the link below to get started (and to get an extra 250 MB of online storage). Dropbox
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Over the next several years, OCLC's cataloging, discovery and interlibrary loan services will undergo significant changes that will make them more compelling and designed for a Webscale future. OCLC will move these services to a more robust, flexible and integrated platform. These changes will better accommodate the future needs of member libraries and their users.
The OCLC services that support cataloging, discovery and interlibrary loan operations already work together for libraries that use two or more of these services. For example, the OCLC FirstSearch interface supports searching for WorldCat Resource Sharing users. The emerging Webscale environment will increase this integration—and provide exciting opportunities to make OCLC services more powerful.
"The WorldShare Metadata collection management service is a step forward because we can now use the records in the WorldCat database to provide access to our electronic collections in a way that incorporates access changes quickly and easily."
With help from member task forces and testing groups, OCLC is undertaking this work to create new efficiencies for libraries and introduce compelling search and discovery environments for library users.
On the cataloging front, the move to Webscale is already happening with OCLC WorldShare Metadata. In August 2012, OCLC introduced initial WorldShare Metadata collection management functionality that enables output of collections of customized MARC records from dynamically changing WorldCat knowledge base collections.
WorldShare Metadata collection management automatically delivers WorldCat MARC records for collections of electronic materials, and continually updates the metadata and access URLs for these materials. This improves user access, gives staff time for other priorities and enhances collection investments.
"The WorldShare Metadata collection management service is a step forward because we can now use the records in the WorldCat database to provide access to our electronic collections in a way that incorporates access changes quickly and easily," said Sarah Haight Sanabria, Electronic Resources Cataloger, Central University Libraries, Southern Methodist University, who participated in the beta test.
During the next few years, OCLC will expand WorldShare Metadata with new record management features that will complement the collection management functions. These new functions will provide catalogers with tools to more efficiently describe one-of-a-kind items, including electronic, digital and physical materials. New record management functionality will be used to create new WorldCat records and enrich existing records.
OCLC will also release new Web services for developers in the cataloging community. These services will provide support for adding new WorldCat master records and enriching those that already exist, WorldCat holdings maintenance, and customized local bibliographic data and local holdings records.
Library users need a unified and contemporary search experience that lets them see what's most meaningful to them.
This will provide complete metadata management for physical, licensed and digital resources across multiple formats. In addition, the expanding cataloging functionality—to be available to all OCLC cataloging subscribers—will be integrated with OCLC WorldShare Management Services components, including acquisitions and circulation. And because it is being built on the WorldShare Platform, this functionality will work well with traditional integrated library systems, too.
Library users need a unified and contemporary search experience that lets them see what's most meaningful to them. And library staff need expert search capabilities and expanded record views. With the help of a member advisory group, research and testing is under way at OCLC in order to meet these goals within one discovery experience. This new service will combine the reach of WorldCat.org and its user-friendly interface with the precision features of FirstSearch.
The new discovery service will replace the current FirstSearch service while providing expert functionality to current users of WorldCat.org and WorldCat Local. Active 'unlimited' subscriptions to the current FirstSearch service will automatically transfer to the new discovery service.
The advisory group review will continue through late 2012 with beta testing slated to begin in February 2013. OCLC will provide details on minor tasks that libraries will need to complete (e.g., obtaining new log-in credentials) when the new service becomes available in mid-2013.
Interlibrary loan
The new OCLC WorldShare Interlibrary Loan service is rolling out in an 18-month phased migration that began in July with targeted library groups. Most WorldCat Resource Sharing users can begin to use the new service in March 2013. Libraries with user-initiated interlibrary loan can begin to migrate in July 2013 when the new discovery interface becomes available. Non-U.S. libraries can migrate in the June–September 2013 timeframe. WorldCat Resource Sharing users will have until the end of December 2013 to move to WorldShare Interlibrary Loan—this is when access to WorldCat Resource sharing will end.
WorldShare Interlibrary Loan will replace the WorldCat Resource Sharing service as part of existing OCLC resource sharing subscriptions. OCLC will provide comprehensive training resources to help library staff with transitioning interlibrary loan work to the new service.
"WorldShare Interlibrary Loan will present many new features that will facilitate the processing of requests, resulting in more efficient use of staff time and improved customer service."
WorldShare Interlibrary Loan will transform traditional interlibrary loan into a broader fulfillment service that supports evolving workflow changes such as purchasing needed items instead of borrowing them. This will position traditional interlibrary loan as one of many options a library may choose according to library policies and user needs.
"As a member of the beta test team for WorldShare Interlibrary Loan, I felt it was important to be a part of the advisory committee to ensure the work we did and the vision we have for this new ILL platform will be carried forward," said Franca Rosen, Head, Interlibrary Loan Services, Jefferson County Public Library, Lakewood, Colorado. "WorldShare Interlibrary Loan will present many new features that will facilitate the processing of requests, resulting in more efficient use of staff time and improved customer service."
Moving ahead
OCLC's WorldShare vision moves libraries forward into even greater collaboration and cooperation. These upcoming service enhancements for cataloging, discovery and interlibrary loan are key to that future. You and your staff may be asked for feedback on new functionality and workflows, so stay tuned. This exciting Webscale future will make information access easier than ever.
Learn more
Updates via the OCLC-CAT. OCLC-SHARING-L and OCLC FirstSearch listservs
Details on WorldShare Metadata Management
Updates on the WorldShare Interlibrary Loan migration
Information about the new discovery service
ISSUE 20 contents
- Index
- President's Report
- From community to technology ... and back again
- Moving to meta-services
- Gates Foundation, OCLC continue partnership for library staff development
- First Global Council President from Asia Pacific shares his thoughts
- Exploring shifts in user engagement
- OCLC maps the future of cataloging, discovery and interlibrary loan
- How Kindred Works ... works
- We live in a networked world
- WorldCat statistics
- Updates


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Kurt Russell Gossip
Kurt Russell gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Kate & Cara's Thanksgiving
AKM-GSI/ Splash
Cara Delevingne has been in LA all week. The other day she was hanging out with Cody Simpson and model Gigi Hadid. I've attached photos below. Last night though, for US Thanksgiving, she was over at Kate Hudson's, hanging out with the entire family. Goldie, Kurt Russell, Kate's brothers… And dancing. Full Story
Kate is pregnant, not engaged
It was reported yesterday, courtesy the ever reliable UK Sun, that Kate Hudson is engaged to Matt Bellamy. Because he and her parents went out for an engagement dinner the other night in London. Kate however taped an appearance on the Graham Norton Show last night and denied the story: "No, no, not that I know of! I don't like putting that sort of pressure on it and I don't feel it necessary to get married. Full Story
Manslinger bikes and sings
Kate Hudson and her parents Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell went for a bike ride with boyfriend Matt Bellamy the other day in Santa Monica. Kate as you can see is wearing her New England Patriots cap. She's a good friend of Mr Kraft. I have a friend who will not introduce her boyfriend to her parents. Full Story


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Affectionate and engaging, that is Maxwell. Maxwell has the energy and positive attitude to lead your home on it's merry way. Chasing feathers, jumping high and inviting you to play silly games are his goals. And when you are tired out, he'll invite you to snuggle in and nap. This short-haired brown and white tiger is about 1 year old, is neutered and current on vaccinations thanks to the Robert and Eleanor Franke Fnd and local veterinarians. This young and lively cat may do well with respectful children of any age. With time to adjust and proper introductions, he could do well with other pets and may to enjoy another four-legged friend to keep him company while his human friends are away!
If you would like to help our wonderful friends while they are waiting to be adopted, the Coulee Region Humane Society is always looking for donations. These donations go a long way in making the stay more comfortable for our animal guests.
Click here to view the latest updated Wish List from the Coulee Region Humane Society
Coulee Region Humane Society
911 Critter Court, Onalaska, WI 54650
Phone: (608) 781-4014
Fax: (608) 781-1646
Office Hours:
Monday, Wednesday and Friday: 9:00 a.m. -- 5:00 p.m.
Tuesday and Thursday: 9:00 a.m. -- 7:00 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday: 1:00 p.m. -- 5:00 p.m.
Kennel Viewing Hours:
Monday and Friday: 1:00 p.m. -- 5:00 p.m.
Tuesday and Thursday: 1:00 p.m. -- 7:00 p.m.
Wednesday: CLOSED
Saturday and Sunday: 1:00 p.m. -- 5:00 p.m.
Mission Statement:
The Coulee Region Humane Society actively promotes the humane treatment of animals and positive human-animal relationships.


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Rock 'n' Roll Marathon in Tempe, Arizona
January 17, 2013
A fun "spin" on a classic race, is the 10th anniversary of Arizona's P.F. Changs Rock 'n Roll Marathon & ½ Marathon. This year's event takes place on Sunday, January 20th, and benefits many local and national charities including St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. A qualifier for the Boston Marathon, participants run while they "rock out" through three Arizona cities, with music acts on every mile of the course.
Runners and spectators alike will enjoy this special event with entertainment, bands, an expo, and much more. Live bands perform a variety of music from classic rock to jazz, to punk-rock, and everything in-between. The 2013 Finsh Line Concert will be headlined by Andy Grammer, singer of the top 10 song "Keep Your Head Up," wrapping up a running-party that is sure not to be missed.
Tempe Mission Palms is right in the heart of the course, as the starting line for the ½ marathon is just a block away from the hotel. Runners can easily access the start of the full marathon by using the METRO Light Rail, just across from Tempe Mission Palms as well. The finish line for both races is just a ten minute walk from the hotel, and nice way to "cool down" those exhausted muscles. Tempe Mission Palms is very excited to once again host participants and their families during this exciting weekend!


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At the Consumer Electronics Trade Show last month Razer, a leading producer of computer peripherals aimed at gamers, introduced its all-new Nabu smart-band gadget that is supposed to be a companion for smartphone. The Nabu delivers notifications from a smartphone right to one's wrist and tracks selected personal information. While the announcement was not too "loud", over 10 thousand developers have already signed in to design apps for Nabu.
The Razer Nabu band has two OLED notification screens, a public icon screen and a private message screen. The public icon screen – located on the top of the wrist – notifies users of incoming calls, texts, emails and app updates via notification icons. The private message screen – located on the inside of the wrist – provides detailed information of texts, emails, bio data and other updates that can only be viewed by the user.
The Nabu has advanced sensors for data tracking, including location information, bio data feedback (steps walked, distance traveled, stairs climbed, etc.), sleep data, band-to-band communication and much more, collected on an opt-in basis for users to better understand and adjust their daily activity. In addition, Nabu allows to discover owners of similar bands around.
The collected data as well as pre-configured capabilities and gestures on the Razer Nabu will be available on an open development platform to allow first- and third-party developers to update existing apps or build new ones to create new types of personal and social experiences for Razer Nabu wearers and third-party app users.
So far, over 10 000 software designers have signed in to receive the Razer Nabu software development kits.The SDK will be shipping in the next few weeks to approved applicants. Commercial availability of the Nabu is projected for Q1 – Q2 timeframe. The SDK costs $49, the actual product's price is unknown.
"The overwhelming demand we've received from the development community to work on applications for the Nabu more than validates our decision to make wearables a long-term focus for our business," said Min-Liang Tan, Razer co-founder, CEO and creative director. "This utpouring of support is even more gratifying, considering it comes on the heels of launching a project we've been researching for the past three-and-a-half years. With all the applications pouring in, we can't wait to see just how developers will take advantage of the open platform of the Nabu to enrich user experiences."


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Fourth grade teacher Larry Swiggum hasn't taught hundreds of students, or even finished a full year of teaching. But that hasn't stopped him from standing out at Northern Hills Elementary in Onalaska.
It hasn't taken long for parents and students to notice that experience doesn't count for much when your teacher is Mr. Swiggum.
"He makes school fun, makes it exciting," says Curt Rees, principal at Northern Hills. "When parents talk to me they say 'man, my kid just really looks forward to coming to school everyday to be with Mr. Swiggum."
Mr. Swiggum says he's just trying to do for his students what a teacher once did for him.
"I had actually a male fourth grade teacher that kind of really inspired me," Swiggum says.
Since his experience in fourth grade, teaching has always been Swiggum's goal. And it turns out he's pretty good at it.
"We did this huge unit on fractions," says Eva Marchiando, a student in Swiggum's class. "A lot of kids didn't get it, including me because it was really hard. So we just went through different methods of figuring them out until finally he got a couple that most of us got it. "
"You teach a lesson and then right after the lesson, you're like 'I can do this different, or this different to make it better," Swiggum says.
And with one year of teaching under his belt, Mr. Swiggum should have plenty of time to do just that.
Mr. Swiggum says his student's progress during this school year is a constant reminder of why he became a teacher.
When the school year is over, Swiggum will coach youth athletics for the summer.


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category: 2000-2009, Basson, Cello, Clarinet...
As the Sound of Many Waters
- As the Sound of Many Waters Album Track Listing >>
- 1As the Sound of Many Waters for solo flute (1998) 13:38 - James Newton, flute
- 2Violet for flute, clarinet, violin, cello, piano, and two marimbas (1994-95)
- 3Gihon for solo violin (1995)
- 4The King's Way for soprano, flute, bassoon, violin, cello, harp, percussion, and piano (1989)
- 5I. The Prayer of Thanksgiving
- 6II. Prayer Through Strife
- 7III. Resolution 3:09 - Adina Aaron, soprano
- 8Like Jasper and Carnelian for solo flute (1997
- As the Sound of Many Waters Details >>
- LabelAnthology of Recorded Music
- Year2000
- Discs1
James Newton, flute
San Francisco Contemporary Music Players:
Tod Brody, flute;
William Wohlmacher, clarinet;
Rufus Olivier, bassoon;
Roy Malan, violin;
Stephen Harrison, cello;
Thomas Schultz, piano;
Karen Gottlieb, harp;
Daniel Kennedy, William Winant, percussion.
David Milnes, Guest Conductor
- As the Sound of Many Waters Album Track Listing >>
category: 1980-1989, Bass, Cello, Drums, ...
- Luella Album Track Listing >>
- 1Not Without You (Newton)
- 2Mr. Dolphy (Newton)
- 3Anna Maria (Shorter)
- 4Diamonds Are For Freedom (Newton)
- 5Luella - For My Aunt (Newton)
- Luella Details >>
- LabelGramavision
- Year1983
- Discs1
James Newton (flute)
Gayle Dixon (violin)
John Blake (violin)
Abdul Wadud (cello)
Jay Hoggard (vibraphone)
Kenny Kirkland (piano)
Cecil McBee (bass)
Billy Hart (drums)
- Luella Album Track Listing >>
category: 2010-2019, Bass, Basson, Cello...
Sacred Works
- Sacred Works Details >>
- LabelNew World
- Year2011
- Discs1
This is the first recording devoted to James Newton's sacred works. The composer has been influenced by the masses and cantatas of Stravinsky and Bach and the operas of Messiaen, Puccini and Verdi.
- Sacred Works Details >>


text: Edge Series™ Tools You know Ingersoll Rand for the legendary performance and durability that our products have been delivering to professionals for years. Now YOU can harness the power and legacy of our products with the EDGE Series™ line of air tools for your home and garage projects! Available now at a retailer near you. Bolting Air Impacts Air Ratchets Cutting Air Cut-off Tools Air Drills Air Hammers Air Shears Air Saws Finishing/Painting Air Grinders Air Paint Sprayers Air Sanders Accessories Air Tool Accessories Air Compressor Accessories General Air Line Accessories Compressors Tools for Pros Ingersoll Rand Edge SeriesTM Air Tools for Your Home and Garage Projects Air Cut-off Tools Air Drills Air Grinders Air Hammers Air Impactools™ Air Paint Sprayers Air Ratchets Air Sanders Air Shears Air Saws Edge Series™ Accessories Bolting Cutting Finishing/Painting Accessories Where To Buy © 2016 Ingersoll Rand. All rights reserved.


text: My dd is 1 week old and I have been in pain while nursing her since leaving the hospital. My nipples are scabbed and it hurts so bad when she latches on that I dread nursing her. I think any positioning problems were solved at the hospital but the pain hasn't gotten any better. My pediatrician recommended using breast shields so that she doesnt' actually touch my nipple while she nurses. It doesn't help the pain at all. I tried pumping but it took me a long time to get 2 oz and then she still wanted to nurse after my husband fed her. On top of the nipple pain during latching on, tonight my nipples burned for about a half hour after the feeding. Any advice or words of encouragement would be much appreciated.


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Results tagged ' Les Capitales de Québec '
Italo-Canadese John Mariotti gives Team Italy winning spirit in 2013 World Baseball Classic
The six-foot-one right hander made his professional debut in 2007 with Orioles' Short-Season Single-A Aberdeen and posted a 2-2 record with a 1.46 ERA. He spent his entire 2008 campaign at Single-A Delmarva. Mariotti began the 2009 season at Single-A Advanced Frederick and moved up to Double-A Bowie, where he started 13 games and compiled a 3.44 ERA. The Orioles' farmhand was back at Frederick in 2010, when he made 41 appearances out of the bullpen and chalked up three saves.The Woodbridge, Ontario MiLB expat was a welcome addition to the 2011 Québec Capitales' starting pitching rotation. Mariotti went 11-1 in the regular season with 2.74 ERA in 108.1 innings of work before going undefeated in the postseason with a 1.98 ERA. The Philadelphia Phillies came calling for Mariotti as he was signed to a minor league contract and invited to 2012 Spring Training. The hype was short-lived, and he retreated to comfy Les Capitales de Québec, where he tallied a 10-1 record in 98.1 innings with a 4.03 ERA in 2012. Under the leadership of manager Marco Mazzieri, pitching coach Bill Holmberg, hitting coach Mike Piazza, third base coach Alberto D'Auria and first base coach Claudio Vecchi, Team Italy remained undefeated (9-0) in the 2012 European Championship by outscoring opponents 45-4 during the first five games of Pool A competition and then continued with their winning ways by outscoring others 18-6 in the remaining four games of the medal round. By defeating the Netherlands twice back-to-back on their home turf during the final two days of the 2012 European Championship, Team Italy demonstrated its resilience against a squad which was the biggest surprise of the 2009 World Baseball Classic. Remember the Dutch defeated the Dominican Republic twice and moved on to the second round of play.
Let's put the Italian victory over the Netherlands in the 2012 European Championship into perspective. By the Dutch winning the 2011 World Cup after upsetting a talented Cuban team in the finals, does that make Italy the new elite class of European baseball and the spoiler in the upcoming 2013 World Baseball Classic? With John Mariotti's winning spirit, Italy has got a real shot.


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Laboratory Management and Technical Issues
Low GGA
Please help!
We've been getting low GGAs (130-160) for the past 2 weeks.
Can't figure out the causes.
We have good initial D.O.(8.6-9.0)
Blank of < 0.2 mg/L.
Consistent Polyseed range; seed = 50-60 mg/L, using 6 mL seed/bottle.
What are your depletions for the seed and for the seeded GGA? Is this a new lot of Polyseed? Or have you had good results with this lot?
I always have another manufacturer's seed in house that has worked properly so as I can compare different seeds if there is a problem. I also seed with some fresh raw sewage as another known seed source for comparison. The problem can then be pinpointed rather quickly and corrected.
Andy, you haven't given us much information to work with. For example, you say your GGAs are 130 - 160 for the last 2 weeks, but what were they before that? Your blanks are <0.2, but what were they before the low GGAs kicked in? If they used to be higher than 0.2, that alone could be a big factor in the suddenly low GGAs.
Why don't you take a little time and fill out a chart containing the info below for 20 or so batches before the problem, and another chart for the period when the low GGAs have been experienced. Also not any change that happened in you procedure at the beginning of the problem period. Here's what would help, and the info should be for each bottle...not for an average where duplicates or multiple dilutions were done. Include wastewater samples only if you want to...there is not much to be learned from wastewater results.
Sample Volume Seed Vol D-1 DO D-5 DO
Seed Control
That may seem like a lot of work, but the information is critical to discovering the problem unless the cause is something simple, like "I used to use primary effluent for seed, and now I use Polyseed." If you already have digitized data and can covert it to a Word doc or photo file, you could simply attach the files on a posting at this Technical Discussion page.
Thank you Perry and sorry to Perry and everyone for not getting back sooner.
I've been frustrated about the low GGAs and tried to solve the problem. I used the primary effluent as seed and the GGAs worked out great. The reason we abandoned the sewage seed b/c of the 0.6-1.0 corrective factor method restriction. Now our auditor does not abide by the corrective factor any more as long as PT passed. Andy
If your like me I used get hung up on the .6 to 1.0. If your read standard methods closely, it states, "should be between .6 and 1.0. Some regulators dont care if it comes out to 1.7 and you GGAs come out, then OK.
The seed correction of .6 to 1.0 is not a requirement but it is still a good guideline. If our seeding material does not meet this I would check out other seeding materials until I found one that does and still meets the proper GGA value.
I always worry about nitrification when the GGA value is only in range when I use sewage for a seed but can not get the proper value with a purchased seed that I know contains no nitrifiers.
James correctly said:
"The seed correction of .6 to 1.0 is not a requirement but it is still a good guideline."
The reasoning behind this is that a seed that depletes too much Oxygen will leave little left for the actual sample depletion.
Having as much range as possible will ensure that at least 2 bottles deplete within the 1.0 residual and 2.0 depletion limits.
If you only get one good bottle, that is ok, but getting 2 good bottles ups the confidence level greatly. Getting 3 good bottles hits the jackpot and you get the bonus of detecting toxicity.
Luis Manriquez
I'm not an expert but my experience is and have been told by people who sell the commerical seed, you will eventually fail a GGa with that type of seed. I've been threw it a lot in the last couple of years. Yes, even if your seed factor comes out, try uping the 6 to 8 in a bottle or two. I was also to by several experts, use your own seed from supernanat from influent or mix liquor, you will get better results.


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River Sojourn luncheon
June 19, 2013 —
GREELEY, PA — Members and friends of The Lackawaxen River Conservancy (TLRC) who are not participating in the Lackawaxen River leg of the Delaware River Sojourn on Monday, June 24 are invited to join the sojourners at lunch at the Wicksnes property, on the Greeley side of the river just upstream from the Rowland Bridge.
It is expected that the paddlers and rafters who are on the Sojourn will arrive at the site at about noon, although this will depend upon the swiftness of the Lackawaxen that day. In addition to a buffet prepared by Konrad's Kitchen (in Yulan, NY), there will be a presentation on the history of native Americans along the Lackawaxen.
RSVP by Monday, June 17 by calling 570/685-8875. With a TLRC subsidy, the luncheon cost is $5. Bring a chair if you don't wish to sit on the ground.


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October 3, 2012 —
HARRISBURG NY — A mobile home park owner with dozens of properties in 17 Pennsylvania counties, including in Wayne County, has entered a $1.3 million consent decree with the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) over repeated violations of drinking water and wastewater standards. GSP Management Co., Frank T. Perano and related companies are further required to take necessary corrective measures.
The three Wayne County locations—Canal Mobile Park in White Mills, Sunrise Terrace Mobile Park in Honesdale and Pocono Mobile Manor in Gouldsboro—were all listed for drinking water violations.
"This consent decree covers a pattern of serious, repeated violations GSP committed all across Pennsylvania," DEP Secretary Mike Krancer said. "This should be a message to all: DEP is going to come down hard on those who show this type of disregard for our environmental protection laws."
DEP and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inspectors discovered the violations during five consecutive years. Drinking water violations included exceeding federal drinking water standards for certain pollutants and failing to notify residents about drinking water problems.
The wastewater violations at other mobile home parks include illegal discharge of partially treated or untreated sewage into nearby streams and failure to properly operate and maintain wastewater treatment facilities.
The consent decree is subject to Federal District Court approval.


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Work in a recording studio and record, synchronize and mix music. Control the sound at live events such as music gigs or theatre performances. Create the audio experience at large theme parks or churches. The music production & technology major at BVU is an interdisciplinary program that will prepare you to work in a variety of fields within the music industry.
Through your studies, you will expand your knowledge of the professional audio industry while also developing fundamental business, media and communication skills. Early on, you'll receive hands-on experience by recording your own music using BVU's top-notch recording studio and by working live sound at campus events. You will also develop professional skills and hone your technical abilities through a variety of internship opportunities. There are two tracks in music production & technology at BVU – business and film scoring/audio for video games – allowing you to tailor your career path. As a music production & technology major at BVU, you will gain the knowledge and skills to become successful in this rapidly expanding field.
Students who major in music production & technology have also showed interest in:
Music production & technology students have regular access to the recording studio located in Lage Communications Center. The state-of-the-art recording studio has a mixing/mastering suite with equipment for live tracking (recording) and remote recording.
At BVU, the opportunities for learning music production are endless, because of the class sizes and the combination of theory and a hands-on approach to learning.


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US labour news headlines from LabourStart
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It may take a few days for membership to be verified, please be patient and check your e-mail for a response. All others may browse only the public portions of the site.
All IBU members should be sure to check a box for all mailing lists below that apply.


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June 27, 2012 —
MILFORD, PA – Come celebrate our nation's birthday on Wednesday, July 4, 2012, as the US Forest Service offers a fee-free day at Grey Towers National Historic Site, Milford, PA. It will be open from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Forest Service staff will offer a unique insight into the conservation contributions made by the Pinchot family and how they utilized the Grey Towers estate as their family home until 1963, when it was donated to the US Forest Service.
Additional fee-free days during the 2012 season include Saturday, August 11, Gifford Pinchot's birthday (with free ice cream) and Saturday, Sept. 29, National Public Lands Day.
For more information call Grey Towers at 570-296-9630 or send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com [1]. Helpful websites are www.greytowers.org [2] and www.fs.fed.us/gt [3].


text: My DS just started sleeping for a 6-hour stretch last week; now he is spitting up during that next feeding. He doesn't seem to be eating too fast and I have tried burping him every 5 minutes instead of just after he finishes one side. Anyone else have this problem?


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Website ranks Madison second-best-run city in US
Moody's analytics ranks city's general obligation debt as perfect AAA
A national financial news and opinion online publication has declared Madison to be the second-best-run city in America.
The website, 24/7 Wall Street, researches and publishes articles on financial and market information.
The article cites Madison's low unemployment rate of 4.9 percent in 2011, which was the second-lowest among all large cities in the U.S. It also cites Madison's Aaa credit rating, and a city ordinance that bans the government from using emergency reserves to fund the operating budget, unless two thirds of council membership vote otherwise.
In the article, Madison is ranked higher than a number of cities of similar size, including Lincoln, Neb.; Freemont, Calf., and Irvine, Calif., as well as larger cities such as Virginia Beach, Va.; Raleigh, N.C.; and Seattle.
"It is always good to be recognized for the hard work being done to maintain our good fiscal standing," said Mayor Paul Soglin in a news release. "What I am interested in pursuing next is unseating Plano, Texas, which is ranked as the best-run city in America."
In awarding the ranking to the city of Madison, authors cited the local employers in fields such as technology and health care. The article also noted that 54 percent of the city's adult population has a bachelor's degree, the third-highest rate among the top 100 largest cities.
Copyright 2013 by Channel 3000. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Fairtrade and Traceability
Why physical traceability?
Physical traceability means that Fairtrade products must be marked and kept separate from non-Fairtrade products at each stage of production and processing. It reflects Fairtrade International's strategic objective to assure consumers that products bearing the FAIRTRADE Mark are made with Fairtrade ingredients.
Physical traceability was introduced as a requirement for Fairtrade certified producers, traders and licensees in the February 2009 Fairtrade Trader Standard (previously called the Generic Trade Standard). Before this, traceability was implicit in the Fairtrade Standards.
The difficulty of implementing physical traceability
When the Trader Standard was introduced, Fairtrade International already recognized that physical traceability may not be possible for certain products without bringing harm to many farmers and workers – and often the most vulnerable. For products where producers have no control over processing, these farmers and workers would have no chance to sell on Fairtrade terms when the manufacturer does not keep the product physically separate. Sugar, fruit juice, tea and cocoa were exempt until Fairtrade International could do further research.
After extensive consultation with producers and traders, the Fairtrade Standards Committee decided in 2010 that the physical traceability requirements under the Trader Standards would not be compulsory for cane sugar, orange juice, cocoa and tea.
Certifying traceability for sugar, juices, tea and cocoa
Certified producers and traders of the above products must demonstrate traceability through detailed documents which show where a product was sourced and to where it was sold. FLOCERT conducts stringent checks of the documents to make sure equivalent amounts of Fairtrade product were bought and sold, thus tracking the quantity of Fairtrade product through the supply chain.
Among Fairtrade sugar farmers, most sell their sugarcane to a processing mill which transforms the raw cane into sugar within 48 hours after harvest and then sells to the export market. Only a minority of Fairtrade sugar farmers organizations are able to process the sugar themselves since this requires significant investment and expertise.
When producers sell their cane to the sugar mill they lose ownership and all control of the process. The mills usually mix Fairtrade and non-Fairtrade sugar for cost-efficient processing since the amount of Fairtrade sugarcane is too small for the mill to process alone. Because of this, a large portion of the current Fairtrade sugar supply can't be physically traced.
Some Fairtrade producer organizations separate Fairtrade from non-Fairtrade cocoa at the farm level. However, this physical separation is usually lost in the supply chain. Fairtrade and non-Fairtrade cocoa beans are often mixed when collected from individual farms or during transport within the producer country. Once the cocoa reaches the processor, large-scale chocolate companies process cocoa in huge volumes uninterrupted: 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Large chocolate companies cannot guarantee physical separation without halting their production or switching all their chocolate to Fairtrade. Artisanal chocolatiers also expressed their difficulties to segregate.
Requiring physical traceability would likely prevent these companies from engaging in Fairtrade. This would stop millions of Euros of Fairtrade Premium income from reaching vulnerable cocoa farmers. All Fairtrade producers and traders are therefore exempt from physical traceability, a decision which was generally supported by the producers and traders that Fairtrade International consulted.
Fruit juices
Most Fairtrade juice comes from small volume fruit producers who sell to large volume juice manufacturers. Producers rarely own their own juice processing facilities since this means major investments in machinery and knowledge of food industries engineering and quality.
The independent juice manufacturers mix Fairtrade and non-Fairtrade fruit since the volume of Fairtrade fruit is too small to keep separate without very high costs. If the Fairtrade Standards required physical traceability for juice, most existing Fairtrade producers would not be able to sell their fruit to the manufacturer on Fairtrade terms.
Once tea leaves are picked, they must be processed within hours or else they dry and lose their value. Most small holders who supply Fairtrade tea estates or who are members of small producer organizations do not have the capacity or finance for their own processing facilities.
They must send their tea leaves to the nearest tea factory for processing where it is in some cases mixed with non-Fairtrade tea. Farmers are usually spread out in remote locations with one option where to send their tea. Physical separation at the point of production would cause undue hardship to small farmers and out-growers – specifically the most vulnerable ones. Physical traceability of Fairtrade products is also not economically viable for several Fairtrade certified tea factories and tea packers/blenders.
Balancing principles with reality
While Fairtrade holds firm to the principle of physical traceability, in practice it may be very damaging for farmers and workers within certain trade chains. Fairtrade's goal is to succeed in the delicate balance of delivering on the expectations of consumers and companies in the market with the meeting the very real needs of Fairtrade farmers and workers on the ground.
Updated: February 2016